Department of the Interior [final] environmental impact statement : wilderness recommendations for California Section 202 wilderness study areas

vviluckinESS RECOMMENDATIONS

CALIFORNIA SECTION 202
WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Garcia Mountain WSA
Rockhouse WSA
Domeland WSA
Machesna WSA
Yolla Bolly WSA
Big Butte WSA

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
CALIFORNIA

1988

IN REPLY REFER TO

United States Department of the Interior

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
CALIFORNIA STATE OFFICE

2800 Cottage Way
Sacramento, California 95825

WPC3521G

Dear Reader:

Enclosed is the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) prepared for
the Garcia Mountain, Rockhouse, Domeland, Machesna, Yolla Bolly, and Big
Butte Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) . These six WSAs were
included in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for California Section
202 Wilderness Study Areas which addressed eight WSAs. All eight of the
Section 202 WSAs are adjacent to existing U.S. Forest Service wilderness
areas. Management of any of these WSAs is largely dependent upon manage-
ment objectives of the adjacent wilderness areas. Therefore, close coordi-
nation between the BLM and USFS was maintained throughout preparation of
this EIS to ensure that the Forest Service’s position is correctly
reflected .

The six Section 202 WSAs addressed in this document are not recommended
for wilderness designation. The Forest Service does not support wilderness
management of these Section 202 WSAs as extensions of the existing Forest
Service’s wilderness areas. Therefore, the BLM’s recommendations reflect
not only the analysis in this document but also the Forest Service’s
management concerns. The State Director has the authority to release them
to multiple use management. The two remaining Section 202 WSAs are recom-
mended for wilderness designation as extensions of the adjacent Forest
Service’s wilderness areas. They are included in a separate EIS to be
forwarded to the President and Congress.

The Domeland, Garcia Mountain, Machesna, and Rockhouse WSAs are in the
Bakersfield District and are recommended for non-wilderness designation.
The Big Butte and Yolla Bolly WSAs are in the Ukiah District and are
recommended for non-wilderness designation. The EIS analyzes the impacts
of designating or not designating 5944 acres on the six WSAs as part of
the National Wilderness Preservation System. All recommendations contained

2

herein are preliminary and subject to change during administrative review.
This final Environmental Impact Statement was prepared pursuant to
Section 102(2)(c) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

For further information, contact:

District Manager,

Bureau of Land Management
. Bakersfield District
M Federal' Biiilding, Room 302
800 Truxtun Ave.

.. Bakersfield, California 93301

District Manager

Bureau of Land Management

Ukiah District

555 Leslie Street

Ukiah, California 95482-5599

Sincerely,

Ed Hastey
State Director

lD9Sb£?7/3

BLM CA ES 88 007 8500

J

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR CALIFORNIA

SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

C, 1

BLM LIBRARY
SC-324A, BLOG. 50
DENVER FEDERAL CENTER
P. 0. BOX 25047
DENVER, CO 80225-0047

CA- 010- 012

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA

494

Acres

CA-010-029

ROCKHOUSE WSA

130

Acres

CA-010-032

DOMELAND WSA

2,209

Acres

CA- 010-108

MACHESNA WSA

80

Acres

CA-030-501

YOLLA BOLLY WSA

640

Acres

CA-050-211

BIG BUTTE WSA

2,391

Acres

Prepared. By

Bureau of Land Management
Bakersfield District Office, California
Ukiah District Office, California

^

State Director, California

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS
CALIFORNIA

SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Draft (X) Final ( ) Environmental Impact Statement

1. Type of Action: Administrative (X) Legislative ( )

2 . Abstract :

The Bureau of Land Management has analyzed the impacts and resource
tradeoffs of the proposals for eight Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs)
throughout California. These WSAs encompass a total of 10,994 acres of
public lands. This final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) contains
the analysis for six of the eight WSAs, totalling 5944 acres, which have
been recommended for non- wilderness designation. The two remaining WSAs
are contained in a separate final EIS with the recommendation for partial
or all wilderness designation.

3 . Location of Action:

Bakersfield District

Garcia Mountain WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

San Luis Obispo
County

Rockhouse WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

Tulare County

Domeland WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

Kern County

Machesna WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

San Luis Obispo
County

Ukiah District

Yolla-Bolly WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

Tehama County

Big Butte WSA

No

Wilderness/No

Action

Mendocino/
Trinity Counties

4. For Further Information Contact:

District Manager
Bureau of Land Management
Federal Building, Room 302
800 Truxton Avenue
Bakersfield, California 93301
(805) 961-4406

District Manager

Bureau of Land Management

555 Leslie Street

Ukiah, California 95482-5599

(707 462 3873

ii

SUMMARY

The Bakersfield and Ukiah Districts, California, have prepared a final
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to determine the suitability of six
Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) for inclusion in the National
Wilderness Preservation System. This EIS assesses the environmental con-
sequences of managing the Garcia Mountain, Rockhouse, Domeland, Machesna,
Yolla-Bolly, and Big Butte WSAs as wilderness or non- wilderness . The WSAs
cover 5,944 acres of public land3 entirely within California and are adja-
cent to designated or recommended wilderness areas managed by the U.S
Forest Service. The six WSAs are being studied under the provisions of
Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA).

These WSAs are being studied as amendments to the existing land use plans
which include the Coast/Valley RMP and South Sierra Foothills MFP in the
Bakersfield District, California, and the East Mendocino MFP and Redding
MFP in the Ukiah District, California.

Scoping by the public and within the BLM identified environmental issues
for each WSA related to wilderness designation. The issues were then
assessed to determine if they should be analyzed in detail in the EIS.
The BLM also coordinated this study with the U.S. Forest Service. The
recommendations relect the Forest Service’s management objectives of the
adjacent wilderness areas.

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA - (CA 010-012) 494 Acres

The Garcia Mountain WSA contains 494 acres of public land. The Section 202
WSA is located in San Luis Obispo County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Garcia Mountain WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal none of the 494 acres within the WSA will be designated
wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing
Coast/Valley RMP. One alternative was also considered- an All Wilderness
Alternative in which all 494 acres within the WSA would be designated wil-
derness .

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process--
impacts on wilderness values. Five other issues were also assessed but not
included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included concerns
relating to mineral resource development, recreational 0RV use, fire
management, archaeological resources, and sensitive plant species habitat.

ROCKHOUSE WSA (CA- 010- 029) 130 Acres

The Rockhouse WSA contains 130 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA
is located in Tulare County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal none of the 130 acres within the WSA will be designated
wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing

iii

South Sierra MFP. One alternative was also considered — an All Wilderness
Alternative in which all 130 acres within the WSA would be designated
wilderness .

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process —
impacts on wilderness values. Five other issues were also assessed but
not included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included con-
cerns relating to mineral resource development, fire suppression, recrea-
tional ORV use, archaeological resources, and livestock grazing.

DOMELAND WSA (CA-010-032) 2,209 Acres

The Domeland WSA contains 2,209 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA
is located in Kern County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under
this proposal none of the 2,209 acres within the WSA will be designated
wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing
South Sierra Foothills MFP. One alternative was also considered- -an All
Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 2,209 acres within the WSA would
be designated wilderness.

Three issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping pro-
cess. These issues include impacts on wilderness values, impacts on min-
eral/energy development, and impacts on archaeological resources. Four
other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in
the EIS. These issues included concerns relating to fire suppression,
riparian habitat, recreational ORV use, and livestock grazing.

MACHESNA WSA (CA-010-108) 80 Acres

The Machesna WSA contains 80 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA
is located in San Luis Obispo County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under
this proposal none of the 80 acres within the WSA will be designated wil-
derness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing
Coast/Valley RMP. One alternative was also considered- -an All Wilderness
Alternative in which all of the 80 acres within the WSA would be designated
wilderness .

Two issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process
--impacts on wilderness values and impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro.

Four other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis
in the EIS. These issues included concerns relating to mineral/energy
resources, fire suppression, archaeological resources, and sensitive plant
species .

iv

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA (CA-030-501) 640 Acres

The Yolla-Bolly WSA contains 640 acres of public land. This Section 202
WSA is located in Tehama County within the Ukiah District.

The Proposed Action for the Yolla-Bolly WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal none of the 640 acres within the WSA will be designated
wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing
Redding MFP. One alternative was also considered-- an All Wilderness
Alternative in which all of the 640 acres within the WSA would be desig-
nated wilderness.

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process--
impacts on wilderness values. No other issues were assessed for detailed
analysis in the BIS.

BIG BUTTB WSA (CA-050-211) 2,391 Acres

The Big Butte WSA contains 2,391 acres of public land. This Section 202
WSA is located in Mendocino and Trinity Counties within the Ukiah District.

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal none of the 2,391 acres within the WSA will be desig-
nated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the
existing East Mendocino MFP. One alternative was also considered- -an All
Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 2,391 acres within the WSA would
be designated wilderness.

Two issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process
— impacts on wilderness values and impacts on timber harvest. Four other
issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the
BIS. These issues included concerns relating to anadromous fish spawning,
water quality, wildlife, and cultural resources.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT ii

SUMMARY tti

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF MAPS viii

Introduction

Introduction and General Location 1-1

Purpose and Need for the Proposed Actions 1-3

Format of the EIS 1-3

The Section 202 Wilderness Review Process and

Its Integration with Planning 1-3

Scoping 1-5

Scoping Process 1-5

Identification of Issues 1-6

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 1-6

Description and Analysis of the Specific Section 202 WSAs

* Garcia Mountain WSA (CA-010-012) 2A-1

* Rockhouse WSA ( CA-010-029 ) 2B-1

* Dome land WSA (CA-010-032) 2C-1

* Machesna WSA (CA 010-108) 2D-1

* Yolla Bolly WSA (CA-030-501) 2E-1

* Big Butte WSA (CA 050-211) 2F-1

Consultation and Coordination

Overview of the Process 3-1

Results from the Public Review 3-2

Consultation with other Agencies 3-3

Consistency with other Plans 3-3

Distribution List 3-4

Public Comments on the Draft EIS 3-8

vi

Page

LIST OF PREPARERS LP-1

GLOSSARY G-l

INDEX 1-1

APPENDIX A-l

vii

LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page

1 Comparison of Impacts - Garcia Mountain WSA 2A-10

2 Comparison of Impacts - Rockhouse WSA 2B-10

3 Comparison of Impacts - Domeland WSA 2C-10

4 Comparison of Impacts - Machesna WSA 2D-11

6 Comparison of Impacts - Yolla Bolly WSA 2E-9

7 Comparison of Impacts - Big Butte WSA 2F-12

LIST OF MAPS

No. Title Page

1 Location Map 1-2

2 Garcia Mountain WSA - Proposed Action 2A-7

3 Rockhouse WSA - Proposed Action 2B-7

4 Domeland WSA - Proposed Action 2C-7

5 Machesna WSA - Proposed Action 2D-7

6 Yolla Bolly WSA - Proposed Action 2E-5

7 Big Butte - Proposed Action 2F-7

8 Big Butte - Commercial Forest Lands 2F-17

viii

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL LOCATION

This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) addresses six Section 202 wilder
ness study areas (WSAs) located entirely within California in the Bakers-
field District and Ukiah District, California, of the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM). These wilderness study areas are studied under the
provisions of Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of
1976 (FLPMA). The BLM's Wilderness Inventory Handbook defines these areas
as :

Roadless areas of less than 5,000 acres of contiguous public
lands where any one of the following apply:

1) They are contiguous with lands managed by another agency
which have been formally determined to have wilderness or
potential wilderness values, or

2) The public has indicated strong support for study of a
particular area of less than 5,000 acres and it is demonstrated
that it is clearly and obviously of sufficient size as to make
practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condi-
tion, and of a size suitable for wilderness management, or

3) They are contiguous with an area of less than 5,000 acres
of other Federal lands administered by an agency with authority
to study and preserve wilderness lands, and the combined total
is 5,000 acres or more.

The WSAs in this EIS are adjacent to designated or recommended wilderness
areas managed by the U.S. Forest Service.

The WSAs addressed in this EIS include:

Bakersfield

District

CA- 010- 012

Garcia Mountain WSA

494 Ac.

San Luis Obispo

County

CA-010- 029

Rockhouse WSA

130 Ac.

Tulare County

CA-010-032

Domeland WSA

2,209 Ac.

Kern County

CA- 010-012

Machesna WSA

80 Ac .

San Luis Obispo

County

Ukiah District

CA-030-501

Yolla- Bolly WSA

640 Ac.

Tehama County

CA-050- 211

Big Butte WSA

2,391 Ac.

Mendocino/Trinity

Counties

Introduction

1-1

LOCATION HAP

Yolla-Bolly WSA
640 Acres
Tehama Co., CA

South Warner Contiguous WSA
4,500 Acres
Modoc Co., CA

Big Butte WSA
2,391 Acres
Trinity and

Mendocino Co., CA

Carson-lceberg WSA
550 Acres
Alpine Co., CA

Rockhouse
130 Acres
Tulare Co., CA

Domeland WSA
2,209 Acres
Kern Co., CA

Machesna
80 Acres

San Luis Obispo Co., CA

Garcia Mountain WSA
494 Acres

San Luis Obispo Co., CA

BLM WILDERNESS STUDY

for

EIGHT SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Introduction

1-2

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTIONS

The purpose of the Proposed Actions for the WSAs in this study is to set
forth a pattern of management actions for each of the six WSAs.

In 1978, BLM began a wilderness inventory to identify lands having wilder-
ness characteristics. Lands found to have these characteristics, as
defined by the Congress in the Wilderness Act, were designated as Wilder-
ness Study Areas to undergo further review as required by Section 603 of
Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) of 1976. The wilderness
characteristics are: size, naturalness, solitude, and opportunities for
primitive and unconfined recreation. BLM completed its inventories by
1980 with approximately 25 million acres in the 11 western states identi-
fied for study as WSAs. In California, about 6.3 million acres were
identified.

Certain lands identified for study were less than the minimum 5,000 acres
in size. Because those areas would possess all the wilderness character-
istics when included with contiguous Forest Service or other agency lands,
they were considered for wilderness under the discretionary wilderness
study authority provided by Section 202 of FLPMA. These areas were
referred to as "Section 202 WSAs."

The Section 202 WSAs were later dropped from consideration by Secretary
Watt in December 1982. Analysis of these areas was deleted from the
Environmental Impact Statements being prepared at that time. In response
to ruling in regard to the legality of Secretary Watt’s decision, however,
Secretary Donald P. Hodel directed BLM to reconsider the Section 202 WSAs.

FORMAT OF THE EIS

This Section 202 Wilderness Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is
comprised of three primary sections. The introduction provides an overview
of the study process as it relates to the six Section 202 WSAs being
studied. Following the introduction, the EIS includes detailed discussions
of the issues; the Proposed Action and alternative( s ) ; affected environ-
ment; and environmental consequences for each individual WSA. The final
section relates to all the WSAs and deals with the consultation and
coordination efforts with other Federal, State, and local agencies as well
as comments presented by the public.

THE SECTION 202 WILDERNESS REVIEW PROCESS AND
ITS INTEGRATION WITH PLANNING

To accomplish the mandate of Section 603 of FLPMA, the BLM developed a
wilderness review process containing three phases: inventory, study, and
reporting. This same process is used for the Section 202 WSAs which are
being studied in accordance with the general land use planning provisions
of Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), and
policies that provide for wilderness consideration of areas of less than
5,000 acres if they are adjacent to lands with wilderness potential admin-
istered by other Federal agencies.

1-3

Introduction

The first phase of this process, initiated in 1978, involved inventorying
all the public lands to identify areas containing wilderness characteris-
tics as described in the Wilderness Act. Areas found to possess wilderness
characteristics were selected for study; areas found to lack wilderness
characteristics were dropped from further consideration. Public participa-
tion opportunities were provided during the inventory and all decisions
were subject to appeal.

This inventory process and a general description of all of California’s
WSAs are given in Wilderness: Final Intensive Inventory, Public Lands

Administered by BLM California Outside the California Desert Conservation
Area (1979). A copy of this publication is available at any BLM office.

The second step in the review process was to integrate wilderness evalua-
tion into the BLM Planning System (43 CFR 1600), which in this case,
involves amendments to existing Management Framework Plans (MFP) and
Resource Management Plans (RMP). The wilderness study criteria and quality
standards containing the BLM’s Wilderness Study Policy: Policies, Criteria

and Guidelines for Conducting Wilderness Studies on Public Lands (47 FR
5098-5122) were applied to each WSA.

In addition to the above referenced criteria and standards, issues for
discussion were identified through public comment and internal scoping;
conflicts were analyzed, and alternatives were developed. See the indi-
vidual sections for each of the Section 202 WSAs for a discussion of the
selection of the Proposed Actions and development of alternatives as well
as issues and alternatives considered but not found to be significant
enough for detailed analysis. These alternatives are the basis for analy-
sis of environmental consequences and resource tradeoffs.

Two final Environmental Impact Statements (FEIS) have been prepared with
State Director's concurrence following public review of the draft Environ-
mental Impact Statement (DEIS). All eight of the Section 202 WSAs are

adjacent to existing U.S. Forest Service wilderness areas. Management of
any of these Section 202 WSAs would be dependent upon management
objectives of the adjacent Forest Service wilderness areas. Six of the

eight Section 202 WSAs from the DEIS have been recommended for
non wilderness designation and are included in this FEIS. The Forest

Service does not support wilderness designation of these Section 202 WSAs
as extensions of the existing Forest Service wilderness areas. Therefore,
the BLM’s recommendations reflect not only the analysis in this document
but also the Forest Service’s management concerns. For the Section 202
WSAs not recommended for wilderness designation, the State Director has
the authority under FLPMA to release those public lands from wilderness
study and return them to multiple use management in accordance with
existing land use plans.

There is a 30- day public review period on the FEIS. A draft Record of

Decision is then filed for a 60- day Governor's Review, after which the

Record of Decision is completed. Multiple use management may begin 30 days
after the State Director signs the record of decision.

The two Section 202 WSAs recommended for wilderness designation are

included in a separate FEIS that will be reviewed by the BLM Director and

the Secretary of the Interior, who will file the FEIS and make a recommen
dation to the President. Subsequently, the President has up to two years

Introduction

1-4

to make his final recommendation to Congress. Congress has the sole

authority to designate an area as wilderness. Until Congress decides

whether or not to designate any of these areas as wilderness, the WSAs
will be managed in accordance with the Bureau's Interim Management Policy
and Guidelines for Lands Under Wilderness Review (Department of the Inter-
ior, December 1979, as amended 1983).

SCOPING

The Council on Environmental Quality Regulations Implementing the National
Environmental Policy Act (40 CFR Part 1501.7) and the BLM planning regula
tions (43 CFR 1610.4-1) require an early and open process for determining
the scope of issues to be addressed and for identifying the significant
issues related to a proposed action. Scoping determines the significant
issues to be analyzed in the EIS and identifies and eliminates from
detailed study insignificant issues or issues addressed in earlier environ-
mental reviews. Scoping thus reduces the length of the EIS and emphasizes
the real alternatives and impacts.

During this process, the scope and importance of issues related to the
Proposed Action and alternatives were identified. Information obtained
during the scoping process was one of the sources used to determine which
impact topics would be addressed in detail in this EIS. Additional pur-
poses of the scoping process are to inform affected Federal, state, and
local agencies and other interested parties about the proposed project,
and to identify existing environmental reports and information related to
the impact assessment.

The scoping process involved discussions with the public and resource
specialists and managers of BLM and other relevant agencies. Written
comments were received and compiled as a result of Federal Register
announcements, news releases, mailings, and articles about the proposal.
Comments were also solicited during public meetings. In addition, the
initial scoping effort has been followed by an effort to continue agency
and public involvement throughout the development of this EIS. In
particular, because management of any of the Section 202 WSAs would be
largely dependent upon management objectives of the adjacent U.S. Forest
Service wilderness areas, close coordination between the BLM and USFS was
maintained throughout preparation of this EIS.

SCOPING PROCESS

* Initial wilderness inventory and public comment period - 1978-1979.

* Intensive wilderness inventory and public comment period - 1979 1980.

A Notice of Intent to prepare plan amendments for the Coast/Valley RMP and
South Sierra Foothills MFP in the Bakersfield District, California;
Tuledad/Homecamp MFP and Alturas RMP in the Susanville District,
California; East Mendocino MFP and Redding Land Use Plan in the Ukiah

1-5

Introduction

District, California; and the Walker RMP in the Carson City District,
Nevada, and an Environmental Impact Statement for the eight wilderness
study areas included in the draft EIS was published in the Federal Register
on December 2, 1986.

A scoping letter and mailing list renewal card was mailed to over 1,250
organizations, agencies and individuals on the Bakersfield, Susanville,
Ukiah, and Carson City, Nevada Districts’ wilderness mailing lists. This
letter explained the planning process and asked for identification of
issues for the study areas. Thirty responses were received.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

During the scoping process environmental issues relating to whether a WSA
is to be managed as wilderness or managed for multiple resource values were
identified by the BLM, the public, and by other Federal, State, and local
agencies. After the issues were identified for each WSA, they were
assessed to determine if they would be selected for detailed analysis in
the EIS. Generally, the issues focused on the impact on wilderness values
as a result of designation or nondesignation of the area as wilderness.
Additional concerns assessed for consideration in the EIS related to the
impact on resources such as water quality, threatened and endangered
species, fisheries, wildlife, and cultural resources. Issues related to
activities such as recreational ORV use, mineral/energy development, and
timber harvest were also assessed for analysis in the EIS.

A further discussion of specific issues analyzed in detail in the EIS and
the issues dismissed from further analysis is contained in the individual
sections of this document that follow for each WSA.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

Development of the Proposed Action is guided by requirements of the
Bureau’s Planning Regulations, 43 CFR Part 1600. The BLM’s Wilderness
Study Policy (published February 3, 1982, in the Federal Register) supple-
ments the planning regulations by providing specific factors to be consid-
ered during the planning sequence in developing suitability recommenda-
tions .

In this document, the No Action Alternative, as required by the National
Environmental Protection Act, and the No Wilderness Alternative are equiva-
lent. Both advocate continuation of management as outlined in the existing
MFPs and RMPs .

The All Wilderness Alternative represents the maximum possible acreage
that could be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation.

Partial Wilderness Alternatives can make suitable or nonsuitable recommen-
dations ranging between the All Wilderness and No Action Alternatives. A
Partial Wilderness Alternative can recommend as suitable for wilderness
designation something less than the entire acreage of one WSA.

Introduction

1-6

A discussion of the selection of the Proposed Action and development of
alternatives for each WSA is included in the sections of this document that
follow describing the individual WSAs . For each WSA, any alternatives that
were considered but not included in the EIS for further analysis are also
identified .

1-7

Introduction

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

OF THE SPECIFIC
SECTION 202 WSAs

Garcia Mountain WSA

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA
( CA-010-012 )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2A-3

General Description of the Area 2A-3

Identification of Issues 2A-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2A-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2A-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2A-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2A-5

Recreation Management Actions 2A-5

Fire Management Actions 2A-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2A-6

Grazing Management Actions 2A-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2A-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2A-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2A-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2A-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2A-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2A-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2A-11

Wilderness Values 2A-11

Naturalness 2A-11

Solitude 2A-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2A-11

Special Features 2A-11

Land Ownership 2A-11

Recreation 2A-12

Visual Resources 2A-12

Cultural Resources 2A-12

Wildlife 2A-13

Vegetation 2A-14

Soils and Watershed Resources 2A-14

Minerals and Energy 2A-14

Livestock Grazing 2A-15

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSBQUBNCBS 2A-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2A-16

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2A-16

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2A-17

Garcia Mountain

2A-1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2A-17

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2A-17

All Wilderness Alternative 2A-17

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2A-17

MAP

Proposed Action 2A-7

Garcia Mountain

2A-2

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA

(CA-OIO- 012)
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Garcia Mountain WSA consists of two separate 40 acre parcels of public
land in San Luis Obispo County that are adjacent to the USFS Garcia Further
Planning Area (recommended suitable for wilderness designation in the Los
Padres National Forest’s Draft Land Management Plan). These small, iso-
lated parcels have stands of blue oak along seasonal Stony Creek with some
coast live oak on north- facing slopes. Annual grasses are found beneath
these stands of trees. Chaparral is mixed throughout these areas and is
thickest high above the drainages.

There are no special features within the WSA. The WSA extends from the
border of the USFS Garcia Further Planning Area along each 40- acre parcel’s
eastern boundary only.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Garcia Mountain Section 202 WSA, the following issue was identified
during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have
beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy-
sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected
for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason
for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Mineral Resource Development

Development of mineral resources within designated wilderness areas
could be affected by wilderness management restrictions. However,
the potential for mineral resources within the Garcia Mountain WSA is
considered low, and no mining claims or mineral leases exist in the
WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further consideration.

