o-
ISCOURS
sro]i]ESfEir(s fieayeie,
AND THE rBEQUENTINO
DAILY PUBLIC PRAYERS.
SYMON PATRICK, D.D.
Sometime Lord Bishop of Ely.
KDITED BY
FRANCIS E. PAGET, M. A.
Rector of Elford, and Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford.
N E W . Y O R K :
D. APPLETON & Co., 200, EROADWAT.
M DCCC SLI.
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^ -^ Washington i. Eli HTS Lib
o-
_o
r H t. N E vV 'i O R K
PUBLIC LIBRAR^i
ASTOR, LFNOX AND
7 1LDEN FCONOaTIONS.
1899.
I. I,UDWIO, PRINTER,
72 Vesey-st., N. Y.
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EDITOR'S PREFACE
npHE Volume in the Reader's hands, al-
though complete in itself, may be looked
upon as an appropriate companion to a Treatise
on Repentance and Fasting, which has been
recently put forth by the same Publisher.
Both works are from the pen of Bishop
Patrick ; both were written in support of prin-
ciples and practices which, of first-rate import-
ance in themselves, were, nevertheless, gradu-
ally falling out of sight in his day ; both are
characterized by the same dutiful love of the
Church, and the same desire to inculcate a
o o
strict obedience to her ordinances ; both are
designed to lead men to the " old paths" of
Catholic truth, the " good way" of Scripture,
and Scriptural antiquity ; and both (if we may
judge by the number of former editions) were
instruments of recalling God's servants in a
former age to the discharge of duties, towards
which the popular religion of the time seems to
have been indifferent.
As regards the former of these treatises, no
Churchman, perhaps, will be found to think its
republication unnecessary, since if ever there
was an age which had need to be reminded of
our Lord's exhortations to [mortification, self-
denial, and the taking up our cross " daily, ^^ that
age must be our own, seeing that in all classes
of society, luxury, and self-indulgence, are made
the very first objects of existence.
But with respect to the latter treatise, — that,
namely, before the Reader, some persons may
i
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editor's preface. v.
be disposed to ask what is the need of adding
another to the multitude of books already pub-
lished on the subject of Prayer.
To such an inquiry the following answer may
be given.
The popular views on the subject of Prayer
can hardly be sound, when a very large propor-
tion of our manuals of private devotion, are
painful contrasts, both in tone and feeling, in
manner and matter, to our Book of Common
Prayer ; and when the privilege of public
Prayers in our Churches " daily throughout the
year," is so little valued among us, that except
in our Cathedrals, our Colleges, and in some
Churches in our larger towns, the daily service
has been wholly discontinued.
Sin, whether national or individual, is sure,
even in this world, to prove its own punishment.
Our forefathers in their zeal for reformation,
made such havoc of the houses of God in the
O O
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vi. editor's preface.
land, that hundreds of them were reduced to
" ruinous heaps."* But mark the effect of
sacrilege ! We are now bewailing the utter in-
sufficiency of our Churches for a population
amid which " confusion, and every evil work"
are rife ; — nay, we are trembling to think of the
inevitable results — moral, social, and political,
which must accrue from the undergrowth of
heathenism which is springing up unchecked
in the very midst of us.
So again, at the period alluded to, all our
monasteries were destroyed, and their revenues
for the most part wasted. What has been the
consequence ? We sowed the wind, and we are
reaping the whirlwind. Under the appalling
conviction of the inadequate number of our pa-
* " On the whole, King Henry VIII. at different times, suppressed
645 Abbeys and Monasteries. Nin-'ty Colleges were demolished in
several counties Two thousand three hundred and seventy-four
Cha .tries at.d Free Chapels ; and 110 Hosi)ital9. The whole revenue
of these establishments amounted to £161,100— Hume, vol. iv. 182.
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editor's preface. vii.
rochial clergy to the demands upon them, we
have at length began to discover the evil of
which our fathers were guilty, and to feel to
what efficient purposes in stemming the tide of
irreligion such collegiate bodies as those which
were then subverted might be now applied,
were a body of pious men, (not shackled by
monastic vows, but resolving by God's grace to
devote themselves to His service,) to unite to-
gether, under the direction of their ecclesiastical
superiors, for the purpose of carrying the know-
ledge of Christ and his Church to those dark
haunts of misery and guilt, the crowded courts
and alleys of our manufacturing towns, — and
indeed in one word, — to the entire mass of our
teeming population.
And lastly, to give one more instance of the
manner in which " the evil which hath been
brought upon us" has been " the fruit
Jer. vi. 19.
of our own thoughts," I would call
6 6
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viii. editor's preface.
the reader's attention to the fact, that as the
daily service enjoined by the Church has been
discontinued, men have grown indifferent to the
blessings of social worship, — have thought more
of themselves as individuals, — and less of the
blessings and privileges of Church membership ;
the houses of God have been more and more
neglected ; constantly recurring opportunities of
prayer and praise are not rarely spoken of as a
burden and a bondage ; and they are few in
number who can really enter into the feelings
of holy David as he exclaims, " 0 how amiable
are thy dwellings. Thou Lord of
Pa. Ixxxiv. 1, 2, 4.
hosts ! My soul hath a desire and
longing to enter into the courts of the Lord.
Blessed are they that dwell in Thine house !"
What can be done to meet the awful exigen-
cies of our Church under all these melancholy
and distressing circumstances, it is for her spi-
ritual rulers to decide. Without episcopal
6 ■ — O
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editor's preface. ix.
sanction, we can do nothing as it ought to be
done — even in the pious work of restoration,
and in reverting to usages which though en-
joined by Church authority, have unhappily
become obsolete : neither can we hope to secure
God's blessing on our exertions however zealous
— except in obedience to our chief Pastors.
But under the guidance and direction of our
Bishops, it is evident that our Church-system
may, with God's blessing, be yet rendered
equal to the emergencies of the times.
One great error of a former age was, that
the neglect of ordinances was spoken of as
though it were sin of the people only ; but sure-
ly we of the clergy ought not to have closed
our Churches because there were no congre-
gation.— " If our people," said Bishop Fell long
ago, " be negligent, we are the more obliged to
industry ; if they are indevout, we ought to be
more zealous ; if they are licentious, we ought
O Q
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X. editor's preface.
to be more exemplary, nor let any man say, the
people will not be prevailed upon. How know
we what will be hereafter ? They who resist-
ed one attempt, may yield unto another ; or if
they yield not to a single instance, they may to
many, and more pressing."
Certainly all recent experience goes to prove
that wherever sound Church-principles are set
before the people, and opportunities are offered,
they are not slow to avail themselves of them.
Now such sound principles with respect to
Prayer, public and private, — are exhibited plain-
ly, forcibly and convincingly, in Bishop Patrick's
Treatise, and for this cause it is now reprinted.
May the Reader have grace given him to
profit by it, and to feel that it is his bounden
duty to inculcate the same principles in all who
are within the sphere of his influence.
Elford Bectory,
Whitsuntide, 1840.
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N T R 0 D U G T I 0 N
The Design of this Bcok.
TJ^^Y^^ is so considerable a part of a
Godly life, and so great a means both to
work, and to preserve, and increase all man-
ner of godliness and virtue in us, that the an-
cient Christians doubted not to call " the very
top of all good things, the founda-
tion, and the root of a useful life ;
the fountain and the parent of innumerable bene-
fits."
Whence it is, that they have left us so many
treatises upon this subject ; and that we find it
St. Chrysostom.
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Xii. INTRODUCTION.
SO oft repeated in their sermons ; which they
tell us they did on purpose, that the souls of
their people might receive not merely a light
tincture of this doctrine, but as St.
Chrysos. Horn.
Chrysostom's phrase is, be deeply
dyed with it. Unto whose pious labours which
good men have imitated in all succeeding ages,
if mine be now added in a small book upon the
same argument, I hope it will not be found alto-
gether unprofitable, but contribute something to
the growth of Christian piety ; by stirring up
this present generation to the serious practice
of this part of it.
Which is commonly distinguished into secret
Prayer, alone by ourselves ; private with our
families ; and public with the whole congrega-
tion of Christian people, among whom we live.
The last of which was first in my design, when
I began to think of writing about this matter ;
because Common Prayer, which we make all
c— ^ ^6
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INTRODUCTION. xiii.
together in one body, unto God, is the most ne-
cessary, and the most prevalent, and yet, alas !
the most neglected of all other. But consider-
ing that men would be the better disposed to
attend upon the public service, if they could be
persuaded to accustom their minds, unto devout
thoughts of God, and affections towards Him,
alone by themselves ; I resolved to premise a
short discourse, concerning Prayer in general ;
with a special respect unto such secret inter-
course with the Divine Majesty,
As for that which is called -private Prayer in
our several families, there needs no particular
discourse about it; but it may be sufficiently
understood by what I have to say of the other
two; especially of public Prayer, whose place
it is to supply, when we cannot have the bene-
fit of it.
Now this duty of secret converse with God,
by humble Prayer to Him, is evidently enjoin-
o ■ ^ 6
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Xiv. INTRODUCTION.
ed in those words of our blessed Saviour,
Matth. vi. 6. " But thou when thou prayest,
enter into thy closet," &c. In which He doth
not exclude public Prayer ; but only forbids os-
tentation in it ; and commands us out of love to
God, not out of love to popular applause ; that
we may be truly good, and not merely thought
so, to open our hearts to Him, when nobody sees
us, but He alone.
That is the thing I intend to evince ; that it
is the duty of every Christian to retire himself
from business and from company, that he may
pray to God. In treating of which, I think it
will be useful, if I distinctly shew,Jirst, the na-
ture of this duty ; secondly, the necessity of it ;
thirdly, the great benefits we may derive from
its serious performance.
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CONTENTS.
Editor's Preface,
The Introduction.
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Page
iii.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
Of the nature of Prayer, . . . 31
CHAPTER II.
Of the necessity of Prayer, . . . 31
CHAPTER III.
The sense of all mankind aljout this matter, espe-
cially of our blessed Saviour, . 43
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Xvi. CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IV.
Other arguments of the great necessity of Prayer, 53
CHAPTER V.
Some reflections upon the foregoing considerations, 60
CHAPTER VI.
The honour God doth us in admitting us into His
presence, . . . . .71
CHAPTER VII.
The pleasure which springs from the serious per-
formance of this duty, ... 83
CHAPTER VIII.
The great benefits we receive by serious Prayer to
God, 97
CHAPTER IX.
The three foregoing chapters improved, . 108
PART II.
CHAPTER X.
Public Prayer the most necessary of all other, 118
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CONTENTS. Xvii.
{CHAPTER XI.
God is most honoured by public Prayers, . 123
CHAPTER XII.
Public Prayers most advantageous unto us, . 140
CHAPTER XIII.
Public Prayers most suitable to the nature of man, 160
CHAPTER XIV.
The nature of a Church requires there should be
public Prayers, .... 187
CHAPTER XV.
Our blessed Saviour, the founder of the Church,
teaches us this doctrine, . . ,194
CHAPTER XVI.
Which is further confirmed by the practice of the
Apostles, and the first Christians, . , 203
CHAPTER XVII.
Other considerations to strengthen this argument, 219
2
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XVlll.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
A recapitulation of the four foregoing chapters,
with some inferences from thence, . . 232
CHAPTER XIX.
Of daily public assemblies, and of hours and ges-
tures of Prayer,
CHAPTER XX.
Some objections removed,
248
270
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CONCERNING PRAYER.
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DISCOURSE CONCERNING PRAYER.
Part I.
CHAPTER I.
OF THE XATURE OF THIS DUTY.
TJRAYER, in the strict use of the word,
-*- signifies the petitions we make to God,
either for the bestowing on us good things, or
the averting from us evil. And thus it is dis-
tinguished from praises of His divine perfec-
tions, from Whom those benefits we ask are
derived ; and from thanks livings for them,
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22 OF THE NATURE
when they are conferred on us, according to
our desires. Which, though they ought to ac-
company all our prayers, and it is impossible to
pray aright, without such acknowledgments of
God's incomparable perfections, and thankful-
ness to Him for His benefits ; yet they are not
the things which are strictly and properly
meant by Prayer. Which is taken sometimes
in a stricter sense still ; merely for petitioning
for good things : and so is distinguished by
St. Paul, (1 Tim. ii. 1.) from Supplications ;
which are petitions for the averting evil things
from us.
In which restrained senses I do not intend
to treat of it ; but by Prayer, understand an
address of our soul to God, the Author and
Fountain of all good, to request of Him those
things, which we feel we want, and of which
we are desirous.
1. It supposes, therefore, first, that we are
in want : for if we were full, we should long for
nothing. We want wisdom, and God's Holy
Spirit, both the graces and comforts thereof ;
together with His pardoning and sparing
6 0
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OF THIS DUTY. 23
mercy ; His gracious protection and safeguard ;
provision for all the necessities of our outward
man ; besides all the needs of others, espe-
cially of God's Church, and of that Church and
kingdom in particular, whereof we are now
immediate members. A supply of all which
we would either receive, or have them pre-
served to us, if we already enjoy these bless-
incrs. That is, we either want the things
themselves, or their continuance ; and there-
fore we ask them.
2. But further, it necessarily supposes also
that we have a sense and feeling of our wants.
For if a man be sick or empty, yet if he think
himself well, or feel no hunger, he will neither
call for his physician, nor for food. Though
men be in the very jaws of hell ; though they
lie under the power of the devil, and be led
captive by him at his will ; though their lusts
and passions tyrannize and insult over them ;
though sin, as the Apostle speaks hath the
dominion in their hearts, and they are so
governed and ruled by vicious affections and
desires, that they are no better than slaves to
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24 OF THE NATURE
them ; yet if they think this a state of liberty,
and ease, and pleasure, if they have no appre-
hension of present or future danger, they will
never be at the pains so much as to pray
heartily for deliverance.
And therefore, if we will pray aright, we
must be possessed with as great a sense of our
spiritual wants, as we have of our bodily,
when we are pinched and pressed with them ,
We must make our souls feel that there is a
God, and that He is our chiefest good, and that
in conjunction with Him consists our felicity,
and that it cannot be any way attained but by
conformity to Him, in obedience to His blessed
will : and perceiving how short we are of
this, nay, how far, perhaps, we are from God
and goodness, how very negligent we have
been in our duty to Him, it ought to humble
and abase us, to bring us down upon our knees
to sue for mercy ; and excite in us earnest de-
sires after Him, and after righteousness and
true holiness, as that alone which can bring us
into His favour.
In short, our souls must acquaint us as tho-
O 6
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OF THIS DUTY. 25
roughly with their state and condition, as our
bodies tell us when they are ill, or in pain ; or
hungry and thirsty ; or labouring under any
other burthen.
3. And then there is supposed a desire to
have these wants supplied, as I have already
said. Emptiness is troublesome to us, when
we feel it ; and it is impossible we should not
long to be eased, by getting it filled. If we do
but fancy we are in need, there is no rest till
we find some satisfaction. We must be either
satisfied that we do not need it, or we must
have what we are satisfied is needful.
And in this consists internal Prayer ; the
desire or longing of the soul to be filled with
all the fulness of God ; to be satisfied with
His likeness ; to be reconciled to Him : and to
be made daily more conformable to His will
and pleasure in every thing.
4. Which desires we are strongly inclined,
even by nature itself, to express in words,
which are the interpreters of our minds, and
declare Avhat is in our hearts. For all sen-
sible creatures we see make their moans by
O — -
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26 OF THE NArtJRE
audible cries, of several sorts, when their needs
are great, and therefore man cannot be the only-
silent thing ; but is formed by God to implore
His help, and beg his relief on all occasions,
in such words as are apt significations of his
inward desires. And that is the last thing
observable.
5. Prayer is an expression of our inward
desires unto God, the Author and Fountain of
all good- For when we are desirous to receive
an alms from any person, we always ask it of
such as we believe are able, and we hope are
willing to bestow it : but never make our ap-
plications to those who are as beggarly as our-
selves. Now it is God only, who is able to
supply all our needs, and hath revealed himself
to be willing to bestow what we ask of Him ;
nay, hath invited us to come to Him, and as-
sured us he will grant our desires : and who
alone knows our needs, and can hear the de-
sires of all men ; and likewise is the only
Judge, whether that be fit for us which we
ask, or there be not something better than our
own wishes.
0 O
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OF THIS DUTY. 27
Upon which account saints and angels are
not to be invocated. For as we know not
whether they hear us ; nay, it seems impos-
sible to us, that they should be able to hear
such great numbers of supplicants, as, in seve-
ral and very distant places, call upon the same
saint or angel : so we know not what power
they have to help us, nor what they can do for
us, if they could hear us ; but Ave know they
cannot be in so many places at once, as they
have suitors, to give them their succour and
assistance. And besides they have made no
promises to us, that they will so much as pre-
fer our petitions to God, or do all they can for
us ; nor are they wise enough to judge what
petitions are fit to be preferred, and what not ;
that is, what is most behoveful for us in all
conditions and states of life, and in all the par-
ticular passages and circumstances thereof.
It might be added, that all these petitions
must be put up in the name and through the
mediation of our blessed Lord and Sa^dour
Christ Jesus, who is our only Advocate with
the Father ; but that belongs rather to the
O (
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28 OF THE NATURE
manner of addressing our prayers unto God :
and therefore I here omit it. And shall only
observe, for the further explication of it, that
there are several parts of Prayer to God : as
may be gathered even from that remark, at the
conclusion of the seventy-second Psalm, " The
Prayers of David the Son of Jesse are ended ;"
where the foregoing Psalms are all called
Prayers ; though some of them be doleful
complaints of the sadness of his condition ;
others of them confessions of sin which had
brought him into that doleful estate ; others
acknowledgments of his entire dependence on
God ; others magnify His powerful and wise
goodness, and render thanks for benefits re-
ceived, and promise dutiful obedience, as well
as petition for pardon and deliverance. By
which we learn that Prayer unto God is made
up of all these ; and that in a sense of His
greatness and goodness, of our absolute de-
pendence upon Him, and all the benefits we
have received from Him, we ought to address
ourselves to Him ; confessing how we have
offended Him, bewailing the miserable estate
0 ■
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OF THIS DUTY. 29
into which we have thereby brought ourselves,
begging His pardon, imploring the grace of
His Holy Spirit ; and in the sincerity and up-
rightness of our hearts resolving to be wholly
His, and to serve Him in newness of life all
our days.
And the truth is, every one of these is vir-
tually a petition to Him. Whether we hear-
tily acknowledge what He is, or adore Him,
or praise Him, or give Him thanks, or confess
our unworthiness, or profess our dependence
on Him, or promise fidelity to Him, they
all bespeak His grace and favour towards
us, and move Him to bestow His mercy
upon us.
This is a short explication of the nature of
Prayer ; which will be something better under-
stood, by what follows concerning the neces-
sity of it ; though when I have said all that I
can, I am sensible it will be defective. For
Prayer is so sublime a thing, that the noblest
wits have acknowledged, we stand in need " of
the Father to enlighten, of His first-begotten
Word to teach, and of the Spirit to operate in
6 0
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30
OF THE NATURE OF THIS DUTY.
us" (as Origen^s words are) " that we may be
able to think and speak worthily in so great an
argument."
6-
0
OF THE NECESSITY OF PRAYER. 31
CHAPTER II.
OF THE NECESSITY OF PRAYER.
T7J7"E shall be the more strongly moved to
* * study this high and excellent duty, and
to labour to perform it aright, when we are
made sensible it is so indispensable a part of a
godly life, that we cannot so much as pretend
to the profession of Christianity, if we do not
practice it. Of which there is this general de-
monstration, which cannot be gainsaid.
That which is founded in our nature, and to
which we are bound by virtue of our being
creatures : to that, every Christian is indispen-
sably tied: it being the intention of the coming
of our Lord Christ not to loosen those obli-
gations we have upon us, as men; but to
strengthen them, and bind them harder upon
us ; to heighten all natural duties, and to make
us more deeply sensible of the laws that are
written in our very being.
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32 OF THE NECESSITY
Now such a one is this of Prayer ; which
doth not stand upon a mere positive command,
as Baptism, and the Sacrament of the Lord's
Supper do. That is, it is not our duty merely,
because our Lord by His authority hath made
it so, but He hath made it so because we are
made to it (as I may speak) and formed by
God to acknowledge Him in this manner. For
it is as natural a thing to pray, as it is to be-
lieve there is a God ; and to be persuaded
that we were made by Him, and not by our-
selves.
Hence it is, that you shall not find in the
whole law of Moses, any precept for prayer ;
of which, what reason can we give but this,
that it was so sufficiently known to be a duty
by the common light of nature, that there
needed no instruction about it ; nor can I ob-
serve hitherto any command in the gospel of
Christ, barely for Prayer ; but only for the
manner of Prayer ? As, inthe place first men-
tioned, " When thou prayest, enter into thy
closet, and pray to thy Father which is in
secret :" and in other places, " Watch and
o O
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OF PRAYER. 33
pray; — Pray continually; — Pray with all prayer
and supplication in the Spirit ; — Pray in the
Holy Ghost ; — Pray always, and not faint ; —
Pray in the name of the Lord Jesus." All
which supposes the duty of Prayer ; and only
direct how it is to be performed.
For the further clearing of which general
observation, let these following particulars be
considered.
I. That it is natural to every living sensi-
ble creature, to look back to its beginning ;
and to own its dependence upon that, from
whence it derives its being. Thus we see the
young ones of all sorts of animals open their
mouths, and wait, as it were, for provision
from the old ones, while they remain weak
and tender ; running also to them for shelter
and protection, while they are unable to de-
fend themselves. Upon which score. Prayer
is as necessary for us, and as natural to us, as
it is natural to an infant to cry for its mother's
breast, or something else equivalent there-
unto, that may satisfy its craving desires. Be-
cause it is an acknowledgment and owning
3 I
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34 OF THE NECESSITY
of God ; as the Original from whom we
come, and as the Author of all good ; in
Whom we live, and move, and have our
being ; and a confession of our own weak-
ness, and helpless condition, without His care
of us.
The very heathens had this notion in them,
that mankind being the offspring of God,
brought forth by Him into the world, out of
the womb of His Almighty goodness, they
ought to resort unto Him ; even as the chicken
runs under the wing of the hen, by whom it
was hatched; or the lamb runs to the teats of
her that yeaned it. And this (say
Proclus 1 9. in '' ^ -"
Timceum. they) wc do by Prayer ; which is
nothing else but the return of the soul back
to God, from whence it sprung: our looking
back to Him from whom we come ; a reflec-
tion upon the foundation of our being, and of
all good ; our turning about to the cause of
our being ; a circling, as it were to that point
from whence we took our beginning ; that we
may be fast knit and united unto God, and never
be divided from Him.
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OF PRAYER. 35
1. And therefore (to explain this more par-
ticularly) Prayer is, jirst, a high Acknow-
ledgment, that God is the first cause of all
things. We magnify Him hereby as the Root,
the Spring, the Fountain of whatsoever we, or
any other creatures are, or have. And without
Prayer, we do as bad as say, we owe nothing
to any higher Being than ourselves.
2. Secondly, we acknowledge also the
Sovereignty which He therefore hath over
us, and over all things : in that we ascribe
unto Him a power to command them all,
and to help, and relieve, and supply both
us and them, according to our various neces-
sities.
3. The Independency also of His Being is
herein acknowledged ; in that we ask of Him
alone, as having full and absolute power within
Himself of giving us help and comfort, without
craving it of any else.
'4. His Liberty and freedom also ; in that it
wholly resides, we confess, in His will and
choice what we shall have, and how much, and
when ; all as He pleas eth.
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36 OF THE NECESSITY
5. His AU-sufficiency likewise, to enrich us
without impoverishing Himself.
6. Together with His infinite Greatness and
immensity; which is present to all places, and
ready to supply the needs of all supplicants.
7. And it is no less an acknowledgment of
His Omniscience : which can not only give
audience to all petitioners every where ; but
exactly know both their necessities, and their
sense of them, and the sincerity of their desires ;
and also what is convenient for Him to bestow
upon them, and will do them most good.
8. His inexhausted Goodness and bounty
likewise ; which is still ready and willing to
pour out itself to us without any emptiness in
the same blessings that He hath bestowed, for
so many past ages. And —
Lastly, His Eternity and Immutability ; in
that after so many successions of men in the
world, He is still the same unchangeable ful-
ness : unto Whom we resort with the same con-
fidence that good men have ever done.
In short, it arises out of a sense of all God's
glorious attributes and perfections : which are
o ^ o
Q ^O
OF PRAYER. 37
every one acknowledged in some part of Prayer
or other ; though we should not expressly name
them. For in confession of sin we acknow-
ledge His unspotted holiness, and that He is of
" purer eyes than to behold," that is, approve,
" iniquity." In deprecation of His anger, we
confess His justice ; in petitioning for pardon,
we proclaim His clemency ; in our request for
grace and help, we give Him the glory of His
power ; and when we recount His gracious
providences over us, we acknowledge His in-
comparable goodness and bounty. And there-
fore, unless we will disclaim God, and have
nothing to do with Him, we must perform this
duty of Prayer to Him. This is the first con-
sideration.
H. To which add further, that it is natural
for every thing that is in want to desire supply
from him that hath ability to fill it. Now such
is the state of every man in the world ; we are
at the best, weak and feeble, beggarly, and in-
digent beings, pressed with many and great
necessities ; which we have no power to make
up, but only by going unto God.
o o
o Q
38 OF THE NECESSITY
Whatsoever is from the first Being, wants
something that it hath. Every creature there-
fore is imperfect ; and if any of them could be
supposed to want nothing, yet it would neces-
sarily want the continuance of its being, which
it hath received from its Creator : and therefore
it is a true observation of one of the ancient
Theodorusapud. philosophcrs, that all beings pray,
procium. lb. except only the first Being, which is
God ; Who hath none to pray unto, but hath
all of Himself.
Prayer is a confession of the true state of our
own souls and bodies, as well as of God's most
excellent perfections. A declaration that we
are poor and needy ; that we are crazy and in-
sufficient of ourselves ; that we are dependent
and holden up by another. So that we quite
forget ourselves, if we do not pray to God :
we renounce all care about our own greatest
concernments, if we take no notice of Him, on
whom our present and future welfare, both
here and for ever entirely depends.
HI. As it is natural unto every one in want
to ask, so it is natural unto every one that asks,
c o
o o
OF PRAYER. 39
to put himself into a fitting posture and disposi-
tion to receive : that he may appear unto him
that gives to be a real object of his charity.
Now this we do by Prayer ; which is a natural
expression both of our poverty and of our hu-
mility, (which very much move compassion)
and of the sense we have that we are creatures
who have nothing of ourselves which we can
properly call our own : and therefore are natu-
rally led hereby to think what submission and
obedience we ought to pay unto Him, Whose is
all that we are and have.
Upon this account, as much as any other,
Prayer is necessary ; that we may be put into
a temper of love, and gratitude, and obedience
unto Him who is the donor of all good things :
and who expects that we should acknowledge
the propriety He hath in all the gifts which
His bounty bestows upon us. Which we do
by Prayer : whereby we are constantly put in
mind, in what tenure we hold all the blessings
we receive from His hands ; which we may not
therefore use as we please, but as He allows
and directs. And if we do at any time use
6 O
^ Q
40 OF THE NECESSITY
them otherwise, and thereby give just offence
to God, their owner and ours, Prayer both
naturally calls such offences to mind ; and
makes us more fearful hereafter to offend.
For no man comes to ask a benefit of ano-
ther (as Mr. Hooker, if I forget not, very per-
tinently observes) but if he have given him any
offence, he will then unavoidably remember it ;
and in the very first place cast himself down at
his feet, and beg pardon, with a resolution not
willingly to offend him again. Which resolu-
tion is maintained and supported by the very
same thing which constrained us to make it ;
that is, the constant necessity we are in to ask
for new benefits. For all men are naturally
afraid to offend those, into whose presence they
must frequently come to sue for favours. This
keeps them in awe, and makes them careful
how they behave themselves ; that their suits
may not be rejected.
We are not fit then to receive, or to enjoy
any thing from God, without devout Prayer to
Him. And therefore we ought constantly to
perform this duty ; because otherwise, we take
O -Oi
o a
OF PRAYER. 41
things by stealth, and lay hold on the blessings
of heaven, without asking Him leave : and we
ought to perform it seriously ; because it will
not otherwise have the fore-mentioned effect,
of making us afraid to offend Him, without
which our Prayers are nothing worth, and can
obtain nothing from Him.
To end this, let us consider, that we do not
pray, that we may alter the mind of God ; who
is always the same, unchangeable goodness,
ready to give unto those who are qualified to
receive his favours ; but that we may alter
and change our own mind for the better ; and
thereby become disposed for the good things
of which we are desirous. And nothing alters
us so much as serious Prayer ; which puts a
new mind into us ; and for the present makes
us quite another sort of creatures.
We are forgetful of God ; lovers of oiurselves ;
confident in our own strength ; doters upon
this present world ; too much wedded to our
own will and pleasure ; complainers, murmur-
ers, envious, wavering, and inconstant in our
good purposes ; immindful of other men's
0
O — — '^ o
42 OF THE NECESSITY OF PRAYER.
miseries ; revengeful and implacable, which are
all bars to the obtaining of God's mercy. And
therefore Prayer is absolutely necessary to re-
move them : that is, to remember us of God ;
to keep Him in remembrance, and to maintain
an acquaintance with him ; to fill us with love
to Him ; to humble and abase us in our own
thoughts: to draw our hearts off from this
vain world, and to settle our trust in Him alone ;
to fix our dependence on him ; and subdue our
wills to His ; to give us a taste of spiritual
pleasures ; to make us thankful, contented, and
well satisfied ; to move our compassion towards
others, who stand in need of our help, as we
do of the help of God ; to incline us to be pitiful,
and to do good, and forgive ; without which we
confess, in our very Prayers, that we cannot
expect forgiveness from God.
This consideration shews, that Prayer is so
necessary, that there can be no goodness nor
virtue in the world without it ; but mankind
will grow strangers unto God, and He unto
them ; which will bring all things to confusion.
o 6
0
THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND. 43
CHAPTER III.
THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND ABOUT THIS MATTER;
ESPECIALLY OF OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR.
IV. XT is truly therefore observed by Origen
-^ (in his Book of Prayer, newly come to
light) that all people in the world pray, who
own a Providence, and set a Governor over
the universe : the contrary opinion, that there
is no need of Prayer, being the doctrine of
those only who are either altogether atheis-
tical and deny the being of God ; or of those
who own a God in name, but take away His
Providence. Which is manifest from hence,
that all nations by a strange consent have ever
thought it necessary to offer up some sacrifices ;
as an acknowledgment of the sovereignty of
God, and of the interest He hath in all that we
enjoy ; and as a humble supplication of His
continued favour unto those who own Him to
O O
Q O
44 THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND
be the Possessor of heaven and earth, by
returning Him some part of those good things
which He hath bountifully bestowed upon
mankind. This was the nature and meaning of
sacrifices from the beginning ; which being all
now abolished by the sacrifice of Christ, and
yet it being natural to mankind, to offer some-
thing to God, it remains that we present Him
continually with the sacrifice of Prayer, together
with that of praise and thanksgiving, which are
a part or concomitant of Prayer, as we learn
from many places of Holy Scripture : where
they are scarce distinguished, but used as words
of the same signification. They are both joined
together in the fiftieth Psalm, v. 14, 15. " Ofifer
unto God thanksgiving, and pay thy vows unto
the Most High." And, " Call upon Me in the
day of trouble : I will deliver thee, and
thou shalt glorify Me." These Prayers and
these thanksgivings, being presented by wor-
thy persons, as Justin Martyr tells Trypho
the Jew, are the only perfect, and
Dialog, cum. ' J r '
^"^^'^ well pleasing sacrifices unto God.
To whom the sacrifice of beasts was never
-O
0
ABOUT THIS MATTER. 45
acceptable, no not when by Himself appoint-
ed; unless they were significations of pious
and devout minds, begging pardon, imploring
mercy, and rendering thanks for benefits re-
ceived.
Alms indeed are also called a sacrifice : but
they then only are truly so, when we give them
as an acknowledgment of God's bounty unto
us, with humble Prayer to Him that He would
be pleased graciously to accept them. They
are often therefore joined together ; particu-
larly in the story of Cornelius, to whom the
angel said, " thy Prayers, and thy Alms are
come up, for a memorial before God." First
his Prayers, and then his Alms, which are
an offering or sacrifice, when they attend upon
Prayer and thanksgiving ; whereby they are
naturally put in mind of the poor and needy,
and stirred up, even by the feeling we have of
our own necessities, to relieve and succour
them.
