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R \THBTJN

Decat>od Crustaceans from the
Panama Region.

•

SMITHSONIAN INSTITl I
UNITED STATES NATIO KUM

Bulletin 103

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND PALEON-
TOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE, PANAMA, AND
GEOLOGICALLY RELATED AREAS IN CI
TRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM THE
PANAMA REGION

By MARY J. RATHBUN
Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum

Eitract from Bulletin 103, pages 123-184, with Plates 54-6

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1918

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Bulletin 103

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND PALEON-
TOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE, PANAMA, AND
GEOLOGICALLY RELATED AREAS IN CEN-
TRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM THE
PANAMA REGION

By MARY J. RATH BUN

Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum,

Eitract from Bulletin 103, pages 123-184, with Plates 54-66

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1918

Q E LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
SANTA BARBARA

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM THE PANAMA
REGION.

By MARY J. RATHBUN,

Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum.

INTRODUCTION.

Fifty-eight species of Decapods are enumerated from the collec-
tions examined by the author. Three species described by other
authors are inserted in systematic order, thus making the list com-
plete to date for the Panama region. All the available material
in the United States National Museum from Panama and Costa Rica
is included ; it ranges in age from the Oligocene (Culebra formation)
to the Pleistocene.

In the list of stations and the table of distribution the data relat-
ing to Cirripedia from Dr. H. A. Pilsbry's report are included for
convenience of reference.

The literature on Panama Tertiary Decapods is so scanty that it
is not surprising that nearly all of the forms now examined prove to
be new. Six species previously described from living forms are here
recorded from the Pleistocene (4 species) or the Pliocene (2 spe-
cies). Thirty-nine species are described as new, three are types of
new genera, and one of these is the type of a new family, the Ga-
tuniidae. This is an extremely large and massive crab and combines
the characters of the well-known Recent families, the Cancridae and
the Portunidae. The most remarkable occurrence is that of a mem-
ber of the Hexapodinae, that subfamily of the Goneplacidae in which
the legs of the last pair are wanting. This is a small group of Recent
crabs containing 5 genera and 8 species, and is strictly Indo-Pacific.
The species from the Oligocene of Panama is the first one observed
in a fossil state. Many other genera dealt with in this report have
never before been found fossil. Such are Pachycheles, Petrolisthes,
Axius, Hepatus, Mursia., Leiwosttia, Euphylax, Heteractaea, Eury-
tiitm, Euryplax; and Cardisoma.

As in all large collections of fossil crustaceans there are a number
of fragments whose position is problematic. Some of these can be
determined as to genera, others as to family only.

8370e— 18— Bull. 103 9 123

124 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

LITERATURE ON TERTIARY DECAPODS OF PANAMA.

BOUVIER, E. L. Calappa Zurcheri, Crabe nouveau des terrains mio-
cenes de Panama. Bull. Mns. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 5, 1899. pp.
189-192, 1 text-fig.

Calappa zurcheri is not represented in the United States Geological Survey
collections.

TOTJLA, FRANZ. Die jungtertiare Fauna von Gatun am Panama-
kanal. II. Teil. Jahrbuch der k. k. Geolog. Reichsanstalt.
Wien, vol. 61, 1911, pp. 487-530 (1-44), pis. 30, 31 (1, 2).

The herrnit-crab (Petrochirus) noted and figured by Toula (p. 511, pi. 30, fig.
13) I have ventured to describe as a new species, combining as it does the char-
acters of the two nearly related Recent species which inhabit opposite sides of
the continent. The " Krabbenscheren " of Toula (p. 512, pi. 30, fig. 14) are de-
scribed below as a species of Callianassa, C. toulai.

BROWN, AMOS P., and PILSBRY, HENRY A. Fauna of the Gatun For-
mation, Isthmus of Panama. II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, vol. 64, Dec. 1912 (publ. Jan. 30, 1913), pp. 500-519, pis.
22-26.

The author is indebted to Dr. H. A. Pilsbry for the loan of the specimens of
Callianassa in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences
which were described by Brown and Pilsbry. They have been critically com-
pared with those collected by the United States Geological Survey.

LIST OF STATIONS FROM WHICH MATERIAL HAS BEEN EXAMINED,
ARRANGED FROM THE EARLIEST TO THE LATEST, WITH THE
SPECIES FOUND AT EACH.

Station 6012a.* — Panama Canal Zone. One-quarter mile south of
Empire Bridge. From lower dark clay beneath lower conglomerate.
Culebra formation (lower part). Oligocene series. Collectors.
D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Balanus (Hesperi-
balanus?), species. Callianassa lacunosa Eathbun.

Station 6010. — Panama Canal Zone. Near Panama Canal Station
"1910," north of Pedro Miguel locks. From dark clay. Culebra
formation (lower part). Oligocene series. Collectors, D. F. Mac-
Donald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Mursia obscura Rathbun.

Specimens in Museum, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia.— Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gaillard Cut.
Lignitic layers about 65 feet below the base of Pecten bed at Tower
N. Culebra formation (central part). Oligocene series. Collector,
Prof. William B. Scott; 1911. Callianassa scotti Brown and Pils-
bry. Callianassa spinulosa Rathbun. Callianassa quadrata Rath-
bun.

1 The station numbers refer to the station book of Cenozoic Invertebrate fossils of th&
United States National Museum.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 125

Station 60191. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
iard Cut. Four feet of dark, stratified tuff and clay immediately
overlying the lower limestone bed. Culebra formation (upper part).
Oligocene series. Collectors, D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan ;
1911. Callianassa scotti Brown and Pilsbry. CalUnectes, species,
Panopeus, species.

Specimen in Musewm, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia.— Costa Rica. Probably Culebra formation. Oligocene series:
labeled "Miocene." Collector. W. M. Gabb. Callianassa scotti
Brown and Pilsbry.

Station 6019c. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. Gail-
lard Cut. Lower part of lime-cemented soft gray to olive-colored
limestone, with central parting of dark clay. The first hard, limy
sandstone bed above the lower limestone and just above 60196.
Culebra formation (upper part). Oligocene series. Collectors,
D. F. MacDonald and T. TV. Vaughan; 1911. - Callianassa vaughani
Rathbun (probably). Callianassa f, species. Hepatus, species.

Station 6019e. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. Third hard sandstone bed from bottom. Culebra forma-
tion (upper part). Oligocene series. Collectors, D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan ; 1911. Callianassa stridens Rathbun.

Station 6012c.— Panama Canal Zone. GaiUard Cut. Top part of
limy sandstone below upper conglomerate, near foot of stairs.
Culebra formation (upper part). Oligocene series. Collectors,
D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Natantia, family,
genus, and species indeterminable. Callianassa, species. CaUinectes^
species. Euryplax culebrensis Rathbun.

Station 6020a. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section,
Gaillard Cut. Lowest fossiliferous bed. Third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Culebra formation
(lower part of upper half). Oligocene series. Collectors, D. F.
MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Balanus (Hesperiba-
lanus?). sp. Axivs reticulatm Rathbun. Callianassa ovalis Rath-
bun. CaUianassa elongata Rathbun. Callianassa crassimana Rath-
bun. Callianassa spinulosa Rathbun. CaUianassa quadrata Rath-
bun. Callianassa abbreviata Rathbun. Callianassa magna Rath-
bun. Goniochele f armata Rathbun. Calappella quadrispina Rath-
bun. CalUnectes reticulatus Rathbun. Thaumastoplax prima Rath-
bun. Brachyrhyncha, family, genus, and two species indeterminable.

Station 6025.— Panama Canal Zone. About 200 yards south of
southern end of switch at Bohio Ridge station, relocated line Panama
Railroad. Foraminiferal marl and coarse sandstone. Culebra for-
mation (upper part). Oligocene series. Collectors, D. F. Mac-
Donald and T. W. Vaughan: 1911. Carpilius, species.

126 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Station 6019g. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. Fifth or topmost limestone. Emperador limestone. Oli-
gocene series. Collectors, D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan;
1911. Macrobrachium, species. Callianassa tenuis Rathbun. Mur-
sm macdonaldi Rathbun. Parthenope panamensis Rathbun.

Station 6003. — Panama Canal Zone. Gatun section A, bed A (bot-
tom, of section). Gatun formation (lower part). Miocene series.
Collector, D. F. MacDonald. Callianmxa crassa Rathbun.

Station 6029a. — Panama Canal Zone. One-fourth to one-half mile
beyond Camp Cotton toward Monte Lirio. From lowest horizon in
big cut. Gatun formation (lower part). Miocene series. Col-
lectors, D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Galluinassa
vaughani Rathbun.

Station G033b. — Panama Canal Zone. Gatun section. Upper part
of lowest bed. Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collectors, D. F.
MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan; 1911. Lepas injudicata Pilsbry.
! Gatunia proavita Rathbun.

Station 6030. — Panama Canal Zone. One and one-half to 2 miles
beyond Camp Cotton toward Monte Lirio. From 85-foot cut on
north side of big swamp on relocated line, P. R. R. Gatun formation.
Miocene series. Collectors, D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan:
1911. Balanus concavus rariseptatus Pilsbry. Callianassa vaughani
Rathbun Gatunia proamta Rathbun.

Station 5900. — Panama Canal Zone. Gatun Locks. Gatun forma-
tion. Miocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald; May, 1911:
Gatunia proavita Rathbun.

Catalogue No. 113706, U.S.N.M.— Panama Canal Zone. Near Ga-
tun. Gatun f ormation ( ? ) . Miocene series. Labeled "Miocene.-'
Collector, Rev. J. Rowell. Gatunia proavita Rathbun.

Station 5659. — Panama Canal Zone. Near Gatun Dam. Gatun
formation. Miocene series. Collector, one of the workmen ; shipped
by D. F. MacDonald; 1911. Gatunia proavita Rathbun.

Catalogue No. 135218, U.S.N.M.— Panama Canal Zone. Gatun
beds. Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, R. T. Hill.
Callianassa Jiilli Rathbun.

Catalogue No. 135219, U.S.N.M.— Panama Canal Zone. Gatun
beds. Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, R. T. Hill.
Mursilia ecristata Rathbun.

Station 5882k. — Costa Ricn. Banana River: tenth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent
to Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Euphylax fortis Rathbun.

Station 5882 j. — Costa Rica. Banana River; ninth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to
Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Euphylax callinectias Rathbun.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 127

Station 588%i. — Costa Kica. Banana River; eighth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent
to Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Callinectes declivis Rathbun.

Station 5882h. — Costa Rica. Banana River; seventh fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to
Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector. D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Leucosilia bananensis Rathbun.

Station 5882g. — Costa Rica. Banana River; sixth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to
Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector. D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Leucosilia bananensis Rathbun.

Station 588% f. — Costa Rica. Banana River: fifth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to
Gatun formation. Miocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald;
1911. Leucosilia bananensis Rathbun.

Catalogue No. 321$87, U.S.N.M.—Cost& Rica. Moin Hill, near
Limon. Probably equivalent to Gatun formation. Miocene series.
Collector, H. Pittier. Callianassa moinensis Rathbun.

Station oSSJfd. — Costa Rica. Moin Hill; third fossiliferous zone
below the uppermost; just above level of the rails in railway cut.
Probably equivalent to Gatun formation. Miocene series. Col-
lector, D. F. MacDonald; 1911. Callianassa moinensis Rathbun.

Station 5906a. — Panama Canal Zone. Chagres River, 50 to 75 feet
below those of (17c) "5905" in lighter colored limestone according
to incomplete evidence. Pliocene series. Collector, D. F. Mac-
Donald; May, 1911. Balanus glyptopoma Pilsbry.

Station 5903. — Panama Canal Zone. From across Chagres River
and probably 220 to 225 feet above level of river, top of hill opposite
Alhajuela. Gray tufaceous limestone. Pliocene series. Collector.
D. F. MacDonald; May, 1911. Balanus glyptopoma Pilsbry.

Station 4269. — Costa Rica. City of Port Limon. Port Limon
formation. Pliocene series. Collector, Dr. L. A. Wailes. Pa-
chycheles lotus Rathbun. Petrolisthes avitus Rathbun. Calappa
costaricana Rathbun. Heteractaea lunata (Milne Edwards and
Lucas). Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille.

Station 5886. — Mexico. From the Sayula District of Chiapas.
On the Arroyo Chapapoapam. Pliocene series. Collectors, Dr.
C. W. Hayes and others, 1911. Balanus glyptopoma Pilsbry.

Station 6038. — Panama Canal Zone. From black mud from lower
end of Gatun Locks. Pleistocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDon-
ald; 1911. Balanus eburneus Gould.

128 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Station 5867. — Panama Canal Zone. From dark mud formation,
about 10 feet above present sea level, near lower end of Gatun Locks.
Pleistocene series. Collector, D. F. MacDonald; April, 1911. Ba-
lanus eburneus Gould.

Station 5868. — Panama Canal Zone. From Mount Hope. Swamp
ditch. Black mud formation. Pleistocene series. Collector, D. F.
MacDonald; April, 1911. Balanug eburneus Gould.

Station 5850. — Panama Canal Zone. Near Mount Hope in ditch
through swampy ground. About one-fourth mile from present sea
beach and about 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series.
Collector. D. F. MacDonald; April, 1911. Macrobrachium?, species.
Nephrops costatm Rathbun. Nephrops, species. Axiusf, species.
Hcpatus chiliensis Milne Edwards. Calappa flammea (Herbst).
Leucosilia jurinei (Saussure). Leucosiidae, genus and species inde-
terminable. Arenaeus, species. Panopeus antepurpureus Rathbun.
Panopeus tridentatus Rathbun. Eurytium crenulatum Rathbun.
Uca maorodactylus (Milne Edwards and Lucas). Parthenope pleix-
tocenica Rathbun.

In the following table the Cirripedia (see pp. 185-188) are in-
cluded with the Decapoda. The letter "n" after a name in the first
column indicates a new species or a new genus. The numerical head-
ings refer to the same stations as in the above list but are arranged
serially instead of chronologically.

GEOLOGY AXD PAUEOXTOLOGY OF THE CAXJLL ZQXE. 129

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130 BULLETIN 108, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

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GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 131

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.

Subclass MALACOSTRACA.

Order DECAPODA.
Suborder NATANTIA.

Family, genus, and species indeterminable.
Plate 57, fig. 1.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Top part of limy sandstone below
upper conglomerate, near foot of stairs, Gaillard Cut. Upper part
of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and
T. W. Yaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6012c. Cat. No. 324267.
U.S.N.M.

Material. — One specimen showing three segments from the pleon
of a shrimp. Pleon compressed laterally. Each of the two overlap-
ping segments has the posterior angle produced backward in a
rounded lobe of moderate size.

Family PALAEMONIDAE.

MACROBRACHIUM, .pecie..
Plate 57. figs. 4 and 5.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gaillard
Cut. From fifth or topmost limestone. Emperador limestone. Oli-
gocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Yaughan. collectors,
1911. Station 6019^. Cat. Xo. 324256, U.S.N.M.

Material. — One propodus of left cheliped, minus finger. Slightly
compressed, subcylindrical. Some of the outer crust is lacking, but
in general, the segment widens rapidly for the proximal two-fifths,
then widens gradually at the middle, but not at all in the distal two-
fifths. There is no shallow sinus in the lower margin behind the
finger, as in M. jamaicense* M. acanthurus panamense2 and others;
neither is the palm like that of M. mexicanum? which is not at all
convex below, and has subparallel margins.

The specimen resembles Macrobrachium, more than it does any
marine genus now existing in Panamian waters.

i Cancer (Autocue) jamaiccn*i* Herbst, Xatur. Krabben u. Krebsc. vol. 2. 1792, p. 57.
pi. 27, flg. 2.

1 Rathbun, in Smlthson. Misc. Coll., TO!. 59, Xo. 13, 1912, p. 1.

3 Palaemon mcricanus Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, vol. 14, 1858.
p. 468 [52], pi. 4, flg*. 27, 27c.

132 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Measurements. — Length of palm, 13 mm. ; width, 4.3 mm. ; thick-
ness, 3.7 mm.

MACROBRACHIUM?, species.

Plate 57, fig. 9.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in ditch
through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from present sea
beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850. Cat. No. 324248,
U.S.N.M.

Material. — One segment (perhaps the carpus) of the second or
krge pair of chelipeds, probably the left one. Subcylinclrical, en-
larging gradually to the distal end, slightly curved, a longitudinal
fow of 5 low conical spines irregularly spaced.

Measurements. — Length, 9.5 mm. ; diameter, 1.7 mm.

Suborder REPTANTIA.

Tribe ASTACURA.

Family HOMARIDAE.

NEPHROPS COSTATUS, new species.

Plate 57, figs. 13-17.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in
ditch through swampy ground. About one-qnarter mile from present
sea beach. 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F.
MacDonald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850.

Types.— Cat. No. 324246, U.S.N.M.

Material.— Three dactyl i of left cheliped, one of which is fairly
complete and is taken as the holotype ; the other specimens show
only the distal half or two-thirds. A fourth specimen (distal half
only) represents a fixed finger perhaps and if so belongs on the left
side.

Holotype. — Length 9.5 mm. In dorsal view the inner or right mar-
gin is sinuous, the tip curved strongty inward; viewed from the
inside, both edges are sinuous, curving downward toward the tip.
Upper and lower surfaces a little flattened. Five longitudinal
costae, 2 dorsal,. 2 ventral, 1 inner; each costa marked by a line of
fine granules, with a row of punctae adjacent. On the proximal half

GEOLOGY AXD PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CAXAL ZOXX. 133

there is some intercostal granulation. Prehensile edge armed with
fine teeth and divided into 3 sinuses separated by 2 large teeth; the
distal of these has its distal edge normal and its proximal edge
oblique to the margin of the dactylus : the top of the other large tooth
is broken off; the terminal bay has a somewhat enlarged, but still
small, tooth at its middle.