- Impacts Recreational ORV Use

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the
recreational ORV opportunities in the Garcia Mountain WSA was con-
sidered but dropped from further consideration. Only one- quarter
mile of an existing ORV route is found in this WSA. This route is
access controlled by the Los Padres National Forest at either end and
is closed to ORV traffic. Wilderness designation would not change
the current access situation, therefore, the issue was dropped.

2A-3

Garcia Mountain

- Impacts on Fire Management Actions

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on fire suppression activities. Although the Bureau’s
wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on
suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as
not to significantly constrain effective fire management. This issue
was considered but dropped from detailed analysis.

- Impacts on Preservation of Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological
resources within the Garcia Mountain WSA. A cultural records search
found no recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the WSA.
Although the cultural resource sensitivity of the WSA is unknown,
there are no projected management actions that would result in
surface disturbance. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further
analysis in the BIS.

- Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species Habitat

Concerns were raised over the possibility of suspected candidate
species Lupinus ludoviscianus being found in the shaded drainages of
the WSA. No RT&E plants have been identified within the WSA.
Additional field surveys would be conducted in the future if manage-
ment actions affected the drainages within the WSA. Therefore, this
issue was not considered for detailed analysis in the WSA.

SBLECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Garcia Mountain WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative
were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non-wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Garcia Mountain WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal none of the 80 acres will be designated wilderness,
but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this
document and in detail in the Coast/Valley RMP (1984).

The rationale for this proposal includes: (1) the wilderness values of the

area are not outstanding, and (2) the current management has proven effect-
ive in maintaining the area's existing resources. The Los Padres National
Forest has indicated that the lack of wilderness values and the geographic
configuration of the two projecting "fingers” of the WSA will decrease
manageability of the USFS Garcia Mountain area, which is recommended for
wilderness, if the Garcia Mountain 202 WSA is designated wilderness.

Garcia Mountain

2A- 4

All Wilderness Alternative

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The All Wilderness Alternative would designate the entire 80 acres in the
Garcia Mountain WSA as wilderness. The All Wilderness Alternative repre-
sents the maximum possible acreage that could be recommended for wilderness
designation.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED PROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

Alternatives that included the entire 494 acres that comprised the five
parcels in the original WSA were considered for analysis. However, The
California Wilderness Act of 1984 released all of the adjacent Forest
Service lands from consideration for wilderness designation except for the
proposed Garcia Mountain Wilderness. Only two of the BLM parcels totaling
80 acres are adjacent to the proposed Forest Service wilderness area. The
remaining 414 acres no longer are adjacent to other Federal lands under
wilderness consideration- -the reason they were considered as a Section 202
WSA in the first place-- and therefore do not meet the requirements for
wilderness study under Section 202 of FLPMA. Consequently, alternatives
that consider all 494 acres of the original WSA are not included in the
EIS for analysis.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur
and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 80 acres within the Garcia Mountain
WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multi-
ple use under the guidance of the Coast/Valley Resource Management Plan
(RMP) .

Recreation Management Actions

The lands within the WSA have only one vehicle route which crosses the
northernmost 40 acre parcel for one- quarter mile. The route begins on
USFS lands however it is closed to vehicles so there is no vehicular access
to the Garcia Mountain WSA. There are no plans to encourage the Forest
Service to open this access up to be able to drive/ride to such a small BLM

2 A 5

Garcia Mountain

parcel. An estimated 10 visitor days per year occur within the WSA; this
amount of visitation Is mostly In the form of occasional hunter pass
throughs. Development of recreational facilities, such as campgrounds, is
not anticipated because of the low use the area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Fire suppression within the Garcia Mountain WSA including the use of
mechanized fire equipment, will continue to be provided by the California
Department of Forestry (under contract to the BLM) . No roads or trails
will be improved for fire management nor will any firebreaks be con-
structed. No presuppression activities are planned for the WSA.

Wildl lfe Management Actions

No wildlife management actions are planned in the Garcia Mountain WSA.
Grazing Management Actions

No grazing is authorized within the WSA; therefore no actions are planned.
Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the WSA will be open to all forms of mineral
entry including mineral leasing. However, the potential for mineral
resources is considered low. There are no mining claims located in the
WSA. There are also no oil and gas leases nor lease applications filed
for lands within the WSA. Therefore, while exploration and development of
mineral resources will be permitted, there is no mineral/energy activity
anticipated within a 15-20 year planning projection.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned within the Garcia Mountain
WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no cultural resource management actions planned due to low
cultural sensitivity within the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions

No land tenure adjustment management actions are planned.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness.

The entire 80-acre Garcia Mountain WSA would be designated wilderness.
This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be
designated wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the
recommended USFS Garcia Mountain Further Planning area to preserve wilder-
ness values.

Garcia Mountain

2A- 6

MAP

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA - PROPOSEO ACTION

1 878

o/6 81

x/634

\WV'

1768

■1400

Wilderness Study Area

X’/ 75 f.

Forest Service

Proposed Forest Service
Wilderness Area ]

mm

Primitive Vehicle Route

2 §1

GARCIA MOUNTAIN SECTION 20
WILDERNESS STUDY AREA
PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

vr&i*i 9

Garcia Mountain

2A-7

MAP

Garcia Mountain

2A-8

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation use within
the 80- acre WSA. Since vehicular access to the WSA Is currently closed
there would be no change from the current management.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA
and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed wing
aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control.
Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the terrain and
soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative
cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers would not be
permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or
high-value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no wildlife manage-
ment actions.

Grazing Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no grazing manage-
ment actions.

Mineral/Rnergy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the WSA would be closed to all forms of mineral
entry including mineral leasing. There are no mining claims or mineral
leases within the WSA. Based on the low potential for mineral resources
in the WSA, it is not anticipated that any mineral discovery would occur
prior to wilderness designation that would establish valid existing rights.
Therefore, no mineral development would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no vegetation
management actions.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

Cultural resource management actions would be the same as described under
the Proposed Action.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no land tenure
adjustment actions. However, a cooperative agreement would establish
management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in conjunction with
their recommended Garcia Mountain Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

2A-9

Garcia Mountain

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA

ISSUE- RELATED
RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

Nondesignation of the WSA as
wilderness will not result
in any anticipated impacts to
the wilderness values. There
are no management actions
projected that will result
in a loss of wilderness
values and the perception of
naturalness will be main-
tained. Potential fire
suppression activities as a
result of wildfires could
lead to short-term impacts
to the perception of natural-
ness .

Wilderness designation of
the Garcia Mountain WSA
would result in a slight
positive benefit. Long-
term protection from
unanticipated future
actions that could result
in potential adverse
impacts would be pro-
vided .

Garcia Mountain

2A-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Garcia Mountain WSA and
the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the
Proposed Action and alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis-
trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES

Naturalness

The two small 40- acre parcels that make up this WSA generally retain their
primeval character and influence, with the imprint of man’s work substan-
tially unnoticeable . The northernmost parcel has Forest Service Road No.
15E06 crossing it from north to south paralleling Stony Creek. This road
does not show on the Forest Service public maps and has been closed to
vehicles. The road has not been maintained in years and resembles a
primitive trail, thereby affecting the naturalness of the parcel very
little. No structures or fences are known to exist in either parcel. No
vegetation manipulation has taken place in this WSA.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are limited due to its small size
and boundary with private land on three sides (both 40-acre parcels border
Forest Service land only on their east sides).

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity for primitive and unconfined types of recreation
are present; the northern parcel in this WSA contains Forest Service Road
No. 15E06 which is closed to motorized vehicles and sees very little
visitor use (an estimated 10 hunters per year pass through). The southern
parcel has no physical access (trails) and is choked with thick vegetation;
no use is projected.

Special Features

The WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of scienti-
fic, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA consists of two separate 40- acre parcels bordering Forest Service
land on their east boundaries. The only access is to the northern parcel
via Forest Service Road No. 15E06. No right-of-way exists for this vehicle
route constructed in 1934 (U.S. Forest Service does have a ROW from the

2A-11

Garcia Mountain

adjacent landowners but not BLM) . The lands to the east of the WSA have
been recommended for wilderness designation under the preferred alternative
in the Los Padres National Forest Land Management Plan.

RECREATION

Less than 10 visitor days per year are anticipated in this WSA. The route
through the northern parcel (one-quarter mile) is closed on either end by
the Forest Service to vehicles. The only visitors who venture down to the
WSA are hunters either using the Forest Service Road No. 15E06, or possibly
following Stony Creek.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The WSA has a natural character with a pleasing variety of taller trees
along the drainages and some thick stands of brush. The road in the
northern parcel remains visually subordinate. No structures are apparent.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The area encompassing the Garcia Mountain WSA was aboriginally inhabited
by the Chumash. The Chumash, a Hokan speaking linguistic group, occupied
most of the San Luis Obispo County, and extended as far south as the San
Fernando Valley and Malibu Canyon area. The eastern perimeter of their
territory is not well defined, although the crest of the Temblor Range is
viewed as the likely interface between the Chumash and the Yokuts tribal
groups. Ethnographically , the region most densely occupied was along the
Santa Barbara Coast; while the population declined rapidly towards the
north and the interior (Breschini, et al., 1983).

Subsistence was based upon hunting, fishing and gathering of wild plant
foods. The marine resources were a primary foodstuff for many of the
coastal Chumash groups, although terrestrial resources also played a major
role in their diet. The interior Chumash made maximum use of the available
food resources provided by their environment. Some important food staples
consisted of game animals, acorns, seeds and a variety of plant foods
(Breschini, et al., 1983).

Spanish land expedition along the coastal region began in 1769 under the
leadership of Don Caspar de Portola. This initial land expedition and
those that followed by other Spanish explorers resulted in a period of
settlement in the form of missions, outstations, pueblos and presidios
along the Pacific coast. This period between 1770-1821 is referred to as
the Spanish Colonial Period (Breschini, et al., 1983). During this period,
the Native American population experienced a devastating change in their
lifestyle and population level. By approximately the late 1830s, the
native populations along the coast were reduced to less than 25 percent of
their original number, largely through the introduction of European dis-
eases. Aboriginal culture and lifeways had been effectively destroyed by
this time.

Garcia Mountain

2A-12

The Mexican (Rancho) Period commenced with the birth of an independent
Mexican state in 1822, and terminated with the founding of the California
Republic and the annexation of California by the United States in 1846.
The missions were secularized, during this period, which resulted in
scattering of the Indian populations that had been closely tied to the
missions during the Spanish Colonial Period. Some of the native population
worked on the new ranchos as cowboys or servants, while others attempted
to return to their pre-mission lifestyles within and outside of their own
native cultural boundary (Breschini, et al . , 1983).

During the historic American Period which began approximately in 1847, the
geographic region encompassing the Garcia Mountain WSA was utilized pri-
marily for mineral exploitation, grazing, and agricultural purposes.

Based on a cultural records search at the Central Coastal Information
Center in Santa Barbara on January 7, 1987, and a historical/archaeological
literature review, investigations reveal no historical or archaeological
sites within or adjacent to the Garcia Mountain WSA. There are no known
National Register of Historic Places properties or California Historic
Landmarks within or near the WSA. Due to a very limited amount of archae-
ological field investigations in the geographic region encompassing the
WSA and lack of any inventory survey within the WSA, the cultural sensi-
tivity for the Garcia Mountain WSA is unknown. However, based on the
physiographic setting and the nearness of the WSA to the confluence of
water drainages, it is possible that cultural resources may occur within
the confines or adjacent to the WSA.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are
those associated with hunting/gathering and processing of natural food
resources. Probable archaeological site types which may be encountered in
the Garcia Mountain WSA are lithic flake scatters, earth roasting pits,
middens, and milling stations. These cultural manifestations may occur
separately or in a combination of two or more per site.

WILDLIFE

Stony Creek bisects the northern 40-acre parcel in a north to south direc-
tion. Vegetation on the east-facing slope is 70 percent chamise chaparral
with lesser amounts of blue oak woodland and annual grassland. Live oak
becomes a stronger component with proximity to Stony Creek. Stony Creek
supports a riparian community dominated by California sycamore and Fremont
cottonwood. This unsurveyed ephemeral creek has a 40 percent chance of
supporting trout. The parcel provides bottomland habitat for black tailed
deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, California Quail, Great Horned
Owl, and various woodpecker species.

The southern 40- acre parcel lies on a tributary to Stony Creek. The
south- facing slope is a mixture of chamise chaparral, blue oak woodland,
sof t chaparral, and a lesser amount of annual grassland. The tributary
does not support a well-defined riparian zone and possesses a low fisheries
potential. The north-facing slope is predominately mature live oak wood-
land. Species typical to the northern parcel, are also present throughout
the southern parcel. Both parcels receive little hunting due to poor
public access.

2A-13

Garcia Mountain

VEGETATION

Both 40-acre parcels have stands of blue oak along drainages with some
Coast live oaks on north-facing slopes. Annual grasses are found beneath
these tree stands. Chaparral is mixed within these areas and is thickest
high above the drainages. A suspected candidate RTE species, Luplnus
ludovlsclanus might be found along the shaded creek bottom (has not been
located but possibility exists).

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils are mainly very deep clay loams of the Los Osos series on the side-
slopes grading into shallow loams and clay loams toward the hilltops.
Hilltop areas also contain significant amounts of rock outcrops and small
rock fragments in the soil itself. The soils have a moderately high
organic matter content and a moderately high water holding capacity. They
tend to have low soil strength and deform easily when wet. Slopes are 10
to 50 percent.

MINERALS AND ENERGY
Geology

The WSA is located in the Coastal Range geomorphic province of California.
This province is typified by northwesterly fault systems roughly parallel-
ing the mountain ranges. One such fault, recently remapped by Dibblee
(1986) as part of the Rinconada Fault is less than half a mile east of the
subject land. Underlying the two parcels are Cretaceous (65-136 million
years before present) sandstone and shale, deposited in a marine environ-
ment and derived from a granitic source (Dibblee, 1986). The potential
for mineral resources in this area is considered to be low to nonexistent
based on the geologic environment.

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims located in the WSA as indicated by the Bureau’s
mining claim index dated March 25, 1988. Only one claim is listed in the
entire township in Section 31; assessment work has not been timely filed
since 1984.

Oil and Gas Leasing

There are no leases nor lease applications filed for lands within the WSA
as of March 25, 1988. Oil and gas lease CA 11456 (480 acres) has been
issued a quarter mile from the southern parcel of the WSA. However, there
has been no development activity. Wildcat drilling has occurred in the
area 5 to 10 miles south and southwest of the WSA.

Drilling dates from as early as 1929 to as late as 1983 resulted in
approximately 50 holes. All of the holes are incompleted, abandoned, or
idle (Munger, 1985).

Garcia Mountain

2 A- 14

The WSA Is underlain by Cretaceous (65-125 million years before present)
aged sedimentary rocks; all of the drilling south and west of the WSA is
located on significantly younger Miocene sedimentary rocks.

The east Huasna Fault separates the wildcat area from the WSA (Jennings,
1958).

Based on the local geology and the historic exploration activities outside
the WSA, the potential for oil and gas exploration development is consid-
ered to be low. No oil and gas activity is anticipated within the WSA.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is no livestock grazing authorized within the Garcia Mountain WSA,
nor have any range improvements been constructed.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described
issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the
area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

2 A- 15

Garcia Mountain

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 80 acres in the Garcia Mountain WSA
will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will
be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing Coast/Valley
RMP .

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS proposed Garcia Mountain
Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values.
No other issues were identified for detailed analysis with regards to the
WSA.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action will not result in any of the 80 acres in the WSA
being designated as wilderness. None of the wilderness values on the 80
acres will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilder-
ness designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA include
naturalness and solitude, however these values are generally dependent upon
the wilderness values of the adjacent USFS proposed Garcia Mountain WSA.
Opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation are limited by the
small size of the two separate 40- acre parcels as well as the dense vege-
tation and lack of physical access. There are no special features
identified within the WSA.

Although there will be no administrative or legislative closure of the WSA
to recreational vehicle use, there is currently no vehicular access to
either of the 40- acre parcels. The one-quarter mile of primitive route
through the northern parcel is controlled by the Los Padres National
Forest. The route is currently closed with no plan to open or maintain
the route for vehicle use. Therefore, there will be no recreational
vehicle use within the WSA with no resulting impacts to wilderness values
including naturalness.

The WSA will remain open to mineral/energy exploration and development.
The low potential for mineral/energy resources in the WSA indicates that
no mineral/energy activity is anticipated. With no mineral/energy activity
projected, especially surface disturbances, there are no impacts to wilder-
ness values anticipated as a result of mineral/energy exploration and
development .

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact
on the area's naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required
for fire fighting activities. However, these impacts, primarily surface
disturbance, will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including
harrowing and seeding.

Garcia Mountain

2A-16

Conclusion:

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any antici-
pated impacts to the wilderness values. There are no management
actions projected that will result in a loss of wilderness values and
the perception of naturalness will be maintained. Potential fire
suppression activities as a result of wildfires could lead to short-
term impacts to the perception of naturalness.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions under the Proposed Action that will
result in any unavoidable adverse impacts. Fire suppression activities
could result in short-term adverse impacts if mechanized equipment is
required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of Man's Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity

Within the entire 80 acres of the WSA, all present short-term uses, pri-
marily a low level of nonmotorized recreation, will continue. The long-
term productivity of the WSA will be maintained. Without wilderness
designation, the possibility of activities such as mineral/energy develop-
ment that could reduce long-term productivity is greater than under wilder-
ness designation. However, in the Garcia Mountain WSA the potential for
mineral/energy resources is considered low, and no development is antici-
pated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing
activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources are
anticipated.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 80 acres of the Garcia
Mountain WSA would be recommended for wilderness designation. This Section
202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS proposed
Garcia Mountain Wilderness Area to protect wilderness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 80-acre Garcia Mountain WSA would receive
special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There
would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation.
However, as described under the Proposed Action there are no planned
management actions that would impact the wilderness values of the WSA.

2A-17

Garcia Mountain

Closure of the WSA to recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy explora
tion and development would assure long-term protection although there is
currently no use or projected activities. Wilderness values, particularly
naturalness and solitude, would be retained.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness
management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand crews
and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Garcia Mountain WSA would result in a
slight positive benefit. Long-term protection from unanticipated
future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be
provided.

Garcia Mountain

2 A- 18

Rockhouse WSA

ROCKHOUSE WSA
( CA-010-029 )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2B-3

General Description of the Area 2B-3

Identification of Issues 2B-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2B-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2B-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2B-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2B-5

Recreation Management Actions 2B-5

Fire Management Actions 2B-5

Wildlife Management Actions 2B-6

Grazing Management Actions 2B-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2B-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2B-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2B-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2B-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2B-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2B-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2B-11

Wilderness Values 2B-11

Naturalness 2B-11

Solitude 2B-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2B-11

Special Features 2B-11

Land Ownership 2B-11

Recreation 2B-12

Visual Resources 2B- 12

Cultural Resources 2B-12

Wildlife 2B-13

Vegetation 2B-13

Soils and Watershed Resources 2B-13

Minerals and Energy 2B-13

Livestock Grazing 2B-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2B-14

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2B-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2B-15

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2B-16

2B-1

Rockhouse

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2B-16

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2B-16

All Wilderness Alternative 2B-16

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2B-16

MAP

Proposed Action 2B-7

Rockhouse

2B-2

ROCKHOUSE WSA

( CA- 010-029 )
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Rockhouse Section 202 WSA consists of a small 130- acre parcel south of
Kennedy Meadows in eastern Tulare County. Pinyon pine, western juniper and
an understory of big sage, Douglas rabbitbrush, and needlegrass comprise
the predominant vegetation on the single hill that makes up this WSA. No
water sources exist within the WSA. No special features are found within
the WSA.

The WSA adjoins the USFS Domeland Wilderness along its western boundary
for one-half mile. This parcel is within a portion of the Monache- Walker
Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Rockhouse Section 202 WSA, the following issue was identified
during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the ETS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have
beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy-
sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected
for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason
for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Mineral Resource Development

Development of mineral resources within designated wilderness areas
could be affected by wilderness management restrictions. However,
the potential for mineral resources within the Rockhouse WSA is
considered low. No mining claims or mineral leases exist in the
WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further consideration.

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered
but dropped from detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's wilderness
management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression
measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to
significantly constrain effective fire management.

2B-3

Rockhouse

- Impacts on Recreational ORV Use

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the
recreational ORV opportunities in the Rockhouse WSA was considered
but dropped from further consideration. No ORV recreational routes
currently exist in the WSA and all ORV cross-country travel is
prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area’s off-road vehicle use
designations .

- Impacts on Preservation of Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological
resources within the Rockhouse WSA. This issue was considered but
dropped from further analysis. A cultural records search found no
recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the Rockhouse
WSA. Although the predicted cultural resource sensitivity is con-
sidered to be moderate to high, there are no projected management
actions that would result in surface disturbance. Therefore, this
issue was dropped from further analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Livestock Grazing Operations

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on grazing operations. The WSA is only a very small part
of the large Walker Pass West grazing allotment. The WSA is located
almost entirely on range unsuitable for grazing due to steep slopes
and rockiness. The only grazing improvement within the WSA is a
boundary fence on the western edge that would be maintained without
vehicle access if the area were given wilderness status. Therefore
this issue was dropped from further analysis in the EIS.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Rockhouse WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were
selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
130 Acres Non-wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal, none of the 130 acres will be designated wilderness,
but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this
document and in detail in the South Sierra Foothills MFP (1983). The
rationale for the proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the area

are not outstanding and (2) current management has proven effective in
maintaining the area’s existing resources. The Sequoia National Forest
has indicated that Rockhouse WSA does not possess wilderness or resource
values that will enhance the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area. Additionally
the addition of this WSA to their designated wilderness area will contri-
bute to a potentially unmanageable boundary with the WSA protruding like a
finger with no specific topographic delineation.

Rockhouse

2B--4

All Wilderness Alternative

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 130-acre Rockhouse WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig-
nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

The small size and lack of topographic boundaries of the 130-acre Rockhouse
WSA did not offer opportunities to develop a partial wilderness alterna-
tive .

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actionj have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the KIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could
occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
130 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 130 acres within the Rockhouse WSA
will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple
use under the guidance of the South Sierra Management Framework Plan.

Recreation Management Actions

There are no ORV routes within this WSA although the entire eastern bound-
ary is bordered by a major dirt road. This access road is blocked by a
gate on private land to the north so access is difficult. Very little
nonmotorized recreation, probably less than 5 visitor days per year, occurs
on this WSA (hunting and pinyon nut collection along road). No recreational
facilities are proposed for this WSA due to its small size.

Fire Management Actions

Under the No Wilderness Alternative, a modified suppression plan allowing
the use of motorized equipment will be written to be carried out by BLM
force account.

2B-5

Rockhouse

Wildlife Management Actions

Although this WSA is within a portion of the Monache- Walker Pass National
Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area no wildlife management
actions are anticipated within a 15-20 year planning projection.

Grazing Management Actions

The WSA will remain within the Walker Pass West grazing allotment. No new
grazing improvements are proposed. The existing boundary fence on the
unit’s west side will be maintained with annual inspection to determine
maintenance needs. All inspection and maintenance activities will be by
foot or horseback due to the lack of vehicle access. Due to the unsuitable
grazing conditions, limited grazing is anticipated to continue in the WSA.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 130 acres within the WSA will be open to all forms of mineral
entry. However, the potential for mineral resources is considered low.
There are no mining claims located in the WSA. Therefore, while explora-
tion and development of mineral resources will be permitted, there is no
mineral activity projected to occur within the WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned within the WSA to support
resource programs including livestock grazing and wildlife management.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no cultural resource management actions planned to occur within
the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustment actions are planned for the WSA. Although
without wilderness designation these 130 acres of public land will be
available for exchange, no activity is projected to occur within a 15 to
20 year planning projection.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 130- acre Rockhouse WSA would be designated wilderness and
managed in conjunction with the adjacent USES Domeland Wilderness Area.
This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be
designated wilderness.

Rockhouse

2B- 6

MAP

PROPOSED ACTION ROCKHOUSE WSA

MAP 3

ROCKHOUSE SECTION 202
WILDERNESS STUDY AREA
PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service
Wilderness Area

0 i 2

1 ■ i i — i I 1

Miles

2B-7

Rockhouse

MAP FOR ROCKHOUSE WSA
Page 2

Rockhouse

2B-8

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation within the
130-acre Rockhouse WSA. Since there is no vehicular access and no routes
exist, there would be no change from current management which designates
the area as closed to vehicles.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA
and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed-wing
aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control.
Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the terrain and
soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative
cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers would not be
permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or
high-value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no wildlife manage-
ment actions.