We pay no homage to God then, if we omit
this duty ; we live wholly without God in the
world; and give no token, no signification,
O — ' -^ O
Q O
46 THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND
that we own His being. We rank ourselves
among Atheists, or Epicureans; who are men
only in name, having lost the common sense of
all mankind, which has ever led them to
acknowledge God by solemn supplications and
thanksgivings to Him.
V. Which is a duty so necessary, and so
essentially flowing (if I may so speak) from
human nature, that Christ our Lord, (it may be
in the next place observed,) lived in the constant
performance of it.
Christ, I say, " in whom dwelt all the ful-
ness of the Godhead bodily;" nay, who was
" God blessed for ever ;" who, in that respect
needed nothing, and was able to effect all
things ; yet, as He was a man, prayed, and
made supplication for those things, which as
He was God, He already possessed, and could
presently communicate to the human nature by
His immediate conjunction and intimate union
therewith. Notwithstanding this, He asked
them of God, and beseeched Him to bestow
them, because it was necessary and natural so
to do, because it became a creature to own its
O ^ O
O 1
ABOUT THIS MATTER. 47
dependence on a higher cause, to give to the
Creator the honour due unto his name, and to
testify by this action. His submission and obedi-
ence, His humility and love, and that how
highly soever advanced, (as the human nature
of Christ was to the utmost degree of honour,)
due acknowledgment ought to be" made by it
unto the Most High, who is the fountain of
glory and honour.
And here I take it to be very remarkable,
that there is no kind of Prayer whereof we
have not an example in our Lord Christ. Of
secret Prayer we read Luke v. 16, where it is
said, " he withdrew Himself into the wilder-
ness, and prayed :'' spent that retirement from
company and other employments, in thoughts
of God, and acknowledgments of the honour
He had done Him, and in Prayer for His con-
stant presence with Him. Of private Prayer
with His disciples, that passage seems to be
meant, Luke ix. 18. " And it came to pass, as
He was alone praying, His disciples were with
Him : and he asked them, saying, whom say
the people that I am?" i. e. in His retirement
;— ^ ^ ^ ^ O
48 THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND
from the multitude, attended only by His dis-
ciples, He first prayed, and then began, by
way of inquiry and asking questions, to instruct
them in His religion. As for public Prayer,
we read often of His going into the temple,
the house of prayer at Jerusalem, and of His
frequenting the synagogues, which were places
for religious assemblies all over the country.
We read also hoAv He prayed for others, as
well as for Himself. For Peter, Luke xxii. 31.
that " his faith might not fail :" for all His
apostles, that His " joy might be fulfilled in
them," and that God would " keep them from
the evil of the world," and that " they might
be sanctified through the truth." John xvii. 13,
15, 19. For His whole church, "that they
may all be one, as He and the Father are one."
ver. 21. And on the cross He prayed for His
bitterest enemies, as before for His friends,
Luke xxiii. 34. And after all we read, that it
was His custom thus to pray to God, Luke
xxii. 39. " And He came out, and went as He
was wont, to the Mount of Olives, and His dis-
ciples also followed Him : and when He was at
a
o
o — o
ABOUT THIS MATTER. 49
the place, He said unto them, Pray, that ye
enter not into temptation. And He was with-
drawn from them about a stone's cast, and He
kneeled down and prayed, saying. Father, if
thou be willing," &c.
And as He prayed, so He gave thanks ; par-
ticularly at the raising of Lazarus out of his
grave, John xi. 41. And He acknowledged
and praised God, for revealing His will, not to
the wise and prudent, but unto babes ; whom
He employed to be the ministers of the gospel
of His kingdom. Matt. xi. 25.
And as we have examples in Him of all sorts
of Prayer, so it is further observable, that He
has left us the like examples of the times and
of the manner of Prayer.
For times of Prayer ; we read in Mark i. 35.
of His morning Prayer. " And in the morn-
ing, rising up a great while before day. He
went out, and departed into a solitary place,
and prayed." And in Mark vi. we read of His
evening Prayer : for when the day was far
spent, (ver. 35.) He fed a great multitude mi-
raculously, and then constrained his disciples
4
o — 0
0 ^ o
50 THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND
to go into the ship, while He sent away the
people ; which being done, " He departed into
a mountain to pray," ver. 46, 47. He prayed
also at meals, as we find ver. 41. of that chap-
ter : when He had taken the loaves and fishes,
" He looked up to heaven, and blessed," (or
gave thanks,) John vi. 11. for those good things
which the bounty of God bestows for the food
of mankind. And lastly, we read of extraor-
dinary Prayer, where a special occasion re-
quired it ; for just before He ordained His
twelve apostles, " He went into a mountain to
pray, and continued all night in prayer to God."
Luke vi. 12, 13.
As for the manner, we find He did it with
all fervour, with strong cries, saith the apostle,
(Heb. V. 7.) where he adds tears also, as an
argument of His great piety. Secondly, with
perfect submission ; as we find when He prayed
for the removal of the bitter cup, which nature
very much desired ; but He asks with this
humble resignation of Himself to God, " Nev-
ertheless, not My will, but Thine be done ;"
(Luke xxii. 42.) " Not what I will, but what
6 0
o — — o
ABOUT THIS MATTER. 51
Thou wilt ;" (Mark xiv. 38.) Thirdly, with all
due reverence and devotion ; for we read there,
that " He kneeled down and prayed," (Luke
xxii. 41.) and " being in an agony, He prayed
more earnestly," (ver. 44,) and with greater ex-
pressions of reverence, for " He fell on His
face," as the manner was in great distresses,
(Matt. xxvi. 39.) And lastly, with frequent and
repeated importunities : for He prayed three
times for the same thing, with the same sub-
mission, and in the very same words also. And
more than all this, He prayed even for that,
which He was sure God would bestow upon
Him, because He having always possessed it as
He was God, knew it was designed for Him, as
He was man, in God's eternal decree ; I mean,
His glorious preferment into the heavens, to sit
down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.
For which He "lift up His eyes unto heaven, and
said, Father, the hour is come: glorify Thy Son,
that Thy Son may glorify Thee :" John xvii. 1.,
and again, ver. 5, — "And now, O Father, glorify
Thou Me, with Thy own self ; with the glory
which I had with Thee before the world was."
o ~ — o
c o
52 THE SENSE OF ALL MANKIND.
Lay all these things together, and they will
teach those that consider them, both the weigh-
tiness, and the great dignity, as well as the
necessity of this duty. Unto which, who can
choose but be awakened, when he sees the Son
of God so industrious, so unwearied in it ? For
if Jesus prayed, as Origen argues, and prayed
not in vain, but obtained what he asked, and
without prayer could not, we may well think,
obtain it, which of us can be so negligent as
not to pray ?
For to what end can we think was all this
done by Him, but to shew us the obligations of
human nature ; and to make us sensible of our
dependence on God ; and that we can have
nothing without His will, and that it is abso-
lutely necessary our wills should be wholly re-
gulated by His 1 He did not all this barely to
give us an example ; but to demonstrate and
make us know, that no man, though never so per-
fect, can live to God, without praying to Him.
O -~-~~ o
o o
GREAT NECESSITY OF PRAYER. 53
CHAPTER IV.
OTHER ARGUMENTS OF THE GREAT NECESSITY
OF PRAYER.
VI. XT may be useful to us, farther to consider
-■- that God hath appointed His Holy Spirit
to us in this duty ; which is a convincing de-
monstration of its great necessity ; if we will
judge of things, according to the account
which God makes of them. "Who, lest this
duty should not be well done, lends us His
power to perform it acceptably unto Him.
And shall we suffer the Holy Spirit to wait
upon us to no purpose ? Nay, shall it follow
us continually, and urge us to have recourse to
God, inspiring us with good thoughts, and
exciting pious desires, and we refuse to be led
and conducted by its holy motions ? This is
as unnatural, as for a man to have a soul, and
never think; to have a tongue, and never
-O
o
54 OTHER ARGUMENTS OF THE
speak ; eyes, and a power to see, and never
open them.
VII. It is as considerable also, that He
hath appointed His Son to be our Mediator and
Intercessor with Him in the heavens. Which
supposes both that we will do this, and that it is
most necessary to be done. For otherwise,
we make void this new office of our blessed
Saviour's, which God the Father, in His infinite
wisdom, and tenderest compassion, hath erected.
We make him an Advocate, without clients ; an
Intercessor, who hath nothing to do, but waits
in vain for our petitions.
Good Lord ! That men should be so igno-
rant, or presumptuous, as to account themselves
Christians, and never, or seldom lift up their
minds and hearts unto Him in the heavens ;
nor fee lany need of His patronage ; nor make
use of His most powerful interest, for the ob-
taining any blessings for them ; which they
cannot have, unless they address themselves to
God for them in His prevailing name, and His
alone.
VIII. The necessity also of this may be
O ^ 6
0 o
NECESSITY OF PRAYER.
55
understood by the frequent injunctions we
meet withal in Holy Scriptures, for " praying
always, praying without ceasing, and with all
Prayer and supplication, in the spirit;" as I
have before noted. Which declare it to be a
business of such importance, that we cannot
subsist without it : but must use it as constantly
as we do our meat and drink ; or rather more
constantly, it being of such great concernment
that it is as necesssry as our very breath.
The incense in the temple, as St. John
teaches us, (Rev. viii. 3.) represented the
prayers of the Saints. Now it may not be un-
worthy our observation to note, that whereas
the shew-bread (whereby an acknowledgment
was made, as some think, that they received
all their food from God) was renewed and set
upon the holy table in the sanctuary, but once
every week; and the lamp in the temple
(which signified perhaps the light of God's
word) was dressed once every day: the in-
cense (which certainly signified their prayers)
was renewed, by God's order, twice every day,
and offered upon the altar morning and even-
6
-O
O ■ o
56 OTHER ARGUMENTS OF THE
ing. Which may^ suggest unto us, that we
ought to be more sensible of the need we have
of the word of God and Prayer, than of the
need of our daily food ; but especially of
Prayer. Though we read often, yet we stand
in need to pray oftener.
IX. For it is our main security, our great
safe-guard, our refuge and place of retreat, in
all the dangers unto which we are exposed in
this present world : and therefore it is not only
mentioned by the apostle as a part of the Chris-
tian armour ; but set also in the last place, as
that which completes all the rest of the " whole
armour of God," Ephes. vi. 18. " For," as St.
Chrysostom often speaks, " Prayer is a mighty
weapon, and powerful defence," without which,
no man can be able to stand and
maintain his ground against the as-
saults of temptations, nor overcome his spiritual
enemies : but by which we lay hold upon
the arm of the Almighty for our defence and
succour, and engage the power of God to
be with us, and assure ourselves, if we rightly
manage it, of a certain victory.
6 6
Horn. xzx. in
Gen. chap. xi.
p 0
NECESSITY OF PRAYER. 57
For herein we employ all the other parts of
the " whole armour of God," which the Apostle
there requires us to take unto us, and to put
on us. We use our knowledge of the Truth ^
and act our Faith, our Love, and our Hope; and
have recourse to the Word of God, particularly
to His precious promises ; and declare our sin-
cere affection to all righteousness, and our up-
right intentions to persist and continue therein
by the help of God which we implore. So
that it is the more necessary, because by Prayer
all the graces of God's Holy Spirit are continu-
ally exercised and kept in use ; the whole ar-
mour of God is girt closer to us ; and we are
made more expedite and ready, on all occa-
sions, to encounter with the enemies of our
salvation.
X. Whence it was, you may observe in the
last place, that holy men, who lived the life of
God in this world, could never be persuaded to
omit it. I will give but one instance of this,
in the prophet Daniel : who, when he had re-
ceived the command of a great king to forbear
praying to his God, for the space of thirty
O ^ — O
o o
58 OTHER ARGUMENTS OF THE
days, durst not consent to a compliance with
his will and pleasure. And yet Daniel was a
good subject, as well as a wise man ; who was
very sensible what ready obedience ought to be
paid to kings, and how necessary this obedi-
ence was ; where a contrary, antecedent neces-
sity did not lie upon him, to obey God : especi-
ally when the thing was enjoined under the
penalty of death, and when his sovereign did
not require a total forbearance of this duty, but
only for a limited time. And yet so it was, he
chose rather to lose the favour of his prince,
who had been very kind to him, nay to lose
his life, as well as his honour ; and more than
that, to be thrown into the den of lions, there
to be torn in pieces and devoured by those
ravenous beasts ; than to omit his constant
devotion to the supreme Lord and Sovereign
of heaven and earth. For, saith the history of
his admirable piety, " When Daniel knew
that this decree was signed," (mark that,)
" he went into his house, and his window
being open toward Jerusalem, he kneeled
upon his knees, three times a day, and prayed,
o " 6
o^ -o
NECESSITY OF PRAYER. 59
and o-ave thanks before his God, as he did
o
aforetime." Dan. vi. 10.
Which shows that, in his opinion, it is more
necessary to pray and give thanks to God, than
it is to live: and that there is a necessity also
of the frequent returns of this duty. For three
times a day (as often as he did eat or drink)
he continued, nothwithstanding the great hazard
he run therein, " to pray and give thanks before
hisGod."
a
-o
O Q
60 SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE
CHAPTER V.
SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE FOREGOING CON-
SIDERATIONS.
■ JEFORE I proceed to lay before you the
-"-^ great advantages we have, by the seri-
ous performance of this part of our Christian
duty ; it may be useful here to rest awhile,
and only look back upon what hath been
already discoursed. Which, if the reader will
please to do with a composed mind and atten-
tive thoughts, he may soon know what to think
of his condition, if he never set himself to this
holy employment, or rather heavenly privilege,
of making devout addresses to God, by Prayer
and Supplication, with Thanksgiving for all the
benefits of which we are desirous, or He hath
already conferred on us.
Such men are without God in the world ;
estranged from the Father of their being, con-
O —— o
o o
FOREGOIXG COXSIDERATIONS. 61
teniners of His most excellent Majesty ; usur-
pers of His Sovereignty ; that set up for them-
selves, and live as if they were the Original of
all things ; who stand in no need to be beholden
to any one higher and greater than themselves.
Guilty they are of the highest treason, because
they refuse to pay the most natural and neces-
sary acknowledgment unto the most High.
They will not own Him as their Lord ; nor
make any sig-nifications of their dependence
on Him; but use Him as if he were only a
name ; to Whom we owe a slight respect, but
no solemn, constant, reverence and service.
Lay this to heart, I beseech you, whosoever
you be, that do not make it one of the most
serious businesses of your life to pray unto
God. Consider what you are ; in what relation
you stand to Him ; and what a bold disowning
of Him this is : that you may be humbled for
it, and come and bow down yourselves, and
kneel before the Lord your Maker ; to beg
His pardon for this contempt, to beseech His
grace, and assure Him hereafter of your faith-
ful service.
c-
O . Q
62 SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE
2. And that you may do so, learn from the
foregoing instructions, to pray to God ; not
merely because you think He will have this
acknowledgment or else be very angry : but
because He ought to have it, as we are His
creatures ; who cannot be happy without a due
respect to the Father of our being, the Foun-
tain of all bliss. If you think this duty might
have been left undone, had not God exacted
it by some positive law, it may make you less^U ^
forwardly inclined unto it ; nay apt, perhaps,
to grumble sometime at the burthen (as you
may be prone to account it) and too willing to
find pretences, that may seem equitable and
fit to be allowed for the omitting it. But if
you look upon it as enacted in the very laws
of our nature ; as standing upon no weaker
ground than our very beings ; which we de-
riving from God, are bound thereby to acknow-
ledge Him ; you will not desire to be excused
from it, nor be backward to it ; but please
yourselves, as well as Him, in this most de-
lightful employment.
Remember, you ought to look up unto God
I
— • o
c o
FOREGOING CONSIDERATIONS. 63
in prayer and praises, because it is a natural
duty ; and that your nature strongly inclines
you to it, because you are weak and in want ;
and that you should make it your choice, be-
cause it is a most noble privilege to be ad-
mitted into God's presence ; and that you
should choose to do it frequently, because you
will be so much the more happy ; by having
Him oft in your thoughts, and by being much
in His blessed presence, Who is able to impart
everlasting felicity to his devout and faithful
worshippers.
3. Of which happiness let us not deprive
ourselves, by forgetting God our Maker ; but
be moved by the many arguments, whereby I
have enforced it, to the solemn practice of
this duty : unto which we are formed by na-
ture, and mightily excited and assisted by grace.
Never rise out of your bed, but before you
go about any thing else, make a tendry of your
most hearty service unto God ; implore His
blessing ; let Him know that you intend to be
faithful to Him all that day ; that you remem-
ber your obligations to Him, and are resolved
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64 SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE
to make good your promises : and so beseech
Him to go along with you, and to " prevent
you in all your doings with His most gracious
favour, and further you with His continual
help : and that in all your works, begun, con-
tinued, and ended in Him, you may glorify
His holy name, and finally by His mercy ob-
tain everlasting life,"
And do not offer to put a bit of bread into
your mouths till you have acknowledged God
who spreads your table for you, and beseeched
Him to bless the gifts of His goodness to you,
and to give you grace to use the strength you
receive from them in His service.
In like manner, rise not from your meat
without a renewal of your thankful acknow-
ledgments for your refreshment : with such
seriousness that it may be truly a grace, and
not merely so called. That is, a hearty ex-
pression of your gratitude to Him ; and of
your desires to have grace, to be as dutiful to
Him, as He is bountiful to you, in these and
all other benefits He constantly bestows upon
you.
6 o
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FOREGOING COXSIDERATIONS. 65
And never think of putting off your clothes
to go to sleep, before you have commended
yourselves, and all yours unto His merciful
Protection ; and reflected on His goodness,
and thanked him for his mercies past ; and
expressed your humble confidence in Him, for
the time to come; and beseeched Him to make
you fit, and willing to die, and to be for ever
with Him.
Business, I know, is the pretended impedi-
ment to all this. But is there any business of
such moment, as that which we have with
God ? Or can any other business be likely to
succeed without His blessing? Or have we
the foolish confidence, to expect His blessing,
and never ask it ? Who is there that can say,
his affairs in this world have suffered, by spend-
ing some time, in commending himself and
them unto God ? Nay, what business is there
that doth not go on the more cheerfully and
prosperously, when we have reason to think
that God is with us. According to that whole-
some saying, " Robbery never enriches ; Alms
never impoverish ; and Prayer hinders no
5
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66 SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE
work." Observe it ; as no man hath the more
in this world, for what he gets dishonestly, by
theft or cheating ; nor any man the less, for what
he gives away, out of love to God and his poor
brethren : so no man gains time for his business,
by that which he robs God of, in not praying
to Him ; nor loses he any time by that which
he spends with God in this holy duty.
Therefore let none of us, upon any account,
neglect it : but think we do ourselves right, as
well as God, by the serious and solemn per-
formance of it. Our own wants, one would
think, should stimulate us sufficiently unto it.
Or, if we could be supposed to want nothing,
yet, the sense we have that we hold all we call
ours by the mere mercy of God, should power-
fully move us to acknowledge Him, and to pay
Him our homage of thanks and praise, and
humble ourselves before His Majesty, as no-
thing without Him. Yea, it is an honour, and
singular favour, we should think, to be admit-
ted into His sacred presence : as I am sure,
we should esteem it, did we enjoy the same
privilege with earthly princes. Into whose
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FOREGOING CONSIDERATIONS. 67
presence we should not think we could come
too oft, if they would permit it : but we should
be ambitious always to stand in their sight ; and
look upon ourselves as highly dignified, if they
would be pleased to make us their familiars.
Let us not then be so perverse, as to live, as if
we thought the Lord of heaven and earth doth
us an injury, or lays a heavy burthen on us
when He requires us to attend Him : that is,
when He bids us come to Him, and first ask,
and then receive His blessing.
Look upon our blessed Saviour, and observe
how constant and unwearied He was in this
holy duty : how frequently He went alone by
Himself, to give thanks to God, and to implore
His continued presence with Him : how dili-
gently He went to the temple when He was at
Jerusalem ; and to the synagogues, when He
was in the country : how He acknowledged
God in the most common benefits : how much
time He spent publicly and privately in His
company : with what strong cries He called
upon Him in the days of His flesh : with what
submission ; with what reverence : with what
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68 SOME REFLECTIONS UPON THE
repeated importunities : and then think with
yourselves ; are you in less want of the help
of God, than our blessed Saviour was ? Can
you live well enough without praying to Him,
when His only begotten Son could not 1 Why
do you not then go to Him, with fervent desires ?
why do you not imitate the Son of God in the
frequency of your addresses?
To what purpose hath God given you His
Holy Spirit, if you will not obey its motions ?
To what end is the Lord Jesus appointed to be
your Intercessor ; if you will send up no pray-
ers, to be presented by Him in the court of hea-
ven % Why doth He call upon you to " pray
alway," if you need not pray at all 1 Consider
all these arguments over again ; how naked
you are without this Divine Armour to defend
you ; how all God's graces languish and die, if
this do not continually maintain them ; how
good men have thought it better not to live,
than not to pray and give thanks to the God of
their life : and they will prevail with you not
to be strangers unto this heavenly employment.
An employment, wherein you will find much
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FOREGOING CONSIDERATIONS. 69
comfort and no less success ; if you do not
negligently discharge it. For God hath a love
to souls ; and greatly desires their improve-
ment. He would have them advance even
unto His likeness ; in righteousness, and good-
ness, and true holiness : else He would not so
invite them and call upon them, as He doth, to
fix their eyes upon Him ; He would not have
given them such help and assistance, and dis-
covered such a wonderful love unto them, as
He hath manifested in the Son of His love,
Christ Jesus.
The heathen thought it sufficient to desire
God to hear them ; out of the love He bears
to immortal spirits when they cry unto Him.
So I find one praying, in an ancient Greek
poet, whose words are these, " Hearken unto
me, 0 Father, Thou great wonder of mankind :
who take St a special care of an ever-living
soul."
But we have a great deal more to build our
hopes upon ; and may say : " Hear us, O
Father of our Lord Jesus Christ ; who hast
astonished us with the wonders of Thy love in
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70 SOME REFLECTIONS.
Him : hear us, out of the love Thou bearest
unto the Son of Thy love : hear us, for His
sake ; who laid down His life, to redeem our
immortal souls : who lives for ever to make
intercession for us. Thou, who hast bestowed
already so surprising a gift without our asking,
hear us, and give us what we ask of Thee,
when we ask it in His name, who gave Him-
self for us, and hath assured us, that with Him,
Thou wilt ffive us all things."
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THE HOXOUR GOD DOTH US. 71
CHAPTER VI.
THE HONOUR GOD DOTH US IN ADMITTING US
INTO HIS PRESENCE.
\ MONG Other false conceits which men
-^-^ have of this duty of Prayer to God, these
two are very prejudicial to its performance.
First, they look upon it only as a duty laid
upon them by God's mere will and pleasure :
which might be spared, there being no real
need of it, if it were not for this ; that God
will have it, and hath ordained it.
Secondly, they imagine thereupon, that He
is beholden to them for what they do ; and
that they have performed such a great piece
of service to Him, when they have prayed
awhile, that they thereby obtain a dispensa-
tion to do their own will, when they have sat-
isfied His.
To rectify the first of these mistakes, I have
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72 THE HONOUR OF BEING
shewn this to be a natural duty, and not mere-
ly bound upon us by a positive law : a duty
supposed by our Lord and Saviour, rather
than commanded : for it arises from our being
God's creatures ; who are therefore bound to
acknowledge Him, and to wait upon Him
continually for the supply of our necessities,
from His bounty. And now I shall proceed
to correct the second mistake ; and thereby
also farther confirm what I have said concern-
ing the necessity of this duty : by shewing
that this is so far from being a burthen laid
upon us by His mere will and pleasure, or
any such service whereby we oblige Him, or
procure an indulgence, or connivance at what
we do contrary to His will in other things ;
that in truth the service is done entirely to our-
selves, whose righteousness cannot profit Him.
Who intends hereby to make us really good?
nay, excellent creatures ; whose duty it is to
look upon ourselves as infinitely beholden to
Him, that He will suffer us to come into His
presence, upon all occasions, and call Him
" Our Father."
O ^ ^
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IN god's presence. 73
This I shall demonstrate, by representing
first how honourable and excellent an employ-
ment this is : secondly, how comfortable and
truly delightful, when performed as it ought :
thirdly, how beneficial, both to make and pre-
serve us, such as we ought to desire above
all things to be.
Of the first of these I shall give a brief ac-
count in this chapter : wherein I shall endea-
vour to make the reader sensible, that this
duty, which our own necessities call for and
exact of us, is in itself a most noble and excel-
lent employment. For it is the assent of our
mind to God (as the ancient Christians describe
it) a familiar converse, a holy discourse with
the Lord of all : the withdrawing of oiur minds
from this world, and all things in it; above
which it raises our thoughts, and lifts them up
unto the first and chiefest good : into Whose
company it brings us, and sets us in His blessed
presence ; that He may lift up the light of His
countenance upon us. For though it be the
expression of our deepest humility ; yet thereby
we are lifted up above the highest top of
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74 THE HONOUR OF BEING
heaven, and passing by angels, present our-
selves before the royal throne itself: as St.
Chrysostom^s words are upon this subject.
From whence we may learn, by the way, that
they little thought in those days of addressing
themselves to any of the ministers of the hea-
venly court, though never so high ; whom they
passed by, and went directly to the Divine
Majesty, as we may now, and ought to do.
This he represents in an excellent discourse
of his upon another subject, as the highest dig-
nity of Christians, of which the angels them-
selves are spectators, and very much admire
Uipi 'OuoHo-iis ^^^^ ^^^ honour is done us. " For
Tom. 1. p. 372. ^g jf jjj ^Yie presence of a great
army, before the captains, and great officers,
and consuls, an ordinary person be admitted to
the speech of the king, it fixes all eyes upon
him, and renders him the more illustrious and
venerable : so it is with those that pray to God.
For think with thyself, what a great thing it is,
for thee who art but a man, in the presence of
the angels, the arch-angels, the seraphim, the
cherubim, and all the rest of the heavenly host
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IN god's presence. 75
standing by, to be permitted to approach with
much confidence, and to speak with the King
of those powers. What honour is there that
can equal this ?"
Nor were the better sort of Pagans without
this notion of Prayer ; that it is our conductor
unto God, brings us into His Divine light ;
sets us in His presence ; draws Him to us by a
divine persuasive rhetoric, and powerful sym-
pathy with Him : nay, knits and unites us unto
the first Being; and moves His p„„„3i„p„t.
bountiful goodness to communicate '^'™"'"'"- ^- '•
all good things to us : it being the opening of
our souls to God, that He may fill us. To
this effect Proclus discourses.
And is not this the most incomparable hon-
our that can be done us, to be made thus
familiar with God? The higher any persons
are, the more we think ourselves ennobled, when
we are admitted into their society ; especially
if we may at all times have recourse unto
them, and be kindly received by them. By
which we may judge what account to make of
the honour to which we are preferred, by being
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76 THE HONOUR OF BEING
brought into the company of Him, Who is
higher than the highest. With Whose most
excellent nature to have true communion, is
the greatest perfection whereof we are capable,
either in this world or in the next.
And how is it possible to have serious
thoughts of Him, and not in some measure be
assimilated to Him, for while He is in our
mind, we are, for the present, necessarily made
such as He is ; holy and pure, gracious, and
merciful, tender, and kind, satisfied, and well-
pleased in all things. That is, we cannot think
of Him, without some transformation of our
minds into His blessed likeness, while we do
think of Him : of which more anon.
By which you may understand, that it not
merely an external honour, which is hereby
done us : but by devout Prayer we are naturally
endued with true greatness, and nobleness of
mind ; raised above these little things here,
(how great soever they seem in vulgar account)
by having a sight and feeling of an infinite
good. Unto which if it fasten us by faith and
by love, we are made the friends of God : who
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IN god's presence. 77
have no reason to envy the greatest persons in
this vi^orld ; but rather to look down with pity
upon them, if they be strangers unto God.
By conversing with whom, you may further
consider, our minds are both refined and spi-
ritualized, and also much widened and en-
larged : which are two most excellent qualities,
wherein devout Prayer improves us, by the
constant exercise thereof.
1. Our souls indeed are spiritual things:
but, being tied to these bodies, and thereby
engaged in worldly affairs, and fleshly con-
cerns, they grow earthly and sensual, dull, and
heavy, if we take not care to keep up their
familiarity, with their spiritual acquaintance
and kindred in the other world. This we do
by Prayer ; which is a continual exercise of
our most spiritual powers ; a daily conversa-
tion with spiritual things, even with the Father
of spirits Himself and His Divine perfections ;
and with the state and condition of our own
souls, both as they are now at present, whether
they lie in sin and wickedness, or be endued
with true holiness and goodness, and as they
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78 THE HONOUR OF BEING
will be in the other world, either in the bless-
edness of heaven, or in the torments of hell :
and with our Lord and Saviour, the great Judge
of all, who will sentence us either to the one,
or the other ; when He shall come in His own
glory, and in His Father's, and in the glory of
all the holy angels : and with the Holy Spirit,
the Inspirer of all good thoughts and fervour,
in our desires ; Who together with the Father
and the Son, is worshipped and glorified.
All which things being perceived only by
our minds, and by no other means, do very
little affect the hearts of those, who never lift
up their thoughts above this world, in Prayer
to God ; but appear most real and weighty
things to those that do. Particularly God's most
glorious perfections, and the incomparable glo-
ry, wherein our blessed Saviour shines in the
heavens at God's right hand, appear the most
lovely, the most beautiful, and every way the
most excellent objects, unto those that have
their minds and hearts fixed on them : as we
have, when withdrawing our thoughts from
sensible enjoyments, we apply them wholly to
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IN god's PRESExXCE. 79
converse with God, in praises of Him, and
thanksgivings to Him, and earnest desires after
Him. By which also we are made to under-
stand, of what consequence it is to our happi-
ness to be acquainted with Him, and with our
blessed Saviour, and with the Holy Ghost the
Comforter ; and we also daily improve that ac-
quaintance, and are made more conformable to
Him, as the only way to that happiness.
Which is excellently expressed by Origerij
upon those words of the Psalmist, " Unto Thee,
0 Lord, I lift up my soul." " The fancy of all
earthly things being discharged, and the eyes
of the mind lifted up, to think of God alone,
and to converse with Him, (who listens to us)
in a solemn and becoming manner : how can
they choose but be very much improved, ' be-
holding with open face the glory of the Lord,
and beincf transformed into the same imasre
from glory to glory.' For they partake at that
time of a certain Divine sort of intellectual in-
fluence, derived to them from God : according
to that, ' Lord, imprint the light of Thy coun-
tenance upon us.' Psalm iv. 6. The soul also
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80 THE HONOUR OF BEING
being lifted up aloft, both follows the spirit,
and is also separated from the body : nay, it
not only following the spirit, but being in it,
why should we not say, that it is carried above
itself, and ceasing to be a mere soul, becomes
spiritual ?"
Of such things, men that never pray to God,
or are seldom seriously conversant in this duty,
have no apprehension at all : but are perfectly
blind, and stupidly senseless of invisible and
spiritual enjoyments. Whereby their minds
are straightened and narrowed ; having no
thoughts beyond their own poor selves, and
that only in this present world : when they
that set their minds to a holy converse with
God in this spiritual duty, by this means,
mightily widen and enlarge them (which is the
other advantage I mentioned,) extending their
desires and cares so far, as to make them so-
licitous for the welfare of the whole world, both
now and for ever.
2. This is one of the greatest excellencies
of Holy Prayer, that it enlarges our spirits so
far, as to enable them to extend their charity
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IN god's presence. 81
to all men : which it is not in our power by any
other means to do. We approach unto infinity,
and immensity, in our desires and wishes, and
in our good will and readiness to benefit all the
world. Every part of which, though never so
far distant from us, we may help this way, and
express our affection to it : though we are so
contracted and limited in all other abilities but
this, that we know not how to serve them in
any thing else. Our Prayers alone can reach
them ; and there is no country nor people out
of their reach : but in these holy desires we
may stretch forth our souls to the furthermost
parts of the earth, and looking up to heaven,
draw down the blessing of God upon them.
