Disposal area monitoring system annual data report - 1978: supplement B site report - Portland

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DAMOS

DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM

ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT B
PORTLAND DISPOSAL SITE

Naval Underwater Systems Center
Newport, Rhode Island

WHO
DOCUMENT

COLLECTION

New England Division

Corps of Engineers

Waltham, Massachusetts

May 1979

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DAMOS

DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT B
SITE REPORT - PORTLAND

Naval Underwater Systems Center
Newport, Rhode Island

New England Division
Corps of Engineers -
Waltham, Massachusetts

May 1979

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DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM ©

This is one of a series of site specific data reports resulting from the
DAMOS program, now two years in progress. DAMOS is the culmination of
nearly a decade of prior study efforts, actually preceding NEPA, which
have been directed towards the understanding of the effects of and the
responsible management of the ocean disposal of dredged materials in
New England waters as they fall wder the authority ot the New England
Division of the Corps of Engineers. The individual site reports ghee.
forth will be updated approximately on an annual bases as additional
knowledge is gained, at least with respect'to those sites where signifi-

cant disposal activities will have occurred.

PORTLAND, MAINE

Background

The Portiand Disposal Area being studied by JAMOS has not yet been desig-
nated as a regional disposal site. Prior to this report three major surveys
nave been conducted in the area off Portiand to determine the best location
for future disposal of dredge spoils. In 1974 Normandeau Associates studied
a site north of Hue and Cry Vailey, and in: 1976 NUSC conducted a survey in the
valley itself that resulted in a second proposed disposal area. When this point
was Suggested to jocal fishermen it met with severe opposition and a third site
in a «istorical disposal site north of the Portiand lightship was suggested.
In August, 1977, NUSC conducted a broad bathymetric and side scan survey of
the tnird site. Data from this survey were used to designate four potential
sites within the area and these were presented to state, local and fishing
representatives in November, 1977. At that meeting a location in the center
of tne site was defined and the area incorporated into the DAMOS program as a
one mile square centered at 43° 34.1'N, 709 1.8'W (Fig. B-1).
Batnynetry

Tais site was surveyea on 13 December, 1977, (Fig. B-2 (a-k)) and on
17 Mey, 1978 (Fis. 3-3 (a-n)). Navigation control for the site was provided
by trisponder stations located at Portland Head Light and the Prouts Neck Fire
Controi Station.

Tne topography in tne area is extremely rugged and consists of bedrock
cutcrocs surrounced by fine sand and mud (Fig. B-4). The side scan record

Snown mere covers the area designated as the disposal site and clearly shows

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the unconsolidated sediment in the basfn indicating fine material and a low
energy environment, The December survey indicated that the proposed disposal
site is a depression outlined by the 60 meter contour level just south of the
chart center.

A smaller area was covered in the May survey since the rugged topography
of tre area would certainly prohibit detectior of small amounts of spdil depos-
ited at significant distances from the disposal point. The proposed disposal
site was again evident as a basin fn the center of the bathymetric chart. The
basin can be seen in profite on Janes 11 throuch 14 of the May survey (Fig. B-3

(c + d}).
Currents

Long term current measurements were obtained at 430 34'N, 70° 02'W in the
center of the proposed disposa! area, The meter was installed on a taut wire
mooring 1.5 meters above the bottom and recorded at 2 minute intervals from
5 August to 26 September 1978. The speed and direction versus time, probability
density cistribution and motion ellipses for these data are presented in Figure
B-5 ‘a-d}. Note that the probability density distribution and motion ellipses
are cumulative se that the distribution and e?lipse on the final figure (8-5d)
reoresants the entire data record,

“se data for the Portland current meter record are summarized in Taole B-1.
Theres are several sionificant features shown by these data that reflect on the
utilization cf the Portland disposal site as a containment site for dredge spoil

.

disposa’. Most impowtant of these fs the horizontal kinetic energy, which at

Porttard, has the lowest value measured in all the New England disposal sites.

TABLE B-1

| Total 028.4 Tidal Cur- j Residual Mean

rent Inc.