Paratypes.—{a) Distal half of dactrlus. but with small tip lack-
ing, same width as holotype; terminal sinus same length but more
curved, so that the distal border of the boundary tooth is shorter:
middle sinus half as long, nondentate, next boundary tooth broader
than in holotype.

(6) Dactylus with proximal end lacking, same width as holotype,
costae more rounded, terminal sinus a little shorter, boundary tooth
with end missing, enlarged middle tooth better developed than in
holotype. pointing obliquely distad; middle sinus longer, boundary
tooth broken.

(c) Propodal (!) finger broader than the others, showing one
sinus nearly equal to 2 sinuses of the holotype and limited by a large
tooth with nearly equal sides.

I have placed this species in Xephropg on account of the ribbed
fingers irregularly toothed. The variations in the dactyl may repre-
sent either individual or sexual variation.

XEPHROI'S. ^eocs.

Plate 57. fi?;. 25 and 26.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in ditch

through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from present sea

beach. 6 to 8 feet above high tidt-. Pleistocene aeries. D. F. Mac-

" Donald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850. Cat. Xo. 3-2424?,

UJSL30I.

Material. — Dactylus of right cheliped, 12 mm. long; distal half
moderately curved toward the propodal finger, but the whole finger
strongly curved downward: 6 strong, longitudinal costae, 3 dorsal.
1 marginal, 2 ventral: about 9 linos of pnnctae: the prehensile teeth.
36 in all, are larger and more projecting in that two-fifths of the
margin just posterior to the middle.

After the above description was written the proximal half of the
specimen was accidentally crushed and destroyed.

Although the dactylus is much more curved than in any species of
Nepkrops, yet its ornamentation is so similar to that of the preced-
ing species, N. eostatus. that it is referred to the same genus.

134 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Tribe ANOMURA.

Super-family GALATHEIDEA.

Family PORCELLANIDAE.

PACHYCHELES LATUS, new species.

Plate 57, figs. 21-23.

Type-locality. — Costa Rica; Port Limon. Pliocene series. Dr.
L. A. Wailes, collector. Station 4269. Holotype, left manus with
propodal finger; inner proximal corner of manus broken off. Para-
type, left manus, with both fingers; proximal portion of manus
broken off.

Type.— Cut No. 324264, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Width of palm, 4.6 mm. ; length of same to sinus,
5.1 mm. ; length to end of finger, 6.7 mm. ; greatest thickness, 2.3 mm.

Holotype. — Outer and inner margins thick and strongly curved
in dorsal view; upper surface covered with granules crowded to-
gether and of varying size ; the granules aTe continued on the outer
surface and a little way on the undor surface ; they are then replaced
by squamiform granules and short rugae which are continued over
the inner surface. There are no marginal lines indicated. At the
distal end, the width from the articulating condyle to the inner angle
is nearly as great as to the outer margin. The fixed finger is short
and stout, width subequal to length; a bit of the tip is, however,
missing; a low tooth occupies the greater part of the basal half of
the prehensile edge.

Paratype. — Smaller than the holotype and much worn so that the
granulation is not well marked. Tooth at base of immovable finger-
minute. Movable finger very short and broad, granulate, with a
basal prehensile tooth, its surface granulate.

In general shape and granulation, this form resembles the manus
of the Recent P. grossi?nanus (Guerin) from Peru and Chile, but in
the latter the outer margin is paved with larger granules forming a
definite edge, and the propodal finger is longer and more curved.

PETROLISTHES AVITUS, new species.

1'late 57, ii^s. 18-20.

Type-locality. — Costa Rica : Port Limon. Pliocene series. Dr.
L. A. Wailes, collector. Station 4269.

Type.— Cat No. 324266, U.S.N.M.

Holotype. — Palm of left cheliped, showing the greater part of the
upper and lower surfaces including the inner margin and the distal

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 135

articulating edge of the lower surface. Outer edge, proximal end,
and finger missing. Upper surface covered with coarse granulated
striae of very different lengths, varying from 1 to 10 or 12 granules,
and arranged obliquely longitudinally. Lower surface covered with
curved, wavy and punctate striae starting almost at right angles with
the inner margin, curving slightly forward and then abruptly back-
ward ; so that the greater part is more longitudinal than transverse ;
the striae are somewhat subdivided and followed outwardly by
shorter striae : at the inner end they terminate abruptly, so that from
above they have the appearance of 13 truncated shallow teeth.
Length 5.2 mm.

This manus resembles that of two common recent species, P.
armatus (Gibbes)1, and P. galatMnus (Bosc)1, both found on the At-
lantic a.s well as on the Pacific side of the continent. The upper
surface of the palm is similar in P. armatus, that is, it is ornamented
with short, irregular striae, which are, however, parallel to the inner
margin, while in the fossil form they diverge proximally from the
margin. The lower surface of /'. avitus, on the other hand, resembles
more closely that of P. galathinu*, but in the latter, the striae trend
more strongly forward on leaving the inner margin, and that margin
itself is not formed of such strongly marked teeth.

Superfamdly THALASSINIDEA.
Family AXIIDAE.

AXIUS RETICULATUS, new .peties.
Plate 57, figs. 2 and 3.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed. Third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors, lyil. Station 60200.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 324260, U.S.X.M. Left propodus of first
pereiopod, embedded in a nodule and showing the finger and the
greater part of the palm, except the proximal end and the distal
upper corner. An impression of the same is shown in another piece
of the nodule. The segment as uncovered is 14.3 mm. long, greatest
height 5 mm., length of finger 7 mm. The palm is greatly swollen
and at the top rounds over into a broad upper surface about 2.4 mm.
in width. The shell is considerably cracked and in life may not have
been as thick as it appears. The lower margin is sinuous, forming a
bay at about the distal third of the palm; so far as the edge is pre-
served it is formed of small bead granules. The outer and upper
surface is ornamented with granules irregular in size and disposi-

1 PorceUana armata Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Scl., vol. 3, 1850, p. 190.
* Porcellana fjalatfiina P.o?c. Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802, p. 233, pi. 6, fig. 2.

136 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

tion, larger and thicker on the distal part midway between upper
and lower margins, elsewhere smaller and to a large extent forming a
reticulate pattern ; proximally on the upper part of the outer surface
the raised reticulate lines are smooth, or non-granulate.

The outer surface of the finger is rather regularly tapering, the
lower margin directed slightly upward, the superior margin nearly
straight; surface smooth; finger thick, the upper surface oblique or
beveled; traces of fine teeth are visible on the prehensile edge.

AXIUS?, species.

Plate 57, fig. 10.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope, in ditch
through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from present sea
beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850. Cat. No. 324250,
U.S.N.M.

Material. — A single movable spine, 6.7 mm. long, with the tip
broken off, resembles the styloid scaphocerite or movable acicle of the
outer antenna of some species of Axius. The spine is somewhat
3-angled, the most acute edge being dorsal, the two blunt edges being
nearer together and ventral. There are a few punctae : 4 large ones
in a row on the ventral surface; 2 large, external, far apart, just
below the upper margin; 4 small ones, internal, 3 of which form a
triangle near the middle, while the other is nearer the distal end.

Family CALLIANASSIDAE.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALLIANASSA HERB DESCRIBED.

The material is insufficient to distinguish between the larger and
the smaller chela of the same pair, which also may vary in shape and
size in the two sexes.
A1. Manus and carpus meeting in an oblique line.

B1. Lower margin of nianus serrated ovalis, p. 137

B2. Lower margin of nianus smooth lacunosa, p. 138

A'. Manus and carpus meeting in a vertical line.

B1. Lower margin of manus directed forward and upward, at least in part.
Cl. Palmar portion of manus distinctly longer than high.
D1. Palm compressed.

E1. Palm elongate; margins strongly convergent elongata, p. 131>

E1. Palm less elongate; margins moderately convergent scotti, p. 140

D2. Palm swollen moinensis, p. 142

C2. Palmar portion of manus about as long as high, or shorter. Upper
margin of manus directed forward and downward toward the lower
margin.

D1. Immovable finger very thin, a cross-section near its base being more
than twice as long as wide. A strong tooth in the sinus between the

fingers or on the base of the immovable finger splmdosa, p. 143

D*. Immovable finger thicker, a cross section near its base being less
than twice as long as wide. A tooth in the sinus between the fingers
but near the base of the dactylus tennis, p. 144

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 137

Aa. Manas and carpus meeting in a vertical line— Continued.
B2. Lower margin of manus directed straight forward or nearly so; ihat is,

at right angles to its proximal margin.

C*. Upper margin of manns snbparallel to lower margin. No tooth in
sinus between fingers. Carpus much higher than long.

D1. Lower margin serrulate 911 o<f rate, p. 145

D*. Lower margin granulate tonJai,p.l46

C*. Upper margin of manus directed forward and downward toward lower

margin. .

D*. A large tooth in sinus between fingers and situated on base of im-

*, P- 147

0*. A small tooth in sinus between fingers, and situated near movable
finger. Carpus very little, if at all, higher than long __ JkiHi.p. 148
D*. No tooth in sinus between fingers. Fingers long and strong.

B*. Lower margin of manns unknown. A stridulating ridge near the hori-
zontal upper margin __________________________ *f ridems, p. 151

A*. Meeting of manus and carpus unknown.

B1. Immovable finger slender. Distal articulating edge of manus crenulate
and very oblique -------------------------------- fra*3n»ajui, p. 141

B*. Only the dactylns known.

C1. Dactylns of large sue. Cross section at base subcylindricaL Pre-
hensile edge thin ________________________________ magna, p. 151

C*. Dactylns half as long as preceding, more compressed. Prehensile
edge thicker ----------------------- crassa, p. 152

The 2 Callianassas to which specific names are not given are ex-
cluded from the above key.

CALUAKASSA OVALIS, mew ijrriri

Plate 59, figs. 1-4.

Type-locaKty. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. Grail-
lard Cot. From lowest fossilif erous bed, third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Yaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 602Qa. Holotype
and one paratype. Cat. Ko. 324269, U.S.X.M.

Holotype. — A left chela with wrist and arm attached, and enclosed
in a nodule which is split in two. The specimen had been crushed,
and the half nodule containing the impression shows also small
pieces of the cheliped itself. Wrist and manus together oblong-
oval: line between them oblique; upper and lower margins of manus
slightly convex: greatest width about equal to the upper length;
from the widest point, the lower margin of the propodus slants
upward. Fingers directed straight forward and of subeqnal length.
Immovable finger an isosceles triangle, the base of which is two-
thirds as long as either side; end blunt; cutting edge with a shallow
triangular tooth at the proximal two-fifths. Movable finger sub-
oblong. end broad, cutting edge with a broad, shallow, rounded tooth

138 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

near the base. The merus appears to be about twice as long as high
and is dilated at the middle.

Measurements. — Length of carpus and propodus, measured from
lowest point of articulation with merus to end of propodal ringer,
20.5 mm.; proximal width of propodus (approx.), 9.4 mm.: greatest
width of same, 10 mm. ; distal width of same, 8.7 mm. ; superior
length of same, 10.2 mm. ; inferior length of same, 13.2 mm. ; length
of propodal finger measured on cutting edge. 5.7 mm.; length of
dactylus, 5.7 mm.

Paratype. — (a) Left manus with part of the fixed finger, em-
bedded in a nodule and exposing the outer surface. Larger than
holotype. The lower margin of the manus has blunt serrations
resembling the stumps of spines; above the margin is a row of five
distant punctae; at the distal end there are two rows of granules
leading toward the upper part of the fixed finger.

Paratype. — (b) Carpus of left cheliped embedded in a nodule and
imprint of same, showing the distal and upper margins and a large
part of the outer surface. The distal margin is oblique and concave
and has a little rounded lobe at each end ; the upper margin is arcuate
and has a submarginal groove.

CALLIANASSA LACUNOSA, new gpecies.
Plate 59. lijrs. 6-11.

Type-locality. — One-quarter mile south of Empire Bridge, Canal
Zone, Panama; from lower dark clay beneath lower conglomerate.
Lower part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 60120, Two
specimens, each a left propodus of the first cheliped. Cat. No.
324278, U.S.N.M.

Holotype. — The palmar portion of a propodus, the fixed finger
broken off near its base ; the propodus is incomplete near the dactylus
and also at the proximal end; this end is, however, fairly complete
on the inner surface, so that the measurements may be stated with
approximate accuracy. Length, at the level of the sinus between
the fingers, 16 mm. ; greatest height, 15.6 mm. ; least height, 15.2 mm. ;
thickness, 6.6 mm. The upper margin is a little arched, the lower
nearly straight; they converge a little distally; they are very thin;
the top of this thin edge along the upper margin is set with oblong
tubercles, dorsal in position; the lower edge is smooth. The outer
surface has a row of 6 pits a little above the edge and fairly evenly
spaced ; they have a raised edge and are distally inclined, indicating
that they were sockets for hairs or bristles; 3 similar pits far apart
are close up under the upper margin; of the few scattered pits, 3
form a triangle at the distal end, the one near the base of the fixed

GEOLOGY AXD PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 139

finger being the largest; there is also a medium-sized pit a little
below the middle, while 3 small ones are visible near the proximal
end. A prominent blunt ridge runs from near the top of the fixed
finger obliquely backward and upward for a short distance on the
palm: near this ridge, but chiefly above it, and partly behind it,
there is a patch of low tubercles, mostly oblong but very irregular
in shape and size. On the inner surface there is a row of 8 sockets
a little distance below the thin, upper, marginal rim; these sockets,
while of good size, have very narrow, perpendicular openings. Above
the lower margin there is a row of 12 sockets; this row distally ap-
proaches close to the edge, while the sockets themselves become larger
and farther apart; they are very oblique to the margin and are
almost more distal than lateral in their inclination. These 2 rows
of sockets on the inner surface are more prominent than any others;
below the middle there are 10 or 12 scattered sockets mostly small;
near the middle there is a patch of tubercles, somewhat masked by
a thin layer of adhering matrix. On the inner surface there is a
blunt ridge leading back from the finger similarly placed to that on
the outer surface, but lower and wider. The finger is slender, judging
from the section at its base.

Paratype. — This propodus shows the outline of the proximal end,
but the distal end is broken off and not a vestige of the finger remains.
The size is less than in the holotype : length, at the level of the sinus
between the fingers, 10.3 mm.; greatest height, 11.4 mm.; least
height, 10 mm.; thickness, 5.2 mm. The margins are more con-
vergent than in the holotype and the palm is relatively shorter. The
upper as well as the lower edge is almost smooth. On the outer sur-
face the sockets in the upper submarginal row are 4, as there is an
additional one visible at the proximal end; the sockets of the lower
row are fewer and more distant than in the larger specimen, as only
5 can be detected: of the scattered sockets, 3 form a distal triangle,
while 10 or 12 small ones are disposed transversely near the proximal
end : the protuberances above the oblique ridge leading from the fixed
finger consist of a few small granules. On the inner surface, a
row of 8 submarginal sockets above, as in the holotype; near the
lower margin only 10 sockets can be counted, because the dtstal
corner is broken away ; scattered sockets 16 or 18, below the middle ;
a few granules close to the sinus between the digits.

CALLIANASSA ELONGATA. new species.
Plate 60. figs. 4-6.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section,
Gaillard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed, third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
S370°— 18— Bull. 103 10

140 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020a.

Holotype.—Csit. No. 324271, U.S.N.M. A left manus, with base
of immovable finger attached; this shows all of the outer surface,
except the margin bordering the dactylus; nearly the whole of the
inner surface is concealed by the matrix. The upper margin is nearly
straight throughout its length, and is bluntly angled ; lower margin
very sinuous, the manus being very much deeper in its proximal
than its distal half, edge serrulate or spinulous throughout its length ;
proximal edge vertical, nearly as long as upper margin. On the
outer surface there is a group of granules at the distal two-sevenths
and just below the middle; there is a curved row of granules near
the sinus, which is continued upon the propodal finger near its upper
edge; 6 granules in all are visible. Finger very slender, inclined
downward. The dactylus must have been very stout, and the adja-
cent edge of the manus very oblique, but it is now incomplete.

Measurements. — Superior length of manus (approx.), 15.7 mm.;
length to sinus, 20.4 mm. ; greatest height, 16.2 mm. : proximal height
(approx.), 15.1 mm.; distal height, 12.4 mm.

CALLIANASSA SCOTTI Brown and Pilsbry.

Plate 60, figs. 9-12.

Callianassa scotti BROWN and PILSBRY (part), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sri. Phil;).,
vol. 64, 1913, p. 503, pi. 22, figs. 1 and 3 (not fig. 2).

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From the 4 feet of dark strati-
fied tuff and clay immediately overlying the lower limestone bed.
Las Cascadas section. Upper part of Culebra formation. Oligo-
cene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911.
Station 60195. Cat. No. 324279, U.S.N.M.

