Disposal area monitoring system annual data report - 1978: supplement H site report - New Haven

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DAMOS
DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT H
NEW HAVEN DISPOSAL SITE
Naval Underwater Systems Center

Newport, Rhode Island

May 1979

WON AU

0 0301 0038844 3

DAMOS

DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978

SUPPLEMENT H
SITE REPORT - NEW HAVEN

Naval Underwater Systems Center
Newport, Rhode Island

New. England Division
Corps of Engineers
Waltham, Massachusetts

May 1979

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DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM

This is one of a series of site specific data reports resulting from the
DAMOS program, now two years in progress. DAMOS is the culmination of
nearly a decade of prior study efforts, actually preceding NEPA, which
have been directed towards the understanding of the effects of and the
responsible management of the ocean disposal of dredged materials in
New England waters as they fall wnder the authority ot the New England
Division of the Corps of Engineers. The individual site reports hence-
forth will be updated approximately on an annual bases as additional
knowledge is gained, at least with respect to those sites where signifi-

cant disposal activities will have occurred.

NEW HAVEN

The New Haven disposal site (Figure H-1) is located approximately 5 nautical
miles south of the entrance to New Haven harbor, The site covers a bottom
composed of soft silts that slope gently and smoothly to the south throughout
the study area.

Between October, 1973, and March, 1977 1.5 million cubic yards of material
were dumped at this site from dredging of New Haven harbor. These spoils formed
a symmetrical mound in the center of the disposal site. Subsequent to comple-
tion of the New Haven project, additional smal] volumes of spoil have been

dumped at a buoyed point southwest of the original site,

Bathymetry

Navigation for surveys in the vicinity of the New Haven disposal site is
provided by trisponder stations at the Old New Haven Lighthouse and Stratford
Point Lighthouse.

Two surveys have been made at the New Haven site since the inception of
the DAMOS program, the first on February 4, 1978, (Figure H-2(a-j)) and the
second on July 28, 1978 (Figure H-3(a-k)). Both of these surveys showed the
coni¢al shaped spoil pile with a minimum depth of 15-15.5 meters located approxi -
mately in the center of the disposal area.

Southwest of this mound a slight rise in the bottom can be seen, particu-
larly on Lane 18 (Figures H-2 f and H-3 f), that is located just west of the
Present position of the disposal buoy. This rise is the only topographic ex-
pression of spoils that have been dumped in this area since the conclusion of

the New Haven project,

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The extreme flatness of the bottom in this area provides an opportunity
to test volume calculations relative to losses of spoil material over the
period of time between surveys. However, the flatness also causes small verti-
cal changes in depth measurement to result in large horizontal changes in con-
tour locations. Consequently, programs are being developed to calcutate volume
of spoil based on integration of vertical profiles, or inversely by calculation
of water volume over a given area. This work is currently in progress and will

be evaluated for application to this and other disposal sites.

Currents

Two sets of current data have been obtained at the New Haven di sposal

site, The first set of data from 13 April, 1978 to 16 May, 1978 is presented
in Table H-1 and Figure H-4(a-c), the second set from 29 July to 11 September

is shown in Table H-2 and Fiqure H-5(a-c). Both sets of data are similar, how- |
ever, in all respects, the second record has slightly higher energy content. |
This energy is contained mostly in the residual component. The residual com-
ponent of the second record has more than twice as much energy as the April

to May record, while the tidal component is only 10% greater. It should be

noted however, that the entire residual component comprises only 10-15% of the
energy contained in each record.

The 10% highest speeds for both of these records are less than the peak
tidal speeds, which is also a reflection of the larae component of tidal motion,
It is significant that these speeds represent only the upper 4.7 and 6.5% respec-
tively. Consequently, the residual component is not sufficient to cause many

values higher than the tidal motion alone.

TABLE H-1
New Haven Current Pata

13 April-16 May, 1978

“Total OBS. | Tidal Cur- | Residual | Mean

rent Inc. | 4

Current Mean Current } Current
Semi -major axis

(cm/sec)
ey al ae

(cm/sec )

sa a
(OT)

Horizontal. Kinetic

energy (dynes/sec) PZ, 35 102. 31 11231

Peak Snead
(cm/sec)

erage maxi mum
speed (cm/sec)

TABLE H-2
NEW HAVEN CURRENT DATA
29 July-11 Sept., 1978

“otal se | Residual |
: rent Inc.
Current Mean Current | current
| Semi-major axis
q (cm/sec ) 16. ee woes: 93
eae minor axis
(cm/sec)
Direction
(°T)
Horizontal Kinetic
energy (dynes/sec) 139. 37 uid iete 95 27, 16
10% Highest speeds | 29.62
(cm/sec) ‘5. Baal

Peak speed
(cm/sec)

Average maximum
speed (cm/sec)

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Most of these data indicate that the tidal energy is the only siqnificant
factor in current flow at the New Haven site. However, during the period from
14 to 15 May, 1978, a storm passed through the area that completely altered the
pattern of flow and more than doubled the velocities encountered on the bottom
(Fig. H-6). This stopm had strong easterly winds that affected the water
column such that the westerly component of the tide on day "31" and "32" almost
doubled in speed while the easterly component was essentially eliminated. Al-
though this westerly drift must have moved significant amounts of water towards
the western end of the sound, no rebound or reverse flow was observed following
the storm, Events such as this must be monitored with the BOLT system to

evaluate the stress and potential for erosion of spoils that may occur.