Current §{ Mean Current Current
4 Seni-major axis i
‘ 3.50 3.54

(cm/sec ) Ha War Gead! |

Semi-minor axis | :
i (cm/sec) i ee 0.87 1.52°°4

Direction

or) ony oe), 4) cn | |
! Horizontal Kinetic
6 | i
i energy (dynes/sec ) | " 1.45

10% Highest speeds

(cm/sec)

Peak speed

(cm/sec )
4 Average maximum

| speed (cm/sec)

Furthermore, wnen this energy ng broken down into the tidal and residual compon-
ents, tie rancom motion is actually greater than that due to tidal forces. Al-
tnough cne lower percentage of tidal fiow would reduce the potential for predic-
tion ov Currents, the iower absolute value of the currents is well below any
threshold values for erosion of sediment.

rne 10% hignest speed measured during this sampling perfod was 13.6 cm/sec,

also 5ciow threshold erosion velocities. Wave action should have minimal effect

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on the sediment since depths at the proposed disposal site are greater than
60 meters. The net result of these data is a strong indication that the
Portland disposal area should contain dredge spoils with little danger of

dispersion.
Sediments

Sediments taken from the propsed disposal site were generally fine sands,
therefore, heavy metal analysis was generally not attempted on these samples.
One sample from the site was analyzed and is presented with data from Portland
Leber in Table B-2, There are no reference samples due to the fact that all
areas except the proposed site are composed of rock and gravel. Iron to other
metal ratios are presented for the Portland samples, There appears to be no

enrichment in metal levels compared to fron in the harbor, The harbor samples

are however, more concentrated in all metals (including Fe) compared to the

proposed dump site.
Biochemical Studies

Mussels from Bulwark Shoals were used as reference samples and placed at |
the proposed Portland disposal site on May 14, 1978 at 43° 33' 55.5"N, 70° 01' 58.3"W.
Data from analyses of these samples are presented in Table B-3 and shown graphi-
cally in Fig. B-6, The only metals exhibiting any significant differences from
the original sample are Feand Cd from the reference site. A lack of difference
between the baseline station and the proposed disposal area is significant since
it indicates that changes occurring after disposal may be attributed to dredge

spoil interactions with more confidence.

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Bentnic Macrofaune

Numeric density data for the predominant species of benthic animals found
at te Portland site are given in Table B-4. Details on the benthic population
are <iven in the main dody of the DAMOS report. As more data become availiable,

more site specific information will be presented,

As part of an ongoing program to increase the communication between the
Corss of Engineers and fishing interests an effort was made to include fishing
interests in the selection of the Portland disposal site. Previous to choosing
the site now being studied, ten fishermen from various parts of Casco Bay were
interviewed by telephone. The Maine Department of Marine Resources and the
Nationai Marine Fisheries Service port agent were also contacted. The natural
nistory of key species and recent catch records were examined.

Foilowing the choice of a site, key fishermen were seen in person. These
include the operator of an inshore dragger and two lobstermen with detailed
know.edge of the site. Arrangements are being made to obtain fisheries records
from 10 x 10 minute squares near the study area from the NMFS, Lobstering is

tne major fishery in the dump site area. Attemots will be made to obtain catch

data 7rom commercial fishermen; however, it is doubtful that a full sampling

arogram can be developed since the area is fished only in the cold months.

Finiisn

Sragging in this area is restricted to continuous stretches of relatively

smooch bottom. In choosing a possible disposal site it was considered desirable

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to avotd al! dracging areas and to locate the aren at least a mile from aay

tow path and in an area where topography anc current speed and direction would
prevent transport toward dragging grounds, Dragging grounds near the study area
are shown in Figure B-7.

The "edoe of the bottom" is the primary dragging ground in this area. In
the summer, ten inshore vessels may fish here on a given day for dab (Hi ppoglos-
soides dlatessoides) anc gray sole (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus). In the winter
and early spring these are joined by larger vesse's. On a given day as many as
25 vescals might fish here, These are based mainty in Portland and Cundys Harbor
with a “ew coming from Biddeford. The catch is cod (Gadus morrhua), haddock
(Mel anoorammus aeglefinis), and other groundfish.