Grazing Management Actions

Livestock grazing would continue to be authorized for the WSA which is a
small part of the Walker Pass West allotment. However, limited grazing
use occurs as a result of the unsuitable grazing conditions. There are no
livestock grazing facilities existing or proposed for the WSA.

Mineral/Bnergy Development Actions

The entire 130 acres within the Rockhouse WSA would be closed to all forms
of mineral entry. There are no mining claims within the WSA. Based on
the low potential for mineral resources in the WSA, it is not anticipated
that any mineral discovery would occur prior to wilderness designation
that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore, no mineral develop-
ment would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

Same as Proposed Action.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

As described under the proposed Action there would be no cultural resource
management actions.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no land tenure
adjustment management actions. However, a cooperative agreement would
establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con-
junction with their designated Domeland Wilderness Area adjacent to the
WSA.

2B-9

Rockhouse

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE ROCKHOUSE WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

Nondesignation of the WSA as
wilderness will not result
in any anticipated impacts to
the wilderness values. There
are no surface disturbance
in the WSA. Recreational
vehicle use and mineral/
energy exploration and
development are not projected
within the WSA. Continued
limited livestock grazing
will not impact the area’s
wilderness values and
inspection and maintenance
will only negligibly impact
solitude. Potential fire
suppression activities as a
result of wildfires could
lead to short-term impacts
to the perception of
naturalness .

Wilderness designation of
the Rockhouse WSA would
result in a slight posi-
tive benefit. Long-term
protection from unantici-
pated future actions that
could result in potential
adverse impacts would
be provided by legisla-
tion.

Rockhouse

2B-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Rockhouse WSA and the
resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed
Action and alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis-
trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES
Naturalness

The small 130-acre parcel that makes up this WSA generally retains its
natural character and influence, with the imprint of man's work substan-
tially unnoticeable. No roads exist within the unit though the entire
eastern boundary of the WSA is a major dirt road connecting residences to
the south with Kennedy Meadows. No structures or fences are known to
exist in this unit, although a livestock fence is located along the western
boundary of the WSA.

Solitude

This unit is too small to provide adequate opportunity for solitude con-
sidering that a major road makes up the eastern boundary and private land
borders the unit on the north and south.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

This unit is very small and opportunities for primitive and unconfined
recreation are extremely limited. Very little nonmotorized use, if any,
is known to currently exist.

Special Features

The WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of scienti-
fic, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA consists of a 130- acre parcel of public land. The WSA adjoins the
Sequoia National Forest’s Domeland Wilderness Area along its western
boundary for one- half mile. The WSA is bordered by private lands to the
north, south, and east.

2B-11

Rockhouse

RECREATION

This parcel provides opportunities for hunting and hiking. No ORV routes
exist in this WSA. Due to the isolated nature of this WSA, it is anti-
cipated that fewer than 2 visitor use days per year occur.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the Rockhouse WSA has been rated as low. The WSA is
composed almost entirely of pinyon pine forest with some smaller, big
sagebrush along the northern facing slopes. No man-made visual intrusions
exist .

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The Rockhouse WSA cultural region was aboriginally inhabited primarily by
the Tubatulabal speaking group. The Tubatulabal occupied the upper Kern
drainages while the Southern Numic speaking Kawaiisu lived to the south of
the Kern River. In spite of their linguistic differences, the two groups
presumably had much in common culturally, including a subsistence pattern
based on hunting, fishing and gathering. This pattern involved the col-
lecting of acorns and pinyon nuts which were abundant in the region encom-
passing the WSA.

Historically, the Rockhouse WSA and surrounding area was generally ignored
by the Spanish and Mexican settlers to the west. The first American to
have entered the general area officially was Joseph R. Walker who led one
of Fremont’s expeditions over the Walker Pass in 1834. Initial settlement,
some 35 miles southwest of the WSA, came with the discovery of gold near
Keyesville in 1856. The gold strike was short lived and mining eventually
gave way to sheep and cattle ranching (Theodoratus , 1984).

The preceding background information has been briefly summarized, as this
information is readily available elsewhere. For a more detailed descrip-
tion of the regional prehistory, ethnohistory , and history, refer to
Theodoratus, 1984. Also, refer to Domeland WSA background section.

As a result of a cultural records search at the South Central Information
Center in Bakersfield on January 7, 1987, and a historical/archaeological
literature review, no recorded cultural sites are within or adjacent to the
WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places properties
or California Historic Landmarks within or adjacent to the WSA. No known
archaeological field investigations have occurred in WSA or the contiguous
lands, although a number of inventories have been conducted in the general
region for projects primarily associated with the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT)
and grazing activities. Based upon these previous investigations and the
WSA’ s physiographic setting, the cultural sensitivity for the Rockhouse
WSA is considered to be potentially moderate to high.

Rockhouse

2B-12

As a result of previous cultural discoveries in this geographic/cultural
region, the most probable archaeological sites to be potentially encoun-
tered in the WSA are those associated with hunting/gathering and natural
food processing. The most likely archaeological site types which may
occur in the WSA are lithic flake scatters, middens, rock art, rock shel-
ters, and milling stations. These cultural site features may occur separ-
ately or in a combination of two or more per site. -

WILDLIFE

Common bird species include the Northern Flicker, Scrub Jay, Red- tailed
Hawk, Dark-eyed Junco, and California Quail. Ospreys are known to nest on
the South Fork of the Kern River, less than 2 miles to the west. Mule
deer, bobcat, coyote, mountain lion, black bear, and jackrabbit are common
mammal species. This parcel is within a portion of the Monache- Walker Pass
National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area.

VEGETATION

Pinyon pine is the dominant species with lesser amounts of western juniper
and an understory of big sage, Douglas rabbitbrush, and needlegrass. No
candidate RT&E vegetation species exist in this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

The majority of this WSA consists of Indiano and Wortley soils in a complex
pattern on hillsides with slopes of 30 to 60 percent. The Indiano soil is
a moderately deep, well-drained, cobbly sandy loam, 20 to 40 inches deep.
A sandy clay loam subsoil is present. The Wortley soil is a shallow cobbly
sandy loam, 6 to 20 inches deep. Some stones and boulders are present with
these soils. The northwestern quarter of this WSA has 5 to 30 percent
slopes and is composed of the Wortley soil with large amounts of the
Sacatar and Lachim Variant soils in a complex pattern. The latter two
soils are moderately deep and very deep, respectively, with coarse sandy
loam textures. Granitic bedrock (decomposing) underlies all of the soils
in this WSA.

MINERALS AND ENERGY
Geology

The WSA in located in the Sierra Nevada geomorphic province of California.
Rocks of the Sierra Nevada batholith dominate the area consisting primarily
of granodiorite and quartz diorite (Taylor et al., 1984). A small portion
of a north-south trending roof pendant occurs in the northwest corner of
the WSA. The rock of the pendant in this area is grey to dark massive
quartzite. Mineral deposits of the area are usually associated with roof
pendants; historical development has occurred outside the WSA for tungsten
and barite (Taylor et al., 1984). Mineral potential within the WSA is
considered low.

2B-13

Rockhouse

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims In or near the WSA recorded in the Bureau's
mining claim index report of April 4, 1988.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

The WSA is located within the large Walker Pass West grazing allotment.
The WSA is comprised almost entirely of range unsuitable for grazing due
to steep slopes and rockiness. Consequently, little grazing use occurs on
the WSA, and the only range improvement on the WSA is a boundary fence on
the west side at the U.S. Forest Service boundary.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue
by i ssue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's
other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

Rockhouse

2B-14

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
130 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 130 acres in the Rockhouse WSA will
be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be
managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing South Sierra
Foothills MFP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS designated Domeland
Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values.
No other issues pertaining to the WSA were identified for detailed ana-
lysis .

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action will not result in any of the 130 acres being desig-
nated as wilderness. None of the wilderness values within the 130-acre
WSA will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilderness
designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA are generally
dependent upon the adjacent USFS Domeland Wilderness Area. The WSA has
retained its naturalness. However, due to the small size of the WSA
opportunities for solitude are limited. Primitive and unconfined recrea-
tion opportunities are very restrictive with no known nonmotorized recrea-
tion occurring. The adjacent Domeland Wilderness Area does not enhance or
add to these opportunities. There are no special features identified
within the WSA.

Although there will be no administrative or legislative closure of the WSA
to recreational vehicle use, there are currently no vehicle routes or
motorized vehicle use within the WSA. Therefore, there will be no impacts
to wilderness values as a result of recreational vehicle use.

The WSA will remain open to mineral/energy exploration and development.
However, due to the low mineral potential and no mining claims in the
area, there are no mineral/energy exploration or development activities
anticipated for the WSA. There will be no impacts to wilderness values as
a result of mineral/energy exploration and development.

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact
on the area’s naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required
to control potential wildfires. However, these impacts, primarily surface
disturbance, will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including
harrowing and seeding.

Although the WSA is part of a larger grazing allotment, livestock grazing
will remain limited due to the unsuitable conditions as a result of the
3teep slopes and rockiness. Annual inspection and maintenance of the
existing boundary fence along the west side of the WSA will negligibly
impact solitude. Since there is no vehicular access to the boundary all
activities will be done by foot or horseback. Continued limited grazing
use will not result in any impacts to the WSA’s wilderness values.

2B-15

Rockhouse

Conclusion:

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any anti-
cipated impacts to the wilderness values. There will be no surface
disturbance in the WSA. Recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy
exploration and development are not projected within the WSA. Con-
tinued limited livestock grazing will not impact the area’s wilderness
values and inspection and maintenance will only negligibly impact
solitude. Potential fire suppression activities as a result of
wildfires could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of
naturalness .

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions under the Proposed Action that
will result in any unavoidable adverse impacts. Fire suppression activi-
ties could result in short-term adverse impacts if mechanized equipment is
required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-Term U3e3 of Man’s Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity

Within the entire 130-acre WSA, all present short-term uses, primarily
limited livestock grazing, will continue. The long-term productivity of
the WSA will be maintained. Without wilderness designation, the possibil-
ity of activities such as mineral/energy development that could reduce
long-term productivity is greater than under wilderness designation.
However, in the Rockhouse WSA the potential for mineral/energy resources
is considered low, and no development is anticipated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing
activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of wilderness
resources or other resource values are anticipated.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 130 acres of the Rockhouse
WSA would be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. This
Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS
Domeland Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values. The
primary impact under this alternative relates to the protection of wilder-
ness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 130-acre Rockhouse WSA would receive special
legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be
a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. However,

Rockhouse

2B-16

as described under the Proposed Action, there are no planned management
actions that would impact the wilderness values of the WSA. Closure of
the WSA to recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy exploration and
development would assure long-term protection although there is currently
no use or projected activities. Continued limited livestock grazing would
not result in any changes to the WSA's wilderness values. Under this
alternative, wilderness values particularly naturalness and solitude would
be retained.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness
management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand
crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Rockhouse WSA would result in a slight
positive benefit. Long-term protection from unanticipated future
actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be
provided by legislation.

2B-17

Rockhouse

.

Domeland WSA

\

DOMELAND WSA
(CA-010-032)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2C-3

General Description of the Area 2C-3

Identification of Issues 2C-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2C-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2C-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 2C-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2C-5

Recreation Management Actions 2C-5

Fire Management Actions 2C-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2C-6

Grazing Management Actions 2C-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2C-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2C-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2C-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2C-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2C-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2C-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT . . 2C-11

Wilderness Values 2C-11

Naturalness 2C-11

Solitude 2C-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2C-11

Special Features 2C-11

Land Ownership 2C-11

Recreation 2C-12

Visual Resources 2C-12

Cultural Resources 2C-12

Wildlife 2C-13

Vegetation 2C-13

Soils and Watershed Resources 2C-14

Minerals and Energy 2C-14

Livestock Grazing 2C-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2C-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2C-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2C--16

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development 2C-1T

Impacts on Archaeological Resources 2C-17

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2C-17

Dome land

2C- 1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2C-18

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2C-18

All Wilderness Alternative 2C-18

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2C-18

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development 2C-19

Impacts on Archaeological Resources 2C-19

MAP

Proposed Action 2C-7

Domeland

2C-2

DOMELAND WSA

(CA- 010- 032)
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Domeland WSA consists of two separate parcels totaling 2,209 acres of
public land. These parcels generally adjoin the USFS Domeland Wilderness
along each parcel’s northern boundary. This WSA is located in Kern County,
just across the South Fork of the Kern River from the community of Onyx.
The parcels are made up of primarily very steep, rocky hillsides. South-
facing slopes are dominated by desert needlegrass with some burrobush,
chaparral yucca, convolvulus, and California buckwheat elsewhere. The
easternmost parcel contains a small riparian zone along the South Fork of
the Kern River. This zone is dominated by Fremont cottonwood and willow
trees. The entire WSA is within the South Fork Cooperative Management
Agreement Area.

No special features are found in this WSA.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Domeland Section 202 WSA, the following issues were identified
during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have bene-
ficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

- Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development

Currently there are four abandoned placer claims totaling approxi-
mately 400 acres within the WSA. Wilderness designation could
restrict future mineral exploration and development. The impact of
designation on these activities is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Low lying areas along the southern end of the WSA have a moderate to
high potential for archaeological sites. These sites could be
impacted by uses and actions that would occur should the WSA not be
designated wilderness. The significance of these impacts on the
area’s archaeological resources is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy-
sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected
for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason
for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

2C-3

Domeland

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered
but dropped from detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's wilderness
management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression
measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to
significantly constrain effective fire management.

- Impacts on Riparian Habitat Improvement/Protection Projects

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the
implementation and maintenance of riparian habitat improvement/
protection projects in the WSA was considered but dropped from
further analysis. Although the Bureau’s wilderness management
policy imposes certain restrictions on maintenance/monitoring wild-
life management measures, much latitude is allowed so as not to
constrain effective project maintenance and monitoring efforts.

- Impacts on Recreational ORV U3e

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on recre-
ational ORV opportunities in the WSA was considered but dropped from
further consideration. No ORV recreational routes currently exist
in the WSA because of very steep rocky terrain and all ORV cross-
country travel is prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area's
off- road vehicle use designations.

- Impacts on Livestock Grazing Operations

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on grazing operations. This issue was considered but
dropped from detailed analysis. The WSA is only a small part of the
three grazing allotments and no grazing improvements are located
within the WSA, therefore no adverse impacts to grazing operations
would occur.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Domeland WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were
selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under
this proposal, none of the 2,209 acres will be designated wilderness, but
will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this document
and in detail in the South Sierra Foothills MFP (1983). The rationale for
this proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the area are not

Domeland

2C--4

outstanding and (2) the current management has proven effective in main
taining the area's existing resources. The Sequoia National Forest
expressed concern about the potential for increasing trespass vulnerability
to the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area should the WSA be designated wilder-
ness. The USFS desired the Section 202 WSA not be designated wilderness
because of conflicts with management objectives of the adjacent USFS
wilderness area.

All Wilderness A1 ternat ive

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 2,209-acre Domeland WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig-
nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

The steep topography and irregular shape of the 2,209- acre Domeland WSA
did not present opportunities to develop a Partial Wilderness Alternative.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur
and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDBRNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 2,209 acres within the Domeland WSA
will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple
use under the guidance of the South Sierra Management Plan.

Recreation Management Actions

The lands within the WSA have no recreational 0RV routes and no new routes
are anticipated to be constructed. Limited public access opportunities
and very steep, exposed and rocky terrain seriously limit both motorized
and nonmotorized recreational opportunities. Additionally, motorized
recreation vehicle use is prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area's
off- road vehicle use designations. The only interest expressed in the
recreational opportunities of the WSA have come from hunters who wish to

2C-5

Domeland

gain access to the extreme western end of the WSA; their use is estimated
at less than 10 visitor days per year. Development of recreational facil-
ities, such as campgrounds, is not anticipated because of the low use the
area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Under the no wilderness alternative, a modified suppression plan will be
written to be carried out by BLM force account. (recommended by Technical
Review Team; Walker Pass Coordinated Resource Management Plan).

Wildlife Management Actions

The entire WSA is cooperatively managed with the Nature Conservancy under
a proposed Cooperative Agreement. Proposed actions will include willow
and cottonwood planting and protective fencing for plants and the riparian
zone along the South Fork of the Kern River on the southern boundary of
the WSA.

Grazing Management Act

Although the WSA is included as a portion of three grazing allotments,
there are no grazing management actions planned. The steep, rocky terrain
renders the WSA mostly unsuitable for grazing except for portions of the
southern edge of the WSA that are part of the South Fork valley floor.

Minera 1/Energy Development Actions

The entire 2,209 acres of the Domeland WSA will be open to all forms of
mineral entry. However the potential for mineral development is low to
nonexistent. Approximately 400 acres of abandoned placer claims exist
within the WSA (18% of WSA acreage) with no activity or surface disturbance
having occurred. There are no mineral/energy developments projected
within a 15- to 20-year planning projection.

Veget ation Management Actions

There are no vegetation management actions planned for the WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

Due to the low cultural sensitivity and lack of projected surface-disturb-
ing activities on public lands within the WSA, there are no cultural
resource management actions planned.

Land Te nure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustments are proposed for the WSA.

Domeland

2C-6

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2C-7

Domeland

MAP FOR DOMRLAND WSA
page 2

Domeland

2C-8

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non wilderness.

The entire 2, 209- acre Domeland WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage . that could be desig-
nated wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adja-
cent USFS Domeland Wilderness.

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation within the
2,209-acre Domeland WSA. In general, the recreation management actions
under the All Wilderness Alternative are the same as the Proposed Action,
due to the fact that no ORV routes exist in the WSA.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the
WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan.
Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire
control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the
terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to
vegetative cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers
would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect
private or high-value property and only with the approval of the District
Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action management actions would include
revegetation and protective fencing within the riparian zone along the
South Fork of the Kern River.

Grazing Management Actions

There would be no grazing management actions as described under Proposed
Action.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, validity examinations would be
conducted for the four abandoned placer claims within the WSA. All 2,209
acres of the WSA would be withdrawn from all forms of appropriation under
the mining and mineral leasing laws, subject to valid existing rights.

Vegetation Management Actions

There would be no vegetation management actions as described under Proposed
Action.

Cul tu r al Resource Management Actions

There would be no cultural resource management actions as described under
Proposed Action.

2C-9

Domeland

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVES
FOR THE DOMELAND WSA

ISSUE- RELATED
RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDBRNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

Impacts to wilderness values,
particularly naturalness and
solitude, will be limited.

The only activity affecting
wilderness values will be
the minimal mineral assess-
ment work necessary to main-
tain four placer claims.

There will be up to one-
half acre of seasonal
surface disturbance within
the riverbed and the per-
ception of naturalness
temporarily impaired on up to
five acres. Solitude will be
intermittently disrupted as a
result of the actual assess-
ment activity. There will be
no other impacts to the wil-
derness values within the

Wilderness designation of
the Domeland WSA would
result in a slight positive
benefit. The four placer
claims would most likely
be terminated. As a result
validity examinations and
annual mineral assessment
work would be eliminated.
Long-term protection from
anticipated future actions
that could result in
potential adverse impacts
would be provided by
wilderness designation.

WSA.

Impacts on
Mineral/Energy
Exploration and
Development

There will be no impact on
mineral/energy exploration
and development.

Wilderness designation
would result in closing
the entire 2,209 acres to
mineral entry. Based on a
low to nonexistent poten-
tial for mineral develop-
ment and the lack of
activity on four placer
claims, there would be
mineral development
opportunities foregone.

Impacts on

Archaeological

Resources

Although activities such as
mineral/energy exploration
and development will be
permitted, there is no
surface disturbance antici-
pated due to the lack of
projected management actions.
There will be no impact on
archaeological resources.

There would be a slight
positive impact on
potential archaeological
resources in the WSA.
Although wilderness desig-
nation would preclude
surface-disturbing activi-
ties such as mineral
exploration and develop-
ment, there are no pro-
posed management actions
that would potentially
result in any impacts to
archaeological resources
that may exist in the WSA.

Domeland

2C-10

Land Tenure Adjustment

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no land tenure adjustment
management actions planned for the WSA. However, a cooperative agreement
would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in
conjunction with their designated Domeland Wilderness Area adjacent to the
WSA.

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Domeland WSA and the
resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed
Action and alternative( s ) .

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis-
trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES
Naturalness

The WSA consists of two separate parcels adjoining the extreme southern
end of the Domeland Wilderness (administered by Sequoia National Forest).
The parcels are made up of primarily very steep, rocky hillsides, rising
sharply out of the Kern River Valley. Both parcels have retained their
natural character with only minor man made intrusions along the western
most parcels’ southern boundary. These intrusions include ranching roads
from the Onyx Ranch and a manmade reservoir in Gibonney Canyon.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are limited due to the unit’s
relatively small size, narrow shape and proximity to ranching and farming
operations .

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity for primitive and unconfined recreation exists in
this unit due to it's severe topographic features and lack of access. No
nonmotorized use is known to currently exist except along the extreme
western end of the WSA.

Special Features

The Domeland WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of
scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

2C-11

Domeland

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA is bordered by the Sequoia National Forest’s Domeland Wilderness
Area on the north and private land on the west, south and east. There are
no private inholdings within the WSA.

RECREATION

Limited access and extremely steep, exposed and rocky terrain combine to
seriously limit the recreational opportunities (motorized or nonmotorized)
of this WSA. Several inquiries are made annually regarding hunting oppor-
tunities on the western most portions of the WSA. No other use is antici-
pated at this time. The Caliente Resource Area’s off-road vehicle use
designations prohibit the use of motorized recreational vehicles in the
WSA.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the WSA is typical of the surrounding landscape with
little diversity other than the presence of the South Fork Kern River.
Manmade visual intrusions are limited to ranching roads and fences along
the southern boundary. Overall, the WSA is not considered to have a high
scenic quality.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

Ethnographically , the region encompassing the Domeland WSA was inhabited
by two primary groups. The Kawaiisu, a Southern Numic speaking group,
primarily occupied the region from the South Fork of the Kern River to the
Tehachapi area. Their core area of habitation was centered around Kelso
Canyon, Walker Basin and the Lorraine area (Theodoratus , 1984).

The Tubatulabal speaking groups lived primarily north of the Kawaiisu
along the upper Kern drainages. The range of the Tubatulabal was more

extensive, reaching west to the mouth of the Kern River Canyon, to
Mt. Whitney to the north and Walker Pass to the east. The core areas
inhabited were in the Kern, Hot Springs and South Fork Kern Valley, an
area which is now considerably inundated by Lake Isabella (Theodoratus,
1984). The Domeland WSA is geographically situated in an area considered
to be a transitional/or interface area between the two cultural groups.

Although these two cultural groups belonged to different linguistic groups,
they assumably had much in common culturally. Their subsistence pattern
was based upon hunting, fishing and gathering of wild plants. As with

many Native American groups in California, both cultural groups practiced
seasonal subsistence patterns, moving to various elevations and areas
depending upon the seasonal availability of various foodstuffs. The use
of acorns and pinyon nuts were most important as food staples in this

cultural region encompassing the WSA.

Domeland

2C-12

Unlike the Spanish and Mexican interest along the coast of California and
portions of the interior during the early historic period, the Spanish and
Mexicans generally ignored the geographic region surrounding the Domeland
WSA. The first American to have officially entered the South Fork Valley
adjacent to the WSA was Joseph R. Walker who led one of Fremont' 3 expedi-
tions over the Walker Pass in 1834. Initial settlement, some 15 miles
southwest of the WSA, came with the discovery of gold near Keyesville in
1856. After a short gold strike period, the mining eventually gave way to
sheep and cattle ranching. Today, the area is used principally for recre-
ation by urban communities, although grazing and mining are still important
activities (Theodoratus , 1984).

For a more detailed description of the regional prehistory, ethnohistory
and history, refer to Theodoratus, 1984.

As a result of a cultural records search at the South Central Information
Center in Bakersfield on January 7, 1987, and a review of historical/
archaeological data, records reveal no cultural sites within or contiguous
to the WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places
properties or California Historic Landmarks within or adjacent to the WSA.
No known archaeological field investigations have occurred within the WSA,
although some limited amount of cultural inventory has occurred in some of
the surrounding adjacent areas. These previous investigations resulted in
the recordation of several archaeological and historical sites to the south
and west of the WSA. Some sites of particular interest are the Cottage
Grove Historical Cemetery, a Native American Cemetery and a pictograph
site .

