The Dog-fancier's guide : plain instructions for breeding and managing the several varieties of field, sporting, and fancy dogs, with the most approved method of distinguishing and treating the various diseases to which they are subject

433

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

Bull- dog.

arles's Dog.

Springer.

THE

DOG-FANCIER'S

ft

GUIDE:

PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR BREEDING AND MANAGING

THE SEVERAL VARIETIES

OF

FIELD, SPORTING, AND FANCY

DOGS:

WITH THE

MOST APPROVED METHOD OF DISTINGUISHING AND TREATING

THE VARIOUS DISEASES

TO WHICH THEY ARE SUBJECT.

DEAN & Co. THREADNEEDLE. STREET.

THE DOG.

English Setter.

THE Dog has, in all ages and in all countries, been
esteemed as the peculiar friend and companion of
man: faithful to its trust, sincere in its attachments,
and docile and affectionate in its intercourse with its
master and the members of his family, this animal
has indeed a superior claim to this title, which, by
general consent, has been awarded to the species
generally.

Few animals of the same family differ so essen-
tially from each other in size and appearance as the
several varieties of the dog tribe: the wolf, the fox,
and the jackal, are all included as belonging to the
same class of animals, and are all termed the canine
species ; yet while the wolf, the fox, and the jackal,
each present and retain their own peculiar similarity
of shape and character, the dog itself has branched
out into an almost innumerable variety, many of
them marked with as much peculiarity of character,
and dissimilarity of appearance, as if they were ani-
mals of a distinct and separate species. The mastiff,
the bull-dog, the greyhound, the harrier, and the

B

6 DOGS.

diminutive breeds of the spaniel, all possess the dis-
tinctive and peculiar organic formation which consti-
tutes and defines the dog; yet they are as unlike
each other in size, shape, and peculiar characteris-
tics, as are animals of a distinct race.

For courage, docility, and perfection of brood,
the British race of dogs are most highly prized, and
foreign nations generally fully acknowledge and ap-
preciate this. — Hence a perfect-bred dog is con-
sidered as a valuable present, and estimated accord-
ingly.

In a wild state, dogs live in hordes, and seek their
prey like other untamed animals, except that they
always hunt in packs, and thus run down their prey;
but brought into connexion with human society, the
very nature of the dog seems changed, he forfeits
his liberty without regret, and seems most happy
when belonging to a master to whom he can be
faithful as a friend, servant, or companion. In
domestication, his ambition seems to be, the desire to
please; to offer his force, his courage, and all his
useful talents, at the service of his master, seems to
give him peculiar gratification; he waits his orders, to
which he pays implicit obedience: he consults his
looks, and a single glance is sufficient to put him in
motion: he is faithful and constant, friendly with-
out interest, and grateful for the slightest favours:
more mindful of benefits received than injuries
offered, he is not driven off by unkindness: he still
continues submissive; and even licks the hand just
lifted to strike him, and disarms resentment by sub-
missive perseverence.

Buffon, the celebrated naturalist, thu writes of
the dog: " More docile than man, more obedient

DOGS. 7

than any other animal, he is not only instructed in a
short time, but he also conforms to the dispositions
and manners of those who command him. He takes
his tone from the house he inhabits: like the rest of
the domestics, he is disdainful among the great, and
churlish among clowns. He knows a beggar by his
clothes, by his voice, or his gestures, and forbids his
approach. When, at night, the protection of the
house is committed to his care, he seems proud of
the charge; he continues a watchful sentinel; he
goes his rounds, scents strangers at a distance, and
gives them a warning of his being upon duty. If
they attempt to break in upon his territories, he
becomes more fierce, flies at them, threatens, fights,
and either conquers alone, or alarms those who have
most interest in coming to his assistance; however,
when he has conquered, he quietly reposes upon his
spoil, and abstains from abusing — thus giving at
once a lesson of courage, temperance, and fidelity."

The best dogs have flat nostrils, yet round, solid,
and blunt. Their teeth are like saws, and change in
or about the fourth month of their age. White,
smooth, and sharp-pointed teeth denote youth in
dogs; after a time, the teeth become yellow spotted,
and their points wear an uneven and jagged appear-
ence; blackish or dusky-coloured teeth are indicative
of more advanced age.

Dogs may be suffered to breed when a twelve-
month old. The female goes with young about nine
weeks, a.nd produces from three to six at a litter, at
first; and afterwards a greater number. The young
pups are born blind, and do not obtain their sight
till after ten or twelve days; and after about two
months, their faculties begin to develope themselves.
At twenty months, or two years, dogs arrive at their
full vigour.

O DOGS.

The males continue to propagate till advanced
age impair their faculties; while the female discon-
tinues having young ones at about the age of eight
or nine years; she is in heat usually twice a year, for
a period of ten to fifteen days, during which time
she will, unless restrained, admit a variety of males,
having, apparently, but little choice or preference;
it is therefore essential to keep a watch over her
when in heat, or her progeny will be a mongrel race,
without any pretension to perfection either of breed
or quality.

Dogs usually live about fourteen or fifteen years;
they have been known to attain the age of twenty
years. In their advanced age, dogs frequently suffer
greatly from decay, and various diseases, and are
extremely subject to rheumatism, from their exposure
to rain and damp.

Dogs are naturally carnivorous, that is, they
subsist on flesh; but in a state of domestication,
they will also partake of farinaceous food. — Instinct
points out to the dog a particular sort of grass,
as the bearded wheat grass, and the rough cock's foot
grass, as a vomit, when oppressed by sickness, to
which he always has recourse when either is within
reach. — He takes his drink by lapping it up with
his long flexible tongue.

The dog does not sensibly perspire by the skin;
the superfluous moisture of the body escapes at the
mouth by panting, when heated, and by tl*e extra-
ordinary diuretic habits of the animal. It is a
singular fact that a dog will rarely pass a stone or a
wall against which another dog has watered, without
following his example; and the rapid secretion of
urine which enables him to repeat this many times,

DOGS. 9

is truly wonderful. The sense of smell differs in
different varieties, but in all is sufficiently strong
and refined to enable the dog to seek out and follow
his master even among a crowd. His sense of
hearing is also quick. He expresses anger by growl-
ing or barking; and shows delight by wagging his
tail.

The preceding observations are applicable to dogs
generally. — We now proceed to describe the several
species and to point out their chief characteristics;
premising, that in our arrangement we follow the
popular rather the scientific mode of distinguishing
the several varieties.

FIELD DOGS.

The Greyhound, in its several varieties, stands
prominently forward among the field dogs: they
hunt in packs or singly, principally by the eye,
though sometimes by the scent; while others of the
same race, hunt singly, and always by the eye.

The Greyhound.

THE GREYHOUND. — Of this gracefully-formed
animal there are several varieties, each differing in

10 DOGS.

some particular degree, but all preserving the same
delicate formation peculiar to the species, and taking
their distinctive name from the countries in which
they are bred.

The GREYHOUND, the dog most used in coursing
the hare, is the swiftest of the dog kind: this is the
natural consequence of his peculiar conformation.
His head is long, tapered, and shaped like that of a
snake; his neck long and slender; his ears erect and
pricked, but slightly pendulous at the tips; the tail
fine, pointed, and the hair on it very short; the chest
wide and deep; with strong loins, and large and
prominent hip-muscles.

The IRISH GREYHOUND is the noblest of the race.
In shape he bears-*, strong resemblance to the com-
mon greyhound, but is much taller, and stronger.
In early times his use was to hunt the wolves and
wild boars, which abounded in Ireland. The hair is
short and smooth, and the colour fawn or pale cin-
namon. The ordinary height of the Irish grey-
hound is three to four feet.

The SCOTTISH GREYHOUND either hunts in packs
or singly, and is an animal of great size and strength,
and very swift of foot. His head is long, and nose
sharp; his ears short, and rather pendulous at the
tips; his eyes brilliant, penetrating, and half con-
cealed by the curled hairs which cover his face and
body. He is remarkable for the depth of his chest;
his back is slightly arched; his hind quarters are
powerfully formed, and his limbs strong and straight.
These qualities particularly fit him for long endur-
ance in the chase. His colour is usually a reddish
sand-colour, mixed with white; his tail is long and

DOGS.

11

shaggy, which he carries high, like the Staghound*
although not so erect. This dog was used by the
Scottish Highland chieftains in their great -hunting
parties.