By which we may learn the necessity, as
well as the excellency of Prayer. Without
which we grow strangers unto God and our
heavenly country ; dull, earthy, poor-spirited
and despicable things ; minding only ourselves,
and looking no further than this present world ;
and our particular concerns therein ; but by
the practice of which, we maintain our ac-
quaintance with God, and with the spiritual
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82 THE HONOUR GOD DOTH US.
world ; nay, become friends of God, and grow
great minded, heavenly, spiritual, able to look
beyond our little selves, nay, beyond all things
visible ; large, comprehensive, full of high
thoughts, and lofty designs ; possessed with di-
vine affections ; moved by truly noble ends,
fraught with generous desires, and transcendent
hopes; which fill our hearts with proportionable
comfort and satisfaction.
I conclude this with the words of St. Chry-
sostom, " As the sun gives light to the body, so
Prayer doth to the soul : and therefore if this be
the great calamity of a blind man, that he sees
not the sun ; what a loss it is to a Christian not
to pray continually, and by that means bring the
light of Christ into his soul ?"
O O
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THE PLEASURE OF THIS DUTY. 83
CHAPTER VII.
THE PLEASURE WHICH SPRINGS FROM THE SERI-
OUS PERFORMANCE OF THIS DUTY.
rriHE great man just now named, would
-*- have us when we pray, to think ourselves,
to be " in the midst of the holy angels ; and that
we are performing their service. For though
we are far removed from them in other things,
in their nature, diet, wisdom, and understand-
ing, yet, ' Prayer is the common employment
and business of angels as well as men.' By
which we are segregated from beasts and knit
to the angels, shall shortly be translated into
their polity, their manner of life, honour, no-
bility, wisdom, and understanding, spending
all our life in the service of God." Which is
a very pleasant contemplation, and a fit intro-
duction to the second thing, I undertook to
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84 THE PLEASURE OF
demonstrate ; how comfortable and truly de-
lightful it is to approach unto God, in such
holy thoughts of Him, and devout affections to
Him, as we are supposed to have, when we
make our Prayers, with praises and thanksgiv-
ings unto Him.
And here it may be sufficient to consider only
these two things.
First, this must needs be a delightful em-
ployment, because therein we "draw nigh to
God," as I have already said ; which is the de-
scription, the Holy Scriptures give us of it.
Secondly, in so doing, we commend ourselves
and all our concerns, unto the care of infinite
Wisdom, Power and Goodness: which is a
great part of the business of Prayer to God.
1. The former of these may be easily under-
stood, by considering, that " to draw nigh to
God," is to fix our minds on Him, and to lay
open our souls before Him, in whose presence
is fulness of joy, and everflowing pleasure.
That which produces pleasure in us, is the
application of our faculties unto suitable ob-
jects, with suitable operations about them.
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PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 85
And the nobler the faculties are, and the higher
the objects, the greater must the pleasure
needs be, which arises from their conjunction.
Now our minds and understandings are the
highest powers which we have ; and God is
the highest object on which our minds can fix ;
and therefore the application of our souls to
Him, by the thoughts and affections of our
minds (which are their operations) cannot but
produce the highest pleasiu-e ; as much above
all bodily pleasure, as our souls are above our
bodies, and God above all worldly things.
If we feel no such pleasure in our approaches
to Him, it is because our thoughts of God, and
our affections towards Him, are dull and life-
less. We do not stir up our souls to think
seriously of Him, when we fall down to wor-
ship Him : but suffer our hearts to be far off
from Him, when with our lips we draw nigh to
Him. For were our minds possessed with set-
tled thoughts of His Almighty Power, all-seeing
Wisdom, boundless Goodness, tender Mercy,
and careful Providence ; encompassing us and
all creatures, bestowing great benefits on us
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86 THE PLEASURE OF
now, and intending greater ; they would un-
speakably delight us. The smallest glance we
have of any of these infinite perfections, (which
we acknowledge in the beginninof of all our
public prayers) touches us, if we mind what
we say, with a singular pleasure : though we
cannot at that time, have more than a short
thought of them. And therefore what joy may
we not receive from hence, in our secret and
retired devotions ; when we may stay and look
as long as we please upon any of those Divine
attributes, which affect our hearts : delighting
ourselves in the thoughts either of His Power,
which nothing can control ; or of His Know-
ledge, from which nothing can be hidden ; or of
His wonderful Love, which thinks nothing
too great to give ; or of His over-ruling Provi-
dence, which makes all things work together
for good to those that love Him ; or of His im-
partial Justice, which in due season, will not
fail to render to all men, both good and bad,
according to their doings.
And when these pious thoughts stir up in us
the passions of love, and hope, and longings to
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PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 87
be more filled with such deliorhtful thoug^hts of
Him, and affections towards Him ; the plea-
sure must needs be exceedingly increased : as
every one may be convinced who are not so
ill-natured, as to have nobody, that they love in
this world. For they that have a faithful,
especially if he be also a powerful friend, find
nothincr so sweet and delicrhtful, as to love
him sincerely, and to be sincerely beloved by
him. And therefore to feel in our hearts an
ardent love to God, which naturally makes us
hope we are beloved by Him, cannot but give
us a taste of the most excellent of all other
pleasure. And proportionable to the degree
unto which our love arises, will be the comfort
and satisfaction that it yields.
Now, how can we choose but have this pas-
sion excited in us, and that to a high degree,
when we set ourselves to pray to God, and to
praise his Holy name ? For it is some degree
of love which is supposed to carry us to Him :
and when we are come into His presence, and
look upon Him, as Love itself. Who is good
to all, and hath been extraordinary kind to
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88 THE PLEASURE OF
US ; we cannot fail (if we act in this, as we do
in all other affairs) to feel a higher degree of
it ; proportionable to the sense we have of His
goodness unto us in particular, and of His uni-
versal goodness unto all creatures in general,
according unto their several needs and capaci-
ties. Of which universal goodness we should
Dr Bri ht's ^® Hiorc scnslble (as an excellent per-
T^eatlJofVrayer. ^^^ ^^^^ obserVCd) if WC did aCCUS-
tom ourselves to look upon His kindness unto
us, but as one single instance and example of
it ; and, by what He hath done for us, con-
ceive what He doth, and hath done for all in
their several kinds, which could not but raise
up in our minds the highest admiration of
Him, and such an ardent love to Him, as
would make us rejoice in Him for the present,
and repose an entire confidence in Him for
the future.
2. And that is the second thing ; by com-
mending ourselves to the love and care of
God's Almighty Goodness (which is one great
business of Prayer) we give our minds the
sweetest and most solid satisfaction. For
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PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 89
having entrusted ourselves and all our con-
cerns with Him, in an assured confidence of
His fatherly kindness to us, and faithful care
of us, we may comfortably look upon every
thing that befalls us, as certainly intended for
our good and happiness. And what a delightful
thought is this, even in the midst of all the
troubles of this life, if at any time they sur-
round us ? How pleasantly may we look upon
all things, even those which look sourly upon
us, and threaten mischief to us ; when we can
look upon them, as proceeding from the wise
orders of Him, on Whom we have cast all our
care, in a full belief that He careth for us ?
And thus we may and ought to believe, be-
cause He hath told us as much. And, if He
had not, we might have learnt it from our-
selves : who are at ease, and trouble ourselves
no farther, when we have commended our-
selves unto a powerful friend, and left all our
concerns in his hands ; with an undoubted
confidence in him, that he will do that which
is best, as far as he knows and is able ; that is,
far better than we could any way do for our-
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90 THE PLEASURE OF
selves. Now we are absolutely sure that God
knows and can do all things ; being no more
liable to any mistake, than He is defective in
His power, to do what He judges most con-
ducing to our good; which is more than can
be said of the highest creature in this world,
or in the other. And therefore, if we can
make Him our friend, as we may by com-
mending ourselves and all that we have unto
Him, with a pious trust in His mercy, and en-
tire devoting of ourselves to His service ; why
should not our heart be more at ease, freer
from all care and fear, and trouble, than we
are when a powerful friend hath taken us into
his protection 1 In as much, as there is no
friend like to God, who can give us such cer-
tain security as He doth, that all things shall go
well with us.
Let us try, and not deny ourselves this high
satisfaction ; by giving up ourselves to God,
and putting all we have into His hands ; be-
seeching Him to dispose of every thing belong-
ing to us, as He in His wise goodness sees
most meet ; and to dispense Himself to us, ac-
O . O
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PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 91
cording to the most just rules and measures of
His unerring Providence. For then whatso-
ever is cross to our natural desires, we may
most cheerfully and comfortably receive, be-
cause it comes from Him : and whatsoever is
agreeable to them, we may as certainly and
comfortably expect, if it be wholesome for us.
That is, we may be freed hereby from all grief
and trouble, and from all cares and fears : and
not only so, but be able to rejoice in the Lord
alway ; as St. Paul exhorts with a repeated
earnestness, Philipp. iv. 4. " Rejoice in the
Lord alway : and again I say rejoice." And
then adds the means thereof in the next verses
but one ; " Be careful for nothing : but in every-
thing by Prayer and Supplication with Thanks-
giving, let your requests be made known unto
God. And the peace of God which passeth all
understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds
through Christ Jesus."
But the greatest comfort of all will be, when
we quit these bodies, to think we shall lose
nothing very considerable thereby ; much less
lose our souls : but having fast hold of God,
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92 THE PLEASURE OF
be only closer knit unto Him, in that love
towards Him, and delight in His love towards
us, which we have continually exercised in
Prayer to Him. Which, as the better sort of
Pagans could say, is a familiar conference with
God, wherein we discourse with Him about
our translation from hence and return unto Him.
Concerning which if we never here confer
with Him, we shall be miserably to seek in the
other world ; when we find that we have lost
our acquaintance with Him, which we ought
by continual Prayer to have kept up and main-
tained. And then our hearts would have been
wonderfully full of satisfaction at our departure,
to think that we were going only to be better
acquainted with Him, and to perfect the friend-
ship we had here begun, by nearer communion
with Him in heaven.
This is the notion which Porphyry had of it ;
" we are here," (saith he,) " inclosed in this
body, as in a prison ; like children, separated,
and at a great distance from their parents ; who
ought to pray to the gods (as their language
was) who are their true parents, about their
Q_ (
PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 93
return to them. And whosoever they are, that
do not thus pray to them, will find . ^ „ , .
*^ J ' Apud. Procl. in
that they are no better than father- '^"°- ^- ^■
less, and motherless children ; who will have
none to take care of them, and be kind to them,
when they are loosened from these bodies to
which they are now chained.
A lamentable condition this ; whereby we
may understand the comfort of going to God
as an ancient acquaintance, when we go out of
this body. How joyfully may we go to Him,
with whom we have held a constant good cor-
respondence ; nay, maintained a sweet familia-
rity, by daily Prayer to Him ? which will not
let us doubt of a kind reception from Him, in
whose company we have delighted much to be,
while we were in this world ; and have long
desired to be nearer unto Him, and to be for
ever with Him.
This is some of the pleasure of their life,
who have a continual intercourse w4th heaven,
in serious Prayer to God. Who communicates
also, by His own immediate influences upon
holy souls who look up unto Him, such hea-
o-^-- ^ o
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94 THE PLEASURE OF
venly joy in this duty, as I am not able to de-
scribe. For who can doubt, that He frequently
illuminates their minds, and strengthens their
thoughts, to understand and perceive His
Divine perfections, more clearly and lively,
than they could of themselves : and thereby
raises up their love, and their hope, and their
joy, to a greater height of satisfaction ? Which
He increases also by secret touches upon their
hearts ; exciting all these beyond the pitch to
which our highest thoughts would advance
them.
But omitting this, I shall conclude this head
with the words of St. Chrysostom : which will
serve also for an introduction to the next.
" Prayer is the employment of angels; and
much exceeds even their dignity: as appears
by this, that they approach with great reverence
into the Divine presence ; teaching us to ad-
dress ourselves to God, with the like fear mixed
with joy. With fear, lest we should prove un-
worthy of this favour ; with joy, at the greatness
of the honour that is done us mortals, in permit-
ting us to converse continually with God. By
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PERFORMING THIS DUTY. 95
which we get out of this mortal and temporary
state, and pass over to immortal life : for he
that converses with God, must necessarily get
the better of death and corruption. Just as
those things that were always enlightened with
the rays of the sun, cannot remain in darkness ;
so it is impossible that they who enjoy familia-
rity with God, should continue mortal. For if
they who are taken into the society of a king,
and advanced to honour by him, cannot be
poor ; how much more impossible is it that
they who by Prayer have familiarity with God,
should have mortal souls ? Ungodliness and
an irregular life is the death of the soul ; there-
fore the worship of God, and a conversation
suitable to it, is its life. Now Prayer leads us
to a holy life, becoming the worship of God :
nay, it marvellously stores our souls with the
most precious treasures. Whether a man be
a lover of virginity, or study purity in a mar-
ried estate, whether he would suppress anger,
or purge himself from envy, or do any other
good thing ; Prayer is his conductor, and
smoothing the way for him, makes the course
t
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96 PLEASURE OF PERFORMING THIS DUTY.
of virtue ready and easy. For it cannot be that
they who ask of God Temperance, Righteous-
ness, Meekness and Goodness, should not ob-
tain their petition."
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THE BENEFITS OF PRAYER. 97
CHAPTER VIII.
THE GREAT BENEFITS WE RECEIVE BY SERIOUS
PRAYER TO GOD.
Xll^HAT force there is in Prayer, both to
' * make us and preserve us such as we
ought to desire to be, may be understood in
great part, by what hath been already dis-
coursed on the two foregoing heads. Wherein
I have represented, how it raises, spiritualizes,
widens, and greatens our minds ; filling us with
high thoughts ; possessing us with heavenly
affections ; satisfying us in the love of God ;
putting us into the Divine protection ; securing
us against all events ; and drawing down upon
us the Divine blessing. In short, it is a vast
improvement of our minds, by lifting them up
above themselves, as well as above this world :
and that not only for the present, but tying us
fast to God by a constant sense of Him, which
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98 THE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE
it is apt to leave upon our minds, it puts us into
a pious temper, and constantly disposes us both
to do aright, and to judge aright also.
For if we would know whether a thing be
good for us to have, we need but consider
whether we dare pray for it or no : and whether
a thing be lawful to be done we understand, by
considering whether we dare recommend it to
the Divine blessing, and beg His presence and
concurrence with us in it. This is commonly
a good direction : and will put a stop to us
in all bad proceedings. Nay, so great a power
there is in Prayer, that we perceive the good
it doth us, even before we receive that which
we come to ask. " For no sooner doth a man
lift up his hands to heaven," as St. Chrysos-
tom's words are, " and call upon God, but
he is snatched from this world, and translated
into the other, if he pray with care and dili-
gence : so that if anger boil in him, it is pre-
sently quieted ; if lust burnt, it is quenched ; if
envy gnawed, it is easily expelled. For as the
Psalmist observes that when the sun arises,
all the beasts of the forests lay them down
O O
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BY SERIOUS PRAYER. 99
in their dens, who in the night had crept forth :
so when Prayer goes forth out of our mouth,
the mind is enlightened, as with a certain beam
of hght, and all unreasonable and brutish pas-
sions steal away, and dare not appear : Nay, if
the devil himself was there, he is driven away ;
if a demon, he departs : provided we pray with
attentive and waking minds."
But I will sum up what I have to say on this
argument, in this single consideration. If it
be highly beneficial to be truly good, and god-
like, we are highly beholden to devout Prayer ;
which is a blessed instrument thereof. Now
all mankind cannot but agree in this, that it is
our highest perfection, and therefore nothing
ought to be more desired by us, than to be made
like to God in righteousness, goodness, and true
holiness ; unto which it is easy to shew, we
are formed by every part of Prayer. Whether
we acknowledge the Divine perfections (which
it is senseless to praise, and not to make our
pattern) or confess our own guiltiness (which is
a disowning and condemning all evil courses,)
or make an oblation of ourselves to Him that
c —6
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100 THE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE
made us (whereby we deliver up our wills to
His), or give Him thanks for His benefits,
(whereby we confess the obligations we have to
be wholly His), but especially when we petition
Him for pardon (which supposes we resolve to
be better), or for His Divine grace to assist us
to perform our duty faithfully : of which if we
have a serious desire, it will incline us and dis-
pose us thereunto (for all creatures endeavour
to accomplish their own desires), nay, it will
powerfully move us to pursue what we would
have, by such means as God, to whom we pray,
directs us to use for the obtaining thereof.
Nay, the very thought we form in our mind,
when we set ourselves to pray, that we are
going to God, to place ourselves in His pre-
sence who sees all things, even the most hid-
den motions in the secret recesses of our soul :
which accordingly frames itself to please Him,
as present to it, and inspecting it, and pene-
trating to the bottom of it ; searching the hearts
and trying the reins ; this thought, I say, and
the alteration it works in us, is of such great
advantage to us, that if we should suppose
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BY SERIOUS PRAYER. 101
him who prays to God to be a gainer no other-
ways, he ought (as Origen observes) to be
thought to have received no common benefit,
who thus reverently and piously disposes and
frames his mind, at the very time of Prayer.
By which how many sins are banished, and
how many good deeds are produced, they can
tell who apply themselves continually to pray
unto God, with such serious thoughts of Him.
For if the remembrance, and especially the
presence of an excellent man, stirs us up to
imitate him, and oft-times stops our inclinations
to that which is bad ; how much more profitable
will the remembrance of God the Father of all,
with Prayer to Him, be to those who persuade
themselves that they stand before Him, and
speak to Him from whom nothing can be hid-
den 7 This he confirms by many places of the
Holy Scripture ; and concludes that if we got
nothing else by Prayer, we shouuld be suffi-
cient gainers, by putting our minds into a pos-
ture to pray as we ought.
This may be farther demonstrated, by glan-
cing briefly upon every part of the Lord's
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102 THE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE
Prayer : which no man can put up to God with
understanding, with seriousness, and with fer-
vent desires ; and not be thereby made better.
For how can we call God " our Father," and
not reverence Him, and be filled both with a
filial fear of Him, and with love to Him, to-
gether with hope and joy in Him ?
How is it possible to desire His " Name may
be hallowed" by all ; and we ourselves con-
tinue to dishonour it ?
We do not sure desire His " kingdom"
should " come," and exempt ourselves from
His Government, and deny Him our obedi-
ence.
Nor pray that His " Will may be done," re-
solving to do as we will ourselves.
We cannot beg of God our " daily bread,"
and not rest contented therewith : much less
be insensible of His bounty, if He give us
more than daily bread, and bestow upon us,
perhaps, great plenty and abundance.
When we pray Him to " forgive us our
trespasses," we are at the same time taught to
forgive others ; or to hope for no pardon our-
b- o
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BY SERIOUS PRAYER. 103
selves ; and this is one of the hardest, though a
most reasonable and noble part of Christian
virtue.
When we pray God " not to lead us into
temptation ;" with what face can we think fit to
run into it ?
And when we beseech Him to " deliver us
from evil," especially from " the evil one ;"
we are strangely forgetful and careless, if we
run into those sins, which throw us into the
very mouth -of that roaring lion ; who goes about
seeking whom he may devour.
And, in the conclusion, who can acknowledge
that His " is the kingdom ;" that is. He rules
over all ; and yet not stand in awe of Him ; and
honour Him more than any earthly majesty ?
And that His " is the power ;" and not depend
on Him and trust Him in well doing ; but ex-
pect that He will subvert us in evil courses ?
And that His " is the glory,'' and not give Him
thanks for all His benefits, and use them to His
honour and glory, and the doing Him service in
the world?
That is, who can think seriously of all His
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104 THE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE
incomparable perfections, which are expressed
in those words, " Thine is the Kingdom, the
Power, and the Glory," and not have some
suitable affections in his heart, disposing him
to do that which is well pleasing in God's sight;
who hath it in his power to make us either
happy or miserable, for ever and ever 1
This is so plain a truth, that we cannot so
much as say a short grace before and after
meat, but it will dispose us, if we mind what
we say, to the practice of such Christian vir-
tues, as are proper at tHat season. We shall
not, easily that is, drink too much, or play the
glutton, (as St. Chrysostom observes ^^^
upon those words 1 Sam. i. 9,10.) A°"^Tom%.
" but the remembrance that we must pray to
God, when we have done eating and drinking,
will be a restraint upon us, and make us use
His good gifts in a convenient measure. For
a table begun with Prayer, and ending in
Prayer, cannot want any thing that is good :
and therefore let us not neglect so great a gain.
For is it not absurd, that when our servants,
who wait upon us, bow and give thanks, if we
6 6
O ^ Q
BY SERIOUS PRAYER. 105
reach to them any portion of that which is set
before us ; we ourselves, who enjoy so many
good things, should not pay this honour unto
God ; especially, since by that, we shall dispose
ourselves for greater blessings ? For where
Prayer is and giving of thanks there is the grace
of the Holy Spirit ; and the demons and all the
adverse powers fly away. He that is about to
pray, dare not speak any absurd thing; no not
in the midst of the meal : or if he do, he will
presently repent of it, when he comes to speak
to God. And therefore in the beginning, and
in the conclusion of our meals we ought to give
thanks to God ; for this cause especially : that
we shall not, (as was said before) easily fall
into drunkenness, if we be settled in this pious
custom. Which we ought not to omit, though
we should chance to be overtaken, and to rise
up from the table with our heads heavy, by too
much eating and drinking ; for though we off'end
now, we shall correct this shameful practice the
next time."
Thus that excellent man presses Prayer and
giving of thanks, upon such occasions ; as a
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106 THE BENEFITS WE RECEIVE
means to restrain us from those sins which are
then too common, when a sense of God doth
not govern our appetites, and preserve us in a
holy fear of offending so great a benefactor, as
He is continually to us. Whose grace the more
earnestly we desire, the more certain we are to
obtain it. For what can we suppose the good
God to love more than a soul that hungers and
thirsts after true righteousness ; which it ex-
presses by constant and hearty cries for it unto
Him, who hath promised it shall be satisfied
therewith ? Neither religion, nor common rea-
son will let us doubt, that He doth most willingly
communicate Himself to such thirsty souls j
and bestow this incomparable blessing upon
every one that importunately seeks it at His
hands. Let us but show Him, in our Prayers,
that we are sincere lovers of Him, and of all
goodness ; that we unfeignedly long to be better
ourselves, and to see all the world amended;
that to be pure and undefiled, we desire more
than any earthly pleasure ; that we would have
the " peace of God rule in our hearts ; and all
our things done with charity ;" in short, that
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BY SERIOUS PRAYER. 107
we would " be filled with all the fulness of
God;" but, as for all other things, we refer
ourselves wholly to Him, and desire them only
so far as they may conduce to our being, or our
doing good : and we may assure ourselves of
His gracious acceptance ; there being nothing
in heaven or earth more pleasing to God, than
this holy temper of mind and spirit. Which
therefore He will cherish, promote and increase,
(if our desires and endeavours after it continue
earnest and constant) till He hath brought it to
perfection. For, as St. Romanus told his per-
st-chrysost sccutors, " the sacrifice wherein God
Horn. 4«. Tom. i.^^j-gj^^g^ is B, soul that looks up unto
Him ; his only food, is the salvation of those
that believe."
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108 THE THREE FOREGOING
CHAPTER IX.
THE THREE FOREGOING CHAPTERS IMPROVED.
T^ EFORE I proceed to that which I farther
-'^ intend, it may be fit to consider these two
things.
First, that we want no incitement or encour-
agement to the serious performance of this duty
frequently.
Secondly, that we have a clear direction, in
what hath been said, to make a right judgment
of ourselves, whether we perform it as we ought
or no.
1. As to the former, let us consider how
we will answer it to God, if we be not mightily
excited, by what I have represented, to be fre-
quent and fervent in this holy duty : whereby
we may receive such great benefits, such true
comfort, and such high honour and preferment,
as to be admitted into the Divine presence,
O i
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CHAPTERS I3IPR0VED. 109
and to have society with the Almighty good-
ness, Who alone can fill our souls, and the
thoughts of Whom do really fill them and give
them satisfaction. Especially, when we have
any reason to believe that He loves us ; which
we have just cause to conclude, when we feel
that we heartily love Him : one proof of which
is, our loving to be much with Him, and de-
lighting in His company. From which we can
never depart unsatisfied ; but, carrying away a
comfortable belief that He is with us, and will
prosper and bless us, may pass our time de-
lightfully here in this world, and cheerfully
receive all events which at any time befal us,
and rest perfectly contented in every issue of
His wise and good Providence : unto which
we have commended ourselves with a full trust
and confidence, that it will dispose all things
to our advantage.
This the very heathen saw in some measure,
to be every man's interest as well as duty ;
inTimEco. wlilch madc Flaio most judiciously
resolve, that " all men, who have the least de-
gree of wisdom and sobriety, call upon God
c ^ 6
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110 THE THREE FOREGOING
when they begin to move towards any un-
dertaking, whether it be great, or whether it
be small." And to the same purpose is Por-
phyry his observation lono^ after ;
that " all wise men, in all nations, i°TimcBum.
have been very diligent and frequent in Prayers,
as a thing of mighty importance."
Which we Christians better understand than
they could do ; and therefore should think it
most advisable upon all occasions to apply
ourselves to God, about every thing both small
and great : because we believe Him to be the
Governor and Disposer of all things ; Who can
make them instruments of our grief and sorrow,
or of our joy and comfort, as He thinks good :
and because (it appears from what hath been
said on this subject) that so much of our life
in this world is celestial and divine, as we
spend in this exercise of Prayer to God.
Unto which therefore let both high and low,
rich and poor betake themselves, as to the
great instrument of their happiness here and
eternally.
Let the poor pray that they may be con-
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CHAPTERS IMPROVED. Ill
tented ; and the rich that they may be truly
thankful.
Let the low and the mean pray, that their
spirits may be raised and ennobled, enriched,
and well satisfied ; and let the great and noble
pray, that their minds may be humbled and
abased ; their hearts emptied of self-confidence,
pride, and contempt of others.
Let all pray that they may acknowledge
God, and maintain a sense of Him in their
minds, and give up themselves to His service,
and beseech His grace and favour suitable to
their conditions.
Let those who are still bad, pray to be made
good ; and they that are good, to be made bet-
ter. And if they really and heartily desire
what they ask, they will be more and more
successful in their desires. If they be not,
they may conclude their hearts were not
right with God : or they did not with becom-
ing earnestness and fervency apply themselves
unto Him (with a sense of their own great un-
worthiness) for His mercy and grace towards
them.
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112 THE THREE FOREGOING
2. For hereby, as I said, we may take a
measure of ourselves, whether we perform this
duty as we ought, or no. By which I have
shewn we may reap the greatest spiritual bene-
fits and comforts : and therefore, if we find
that our minds are more composed and settled,
if our hearts be more contented, if we be bet-,
ter satisfied in our condition, if we be more
resolved in our duty, more steadfast in well-
doing, more patient in sufi-ering, if we can
more" cheerfully submit ourselves to God, after
we have commended ourselves to Him, if we
be more in love with all that is good, and more
averse to every thing that is evil, it is a sign
that we have prayed aright, because our prayers
have done us good.
Let all that read this treatise, examine them-
selves upon this point. Are your minds made
more spiritual by your Prayers to God, the
Father of spirits ? Have you a greater sense
of Him remaining in your minds, and a more
lively sense of the other world and all the con-
cerns thereof? Are you raised above the petty
concerns of this ? Do you feel your souls en-
^^ ■ 0
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CHAPTERS IMPROVED. 113
larged in universal love and charity ? Can
you trust God more confidently ? Are you
less disturbed with fears and cares and such
like passions 7 Do your prayers make you
more just and merciful, more compassionate
and charitable, more candid and favourable to
others, more ready to do good, and to forgive,
forward to contribute what you can to the com-
fort and happiness of every one ?
Are your inordinate passions and appetites
not only curbed and restrained thereby, but
more subdued and mortified 1 Do your prayers
give you a taste of such pleasure in God, and
in holiness and goodness, as makes you desire
to be better acquainted with them, and to pre-
fer them above riches and honours, and all
manner of sensual pleasure ? Is pride, ambi-
tion, and vain glory, is malice, hatred and re-
venge, is anger and wrath, covetousness and
care for the things of this world, daily sup-
pressed and deadened ?
In short, do we find that our thoughts are
at rest in God and in His love ? Are our
hearts well pleased and satisfied in His favour
8
O •
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114 THE THREE FOREGOING
and grace towards us ? Is this the highest
boon we can beg of God, that we may be tho-
roughly and universally good ? And when we
find ourselves improving herein, and making
any advancement towards that perfection to
which we aspire, is it the greatest pleasure to
us of all other ? Are we abundantly satisfied
in this thought, that by God's grace and good-
ness to us, every thing shall do us good ? Are
our hearts set upon rectifying all disorders in
our souls, and provided we can but feel an
amendment, are we quiet and in peace, and
less concerned about external things, which
we cannot rectify according to our desires 1
Then it is certain our prayers have been truly
devout, and highly acceptable to God ; as we
may perceive by this blessed change in our
hearts.
Which if we do not yet feel, let it not quite
discourage us ; but only quicken our spirits to
more frequent and fervent Prayer : with greater
intention of mind, and due consideration what
it is we ought most to desire in our prayers to
1 God. And if we do not content ourselves
I
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CHAPTERS IMPROVED. 115
barely with so many prayers ; but long and
labour till they have their effect, in such an
alteration as I have mentioned, in our hearts :
they vi^ill at last procure this blessing, if we be
restless and earnest in our desires after it.
And therefore let us not slacken our endea-
vours herein; but setting our hearts upon
those graces which we ask of Him, let us pray
to him among other things, that He would
enable us every day to pray better, and to
more purpose; with stronger affections, and
more eager desires : such as will work our
hearts into a more exact conformity with Him-
self, and with our blessed Saviour ; and both
make us pure, and more in love with purity of
mind and body; more heavenly-minded, and
entirely satisfied in our heavenly acquaintance
with Him and with our Lord, and in the hope
we have at last to come unto Him, in that
happy place where there will be nothing left
for us to desire ; but all our prayers be turned
into praises of Him, and thanksgiving to Him,
Who hath accomplished our wishes and fulfilled
our petitions, by bringing us into His celestial
O <
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116 THE THREE FOREGOING
palace, and there providing mansions for us,
wherein we shall attend upon Him for ever.
Thus I have given a brief account of the
efficacy of Prayer to make us truly good.
Which is so evident a truth that St. Chry-
sostom confidently saith, " when I see a man
neglect this duty of Prayer, or that he hath no
love to it, no fervour in it, it is manifest to
me that he is owner of nothing worthy or ex-
cellent : but when I behold a man unwearied in
the service of God, and that doth not reckon
constant attendance upon God in Prayer,
among his greatest losses, I make account he
is a steadfast practiser of all virtue, and the very
temple of God. For it expels all vile and
base thoughts out of the mind; it persuades
us to reverence God, and the dignity to which
He advanceth us ; it teaches us to repel all the
enchantments of the evil one ; and raises our
mind so high, that we look down with despisal
and scorn upon pleasure : for this is the only
pride that becomes the worshippers of Christ,
not to submit to the service of any filthiness ;
but to preserve the freedom and liberty of
0 6
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CHAPTERS IMPROVED. 117
their souls in a pure life. Which it is impos-
sible to do without prayer : for who can exer-
cise any virtue, that doth not come and fall
down before Him frequently, who is the giver
of if? Who can so much as desire to be
sober or just, that doth not delight to con-
verse with Him, who requires these, and far
greater things from us ?
6-
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Part II.
OF PUBLIC PRAYER
CHAPTER X.
PUBLIC PRAYER MOST NECESSARY OF ALL OTHER.
XT is confessed by all who have a sense of
-^ God the author of their being, that they
were made to glorify Him. Which, in the
Scripture language, is another word for God's
worship and service ; consisting in \hose praises ,
thanksgivings, and petitions, which make up
the body of our prayers. By the first of
which we acknowledge God to be what He is
in Himself, every way most excellently per-
fect : by the second, we acknowledge the
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119
benefits He hath done unto us : and by the
third, we acknowledge our continual depend-
ence upon Him ; which by humble Prayer, we
confess to be so entire, that we cannot subsist
without Him. From which I have demonstrat-
ed, that thus to acknowledge God and our
dependence on Him, is a natural duty ; unto
which we stand bound as we are men, and
much more as we are Christians ; who are
made to know the great love of God in oiu:
blessed Saviour; by whom St. Paul ddsires,
" glory may be given unto Him in the Church
throughout all ages, world without end."
Ephes. iii. ult.