Based upon the existing inventory data and the ideal physiographic setting
of the WSA adjacent to a major perennial water source (the South Fork Kern
River) and the South Fork Valley, the cultural sensitivity for the WSA is
considered potentially moderate to high.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are
those associated with hunting, gathering, food processing and perhaps
ceremonial sites. The most likely site types which may potentially occur
in the WSA are lithic flake scatters, middens, rock art, milling stations,
rock shelters and perhaps human burial loci. Cultural site features may
occur separately or in a multiple combination per site.

WILDLIFE

The area is used around the year by mule deer, black bear, coyote, skunk,
bobcat, jackrabbit, and numerous bird species. In addition, the riparian
zone along the South Fork of the Kern River provides nesting habitat for
osprey, great blue heron, wood duck, and possibly the California yellow-
billed cuckoo. This parcel is within the South Fork Cooperative Management
Agreement area.

VEGETATION

The south and southwest- facing slopes within this parcel are generally
dominated by desert needlegrass. East facing slopes, although dominated
by desert needlegrass, contain varying amounts of burrobush, chaparral

2C- 13

Domeland

yucca, convolvulus, and California buckwheat. Above 4,000 feet Digger
pine, scrub oak, California juniper, and Nevada ephedra can be found.
Along the South Fork of the Kern River, Fremont cottonwood and willow
dominate a well defined riparian zone. No known RT&E candidate species
exist in this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils in this WSA are mainly sandy, shallow soils of the Xyno and Canebrake
series. Hillslopes are steep or very steep (30-60%) and have numerous
rock outcrops, boulders, and large rock fragments. Decomposing granitic
bedrock underlies these soils to a depth of 10 to 50 feet. The soils are
somewhat excessively drained and are low in organic matter. The erosion
hazard is high under bare soil conditions.

MINERALS AND ENERGY
Geology

The WSA is located in the Sierra Nevada geomorphic province. Rocks of the
WSA represent Cretaceous (65-136 million years before present) Sierra
Nevada batholiths which are barren of locatable mineral concentrations.
Therefore, the potential for mineral development is considered low to
nonexistent. BLM records dated March 25, 1988, indicate that there are no
unpatented mining claims, mineral leases, or mineral material sales con-
tracts/permits .

Mining Claims

Four abandoned placer claims totaling approximately 400 acres are located
in the WSA representing 18% of the area. However, no activity or surface
disturbance has occurred.

Salable Minerals

Sand and gravel is produced from the South Fork Valley stream deposits,
east of the WSA. Small deposits of decomposed granite fill material may
also occur in the WSA. Such deposits would be useful only for the local
development due to transportation costs; however, similar material is
available, and more easily accessible, in the riverbed itself.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

The WSA is located within three grazing allotments, the Rudnick Common,
Smith Canyon, and Fay Canyon allotments.

The Rudnick Common Allotment is actually a large allotment within the
California Desert District. The WSA is within a small sliver of the
allotment that extends into the Bakersfield District.

The WSA is mostly unsuitable in all three allotments for grazing due to
steep slopes. The only suitable acres are in the south portion of the WSA
that are in the South Fork Valley floor. The public land within the WSA

Domeland

2C-14

was permitted for livestock use to allow grazing from adjacent private
lands avoiding the need for fencing. There are no range improvements
within the WSA since adequate facilities exist outside the WSA.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described
issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the
area’s other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 2,209 acres in the Domeland WSA
will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will
be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing South Sierra
Foothills MFP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS designated Domeland
Wilderness Area.

2C-15

Domeland

The primary concerns under the Proposed Action relate to wilderness values
and archaeological resources.

Impacts on Wilderness Valu e s

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA will not result in any of the
2,209 acres within the WSA being designated as wilderness. None of the
wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided
by wilderness designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA
are generally dependent upon the adjacent USFS Domeland Wilderness Area
due to the WSA’s small size and narrow shape. The WSA has generally
retained its naturalness. However, opportunities for solitude are limited.
Primitive and unconfined recreation is restricted due to steep plots and
lack of access except for in the western end of the WSA with only occa-
sional hunting occurring. The adjacent USFS Wilderness Area does not
noticeably enhance the WSA’s wilderness values. There are no special
features .

The WSA has been designated as closed to motorized recreational vehicles
under the Caliente Resource Area's of f- road vehicle use designations.
Therefore there will be no impacts to wilderness values, particularly
naturalness and solitude as a result of motorized recreation use.

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact
on the WSA’s naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required to
control potential wildfires. However, a modified suppression plan limiting
motorized equipment along with rehabilitation efforts including harrowing
and seeding will reduce the surface- disturbing impacts.

Proposed plantings of native willows and cottonwoods within the riparian
zone along the South Fork of the Kern River will result in a long-term
positive impact. Naturalness will be improved and maintained within the
riparian zone. There will be a short-term reduction in the perception of
naturalness as a result of protective fencing necessary to help the plant-
ings until they are established. The post and wire fence will be visible
from up to a quarter of a mile.

Limited livestock grazing within the southern portion of the WSA in the
South Fork Valley will continue at existing levels. There will be no
change in the effects of livestock grazing on the naturalness of the WSA.

There is no mineral development projected within the WSA due to the low to
nonexistent potential for mineral development. The four abandoned placer
claims in the southern portion of the WSA will most likely continue annual
minimal mineral assessment work resulting in a loss of naturalness on up
to one- half acre of total surface disturbance which is generally confined
to the riverbed and temporary in nature. The assessment work will locally
impair naturalness on up to 5 acres in the southern portion of the WSA.
This impact will be seasonal since the majority of placer claim activity
is restricted to five months- from late June to November- because of high
water volumes during the remainder of the year. Additionally, the use of
small suction dredges for the assessment work will result in intermittent
disruption of solitude.

Domeland

2C-16

Conclusion:

Impacts to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and solitude,
will be limited. The only activity affecting wilderness values will
be the minimal mineral assessment work necessary to maintain four
placer claims. There will be up to one- half acre of surface distur-
bance within the riverbed and the perception of naturalness temporarily
impaired on up to 5 acres. Solitude will be intermittently disrupted
as a result of the actual assessment activity. There will be no other
impacts to the wilderness values within the WSA.

Impacts on Mineral/Bnergy Exploration and Development

Under the Proposed Action, exploration and development of mineral/energy
resources within the WSA will be permitted. Approximately 400 acres of
placer claims are located in the WSA. However, the potential for mineral
development is considered low to nonexistent. While mineral/energy activi-
ties will be permitted, no exploration or development is anticipated.

Conclusion:

There will be no impact on mineral/energy exploration and development.
Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Under the Proposed Action, activities such as mineral/energy exploration
and development will be permitted. There is no projected mineral explora-
tion or development anticipated due to the low potential for mineral/energy
resources. There is a moderate to high potential for archaeological
resources within the low lying areas along the southern portion of the WSA.
Under the Caliente Resource Area’s ORV designations recreational vehicle
use is prohibited in the WSA. Should any surface-disturbing activities be
proposed on the 400 acres of placer claims, a surface inventory will be
conducted to determine the presence and significance of any archaeological
resources as well as necessary mitigation measures. Prior to planting and
protective fencing proposed for rehabilitation of the riparian zone along
the South Fork of the Kern River, an inventory will be conducted to assure
potential archaeological resources are avoided. Therefore, there are no
impacts in potential archaeological resources projected to occur within
the WSA.

Conclusion:

Although activities such as mineral/energy exploration and development
will be permitted, there is no surface disturbance anticipated due to
the lack of projected management actions. There will be no impact on
archaeological resources.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no projected management actions or surface- disturbing activities
that will result in any significant unavoidable adverse impacts. The
minimal mineral assessment work associated with the four placer claims will
result in only negligible adverse impacts that will be temporary in nature.

2C-17

Dome land

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and
all current and projected short-term uses will continue. The long-term
productivity of the WSA will be maintained. While limited surface distur-
bance will occur as a result of mineral assessment work for the four
placer claims it will not significantly impair long-term productivity.
Without wilderness designation the possibility of activities such as
mineral development is greater than under wilderness designation. However,
the potential for mineral development in the Domeland WSA is considered
low and no development is anticipated for the four existing placer claims
or remainder of the WSA. Long-term productivity of the WSA will be
enhanced by proposed rehabilitation efforts along the riparian zone.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing
activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of wilderness
resources or other resource values are anticipated. Surface disturbance
resulting from mineral assessment work within the riverbed is projected to
be very minor and temporary with no irreversible or irretrievable commit-
ment of resources.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,209 acres within the Domeland WSA would be designated as
wilderness under the All Wilderness Alternative. This Section 202 WSA
would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USES Domeland Wilderness
Area to maintain the existing wilderness values.

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the protection of
wilderness values and archaeological resources as well as restricting
mineral exploration and development activity.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the entire 2,209 acre Domeland WSA would receive
special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There
would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation.
However, the only significant change in management actions and subsequent
impacts from those described under the Proposed Action would be related to
the annual minimal minerals assessment for the four placer claims. Based
on the low to nonexistent potential for mineral development, it is antici-
pated that a validity determination would result in the four placer claims
being terminated. The potential for surface disturbance from assessment
work would be eliminated.

Domeland

2C-18

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness
management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand
crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Revegetation and protective fencing within the riparian zone would continue
as described under the Proposed Action. Naturalness would be improved and
maintained within the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River.

Livestock grazing would continue at the existing levels which are limited
by the lack of suitable grazing within the WSA. There would be no change
in the existing naturalness as a result of continued grazing.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Domeland WSA would result in a slight
positive benefit. The four placer claims would most likely be ter-
minated. As a result validity examinations and annual mineral assess-
ment work would be eliminated. Long-term protection from unanticipated
future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be
provided by wilderness legislation.

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development

The entire 2, 209 -acre WSA would be closed to mineral appropriations under
the mining laws subject to valid existing rights. While the WSA is con-
sidered to have a low to nonexistent potential for mineral development,
there are four placer claims totaling approximately 400 acres. There has
been no activity or surface disturbance relating to the exploration and
development of mineral resources. Although the WSA would be closed to
mining, there are no known mineral resource development opportunities that
would be foregone. The existing placer claims would be determined invalid
and terminated as a result of wilderness designation.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would result in closing the entire 2,209 acres
to mineral entry. Based on a low to nonexistent potential for mineral
development and the lack of activity on four placer claims, there
would be mineral development opportunities foregone.

Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Wilderness designation would close the WSA to surface- disturbing activities
such as mineral exploration and development that could result in potential

impacts to archaeological resources. However, based on a low to non

existent potential for mineral development wilderness designation would
result in little change in mineral exploration and development activities.
The existing limited livestock grazing would continue however no livestock
facilities exist or are planned that would result in any surface distur-
bance. There would be a slight positive benefit to potential archaeo

logical resources, especially in the low lying areas along the southern

end of the WSA.

2C-19

Domeland

Conclusion:

There would be a slight positive impact on potential archaeological
resources in the WSA. Although wilderness designation would preclude
surface-disturbing activities such as mineral exploration and develop-
ment, there are no proposed management actions that would potentially
result in any impacts to archaeological resources that may exist in
the WSA.

Dome land

2C-20

Machesna WSA

MACHESNA WSA
(CA-010-108)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2D-3

General Description of the Area 2D-3

Identification of Issues 2D-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2D-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2D-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 2D-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2D-5

Recreation Management Actions 2D-5

Fire Management Actions 2D-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2D-6

Grazing Management Actions 2D-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2D-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2D-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2D-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2D-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2D-9

Summary of Significant Impacts 2D-11

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2D-12

Wilderness Values 2D-12

Naturalness 2D-12

Solitude 2D-12

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2D-12

Special Features 2D-12

Land Ownership 2D-12

Recreation 2D-13

Visual Resources 2D-13

Cultural Resources 2D-13

Wildlife 2D-13

Vegetation 2D-14

Soils and Watershed Resources 2D-14

Minerals and Energy 2D-14

Livestock Grazing 2D- 14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2D-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2D-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2D-16

Impacts on Hi Mountain Enduro 2D-17

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2D-17

Machesna

2D-1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2D-17

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2D-17

All Wilderness Alternative 2D-17

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2D-18

Impacts on Hi Mountain Enduro 2D-18

MAPS

Proposed Action 2D-7

Machesna

2D-2

MACHESNA WSA

(CA-010-108)

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Machesna WSA consists of a small 80-acre parcel adjoining the USFS
Machesna Wilderness to the east. The WSA Is located in San Luis Obispo
County, east of the community of Poso. The WSA contains the headwaters of
two small tributaries to the Salinas River. The south- facing slopes are
primarily chamise chaparral, with blue oak woodland, annual grassland and
an occasional Digger Pine. There are no special features within the WSA.
The one existing primitive vehicle route within the WSA is utilized each
year as part of the one-day Hi Mountain Enduro Motorcycle Event, and also
provides the only vehicle access along the northern boundary of the
Machesna Wilderness.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Machesna Section 202 WSA, the following issues were identified
during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have
beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

- Impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro

The one existing vehicle route through the WSA has been utilized
intermittently since 1950 as part of the Nick Route, a portion of
the Hi Mountain Enduro sponsored by the Cal Poly Penguins Motorcycle
Club. This event, which is held during late March, starts, finishes,
and has pit/camp areas within the Los Padres National Forest. The
vehicle route is closed to all recreational vehicles the remainder
of the year. Wilderness designation would eliminate the Nick Route
from the Hi Mountain Enduro. Eliminating this use would affect the
availability of the only recreation vehicle route out of the Machesna
Mountain area. The impact of wilderness designation on the Hi
Mountain Enduro is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy
sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected
for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason
for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

2D-3

Machesna

- Impact3 on Mineral/Energy Resource Development

Development of mineral/energy resources within designated wilderness
areas could be affected by wilderness management restrictions.

However, the potential for mineral resources within the Machesna WSA
is considered to be moderate. There are no mining claims or mineral
leases that exist within the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped
from further analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation
would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered
but dropped from further detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's
wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on
suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as
not to significantly constrain effective fire management.

- Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological
resources within the Machesna WSA. This issue was considered but
dropped from further detailed analysis. A cultural records search
found no recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the
WSA. There are no projected surface- disturbing activities that
would occur in the WSA and potentially result in impacts to archaeo-
logical resources. The portion of the Hi Mountain Enduro that
occurs in the WSA is limited to the only existing vehicle route in
the WSA. No other ORV use is permitted in the WSA.

- Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species Habitat

Concerns were raised over the possibility of suspected candidate
species Lupinus ludoviscianus being found in the shaded drainages of
the WSA. No actual RT&E plants have been identified either within
or adjacent to the WSA, although potential habitat is present.
Field surveys would be conducted in the future if management actions
affected the drainages in the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped
from further detailed analysis in the EIS.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Machesna WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were
selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non- wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA is No Wilderness/No Action.
Under this proposal, none of the 80 acres will be designated wilderness,
but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this
document and in detail in the Coast/Valley RMP (1984).

Machesna

2D- 4

The rationale for this proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the
area are not outstanding and (2) the current management has proven effec-
tive in maintaining the area’s existing resources. This WSA was originally
part of a larger WSA a portion of which was designated wilderness as part
of the California Wilderness Act of 1984 along with the Los Padres
National Forest's Machesna Wilderness. This 80- acre parcel was considered
by the Forest Service at that time. However, due to its lack of
topographic continuity with the larger wilderness area and its finger- like
projection from the boundary of the wilderness area, the Forest Service
indicated that the addition of this area would not enhance wilderness
management .

All Wilderness Alternative

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 80-acre Machesna WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig-
nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

No additional alternatives were developed for the 80- acre Machesna WSA due
to its small size and previous consideration by the Sequoia National
Forest in conjunction with their wilderness review for their designated
Machesna Wilderness Area.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the BIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could
occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 80 acres within the Machesna WSA
will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple
use under the guidance of the Coast/Valley Resource MFP/RMP.

Recreation Management Actions

Only one vehicle route exists within the WSA; A .25 mile long route
entering at the western boundary and exiting to the north into the Los
Padres National Forest. Access to this route is controlled to the west by
a gate on private land. General everyday recreational traffic does not

2D-5

Machesna

occur on the WSA due to this gate. The vehicle route has been used in the
past as part of one loop (Nick Route) of the annual Hi Mountain Enduro
(one pass going downhill with an average of 75 riders). This event
accounts for all of motorized recreation on the WSA. Nonmotorized uses
involve approximately 10 visitor days of hunters and hikers using the only
vehicle route to gain foot/horseback access to the northern boundary of
the existing Machesna Wilderness.

Development of recreational facilities, such as campgrounds, is not anti-
cipated because of the low use the area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Fire suppression within the Machesna WSA will continue to be provided by
the California Department of Forestry (under contract to the BLM) . No
roads or trails will be improved for fire management nor will any fire-
breaks be constructed. No presuppression activities are planned for the
WSA.

Wildlife Management Actions

No wildlife management actions are planned for the 80- acre Machesna WSA.
Grazing Management Actions

The Machesna WSA is not authorized for livestock grazing. The one existing
vehicle route is used by the rancher to the west of the WSA to reach salt
licks on a USFS allotment to the northeast of the WSA. No livestock
grazing management actions are anticipated within the WSA.

Mlneral/Bnergy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the Machesna WSA will be open to mineral entry.
The potential for mineral occurrence and development is considered to be
moderate. There are no mining claims located in the WSA, nor are there any
oil and gas lease applications on file. Therefore no mineral/energy
development actions are planned.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned for the Machesna WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

No cultural resource management actions are planned due to low cultural
sensitivity and lack of projected surface-disturbing activities.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustment actions are planned for the Machesna WSA.

Machesna

2D-6

Springs J'

T 30 S

'£] N ITr.

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service
Wilderness Area

Public Lands Included In
Forest Service Wilderness Area

MAP 5

Proposed Action
Machesna WSA

MACHESNA SECTION 202
WILDERNESS STUDY AREA
PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

2D-7

Machesna

MAP FOR MACHESNA WSA
Page 2

Mac he 8 na

2D-8

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 80 acre Machesna WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that can be designated
wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent
USFS Machesna Wilderness.

Recreation Management Actions

The entire WSA would be closed to recreational ORV use, however the area
is currently closed to ORV use. The Hi Mountain Enduro would not be

allowed to cross the one-quarter-mile-long route within the WSA under the
All Wilderness Alternative. Approximately 10 visitor days of hunting and
hiking use would continue and the existing route would provide foot/

horseback access to the WSA.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the
WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan.
Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire
control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the

terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to
vegetative cover. Heavy equipment, such as tracked vehicles and dozers,
would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect
private or high value property and only with the approval of the District
Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no wildlife management
actions proposed for the WSA.

Grazing Management Actions

There would be no grazing management actions as described under the Pro-
posed Action except that access route through the WSA would be closed to a

local rancher who crosses the WSA to gain access to a USFS grazing allot-
ment .

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the Machesna WSA would be closed to all forms
of mineral entry. There are no mining claims or mineral leases that exist
within the WSA. Based on the moderate potential for mineral resources, it
is not anticipated that any mineral discovery would occur prior to wilder-
ness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore,
no mineral/energy development would occur under wilderness designation.

2D-9

Machesna

Vegetation Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no vegetation management
actions planned.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, no cultural resource management
actions are planned for the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no land tenure
adjustment management actions. However, a cooperative agreement would
establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con-
junction with their designated Machesna Wilderness Area adjacent to the
WSA.

Machesna

2D-10

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVES

FOR THE MACHESNA WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

Wilderness values will be
negligibly impacted as a
result of not designating the
WSA as wilderness. Although
there is no motorized recre-
ational use in the WSA, a
one-quarter-mile- long primi-
tive vehicle route that
crosses the northwest corner
of the WSA would continue
to be used for the Hi Moun-
tain Enduro motorcycle
event. Approximately 75
riders will disrupt soli-
tude when the annual event
occurs. Continued infrequent
use of the route to replace
salt licks in the adjacent
USFS grazing allotment will
result in negligible impacts
to solitude. Potential fire
suppression activities
necessary to control wild-
fire could lead to short-
term impacts to the percep-
tion of naturalness.

There would be a slight
positive benefit to wilder-
ness values particularly
naturalness and solitude as
a result of precluding the
Hi Mountain Enduro motor-
cycle event and vehicle
access for the adjacent
USFS grazing allotment.
Long-term protection from
unanticipated future actions
that could result in poten-
tial adverse impacts would
be provided by wilderness
legislation.

Impacts on
Hi Mountain Enduro

The Hi Mountain Enduro will
continue to use one-quarter
mile of primitive vehicle
route in the WSA. Therefore,
there would be no impact
on the event.

Wilderness designation
would preclude the use of
the WSA for the Hi Mountain
Enduro. However, alternate
routes also used for the
event exist outside the
WSA permitting the annual
event to continue to be
held .

2D- 11

Machesna

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Machesna WSA and the
resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed
Action and alternative( s ) .

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis-
trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES
Naturalness

The 80-acre parcel that makes up this WSA generally retains its natural
character except for a seldom used vehicle route that enters along the
western boundary and exists from the northern boundary. This vehicle route
enters the Los Padres National Forest above Soto Canyon and is not used
for general recreation traffic. The route is used to access a grazing
allotment within the National Forest, and has been used in the past as part
of a motorcycle enduro sponsored by the Cal Poly Penguins Motorcycle Club
since 1950. Steep terrain and thick vegetation has limited this route to
a very narrow corridor and it does not impact the total area’s naturalness.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are very limited, due to it's small
size and boundary, with private land on two sides. Due to the WSA’s shape
and proximity to the USFS Machesna WSA, opportunities for solitude are
considered limited even in conjunction with the Forest Service lands.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity exists for primitive and unconfined types of
recreation due to the units small size and location next to private land
activities .

Special Features

The Machesna WSA contains no ecological, geological or other features of
scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The 80- acre parcel is owned entirely by the Federal Government; no inhold-
ings exist. The unit is bordered by the Los Padres National Forest on the
north, by Bureau of Land Management wilderness on the east and by private
land on the south and west.

Machesna

2D--12

RECREATION

The only vehicle route running through the WSA has been used intermittently
since 1950 as part of one loop of a motorcycle enduro sponsored by the Cal
Poly Penguins Motorcycle Club (under USFS permit). This route is used by
a maximum of 100 riders per year for one pass through only (mid-March) .
The landowner to the west of the unit keeps a gate to the unit’s vehicle
route locked the rest of the year. No other vehicle use occurs in the
WSA. An occasional hunter may utilize the WSA, otherwise no significant
recreation use exists.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the Machesna WSA is considered low to moderate with
little landscape variety. The WSA has a natural character with fairly
uniform vegetative cover. The one vehicle route running through the unit
remains visually subordinate. No structures or other man- caused distur-
bances exist.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

For archaeological and historical overview of the Machesna WSA, refer to
the cultural background section under the Garcia Mountain WSA.

Based on a cultural records search at the Central Coastal Information
Center in Santa Barbara on January 7, 1987, there are no historical/
archaeological sites within or adjacent to the Machesna WSA. There are no
known National Register of Historic Places properties or California
Historic Landmarks within or near the WSA. Due to the lack of any archae-
ological field investigations within the WSA as well as a very limited
amount of field investigations in the geographic region encompassing the
WSA, the cultural sensitivity for the Machesna WSA is unknown. However,
based on the physiographic setting and the nearness of hydrologic features
(i.e., springs, drainages) to the WSA, it is possible that cultural
resources may occur within or adjacent to the WSA.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are
those associated with hunting/gathering and processing of natural food
resources. Probable archaeological site types which may be encountered in
the Machesna WSA are lithic pits, middens and milling stations. These
cultural manifestations may occur separately in a combination of two or
more per site.

WILDLIFE

The area provides foraging and nesting habitat for several bird species,
notably the scrub jay, brown towhee, and California thrasher. Cooper’s
hawk, sharp- shinned hawk, and American kestrel also occur in the area.
Prairie falcons and golden eagles nest within 1.5 and 1 mile, respectively,
and may forage on the parcel. Black- tail deer, black bear, mountain lion,
bobcat, and gray fox are the common large mammal species. The entire area
is heavily hunted for deer and quail.

2D- 13

Machesna

VEGETATION

This 80-acre parcel contains the headwaters of two tributaries to the
Salinas River. The south- facing slopes are primarily chamise chaparral,
with blue oak woodland, annual grassland, and an occasional Digger pine
comprising the balance. North-facing slopes support mixed chaparral of
chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus. The ephemeral tributaries are steep
and fast, hindering the development of a well defined riparian zone.
Suspected candidate RT&E species Lupinus ludoviscianus might be found in
the drainages of this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

No surveys exist that specifically describe the soils and watershed
resources of the WSA. Hill slopes within the WSA are generally steep with
two drainages that cut through the 80- acre parcel.

