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ROUS PHOTOGRAPHS —

UME

various incidents and items in connection with this interesting

‘ie he’

Neh AB Ys - which has been the life work of the Author. 3

Sona ES
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Qe M: WA 2c F

EGG COLLECTING AND BIRD LIFE

IO SABRE

CATALOGUE AND DATA

OF THE

“ JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,”

ILLUSTRATED WITH
NUMEROUS PHOTOGRAPHS

Depicting various incidents and items in connection with this interesting study

which has been the life work of the Author.

LOGO.

SYDNEY.
F, W. WHITE, PRINTER, 344
1907

> ae |
TAO) E14U04
HAD BIAS

eal

THE KOALA OR AUSTRALIAN NATIVE BEAR,
Phascolarctos cinereus, Fischer.

HIS very interesting and fast disappearing animal was frequently met with up to the end of 1893,
Jf and in those days was quite a familiar object in the Eucalyptus trees, coming into frequent contact
with the practical oologist during his outings. On account of its constant association with lovers of bird
lore in Australia, I have deemed it a fitting tribute to place its portrait as the introductory illustration to
this volume.

It is represented at about one-sixth of its natural size, and was photographed from life by the

Author.
(See letterpress on page 155.)

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

1 eed ood ab sive Gall aby

alee Collection which is described in this Volume, is the result of twenty-four years

continuous work, as | commenced it in the year 1883; and a clutch taken in that year
(Data No. 216) may be considered as the nucleus of the enterprise. In the early days of the
collecting, I had little idea of the magnitude it would eventually assume, but, looking back over
the years, a fund of pleasant memories and fascinating experiences more than counterbalances
the endless patience and perseverance, the many disappointments, and the solid hard work
which were necessary to bring it to its present condition.

Out of the 766 different kinds of birds known in Australia, the eggs of 526 species are in
the collection, and totals rg14 specimens, almost all represented by full and neatly side-blown
clutches, and all purely Australian witb the exception of four species, viz., the King and Royal
Penguins, Black-backed Gull, and Bennett's Cassowary.

There are clutches of 27 different kinds of Hawks, Falcons, Goshawks, and Eagles of the
28 known species in Australia; also, 28 of Parrots, 7 of Cockatoos, 3 of the Rifle Bird of
Paradise, 3 of Lyre Birds, 21 of Pigeons, 10 of Cuckoos, 9 of Kingfishers, 48 of Honey Eaters,
6 of Bower Birds, 6 of Cuckoo Shrikes, 3 of Caterpillar Catchers or Campephagas, 18 of Fly-
catchers and Fantails, 14 of Robins, 8 of Wood Swallows, 4 of Nightjars, 10 of Thrushes, 12
of Quail, and also those of hundreds of other species, all of which will be found in the index at
the back of this volume.

I have been fortunate all through in making friends whose assistance and kindly interest
have lightened my task considerably, and no description of the collection would be complete
without due acknowledgment being accorded to several of them.

First and foremost, my late and much respected friend, Mr. Wittiam McENerny, whose
name appears constantly in these pages, was of frequent service to me, and he assisted at the
taking of some of the rarest eggs that now grace the cabinet. He was with me during my four

months’ camp in the Richmond River scrubs of season 1899-1900, and we took together the
first recorded clutch of the Rifle Bird of Paradise (Ptilorhis paradisea.) See Data No. 557.

My brother Frank also greatly contributed to the building up of the collection, and his
expert and utterly fearless climbing was of the greatest assistance. Some of the illustrations in
the text give an idea of the dangerous work that was a matter of almost every day occurrence,
and I cannot express my gratitude too warmly towards the brother whose cool head, steady
hand and eye, were responsible for so many valuable clutches of the Hawks’ and Eagles’ eggs.

A word is also due to Messrs. L. Vesper, J. McEnerny, A. Amos and A. P. and A. Boon,
who always gave a willing hand during my collecting trips in the Clarence River district, where
the foundation of the collection was laid.

Although a large proportion of the species in the cabinet was taken by myself, it would, of
course, have been impossible to obtain a representative collection of Australian birds’ eggs
single-handed, and I am indebted to correspondents in all parts of Australia for eggs peculiar to
their respective localities.

JUL 2 9 1949

vi. PREFACE.

From North Queensland and the Gulf of Carpentaria Messrs. C. Woop.tanps and E, Drew
forwarded a number of rare and interesting specimens, while Mr. L. Dumas in North-west, and
Mr. S. Hace in South-west Australia, filled my Western Australian wants.

Eggs from the southern and central portions of the continent reached me from Messrs.
A, J. CAMPBELL, G. A. KEARTLAND, D. LE Souer, T. A. BritrLesank, and other well-known
collectors, while Mr. M. W. Harrison was largely instrumental in supplying my Tasmanian
desiderata.

As regards my own work, I may say that it has always been a labour of love, and I can
linger over every detail of it, from the primitive methods of 1883 to the elaborate apparatus of
the later years, with affectionate remembrance. The work was dangerous, yet in all my experi-
ence there is only one accident to recall, and that to myself. In the season of 188g I fell from
a tree at Toowoomba, Queensland, and sustained a compound fracture to my right shoulder.

From 1883 to 1889 our climbing was done without any adventitious aids, and we simply
“scrambled ” our trees, but in the latter year we took to ropes, poles and climbing spurs (see
page 161), while from 1891 up to 1895 my brother did much climbing after the manner of the
aborigines, by chopping steps into the tree with a tomahawk, and holding on by a strong green
vine placed around the trunk (see pages 28, 126). Wealso used a strong rope fitted with a
boatswain’s chair, by means of which the climber was slowly and laboriously hauled to the
desired spot. This method was not altogether satisfactory, apart from the hard work it entailed,
as the rope frequently cut into the soft bark of the branch over which it was running, and
jammed fast—an awkward predicament for the unfortunate left suspended in mid-air. (See

page 43).
From 1895 onward use was made of a ladder specially designed by myself, which was over

one hundred feet long, and proved of the utmost value tous; with it we could tackle and conquer
the tallest giant of the forest.

As mentioned before, my brother, Mr. Frank T. A. Jackson, did most of the climbing on
the ladder, which was made in two sections, to be coupled together by hooks when the full
length was required. This ladder was made of Manilla rope, rove through holes made at the
ends of strong cedar rungs, the latter resting on knots or Turks’ heads worked into the rope.
(See pages 7, 11, 15, 45,47). The means adopted for placing the ladder in position were, in
theory, very simple, though in practice complications often arose. A fine line, weighted with
an ounce of lead, was fired from a catapult over a limb to the required height, and on recovery
of the loaded end it was attached to a stronger line, and then to a rope one inch thick, which
was hauled over the limb to the ground. The ladder was then attached and drawn up into
position, the end of the hauling or guy line being made secure to a heavy log or tree butt.

The limb from which the ladder was suspended was always thoroughly tested by four
times the weight of the man it had to carry, in order to ensure safety to the climber.

The ladder rolled up and fitted into a waterproof bag which, with the camera and other
paraphernalia, was strapped upon a stage behind a vehicle, which we had specially built for
nesting purposes. (See page 85.)

Each set of eggs in the collection has been carefully numbered and ticketed, and corres-
ponds with the numbers given in the following pages. All doubtful eggs have been discarded,
and the fullest possible data has been set forth in connection with each clutch of eggs. Those
taken by myself, or under my personal supervision, are in many cases very fully treated, and
especially those that were worthy of minute description, for I kept careful note books with
abundant details. In the first part of the volume the descriptions are in some instances rather

PREFACE, vil.

brief, and to go into particulars with each species would, of course, necessitate a two volume
work. Thespecimens received from other collectors in exchange are, in many cases, accompanied
by only meagre data, a fact which, however, does not mar their authenticity.

During my rambles through the scrubs and forests of the Bellenger, Clarence, and Richmond
River districts of New South Wales, I always carried a camera with me when practicable, and
succeeded in supplementing my oological trophies with many unique and interesting photo-
graphs, a large selection of which appears in the present volume. The camera proved invaluable
for recording the natural situations of those nests, which were too bulky to collect i toto, and
in this way a mass of interesting information was made available which would otherwise have
been lost.

The collection has now passed from my hands, having been purchased by another bird
lover, viz., Henry L. Wuire, Esq., of Belltrees, near Scone, New South Wales, but, though
I can no longer pore over the treasures it contains, pleasant recollections of the building will
always be with me, and the thought of it will bring back happy memories of many golden days
and sparkling nights in the open.

S.W.]J.
Chatswood,
Sydney,

12th November, 1907.

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THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Dra wer A. (Top Drawer on left side of Cabinet.)

YELLOW-TIPPED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus affinis, Gould.

Clutch of 5 eggs, taken in J. Morris's paddock by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, from the hollow limb
of a Red Eucalypt (Zucalyptus rostrata), near South Grafton, Clarence River, New South Wales, on
7th October, 1894. Nest was placed 45 feet above the ground, and took a great deal of chopping before
the eggs were discovered. An average specimen of the set measures in inches = 0°75 x 0°55.

FORTY-SPOTTED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus quadragintus, Gould.
Clutch of 4 eggs, taken in the cliffs at Berriedale, Glenorchy, Tasmania, by M. W. Harrison, on
24th October, 1896. An average specimen of the set measures in inches = 0°77 x 0°58.

BLACK-HEADED
PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus melanocephalus,
Gould.
Clutch of 4 eggs, taken
by Sid. W. Jackson, at Clar-
enza, South Grafton, Clar-
ence River, N. S. Wales,
on 17th August, 1897. Nest
was built in the earth at-
tached to the roots of a
fallen Spotted Eucalypt
(Bucalyptus maculata.)
Photo. of this nest is also
in A. J. Campbell’s book,
page 448. Specimen A.

;
&
a
a

‘1

of the set measures ininches

= 0°74 X 0°52.

SPOTTED
PARDALOTE,

Pardalotus punctatus, Shaw.

Clutch of 4 eggs, taken
by Frank and Sid. W. Jack-
son, in bank of small creek,
at the Wash Pen Gully,
South Grafton, Clarence

River, N.S.W., on 2oth
November, 1892. Speci- NEST OF THE BLACK-HEADED PARDALOTE,

men A. measures in inches Loc, Clarenza, Clarence River, N.S.W.

3 (Set of eggs, data No. 3, was taken from opening just below the white cross.)
SOO Orso.
RED-TIPPED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus ornatus, Temminck.
Set of 4 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at the South-west Arm Port Hacking, near Sydney, on 6th

September, 1903. Nest was placed at the extremity of a tunnel, made in a heap of decayed oyster shells

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

No, in

Rook.

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~
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186

194

185

190

187

189

193

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

(Ostreide), ina cave. This cavern was, no doubt, at one time used by the aborigines as a feeding
ground, and the many tons of decayed shells in it go to prove this, as after each feast or meal the
shells were left to accumulate. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°66 x 0°47.

YELLOW-RUMPED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus xanthopygius, McCoy.
Clutch of 4 eggs, taken near Murtoa, Victoria, on 4th October, 1896. It is thought that William
White, of the Reed Beds, South Australia, was the first person to recognise this pretty Pardalote as a
new species. Specimen A, measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°52.

RED-BROWED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus rubricatus, Gould.
Taken at Charters Towers, N. Queensland, by E. Groves, on 6th July, 1894. Nest was placed in
the bank of a creek. Specimen A., of the clutch of 4 eggs, measures in inches = 0°71 x o’55.

CHESTNUT-RUMPED PARDALOTE,
Pardalotus uropygialis, Gould.

Set of 4 eggs, taken from the bank of a creek in the Nicholson River district, Gulf of Carpentaria,
North West Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on 24th September, 1897. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 0°72 X 0°55.

TASMANIAN TIT,
Acanthiza dtemenensis, Gould.
Taken by M. W. Harrison, at Cascades, Tasmania, on oth October, 1899. Set of 4 eggs.

SCRUB TIT,
Acanthornis magna, Gould.
Taken by Arthur E. Brent, at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on 26th December, 1895. Set of 3 eggs.

BROWN TIT,
Acanthiza pusilla, White.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., on roth September, 1897.
Set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°63 x 0°49.

CHESTNUT-RUMPED TIT,
Acanthiza uropygtalts, Gould.
Taken by C. G. Gibson, at Burtville, West Australia, on 31st July, 1905. Set of 3 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 0°62 x 0°47.

BROAD-TAILED TIT,
Acanthiza apicalis, Gould.
Taken by J. W. Mellor, near Adelaide, South Australia, during October, 1891.

STRIATED TIT,
Acanthiza lineata, Gould.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 4th September, 1897.
Set of 3 eggs. Nest built in Prickly Fig Tree (Ficus stephanocarpa.)

BUFF-RUMPED TIT,
Acanthiza reguloides, V. and H.
Taken by J. Hill, at Kewell, Victoria, on 2nd September, 1894. Set of 3 eggs.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Roseville, Sydney, on r4th November, 1906. Set of 3 eggs.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Roseville, Sydney, on r2th November, 1906. Set of 4 eggs. The
nest was beautifully hidden in the hollow of a Forest Oak tree (Casuarina torulosa), and placed four

No, in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book, Eggs.

feet from the ground. The opening of the nest was very small, and I was obliged to use a tea-spoon
in order to remove the eggs from it. These birds build their nests in quite a variety of strange places,
and those most frequented are in loose bark hanging on the trunks of the Black-butt and other trees,
where they are completely hidden from observation.

18 192 4 YELLOW-RUMPED TIT,
Acanthiza chrysorrhoa, Q. and G..
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at O.B.X. Creek, Clarence River District, N.S.W., on 23rd September,
1893. Set of 4 eggs. Nest built in an Apple tree (Angophora subvelutina.)

19 188 3 RED-RUMPED TIT,
Acanthiza pyrrhopygia, Gould.
Taken by H. Lidgett at Myrniong, Victoria, on 17th October, 1903. Set of 3 eggs. Specimen
A. measures = 0°59 X 0°45.
20 183 53 LITTLE TIT.
Acanthiza nana, V. and H.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Little Murray River, near Don Dorrigo Scrubs, Upper Bellinger
River District, N.S.W., on 14th October, 1898. Set of 3 eggs.

= 399 8 CRE Sc Te ASTED FINCH.
Munia castaneothorax, Gould.

3 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., 1oth March, 1r900. Nest built
in long blady grass (Jperata avundinacea), on the south bank of the Clarence River. Set of 8 eggs.
These birds are very plentiful in the grass beds of the Clarence River district, and we have frequently
seen large flocks of them there. The nests were always built in long grass, and sometimes reeds, and
were large bottle-shaped structures, composed of dried grasses. They are familiarly known as “ Barley
Birds” in the district.

22 399 5 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at South Grafton, N.S.W., 17th November, 1898. Set of 5 eggs.

GOULDIAN GRASS FINCH (Black-headed phase),
Poephila mirabilis, H. and J.
Taken by C. Woodlands, near Burketown, North Queensland, 13th August, 1895. Set of 5 eggs.
Eggs were perfectly fresh when taken. Specimen A. measures = 0°65 x 0°46.

234 «4t0C'5§

GOULDIAN GRASS FINCH (Crimson-headed phase),
Poephila mirabilis, H. and J.
Taken by C. Woodlands, near Burketown, North Queensland, on 24th September, 1897. Set of
5 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°67 x 0°48.

24 410 5

LONG-TAILED GRASS FINCH,
Poephila acuticauda, Gould.

Taken west of Burketown, North Queensland, on 17th October, 1892. Set of 4 eggs.

a5 405 4

RED-BROWED FINCH,
-Egintha temporalis, Latham.

Taken at South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 1st October, 1898.
Set of 8 eggs.
6 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., 11th December, 1905. Set of

26 403 8

493
2 6 eggs.
; == NARROW-BILLED BRONZE CUCKOO,

Chalcococeyx basalis, Horsfield.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., 11th December, 1905. Found

in with the 6 Finch eggs. This Cuckoo’s egg measures = 0°68 x 0°47.