Material. — A left manus, removed from the matrix, and incom-
plete at the proximal end. Outer surface very convex from upper to
lower margin; upper margin straight, with a blunt marginal line:
lower edge acute and serrulate with fine appressed teeth or spines,
inclined upward toward the base of the finger, then downward:
three granules or tubercles in a curved row just outside the edge of
the sinus between the fingers. The cross section of the finger near
its base is very small, in relation to the manus. Inner surface
slightly convex, from upper to lower edge, and with a depression on
either side of the base of the fixed finger; numerous granules near
the distal end, some arranged in a curved band between the two
fingers.

Measurements. — Greatest height of manus, 25.2 mm. ; least height
of same, 23.3 mm. ; length of same to digital sinus, 24.6 mm. ; thickness

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 141

of same, 10.9 mm. ; greatest diameter of fixed finger near its base,
f>.5 mm. ; least diameter of same, 4.2 mm.

Holotype and paratypes. — In the material included by Mr. Brown
and Dr. Pilsbry under C. scottl are specimens of three species; two
of these species were figured with the original description ; the larger
species illustrated l by figures 1 and 3, plate 22, is chosen to bear the
name scotti, and the original of figure 1 may be designated as the
type-specimen, as it is free from the matrix and shows more of the
characteristic granulation than does the original of figure 3, which
is furnished with a propodal finger, but is half embedded in a matrix.
It also shows, although roughly, a row of 5 pits on the upper margin ;
this row, however, slopes downward a little distally on to the inner
surface. The greatest height of the type is 27 mm., length at level of
sinus between fingers, 28 mm.

Still a third specimen, also a left manus, was taken at the same
place ; the surface is much worn, but the proximal angles are well de-
fined. The type-locality is in the lignitic layers, about 65 feet below
the base of the Pecten bed at Tower N.. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut; Prof. W. B. Scott, collector, 1911. Type, Cat. No. 2259,
Mus. Acad. Xat. Sci., Philadelphia.

The hand mentioned by Brown and Pilsbry,2 as collected by W. M.
Gabb in Costa Rica, apparently belongs to C. scotti. It shows well
the upper marginal row of pits, numbering 7, which drops distally
on to the inner surface. The specimen is labeled "Miocene." Cat.
Xo. 2255, Mus. Acad. Xat. Sci., Philadelphia.

CALLIANASSA CRASSIMANA, new species.
Plate 61, figs. 15-17.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed, third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 60200.

Measurements. — Distal height of palm, 22 mm. ; thickness of palm,
at least 7.7 mm. ; length of crenulated lobe bordering dactylus, 10.2
mm.; upper length of dactylus (tip broken off), 18 mm.; greater
diameter at the break near the tip, 1.7 mm. ; lesser diameter at same
point, 1.3 mm. ; greater diameter at a break about middle of finger,
3.8 mm. ; lesser diameter at same point, 2.8 mm.

Holotype.— Cat. Xo. 324273, U.S.X.M. A portion of the distal end
of the left manus with the propodal finger attached ; embedded in a
nodule. This must have been a very large specimen. The oblique

1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sic., Phlla., vol. 64, 1913, p. 503 » Idem, p. 504.

142 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

margin of the lobe of the maims which overlapped the dactylus is
very oblique and is straight and deeply crenulated with about 16
crenules; the length of the lobe is as great as the distance across the
adjoining sinus and the propodal finger. This sinus is very deep
and proximally subtruncate. The immovable finger is very narrow in
relation to the size of the palm; it is slightly compressed, and bends
upward; on the inner surface just within the lower margin there is
a row of punctae: on the outer face there are 3 larger spots, 2 near
the lower margin and one near the sinus, which may be sockets lor
setae. A tubercle on the outer surface just behind the sinus. The
inner surface of the manus is deeply channeled out near the sinus
between the fingers.

The holotype is in two pieces, as the immovable finger is broken in
two, the distal portion embedded in that half of the nodule which
bears the imprint of the remainder of the holotype.

This species is very near C. scotti, but has a larger sinus between
the fingers, a longer propodal finger, and a shallower sinus in the
lower margin of the manus just behind the finger.

CALLIANASSA MOINENSIS, new species.

Plate 60, figs. 1-3.

Type-locality. — Moin Hill, near Limon, Costa Rica. Probably
equivalent to Gatun formation. Miocene series. H. Pittier, collector.
Propodus of right cheliped, and an impression of half a finger.

Measurements. — Length (approx.) of manus, to sinus between
fingers, 9 mm. ; height of same, 7 mm. ; thickness of same, 4.7 mm. ;
length of immovable finger (tip broken off). 8.6 mm.

Holotype.— Cat. No. 324287, U.S.N.M. Palm much swollen, cross
section ovate, lower margin viewed from the side very arcuate, upper
margin slightly so. The surface has almost entirely lost the outer
white layer, but the next layer is gra}r and is crossed transversely by
many very short rugae, which are strongest on the lowest part of the
outer surface. There is a distinct line below dividing the inner from
the outer surface and marked by an irregular row of very fine
punctae. On the inner surface considerably below the upper margin
there is a row of large punctae.

The immovable finger is slender, bent downward and curved
inward. It has 7 more or less defined ridges, the bluntest of which
is the most inferior; either side of the ridge representing the pre-
hensile edge there is a granular ridge, the outer of which is less
elevated ; in addition, there are 2 ridges on the outer surface and one
on the inner; near each ridge there is a row of fine punctae. Pre-
hensile edge armed with small irregular teeth. There is an unusually
deep furrow above the principal ridge on the inner surface.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE, CANAL ZONE. 143

Paratype (a).— Cat No. 324287. U.S.XJL On a small piece of
crumbling rock there is an impression of the distal half of a finger,
but not the finger of the holotype. The impression has a similar
curvature and 3 rows of punctae are present.

Paratype (6).— Cat No. 324288, U.S.NJL Moin Hill, Costa Rica ;
third fossiliferous zone below the uppermost : just below level of rails
in railway cut Probably equivalent to Gatun formation. Oligccene
period. D. F. MacDonald, 1911. Station 5884J. A right propodus
without finger, similar in size to the holotype and corresponding in
its characters.

CALLIAXASSA SPIKULOSA, mew specie*.

Plate GL figs. 6-9.

Callianassa »cotti Pttsarr (part), Proc. Acad. Xat. ScL Phila., voL 64, 1913,
p. 503 (not pL 22, figs. 1-3).

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut From lowest fossiliferous bed, third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and
T. W. Yaughan, collectors. 191L Station 6020o.

Holotype.— Cat No. 324272, U.S.X3L Left propodus which was
encased in a nodule ; the manus has been removed except the proximal
part of the outer surface; of the propodal finger only the impression
remains. Length of manus less than greatest height; the upper and
lower margins converge distally, the upper margin convex, the lower
sinuous. Outer surface very convex in a vertical direction, having
a few scattered granules, also a short vertical line of 3 granules near
the upper distal corner, a row of 6 distant granules just above the
lower margin, and a sharp grannie near the sinus. The lower margin
is very thin and serrated: between the serrations are the truncated
bases of movable spines; 9 such spines remain. Upper edge bluntly
margined. Inner surface convex except near the inferior and distal
margins : a row of 3 granules on the middle line. 2 above the base of
the propodus, 2 parallel to the lower margin, and many small granules
just above that margin. An obliquely longitudinal line of pits below
the upper margin.

The propodal finger is very much smaller than the dactylus and
thin: a cross section near its base is somewhat diamond-shaped, the
impression of the thumb (viewed sideways) is subtriangular. end
curved upward : prehensile edge concave ; at its base in the sinus be-
tween the fingers there is a short but strong curved tooth; on both
outer and inner surfaces of the thumb, leading down from the palm,
there is an oblique ridge.

Measurements. — Length of propodus to end of finger (approx.),
22.4 mm. ; length of manus, measured on the inner side, to sinus, 14.7

144 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

mm.; greatest height (proximally), 15.3 mm.; least height (distally),
13.3 mm.

Paratypes. — (a) One left propodus with about half of the fixed
finger attached was taken in the lignitic layers, about 65 feet below
the base of the Pecten bed at Tower N., Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut; central part of Culebra formation, Oligocene series; Prof.
W. B. Scott, collector; 1911 (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).
The specimen is half embedded in a nodule which conceals the inner
surface and the upper part of the outer surface. It is nearly as large
• as the type. It shows the large tooth at the proximal end of the pre-
hensile edge of the fixed finger, the tubercle on the outer surface near
the sinus between the fingers, and roughly, the ornamentation on the
lower edge of the palm.

(b) From the same source, a similar left propodus half embedded
in a nodule but so as to expose the inner surface and the upper edge ;
it shows the characteristic row of pits on the inner surface just belowr
the upper edge, the row sloping downward distally.

(c) Also a third specimen, free from the matrix but with the edges
broken ; it shows the palmar ridge leading to the fixed finger and the
basal tooth on the edge of the latter.

CALLIANASSA TENUIS, new species.

Plate 60, figs. 13 and 14.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. From fifth or topmost limestone. Emperador limestone.
Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors,
1911. Station 6019^.

ffolotype.—Csit. No. 324282, U.S.N.M. Left manus with propodal
linger broken off, segment shorter than its greatest height, in general
subrectangular, with upper and lower margins converging distally;
outer surface very convex from top to bottom; upper and lower
edges marginate, the lower one very thin; inner surface convex ex-
cept near the bottom where it is flat, at the proximal end where there
is a furrow parallel with the articulation, and near the distal sinus
where there is a depression. The propodal finger is very much
smaller than the dactylus, and its cross section is suboval with
pointed ends ; the sinus is about as wide as the thumb ; it bears, close
up to the insertion of the dactylus and on the edge of the outer sur-
face, pointing forward, a short, broadly triangular spine. Surfaces
much worn, so that it is difficult to tell Avhether unevennesses are
natural or not.

Measurements. — Length of mantis, measured to sinus, 11.4 mm.;
greatest height, 13 mm. ; distal height, 10.3 mm. ; thickness, 5.3 mm.

GEOLOGY AXD PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 145

CALLIAS ASSA QUADRAT A. mew •jrrirt

Plate 62, figs. 4-14.

Calliana**a scotti BBOVVX and PILSBBY (part), Proc. Acad. Nat. Set Phila..
voL 64, 1913, p. 503, pL 22, fig. 2 (not figs. 1 and 3).

Represented by 2 specimens of the left manus from which the
propodal finger has been broken off. The smaller one is used as
the type, as it is the better preserved.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferoiis bed, third bed., below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020o. Holotype
and paratype. Cat. No. 324275, U-S.N M.

Measurement* (in mm.). —

Holotype. Paratype.

Height of manus near middle 13.3 15.3

Length of manus measured to sinus 12. 8 15. 7

Thickness of manus a 2 7.5

Holotype. — Hand squarish, with the corners rounded off. The
upper and lower margins are subparallel. the upper slightly arched,
the lower with a shallow distal sinus. Distal margin, at the articula-
tion with the dactylus, nearly vertical. Outer surface slightly con-
vex in a longitudinal direction, strongly convex vertically, furrowed
at the distal end across the middle third: inner surface moderately
convex except at the distal and lower portions, where it is concave :
there is a groove just above the lower margin which widens as it ap-
proaches the finger. Lower margin serrulate : upper margin bluntly
angled except in the distal third, where it is rounded: just within
this margin there is a row of sockets of which 3 can be made out.
On the outer surface near the sinus between the fingers there is a
tubercle and near the carpus 3 granules far apart in a vertical row:
on the inner surface there is a row of granules, running almost longi-
tudinally near the middle and thence downwards toward the sulcus
between the fingers; 2 tubercles near the articulation with the dac-
tylus. Propodal finger narrow, much compressed, subtriangular at
the base in cross section, with the small end of the triangle down.
Base of dactylus very large.

Paratype (a).— Larger than the type: upper margin straighter:
the tubercle on the outer surface near the sinus is of good size; on
the inner surface near the middle there are numerous grannies instead
of the single row in the holotype: 2 tubercles near the dactylus.

Doubtful specimen.— A. single specimen of a left carpus, from the
same locality as the types may belong to the same species. The
inner surface is mostly concealed by the matrix. Outer surface

146 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

very convex from the upper to the lower margin ; convexity akin to
that of the manus of this species, which is the reason for placing
the carpus here rather than with Callianassa elongata or any other
species occurring at the same locality. Carpus about If times as
high as its greatest width, which is in the upper part; the angle
formed by the superior and the distal margins is a little less than a
right angle; superior margin straight; distal angle projecting above
the articulation with the manus. The inferior distal angle projects
even more below the articulation; the angle is obtuse; from it the
margin rounds downward and then upward in a single curve; the
lowermost part is finely serrate.

Measurements. — Height of carpus, between distal angles, 18.3
mm. ; greatest height, 18.8 mm. ; greatest width, 12.8 mm. : width on
upper margin, 12 mm. ; greatest width below the articulation with the
merus, 11.8 mm.

Four specimens before me from the collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia belong to this species; they are one
right and three left chelae and form part of the material referred by
Brown and Pilsbry to their C. scotti. (Paratype b) One left chela
is that figured on plate 22, fig. 2.1 All are larger than the type ma-
terial described above, but so far as their characters are preserved
they agree in essentials with the type. (Paratype c) The right chela
(the largest specimen) its about 23 mm. long by 21.2 mm. wide, and
possesses a longer piece of the propodal finger than the other speci-
mens; the exposed cross section of the finger is oval. (Paratype d)
The shortest of the left chelae has a large part of the outer layer pre-
served on the infero-distal and inferior surface, where it is covered
with granules, arranged without regularity except for a row on the
outer surface parallel and close to the lower edge. This row is not
visible in my figure 14, plate 62. The longest of the left chelae
(Paratype e) is about 24 mm. by 19 mm., that is, considerably nar-
rower than (c).

CALLIANASSA TOULAI, new species.

" Krabbenscheren " TOULA, Jahrb. der k. k. Geolog. Reichsanstalt, vol. 61,
1911, p. 512 [26], pi. 30 [1], fig. 14.

Founded on two chelae, one with palm 20.6 mm. long, 16.5 mm.
wide, the other (without movable finger) with palm 9.4 mm. long,
5.5 mm. wide.

Outer surface of palm arched, inner surface almost flat and with a
flat depression close to the lower margin and extending from the
fixed finger. The upper and lower margins are sharp, the former
bears 3 spinelike projections directed forward, the lowest spine ends

1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 64, 1913, p. 503

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 147

in a sharp margin ; lo\ver margin very finely and sharply granulate
to the finger tip. Outer surface smooth and glossy, thickly covered
near the lower margin with fine granules. Inner surface covered
with very small, oblong punctae. A stout tooth on the prehensile
margin of the immovable finger visible from the outside; another
tooth on the movable finger, visible from the inside.
Type-locality. — Gatun. Miocene series.

CALLIANASSA ABBREVIATA, new species.

Plate 63, figs. 1-6.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed; third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020a. 4 specimens.

Types.— Cat, No. 324274, U.S.N.M.

Mea-swements. — Length of manus to sinus, 10.3 mm.; greatest
height, 10 mm.; distal height, 8.4 mm.

Holotype. — Specimen of right manus partially embedded, showing
inner surface and half of outer surface; an imprint of the inner sur-
face of the holotype is seen on a separate piece of rock. Length and
height subequal; infero-proximal angle a right angle, upper margin
convex. Outer surface slightly convex from end to end, more so from
top to bottom. Inner surface equally convex in both directions, with
a furrow close to the proximal end ; an oblique furrow near the lower
edge, directed slightly upward distally, and a depression leading to
the sinus between the fingers and to the adjacent part of the immov-
able finger: on the oblique raised line below this depression, there is
a row of 4 granules. Upper and lower edges margined ; the lower
edge shows, in the impression, about 18 dots, but whether these are
punctae or spinules on the outer surface can not be told. There is a
line of 6 punctae just within the upper margin. A few scattered
punctae on inner surface. An oblique cross section of the thumb is
small and somewhat diamond-shaped; above this section there is a
blunt tooth; sinus between the 2 fingers V-shaped. The impression
shows a little more of the length of the thumb than remains in the
type, but represents neither the full length nor width.

Paratype (a). — Left manus, larger than the holotype. and free
from the matrix; immovable finger broken off; edges worn; inter-
digital tooth present, and near by on the outer surface, a granule.

Paratype (6). — A fragment, comprising the distal lower end of
the propodus with broken finger attached : interdigital tooth present.

148 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

CALLIANASSA HILLI, new species.
I 'late 58, figs. 18-20.

Type-locality. — Gatun beds, Panama Canal Zone. Gatun forma-
tion. Miocene series. Kobert T. Hill, collector; Station 18.

Types.— Cat. No. 135218, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Greatest height of carpus of right cheliped. 10.2
mm. ; superior length of same, 10.3 mm.

Material. — 3 pieces of rock from the same place contain fragments
of Callianassa which belonged to at least 2 specimens and probably
represent a single species. The largest piece contains 2 fragments.
each consisting of a right merus and carpus (the better preserved of
these may be considered the holotype) ; the imprint of a right wrist
and hand ; the distal half of a right propodus and a portion of the
dactylus. The second piece of rock has been broken from the first
and contains «the continuation of the right propodus, with carpus
and merus attached (paratype «), also the first 4 segments of the
third right leg. The third piece of rock contains the sixth joint of the
tail (paratype b). The following description is compiled from all
the specimens:

The merus of the right cheliped has the outer margin prominently
carinate with a smooth rounded carina; upper margin granulated.
In both instances the merus is so flexed beneath the carpus that the
lower margin is not visible. The carpus is about equally long and
high ; its upper margin is slightly convex to a point near the articula-
tion with the merus : distal margin slightly concave, but nearly ver-
tical ; margin from the infero- distal angle to the merus strongly arcu-
ate. Manus about as long as high, moderately convex, outer surface
more so than inner; lower margin nearly straight; just above it on
inner surface a row of many fine punctae from which setae may have
sprung; this row is continued on the propodal finger; the latter is
only partly uncovered ; it is flat on the inner side, at least half as long
as the manus and its lower margin is a straight line continuous with
that of the manus.