MINERALS AND ENERGY
Geology

The WSA is located in the Coastal Range geomorphic province of California.
Tertiary (1-65 million years before present) micaceous sandstone with some
interbedded clay shale and cobble conglomerate underlie the parcels.
These sediments were deposited in a marine environment and derived largely
from a granitic source rock (Dibblee, 1986, Jennings, 1958). Based on
this geologic environment the potential for mineral occurrence and develop-
ment is considered low.

Oil and Gas Leasing

There are no oil and gas leases or lease applications on or near the WSA.
Potential for petroleum resources is considered moderate due to the
granitic bedrock exposed to the north and the predominately Cretaceous
sediments overlying the bedrock in the vicinity of the WSA.

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims located in the WSA as indicated by the Bureau’s
mining claim index report of March 25, 1988.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is livestock grazing authorized by the BLM for the Machesna WSA.
However, occasional livestock grazing does occur on the WSA due to live-
stock drifting down from a U.S. Forest Service grazing permit on the
adjacent Machesna Wilderness Area. There are no range improvements on the
WSA. Due to the steep slopes the WSA is generally unsuitable for grazing.

Machesna

2D-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described
issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the
area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 80 acres in the Machesna WSA will
be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be
managed for multiple use under the guidance of the existing Coast/Valley
RMP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USES designated Machesna
Wilderness Area. The wilderness area includes a portion of BLM public
lands that were included in the California Wilderness Act of 1984.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values.

2D-15

Machesna

Imp ac t 3 on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA will not result in any of the 80
acres within the WSA being designated wilderness. None of the wilderness
values will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilder-
ness designation. The wilderness values of this Section 202 WSA are
generally dependent on the adjacent USFS Machesna Wilderness Area due to
the WSA’s small size. The WSA has generally retained its naturalness with
the exception of one-quarter-mile-long vehicle route in the northwest
corner of the WSA that is seldom used. Opportunities for solitude are
very limited as are primitive and unconfined recreation opportunities due
to the small size and configuration of the WSA which protrudes from the
adjacent wilderness area. Wilderness values are not noticeably enhanced
by the adjacent wilderness area. There are no special features within
this 80-acre WSA.

The primary impact on wilderness values will result from the Hi Mountain
Enduro motorcycle event which occurs on a yearly basis and often includes
portions of the WSA to complete the Nick Route for the event. Approxi-
mately 75 riders make one pass going downhill along a one-quarter-mile
vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA. Impacts to naturalness
and solitude will be negligible and only short-term. The vehicle route is
closed the remainder of the year to motorized recreation use so there are
no additional impacts from ORVs.

The WSA is not authorized for livestock grazing. However, access via the
vehicle route in the WSA is permitted for a rancher to replace salt licks
on a USFS grazing allotment. Vehicle use occurs infrequently resulting in
approximately two trips annually. The impacts to solitude are negligible.

There are no other management actions projected for the WSA. Therefore,
there will be no additional impacts to wilderness values except for poten-
tial impacts as a result of fire suppression activities. The potential
use of mechanized equipment to control wildfires could result in minor,
short-term impacts. However, these impacts, primarily surface disturbance
will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including seeding and
harrowing.

Conclusion:

Wilderness values will be negligibly impacted as a result of not
designating the WSA as wilderness. Although there is no motorized
recreational use in the WSA, a one-quarter- mile- long primitive vehicle
route that crosses the northwest corner of the WSA will continue to be
used for the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event. Approximately 75
riders will disrupt solitude when the annual event occurs. Continued
infrequent use of the route to replace salt licks in the adjacent USFS
grazing allotment will result in negligible impacts to solitude.
Potential fire suppression activities necessary to control wildfire
could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of naturalness.

Machesna

2D- 16

Impacts on the HI Mountain Enduro

The Hi Mountain Enduro will continue to use the one-quarter mile of vehicle
route in the northwest portion of the WSA. This portion of trail is
required to complete the "Nick Loop” as part of the motorcycle event which
includes approximately 75 riders. There will be no impact on the Hi
Mountain Enduro. No other motorized recreation use will occur.

Conclusion:

The Hi Mountain Enduro will continue to use one-quarter mile of primi-
tive vehicle route in the WSA. Therefore, there will be no impact on
the event.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions or surface-disturbing activities
that will lead to unavoidable adverse impacts. Use of the existing one-
quarter-mile primitive vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA
for the Hi Mountain Enduro and as access to a USFS grazing allotment will
not create any unavoidable adverse impact due to the low level of use with
the motorcycle event occurring only once a year with only one pass through.
Fire suppression activities could result in short-term adverse impacts if
mechanized equipment is required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and
all current and projected short-term uses will continue. The long-term
productivity of the WSA would be maintained. Without wilderness designa-
tion, the possibility of activities such as mineral/energy development is
greater than under wilderness designation. However, in the Machesna WSA
the potential for mineral occurrence is low and no development is antici-
pated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

No irreversible or irretrievable commitments of the WSA’s wilderness
resources or other resource values are anticipated due to the lack of
projected management actions or surface-disturbing activities.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 80-acre Machesna WSA would be recommended as suitable for
wilderness designation under the All Wilderness Alternative. This Section
202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS Machesna
Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values.

2D-17

Machesna

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the protection of
wilderness values and the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event .

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 80-acre Machesna WSA would receive special
legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be
a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. The Hi
Mountain Enduro would not be able to use the one-quarter mile of existing
vehicle route resulting in a slight benefit to naturalness and solitude.
Use of this vehicle route as access to a grazing allotment on USFS lands
would also be terminated. The infrequent use of the road would be elim-
inated and there would be no periodic disruptions of solitude.

There are no other planned actions such as mineral/energy development or
general recreational ORV use presently occurring in the WSA that would be
eliminated resulting in any benefits to wilderness values. No grazing is
authorized for the WSA.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness
management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand
crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

There would be a slight positive benefit to wilderness values partic-
ularly naturalness and solitude as a result of precluding the Hi
Mountain Enduro motorcycle event and vehicle access for the adjacent
USFS grazing allotment. Long-term protection from unanticipated
future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be
provided by wilderness legislation.

Impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro

Wilderness designation of the Machesna WSA would preclude use of the WSA
for the Hi Mountain Enduro. The motorcycle event currently uses the

one-quarter mile of primitive vehicle route in the northwest corner of the
WSA to complete the "Nick Loop" portion of the overall course with approx-
imately 75 riders making one downhill pass through the WSA. This par-
ticular loop is not used exclusively, with other alternative routes used
periodically. While the route through the WSA would no longer be avail-
able, other routes exist and have been previously used for the event.
Therefore, there would be a negative impact to the Hi Mountain Enduro.
However, the annual event would continue to be held outside the WSA.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would preclude the use of the WSA for the Hi
Mountain Enduro. However, alternate routes also used for the event
exist outside the WSA permitting the annual event to continue to be
held.

Machesna

2D- 18

Yolla Bolly WSA

*

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA
(CA-030-501)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2E-3

General Description of the Area 2E-3

Identification of Issues 2E-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternative. . 2E-3

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2E-4

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2E-4

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2E-4

Recreation Management Actions 2E-7

Wildlife Management Actions 2E-7

Grazing Management Actions 2E-7

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2E-7

Vegetation Management Actions 2E-7

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2E-7

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2E-7

All Wilderness Alternative 2E-8

Summary of Significant Impacts 2E-9

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2E-10

Wilderness Values 2E-10

Naturalness 2E-10

Solitude 2E-10

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2E-10

Special Features 2E-10

Land Ownership 2E-10

Recreation 2E-11

Visual Resources 2E-11

Cultural Resources 2E-11

Wildlife 2E-11

Vegetation 2E-12

Soils and Watershed Resources 2E-12

Minerals and Energy 2E-12

Livestock Grazing 2E-13

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2E-13

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2E-13

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2E-14

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2E-14

2E- 1

Yolla-Bolly

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2E-14

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2E-14

All Wilderness Alternative 2E-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2E-15

MAPS

Proposed Action 2E-5

Yolla-Bolly

2E- 2

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA

( CA- 030-501 )
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Yolla-Bolly WSA is located in Tehama County, California. The WSA
consists of a 640-acre section of public lands that are adjacent to the
east boundary of the Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area administered
by the Shasta- Trinity National Forest.

The Yolla-Bolly WSA forms the slopes of the east side of the Yolla-Bolly
Mountains and lies above Cottonwood Creek. The steep south- facing slopes
of the WSA are dominated by chaparral brush species. The WSA offers no
special features and due to its steep, brushy terrain and small size offers
limited wildlife habitat, although deer and upland game, as well as
predators such as coyote, bobcat, and mountain lions are occasional
visitors. There is no grazing authorized for the WSA and no future grazing
is anticipated. Due to the steep terrain and lack of vehicular access
recreation opportunities and subsequent use are minimal.

The WSA is bounded by the USFS Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area to
the west with non- wilderness Forest Service lands to the north. Private
lands abut the east and south boundaries of the WSA.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Yolla-Bolly Section 202 WSA, one issue was identified during the
scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have
beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

No other issues were identified or considered for further analysis in the
EIS. There are no timber resources, and no significant cultural, wildlife
or mineral resources within the WSA.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

The following Proposed Action and Alternative for the Yolla-Bolly WSA were
selected for analysis in this EIS.

2E-3

Yolla Bolly

Proposed Ac t ion (No_ Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
640 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 640 acres within the Yolla Bolly WSA are recommended for
wilderness designation. Under this proposal the lands will be managed in
accordance with the existing Redding MFP. The lands within the WSA will
remain open to passive recreational uses. The terrain precludes the use
of recreational vehicles. The area is characteristic of the surrounding
landscape with no significant resources present. The Forest Service
indicated the addition of this area to the existing Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel
wilderness area would not enhance wilderness management or add significant
resource values.

All Wilderness Alternative

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non wilderness

The entire 640- acre Yolla Bolly WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig-
nated wilderness. While developments in support of activities such as
recreational ORV use, mining, and grazing would be prohibited, these
activities currently do not occur in the WSA and are not anticipated in
the future.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

No other alternatives were considered because of the area’s small size
(640 acres) and lack of special resource values.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could
occur under the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
640 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA
will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple
use under the guidance of the Redding MFP.

Yolla-Bolly

2E-4

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3000

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Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service
Wilderness Area

Miles

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aJyOLLA BOLLY SECTION 202
WILDERNESS STUDY AREA
PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

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Map

Proposed Action
Yolla-Bolly WSA

2E-5

Yolla-Bolly

Map for Yolla-Bolly
Page 2

Yolla Bolly

2E-6

Due to the area's small size, remote location and lack of resources, there
will be minimal active management of these lands. There is very minimal

recreation use and the area has been identified as habitat for wintering
deer herds.

Recreation Management Act ions

The Redding MFP designates the entire WSA as open to ORV use. There are
no roads or trails within the area. Total recreation use is estimated at
less than 10 visitor days, generally occurring from late spring to early
fall.

There will be no recreation- oriented facilities developed.

Wildlife Management Actions

The WSA has been identified as important deer wintering range. There are
no wildlife management facilities and none are contemplated.

Grazing Management Actions

There is no grazing within the WSA, and there are no plans to allow grazing
in the area. The topography and preponderance of chaparral brush elimi-
nates the area as suitable for livestock grazing.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

There is no evidence of any significant mineral deposits, geothermal, or
oil and gas resources within the WSA. No surface-disturbing activities or
mining facility development are anticipated within the WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

There are no anticipated vegetation management projects within the area.
The area's steep slopes and resultant erosion preclude any prescribed
vegetation manipulation.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There is low potential for cultural sites other than isolated prehistoric
hunting or gathering stations. There are no contemplated surface-

disturbing actions to other resources (timber, recreation, minerals) that
will impact potential cultural resources. In the unlikely event that such
an activity should occur, a site- specif ic plan will be prepared to mitigate
impacts to cultural sites.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions *

The Redding MFP places these lands as available for disposal. However,

due to the area's low to nonexistent commercial value, it is unlikely
these lands will be sold or exchanged. There are no easements or rights
of- way, and there is little likelihood of any in the future.

2E- 7

Yolla Bolly

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 640-acre Yolla-Bolly WSA would be designated as wilderness.
Discretionary management actions would be permitted only to preserve
wilderness values. There would be no mineral/energy development, grazing,
or recreational vehicle use within the WSA.

The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle
Eel Wilderness Area.

Recreation Management Actions

Under this alternative, the entire WSA would be closed to recreational
vehicle use. There would be no use of motorized vehicles and no recreation
developments .

Wildlife Management Actions

There would be no wildlife developments under this alternative as described
under the Proposed Action.

Grazing Management Actions

There is currently no grazing authorized and there are no plans to initiate
grazing as described under the Proposed Action.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA would be closed to all
forms of mineral entry. There are no known mineral or energy resources
within the WSA and no mining claims or mineral leases recorded. It is not
anticipated that any mineral/energy activity would occur prior to wilder-
ness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore,
no mineral/energy development would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

Under this alternative, there would be no vegetative management actions as
described under the Proposed Action.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no planned management actions for cultural resources under this
alternative as described under the Proposed Action.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under this alternative, all lands would remain in Federal ownership.
However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibili-
ties by the U.S. Forest Service in conjunction with their designated
Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

Yolla-Bolly

2E-8

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE YOLLA BOLLY WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION
(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

There are no planned manage-
ment actions or projected
surface-disturbing activities
within the WSA. Therefore,
no impacts to wilderness
values are anticipated.

The WSA would receive long
term, legislative protec-
tion that would maintain
the wilderness values.
There are no planned man-
agement actions or pro-
jected surface-disturbing
activities within the WSA.
Therefore, no impacts to
the WSA’s wilderness

values are anticipated.

2E 9

Yolla Bolly

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Yolla- Bolly WSA and the
resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed
Action and its alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Ukiah District
Office and the Redding Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES
Naturalness

The area shows little evidence of man's presence. The only exception is a
fuelbreak constructed in 1976 during a wildfire which has largely grown
back. There has been no mining in the area.

Solitude

The WSA's small size provides limited opportunity for solitude. The lack
of roads and motorized vehicle activity allows for undisturbed use. The
area is generally brush covered, making foot access difficult. There are
no surrounding developments or activities that would detract from the
feeling of solitude. While solitude is available, it is not considered to
be outstanding.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

The area offers traditional kinds of primitive recreational experience,
but these are not outstanding when compared to like areas. There is little
in the area to induce the average user to spend much time. There is no
permanent water source, and the area's landscape offers no diversity.

Special Features

There are no significant cultural or geophysical features present. There
are no significant wildlife resources in the area.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The area is composed of approximately 640 acres, all federally owned. The
area is bounded on the west by the USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness
and USFS non- wilderness on the north. These Forest Service lands are
administered by the Shas ta-Trinity National Forest. Private property lies
on the south and east. Extensive logging has taken place to the north,
with logging roads coming within one-quarter mile of the northeast corner
of the WSA.

Yolla- Bolly

2E-10

RECREATION

Recreation use is quite low. There is no opportunity for motorized use
within the WSA. The Redding MFP designates the area as open to ORV use.
There are no established foot trails in the area. Foot access is from
USFS roads on Trough Spring Ridge to the north. The northwest corner of
the area is relatively flat but drops steeply into Cottonwood Creek to the
south. Use i3 estimated at less than 50 visits per year, with most occur-
ring during the summer months. Because of the lack of motorized access
there is no hunting pressure.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The area has low visual qualities, with limited landscape diversity.
Vegetation within the area is generally sparse with some areas of rela-
tively thick stands of chaparral/chamise brush on a south-facing moderate
slope.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The WSA falls within the ethnographic territory of the Hill Nomlaki,
perhaps of the Waykewel dialect (Goldschmidt 1978:341). These people
utilized the hill and mountain country. Each village had its own special
area in the mountains which was used in the summer with the main settlement
along one of the principal foothill drainages. The study area falls
somewhere between these main settlement areas, probably representing an
area of ephemeral hunting and gathering. Goldschmidt (1978:349) notes
that: ’’Archaeological investigations in the area (Treganza and Heickson
1969) have confirmed those aspects of the reconstructed culture that are
amenable to archaeological preservation."

There has been no archaeological inventory of the study area. The Govern-
ment T.and Office historic plats for 1878 and 1881 illustrate no historic
features. The ethnographic inventory by Theodoratus Cultural Research,
Inc., (1984) reveals no ethnographic locations in the vicinity.

Overall, the archaeological sensitivity of the area must be considered
low. Shallow, active soils, steep slopes, and chaparral precluded major
prehistoric or historic use and limit the preservation of some site types
due mainly to erosion.

The ridges would be the most likely candidates for location of sites:
hunting or gathering stations, or temporary camps along trails from higher
mountains to the west to foothills and valleys to the east.

WILDLIFE

n

Due to the generally steep, brushy terrain, and the area’s small size,
wildlife is not abundant. Deer and some upland game are found. Predators
--coyote, bobcat, mountain lion are probably occasional visitors. While
there are no resident or nesting rare and endangered species, Peregrine
Falcon have been observed to the east in past years. The area,

2E-11

Yolla- Bolly

because of a general lack of bird life, is not considered to be suitable
foraging habitat.

The one intermittent stream within the WSA has no fish.

VEGETATION

The slopes are generally chaparral covered with ceanothus and chamise as
the dominant species. The brush, due to the area's moderately steep
slopes, is not impenetrable.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils located in the Yolla-Bolly WSA consist mainly of Etsel (554) soils.
These soils are very shallow and somewhat excessively drained. Typically,
the surface layer is light yellowish brown gravelly loam over very gravelly
loam about 7 inches thick. Fractured sandstone is at a depth of 7 inches.
Depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 10 inches. The natural vegetation on
the Etsel soil is mainly brush because of the limited soil depth, low
available water capacity, and climate. Water runoff is rapid and the
hazard of erosion is high under base soil conditions. Woodland management
and productivity for timber harvest is not mentioned for these soils
because of a low volume of timber.

MINERALS AND ENERGY

The geology of this section has been mapped as the Yolla-Bolly and Pickett
Peak terrains of the Franciscan assemblage in the northern Coast Range
geologic province.

Occurring in the southwest corner of the parcel, the Yolla-Bolly terrain
has been further identified as Chicago Rock Melange consisting of sheared
argillite, graywacke, conglomerate, and possible small unmapped bodies of
greenstone, chert, and serpentinite . Thrust over this is the Valentine
Spring Formation of the Pickett Peak terrain composed primarily of meta-
graywacke and a central zone of schistose metavolcanic rock. In the
extreme northeast corner, the Log Springs Thrust fault has pushed the
South Fork Mountain Schist of the Picket Peak terrain adjacent to and over
the Valentine Spring Formation. Intensely crumpled and quartz- veined mica
schist and fine-grained, laminated greenish-bluish metabasalt comprise
this formation.

From a literature search, no direct evidence of mineral resources was
found. From the study of the adjacent Yolla-Bolly Wilderness Area, it was
determined that existing and potential manganese and chrome deposits occur
within the chert layers and serpentine, respectively, of the Yolla-Bolly
terrain. Four prospects in mica schist, one to two miles north of Section
18, revealed no anomalous metal values. There is a low potential for
manganese and chrome on this property. No other mineral potentials are
expected. There are no claims within the WSA as of March 25, 1988.

Yolla- Bolly

2E-12

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is no livestock grazing in the area and none is anticipated due to
the lack of suitable forage.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described
issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the
area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
640 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA will be recommended for
wilderness designation under the Proposed Action. The WSA will be managed
for multiple use in accordance with the existing Redding MFP.

2E- 13

Yolla- Bolly

The WSA will not be included In the adjacent USFS designated Yolla-Bolly/
Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to the long-term
protection of wilderness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 640 acres in the Yolla-Bolly WSA
will be designated wilderness. None of the wilderness values will receive
the special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation.
The wilderness values, including opportunities for solitude as well as
primitive and unconfined recreation, of the Section 202 WSA are generally
dependent on the adjacent USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area.
The WSA has retained its naturalness with the exception of a fuelbreak
that has largely revegetated.

There are no projected management actions for the WSA. The remote location
and lack of vehicular access result in less than 10 visitor days of non-
motorized recreation use. The Redding MFP designates the area as open to
ORV use. The WSA is not suitable for grazing and there is no evidence of
any significant mineral deposits, geothermal, or oil and gas resources in
the WSA. Therefore, there are no activities or surface disturbance pro-
jected that will impact wilderness values in the WSA.

Conclusion:

There are no planned management actions or projected surface-disturbing
activities within the WSA. Therefore, no impacts to wilderness values
are anticipated.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions or surface-disturbing activities
for the WSA. There will be no unavoidable adverse impacts to the wilder-
ness resource or other resource values of the WSA.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Use3 of Man*s Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and
all current and projected short-term uses will continue. There are no
projected uses other than limited nonmotorized recreation use (less than
10 visitor days). Therefore, the long-term productivity of the WSA will
be maintained.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

There will be no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of the WSA's
wilderness resources or other resource values. There are no surface-
disturbing activities projected for the WSA.

Yolla- Bolly

2E-14

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

All 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA would be recommended as suitable
for wilderness designation under the All Wilderness Alternative- This
Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS
Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness
values .

The primary concern under this alternative related to the long-term protec-
tion of wilderness values within the WSA.

Impacts on Wilderne ss Values

Wilderness values within the 640- acre Yolla-Bolly WSA would receive special
legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There are no
current uses or projected activities as described under the Proposed Action
that would be affected by wilderness designation. The only current use of
the WSA is nonmotorized recreation use, hiking and hunting that account for
less than 10 visitor use days. This recreation use would continue under
the All Wilderness Alternative. There are no other projected uses or
activities within the WSA. Wilderness values which are generally dependent
upon the adjacent USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area would be
retained .

Conclusion:

The WSA would receive long-term, legislative protection that would
maintain the wilderness values. There are no planned management

actions or projected surface-disturbing activities within the WSA.
Therefore no impacts to the WSA’s wilderness values are anticipated.

2E- 15

Yolla-Bolly

Big Butte WSA

BIG BUTTE WSA
(CA-050-211)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2F-3

General Description of the Area 2F-3

Identification of Issues 2F-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternative. . 2F-5

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2F-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2F-6

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2F-6

Recreation Management Actions 2F-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2F-6

Grazing Management Actions 2F-9

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2F-9

Vegetation Management Actions 2F-9

Timber Management Actions 2F-9

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2F-9

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2F-10

All Wilderness Alternative 2F-10

Summary of Significant Impacts 2F-12

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2F-13

Wilderness Values 2F-13

Naturalness 2F-13

Solitude 2F-13

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2F-13

Special Features 2F-13

Land Ownership 2F-13

Recreation 2F-14

Visual Resources 2F-14

Cultural Resources 2F-14

Wildlife 2F-14

Vegetation 2F-15

Timber Resources 2F-15

Soils and Watershed Resources 2F-15

Minerals and Energy 2F-16

Livestock Grazing 2F-16

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2F-16

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2F-19

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2F-19

Impacts on Timber Harvest 2F-21

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2F-21

2F--1

Big Butte

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s
Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2F-21

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2F-22

All Wilderness Alternative 2F-22

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2F-22

Impacts on Timber Harvest 2F-23

MAPS

Proposed Action 2F-7

Commercial Forest Lands 2F-17

Big Butte

2F-2

BIG BUTTE WSA

(CA-050- 211)
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Big Butte WSA is located in Mendocino and Trinity Counties, California.
The WSA is comprised of seven parcels totaling approximately 2,391 acres.
These parcels are adjacent to the west and south of the BLM's Big Butte
addition to the Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area administered by the
Mendocino National Forest. The Big Butte addition was included as part of
the California Wilderness Act of 1984 but did not include the parcels that
comprise this WSA.

The topography of the WSA varies from moderately steep canyon walls to
relatively flat ridgetops, with vegetation varying from sparse chaparral
to mixed conifer stands. The WSA includes 613 acres of commercial forest-
land supporting approximately 17 MMBF of timber. The portions of the WSA
below the 3,500-foot elevation are part of an Area of Special Biological
Importance for wintering black- tailed deer as identified by the California
Department of Fish and Game. Bald Eagles, Golden Eagles and Peregrine
Falcons are known to occasionally use the WSA and the streams outside the
WSA for foraging. However, the WSA is not known to have any nesting sites
or provide primary habitat for these raptors. Other wildlife species in
the general area which may occasionally visit the WSA include black bear,
coyote, bobcat, and mountain lion. Recreation use within the WSA is
considered minimal due to the limited access to these seven isolated
parcels. There is one grazing allotment that includes portions of the WSA
to support 50 to 100 AUMs depending on forage production.