455 I

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

3°

35/5

No. in

Book.
398

393

406

396

409

397

392

402

142

Eggs.
6

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

RINGED FINCH,
Stictoptera annulosa, Gould.
Taken near Port Darwin, North Australia, by E. Drew, during October 1890. Set of 6 eggs,

FIRE-TAILED FINCH,
Zoneginthus bellus, Latham.
Taken by M. W. Harrison, near Hobart, Tasmania, 30th December, 1893. Set of 5 eggs.

BLACK-THROATED GRASS FINCH,
Poephila cincta, Gould.
Taken by H. Barnard, near Rockhampton, Queensland, roth November, 1899. Set of 6 eggs.

CHESTNUT-EARED FINCH,
Teniopygia castanotis, Gould.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Flat Rock, Middle Harbour, Sydney, on 22nd September, 1902.
Set of 5 eggs. Nest built in a Banksia tree (Banksia integrifolia.) Specimen A. measures = 0°62 x
0°42.
: BLACK-RUMPED GRASS FINCH,
Poephila atropygialis, Diggles.
Taken by C. Woodlands, near Burketown, North Queensland, 24th September, 1897. Set of 3 eggs.
These eggs are the smallest of all those of the Finch tribe, in fact they are the smallest laid by any of
our Australian birds. Specimen A. of this rare set measures in inches = 0°56 x o*4o.

BANDED FINCH,
Stictopera bichenovii, V. and H.
Taken by E. Groves, near Rockhhmpton, Queensland, 11th September, 1894. Set of 5 eggs.

SPOTTED-SIDED FINCH,
Staganopleura guttata, Shaw.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Clarenza, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 30th January,
1898. Nest was built in the sticks under the huge nest of the Whistling Eagle. Set of 5 eggs. These
beautiful birds, which are better known as “ Diamond Sparrows,” I have found plentiful in the
Clarence River District and other parts of New South Wales and Queensland, and during March of
this year (1907) I saw many on Segenhoe Flats and Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., where they
were on the ground feeding amongst the Roly-poly weed (Sa/so/a Kali.)

CRIMSON FINCH,
Neochmia phaeton, H. and J.
Taken by E. Drew near Normanton, Queensland, on 1st October, 1896. Set of 3 eggsand 1
Cuckoo’s egg.
CHESTNUT-BREASTED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis castaneiventris, Gould.
Taken by E. Drew, near Normanton, Queensland, on 1st October, 1896. Taken with Finch eggs.
It measures = 0'80 x o'60.
PLUM-HEAD FINCH,
Aidemosyne modesta, Gould.
Taken by C. A. Barnard, near Rockhampton, Queensland, on 20th October, 1897. Set of 3 eggs.

SILVERY-BLUE WREN,
Matlurus cyanochlamys, Sharpe.

Taken by T. Moore, at Toowoomba, Queensland, on 29th July, 1898. Set of 4 eggs.

TORQUOISE WREN,
Matlurus callainus, Gould.

Taken at Wallaroo, near Adelaide, South Australia, on rgth September, 1891. Set of 2 eggs.

No, in

A J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book, Eggs.

iy ae LAMBERT’S WREN,
|

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Malurus lamberti, V. and H.
Taken at Roseville, Sydney, by Sid. W. Jackson, on roth December, 1906. Set of 4 eggs.

| 452 fi SQUARE-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis variolosus, Horsfield.
Taken at Roseville, Sydney, by Sid. W. Jackson, on roth December, 1906. Taken with the
4 Wren’s eggs.
394 147 4 LAMBERT'’S WREN,
Matlurus lamberti, V. and H.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Roseville, near Sydney, on 27th October, 1905. Nest placed among
ferns near the ground. These handsome little birds I found rather plentiful in the bush between
North Sydney and Hornsby.
40 152 3 ORANGE-BACKED WREN,
Matlurus melanocephalus, V. and H.
Taken at Bald Hills, near Sandgate, Queensland, by Sid. W. Jackson, on 20th December, 1886.
Set of 3 eggs.

41 152 3 Taken near Rockhampton, Queensland, by C. A. Barnard, on 4th September, 1898. Set of 3 eggs.

42 152 3 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Nymboida, near Grafton, N.S.W., on 6th October, 1898. Set of
3 ges.

43 141 3 BLACK-BACKED WREN,

Malurus melanotus, Gould.
Taken by G. Thomas, near Dubbo, N.S.W., on September roth, 1902. Set of 3 eggs.

44 139 4 LONG-TAILED BLUE WREN,
Malurus gouldi, Sharpe.
Taken by M. W. Harrison, near Hobart, Tasmania, on gth November, 1893. Set of 4 eggs.

AQ haar) RED-BACKED WREN,
Malurus dorsalis, Lewin.
Taken by E. Drew, near Burketown, North Queensland, on ist January, 1897. Set of 2 eggs.
One egg is very finely spotted, while the other is a heavily blotched specimen.

46 144 3 WHITE-WINGED WREN,
Malurus leucopterus, Q. and G.
Taken by T. Brittlebank, at Benjeroop, Victoria, 8th November, 1896. Set of 3 eggs

47 146 5 RED-WINGED WREN.
Malurus elegans, Gould.
Taken at Broome, West Australia, by G. Dunstan, on 4th September, 1902. Set of 3 eggs.

a BANDED WREN
Malurus splendens, Q. and G.

Taken near Freemantle, West Australia, by G. Dunstan, on 22nd August, 1896. Set of 3 eggs.

BLUE WREN,
Malurus cyaneus, Ellis.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., on 21st November, 1905. Set
of 4 eggs.

ny 4

49
FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
451 I Cacomantis flabelliformis, Latham.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., on 21st November, 1905. Taken
with the 4 Wren’s eggs.

ies in THE -FACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

50 «137,—C—i«B BLUE WREN,
Malurus cyaneus, Ellis.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Booyong, Richmond River, N.S.W., on 27th October, 1899. Set
of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0'69 x o'50.

51 137 4 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson at South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 8th August, 1893. Set
of 4 eggs. Nest built in Sida retusa.

52 145 3 WHITE-BACKED WREN,
Malurus leuconotus, Gould.
Taken at York, North Western Australia, on gth November, 1904. Set of 3 eggs.

ek, ee EMU WREN,
Stipiturus malachurus, Shaw.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Flat Rock, Middle Harbour, Sydney, on 16th September, 1903.
Nest was most difficult to find, and was placed only twenty yards from a Bristle Bird’s nest. Set of

3 eggs. A. F. Bassett. Hull has taken two sets of the eggs near Manly, Sydney. Specimen A. measures
= 0°64 X 0°47.

Drawer B.

54 121

WHITE-BROWED ROBIN,
Pecilodryas superctliosa, Gould.
Taken on the Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, by C. Woodlands, on 1st November, 1898.
Set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°78 X o'6o.

55 117 .2 HOODED ROBIN,
Melanodryas bicolor, V. and H.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 21st October, 1894.
Nest built in Swamp Tea Tree (Me/al/euca). Set of 2 eggs.

56 117 I Taken near Wallangarra, N.S.W., by G. Covley, on 14th September, 1893. Set of 1 egg.

DUSKY ROBIN,
57 119 3 Amaurodryas vittata, Q. and G.
Taken by G. Chrisp, at Ringarooma, North Tasmania, on 18th October, 1900. Splendid set of
3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°84 x 0°64.

58 120 2 WHITE-BREASTED ROBIN,
Amaurodryas gularis, Q. and G,
Taken on the Blackwood River, West Australia, by S. Hall, on roth September, 1897. Set of 2
eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°83 x 0°67.

59 254 2 YELLOW-RUMPED SHRIKE ROBIN,
Eopsaltria chrysorrhous, Gould.
Taken at Booyong, near Lismore, Richmond River scrubs, N.S.W., on 4th November, 1899, by
Sid. W. Jackson. Nest built in Lawyer vines (Calamus australis.) Set of 2 eggs.

59A 254 2 Taken at Binna Burra, near Lismore, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 3rd December, 1899. Set
of 2 eggs.

ae: in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

oJ
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

60 253 2 YELLOW-BREASTED SHRIKE ROBIN,
Eopsaltria australis, Latham.
Taken near Wollongong, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 16th June, t905. Nest built ina large
Tree fern (Alsophila australis.) Set of 2 eggs.
61 253 3 Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, on September 16th, 1894, in Alipou scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W.
Nest built in a Giant Leaf Nettle tree (Utica gigas.) Set of 3 eggs.

62 124 2 LESSER LARGE-HEADED ROBIN,
ecilodryas nana, Ramsay.
Taken by E. Groves, at Mareeba, Cairns, Queensland, on 18th October, 1893. Beautiful set of 2
eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°78 x 0°57.

63 123 2 LARGE-HEADED ROBIN,
Pacilodryas capito, Gould.
Taken by A. Boon and Sid. W. Jackson, at Vinegar Hill scrub, near Tyringham, 55 miles South
West of Grafton, N.S.W., on 9th October, 1898. Nest built in young Hoop Pine tree (Avaucaria
Cunninghamii), and is very much smaller than that of Eopsaltria austvalis, and more neatly constructed.
Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°79 x 0°57.

GREY-BREASTED
SHRIKE ROBIN,
Eopsaltria georgiana, Q.and G.
Taken by S. Hall on the
banks of the Blackwood River,

64 255

West Australia, 27th Septem-
ber, 1897. Set of 2 eggs.

6; «i2 3 FLAME-BREASTED
ROBIN,
Petveeca phoenicea, Gould.
Taken by M. W. Harrison,
near Hobart, Tasmania, on
15th October, 1898. Set of

3 ges.

66 113 3 PINK-BREASTED
ROBIN,
Petraca rhodinogastra, Draper. Getting the Tree-climbing Ladder out for an Overhaul.
Taken by M. W. Harrison,
near Hobart, Tasmania, on 31st December, 1898. Set of 3 eggs.

a (Se SCARLET-BREASTED ROBIN,
Petrvaca leggii, Sharpe.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, from the hollow of a Forest Oak tree (Casuarina torulosa), on Oak
Flat, Bostobric, near Don Dorrigo scrubs, New South Wales, on October roth, 1898. Set of 3 eggs.

68 114 3 ROSE-BREASTED ROBIN
Petreca vosea, Gould.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Cloud’s Creek, South-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on 7th October, 1898.

Set of 3 eggs.
RED-CAPPED ROBIN,

Petreca goodenovii, V. and H.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Nymboida, near Grafton, N.S.W., on 6th October 1898. Nest
built in a Swamp Oak tree (Casuarina glauca.) Set of 2 eggs.

69 115 2

No. in

A.J.

Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
7° 384 4
71 354 3
72 333 3
73 355 3
74 385 2
75 387 4
76 387 3
fil 3387 3
78 = 386 3
79 388 4

| 389 3
80-

| 4501
8r 390 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHITE-BROWED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus superciliosus, Gould.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Clarenza, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on 28th October, 1894.
Beautiful set of 4 eggs.

Taken by C. A. Barnard, near Rockhampton, Queensland, on 17th November, 1903. Set of 3 eggs.

WHITE-RUMPED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus leucogaster, Valenc.
Taken by J. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 8th
July, 1897. Beautiful set of 3 eggs.

MASKED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus personatus, Gould.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Botany, Sydney, on 26th October, 1903. Beautiful set of 3 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = o'go x 0°66.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Botany, Sydney, on 26th October, 1903. Set of 2 eggs.

WHITE-BELLIED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus hypoleucus, Sharpe.
This handsome clutch was taken near Burketown, in the Gulf of Carpentaria district, by C. Wood-
lands, on 28th September, 1897. Set of 4 eggs.

Taken by H. Barnard, near Rockhampton, Queensland, on 13th September, 1897. This is a
much more heavily marked set than No. 75. Set of 3 eggs.

Taken by H. Barnard, near Rockhampton, Queensland, on 11th September, 1897. Set of 3 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 0°85 x 0°65.

GREY-BREASTED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus cinereus, Vieillot,
Taken north of Perth, West Australia, by F. Buttler, on rst November, 1899. Set of 3 eggs.
Specimen A, measures = 0°84 x 0°67.

BLACK-FACED WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus melanops, Gould.
Taken by J. Watson, at Buckiinguy, Western N.S.W., on 23rd September, 1897. These eggs
vary, though they are from the same nest. Set of 4 eggs.

WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus sovdidus, Latham.
Taken at Ti Tree Creek, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 2nd October, 1895, by Sid. W. Jackson.
Set of 3 eggs and 1 Pallid Cuckoo’s egg.

PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
Taken at Ti Tree Creek, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 2nd October, 1895, by Sid. W. Jackson.
Taken with the 3 Wood Swallow’s eggs.

LITTLE WOOD SWALLOW,
Artamus minor, Vieillot.
Taken by C. Woodland’s collector, near Normanton, Queensland, 25th September, 1898. Set of
3 eggs. These are rare eggs and represented in very few collections. A specimen of the clutch
measures in inches = 0°70 x o'58.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. in

No, Book. Eggs.
82 215 3
83 2592
84 259 2
85 259 2
86 259 3
87 261 3
88 258 3
89 265 2
go 260 2
or 2643

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

CHESTNUT-RUMPED GROUND WREN,
LHylacola pyrrhopygia, V. and H.

Taken by A. F. Bassett. Hull, near Freshwater, Manly, Sydney, on 2nd August, r902._ Beautiful
set of 3 eggs. This lively little bird I found plentiful in certain localities about Sydney, and succeeded
in finding three of the nests. I saw them often in the bush between Freshwater and Dee Why, near
Manly. They are shy, and keep themselves well hidden in the short dense vegetation, and suddenly
they will often pop out, and then run along the ground very fast. The eggs are very dark, and some-
what chocolate-coloured, and resemble, more than any others, some specimens of those of the Yellow-
throated Scrub Wren (Sericornis.) The nest is a dome-shaped structure, very loosely put together,
and placed near the ground in some thickly-foliaged bush, or in long grass and weeds. Specimen A.
measures in inches = o°84 x 0°63.

WHITE-THROATED THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala gutturalis, Latham.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 2tst August, 1892.
Beautiful set of 2 eggs.

Taken in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on 1st November,
1893. Beautiful set of 2 eggs.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Booyong, near Lismore, N.S.W., on 18th November, 1899. Ground
color of this set is white. Set of 2 eggs.

Taken at Vinegar Hill Scrub, near Tyringham, 55 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., by A. Boon
and Sid. W. Jackson, on 23rd October, 13898. This is the most handsome set of these eggs I have ever
seen, and being so heavily blotched resemble well marked specimens of those of the Harmonious
Thrush. This lovely set of 3 completes the above series of the four differently marked sets displayed
in the collection. I noticed that this bird utters quite a different note in the Richmond River scrubs,
as compared with those found about Sydney. Specimen A. measures = 0:92 x 0°68.

GREY-TAILED THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala glaucura, Gould.
Taken by M. W. Harrison, near Hobart, Tasmania, on 28th November, 1897. Beautiful set of 3
eggs.
BLACK-TAILED THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala melanura, Gould.
Taken at Bundaberg, Queensland, by T. Williams, on 7th December, 1899. Set of 3 eggs.
I saw this bird in the Richmond River scrubs in 1899. Specimen A. measures = 0°94 x 0°66.

OLIVE THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala olivacea, V. and H.
Taken at Sandford, Tasmania, by M. W. Harrison, on 24th November, 1897. Set of 2 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 1:05 x 0°77.

WESTERN THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala occidentalis, Ramsay.

Taken at the Blackwood River, South West Australia, by S. Hall, zoth September, 1895. Set of

2 eggs. :
RED-THROATED THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala gilbert, Gould.

Taken at the Mann River, east of Glen Innes, N.S.W., on July 21st, 1896, by G. Covley. Beautiful

set of 3 eggs.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

No. in

Book.

263

262

273

270

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

RUFOUS-BREASTED THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala rufiventris, Latham.