Sediments

Heavy metal contents of sediments from the New Haven area are presented
in Table H-3, These samples have relatively high concentrations both on and
off the spoil mound that compare with values measured in Western Long Island
Sound. Although concentrations are htgh, the enrichment relative to iron is
not as great as found in the western sound. Identification of spoil material
on the basis of chemical content will be more difficult at New Haven, than at

other locations because of the lack of contrast with baseline conditions.
Biochemical Studies

The Mytilus edulis samples from Latimer's Light used at the New Haven
disposal site were collected on January 16, 1978. However, when ice in the
Connecticut River caused a leak in the research vessel, the mussels were kept

under flowing seawater conditions at Noank, Conn. until April 10, 1978. When

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they were finally deployed, the disposal site mussels were located at 41908'59.1"N,
72953"19.1"W and the reference cage at 41909'16.2"N, 72954'26.0"W.

Table H-4 and Figure H-7 summarize changes in the ratios of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg,
Pb and Zn in mussels maintained at New Haven disposal and reference site. Not-
able increases in heavy metal concentrations are seen only in Cu and Zn. The
concentration of Cu found in mussels from the New Haven disposal and reference
sites, as well as Zn in those from the disposal site are significantly higher
than that of the baseline. In general, even though the ratios are within the
95% confidence limits of the baseline concentrations, the ratios from the dis-
posal area are always higher than those from the reference area. |

Samples obtained from the disposal site cage in October "78 revealed that
nearly all the mussels at the disposal site had died. Analysis of the mussels
recovered is currently underway to determine the reasons for the high mortality.
Replacement mussels from Latimer's Light will most likely be deployed during
the next cruise to the New Haven area.

Additional problems have arisen at the New Haven reference site where a

dragger has fouled the cage and caused damage, however at. this time the problem
does not appear to be severe.
Benthic Macrofauna

Tables H-5 and H-6 present the numerical density data for benthic macro-
fauna at the New Haven disposal site and reference station, Although there. are

greater numbers of individuals at the New Haven disposal site than at the ref-

erence station, other parameters, such as Diversity and Equitability are similar.

Fisheries

No comprehensive studies of fisheries have yet been made at this disposal
|

area. In the DAMOS project, fishing activity in the dump site area will be-

|

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DEPLOYED AT CORNFIELD SHOALS, New Haven, WLIS anp CABLE AND ANCHoR REEF
DisposaL SITES (SouTHERN New ENGLAND),

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1-16-78 LATIMER’S x 218 4,342 10,805 0;240 248,58 3.162
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S.D 0.009 1,44
7-29-78 NewHaven x 2,90 7.23 19,86 0.254 7.90 23
DisPOSAL SHE 0.29 1.68 0.86 0,010 0,99 20

SITE

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mapped and described by interviewing fishermen and personnel of state and federal
resource. agencies. The area of interest is within a mile of the disposal buoy.
Emphasis will be on direct interference, changes in catches, and condition of

catches. Potential pollution problems will also be examined.

Lobster. Lobstering is the major fishery in the disposal site area. On July
21, 1978 lobster buoys within one-half mile of the disposal buoy were identified
by number and mapped. About 30 buoys were seen and four identification numbers
were recorded. These were fished by three vessels. Buoy strings were concen-
trated on the northen edge of the spoil mound. There were two strings on the
northeast part of the mound, a few buoys southeast of the mound, and none were
seen on the southwest portion of the mound.

The twy fishermen operating most of the pots seen in the area were inter-
viewed by telephone. The following description is drawn from these conversa-
tions and should be considred as a starting point to be corrected and expanded.

It was reported that in addition to the three fishermen whose buoys were
seen at the dump -site two others have large numbers of pots close enough to the
west to be concerned with dump site management.

One fisherman reported placing pots at the site in April and remaining there
until September or November ; another fishes the site from March 15th to Labor
Day and from Octoher 15th to January. Pots are moved relatively little as com-
pared to other parts of New England where fishing follows inshore-offshore mi -
grations. The preference for leaving pots in place has resulted in fishing
close to the site while dumping was taking place.

One fisherman reported that previous to the 1973 disposal, catches were

better in the dump site area than east or west of it. Egg bearing lobsters

were particularaly abundant. During the 1973-74 disposal some gear was lost

due to surface vessel activity. A few pots fished on the site caught no lobsters
throughout the spring following cessation of dumping. In the year following,
catches on the spoil were very low and pots could be stuck in the soft mud.

Low catches and "mudding up" were correlated with strong spring tides.

Since 1974 there has been slow recovery of catches with possible drop-offs
associated with the small dumping jobs. The present catches are estimated by
one fisherman to be one-half of pre-1973 levels and smaller than in the area
west of the site.

The lobsters caught at the dump site are reported to be of high quality
with few culls. Relatively few "ground-keepers" with dark, heavy shells are

found, One fisherman mentioned a relative absence of smaller lobsters while
another mentioned the presence of small lobsters which reached legal size after

shedding in the area.

Tentative arrangements have been made with a lobsterman to collect data
from strings of pots close to and at a distance from the site for two months
prior to dumping, during dumping, and through the following summer. Data on
“numbers, sizes, and sex of lobsters will be collected and the differences be-

tween sites analyzed by analysis of variance.

Finfish, Previous reports on the New Haven disposal site do not locate any
trawl fisheries near the site. Lobstermen will make a tow for lobster bait
in this area on rare occasions.

During jate summer and fall large draggers from New York and New sersey
fish for scup (porgy) in this area. Draqgers are reported to have avoided the
spoil mound for several years until] it had leveled off or became more compact.

DAMOS divers observed a deep gouge made by trawl doors on the spoil surface in

1978, Scup are often associated with bottom mounds and may be attracted to the
spoil pile. The spoil mound is a very small part of the range of the scup
fishery. Closure of the area to trawling would have no effect on the fishery
as a whole, but would increase the value of the area to the lobster fishery.
Oysters and other shallow water fisheries will not be considered in this

<tudy because of their distance from the disposal site (approximately 4 miles).

if ‘