The seven parcels that comprise the WSA are generally scattered along the
western boundary of the Big Butte addition of the USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle
Eel Wilderness Area with private lands surrounding the remainder of each
parcel. There is no access to these parcels from the south and west, with
primarily foot access available from the Forest Service lands.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Big. Butte Section 202 WSA, two issues were identified during the
scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have
beneficial or adverse effects on its wilderness values.

2F-3

Big Butte

- Impacts on Timber Harvest

Timber harvesting would be precluded in the WSA under wilderness
designation. Approximately 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres of
commercial forestlands will not be harvested and would be removed
from the timber base.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy-
sis in the BIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected
for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason
for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Anadromous Fish Spawning and Nursery Streams

The only potential impacts would be from surface disturbance
caused by logging operations. The nearest major river, the Eel,
is some 3 to 4 miles from the timber stands, and the smaller
tributaries of Casoose and Antone Creeks have only minor direct
contact with the timbered areas. In addition, the Timber Manage-
ment Plan for SYU 13 provides mitigation measures that establish
protection to the anadromous fisheries.

- Impacts on Water Quality

The Casoose/Antone Creek systems could potentially be affected by
logging operations. However, these streams have little direct
contact with the areas that would be logged. Mitigation measures
of SYU 13 provide protection that would assure that minimum stan
dards would be maintained as established by State and Federal law.

- Impacts on Wildlife

While logging could have a short-term displacement effect on
wildlife, no substantial concerns were raised. The deer wintering
range is largely outside the WSA boundary and would not be signifi-
cantly affected by activity within the WSA. The California Natural
Diversity Data Base reported a single Spotted Owl east of the WSA
in Section 22 on Foot of Bull Ridge in 1976. While some of the
timber in the WSA in Section 21 may be used as foraging habitat,
the issue was not considered for further analysis in this EIS due
to the lack of sightings or known nesting habitat in the WSA.

- Impacts on Cultural Resources

The overall potential for historic or prehistoric archaeological
resources is low to moderate. The only potential disturbance
would be from logging. Various measures, such as project specific
inventory and mitigation or salvage, effectively protect cultural
resources. There are no known sites in the WSA that qualify for
inclusion in the National Register of Historic Sites. Therefore,
cultural resources were not considered for further analysis.

Big Butte

2F-4

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

The following Proposed Action and Alternative for the Big Butte WSA were
selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 2,391 acres within the WSA will be

designated as wilderness. The parcels comprising the WSA range in size

from a few acres to approximately 1,000 acres. These parcels were origin-
ally assessed by the USFS as part of the larger block of public lands

included in the Big Butte addition to the Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness
Area which was designated as part of the California Wilderness Act of

1984. The boundary of the Wilderness Area established by Congress is
defined by creeks and ridges, resulting in these residual parcels. Neither
individual parcels nor the WSA as a whole will add significantly to the
Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness. There are no outstanding wilderness
values or cultural or wildlife resources that will receive protection
through wilderness designation. Inclusion will result in a meandering
boundary with no attention to topographic or geographic features that are
easily identified and observed. The Forest Service indicated that the

addition of this area would not enhance wilderness management.

Under this Proposed Action, the 17 MMBF of timber will be included in the
timber base and harvested in the future.

All Wilderness Alternative

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,391- acre Big Butte WSA would be designated wilderness. This
alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig-
nated wilderness. Under this alternative wilderness values, cultural, and
wildlife resources would receive maximum benefit. Approximately 17 MMBF
of timber would be removed from the timber base. Grazing would remain at
levels established when the area is included in the wilderness system.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

A Partial Wilderness Alternative was considered but dropped from further
consideration. Adding portions of the VISA to the existing wilderness
would not add any outstanding physical, cultural, or wildlife values.
Additionally, none of the parcels would create a more easily definable and
manageable on- the- ground boundary for the existing Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel
Wilderness Area.

2F-5

Big Butte

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be
predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made
to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and Alternative.
These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS.
They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could
occur under the Proposed Action and Alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 2,391 acres within the Big Butte WSA
will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple
use under the guidance of the East Mendocino MFP. (Upon completion of the
Areata Resource Management Plan, management prescriptions will be guided
by that plan). Under this action, the area will be managed for multiple
use. Proposals for surface-disturbing actions will be approved only with
stipulations to assure protection of sensitive resources. Section 106 of
the National Historic Preservation Act will be met by complying with the
provisions of the Statewide Cultural Resource Programmatic Memorandum of
Agreement .

Management actions arising from the Proposed Action (detailed below) would
include land tenure adjustment, timber harvest, and continued livestock
grazing.

Recreation Management Actions

Off- road vehicles will be limited to designated roads and trails. Pres-
ently there is no public access to any of the parcels. There is approxi-
mately one-<iu«irl,or mile of joep trail In tho northwest portion of the W5A
accessible from private land.

Visitor use is estimated at less than 50 use days per year with approxi-
mately 30 visitor days related to recreational vehicle use. There are no
significant increases in use projected.

There are no plans to construct trails or other recreational facilities
within the area.

Wildlife Management Actions

Although portions of the WSA are within the California Department of Fish
and Game’s Area of Special Biological Importance for deer wintering habitat
there are no planned habitat management activities. There are no wildlife
improvements within the WSA, and none are planned.

Big Butte

2F-6

Proposed Action
Biq Butte WSA

MIDDL

Travis

•itanch

soose

iprvng

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service
Wilderness Area

Public Lands Included
In Wilderness Area

2'£any'o,

Private Lands Inside
Wilderness Area

Miles

480 1

|. MAP 7 « | H * f

BIG BUTTE SECTION 202
WILDERNESS STUDY AREA
PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

'X3soo>

Big Butte

// //-///,

/////,

2F-7

Map for Big Butte

■

Big Butte

2F~8

Grazing Management Actions

The total allowable grazing level within the WSA is 100 AUMs . Actual use
varies between 50-100 AUMs, depending upon yearly weather and foraging
conditions. There are no existing or proposed grazing facilities to be
constructed or maintained.

A small (10-acre) test planting is scheduled in Sections 4 and 5 In the
vicinity of Antone Lake to determine the viability of increasing suitable
forage in the area. Native or naturalized species will be used. The seed
will be drilled with minimal surface disturbance using a tractor over a
two-day period. The Allotment Management Plan, which outlines the Bureau’s
policies and grazing practices allowed, was completed in 1985, with the
allotment first established in 1976.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 2,391 acres within the WSA will be open to mineral exploration
and development. However, based on the lack of interest, the absence of
known significant ore deposits, and the absence of any claims, no develop-
ment is anticipated. There are no leasable or saleable materials in the
WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

The only planned vegetation manipulation is described in the Grazing
Management Actions section above. Total area on Federal lands will be
less than 10 acres. Use of chemicals is not proposed.

Timber Management Actions

Under this action there will be a total of 613 acres of commercial forest
land (CFL) and approximately 17 MMBF of timber available for harvest. Of
this, some 351 acres, or 9 MMBF of timber, will be economical to harvest
as separate sales. The remaining 262 acres and 8 MMBF of timber are
isolated, scattered tracts, and will be dependent on other sales to be
economic to harvest.

Logging will be accomplished by either cat or cable, depending on slope
and soil erosion rates. It is anticipated that up to 2 miles of logging
roads will be constructed in the WSA to support timber harvest activities.

Cultu ral Resource Management Actions

Because of the low potential for archaeological resources, a Cultural
Resource Management Plan is not proposed. There are no known sites that
meet criteria for nomination to the National Registry. The only cultural
resource management actions will occur in response to proposals for timber
harvesting which will require site-specific inventories and any resultant
mitigation measures identified.

2F-9

Big Butte

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under the Proposed Action, the lands will be available for disposal by
exchange. Lands remaining in Federal ownership will be managed under the
concept of multiple use. There are no plans to acquire general public
access to these lands.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,391 acres within the seven parcels that comprise the Big
Butte WSA would be designated as wilderness. Under this alternative
timber harvesting and ORV use would be prohibited.

Existing livestock grazing would continue as an authorized nonconforming
use. Discretionary management actions would be permitted only to preserve
wilderness values. The WSA would be managed to complement the adjacent
USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

Recreation Management Actions

Under the All Wilderness Alternative recreational vehicle use would be
eliminated in the WSA and one- quarter mile of jeep trail would be closed.
No public vehicular access is available to the WSA. However, approximately
30 visitor days of recreational vehicle use from adjacent private lands
would be precluded. There are no plans to construct trails or other
recreational facilities in the WSA.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there are no wildlife management
actions planned for the WSA. Portions of the area would still be desig-
nated as part of an Area of Special Biological Importance for deer winter-
ing habitat as identified by the California Department of Fish and Game.

Grazing Management Actions

Grazing management would be essentially the same as described under the
Proposed Action for this alternative. Use would be determined by levels
in existence at the time of designation. The Allotment Management Plan
(AMP) specifies 100 animal unit months per year. A 10-acre test seeding,
as outlined in the AMP, would not be accomplished.

Mineral/Rnergy Development Actions

Wilderness designation would close the entire 2,391-acre WSA to all forms
of mineral entry unless valid existing rights exist. Although the area
has a low to moderate potential for mineral occurrence the lack of mining
claims and the low potential for mineral development, it is not anticipated
that any mining activity would occur or establish valid existing rights
prior to wilderness designation. Therefore, no mineral/energy development
actions are projected under wilderness designation.

Big Butte

2F-10

Vegetation Management Actions

Under this alternative, there are no vegetative manipulations as outlined
In Grazing Management Actions above.

Timber Management Actions

Under this alternative, there would be no timber management activities and
17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres would be removed from the timber base.

Cul tural Resource Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no cultural resource
management actions planned for the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under this alternative all Federal lands would remain in public ownership.
There are no private lands within the WSA. A cooperative agreement would
establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con-
junction with their designated Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area
adjacent to the WSA.

2F-11

Big Butte

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE BIG BUTTE WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

Impacts on
Wilderness Values

Impacts on
Timber Harvesting

| PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

There will be slight impacts
to wilderness values from
anticipated timber harvest
activities, test planting to
increase forage production
for livestock, and continued
low level of motorized
recreation use within the
WSA. Up to 613 acres of
timber land could be har-
vested for 17 MMBF. The
perception of naturalness
will be reduced on up to
1,600 acres and solitude
will be periodically dis-
rupted as a result of timber
harvest activities including
road construction. A test
planting of native and
naturalized species to in-
crease forage production
will have a short-term impact
on wilderness values with
up to 160 acres of the per-
ception of naturalness im-
paired. There will be only
negligible impacts, primarily
on solitude, as a result of
up to 30 visitor days of
motorized recreation use and
infrequent landowner use of
Big Butte Road for access.

There will be no impact on
timber harvesting. All 17
MMBF on approximately 613
acres will be available for
harvesting .

ALL WILDERNESS
ALTERNATIVE

Wilderness designation would
have a slight positive
benefit to wilderness
values. As a result of
precluding timber harvesting
on 613 acres and a test
planting to increase forage
production as well as
eliminating 30 visitor days
of motorized recreation use,
wilderness values would be
retained and slightly en-
hanced, particularly natur-
alness and solitude. Addi-
tionally, long-term pro-
tection from unanticipated
future actions that could
result in potential adverse
impacts would be provided.

Harvesting of up to 17 MMBF
of timber on 613 acres
would be precluded under
wilderness designation.

This 17 MMBF represents less
than 5 percent of the Ukiah
District's timber base.

There would be a minor
impact on timber harvesting
as a result of wilderness
management .

Big Butte

2F-12

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Big Butte WSA and the
resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed
Action and its Alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional
socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the
area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Ukiah District
Office and the Areata Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES

Naturalness

The lands within the WSA have not been impacted by man’s presence to any
great extent. There is one jeep trail in the northern portion that enters
briefly into the WSA. The Big Butte Road passes through the WSA at the
southern boundary in Section 35. There are no other intrusions in the WSA.

Solitude

The WSA offers limited opportunities for solitude, but they are dependent
on the previously established Big Butte addition to the USFS Yolla-Bolly/
Middle Eel Wilderness. The small, isolated parcels that comprise the WSA
do not provide the sense of solitude without considering the adjacent
lands. The topography varies from moderately steep canyon walls to rela-
tively flat ridgetops, with vegetation varying from sparse to brush and
timber covered.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Due to limited public access, use in the WSA is minimal. Opportunities
are in large part dependent upon the adjoining established wilderness.
Estimated use is less than 50 visits per year.

Special Features

The California Department of Fish and Game considers elevations at 3,500
feet and below as an Area of Special Biological Importance (ASBI) for
wintering deer herds. There are no recorded RT&E species or listed plants
in the area.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA contains approximately 2,391 acres in seven parcels scattered to
the west and south of the Big Butte addition to the Yolla- Bolly/Middle
Eel Wilderness. There is no private property within the boundary of the
WSA. There is no public access from the south or west. The Big Butte
Road traverses approximately one- half mile of the WSA. This road provides
private access through the WSA to private lands for timber management and
is not open for public use. The road was originally authorized in 1977
prior to the BLM’s wilderness inventory process.

2F-13

Big Butte

RECREATION

Recreation use in the WSA is virtually nonexistent. There is no public
access from the west or south. A jeep trail winding north from Travis
Ranch penetrates approximately one-quarter mile into the WSA. There are
portions of old jeep and horse/foot trails in disrepair along Lightning
Ridge that may penetrate the boundary. However these trails are generally
accessible only by hiking from the Forest Service lands with no vehicle
access. These are not available to the public. Estimated use is less
than 50 visits per year with 30 of these visits attributable to motorized
recreation use. Due to the limited access, hunting pressure is very
light. There are no fishing streams within the WSA.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The WSA offers some variety in slope, from fairly level ridgetops to
moderately steep canyon walls. There is, however, no significant vertical
relief. Vegetation varies from bare or sparse exposed slopes to patches
of chaparral (ceanothus), chamise, or scrub oak. Higher elevations offer
a variety of Douglas fir and sugar/yellow pine. There is one intermittent
stream within the area. In total, the area's overall scenic quality is
considered to be moderate.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The study area falls within the ethnographic area of the Pitch Wailaki who
had main habitation sites along Hulls, Red Mountain and Casoose Creeks in
addition to adjacent portion of the North Fork Eel River (Goddare, 1924:
218; Baumhoff, 1958:177; Elsasser, 1978:191). It is, however, doubtful
that the Pitch Wailaki or their predecessors had major occupation sites
within this disjunct study area due to the lack of suitable terrain and
water sources. Approximately 350 acres within the WSA have been examined
for prehistoric and historic archaeological resources with negative results
(Roberts, 1978). The presence of nearby archaeological sites in Antone
Basin, Casoose Creek and Lightning Ridge would indicate a moderate poten-
tial for task oriented archaeological sites within four restricted portions
of the WSA. The remaining portions of the WSA are predicted to have a low
sensitivity for cultural sites. An historic feature of local interest
runs through the northwest end of the WSA where a current jeep trail marks
a former pack and, quite probably, aboriginal trail. Jack Littlefiend was
lynched (hence the local creek names) by George White's band of Round
Valley men in the late Nineteenth Century along this trail. An inventory
of regional sociocultural values was conducted by BLM with negative results
( Eby- Burroughs , 1979).

WILDLIFE

Elevations below 3,500 feet have been classified as an ASBI for wintering
black- tailed deer by the California Department of Fish and Game. These
areas are primarily located outside the WSA. However, there is some

Big Butte

2F-14

habitat in the northwest portion of the WSA along the drainages. Black
bear are occasional visitors in the area, as well as predators such as the
coyote, bobcat, and mountain lion.

Bald Eagles are occasional visitors along the streams outside the WSA
during anadromous fish runs. Their presence is very limited within the
WSA. Golden Eagles and Peregrine Falcons use the WSA for foraging, but
there are no known nesting sites. In 1976 a single sighting of a Spotted
Owl was reported east of the WSA on the Foot of Bull Ridge in Section 22
according to the California Natural Diversity Data Base. There have been
no sightings of Spotted Owls in the WSA, however the area may be used as
foraging habitat.

Due to limited public access, there is little hunting in the area, and no
sport fishing.

VEGETATION

Vegetation consists of serpentine chaparral, mixed chaparral, lower montane
chaparral and mixed evergreen and coniferous stands consisting of Douglas
fir and sugar/yellow pine. Growth ranges from barren slopes to moderate
stands of vegetation. There are no listed or candidate threatened or
endangered species that have been identified in the WSA.

T rMBER RESOURCES

There are 613 acres of Commercial Forest Land (CFL) within the WSA, with
approximately 17 MMBF of timber (see Map). Timber species composite is
approximately equal portions of sugar/yellow pine and Douglas fir. The
timber is included in the Ukiah District’s timber base, however the area
has not been included in the 10- year timber harvest plan because of interim
wilderness management guidelines established to maintain wilderness
characteristics of WSAs while they are under study. The area has not been
previously logged.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

The dominant soil components of the Big Butte WSA are the Bluenose (732)
Neuns, Gudgran Shortyork (942) and the Sandefrin (161). Soils located on
steep slopes in excess of 30% can exhibit high erosion rates if surface
soils are disturbed. Even though soil depth of the area is 20 to 40
inches, the permeability rate is slow, and erosion rates can significantly
increase on steep slopes whose surface soils are disturbed.

2F-15

Big Butte

MINERALS AND ENERGY

There Ls a moderate to low potential for the occurrence of manganese,
chromite, and asbestos in the WSA. All of these minerals have been
described as critical and strategic by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The area
has no known potential for other mineral resources, including oil and gas,
geothermal, and saleable materials. As of March 21, 1988, there were no
mining claims recorded in the WSA.

While there has been some exploration for chromite within the WSA, there
has been no mining within the WSA, with only limited production in the
general area outside the WSA.

Manganese deposits in this area occur in discontinuous lenses which
rapidly pinch out and normally have low volume. Because of this, indivi-
dual deposits have a low value in spite of the ore’s high grade. Mining
of manganese ore in the general area has been sporadic, with no mining in
the Big Butte WSA.

Exploration for asbestos has taken place within the WSA, but has not
resulted in any actual mining development. As a result of the low volume
and discontinuous nature of the deposits, the potential for mineral
development is considered to be low.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is one grazing allotment that encompasses the southern portions of
the WSA. AUMs within the WSA total 50-100 annually depending upon climato-
logical conditions and resultant forage production. There are no range
improvements, and none are planned.

The allotment management plan calls for test seeding to improve forage in
portions of Sections 21, 17, and 34. Native or naturalized perennial
grasses and clover will be used.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping
process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described
issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the
area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be
insignif leant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical
and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in
this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of
this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

Big Butte

2F-16

Commercial Forest Lands
Big Butte WSA

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BIG BUTTE SECTION 202

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Big Butte

2F-17

Map Big Butte
Page 2

Butte

2F-18

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental
impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area’s
wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group
of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation
or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to
be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in
the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the
area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the
regional or local population would change over more than one genera-
tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population
as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the
abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource.
In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of
the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond
which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to
its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation
2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 2,391 acres within the Big Butte WSA will be recommended as
suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple
uses in accordance with the East Mendocino MFP (the Areata RMP is currently
being prepared and will provide future management prescriptions).

The seven parcels that comprise the WSA will not be included in the adja-
cent USFS Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area. The existing wilderness
area includes a portion of BLM public lands that was included in the
California Wilderness Act of 1984 as the Big Butte addition.

The primary impacts under the Proposed Action relate to wilderness values
as a result of timber harvest activities.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA will not result in any of the
2,391 acres within the WSA being designated wilderness. None of the
wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided
by wilderness designation. The WSA has for the most part retained its
natural character, with the exception of a one- quarter- mile portion of a
jeep trail in the northwest parcel. Opportunities for solitude as well as
primitive and unconfined recreation are limited and generally dependent on
the adjacent wilderness. A special feature of the WSA is that the areas
less than 3,500 feet in elevation are considered an Area of Special Bio-
logical Importance for winter deer herds by the California Department of
Fish and Game.

2F-19

. Big Butte

Harvesting of 9 MMBF of timber on three parcels totaling 351 acres will
result in a short-term loss of naturalness in those areas. The perception
of naturalness will be impaired within a total of approximately 700 acres.
Construction of up to 2 miles of spur roads will result in localized
impacts with the perception of naturalness impaired on up to 300 acres.
The amount of road construction will depend on whether cat or cable harvest
methods are used. During logging operations solitude will be disrupted.
In addition to these three timber sales, 8 MMBF of timber on scattered,
isolated tracts totaling 262 acres could be harvested if included with
timber sales on lands outside the WSA, resulting in an additional short-
term loss of naturalness with the perception of naturalness impaired
within 500 acres. While there will be temporary displacement of wildlife
particularly deer within the Area of Special Biological Importance in the
northwest portion of the WSA, browse area and vegetation will increase in
the clearings created by the timber harvest. Due to the lack of primitive
and unconfined recreation opportunities timber harvest activities will
only result in negligible impacts.

A planned 1.0-acre test planting of native or naturalized species to
increase forage production will result in short-term impairment of the
perception of naturalness. The test planting will be visible from within
approximately 160 acres near Antone Lake in the northwest portion of the
WSA. The impacts to naturalness will be minimized as the vegetation
becomes established. The use of mechanized equipment including a tractor
and drill will result in a short- term disruption of solitude over a 2-day
period. Actual grazing use is not anticipated to increase from the current
allowable 100 AUMs and will not result in any impacts to the area’s wilder-
ness values.

Although there is no public access for motorized recreation use, access
from private lands outside the WSA will continue. Approximately 30 visitor
days of motorized recreation use will maintain one- quarter mile of jeep
trail in an unnatural condition with a bare soil surface. The perception
of naturalness will be impaired only in the northernmost parcel with dense
vegetation tending to localize impacts to an area of less than 160 acres.

Impacts on opportunities for solitude will be negligible as a result of
infrequent motorized recreation use. These impacts will be localized and
only noticeable in the northernmost parcel. The Big Butte Road which
passes through less than one- half mile of the central parcel of the WSA,
is only used by landowners of private inholdings within the Big Butte
Addition to the Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area. The road is used
infrequently and only available to the landowners with no access to the
general public. Continued periodic use of the road will slightly impact
solitude and opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation within
the immediate vicinity of the road.

Periodic and infrequent vehicle use within the WSA will have a negligible
impact on the Area of Special Biological Importance, however due to the
low level of use and small amount of the wintering deer habitat within the
WSA, it is not anticipated that there will by any displacement of deer.

Due to the low potential for mineral development and the lack of mining
claims, no mining activities are anticipated.

Big Butte

2F-20

Conclusion:

There will be slight impacts to wilderness values from anticipated
timber harvest activities, test planting to increase forage production
for livestock, and continued low level of motorized recreation use
within the WSA. Up to 613 acres of timber land could be harvested for
17 MMBF. The perception of naturalness will be reduced on up to 1,500
acres and solitude will be periodically disrupted as a result of timber
harvest activities including road construction. A test planting of
native and naturalized species to increase forage production will have
a short-term impact on wilderness values with up to 160 acres of the
perception of naturalness impaired. There will be only negligible
impacts, primarily on solitude, as a result of up to 30 visitor days of
motorized recreation use and infrequent landowner use of the Big Butte
Road for access.

Impacts on Timber Harvesting

By not designating the WSA as wilderness, timber harvest activities could
continue. Approximately 9 MMBF of timber on 351 acres will be economical
to harvest as three separate sales. The remaining 262 acres containing 8
MMBF will be available for harvest also. However, these areas are consid-
ered to be isolated, scattered tracks that will be dependent on other sale
areas outside the WSA to be economically viable.

Conclusion:

There will be no impact on timber harvesting. All 17 MMBF on approxi-
mately 613 acres will be available for harvesting.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

The only unavoidable adverse impacts will be related to timber harvest.
These impacts will be greatly reduced through careful preplanning and
immediate replanting/rehabilitation of disturbed sites. Other activities
such as continued motorized recreation use and the test planting for
livestock grazing will result in only minor, short-term impacts.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's Environment and the
Maintenance and Enhanceme nt of Long-term Productivity

If the WSA is not designated wilderness, all present short-term uses such
as motorized recreation, hunting, and livestock grazing will continue.
Future development options will remain open including projected timber
harvesting and a proposed test planting to increase native or naturalized
forage for livestock. Management actions projected under the Proposed
Action will not likely result in any significant adverse impacts on long-
term productivity. Timber management practices and the proposed test
plant will likely improve long-term productivity within the WSA.

2F-21

Big Butte

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

The projected low levels of motorized recreation and livestock grazing use
as well as timber harvesting of 17 MMBF on approximately 613 acres will
not result in any anticipated irreversible and irretrievable commitments
of resources. Additionally, there are no mineral development activities
anticipated, therefore, no irreversible commitment of resources is
expected.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness
0 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 2,391 acres comprising
the seven parcels of the Big Butte WSA would be recommended as suitable
for wilderness designation. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in
conjunction with the adjacent USES Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area
to maintain existing wilderness values.