Taken at South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 17th September, 1893.
Set of 3 eggs. Nest built at altitude of 35 feet, ina Swamp Ti Tree (Me/a/euca.) This species is also
well known as the Thunder Bird, on account of it repeating its note each time a clap of thunder is
heard, or a gun is fired in the bush. In fact any sudden noise is immediately followed by a rapid
succession of notes, lasting about ten or twelve seconds, and which ultimately terminate with sounds
resembling “ chew-ee, chew-ee, chew-ee,” but which are uttered very slowly. In the Clarence River
district this bird resorts principally to the small-leaved Ti or Tea Tree (Me/a/euca) during the breeding
season, and in this tree we have found many of their nests. In Queensland I found them building
frequently in the Oak trees (Casuarina), about creeks and swamps. Last season (1906) the birds were
very plentiful everywhere, and they seemed to be in every part of the bush I visited, and by hitting a
dead tree or log with a tomahawk, very soon brought a clamorous response if they were in the
neighbourhood.

Taken at Billy’s Creek, 50 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., by Sid. W Jackson, on 14th
February, 1900. Set of 3 eggs.

Taken by W. McKee, at Taree, Manning River, N.S.W., during September, 1890. This pair of
eggs is of the rare sa/mon color variety, which is to be found in very few collections. The only other
eggs of this type which I have seen are in the collection of A. F. Basset. Hull, of Sydney, and were
found at Manly.

NORTHERN THICKHEAD,
Pachycephala falcata, Gould.

Taken at Cooktown, Queensland, by E. Groves, on 12th October, 1895. Set of 3 eggs. Specimen

A. measures = 0°77 X O'61.

WHITE-THROATED TREE CREEPER,
Climacterts leucophea, Latham.

Taken from the hollow limb of a tree in Alipou scrub, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on
27th October, 1895, by G. Rowles and Sid. W. Jackson. Set of 2 eggs. We never found many eggs
of this species in the Clarence River district, and the birds, I find, are more plentiful about Sydney.
I saw an egg of this species last season (1906), which was found stuck to the bark on the side of a
Black-butt Eucalyptus, at Roseville, near Sydney. The bird had evidently laid the egg as she was
climbing on the trunk of the tree feeding, and it was caught in a small portion of bark, which projected
out just a little from the trunk. It was quite fresh when found. The following beautiful clutch (97)
of these eggs I found near Sydney.

Taken from the hollow of a Black-butt Eucalypt (Zucalypius pilularis), at Middle Harbour,
Sydney, by Sid. W. Jackson, on oth November, 1903. Beautiful set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures
in inches = 0°93 x 0°65.

BROWN TREE CREEPER,
Climacteris scandens, Temminck.

Taken from the spout of a tall Iron-bark tree (Zucalyptus stderophioia), at Glen Ugie Peak,
Clarence River district, N.S.W., on 21st November, 1897, by Sid. W. Jackson. Set of 2 eggs. Very
difficult climb. I saw many of these birds on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., during the end of
March of this year (1907).

BLACK TREE CREEPER,
Climacterts melanura, Gould.
Taken from the hollow limb of a tree near Cloncurry, Queensland, by a black boy, during

September, 1891. The birds were identified at the same hollow the next morning. The egg measures
= 0'87 x 0°70

A J.
Data Campbell’s No, of
No.

100

Io!

102

103

104

105

106

No, in

Book. Eggs.
45 I
455 1
ry ae
ae
195 I
53 4
154 4

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Latham.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson from a nest of the Large-billed Scrub Wren (Sericornis magnirostris),
at Billy’s Creek, south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on 17th October, 1898. Only the Cuckoo's egg was

in the nest.
NARROW-BILLED BRONZE CUCKOO,

Chalcococcyx basalis, Horsfield.
Taken by J. McEnerny from a nest of the Blue Wren (Malurus cyaneus), at the Orara River scrub,
near Grafton, N.S.W., on 23rd October, 1892.

BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococcyx plagosus, Latham.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, from a nest of the Brown Fly Eater (Gerygone fusca), in Alipou scrub,
South Grafton, N.S.W., on 16th October, 1892.

Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, from
a nest of the White-throated Fly Eater, or Native
Canary (Gerygone albigularts), at Sandgate, near
Brisbane, Queensland, during the month of
September, 1887. The nest was built in a
Mangrove tree (Avicennia officinalis), growing
in the waters of Moreton Bay, and was con.
structed principally of wadding. This material
we tied to a limb near the started nest, and
the birds very wisely utilised it. I have the nest:

RED-THROAT,
Pyrrholemus brunnea, Gould.

This handsome egg was taken at Laverton,
West Australia, by C. G. Gibson, on roth July,
1905. This is the first of this species that
I have ever had the pleasure of seeing, and is
the darkest egg laid by any of the Australian
birds. It measures = 0°77 x 0°56.

REED WARBLER,
Acrocephalus australis, Gould.

Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on
25th November, 1892, in the reeds growing on
the edge of Elizabeth Island, at Grafton, Clarence
River, N.S.W. Set of 4 eggs. This bird I have
often heard whistling very sweetly on moonlight 7h tas porto of ths frst and ssand section of
nights. They are very plentiful along the banks trees when nesting.
of the Clarence River, where they find a
good supply of reeds wherein to feed and build their nests. Some localities are frequented by them
where the reeds are absent, and the nests are then built in other growths. For instance, on
Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., no reeds are found on the banks of the Upper Hunter River
there, and I understand that these birds build in the Blue Weed or Wild Verbena ( Verena donariensis),
which grows abundantly along the rich alluvial banks of that river.

LONG-BILLED REED WARBLER,
Acrocephalus longtrosiris, Gould.

Taken near Swan River, West Australia, by G. Dunstan, on 11th December, 1896. Set of 4 eggs.

Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°79 x 0°57.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of
Eggs.

No.
107

108

109

110

5 Gi

114

No. in

ook,

219

545

546

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WEDGE BILL,
Sphenostoma cristatum, Gould.

Taken by S. Robinson, at Opher Creek, near Cunnamulla, South-west Queensland, on 12th
September, 1898. Set of 2 eggs. They are blue, marked sparingly with dark spots and blotches, and
resemble those of the Coach-whip bird, only they are very much smaller. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 0'95 x 0°68.

SHRIKE TIT,
Faleunculus frontatus, Latham.

Taken at Glen Ugie Peak, near Grafton, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, on rgth
November, 1893. Nest very difficult to get at. Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures in inches
= ogo x 065. These birds I found plentiful in the bush between North Sydney and Hornsby.

Drawer C.

WONGA WONGA PIGEON,
Leucosarcia picata, Latham.
Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, in scrub at Coutt’s Crossing, near Grafton, N.S.W., on
23rd December, 1894. I have always found these nests very difficult to find. Set of 2 eggs.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°52 x I'I5.

BRONZE-WINGED PIGEON,
Phaps chalcoplera, Latham.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, from a Red Eucalypt tree, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on oth
November, 1897. Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1°37 x 1°06.

BRUSH BRONZE-WINGED PIGEON,
Phaps elegans, Temminck.
Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Port Hacking, Sydney, on 7th September, 1903. Nest built in
Dwarf Apple tree (Angophora cordifolia.) Set of 2 eggs.

Taken from Dwarf Apple tree, at Freshwater, Manly, Sydney, on 7th December, rgor, by E. Hull,
A. F. Basset. Hull, and Sid. W. Jackson. Nest was unusually large, and was placed six feet above the
ground in the latter tree. Set of 2 eggs. I found many nests of this pigeon in the thick bush
jn the environs of Sydney, but only took eggs from four of them. Some were old nests, and were
placed at heights varying from three to fifteen feet from the ground. These birds seem to have a
decided preference in placing their nests in the Dwarf Apple tree (Angophora cordifolia), and the
narrow-leaved Apple tree (Angophora lanceolata), and 1 have never found them built in any others.
Specimen A. measures = 1'27 X 0°93.

PARTRIDGE PIGEON,
Geophaps scripta, Temminck.
Taken by C. A. Barnard near Rockhampton, Queensland, on 27th August, 1900. Set of 2 eggs.

ALLIED FRUIT PIGEON,
Megaloprepia assimilis, Gould.
Taken by H. Barnard, in the dense scrubs at Cape York, Queensland, during November, 1896.
Set of 1 egg. The specimen measures = 1°43 X I'or.

ag THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
115 554 2 WHITE-BELLIED PLUMED PIGEON,
Lophophaps leucogaster, Gould.
Taken on the banks of the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on 14th

October, 1898. Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1'09 x 0°87.

116 534 I PURPLE-CROWNED FRUIT PIGHON,
Ptilopus superbus, Temminck.
Taken by R. Hislop, in the Bloomfield River district, North Queensland, during October, 1894.
Set of 1 egg.
117 -53t—Sisd RED-CROWNED FRUIT PIGEON,
Ptilopus swainsont, Gould.
Taken by Isaac Foster and Sid. W. Jackson, near my camp in the scrub at Booyong, Richmond
River district, N.S.W., on roth November, 1899. Nest was a very frail structure, and was placed in an
entanglement of small vines at an altitude of 20 feet, and was difficult to approach without knocking
the egg out of the flat nest. A single egg is the usual complement for a sitting. This handsome
pigeon has a very mournfullike note, which we heard from daylight till dark, and it became quite
monotonous to us. The birds were very plentiful in the Booyong and Binna Burra scrubs, in 1899,
and we found several nests and eggs. ‘They are familiarly known in the Richmond River scrubs as
the Pink-headed Dove. The egg is pure white. This egg measures = 1°20 x 0°87.

118 541 2 BARRED-SHOULDERED DOVE,
Geopelta humeralis, Temminck.
Taken at South Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on 16th October, 1897. Nest
was built in a tall Iron-bark Eucalypt (Zucadyptus stderophiota), in a thick upright fork, at an altitude
of 50 feet. Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°08 x 0°88.

119 542 2 GROUND DOVE,
Geopelia tranguilla, Gould.
Taken in Alipou scrub, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Frank Jackson and Sid. W.
Jackson, on 16th December, 1894. Nest was built, if it can be called a nest, in a swamp Ti Tree
(Melaleuca), at the edge of the scrub, at an altitude of 28 feet from the ground. Its construction
consisted of about 30 short pieces of grass, laid in a flat fork of the latter paper bark tree. Set of 2 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 0°87 x 0°63. Specimen B. measures = 0°88 x 0°65.

120 543 2 LITTLE DOVE,
Geopelia cuneata, Latham.
Taken on the banks of the Fitzroy River, North-west Australia, by G. A. Keartland, on 13th March,
1898. These are the smallest eggs of the Co/umée order in Australia. Set of 2 eggs. Specimen A.
measures = 0°81 xX 0'6o.

121 537 I NUTMEG PIGEON,
Myristicivora spilorrhoa, G. R. Gray.
Taken by E. H. Webb, on Frankland Islands, Russell River, Queensland, on 4th January, 1905.
Set of one egg. It measures = 1°78 x 1°23

122 535 x PURPLE-BREASTED FRUIT PIGEON,
Megaloprepia magnifica, Temminck.
We found the nest and egg of this beautiful pigeon near our camp at Booyong, Richmond River
scrubs, N.S.W., on roth December, 1899. The nest was placed at the top of a tall leaning scrub
Cherry tree (Eleodendron australe) in the scrub, and was very difficult to negotiate owing to the labyrinth
of treacherous Lawyer vines (Calamus australis) which enveloped it. Taken by W. McEnerny and Sid.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. in

No. Book.
123-544
124-547
125, 532
126 555
127 540

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

W. Jackson. This pigeon is without doubt the most magnificent we have in Australia, and is one of
the largest. While at Booyong I had many opportunities of observing this fine species in its natural
haunts, and was successful in finding two nests, each containing one rare egg. They feed chiefly on
berries, &c., which they find abundantly in all parts of the scrubs, and when engaged feeding they often
give their remarkable note or call, which resembles ‘To dolax to boo.” The egg, like those of our
other large pigeons, which also only lay one egg for a sitting, is pure white. This egg measures
= 1°68) X e107.

LITTLE GREEN PIGEON,

Chalcophaps chrysochlora, Wagler.

Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
on 24th December, 1893. Nest was built on the horizontal branch of a Prickly Fig tree (Ficus
stephanocarpa), leaning over Alipou Creek, and ata height of twelve feet. Nest was a very frail and
flat structure, and composed of dead sticks and portions of the dried up vines of the Scrub Convolvulus
(Ipomea palmata). Set of 3 handsome eggs. ‘This pigeon is frequently to be seen on the ground in
the scrubs, where it appears to obtain most of itsfood. The nests are sometimes placed very low down,
and some which we found in the scrubs at Booyong and Binna Burra, in the Richmond River district,
in 1899, were only from four to six feet from the ground, one of them being built in the centre of a
beautiful Birds-nest Fern (Asplenium-nidus.) Two eggs usually formed the full sitting, the clutch under
notice being the only instance in which I found three. I saw these birds first in the scrubs on Strad-
broke Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland, during January of 1885, and have since then seen them in
almost every scrub which I visited in Queensland and New South Wales. The eggs are always of a
beautiful rich cream colour. Specimen A. of this set measures = 1°20 x o’go.

FLOCK PIGEON,
Histriophaps histrionica, Gould.
Taken in the interior of New South Wales in February, 1889. Set of 2 eggs.

ROSE-CROWNED FRUIT PIGEON,
Ptilopus ewingi, Gould.
Taken near Cairns, North Queensland, on 19th November, 1898, by W. Burton. Set of 1 egg.
It measures = 1°20 x 0°88.

CRESTED PIGEON,
Ocyphaps lophotes, Temminck.
Taken on Buckiinguy Station, New South Wales, by J. Watson, on 18th October, 1897. Set of
2eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1°30 X 0°93.

PHEASANT PIGEON,
Macropygia phasianella, Temminck.

Taken at Booyong scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W., on 7th November, 1899, by Sid. W.
Jackson. The nest was built on top of that of the last season, and consequently made it appear
unusually thick. This pigeon, I found, seemed to frequently use decayed leaves and sticks for its nest,
and the egg cannot be seen through it from below, as is the case with most of those of the other pigeons.
I found several nests and eggs during my stay in the latter scrubs. This bird, we found, always laid
only one egg for a sitting. © It is a poor and very clumsy flier, and resorts to damp parts of the scrubs,
and where it is very dense. The furthest south that I have observed it was in the Never Never
country of the Bellenger River district of N.S.W., in October, 1898. They often build their nests in
the upright forks of the scrub trees, and seldom place them exposed on the thin limbs and vines, as so
many of the other scrub pigeons do. The egg is of a light cream colour. Set of 1 egg, which
measures = I'45 X 0'97.

No, in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
128 535 I TOP-KNOT PIGEON,
Lopholemus antarcticus, Shaw.

This is the first authenticated egg of this
pigeon known to science (see A. J. Campbell’s book,
page 672). It was taken by W. McEnerny and
Sid. W. Jackson, at Booyong, 14 miles north-east
of Lismore, in the Richmond River district of
N.S.W., on 24th October, 1899. The nest was
placed at an altitude of over 100 feet, in a tall
Moreton Bay Chestnut or Bean-ball tree (Castanos-
permum australe), that had been left standing ina
cleared belt of scrub, and which was enveloped by
the Parasitical Fig tree (Ficus rubiginosa). The
nests were most difficult to obtain, and my climbing
ladder was put into use after a day’s work in carry-
ing it over fallen trees and vines. The task was a
very big one, and one I shall never forget in my
life, yet our work was well repaid, for these tworare
nests each contained an egg. Both were in the
same tree. The other egg has since passed into
the possession of A. J. Campbell, of Melbourne,
and which he looks upon as a very rare and historic
specimen. ‘These birds are very numerous in the
scrubs of all the coastal rivers of northern New
South Wales and Queensland, and many large
flocks are frequently seen during April and May,
when they congregate and feed on various berries,
etc. Shooting parties often go out and wantonly
destroy great numbers of these handsome pigeons
during the latter months. I remember one instance
that came under my notice, where nearly 4oo were
shot, in the Macleay River district of N.S.W., and
were left to rot, only a few being taken away for
table use. It seems remarkable that the nests and
eggs of this species should be so very rare, when
we take into consideration the vast flocks that visit
us every year. During my visit to the Ourimbah
scrubs, near Gosford, N.S.W., in April of 1904, I
heard guns in every quarter, and many birds were
shot and forwarded to Sydney. The egg is pure
white, oval in shape, and slightly glossy, and the
nest is a very frail structure of dead sticks, on
which is laid the single egg. The specimen under
notice measures = 1°64 x 1°16. [See page 16.]