I shall now proceed to show, that we ought
not to content ourselves with the addresses we
make unto God in secret, or at home, but look
upon ourselves as bound to assemble and meet
together for this end; that we may publicly
acknowledge Him by our Prayers, Praises, and
Thanksgivings. Which I take to be contained
in those words of St. Paul now mentioned :
wherein he expresses his desire that glory
should be given to the Divine Majesty, in the
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120 PUBLIC PRAYER
Church, that is, in the assemblies of Christian
people (as I shall show hereafter) and that
not only in his days, but in all succeeding
times, as long as the sun and moon endure.
Unto this, we ought all to subscribe, and
say, Amen, as the apostle there doth ; and ac-
cordingly join together, with one consent, thus
to glorify God in this age, as Christians have
done in all the preceding : that we may trans-
mit the same practice unto those who come
after us in the future generation.
Which is a duty, I shall show as I pass
along, much more necessary, and more highly
acceptable unto God, than any private action
of this kind, which we perform to His Divine
Majesty. Unto whom we ought to resort in
our most secret retirements, as our Saviour
instructs us in those words, " When thou
prayest, enter into thy closet." But as this
doth not exclude, I have already said, the
public worship of God, so we ought not to
think it is equal thereunto ; but rather much
inferior to that divine service, which we per-
form in our solemn assemblies.
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THE MOST NECESSARY. 121
I am sensible how cross this is to many
men's conceits, and how much the contrary-
opinion hath prevailed, to the great detriment
of religion : and therefore I shall take the more
pains to make this good, that the public service
of God, ought, above all other, to be carefully
attended : or, that we ought not to satisfy our-
selves with the addresses we make to God at
home ; but make a conscience also, and chiefly,
to join in common Prayers and Supplications to
His Majesty.
And if the advantages and comforts of Prayer
be so great as I have represented, I doubt not
to work in the considering reader, the greatest
esteem of, and affection for, the public Prayers •
whereby those advantages and comforts may
be reaped far more plentifully, than by our
private devotions alone. This I shall prove
from three heads of arguments ; under which I
shall comprise all that need be said upon this
subject.
First, I shall make it apparent, by consider-
ing the nature of Prayer.
Secondly, by considering the nature of Man ;
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PUBLIC PRAYER NECESSARY.
Thirdly, the nature of a Church ; in which
Christian men are joined together, to have fel-
lowship with God, and one with another.
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GOD HONOURED BY PUBLIC PRAYERS 123
CHAPTER XI.
GOD IS MOST HONOURED BY PUBLIC PRAYERS.
TN considering the first of these, viz., the
-*- nature of Prayer, we may either look upon
it as an act whereby we honour God ; or as an
act whereby we seek our own good. And either
way the public Prayers, which many offer to
God with joint consent, will appear to have the
pre-eminence above all other.
First, I say, if we have respect to God in
what we perform in this holy duty, it is evident
He is much more honoured by our public ad-
dresses to Him, than He can be by any thing
we do in private ; there indeed we may wor-
ship Him very acceptably, and find the blessed
effects of it, in God's gracious communications
of Himself unto us, suitable to our necessities,
provided we do not neglect His public worship ;
which the private ought not to hinder but pro-
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124 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
mote, because in truth it is defective without
the public ; being only worship, but not honour,
glory, or service.
We read of all these four frequently in the
holy Scriptures, worship, honour, glory, and
service. The first of which may be performed
in the most secret place ; but the other three
have respect to what is done in public. In
our mind, indeed, we honour God, wheresoever
we worship Him, if we have a high esteem of
His excellencies : but we do Him no honour,
unless others see by outward signs and tokens
the inward regard we have to Him; or we
make the voice of His praise to be heard among
men. Then we " give Him the honour due
unto His name," when others are witnesses of
the esteem we have of His Divine perfections?
by such actions as naturally declare it ; viz.,
by our solemn reverend acknowledgment of
Him, in His public worship. Upon which if
we do not attend, men have reason to think we
are void of all sense of Him, and have no re-
spect to Him.
For the honour that is done to any one
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among men, is always a public thing ; as those
words of Saul to Samuel testify, " Honour me
before the elders of my people, and before
Israel." 1 Sam. xv. 30. Thus Haman under-
stood the word " honour," when Ahasuerus
said, " What shall be done unto the man,
whom the king delighteth to honour?" For
thinking with himself, there was none in whom
the king delighted so much as himself, he an-
swered, " Let the royal apparel be brought
forth, and the horse on which the king is wont
to ride, and set the man thereon, and let it be
proclaimed before him, thus shall it be done
to the man whom the king delighteth to
honour;" Esth. vi. 6, 7. For he knew, that
unless something was done in public, it would
be no honour to him that received it. For who
can tell what is in another's mind (in which
honour lies) without such external signs as are
real testimonies of his inward thoughts, opinion,
esteem, and affection.
Thus the angel instructs Tobias and his son
about the worship of God : " Bless God, praise
Him, magnify Him, bless Him for the things
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126 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
He hath done unto you, in the sight of all that
live. It is good to praise God and exalt His
name, and honourably," (or with honour as
the words are in the Greek) " to show forth
the works of God. Therefore be not slack to
praise Him ; it is good to keep close the
secrets of a king ; but it is honourable to re-
veal," (or to publish) " the works of God."
Tob. xii. 6, 7. Which is the sense of the
Psalmist ; " One generation shall praise Thy
works to another, and shall declare Thy
mighty acts. I will speak of the glorious ho-
nour of Thy Majesty ; and of Thy wondrous
works." Psal. cxlv. 4, 5.
And what hath been said concerning honour-
ing God, may in like manner be affirmed of
giving Him glory ; that it is done by public
actions : it being nothing else but the publish-
ing and spreading the fame of His Divine per-
fections, or of His woudrous works. This
we learn, as from many passages in the Psal-
mist, so from our blessed Saviour Himself.
Who a little before His departure from this
world, lifted up His eyes to heaven, and said,
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. 127
" Father, I have glorified Thee on earth :"
John xvii. 4. that is, made Him known to be
what He is, published His whole will and plea-
sure, and done whatsoever He commanded
Him. And in like manner told His apostles,
" Herein is my Father glorified, if ye bear
much fruit :" John xv. 8. in publishing, that is.
His holy gospel, and bringing many to the be-
lief of it. Which is sufficient to show, that if
we do not honour God by what we do in pri-
vate, much less do we glorify Him, which
wholly refers to proclaiming His name, and
setting forth His praise.
And from all this it follows that we cannot
be said to do Him any service, by our private
addresses to Him : whereby we only serve
ourselves. For then we serve Him by our
worship, when we openly acknowlege Him,
and own Him to be what in(ieed He is, the
the great Creator and most wise Governor of
the world : who therefore (we hereby testify
and declare) ought in our opinion, to be wor-
shipped by all men, with the same reverent
regard which we pay unto Him.
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128 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
In brief, we do Him honour, when we openly
declare with what blessed company we read of
in the Revelation iv. 11. that He is " worthy
to receive glory, and honour, and power : for
Thou, O Lord," (say they) " hast created all
things, and for Thy pleasure they are and were
created."
Then we also glorify Him, when we declare
His " greatness, and goodness, and speak of
the glory of His kingdom, and talk of His
power. Worshipping the Lord in the beauty
of holiness," or in his glorious sanctuary ; as
the Psalmist speaks Psal. xxix. 2. cxlv. 6, 11.
And hereby we serve Him very much, and
do something, which promotes His interest in
the world ; whereas all that we do in private
only promotes our own.
This I shall explain in three particulars.
1. The public worship of God doth Him
great service, by maintaining a sense of God
in the world, and preserving the notion of
Him ; which would be in danger to be lost,
if His worship were only in secret, or among
a few persons privately, where nobody knew
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. 129
what they did, but they themselves. Such
close and retired devotion would have no power
to uphold and keep up a religious regard to
the Almighty Creator of all things among
His creatures. All that it could do, must be
upon those particular men themselves who
secretly worshipped Him ; but upon others it
could do nothing at all : for how could that
preserve the knowledge of God, which was
not itself known ? And how prone would
men be to conclude, that the being of God
was only a dark fancy in some men's minds;
whose single opinion could have no authori-
ty at all, but rather be despised, as being
ashamed to own itself, or having no public
approbation ? Which the public worship of
God gives it ; and not only supports the be-
lief of God's Being, in men rs minds, as the
common sense of mankind, but is apt to strike
men with some awe of Him, when they see a
great many, with humble devotion and reve-
rence, with bended knees, and eyes lifted up to
heaven, paying their solemn acknowledgments
to His Majesty. Especially when they see
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GOD IS MOST HONOURED
Him thus adored by men of the greatest place,
and in the highest reputation for wisdom and
knowledge : who will have a heavy account
to give unto the supreme Lord and Judge of
all, if they do not contribute to the upholding
His authority among men, by frequenting the
public assemblies, and by their reverend de-
portment there.
H. Whereby not only a sense of Him in
general is preserved ; but a sense also of His
greatness and magnificence (as I may call it) is
bred and nourished in men's minds. Who
joining as one man in the same service, are
taught not only that God is, but what He is,
infinite in all perfections. For when a multi-
tude of people meet together, even as many
as a spacious place can contain, to worship the
same Being ; it doth most naturally signify and
declare, that He is exceeding great and glo-
rious, Whom so many own for their Lord ; upon
Whom they depend for all they have or can
have ; which is not signified or represented,
when only one, or two, or a few, pray to Him.
Therefore this is a reason, both that we
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. 131
should hold public assemblies, and that they
should be as full as is possible, and all who be-
long to them should crowd unto them, to testify
that they look upon Him who is there wor-
shipped to be the " great King over all the
earth," as the Psalmist speaks, xlvii. 2. For
great numbers meeting together to do their
homage to Him, it is the most natural sign
that can be contrived (which private worship
is not) that we take Him to be the Sovereisn
of the world, the Lord of all, above all, good
unto all, in one word, the common Parent of
us all, to Whom we resort for His blessing.
This is a demonstration that Public worship
is to be preferred before all other, because most
suitable to His most excellent Majesty ; the
best token of the higli thoughts we have of
Him ; the utmost we are able to do, to testify
how great and how good we believe Him to
be, how able and willing to help us all, as
being equally related unto all.
And the more meet together for this end,
the better this is declared, that He cannot be
honoured and glorified enough ; but we stand
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132 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
in need of the united thoughts and affections
of all mankind, could they be assembled at
once, to magnify His incomparable perfec-
tions.
Nay, if all the creatures in heaven and in
earth (as a very worthy person observes) could
meet together in one body, to worship Him,
at the same time and in the same place, it
would still be much better, because more suit-
able to His most excellent Majesty ; being
still a better signification of His infinite per-
fections, and of His vast dominions, which He
governs with inconceivable wisdom, and takes
care of with a most provident goodness.
And though no one place here on earth, is
big enough to contain so much as one nation,
or country, or great city ; yet we meeting in
several places of the same kind, and set apart
for the same purpose, to worship Oodj at one
and the same time, it approaches something
near unto this ; all the people that are under
one and the same government, hereby setting
forth God's praise together, at the very same
moment, and in the like, though not the very
, (y
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. . 133
same individual place ; where they uniformly
acknowledge Him with joint consent to be their
common preserver and benefactor. Which is
far more agreeable to the perfection of His
most excellent nature, than the single or pri-
vate applications that are made to Him : in
which there is no sensible declaration made
what He is able to do for all : but only what
He is able to do for one, or for a few.
For which reason the universal Church an-
ciently observed certain set hours of Prayers ;
that all Christians throughout the world might
at the same time join together to Ongen Utp)
glorify God ; and some of them 35
were of opinion, that the angelical host, being
acquainted with those hours, took that time to
join their prayers and praises with those of the
Church. For common reason led them to
this thought, that those noble creatures are
highly concerned to set forth, to the utmost of
their power, the glorious honour of God's Ma-
jesty ; Who, as He is exalted above all blessing
and praise, so hath the utmost pitch of praise,
to which creatures can reach, given unto Him,
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134 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
when the whole family of heaven and earth
combine together at once to worship Him.
Thence it was that the Psalms of David,
though many of them particularly concerned
himself, were directed to the chief Musician,
for the public service ; as the way " to make
His praise glorious." So the Psalmist speaks
in Psalm Ixvi. ; which begins with a desire
that " all lands would make a joyful noise unto
God, and sing forth the honour of His name,
and make His praise glorious." That is, this
was the way to do soinething suitable to the
surpassing glory of His Majesty. For " great"
(saith he elsewhere) " is the Lord, and" there-
fore " greatly to be praised in the city of our
God." Psal. xlviii. 1. He was not " greatly
praised," suitably to His greatness, unless it
were in that place where they all met together
to praise Him. No, the very private blessings
bestowed on David, he would have publicly
celebrated by all the people. And therefore
doth not only say, " I will bless the Lord at
all times. His praise shall be continually in my
mouth. My soul shall make her boast of the
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. 135
Lord," but adds, " 0 magnify the Lord with
me, and let us exalt His name together." Psal.
xxxiv. 1, 2, 3. And therefore much more
were the common blessings poured on them
all, to be thus acknowledged, and His " praise
sung in the congregation of saints," as the
words are, Psal. cxlix. 1., that is, by all the
people of the Jews. Nay, by all the people
on the face of the earth, as he speaks, " O
praise the Lord, all ye nations ; praise Him all
ye people." Psal. cxvii. Which St. Paul
shews in Romans xv. 11., was accomplished ;
when the Gentiles submitted themselves to
Christ, and became members of his Church,
therein to praise Him continually in their pub-
lic assemblies.
HL In which the sense of God will not
only be preserved, suitable to His most excel-
lent greatness and goodness ; but preserved
pure and sincere ; free from those dangerous
mixtures which may sooner creep into it, to
corrupt and embase it, if He should be wor-
shipped only in private. Where every man
may frame conceits of the divine Majesty,
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136 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
agreeable to his own inclinations, and there is
no such way to j^revent or correct them, as by
attending upon the public offices of religion.
Into which, errors are not so easily admitted,
because men are naturally careful about that
which they expose to the public view ; not
being willing themselves to appear before
others with such neglect, as they are some-
times found in when they are alone. Or, if
there be any thing dangerous admitted there,
it will soon be discovered, and if not redress-
ed, yet opposed by good men ; as all corrup-
tions have been at their first appearance,
though in process of time they have prevailed.
They began in private ; and from thence,
by degrees adventured to appear in public :
where they would have appeared sooner, if the
common sense of mankind, or of Christian
people had not been against them.
There is nothing so sound, but in time it
may be tainted ; yet it is likely the longer to
remain sound, when there is a public care
about it. And, besides, when it is corrupted,
it is not in so many things, as it would have
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BY PUBLIC PRAYER. 137
been, had the service of God been left only to
every man's private management; for then
there may be as many false imaginations as
there are men, and the whole body of religion
entirely depraved.
As it is an act therefore, whereby we do
honour unto God, Prayer ought to be public ;
that it may he- seen we own Him, and honour
Him ; and that He may be honoured suitably
to His transcendent greatness, and His univer-
sal goodness. Which require that He be uni-
versally acknowledged, as not merely a jmrti-
cular Benefactor, but as the common Father of
us all ; Whose munificence is declared to be
the greater, when He hath a number of clients,
and as many thankful serv^ants ; who come to-
gether upon the same business to proclaim His
praise, and shew forth the wonderful works
He hath done for them.
In sum, as a great multitude of poor people
constantly waiting at the gates of a house,
speak him that dwells in it, to be far more
liberal and bountiful, than he would be be-
lieved, if few or none were seen expecting
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138 GOD IS MOST HONOURED
there ; even so do the assemblies of pious sup-
plicants and devout worshippers spread the
fame of God's inexhausted goodness far and
near ; of which there is no notice at all when
few or none tread in the courts of His house,
but content themselves with a private attend-
ance on Him. This very much damps the
sense of God ; at least of His infinite greatness
and goodness ; and as it represents Him after
a poor and mean fashion ; so endangers the
propagation of such notions of Him, as will
disparage and dishonour Him,
For which reason there is no serious Chris-
tian, who lays things to heart, but must needs
be grieved and sigh, to see such stately struc-
tures, as our cathedral churches (which are
built to contain a multitude of worshippers,
and to represent the inconceivable greatness of
Him who is there worshipped) so very empty
and void of people, in our daily assemblies ; as
if we had forsaken God, or had lost all sense
of the honour that is due unto Him. This is
a thing very much to be lamented, and speedily
amended, lest God forsake us, and make us a
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139
reproach, saying, as the Prophet speaks, that
He hath no delight in us ; because we have dis-
honoured His holy name, and take no delight
in His divine service.
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140 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
CHAPTER XII.
PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US.
T ET US now proceed to consider the second
-*— ^ part of this argument ; which hq,th re-
spect unto Prayer as an act whereby we seek
our own good ; and it will appear as plainly,
that the public Prayers contribute most unto it.
If we had no other reason to assert this, but
that now named, it were sufficient, that God is
hereby most honoured. For whatsoever doth
Him most honour, will certainly do us most
good, according to His own maxim ; " him that
honoureth Me, I will honour : but he that des-
piseth Me, shall be lightly esteemed," 1 Sam.
ii. 30. But we have other reasons also, to de-
monstrate that if we have respect to ourselves
in our Prayers, and the good we derive thereby
upon our souls and bodies, and all our concerns,
it leads us to the public Prayers, as likely to be
most prevalent.
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 141
I. For first, we may pray there with much
more confidence, than we can in those private
petitions we put up to God ; both because the
things we ask publicly are approved as needful
and good in the judgment of all ; and are also
sought for and desired by a common consent.
And therefore we may be the more assured,
they are good for us, and being so, shall be be-
stowed upon us.
This is a thing of very great moment in
Prayer, to have a confidence of being heard,
which we cannot have, as St. John teaches us,
unless we not only " keep God's command-
ments, and do those things which are pleasing
in His sight," 1 John, iii. 22. but also " ask
according to His will," ver. 14. Now the
matter of our Prayers cannot be so well war-
ranted to be " according to God's will," when
they are only of private conception, as it is
when they have the stamp of public authority :
and therefore in our single devotions, we must
needs fall short of that degree of confidence,
which we may have when we join in Prayer
with all our Christian brethren ; who agree to
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142 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
ask the same thing, with a settled belief that it
is agreeable to His will.
Common reason, and much more Christian
humility, teaches us to suspect our own private
understanding : which cannot give us such as-
surance that a thing is good, and wholesome,
and necessary for us, as the universal opinion
of all our brethren about it, doth work in us.
Which is one advantage of joining in public
Prayers, wherein all agree, as being formed by
the public judgment of the governors of the
Church, and accepted by the generality of God's
people, and found, by long observation, to con-
tain nothing but what is fit to be asked of the
Almighty goodness.
II. There are some things indeed, which
every one may be assured, are undoubtedly ac-
cording to God's will; and there are those who
fancy that authorized Prayers may as well be
put up to God at home, as in the church. But
it is farther to be considered, that the united
force of a great many persons who join in a
petition, is far stronger and more prevalent,
than the address of a single supplicant. All
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 143
\ mankind are of this opinion, in the addresses
they make to earthly princes ; from whom they
hope more easily to obtain their suit, when
they come in a body, and present the petition
of a multitude, than when one or two make
the same request unto them. An example of
which, I remember St. Chrysosiom presses
his people withal, while it was fresh in their
memories, to make them understand the mighty
power of that Prayer which is ii)ade, with the
common consent of all. " About ten years
ago, (saith he,) you know their were several
persons apprehended, who affected empire, and
conspired to subvert the present government.
One of whom, who was of great eminence,
being led forth to execution, with a rope in his
mouth, the whole city ran into the circus where
the Emperor then was, and by their common
cries pacified his anger, and obtained a pardon
for him, who deserved none. And if to appease
the wrath of an earthly prince, you all run
forth with wives and children to deprecate his
displeasure ; why do you not all concur to
obtain mercy of the King of heaven, not for
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144 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
one, (as in the case now named) or two, or
three, or a hundred, but for a world of sinners ?
That God having a respect to your common
Prayers offered with joint consent, may release
to them their punishment, and absolve you from
your sins ?
Such petitions the ancient Christians thought
so powerful, that they supposed they could
obtain anything of God ; by combining, as it
were, together to seek His favour in the com-
mon Prayers of the Avhole assembly. " We
Apoiog. cap. come " ssiiih Tertullian, "by troops
to make our Prayers to God ; that
being banded, as it were, together we may with
a strong hand sue to Him for His favour. This
violence is grateful unto God." It is a force
which he loves, and such pressing supplicants
are welcome to His Majesty.
To the same purpose St. Awhrosr speaks in
his book of repentance, as Mr. Hooker hath
observed : " many of the meanest being gath-
ered together unanimously, become great.
And it is impossible the Prayers of many
should be contemned." Which Avas a notion
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ADVANTAGEOUS UXTO US. 145
SO much rooted in the Jewish nation, that
they have an opinion " the Prayers of the con-
gregation were always heard ; but ^^^ ^,^^^„
not so the Prayers of particular '^' ^"'
persons in private ;" as JMr. Thorndike ob-
serves out of Maimonides .
But we have no need of their opinion, or
any one's else to justify this, that there is the
greatest force in the public Prayers, of many
joining their desire in the same petitions.
For St. Paul, (who might presume to have
as much power with God, upon his own single
interest in Him, as any man whatsoever;) yet
thought th.e Prayers of a great number of
Christians, would do Him more service. And
therefore frequently begs of the Churches, that
they would assist him with the earnest Prayers
to God for him. Thus he writes to the Ro-
mans, " Now I beseech you, brethren, for the
Lord Jesus Christ's sake, and for the love of
the spirit" (observe how passionately he desires
this) " that ye strive together with me" (it is
such a kind of phrase, as that I mentioned
of Tertullian^s) " in your Prayers to God for
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146 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
me ; that I may be delivered from them that
do not believe in Judea ; and that my ser-
vice which I have for Jerusalem, may be ac-
cepted of the saints." Rom. xv. 30, 31. And
to the Corinthians, " You also helping to-
gether by Prayer for us, that for the gift be-
stowed upon us, by the means of many per-
sons, thanks may be given by many on our
behalf." 2 Cor. i. 11. Where h,e plainly
acknowledges, it would be much to his ad-
vantage, if many did contribute their help, both
in Prayers, and in Thanksgivings on his be-
half. Nay, he should be able, he thought, to
preach the gospel better, and with more au-
thority as well as freedom, if the common
Prayers of Christian people were not wanting
on his behalf. " Continue in Prayer, and watch
in the same with thanksgiving : withal, praying
also for us, that God would open us a door of
utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for
which I am in bonds : that I may make it
manifest as I ought to speak.' Coloss. iv. 2,
3, 4. Behold how solicitous St. Paul was to
have the benefit of the Church's common'
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 147
Prayer. And how great a man was he ? In-
ferior to none, but rather as St.
Horn; xxxiii.
Ckrysostom describes him, " the JZe'-fitrSm
very best of men ; the teacher of '^^^^'^'
the world ; who speedily passed, as if he had
wings, over sea and land ; that chosen vessel ;
the spokes-man of Christ, to espouse souls to
Him ; the planter of Churches ; the wise mas-
ter-builder; the preacher, racer, &c. ; who left
monuments of his virtue all the world over ;
who was snatched into the third heaven, be-
fore the resurrection ; who was taken up into
paradise ; whom God made partaker of inef-
fable mysteries ; who received a more abund-
ant grace ; and laboured more abundantly
than they all :" this man begs for the public
Prayers, and could not be satisfied, unless he
was commended by them to the grace of God.
A sign that he looked upon them as most effi-
cacious ; for " though God" (as Grotius excel-
lently observes, upon Matth. xviii. 19.) " oft-
times grants to one man's Prayers, that which
he asks, yet to many who unanimously join in
the same petitions, He gives, both more wil-
-o
Horn, xviii,
i2 Cor
148 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
lingly, and more largely, and more speedily."
Which, by the way, is an unanswerable rea-
son, why the public Prayers ought to be in a
known tongue, that all may join in desiring the
same thing : and by their united desires pre-
vail for the greater blessing. Hear St. Chry-
sostom ; whose words upon the 2 Cor.
viii. 24. marvellously illustrate this
and all that I have said. Where the apostle
exhorting them to shew to those, whom he had
sent, a proof of their love before the Churches,
he interprets it, " in the public assemblies."
And then adds ; " and this is no small matter ;
for great is the power of an assembly, or of the
Churches. Behold what their Prayer can do ;
it loosed the bonds of Peter ; and it opened the
mouth of Paul. They that are about to be
ordained therefore beg the Prayers of the con-
gregation ; in like manner for those who are
possessed, and for those that are in penance.
Prayers are made by the whole Church ; and
not by the priest only. They all say one and
the same Prayer, a Prayer full of compassion.
For in this the people are concerned as well as
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 149
the priest, they praying for him, as he for them.
He saith, ' The Lord be with you ;' and they
answer, ' and with thy spirit.' And what won-
der is it, if they pray with the priest, when they
send up the holy hymns of the Church, in
common with the cherubims, and the powers
above ?"
This that good Father repeats very often,
and I wish it were imprinted in all our minds,
and did sink down into all our hearts. " The
Common Prayer of the Church can ^^^ .^.. ^^
do much ; when we offer up those ^°^' *"''°''''-
Prayers with an afflicted soul, and with a bro-
ken and contrite heart." The same, j^ ^^. ^^^^
Origen tells Celsus, in words wor- ^'^"' ^"^^
thy to be remembered. " If when two of us
on earth agree together to ask anything, it is
granted by the Father of the just, who is in
Heaven, (Matth. xviii. 19.) for God delights in
the symphony and agreement of rational crea-
tures, and is displeased with their discord and
disagreement, what might we not expect, if not
only, as now, a very few, but the whole Roman
empire agreed together to sue for the Divine
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150 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
favour ? They might pray to Him that said
heretofore to the Hebrews, when the Egyp-
tians pursued them, " The Lord shall fight for
you, and ye shall hold your peace," Exod. xiv.
14. And praying most unanimously, obtain
greater victories than Moses then did by his
Prayer to God for help."
HI. But farther we are to consider, how
much our zeal and devotion is naturally in-
flamed by public assemblies : which is' a thing
of great power in Prayer. For it is that which
the apostle calls praying in the spirit, and
praying in the Holy Ghost : with fervent, that
is, and inflamed desires, such as the Holy
Ghost excites, when it is pleased to breathe
upon our souls.
Now this, as I said, is even naturally stirred
up, by the fervour of those devout worshippers,
with whom we join our petitions. For who can
see a great many good people fall down to-
gether, and kneel before the Lord their maker,
with hands and eyes lifted up to Heaven, im-
ploring His grace and mercy (which are things
supposed in Christian assemblies) and not be
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 151
thereby put in mind, that is a matter of great
concernment, about which they are so earnest ?
Nay, be mightily moved to prostrate himself in
like manner, to worship the great Lord of all,
and to make Him the same acknowledgments ;
which are as much due from him as from any-
body else in the world 1
Were a man never so dull, or backward to
religious worship, it is impossible but he
should be in some measure affected, when he
comes among a multitude whose reverend
and serious behaviour in the divine service,
testifies the inward respect they have in their
minds, unto that Almighty Being whom they
so devoutly worship. It would certainly not
only put him in mind of his duty ; but incline
him, with the like signs of humble and hearty
devotion, to cast down himself, in His blessed
presence.
And the greater signs of ardency of desire,
and warmth of affection, there appears in those
with whom we are assembled, the more feeling
we shall naturally have of it ourselves : it
being impossible to be quite cold by the fire
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152 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
side, and jto have no touch of zeal, when we
are in the company of those, who manifest a
vigorous flame of divine love in their hearts.
Besides, it is a comfortable sight barely to
behold a great company gathered together, to
own one and the same Father ; who therefore
cannot but look upon one another as brethren.
This is St. Hierome's observation.
In iv. Galat.
" the greater joy arises m every heart,
by the very mutual sight of each other." For
so it is when friends meet together ; they re-
joice to see the faces one of another ; they
bless the occasion that brought them into one
and the same place, and the more there are
of them, the greater rejoicing is there among
them.
Now joy enlarges the heart, and dilates our
spirits ; it makes them spread so much, that
sometime we can scarce contain them, but are
transported beyond ourselves. As on the con-
trary, sorrow and sadness contracts and shrinks
up the spirits ; flats and deadens them so much,
that we have scarce any life left in us. Upon
which account the spiritual joy and gladness I
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ADVANTAGES UxMTO US. 153
spoke of, arising from the sight of so many-
Christian neighbours and friends, is a very-
great help to us in our devotion ; making us to
pour out our souls, as the Psalmist speaks,
with the more enlarged desire. It is but a
dull and melancholy thing to be alone ; in
comparison with the cheerfulness, which a
great company, of the same mind and spirit,
naturally excite in each other's breasts.
By which we may understand also the ad-
vantage of full assemblies in our churches ;
which look more lovely, and therefore quick-
en more than a thin, scattered congregation.
Which is a damp to Christian spirits, because
it is a very sad sight to behold the divine ser-
vice neglected, as it is, where they are but
few that come together, to do God honour.
The sum of this argument is, that as no man
is so warm alone as in a crowd, so our spiritual
fervour is more quickened in an assembly of
pious worshippers, than it is apt to be when
we are retired by ourselves. Where we ought
indeed to awaken our thoughts, and stir up
our affections ; but it must be acknowledged
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154 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
that we want then a great help and spur there-
unto ; which is the holy zeal of those who join
with us in the same petitions in the public
assemblies, especially the seriousness, the gra-
vity, and earnestness of him, who ministers
the service of God there : which together with
the authority of his office, the sacredness and
majesticness sometimes of the place, set apart
entirely for such services, is apt to raise in us
more ardent devotion, than we can easily raise
in ourselves alone,
IV. But if we had the same advantages of
this kind when we are alone (which we have
not) yet there is one more, which wholly
arises from our frequenting the public assem-
blies. And that is the good example we give
to others ; who may be hereby moved to be-
come religious.
What we do alone, nobody sees ; nor is it
intended that they should, but rather that it
should kept be secret. And therefore it can
be no inducement unto others to do their
duty ; but is the bare discharge of our own.
For which cause it is the less valuable, because
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 155
it doth less good, for that is the best thing,
which doth the most universal good. By
which measure, if we judge of Prayer, we
must prefer the public ; whereby others are
put in mind of their duty ; nay, attracted to it
by our example : whereas we ourselves alone
are profited by what we do alone.
It may be said indeed that we do good to
others by praying for them. But this is a very
small good in comparison ; because it is more
than they know ; and while we neglect the
public service, we do them more mischief,
tban we can be supposed to do them good, by
our private Prayers. For we bring religion
into contempt, when it hath few or none that
attend the public offices of it, and we let them
want, as I said, the force of example, to
awaken them out of that careless neglect of
God, which is too common in the world.
This is an argument that should prevail very
much with all good minds, both to frequent
the public service of God, and to behave
themselves with an awful reverence therein.
Which will have some effect upon the looser j
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156 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
sort, who now are hardened in their impiety,
by the emptiness of our churches at the time
of solemn worship, or by the negligence of
their behaviour, who vouchsafe to attend upon
it. A multitude sways very much either way,
to incline men to be good, as well as to be
bad. It is hard to resist numerous examples.
They are able to bring devotion, as well as
other things in fashion.
But if our example have not this effect on
others, we have notwithstanding done the best
we could to advance the service of God in the
world ; which will be a great comfort to us at
present, and turn to our good account here-
after. We have let our light shine before
men, we have testified openly to the truth of
religion ; we have expressed our affection to
it, and reproved the impiety of those who re-
gard not God ; yea, we put a stop to the pro-
gress of this impiety ; we hinder its growth
and increase, by wresting a great argument out
of their hands against religion, which is, that
there are few who are religious.
If that then be good for us, whereby we do
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNUO US. 157
the most good for others, which is an un-
doubted truth, we ought to be most in love
with the public prayers. That we may invite
others, by our constant attendance on them, to
join with us in giving God the honour that is
due unto Him, and free ourselves from the guilt
of other men's sins, which we draw upon our-
selves, when by giving little or no public sign
of our devotion, we tempt them to become or
continue irreligious. For as by performing our
duty alone by ourselves, we do only ourselves
good, but profit not others ; who receive great
benefit by our public devotion : so if we should
at any time neglect our duty alone, we thereby
hurt only ourselves ; but by neglecting the pub-
lic service of God, we hurt all that are near us
by our pernicious example : tempting them to
think that religion is only a private fancy,
which some men have taken up, without any
reason ; for were it a reality all men would be
concerned to maintain and uphold it, the best
they can, in the world.