A vortion of the "edge of the bottom"; "eagle island narrows", is constricted
by an offshore mound . The "ordnance" tow is a relatively important ground two
miles northeast ef the proposed site. A less important ground consisting of a
series of narrow passages Ties inside and paralle? to the "edge of the bottom".
This “secand edae” ts fished by approximately five vessels for cod or pollock.
he pranosed disposal site is over four miles northwest of “Hue and Cry
lev’. a narrow tow of considerable importance ~o individual Portland based
irshors vessels.

Tub trawling (fishing with long baited lines) was historically carried out
on rovzh bottoms with en abudance of invertebrate fish food. These traditional
“*shing areas were masped by Rich, 1930 (Fishing Grounds of the Gulf of Maine,

YS. Comm. Fish., 1929, App. 3). Little tub trawiing is now carried out in this
9 Pp

Tre traditional grounds used by hook and line fisheries are on broken bottom

with we i cseavetanec growth of fouling organisms acd are probably feeding and

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shelte- areas for fish (juvenile cod are reportec between the "edge of the
bottor"™ and Cod Ledges). Dragging grounds are areas smooth enough to fish on
and may be located near a feature which eoveentntess fi grattitg fish. Subtle
pollution effects would be more important on feecing grounds than on a cragging
ground such as the "edge of the bottom” where fish are concentrated by a sudden
change in depth. iy |

The sport fisheries et ents area include some bottom fishing from party
boats on the White Horse grounds southwest of the dump site and a wider rang-
ing fishery for giant tuna. A tendency of einer cross Casco Bay in the "edge

of the bottom” area was reported.
Shrim:
“he "edge of the bottom" and the "inner edge" have been productive grounds

for northern shrimp. It was reported that this area still ytelded catches when

shrimp had disappeared from other areas of the coast. The shrimp fishery is

now closed. The shrimp fishery is based on egg carrying females. Eggs probably

hatch in this general area.
Lobs ters

The proposed disposal site is offshore of mast of the Casco Bay lobster
fishery, Most of the vessels begin fishing in less than 70 meters of water in
the late spring as lobsters move shoreward toward warmer water. Fishing is most

intenca “1 mid-summer in water Tess than 20 meters deep around the Cod Ledges

t+ *ha disposal site lobstering is carried out from November to April when
abst vs ara not active in the colder sha’’ow waters. The deep water also gives

spar procaction from storm waves. 2rices are high at this time, but weather

conditions are dangerous, and it is hard to keep a regular schedule.

A lobsterman who had to leave his gear in the deeper water over the summer
of 1977 because he was rigged for deep water found that some lobsters remained
there throughout the summer. He pulled them once a week and caught about half
what shallow water drags would have caught in a mania three-day set (0.5-0.7
lobsters/trap rather than 1.1-1.5 lobsters/trap). In the offshore area the
lobsters shed in the fall rather than mid-summer.

One fisherman reported that rock crabs (Cancer borealis) are not found
this far out. Another reported catching "queen" or "spider" crabs (Lithodes
maia) in deeper parts of the area.

In 1977 there were three lobstermen making use of the proposed site in the
winter (from Portland, South Harpswell, and Baily Island). At least three more
have fished near this area in previous years. All the lobstermen fishing here
may run as many as 3,000 pots although one man has the majority of pots. Typ-
ical pot spacings are 1- pot strings set in lines of 100-110 pots per mile run-
ning NE-SW. It is thus possible that several hundred pots could be placed in
the proposed disposal site.

One person fishing the dump site area in 1977 will not be fishing there
in 1978. While there is a possibility of one or two vessels moving into the
area in 1978, the number of vessels fishing the site will remain small.-

Lobster landing atPortland have been slowly increasing in recent years,
but this probably represents an expansion of effort rather than an increase in
productivity. Lobstermen report that their catches in deep water have been
stable over up to seven years. It would probably be possible to detect large

local changes in lobster density caused by spoil disposal. The monthly landings

show “nat she winter (deep water) catch is a sma"? fraction of the annual tota?.
In many disposal areas Chen dumping is advisable to avoid interference

with recreation and fisheries; at this site summer dumping (May-October) would

minimize impact on the offshore lobster fishery end draagers.. Tow boats wou'd

have to follow a fixed route so that pots could be placed to avoid them.

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