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the long-term protec-
tion of wilderness values within the WSA and the prohibition of timber
harvest .

Impac ts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 2, 391- acre Big Butte WSA would receive special
legislative protection provided by wilderness designation.

By eliminating 30 visitor days of motorized recreation on one-quarter mile
of jeep trail in the northwest portion of the WSA there would be a slight
positive benefit to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and soli-
tude. Revegetation of this jeep trail would occur slowly with grasses
invading the bare soil area within two years and chaparral brush species
requiring up to ten years to become established. Continued infrequent use
of the Big Butte Road to provide access to owners of private inholdings in
the adjacent wilderness area would slightly impact solitude.

Timber harvest activities on up to 613 acres and the 10-acre test planting
of native and naturalized species to increase forage for livestock would
be precluded under wilderness designation. Wilderness values such as
naturalness, solitude, and opportunities for primitive and unconfined
recreation would be retained. There would be no potential disruption of
deer within the Area of Special Biological Importance.

Continued livestock grazing at the existing level of up to 100 AUMs would
not further impact any wilderness values within the WSA.

Big Butte

2F-22

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would have a slight positive benefit to wilder-
ness values. As a result of precluding timber harvesting on 613 acres
and a test planting to increase forage production as well as eliminat
ing 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use, wilderness values
would be retained and slightly enhanced, particularly naturalness and
solitude. Additionally, long-term protection from unanticipated
future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be
provided.

Impacts on Timber Harvest

Wilderness designation of the Big Butte WSA would preclude timber harvest
of 17 MMBF on a total of 613 acres. Only 9 MMBF of this timber on 351
acres is considered economical. The remaining 8 MMBF on 262 acres would
be dependent on timber sales outside the WSA to be economical due to the
isolated nature and small size of the scattered tracts. The total timber
available within the WSA accounts for less than 5 percent of the Ukiah
District's timber base.

Conclusion:

Harvesting of up to 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres would be precluded
under wilderness designation. This 17 MMBF represents less than 5

percent of the Ukiah District's timber base. There would be a minor
impact on timber harvesting as a result of wilderness management.

2F-23

Big Butte

CONSULTATION AND
COORDINATION

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

OVERVIEW Of THE PROCESS

Consultation and coordination with the public and governmental agencies
was a planned and integral part of the management alternatives analyzed in
the California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas draft Environmental
Impact Statement. Formal and informal consultation began in 1978 with the
initial inventory of public lands to determine their wilderness potential.

A Federal Register notice, news release, and scoping letter mailed to over
1,250 organizations, agencies, and individuals in December, 1986, announced
the initiation of plan amendments for the Coast/Valley RMP and South Sierra
Foothills MFP in the Bakersfield District, California; Alturas RMP and
Tuledad/ Home camp MFP in the Susanville District, California; East Mendocino
MFP and Redding Land Use Plan in the Ukiah District, California; and the
Walker RMP in the Carson City District, Nevada. This also initiated the
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), invited comments and solicited
suggestions on issues to be discussed and analyzed for each of the eight
Section 202 WSAs to be studied. Oral and written comments received
throughout the planning process wore used in the development of the Pro-
posed Actions and alternatives analyzed in the draft EIS.

On October 15, 1987, a Federal Register notice indicated that the draft
EIS had been prepared, announced review locations, identified the times,
dates, and locations of the public hearings for the DEIS, and included
preliminary recommendations. At the same time, the DEIS was sent to
individuals and organizations on each of the Districts wilderness mailing
lists. Distribution of the DEIS to the California State Clearinghouse, to
local, state, and federal agencies, elected officials and other interested
parties also occurred at this time.

The October 15, 1987, Notice of Availability for the DEIS was amended by a
November 20, 1987, Federal Register notice which identified a review
extension to February 15, 1988, resulting from a later EPA filing date
than was previously anticipated.

Three public hearings were scheduled to assure opportunity for public
involvement. These were held in Cedarville, December 1, 1987; Ukiah,
December 2, 1987; and Bakersfield, December 9, 1987. The public hearings
were officially noticed in the Federal Register on Thursday, October 15,
1987. Additionally, each District hosting the public hearings made efforts
to inform local interest groups using mailings and newspaper announcements.

Public hearings were held in Ukiah, California, on December 2, 1987, in
Cedarville, California, on December 1, 1987, and in Bakersfield,
California on December 9, 1987. Hearing details and comment summaries
appear in the Results from the Public Review on the Draft EIS section
later in this chapter.

Consu 1 tation

3-1

This final EIS has been prepared following the review of the draft EIS,
public hearings, and upon receipt of written comments. For those
Section 202 WSAs not recommended for wilderness designation, the State
Director has the authority under FLPMA to release those public lands from
wilderness study and return them to multiple use management in accordance
with existing land use plans. A FEIS is prepared for these WSAs with a
30-day public review period. A Draft Record of Decision is filed for a
60-day Governor's Review, after which the Record of Decision is completed.
Multiple use management may begin 30 days after the State Director signs
the Record of Decision.

For the Section 202 WSAs recommended suitable for wilderness designation,
the final EFS along with a wilderness study report outlining the agency's
Proposed Action will be reviewed by the BLM Director and the Secretary of
the Interior, who will file the FEIS and make a recommendation to the
President. Subsequently, the President has up to two years to make a
final recommendation to Congress. Congress has the sole authority to
designate an area as wilderness. Until Congress decides whether or not to
designate any of these areas as wilderness, the WSAs will be managed in
accordance with the Bureau’s Interim Management Policy and Guidelines for
Lands Under Wilderness Review (Department of Interior, December 1979, as
amended 1983).

RESULTS FROM THE PUBLIC REVIEW

Three formal public hearings were scheduled for review of the California
202 Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact Statement. The
hearings were officially noticed in the Federal Register on Thursday,
October 15, 1987, and scheduled for Cedarville, December 1; Ukiah,
December 2; and Bakersfield, December 9. Each District hosting the public
hearings also made efforts to inform local interest groups with mailings
and newspaper announcements.

A formal public hearing on the draft EIS was conducted December 2, 1987,
from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. at the Ukiah District Office in Ukiah, California.
Ten individuals (not including hearing and BLM personnel) attended the
hearing and four testified. A representative from the Susanville District
presided as Hearing Officer, and a court reporter recorded the proceedings
verbatim. The full hearing transcripts may be reviewed in the BLM Ukiah
Office.

Some general comments made at the public hearing included one statement
about the need to protect stream habitats, especially if logging is
allowed. Another expressed concern about endangered plant species. A
third comment addressed the benefit of protecting the areas as wilderness,
even if only as a buffer or border to existing wilderness areas.

Two comments were specific to the Domeland WSA. One felt that issues of
ecological and scientific significance should be examined more closely.
Another stated that the Domeland WSA provides protection from erosion into
the South Fork of the Kern River.

3-2

Consultation

The final comments expressed concern that old growth timber be protected
and preserved in the Big Butte WSA. There was further concern about
stream and water quality in the Big Butte WSA if logging is allowed.

Neither the December 1 hearing in Cedarville nor the December 9 hearing in
Bakersfield had any attendance by members of the public.

CONSULTATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Throughout the preparation of the draft EIS close coordination was main-
tained with the adjacent National Forests upon which these WSAs depend for
wilderness characteristics. These included the Los Padres National Forest,
the Mendocino National Forest, the Modoc National Forest, the Sequoia
National Forest, the Shas ta-Trinity National Forest, and the Toiyabe
National Forest. In November, 1986, meetings were held with representa-
tives of the individual National Forests, as well as the Regional Office.
The meetings resulted in identifying the Forest Service’s concerns regard-
ing each Section 202 WSA and the consequences of wilderness designation or
nondesignation of these public lands. There were no instances where the
Forest Service projected any potential negative impacts on the lands under
their jurisdiction as a result of the BLM’s recommendations for the Section
202 WSAs.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFS) was consulted to determine the
presence of threatened and endangered species within the individual WSAs.
During informal discussions in March, 1986, it became apparent that within
WSAs where endangered species are present, FWS believes that wilderness
designation or nondesignation would not, in itself, result in adverse
impacts. However, prior to implementing any management actions that may
affect threatened or endangered species, Section 7 consultation would be
required.

The California State Historic Preservation Officer was consulted in regards
to potential cultural resource values within the WSAs and potential eligi-
bility for designation on the National Register of Historic Places.

CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER PLANS

FLPMA requires that BLM plans be as consistent as possible with the plans
of other agencies, while Federal laws, policies, and regulations are also
considered. The plans of cities, counties, the state, and other Federal
agencies were considered in the preparation of this EIS.

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse 202 WSA is consistent with Tulare
County’s General Plan. During the public review period, the county was
given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Rockhouse WSA
as non- wilderness . No comments were received.

The Proposed Action for the Domeland 202 is consistent with Kern County's
General Plan. During the public review period, the county was given the
opportunity to comment on the designation of the Domeland WSA as

Consultation

3-3

non- wilderness . The comments received from Kern County Department of
Planning and Development Services concluded that the designation of the
Domeland WSA as non wilderness should not have a significant physical
impact on surrounding private land.

The Proposed Actions for the Garcia Mountain and Machesna WSAs are consis-
tent with San Luis Obispo County’s General Plan. During the public review
period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation
of the Garcia Mountain and Machesna WSA as non- wilderness . No comments
were received.

The Proposed Action for the Yolla Bolly 202 WSA is consistent with Tehama
County’s General Plan. During the public review period, the county was
given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Yolla Bolly WSA
as non wilderness. No comments were received.

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA is consistent with the Mendocino
County and Trinity County General Plans. During the public review period,
the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the
Big Butte WSA as non- wilderness . No comments were received.

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Copies of the DEIS are furnished to numerous public libraries throughout
the study area for public review and reference. Also, copies were widely
distributed to those expressing interest. In addition to individuals and
others receiving a copy of the draft EIS as a result of mailing lists or
separate requests, the following agencies and organizations had been
requested to review the document. Those who commented are indicated by an
asterisk (").

FEDERAL AGENCIES

Department of Agriculture

*U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco
Los Padres National Forest
Mendocino National Forest
Modoc National Forest
Sequoia National Forest
"Shasta-Trinity National Forest
Toiyabe National Forest
U.S. Soil Conservation Service
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Indian Affairs
"Bureau of Mines
Bureau of Reclamation
"National Park Service
"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Geological Survey
Department of Transportation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Aviation Administration
"U.S. Air Force

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

3-4

Consultation

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES

U.S. House of Representatives
Congressman Douglas Bosco
Congressman Charles Pashayan
Congressman Norm Shumway
Congressman William Thomas
U.S. Senate

Senator Alan Cranston
Senator Pete Wilson

STATE LEGISLATURE

California State Assembly
Assemblyman Eric Seastrand
Assemblyman Bill Jones
Assemblyman Trice Harvey
Assemblyman Philip Wyman
Assemblyman Stan Statham
Assemblyman Norman Walters
Assemblyman Dan Hauser
Assemblyman Wally Herger
California State Senate
Senator Rose Ann Vuich
Senator Donald Rogers
Senator Kenneth Maddy
Senator John T. Doolittle
Senator John Garamendi

STATE AGENCIES

Office of the Governor

California Office of Planning and Research (State Clearinghouse)
California State Historic Preservation Officer
* California Resources Agency

Department of Water Resources
Department of Forestry
Department of Fish and Game
Native American Heritage Commission
Department of Parks and Recreation
State Lands Commission
Division of Mines and Geology
Division of Oil and Gas
Water Resources Control Board

Energy Resources, Conservation and Development Commission

COUNTY GOVERNMENTS

County Supervisors

Alpine County Board of Supervisors
Kern County Board of Supervisors
Mendocino County Board of Supervisors
Modoc County Board of Supervisors

Consultation

3-5

San Luis Obispo County Board, of Supervisors
Tehama County Board of Supervisors
Trinity County Board of Supervisors
Tulare County Board of Supervisors
County Planning Departments

Alpine County Planning Department
"Kern County Department of Planning and Development Services
Mendocino County Department of Planning and Building Services
Modoc County Planning Department
San Luis Obispo County Environmental Coordinator
Tehama County Planning Department
Trinity County Planning Department
Tulare County Building and Planning Department

INTERESTED GROUPS/ORGANIZATIONS

Environmental
"Sierra Club
Cahto Coalition
National Wildlife Federation
Natural Resources Defense Council
"California Native Plant Society
"Eagle Lake Audubon Society
California Desert Coalition
Carson River Conservation Fund
Nevada Wildlife Federation
"California Wilderness Coalition
National Audubon Association
California Wildlife Federation
Wildhorse Sanctuary
Friends of Plumas Wilderness
The Wilderness Society

Northern California Wildlife Conservation
"Defenders of Wildlife
"Northern Californians for Wilderness
Kern River Wildlife Sanctuary
Livestock

Lassen County Cattlemen’s Association
California Cattlemen’s Association
Mining/Energy

Coastal Mining Company
Homes take Mining Company
Pacific Gas and Electric
Southern California Edison Company
Cooksley Geophysics
Nevada mining Association
Snyder Oil Company
"Chevron

California Mining Association
Petro- Lewis Corporation
Western Regional Gas Association
Recreational

"American Motorcycle Association
"California Association of 4WD Clubs, Inc.
California Sportfishing Protection Alliance

3-6

Consultation

Forestry

Simpson Timber Company
Western Timber Services
International Woodworkers of America
Western Timber Association
Louisiana Pacific Corporation
Other

Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce
California Farm Bureau

Kern Valley Resource Conservation District
Pacific Coast Fishermen’s Association
San Luis Obispo County Historical Museum

PUBLIC COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT EIS

A total of 106 interested citizens, federal, state, and local agencies,
and private organizations submitted comments on the California Section 202
Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact Statement postmarked on
or before February 15, 1988.

In preparation of the final EIS, all comments, including those from the
hearing transcripts, were reviewed and considered. Comments that presented
new data, questioned findings and analysis, or raised questions or issues
relating to the environmental impacts of the Proposed Action or alterna-
tives were responded to. General comments favoring a specific alternative
have been noted and considered, but required no specific response. In
addition, comments addressing items outside of the scope of this EIS were
not responded to.

Comment letters included in this final EIS for Garcia Mountain WSA, Rock-
house WSA, Domeland WSA, Machesna WSA, Yolla Bolly WSA, and Big Butte WSA
were extracted from the comments letters received in response to the
California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact
Statement. Of the 105 letters received, 94 addressed the six WSAs being
recommended as non-suitable for wilderness designation. Of the 94 letters
concerning these WSAs, 21 presented substantive comments and received
responses. These letters and their responses can be found in the back of
this document. There were also 70 letters which expressed either a general
comment favoring a specific alternative or were non-specific in focus.
These letters did not receive responses, but a number of them have been
reproduced in this document as examples.

Comment letters are numbered in the order they were received but are
arranged by agencies (Federal, State, and local), organizations, and
individuals. Specific comments and related responses are identified by
the number of the comment letter, and the number of the comment in that
letter.

Consultation

3-7

LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS

Letter

16

18

19

21

29

100

105

106

12

31

09

03

17

22

32

34

35
37
60
72

91

92
99
101

Federal Agencies and Appointments

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines

U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Shasta-Trinity

National Forest

U.S. Department of the Air Force, Regional Civil Engineer,
Western Region

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service -
Western Region

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service -
Great Basin Complex

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service-Pacific

Southwest Region

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service-Pacific

Southwest Region

State Agencies

California Regional Water Quality Control Board
The Resources Agency of California

Local Governments

Kern County

Organizations

American Motorcyclist Association
The California Native Plant Society
The California Native Plant Society
Sierra Club, Redwood Chapter
Upper Eel Earth First!

Sierra Club, Santa Lucia Chapter
Sierra Club, Santa Lucia Chapter
The California Native Plant Society
Tulare County Audubon Society
California Widerness Coalition
Northeast Californians for Wilderness
California Association of 4WD Clubs
Defenders of Wildlife

3-8

Consultation

Individuals and Corporations

01

02

04

08

11

13

14
26
30
33
36
54
63
82

93

94
96
102

Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe
Chevron U.S.A., Inc.

Sanford L. Werner

Everett and Arlene Chandler

Lee Wilson

Harry Metzger

E. Craig Cunningham

Janice A. Clucas

William E. Lemos

Robert A. Barnes

Katherine Petterson

George Bridges

Frederick A. Bacher, Jr.

Marjorie Sill

J. Erlich

Hollis Lenderking

J . A. Ferrara

Brian C. Spence

Consultation

3 9

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Arc* of Spaclal Biologioal Importance for minter deer herda by CDFO.

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The following are responses to comments raised during public review of the DEIS.
Each response is numbered and corresponds to the public comment letters. The
responses are numerically arranged by individual letter and specific response.

Letter 4 Sanford L. Warner

Response 4.1 - The discussion of soils and watershed resources in each WSA is
designed to respond to individual issues raised throughout the scoping process.
There were no specific soils and/or watershed issues raised throughout the
public scoping process. Additionally, the information described in the Affected
Environment narratives provides an overview of the resource characteristics of
each WSA. The specific information identified in the comment letter was not
considered necessary to respond to any specific issues or management concerns.
Therefore, additional information is not considered necessary to address the
environmental issues raised in the letter.

Letter 16 U.S. Bureau of Mines

Response 16.1 - The BIS acknowledges that the potential for locatable minerals
may be moderate. However, no mineral exploration or development activities are
anticipated within a 15 to 20-year planning projection. Restricted access is a
primary reason cited for this projection, and the access situation is not
expected to change in the foreseeable future. (Carson Iceberg, Carson City RA)

Letter 19 Department of the Air Force

Response 19.1 - There is no specific prohibition of overflights of wilderness
areas by aircraft. Except in bonafide emergencies, search and rescue efforts,
and essential military missions such as training flights, low altitude over
flights would be discouraged. Where low overflight is a problem, or expected
to become a problem, wilderness management plans will provide for liaison with
proper military authorities, the Federal Aviation Administration, and pilots in
the general area in an effort to reduce low flights, if at all possible.

Letter 31 The Resources Agency of California

Response 31.1 - Wilderness designation can restrict fire fighting methods,
primarily the use of mechanized equipment and presuppression activities that are
not specifically intended to enhance or maintain wilderness characteristics.
However, the intent of these wilderness management practices is not to minimize
fire fighting efforts necessary to protect life and property. Additionally,

these specific WSAs do not present any unusual or special risk that would

require out of the ordinary consideration of fire management. Therefore

specific consultation with individual fire fighting organizations was not
included as part of the EIS.

Response 31.2 - An assessment of the diversity and distribution of wilderness
resources is addressed in the Wilderness Study Reports prepared by the BLM

following publication of the Final EIS. While these characteristics are
important in the selection of a proposed action (i.e., wilderness/nonwilderness
designation) the EIS is intended to portray the environmental effects of the

individual alternatives as opposed to providing a rationale for the specific
decisions .

3-50

Response 31.3 - The Domeland WSA contains no unique or special features in
relation to the total geographical location of the area. Additionally, while
the BLM has no objection to wilderness designation for the Domeland WSA, the
Forest Service did not feel that wilderness management would be enhanced by
boundaries to incorporate the BLM lands. As stated in both the DEIS and FEIS,
"the Sequoia National Forest expressed concern about the potential for
increasing trespass vulnerability to the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area should
the WSA be designated wilderness.

Response 31.4 - Specific references to the U.S. Forest Service in the EIS focus
on the individual National Forests since the recommendations reflect the
interest and consistency with the individual Forest Plans. However, the Region
5 Office (California) of the U.S.F.S. was closely involved with and supportive
of the recommendations of the staff of each National Forest.

Letter 34 Earth First! Don Morris

Response 34.1 - The public hearings were officially noticed in the Federal
Register on Thursday, October 15, 1987. Additionally, each district hosting
the public hearings made efforts to inform local interest groups with mailings
and newspaper announcements. A press release dated November 17, 1987 was mailed
to all persons who had, in the past, expressed interest in the Big Butte WSA,
as well as environmental groups and organizations, and their representatives.

Response 34.2 - See Spotted Owl discussion, response 36.1. U.S. Fish and Wild-
life recently considered, but did not add, the Spotted Owl to the Endangered
Species list.

Response 34.3 - The impacts of timber harvest within the Big Butte WSA have been
addressed in the DEIS. These impacts are for the most part temporary in nature
and will be lessened as a result of the stipulations and mitigation measures
proposed in the SYU 13 Forest Management document.

Response 34.4 - The BLM’s assessment of the Section 202 WSAs is limited to the
public lands under the BLM's management authority. However, close coordination
with the U.S.F.S. concerning the adjacent National Forests was an integral part
of the scoping process and throughout the preparation of the DEIS to assure
consistency to the planning and management of these areas.

Letter 67 Sophie Shepard

Response 67.1 - Designation of the South Warner Contiguous WSA as wilderness
does not increase or decrease bighorn habitat. The quality habitat is currently
being used, marginal may or may not be used depending on population size,
forage, weather and other factors.

Letter 68 Tina Hodge

Response 68.1 - Wildlife, Endangered Species, and Cultural Resources were not
identified as issues for the South Warner Contiguous WSA because wilderness
designation or nondesignation would not significantly affect these resources.
Wildlife is currently managed under laws, regulations and plans which would
still remain in effect after wilderness designation. With endangered species

3-51

and cultural resources the same holds true, additionally, there are no resources
which have been identified which require consideration under the existing
procedures. Because a resource is not an issue that does not imply that it is
not important. It simply means that for the actions currently being evaluated
the nonissue resources will not be significantly affected.

Response 68.2 - The raptor species mentioned have been observed over and in the
WSA. However, there are no indications that any of these species nest or have
winter roost sites within the WSA.

Response 68.3 - The word ’’importance" was a bad choice in describing nongame
species. What we were attempting to do was identify nongame species which the
casual visitor might be expected to observe. The EIS does not attempt to
provide a comprehensive description of everything in the WSA. Rather, it is
intended to provide a generalized description with additional details on
subjects which relate to the issues.

Response 68.4 - The Land Tenure adjustment would affect the WSA from the Eagle
parcel north. There would be no economic impacts on either BLM or the Forest
Service after the adjustment. Land Tenure did not figure into the wilderness
recommendations .

Letter 71 William Hodge

Response 71.1 - After designation by Congress as wilderness, federal agencies
are required to manage wilderness areas in a manner which would retain the
wilderness values. Starting the management process with a wilderness boundary
which is easily manageable versus a boundary which invites manageability
problems is certainly a viable concern of the managing agency. The designation
of areas with long boundaries in areas without good natural or otherwise manage-
able boundaries is in our Judgement not a good recommendation without unique
values which would warrant the management problems.

Response 71.2 - The DEIS does not state the ORV activity is confined to the 2
miles of vehicle ways. The open terrain and low vegetation certainly allow for
cross country travel. This cross country travel is also a problem with wilder-
ness manageability.

Response 71.3 - See 68.3

Response 71.4 - A reference to cross country skiing has been added under the
affected environment.

Response 71.5 - The reason that the Barber, Van Riper, Emerson and Eagle parcels
were not recommended for wilderness designation relates to a lack of unique
values and anticipated problems with manageability.

Letter 88 Eagle Lake Audubon Society

Response 88.1 - See 67.1

3-52

Letter 91 California Wilderness Coalition

Response 91.1 - The BIS addresses issues relevant to the effects of wilderness
designation for each WSA. Other concerns raised by the BLM and the public were
reviewed for potential inclusion and detailed analysis in the EIS. There is a
brief description of "why” topics such as listed in the letter have been dis-
missed from analysis.

Response 91.2 - Studying U.S. Forest Service lands is outside the scope of the
EIS. The BLM is not responsible for establishing management direction for these
lands. However, close coordination between agencies was maintained throughout
the study to assure consistency in the planning and management of these areas.

Response 91.3 - BLM does not have the authority under Section 603 of FLPMA to
study these areas since they do not meet the minimum size criteria established
in the Wilderness Act. The BLM is acting in accordance with the Court agree-
ment to study these areas under Section 202, and as noted, the State Director
may release them after completion of necessary environmental documentation.

Response 91.4 - The document refers to multiple use in a generic sense to
represent a broader spectrum of uses other than those permitted under wilderness
designation. See definition of ’’multiple use” on page 6-3 in the Glossary.

Response 91.5 - BLM previously considered all lands and identified those which
qualified for wilderness study in the final intensive inventory decisions for
California in March (CDCA) and December (remaining lands in CA), 1979. The 414
acres not considered in the EIS are adjacent to Forest Service lands not
designated or recommended for wilderness designation in the Los Padres National
Forest Plan. Therefore, they no longer meet the wilderness qualifications
established under Section 202 of FLPMA and are not analyzed for wilderness
designation.