WHITE-HEADED FRUIT PIGEON,
Columba lencomela, Temminck.

she, 539 I

; W. McEnerny climbing the tree containing two rare
This rare egg was also taken near Booyong ; nests of the Top-knot Pigeon. Set data, No. 128, came

it was found at Binna Burra scrubs, 18 miles north from the nest placed at the top cross. Loc., Booyong

= : ms Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W.
east of Lismore, New South Wales, on 18th Novem. : mee

Data
No.

131

No. i
J

A...
Campbell's No.
Book. Eg

548

415

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

ber, 1899. The nest was built in amass of tangled vines and sticks, hanging from a Booyong tree
(Tarrvietia actinophylla), and at an altitude of 60 feet. Taken by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson,
Set of 1 egg, and measures = 1°53 x 0'97.

This is the first egg of this interesting pigeon that I took, and it is somewhat larger and more
rounded than the latter specimen (No. 129.) It was taken in the scrubs at Beilsdown Creek, Don
Dorrigo, Upper Bellinger River district of New South Wales, on 12th October, 1898. Nest built in
vines in a Red Cedar tree ( Cedvela australis), at an altitude of 45 feet. Taken by W. Williamson and
Sid. W. Jackson. The eggs of this pigeon are exceedingly rare, and are represented in very few collec-
tions. In the Richmond River and Byron Bay scrubs this bird is locally known as the ‘ Balley” or

“ Captain Cook ” pigeon. Set of 1 egg, which gives the following measurements in inches = 1°56 x 1°12.

NEST AND EGG OF THE TOP-KNOT PIGEON.

Loc. Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W.
(Set data No. 128, page 15.)

ROCK PIGEON,
Petrvophassa albipennis, Gould.

Taken during an expedition into Central Australia, on 1st March, 1897. Very rare. These eggs
are not described in A. J. Campbell’s book. This set contains 2 eggs, which are like those of others of
our Australian pigeons. Shape elliptical, shell smooth and of a cream colour. Specimen A. measures
= 1:06 x 080. Received from Chas. French, junr., Melbourne.

RUFOUS SCRUB BIRD,
Atrichia vifescens, Ramsay.
This set of eggs is the only one known to science, and its discovery was the means of putting in
the “keystone” to the oological arch in Australia. It is the jivst discovered, and still remains so.
(See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 506.) So the missing link has at last been found. During my visit

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

to the scrubs of the rich Don Dorrigo country, in the Upper Bellenger River district of New South
Wales, in October of 1898, I had some most interesting experiences, and paid special attention to the
Atrichia during my stay, and was particularly bent on finding its nest and eggs, and lost no opportunities
of following it whenever I heard its very shrill and penetrating note. They are exceedingly shy birds,
and hide very suddenly, and like a mouse they crawl under some big log, or into a mass of dead leaves,
sticks, and bushes, and thus dodge a person beautifully. They frequent parts of the scrub where it is
damp and dense, and almost impossible for a man to get through, and appear to be quite terrestrial in
their habits. On the 2oth October, of 1898, a party consisting of four, including myself, left camp at
8 a.m., after enjoying a good breakfast of damper and curried Wonga Pigeon. We then entered the
scrub at about six hundred yards from the camp, when almost immediately we heard the noisy Spine-
tailed Ovthonyxes crying out in all parts. Suddenly one flew from a nest which was built at the foot of
a tree. (See photograph of it also
in A. J. Campbell’s book, page
252.) About three feet from this
nest was a tuft of long green stiff
grass (Cyperacee sp.), out of which
immediately after the Orvthonya
flew the Atrichia. Weall rushed
over, and found it contained two
fresh eggs, and there was no doubt
about them being those of the
Atrichia, considering we all saw
the bird fly from the nest. We
then lay down concealed in the
ferns and undergrowth, in the
scrub, for nearly four hours, with
gun ready, waiting for the return
of Mrs. Atrichia, but it was all
for nothing, not the slightest sight
of the bird being obtained. It
seems very remarkable that the
female Atvichia has not yet been
captured ; all specimens so far
obtained have been males, with
the exception of one, which was
caught at the nest at Booyong,
near Lismore, N.S.W, and a
description of which I will give
in this data. I shot eleven at NEST OF THE
Atrichia rvufescens, Ramsay.

RUFOUS SCRUB BIRD,

various times, and when I have
Loc., Don Dorrigo Scrubs, New South Wales.

dropped across them in pairs, yet
(Set data No 132.)

on dissection they all proved to

be male birds.
My next move was to photograph the nest in its natural position; then the clump of sedge-like

grass (Cyperacee) containing the nest was dug up below the roots, all tied securely together, then carried
to the “camp” and packed away, and the eggs also after they were blown. This rare find created
much excitement and jubilation at the camp, knowing as we did that this set of eggs and the nest
(which are quite unlike any others in Australia) were the first known to the scientific world. The
following persons formed my nesting party, and were with me when the nest was found :—Frank T. A

Jackson, L. Vesper, and Jno. McEnerny.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

The nest is most remarkable, and unlike any other that I know of in Australia. It is dome-
shaped, with at entrance at the side, and is composed of twigs, dead grasses, leaves, etc., very loosely
put together. The only firm part about it is the lining, which is most extraordinary, and resembles
coarse papier-maché, but on closer examination of this solid body, one finds that it is a dried pulp of
soft and decayed wood, that the bird has worked up and put together while in a wet state. The eggs
were simply laid on this hard cardboard-like rounded receptacle, and nota vestige of any other material
was in the nest. I thought perhaps the eggs had been laid before the birds had finished lining it,
but that is not the case, and I have proved it in a very substantial way.

When at Booyong scrubs, near Lismore, Richmond River, N.S.W., at the end of 1599, 1 found
another nest of the Afvichia (during November), and built again in a tuft of rush-like grass, and the
young had only left it a few days. This one I possess also, and is lined in exactly the same manner
as the Don Dorrigo specimen, being of a hard cardboard-like nature, and has no other lining in it.
These birds I found very plentiful at Booyong, Richmond River, N.S.W., in 1899, but of course they
are nearly all driven away from those parts now (1907), owing to the progress in the dairying industry,
necessitating the removal of the rich and beautiful scrubs.

We usually had great
difficulty in getting a
good distance shot at an
Atrichia, simply on ac-
count of the way in
which it confines itself
to the masses of vines,
fallen trees, and debris
on the ground. How-
ever, when it does ap-
pear, it is frequently only
a few feet from the
muzzle of your gun, and
in such cases it is better
to leave it, for the bird
is only blown to atoms;
and thus rendered use-
less for any scientific

purposes. I always had

great difficulty in obtain- Watching the Atrichia in the Don Dorrigo Scrubs, N.S.W.

ing a perfect specimen

on this account, notwithstanding that I used a proper specimen gun with specially prepared charges.
The Atrichia’s nest, from which the set of 2 eggs was taken, gives the following measurements :—

Placed 7 inches (in the tuft of grass) up from the ground, height of nest overall 74 inches, width of

nest overall 4 inches, height of egg cavity, inside, 3 inches, width of egg cavity, inside, 2 inches, from

back to front of nest inside 2 inches, opening of nest 2} inches. The food of the Atvichia I found

consisted chiefly of snails eggs, young tender shelled snails, worms, and the larvae and pupa of various

Cavabide and other Coleoptera, living among the damp masses of leaves on the ground in the scrubs.

The note of the Atrichia is a very shrill and /oud penetrating ‘“‘ chirp ” which is uttered slowly four
times, “ chirp-chirp-chirp-chirp,” the last chirp being sounded a little lower than the others. The bird is a
great mimic, and I have frequently heard it imitate to perfection the notes of the spined-tailed Log
Runner (Orthonyx spinicauda), The Goshawk (Astuy approximans), and Yellow-throated Scrub Wren
(Sevicornis citreogulavis), etc. The Common Yellow Robins (Eofsaltria australis) about Sydney, when
they give their four shrill chirp-like notes, resemble very much those of the A trichia.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

The particulars so far published concerning the Africhia have been very fragmentary, and I am
pleased to be able in these pages to give some original notes and descriptions of the bird and its
habits. While camped at Booyong scrubs in 1899, I had many visits from my friend, Isaac J. Foster,
who was working in an adjoining scrub, and showed him the Aférichia’s nest which I found there, and
gave him all information concerning this interesting species, ve how, when and where they built, etc.,
in order that it might later on be of assistance to him in finding the nest and eggs, or a female bird.
However, two years later (November 5th, 1901) he was successful in finding a nest near Booyong,
and in the very locality I had advised him to watch, but unfortunately it contained two young birds,
and was built near the ground in a clump of flat ribbon-like grass or sedge (Gahnia sp.), and a mass of
debris among dead leaves at the head of a fallen tree. The nest had the same papiey-maché or
cardboard-like lining, as was the case with the two found by myself and already described here. In
order to try and capture the female he raked a portion of the ground clear, about a foot from the front
of the nest, and then took one of the young birds from it, and its cries soon brought the female along,
and he caught her with his hand as she excitedly hopped about near her nest, the young bird was
then placed back into the nest. The next move was to cage the specimen, and being camped in the
scrub and having no such facilities, he placed her between two very large empty halves of the canoe-
shaped pods of the Moreton Bay
Chestnut or Bean-ball Tree (Cas-
tanospermum australe), and tied
them together, after making a
hole at each end as a means of
admitting sufficient air. He kept
the bird caged in this novel way
for a few days, in hopes of
meeting some person who could
accommodate him with a tempo-
rary cage or box, and during this
time he attended to the wants of
the two young birds in the nest,
and went twice a day and placed
grubs and worms on the cleared
spot in front of it, and the male
bird took full responsibility and
started to feed the young. How- Our Camp in the forest, outside Don Dorrigo scrubs, October 1898.
ever failure overtook him in
securing anything to put the bird in, and he brought her back and liberated her at the nest, but not
before he had taken a careful description. The young birds are grey all over, and the female, a
description also of which has never been previously recorded, as far as I am able to ascertain, gives
the following description :—About one inch shorter than the male, and possesses no whitish mark
under the throat, as is the case with the male, the underneath parts being devoid of rufous and are
grey instead ; the back and other parts are similar to those of the male. Having had the bird in his
hand, and under close and favourable observation, he was thus enabled to give me this correct and
valuable description, this being the first time a female had ever been handled.

[A coloured illustration of one of these eggs will be seen in A. J. Campbell’s book on “ Australian
Birds Eggs and Nests,” on plate 16. On pages 506-7 are my notes relating to the find, also the
accompanying photograph of nest in natural position, as shown on page 17]

Specimen A. measures = 0°92 x 0°72.

0°87 x 0°72.

Specimen B. measures

No. w

Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

133 52 4

134 63 3

135 220 5

136 220 3

137 222 2

139 221 2

140

~
~
N
n

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

GREY JUMPER,
Struthidea cinerea, Gould.
Taken by J. Watson, at Buckiinguy, Western New South Wales, on 12th October, 1900. These
birds make a mud nest, like that of the Magpie Lark. Specimen A. measures = 1°17 x 0°86.

DRONGO,
Chibia bracteata, Gould.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at St. Helena, Byron Bay, New South Wales, on 22nd December,
1899. Nest was built of thin twisted vines, and placed ina tree in the scrub, close to the road on
Cooper’s Shoot. The eggs are beautiful specimens. The note of this bird is very discordant.
Specimen A. measures = 1'12 x 0°83.

BABBLER,
Pomatorhinus temporalis, V. and H.

Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, near South Grafton, New South Wales, on 26th August,
1894. Nest built in a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus corymbosa), at the extremity of a very long
bough, and contained this beautiful set of 5 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1'07 X 0°73.

Taken by W. McEnerny and Frank T. A. Jackson, at Hawthorneville, South Grafton, N.S.W., on
2nd September, 1894. Nest built ina Ti Tree (Melaleuca). I found that these birds seldom built in
anything else in South-east Queensland. I have taken nearly every nest obtained there from the
Melaleuca. Beautifully marked set of 3 eggs. Not only the egg, but the note of this bird is also very
remarkable, and they often may be heard just at sun down barking away—‘‘ You zow, you zow, you
zow.” We found them very common about Grafton, in the Clarence River district, and I have counted
eight of their large dome-shaped nests in one tree, andall placed at the very extremity of long horizontal
branches of the common bush Apple tree (Angophora subvelutina), These happy creatures appear to
build half a dozen nests, and only lay in one of them; the remainder are used by others of their tribe
as roosting places at night. ‘The nests are very warm inside, and the lining consists of a deep layer of
dry bark and fur. When a lad going to school, these birds were familiarly known to the average
schoolboy about Toowoomba and Brisbane as “‘ Crackabarneys,” and at Grafton, N.S.W., as the “ Dog
Bird.” I had the pleasure of renewing my acquaintance with this species during March of this year
(1907), when I saw both the birds and their nests on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., and again
listened to their notes, as several were perched in a tall River Oak (Casuarina Cunninghamiana) as I
drove past, and their cry brought back to my mind many very pleasant recollections of my by-gone
collecting days. Specimen A. measures = 1I'07 X 0'76.

CHESTNUT-CROWNED BABBLER,
Pomatorhinus ruficeps, Hartlaub.
Taken near Dubbo, N.S.W., on 4th March, 1898. Set of 2 eggs.

RED-BREASTED BABBLER,
Pomatorhinus vubeculus, Gould.
Taken west of Rockhampton, Queensland, on 4th September, 1891. Beautiful set of 3 eggs.

WHITH-BROWED BABBLER,
Pomatorhinus superciliosus, V. and H.
Taken at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., by T. Mullins, on 29th August, 1893. Set of 2 eggs.

BRISTLE BIRD,
Sphenuva brachyptera, Latham.

Taken by A. Boon and Sid. W. Jackson, at Blicks River, near Tyringham, 55 miles south-west of
Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 4th February, 1900. Nest built in tuft of rushes, near the river.
It was a very frail structure, and would scarcely stand removal, and was dome-shaped and composed of
dried grasses and leaves, etc., and warmly lined inside. I have taken several sets of these rare eggs

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

AJ.
Data Campbell’s No, of
No. ook, Eggs.

in the latter locality since 1893. Splendid set of 2 eggs, one larger and more heavily marked than the
other. I found a nest of the Bristle Bird at Flat Rock, Middle Harbour, near Sydney, on 16th Sep-
tember, 1903, but only after patiently watching the birds for two hours. It was constructed of grass,
and placed about eighteen inches from the ground in a clump of the large-leaved Swamp Banksia
(Banksia latifolia.) The nest was just finished and ready for eggs, and I revisited the place again seven
days later, but was much disappointed to find that a bush fire had in the meantime passed over a large
area of the country there, and carried away with it my rare nest, and no doubt also a fresh set of eggs.
Fortunately I photographed the nest during my first visit, which picture accompanies this description.
The black dot on the top of the white cross points to the opening in this dome-shaped structure.
Within twenty yards of the Bristle Birds’
nest I took a splendid set of Emu
Wrens’ (Stipiturus) eggs on the above
date ; it was fortunate that it contained
eggs, and that I had not to leave it
also for another week, for had I done
so it certainly would have been burnt.
For this latter set see data No. 53. [
found both the Bristle Bird and Emu
Wren fairly common in certain parts of
Middle Harbour on the damp flats,
where the Swamp Banksia or Honey-
suckle abounds. Specimen A. measures
= I'I2 x 0°77. Specimen B. measures
——IEOO (ONG:

196 2 YELLOW-THROATED
SCRUB WREN,
Sevicornis citveogulavis, Gould.
Taken at Ourimbah, near Gosford,
} N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on roth
December, 1905. This is a very dark
set of eggs, with a deep zone on thick
apex.

141¢

451 I FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis fiabelliformis, Latham.
Taken with the two latter Yellow-
throated Scrub Wrens’ eggs. It
measures in inches = 0°83 x 0°57.

42 196 3 YELLOW-THROATED
SCRUB WREN,

Sericornis citreogularis, Gould. NEST OF THE BRISTLE BIRD.
(See Illustration page 22.) The dot on the top of the cross points directly at the opening of the nest.
Taken at the Little Plain, Don Loc., Flat Rock, Middle Harbour, Sydney.