The right leg of the third pair is very much like the corresponding
member in C. stimpsoni Smith, the Callianassa of the Atlantic coast
of the United States.

The sixth segment of abdomen or tail is subrhomboidal, with a con-
striction behind the middle; the segment is much wider in front
than behind ; the depressed portion at the anterior middle was hidden
in life under the fifth segment.

CALLIANASSA VAUGHANI. new species.

Plate 63, figs. 10-13.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From 85-foot cut on north
side of big swamp on relocated line, Panama Railroad ; H to 2 miles

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 149

beyond Camp Cotton toward Monte Lirio. Gatun formation.
Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan. collectors.
1911. Station 6030. Holotype and 2 paratypes. Cat. No. 324285,
U.S.N.M.

Holotype. — Portion of the right claw, comprising the distal end of
the manus and both fingers ; outer surface only. Height of manus at
distal end equal to length of dactylus measured on the chord from the
tip to the middle of its articulating edge; surface convex from upper
to lower edge. Fixed finger wide in its proximal half, then abruptly
narrowed ; distal half directed slightly upward ; length twice as great
as basal width. The ends of the fingers are somewhat crushed; the
movable finger curves strongly downward and appears to overreach
the tip of the immovable finger, being at right angles to it ; its lower
edge has two teeth, one near the articulation squarish, broader than
long, the other smaller, separated by a rounded sinus. At the sinus
distal to this tooth is the widest interdigital gape: a little further on
the fingers would meet for a ways, if they were closed, while liie tips
would cross each other. The greatest width of the dactylus is a little
more than a third of its greatest length, measured in a straight line.

The oblique edge of the propodus which projects over the dactylus
is crenulate. On the manus near the gape of the fingers there are 3
tubercles in a curve parallel with the edge. Behind the crenulation
there are 2 scale-like sockets from which setae probably arose, and
behind these a vertical thumb-nail impression. Near the supero-
distal angle of the manus there is another socket. On the proximal
half of the dactylus there are 9 sockets of larger size than those on
the manus and irregularly disposed; 2 are on the larger prehensile
tooth and one on the smaller.

Paratype (a). — Left manus. both sides visible. A smaller speci-
men than the holotype. Upper and lower margins distally converg-
ing. Length a little more than greatest width. Outer surface con-
vex in both directions, but more so from top to bottom. Surface for
the most part smooth and shining. The ornamentation is like that
of the type, that is, a crenulated edge on the lobe which overlaps the
dactylus, a row of tubercles just behind the gape — the lower of the
3 tubercles is broken off — above this 2 sockets, and then a very short
thumb-nail impression, followed by a socket near the upper angle.
The upper margin is subacute in its proximal half, becoming gradu-
ally blunt toward the distal end; on either side is a row of sockets;
3 are visible on the outer surface and 5 on the inner; lower margin
sharp, also with a row of sockets on either side; 5 are visible on the
outer side and about 10 on the inner side in the distal half; the
proximal half is broken. There are a few punctae scattered about
the outer surface; while on the inner surface near the depression

150 BULLETIN" 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

leading to the gape there is a double row of granules, 8 of which
can be made out. The edge overlapping the dactylus is crenulate on
the inner surface.

Paratype (£). — Portion of left propodus showing part of finger
and a small part of the manus. Surface shining. Three tubercles
near gape, and continuing the same curve along the upper part of the
outer surface of the finger, there is a granule followed by 2 sockets.

Measurements. — (Approximate only.) Holotype: Distal height
of manus, 19.3 mm. ; length of dactylus from tip to proximal end of
upper margin, 23.5 mm.; height of dactylus, measured straight up
from the edge of the basal tooth, 8.6 mm.; length of immovable
finger measured along the prehensile edge, 15 mm. ; height of same
at base, 7 mm. Paratype (a) : Length of manus across middle, 19.5
mm. ; proximal height, 16.7 mm. ; distal height, 15 mm. ; greatest
thickness, 6.6 mm. Paratype (&) : Height of immovable finger at
base, 5.8 mm.

Additional localities. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas sec-
tion. From lower part of lime-cemented soft gray to olive -colored
limestone with central parting of dark clay. The first hard, limy
sandstone bed above the lower limestone just above Station 60195.
Upper part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6019c. One
left propodus with most of the fixed finger attached. The specimen
is so bruised and crushed that its identity can not be determined with
certainty. Cat. No. 324283, U.S.N.M.

Also, from the same place, a right dactylus from a cheliped of
much smaller size. Its identity is uncertain. It lacks the large teeth
on the cutting edge, but it may belong to the feebler of the two
chelipeds, or to a female. There is evidently a shallow sinus at the
base, followed by a low broad tooth. Six sockets for setae can be
made out. The thick outer crust has nearly all broken away. Cat.
No. 324283, U.S.N.M.

Panama Canal Zone. From lowest horizon in big cut from £ to %
mile beyond Camp Cotton toward Monte Lirio. Lower part of
Gatun formation. Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W.
Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6029a. Left manus, about 9.6
mm. long, measured at the level of the articulating condyle of the
dactylus; edges mostly broken and obscured. Identification based
(1) on the general contour of the surface, (2) the color, a light drab,
(3) the margin adjacent to the articulating condyle of the dactylus,
and (4) 2 sockets just below the upper margin on the inner surface.
Cat. No. 324284, U.S.N.M.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OP THE CANAL ZONE. 151

CALLIANASSA STRIDENS. new species.

Plate 61, figs. 12-14.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From third hard sandstone
bed from bottom. Las Cascadas section. Upper part of Culebra for-
mation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan,
collectors. 1911. Station 6019e. Cat. No. 324281, U.S.N.M.

Holotype. — Manus of a left cheliped. Only the upper two-thirds
is visible, the lower third is embedded in rock. Upper margin
horizontal, distal and proximal margins vertical, supero-posterior
corner rounded. Upper edge thin, a little sinuous, viewed from the
top. On the inner surface a little below the upper edge there is a
row of 8 short vertical ridges, which occupies the whole length of
the segment. This may have been a stridulating mechanism.

Measurements. — Superior length of manus, 11 mm.; thickness,
3.1 mm.

CALLIANASSA MAGNA, new species.
Plate 62, figs. 1-3.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed. Third bed below lowest
limestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Cuiebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 60200. Cat. No.
324270, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Greatest length of movable finger (tip broken
off) , 33 mm. ; greatest height, 13.2 mm. ; thickness, 0.8 mm. ; length
of basal sinus, 6 mm.

Holotype. — The only specimen is a movable finger or dactylus of
the right cheliped. It is very much worn and a considerable portion
of the tip is lacking. The lower border is thin, but the remainder
is thick and in cross section subcircular, and tapers gradually to-
ward the distal end. At the proximal end below there is a broad
sinus ; the thin prehensile edge is slightly concave, viewed from out-
side, and feebly denticulate, especially when viewred from inside;
there is a somewhat larger and better preserved tooth just within the
margin at the widest part of the finger. Upper margin in outer view
straight in its proximal half, gently curved distally. In dorsal
view the finger is much curved and in the middle of its upper surface
there is a longitudinal row of four large punctae.

In its general shape, including the basal sinus, this dactylus re-
sembles that of C. pellucida Rathbun, from the Leeward Islands,
a description of which is about to be published by the Carnegie In-
stitution, but the prehensile edge is thinner and more laminate and
the inner outline more concave in dorsal view instead of almost
straight as in that species.

152 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

CALLIANASSA CRASSA, new species.

Plate 61, figs. 1-3.

Type-locality. — Gatun section A, bed A (bottom of section).
Lower part of Gatun formation. Miocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald, collector. Station 6003. Two dactyli of the left cheliped.

Types.— Cat. No. 324276, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Length of dactylus, 16.3 mm. ; height, 6.2 mm.

Holotype. — Outer and upper surfaces exposed, outline of tip ob-
scure. Viewed from the outside the upper outline is arcuate and the
tip bent down below the prehensile edge, which is nearly horizontal.
Viewed from above, the outer line is much curved and the inner line
nearly straight. On the prehensile edge there is a shallow basal
sinus, followed by a very low, broad tooth; rest of margin faintly
sinuous. The surface shows a number of granules, some large, others
small; the Inrge ones are about 7 on the outer surface and 5 on the
upper surface: of the former, 2 are submarginal, one of them being
above the lobe, the other half way to the tip; the other 5 external
granules are disposed on the distal half: the 5 superior granules are
arranged in 2 rows, one row of 3 toward the inner surface, and the
other row of 2 granules toward the outer surface; the proximal of
these is double. On the middle of the outer surface there is a patch
of about 50 small granules. The chalky- white outer layer of the shell
has crumbled away except near the edges, so that one can not tell
whether the granules were apparent on that surface. Color of sur-
face now exposed dull light bluish.

Paratype. — About two-thirds as large as the holotype, and with
both ends of the finger missing. Granules as follows : 3 large above
the lower margin, 2 as in the holotype, the other above the basal
sinus; on the inner surface are 3 similarly spaced but placed more
distad. On the upper surface there is a row of 4 toward the inner
surface, and below the second one from the proximal end are 2 near
together. The small granules are more separated than on the holo-
type and are distributed chiefly on the upper half of the outer
surface.

CALLIANASSA, species.

Plate 59, fig. 5.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Top part of limy sandstone be-
low upper conglomerate, near foot of stairs, Gaillard Cut. Upper
part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6012r. Cat. No.
324277, U.S.N.M.

Material. — Manus of left cheliped of a small specimen. Outer sur-
face visible. Very convex from top to bottom, a deep groove next to
the edge articulating with the carpus; upper and lower margins ill-
defined.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 153

CALLIANASSA ?, species.

Plate 64, fig. 10.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. From
lower part of lime-cemented soft gray to olive-colored limestone
(with central parting of dark clay). The first hard, limy sandstone
bed above the lower limestone just above station 60195. Upper part
of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and
T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6019c. Cat. No. 324280,
U.S.N.M.

Material. — One small specimen resembling in shape the merus
joint of the smaller of the chelipeds of the first pair. If the above
guess be correct, this is from the right cheliped. The two oblique
grooves near the distal end may have been artificially produced.

Family PAGURIDAE.

PETROCHIRUS BOUVIERI, new .pecies.

" Petrochirus cf. granulatus Olivier sp." TOULA, Jahrb. der k. k. Geolog.
Reichsanstalt, Wien, vol. 61, 1011, p. 511 [25], pi. 30 [1], fig. 13.

Gatun; Miocene (Toula). Not represented in the collection at
hand.

There are two recent species of Petrochirus on opposite sides of
the continent, namely, P. bakamensis (Herbst)1^:^. granulatus
(Olivier), which extends from Florida to Brazil, and P. calif orni-
en-sis Bouvier 2 taken at La Paz, Mexico, and in Ecuador. One of
the principal differences between them lies in the ornamentation of
the chelae. The right chela of P. bahamensis is covered chiefly with
fan-shaped clusters of granules, all of which trend forward and
present a smooth, oval side-face when viewed dorsally; the clusters
vary in size, and some are composed of only 2 granules, while others
are represented by only one granule ; all are fringed anteriorly with
hair, which fills the interspaces. The right chela of P. calif omiensis
has similarly clusters and single granules, but the clusters are not
fan-shaped but round, or nearly round, and are composed of a large
smooth central granule surrounded by small granules tipped with a
sharp, horny point ; the granules are much more elevated and have a
more dorsal inclination than in bahamensis; the single granules are
also more numerous than in that species.

The right chela of the fossil specimen figured by Toula resembles
that of P. calif orniensis.

The left chela of P. bahamensis is covered with fan-shaped clusters
of granules like those on its right chela, but the clusters are more

1 Cancer lahamensis Herbst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1796, p. 30.
' Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1895, p. 6.

154 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

crowded, and single granules are fewer. The left chela of P. cali-
fomiensis is covered with clusters like those on its right chela but
more crowded, and the granules of which they are composed are of
a smaller average size.

The left chela of the fossil agrees more nearly with that of P.
bahamensis.

We therefore have a Tertiary species combining the characters of
two Recent species, at least as far as the chelae are concerned, possess-
ing the right chela of one and the left chela of the other.

Tribe BRACHYURA.
Subtribe DROMIACEA.

Family DROMIIDAE.
Genus GONIOCHELE Bell.

GONIOCHELE? ARMATA. new species.

Plate 57, figs. 11 and 12.

Measurements. — Length of movable finger (tip broken off) , 19 mm. ;
width at about the middle, 6 mm. ; greatest thickness, 4.5 mm.

Holotype. — The shape is elongate-triangular viewed from outside,
the prehensile edge being nearly straight and the upper edge slightly
arched; outer surface convex in both directions. The prehensile
edge has a sinus at its base, defined distally by a broad tooth which
is at present truncate, but may have been prolonged in two small
teeth ; beyond are four teeth separated by rounded sinuses and with
their tips missing; the first two are spiniform, the last two broad
and thin. The upper margin bears 5 low, spaced teeth, while just
within and alternating there is a line of 3 teeth. On the outer sur-
face are 2 rows of tubercles not far from the margins, 4 in the lower
and 3 in the upper row; the proximal tubercle in the upper row
is bifid. On the inner surface are 5 tubercles besides those above
mentioned, 2 in a longitudinal row in the middle, 2 on the distal half
a little above the prehensile edge, and 1 small one toward the top
and behind the middle.

GEOLOGY A-ND PALEONTOLOGY OP THE CANAL ZONE. 155

I have placed this specimen in Goniochele * on account of the
dactylus being armed on both edges, as in G. angulata Bell,2 the
type of the genus, and because the general shape of the segment is
similar. In Bell's species the dorsal surface is smooth.

Subtribe OXYSTOMATA.
Family CALAPPIDAE.

HEPATUS CHILIENSIS Milne Edwards.

Plate 66, fig. 4.
Hepatus chiliensis MILNE EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 117.

Material. — Dactylus of right chela, 5.3 mm. long. This little
specimen shows all the essential characters of recent individuals of
this species : 8 shallow rounded teeth on the lower margin ; a row of
5 tubercles on the proximal part of the upper margin and a row of
4 tubercles just below and on the outer surface; still further down,
2 more tubercles; a stridulating ridge on the inner surface just
below the upper edge is formed of upwards of 45 fine parallel striae
and occupies the greater part of the length of the finger.

Distribution of Recent material. — Ranges at the present time from
Ecuador to Chile.

HEPATUS, species.

Plate 66, fig. 12.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From lower part of lime-cemented
'soft gray to olive-colored sandstone (with central parting of dark
clay). The first hard limy sandstone bed above the lower lime-
stone just above fossil lot No. 60195. Upper part of Culebra forma-
tion. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan,
collectors, 1911. Station 6019c. Cat. No. 324239, U.S.N.M.

Material. — One dactylus of left chela, much worn and incom-
plete at both extremities; the proximal half of the upper margin is
also wanting. The curves in side view are much like those of
77. chiliensis Milne Edwards.3 Both inner and outer surfaces are

1 A Monograph of the Fossil Malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain, pt 1, 1857,
p. 25.

2 Idem, pi. 4, fig. 6.

8 Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 117.

8370°— 18— Bull. 103 11

156 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

convex from top to bottom. The prehensile edge has traces of 2
small teeth, one near the base and one at about the distal third.
There are also various depressed granules or pits, namely, a row of
5 small ones on the upper margin; opposite the distal one of these
there is a larger one on the inner surface; and 3 or 4 on the outer
surface. These are all sunken so that they do not project above the
present surface, which is not the true outer surface.

This finger is not quite so flat inside as H. chiliensis.

Measurements. — Length of dactylus, 13.6 mm.; height at middle.
3.6 mm. ; thickness at middle, 2.7 mm.

CALAPPA COSTARICANA, new species.

Plate 57, fig. 24.

Type-locality. — Costa Rica: City of Port Limon. Port Limon
formation. Pliocene series. Dr. L. A. Wailes. 4269.

Flolotype.—C^t. No. 324240, U.S.N.M. A triangular fragment
measuring about 9 mm. on each margin, representing the propodal
finger and the infero-distal portion of the palm of a left chela of
the weaker form — that is, without a strong submarginal tooth or lobe
characteristic of the stronger chela in Calappa. Lower margin very
sinuous, the tip of the finger directed upward, proximal half of
margin armed with 6 strong tubercles directed distally. Just above,
on the outer side, and beginning nearer the finger-tip there is a row
of 11 smaller tubercles, normal to the surface. The prehensile edge
is nearly straight, inclined at an angle of about 75° with the lower
margin of the palm, and is furnished with 6 large, unequal tubercles,
which end at the small sinus which ordinarily exists just beloAv the
raised margin surrounding the articulation with the dactylus; on
the upper side of this sinus are 2 small tubercles, and above this
point, the specimen comes to an end. The outer surface is covered
with upward of 40 flattened scale-like tubercles pointing upward;
they are separated from the submarginal row by a smooth depres-
sion. The propodus is thick and the inner surface is beveled, the
bevel for the most part smooth ; remainder of inner surface studded
with very unequal pearly granules and tubercles ; interspace crowded
with fine punctae ; 2 sinuous ridges run toward the finger-tip.