Response 91.6 - See Response 33.4

Response 91.7 - In the High Mountain Enduro there are various classes of riders.
Closing the route which crosses the Machesna WSA, would eliminate riding oppor-
tunities for novice class riders. Other routes would still be available outside
of the WSA, but only to more advanced riders.

Response 91.8 - Reference to the adjacent National Forest lands has been deleted
since it is outside the scope of the EIS.

Response 91.9 - When viewed in comparison to other parcels of land in the same
physiographic land province, the Yolla Bolly WSA does not have outstanding
opportunities for solitude or primitive and unconfined recreation experiences.
This WSA offers traditional kinds of primitive recreation experiences, however
these areas are not found to be superior to prominent when compared to similar
areas. While solitude is available it was determined to be less than outstand-
ing based on the diversity and quality of the opportunities within the WSA.
Analysis of characteristics of the adjacent U.S.F.S. wilderness is outside the
scope of the BLM’s wilderness review process.

3-53

Letter 92 Northeast Californians for Wilderness

Response 92.1 - The document refers to multiple use in a generic sense to
represent a broader spectrum of uses other than those permitted under wilderness
designation. See definition of "multiple use" on page 6-3 in the Glossary.

Response 92.2 - This wilderness DEIS meets the requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) including public involvement, format, and
content. Additionally, the BLM and the Department of the Interior’s Office of
Environmental Project Review provide guidance and review to assure the adequacy
of the wilderness EISs. The environmental consequences of the various alterna-
tives presented for each VISA focus on issues identified through a public scoping
process to assure all environmental concerns were considered for inclusion in
the analysis set forth in the document.

Information in the EIS is based on the best available information and profes-
sional judgement. The management actions present in the EIS are projections of
the types of activities that might occur and do not represent site- specif ic
proposals .

Response 92.3 - There was no intent to "demean" the WSA through the use of the
word "barren". The topography and vegetation of the WSA, particularly the
northern parcels, certainly warrants an adjective which indicates that condi-
tions are nonlush and sparse, commonly referred to as "barren".

Response 92.4 - The purpose of the EIS is to assess the environmental conse-
quence of the individual proposed actions and alternatives. An EIS is not
intended to present a detailed discussion of the rationales or justifications
of each proposal. A Wilderness Study Report (WSR) and/or Record of Decision
(ROD) will be prepared following the PEIS that will present the BLM’s rationale
for the individual proposals for each WSA.

Response 92.5 - See Response 67.1

Response 92.6 - The contradiction has been corrected. The proposed action
recommends for designation all of the parcels considered quality bighorn sheep
habitat to be maintained for future use. The past ocassional use made by big-
horns on the Eagle and Emerson parcels does not warrant wilderness designation.

Response 92.7 - The domestic sheep grazing within the WSA occurs on the Van
Riper and Barber parcels. These parcels are not part of the past or future
bighorn habitat. The domestic sheep use has occurred for many years and is
grandfathered under the Wilderness Act. Designation of the parcels as wilder-
ness would have no affect on the sheep grazing that presently occurs on the two
parcels .

3-53 A

'

.

In 1988 a complete die-off of the bighorn sheep herd occurred. The WSA included
portions of the herd’s range. Although the die-off is suspected to be related
to contagious disease transmitted by domestic livestock. Livestock grazing on
the BLM parcels that comprise this WSA is not related to the die-off of the
bighorn herd.

Letter 96 J.A. Ferrara

Response 96.1 - This wilderness DEIS meets the requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) including public involvement, format, and
content. Additionally, the BLM and the Department of the Interior’s Office of
Environmental Project Review provide guidance and review to assure the adequacy
of the wilderness EISs. The environmental consequences of the various alterna-
tives presented for each WSA focus on issues identified through a public scop-
ing process to assure all environmental concerns were considered for inclusion
in the analysis set forth in the document.

Response 96.2 - Timber in the Big Butte area has been primarily on private
lands, with mitigation requirements monitored by the State of California. Any
timber harvest on land administered by BLM is carefully controlled by mitiga-
tion requirements in SYU 13. Road building standards preclude significant
environmental degradation. Grazing within the WSA total 50-100 AUMs , depending
on climatological conditions and resultant forage production. While many of

these lands were regularly burned in the early part of this century, there has
been no recent burning.

Letter 105 Environmental Protection Agency

Response 105.1 - Wilderness designation does not necessarily provide better
protection for air quality and/or water quality. Although precluding certain
uses may in some instances have a beneficial effect on these as well as other
resources, other management practices can be equally effective. Additionally,
in situations where the quality of these resources has been degraded as a result
of natural or human initiated actions, rehabilitation efforts may be limited or
precluded under wilderness designation.

Response 105.2 - For each alternative concerning each WSA, management actions
were anticipated based on reasonable planning projections. As described in the
DEIS, there are no projected activities or significant changes in the current
level of use that would result in potential degradation of water quality and/or
riparian habitat.

Response 105.3 - BLM is participating in the State Water Resources Control
Board’s process to inventory nonpoint pollution sources and in developing the
Statewide strategy to address nonpoint problems. BLM will implement measures
to address nonpoint source problems through management plans and activity plans
that identify water quality issues. Control measures will be established
through mitigations, stipulations or by including standard operating procedures
in proposed actions. Best management practices for water quality are thereby
incorporated into BLM activities and reviewed by the Regional Water Quality
Control Boards.

3-54

Letter 106

Response 106.1
Response 106.2
Response 106.3

The document incorporates
The document incorporates
The Los Padres Forest has

this change
this change
verified this

statement .

3-55

LIST OF PREPARERS

LIST OF PREPARERS

BAKERSFIELD DISTRICT: GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA, ROCKHOUSE WSA, DOMELAND WSA,

and MACHESNA WSA

Mark Struble, Bakersfield District Team Leader

Position:

Education:

Experience:

Outdoor Recreation Planner
B.S. Park Administration
Outdoor Recreation Planner - 6 years, BLM
Park Ranger - 3 years, National Park Service

Maureen Horne
Position:
Education:

Experience :

Geologist
B.A. Geology

B.S. Geological Oceanography
Geologist - 5 years, BLM

Daniel Vaughn
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Soil and Watershed Specialist

B.S. Soils and Plant Nutrition

Soil and Watershed Specialist - 8 years, BLM

- 5 years, Soil Conserva
tion Service

Ken Volpe
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Supervisory Natural Resource Specialist
B.S. Range Management

Natural Resource Management - 12 years, BLM

Duane Christian

Position: Archaeologist

Education:

Experience:

B.S. Anthropology
Archaeologist - 5 years, BLM

Robert D. Watts
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Range Conservationist
B.S. Range Management
Range Conservationist - 13 years, BLM

George Sheppard
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Biologist

B.S. Zoology/Wildlife Management
Biologist, 9 years, BLM

Amy Kuritsubo
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Wildlife Biologist

B.S. Wildlife Management

Wildlife Biologist - 6 years, BLM

LP-1

Preparer

UKIAH DISTRICT: YOLLA-BOLLY WSA and BIG BUTTE WSA

Earle Curran, Ukiah District Team Leader

Position:

Education:

Experience:

Outdoor Recreation Planner

B.S. Park Management, California State Univ. , Sacramento
Recreation - 7 years, BLM

Park Manager - 15 years, National Park Service

Francis Berg
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Archaeologist
B.A. Anthropology
Archaeologist - 9 years, BLM

Charles W. Whitcomb

Position: Geologist

Education: B.S. Geology, University of Missouri

M.S. Geology, University of Nebraska

Experience:

Geologist - 3 years, BLM

Geologist - 16 years, private industry

Dan Averill
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Supervisory Forester

B.S. Forestry, University of California at Berkeley
Forester - 16 years, BLM

Ron Rogers
Position:
Education:
Experience:

Geologist

B.A. Geology, Florida State University
Geologist - 8 years, BLM

STATE OFFICE REVIEWERS

Richard Johnson
Deputy State

Director, Lands and Renewable Resources

Carl Rountree
Staff Chief,

Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Jonathon Foster, EIS Team Leader

Environmental Coordinator, Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Ronald Salz, Program Assistant

Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Sheri Olendorff, Management Assistant

Preparers

LP-2

GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

ACRONYMS

ACEC - Area of Critical Environmental Concern

ASBI - Area of Special Biological Importance

BLM - Bureau of Land Management

CDF&G - California Department of Fish and Game

CRMP - Cultural Resource Management Plan

EIS - Environmental Impact Statement

FLPMA - Federal Land Policy and Management Act

MFP - Management Framework Plan

NCLWMA National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area

NWPS - National Wilderness Preservation System

ORV - Off- Road Vehicle

RMP - Resource Management Plan

SYU - Sustained Yield Unit

USFS - United States Forest Service

WMP - Wilderness Management Policy

WSA - Wilderness Study Area

ANIMAL UNIT MONTH (AUM): The amount of forage required to sustain the

equivalent of one cow or five sheep for one month.

AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (ACEC): Areas within the public

lands where special management attention is required (when such areas are
developed or used or where no development is required) to protect and
prevent irreparable damage to important historic, cultural, or scenic
values, fish and wildlife resources, or other natural systems or processes,
or to protect life and safety from natural hazards.

CHERRYSTEM: A boundary configuration in which the boundary of a wilderness

study area or proposed wilderness is drawn around a dead-end road or other
linear feature so as to exclude that road or feature from the wilderness
study area or proposed wilderness.

CHERRYSTEM ROAD: A dead end road excluded from wilderness study by means of a

cherrystem.

G-l

Glossary

COMMERCIAL FORESTLAND: All forestland that is capable of yielding at least 20

cubic feet of wood per acre per year of commercial coniferous tree species.

CONTIGUOUS : Lands or legal subdivisions having a common boundary; lands having

only a common corner are not contiguous.

DISCOVERY : A term used in connection with mining claims. As stated in legal

ruling which has been upheld in many later decisions, it is "where minerals
have been found and the evidence is of such a character that a person of
ordinary prudence would be justified in the further expenditure of his
labor and means, with a reasonable prospect of success, in developing a
valuable mine. ..."

ECOSYSTEM: A complex self-sustaining natural system which includes living and

nonliving components of the environment and the interactions that bind
then together. Its functioning involves the circulation of matter and
energy between organisms and their environment.

ENDANGERED SPECIES: Any species in danger of extinction throughout all or a

significant portion of its range, as identified in accordance with the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.

FLPMA: The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-579,

90 Stat. 2743,43 USC 1701).

FORAGE : All browse and herbaceous foods that are available to grazing animals.

It may be grazed or harvested for feeding.

HABITAT: All elements of an organism's environment needed to complete its life

cycle through reproduction, including but not limited to food, cover,

water, and living space in the amounts, qualities, and locations which the
organism requires to complete its life cycle.

IMPACT : The effect, influence, alteration, or imprint of an activity.

IMPAIR: To diminish in value or excellence.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING OPERATIONS: Those operations under permit where the

primary purpose is the grazing of livestock for the production of food and
fiber. Includes pack and saddle stock used in conjunction with such
operations .

MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PLAN (MFP) : The Bureau’s basic planning decision document

prior to the adoption of a new planning process in 1979, in which the

decision document is a Resource Management Plan (RMP).

MFP AMENDMENT: An amendment to a Management Framework Plan is initiated by the

need to consider monitoring and evaluation findings, new data, new or

revised policy, a change in circumstances, or an applicant's proposed
action which may result in a significant change in a portion of the

approved plan.

Glossary

G 2

MINBRAL BNTRY: The right to enter the public lands (under the adminis-

tration of the BLM) to search for minerals and to claim or lease such
minerals under the mining and mineral leasing laws and regulations.

MOTOR TZBD BQUIPMENT: Any machine activated by nonliving power source except

small battery-powered handcarried devices such as flashlights, shavers,
Geiger counters, and cameras. Also Mechanized Equipment.

MOTOR VBHICLB: Any vehicle which is self-propelled or any vehicle which is

propelled by electric power obtained from batteries.

MULTIPLB RBSOURCB VALUES AND USES: The present and potential uses of the

various resources administered through multiple use management on the
public lands and any public values associated with such uses.

MULTIPLE USB: ” . . . the management of the public lands and their various

resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will
best meet the present and future needs of the American people; making the
most judicious use of the land for some or all of these resources or
related services over areas large enough to provide sufficient latitude
for periodic adjustments in use to conform to changing needs and condi-
tions; the use of some lands for less than all of the resources; a combina-
tion of balanced and diverse resource uses that take into account the
long-term needs of future generations for renewable and nonrenewable
resources, including, but not limited to, recreation, range, timber,
minerals, watershed, wildlife and fish, and natural scenic, scientific and
historical values; and harmonious and coordinated management of the various
resources without permanent impairment of the productivity of the land and
the quality of the environment with consideration being given to the
relative values of the resources and not necessarily to the combination of
uses that will give the greatest economic return or the greatest unit
output.” (From section 103, FLPMA.)

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE LAND AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS (NCLWMAs) : Established

by Public Land Orders in the early 1960s, these lands were withdrawn from
disposal under the nonmineral public land laws, in order to protect sig-
nificant or unique wildlife values. These areas are managed under coopera
tive agreements between BLM and the California Department of Fish and Game.

NATURALNESS : Refers to an area which ’’generally appears to have been affected
primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man’s work substan-
tially unnoticeable . ” (From section 2(c), Wilderness Act.)

NONSUITABLE FOR PRESERVATION AS WILDERNESS: Refers to a recommendation that

certain Federal lands satisfy the definition of wilderness in the Wilder-
ness Act but have been found not to be appropriate for designation as
wilderness on the basis of an analysis of the existing and potential uses
of the land.

OFF-ROAD VBHICLB (ORV): Any motorized vehicle designed for or capable of

cross-country travel on or immediately over land, water, sand, snow, ice,
marsh, swampland, or other terrain.

G~3

Glossary

OUTSTANDING: I. Standing out among others of its kind; conspicuous;

prominent. 2. Superior to others of its kind; distinguished; excellent.

PATENTED MINING CLAIM: A claim on which title has passed from the Federal

Government to the mining claimant under the mining laws.

PLANNING AREA: The area for which resource management plans are prepared

and maintained. In most instances, it is the same as the resource area,
which is a geographic portion of a BLM district, under supervision of an
area manager.

PLANNING CRITERIA: The factors used to guide development of the resource

management plan, or revision, to ensure that it is tailored to the issues
previously identified and to ensure that unnecessary data collection and
analyses are avoided. Planning criteria are developed to guide the collec-
tion and use of inventory data and information, the analysis of the manage-
ment situation, the design and formulation of alternatives, the estimation
of the effects of alternatives, the evaluation of alternatives, and the
selection of the preferred alternative.

PRS-FLPMA: Before October 21, 1976, the date of approval of the Federal

Land Policy and Management Act.

PRELIMINARY WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATION: Refers to a wilderness recommendation

at any stage prior to the time when the Secretary of the Interior reports
his recommendation to the President. Until the Secretary acts, the recom-
mendation is "preliminary" because it is subject to change during adminis-
trative review.

PRIMITIVE AND UNCONFINED RECREATION: Nonmotorized and nondeveloped types of

outdoor recreational activities.

PUBLIC LANDS: For the purpose of the wilderness review program, any lands

and interest in lands owned by the United States within the several States
and administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of
Land Management, without regard to how the United States acquired owner-
ship, except:

1. Lands where the United States owns the minerals but the surface is
not Federally owned.

2. Lands being held for the benefit of Indians, Aleuts, and Eskimos.

3- Lands tentatively approved for State selection in Alaska.

4- Lands on the Outer Continental Shelf.

5. Oregon and California grant (0 & C) lands that are managed for com
mercial timber production.

RANGELAND IMPROVEMENTS: Any structural or nons tructural improvements which

directly affect or support the use of the forage resource by domestic
livestock, such as fences, line cabins, water lines, and stock tanks.

Glossary

G 4

RBSOURCK MANAGEMENT PLAN (RMP): The basic decision document of BLM’s

resource management planning process, used to establish allocation and
coordination among uses for the various resources within a Resource Area.
An RMP is a ’’land-use plan” prescribed by Section 202 of the Federal Land
Policy and Management Act. RMP regulations appear at 43 CFR 1601. (Refer
to definition of Management Framework Plan.)

RIPARIAN : Situated on or pertaining to the bank of a river, stream, or other

body of water. Normally used to refer to plants of all types that grow
along streams or around springs.

ROAD : A vehicle route which has been improved and maintained by mechanical

means to ensure relatively regular and continuous use.

SOLITUDE : 1. The state of being alone or remote from habitations; isolation.

2. A lonely, unfrequented, or secluded place.

SUBSTANTIALLY UNNOTICEABLE : Refers to something that either is so insignifi-

cant as to be only a very minor feature of the overall area or is not
distinctly recognizable by the average visitor as being manmade or man-
caused because of age, weathering, or biological change. An example of
the first would be a few minor dams or abandoned mine buildings that are
widely scattered over a large area, so that they are an inconspicuous part
of the scene. Serious intrusions of this kind, or many of them, may
preclude inclusion of the land in a wilderness study area. An example of
the second would be an old juniper control project that has grown up to a
natural appearance, the old fallen trees largely decomposed.

SUITABILITY : As used in the Wilderness Act and in the Federal Land Policy
and Management Act, refers to a recommendation by the Secretary of the
Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture that certain Federal lands satisfy
the definition of wilderness in the Wilderness Act and have been found
appropriate for designation as wilderness on the basis of an analysis of
the existing and potential uses of the land.

SUPPLEMENTAL VALUBS: Values that may be present in an area under consideration

for wilderness, such as ecological, geological, or other features of
scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value. They are not
required for wilderness designation, but their presence will enhance an
area’s wilderness quality.

VALID MINING CLAIM: A mining claim on which a discovery has been made (See

’’Discovery. ” )

WATERSHED: The area drained by a principal river or stream system.

WAY/PRIMITIVE VEHICLE ROUTES: A vehicle route which has not been improved and

maintained by mechanical means to ensure relatively regular and continuous
use .

G-5

Glossary

WILDERNESS : The following definition as contained in section 2(c) of the

Wilderness Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 891): A wilderness in contrast with

those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby
recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are
untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.
An area of wilderness is further defined to mean in this Act an area of
undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence,

without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and
managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and which (1) generally
appears to have been affected primarily by the unnoticeable ; (2) has

outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type
of recreation; (3) has at least five thousand acres of land or is of

sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an
unimpaired condition; and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or
other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

WILDERNESS AREA: An area formally designated by Act of Congress as part of

the National Wilderness Preservation System.

WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS: See ’'Wilderness.”

WILDERNESS INVENTORY: An evaluation of the public lands in the form of a

written description and map showing those lands that meet the wilderness

criteria as established under section 603(a) of FLPMA and section 2(c) of
the Wilderness Act, which will be referred to as Wilderness Study Areas
( WSA) .

WILDERNESS MANAGEABILITY: The capability of an area to be effectively managed

to preserve its wilderness character.

WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT: The management of human use and influence on lands

which have been designated by Act of Congress as wilderness areas.

WILDERNBSS PROGRAM: Term used to describe all wilderness activities of the

Bureau of Land Management including identification, management, and admin
istrative functions.

WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS: A recommendation by the Bureau of Land Management,

the Secretary of the Interior, or the President, with respect to an area's
suitability or nonsuitability for preservation as wilderness.

WILDERNESS REPORTING: The process of preparing the reports containing wilder-

ness recommendations on wilderness study areas and transmitting those
reports to the Secretary of the Interior, the President, and Congress.

WILDERNBSS REVIEW: The term used to cover the entire wilderness inventory,

study, and reporting phases of the wilderness program of the Bureau of
Land Management .

G 6

Glossary

WILDERNESS STUDY: The process which specifies how each wilderness study

area must be studied through the BLM resource management planning system,
analyzing all resources, values and uses within the WSA to determine
whether the area will be recommended as suitable or nonsuitable for wilder-
ness designation.

WILDERNBSS STUDY AREA (WSA): A roadless area or island that has been inven-

toried and found to have wilderness characteristics as described in section
603 of FLPMA and section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 891).

WILDERNBSS VALUES: See '’Wilderness . "

WILDLIFE IMPROVEMENTS : Any structural or nons tructural improvements which

directly affect or support the use of water, food, or shelter by wildlife,
such as guzzlers, water lines, or fences.

WITHDRAWAL: Removal, or withholding, of public lands by statute, or

Secretarial order, from operation of some or all of the public land laws
("surface,” mining and/or mineral leasing laws).

G-7

Glossary

.

INDEX

INDEX

Allotment Management Plan (AMP)

2F--10, 2F-9 , 2F-10, 2F-16, 2H-9
Allotments

2C-4 , 2C-6 , 2C-14, 2E-11, 2E-19
Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC)

G-l

Area of Special Biological Importance (ASBI)

2F-13, 2F-14
Bald Eagles

2F-3 , 2F-15

California Department of Fish and Game

2A-5 , 2D- 5 , 2D-15 , 2F-3, 2F-5, 2F-6, 2F-10, 2F-13, 2F-19,3-3
California Department of Forestry
2A-6 , 2D-6 , 3-3

California Wilderness Act of 1984

2A-5 , 2D- 5 , 2D-15, 2F-3, 2F-5, 2F-19
Commercial Forest Land (CFL)

2F-9, 2F-15
Cultural Resources

1-6, 2A 1, 2A-12, 2A - 13 , 2B-1, 2B-12, 2C-1, 2C-12, 2D-1, 2D-13, 2E-1,
2E-7, 2E- 8 , 2E-11, 2F-1, 2F-4, 2F-14
Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA)

1-1, 1-3, 1-4, 2A-5
Hi Mountain Enduro

2D-1 -4, 2D- 6 , 2D- 9 , 2D-11, 2D-16 -18
Issues

1-3 -6, 2A-1, 2A-3 , 2A-15, 2A 16, 2B-1, 2B-3, 2B-14, 2B 15, 2C-1,

2C-3 , 2C-15 , 2D-1 , 2D-3, 2D- 15, 2E-1, 2E--3, 2E-13, 2F-1, 2F-3, 2F-4,
2F-16

Los Padres National Forest

2A-3 , 2A- 4 , 2A-12, 2A-16, 2D-3, 2D-5, 2D-12
Management Framework Plan (MFP)

1-4, 1-5, 2B- 4 , 2B- 5 , 2B-15, 2C-4, 2C-15, 2D-5, 2E-4, 2E-7, 2E-11,
2E-13 , 2E-14, 2F-6 , 2F-19
Mendocino National Forest
2F-3

Mineral Leases

2A-3 , 2A- 9 , 2B-3 , 2D- 4, 2D-9, 2E-8
Mining Claims

2A- 3 , 2A-6 , 2A 9, 2A 14, 2B 3, 2B-6, 2B-9, 2B-14, 2B-15, 2C-14, 2D- 4,
2D-6 , 2D-9 , 2D-14 , 2E-8, 2F-10, 2F-16, 2F-20
Monache Walker Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area
2B- 3 , 2B-6, 2B-13
Nature Conservancy
2C-6

Off- road Vehicle (ORV)

1-6, 2A 3, 2B 4, 2B 5, 2B-12, 2C-4, 2C-5, 2C-9, 2C-12, 2C-16, 2C-17,
2D- 4 , 2D-9 , 2D- 18 , 2E-4, 2E-7, 2E-11, 2E-14, 2F-10
Peregrine Falcons
2F- 3 , 2F-15

1-1

Index

Resource Management Plan (RMP)

1-4, 1-5, 2A- 4 , 2A-5 , 2A-16, 2C-6, 2D-4, 2D-5, 2D-15, 2F-6, 2F-9, 2F-19
Scoping Process

1-5, 1-6, 2A-3 , 2A-15, 2B-3, 2B-14, 2C-3, 2C-15, 2D-3, 2D-15, 2E-3,
2E-13, 2F-3 , 2F-16
Sensitive Plant Species
2A-4, 2D-4

Sequoia National Forest

2B-4 , 2B-11, 2C-5, 2C-11, 2D-5
Shasta-Trinity National Forest
2E-3 , 2E-10

Threatened and Endangered Species

v, 1-6, 2E-4 , 2E-17 , 2E-18, 2F-15, 2H-14, 2H-15, 3-1
Timber Management Plan
2F-4

Water Quality

1-6, 2E-5 , 2F-4 , 2H-4, 2H--9, 2H-10, 2H-18, 2H-20
Wilderness Review Process
1-3

Wilderness Study Report

DATE DUE

GAYLORD

PRNTED IN LL&.A.

BLM LIBRARY
SC-324A, BLOG. 50
DENVER FEDERAL CENTER

P. 0. BOX 25047
DENVER. CO 80225-0047

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