Dorrigo Scrubs, Upper Bellinger River

district, N.S.W., on r2th October, 1898, by L. Vesper, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. This is a beauti-
fully zoned set of 3 eggs, but not so dark in the ground color as the previous set, No. 141. The eggs
and nests of this species are both comparatively large, and the latter, which are dome-shaped structures
suspended from the extremities of long thin branches of trees, leaning out over the small creeks in the
scrubs, are often very handsome in their construction, frequently being beautifully decorated with skeins

Data Campbell's No of

No.

144

146

147

148

No. in

Book.

196

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

of bright green moss. Sometimes they droop down within a few feet of the water, then again you will
find them placed at a height of 30 feet. The accompanying illustration is from a photograph taken in
the Don Dorrigo Scrubs, and shows my brother pointing to the nest from which this set (No. 142) was
taken. Nest will be seen suspended below the white cross.

Taken near Tyringham, 55 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 23rd
October, 1898. This is a beautiful grey set, possessing smoke-coloured rings around the middle of the
eggs, and having the tips of the thin or pointed ends whitish, with a grey spot in the centre which gives
the eggs a most remarkable and artificial appearance. Set of 3 eggs were perfectly fresh when taken.
Specimen A. measures = 0'95 x 0°68.

Taken at Nymboida, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 24th October, 1898, by Sid. W.
Jackson. This is another remarkable set of these eggs. This pair is whitish, with the thick ends
deeply smoked. This is the only set of these eggs I have seen marked in this way. Set of 2 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 0°94 x 0°67.

Taken in scrub, near Cloud’s Creek, 45 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., by A. Boon and Sid.
W. Jackson, on 6th February, 1900, This set of 2 eggs concludes the beautiful series in the collection
of these Scrub Wrens’ eggs.
This set is the white variety,
with very few markings, and
are the only ones I have seen
of this type. Specimen A.
measures = 0°97 X 0°72.

MAGPIE LARK,
Grallina picata, Latham.

Taken at the Common,
near South Grafton, N.S.W.,
by W. McEnerny, Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson, on 8th
October, 1892. Ground color
of this set is white, heavily
spotted and blotched, particu-

larly at the larger end. Set of
wp YEST OF THE YELLOW-THROATED SCRUB WREN.
4 eggs. Nest built in Red NEST OF THE YELLOW-THRO CRUB WRE

The white cross is just above the suspended nest.
Eucalypt tree REncan Ee vos- Loc., Don Dorrigo Scrubs, N.S.W.
tyvata.) These birds are very (See data No. 142, page 21.)
numerous on Belltrees Station,

near Scone, N.S.W., and I found quite a number of their nests there, which were built in the River
Oaks (Casuarina Cunninghamiana) growing on the banks of the Upper Hunter River.

This set of 5 eggs was taken near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W.
Jackson, on 14th November, 1894. Nest built in Swamp Oak tree (Casuarina glauca). This set is pale
pinkish-white, thickly spotted at the larger ends. The neat bowl-shaped nests of this well known
bird, which are constructed of mud, are often placed at great altitudes, and we have taken their
eggs over ninety feet from the ground; yet one instance came under my notice where the nest had

actually been built on the bottom rail of a fence. The latter nest we found at Dallinga, South Grafton,
during season 1894.

Taken by Frank T. A. Jackson, in Wall’s paddock, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on
1st October, 1892. This set of 4 eggs is of a beautiful deep salmon ground color, and beautifully zoned
and blotched at the larger ends. Specimen A. measures = 1'22 x 0°82.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

158

159

No. in

Book. Eggs.
64 2
64 4

217 4

217 2
217 3
217 3
218 2
_ 2
252 2
252 I
252 2

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Taken at Frisch’s paddock, at South Pine River, north-east of Brisbane, Queensland, by C. Frisch
and Sid. W. Jackson, during December, 1884. This pair is white ground color, and very sparingly
marked with small dots on larger ends.

This is the most interesting set of the series of Grallina’s eggs, as it is an albino clutch ; they are
pure white, and without a mark of any kind. Taken at Swan Creek, east of South Grafton, Clarence
River, N.S.W., on 26th August, 1894. Taken by W. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson Set of
4 eggs. Nest was built in an Appletree (Angophora subvelutina). Specimen A. measures = 1°12 x 0°85.
Specimen B. measures = 1°17 x 0°86.

COACH WHIP BIRD,
Psophodes crepitans, Latham.
A set of 4 eggs for this bird is very rare ; however, these four came from the one nest and at the
one time. Taken at Vinegar Hill scrub, Tyringham, 55 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on 16th
August, 1895, by G. Covley. Beautifully marked clutch. Specimen A. measures = 1°07 x 0°79.

Taken in scrub at the Grafton Common, N.S.W., on 28th August, 1892, by J. Williams and Sid.
W. Jackson. These 2 eggs are very large specimens, and most beautifully blotched. Specimen A.
measures = 1°20 x o'80.

Taken at Clontarf, Middle Harbour, Sydney, by Chas. Reid and Sid. W. Jackson, on 6th October,
tgo1. The ground colour of this set is of an unusually rich blue, and the markings, which consist of
hair-like lines and hieroglyphics, are confined to the extremity of the thick apex. Handsome set of
3 eggs. Nest built in mass of vines of the wild Sarsaparilla (Smilax glycyphylla.) Specimen A.
measures = I'II X 0°77.

Taken at Coutt’s Crossing scrub, Orara River, near Grafton, N.S.W., on 2nd October, 1895, by
Sid. W. Jackson. Very nicely marked clutch, but very much lighter in the ground colour, as compared

with the latter, set No. 153. Set of 3 eggs. This concludes the handsome series of these eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 1°15 x 0°82.

BLACK-THROATED WHIP BIRD,
Psophodes nigrogularis, Gould.
Clutch of 2 eggs, taken in the Blackwood River district of South-west Australia by S. Hall, on rst
September, 1897. These eggs are much paler in the ground colour to those of P. crepitans, of East
Australia. Specimen A. measures = I'II xX 0°73.

NORTHERN COACH WHIP BIRD,
Psophodes crepitans-latealis, North.
(No. 224 Hall's Key.)
I really think this northern form is a good species ; its note and its eggs are somewhat different to
that of P. crepitans. This pair, however, was taken near Cairns, North Queensland, by T. Williams,
on 23rd September, 1899, Eggs very small and pale color. Specimen A. measures = 1°03 x 0°75.

BELL BIRD,
Oreotca cristata, Lewin.

Set of 2 perfect specimens, taken near Bathurst, N.S.W., January 1st, 1889. Taken by a black
tracker.

One egg, very elongated, taken at Tyringham, south-west of Grafton, N.S.W,, by A. Boon, during
October 1890.

Beautiful set of 2 eggs. Taken onthe Black Mountain, near Tyringham, Clarence River district,

N.S.W., on 14th November, 1895. Taken by G. Rowles and Sid. W. Jackson. Nest built ina Blue
Eucalypt tree (Ziucalyptus saligna). Specimen A. measures = 1°03 x 0°80.

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
a SHINING STARLING,
Calornis metallica, Temminck.
Found in the Cape York scrubs, North Queensland. Set of 2 eggs taken by H. Barnard, on 28th
November, 1896. One tree contained many nests, and H. Barnard counted 296 in it. Specimen A.
measures = 1'07 x o'81.

Drawer TD.

6r -477 i RED-TAILED BLACK COCKATOO,
Calyptorhynchus stellatus, Wagler.

Taken by Professor Baldwin Spencer during his expedition into Central Australia. Set of 1 egg,
taken during November, 1896. (See Campbell’s book, page 609.) This rare egg measures in inches
= 1°83 x 1°35, and seems rather small for such a large bird. In July, 1894, I founda nest of the
Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) in a tall hollow tree near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
and it contained two young birds.

162 480 2 WHITE COCKATOO,
Cacatua galevita, Latham.

Taken at Nymboida, 30 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., by an aboriginal named Nymboi
Jack, on 3oth September 1897. I saw the bird leave a hollow as I drove past, and then sent the
nigger up to Nymboida in order to rob it for me. Nest was placed in hollow spout of a tall Flooded
Eucalypt (Zucalyptus rostrata). Set of 2 eggs. I have frequently seen large flocks of these Cockatoos
in Southern Queensland and North-eastern New South Wales, where they often do great damage
to the grain crops. I noticed numbers of them on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.5.W., during the
early part of April this year (1907), where they were sporting in the tall and stately River Oaks
(Casuarina Cunninghamiana), growing on the banks of the Upper Hunter River. We have often
found their nests in the neighbourhood of Grafton, in the Clarence River district, and they were
sometimes placed at a great altitude in the hollow spout of some Eucalyptus tree. Specimen A.
measures = 1°92 X 1°35.

163 482 3 BARE-EYED COCKATOO,
Cacatua gymnopsis, Sclater.

Taken inland from Burketown, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on

September roth, 1897. Set of 3 eggs.

BLOOD-STAINED COCKATOO,
164 483 I Cacatua sanguinea, Gould.
One egg, taken from the spout of a tree by C. Woodlands, near Burketown, North-west Queensland,
on 1oth September, 1897.

165 483 2 Two eggs (E.B.), taken in the interior of New South Wales on 9th November, 1890.

166 484 3 ROSE-BREASTED COCKATOO,
Cacatua rosetcapilla, Vieillot.
Set of 3 eggs, taken from the hollow spout of a Eucalypt, by J. Watson, on Buckiinguy Station,
Western New South Wales, on 3rd September, 1896.

167 485 4 LONG-BILLED COCKATOO,
Licmetis nasica, Temminck.
Taken on the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on 4th January, 1898.
Set of 4 eggs.

168

170

171

172

173

No, in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. B

ook, Eggs.
479 2
4931
492 2
5036
499 4
463 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

GANG GANG COCKATOO,

Callocephalon galeatum, Latham.
These 2 rare eggs were taken by Maxted, a bird trapper, in the mountains near Nowra, on the

south coast of New South Wales, on 26th November, 1899. Nest
was placed in a dead hollow spout of a Eucalypt tree, at an altitude
of nearly 60 feet. These are the only eggs I have ever seen of
this Cockatoo, and I think I was very fortunate to procure such rare
specimens, as they are represented in very few collections. Speci-
men A. measures in inches = 1:40 x 1°07. Specimen B. =
132) EOFs
KING LORY,
Aprosmicdus cyanopygius, Vieillot.

This single egg was cut from the trunk of a tall dead tree on
the Black Mountain, near Nymboida, Clarence River, N.S.W., on
1st November, 1898. It took nearly a whole day’s chopping into
the trunk of the tree before the nest was located, and all the time
the climber, who sat ina seat, was suspended by a rope from a
limb above, and he felt quite knocked out by the time he regained
terra firma. The nest was placed 30 feet down the barrel of the
tree, from the hollow at which the bird entered. The nest con-
tained 3 eggs, two of which were unfortunately broken through
the dirt and chips of wood falling into the hollow, notwithstanding
that every precaution had been taken, and wadding was very care-
fully lowered down over the eggs prior to the last chopping. One
rare egg, a perfect specimen. Taken by W. McEnerny and Sid.
W. Jackson. This egg is roundish, and measures in inches =
HECYN pe sities

CRIMSON-WINGED LORY,
Ptistes coctineopterus, Gould.

Taken at Burketown, Gulf of Carpentaria district, Queensland,
by C. Woodlands, on 4th January, 1898. Set of 2 rare eggs.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°27 x 0'g9.

ROSELLA PARROT,
Platycercus eximius, Shaw.
Taken at Myrniong, Victoria, by T. A. Brittlebank, on 7th
October, 1897. Set of 6 eggs.

PALE-HBEADED PARRAKERT,
Platycercus pallidiceps, Vigors.
Taken by C. A. Barnard, at Coomooboolaroo, near Rock-
hampton, Queensland, on 6th September, 1898. Set of 4 eggs.

BLUE-BELLIED LORIKERT,
Trichoglossus nove-hollandie, Gmelin.

This splendid set of 3 eggs was taken froma Red Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus rostrata), six miles from Grafton, Clarence River,
N.S.W., by L. Vesper, J. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson,
on 16th August, 1897. Nest was placed unusually low down, in
a hollow spout, and was only 46 feet from the ground. The eggs
are quite rust-colored from resting on the decayed wood and dirt

’
Ce:

8
7
fi
h
al
a
ay
n
i
it =

5 or at ,

Frank T. A. Jackson up at the nest of
the Blue-bellied Lorikeet.
Loc., near Grafton, Clarence River,
New South Wales.
(See data No. 173.)

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

in the hollow. Set of 3 eggs. The nests of this beautiful parrot we often found great difficulty in
robbing, owing to the great altitude of the hollow in which the eggs were placed, and also the awkward
and dangerous position of it. Even with the aid of my “tree-
climbing ladder” we sometimes experienced much trouble in
getting at the eggs, having often spent the whole day at the one
nest. When laid these eggs are pure white, but soon become
nest-stained, and turn to a rusty color on account of resting on the
dust and decayed wood, so commonly found in the hollows of all
Eucalypti trees. Two eggs form the full complement for a sitting,
three being of very rare occurrence. The illustration on page 25
shows my brother (Frank T. A. Jackson) chopping out the nest
which contained the set under notice (No. 173.) Specimen A.
measures = 1'08 x 0°88.

I Fy
4 a

yay LAGE. Ue RED-COLLARED LORIKEBT,
Trichoglossus vubritorques, V. and H.
Taken on the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, by
C. Woodlands, on 31st July, 1898. Set of 2 rare eggs.

175 465 3 SCALY-BREASTED LORIKEET,
Psitteuteles chlorolepidotus, Kuhl.

Set of 3 eggs; two eggs are usually found. Taken from the
hollow of a horizontal green limb of the Flooded Eucalypt (Zwca-
lyptus rostrata), on the Grafton Common, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
on 23rd August, 1897. Nest was placed at an altitude of 88 feet,
and as the accompanying photograph faithfully shows, the nest was
in the limb just above the tomahawk which my brother is holding.
L. Vesper will be seen on the ladder below my brother. Taken
by L. Vesper, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Much chopping was
done before the eggs were found, and it was most fortunate that
none of them were broken by the chips of wood falling into the
hollow. This lorikeet we found very common in the Clarence
River district, and succeeded in taking over a dozen sets of their
rare eggs. They soon become nest stained, and we have taken
some quite brown. When collecting in the bush on W. Anderson’s
estate at Caramana, near Grafton, on 3oth August, 1893, my
brother (Frank T. A. Jackson) and I had a somewhat interesting
experience with the robbing of a nest of this species. We saw one
of these birds fly from a small round hole in the end of a short
green horizontal limb of a Grey Eucalypt (Lucalyptus punctata),
which was placed about 50 feet from the ground. On climb-
ing up my brother chopped the end of the limb off, and then looked
into the hollow, but could see nothing other than two bright
objects of a phosphorescent or luminous appearance, and resembling
eyes, which glistened down in the dark hollow. Fearing it might

be a snake, he then burnt a piece of magnesium wire and placed
it into the hollow, and imagine our surprise when we found these Frank T. A. Jackson up at the nest of
two bright objects were nothing else but two young birds with the Scaly-breasted Lorikeet.
ome woe ie ; Loc., near Grafton, Clarence River,
their mouths wide open, the latter being coated inside with this New Southiwales’
phosphorescent substance. It was our first experience of this kind, (See data No. 175.)

ALS.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

184

185

No, in

Book.