Thus I have given an account of the first
argument for the necessity of public Prayers,
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158 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
taken from the nature of Prayer itself: both
as it respects God, and ourselves. By which
it appears, that all those motives which I used
in the first part of this book to persuade us to
Prayer in general, are most efficacious to draw
us to the public worship of God. There being
no greater honour, than to be known to be the
servants of the most High, by attending upon
whose public service our minds are enlarged,
unto great and worthy thoughts of God ; and
our affections stirred up to the highest admi-
ration of Him, and love to Him, Who provides
for so many as there wait upon Him, nay,
dispenses His blessings to the whole universe,
which we commend unto Him. Whereby our
hope and confidence in Him is also exceed-
ingly advanced, though we had never such
great things to ask of Him ; having the united
force also of a great many petitioners to
strengthen it, who joined together to solicit His
favour. Which there likewise we are natu-
rally inclined to seek in the most serious,
and the most composed manner ; it being a
shame not to frame ourselves, when we appear
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ADVANTAGEOUS UNTO US. 159
publicly upon such a weighty business, unto
the most reverend deportment ; which I have
shown, is of itself alone a singular benefit we
receive by Prayer to God. The sense of Whom,
is the gaiide of our life, and the stay of our
heart, which is both upheld, and raised to the
highest degree by His public worship. Where-
by, if we do not prevail for all those, whose
welfare and happiness we seek ; we maintain
and increase nothwithstanding in our own minds
a lively sense, a high esteem of those graces
and blessings, which we earnestly desire and
ask for all mankind. For whose good as we
ought to be concerned ; so we are made more
sensible of it, more affected with it, and solicit-
ous for it by the public service of God, than we
are inclined to be in our private devotions.
This will appear in the management of the
second general argument, propounded in the be-
ginning of this discourse, for which I design the
next Chapter.
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160 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
CHAPTER XIII.
PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST SUITABLE TO THE NA-
TURE OF MAN.
T PROCEED now to consider the nature of
-*- Man, as I have done the nature of Prayer ;
from whence we shall more fully learn the
necessity of God's public service, and that it is
to be preferred before all other.
Prayer being a natural duty (as I have proved
in the beginning) arising from the necessity of
our own being, which is precarious and depend-
ent on another, who ought therefore to be
continually acknowledged by us : it will easily
appear from thence, that it ought to be public,
and not only alone by ourselves ; because
nature hath formed us to society, without
which we cannot be preserved in safety. From
whence innumerable arguments may be de-
duced for our public assembling together,
constantly to worship that Almighty Being:
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 161 |
who hath thus, by the very laws of our crea-
tion, disposed us to join together for our com-
mon preservation. I'or,
I. We cannot but see, at the very first men-
tion of this, that we being made to have so-
ciety one with another, should above all
things have society in Prayer to Him that
made us, and continually maintains and pre-
serves us.
For what can be more absurd than to have
society in the lowest actions of human life,
and not in the highest, which are of principal
concern to us, for our conversation? It is
such an absurdity, as if we should join together
to save one another's houses, but not to save
one another's lives. And yet there is far less
difference between a building of wood or stone,
and this excellent structure of our body, than
there is between our worldly affairs, and those
of our immortal souls. Which teach us, at
the first thought of such things, that if we were
made to live together in society, and not
alone, it is a just reason that God should be
acknowledged by us all together, who is the
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162 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
founder of society ; and as we transact all our
common concerns together, by meeting in a
body ; so the business of religion especially
(which is the cement of society, and the foun-
tain of all justice and charity) should be thus
transacted, and we should with a common
consent meet together in one place, to adore
and acknowledge Him, which is the greatest
concern we have in this world, even for this
reason, because it supports, as you have heard,
a sense of Him, without which all society
will be dissolved.
H. And there is the greater reason for this,
because men are the only creatures here, that
are endued with a sense of God and of religion :
and therefore should above all things join in
that, and study to promote it, which is most
proper to them, and distinguishes them more
than any thing else, from the brutes. In
whom we see some faint imitation of reason
and discourse, but not the least sign of religion.
Which may well be looked upon as the dis-
criminating property in man ; and makes us
think that he may be better defined, a religious,
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SUITABLE TO MAN's NATURE. 163
than a rational creature. This, at least, should
be joined with the other, and He defined, a ra-
tional religious creature. For all definitions
are taken from that, which most peculiarly
belongs to every being ; and there is nothing
so peculiar to us, as a sense of religion.
Which if we do not exercise together, we do
not act like men ; who in all reason, should
join to maintain and promote that which is
most proper to them, (viz. religion) more than
anything else in the world.
For which end God hath given to us alone
the gift of speech, which no other creatures
have besides ourselves ; that we should pro-
claim His praises, and make it known that we
honour Him, and excite one another to the
love of Him, the Supreme Being. Who needs
no words to tell Him our thoughts : but is ac-
quainted with the very beginning of them, be-
fore they are formed : and therefore hath be-
stowed upon us the faculty of speaking, that
we may tell our thoughts unto others, and make
them understand that we are religiously af-
fected towards Him. ^Vho, if He had intended
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164 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
religion should be only a private business,
might have made us without tongues, because
He needs no language to acquaint Him with
our desires ; but hears our very thoughts, and
perceives the most inward motions of our
souls. Which we have power to express in
words, not that He may understand us, but
for the benefit of others, that they may under-
stand our sense, and know that we are lovers
of God, and be stirred up by our Prayers,
and Praises, and Thanksgivings, to the same
devotion towards Him. Whence David calls
his tongue " his glory," (Psal. Ivii. 8.) be-
cause therewith he glorified God ; and, as it
there follows, (ver. 9.) " Praised God among
the people, and sung unto Him among the
nations."
Thus St. Paul supposes, when he saith
Prayers ought not to be made in an unknown
tongue, because if they were, he that was not
learned in that tongue, would not be able to
say " Amen," 1 Corinth, xiv. 16. which word,
" Amen," was then it seems pronounced, at
the end of every Prayer, by the whole com-
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 165
pany ; for whom the public minister spake to
God, and was as it were their mouth, in what
he said. But though it was thus ordered to
avoid confusion, and that it might be distinctly
known by every body, what was said in the
Church, (which had been impossible, if they
had all spoken together) yet they thought
themselves bound to signify and declare that
he spake their sense, by saying, " Amen," at
the conclusion of the Prayer he made. Which
was as much in effect, as if they had said every
word of it themselves ; for it was as much as
to say, they approved of, and consented to the
whole. And this every one did so audibly,
that a great multitude being gathered together
in a church, it imitated the voice of thunder,
as St. Hierom tells us.
And, verily, it is a great fault that we do not
all thus join in the public Prayers at this day ;
not only by our bodily presence, but with our
tongues, which ought to express our consent
to those petitions and thanksgivings, which are
offered up to God in the name of us all.
III. And there is a farther reason for com-
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166 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
mon Prayer ; because tlie blessings we enjoy
in common together, are far greater than those
we enjoy singly and distinct one from another.
We all breathe in one common air, and enjoy
the comfort of one common light ; the heavens
drop their fatness in common upon every man's
fields and pastures : and, which is more than
all the rest, the great blessings of order and
government, (the benefits of which we all en-
joy, by being knit in the same society, under
the same governor,) make it highly reasonable,
that we should join ourselves together, as one
man, to acknowledge these common blessings,
which make us all happy. For being made
for society, and enjoying innumerable benefits
thereby, (which this is not a place to mention
particularly,) we have lost all sense of what we
are, and what we have, if we do not think our-
selves bound to give God thanks for them in
one body, begging His pardon for their abuse,
and beseeching their continuance.
I name not now the greatest blessing of all,
which is the redemption of mankind by Jesus
Christ, (in which not a few particular persons,
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 167
but all in general are concerned, it being the
common salvation, as St. Jude calls it,) because
it belongs to the next head : where we shall
consider mankind, as a Church, bound to bless
God above all things for His grace in the Lord
Jesus.
Let us look at present only to the visible
heavens, which encircle us all, and proclaim
aloud, as the Psalmist speaks, the glory of God
throughout the world. Behold the sun, that
great minister of God, which preaches, as I
may say, every where, and publishes, not to
one place or country, but to the whole earth,
the praises of the Lord. It is not a private
whisper, but a public cry, which the heavenly
bodies make ; " there is neither speech nor
language, but their voices are heard among
them. Their sound is gone out into all lands,
and their words into the ends of the world :"
which tell us what we should do, and call
upon us to make the voice of His praise to be
heard, as much and as far as we are able ;
Who hath appointed such illustrious creatures,
to do us perpetual service.
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PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
Which is the meaning of the holy Psalmist,
when he calls upon all creatures in heaven and
in earth, both visible and invisible, to praise
the Lord. (Psalm cxlviii.) That is, he excites
himself and others, to give God thanks for
them; and to acknowledge the praises which
they continually give Him ; His most glorious
perfections, that is, which they declare and set
forth, in the most public manner. For they
speak to all, as much as they do to one, the
most excellent, immense greatness, and good-
ness of the Lord, who in wisdom also hath
made them all ; and this we ought as publicly
to declare : it being all that we can do for the
honour of His name, but only live accordingly ;
which this also teaches us, and makes abso-
lutely necessary, that we may eternally praise
Him.
There is an excellent discourse I remember,
in St. Chrysostom to this purpose, in his ninth
Homily upon Genesis : where, shewing how
God hath preferred mankind above all other
creatures, he concludes with this exhortation.
" Let us therefore give Him thanks for all
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 169
these benefits He hath heaped on us. This is
no grievous, no burthensome thing which He
expects from us ; for what trouble is there in
testifying our sense of His loving kindness, in
confessing our obligations, in returning our
thankful acknowledgments for them? Which
He, who is all-sufficient in Himself stands in
no need of; but we ought to learn thereby to
love the author of all good, and not to be un-
grateful, but study to live suitable to such a
careful providence over us."
" Let us not, I beseech you, be negligent in
this ; but think with ourselves continually,
both what the common benefits are we all
enjoy, and the private ones which He hath
conferred upon any of us ; both those which
are manifest and confessed by all, and those
which are concealed perhaps, and proper to
ourselves alone. And by all let us excite our-
selves to give Him thanks, which is the great-
est sacrifice, the most perfect oblation :" espe-
cially when we all join together (I may add)
to confess His goodness, and declare the won-
ders He doth for the children of men.
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170 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
" And whosoever he is, that hath these
things continually in mind, and reflects upon
his own meanness, as well as the immenseness
of the divine mercy : how He governs us, and
dispenses His blessings to us, not regarding
what our sins deserve, but what is becoming
His divine goodness ; it is impossible, but he
should humble himself before God, and have
a broken and contrite heart. This takes down
all pride ; this lays all arrogance low ; this
teaches us to be modest, and behave ourselves
with all humility of mind ; contemning the
glory of this present life, and designing the
future good of that life which is immortal."
Thus he.
And we may understand how much more
grateful it is to the divine Majesty, to have all
this done in public, than only alone by our-
selves ; by that passage among others in the
Psalmist ; Psalm xxii. 22. " I will declare thy
name among my brethren ; in the midst of the
congregation will I praise thee." Which the
apostle applies to our Lord Christ, and inter-
prets the words as if they were spoken by Him,
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171
(Heb. ii. 12.) where lie proves that Christ is not
ashamed to call lis brethren, saying, " I will
declare thy name unto my brethren, in the
midst of the Church will I sing praise unto
thee." Behold here, how he makes this the
voice of Christ Himself; who taught us by
His own example, how acceptable it will be
to God the Father, and how profitable to our-
selves, to praise the name of the Lord with
the rest of our brethren, in the public assem-
blies, and proclaim both the benefits we have
received from Him, and the duty which we
owe unto Him.
IV. Unto which that we may be the more
strongly excited, let us consider farther, that
the blessings we most want, as we are sociable
creatures, being public blessings, they ought,
in all reason, to be sought in our common
Prayers, as most generally needful for us all.
For so you may observe that the apostle direct-
ing the service of the Church, in 1 Tim. ii. 1. 2.
requires in the very first place, that " Prayers,
Supplications, Intercessions, and Thanksgivings
be made for all men, for Kings, and for all
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172 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
that are in authority, that we may lead a quiet
and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty."
Nothing he knew was of greater concernment
to the good of the world, than to have govern-
ors, whom he elsewhere calls the " Ministers of
God," preserved in their just authority, es-
pecially to be blessed with good governors,
who might be conservators of peace and quiet-
ness, punishers of vice and wickedness, a
terror to evil doers, and encouragers of those
that do well. And therefore he ordains that
this great thing should be asked of God, by
public prayers, because it was of universal
concernment, and of highest moment to every
man's happiness ; which ought to be preferred
before any particular respects, unto which
their petitions might be directed.
Agreeable to this I find in Josephus, that
the ancient Jews looked upon it as their duty,
L. 2. contr. whcu they offered sacrifice unto God,
Apionem. ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^-^^ ^^^^ placc, for thc
common safety, or salvation; and then, for
their own private concerns. " For we are born,
(saith he,) for communion and society one with
0
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 173
another; and therefore he who prefers the
common concerns before his own private ad-
vantage, must needs be, above all others, very-
acceptable, and dear to God." This passage,
among others, is cited by Eiisebius, and we
may add to it, what the Hebrew
doctors now tell us in their books, par Evang.^'^^^'
that the last thing the high priest
prayed for on the great day of expiation, just
before he came out of the holy place, was this ;
that " God would not hear the p ^^^.^^ .^
Prayers of those who were in a jour- ^^""^ '''" '^•
ney :" that is. Prayers made for men's own
private benefit, against the public interest ;
such as the prayers of those in a journey are
wont to be, who desire fair weather, when all
the country prays for rain.
But howsoever this was, it is plain by the
apostle's words, that he would have those
things principally asked of God, which related
to the community ; which ought therefore to
be sought by their common Prayers and Sup-
plications. And so they were anciently in the
Christian Church, as we find in TeHullian :
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174 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
(to name no other author) who describing the
Christian assemblies, saith, " We pray there for
the emperors, and for their ministers, and for
powers, and for the state of the world,
Apolog. Cap. 39.
for the quiet of things, and for the
delay of the end of the world." Which he
had declared before more largely, " We pray to
the eternal God, for the health and safety of
the emperors, to the true God, the living God,
who made them emperors, and whom it con-
cerns the emperors, above all things,
to have propitious to them, &c. to
Him, we look up, and all of us pray always for
them, that they may have a long life, a secure
empire, a safe family, a valiant army, a faith-
ful senate," &c.
This was so known a practice, and it was so
firmly believed in those days, that the peace
and safety, the honour and prosperity of kings
and kingdoms, depended very much upon the
due performance of this daily service, that
there are examples of heathen princes, who
had so much faith, as to desire to have their
safety commended unto God in the Prayers of
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 175
the Church. Which were instituted with such
a peculiar respect, (it appears by St. Paul) to
the welfare of princes, the support of their
government, and the prosperity of their people ;
that they cannot be neglected, without endan-
gering the good estate of the world. And may
possibly be one reason, why the world hath
been so full of disorder and confusion ; be-
cause christian people have not applied them-
selves earnestly enough, in daily public Prayers
(which are generally disregarded) to beseech
God for the public good and tranquillity, but
are wholly bent to the fulfilling of their own
private desires.
V. And as we ought thus to join in Prayer,
that we may recommend our common concerns,
to the care of Almighty wisdom and goodness ;
so likewise, that we may by the common offi-
ces of religion, keep ourselves the closer knit
together, in firm love and unity, in the same
society. For nothing combines men so strong-
ly, as religion, and the purer it is, the greater
effect it hath for the stay and support of the
commonwealth. Which hath made all Law-
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176 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
givers (as Aristotle observes in his politics) to
exercise their first care about religion ; because
it is that which qualifies all sorts of men to be
serviceable to the public, making governors (as
Mr. Hooker I think speaks) apter to rule with
conscience, and inferiors, for conscience sake,
willingly to obey their governors.
It was an admirable saying of Plutarch, in
his discourse against an Epicurean ; " That a
city may as well be built in the air,
Adv. Coloten.
without any earth to stand upon, as
a commonwealth or kingdom be either consti-
tuted or conserved, without the support of re-
ligion." Take this away, and you take away
the foundation on which the kingdom is laid ;
and it can neither be erected, or being erected
cannot stand, when this is gone. Now as re-
ligion is necessary to uphold states and king-
doms, so the public exercise of it is as neces-
sary to uphold religion. Let the public assem-
blies cease, and religion will not long stand.
But we shall soon lose it, if we do not meet
together to join in the common offices of it,
and we shall soon be tempted to have the less
0 6
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 177
concern for one another's safety and happiness,
when we are not tied together by the bond of
one and the same religion. In which when
we heartily join to serve God, it makes us look
upon one another as brethren, dear to the same
Grt)d and Father of us all, and therefore dear
to one another.
This the Psalmist represents, when he cries
out in the beginning of Psal. cxxxiii. " Behold
how good, and how pleasant it is, for brethren
to dwell together in unity." He would have
all the Israelites to look upon themselves as
brethren, being all descended from one and the
same stock, and having also the same God for
their Father. And then they dwelt together
in unity, not merely when they lived lovingly,
and unanimously pursued the same common
interest, for the common good ; but then espe-
cially when they all met in one and the same
place to worship God together, with one heart,
and with one soul ; which linked them closer
than any other bond could do, and provided
best for their common security. For it ap-
pears by what follows, he chiefly aims at this
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178 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
assembling themselves unanimously together ;
as the words are in the Hebrew, " O how
good and pleasant is it, for brethren to dwell,
even together ;" i. e., to meet all at God's
house, as common to them all. Nothing more
delightful, than to behold such a general as-
sembly, which he illustrates by two simili-
tudes. First, of the precious ointment which
ran down from the head of the high priest, to
the very skirt of his garment ; and then by the
dew of heaven, which made the hill of Her-
mon, and the mountain of Zion (nigh to which
the temple stood) exceeding fruitful. And then
in conclusion he adds the reason why this was
so joyful a sight, and so beneficial, " For there
the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for
evermore " He pours down His blessings of all
sorts, (as the heavens do the dew, and as the pre-
cious ointment ran down from Aaron^s head)
upon a people that are thus unanimously joined
together, in the worship and service of God;
Who only can make them happy (that is meant
by " life") and can make them so for evermore.
In order to which. He took care His divine
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SUITABLE TO MAx^^'s XATURE. 179
service should be perpetually performed in
the temple ; whither they were to resort to
do their duty to Him, and to implore His orace
and favour towards them. And I cannot think
It fell out by chance, that next to the Psalm
now mentioned, is immediately placed a solemn
exhortation (in Psalm the cxxxiv.) unto the
ministers of God, to attend constantly upon
their duty in the sanctuary; there to praise
the Lord, who made heaven and earth, and
to give a blessing to His people, and pray for
their prosperity out of Sion, as that Psalm
concludes.
I end this with the observation of a wise
man; that we, being members of a public
body, ought to serve it the best we can. Now
all the service we do, as members of it, is pub-
lic service ; which is far more worthy, than
what we act for ourselves privately and dis-
tinctly, as much as a whole society exceeds
the worth of any one man in it. And what
service is there we can do it, like to that of
maintaining God's true religion, by serious at-
tendance, with due care and frequency, upon
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180 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
the public offices thereof* Whereby we shall
exceedingly promote the common good of &.11,
and maintain society itself, by which We dre
kept and preserved in safety and prosperity.
For by doing public honour to God, we shall
draw down public blessings upon ourselves.
God Himself will bless us, as the Psalmist
speaks. " He will bless them that fear the
Lord, both small and great. The Lord shall
increase you more and more, you and yout
children : ye are the blessed of the Lord, that
made heaven and earth." (Psal. cxv. 13, 14,
1 '.) Observe the title He gives Himself, " the
Lord that made heaven and earth," and you
will not think it suitable to His super-excellent
and transcendent Majesty, to have His wor-
ship confined to your closets, or to your private
houses ; but make it as public as the heaven
and the earth are, which are exposed to the
view of all. In that spacious temple of His
( as the ancients were wont to call the
world, of which the temple at Jerusalem was
an imitation,) He is to be magnified, and
praised as openly, and with as great multi-
6 ......^...^ — ^ — . — -„^
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SUITABLE TO MAx's NATURE. 181
tudes, as can possibly meet together ; that we
may not seem to worship some little, petty deity,
but the universal Lord of all.
Thus I am fallen upon the argument where-
with I begim, which cannot be too often pressed,
and hath a close connection with this other,
which I have now handled. For He having
formed us to live together in society, and to
keep closely united in one body, for our com-
mon safety and preservation, teaches us there-
by to own Him as the common parent of us
all ; and to contrive the best ways we can,
whereby we may acknowledge Him so to be.
And there is no way like this of meeting to-
cfether in the grreatest multitude that can assem-
ble, to magnify end praise Him with one voice
for His goodness , and declaring the wonders
He doth for the children of men, commend
ourselves and all our concerns, unto His most
powerful protection, " by Whom kings reign,
and princes decree justice." And therefore
He ought to be sought for their guidance and
direction, protection and safety, and to be ac-
knowledged, as it is in the Collect for our
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182 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
king, to be the " High and Mighty, King of
kings, Lord of lords, the only ruler of princes ;
who from His throne beholds all that dwell on
the earth." And they are all (as the prophet
most admirably expresses it) " as nothing, less
than nothing, and vanity," in comparison with
His incomprehensible greatness ; who, as that
great king Nebuchadnezzar publicly acknow-
ledored, and desired all nations and kingdoms
should take notice of it, is, the " High God,
whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and
His dominion is from generation to genera-
tion."
So he begins the proclamation he caused to
be made of his humble devotion to the divine
Majesty, by whom he had been abased as low
as the beasts of the earth, Dan. iv. 2, 3. After
which he tells all the world, " I blessed the
most High, and I praised and honoured Him
that liveth for ever, whose dominion is an
everlasting dominion, and His kingdom is from
generation to generation. And all the inhabi-
tants of the earth are reputed as nothing : and
He doth according to His will in the army of
O O
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SUITABLE TO MAn's NATURE. 183
heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth :
and none can stay His hand, or say unto Him,
what dost thou ?" ver. 34, 35. And then con-
cludes this declaration in this manner ; " Now
I Nebuchadnezzar praise, and extol, and hon-
our the King of heaven : all whose works are
truth, and His ways judgment ; and those that
walk in pride. He is able to abase." (ver. 37.)
A voice worthy of a king, and worthy to be
published throughout all the world, and there-
fore he made the declaration, wherein it was
co^itained to be sent to " all people, nations,
and languages, that dwelt on all the earth,"
ver. 1. that is, throughout all his wide empire,
to all the parts of the earth, where his authority
reached, and his words would be reverenced ;
that they might magnify this great King of
heaven and earth, together with him.
That was the end of it, and it is one of the
most public pieces of devotion that we ever
read was performed by any man, arising out of
this sense, with which he was possessed in
those ancient times, that God is to be honour-
ed, blessed and extolled publicly among, and
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184 PUBLIC PRAYERS MOST
by all people; to whom he thought himself
bound to shew the signs and the wonders,
which the most High God had wrouorht to-
wards him. And, *' how great (saith he) are
His signs, and how mighty are His wonders !"
ver. 3. He was not able to tell, but made
the best, and the most ample declaration of
them that he could, in this imperial decree,
which he caused to be proclaimed every
where.
By all which we may easily be convinced,
in what gross errors two sorts of people live.
First, they who imagine, that God may be
served as well at home, as at the church.
Such men neither understand the nature of
God, nor the nature of religion, nor their own
nature ; which teach them quite otherwise,
and instruct them also to frequent the public
assemblies, where they have opportunity so to
do.
Secondly, for that is another palpable error,
to think that it is sufficient if we come on the
Lord's day to testify that we do not forget
God, though all the week beside, we take no
D— — — -(
185
notice of Him, but constantly neglect His pub-
lic service, when we are invited to it, and
have leisure to attend it. We forget the many-
public, common blessings we daily need, and
daily receive ; which ought to be as publicly
every day implored and acknowledged in our
common Prayers.
Let the foregoing considerations be duly
pondered, and they will persuade you, both
out of love to God's honour, and out of love
to your own good, to join, as often as you can,
your Prayers, Praises, and Thanksgivings, with
the whole Church of God; and to make our
assemblies as full as you can, both on the
Lord's day, and every day of the week.
Whereby you would declare your constant de-
pendence on God, and acknowledge how "He
daily loadeth you with His benefits ;" and
draw down public blessings in abundance,
upon the Church and kingdom where you live ;
and do credit to our holy religion (which, alas,
now looks in many places as if it were des-
pised) and not only do credit to it, but both
help to support it, and also promote and pro-
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186 PUBLIC PRAYERS SUITABLE TO MAN.
pagate it, to the honour and praise of the
Almighty Lord of heaven and earth, " unto
Whom be the glory in the Church by Christ
Jesus, throughout all ages, world without end.'*
Amen.
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THE CHURCH REQUIRES PUBLIC PRAYERS. 187
CHAPTER XIV.
THE N'ATf RE OF A CHURCH REQUIRES THERE
SHOULD BE PUBLIC PRAYERS.
X PROCEED now to the third head of argii-
-*- ments, whereby a Christian should be
most of all moved to his duty : and that is, to
consider the nature of the Church, which both
requires public assemblies, and makes the ser-
vice performed in them far more acceptable
than private Prayers can be.
And here let it be considered in general,
that the very word we translate Church in the
Holy Scriptures, signifies in the Greek lan-
guage, an assembly ; a company of persons
met together, and that publicly, upon the
public business, or occasions. The first time
but one, we meet with this word in the New
Testament, it is used in opposition to a single
person, alone, by himself, or to one or two
more beside him. ]\Iatth. xviii. 15, 16, 17.
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188 THE NATURE OF A CHURCH
" If thy brother trespass against thee, go and
tell him his fault, between thee and him alone,
and if he will not hear thee, take one or two
more, &c., and if he neglect to hear them, tell
it to the Church :" that is, to that solemn assem-
bly which sat to judge causes, and unto which
was the last resort, so that, if he did not hear
them, he was to be looked upon " as a heathen
man and a publican." And, the truth is, it signi-
fies any sort of assembly or concourse of people;
which was among the Gentiles as well as the
Jews. For in the xix. of the Acts, when all
the city of Ephesus was in an uproar, and ran
together into the theatre, crying up Diana, this
general concourse is thrice called their as-
sembly, ver. 82. " Some cried one thing, and
some another, for the assembly was confused,"
&c., (ver. 39.) If you inquire of other matters
it shall be determined, " in a lawful assembly ;"
and ver. 41. having thus spoken, " he dismissed
the assembly. ^^
Now this being the very notion of the word
Church ; the Christian Church, which Christ
hath called, is an assembly of men and women
o — — — — — — <i)
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REQUIRES PUBLIC TRAYERS. 189
met together to worship God by him, to give
Him thanks for all His benefits, and to implore
His grace and mercy to them and to all the
world. It is an assembly or company of men,
as much as any other ; but our Saviour's king-
dom being not of this world, the assembly which
He appoints, is not to meet for civil ends and
purposes, but for religious. And the great thing
in all religion, is the devout worship of God,
and giving Him the honour due unto His
Name ; for which the Church, (i. e., Christian
assemblies,) being founded, it is a clear demon-
stration that this worship, is not so well per-
formed alone by ourselves, as in these assem-
blies. For here we act most like Christians,
that is, like members of the body of Christ,
which is His Church. With which whosoever
doth not join, he is no longer a Christian, be-
cause he is not a member of the body of Christ,
which is a company joined together, to have
fellowship with God and one with another, in
all holy duties, of which Prayer, Thanksgiving,
and Praises are the chief. For though there
they receive Christian instruction, yet that is
C— — — - — — Q
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190 THE NATURE OF A CHURCH
not the principal business for which they as-
semble ; as appears by St. PauVs words to
Timothy heiore mentioned, 1 Tim. ii. 1.
If we could make Christian peo le sensible
of this, they would immediately yield the pub-
lic worship of God, to be that, which of all
others, He most designs to have continued in
the world, and consequently be most affected
towards it, and constantly frequent it. And
how should they remain insensible of it, if they
would but consider duly, that it is implied in
their being Christians, members of Christ's
body, which is His Church. Which being
nothing else but an assembly of men, devoted
unto Christ, met together for religious worship,
they are not a part of it, if they do not assemble
with it. That is, they are not Christians, nor
will any of their private devotions be acceptable
unto God, being set in opposition to the pub-
lic because they go about to destroy the very
body of Christ, which is His Church ; w^hose
very being consists in assemblies, and not in
separated worship alone by ourselves. Which
private worship is then acceptable unto God,
Q— O^
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REQUIRES PUBLIC PRAYERS. 191
when performed by a true member of Christ's
body, that is, by one who attends upon the
public assemblies ; by which he procures ac-
ceptance for his secret and private services.
Which are so far from being most acceptable,
that we cannot reasonably think, they are ac-
ceptable at all, when they are set in opposition
to the other, or when the other is constantly
neglected.
If I knew how to make this plainer, I would
do it, because it is a matter of great impor-
tance, that we may not be guilty of neglect-
ing the public worship of God, where it may
be enjoyed. For so far as we neglect this, we
cut ourselves off from the Church ; which is
the body of Christ. That is, we cease to be
Christians, and become bare natural men and
women; for Christians are made to worship
God together in a body, of which every parti-
cular person is a part, which cannot subsist but
in conjunction with the rest of the members of
that body.
Perhaps this will be better understood by
considering how we come to be Christians.
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192 THE NATURE OF A CHURCH
Which is not barely by belief in Christ, hut hy
receiving ftopiism ; where, professing faith in
Him, we are admitted into the Christian society
and communion, to partake of those blessings,
v/hich are bestowed by Christ upon the Chris-
tian fellowship. But then, we must continue
therein, by living like Christians ; and particu-
larly by assembling together continually for
Christian worship ; otherwise we renounce our
baptism, which admitted us into a society, and
not to act separately by ourselves alone. In
which society, if any man behave himself so
scandalously, that he is thrust out of it, he is
denied to have communion with them in their
Prayers, all the time he remains so cut off from
the Church. Which is a demonstration, that to
have a communion with the faithful in Prayer,
is the very thing unto which we are admitted
by being made Christians ! it being the thing of
which men are debarred, when they are turned
out of the Christian society.
For the farther manifestation of which great
truth, which I have thus explained in general,
I shall in the following chapters offer several
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REQUIRES PUBLIC PRAYERS.
193
particular considerations, which deserve to
be seriously pondered in every Christian's
thoughts.
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194 OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR
CHAPER XV.
OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR, THE FOUNDER OF THE
CHURCH, TEACHES US THIS DOCTRINE.
I. \ ND first of all I desire it may be con.
-^^ sidered, that our blessed Lord doth
plainly suppose this notion of a Church, that
is, of religious assemblies, in the very Prayer
He taught His disciples. The first words of
which being, " our Father," not " my father;"
are an indication, it was not made for a single
person only, but for a company of men, join-
ing together in their petitions to God. Who
are put in mind by this expression, when any
of them says this Prayer alone by himself, that
his Prayer is at that time acceptable ; because
he is a member of the Church of Christ, and
holds communion with the rest of his Christian
brethren. There can be no other reason given,
why we say, " our Father," even in our clo-
sets, but that we pray as part of a body, and
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TEACHES US THIS DOCTRIx\E. 195
hope to be heard, because we are in union
therewith, and not divided from it, and there-
fore stand bound, as oft as we have opportu-
nity, to communicate with it in Prayer, and all
other holy offices, when it meets together for
that purpose.
II. And therefore we may farther observe,
that Christ most especially promises His bless-
ed presence in such public assemblies. Matt,
xviii. 20, " For where two or three are ga-
thered together in my name, there am I in the
midst of them." That he speaks of their be-
ing assembled in His name for Prayer, appears
from the foregoing verse, where He saith, " if
two of you agree on earth as touching any
thing they shall ask, it shall be done," &c.
And the word gathered together, shews He
speaks of public Prayer ; such as used to be in
the Synagogues ; unto which the word, in the
Greek, alludes. And two or three so gathered
together, are put for any number whatsoever,
but rather mentioned than any other greater
number, that Christians might not be discour-
aged, though they could meet but in very
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196 OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR
small companies, by reason of the difficulties
and distresses they laboured under, in the
beginning of our religion.
The rule of the synagogue was (as Dr.
