Did you know??? acute bovine pulmonary emphysema

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PORTLAND SERVICE CENTER
Resource Standards & Technology
Portland, Oregon

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February 17, 1967

DID YOU KNOW ???

Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema (ABPE) is an acute, sometimes
chronic, non-contagious lung disease (destruction of lung tissue)
common to cattle throughout the western range area. The disease
usually occurs during the summer and fall grazing season but it can
develop anytime during the year. The most common situation has been
when cattle were moved from dry native ranges onto irrigated pastures,
usually during August, September, and October. During years when
there is above-normal fall green-up of native ranges, and the move¬
ment of cattle from a heavily-used pasture to an ungrazed pasture is
involved, some occurrence of ABPE may be expected.

Losses are a result of a change in diet and not as a result of any

particular grazing system. Occurrence of this disease on BLM-
administered lands has been rare. Livestock disorders are generally
the concern of the rancher; however, BLM range managers should be
aware of the disease since it is caused by a change in forage conditions.
Under intensive range management, ABPE may occur when the animals are
moved from dry forage to green succulent forage.

Characteristics of the disease

(1) Occurs generally in late summer or early fall.

(2) Common only to cattle.

(3) Results from change in pasture and forage conditions.

(4) Characteristically it occurs between the second and seventh
day after a change in forage.

(5) It is apparently non-inf ectious .

Some of the more readily recognizable symptoms

(1) Heavy, shallow breathing.

(2) Increased rate of respiration.

(3) Rumen full initially.

(4) Loss of appetite.

(5) Head extended - open-mouth breathing.

(6) Increase salivation.

(7) Occasional bleeding of the nose.

(8) Persistent coughing.

(9) Characteristic loud grunt.

(10) At later stages there is a bluish color of skin due to lack
of oxygen in the blood.

(11) Gaunt appearance at later stages.

(12) Quick death from exertion. (Cattle which have shown symptoms
of the disease should not be moved because any exercise
exaggerates the disease and usually results in death to the
animal . )

There are generally two ways by which ABPE occurrence can be reduced:

(1) Leave stock on the same grazed pasture until such time as the

feed has started to cure or until after the first frost in the fall, and

(2) Allow cattle to gradually move onto new feed over a period of several
days by using the new feed one hour the first day, two hours the next,
etc. This requires additional movement of stock by the operator.

Additional information can be obtained in the attached list of references
and from Dr. Leroy R. Maki or Dr. James 0. Tucker at the Division of
Veterinary Science, University of Wyoming, University Station, P. 0.

Box 3354, Laramie, Wyoming, 82070.

Technical information for this note was abstracted from the Proceedings
of the 1963 and 1965 Symposia on Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema,
Laramie, Wyoming. Sponsored by: Division of Veterinary Science,
University of Wyoming.

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ACUTE BOV IKE PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA

References

Alexander, A. F. and R. Jensen. 1963* Normal structure of bovine
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Allen, G. ¥. 1962. Acute atypical bovine pneumonia caused by Ascaris

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Bailey, J. ¥. 1962. Pulmonary emphysema. Canad. Soc. Animal Prod.

Proc. 117-118.

Begg, H. ¥. and ¥. A. ¥hiteford. 1948* Acute interstitial pulmonary
emphysema of bovines. Vet. Rec. 60:135.

Blood, D. C. 1962. Atypical interstitial pneumonia of cattle,

Canadian Vet. J. 2 : 40-47.

Butler, ¥. J. 1940. Pulmonary emphysema or asthma in cattle. Lederle
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Gibbons, ¥. J. 1956. Pulmonary Emphysema. North Am. Vet. 37 : 98.100.

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22:365.

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Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema

Haynes, N. B. 1963. "Silo filler's disease" in dairy cattle. J. Am.

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0'Donoghue, J. G. i960. Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema. Canadian Vet. J.

1 : 182—181 .

Pierson, R. E., L. N. Davidson, R. A. Baldwin, R. E. Fueschel, 0. A.

Beath, and J. F. Ryff. 1951. Pulmonary emphysema of cattle. Pub.
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Pierson, R. E. 1956. Cow asthma or pulmonary emphysema increasing
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Powell, ¥. D. 1962. Novel method for treatment of pulmonary emphysema.
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of Veterinary Science, University of ¥yoming

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Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema

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