527

494

497

490

5o9

487

496

467

521

522

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

and to us was a very interesting discovery. This luminous glow in the mouths of the young birds is in
keeping with the general environments, and no doubt is one of nature’s perfect arrangements in assisting
the parent birds in locating and feeding the young in the dark hollow, and so facilitates matters
that they can be safely fed. It seemed to be much brighter at the sides of the mouth, and I have
since noticed this with some of the young of the Gouldian Grass Finch (Poefhila mirabilis), in their
dark dome-shaped nests, in Queensland. ‘The light resembles very much the glow which is given off
by that well known luminous fungus, or mushroom of the forests, which is known to us as Pleurotus
tlluminans. Probably this peculiarity exists also with the young of other Parrots, and also Pardalotes,
Bee Eaters, Kingfishers, etc., which lay their eggs in dark places. Specimen A. of the clutch

measures = I'02 X 0°77.
SWIFT LORIKEBRBT,

Nanodes dtscolor, Shaw.
Taken on 1st August, 1895, near Gerrymberrym, South Grafton, N.S.W., in a Eucalyptus tree,
leaning over the edge of the swamp. ‘Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Set of 2 eggs. We only
found the nest of this bird on three occasions, in the Clarence River district.

CRIMSON PARRAKEBRT,
Platycercus elegans, Gmelin.
Taken at Myrniong, Victoria, by T. A. Brittlebank, on 22nd September, 1898. Set of 7 eggs.

YELLOW PARRAKERT,
Platycercus flaveolus, Gould.
A single egg taken by J. W. Mellor, at Fulham, near Adelaide, South Australia, on 29th Aug., 1893.

BLACK-TAILED PARRAKERT,
Polytelis melanura, Vigors.
A single egg, taken in the Wimmera district, Victoria, during October, 1898. Received from
A. J. Campbell.
MALLEE PARRAKEBRT,
Barnardius barnardi, Latham.
Set of 3 eggs, one chipped, through a piece of wood falling into the nest while it was being cut out.
Taken by H. Scotney, at Harriman Park Station, South-west Queensland, on 28th September, 1899.

COCKATOO PARRAKERT,
Calopsittacus nove-hollandie, Gmelin.
Set of 6 eggs, taken by H. Scotney, near Cunnamulla, South-west Queensland, on 1st October, 1897.

ADELAIDE ROSELLA,
Platycercus adelaide, Gould.
Taken from the hollow limb of a tree near Reed Beds, South Australia, by T. J. Howard, on 26th

September, 1898. Set of 4 eggs.
MUSK LORIKEBRT,

Glossopsittacus concinnus, Shaw.
Splendid set of 4 eggs, taken by S. Robinson at Glenella, Blue Monntains, N.S.W., on 3rd

September, 1897.
BLUE-WINGED GRASS PARRAKERT,

Neophema venusta, Temminck.
Taken at Bothwell, near Hobart, Tasmania, by A. W. Swindells, on 21st November, 1899. Perfect
set of 6 eggs. Bird killed from nest for identification.

GRASS PARRAKEBT,
Neophema elegans, Gould.
Taken by W. White, at Port Augusta, Flinder’s Range, South Australia, on August 11th, 1895.
Set of 2 eggs.

to
~

No. in
J

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No Book. y

186 519
187 514
188 513
189 523
190 515
191 518
192 471
193 469

ze5.

2
2

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

RED-BACKED PARRAKEBRT,
Psephotus hematonotus, Gould.
Taken by J. Hill, at Murtoa, Victoria, on 24th July, 1893. Set of 2 eggs. I saw many of these
beautiful birds on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., where I understand they breed freely.

RED-VENTED PARRAKEET,
Psephotus hematorrhous, Gould.
Clutch of 5 eggs, taken by J. Hill at Kewell, Victoria, on 11th November, 1893.

YELLOW-VENTED PARRAKEBRBT,
Psephotus santhorrhous, Gould.
Taken at Kewell, Victoria, on roth September, 1894. A single egg. I have never been able to

obtain a full set of the eggs of this species.

ORANGE-BELLIED GRASS
PARRAKERT,
Neophema chrysogastra, Latham.

Taken by W. White at Reed Beds, near Ade-
laide, South Australia, on 30th November, 1898.
A single egg.

BEAUTIFUL PARRAKERET,
Psephotus pulcherrimus, Gould

Taken by C. A. Barnard, near Rockhampton,
Queensland, zoth May, 1896. The egg was
deposited at the end of a tunnel, which the birds
had made into a hillock or mound of the White
Ant (Termites), situated on the ground.

MANY-COLOURED PARRAKEBRT,
Psephotus multicolor, Temminck.

Taken by W. White, at Yorke’s Peninsula,
South Australia, on 29th August, 1898. Set of 3 eggs.
As usual the eggs were placed in the hollow limb
of a tree.

BLUE-FACED LORILET,
Cyclopsittacus maccoyi, Gould.

This very rare pair of eggs was taken from a
hollow bough of an old Scrub Fig tree (Ficus), near
Cairns, Queensland, by W. Burton, on 18th
October, 1899. The eggs of this species appear to
be represented in very few collections.

LITTLE LORIKEBT.
Glossopsittacus pusillus, Shaw.
Set of 4 eggs, nest-stained. Taken from the

Frank T. A, Jackson climbing to a nest of the Little
Lorikeet.
Loc., Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence River, N.S.W.

(See data No. 193.)

spout of a Red Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata), and at an altitude of 76 feet. Taken by J. McEnerny,
L. Vesper, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, near Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence River district, N.S.W., on 21st
October, 1894. Altogether we found several sets of eggs of this beautiful Lorikeet, and most of the nests

were placed in the hollows of round green knobs, projecting out from the limbs of the various Eucalyptus

trees. The eggs varied from two to four for a sitting. The accompanying photograph shows my

brother, Frank T. A. Jackson, climbing to the nest of this bird, by chopping steps into the tree with

a tomahawk, and holding on by a green vine which has been placed around the trunk, after the fashion

of the aborigines, at which he was an expert.

194

195

196

197

198

No. in

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

Book. Eggs.
528 4
468 2
525 a
462 4
462 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WARBLING GRASS PARRAKEBET,
Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw.
Taken from the hollow limb of a tree, by J. W. Mellor, at Fulham, South Australia, on 11th

November, 1896. Set of 4 eggs. These are the smallest eggs laid by any Australian parrot. Specimen
A. measures = 0°70 x 0°56.

PURPLE-CROWNED LORIKEET,
Glossopsittacus porphyvocephalus, Dietrichsen.

This pair of eggs was taken by W. White, at Dingo Creek, Flinder’s Range, South Australia, on
24th September, 1894.

RED-SHOULDERED GRASS PARRAKEET,
Neophema pulchella, Shaw.
Taken by Frank T. A. Jackson and W. McEnerny, at Lavadia, near South Grafton, Clarence
River, N.S.W., on 15th August, 1897. Set of 2 eggs. Nest was very difficult to get at, and was placed
at an altitude of 60 feet in an Iron-bark Eucalypt (Eucalyptus siderophloia).

SWAMP COUCAL,
Centropus phasianus, Latham.

Taken by C. Woodlands, on the banks of the Nicholson River, Gulf of Carpentaria district, North-
west Queensland, on roth October, 1898. Set of 4 eggs. These eggs are much larger than those I
have taken in the Clarence River district of New South Wales; an average specimen in this set
measures in inches 1°59 x 1°26, while an average Clarence River specimen in the following set measures
1'45 xX 111. I once found the eggs of this bird laid in an old nest of the Babbler (Pomatorhinus
temporalis), which had been made flat by the Coucals pulling the top sticks and twigs away. The nest
in question was built in a low tree near the Grafton Racecourse. The nests of the Coucal take a lot
of hunting to find, as they are often so well hidden in the large patches of long grass reeds and weeds,
etc., and necessitate much walking about and exploration before you have the luck to drop across one.
The nest simply consists of the grass trampled down into a platform shape, about 5 or 6 inches above
the ground, and is usually lined with the leaves of the Blood-wood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus corymbosa),
when procurable ; then again other leaves are used, such as those of the Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus
vobusta.) The top portions of the grass are drawn over, and the bird sits in its bower-like nest with
its head out one side and the long tail the other. The young on leaving the shell are covered with
white down, and remain in the nest sometimes for over two weeks. They frequent damp localities,
which are overgrown with long grasses, etc., where they capture their food, which consists chiefly of
grasshoppers, caterpillars, coleoptera, and other obnoxious insects, and the amount of these things they
consume is amazing. Specimens dissected by me have been full of these pests, so the Coucal can
safely be placed on the list of our insectivorous birds, and as one of the most useful. It is a poor flier,
and, like the Lyre Bird, it has to ascend by a succession of hops up some small tree or leaning stump
in order to fly, from the top of which it renders its peculiar bark-like note, and then clumsily flies
down in a slanting direction to the desired spot. On the ground it is at home, and can run fast, and
gets through the lung grass and weeds with great rapidity. During November 1903 I was much
surprised to see this bird in the grass and reed beds behind Long Reef Point, north of Manly, near
Sydney ; it is indeed rare to see it so far south, and during the season 1905 a nest containing 4 eggs
was found in the latter locality, but was not taken, and the birds were given the opportunity of rearing
their four young ones. This is the only Cuckoo in Australia which builds its own nest, and rears and
attends to its young. I found it very common in the Richmond River district in 1899.

Taken 6 miles up the Clarence River, above Grafton, N.S.W., on 19th November, 1894, by Frank
and Sid. W. Jackson. Nest was built near the river bank, in long Blady grass (/mferata arundinacea),
and contained 3 eggs. I found the nest by noticing the bird leave a tall clump of grass, and this I
was enabled to do, as I was perched high up ina River Oak tree (Casuarina Cunninghamiana) at the

A. J.
Data Campbell's No of

Eggs.

No.

199

200

No. in
J

Book.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

time, robbing the rare nests of the Snake-necked Darter (Plotus nove-hollandie.) We have taken five
sets of Coucals eggs in the Clarence River district. These eggs I find have always a thin coating of
lime over them, the shell beneath being of a pure white. The note of this bird is very like the distant
bark of a dog, and is kept up each time for about twelve seconds, and graduating from low to high
notes, and vice versa. Specimen A. measures = 1°45 X 1°11. Specimen B. measures = 1°45 X 1°14.
Specimen C, measures = 1°40 x 1°06.

DOLLAR BIRD,
Eurystomus australis, Swainson.

This beautiful clutch of 4 eggs was taken by W. McEnerny and Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on
13th November, 1897. Nest was placed in a hollow spout of a giant Eucalypt, near Alipou Scrub,
South Grafton, N.S.W., and at an altitude of over go feet. We have found many of these nests in
years past, and took several sets of the eggs, but the birds generally build in such dangerous positions
that it often renders it impossible for any person to get within arms reach ofthe nest. With us in
Australia this bird usually puts in its appearance after a storm, during the early part of October, and
departs again very often with a storm in February. During the recent visit of the Japanese warships
to Sydney (1906), one of the officers
informed me that these Dollar Birds
are often to be seen in thousands
on some of the mountains in Japan,
and no doubt all our birds migrate
there. Each season they seem to
be getting more numerous with us
here, yet, nevertheless, their eggs
are hard to get, and that is simply
because they select such very tall
and inaccessible trees to nest in. I
find that a very good imitation of
the note of this bird can be produced
by rolling together, on a sheet of
wadding, two of their eggs (blown),
and at the same time gently knock-
ing them against each other. I found
it out quite accidentally as I was

busily engaged arranging the eggs in

NEST OF THE SPINE-TAILED LOG RUNNER.
Loc., Don Dorrigo Scrubs, N.S.W.
(See data No, 200.)

the cabinet. Two to three eggs, we
found, usually formed the sitting, and
not four. ‘They are minutely pitted
all over. Specimen A. measures = 1°33 x 1°07. Specimen B. measures = 1°33 x 1°06. Specimen
C. measures = 1°32 X 1'07. Specimen D. measures = 1°29 x I'IO.

SPINE-TAILED LOG RUNNER,
Orthonyx spinicauda, Temminck.

This is an interesting set of 2 eggs, on account of them having been taken from the nest close to
that of the Afvichia rufescens. (See illustration of the nest in A. J. Campbell’s book, page 252.) Taken
by Sid. W. Jackson and party, at Bulabulah Creek, in the Don Dorrigo Scrubs of the Upper Bellinger
River district of N.S.W., on 20th October, 1898. We have found over thirty of the nests, and have
taken upwards of ten sets of these eggs in the northern scrubs of N.S.W., and they have always appeared
to me as being very large for such a small bird. The eggs are now becoming very rare. The nests of
this species are dome-shaped, with an entrance at the side, and are chiefly constructed of green moss,

201

202

203

204

205

206

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

Book. Eggs.
577 4
575 4
574 S
574 3
574 4
579 = 6

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

sticks and dead leaves, and are easily overlooked and passed by, as they harmonize so much with the
general surroundings on the ground. They are placed ina variety of situations—some at the foot of
trees, and very neatly concealed between the buttresses at the roots, or up against an old log or under
a fern, and many found during our visit to the Don Dorrigo scrubs of N.S.W., in October, 1898, were
placed in masses of a flat green ribbon-like grass or sedge (Gahnia sp.), which was very plentiful near
the creeks and damp parts of the scrub. The birds are always on the ground, and they make a great
noise when busy scratching the masses of leaves in quest of food, and to hear one thus engaged a person
would imagine it was a Scrub Turkey at work, and not this small quail-like Orthonyx. As soon asa
person enters a scrub these birds give their shrill and very loud alarm-like notes, and the whole scrub
re-echoes with the noise, and no other birds can be heard. ‘Two eggs always formed the sitting, and in
shape they varied from elliptical to elongated ovals.. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°16 x 1°80,
Specimen B. measures = 1°13 X 0°80.

Drawer EF.

RED-NECKED RAIL,
Rallina tricolor, Gray.
Taken by C. Woodlands, on the bank of the Nicholson River, Queensland, on 11th November,
1896. Set of 4 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1°54 x 1°18.

PECTORAL RAIL,
Hypotenidia philippinensis, Linnzeus.
Taken at Pearce’s Creek, Booyong, Richmond River, N.S.W., on 9th November, 1899, by Sid.
W. Jackson. Set of 4 eggs. This bird often lays as many as seven eggs. Specimen A. measures =
I°44 X 1:08.

SLATE-BREASTED RAIL,
HHypotenidia brachypus, Swainson.
Taken at Alipou Creek, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on 31st July,
1892. Set of 3 eggs. We found these birds and their eggs very rare in the latter locality.

Taken by M. W. Harrison, at Risdon, near Hobart, Tasmania, on 17th October, 1897. Set of 3
eggs.

Taken by M. W. Harrison, at Risdon, Tasmania, on 6th October, 1900, This isa beautifully
blotched clutch, and is much more heavily marked than the two former sets. Set of 4 eggs. Specimen
A. measures = 1°37 x 1°06.

SPOTTED CRAKE,
Porzana fluminea, Gould.
This beautiful clutch of six rare eggs was taken from the reeds in a swamp near Hobart, Tasmania,
by M. W. Harrison, on 19th November, 1898. This is the only set I have ever seen. Specimen A.

measures = 1°28 x 0°94.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. «

207

No. in

A.J

Book

580

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

LITTLE CRAKE,
Porzana palustris, Gould.

This fine clutch of 6 eggs, which the accompanying photograph shows in the nest, was taken
on Duck Swamp, Dallinga, South Grafton, Clarence River, New South Wales, on 1st January, 1895,
by A. Amos, Frank, and Sid. W. Jackson. We found several nests and sets of eggs on the latter date,
and the eggs varied from three to six for a sitting. The nests were all built ina long swamp weed,
which is well known as Burney or Smart Grass (Polygonum lapathifolium), and this was growing in water
about six inches deep. We hada dog with us, and he was the means of finding most of the nests.
During my residence of nine years in the Clarence River district, I only found these birds breeding on
this one occasion. An average specimen of this set measures in inches = 1°04 x 0°78.

WHITEH-BROWED

CRAKE,
Poliolimnas cinereus,

Vieillot.
Set of 3 eggs, taken in
the Nicholson River dis-
trict, North-west (Queens-
land, by C. Woodlands, on
3rd January, 1897. These
appear to be rare eggs in
collections, and, as far as I
am able to ascertain, this is
the only clutch that has been
taken in Australia. The
nest was built in grass and
reeds on the edge of a
Mangrove Swamp, and near

a locality where the Jabirus
breed regular every season.