The ITALIAN GREYHOUND is a ladies' dog; it is a
miniature of the common greyhound, being only
about half the size of that dog. Its very fine skin
is of a silky texture, and it is so tender as to be easily
injured by cold or wet. It is valued only as a
pet, being useless in other respects.

THE hounds which hunt in packs, and principally
by the scent, include the terriers, the bloodhound, the
stag-hound, the fox-hound, the harrier, and beagle.

English Terrier.

TERRIER, — This dog has a most acute smell,
and is particularly serviceable in fox and badger
hunting. The rough terrier is short-legged, long
backed, very strong, and usually of a dark or yel-
lowish colour mixed with white. — Another variety is
smooth and sleek, having a shorter body and more
sprightly appearance. The Terrier is possessed of
great courage, and is a most determined enemy to all
vermin. It is a very useful auxiliary to a pack of
hounds, getting into the earth when the fox has
taken to his hole, and forcing him out.

12 DOGS.

THE BLOODHOUND is the largest of the kind, and
most ferocious of the dog tribe; it is most valued
for the keenness of its scent and its determined
perseverance: In colour, they are usually of a brown
or red tint, or those tints mixed, and sometimes
even white or black spots or patches show them-
selves on their skin. — Their peculiar characteristic
is, that being urged on to follow the foot-scent of
the object of which they are put in pursuit, they will
follow with an untiring perseverance, and rarely fail
to come up with and capture the object. They are
not often used now, except upon particular occasions,
as their ferocity renders more care and control
necessary than with any other description of hound.

The Stag-hound.

THE STAGHOTJND, like the Bloodhound, is prinqj^
pally celebrated for its exquisite sense of smelling, and
will often follow and distinguish the scent long after
the lighter beagles have given it up; — the body of
this dog is long, its chest deep, and its ears of great
length; it is the largest of the British dogs of chase;
and has a noble and peculiarly dignified appearance:
possessing great sagacity and endurance in the chase;
it is estimated as a useful and valuable member
of the pack.

DOGS.

13

The Fox- Hound.

THE Fox-HouND. — The head is smaller in pro-
portion to his body, than that of the stag-hound,
although it has a larger muzzle: the ears also are
large and pendulous, but not so much so as either of
the preceding hounds. — It is a most determined
enemy of the fox, and an active, useful dog.

The Harrier.

THE HARRIER. — This hound also hunts by scent,
and has an excellent nose. It is most useful in the
pursuit of the hare, being too light and delicate for
the more protracted chace of the fox or the deer;
they are, however, sometimes seen with the pack,
and instances have known of their evincing great
powers of untiring perseverance in the chace of deer.
c

14 DOGS.

THE i BEAGLE also possesses the same sense of
smelling in a very acute degree, and is very useful
as a light, active hound, in the pursuit of the hare.
It is the smallest dog used in the chace, but capable
of great exertion and perseverance.

Beside the preceding field dogs, which may be
properly denominated hounds, there are several other
varieties much esteemed by the sportsman : of these,
the Pointers and the Setter require to be noticed as
most useful auxiliaries in the sports of the field,
their prominent bent being to chase and point birds
by the scent.

Thus while the Terrier, the Stag-hound, and the
Fox-hound may be considered most suitable for the
chace; the Pointer and the Setter are esteemed as
the more appropriate companion of the sportsman
in pursuit of game.

The Sjtunish Pointer.

THE SPANISH POINTER is particularly useful to
the sportsman, being one of the staunchest dogs
adapted to his use, and is remarkable for the apti-
tude with which he watches and anticipates the very
wishes of his master. Crossed with the fox-hound,
the produce is an equally useful but more rapid dog,
known as the English Pointer.

DOGS.

15

The English Pointer.

THE ENGLISH POINTER. This dog is principally
employed for finding of partridges, pheasants, &c. —
and is very docile and obedient. — It differs in size,
and somewhat in colour; and is valued for its utility
and sagacity, as well as for the beauty and sym-
metry of its appearance. An improvement in this
dog is obtained by crossing it with the harrier.

English Setter.

THE SETTER is, as its name imports, a sports-
mans' companion: they are steady serviceable dogs
in the field, but are not so rapid in their movements
as the English Pointer.

THE SPRINGER is a small but nimble dog, some-
what like the Setter in make, but shorter in the
body and legs : its ears are very long and pendulous,
and its hair long and shaggy. It is found useful in
woodcock and snipe shooting.

16 DOGS.

WATER DOGS.

MOST of these dogs might with propriety have been
included under the head of Field Dogs; but as they
have the peculiar property of readily taking to the
water, particularly when in pursuit of game, we give
them a distinct place. — The dogs which will come
under notice in this division, are — the Water- spaniel,
the Newfoundland dog, and the rough Water-dog.
There are several other varieties, as the Esquimaux
dog, the Siberian dog, and others; but as they
are not made any use of in this kingdom, we refrain
from any further notice of them.

••S&r ^

The Water Spaniel.

THE WATER SPANIEL. — This dog is of essential
service to the sportsman in the pursuit of wild fowl,
as it follows the birds eagerly both on land and in
the water. It is about the size of the Setter, but
much stronger in make. — Its body is covered with
hair crisped in small curls, generally of a darkish
brown liver colour; while its face is smooth, as are
also the fronts of its legs.

There is a smaller variety, the produce between
the large Water-dog and the Springer. — This dog is
thickly covered with fine hair, curled all over in
separate curls. It is usually of a white colour,
sometimes patched with black.

DOGS.

The Newfoundland Dog.

THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG. — This noble and
intelligent animal is justly esteemed for its many
useful qualities, as well as for the symmetry of its
form. — Its hair is peculiarly graceful, being long,
flowing, and slightly curled. — It is web-footed, and
can thereby swim fast, and dive with ease, bringing
up any object from a considerable depth without
any apparent difficulty. Its strength and docility
render it very useful to fishermen, who are often
placed in perilous situations, that, but for the ready
aid given by this sagacious animal, might prove fatal.
Its length often exceeds six feet, and its height
about four feet. The docility of the Newfoundland
dog is very remarkable; and the valuable assistance
it often offords in case of shipwreck, as well as
in instances of sudden immersion in the water,
renders it peculiarly useful to the coast-guard.

THE ROUGH WATER DOG. — This animal is also
web-footed, and swims and dives with ease and dex-
terity.— It is variously coloured, and its hati is long
and curly. It seems very much attached to the
water, and is sometimes seen on board of small
vessels, from its aptness to fetch and carry aquatic
shot fowl. — There is a smaller variety of the water-
C3

18 DOGS.

dog, that is particularly partial to jumping into the
water from a great height, as from a bridge, and is a
very active and useful dog.

WATCH DOGS.

The dogs included in this class, are chiefly em-
ployed in domestic uses; guarding our property by
night, and protecting our persons by day: no sen-
tirial can be more watchful, no dependant more
faithful: proud of the charge, the watch-dog is
vigilant and careful; the least noise foreign to his
ears, puts him on the alert, and should an unknown
footstep give the slightest notice of approaching the
limit of his teritories, he warns the trespasser that
he is prepared to oppose his nearer approach; nor
does he cease barking until all probability of in-
vasion is removed, and security again restored.
The principal or rather the most useful of this de-
scription of dogs, are — the Shepherd's dog, the Cur,
or Watch-dog, the Mastiff, and the Bull-dog.

The Shepherd's Dog.

THE SHEPHERD'S DOG. — Although we have placed
this among the watch-dogs, to which rank the care
of the flock evidently entitles him, his peculiar line

DOGS. 19

of duty lies out of doors, in attendance on the shep-
herd: his appearance is harsh and unprepossessing,
being covered with long but rather woolly hair; with
erect ears, bent somewhat downwards at the tips;
nor does his colour improve his general unsightliness,
being usually a mixture of black and grey, But
whatever may be wanting in appearance, is amply
made up by the truly useful and valuable services he
renders to his master, and by the great sagacity,
gratitude, and self-denial, he exercises in the dis-
charge of his various and important duties.