This species resembles C. gallus (Herbst)1, which is found living
at the present time from Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil. The fossil
species differs in the very prominent tubercles of the lower margin
of the palm and the longer tubercles of the submarginal row just
above, on the outer surface.

1 Cancer gallus Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 3, 1803, pp. 18 and 46,
pi. 58, flg. 1.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OP THE CANAL ZONE. 157

CALAPPA FLAMMEA (Herbst).

Plate 61, figs. 4 and 5.

Cancer flammeus HERBST, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1794, p.
161, pi. 40, fig. 2 ; vol. 3, pt. 3, 1803, p. 19.

Locality. — Near Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone, in ditch
through swampy ground about one-fourth mile from present sea
beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide; Pleistocene series; D. F. Mac-
Donald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850. Cat. No. 324237,
U.S.N.M.

Represented only by one dactylus or movable finger belonging to
the stronger chela. The milling of the stridulating ridge on the
inner surface just below the upper edge is more strongly marked than
in most of the recent specimens examined.

Measurements. — Extreme length, 15 mm. ; width just distal to the
upper marginal tooth, 4.7 mm.

Distribution of Recent material. — From North Carolina to Colom-
bia and Venezuela.

CALAPPA ZURCHERI Botmer.

Catoppa zurcherl BOUVIEK, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 5, 1899, p. 190,

text-fig.

Panama. Lower Miocene.
Not represented in the Museum collection.

CALAPPELLA, new genus.

Carapace very little broader than long, without clypeiform ex-
pansions, but with a spine at the junction of the antero-lateral and
postero-lateral borders, and a spine at each end of the posterior
border.

Front small, projecting forward beyond the orbits.

Orbits small, directed forward.

In the narrow front and small orbits, this genus resembles Calappa,
but in its narrow carapace armed with 4 slender spines, it differs
from that genus as well as from all other Calappinae.

Type of the genus. — Calappella quadrispina, new species.

CALAPPELLA QUADRISPINA, new species.

Plate 58, figs. 1 and 2.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gail-
lard Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed; third bed below lowest
Hmestone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper
half of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald

158 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020«. Cat. No.
324238, U.S.N.M.

Measurements (approx.). — Length of carapace (spines excluded),
14 mm.; width (spines excluded), 14.4 mm.

Holotype. — Species represented by one specimen showing part of
the carapace and no appendages, enclosed in a nodule which has been
broken in two. Nodule not much larger around than the carapace.

Carapace nearly as long as wide, spines excluded ; width between
outer angles of orbits a little greater than posterior margin. Chord
of the antero-lateral margin nearly twice as long as that of the
postero-lateral margin. Antero-lateral margin divided into 2 parts,
the anterior two-fifths being slightly convex, the posterior three-
fifths very convex with a tubercle at its middle. Postero-lateral mar-
gin somewhat sinuous, but in general concave; posterior margin
slightly convex, about twice as long as the slender spine at either end
which is directed backward and slightly outward. Lateral spine also
slender, but longer, half as long as the postero-lateral margin and
pointing obliquely backward.

The central and anterior part of the surface of the carapace is
lacking. There are, however, two oblique, parallel, branchial fur-
rows ; between them a row of 3 tubercles and some scattered granules ;
the outer part of the branchial region is higher and rough with
irregular tubercles which are more or less confluent. Cardiac region
high, with a median tubercle on its posterior slope; in almost the
same plane transversely, but on a lower level, there is another tubercle
on each side just above the postero-lateral margin.

There is a very small hollow in the nodule where the point of the
front rested, and on the other half of the nodule may be seen the
lower surface of the front where it joined the interantennular septum.

The orbits are small, their upper and lower margins formed by
two teeth, the innermost advanced, separated by a blunt V-shaped
sinus.

On the lower surface, the inner tooth of the orbit is considerably
elevated (that is, ventrally). A sharp ridge runs obliquely back-
ward from or near the epistome, and is armed with a tooth at its
posterior third.

MURSIA MACDONALDI, new specieg.

Plate 58, flg. 21.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section. Fifth
or topmost limestone. Emperador limestone. Oligocene series. D.
P. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. One specimen,
part of left cheliped. Station 6019^. Cat. No. 324229, U.S.N.M.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 159

Measurements. — Length of palm between articulations, 19 mm.;
height (approx.), 10.2 mm.

Represented by the left palm only, which has the customary Calap-
poid form, and a portion of the immovable finger ; the edges are not
well shown; two teeth may be seen near the distal end of the upper
margin. The only details of the outer surface that can be made out
are a few large tubercles, more or less compressed as in Recent species
of Mursia; these tubercles number about 15; there is a row of 4
a little above, and subparallel to, the lower margin; from these 4
tubercles irregular rows extend obliquely upward, trending toward
the fingers ; including those of the horizontal row, those of the distal
oblique row are 4, of the second row 5, of the third row 3, of the
proximal row 3; these rows are not strictly parallel nor their tuber-
cles regularly spaced. The lower proximal tubercle is the largest and
most compressed.

There is an indication of the distal spine of the arm- joint, which
may be seen in the figure.

Resembles Mursia armata de Haan,1 but in that species the prin-
cipal tubercles of the hand are 9, arranged in 3 parallel and fairly
regular rows.

MURSIA OBSCURA, new species.

Plate 61, fig. 18.

Type-locality. — Near Panama Canal Station " 1910," north of
Pedro Miguel locks, Panama Canal Zone. From dark clay, lower
part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6010. Cat. No.
324225, U.S.N.M.

Measurements of fragmentary specimen, 8.2 mm. long, 9 mm. wide.

Uolotype. — The central part of the carapace, devoid of its margin,
except perhaps the middle of the posterior margin. This fragment
is embedded wrong side up in a piece of rock; only the thin outer
crust of the specimen remains and its under surface alone is visible.
It has been referred to this genus because the cavities or pits, which
represent tubercles on the dorsal surface of the shell, are arranged
much as in Mursia. There are 5 longitudinal rows of these pits : The
median row consists of 3 large pits., one cardiac, one genital, one gas-
tric, preceded by 2 small pits side by side; the two lateral rows
(on each side) are very little oblique to the median line, but sub-
parallel to each other; the inner of these rows consists of 4 pits, the
penultimate one being in a transverse line with the last pit of the
median row ; the last pit of the inner lateral row is round and deep

1 Fauna Japonlca, 1839, p. 73, pi. 19, fig. 2.

160 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

and indicates a large excrescence, perhaps a spine, on the dorsal sur-
face; 3 pits only are visible in the outer row, the middle pit is in
transverse line with the anterior pit of the other rows, while the
anterior pit of the outer row is not quite in line with the two behind
it. Either side of the pair of small submedian gastric pits there is
a large cavity. The furrows separating the branchial from the
gastric and cardiac regions are indicated by sinuous ridges.

Judging from the proximity of the rows of pits, this carapace is
narrower in proportion to its length than in other species of Mursia.
This together with the evidence of a strong prominence near the
postero-lateral borders points to a genus different from any described.

MURSILIA, new genus.

The manus resembles that of Mursia, but lacks the crest or ridge
on the inferior margin. .

Type of the genus. — Mursilia ecristata, new species.

MURSILIA ECRISTATA, new species.

Plate 57, fig. 27.

Type-locality. — Gatun beds. Gatun formation. Miocene series.
"Robert T. Hill, collector.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 135219, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Length of palm, 9.8 mm., height of palm, 7.4 mm.

Represented by only one specimen showing the right palm and a
portion of the wrist. Palm short and high. Surface finely and
rather distantly granulated on the upper half of the outer surface
and at the proximal end ; more closely granulated on the lower sur-
face. There are 9 large tubercles arranged in 3 oblique, subparallel
rows ; the tubercle at the inferior proximal corner is much the largest,
is flattened above and has a raised rim; between it and the next
tubercle in the horizontal row, but a little below, there is a smaller
tubercle. Below the distal tubercle of the horizontal row of 3, and
nearer the inner than the outer surface there is a small tubercle. On
the upper margin there are 7 narrow, thickened teeth similar to those
of Calappa. . Below the sinus between the fifth and sixth teeth
(counting from the wrist) there is a low tubercle; also one on the
base of the second tooth. A part of a tubercle near the beginning of
the immovable finger is visible.

The outline of the wrist is defined, but very little of the surface
remains ; a small piece near the distal upper corner is granulated like
the upper half of the palm.

The tuberculation of the manus or palm resembles that of Mursia,
the dentation of the upper margin is nearer that of Calappa, while

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 161

the segment differs from both those genera in lacking the crest on the
lower margin of the palm.

Family LEUCOSIIDAE.

LEUCOSILIA JURINEI (Saussnre).

Gruaia (ilia) jurinei SAUSSUBE, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., No. 8, 1853, p. 12,

pi. 13, fig. 4.
Leucosilia jurinii BELL, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, 1855, p. 295, pi. 32,

fig. 1.

Material. — Six small arm- joints more or less worn; four of them
are incomplete at one or both ends.

Size. — Length of a large one, 5.6 mm.

Distribution of Recent Material. — Ranges from Mazatlan, Mexico,
to Peru and the Galapagos Islands.

LEUCOSILIA BANANENSIS, new species.

Plate 57, figs. 6-8.

Type-locality. — Banana River, Costa Rica. Probably equivalent
to Gatun formation. Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald, collec-
tor. 1911. Station 5882A, 56, 1 arm. holotype, from seventh fos-
silif erous zone below the uppermost one of the section. Station 5882^,
5#, 1 arm, paratype (a) , from sixth fossiliferous zone below the up-
permost one of the section. Station 5882/, 3/, 1 arm, paratype (6),
from fifth fossiliferous zone below the uppermost one of the section.

Types.— Cat. Nos. 324230, 324231, and 324232, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Length of holotype, 11.1 mm.; greatest diameter,
4.2 mm.

Represented by only 3 arms from 3 different layers. The best
specimen represents the left arm nearly complete, lacking only the
distal articulating edge.

Shape subcylindrical, slightly compressed in a vertical direction,
the greatest diameter being proximal to the middle, the smallest
diameter at the proximal end. The ornamentation consists of
tubercles or large granules, the granules becoming small at both ends
of the arm ; around the middle of the segment the granules number
about 15 ; the tops of the granules are broken off so that they appear
much flatter than they really were. Compared with L. jurinei, the
arm is more swollen, the granules less numerous, more equal and
further apart.

162 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

'LEUCOSIIDAE?, genus and species indeterminable.

Plate 60, figs. 7 and 8.

Locality — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in ditch
through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from present sea
beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F. Mac-
Donald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850. Cat. No. 324236,
U.S.N.M.

Matei^ial. — Dactylus of left chela, 11.4 mm. long, with proximal
end lacking. This dactylus differs from those of Persephona and
allied genera in its strong curvature upwards, supposing the pre-
hensile edge to be directed inwards. This edge is nearly straight
except just at the tip and is armed with 25 small unequal teeth, 2 of
which in the proximal third are the largest. Besides this edge the
surface is composed of 4 high, smoothly rounded ridges separated
by narrow grooves; 2 of the ridges are inferior, and 2 superior, the
outermost of the latter embracing the outer edge and having a longi-
tudinal row of punctae near its middle. Each side of the prehensile
edge there are 2 or 3 rows of punctae. Tip of finger bent rather
abruptly but obliquely inward, while in its upward trend it continues
the curve of the rest of the dactylus.

Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA.

Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA.

Family PORTUNIDAE.

CALLINECTES DECLIVIS, new species.

Plate 66, figs. 1-3.

Type-locality. — Banana Eiver, Costa Rica. Eighth fossiliferous
zone below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent
to Gatum formation. Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald, collector.
1911. Station 5882i; 5c. Cat. No. 324262, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Greatest height, 14 mm.; length of manus meas-
ured horizontally from extreme base of proximal spine, 21 mm.;
thickness, 9.2 mm.

Holotype. — The propodus of the left cheliped, with the tip of the
finger broken off. The palm is prismatic as in recent species of
Callinectes, with 7 facets, more or less distinct ; 4 facets on the outer
surface and 3 on the inner surface. The surface, or what remains of
it, is smooth and shining to the naked eye, but under a lens, shows
very fine granulation, and larger scattered punctae. The facets are
separated by blunt ridges; one facet is a little above the middle of

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CAN*AL ZONE. 163

the outer surface, and has subparallel margins ; the facet below this
widens distally and its lower edge, not very prominent, is continued
upon the finger, where it is sharper ; the lower facet of the outer sur-
face is not sharph- marked; the facet above the middle narrows
slightly toward either end and has raised margins; at its proximal
end there is the stout base of a large spine such as exists in Callinectes
of the present day. The upper facet of the inner surface is narrow,
wider in the middle than at the ends, and is not depressed, its distal
outer corner only is visible when the manus is viewed externally;
at the distal end just outside the inner margin is an indication that
a spine has been broken off. The remainder of the inner surface is
divided into 2 facets of nearly equal width separated by a prominent
ridge.

The finger is a little curved inward; on the outer and inner sur-
face there are 2 grooves, each with a row of large punctae, the groove
at the middle of each surface being deeper than that near the pre-
hensile teeth. The teeth are of moderate size, irregular, the larger
ones alternating with one or two smaller ones ; at the broad proximal
end of the cutting edge there are 2 small teeth side by side, one near
the inner the other near the outer surface.

This propodus differs from those of all the Recent Callinectes in
the position of the uppermost facet. In G. sapidus, etc., this facet is
a part of the outer series, that is, continues the slope of the adjoining
facet on the outer surface ; while in the fossil it inclines downward
toward the inner surface except at the distal end where it is nearly
horizontal. Furthermore, the propodus is shorter in proportion to
its height than in recent Callinectes.

I have placed this species in Callinectes rather than in Portunus
(=Neptunu# of authors) because the palm is nearer the shape of
Callinectes than it is to similar segments in the genus Portunus, as
P. sanguinolentus ; the fossil is very unlike any Portunus now living
on the coast of tropical America.

CALLINECTES RETICULATUS, new species.

Plate 66, figs. 5-7.

Measurements. — Greatest height of manus, 15.6 mm.; length of
manus measured horizontally on middle of outer surface, 19.2 mm. ;
thickness, 10 mm.

164 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Holotype. — The propodus of the right cheliped, the immovable
finger being broken off near its middle.

In shape, this hand is shorter, higher, and thicker than the pre-
ceding. The surface, aside from the ridges and the uppermost facet
is covered with a fine reticulation of transverse grooves. The facets
are 7 in number and in position are like those of C. declivis, except-
ing that the narrow uppermost one which appears to belong to the
inner surface in C. declivis is more horizontal in C. reticulatus and
forms the upper surface of the segment. The next facet on the outer
side is narrowest at the distal end and widens to the middle, after
which the margins are subparallel; the next facet widens distally,
and the next also, but in a lesser degree : the lower facet is ill defined.
The 2 facets of the inner surface are subequal and widen distally.

There is the base of a tooth at the inner distal end of the upper
facet, and a short blunt spine at the distal end of the crest between
the upper and middle facets. If there was a tooth at the proximal
end it is broken off.

The propodal finger bears on its upper edge the stumps of 3 sub-
equal teeth; nearer the palm on the same surface there are 2 small
acute tubercles transversely placed, the inner one the larger.

Aside from the difference in shape and ornamentation between this
species and the preceding, there is a difference in the form of the
facets which may be seen by comparing figures 5 to 7 with 1 to 3 on
plate 66.

CALLINECTES, species.

Plate 65, figs. 1 and i>.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From the 4 feet of dark, strati-
fied tuff and clay immediately overlying the lower limestone bed,
Las Cascadas section. Upper part of Culebra formation. Oligo-
cene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors.
1911. Station 60196. Cat. No. 324255, U.S.N.M.

A specimen of a left manus and carpus, very much worn, the upper
and lower margins and the distal end of the manus being lacking.
The palm is narrower than in C. reticulatus described above; the
facet near the middle of the outer surface is wider than in C. declivis,
and widens distally instead of having subparallel margins as in that
species.

CALLINECTES, species.

Plate 65, fig. 7.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From top part of limy sandstone
below upper conglomerate, near foot of stairs, Gaillard Cut. Upper
part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 165

and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6012c. Cat. No.
324268, U.S.N.M.

The distal third of the immovable finger of a claw of a Callinectes-
On the prehensile edge is shown the most distal of the large teeth
customary in the genus followed (toward the tip) by 3 smaller teeth:
the tip is defective, having been broken off, then reattached in the
wrong place. There is a punctated groove down the middle of the
inner and the outer surface.

Of the species of Callinectes living on the Pacific coast of America r
this fragment resembles most C. toxotes Ordway,1 which occurs from
Cape St. Lucas to Peru.

ARENAEUS, species.

Plate 64, fig. 1.

Material. — Five fingers worn and more or less incomplete. Prob-
ably all are movable fingers or dactyli. Length of most perfect
specimen. 8.2 mm. On the outer surface there are two grooves dotted
with minute punctae; one is shallow and near the prehensile teeth,
the other is above the middle of the segment; on the upper surface
there are also two punctated grooves, but near together, while the
inner surface has two furrows similar to those of the outer surface.
Three or four of the prehensile teeth are enlarged as is usual in
Portunids, and the tip is curved downward. There are evidences of
close granulation on the uppermost ridges and on the proximal part
of the segment.

This is near A. mexicanus (Gerstaecker2), a Recent species which
occurs from the west coast of Mexico to Peru. The shape, curvature,
tmd granulation are similar, but three of the six grooves belong defi-
nitely to the outer surface.