NEST AND CLUTCH QF SIX EGGS OF THE LITTLE CRAKE,

Eggs in other collections Loc., Duck Swamp, Clarence River, N S.W.

have been taken in Borneo, (See data No, 207.)

and the specimens in the

collection of A. J. Campbell, of Melbourne, were received from the late Dr. Kiitter, of Germany. The
late John Gould, writing on this species, says :—‘‘ As the nests and eggs of this species have not yet
been discovered, they form some of the desidevata to which I would call the attention of the rising
ornithologists of Australia, and I can assure them that the study of the eggs will greatly assist them in
assigning the birds to which they belong to their proper genus.” (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 750.)
An egg of this set measures = 1°10 x 0°87.

TASMANIAN SWAMP QUAIL,
Synacus diemenensis, Gould.

Taken at New Town, near Hobart, Tasmania, by M. W. Harrison, on 7th January, 1899. Set of
13 eggs. These eggs are larger and more heavily blotched than those of Synarcus australis. Specimen
A. measures 1°26 X O'Q9.

BROWN QUAIL,
Synacus australis, Temminck.
Set of 9 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Caramana, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on

gth November, 1893. Nest built in long grass, near the edge of a swamp. Specimen A. measures =
I'rIs xX 0°96.

No. Book.
211 —
212 561
213 568
214 = 565
215 570°
216 566
217-567
218 572

No. in

AJ.
Data Campbell’s No. of

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

NORTHERN SWAMP QUAIL,
Synacus cervinus, Gould.
(Sp. 490, Gould's Handbook.)
Taken on the grassy banks of the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on
17th August, 1897. Set of 3 eggs, almost devoid of markings.

STUBBLE QUAIL,
Coturnix pectoralis, Gould.
Clutch of 9 eggs, taken at Riverview, near Grafton, N.S.W., on 9th December, 1896. These birds
seem to confine themselves to cultivated areas of land; every nest I have seen has been built in a crop
of oats, pannican grass, or lucerne. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson. Specimen A. measures = 1.22 x 0°92.

PAINTED QUAIL,
Turnix varia, Latham.
Taken from under a tuft of grass, at the side of a track up a mountain opposite “ Ashleigh,” at
Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., on gth December, rg05. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson. Set of 4 eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 1°22 x 0°88.

CHESTNUT-BELLIED OR KING QUAIL,
Excalfactoria lineata, Scopoli.

Beautiful clutch of 5 eggs, of the light green ground colour variety, taken in the lucerne paddock
on S. Trimble’s farm at Booyong, Richmond River scrubs, N.S.W., on 26th October, 1899. This is
the first set of these eggs I have taken of the green ground variety, all others having been of the usual
yellowish green or olive ground. Taken by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson. I have also found
these birds in the swampy localities at Dee Why, north of Manly, near Sydney, where they were at
one time very common. Specimen A. measures = 1°02 x 0°77.

RED-CHESTED QUAIL,
Turnix pyrrhothorax, Gould.

Taken by C. Reid and Sid. W. Jackson, at Beatson’s yards, Hawthorneville, South Grafton,
N.S.W., on 17th December, 1893. Set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. of this rare clutch of eggs measures
= 0°95 x 0°76.

BLACK-BACKED QUAIL,
Turnix maculosa, Temminck.

This set of 4 eggs was really the commencement of the “ Jacksonian Oological Collection,” as they
are the first eggs I collected of our native birds, and it was through possessing this clutch that I was
first induced to start a collection. This set was taken by me at the South Pine River, north-east of
Brisbane, Queensland, on 20th December, 1883, the nest being built of grass and placed on the ground
in a field of what is locally known about Brisbane as “ pannican grass.” The eggs are unfortunately
end blown, but nevertheless they are perfect specimens, and the holes are hard to detect, as they were
very neatly made. I have seen these birds often in the Clarence River district of N.S.W., and found
the eggs on three occasions ; one nest was placed at the foot of a Castor Oil tree (Ricinus COMMUNI),
near Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W. Specimen A. measures = 1°97 x 0°75.

BLACK-BREASTED QUAIL,
Turnix melanogaster, Gould.

A pair of eggs taken at Gerrymberrym, near Grafton, Clarence River, by W. Anderson and Sid.
W. Jackson, on 13th November, 1892. These are the only eggs of this bird which I have been fortu-
nate enough to take. Specimen A. measures = 1'13 x 0°88.

WHITE-BELLIED QUAIL,
Turntx leucogaster, North,

Taken by C. E. Cowle, on the Finke River, Central Australia, during August, 1899. Specimen

A. measures = 0°97 X 0°77.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
Eggs.

No.

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

No. in

Book.
57!

637

600

611

614

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

LITTLE QUAIL,
Turnix velox, Gould.

Set of 4 eggs, taken by S. Robinson, at Noorama, near Cunnamulla, Queensland, on 24th Sep-
tember, 1903. I found many nests and eggs of this species near Toowoomba, Queensland, during
July, August, and September in 1889, and found them in the grounds of the Toowoomba Grammar
School in 1884. Specimen A. measures = 0°90 x 0°73.

PAINTED SNIPE,
Rostratula australis, Gould.
This magnificent clutch of 4 eggs was taken at Buckiinguy Station, Western New South Wales, by
J. Watson, on 2oth October, 1898. This is the only full clutch of these rare and handsome eggs that
I have ever seen, and they are among the most beautiful laid by our Australian birds. Specimen A.
measures = 1°42 X I‘ol.

This is a very heavily blotched pair of eggs, the markings being jet black. They are smaller and
more pointed than the four former specimens in set No. 220. Taken by Sid. Coady, at Molly Station,
Western N. S. Wales, on 3rd November, 1894. It seems remarkable that so many of our swamp birds
resort to the western parts of New South Wales to breed.

Before leaving the Snipe family it may be of interest to mention that our well-known Jack Snipe,
or Longbills ( Gad/inago australis), of the sportsman do not breed here, as one might expect, but migrate
every year to Japan for the purpose. It has been found breeding on the grassy flats at the foot of
Mount Fuji-Yama, at an elevation of 3000 feet above the sea, and also in other localities in that province.
Mount Fuji-Yama is 12,500 feet to its summit, and is now an extinct volcano.

RED-KNEED DOTTBRELL,
Lyrythrogonys cinctus, Gould.

Beautiful clutch of 4 eggs, taken by S. Robinson at Opher Creek, South-west Queensland, on 8th
November, 1898. I took one set of these eggs while at Grafton, New South Wales. Specimen A.
measures = 1.22 x 0°86.

RED-CAPPED DOTTERELL,
Egtialitis ruficapilla, Temminck.

Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, on Duck Swamp, near Grafton, N.S.W., on roth October, 1897.

Beautiful set of 3 eggs.

Taken near Hobart, Tasmania, by M. W. Harrison, on 6th January, 1895. Set of 2 eggs. The
eges in this set are of a very pale ground colour as compared with the former set, No. 223. I quite
recently had the pleasure of again seeing these pretty birds on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W.,
and where I understand they breed among the water-worn stones or shingle on the sides of the Upper
Hunter River. The eggs are at all times difficult to find owing to their similarity to the ground and
stones around them. Specimen A. measures = 1°22 X 0°92.

DOTTERELL,
Peltohyas australis, Gould.
One single yet perfect specimen of this very interesting bird’s egg. It was taken near a dam by
one of C, French’s collectors, in the interior of New South Wales, on 3rd January, 1893. This is the
only egg I have ever seen of this species. This egg measures = 1°52 x I'05.

BLACK-FRONTED DOTTERELL,
-Egialitis melanops, Vieillot.
Taken by A. Amos, on the ground at the edge of Parra Swamp, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on
23rd September, 1894. Set of 2 eggs, one very heavily marked.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
Eggs.

No.
227

228

229

230

231

232

233

No. in

Book.

612

613

595

594

573

610

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Set of 2 eggs, taken from among broken lumps of dried mud, on the edge of Parra Swamp, near
Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on gth November, 1895. Eggs were all covered
with dry mud when found.

Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Caramana, Clarence River, N.S.W., 12th March,
1897. The birds were numerous about the Clarence River swamps, and we found many of their eggs
there. I have known this bird to even roll its eggs in mud, no doubt with the view of protecting them
from observation, for when dry they exactly resembled the ground upon which they were deposited.
Only quite recently a very interesting case respecting this active little bird was brought under my notice
by a friend, for whom I can vouch for the authenticity of the story, He stated that on the roof of
one of the sheds, on a large sheep station near Cunnamulla, South-west Queensland, a pair of these
birds had selected a most peculiar site for their nest, the eggs actually being laid on the accumulated
sand and dirt in the guttering on the roof of the shed, and the hen sat thereon quite contented in her
elevated position. [tis indeed very strange that this species, above all others, should associate itself
with those of our other domestic bird pets, and is the only case of the kind that I have yet heard of.
Specimen A. measures = 1°06 x 0°82.

HOODED DOTTERELL,
vEgialitis cucullata, Vieillot.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by D. Le. Souef, on King Island, Bass Straits, on 18th October, 18go.
Specimen A. measures = 1°45 x I'04.

ORIENTAL PRATINCOLE,
Glareola ortentalis, Leach.

This rare egg was taken from the edge of Duck Swamp, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on
29th October, 1898, by Sid. W. Jackson. The bird was watched for a considerable time by the aid of
field glasses before the nest was located. It answered Gould’s description correctly, and to make sure
of no error, the egg was forwarded to G. A. Keartland, in Melbourne, to compare it with specimens
taken in Pegu, Lower Burmah, and it proved to be quite correct. This is the first and only egg of this
bird, so far as is known, that has ever been taken in Australia. The egg was laid on a dried up belt of
ground on the border of the above swamp, and had incubation about three days old. G. A. Keartland,
of Melbourne, saw great flocks of these birds near North-west Australia, in 1897, and procured several
skins at the Fitzroy River there, yet the eggs in his collection came from Akyab, Burmah, where they
were collected in 1885. This egg measures in inches = 1°26 x ovgr.

PRATINCOLE,
Stiltia tsabella, Vieillot.

One egg, taken on the edge of a dry belt of swamp land, at Caramana, South Grafton, N.S.W., on
30th October, 1898, by Sid. W. Jackson. I never saw this rare species in the locality before, and
the Pratincoles are, therefore, quite strangers in the Clarence River district. This egg measures =
1°23 X 0°92.

PLAIN WANDERER,
Pedtonomus torquatus, Gould.

This set of 3 rare eggs was taken by Chas. Gabriel, in a paddock at St. Arnaud, Victoria, on 6th
November, 1900. These eggs are now very scarce, and several collectors of many years standing still
have them on their lists of desiderafa. The eggs are very pyriform, Specimen A. measures = 1°22
x 0°94.

RINGED DOTTERELL,
Egialitis hiaticola, Liunus.

Set of 2 eggs, taken in Swordle, Scotland on 28th April, 1883. Do not breed in Australia.

Specimen A. measures = 1°41 X 1°03.

Data
No

234

235

236

238

No. in

A. J. ;
Campbell's No. of

Book.

626

596

Eges

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

COMMON SANDPIPER,
Tringoides hypoleucus, Linnzus.
Set of 4 eggs, taken in Northumberland, England, by W. Tristram, on 24th May, 1899. Do not
breed in Australia. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°47 x 1°03,
COMB-CRESTED PARRA.

- Lydralector gallinaceus, Temminck.
(The Parra is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as the Adid-a-warra.)
Taken on Parra Swamp, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 19th November, 1894,
by Sid. W. Jackson. Nest was placed 18 feet from the edge of the swamp, and built on weeds in
water four feet deep. Set of 4 eggs.

This set was taken at Caramana Swamp, South Gratton, opposite W. Anderson’s homestead, and
contained 4 eggs, two of which have only a few markings, and make the clutch look very odd. Taken
by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on 1st January, 1895. The nest was situated fully 100 yards from the
edge of the swamp, and
built in a mass of large
floating Water-lily leaves
(Nymphaea stellata.) Set
of 4 eggs. Specimen A.
measures = 1°13 X 0°85.

This is a very hand-
some clutch of 4 eggs, and
is the best marked set I
have evertaken. The nest
was built in a mass of the
floating leaves of the small
white Water Lily (Marsi-
fea), on the top end of
Caramana Swamp, - near

Gerrymberrym, Clarence

River, N.S.W., on 4th NEST AND EGGS OF THE PARRA,

On Caramana Swamp, Clarence River, N.S.W. The eggs will be found just below
the white cross.

Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. (See data No. 237.)

January, 1897. Taken by

The white cross, which I

have placed in the accompanying illustration, is just above the nest containing the four eggs. It will
be noticed that the lily leaves, in shape, resemble a set of four eggs, on account of the petals being so
pyriform. Specimen A. measures = 1°19 x o'8s.

This is a very dark clutch of four, and was taken by A. Amos and Frank T. A. Jackson on Parra
Swamp, near the White Bridge, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 27th October, 1892, and is one of the first
sets that passed into my possession. During January of 1891 I found a small portion of shell of a
Parra’s egg in the mud on the edge of a swamp near Grafton, and the curious markings on it set me
thinking, and I made investigations at once, and the duck shooters informed me that it belonged to the
long-toed Cobweb bird, or Parra. I then communicated with the Sydney Museum on the matter, and
received particulars ve the bird and its habits and eggs, etc., and was informed that they built their
nests on the swamps, and laid four handsome eggs. The latter information was encouraging, and con-
firmed that supplied to me by the duck shooters. It was not long before I had luck, and early in 1892
forwarded a set to the latter institution, which the Curator was very pleased to receive. For my notes
on this bird also, see A. J. Campbell’s book on “‘ Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds,” page 774, and
the accompanying illustration of nest, etc. The eggs are undoubtedly among the most remarkable in

No. in [HE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

esc St
the world. The Parra is also found frequenting the swamps on the coast of Queensland, and was
plentiful at one time about Rockhampton. In the Clarence River district I found that it starts to lay
in October, and the breeding season lasts on up till the end of January, but there are times when it is
somewhat altered, as often the general conditions of the rains have much influence in that respect, and

thus govern the seasons to a certain extent. The Clarence River is its most southern limit.

The nests are difficult to find, notwithstanding their conspicuous situation, and I have sat for hours
at a stretch watching the birds’ manceuvres as they walked about on the reeds and floating vegetation
in the swamp. We have seen them try to sink their nest a little, and the eggs are then resting quite in
the water, and to do this both birds stand on the nest together as they see you approaching it. After
they have accomplished this remarkable performance one bird (¢) flies away to the very end of the
swamp, uttering his cry “ wis-wis-wis-wis ” as he proceeds ; the other bird (9), in the meantime, walks
along in a crouched position on the reeds and floating leaves, etc., flapping her wings on the water as
she proceeds, and thus giving a person the impression that they are broken. We have also noticed

that the Parra, when sitting on the nest, pretends to be feeding if any person is near, or cattle wade out
near her. The nest is

not built in reeds, but
on thick clumps of float-
ing aquatic plants and
Water Lily leaves, and
mostly along the edges
of the swamps, about
twenty or thirty feet from
the margin; yet there
are times, however, when
they are placed almost
in the middle of the
swamp, and itall depends
on the positionand quan-
tity of the vegetation
therein. The nest is a
small structure, com-
posed of fresh green

herbage and weeds, and
measures nine inches

THE HOME OF THE COMB-CRESTED PARRA.
across, and is much (Note the Nest and Bird among the large Water Lilies.)
smaller and cleaner than

is the case with those of the Black-throated Grebe (Podicifes nove-hollandia.) The eggs are always
placed with the pointed ends turned inwards, and are usually four in number for a sitting, though on
two occasions we have taken five eggs from each nest. One of the illustrations accompanying this
description shows an unusually large and elongated egg of this species, and is one of a set of five (No.
238a); the ground colour, instead ot being yellowish-olive, is of a dirty or dull white, like that of a
Grebe, but is covered with the same characteristic black wavy lines as those of the Parras. Iam of
opinion that this egg is probably the result of a cross between a Parra and a Black-throated Grebe, as
the latter were breeding on the same swamp as the Parras. This large egg measures = 1°47 X 0°93.
The eggs are hard to see even when you are quite close to them, and it is the intense gloss they possess
that first catches your eye, and thus assists you in their location. The bird sometimes selects swamps
during breeding season, which are covered with the large and superb Blue Water Lilies (Nymphaea
stellata), the large floating leaves of which are ample foot hold or “stepping stones” for it; it is not
web-footed, yet I have never seen it leave the swamps ; and the most remarkable feature about it is the

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

238A

. io

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

extremely long toes (six inches and a half from back to front) and toe-nails which it possesses ; with
these it is enabled to travel with great rapidity over weeds and other floating afquatic herbage on the
swamps and fresh water creeks. It isa grand spectacle to watch these curious birds parading among
the bright and handsome blooms of the giant blue Water Lilies on the swamps, etc., as my brother
and I have frequently had the pleasure of witnessing, during our residence in the Clarence River district
of North-eastern New South Wales.