The Shepherd's dog is the faithful and untiring
companion of the shepherd, whose duties would
be difficult and arduous indeed, but for the assistance
he receives from his useful and intelligent companion.
With no other object than his duty, no other motive
than obedience, he receives commands, and is always
prompt to execute them; he is the watchful guardian
of the flock, prevents them from straggling, conducts
them from one part of their pasture to another, and
will not suffer any strangers to mix with them. In
driving a number of sheep to any distant part, a well-
trained dog never fails to confine them to the road,
watches every avenue that leads from it, where he
takes his stand, threatening every delinquent. He
pursues the stragglers, if any should escape, and
forces them into order, without doing them the least
injury. If the herdsman be obliged to leave them,
he depends upon his dog to keep the flock together;
and as soon as he hears the well-known signal, this
faithful creature conducts them to his master, though
at a considerable distance.

One very remarkable singularity in the feet of the
shepherd dog, is that all of them have one, and
some two, toes more than other dogs, though they

£0 DOGS.

seem to be of little or no use, appearing destitute of
muscles, and dangling at the hind part of the leg,
more like an excrescence, than a necessary part of
the animal.

This breed of dogs is preserved in the greatest
purity in the northern parts of Scotland, where the
exercise of its useful qualities is constantly required.

The Cur or Watch dog.

THE CUR, or WATCH-DOG, has some resemblance
to the Shepherd's dog, except that he is stronger in
the make, with nearly smooth hair, and half pricked
ears. — To the grazier and the farmer the services he
renders are peculiarly important, and to them he is
a trusty and useful servant. He is mostly employed
in attending upon large droves of cattle, and being
larger and stronger than the shepherd's dog, to
whom indeed he claims a near relationship, he is the
better qualified for the rougher duties he has to
perform. He always makes his attack upon the heel
of the animal he wishes to urge forward, and bites
with great keenness. His sagacity is very promi-
nent, and he soon ascertains the limits of his mas-
ter's fields, to which he is anxious to confine the
animals entrusted to his care, which he tends and
watches with a jealous fidelity.

HOGS. 21

The Mastiff.

THE MASTIFF may properly be termed a house-
dog; it is a large-sized, noble-looking animal, formed
in every way for the important trust of guarding
valuable property: committed to his care, and under
his keeping, the gardens, yards, and house, are per-
fectly safe; for while he is on duty, no stranger dare
approach the premises; a growl of defiance gives
timely notice of the least intrusion, and should the
stranger have the temerity to enter, he meets with
so fierce an opponent, that he is soon glad to retreat.

During the day, the Mastiff is usually confined to
his kennel; but at the appoach of night, his task of
watchfulness commences; he is then left to range at
full liberty; and woe to the trespasser who dares to
intrude upon the premises with the care of which he
is intrusted.

The Mastiff has a peculiarly flat large head, and
blunted short muzzle; his full lips hang over the
lower jaw: his ears are small, and rather pendulous.
His aspect is peculiarly sullen and grave; and his
voice is loud and deep-toned. — Too much confine-
ment makes him ferocious; but a judicious mode of
treatment renders him docile, useful, and faithful.

22 DOGS.

rlhe Hull Dog.

THE BULL DOG. — This truly noble English dog is
the boldest and most determined of all the race; his
courage is invincible, and his strength astonishing,
as indicated by the remarkable depth of his chest,
and the powerful muscular construction of his whole
body. His head is large, flattened in the upper part,
and his muzzle much blunted: his eyes are far apart,
and the under jaw projects considerably beyond the
upper one.

In one respect, the Bull-dog is deficient; in him
the sense of smelling is so dull and blunted, that
instances have been known of his flying at and
attacking his master, not distinguishing him from a
stranger: but in every respect in which courage or
the most determined perseverance are required, he is
without parallel: indeed, so obstinate and deter-
mined are the attacks of this dog, that he will rather
endure mutilation of his limbs than quit his hold; nor
will he yield, while life exists, even where he has not
the remotest probability of overcoming his opponent.

Now, however, since bull-baiting and the more
brutalizing sports are discouraged in every way, the
ferocious spirit of this animal is not so much sought
for and fostered; a more useful animal, with every
good quality, but with less ferocity, will ultimately
be the result.

BOGS. 23

FANCY AND LAP DOGS.

BUT a few years since, the breed of lap-dogs fur-
nished but little variety, being almost limited to the
French poodle, or Lion-dog, the Pug-dog, and
the pretty little variety of the Spaniel, known as
King Charles's dog; now, however, that of late years
more attention has been paid to the breeding and
rearing of fancy dogs, a much greater variety has
been produced: some of these are remarkable for
beauty of shape and regularity of the spots by which
they are marked; others are noted for diminutive-
ness of size; and some others for playfulness and
vivacity. — As our work is intended to give a general
notice of the dog tribe, we cannot, therefore, pass
over the Fancy and Lap-dogs.

The SPANIEL kind seem to have been the stock or
source whence the greater proportion of the fancy
dogs have been produced: the KING CHARLES'S DOG
is one of the prettiest and liveliest of those: it is,
indeed, an elegant little pet dog, and obtained its
appellation from the circumstance that the witty and
merry monarch, Charles II. was usually accompanied
in his walks by several of these little favourite ani-
mals. It is well known in this country, and is much
prized as a pretty agreeable pet companion: its head
is small and rounded, with the snout short, and
the tail curved back: its ears are long, hair curled,
and feet webbed; from which circumstance it swims
with celerity and eagerly pursues water-fowl.

THE FRENCH POODLE, or Lion-dog, is another of
the pet tribe: it is usually of a white colour, and

DOGS.

small in size; its distinguishing characteristic is that
the head and fore part of the body is well covered
with shaggy hair, after the appearance of a mane,
while the hinder parts of the body are quite smooth,
with the exception of a tuft of hair at the extremity
of the tail. This dog was formerly much prized;
but the improvement in the breed of fancy dogs has
a good deal decreased the estimation in which it
was held.

THE PUG-DOG. — This is another variety of the lap
dogs, much more prized in former years than at pre-
sent; indeed, the breed itself i's but little cared for,
the estimation in which it was held being very con-
siderably lessened: its principal peculiarity was in its
miniature resemblance to the Bull-dog, from which
animal, indeed, it said to have sprung, with some
other occasional admixture of the small Danish dog.

Of late years, the breed of fancy dogs has been
very much practised, and with very signal success:
for while, in former years, the tribe of lap dogs com-
prised but a very few animals, it now comprehends
a very considerable variety, the chief characteristic
of which is, symmetry of appearance, diminutiveness
of size, length of ears, length and softness of hair,
and regularity of the spots or marks by which the
several breeds are distinguished. The history and
treatment of the Spaniel, is, however, the history and
treatment of them all; with the reservation that to
obtain the best whelps, the prettiest kinds and best
made dogs should be selected to breed from.

DOGS. 25

MISCELLANEOUS VARIETIES OF DOGS.

It is not our intention, under this head, to parti-
cularise the great numbers of cross-bred dogs that
constitute the endless varieties which present them-
selves to view in every direction; some few of them
may be estimated for some peculiarity of shape,
or make, or colour; but as they are generally value-
less for any useful purpose, we shall not step out of
our way to make an exception even in their favour;
except, in a subsequent part of this comprehensive
treatise, to show how the complaints with which,
like others of the dog tribe, they are subject to, may
be prevented and removed. Suffice it, therefore, to
say, that where dogs are permitted to go at large,
and intermix with each other without control or re-
straint; the consequence must be, a degenerate
mongrel race of curs, undistinguished by any good
quality, and valueless for any positive real use: edu-
cation may, indeed, do something to improve them;
but unless the breeding be conducted upon judicious
principles, no good result can be expected; and no
dog produced from such a mixture of breeds will be
worth the expense of maintenance; — added to this,
our streets would be less infested with the currish
race, were the breed of dogs more carefully at-
tended to, arid that distressing malady hydrophobia,
or canine madness, less frequently met with, and
much less often attended with such horrible and fatal
results. —

Our next observations will apply to the best
methods of preserving the perfect breeds of the seve-
ral varieties of dogs of which we have treated.

DOGS.

ON THE

BREEDING AND TREATMENT OF DOGS.

IN breeding dogs, the principal care to be exerted
is in the choice of the parents; on no account
should a cross be permitted, unless as an experi-
ment, with a view to obtain some improvement; but
even in this case, the dogs should be true to their
respective breeds.

Dogs should not be allowed to couple till they
have attained the age of two years; their progeny
will be much the better for it: the female, prior to
this, should be carefully watched, and when in heat,
locked up, and a little cooling medicine given her.
Breed from the best-shaped and healthiest animals;
this is a rule which should never be departed from.
When the female has admitted the dog, care should
be taken to keep all other dogs from her; for unless
she be restrained, she will admit several others, to
the very great deterioration of her progeny.