Temple-Service Lightfoot and othcrs havo observed)
that unless the number of ten per-
sons, who were of years, were gathered to-
gether, it was no assembly, nor could there be
any Prayer. But our Lord would not have
His Church thus abridged, in this high pri-
vilege of Prayer ; knowing (as Mr. Thorndike
observes) it might so fall out, that such a
number of His disciples could not get to-
gether ; either because of the persecutions,
which scattered them abroad, or because there
were but few (suppose only two or three) as
yet converted in a place where the gospel was
preached. Who, if they did unanimously
agree in common petitions, our Saviour pro-
mises should find, notwithstanding their small
number, that He would be present among
them.
That is the blessing promised to their con-
sent and agreement in common Prayer.
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TEACHES US THIS DOCTRINE. 197
Which is not to be understood, as if He
would not be present with a good Christian,
when He prays alone ; but the meaning is,
that then, when they joined in common Prayer,
He would be more especially present. For if
our Lord Christ have a love to every Christian
soul, and delights to have its company, then is
He much more pleased with a great number
of them, who present themselves together to
seek His grace and favour. They are more
welcome to Him, their company is more lovely,
the sight of them more amiable, and they are
more beloved of Him, and prevail for greater
tokens of His love.
And thus all wise Christians, ancient and
modern, have understood it. I will name one
of later times, for there is no doubt of the
ancient. " But as for sacred assemblies, in
places appointed and deputed for that purpose,
we have a very great veneration ; and highly
approve and love them, for we believe Christ
to be more present with us, when we are met
in conjunction together." They are the words
of Peter Martyr upon Gen. xxviii. 12.
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198 OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR
And here it may not be unfit to note, for a
fuller explication of this matter, that the great-
est blessings have then been bestowed, when
God's people were at their public Prayers :
which is a mighty argument to frequent them,
in hope then to prevail far more, than we can
in our private addresses to Him. In the Old
Testament the examples of it are many; par-
ticularly in 2 Kings iii. 9, 10. where you read
that the hosts of the three kings being ready
to perish, both man and beast, for want of
water, and the Prophet Elislia undertaking to
furnish them therewith, " it came to pass in
the morning, when the meat-offering was offer-
ed" (which was the time when all the people
were at their Prayers in the temple) " there
came water by the way of Edom, and the
country was filled with water," ver. 20. Why
did it come at this time rather than any other,
but to honour the public Prayers and Sacri-
fices, and to let them know what great bene-
fits they might receive thereby, if devoutly
attended.
And when there could be no assemblies at
■O
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TEACHES US THIS DOCTRINE. 199
the temple, in the time of their capti\dty, yet
they praying then privately with respect to it,
as members of that Church, God was pleased
to answer their petitions, at that very hour,
when public prayers had been wont to be
made at that place. For it was " about the
time of the evening oblation," that the angel
Gabriel was caused to fly swiftly to Daniel, as
he was " speaking, and praying, and confess-
ing his sin, and the sin of the people Israel,
and presenting his supplication before the
Lord his God." Dan. ix. 20, 21. And the
tidings he brought him, were the most joyful
that ever had been heard ; for they were the
very same, which the same angel afterwards
brought to the blessed virgin, concerning the
birth of our Lord Christ, to lay down His life
for us.
And in the New Testament, you may ob-
serve, God sent His angel to bring St. Peter
out of prison, after a miraculous manner, de-
livering him out of the hand of Herod, and
from all the expectation of the people of the
Jews ; while many were gathered together
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200 OUR BLESSED SAVIOUR
praying. Acts xii. 12. We read in ver. 5.
that " prayer was made without ceasing" (or
instant and earnest prayer was made) " of the
Church unto God for him :" and in the very
time when many, that is, the whole Church
were gathered together, that is, in the time of
common Prayer, God sent salvation to him.
Upon] which words St. Clirysostom occasion-
ally reflecting, cries out ; " if the Prayer of the
Church was so available for Peter ; if it res-
cued him out of prison who was a pillar of the
Church ; how comes it about, that thou hast
no sense of its power, but despisest it, and set-
test it at nought by thy neglect of it ? What
excuse canst thou make for this ? especially,
when if there be a sermon, we see a crowd of
people, and the church as full as it can hold ?
Oh, says one, I can pray at home, but I can
hear sermons no where but in the church.
Vain man ! thou deceivest thyself. Thou
canst indeed pray at home ; but thou canst
not pray so, as thou dost in the church ; where
there is such a multitude of fathers ; where a
cry is sent up to God with one accord. Thou
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TEACHES US THIS DOCTRINE. 201
wilt not have such audience, when thou be-
seechest the Lord by thyself, as when thou
prayest with thy brethren. For there is some-
thing more in this, viz., the concord, the con-
spiration, and harmony of many in the same
petition ; the bond of charity ; and the Prayers
of the priests : for therefore the priests preside
in those assemblies, that the prayers of the
multitude which are weaker, may by the help
of theirs which are stronger, go together with
them into heaven. Add to this, what good
doth a Sermon do, when prayer is not yoked
with it ? First Prayer, and then the Word, as
the apostles say, " We will give ourselves con-
tinually to Prayer, and to the ministry of the
word." Acts vi. 4. Thus St. Paul doth, praying
in the preface to his Epistles, that the light of
Prayer, like a torch, may usher in the Word. And
if thou didst accustom thyself to pray with ex-
act diligence, thou wouldest less need the in-
structions of thy fellow servant, God Himself
illuminating thy mind, without his assistance.
And if thou thinkest thy Prayer alone to be of
such force, how powerful must it be, when
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202 OUR SAVIOUR TEACHES THIS DOCTRINE.
joined with a multitude ? This is far more
nervous, and there is greater confidence and as-
surance in it, than in that which is made at
home, and in private. So St. Pavl thought,
when he said, " He who hath delivered, and
doth deliver, we trust, will yet deliver us, you
also helping together by Prayer for us," 2 Cor-
inth, i. 10, 11. So St. Peter also got out of
prison ; for " earnest Prayer was made without
ceasing of the Church unto God for him."
c — — 6
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PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED. 203
CHAPTER XVI.
WHICH IS FARTHER CONFIRMED BY THE PRAC-
TICE OF THE APOSTLES, AND THE FIRST CHRIS-
TIANS.
III. T I IHE next thing I observe is, that ac-
-■- cording to the direction of our Sa-
viour, and the encouragement He had given
them, to expect His blessed presence among
them ; the apostles and the rest of Christ's
disciples, immediately upon their Master's as-
cension into heaven, assembled themselves
together for common Prayer and supplication ;
for so we read in the Acts i. 12, that as soon
as He was gone out of their sight, and the
angels had told them whither He was gone,
" they returned unto Jerusalem ; and when
they were come in, they went up into an upper
room" (the place, as shall be shewn presently,
of Christian worship,) " and all continued with
one accord in Prayer and supplication, with
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204 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and
with His brethren."
It was in their assemblies, we read in St.
John, where our Saviour often appeared to
them, presently after His resurrection, John
XX. 19, 26, and we may well think it was for
devotion that they assembled ; for it was on the
first day of the week. But here we read ex-
pressly, after He was ascended into heaven,
what they did in those assemblies. In which
there being, one day, a hundred and twenty
met together, they made solemn Prayer to God
for direction in the choice of a new apostle,
to succeed in the room of Judas, Acts i. 15,
24. But that which is most remarkable, you
find in the beginning of the next chapter ; that
when the day of Pentecost was fully come,
" they were all with one accord in one place,"
and suddenly they were all filled with the
Holy Ghost, and began to speak with tongues,
&LC. This great gift, whereby they were to
gather a .Church in all nations, as they had be-
gan to do at Jerusalem and thereabouts, came
down upon them, when they were all met toge-
-O
BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 205
ther, for the service of God. The one place
here spoken of, being no other than that men-
tioned before, — where " they continued with
one accord, in Prayer and supplication." The
place where they assembled immediately after
His resurrection, as I said just now, and in all
likelihood, the place where our Lord eat His
last supper with them before His passion. They
did not look for this promise of our Saviour in
their closets ; but expected He would be in
the midst of them, by the power of the Holy
Ghost, when they were met together to wait
upon Him for the fulfilling of His word.
IV. And accordingly you may farther note,
that all the)'' who were converted by them, to
own Christ Jesus for their Lord and master,
immediately joined themselves to them, to
worship God in communion with them. Thus
you read, how upon that very day, when they
received the Holy Ghost, and preached there-
upon unto all they could meet withal, the resur-
rection of Christ in their own language, " as
many as received the word " (that is, believed
on Christ) " were baptized " (that was the first
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206 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
thing, they were admitted into the Church) and
the effect of it was this, " they continued sted-
fastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship,
and breaking of bread, and in Prayers," ver. 41,
42, which is repeated again, ver. 46, " they con-
tinued daily, with one accord, in the temple,"
(worshipping God with the Jews) and then re-
ceived the Eucharist at home ; which was the
proper Christian worship, wherein they joined
together in their own assemblies.
And here it is very remarkable, that when
their numbers were increased from three to
five thousand, and there was a new descent of
the Holy Ghost, to enable more besides those
on whom it fell at first, to preach the word ;
this descent was at the time of Prayer, when
they were assembled together for that purpose.
Read Acts. iv. where you find, that the apostles
being let go, from their imprisonment, they
went unto their own company (ver. 23.) and
reported all that the Chief Priests and Elders
had said unto them. Which when the com-
pany heard, " they lift up their voice to God,
with one accord, and said, " Lord, Thou art
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207
God, which hast made heaven, and earth, and
the sea, and all that in them is, &c. grant unto
thy servants, that with all boldness they may
speak thy word," &;c. ver. 24, 25, &c. " And
when they had prayed (ver. 31.) the place was
shaken where they were assembled together,"
(for Prayer you plainly see) " and they were
all filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake
the word of God with boldness."
And as it was at Jerusalem ; so in all other
places where they settled a Church, it was for
this purpose, that they should assemble to
worship God together, by Christ Jesus. This
was the very first or principal thing they or-
dained in such Churches ; as those words to
Timothy, which I have often named, sufficient-
ly testify, 1 Tim. ii. 1. "I will therefore that
first of all. Supplications, Prayers, Intercessions,
and giving of thanks be made for all men," &c.
Which assemblies the apostles required Chris-
tians not to forsake, no not in times of dano-er,
Heb. X. 25. For that (you may note as I pass
along) was to fall off from Christianity, as ap-
pears by the following words, ver. 26. For as
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208 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
to become a Christian was to join themselves,
to the Christian society, in such actions of re-
ligion, according to that you read of St. Paul,
who being converted, " assayed to join himself
to the brethren," that is, to the assemblies of
Christians, Acts ix. 26. So to cease to be
thus joined in Christian communion, was to
cease to be a Christian ; and, in effect, to deny
Jesus Christ to be their Lord and Saviour ;
Who hath made all that belong unto Him, to be
a Church ; that is, as I have often said, a com-
pany of men and women, assembling them-
selves together for Divine offices.
V. And that they might so do, there was,
it may farther be observed, a certain place ap-
pointed for their assemblies, because there
could be no assemblies, but they must be held
somewhere or other ; and they could not be
held with any certainty, unless the place were
determined, and known to be designed for that
purpose. Of this we read so frequently in the
holy writings of the New Testament, that it is
a wonder any should make a question of it. I
mentioned before the "upper room," Acts. i. 11
6 6
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BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 209
where the Apostles assembled, immediately
after our Saviour's ascension; which Book u. p.
Mr. Mede hath abundantly proved " '
to be the settled place of their holy assemblies.
Where, as I said, they were assembled again
on the day of Pentecost, Acts. ii. 1. and the
next day after, iv. 31. and was the house, where
they are said to have continued daily breaking
bread at home. Acts ii. 46.
Nor was this peculiar to Jerusalem, but in
other cities they had the like. For at Troas
also the Church was gathered together in an
" upper chamber," Acts xx. 8. And at Corinth,
1 Cor. xi. 18, 20., the Apostle speaks of their
coming together, " in the Church," and " into
one place ;" which he distinguishes from their
own " home," ver. 34. And again xiv. 23. he
speaks of the " whole Church coming together
into one place." Which was no other, but that
place where they commonly assembled for
divine worship. And so those words of St.
Paul to Timothy are to be understood, 1 Tim.
ii. 8. " I will therefore, that men pray every-
where," (fee. Which is spoken, saith Beza, in
14
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210 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
opposition to assembling only at God's house
at Jerusalem, unto which men were no longer
confined, but might assemble in any place, where
there was a house appointed for that purpose. So
he expounds those words everywhere, " every
place appointed, or set apart for holy assem-
blies to meet in; for St. Paul, (saith he) speaks
of public Prayer, in the common meeting."
Thus St. Basil many ages before him ex-
plained the apostle's words, in an-
swer to those who urged them to lismo' Resp. *ad
prove that Prayer was as well per-
formed anywhere, as in the Church. " No
such matter, these words, in every place, do
not comprehend such places as are employed
in common uses, and in profane, or perhaps
filthy affairs, but enlarge the service of God
beyond the compass of Jerusalem, unto any
place in the world, which (according to the
prophecy about sacrifice) is reverently devoted
unto God, for the sacred performance of the
glorious mystery."
And that these places thus designed for holy
assemblies, were separated from common use,
-6
BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 211
and set apart only for this, was never doubted
till this last age of fancy and vain conceit
Which hath imagined the separation of places
to divine service only, to be a mere legal in-
stitution, that is, ordained merely by the law
of Moses, which made the tabernacle, and af-
terward the temple, such a holy place. Where-
as they were so made, in conformity to the
common notions of humm nature; and only
made more holy and separate than any other
place, by the residence of a visible Majesty
and glory there. Otherwise there were holy,
that is, separated places, before that time
(though not so separate or holy as the temple
was) and will be always to the end of the world ;
unless we suppose that men will lose all reve-
rence to God, and let Him have nothing among
us, which may be peculiarly called His own.
Now this thing alone, is an argument for
public worship, that there hath always been a
place appointed for divine service ; which
would have been needless, if men were not
bound to assemble together to worship God,
for then it might have been left to every one's
O-
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212 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
liberty, where they would please to do it them-
selves.
And this also shews the advantage, which
public worship hath of all other. For being
performed in a place set apart for it, where
nothing else is done, at our very entrance into
it we are naturally put in mind of God, and of
our business there, which is only with Him,
and so shall be more apt to be composed there,
than in any other place, which we are wont to
employ about other things besides the worship
of God. Especially, since all wise men have
ever endeavoured, that the service of God
should be there performed, with the most
solemnity and majesty that could be contrived ;
nay that the place itself should not be mean,
but rather stately, and gravely adorned. For
it is not with public Prayer, as it is with pri-
vate. " In private" (as Mr. Hooker judiciously
observes) " secrecy is commended, rather than
outward show, whereas public Prayer, being
the act of the whole society, requires accord-
ingly more care to be had of external appear-
ance. And therefore the very assembling of
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BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 213
men unto this service, hath ever been very-
solemn, and the very outward form of the
place of public Prayer, hath been ever thought
a circumstance of great moment to help devo-
tion."
VI. To this may be farther added, from
one of the texts now mentioned, that the apos-
tle directs how they should exercise their spi-
ritual gifts, in the holy place where they met
together, and particularly the gift of Prayer,
1 Cor. xiv. 23. There were a great many ex-
traordinary gifts then bestowed upon the Co-
rinthian Church ; every one of which the
apostle informs them, was bestowed by one
and the same Spirit : and bestowed by Him
"to profit withal," xii. 7., that is, for the pub-
lic benefit of the Church. And among the
rest, there was a gift of Prayer, which was
upon some occasions afforded by a particular
inspiration of the Holy Ghost, and designed,
as every one beside were, for the common
good of all the faithful.
For if any man wanted the faculty of express-
ing those pious thoughts, which the Spirit
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214 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
suggested to him, in the common language,
which every body understood, the apostle
shews his gift was of small value^ and directs
such a man to pray that he might be able, " to
interpret," xiv. 13., into a language, that is,
which was commonly understood. The rea-
son of which was, because then his gift of
Prayer would be of general use in the public
assemblies ; the advantage of which was to be
preferred before any man's private benefit.
So he tells them in the verse foreoroinff,
(ver. 12.) that they who were zealous of spirit-
ual gifts, should " seek that they might excel
to the edifying of the Church." And in the
verses following, (ver. 14,15.) he saith,thatifhe
himself should pray in an unknown tongue,
" his spirit" indeed " prayed" (that is, the
spiritual gift which he had, was therein exer-
cised) but his " understanding was unfruitful,"
that is, others received no benefit by it, be-
cause they understood not what he said. And
therefore he puts this question, " What is it
then ?" That is, what is it that we should de-
sire in this business of Prayer ? Which he
o— — — —
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BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 215
resolves thus, " I will pray with the spirit, and
I will pray with the understanding also." That
is, tliis is most to be desired, when I, or any
other, hath a Prayer suggested to him by the
Spirit, that he may be able, not only to utter
what it inspires, but to understand it also our-
selves, so far as to make others understand it,
by putting it into known and intelligible words.
This is certainly best, not merely to have con-
ceptions formed in us by the Spirit, but to utter
those conceptions in such familiar and common
expressions, that others may be profited by
them. " Else," saith he, " When thou shalt
bless with the spirit, how shall he that is un-
learned, say, Amen ?" ver. 18. That is, how
shall he that understands not what thou sayest,
because it is uttered in a strange language, give
his consent and join with thee, in those peti-
tions, and thanksgivings, though in themselves
never so holy and good 1 Which the people
did at the end of the Prayers, by saying,
" Amen," so be it.
Which words are a demonstration he speaks
of Prayer in public, or common Prayer. Which
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216 PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED
from hence it is evident was then in greatest
esteem, because, in comparison with this, the
apostle undervalues even an extraordinary gift
of Prayer, which a private person had, where-
by he alone was profited. He prayed well,
but others not being edified thereby, because
they understood not what he said, it was a
great diminution of its worth, and made it of
less price in the apostle's account. And we
all agree he had the spirit of God, and could
as well judge what was best, as what was
good. Now this was best in his judgment, to
have the Prayer made public, that all might
join in it, and not remain merely a private good.
And indeed that Spirit (it may be noted un-
der this head) which enlivens the whole body
of the Church, moves every member of it unto
this, to join in its common offices, for the ser-
vice of the whole. Which it is the very scope
of the apostle to demonstrate, in those three
chapters, xii. xiii. xiv. of the first epistle to the
Corinthians, that they ought in every thing to
act as members of a body, seeking the im-
provement one of another, by the exercise of
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BY THE apostles' PRACTICE. 217
all their gifts, not separately, but conjunctly, so
that all might partake of the benefit. And who-
soever he is, that hath any sense of such a
thing, as the body of Christ, whereof he is one
member, he will never think that what he doth
alone is as good as what he performs in fellow-
ship, with the rest of the members. No, if he
say the same Prayers, and offer the same
Praises in private, which the Church offers in
public, he cannot reasonably think there is no
difference, nor imagine that both alike are
God's service ; because what he doth in con-
junction with the rest of the body, is most
agreeable to God's Holy Spirit, by which this
body is linked together, and every part of it
moved to act for the good of the whole.
I conclude this with the words of Mr.
Thorndike; " To imadne that Pray- „ , ,
' O J Relig. Assembly
ers at home will be as acceptable to ^'^'^'
God, as those made in the Church with our
brethren, is as if one should have fancied
that the incense of the temple, spoken of
Psal. cxli. 1. (which was a compound of seve-
ral precious gums) made no other perfume.
a
218
PUBLIC PRAYERS CONFIRMED.
?
than the spices would have done, had they
been burnt one by one."
O-
-o
o
CONSIDERATIONS TO THIS ARGUMENT. 219
CHAPTER XVII.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO STRENGTHEN THIS
ARGUiMENT.
VII. /^ OD hath also appointed a public order
^^ of men, to direct and govern Chris-
tian assemblies, and to minister therein ; both by-
giving Christian instruction, and by gffering up
the common Prayers of the Church to God, and
blessing the people in His name.
This is another convincing argument, both
that Christ designed public assemblies, because
He hath appointed public ministers to officiate
there, and that the Prayers made there, are to
be preferred before private devotions, because
there we partake of the service of God's minis-
ters, the benefit whereof we lose, if we con-
tent ourselves with what we do at home.
There is nothing more apparent in the Holy
Writings, than that our Lord would have such
an order of men set apart, for His divine ser-
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220 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
vice in the Church. Whose ordination by His
special appointment and designation, is an as-
surance that their ministry therein is accepta-
ble to God; as well when they offer the peo-
ple's Prayers to Him, and bless them in His
name, as when they deliver His word to the
people, and teach them how to pray, and to per-
form all other duties of a Christian life. Both of
these are necessary, and their office is designed
for both, but especially for the first, — to minis-
ter the divine service of the Church. The
principal of which is the Eucharist ; wherein
they dispense the most precious tokens of
Christ's love to His body, the Church, by
Prayers and by Thanksgivings to God for the
redemption of the world, by that death of
Christ upon the cross. Which ought to be
publicly celebrated, because it is an annuncia-
tion of the Lord's death, wherein we publish,
and show it forth, till He come ; and never was
administered, nor can be, by any other persons,
but those whom our Lord hath entrusted to be
stewards of His mysteries.
For whose Prayers, and public service in
o '
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STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 221
the Church, if men have not a greater esteem,
it is because they have no religion, or no true
knowledge thereof.
For if they believed that God hath any
ministers, (as He hath, if there be any such
thing as religion) who are peculiarly sanctified,
that is, set apart for His service, they would
believe that God conveys some blessings by
their ministry ; and look upon their ordination
as a seal, that He who hath thereby appointed
them to be instruments of His for the salvation
of men's souls, will by these instruments effect
the thing whereunto He hath ordained them,
and particularly give men His blessing by
their means ; and accept those Prayers which
these servants of His offer up unto Him, for
them, and in their name.
For that praying for the people is a special
part of their work, we may learn from St.
James, v. 14. where he directs those to whom
he writes, when any man was sick, to " send
for the elders of the Church, and let them
pray over him." Which no less belonged to
their office, we may be sure, when men w^ere
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222 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
well, than when they were sick, being a part of
their daily ministration, for the whole body of
the Church. Whose weaker Prayers, as I
noted before out of St. Chrysoslom, being helped
by the stronger Prayers of God's ministers, go
up to heaven together with them.
All Christians indeed are called, " a holy
and a royal priesthood, to offer up spiritual
sacrifices acceptable to God by Christ Jesus,"
1 Pet. ii. 5, 9. but it is manifest by these very
words, that they are not so singly, but in a
body, when they pray and give thanks, to-
gether with him that ministers the divine ser-
vice in the Church, the " spiritual house," of
which the apostle there speaks, in which spi-
ritual sacrifices were offered up to God. And
since sacrifices were offered only in public, in
the place God appointed for them, we may
thence, I think, conclude, that our Prayers,
praises, and thanksgivings are then only sa-
crifices, when made in our assemblies, and
that then we act as priests unto God, and not
at other times.
The principal sacrifice of Christians, I am
(>^ O
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STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 223
sure, is in its own nature a public service ;
and is to be so esteemed, even virhen it is ad-
ministered to the sick in private, who receive
it as part of that body, which is supposed con-
tinually to offer this sacrifice. I mean the
Holy Communion, wherein we offer to God,
with prayers, praises, and thanksgivings, a
commemoration of the sacrifice of Christ upon
the cross for us. For this we ought all to
meet as frequently as we can, that we may
conjunctly and openly acknowledge this bene-
fit ; because, though this be the principal and
immediate intention of this action, it hath re-
spect also to that communion which we have
one with another, as mutual members, and
with Christ our head, as His body. So the
apostle teaches us, when he saith, " the cup
of blessing, which we bless, is it not the com-
munion of the blood of Christ ? The bread
which we break, is it not the communion of the
body of Christ 1 For we being many are one
bread, and one body, for we are all partakers
of that one bread." 1 Cor. x. 16, 17. And
therefore, since we are not members of the
O O
, ^ ^
224 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
same body, unless we be knit together in one ;
and we are not knit together in one, but by
the communion of the body and blood of
Christ ; and we cannot have that communion
but by assembling together, to eat of one
bread and drink of one cup ; it is manifest to
all that there is the greatest necessity of pub-
lic assemblies, where this is the chief business,
for which Christians should meet together in
one body as oft as is possible ; and at all other
times, beseech God to accept their sacrifices
for the sake of that perfect sacrifice, oblation,
and satisfaction, which Christ hath made, and
which we commemorate.
Here also, in the public assemblies, cen-
sures were inflicted upon public offenders, as
we learn from the apostle, 1 Corinth, v. 4. as
well as from Tertullian in his apology; and
many such like things I might add to the
same purpose, if I had room for them, and had
not other material considerations to press,
which ought not to be omitted.
VIII. Among which, this is not inconsi-
derable, that the public service of the Church,
o-
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STRExNGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 225
by them ministered, is so acceptable imto
God, that the angels, God's heavenly ministers,
attend in such holy assemblies, and make a
part of them. For this is the reason St. Paul
gives, 1 Corinth, xi. 10. why a woman should
cover her head in time of Prayer, that is, be
in a humble and reverend posture ; " because
of the angels." Whose presence in the assem-
bly of Christians, is a token of Christ's blessed
presence, in the midst of them, according to
His own promise before mentioned, Matth.
xviii. 20. " For where the angels are said to
be, there God is present," as the Hebrews ob-
serve ; and not without good ground for what
they say. For when Jacob saw angels in a
vision, ascending and descending upon a ladder,
which stood on the earth, and reached unto
heaven, he said, as soon as he was awake,
"how dreadful is this place?" (that is, with
what reverence should I behave myself here ?)
" this is no other but the house of God, and
this is the gate of heaven." He concludes
God to be present, because the angels were,
who are His ministers and attendants. And
15
: -a
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226 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
accordingly we are to understand these words
of the apostle, as intended to signify a divine
presence among us, when we are reverently
assembled together to worship God, in Hi^
holy places.
Which the ancient Christians looked upon,
as a singular encouragement to attend upon
the public Prayers ; because then a Christian
prays with the angels, '*»5 «» "'}<^'? »««' Wct^yfAo;,
(they are the words of Clemens Al- l. ^j- gtrom.
ex mdrinus) as already, especially, P' '^'^
at that time, equal even to an angel, and will
not be out of the precinct of those holy guar-
dians, when he prays alone, but then also have
their company. Of which Origen p^^m
hath a set discourse, in his book of ^""'■^°-
Prayer, lately published; where mentioning
the words of the Psalmist, among others, "The
angel of the Lord encampeth round about them
that fear Him," &c. he thus proceeds, " it is
probable that when many are assembled together
sincerely to the glory of Christ, the angel of
every one of them, there pitcheth his tent, to-
gether with him that is committed to his
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STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 227
charge and custody ; so as to make a doiihle
Church, where the saints are gathered together;
one Church of men, and another Church of
angels."
IX. But if there was nothing of this in it,
yet the " communion of saints" here on earth
(which is an article of our creed) shovdd invite
us unto that public service. For how do we
maintain communion with them, if we join not
with those, among whom we live, in the assem-
blies of the saints? That is, of Christians,
who are all a holy people to the Lord, by their
solemn dedication to Him in their baptism, and
by their holy profession, and meeting together
continually for holy offices. Which if any
man forsake, he is no longer holy, but pro-
fane ; renouncing so far, the christian faith,
which teaches him to keep the communion of
saints, by having fellowship with them in
Prayer, especially in the Eucharist, which is the
communion of Christ's body and blood. By
partaking of which, we have the nearest com-
munion also one with another, being made
one body, as I have said already, by partaking
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228 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
all of that one bread, 1 'Corinthians, x. 17.
Communion indeed, or fellowship, is m one
place, made a thing distinct, from " breaking
of bread, and Prayers," Act. ii. 42., and sig-
nifies, some think, communicating to each
others' necessities. Which notice of commu-
nion, if we understand to be meant in the
creed, it makes no less to my purpose than
the other. For we must consider that this
was done in their public assemblies, whereby
their communicating to the needs of their bre-
thren became an acceptable offering unto God,
together with their Prayers. This we learn
from the 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2. Where St. Paul
speaks of the collections for the saints, as a
part of the business of the first day of the
week, both there and in the Churches of Ga-
latia. When they did not forget this well-
pleasing sacrifice (as it is called Heb. xiii. 16.)
but acknowledged God's bounty to themselves,
by the relief they sent to others ; and by such
a public contribution, maintained also a sense
and fellow-feeling of one another's condition,
and made a profession that they all belonged
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STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 229
to one and the same body, though never so
far distant one from another. The sense of
which we are apt to lose, when we join not
together in such actions of piety. Whereby
brotherly love and kindness is likewise nou-
rished, and we are knit together in the ten-
derest affection, while we look upon one ano-
ther, not only as children of the same common
Father, but as limbs of the same body. Who
naturally, " have the same care one for another;
and whether one member suffer, all the mem-
bers suffer with it : or one member be honoured,
all the members rejoice with it." 1 Cor. xii.
25, 26.
In this brotherly love, and in the same faith,
some think the unity of the body of Christ
entirely consists. But they should consider
that this brotherly love and care flows from
the unity of Christ's body, which consists
therefore in the conjunction of every member
with the rest, and keeping communion one
with another, in all the common offices of
religion, in Christian assemblies. From which
whosoever departs, or refuses to join therein,
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230 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
he breaks the unity of the body of Christ,
which is His Church. And though he do the
same thing alone, which is done in those as-
semblies, yet it is not the same thing in the ac-
count of Christ ; who looks upon such a man
as gone from Him, by going from His body, the
Church.
X. I will add one thing more; which is,
that the service of God, in the Church trium-
phant in heaven, is a public service : and
they do not worship God separately, there,
but join together in His praises. This we are
taught by St. John^ Rev. vii. 11, where after
a great multitude had been representecj. to
Him, which no man could number, of all na-
tions and kindred and tongues; who stood
before the throne, and before the Lamb, cry-
ing with a loud voice, and saying, " Salvation
to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and
unto the Lamb" (whereby, no doubt, is signi-
fied the service of the Christian Church,) then
it follows, that " all the angels also stood
round about the throne, and about the elders,
and the four beasts, and fell before the throne
O 6
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STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT. 231
on their faces, and worshipped God, saying.
Amen. Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and
thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and
might, be unto our God, for ever and ever."
They said, that is, " Ameu" to the Christian
service, and also added their own ; giving
glory to God in one body (for it is the voice
of all angels) as the Christian Church did.
Let this be seriously pondered, and we shall
endeavour to approach as near unto them as
we can ; by joining, as they do, in one society
of the Church, to worship God. For so doing,
we join ourselves to the society also of the holy
angels ; as the angels, St. John here informs
us, do to the society of Christian worshippers.
They and we make but one body in Christ, in
wh m God " hath gathered together in one all
things ; both which are in heaven, and which
are on earth ;" and this unity consists, it is
manifest by this vision of St. John, in their
communion one with another, in holy offices :
which the Church in heaven (where it is be-
come most perfectly one,) doth most sacredly
keep and preserve.
O
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232
A RECAPITULATION OF THE
CHAPTER XVIII.
A RECAPITULATION OF THE FOUR FOREGOING
CHAPTERS, WITH SOME INFERENCES FROM
THENCE.
T AY now all these things together ; that the
-^-^ Church in the very notion of it is an
assembly of men and women called to meet
together ; and therefore the Christian Church
is such an assembly, called to join together in
worshipping God by Christ Jesus ; who Him-
self hath supposed this, in the Prayer He gave
His disciples : and hath promised his special
presence, in such assemblies ; which the apos-
tles constantly held, and there received the
first and best fruits of His love, in the descent
of the Holy Ghost ; which drew all converts
every where, into the same blessed conjunc-
tion ; for which holy places were appointed,
where they constantly assembled, and where
the extraordinary gift of Prayer, was to be
made common, or else looked upon as of little
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 233
value; where God hath appointed His minis-
ters to attend, and there offer up the Prayers
of His people, and bless them in His name ;
where the angels also are present, and delight
to see us assembled, that we may maintain the
communion of saints here on earth, and be
fitted for the company of the blessed in hea-
ven ; who all join together in giving blessing,
and praise, and honour unto Him, Whom we
worship ; Who is far exalted above all bless-
ing, and praise, either of ours on earth, or of
their' s in heaven ; consider, I say, all this, and
then think what an error they live in, who
make little or no account of the public assem-
blieSf but imagine they can pray and serve
God, as well by themselves alone. This is a
most unchristian thought, directly contrary to
the very frame of our holy religion, which
therefore ought, with all diligence, to be ex-
ploded out of every one of our minds.