EUPHYLAX CALLINECTIAS, new gpecies.

Plate 65, figs. 3-6.

Type-locality. — Banana River. Costa Rica ; ninth f ossilif erous zone
below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to Gatun
formation. Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald, collector. 1911.
Station 5882?; U. Cat. No. 324234, U.S.N.M.

1 Boston Joura. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 576.

2 Euctenota mexicana Gorstaeeker, Arch, fiir Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 131, pi. 5,
figs. 3 and 4.

166 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Measurements. — Length of carapace, 45 mm. ; gastro-cardiac suture.
9.6 mm.

Holotype. — One male specimen, showing parts of the upper and
lower surfaces, but no appendages. The outer layer of the shell of
the carapace remains only in the central part, where the gastric,
branchial and cardiac regions meet. This surface is granulated and
areolated much as in Collinectes^ that is, the regions are separated
by definite depressions, the gastro-cardiac groove is transverse, there
is an areola at the inner angle of the branchial region, but there is a
shallower division into 2 lobules than in Callinectes. The post-
gastric area is incomplete anteriorly, so that it is impossible to tell
whether it is marked by a raised and granulated margin; the shape
of this area most nearly resembles that of G. exasperatus (Ger-
staecker2), and its granulation that of C. bocourti A. Milne Edwards,
the granules being absent or sparse along the lateral and posterior
borders. Across the middle of the gastric region runs a blunt eleva-
tion, concave forward. The branchial region is divided in two by
a depression running obliquely backward and outward. These last
two features suggest the carapace of Euphylax dovii Stimpson,8 a
species now existing on the Pacific coast of America, between Central
America and Payta, Peru.

Anterior margin very broad, as in E. dovii, most of it being
occupied by the orbits; the front is narrow, T-shaped, much con-
stricted at base; the anterior part of the T has a concave surface
and is deflexed to meet the epistomial spine. This is more advanced
than the front; its tip is broken off. The upper margin of <he
orbit slopes backward and outward and is somewhat undulating.
The shape of the orbit can not be definitely made out, but a portion
of the smooth inner lining of the outer extremity remains. The
indications are that the eyestalk is long and the cornea! extremity
large, as in E. dovii.

The sternum and abdomen resemble those of E. dovii, the anterior
end of the sternum is depressed, the depression having a Comdex
posterior margin, from which a furrow leads back to the abdomen.
Surface of sternum and abdomen covered with large and distant
punctae. Abdomen broadly triangular; first segment not dis-
tinguishable; second, third, and fourth segments each crossed by a
transverse ridge; third, fourth, and fifth fused, and perhaps also the
second with them. The sides of the penult segment are less con-
vergent than in E. dovii.

This species in all the characters visible in the type-specimen re-
sembles the genus Euphylax as typified by E. dovii excepting in the

1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1896, pis. 12-23.

2 Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 129.

3 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 226, pi. 5, fig. 5.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 167

areolation and ornamentation of the central part of the carapace
which indicate an affinity with Callinectes.

EUPHYLAX FORTIS, new species.

Plate 64, figs. 11-13.

Type-locality. — Banana River, Costa Rica ; tenth f ossilif erous zone
below the uppermost one of the section. Probably equivalent to
Gatun formation. Miocene series. D. F. MacDonald, collector.
October, 1911. Station 5882A. Cat. No. 324233, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Length of body (approx.), 43.5 mm.; length of
movable finger, 27.3 mm. ; width of the sternum between the coxae
of the chelipeds, 24.5 mm.

Holotype. — One specimen showing a part of the lower surface
and the right' cheliped. The abdomen resembles that of an imma-
ture female or is possibly that of a male.

Sternum broad, surface rough with coarse punctae and fine reticu-
lating lines ; anterior part depressed and with a median groove lead-
ing back to the abdomen much as in E. callinectias ; the ridge just
in front of the abdomen is more transverse t'han in that species.

Abdomen broadly triangular; it is impossible to tell which seg-
ments, if any, are fused; terminal segment subequilateral ; surface
of sixth and seventh segments like that of the sternum, of fourth
and fifth segments covered with a low, confluent granulation.

Ischium of external maxilliped with a longitudinal groove, the
surface on the inner side of the groove more raised than on the
outer side.

Cheliped elongate. A cross section of the arm is shown and a
portion of its lower surface; this last has a broad longitudinal de-
pression through the middle, and the surface near the margins, at
least, is coarsely granulate.

The general outline of the fingers can be made out and the sur-
face of some of the prehensile teeth. The fingers are elongate, as
in the usual Portunid, and gradually taper, ending in slender black
tips which cross each other. The prehensile teeth are large, thick,
dark-colored, and very irregular, the one at the base of the dactylus
being the largest; they appear to fit close together. The cheliped
is larger and stronger in proportion to the size of the body than in
any recent species of Portunid.

The generic position of this species is problematical ; in the width
of the sternum it resembles Euphylax; in the strong teeth of the
digits it approaches Scylla, while the groove on the lower side of the
arm joint is unique.

168 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

GATUNIIDAE, new family.
Characters of the type genus, Gatunia.

GATUNIA, new genus.

Carapace of the customary Cancrid outline, that is, transversely
oval, with a narrow, dentate front (between the orbits) ; orbits nar-
row, with a forward inclination; antero-lateral margins arcuater
longer than the postero-lateral, and armed with 8 teeth, including
the orbital ' tooth ; postero-lateral margins strongly convergent.
Genital region very narrow. Carapace without transverse ridges.

Outer maxilliped with the ischium greatly elongate, and longi-
tudinally grooved.

Chelipeds massive; palms thick, not flattened on the inner side,
devoid of ridges on the outer side.

Last pair of feet with the propodus and dactylus flattened and
broadened to form a swimming organ as in the Portunids.

Abdomen of the male with the third, fourth, and fifth segments
fused.

This genus resembles the family Cancridae in the form of the-
carapace, front and orbits ; while the swimming paddles and the ab-
domen are like those of the Portunidae. The chelipeds approach
those of the genus Scylla in their massiveness, long fingers and lack
of costae, but the absence of spines gives them the appearance of
many of the Xanthidae.

Type of the genus. — Gatunia proavita Rathbun.

GATUNIA PROAVITA, new species.
Plates 54-56 ; plate 58, figs. 16 and 17.

Type-locality. — Gatun formation, near Gatun Dam, Panama Canal
Zone. Miocene series. Collected by one of the workmen and
shipped by D. F. Macdonald. Station 5659. One specimen (holo-
type), nearly complete. Cat. No. 324289, TJ.S.KM.

Measurements. — Length of carapace, from tip of submedian teeth.,
133.2 mm.; from median- sinus, 128.3 mm.; width, between tips of
teeth of posterior pair, 182.5 mm. ; width between teeth of penulti-
mate pair, the same.

Holotype. — Carapace about 1£ times as wide as long; antero-lateral
margin strongly arched, cut into 7 strong teeth, besides the tooth;
at the outer angle of the orbit ; teeth similar in shape, having a convex
posterior and a concave anterior margin, tip acute; the 7 teeth in-
crease in size from the first to the fifth and then diminish to the

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 169

seventh, which is the most spiniform. The orbit has a strong tooth
at the outer and at the inner angle and one less prominent between ;
below the inner angle there is a narrow tooth more advanced than
those above. Frontal region, between the orbits, with a concave
dorsal surface ; anterior border cut into 4 teeth, those of the middle
pair nearer to each other than they are to those of the outer pair, and
separated by a shallower sinus; teeth of inner pair oblong, with
rounded end; those of outer pair thicker. Postero-lateral margins
nearly straight; posterior margin slightly convex and thickened.

Surface covered with a pavement of fine, flattened granules, and
with less numerous and unequal punctae visible to the naked eye.
The depression between the gastric and branchial regions is well
marked except anteriorly, the hepatic region not being defined.
Genital region very narrow, longer than wide. Cardiac and intestinal
regions incompletely outlined.

Neither the eyes nor the antennae are visible.

Epistome subtriangular, prolonged downward «t the middle in an
acute angle; thence a small button-hole groove runs obliquely back-
ward. Palatal ridge strong except anteriorly where it is low and
blunt. Pterygostomian region granulate, densely so near the buccal
cavity. On the sternum a furrow runs obliquely forward from the
coxae of the chelipeds to the median line.

The abdomen of the male is broad and at the base reaches to the
coxae of the last pair of feet; there is only one segment visible be-
tween the carapace and the third segment; it is probably the second,
while the first is hidden under the carapace much as in the Portunid
genus Callinectes; the second is of nearly even length throughout
its width ; the third, fourth and fifth are fused, but their extent is
indicated by indentations in the lateral margins and by a short groove
at the middle; the 3d segment is produced sideways beyond the
2d and 4th and its margins are very convex; margins of the 4th to
6th segments, inclusive, taken together are slightly convergent, those
of the 4th a little convex; 6th segment about If times as wide as long;
terminal segment nearly as long as the preceding, subtriangular, end
rounded.

Chelipeds very stout, in general smooth, there being no ridges nor
spines. The surface is finely granulate and punctate, the granules
a little higher than on the carapace. The inferior, anterior margin
is the only margin of the merus visible; it is smoothly rounded.
Carpus massive, with a broad tooth at inner angle. Chelae unequal,
thick, broadly rounded above and below without marginal lines;
right or larger manus about 1£ times as long as high, left or smaller
manus about 1£ times as long as high; next the articulation of the
larger palm with the dactylus there is a large lobe or tooth directed
toward the end of the dactylus, as in Scylla. The digits each have 2

170 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

longitudinal punctate impressions on the outer surface, the larger
dactylus is more arched than the smaller; the fingers cross each
other a little before the tips, at least in the smaller chela; the end
of the larger immovable finger is broken off ; prehensile edges armed
with large irregular, separated teeth, the basal tooth of the larger
dactylus being of enormous size and directed obliquely backward
as in Scylla. The distal half or two-fifths of the fingers is dark-
colored, also the prehensile teeth.

The 3 pairs of ambulatory legs are only partially preserved ; they
would, if extended, reach about to the middle of the manus of the
chelipeds; the first five segments are stout; the propodus, of which
only impressions exist, has a groove through the middle and appears
to be flattened ; the dactylus can not be made out with any degree of
certainty; the swimming- feet, or those of the last pair, are very
broad, the carpus is as broad as long; the propodus is about twice
as long as broad; the dactylus is lanceolate-oval, about 2£ times as
long as broad. *

Another specimen (paratype a) lacking the dentate border of the
carapace, and all appendages except the coxal joints of the legs, was
taken from the Gatun formation, Gatun Locks, by D. F. MacDonald,
May, 1911. Station 5900. Cat. No. 324241, TJ.S.N.M.

A much smaller specimen (paratype 6) which is identified as
probably belonging to this species is labeled : " Near Gatun. Mio-
cene. Eev. G. Rowell. Cat. No. 113706, U.S.N.M." It is probably
from the Gatun formation. A portion of the left side of the cara-
pace is preserved, showing the base of the 3 posterior of the antero-
lateral teeth ; on the under side is shown the margin of the buccal
cavity, fragments of a maxilliped and the base of the cheliped. A
separate specimen (paratype c), from the same locality, is the left
manus, somewhat crushed, proximally incomplete and lacking the
propodal finger, but with the base of the dactylus attached, including
the first or large, rounded tooth.

A fragment of a finger bearing 3 teeth (paratype d) is referred
here; the smooth outer layer is almost gone except a few bits near
the teeth; it was taken from the 85-foot cut on north side of big
swamp on relocated line of the Panama Railroad, 1£ to 2 miles be-
yond Camp Cotton toward Monte Lirio ; Gatun formation ; Miocene
series: D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors, 1911;
Station 6030; Cat. No. 324242, U.S.N.M.

I refer here with doubt a curved fragment of a thick-shelled species,
which has a large tooth occupying half its surface. It may belong
near one of the articulations. It was taken at Station 60336, in the
upper part of the lowest bed, Gatun section; Gatun formation;
Miocene series; MacDonald and Vaughan; 1911; Cat. No. 324286,
U.S.N.M.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 171

The larger claw of this species is strikingly like that described by
A. Milne Edwards1 under the name Scylla michelini from Sceaux,
near Doue, France, in the Miocene shell deposits of the shell-marl
of Anjou. M. Milne Edwards founded the species on the claw alone.
It is very likely congeneric if not conspecific with the form here
described.

Family XANTHIDAE.

CARPILIUS, species.

Plate 58, fig. 22.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Foraminiferal marl and coarse
sandstone about 200 yards south of southern end of switch at Bohio
Ridge station, relocated line Panama Railroad. Upper part of
Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W.
Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6025. Cat. No. 324243, U.S.N.M.

Material. — Piece of propodal segment of ambulatory leg on left
side of crab. Length 17 mm., greatest width 7.2 mm., least width
5.7 mm., proximal thickness 4.5 mm., distal thickness 3.7 mm. Viewed
dorsally, the anterior margin is slightly convex, the posterior faintly
concave. Viewed edgeways, the upper surface is longitudinally con-
vex, and the lower surface concave. Cross section oval. Surface,
except for accidental breaks, smoothly rounded, without ridges,
furrows, or tubercles.

In its smoothness and general form, resembles the propodus of the
first ambulatory leg of Garpilius corallinus (Herbst2), for which
reason I venture to attach the name CarpUius to this fragment.

HETEBACTAEA LUNATA (Milne Edwards and Lacas).
Plate 63, figs. 7-9.

Pilumnus lunatus MILNE EDWARDS and LUCAS, d'Orbigny's Voy. Am6r. M6r.,
vol. 6, 1843, p. 20 ; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pi. 9, fig. 2.

Locality. — Costa Rica : City of Port Limon. Port Limon forma-
tion. Pliocene series. Dr. L. A. Wailes, collector. Station 4269.
Cat. No. 324265, U.S.N.M.

Distribution. — Recent, San Diego, California, to Chile.

Material. — One specimen showing distal portion of outer surface
of larger palm, with proximal half of dactylus (showing all sur-
faces) attached. This must have belonged to a small individual
with carapace about 15 mm. wide. The fossil is crushed and the
tips of the tubercles are lacking. The shape of the two segments so

1 Hlstolre des CrustacSs podophthalmalres fossiles, Paris, 1861, p. 136, pi. 3, flgs. 3, SA.
* Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1783, p. 133, pi. 5, flg. 40.
8370°— 18— Bull. 103 12

172 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

far as it is preserved accords with that of recent specimens; the
dactylus is more deflexed than it could be if the immovable finger
were preserved in situ. The tubercles of the palm are arranged
in general as in recent individuals, and slight divergences are attribu-
table to individual variation. The dactylus has 6 punctated grooves,
and the prehensile tooth situated at a little distance from the base is
present; the three uppermost ridges bear some tubercles, the outer
ridge two tubercles, the upper one three tubercles, and the inner ridge
one tubercle followed by several crenulations.

PANOPEUS ANTEPURPUREUS, new species.

Plate 58, figs. 8-11.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in
ditch through swampy ground. About one-fourth mile from present
sea beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F.
MacDonald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850.

Types.— Cat. No. 324245, U.S.N.M.

Material. — 18 dactyli of stronger chela from right side; 9 dactyli
of stronger chela from left side ; 4 dactyli of weaker chela from left
side ; one propodal finger of weaker chela from right side.

With one exception these digits belonged to small individuals ; the
exception, a right dactylus 12.8 mm. long, is made the holotype.

The dactyli are very much like the corresponding parts of P.
pwpureus Lockington,1 a recent species ranging from Lower Cali-
fornia to Peru. The only differences are as follows : The fingers are
a little longer, slenderer, and straighter; the large basal tooth of the
stronger chela is closer to the articulation with the manus ; there is no
coarse granulation on the basal portion of the dactyli, as there is on
the living form. Most of the specimens are purplish-blue except at
the tip.

The propodal finger also is slenderer than in P. purpureus; the
lower groove of the outer surface is nearer the lower margin. As this
finger was not attached to a dactylus, one cannot be positive that it
belongs to the same species as the dactyli.

PANOPEUS TRIDENTATUS, new species.

Plate 58, figs. 12-15.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in
ditch through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from present
sea beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F.
MacDonald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850.

Types.— Cut. No. 324244, U.S.N.M.

1 Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 101.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE.

Material. — Eleven dactyls and three propodal digits of the right
chela, all detached. One of the dactyls is made a holotype.

Measurements. — Length of longest dactyl 9.2 mm., height 3 mm. ;
length of holotype 6.1 mm., height 2.3 mm.

Holotype. — I have chosen a small specimen for holotype because
it is the best preserved. The dactyl is rather slender for the major
chela of a Panopeid, but it has the general character of Panopeus
and its allies. The prehensile edge has 3 enlarged teeth, placed as
follows, beginning at the proximal end : 1 1., 2 s., 1 1., 3 s., 1 1., 7 s., tip.
The proximal tooth is of the customary backward-pointing type^
and is of moderate size compared to the basal tooth of living Pan-
opeids. The second of the large teeth is of nearly the same size,.
more pointed, and directed downward ; the third large tooth is defin-
itely smaller than the others. The small teeth are unequal and shaF-
low. The longitudinal depression either side of the teeth is punc-
tate; there are 3 other punctate furrows, one external, one internal
and the other dorsal but nearer the outer side ; just within the proxi-
mal half of the dorsal furrow there is a marginal line of granules.