The period of gestation, in dogs, is about nine
weeks; the litter usually consists of from three to
seven at a birth: the young ones are born blind, and
do not obtain their sight till about ten or twelve
days. In about two months, their peculiar faculties
begin to exhibit themselves. — At the age of six
months, their first teeth are replaced by others; and
from that period till they are twenty months old,
they continue to grow: at twro years of age, they are
usually considered to have arrived at their full vigour.

DOGS. 27

When about four or five weeks old, young whelps
are usually looked to, with a view of redressing any
imperfection which may exist in their appearance;
they are now deprived of their dew claws; and a
piece may be pinched off the tail, if too long; where
their ears require paring, it may now be done. —
Emasculation of the males, if intended, should now
be effected; this renders the animal much more
docile and agreeable.

A very old and strange prejudice is still existent
as to dogs having a worm beneath their tongue; and
the general opinion is, that unless this be removed,
by the process, termed WORMING, the animal will
bite at whatever comes in its way, should it ever be
affected with fits or with the hydrophobia. In truth,
no such worm exists, and the operation itself is both
cruel and unnecessary. — What is called the worm, is
merely a small ligament in the bridle beneath the
tongue; and when the bridle is out, the ligament
may be drawn forward and separated at both extre-
mities; the contraction of this ligament, when first
seen, resembles the movements of a worm — hence
the origin of the ignorant idea about the worm.

The feeding of young dogs rarely meets with the
attention its importance deserves; too often they are
but half fed, and left, for the remainder, to what
they can pick up: this plan is very objectionable,
and we would press upon the notice of those who
keep dogs, not to trust to the chance of what they
may pick up either in the kitchen or the parlour, but
to give them their own regular daily meal of food
adapted to the wants of the dog, and having refer-
ence to the duties required of it.

Flesh, generally speaking, is the most eligible

DOGS.

standard food for dogs, but this should not be given
raw, as its tendency is to produce a ferocity of dis-
position: cold boiled meat is decidedly the best; but
it should be varied, now and then, with a little dog
biscuit, or farinaceous food, as oatmeal porridge pre-
pared with broth in which meat has been boiled. A
little bread dipped in the same sort of broth, and
given to the dog, is very nourishing, as are also a
few bones from the dinner or supper table: they
assist their teeth, and help to keep their bowels in
order. One good meal a day is sufficient; he may
then be left to pick up what he can.

But though one meal a day, regularly supplied, is
enough for a dog, he must not, on any account, be
restricted in his drink: he should have, at all times,
access to a pan of clean cold water. The pan in
which the water is kept should be cleaned out daily.

Hounds require rather a different treatment to
other kind of dogs: oatmeal porridge, made with
broth in which meat has been boiled, given alternately
with cold boiled flesh, will be found very nourishing.
Before hunting, the hounds should be sharp set;
they go the better for it: on returning from the
chace, the hounds should always be fed; and a se-
cond meal, given some time afterwards, will be found
very serviceable: indeed, some hounds feed better at
the second meal than they do at the first. — After
feeding, the hounds should be turned out into the
lawn or field to relieve themselves; which practice
not only promotes their health, but contributes very
essentially to the cleanliness of their kennel.

Hounds that have been out, should not be taken
out hunting the next day; like horses, they may be
seriously injured if too great a degree of exertion be

DOGS. 29

required of them all at once: a little rest, is very
requisite to them as well as to their masters.

Dogs employed in watching premises should not
be needlessly exposed to the damp or cutting night
winds; but should be provided with a comfortable
wooden house, with a litter of clean straw; and
placed free from exposure to the wind, and in as dry
a situation as possible. If kept in the dwelling-
house, the dog should have a place appropriated to
his night's rest: this may be an open box, or a
basket, with a piece of carpet or blanket, or clean
straw at the bottom: if either of the former, it
should be often beaten, to free it from fleas or nits,
which soon infest it, and frequently washed and dried.

Damp is exceedingly injurious to dogs, as well as
to many other animals, and is very likely to produce
rheumatism and other causes of lameness in the
shoulders and limbs. Fresh air, frequently-changed
straw, and good exercise, will tend to preserve dogs
in health, to which indeed cleanliness is indispensible.

If care be taken with a dog while young, it may
be trained to do almost any thing, to come or go as
desired, to fetch and carry, to lie immoveably still
when spoken to, and to be silent at a look or word of
command; in all these respects, dogs are very
susceptible of instruction, and readily fall into and
adopt the particular habits inculcated by any course
of training. Above all, in a house or yard-dog,
good manners should be especially enforced; he
should be taught to be silent or to lie down when
spoken to, to refrain from leaping up on the laps of
visitors and others, and to conduct himself sub-
missively. To teach a Dog to behave as he ought
to do, in those and other respects, his master should
D3

30 DOGS.

begin with him when young, and use a judicious
degree of severity tempered with kindness in due
place.

The first thing to impress upon a dog is, to make
him understand that he is to do as he is bid; if he
be a little refractory, he must be coerced, and sub-
mission inforced, even though the lesson require to
be repeated several times; as all dogs are very
tractable, in these matters, he will soon know what a
look, a sign, or a word is intended to convey, and
act accordingly.

Hounds require more care and much more careful
training than House or Watch-dogs: their tuition
must commence when very young, and be carefully
attended to, and judiciously managed. — Our limits
will not allow us to enter into details as to the parti-
cular line to be pursued with each kind of hound;
but we may say that the peculiar mode to be pursued,
must be in accordance with the breed or kind of
hound under tuition, and have reference to the
peculiar line of duty which will be expected of him.

Where hounds are well trained and properly disci-
plined, they evince a ready and marked obedience to
the huntsman, which is very conducive to success in
the chace or in the pursuit of game. Dogs that
hunt by the scent require very great attention in
respect to cleanliness; care therefore must be exerted
to preserve it, and perfect cleanliness is one of the best
and surest methods; the same may be said of all
other dogs; cleanliness is not only a preserver and
promoter of their best faculties, but it is also one of
the surest preventives of disease in those noble and
sagacious animals.

DOGS. 31

THE DISEASES OF DOGS,

THEIR CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND METHODS OF CUREy

THE most prolific source of disease in dogs, is
mismanagement: this, again, may be considered
under two distinct heads, neglect and repletion: the
diseases resulting from neglect, are principally those
that arise from exposure to cold or damp, and affect
the digestive organs of the animal, as colds and the
like; and which for want of timely assistance settle
on the lungs and produce catarrhal affections, coughs,
asthma, or similar complaints; sometimes, indeed,
the neglect is even more discreditable, being a total
absence of attention towards the animal; and hence
productive of distemper and other cutaneous diseases;
this is often the case with the mongrel breeds that
infest the streets, the owners of which do not think
it worth while, or are too much engaged, to pay that
necessary attention to their dogs, which they yet
allow to breed indiscriminately, to the great annoy-
ance of the public and often to the peril of them-
selves; for it is not to be wondered at that hydrophobia
should prevail, when so many dogs are neglected
and suffered to roam at large in the streets, exposed
to all the vicissitudes of the weather, and compelled
by the cravings of hunger to feed on whatever comes
in their way. The law, in this respect, in not suf-
ficiently stringent; nor will the fatal and distressing
consequences of the horrible malady, to which this de-
scription of curs are peculiarly liable, be lessened till
some positive steps are taken to prevent or abridge
the indiscriminate increase of the mongrel races
of Dogs.

32 DOGS.

The kind of dogs most liable to diseases caused
by repletion are the fancy and pet in-door and par-
lour dogs, that, from a false notion of kindness
towards them on the part of their masters or mis-
tresses, get overfed and take but little exercise.
Diseases of this kind are not difficult of cure: the
trite saying, " Remove the cause, and the effects
will cease," at once explains the origin of the disease
and the only means by which a complete cure can
be effected.