As for those who do not barely neglect the
public service, but refuse to join in it, they
are still in a far worse condition, having bro-
ken themselves off from the body of Christ ;
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234 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
which the ancient Church thought so heinous
a crime, that they looked upon their Prayers as
an abomination. For so I find in
CanoD 2.
the council of Antioch, that such
Christians were condemned, as going into any
private house, prayed together with those
who would not join in the Prayers of the
Church. None of the Church were to join in
their Prayers ; if any did, they thought it equal
to the crime of communicating with excom-
municated persons. The like I ^^^^^ 3
find in the council of Laodicea.
And the canons ascribed to the apostles speak
to the same purpose. And this sentence of
those councils, is very conformable to the
sense of the ancient Jews, whose maxim this
was (as Mr. Thorndike observes) j^^j.^ ^^^g^.
" He that dwells in a city where ^'^* ^' "'^'
there is a synagogue, and prays not there with
the congregation, this i i he who is called a
had neighbour^ And well may he be called
bad, who will have no society in the best
things ; who cuts himself ofi', by his own act,
from the congregation of the Lord ; who will
C !
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 2
not afford his neighbours the help of his
Prayers ; who lives as if the world could be
governed, without taking any notice of God,
the supreme governor ; who directly over-
throws the Christian religion, and destroys the
very notion of a church ; who hath no regard
to holy places, and slights God's ministers ;
who withdraws hiniself from God's special
presence and protection, and defies all the
blessed company of heaven. Among whom
he can never hope to find any entertainment,
nor to be received into the celestial habita-
tions, having shut himself here out of the
society of saints, and the place where God's
honour dwelleth.
Would to God such things as these were
seriously and deeply considered by us all, that
our minds might be awaked to a diligent and
constant attendance upon the public assem-
blies. Which our Lord hath taken the great-
est care to establish, and unto which He hath
also granted very high privileges, lest they
should fall into contempt or neglect, through
men's idleness, or covetousness, or conceited-
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236 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
ness, or any other means whatsoever. Certain
it is, if we had a hearty love to our religion,
and understood it, we could not but be so in
love with the public exercises of it, as every
DAY, if it lay in our power, to go into God's
house, and there recommend ourselves, and
His whole Church to His grace and mercy.
For there is no way, it is evident from what
hath been said, to uphold and support the
Church, like to this ; we being a church, by
meeting together, to have communion in the
same Prayers. Which the oftener we have,
the more we look like a Church, and act like
members of the body of Christ, who are com-
bined and knit together, for mutual preserva-
tion. As on the contrary the seldomer we
meet, the less there is of the face of a Church
among us : which cannot be preserved from
ruin, when the public assemblies are generally
neglected, because the Church falls to decay,
by that very neglect.
Let us therefore set ourselves to maintain the
Church of which we are members, by main-
taining public assemblies ; and suffering no
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 237
day to pass without a solemn meeting in as full
a body as we can make, for the duties of our
religion. This would be both an ornament
and a strength and establishment to our religion.
The truth which we profess, would hereby be
both honoured and confirmed, and appear with
greater authority, as well as beauty in the eyes
of all its adversaries ; when they beheld the
multitude, the unanimity, and the order and con-
stancy of those that assert it. The better and
gentler sort of them would be the more easily
won to join with us, and they whose hearts are
alienated from us, would be the less inclined to
set themselves against us.
And, for the grace and favour of God, which
is the chief thing of all. Christians may promise
it to themselves for their protection against
all their adversaries, when they constantly
and earnestly seek it, with their joint prayers
and supplications. Which will be powerful
also for the settling such as are wavering in
their religion; whom the constant authority
likewise of a great number of faithful people,
cannot but be of much moment to contain in
O 6
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238 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
their duty, for men are ashamed to forsake a
multitude, when they easily desert small num-
bers.
The ancient Christians were so possessed
with this sense, that they looked upon their
Prayers, as " the impregnable bulwark of the
chrysostom. Church, an unshaken garrison ; ter-
p, o . ^.^^^ ^^ ^^^ devils, and salutary to
God's pious worshippers." Insomuch that St.
Basil, speaking of God's gathering the waters
together, which He called seas, and saw it was
good, Gen. i. 16., falls into a pious meditation,
how much more acceptable to Him, such a
collection, or gathering together of the Church,
must needs be, " in which the mixed
In Hexameron. j r i i 1. -l
Horn. iv. 8ub. sound 01 men and women aid chil-
hn.
dren, making a noise like the waves
dashing against the shore, is sent up to God in
Prayers. A ofound calm and tranquillity
shall preserve such a Church unmoveable.
The spirit of wickedness shall have no power
to trouble it, with heretical doctrines." By
which passage we learn, both how full their
assemblies were wont to be, and that the Pray-
O
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 239
ers were understood by all the people, who
with one voice said the same that the priest
did, (as we now do in our general confession,)
and that they hoped for great security from
their common supplications to God, for His
watchful providence over them.
And thus our own Church, in the Second
Collect for morning Prayer, by teaching us to
look upon our " Eternal life as standing in the
knowledge of God, and to esteem His service
to be perfect freedom," inforces our resort
unto Him continually for our defence in that
service and knowledge, " in all assaults of our
enemies." The effect of which it instructs us
to hope will be this, " that we surely trusting
in His defence, may not fear the power of any
adversaries, through the might of Jesus Christ
our Lord." This St. Chrysostom „ « ^
J Horn, in S. Luci-
admirably represents, as his man- *°"" '^"'''°^-
ner is, in a sermon upon an ancient martyr.
" As a man that always stands upon a rock,
laughs the waves to scorn, so he that enjoys
the daily Prayers, and is moistened with the
divine words, having seated himself as upon
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240 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
the rock of a right judgment of things, will be
carried away with nothing here, being raised
aloft, out of the reach of all the afiairs of this
life. And that not only from the good admo-
nitions he daily receives, but from the Prayers,
and from the paternal benediction, and from
the common convention, and from the love of
the brethren, and from abundance of other
things, reaping much benefit and spiritual con-
solation, he goes home laden with a thousand
blessings, insomuch that a bride, in his opinion,
is not so beautiful and amiable, when she sits
in her bridal chamber, as a soul is wonderful
and glorious when it appears in the Church,
breathing forth spiritual graces :" which he
compares to fragrant ointments. " For he that
is conversant there with faith, and diligence,
carries away innumerable treasures, and though
never so many dreadful things befall him, he
will bear them all easily, being sufficiently fur-
nished, out of the holy Scriptures, with pa-
tience and philosophy." He means the wise
thoughts, which the belief of the gospel puts
into us.
O
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS.
241
For which reason it was that the enemies
of our religion, bent their forces not so much
against particular persons, as against their as-
semblies, which they endeavoured with all
their might to destroy, as the nurseries of the
Christian faith. Which being dispersed, they
doubted not but the faith itself would be lost,
in that disorder. They no longer looked upon
Christians as a Church, when they did not
meet together, but as so many scattered limbs
of a body, which no longer subsists, when the
members are distracted, and torn asunder.
Against these strong holds therefore they laid
their batteries, hoping when they were beaten
down, they should presently triumph over their
religion. Which they knew it was hard to
overcome, whilst a great body of men remain-
ed, knit together continually for its support,
by many bonds, and holy mysteries, and the
strictest sacraments.
For which cause likewise it was, that Chris-
tian people could not be persuaded to omit
their assemblies, no not in time of persecution,
when there was the greatest danger, if they
16
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242 A RECAPITUATION OF THE
held them. We learn so much from their very-
persecutors, particularly from the famous let-
ter which Pliny wrote to the emperor Trajan
about this matter ; wherein we are informed,
that, when it was not safe in the day time,
they met before the morning light to sing
hymns to Christ, as their God. To what shall
we impute this zeal? Might they not have
served God as well alone 1 No, they under-
stood their religion better, than to be of that
opinion, and knew it could not stand, if they
did not thus join together to uphold it. Their
enemies, they knew, wished for nothing more,
than that these assemblies might be broken,
which, whilst they continued, were the pillar
and stay of the Christian truth.
And do we pretend to be Christians, and to
love our religion, and to desire, nay hope for
its safety and prosperity, and make so little
account of these holy assemblies, that the
smallest matter will hinder our attendance on
them? Let us not, against the clearest de-
monstrations, persist in such a stupid error.
But awaken, or rather inflame ourselves unto
6 — ^ ^
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 243
such a degree of zeal, as to meet together
daily, where we have opportunity for it, to
give glory to God in His Church by Christ
Jesus j and to commend His Church, as well
as ourselves and families, to the protection of
His good Providence, saying, " 0 Lord, save
Thy people, and bless Thine inheritance." It
cannot be imagined what satisfaction we should
find herein did we make this our most seri-
ous business ; and, in.^tead of the excuses we
now make for our negligence, give all diligence
thus to adorn, confirm, and secure our most
holy religion.
It cannot be denied indeed, that this hath
been an error of long standing ; for when the
Church had rest from persecution, her children
began, by degrees, to grow remiss and wanton.
Prosperity and ease corrupted them, and they
cooled so much in their first love, that ma y
of them came but seldom, to do their duty un-
to God their Saviour. But tins was an extreme
great grief to their pastors, and brought the
heaviest calamities upon Christian people.
Hear how the often named Father bewails
o — ^c
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244 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
this, " That the Church having brought forth
many children, she could not enjoy their com-
pany, every time they assembled to
St. Chrysost. de -^ •" *' -^
fu.'Hom.xx'v'. remember our Saviour, but only
upon a festival. When you are all
full of joy to day, I alone am full of sorroM^,
and orieved at heart : to think that the Church
which now hath such multitudes in it, will to-
morrow be empty. 0 how great spiritual ex-
ultation, how great joy, how great glory to
God, how great profit to souls would there be,
if every time we assemble, we could behold the
Church as full as it is at this solemn time ? Do
you not see how the mariners and pilots, when
they are upon the sea, labour all they can, to
get into their port ? And we, on the contrary,
love to be tossed up and down in the sea of
this world ; engaging ourselves in innumer-
able secular affairs, which so take up all our
thoughts and our time, that here we appear
scarce once or twice in the whole year. Are
ye ignorant, that as God made havens in the
sea, so He hath made Churches in cities, that
flying from the tumult, or tempest rather of
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 245
secular affairs, we may here enjoy the greatest
tranquillity ? And for this I may appeal to
all your own consciences, whether you find
not here such quiet and peace, that you may
truly call the Church, the spiritual haven of
the soul. For anger here gives no disturbance
(the storms of passions cease) lust doth not in-
flame ; envy doth not gnaw ; pride puffs not
up ; nor doth the love of vain glory corrupt •
but all these wild beasts are tamed, as by a
divine charm, as soon as the hearing of the
holy Scriptures enters, at every man's ears,
into his soul, and lays all these unreasonable
passions asleep. Who then will not judge them
to be miserable wretches, that when they
might be partakers of such great wisdom and
grace, will not gather themselves together con-
tinually, and come to the common mother of
us all, I mean the Church? For what more
necessary business canst thou pretend ? What
more gainful meeting? Or what should hin-
der thee from letting us here have thy com-
pany?"
This is a lesson he repeats very often, parti-
(^ _ ^ ^
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246 A RECAPITULATION OF THE
cularly in a Sermon he preached a little after
Whitsuntide, " Where he complains
Horn. V. de An- i i i • • t t i
naTom. 2. that hc had in vain persuaded them,
at the last solemn assembly, to continue in
their Father s house, not merely appear there
on a festival, and then leave it. And there-
fore desires his constant auditors, that they
would try to induce their neighbours, by re-
presenting to them, that though Pentecost were
gone, yet the festival was not gone therewith-
For every holy meeting, (saith he,) is a feast;
as appears from the words of Christ Himself;
' Where two or three are gathered together in
My Name, there am I in the midst of them.'
When Christ is in the midst of those who are
assembled, what other demonstration, greater
than this, would we have of a festival ? Where
there is the sacred doctrine and Prayer, where
the benedictions of Fathers, and the hearing of
the holy laws, where the meeting together of
brethren, and the bond of sincere love and
charity, where converse with God, and God
speaking to men, how can there choose but be
a festival, and a day of public rejoicing ? For
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FOUR FOREGOING CHAPTERS. 247
not the multitude, but the virtue of those that
are gathered together, makes a festival; not the
fine clothes, but the ornaments of piety ; not a
rich table, but careful provision for the soul-
Tlie greatest feast is a good conscience. And
therefore we may keep a feast every day, if we
will exercise virtue, if we will purify the con-
science. For in what doth the great festival
differ from this day, but only in tumult and
noise, and in nothing else 1 For to-day you
may enjoy the holy mysteries, and partake of
other spiritual benefits, viz., Prayer, Hearing,
Blessing, Charity, and all other things, and
therefore it is as good a day as any."
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248 OF DAILY
CHAPTER XIX.
OF DAILY PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES, AND OF HOURS,
AND GESTURES OF PRAYER.
XT may be thought, perhaps, by some, that I
-■- go too far, in pressing a daily attendance
upon the public Prayers, which they imagine is
but a superfluous piece of devotion, a great deal
more than needs ; but if they would lay a very
few things together, and consider them seriously,
they would alter their opinion ;
First, let it be considered that there was
anciently, a morning and evening sacrifice,
every day publicly offered to God at the tem-
ple ; which was called the continual burnt-
offering, ordained by Him on mount Sinai,
Numb, xxviii. 3, 6. Exod. xxix. 42. Secondly,
that such sacrifices were acknowledgments to
God, and Prayers for the obtaining His favour,
1. Sam. xiii. 12. Thirdly, that the reiterated
precepts of the gospel, which require us to
" pray alway," and to " pray without ceasing,"
O ^ ^ O
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PUBLIC ASSEiMBLIES. 249
were never thought by any Christian to signify
less, than praying as oft as the Jews offered sa-
crifice ; that is, morning, and evening, which
may, with propriety enough, be called, praying
continually, or without ceasing ; as those morn-
ing and evening sacrifices at the temple, were
called the continual burnt-ofiering. And Fourth-
ly, that no reason can be given, why those sa-
crifices were publicly offered, which will not
make it as necessary that we should have pub-
lic Prayers ; which are most for the honour of
God, 1 have proved before, and every way ad-
vantageous to us. And then we can make no
other conclusion but this, that morning and
evening Prayer ought every day to be offered
to God in our public assemblies ; and that we
ought to be glad of the opportunity to join
therein, as the people did with the priest, who
ministered in the temple. For when he was
in the sanctuary at the altar of incense, pray-
ing, " the whole multitude of the people were
praying without, at the time of incense," Luke
i. 10, 11,13.
All the people of the land indeed could not
-O
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250 OF DAILY
possibly come thither every day to worship,
but they had their synagogues in the country,
where at the time of morning and evening sa-
crifice, they met together to pray, and hear the
law of God read to them. And a
Pr. Ligh'foot's . in I'l
Temple Service Certain numbcr of men were like-
c. vii. Sect 3.
wise appointed from among them,
whom they called stationary men, to attend
constantly in their courses at the temple, in
the name of the rest, whom they represented.
Which things considered, we cannot think it
fit to have no assemblies, but only on the Lord's
day ; especially when we observe that the an-
cient prophets expressly say, there should be
as frequent devotion in the days of Christ, as
there had been in former times. So we read in
that famous prophecy, Psal. Ixxii. 15. " Prayer
shall be made for Him, (or to Him) contin-
ually (a plain allusion to the continual burnt-
offering) and daily shall He be praised."
Which, that it is meant of public Prayers and
praises is evident, from the offerings which it
is there said shall be brought to Him ; and
from the eff'ect hereof in the 17th ver. " His
O :
PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 251
Name shall be continued for ever : and men
shall be blessed in Him ; all nations shall call
Him blessed." Thus the Chaldee Paraphrast
understood those words, ver. 5. " They shall
fear Thee, as long as the sun and moon en-
dure throughout all generations :" that is, saith
he, they shall in all ages, " pray before Thee,"
(which is comprehended in the fear of God,
whereby is often meant His worship and ser-
vice) " with the sun, and before, or in the
presence of the moon." As much as to say, in
the morning when the sun arises, and again at
night, when the moon shines, they shall by de-
vout Prayers express their reverence to Him,
the king of the world.
Where people, indeed, in country villages, lie
scattered one from another, and have abundance
of business which call them several ways, it
cannot be expected, that there should be every
day such assemblies. But in c ties, and in
market towns, where they live nearer together,
and have, on most days, a geat deal of leisure
(which to my knowledge is spent by many peo-
ple there, in mere idleness or pleasure) it is of
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252 OF DAILY
absolute necessity, if we will do our duty com-
pletely to God our Saviour, that assemblies
should be maintained and frequented, as they
anciently were and still are in most parts of
the Christian world. For the apostles of Christ
immediately upon His ascension into heaven,
persisted in the ancient practice of public de-
votion, being " continually (i. e. at morning
and evening Prayer) in the temple, praising,
and blessing God," Luke xxiv. 53. And after,
by the power of the Holy Ghost coming on
them, they had settled Churches, we read the
" four living creatures, and the twenty-four
elders (by which are certainly meant the gov-
ernors of the Christian Church) rested not day
and night, saying, holy, ho y, holy. Lord God
Almighty," &c. ; that is, morning and evening
they fell down before God, and worshipped Him
that liveth for ever and eve . Which practice
ever since continued in the Church ; which, in
that heavenly hymn, commonly ascribed to St.
Ambrose, hath constantly said, " day by day
we magnify Thy name."
For which end certain hours, as well as a
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 253
certain place, have been always appointed, that
men might so order their other affairs, as to be
able to mind this great business, of giving
thanks and praise to God, the Creator of all,
and imploring His blessing on them in their
several callings and conditions, and on their
Church and country, and finally on the whole
world. It is so sure that the Jews had such
set hours of Prayer, that I do not think lit to
say much of a matter so well known. I will
only note that they were the third hour, the
sixth, and the ninth. Which the Christian
Church afterward observed, and that from the
example of the apostles themselves. For St.
Peter even when he was not at Jerusalem, went
up to the house-top to pray, about the sixth
hour, i. e., twelve o'clock. Which we cannot
doubt was his usual custom, and as little doubt
that it was the custom of the other apostles :
and by them everywhere propagated through-
out all the Churches. Which, the ancient
writers of Christianity tell us observed those
very set hours of prayer. So Clemens in his
Constitutions, vii. 24. and Clemens Alexandri-
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254 OF DAILY
nus in L. vii. of his Stromata, where he calls
them the set, appointed hours." And Ter-
tullian in his book of Fasting, chapter 10.
Origen also in his book of Prayer, proves
from several scripture examples, that it ought
not to be made less than three times every day.
N. 38. And that such was the practice in St.
Chrysostoin' s days, I shall have occasion to
shew, in the end of this cha,pter, which is still
continued in our great Churches everywhere.
I will here only transcribe the words of St.
Hieron upon the vi. Dan. 10. " There are
three times, in which our knees ought to be
bowed to God, at the third hour, the sixth, and
the ninth, as the ecclesiastical tradition instructs
us. At the third hour the Holy Ghost descend-
ed upon the apostles ; at the sixth Peter went
up to pray in the upper-chamber ; and at the
ninth, Peter and John went up together into
the temple."
Whether the public service of God was every-
where celebrated three times a day, or only
upon the Lord's day, and in great cities every
day, may justly be questioned. And I incline
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES 255
to think it was not every day, in all places
celebrated more than twice ; because the con-
stitutions, ascribed to the apostles (which are
undoubtedly very ancient) enjoin no more, but
morning and evening Prayer. The words are
very remarkable, directed to the ^ 2. constit
bishop to whom they say, " com- ^■
mand and exhort the people, to come continual-
ly to Church, morning and evening every day,
and not to fail at all ;" and then they mention
in the same place, three services upon the Lord's
day, as more solemn than all the rest. Which
is exactly suitable to God's appointment among
the Jews, who had daily the morning and even-
ing offering, and on the Sabbath day, another
offering, beside the continual burnt-offering,
as we read expressly. Numb, xxviii. 9, 10.
They had indeed at the temple, other offerings
every day, about twelve o'clock ; but they were
not the sacrifices of the whole congregation of
Israel, as the morning and evening sacrifices
were, but the sacrifices of particular persons,
on particular occasions. And accordingly all
Christians prayed publicly twice every day,
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256 OF DAILY
morning and evening, and had another hour
also for private Prayers, which was about noon,
conformable to that of the Psalmist, " Evening
and morning, and at noon will I pray, and cry
aloud : and He shall hear my voice." Psal.
Iv. 17.
It must not here be forgotten, there were
likewise two of the week days more solemnly
observed than the rest for public Prayers, viz.,
Wednesdays, and Fridays, as hath
Treatise of Re- , , , t /-\ t • ^
pentance.ip. 113. been elscwhere proved. On which
(Edit 1839.) ^
days there were three services, in
some places, as on the Lord's daj^ ; and in all
places, they took special care that nothing
should keep them then from the public assem-
blies, how negligent soever they were at other
times. And the devouter sort also fasted, on
those two days, that they might have more
time for Prayer, and be excited to greater fer-
vour in it, by a deep sense of their own unwor-
thiness, of the least of God's blessings.
Aiid do we now think to please God, and to
preserve our religion, without any of this care,
either on those days, or on others, but only on
O— ---.-- .=--. . — -.-^ 0
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 257
tlie LorcVs day ? Then the Christian Church
in all ages, till these later times, hath been
too officious, though it followed the plain in-
structions, and the best patterns of the holy
Scriptures. Which have been so universally
understood to enjoin a daily public service of
God, that there is no Christian country, that I
can find at this day, by whom this tribute is
not paid unto Him. All the Eastern Christians
(as a learned divine and o^reat tra-
^ Dr. Basire'B
veller hath informed us) Greek, Ar- ^^^^^^^ |Xp
menian, and others, constantly per- 95. ^"AJiT'see
•^ ^ Chemnitias Ex-
form it ; in the west, the Church of dr„i.^p"rs''4^p!
Rome still observes this practice : ^^' """
and in Germany both the Lutherans and the
Calvinists have their public offices and full
congregations. So we have in these islands,
and in many places, full congregations also :
though in others alas ! either no public assem-
blies, or scandalously empty. Which is a
very great shame, as the forementioned Dr.
Basire speaks, that when now under the gos-
pel, God doth not require our lambs (which
were offered publicly twice every day by the
17
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258 OF DAILY
Jews ) we should not daily give Him the calves
of our lips, as the Prophet's phrase is, that is,
pray to Him, and praise Him, and give Him
thanks in the public congregation.
Why the Reformed Churches in France did
not thus constantly assemble, as they do in
Germany, it is not my business to inquire.
Mr. Calvin I am sure both approved of this
practice, and wished it were restored, in more
places of his works than one ; by noting which,
what I have said will be confirmed, and some
reason also given of this omission. For hav-
con^mentiniii. mg obscrvcd, that God appointed a
morning and evening sacrifice to be
oflfered among the Jews, and thereby taught
them to begin and close the day with invoca-
tion and the worship of God ; and (a little
after) that He also appointed stated hours for
these sacrifices, to teach us that the Church
cannot be without a certain discipline ; he then
concludes, " and at this day, if too much slug-
gishness did not hinder, it would be useful
every day to hold such assemblies." And in
his discourse upon the fourth commandment
O ^
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 259
he not only asserts, that ecclesi-
astical assemblies are enioined by tionumc!ya
'' '' Sect. 32.
God's word, and that experience
sufficiently shews their necessity ; and that the
days and times must be stated and set, or else
they cannot be at all, but in answer to those
who objected " Why do we not rather meet
every day, that distinction of days may be
taken away ?" He thus replies, " Would to God
we were able so to do ; for certainly it was a
worthy spiiritual wisdom, which spared a little
proportion of time every day from other business,
for God's service. But if we cannot obtain
from the infirmity of many, that daily assem-
blies may be held, and respect to charity doth
not permit us to exact more of them : why do
we not yield obedience to that which we see
by the will of God is imposed upon us ?" And
he thus concludes his explication of that com-
mandment. " This general doctrine is espe-
cially to be held, that holy meetings be dili-
gently and religiously observed, and such ex-
ternal helps constantly used, as may serve to
support and cherish the service of God ; lest
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260 OF DAILY
religion, either fall to the ground, or languish
among us."
To which I think fit to add, what his opinion
was concerning set times of Prayer ; for his
words are very instructive. Upon Psalm Iv.
17. his note is, " That from the mention there,
of morning, evening, and noon, we may gather
that pious men had ' statas horas,' set hours
for Prayer in those times. Which good men
observed in their private devotions, because
then the public service of the temple was per-
formed by God's appointment. For the daily
sacrifice was offered every morning and eve-
ning ; and the mid-day, (saith he,) was ap-
pointed for other sacrifices." The reason of
which, he gives upon ver. 18. " Because we
are backward to this duty, therefore God in
fixing certain hours of Prayer, intended to cure
this infirmity. Which same reason ought to be
extended to private Prayer, as appears by this
place, with which the example of Daniel agrees."
And upon that practice of Daniel, he thus
writes in his notes on Dan. vi. 10. " This
example is worth the noting, of praying three
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 261
times a day, because, we easily forget this
duty, unless every one of us, prescribe to our-
selves certain hours for Prayer." From all
which it is apparent, that he looked upon set
hours for public divine service, as appointed
by God ; and that he also thought the reason
of it to be perpetual ; because, if we be left to
our liberty, we shall easily forget our duty ;
and perform that at no time, which we imagine
may be done at any time, as well as at that
which is appointed.
The benefit of which is this among others ;
that where there are no public assemblies, or
men cannot, by reason of sickness, or other
urgent cause, attend them, they may at those
set times offer some short Prayer to God in
private, and desire the public Prayers of the
Church, where they are continually made,
may be accepted with Him. By which means
they are in some sort present there, and the
Prayers they make in private become a part of
the public ; they praying as members of that
body, which is then met together in the house
of God. Thus St. Peter prayed privately, as
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262 OF DAILY
I observed above, at the sixth hour, when they
were praying at the temple, and in Christian
assemblies ; and though alone at that time, yet
he chose the same hours with theirs, that his
Prayers might be joined with the rest, and not
be single, but united desires.
Thus St. Chrysostom directs his people, in
answer to those who objected unto his press-
ing arguments for attending the public Pray-
ers, " How is it possible for a secular man en-
Hom.iT.de gaged in business to pray at the
Anna, oin, ^j^j.^^ hours cvcry day, and run to
Church V To which he replies in this manner,
" Though it be not easy for every man to run to
the Church so oft, yet it is easy for him, even
when he is in public business to pray to God ;
unto which not so much the voice is requisite,
as the mind. And therefore let no man excuse
himself, by saying the house of Prayer, is not
near to mine, for if we be watchful, the grace
of the Holy Spirit, will make every one of us a
temple of God. She that sits at the spindle,
may look up to heaven in her thoughts, and
call upon God with fervent desires ; and so
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 263
may he that is in the market, or in a journey,
or in his shop, making shoes ; in like manner
a servant, he that buys meat, he that dresses
it, and all the rest ; when it is not possible for
them to come to church, they may, notwith-
standing, make fervent and lively Prayers to
God ; Who doth not despise the place where
they are made, but desires alone warm affec-
tions, and a serious composed mind." And he
concludes thus, — " my meaning in all that I
have said is, that we should go to church as
oft as is possible ; and when we cannot, pray
at home in great quietness and tranquillity."
Which counsel if we would all follow ; that
is, if as many as can would come to the house
of God every day, and if they that cannot
would let their hearts be there, what blessings
might we not expect from God? What a
flourishing Church and happy kingdom might
we hope to see ? And there are a great many
people, I am sure, have leisure enough in all
cities and towns, to fill the churches, where
there are public Prayers ; nothing but that
sluggish dullness Mr. Calvin speaks of, is the
^ 6
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264 OF DAILY
hindrance ; which if men would shake off, and
awaken themselves to serious thoughts of God,
and the need they have of Him, and of con-
stant Prayer to Him, and such like things as I
have represented, there would be public Pray-
ers, where now there are none ; and men would
crowd every day into the house of God (where
there are) ' to worship Him, and give Him
thanks, and beseech Him to be gracious to
them. As for them whose condition and busi-
ness is such that they cannot possibly attend
them ; nothing can hinder them but their own
wills, from going thither in their minds, with
serious thoughts, and hearty affections, intreat-
ing the Father of mercies to hear the Prayers
of those who are thus assembled, and to pour
down His blessings on such as cannot, but
would be with them.
And all this it becomes us to do in the hum-
blest manner, according to the invitation and
direction of the Psalmist, which is recited every
day at morning Prayer, " O come, let us wor-
ship, and fall down, and kneel before the Lord
our Maker."
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 265
The Christian Church hath never been ac-
quainted with any other posture but this of
kneeling, in their Prayers to God ; saving only
between Easter and Whitsuntide, when in
memory of Christ's resurrection they were
wont to stand ; which was the common posture
of Prayer among the Jews, except in the time
of trouble and distress, when they also fell upon
their knees, Dan. ix. 20. Nay, when they
would express the greatest submission, lowli-
ness, reverence, and fear, they fell upon their
faces, as our Saviour did, just before His
agony, Matt. xxvi. 39. A posture far more
remote from theirs, who sit at their Prayers ;
which no man dare do, who is possessed with
an awful sense of his distance from God, and
considers how mean a creature he is, and how
unworthy to receive the smallest favour from
His hands. In short, we may say to such
men, as Malachi doth to those who brought
vile offerings unto the altar, with a little alter-
ation, " Go now to thy Governor and petition
Him in this posture. Will he be pleased
with thee, or accept of thy person ? " No man
6 1
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266 OF DAILY
hath the face to present himself unto his prince
in this saucy manner ; especially when he
comes to beg mercy of him, and pray him to
spare his life, which he hath forfeited to him.
And therefore let none of us venture to ap-
proach thus, into the presence of the great
King over all the earth, the Sovereign of the
world; but cast down ourselves with such
lowly reverence before Him, as may testify
that we worship the Most High. It is not to
be expected indeed that a man should bow
his knees to God, when he is lame of the
gout, or lies sick of a fever, or some other
disease, but setting such cases aside, bend-
ing of the knees is necessary, saith Origen
(whose words these are,) when a man comes
to accuse himself of his sins to God, and hum-
bly to ask pardon for them, and to desire to be
cured of them. Nature inclines us to it, if we
have any sense of our condition, though we
had no instructions about it, no examples to
move us to it. And therefore I may truly say,
that we divest ourselves even of humanity,
when we are so rude, as to sit at Prayer, un-
6 0
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 267
less we be in such a condition, as not to be
able either to fall on our knees, or stand before
the divine Majesty. Then indeed we may be
confident he will not reject our prayers, what-
soever the posture of the body be ; but hear
them as He did St. Paul, " when he prayed
and praised God in prison, with his feet in the
stocks ;" and Hezekiah, who lay on his bed by
reason of his infirmity, and cried to Him ; and
the thief, who prayed as he hung on the cross,
and found favour with Him. They are the
words of St. Chrysostom in the place now
named.
I will conclude this chapter with the judg-
ment of Mr. Calvin, who expressly determines,
" That the precepts of praying always, and with-
out ceasing, have not respect to our own private
L.m.institut Prayers only; but to the public
Prayers of the Church also. With
which he that refuseth to join, we may con-
clude him, not to know what it is to pray alone,
either secretly or at home. As on the other
side, he that neglects to pray alone and pri-
vately, may be thought to put up vain Prayers,
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268 OF DAILY
though he frequent the public assemblies, be-
cause he respects more the opinion of men than
the secret judgment of God. In the mean
time, lest the common Prayers of the Church
should fall into contempt, God hath adorned
them with splendid elegies : especially when
He calls the temple, ' a house of Prayer,' Isa.
Ivi. 7. For by this speech He instructs us that
the principal part of His worship, is the office
of Prayer, in which that the faithful might ex-
ercise themselves with one consent, the temple
was erected and lifted up to them like a banner,
that they might all resort unto it, Psal. Ixv. 2.
Where there is also a famous promise added,
ver. 1. ' Praise expecteth Thee, 0 God in
Sion : and unto Thee shall the vow be per-
formed in Jerusalem. In which words the
prophet admonishes, that the Prayers of the
Church are never in vain ; because God per-
petually administers to His people matter of
singing His praise with joy."