Paratypes. — The number of small teeth intervening between the
larger teeth of the prehensile edge vary as follows, beginning at the-
proximal end : 1-3, 4-6, 6-8.

One can not be sure that the propodal digits referred here belong*
to the same species as the dactyli. They too have 3 large teeth, which
are subequal and are separated by small teeth as follows, beginning
with the proximal large tooth: 2, 4-5, 4-6. Proximal end broken
off in each case, but in one instance a small tooth is visible proximal
to the first large tooth. When an immovable finger is applied against
a movable finger of complementary size, the large teeth of the former
shut into the sinuses distal to the corresponding large teeth of the'
latter. There are 6 longitudinal punctate depressions on each pro-
podus, one adjacent to the teeth on either side, one external, one in-
ternal, and two inferior.

PANOPEUS, species.

Plate 66, figs. 8 and 9.

Locality. — From the four feet of dark, stratified tuff and clay
immediately overlying the lower limestone bed. Las Cascadas sec-
tion. Upper part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F.
MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6019&.
Cat. No. 324254, U.S.N.M.

Material. — One dactylus of right cheliped, with proximal end in-
complete. Dactylus very broad at base in proportion to its length,
also unusually thick. Length, 9.2 mm.; width, 4.7 mm.; thickness,
3 mm. In outer view the upper margin is much curved, the surface

174 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

is much worn, but there is a line of punctae visible through the mid-
dle; there is a large subbasal tooth directed obliquely backward, and
bounded posteriorly by a deep, wide groove ; the tooth does not pro-
ject beyond the general lower margin, but it may have done so when
entire. On the distal portion of the outer edge of the prehensile sur-
face there are a few shallow crenulations.

This specimen comes nearer to Panopeus than to any other known
genus; from P. cMe-nsis Milne Edwards and Lucas1 it differs in
its greater width, in the large tooth originating higher up on the
outer surface and in the groove behind it being deeper and more
extensive.

EURYTIUM CRENULATUM, new species.

Plate 64, figs. 8 and 9.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. From near Mount Hope in
ditch through swampy ground. About one-quarter mile from pres-
ent sea beach, 6 to 8 feet above high tide. Pleistocene series. D. F.
MacDonald, collector. April, 1911. Station 5850.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 324253, U.S.N.M. Dactylus of right chela, 7.6
mm. long. This has the general shape of a Eurythim finger, but the
large basal tooth of the prehensile edge is inserted higher up, its
oblique base running posteriorly well up on the outer surface; the
tooth is directed strongly backward and is broadly rounded at the
extremity. It is followed by about ten low teeth, the first and third
of which are the larger. Somewhat above the middle of the inner
.and of the outer surface there is a longitudinal depression containing
a row of a few punctae. There is a deep groove on the upper sur-
face and just within it but higher up there is a row of separated
granules or crenulations; they point outward, that is, a side view of
them may be obtained by looking down on the top of the finger.
The ridge just outside the dorsal groove is proximally microscopically
granulate.

This finger can not be referred to E. affine 2 or E. tristani 3 of the
Panamian fauna on account of the elevation and direction of the
basal tooth, and the row of granules on the upper edge.

Family GONEPLACIDAE.

Subfamily PRIONOPLACINAE.

EURYPLAX CULEBRENSIS, new species.

Plate 66, figs. 13 and 14.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Top part of limy sandstone
below upper conglomerate, near foot of stairs, Gaillard Cut. Upper

1 D'Orbigny's Voy. Am6r. M6r., vol. 6, pt. 1. 1843, p. 16 ; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pi. 8, fig. 2.
a Panopeus affinis Streets and Kingsley, Bull. Essex Inst, vol. 9, 1877, p. 106.
•Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, 1906, p. 100.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 175

part of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6012<?.

Holotype.—C&t. No. 324226, TJ.S.N.M. Propodus of right and
major cheliped with only the base of the immovable finger remaining.
Palm swollen. In side view the upper and lower margins are arcu-
ate, the palm narrowing considerably toward the wrist. Surface
smooth. At the distal end above the lower margin there is a deep
groove which is prolonged on the finger. The palmar tooth which
overlaps the dactylus is present ; also 4 prehensile teeth of the fixed
finger, arranged in 2 transverse rows on the upper surface, the outer
tooth of the distal pair being much the largest.

Measurements. — Length of palm, to sinus, 6.5 mm.; height, 4.3
mm. ; thickness, 2.7 mm.

This specimen has the general form of E. nitida Stimpson,1 a Re-
cent species occurring on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the
West Indies. I have no example of the Panamian species, E. polita
Smith 2 for comparison. E. nitida is considerably larger than the
fossil form, the fixed finger is somewhat wider at the base but it has
the 4 basal teeth similarly disposed ; the proximal end of the upper
margin is thinner and more acute than in E. culebrensis.

Subfamily HEXAPODESFAE.

Living representatives of this subfamily are restricted to the Indo-
Pacific region.

Genus THAUMASTOPLAX Miers.

Tliaumastoplax MIERS, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist, ser. o. vol. 8, 1881, p. 261.
The generic position of the species placed here has to be deter-
mined by the characters discernible in a dorsal view. As in Thau-
mastoplax, the shape of the carapace is subrectangular with the
antero-lateral corners rounded off; the second ambulatory leg is
stronger than the first and third. Of the other Hexapodinae, or
Goneplacids with only 3 pairs of walking legs, Hexapus de Haan*
is more subcylindrical and has the three legs of subequal size ; Lamb-
(lophaTlw Alcock4 has smaller orbits; Hexaplax Doflein5 has very
oblique orbits seen from above, while Paeduma Eathbun6 (—Amor-
Bell 7) is said to be almost cylindrical.

1 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 60.

- Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 163.
s Fauna Japon., 1833. p. 5 ; 1835, p. 35.
*Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, TO!. 69, 1900, p. 329.

* Wiss. Ergeb. deutschen Tiefsee-Exped. Valdivia, 1898-99, vol. 6, 1904, p. 122.
•Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 163.

7Jonr. Linn. Soc. London, ZooL, vol. 3. 1858, p. 27.

176 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

THAUMASTOPLAX PKIMA, new species.

Plate 66, figs. 15-18.

Measurements.— Length of carapace, paratype, 12.2 mm. (ap-
prox.) ; width, 18 mm. (approx.) The holotype is a little wider,
about 19.6 mm., but the length can not be measured as the front part
of the carapace is not visible.

Holotype and paratype. — Carapace about 1£ times as broad as long,
longitudinally very convex, from side to side nearly horizontal. Up-
per surface not bordered by a definite line; H-shaped depression in
the center of the carapace deep; surface deeply punctate, punctae
crowded near the margins, sparse near the middle. Fronto-orbital
distance about two-fifths as great as the extreme width of the cara-
pace. Antero-lateral margins long, arcuate ; postero-lateral margins
subparallel; posterior margin slightly convex. Front deflexed and
widening a little from the base of the eyestalks downward. The
orbit is about as wide as the narrowest part of the front and is filled
by the eyestalk ; its upper margin is transverse.

Chelipeds short, when flexed scarcely reaching beyond the outer
end of the orbit; carpus very large, convex, smooth, and punctate:
chela small, not much longer than carpus and considerably nar-
rower; finger shorter than palm; the end of the finger is, however,
not visible. The merus of the first leg reaches quite to the end of
the carpus of the cheliped, its upper margin has a row of small
conical tubercles or granules, and there is a cluster of granules near
the articulation with the carpus. The merus of the second leg
reaches a little beyond that of the first, and is very much stronger;
it also has a superior row of granules and a few granules on the
outer surface; carpus elongate, about half as long as merus; pro-
podus as wide as the greatest width of the carpus; only a portion
of it is visible. Third leg very much shorter and slenderer, its
carpus reaching little beyond the merus of the second pair ; its merus.
as well as that of the second pair, is longitudinally grooved.

The above description is made from two specimens from the same
place. Each specimen was enclosed in a nodule which is broken in
two. The holotype shows the upper surface of the carapace (ex-
cept the front part) , portions of the left cheliped, and of the 3 legs
of both sides. The nodule is not large enough to have included the
whole of the legs in their extended position. Cat. No. 324227,
U.S.N.M. The paratype shows the carapace only; there is no trace

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 177

of chelipeds or legs ; the nodule is very little wider than the carapace.
Cat. No. 324228, U.S.N.M.

Family GECARCINIDAE.

CARDISOMA GUANHUMI Latreille.

Plate 64, figs. 2-4.

Cardisoma guanhumi LATREILLE, Encyc. Meth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 10,
1825, p. 685.

Locality. — Costa Eica : City of Port Limon. Port Limon forma-
tion. Pliocene series. Dr. L. A. Wailes, collector. Station 4269.
Cat. No. 324263, U.S.N.M.

Material. — Left propodal finger of cheliped, with extremities lack-
ing; length 18.5 mm. Pieces of the outer crust remain along the pre-
hensile teeth, around the distal end, and on the lower part of the
proximal end, where it shows the characteristic scaly granulation of
the species.

Distribution of Recent Material. — From Bahamas and Florida
Keys to Brazil ; Bermudas.

Family OCYPODIDAE.

UCA MACRODACTYLUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Plate 64, fig. 7.

Gelasimus macrodactylus MILNE EDWABDS and LUCAS, d'Orbigny's Voy.
Amer. Mer., vol. 6, 1843, p. 27 ; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pi. 11, fig. 3.

Material. — A single dactylus, 6.7 mm. long, of an ambulatory leg
corresponds with that of a recent specimen from Costa Eica. The
dactylus is rather slender, regularly tapering and strongly curved
on its concave as well as on its convex margin, it has 6 longitudinal
grooves separated by as many smooth rounded ridges; toward the
horny tip these ridges are themselves guttered by a narrow groove.

Distribution of Recent Material. — From Guaymas, Mexico, to Val-
paraiso, Chile.

BRACHYRHYNCHA, family, genus, and species indeterminable.

Plate 64, fig. 6.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gaillard
Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed. Third bed below lowest lime-

178 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

stone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper half
of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and
T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020a. Cat. No. 324294,
U.S.N.M.

Material. — A specimen 9.3 mm. long and 7.7 mm. wide, which re-
sembles the proximal part of the right manus of a crab. The outer and
lower surfaces are exposed, but the outer layer of shell has almost dis-
appeared. The surface gradually ascends to a line a little below the
middle where a blunt longitudinal ridge is formed. Just below the
upper margin, and also just within the lower margin on the inner
side, there is a narrow furrow.

The blunt crest is suggestive of the Portunidae.

BRACHYRHYNCHA, family, genus, and species indeterminable.
Plate 64, fig. 5.

Locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section, Gaillarcl
Cut. From lowest fossiliferous bed. Third bed below lowest lime-
stone beds separated by rows of nodules. Lower part of upper half
of Culebra formation. Oligocene series. D. F. MacDonald and
T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911. Station 6020a. Cat. No. 324258.
U.S.N.M.

Material. — Two specimens, each embedded in a nodule, of a frag-
ment which appears to be the merus segment of an ambulatory leg
of a crab. The surface is flat, the lateral margins are arcuate and
there is a shallow longitudinal depression near one edge. The shape
is very suggestive of the Portunidae and yet they do not closely
resemble any known species.

Superfamily OXYRHYNCHA.
Family PARTHENOPIDAE.

PARTHENOPE PANAMENSIS, new species.

Plate 66, figs. 10 and 11.

Type-locality. — Panama Canal Zone. Las Cascadas section.
From fifth or topmost limestone. Emperador limestone. Oligocene
series. D. F. MacDonald and T. W. Vaughan, collectors. 1911.
Station 6019^. Cat. No. 324257, U.S.N.M.

Measurements. — Length of arm measured along lower margin (in-
complete), 24.6 mm.; distal width, measured on inner, lower surface.
6.6 mm. ; minimum width, on the same surface, 4.7 mm.

Holotype. — One specimen represented by only the merus joint of
the left cheliped. This segment is thick; a cross section is quadri-

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 179

lateral and nearly as broad as long; the. proximal end is broken off.
the distal end is embedded in a hard matrix. The two upper sur-
faces are each not much more than half as wide as either of the two
lower surfaces. The upper, inner and outer margins are armed with
irregular spines and tubercles, the lower margin with tubercles only,
which are not kl a single row ; the surfaces also have a few scattered
spines and tubercles. The tips of most of the spines are broken off;
the largest spines are one on the upper margin near the proximal end
(of the specimen), and one just above the outer margin in the middle
third. The distal extremity of the segment widens in a manner sug-
gestive of the propodus of a Parthenopid, but it is not triangular-
prismatic as customary in the propodal segments.

PARTHENOPE PLEISTOCENICA, new species.

Plate 61, figs. 10 and 11.

Holotype. — Propodal finger of right and major chela ; lower proxi-
mal portion missing. Lower margin, so far as it remains, nearly
straight, tip upturned; upper margin broad at the proximal end
and armed with 5 unequal blunt teeth ; the first or that nearest the
palm is broadly united with the second which is much larger; third
of similar size and shape to the second and well separated from it;
fourth much smaller and fifth minute. Four lateral rows of punctae,
one either side of the prehensile teeth, and one through the middle
of the inner and of the outer surface. The posterior half of both
surfaces is sparsely covered with prominent and very unequal
granules.

Parthenope excavata (Stimpson)1 of which there is an example
from Panama in the United States National Museum collection has
a similar prehensile surface, but the lateral face is shorter and higher
and is granulate all over outside.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE 54.
Gatunia proa vita Rathbun, holotype, dorsal view, X §.

PT.ATE 55.
Gatunia proarita, holotype, ventral view, X £.

1Lo»JbrM« excavatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 98.

180 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

PLATE 56.
Gatunia proavita, holotype.

"Fio. 1. Anterior view, X §.
2. Posterior view, X §.

x
PLATE 57.

Fin. 1. Natantiu, indeterminable, lateral view of pleou. X 2.

2. Axius reUculatus Rathbun, holotype, outer view of propodus of left

cheliped, X 3.

3. Impression of same.

4. Macrobrachiwn, species, Cat. No. 324256, outer view of propodus of left

cheliped, X 3.

5. Upper view of same.

€. Leucosilia bantmcnsis Rathbun, paratype «, arm joint, X 3.

7. Leucosilia banancnsis, paratype b, arm joint, X 3.

8. Leucosilia banancnsis, holotype, arm joint, X 3.

•9. Macrobrachium-?, species, Cat. No. 324248, segment of large cheliped,

X 33.

10. Axiitst, species, Cat. No. 324250, scaphocerite, X 3J.
.11. Goniochcle"! armata Rathbun, holotype, outer view of dactylus of left
cheliped, X 2.

12. Lower view of same, X 2.

13. Nephrops costatus Rathbun, holotype, dactylus of left cheliped, inner

view, X 3*.

14. Dorsal view of same, X 3£.

15. Nephrops costatus, paratype a, dactylus of left cheliped, dorsal view,

X 34.

16. Nephrops costatus, paratype c, propodal finger of left cheUped, dorsal

view, X 3i.

17. Nephrops costatus, paratype 6, dactylus of left cheliped, dorsal view,

X 3$.

18. Petrolisthcs avitus Rathbun, holotype, palm of left cheliped, dorsal view,

X 3i.

19. Inner view of same, X 3J.

20. Ventral view of same, X 3i

21. PacliycUelcs latus Rathbun, holotype. propodus of left cheliped, ventral

view, X 34.
"22. Dorsal view of same.

23. Pachycheles latus, paratype, left chela, dorsal view, X 3i.

24. Calappa costaricana Rathbun, holotype, portion of propodus of left

chela, outer view, X 3.

25. Nephrops, species, Cat. No. 324249, dactylus of right cheliped, prehensile

edge, X 3}.

26. Dorsal view of same, X 3i.

27. Mursilia ecristata Rathbun, holotype, right cheliped, outer view, X 3.

PLATE 58.

FIG. 1. Calappella quadrispina Rathbun, holotype, impression of carapace, X 3.

2. Carapace of figure 1, X 3.

3. Panopeus antepurpureus, Rathbun, holotype, dactylus of right cheliped,

X 3i.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 181

FIG. 4, 5. Panopeus antepurpureus, paratypes, dactyli of right chelipeds, X 3J.
6. Panopeus antepurpureus, paratype, immovable finger of right cheliped,

X 3J.
7-11. Panopeus antepurpureus, paratypes, dactyli of left chelipeds, X 3A.

12. Panopeus tridentatus Rathbun, paratype, dactylus of right cheliped, X 3i.

13. Panopeus tridentatus, paratype, propodal finger of right cheliped, X 3§.

14. Panopeus tridentatus, holotype, dactylus of right cheliped, outer view,

X 3i.

15. Upper edge of same, X 8£.

16. Fragment of Gatunla proavita ff, Cat. No. 324286, showing lobe in profile,

X 2.

17. Flat surface of same, X 2.

18. Callianassa hilli Rathbun. paratype b, sixth segment of pleon, X 2.

19. Callianassa hilli, holotype, merus and carpus of right cheliped, X 2.

20. Callianassa hilli, paratype a, right cheliped, X 2.

21. Mursia macdonaldi Rathbun, holotype, left palm, X 2.

22. Carpilins, species, Cat. No. 324243, piece of propodus of a left ambulatory

leg, X 2.

PLATE 59.

FIG. 1. Callianassa ovalis Rathbun, holotype, left cheliped, X 2.