The best way to prevent disease in dogs is to look
carefully to them in their early days: this has been
partially hinted at in the directions relative to feed-
ing. Too much flesh food, particularly if given raw,
has a tendency to produce or increase a ferocity of
disposition, and create in the animal an offensive
smell: liver has the effect of relaxing the bowels,
and is in other respects objectionable: meat should
always be cooked, and given cold to the dog. On
alternate days, a change of food, of a fariuacious
or vegetable kind, should be given. A few7 bones,
given occasionally, are excellent for dogs: they help
to cleanse their teeth, and also keep their bowels in
order. One meal a day is ample for dogs: his very
nature incites him to eat whenever he can procure
food, but not to feed often; sometime in the course
of the forenoon, present him with a good meal;
and, with the exception of the little pickings he
may obtain, and a few bones from the dinner
table, give him no more till the next day. On no
account overfeed him, or give him so much food as
to deprive him of the power of taking exercise.
Tripe food, boiled, or healthy horse-flesh, are both
good, and, varied a little with other less solid food,
will go far to keep a dog in good order. Colonel

DOGS. 33

Cook, a very good authority in these matters, ob-
serves— that "the ribs should be visible and the flank
moderately hollow, but the loins must be filled up
in a dog in perfect condition. When dogs exhibit
general fulness and too much flesh, commence by
physic and a regular course of exercise, which should
be mild at first, but increased until it is severe.
Avoid too great a privation of food, otherwise the
conditioning process will be retarded."

A dog cannot be kept in a healthy condition
without he is fed regularly and allowed as much
water as he will take; he should also be permitted
to take good exercise daily in the open air, and kept
perfectly clean. — A piece of rock or roll brimstone
kept in the water-pan, will be found useful.

When the bowels are relaxed, you may be sure
that a dog is not in health: as a prevention of this,
let him have good substantial food, and allow him to
run at liberty in search of the peculiar grass which
nature has given him instinct to partake of as a
ready means of correcting the disarrangement of his
bowels. — A little sulphur and antimony, mixed with
the meat, or rolled up as a pill, and given to the dog
when symptoms of disease appear on the skin, will
be found very good, and will also operate as a pre-
ventive of disease; this is a cooling medicine, and is
of great service to dogs.

Flies harrass and torment dogs sadly; they can-
not, perhaps, be wholly eradicated, but they can
be kept in check, and their increase prevented. For
this, cleanliness is the most certain remedy and
preventive. Not more than a week should elapse
without every dog being washed; lap or house-dogs
require to be well washed at least once a week ; after

DOGS.

washing-, they should be rubbed dry with a hard
cloth, and their hair combed or brushed. Very
delicate dogs may be washed in warmer water, and
dried before the tire.

The diseases of dogs are not numerous, although
of late it appears very much the fashion to display a
long catalogue, enumerated under distinct names;
but which, in reality, are not distinct diseases, but
only stages of the same complaint: for instance, a
cold, catarrh, diarrhoea, constipation, cough, and low
fever, are not separate complaints, but all indications
of what is usually termed A COLD; and merely
expressive of the several stages or accompaniments
of that cold: a dog is exposed to the cold and damp,
and his health becomes affected: his bowels are out
of order, either by looseness or too confined; the
looseness is described by the term diarrhoea, the con-
fined state of the bowels by the word constipation,
and the eyes and nose affected by watery runnings,
is called catarrh: still the disease itself is a cold,
of which a cough and low fever are usually the
accompaniments; and the remedial treatment of the
cold is necessarily different according to the peculiar
symptoms or accompaniments of that complaint.

To ADMINISTER MEDICINE TO DOGS. — Place the
dog in an erect position between your knees, with his
back inwards: secure his fore legs by a cloth or
handkerchief brought from behind. Press the upper
lip with the thumb and fingers of one hand, which
will compel him to open his mouth, and then with
the other hand pass the medicine beyond the tongue
into the gullet: withdraw your hand quickly, and
shut his mouth, keeping his head in the same erect
position till the medicine is swallowed.

DOGS.

THE DISTEMPER.

THIS disease, to which young dogs are most liable,
usually attacks them about the third to the sixth
month of their age. It is of an inflammatory na-
ture at its commencement, succeeded by excessive
debility.

Symptoms. — Sudden loss of usual spirit, activity,
and appetite; drowsiness, dullness of the eyes, and
lying at length with the nose to the ground; cold-
ness of the extremities, ears, and legs, and heat of
the head and body; sudden emaciation, and exces-
sive weakness, particularly in the hinder quarters,
which begin to sink and drag after the animal; an
apparent tendency to evacuate from the bowels, a
little at a time; sometimes vomiting; eyes and nose
often, but not always, affected with a catarrhal dis-
charge. In an advanced stage of the disease, spas-
modic and convulsive twitchings occur, the nervous
and muscular system being materially affected; gid-
diness and turning round, foaming at the mouth,
and fits. The disease, in this stage, is often taken
for incipient madness, into which it might not im-
probably degenerate.

Remedy. — Give, daily, mild doses of from two
to three grains of calomel alone, in milk, and let the
animal lap it up: continue this for four or five days,
with intermissions when necessary, and it will carry
the dog safely through, if taken in time. James's
powders are also a safe and certain cure. Bleeding is
recommended at the commencement. While the
disease exists, light food should be given, a little at
the time, as gruel, or broth, thickened with oatmeal-

36 DOGS.

and to aid his recovery, nourishing food should be
allowed him.

Prevention. — The best mode of prevention, or at
at least of rendering the attack much less severe, is
to keep the young dogs from too much animal food,
and give them, whenever costive, a little opening
medicine, as jalap, or calomel, or both. Whenever
the dog's eyes look red and dull, and the head heavy,
this opening medicine is very useful. As another
means of prevention, very young dogs should be
kept from the water, especially if of tender con-
stitutions.

THE MANGE.

THIS nauseous and loathsome disease is of the
cutaneous kind, that is, affecting the skin, and some-
what resembles the itch in the human species: it is
usually induced by a want of cleanliness; too close
confinement of the animal in a small kennel, where
its acrid excrements produce an unhealthy affluvia, is
one of the surest modes of originating iti food poor
in quality or stinted in quantity, and particularly if
salt, also causes this noxious disease, which is conta-
gious. Cleanliness, and a little medicine occasionally,
on the contrary, is a sure preventive.

Symptoms. — The mange is known by the dog
almost constantly scratching himself, and by the
skin appearing moist, and sometimes scabby; if the
parts affected be examined, pimples or fissures on
the skin, many of which are ruptured by the rub-
bing, and exude a serous humour, which thickens and
forms scabs: this very soon spreads over the should-
ers, back, and hinder parts.

DOGS. 37

The disease called the SURFEIT, is somewhat simi-
lar, but less virulent; and yields to the same medical
treatment.

llemedy. — Scrub the dog with soft soap and
water, or tobacco, dry him well with a dry cloth
directly afterwards when dry, rub the following
mixture well on every part:

Oil of turpentine, - - one ounce;

Sublimed sulphur, - - one ounce;

Train oil, .... four ounces:

Mix these three ingredients well together, and the
mixture is ready for use: it should also be well
stirred up when used.

If the disease becomes obstinate, or the skin ap-
pears of a bright red colour, the following may be
given, morning and evening, for a few days, which
will expedite the cure: the quantity for one dose is —

^Ethiop's mineral - - twenty grains;
Levigated antimony, - twenty grains.

If the dog be but slightly effected, the following
mild ointment (which is very useful in the Surfeit)
will be found efficacious:

Oil of vitriol, - - - half an ounce;
Hogs' lard, - - - - half a pound :

Mix the two well together, and anoint the dog every
day, three or four times, if necessary.

HYDROPHOBIA, OR MADNESS.

THIS dreadful disease is, fortunately, of rare occur-
rence, unless communicated by the bite of another
dog; indeed, some writers have gone so far as to
deny the possibility of its spontaneous existence: be

38 DOGS.

this as it may, the animal is subject to it, however
induced; and rarely indeed does it survive its fatal
attack.

Symptoms. — The dog, in the commencement of
this disease, loses his sportiveness, and seems labour-
ing under an evident discomfort and unsettledness of
purpose and great irritibility; and though he may
still obey his master,s call, he seems to do it unwil-
lingly, and without the usual fawning or desire to
please. If a dog or a cat come in its way, it will
snap at it, and bite it; and if provoked by a stick or
any other thing, it will eagerly seize and shake it
with great violence. It loses its appetite, and if
food be offered it, it will either refuse it, or eat a
little, but with evident reluctance; it will, however,
gnaw any thing within reach, as straw, wood, or any
pieces of rubbish; and its appetite is sometimes
so depraved, that it will devour its own excrements,
or any trash it may meet with. The thirst induced
by the fever, causes it to often lap water, though
sometimes he cannot swallow it, from a painful con-
vulsive motion of the muscles of the throat, and
then he refuses it altogether. He is often sick at the
stomach, and his bowels are generally very confined
throughout the disease.