Which things if they were well weighed,
they would be sufficient to stir up the zeal of
those who now languish, and have no con-
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PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 269
cern at all for the public exercise of our reli-
gion. Especially if they would observe and
mark, first, with what earnest longings holy
men desired to come to the public assemblies,
when by any impediment they were kept from
them ; read Psal. Ixxxiv. 1, 2. &c., and David's
passionate breathings, xxvii. 4. " One thing
have I desired of the Lord," &c. And second,
with what joyful hearts, they received all in-
vitations to them; Psal. cxxii. 1, 2. "I was
glad when they said unto me, let us go into the
house of the Lord. Our feet shall stand within
thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."
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270 SOME OBJECTIONS
CHAPTER XX.
SOME OBJECTIONS REMOVED.
WHEN I reflect upon the conclusion of the
foregoing chapter, I cannot but fear that
they are void of the love of God, or very de-
fective in it, who have so little regard to His
honour, as not to love the place where His
" honour dwelleth," and where " praise waiteth
for Him ;" as the Psalmist speaks, in the place
now named, that is, where His glorious majesty
is extolled, His wonderful works are magnified ;
His benefits acknowledged; and psalms sung
in honour of Him ; which is the greatest busi-
ness of our solemn assemblies. For men hear
nothing more willingly than the praises of
their parents ; there they delight to be, and are
never weary of their attendance there, where
the noble acts of their ancestors are recited,
with songs or speeches in their commendation.
c o
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REMOVED. 271
And therefore with much more diligence should
we run thither, without ceasing ; " Where men
speak of the glorious honour of His majesty,
and of the wondrous works of our heavenly
Father :" and declare the love of our blessed
Saviour, "making known His mighty acts, and
the glorious majesty of His kingdom; uttering
abundantly the memory of His great goodness,
and singing of His righteousness." Though
alas ! " Who can utter the mighty acts of the
Lord ? Who can shew forth all His praise ?"
As the Psalmist speaks elsewhere. His bene-
fits towards us are immensely great, and cannot
worthily be praised by us, but it is our duty to
do what we can, that we may pursue what we
ought. And therefore, if we have any respect
to God, let us say and sing again, with the
Psalmist, nay, with our Saviour Christ, as I
have before observed. " I will declare Thy
name unto my brethren : in the midst of the
congregation will I praise Thee. Ye that fear
the Lord, praise Him ; all ye seed of Jacob
glorify Him: and fear Him all ye seed of
Israel. My praise shall be of Thee in the
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272 SOME OBJECTIONS
great congregation : I will pay my vows before
them that fear Him." Psal. xxii. 22, 23, 25.
" I will praise Thee, 0 God, among the people:
I will sing unto Thee among the nations. For
Thy mercy is great unto the heavens, and Thy
truth unto the clouds," Psal. Ivii. 9, 10. " Bless-
ed are they that dwell in Thy house : they will
be still praising Thee." Psal. Ixxxiv. 4. "The
dead praise not the Lord ; neither any that go
down into Thy silence. But we will bless the
Lord, from this time forth, and for evermore.
Praise the Lord." Psal. cxv. 17, 18.
Which last words teach us, that this is a
piece of public service we do to God in this
world, which we are incapable to perform,
when we are gone from hence. Then the time
is past of honouring God among men, by de-
claring the sense we have of His greatness,
and speaking good of His name. For though
the dead are not quite silent ; yet what they
say or do, signifies nothing to us in this world,
w lere we must serve^God while we live, or
else not at all.
Which is a new consideration to quicken us
9 o
REMOVED. 273
to this duty, and to silence all those objec-
tions which are apt to rise in our hearts against
it.
Yes, may some say, we like the thing you
press, but are against the way of doing it, in
this Church. In which some are distasted at
all forms of Prayer ; and others at that form,
wherein we worship God, and Him alone.
Unto the first of these, I have this to say ;
that when there were no forms of Prayer left
in this Church, they that destroyed them did
not daily hold public assemblies, nor do they
now make it their constant practice. Which
gives us too much cause to think, they have
not such a sense, as is to be wished, of their
necessity. But, to let that pass, supposing
some have, and that they only dislike a form
of Prayer, it is something strange, that the
same arguments which make them think daily
public assemblies to be needful, should not
also reconcile them to a form of Prayer. Which
was constantly used by the ancient Jews in
their assemblies, as hath been undeniably
proved by many of our writers ; and was pre-
18
O O
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274 SOME OBJECTIONS
scribed by our blessed Lord and Master, who
made His Prayer, I have shown, for the public
service, in which He joined with the Jews
when He was at the temple in Jerusalem ; and
when He was in the country, went to the Sy-
nagogues ; which the Chaldee para-
'"'"•""''• phrast calls "Houses of Praise."
And so did His apostles, who themselves used
a constant form of praise ; for they rested not
day and night saying, " Holy, holy, holy, Lord
God Almighty, which Avas, and is, and is to
come." Rev. iv. 8. This, as I showed before,
was their continual hymn, which they offered
to God; and it appears by St. PauVs usual
way of recommending the Churches to whom
he wrote, unto the grace of God, that they
had their forms of Prayer also. For he him-
self constantly used these words, " The grace
of our Lord Jesus Christ, be with you all."
2 Thess. iii. 17, 18.
The same power every bishop had in his
Church, to compose Prayers for the necessities
of it, as we may gather from 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2.
Which exhortation is directed not to the peo-
O"
REMOVED. 275
pie, but to Timothy, who was to take care to
have all men recommended unto God in the
public offices, by Prayers and Supplications,
with Intercessions and Thanksgivings; for
Kings especially, and for all in authority, &c.
This could not be done orderly (as all things
were to be in the Christian Church) without a
set form of words ; which Timothy, we may
well think, composed. For those words " that
Prayers be made," signify as literally the apos-
tle would have Prayers and Supplications com-
posed, as that he would have them put up to
God. And I doubt not they signify both ; first,
that they should be composed, and then put up
to God by the Church.
For you may observe farther that the apos-
tles speak of this as their work. Acts vi. 4,
where having bidden the Church look out
some men to be appointed to attend the busi-
ness of providing for the poor, they add ; " But
we will give ourselves continually to prayer,
and to the ministry of the Word." They made
the Prayers where they were present, as much
as they ministered the Word. Which is far-
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276 SOME OBJECTIONS
ther manifest from hence, that the Prayers of
the Church of Jerusalem are called the Apos-
tles' Prayers : Acts ii. 42. " And they continued
stedfastly in the apostles' doctrine, and fel-
lowship, and in breaking of bread, and in pray-
ers." Observe here how all the faithful sted-
fastly continued in Prayers, as well as hearing
the Word. And that they are, first, called
Prayers, in the plural number ; not one, but
many Prayers, and then, that they are called
the apostles' prayers ; Prayers made by them.
For the word apostles in the beginning belongs
to all the three things that follow, as well as
to the first. To the apostles' fellowship, and
their breaking of bread, and their Prayers, as
well as to their doctrine.
To be brief, as John Baptist, being a pub-
lic minister sent of God, taught his disciples
how to pray, and our Blessed Lord taught His
apostles ; so His apostles in like manner taught
those whom they converted, according to the
pattern Christ had left them ; and no quest n
delivered the same power to those that should
have the supreme guidance, direction, and
o o
REMOVED. 277
government of the Church, to compose Pray-
ers suitable to men's necessities, in the several
nations v^here they lived, and over whom they
presided.
It may be thought indeed that the extraor-
dinary gift they had in those days supplied all.
But it is manifest, both that every one had not
that extraordinary gift of Prayer ; and that
they also who had, were to be so ordered and
regulated in the exercise of it, by the govern-
ors of the Church, that it might serve its edi-
fication. And nothing tended more to the
edification of the Church, than that it should
have a standing known form of Prayers and
praises (without which it could not be known
how they worshipped God) and not depend
merely upon that extraordinary gift ; which
was not constant, but vouchsafed only on some
special occasion, according as God pleased to
impart it. Which is not said arbitrarily by
me, but it appears by a convincing argument,
that this extraordinary gift was not intended to
serve the constant necessities of the Church,
but only some particular purposes ; for they
o-
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278 SOME OBJECTIONS
who had it could not make others understand
it, and are therefore directed by the apostle to
pray they might be able to interpret, that others
might reap some benefit thereby, and be able
to say " J./nen" thereunto. 1 Corinth, xiv. 13,
14, 15, 16. Upon which words St. Chrysos-
to supposes they ended then their blessing
in the spirit, with the very same form of words
wherewith we now conclude our Doxologies,
or giving Glory to God, viz. " For ever and
ever ;" or " throughout all ages, world without
end," as we translate the apostles' words, Eph.
iii. 21. And Peter Martyr thought he had
reason to acknowledge as much. For upon
the forenamed place, I Cor. xiv. 16. he hath
this observation. " From hence we learn, that
even in those first times the public Prayers
were wont to be concluded, with these words
' secula seculorum,' world without end."
And this place of the apostle puts me in
mind of another undeniable argument for pre-
scribed forms of worship in the Christian
Church : which is, that singing psalms and
hymns made up a great part of that worship,
j
) o
REMOVED. 279
and could not possibly be performed by the
whole congregation, unless they had before
them that which was to be sung. Therefore
singing by the spirit, that is, by a spiritual gift,
the apostle makes small account of, unless what
was sung were put into such words, that all the
people might understand it, and sing God's
praises together with him that was inspired.
This is the apostle's meaning, when he bids
them speak among themselves in psalms, and
hymns, and spiritual songs, singing and ma-
king melody in their heart to the Lord. Eph.
V. 19. Where by psalms I think all agree
are meant the Psalms of David ; which were a
constant set form of praise ; hymns and spirit-
ual songs were the compositions, it is like, of
inspired persons then in the Church; which
could not be sung by all, unless they were
communicated to the whole company ; and
then they were a form also, and we may well
think were sung more than once, it being very
reasonable to conceive, that they had not,
every time they met, a new hymn, no more
than a new psalm. For St. Paul blames it as
O ^O
o-
280
SOME OBJECTIONS
a confused, unedifying thing, that when they
came together (met, that is, in the public as-
semblies) every one had his particular psalm,
1 Corinth, xiv. 26 ; and commands all " things
should be done to edifying," by making the
psalm common, that is, so that all might be the
better for it. Such, I persuade myself, were
the prayers and hymns which St. Paul and
Silas sung in prison ; not each of them their
own private prayer, and hymn, but some com-
mon prayer, and form of praise, which they
were wont to use. Acts xvi. 25.
Such hymns it is certain there were in the
Church, which were sung every morning in
praise of our blessed Saviour ; as Pliny him-
self testifies. And Eusebius produces an an-
cient writer asserting the divinity of our Savi-
our, out of the hymns that had been of old
used in the Church acknowledging
His Divinity. And that writer calls
them " Psalms and Hymns written by the faith-
ful from the beginning," which celebrated
Christ the Word of God, as God indeed. The
most ancient of all, which was the doxology
Eccles. Hist.
L. V. cap. 28.
0-
-o
REMOVED. 281
we still use, " Glory be to the Father, and to the
Son, together with the Holy Ghost :" as St.
Basil, (or whosoever was the author
of the book " Concerninor the Holy lociuum^ iap.
° •'27. 29.
Spirit") reports. Where he saith,
that thus it run before the Arian times. After
which, to shew that the Church meant in
those words to ascribe equal glory unto the
Holy Ghost, with the Father and the Son, it
was altered into that form wherein it now
continues, not with the Holy Ghost, but to the
Holy Ghost. Which is the very same, as to the
sense, there being no real difference whether
we say, " Glory be to the Father, and to the
vSon, and to the Holy Ghost ;" or " Glory be to
them, with the Holy Ghost :" but to avoid all
suspicion of any distinction, which the Church
made between them, the form, as it is now,
was thought better. And, so ancient and uni-
versal was this form of doxology, that the
Arians themselves used one very like to it,
giving " Honour and glory to the Father, by
His only begotten Son, in the Holy
Ghost ;" as the same writer informs
^
282 SOME OBJECTIONS
US. Which originally had the same meaning
with the other, till they perverted it, signify-
ing as much as we say now (in our communion
service) when we pray for the pardon of our
offences, through Jesus Christ our Lord, " By
Whom, and with Whom, in the unity of the
Holy Ghost, all honour and glory be unto
Thee, O Father Almighty, world without end."
I will not trouble the reader with any more of
the ancient hymns, but only note, that even in
the book of the Revelation we read not only
of the " Song of Moses," but of " the song of
the Lamb :" the latter of which was as much
a set form, as the former, and is there recorded.
Rev. XV. 3, 4. " Great and marvellous are
Thy works. Lord God Almighty ; just and true
are Thy ways, Thou king of saints. Who
would not fear Thee, O Lord, and glorify Thy
name ? For Thou only art holy."
And what hath been said of hymns, may be
as truly said of Prayers ; that the Church had
from the beginning a form of divine service ;
which Justin Mariyr calls " common Pray-
ers;" and in Ignatius (nearer to the Apos-
O
C — !
REMOVED. 283
tie's time) is called "the common Supplica-
tion.^^ Which we cannot well think was
any other, than such as he or some other
apostolical man prescribed. In Origen they
are called the prescribed or ordained Pray-
ers ; regular petitions, which they who used
were safe, he saith, from all the power of
the devil. And as the hymn they sung to
Christ, was so celebrated, that the Pagans
took notice of it (as I observed before) so
these forms of Prayer were so well known
to them, that they got some scraps of them.
For we find these words, " Lord
, . In Epictetura.
have mercy upon us, in Arrianus,
a pagan philosopher, who lived about the same
time with Justin Martyr, the next age to the
apostles.
It is superfluous to add, that the Emperor
Constantine was wont to say with his whole
court, (as Eusebius calls them) the j_ j^. ^e
" appointed Prayers :" and deliver-
ed a form of Prayer to his army to be constant-
ly used by the soldiers : which Eusebius also
hath set down in his life. Let me only note,
6 o
o
284 SOME OBJECTIONS
by the way, to quicken the reader
lb. cap. 20. "^ ^ ' -1
to this holy duty, that as this reli-
gious prince had daily Prayers in his palace,
which he frequented with his courtiers : making
it a house of God ; so he had like-
wise certain hours, wherein he con-
stantly retired to pray by himself.
As for following ages, we find frequent men-
tion of liturgies formed by the apostles them-
selves ; particularly by *S^/. James. Unto
which though some additions perhaps had
been then made, as there have been more
since, yet it is hard to think that a great num-
ber of bishops would have owned a liturgy, as
composed by St. James, if there had not been
a constant tradition among them, that the apos-
tles left some stated form of Prayer and Praise,
in the Churches which they governed.
But what need I trouble myself with a long
proof of this matter, when we have the confes-
sion of the most learned and best men among
those, whom they that dissent from us have
been wont to reverence, that there hath been
no time wherein there was not a prescribed
O
0 O
REMOVED. 285
form of divine service ? Let Dr. Preston
speak for all, in a book of his much prized in
former times : v^^here after he had saints daily
owned that Christ prescribed a '"*"'*' ^ ^
form, &c., he adds, " And in the Church, at
all times, both in the primitive times, and all
along to the beginning of the reformed times,
to Luther and Calvin's time, still in all times
the Church had set forms they used, and I
know no objection of weight against it."
And in answer to that common objection,
which he calls the main one, that in stinted
Prayer the Spirit is straightened, and limited,
&c. He answers as we do now ; that " even
those men that use this reason, do the same
daily in the congregation, for when another
prays, that is a set form to him that hears
it ;" and therefore if that were a sufficient rea-
son (that a man might not use a set form, be-
cause the spirit is straightened) he should not
hear another pray at all (though it be a con-
ceived Prayer) because in that case, his spirit
is limited to what that man saith. And very
judiciously adds, that " it is not a bond or re-
O — o
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286 SOME OBJECTIONS
straint of the spirit, because there is a tie of
words ; for the largeness of the heart standeth
not so much in the multitude and variety of
expressions, as in the extent of affection."
And at last concludes, " That a set form of
prayer must be used."
Would to God they that scruple it would
weigh such things as these, it would not be
long then, before they liked, nay loved that
form of prayer which is used in this Church.
For it is so exactly conformable to the rule
of the holy apostle, which I have often men-
tioned, 1 Tim. ii. 1., consisting of unexception-
able " Prayers, supplications, intercessions, and
thanksgivings," that one cannot but think the
composers of it laid that rule before them, when
they framed it. It would be too long to give
an account of the whole book, which it is easy
to shew is made up of those four parts of divine
service. Look only into the Litany, which is
a word signifying properly a supplication for
the turning away of evil things, with which it
begins, and then proceeds to Prayers, and to
Intercessions, having in the end, a general
o o
I _o
REMOVED. 287
form of Thanksgiving. And observe the admir-
able method of it.
It directs our Prayers to the ever blessed
Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost : the
only object of worship, and fountain of mercy.
Of Whom we first deprecate evil things, and
that in the right order ; first desiring to be de-
livered from the evil of sin, both of the spirit
and of the flesh ; and then from the evil of
punishment, whether in outward, or in inward
judgments. All this we pray to be delivered
from, by what Christ hath done and suffered
for us, and by that alone ; which is the most
prevalent way of suing for mercy. And by the
way observe, that what some, through misun-
derstanding, I hope, have been pleased to make
the subject of their mirth and sport, is really,
and ought to be esteemed, the most serious
and effectual supplication that can be made to
our Lord. " By whose holy nativity, and cir-
cumcision ; by His baptism, fasting, and temp-
tation : by His agony and bloody sweat, by
His cross and passion, by his precious death
and burial, by His glorious resurrection and
6 — -==_= — o
o ~o
288 SOME OBJECTIONS
ascension, and by the coming of the Holy
Ghost," we pray to be delivered. For thus it
is our Lord having humbled himself to be a
man for our sakes, nay to take on him the form
of a servant, and, after all His other sufferings,
at last to die the death of the cross for us, is
gone, with that blood which was there shed,
into the heavens, and is exalted at God's right
hand in the high and holy place ; where He
represents all that He did and suffered, from
His coming into the world till His going out of
it, before God ; and in the virtue of His bloody
sacrifice, which He made of Himself, pleads to
have every thing from God, which he hath
promised, and cannot be denied. Now for us
to beseech Him, that through the force of His
sufferings of all sorts, especially of His cruel
death, and the glory that followed, we may be
delivered and saved from all evil, is the most
pathetical, the most powerful way of intreaty,
and the most prevailing importunity, that can
be used. It is as if we should say. Lord shew
unto the Father what Thou hast endured for
us, represent unto Him thy obedience unto
O O
¥^
o
REMOVED. 289
death ; which He promised to reward with all
power in heaven and in earth, exercise Thy
royal power which Thou hast obtained by that
humble obedience, for our deliverance and
salvation. As thou hast received the gift of
the Holy Ghost, and imparted it to Thy apostles,
so pour it down more and more upon us also ;
who believe the gospel which they preached
and testified to be the truth.
Then follow petitions for all good things :
first, for the universal Church ; then for our
own in particular. For the king, and royal
family ; for all in authority under him ; for all
sorts of persons ; and for all sorts of blessings,
both for soul and body. Be at the pains, I be-
seech you, to read and consider it, with such
observations as these, and it alone will be suffi-
cient to make you in love with the rest of the
book of Common Prayer. A book " so fully
perfected according to the rules of our Chris-
tian religion, in every behalf; that „ „ , „
O ' J 'Dr. Taylor, Rec-
no Christian conscience (in the opi- ^"'■"'^ "■""''>'
nion of a famous Martyr in Queen Mary's days,
19
G O
o 9
290 SOME OBJECTIONS
whose words these are) could be offended with
anything therein contained."
And therefore I conclude that as it would
haA^e been a great sin in the church of Ephesus,
if they had disliked and rejected that way
of " supplications, prayers, intercessions and
thanksgivings, wherein Timothy led them to
serve God, so it will be still in us, if we refuse
those directions which are given us in the
divine service, by our spiritual governors ;
when it is manifest they guide us by the word
of God, and the apostolical practice according
to it.
If they had composed a divine service, where-
in they required us to pray to angels, or to
saints departed this life ; or to supplicate God
by their merits, and intercession, we should
have had reason, therein not to have followed
their guidance ; because we and they have a
superior direction, God's holy word ; which
forbids such worship. But when no such Pray-
ers are appointed, nothing ordered to be offer-
ed unto God, but what is perfectly agreeable
to His holy word, we can make no apology for
o ' 6
Q O
REMOVED. 291
ourselves, if we reject them merely because
they are a prescribed form ; or because every
direction about them, is not expressly required
in the word of God. This is to affront the
whole Christian Church from the beginning •
this is to throw off all subjection to spiritual
pastors ; whom the Holy Ghost hath command-
ed us to obey.
Not indeed with an illimited obedience, with
an absolute assent to whatsoever they shall
propose, without any examination of their in-
junctions ; or any appeal ; for this were to take
away all the authority of God's word, and to
erect the present authority of the Church above
it ; which is the extreme into which they of
the Church of Rome are run. But we ought
to take care that out of eagerness to avoid
that extreme, we do not fall into another ; as
they do who affirm that spiritual pastors must
only then be obeyed when they determine
and give direction out of the express laws of
God. For as the former take away all au-
thority from God's word, so this takes away
all authority from God's ministers, and de-
o 0
o
292 SOME OBJECTIONS
prives them of that obedience, by which God's
woid is due unto them.
An excellent divine of our Church
Dr. Jack-on
Book-2."chap'4; ^^^th largely treated of this, long ago ;
shewing that since God in His holy
word gives them in express terms, some spiri-
tual authority, and right, to exact some obedi-
ence, peculiarly due to them from their flock j
it must be in things not enjoined by the express
word of Go d, butonl y not forbidden thereby.
For if they be then only to be obeyed when
they produce the express command of God in
scripture, for that particular thing, unto which
they require obedience, there is no more obedi-
ence performed unto them, than unto any other
man whatsoever. For there is no man so mean
but if he can shew us the express command
of God for what he says, it must be obeyed of
all. But when it is thus obeyed, it is that
command of God only, not he that shewed it
to us, which is obeyed. And if this be all
the obedience we owe to our governors, they
are as much bound to obey us as we to obey
them. The people owe no more obedience to
O
0- o
REMOVED. 2 93
their pastors, than those pastors owe to their
people.
If neither of these extremes then be true ; it
remains that we owe, though not an absolute,
unlimited, yet a conditional and cauionary obe-
dience unto spiritual pastors ; who have a gene-
ral warrant, expressly contained in scripture,
to require obedience from their people, and
therefore ought to be obeyed, though their peo-
ple see not an express word of scripture to au-
thorize every particular, wherein they require
obedience; provided, they require obedience
to nothing expressly condemned' ins cripture.
Disobedience to them in such things is as dan-
gerous, as blind obedience is in matters plainly
unlawful. For as the latter is the mother of
superstition and idolatry ; so the former is the
mother of schisms, presumption, carnal security,
and infidelity.
Which rocks cannot be avoided, but by a
c[ue submission to the guides of souls, in things
wherein God hath not plainly ordered the con-
trary. And therefore, if any have been so un-
happy as by their education, to have imbibed
— o
o
294 SOME OBJECTIONS
a dislike to such a way of worship as they
prescribe, and to be possessed with fears it may
not be the right way, though they cannot say
wherein it contradicts God's holy word; these
fears, and all such like things, are to be over-
balanced and weighed down by the authority
of spiritual guides and governors. Which is
good for little if it cannot settle such doubts
and scruples ; over which it will prevail, if men
consider that God commands us to obey them,
and therefore their commandments are but par-
ticular branches of God's general command-
ment to give obedience to them. Insomuch
that they who disobey them, disobey God, un-
less their commands be contrary to some other
of the divine commandments, as plain as that
which says, " Obey them that have the rule
over you, and submit yourselves," &c. Heb.
xiii. 17.
Which truths, if they were rooted in our
hearts, and men had a just sense of such a
thing as spiritual obedience to spiritual govern-
ors, they would rather like well of the things
prescribed by them, for the sake of their author-
o 0
Q
REMOVED. 295
ity, by whom they are prescribed, than disobey
their authority, upon the account of any private
dislike, which they have to such prescriptions.
Make application of all this (which I have
represented out of the forenamed author, in
fewer words) to our own Church, and its wor-
ship, and governors ; who have framed a divine
service for us exactly conformable to the most
ancient and pure patterns ; with such care,
with such circumspection, and conscientious
regard to the directions the apostles have left
us, that none of its enemies can find anything
in it, as to the substance, which is not theirs.
And therefore this may be justly called, in that
regard as well as others, a truly apostolical,
catholic Church. From which let no man
withdraw himself ; but dread the guilt of such
a crime. That is, let him fear to withdraw
himself from its public assemblies, from the
common Prayers, and from obedience to its
governors. For if any man be led from these,
under the pretence of purer worship, unto sepa-
rate meetings, managed by those who own not
the authority of this Church's governors ; it is
) O
O o
296 SOME OBJECTIONS
most certain he is not guided by the Spirit of
Christ herein, but by the spirit of error and
delusion.
Of which a very reverend person
Preface to Para- t i ■• ■• - ■, ■ i • t
lipom; Prophet- hath lately given this plain demon-
stration: that if men had such a
measure of the spirit as makes them living
members of the body of Christ, they could not
but feel, what sensibly hurts that body : what
palpably hinders the growth of it ; what dis-
graces and reproaches it ; what wounds it, nay
hazards the very life and being of it. They
that want this necessary sympathy, and sense of
the common good of the body of Christ, and
the interest of His kingdom, cannot justly pre-
tend to any competent portion of His spirit.
For what is more necessary for our preserva-
tion, than that we keep together in one body,
under the same guides and governors ; that we
keep in the way which the Church of Christ
hath always trod, and be not hurried into
opinions and practices so unlike the truly
ancient and apostolical Church, that we bear
no resemblance to it ? For that Church had
o o
O (
REMOVED 297
ministers superior to the rest (as indeed the
Jewish Church had) who governed, and ruled
them, and the people ; it had forms of divine
service, such as we now have ; the rejection
of which is to expose us to contempt and loath-
ing ; to harden men's hearts against a just re-
formation; to make those who are reformed
grow sick and weary and ashamed of the dis-
tracted unsettledness, and ungovemableness of
such people ; who like nothing, but what is
vmlike to all the Churches of Christ that have
been in the world, till this last unhappy age.
This cannot proceed from the blessed Spirit
of grace ; which cannot lead men to destroy
the Church which Christ hath purchased by
His blood. Which, it is evident, cannot be
preserved, much less promoted, but by a due
regard to those who are over us in the Lord ;
and by adhering closely to such an authentic
constitution, as that of this Church, which is
the genuine offspring of the apostles ; declar-
ing nothing to the people, but the true sense
of the ancient apostolic Church throughout the
world. Which always had such governors, of
O
298 SOME OBJECTIONS
a superior order and degree to other ministers,
as we have ; such Prayers ; such Hymns ; in
a word, such a face of religion, as is here seen
in this our Church of England.
And may be seen, blessed be God, in other
reformed Churches : particularly in those call-
ed Lutheran, who, as Chemnitius tells us,
have had solemn Prayers every day : and
much after the same order, that is observed in
ours. His words are these, "the people as-
semble every day twice, at a certain hour,
morning and evening, and after the
Exam. Concil. . . ^ i i
Trident. Pars, singmg 01 somc psaims, lessons are
iv. cap.^ult. fci O r '
read in order, partly out of the Old
Testament, partly out of the New : and the as-
sembly concludes always with common Pray-
ers, and some hymn of thanksgivings. And
besides the people come together every week,
on some certain day, in greater multitudes ; to
make public and solemn supplications, which
are called Litanies." And so he proceeds to
relate how " they worship God, with the great-
est solemnity on the Lord's days ; and upon
special festivals, in memory of the great bene-
6-
o o
REMOVED. 299
fits we have received, on the nativity, circum-
cision, &c., in short, on all the days, now ob-
served by our Church.
O/i, that there were such a heart in us, as
instead of wrangling and disputing^ seriously
to set ourselves to make the best use we can,
of such blessed opportunities, as God still
affords unto us of meeting together every day
for His worship and service ; especially upon
Litany days, when there ought to be a fuller
congregation, and more than ordinary devo-
tion. One of those days, at least, I should
think every devout Christain may easily see
there is great cause to set apart every week for
fasting and humiliation ; together with suppli-
cation and prayer to the divine Majesty, that
He would turn away His anger from us.
Men are naturally too backward, I know, to
such holy employments, and satisfy themselves
that they have an excellent religion, which
they highly value, without considering, that
they have so much the greater obligation upon
them, to join frequently in the holy offices
thereof. Let that therefore, for a conclusion,
i
O (
300 SOME OBJECTIONS
be added to all the motives I have used in
this book, to stir you up to the constant per-
formance of this duty, that it will be the great-
est shame to us, if, v^^hen they whose religion
is a false worship have their constant daily
service, and attend upon it ; we who have the
truest notions of God, and the most excellent
religion, have less regard unto it; by which
means their religion, how corrupt soever it be,
is upheld and maintained ; and for want of
this, ours, though never so pure, must needs
fall to decay. For they that love the religion
they profess, though it be not so sincere and
perfect as it ought to be, yet never fail to reap
all the benefits, which it is able to ajEford, and
this among the rest, that they keep their reli-
gion, by their unfeigned love to it, and dili-
gence in it. Whereas the best and soundest
religion possessed by those who bear not the
like affection to it, yields those who thus retain
it, little or no benefit (as Mr. Hooker hath
observed) and by degrees is lost, for want of a
due regard, and earnest affection to it. We
see this verified in Pagans, Turks, and Here-
6 b
o o
REMOVED. 301
tics ; who zealously attend upon the public
offices of their religion ; and so continue their
sect.
How comes their religion to lead them to
have frequent assemblies, and ours to make us
neglect them ; but that they keep up their
love to their religion, such as it is ; and we
have lost our first love, and so endanger the
loss of our religion. For had we a sincere
love to it, we should be led, by the natural
dictates of it, to attend upon its public offices
(that being the very first thing to which reli-
gion inclines us) and there to attend with all
seriousness, both to the prayers and hymns,
and to the holy Scriptures, which are then read
unto us. And therefore our religion hath gone
to decay, because we have not minded public
assemblies daily : but where they are kept up,
they are empty and thin ; or when they are
full, there are none of these natural signs of
devotion, in too many people, which are among
all nations, (bended knees, hands and eyes
lifted up to heaven) nay, they do not attend to
the Word of God there read, but pass it by, as
O —^ Q
o o
302 SOME OBJECTIONS REMOVED.
a tale that is told ; fancying, I suppose, it is
never the Word of God, but when it is preached,
that is, spoken without book.
These are not the faults of all, nor I hope of
most among us ; but I have observed some of
them (especially the last, of whispering together
all the time the Scriptures are read, as if they
were nothing but an empty sound) in so many
persons, from whose understanding one would
expect better things, that I could not but take
notice of such unbecoming behaviour in the
house of God. Where I beseech God to
awaken all His ministers, to perform their duty
with careful diligence. And all His people
to accompany them reverently in continual
Prayers and Supplications : to the glory of His
great name, the credit of our holy religion, the
honour of this Church, the increase of all true
godliness and virtue among us ; and the fur-
therance thereby of our joyful account, and
happy meeting in the day of the Lord Jesus.
Amen.
O O
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THE FLAG SHIP :
Or, a Voyage Round the World,
In the United States Frigate Columbia, attended by her consort, the
Sloop of War John Adam;*, and bearing the broad pennant of
Commodore George C. Read. By Fitch W. Taylor, Chaplain to
the Squadron, 2 vols. 12ino. plates.
AND DISSERTATIONS
Scriptural Doctrines of Atonement and Sacrifice,
and on the Principal Arguments advanced, and the Mode of Reason-
ing employed, by ihe Oppnnents of those DDCtrines, as held by the
Established Church. l?y the late Most Rev. William Magke,
D. D., Archbishop of Dublin. From the fifth London Edition,
with numerous and important corrections. 2 vols. 8vo.
On the RELATION belween the HOLY SCRIPTURES
AND
Some parts of Geological Science.
By JOHN PYE SMITH, D.D, — 1 vol. 12mo.
GENERAL HISTORY of CIVILIZATION in EUROPE,
from the Fall of the Roman Empire.
Translated from the French of M. GUIZOT, Professor of History
to ta Faculte des Lettres of Paris, and Minister of Public Instruc
tion. 2d American, from the last London edition. 1 vol. 12mo.
AUb i 0 1^0*^