2. Callianassa ovalis, paratype a, propodus of left cheliped, X 2.

3. Impression of figure 1, X 2.

4. Callianassa ovalis, paratype b, carpus of left cheliped, X 2.

5. Callianassa, species, Cat. No. 324277, manus of left cheliped, X 3i.

6. Callianassa lacunosa Rathbun, holotype, left manus. distal view, X 3.

7. Outer view of same, X 3.

8. Inner view of same, X 3.

9. Callianassa lacunosa, paratype, left manus, inner view, X 3.

10. Outer view of same, X 3.

11. Distal view of same, X 3.

PLATE 60.

FIG. 1. Callianassa moinensis Rathbun, holotype, propodus of right cheliped,
lower view. X 3.

2. Upper view of same, X 3.

3. Outer view of same, X 3.

4. Callianassa elongata Rathbun, holotype, propodus of left cheliped, upper

view, X 2.

5. Outer view of same, X 2.

6. Lower view of same, X 2.

7. Leucosiidae?. indeterminable, Cat. No. 324136, dactylus of left chela,

outer view, X 3$.

8. Upper view of same, X 3*.

9. Callianassa, scotti Brown and Pilsbry, holotype, left manus, lower view,

X 1*.

10. Callianassa scotti, paratype, Cat. No. 2259, left propodus, upper view,

X 1}.

11. Outer view of same, X 1$.

12. Callianassa scotti, Cat. No. 324279, left rnanus, distal view, X 1$.

13. Callianassa tenuis Rathbun, holotype, left manus, inner view, X 3.

14. Outer view of same, X 3.

182 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

PLATE 61.

FIG. 1. Callianassa crafmtt Rathbun, holotype, dactylus of left cheliped, upper
view, X 2.

2. Outer view of same, X 2.

3. Callianassa crassa, paratype, dactylus of 'eft cheliped, outer view, X 3.

4. Caldppa flammea, dactylus of right cheliped, inner view, X 2.

5. Outer view of same, X 2.

6. Callianassa spimilosa Rathbun, paratype iu Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

propodus of left cheliped, outer view, X 2.

7. Callianassa spimilosa, holotype and impvession, left propodus, outer

view, X 2.

8. Distal view of same holotype, X 2.

9. Inner view of same, X 2.

10. Parthenope pleistocenica Rathbun, holotvpe, propodal finger of right

chela, upper view, X 3£.

11. Outer view of same, X 3i.

12. Callianassa stridens Rathbun, holotype, left manus, outer view, X 3.

13. Upper view of same, X 3.

14. Inner view of same, X 3.

15. Callianassa crassimana Rathbun, holotype, propodus of left cheliped.

inner view, X 2.

16. Impression of same, and piece of finger, X 2.

17. Holotype laid against impression of same, outer view, X 2.

18. Hursia obsctira Rathbun, holotype, carapace, X 3.

PLATE 62.

FIG. 1. Callianassa mag no, Rathbun. holotype, dactylus of right cheliped, inner
view, X li.

2. Outer view of same, X li.

3. Upper view of same, X li.

4. Callianassa quadrata Rathbun?, carpus of left cheliped, upper view. X 2.

5. Lower view of same, X 2.

6. Outer view of same, X 2.

7. Callianassa quadrata, holotype, left manus, distal view, X 2.

8. Inner view of same, X 2.

9. Outer view of same, X 2.

10. Callianassa quadrata, paratype a, left manus, outer view, X 2.

11. Inner view of same, X 2.

12. Distal view, X 2.

13. Callianassa quadrata, paratype c, right manus, outer view, X 2.

14. Callianassa quadrata, paratype d, left manus, outer view. X 2.

PT.ATE 63.

«r

FIG. 1. Callianassa abbrc-riata Rathbun, holotype, right manus, inner view, X 3.

2. Outer view of same, X 3.

3. Distal view of same. X 3. t ••

4. Impression of same, X 3.

5. Callianassa abbreriata, paratype ?;, piece of propodus of left cheliped,

outer view. X 3.

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 183

FIG. 6. Callianassa abbreviata, paratype a, left manus, outer view, X 3.

7. Heteractaea lunata (Milne Edwards and Lucas), right chela, Cat. No.

324265, outer view, X 3i.

8. Upper view of same, X 3£.

9. Heteractaea lunata, right chela of Recent specimen, Cat. No. 2146, X 3J.

10. Callianassa vaughani Rathbun, paratype b, portion of propodus of left

cheliped, outer view, X 2.

11. Callianassa vaughani, paratype a, left manus, outer view, X 2.

12. Inner view of same, X 2.

13. Callianassa raughani, holotype. right chela, outer view, X 2.

PLATE 64.

FIG. 1. Aren-aevs, species, Cat. No. 324252, left movable finger, outer view,
X 3*.

2. Cardisoma guanliumi Latreille, propodal finger of left cheliped, outer

view, X 3.

3. Lower view of same, X 3.

4. Upper view of same, X 3.

5. Brachyrhyncha, indeterminable. Cat. No. 324258, merus of ambulatory

leg, X 3.

6. Brachyrhyncha, indeterminable, Cat. No. 324294, right manus, X 3.

7. Uca macrodactylus (Milne Edwards and Lucas), Cat. No. 324251, dacty-

lus of ambulatory leg, X 3*.

10. Callianassa f, species, Cat. No. 324280, merus of right cheliped (?),
view, X 3i.

9. Upper view of same, X 3J.

10. CaUianassaf, species, Cat. No. 324280, merus of right cheliped (?),

X 3i.

11. Euphylax fortis Rathbun, holotype, right side, showing cross sections of

merus of cheliped and of two legs, X 1$.

12. Front view of same, showing remains of fingers, X 1-J.

13. Ventral view of samp, X H

PLATE 65.

FIG. 1. Callincctes, species, Cat. No. 324255, mamis and carpus of left cheliped,
outer view, X ]£.

2. Upper view of same, X 1*.

3. Euphylax callinectias Rathbun, holotype, dorsal view, X 1£.

4. Posterior view of same, X 1£.

5. Ventral view of same, X 1J.

6. Anterior view of same, X 1£.

7. Callincctes, species, Cat. No. 324268, distal third, tip missing, of immov-

able finger, X 3.

' PLATE 66.

FIG. 1. Callincctes declivis Rathbun, holotype, propodus of left cheliped, upper
view, X 1$.

2. Inner view of same, X 1J.

3. Outer view of same, X 1^.

4. Hepatns chilicnsis Milne Edwards, Cat. No. 324235, dactylus of right

chela, inner view, X 3£.

5. Callinectcs rciicitlatits Rathbun, holotype, propodus of right cheliped,

upper view, X 1J.

184 BULLETIN 103, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

FIG. 6. Inner view of same, X 1£.

7. Outer view of same, X li.

8. Panopeus, species, Cat. No. 324254, dactylus of right cheliped, upper

view, X 3.

9. Outer view of same, X 3.

10. Parthenope panamensis Rathbun, holotype, merus of left cheliped, outer

view, X IJ.

11. Inner view of same, X 1J.

12. Hepatus, species, Cat. No. 324239, dactylus of left cheliped, outer view.

X 2.

13. Euryplax culebrensis Rathbun, holotype, propodus of right cheliped,

upper view, X 3J.

14. Outer view of same, X 3$.

15. Thaumastoplax prima Rathbun, paratype, carapace, X 2.

16. Impression of same, X 2.

17. Thaumastoplax prima, holotype, X 2.

18. Impression of same, X 2.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 54

z 8

o =

*/m

u. S.:NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 5$

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 56

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 57

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN J03 PL. 58

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 59

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

FOB EXPLANATION OF PLA1

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL.

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE IE

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 61

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 62

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 182

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 63

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 64

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAQE 183.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL. 65

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 103 PL.

PANAMA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

: SEE PACES 183. 184

LIBRARY

OF CALIFORNIA

SANTA BARPAR4

INDEX.

Page.

abbreviate, Callianassa 125, 129,

137, 147, 182, 183
acanthurus panamense, Macrobra-

chium 131

affine, Eurytium 174

affinis, Panopeus 174

Amorphopus 175

angulata, Goniochele 155

Anomura 134

antepurpureus, Panopeus 128, 130,

172, 180, 181

Arenaeus mexicanus 165

species 128, 130, 165, 183

armate, Goniochele? 125, 129, 154, 180

Mursia 159

Porcellana 135

armatus, Petrolisthes 135

Astacura 132

avitus, Petrolisthes 127, 129, 134, 180

Axiidae 135

Axius 123, 136

reticulatus 125, 129,135, 180

species 128, 129, 136, 180

bahamensis, Cancer 153

Petrochirus 153

Balanus concavus rariseptatus 126, 129

eburneus 127. 128, 129

glyptopoma 127, 129

(Hesperibalanus ?) , s p e -

cics 124,125,129

bananensis, Leucosilia 127, 130, 161, 180

bocourti, Callinectes 166

bouvieri, Petrochirus 129, 153

Brachygnatha 162

Brachyrhyncha 162

family, genus and
species indetermin-
able 125, 130,

177, 178, 183

Brachyura 154

Calappa 160

costaricana 127, 130, 156, 180

flammea 128, 130, 157, 182

gallus 156

zurcheri 124, 130, 157

Calappella 130, 157

quadrispina 125, 130, 157, 180

Calappidae 155

californiensis, Petrochirus 153

Callianassa 124, 136

abbreviate 125, 129, 137, j

147, 182, 183 I

Callianasaa crassa__126, 129, 137, 152, 182
crassimana 125, 129,

137, 141, 182
elongate 125, 129, 136,

139, 146, 181

hilli 126, 129, 137, 148, 181

lacunosa 124, 129.

136, 138, 181

magna__ 125, 129, 137, 151, 182
moinensis 126, 129,

136, 142, 181
ovalis __ 125, 129, 136, 137, 181

pellucida 151

quadrate 124, 125, 129,

137, 145, 182
scotti— 124, 125, 129, 136, 140,

142, 143, 145, 146, 181

species 129, 152, 181

species 125, 129, 153, 183

spinulosa 124, 125, 129,

136, 143, 182

stimpsoni 148

stridens 125, 129,

137, 151, 182
tenuis__ 126, 129, 136, 144, 181

toulai 124, 129, 137, 146

vaughani 125, 126, 129.

137, 148, 183

Callianassidae 136

Callinectes 163, 166, 169

bocourti 160

declivis 127, 130.

162, 164, 183

exasperatus 166

reticulatus 125, 130,

163, 164, 183

sapidus 163

species 125, 130, 164, 183

toxotes 165

callinectias, Euphylax 127, 130,

. 165, 167, 183

Cancer (Astecus) jamaicensis 131

bahamensis 153

Sammeus 157

gallus 156

Cancridae 123

Cardisoma 123

guanhumi 127, 130. 177, 183

Carpilius 171

corallinus 171

species 125, 130, 177. 181

INDEX.

Page.

ehilensis, Panopeus 174

chiliensis, Hepatus 128, 129, 155, 183

concavus rariseptatus, Balanus 126, 129

corallinus, Carpilius 171

costaricana, Calappa 127, 130, 156, 180

costatus, Nephrops- 128, 129, 132, 133, 180
crassa, Callianassa _ 126, 129, 137, 152, 182

crassimana, Callianassa 125,

129, 137, 141, 182

crcnulatum, Eurytium 128, 130, 174, 183

culebrensis, Euryplax— 125, 130, 174, 184

Decapoda 131

declivis, Calllnectes. 127, 130, 162, 164, 183

dovii, Euphylax 166

Dromiacea 154

Dromiidae 154

eburneus, Balanus 127, 128, 129

ecristata, Mursllia 126, 130, 160, 180

elongata, Callianassa 125,

129, 136, 139, 146, 181

Kuctenota mexlcana 165

Kuphylax 123, 166, 167

calllnectias 127,

130, 165, 167, 183

dovil 166

fortis 127, 130, 167, 183

Euryplax 123

culebrensis 125, 130, 174, 184

nitida 175

polita 175

Eurytium 123, 174

afflne 174

crenulatum 128, 130, 174. 183

tristani 1 174

exasperatus, Callinectes 166

oxcavata, Parthenope 179

excavatus, Lambrus 179

flammea, Calappa 128, 130, 157, 182

flammeus, Cancer 157

fortis, Euphylax 127, 130, 167, 183

Galatheidea 134

galathina, Porcellana 135

galathinus, Petrolisthes 135

gallus, Calappa , 156

Cancer 156

Gatunia 130, 168

proavita 126,

130, 168, 179, 180, 181

Gatuniidae 168

Gecarcinidae 177

Gelasimus macrodactylus 177

glyptopoma, Balanus 127, 129

Goneplacidae 123, 174

Goniochele 154

angulata 155

armata 125, 129, 154, 180

granulatus, Petrochirus 153

grossimanus, Pachycheles 134

guanhumi, Cardisoma 127, 130, 177. 183

Flepatus 123

chiliensis 128, 129, 155, 183

species 125, 155, 184

Hesperibalanus, species 124, 125. 129

Page.

Heteractaea 123

lunata 127, 130, 171, 183

Hexaplax 175

Hexapodinae 123, 175

Hexapus 175

hilli, Callianassa— 126, 129, 137, 148, 181

Hoinai-idae 132

injudicata, Lepas 126, 129

jamaicense, Macrobrachium 131

jamaicensis, Cancer (Astacus) 131

jurinei, Leucosilia 128, 130, 161

lacunosa, Callianassa 124

129, 136, 138, 181

Lambdophallus 175

Iiambrus excavatus 179

latus, Pachycheles 127, 129, 134, 180

Lepas injudicata 126, 129

Leucosiidae 161

genus and species inde-
terminable 128,

130, 162, 181

Leucosilia 123

bananensis ___ 127, 130, 161, 180

jurinei 128, 130, 161

lunata, Heteractaea 127, 130, 171,183

lunatus, Pilumnus 171

raacdonaldi, Mursia 126, 130, 158, 181

Macrobrachium 131

acanthurus p a n a -

mense 131

jamaicense 131

mexicanumi 131

species— 126, 129, 130, 180
species- 128, 129, 132, 180

macrodactylus, Gelasimus 177

Uca 128, 130, 177, 183

magna, Callianassa- 125, 129-, 137, 151, 182

Malacostraca 131

mexicana, Euctenota 165

nioxicanum, Macrobrachium 131

mexicanus, Arenaeus 165

Palaemon 131

michelini. Scylla 171

moinensis, Callianassa 126, 129,

136, 142, 181

Mursia 123, 160

armata 159

macdonaldi 126, 130, 158, 181

obscura 124, 130,159, 182

Mursilia 160

eeristata 126, 130, 160, 180

Natantia 131

family, genus, and species

indeterminable 129, 131, 180

Nephrops 133

costatus 128, 129, 132, 180

species 128, 129, 133, 180

Neptunus 163

nitida, Euryplax 175

obscura. Mursia 124,130,159,182

Ocypodidao 177

ovalis, Callianassa__ 125, 129,

136, 137, 181
Oxyrhyncha 178

INDEX.

Ill

Page.

Oxystomata 155

Pachycheles 123

grossimanus 134

latus 127, 129, 134, 180

Paeduma 175

Paguridae 153

Palaemon mexicanus 131

Palaemonidae 131

panamense, Macrobrachium acan-

thurus 131

panamensis, Parthenope- 126, 130, 178, 184

Panopeus 173,174

affinis 174

antepurpureus 128, 130,

172, 180, 181

chilensis 174

purpureus 172

species 125, 130, 173,184

trldentatus ___ 128, 130, 172, 181

Parthonope excavata 179

panamensis. 126, 130, 178, 184

pleistocenica 128, 130,

179, 182

Parthenopidae 178

Pecten 124,141

pellucida, Callianassa 151

Persephona 162

Petrochirus 124

babamensis 153

bonvieri 129, 153

californienais 153

granulatus 153

Petrolisthes 123

armatus 135

avltus 127, 129, 134,180

galathinus 186

Pilumnus lunatus 171

pleistoccnica, Parthenope 128,

130, 179, 182

polita. Euryplax 175

Porcellana arniata 135

galatbina 135

Pagt.

Porcellanidae 134

Portunidae 123, 162

Portunus , 163

sangainolentus 163

prima, Tbaumastoplax 125, 130, 175, 184

Prionoplaclnae 174

proavita, Gatunia 126,

130. 168, 179, 180, 181

purpureus, Panopeus 172

quadrata, Callianassa 124

125. 129, 137, 145, 182
quadrispina, Calappella__ 125, 130, 157, 180

rariseptatus, Balanus concavus 126, 129

Beptantia 132

reticulatus, Axius 125, 129, 135, 180

Callinectes 125,

130, 163, 164, 183

sanguinolentus, Portunus 163

sapidus, Callinectes 163

scotti, Callianassa 124, 125, 129,

136, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 181

Scylla 167, 168, 169, 170

michelini 171

spinulosa, Callianassa 124,

125, 129, 136, 143, 182

stlmpsoni, Callianassa 148

stridens, Callianassa 125,

129, 137, 151, 182
tenuis, Callianassa _ 126, 129, 136, 144, 181

Thalassinidea 135

Thanmastoplax 175

prima _. 125, 130, 175, 184

toulal, Callianassa 124, 129, 137, 146

toxotes, Callinectes 165

trldentatus, Panopeus-.,,. 128, 130, 172, 181

tristani, Eurytium 174

Uca macrodactylus 128, 130, 177, 183

vaugnani, Callianassa 125,

126,129,137,148,183

Xanthidae 171

zurcheri, Calappa 124,130,157

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Full text of "Decapod crustaceans from the Panama region. By Mary J. Rathbun"

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