In a day or two after the first appearance of the
disease, the symptoms increase, and the dog often
becomes fierce and furious. — Now, unless chained up,
(which he should be, the moment the symptoms
appear) his restlessness increases, he leaves home,
and runs along, biting any and every thing he meets
with, but rarely turns out of his way to do so. His
ears are lowering, and tail drawn inward between his
legs; and the tongue hangs out, covered with saliva.

DOGS. 39

Sometimes he draws himself up, as though pained
in the bowels. He does not bark, but makes a pecu-
liar sort of howl. When the disease draws toward
a fatal termination, the system becomes exhausted
by excitertient, the dog's legs fail to support him, and
he dies about the fourth to the sixth day, from an
accumulation of evils.

This dreadful disease being so easily commu-
nicated, and so fatal in its effects, it becomes a
paramount duty to prevent the possibility of its
spreading. The moment you have reason to suspect
its existence, you ought to tie up the animal, and as
soon as your fears are borne out by the actual ap-
pearance of the disease, hesitate not a moment to
destroy the dog: the plea that the animal is a prized
or valuable one, is but poor set off to the serious and
fatal consequences that may and most likely will
ensue, if the rabid animal happen to bite any other
of its own or any other species, to say nothing of the
probability of any human being becoming bitten by
it. — To talk of a remedy, is all but hopeless: rarely
indeed is a cure effected, after the disease has exhi-
bited itself; and the serious responsibility incurred
by the dangers likely to ensue, is so great, that no
consideration ought to weigh against the immediate
destruction of the dog: it is a mercy to the animal
itself to save it from the horrible death which is the
enevitable result of this fatal disease.

The moment any one is bitten by a dog in a
rabid state, immediate steps should be taken to do
all that art can do to avert the dreadful consequences
that otherwise must ensue. The best way, perhaps,
is to wash the wound immediately, and have the
parts burnt out with a hot iron, or cut out. But

40 DOGS.

the safest way is to call in a skillful surgeon, one
that will act with promptness and decision.

Elaine, in treating of this disease, notices with
much commendation the fallowing remedial pre-
paration, commonly called Webb's drink, or, the
famous Herefordshire cure: — "Take the fresh leaves
of the tree box, two ounces; of the fresh leaves of
rue, two ounces; of sage, half an ounce; chop these
finely, and after boiling them in a pint of water to
half a pint, strain and press out the liquor; beat
them in a mortar, or otherwise bruise them tho-
roughly, and boil them again in a pint of new milk,
until the quantity decreases to half a pint, which
press out as before. After this, mix both the boiled
liquors, which will make three doses for a human
subject. Double this quantity will form three doses
for a horse or cow; two thirds of it is sufficient for a
large dog, calf, sheep, or hog; half the quantity
is required for a middle sized dog; and one-third for
a smaller one. These three doses are said to be
sufficient; and one of them is directed to be given
every morning fasting."

Mr Murray, lecturer on chemistry, mentions, in a
letter to a newspaper, the following remedy: — "Let
a mixture of two parts of nitric and one part of
muriaric acid, both by measure (evolving chlorine in
a concentrated form), be applied to the wound as
soon as possible, and more than once."

PITS.

These visitations, to which young dogs are par-
ticularly subject, are sometimes mistaken for hydro-
phobia, to which however, they are essentially
different, as being usually sudden in their attack,

DOGS.

41

without those progressive appearances which gene-
rally precede and indicate the rabid state. They arise
from various causes, to which the remedial treatment
to be pursued must have reference, or the result will
not be so beneficial as it would otherwise be. The
following are the most prominent

Symptoms. — The dog suddenly stands, as if
frightened, and in a few moments springs up two or
three feet high, falling again as if shot; his tail,
limbs, or some parts of the body, are much con-
vulsed: frequently, he froths at the mouth and grinds
his teeth; and sometimes his eyes are turned up, and
his face distorted: his breathing is generally hurried,
and he often pants excessively, and his bowels are
evidently constipated, or, in other words, confined.

Some dogs, when taken, have a violent heaving of
the chest, and appear almost suffocated; they then
suddenly dart forward, and fall prostrate on the
ground, exhibiting the convulsive motions of the
limbs, and frothing at the mouth; the dog being, in
other respects, in a great measure insensible.

Causes. — Fits often accompany an attack of the
Distemper; in which case they are considered as an
unfavourable symptom, particularly if accompanied
by a wasting of the body. Worms in the intestines,
by the irritation they occasion, often induce fits. —
Costiveness, or a foul state of the bowels, is another
means of producing fits; they also arise from the
irritation which accompanies teething. When they
arise from rearing too many puppies from one
mother, they usually prove fatal.

Remedy. — While the fits are on, sprinkle the face
E 3

42 DOGS.

of the dog with cold water; and as soon as they have
abated, give him the following:

Colomel, four or six grains, (according to

the size of the dog;
Jalap, in powder, - - two scruples.

Form these into a ball with syrup or conserve of
hips, and give it, covered with thin paper, to the dog.
If the fits return, after the ball has operated, give
the following once or twice in the course of the day,
and repeat it the next day, if necessary.

Assafoetida, - - - fifteen grains,
Valerian - one scruple

To be formed into a ball, and given as the former
ball.

If fits arise from Worms in the intestines of the
doe;, the symptoms will then be accompanied with
frequent twitchings of his belly; his coat will have a
staring appearance; and his excrements be of a
slimy nature; now and then, perhaps, he may void
worms at the mouth, or the anus. — In this case, the
following should be given, to cause him to purge
and vomit;

Turbith mineral ... four to six grains;
Worm seed in powder, - two scruples,

made up into a ball with conserve of hips.

Next morning, administer the following, also made
up into a ball with conserve of hips, or honey:

Barbadoes aloes, » one dram;

Worm seed, in powder, - two scruples;
Oil of savin, - - - - . four drops,

If the whelp be very young, only half the above,
should be given.

DOGS. 43

TICKS.

CLEANLINESS is the best and only preventive to these
troublesome vermin, and the dogs most infested with
them, are those which are most neglected. — They
may be got rid of by the following wash, but it is
only by great attention to cleanliness that their
reproduction can be prevented, or kept in check:

WASH, Water, - - two pints;
Spirits of wine, one ounce;
Sublimate - one dram and a half;

The sublimate should be dissolved in the spirits of
wine, and the water then added. — In using it, morn-
ing and evening, the hair of the dog should be well
parted, that it may penetrate to the skin.

ASTHMA IN DOGS.

THIS disease, in dogs, is very similar to that
which attacks the human being, and is usually
caused by an accumulation of fat about the heart,
the consequence of over feeding, or by a frequent
distension of the stomach by food, so that its capa-
city increases, and a morbid or depraved appetite is
the result.

Symptoms. — Difficulty of breathing, exhibited in
a shortness of breath, and short husky cough; the
stomach is unduly distended and a bulkiness of body
thereby engendered, distressing to the free move-
ments of the animal.

Remedy. — As this disease originates from reple-
tion, so abstinence, judiciously regulated, is the best
and indeed the only cure; its food should be lessened
in quantity, and be more pure and easily digested

44 DOGS.

than the dainties upon which it has hitherto been
fed; as well-boiled horse-flesh, or other animal food
that has hung a sufficient time to become tender:
oatmeal gruel made with milk, is also excellent in
asthmatic cases: occasionally give the following
opening pills.

DIARRHOEA, OR LOOSENESS,

USUALLY the consequence of improper feeding, or
secretion of acrid bile, — is readily cured by tying up
the dog for a day or two without food. A small
dose, or two, of Epsom salts, dissolved in gruel, may
be administered; and if severe griping pains be ob-
served, fifteen to twenty drops of tincture of opium
may be added thereto.

INJURIES OF THE MOUTH FROM BONES.

WHEN a bone sticks in a dog's mouth, it often pro-
duces an apparent effort to vomit, and the dog will
be seen making ineffectual attempts with his paw to
remove it. — The readiest way to remove it is with
the fingers, or by a pair of forceps. If the jaw-bone
is thus injured, it should be scraped with a small
knife, and a little tincture of myrrh or a solution of
alum applied by means of lint wrapped round the
end of a skewer.

DISEASES OF THE EYE.

THE eyes of dogs are subject to inflammatory at-
tacks, induced in most cases by violent exertion, by
exposure to wind, or by eating too much animal
food : if from the latter cause, the cure will be much
more difficult them if from either of the preceding.

DOGS. 45

Remedy. — Keep the dog on a good but spare
diet; milk and bread is excellent in this case. — Give
him a purgative of jalap and calomel. Make a wash
of a weak solution of sugar of lead, or sulphate of
zyic, and use it as eye-water.

Dogs in more advanced life often have blear-eyes :
to cure this, use a little vinous tincture of opium,
or weak brandy and water; either is a good wash for
eyes so effected. Or, you may use, as a very good
wash, one dram of white vitriol dissolved in ten or
twelve ounces of water, that is, between half a pint
and three quarters, the pint of water weighing six-
teen ounces.

AIR AND EXERCISE.

ACTING upon the old maxim, that "prevention is
better than cure," we will recommend all persons
who keep dogs, to observe the following rules, and
they will soon find their advantage in the health and
good condition of the animals.

Allow your dog to take good exercise.

Keep his house or kennel very clean and well
ventilated, and change his bed often.

Give him a proper proportion of animal and vege-
table food.

Give a little opening medicine whenever costive,
and also at spring and autumn, and whenever
his digestive faculties seem out of order.

Above all, keep the dog himself clean, and teach
him habits of cleanliness, for

CLEANLINESS is the surest preserver of HEALTH.

46

DOGS.

FANCY AND LAP DOGS.

OF late years, great attention has been paid to the
breeding of Fancy Spaniels and pet or Lap-dogs: "of
these the most prized are sold at very high prices;
and certainly they are pretty and engaging animals,
well suited to the purposes for which they are bred
and trained, — The smallest breeds are the most
prized, provided the animal is perfect in the several
peculiarities which constitute a well-bred dog. Of
these the most modern varieties are the BLENHEIM
SPANIEL, and the ono known as KING CHARLES'S
DOG.

King Charles's Do%.

KING CHARLES'S DOG. This pleasing, playful
little favourite derives it name from the fact that the
"Merry monarch/' as King Charles the Second was
usually called, was always accompaned in his rural
rambles, particularly in the royal parks, by a number

DOGS. 47

of small and favourite spaniels of this particular
breed: but although the King Charles's Dog of the
present day inherits the same name, it has little else
in common with its namesake of the seventeenth
century: modern breeders have, by selecting the
most perfect of the particular kinds, to breed from,
much improved the race; and the King Charles's
Dog of the present period is a much superior ani-
mal to that of a former day; its long silky hair,
which hangs very full on its legs and tail, looks
peculiarly rich, and reaches almost to the ground;
its nose is short and snubbed, and the upper part
much indented; a mark or spot of tan is placed just
above each eye-brow; and the patches or marks of
black should be equally disposed on each side of the
back, or along its coat, blended with white and tan
in regular and symmetrical manner. — Any want of
these points or marks render the dog comparatively
valueless.

King Charles's Dog is most usually prized as a
pet or lap dog, and its training should have refer-
ence to the qualifications most useful in a dog that
is intended for a lady's pet. Of the manner of
accomplishing this, we shall advert to in a subse-
quent page.

One hint we would here give, in reference to all
kind of lap dogs, — they are too often overfed, and
experience all the mischiefs arising from repletion,
want of exercise, and obstructed digestion; this
should be avoided; they may live well, but should
not be stuffed so that they cannot move about; this
is not kindness, it is actual cruelty, and should on
no account be suffered.

48 DOGS.

The Blenheim Spaniel.

THE BLENHEIM SPANIEL. — This pretty unique
little dog is, like King Charles's dog, most prized as
a lady's or drawing-room companion, and is charac-
terized by similar peculiarities, having similar long
silky hair, long pendant ears, and flattened short
nose. — It divides the attention of fancy breeders
equally with the former dog, and is by some consi-
dered equal if not superior to that pet animal.

OBSERVATIONS

ON THE BREEDING AND TREATMENT OF FANCY
AND OTHER DOGS.

To obtain a pure breed of any kind of fancy dog,
select a dog and bitch quite free from any physical
defect, and perfect in their shape and marks: this is
the iirst and most important consideration with all
breeders, and will go far to ensure goodness in the
progeny, but not equally so as to colour, for that in
dogs, as with all domestic animals, is liable to

DOGS. 49

change and variety, though perhaps less so in the
dog than in any other tame animal.

The proper care having been taken to prevent the
breed of ths dog from contamination, by selection of
parents and also by preventing the bitch admitting
any other partner than the one selected, the next
care will be in the rearing of the progeny.

A few hours after the bitch has littered, examine
the whelps carefully, and if any of them be faulty,
destroy them at once, unless you choose to preserve
them for any particular purpose. Give the bitch
a little whey and barley-bread, or a little goat's milk
in which bones have been boiled, or rather slowly
simmered, and this will not only increase the milk of
the bitch, but also assist and nourish the whelps.
Do not, on any account, distress the mother by rear-
ing too many whelps; they should suck at least two
months before they are weaned; and then have
bread-and-milk food, with, occasionally, a few bones
to gnaw at, and now and then a few pieces of boiled
meat, or a little tripe cut in pieces: do not feed
them too often; twice a day, at first; and when they
grow up, once a day, will be amply sufficient: and
let them always have access to a pan or dish of water
or milk.

Now and then, if the whelps exhibit a tendency to
fits, or refuse their food, lose flesh, or appear dull,
give them, each, about two table-spoonsful of syrup
of buckthorn, or a similar quantity of castor oil; or
if preferred, a purgative made up in the shape of a
ball, and prepared as follows :

Jalap, - - one and a half scruple,

Calomel - four grains,
made up as a ball with conserve of hips.
F

50 DOGS.

Should inflammatory symptoms appear, indicated
by the whelp appearing as if distressed, with its
head raised and panting for breath, or constantly
vomiting, or attempting to do so, it will be advisable
to take a little blood from the neck vein or by cutting
off the tip of the tail, and afterwards to administer
the purging ball: this, and a spare feeding with
bread and milk for a day or two, will usually effect
a cure.

TRAINING. — The training a dog should commence
with the period at which it begins to run about, and
have reference especially to the future prospects of
the dog. — Whether it be intended for a house, pet,
or. lap-dog, or to whatever other purpose, its train-
ing should be conducted accordingly. The first
lesson a dog should be, obedience; to come and go,
lie down, or be silent, at the word of command:
habits of cleanliness should also be simultaneously
inculcated, and all petulent or capricious movements
checked as they appear. — Any pleasing habits can
now be easily taught, for dogs, of all animals, are
most readily susceptible of education, and may be
taught to do almost any thing.

To ensure health in dogs, enforce on all occasions
habits of cleanliness, and carry out the same habit
yourself by washing each of your whelps or dogs at
least once in each week: this will keep those tormen-
ting vermin, the ticks, or fleas, in check, and will,
with the aid of a little occasional opening medicine,
preserve and ensure that greatest of all blessings —
freedom from disease.

USEFUL PUBLICATIONS,

PUBLISHED BY

DEAN AND Co., TH RE ADNEEDLE- ST REET.

AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.

THE FOOTMAN'S GUIDE and MAN SERVANTS' ADVISER;
containing1, plain instructions for the proper performance of every
kind of work, and every duty pertaining to the Male-Servant, from
his first going out to service until he becomes a complete Foot-
man and Butler; with directions for the arrangement and man-
ner of setting. out tables and sideboards in a tasteful and fash-
ionable style; directions for waiting at table, and superintending
large and small parties; to clean and preserve plate, glass, fur-
niture, clothes, &c. Hints relative to delivering cards, messages,
&c. BY J. WILLIAMS. 3s. 6d. in cloth.

THE MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY; adapted for the use
of Families in the middle and genteel ranks of Life: with
directions for the choice, preservation, and most approved me-
thods of cooking every kind of butchers' meat, fish, game,
poultry, &c. ; instructions for making soups, gravies, pastry,
English wines; baking, preserving, pickling, &c. : the proper ma-
nagement of the dairy, poultry, and bees. An Essay on Domestic
Economy. With instructions to servants, for the best methods
of performing their various employments. BY ELIZABETH HAM-
MOND Price 4s. With engravings, representing the methods for
setting out a table, trussing, and carving.

THE PASTRY COOK'S and CONFECTIONER'S ASSISTANT:
Containing the most approved and choice Receipts for making all
manner of Pastry, Patties, Tarts, Pies, Puddings, and Jellies,
Blanc-mange, and Creams. Directions for making Bride Cakes,
Savoy, Sponge, Almond, Ratafia, and Rout Cakes, Macaroons,
Rock, and other Biscuits; Buns, Bath Buns, and Tea Cakes : the
Best methods of Preserving Fruit: the Art of Sugar-boiling,
making Lozenges, Drops, Pipe, Barley-Sugar, Twist, Carraway
Comfits, &,c. as practised in the principal Establishments in Lon-
don.— By GKORE READ, Confectioner and Pastry-Cook.

COOKERY MADE EASY; or, plain and practical directions
for properly cooking and serving-up all sorts of provisions,
from a single joint of meat with vegetables, to the most exqui-
sitely-seasoned dishes of Poultry, Fish, and Game 5 every neces-
sary direction being clearly described in the most exact manner;
with the proper methods of making plain and rich gravies,
sauces, soups, &c.; directions for making and baking Pies,
Puddings, Tarts, Custards, &c. written from real practice, and
combining gentility with economy. By a lady. is. 6d. in cloth.
Third Edition, enlarged and improved.

THE FLOWER-GROWER'S INSTRUCTOR; or, the Temple of
Flora. Comprising, the rudiments of botany, and plain instruc-
tions for the cultivation of flowering shrubs, decidious and
herbaceous roots, Florists' and other Flowers, &c. Directions for
the management of the greenhouse, pits, frames, &c., and much
other valuable information. By JOHN GREIG. With six plates,
four of them elegantly coloured. Is. 6d.

FASHIONABLE LETTER WRITER; or, Art of Polite Corre-
spondence : consisting of original modern letters on every occur-
rence in life, and adapted to both sexes ; with complimentary
cards, petitions, forms of wills, bonds, &c. — The rise and pro-
gress of writing; directions for letter -writing; and tne mode of
addressing persons of every rank in life. By R. TURXER, B. D.—
A new edition, revised by W. LIMMING, of Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge. Extra boards, with two fine plates, 2s. 6d.

NEW LONDON LETTER WRITER, containing approved Let-
ters on every subject and situation in Life; with complimentary
Cards, &c. Is. sewed.

THE BRITISH " AVIARY, AND BIRD KEEPER'S COM-
PANION; containing copious directions for rearing Canaries:
also Goldfinch and Linnet Mules ; the best method of feeding
birds in general, as well as practical remedies for the cure of
those disorders to which they are liable ; the German method
of learning birds to sing select tunes, &c. Eighteen plates.
Embossed cloth. 2s. 6d.

THE BIRD-FANCIER'S GUIDE AND COMPANION, contain-
ing plain directions for breeding and keeping canaries, goldfinch
and linnet mules, and other birds in general; with a frontispiece ;
sewed, is.

THE RABBIT KEEPER'S GUIDE: Containing plain and easy
directions for successfully pursuing this employment; also,
instructions for making rabbit houses and hutches, and for breed-
ing and rearing fancy Rabbits-, and a variety of original and
useful information. With neat engravings of several varieties of
Rabbits, Hutches, &c. By J. ROGERS, Rabbit and Pigeon- keeper,
is. in cloth; or 6d. sewed.

THE PIGEON-KEEPER'S GUIDE; comprising, the Natural
History of Pigeons, with their species and varieties ; the valuable
sorts of Fancy Pigeons, their habits and properties; directions for
breeding, feeding, and management; methods of treating their
diseases, construction of dove cotes and pigeon-houses. By. J.
Rogers. Neat engravings; embossed cloth, Is. — sewed, 6d.

THE DOG-FANCIER'S GUIDE; containing instructions for
the management of all kinds of Fancy and other Dogs; including
the varieties of Field, Sporting, Water, House, and Yard Dogs;
with engravings of the different kinds. Cloth, is.— Sewed, 6d.

POULTRY-KEEPER'S GUIDE; showing the most approved
methods of breeding, rearing, and feeding all kinds of Poultry;
the nature, habits, and uses, of the several varieties of Domestic
Fowl; best methods of preventing and curing the diseases to
which they are liable, &c. By J. M. Moffatt. Neat engravings,
embossed cloth, Is. — Sewed, 6d.

READING LESSONS, FOR HOME AND DAY SCHOOLS; a

series of progressive reading lessons, written in a familiar style,
suited for a reading and class book for young children. By a
Lady. — With numerous engravings, 6d. sewed.

POETRY LESSONS, FOR HOME AND DAY SCHOOLS;

selected from various authors, and adapted to Children of different
ages. By a Lady. With a neat frontispiece, 6d. sewed.

THE LAND-SURVEYOR's READY RECKONER: or Gentle
man and Farmer's Guide to Land Measure ; showing, at one view,
the contents of any piece of Land, from the eighteenth part of an
Acre, to any number of Acres. By S. THURLOW. With expla-
natory frontispiece. 2s. bound.

COMPLETE CABINET MAKER, and Upholsterer's Guide,
comprising the Principles of Cabinet-Making and Upholstery, with
familiar instructions, illustrated by examples, for attaining a
proficiency in the art of Drawing, as applicable to Cabinet work:
the processes of Veneering, Inlaying, and Buhl -work; the art of
dying and staining woods, ivory, bone, tortoiseshell, &c. directions
for lackering, japanning, varnishing; to make French polish,
glues, cements, and compositions; and a number of useful Re-
ceipts, by J. STOKES. 3s. 6d. in cloth.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE LAWS RESPECTING LANDLORDS,
TENANTS, AND LODGERS; containing every necessary infor-
mation respecting letting or taking houses; of taking, erecting,
selling, or removing fixtures; payment and recovery of rent;
notices to quit: the LAWS as they relate to LODGINGS; and
the new Ejectment Act. By JAMES BISHOP, is. Cloth lettered,
or 6d. sewed.

MODERN GARDENER, being plain directions for forming,
planting, and managing the Kitchen -garden, the Flower and Plea-
sure garden, Fruit-garden, Hot-bed, Forcing-frame, and Green-
house, according to the most improved modes now practised;
with directions as to the proper soils, the time for and the methods
of manuring, sowing, planting, training, pruning, grafting, and
every necessary particular. With Introductory Observations, in
which the nature and progress of vegetation are briefly explained.
By T. PRICE, Nurseryman and Market-gardener. Fine plate,
is. 6d. sewed.

THE FAMILY RECEIPT BOOK; and New School of Arts:
Containing directions for purifying water, — to destroy vermin, —
to make cheap and wholesome drinks, — to preserve butter, eggs,
milk, &c.— to cure all kinds of meat,— to make cements,— direc-
tions for house- painting, — and making the cheap impenetrable
paints for boarding and outside rough work ; the manures
most easily made, and most beneficial to land, — and many other
useful receipts, is. sewed.

CRICKETER'S GUIDE; containing complete instructions to
persons of all ages, for playing at this healthful and manly exer-
cise.— Also, rules for playing with three or five players, as well as
with a complete field. — With the Laws of the Game. By a member
of the Mary-le-bone Club. Cloth, gilt edges, Is.; or 6d. sewed.

THE BISCUIT BAKER, GINGERBREAD BAKER, and PASTRY-
COOK'S ASSISTANT. Containing, upwards of 100 genuine Receipts
for making all kinds of biscuits, pastry, or gingerbread; adapted
for routs, balls, tea, wine, suppers, &c. By T. SHOESMITH,
Biscuit Baker and Pastry-Cook, is. sewed.

CATTLE KEEPER'S ASSISTANT; or, Farmer and Dairyman's
Adviser in the choice and management of Neat Cattle, Sheep,
and Swine: containing instructions fop-the choice of Stock; the
choice and management of Milch Cows: approved methods of
Feeding: the causes and symptoms of their Diseases, and best
methods of cure. — By JAMES BISHOP. Neat frontispiece, Is.
sewed.

14 DAY USE

RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED |

LOAN DEPT.

This book is due on the last date stamped below, or

on the date to which renewed.
Renewed books are subipf>f ff> immpHiat-p recall.

JOE

ML

LD 21A-45m-9,'67
(H5067slO)476B

General Library

University of California

Berkeley