The illustration showing the large blue Water Lilies and the nest and bird, is from a photograph
which I succeeded in taking one very windy day during November of 1897, but only after standing
nearly four hours ina swamp, and up to my waist in mud and water, to say nothing of the stings I
received from the various fresh water insects, etc.

Having found the
nest, placed in such a
magnificent position, I
decided not to lose the
golden opportunity, and
made up my mind to
photograph it, and after
a long walk home got
my camera and tripod,
and also a_ preserved
specimen of the Parra
itself, which latter I
placed on a large lily
leaf near the nest. When
the wind had consider-

ably abated, the photo-
graph was taken, two
exposures of 4 seconds T. A. Brittlebank and F. T .A. Jackson hunting for the nests of the Parra, on
each being finally made Caramana Swamp, Clarence River, N.S.W.

after six o'clock p.m.

The eggs of this curious bird are glossy and very handsome, the bizarre markings on them consisting
of a labyrinth of black and dark yellowish-olive lines, turning and twisting in every conceivable
direction, on a grcund colouring which varies from yellowish to yellowish-olive, and possess quite a hand-
painted appearance. It was the eggs of this species which so greatly
interested His Excellency, Lord Northcote, G.C.M.G., G.C.S.I,
C.B., Governor-General of Australia, and His Excellency Sir Harry
H. Rawson, K.C.B., etce., State Governor of New South Wales, during
their inspection of this collection at Federal Government House,
Sydney, on the 18th August, 1904. I have from time to time helped
many collections with these handsome eggs. Specimen A. of the
clutch under notice measures = 1°18 x o'84.

This set of five eggs contains the very large specimen which I
have already mentioned in the above notes on the Parra. This
splendid clutch was taken on Duck Swamp, South Grafton, New
South Wales, by A. Amos and Sid. W. Jackson, on 20th November,
1894. Four eggs of this interesting set are of the normal size, shape,

and markings, etc., but specimen E is most extraordinary, and very Jarge and remarkable egg of the

appears decidedly foreign to the others of the set, and as already Parra, found with clutch Data No.
5 A 2 , ° 239A.

stated is of a very dull greenish white, and rather like a freshly_laid (Natural Size).

239

240

241

No, in

ook,

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No of
No. B

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

egg of the Black-throated Grebe (Podiciges nove-hollandia). It is very glossy, and well marked all over
with the same black wavy lines as on those of the Parra; in all probability it is the result of a cross
between the two species, as these Grebes are very
common on Duck Swamp, where this clutch was found.
On the very extremity of the larger end of this egg,
there isa clear space, upon which a perfect figure 2
is portrayed, which also resembles a swan if carefully
examined.

Strange markings on broad end of the large Parra's egg

Accompanying these partic i ize
panying p ulars is a natural size (Natural Size.)

drawing, showing these marks, and has been made
looking directly at the larger end of the egg.

The five eggs in this set give the following
measurements :—

Specimen A. = 1'13 x 0°82.
5 B. = 117 X 0780.
5 (Gp Sn) Se opty

A Di = i:20)-x (0°83.
The normal shape and size of the eggs of the Parra.

» E. = 1°47 x 0°93 (large egg.) (See data No. 238A.)

Drawer FE".

GREY GOSHAWK,
Astuy cinereus, Vieillot.

This set of 2 rare Goshawks’ eggs was taken near F. Mott’s homestead at Byron Bay, N.S.W., by
W. McEnerny, W. M. Parker, and Sid. W. Jackson, on 20th December, 1899. Nest was rather large
for the size of the bird, and as usual was composed of sticks, and lined inside with several layers of
green Eucalyptus leaves, and was placed in a tall Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalypius corymbosa) at an
altitude of 60 feet. The eggs had incubation about four days old. Specimen A. measures in inches
= 2°02) X 1°62.

WHITE GOSHAWK,
Astuy nove hollandie, Gmelin.

Taken by C. Woodlands, from a tall Eucalypt near Burketown, Gulf of Carpentaria district, North
west Queensland, on 16th January, 1898. The nest was a large stick structure, and thickly lined inside
with a mass of green Eucalyptus leaves, and contained this handsome clutch of two eggs. We found a
nest of this beautiful bird in the Don Dorrigo scrubs, N.S.W., during October of 1898, and after a
climb of over go feet up a tall Hoop Pine tree (Avaucaria Cunninghamit), we found it to contain only
two young birds. (See A. J. Campbell's book, page 5.) Specimen A. measuresin inches = 1°97
1°50. Specimen B. measures = 2'02 x 1°59.

LESSER WHITE GOSHAWK,
Astur nove hollandte leucosomus, Sharpe.

Taken in the Nicholson River district, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on 28th August,
1899. Nest very like that of Astur nove hcllandi@, Eggs, two in number, roundish ovals, and much

Data
No.

242

244

245

240

247

No. in

AJ.
Campbell's
Rook.

No. of
Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

smaller than those of the latter. This set is boldly blotched with reddish brown, but the markings
are not numerous. Both the latter clutches are marked very much alike; the size of the eggs is the
principal distinction. They are mentioned in a foot note in A. J. Campbell’s book, on page 6.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°85 X 1°52. Specimen B. measures in inches = 1°87 x 1°47.

LESSER GOSHAWK,
Astuy cruentus, Gould.
Taken by collector engaged by G. A. Keartland, at the Fitzroy River, North-west Australia, on
16th August, 1898. Perfect set of 2 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1°82 x 1°45.

GOSHAWKE,
Astur approximans, V. and H.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by A. H. Riggall, at Ross, Tasmania, on the roth October, 1893. We have
seen this bird in the Clarence River district, but never found any of their nests there. However, in
the rich scrubs at Booyong, near Lismore, in November 1899, W. McEnerny and I found two nests of
this species placed in the tall Booyong trees (Tarrietia actincphylia), and at an altitude of fully ninety
feet. In these scrubs we frequently heard the Atvichia imitating the notes of this Goshawk to perfection.
Specimen A. of the set under notice measures = 1°93 x 1°48.

SPARROW HAWKE,
Accipiter cirrhocephalus, Vieillot.

Beautiful clutch of three eggs, taken from a tall Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), on Blanch’s
Ridge, Clarenza, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on 7th October, 1894. Nest was placed ona
horizontal limb at an altitude of 86 feet. Taken by J. McEnerny, G. Rowles, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
The tree was climbed by Frank T. A. Jackson, by chopping steps and using a green vine, after the
manner of the aborigines, and at which he was an expert, and frequently got to the top of giant trees
that the blacks had given best. A. J. Campbell mentions in his book that this bird lays from 3 to 4
eggs for a sitting. I think 4 must be of rare occurrence, as we have taken seven sets of the eggs, and
never found more than 3, in fact 2 eggs seemed to constitute the sitting in most cases. Strange to say
all the nests we found were built in trees near or leaning over a bush track, and in every instance they
were placed in a Spotted Eucalypt. None of the nests were less than 70 feet from the ground. These
little hawks often show fight, and get very savage when their nests are being robbed, and twice attacked
us. Sometimes they build in the thick clusters of Mistletoe (Lovanthus celastroides and fendulus), which
are so common on the Spotted Eucalypt, etc. Specimen A. measures = 1°53 x 1°22. Specimen B.
measures = 1°55 x 1°23. Specimen C. measures = 1°54 x 1°23.

KITE,
Milvus affinis, Gould.
Taken from tall Eucalypt at Lilydale, Gregory River, Queensland, by T. Williams, on 1st October,
1898. Beautiful set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 2°01 x 1°72.

SQUARE-TAILED KITE,
Lophoictinia isuva, Gould.
Beautiful set of 2 eggs, taken from anest built in an Iron-bark Eucalypt, at Rockhampton, Queens-
land. Taken by H. Barnard, on 7th November, 1898. Both eggs are very handsomely marked.
Specimen A. measures = 2°05 x 1°58.

BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE,

Elanus axillaris, Latham.
This is a most magnificent clutch of 4 of these rare eggs, and was taken from an Apple tree (Ango-
phova subvelutina) in W. Anderson’s bush paddock at Caramana, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
on 27th July, 1898. The nest was placed in a very unusual position, being situated near the extremity

Data
No.

248

No, in

A.J.
Campbell’s No. of
Eggs.

Book.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

of a long horizontal branch of the tree, instead of in an upright fork, at an altitude of 55 feet, anda
very strong westerly wind was blowing at the time my brother was nearing the nest, and I was greatly
afraid the eggs would be blown out of it. When freshly taken these eggs were beautiful, and looked as
if they had been clenched in a blood-covered hand. ‘Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. ‘These
beautiful birds were very numerous in the Clarence River district in 1897, and we found several nests
and sets of their eggs, but very few in 1898. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 28, for my notes and
illustration.) We generally “ mirrored ”’ all nests placed up overhead, before using a scoop or monkey
pad, in order that we should know exactly what the nest contained. We have mirrored them 80 feet
from the ground, and the man below with the field-glasses could always see, by the reflection in mirror,
the whole contents of the nest. An average specimen of this set measures in inches 1°68 x 1°25.

Taken at the rear of Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., in H. Asperry’s paddock. The nest
was placed at an altitude of 45 feet, in a Red Eucalypt (Eucalyptus vostyvata), and contained this beautiful
clutch of 3 eggs. They are much rounder than those of the other set, No. 247, and the ground color
is white, and the mark-
ings are confined more
to one end of the egg.
The history of the taking
of this set will long re-
main fresh in our minds,
as my brother robbed
the nest in the dark, and
we were obliged to burn
magnesium wire in order
to give us sufficient light
to work in. The nest
was placed in a very
awkward yet usual posi-
tion, being at the top of
a tall upright forked
limb ; so we brought the

“monkey pad ” into use

NEST AND EGGS OF THE BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE.

to take the eggs from it, Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

as an ordinary scoop was (See data No, 248.)

quite useless for a nest

situated overhead. My brother got within four feet of the nest, then carefully lowered the prepared
pad into the centre of it, above his head, and the three eggs stuck on, but just as he was carefully
getting it in near to him one egg left it, and fell, but fortunately was cleverly caught by L. Vesper in a
soft felt hat. The “ monkey pad ” is simply a flattened ball of wadding, covered with linen, the flat
surface of same being smeared with a sticky preparation similar to bird lime, and once an egg touches
it properly it is quite safe, and will never fall. It was very useful to us in getting eggs from nests which
we were unable to scoop. This is the only occasion to my knowledge on which an egg fell from it,
and that was duce to the fact that we were working in the dark, and under very great disadvantage. The
set was taken by L. Vesper, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. These Kites usually built in trees that had a
long dead upright limb towering over the green branches below, and on this stick the male bird would
frequently be seen perched on the very pinnacle, and acting as sentinel. The birds feed chiefly on
mice, which they capture in the fields of the cultivated areas along the banks of the Clarence River,
and frequently we have found pellets of fur (one inch long) in the nests with the eggs, which the birds
had ejected from their stomachs. On the wing these Kites resembled very much a Silver Gull (Larus
nove hollandie), both in appearance and flight, and when I first caught sight of them flying along the

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No Book, Eggs.
249 20 3
250 22 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

banks of the Clarence River, I thought they were these Gulls, as the latter frequently came up the
river as far as Grafton during rough weather on the coast.

The first time I saw the rare eggs of this handsome Kite, was when I took a set myself at nine
The nest was
placed nearly fifty feet from the ground in an Iron-bark tree (Eucalyptus sideyophloia), and as usual was
hidden in a clump of

o'clock at night, at Swan Creek, near Grafton, during the early part of season 1897.

foliage, and it was
only with very great
difficulty that I suc-
ceeded in taking the
eggs from it. Having
very little spare time
at my disposal, I was
often obliged to go
and rob some of my
nests at night, anda
walk of ten or twelve
miles after tea was a
mere detail, provided
we got the eggs we
went after.

These birds often

built
water, and we found

in trees near

some nests in trees

which stood well out

THREE

YOUNG BLACK-SHOULDERED KITES IN THEIR NEST.
in the swamps. Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.
(See data No, 248.)

An average speci-
men in this set measures injinches = 1°58 x 1°25.
LETTER-WINGED KITE,
Elanus seviptus, Gould.
Set of 3 rare eggs, taken near Nymboida, Clarence River district, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and
We saw three or four pairs of these birds during the season

It was built in the top branches of a

Sid. W. Jackson, on 29th June, 1897.
1897, but this is the only nest we were successful in finding.
large paper-bark Ti Tree (Melaleuca), near the side of the road which leads to Armidale from Grafton.
These eggs are not so richly marked as those of the Black-shouldered Kite. An average specimen of

this set measures in inches = 1°73 x 1'27.
BLACK-CHBEEKED FALCON,
Falco melanogenys, Gould.

Handsome clutch of 3 eggs (rare), taken near Copmanhurst, Upper Clarence River, N.S,W., by
an aboriginal in the employ of G. Savidge, on 29th September, 1894. The eggs were laid in a basin,
formed in the crumbling dust on the face of a perpendicular cliff of rocks, and fully a hundred feet
from the ground. The darkie ran a great risk to both life and limb in obtaining this set of eggs ; he
was lowered down over the ‘cliff by means of a long rope, and it was with the very greatest difficulty
that he procured them. I found these birds also breeding on cliffs of rock at Nymboida, near Grafton,

An average specimen of this set measures in inches

in 1894, but too dangerous to get at. = 2103

No. in
A

ae
Data Campbell's No. of
N B

Oo. ook, Eggs.
251 24 2
252 23 2
253 25 3
254 28 4

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

BLACK FALCON,
Falco subnigey, Gray.

Set of 2 eggs, taken from the topmost branch of a tall Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), at
Lavadia, near Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence River district, N.S.W., by W. and J. McEnerny, Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson, on the 3rd of November, 1895. See accompanying photograph, showing my brother
up at the nest. This bird is chiefly confined to the more interior provinces of Australia, and seldom
comes to the coast to breed, and this is the only time
we observed it on the Clarence River. The eggs were
laid in an old nest of the Whistling Eagle, and the
ground beneath it was covered with quite a collection
of bones and skulls of various small animals, which
bore testimony to the many past feasts of these eagles:
We frequently found their nests, and the ground
beneath, strewn with bones, etc., and also numerous
vertebrae of the common fresh water Cat Fish (Cofi-
doglanis fandanus). Specimen A. is richly marked,
and measures = 2°17 x 1°66. Specimen B. = 2°17
Scapuar 70

GREY FALCON,
Falco hypoleucus, Gould.

This rare set of 2 eggs was collected at Emerald,
Mackenzie River, Queensland, by T. Williams, on the
23rd of September, 1898. The nest was placed in a
Eucalypt, at an altitude of nearly 7o feet, but was
comparatively easy to rob. I never remember seeing
this bird on the coast of New South Wales ; like the
former, it is more confined to the interior parts.
Specimen A. measures = 1'99 xX 1°55. Specimen
B, measures = 2°06 x 1'55.

LITTLE FALCON,
Falco lunulatus, Latham.

This splendid set of 3 eggs was taken at Ti Tree Frank T. A. Jackson up at the nest (above black
Creek, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., naen Se peer once ee
on the 7th of October, 1894. The nest, which was (See data No, 251,)
constructed of sticks, and lined with Eucalyptus leaves,
was placed in the topmost branches of a giant Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), at an altitude of
go feet, and was a very difficult and dangerous climb. Taken by J. McEnerny, Frank, and Sid. W.
Jackson. We noticed very few of these Little Falcons in the Clarence River district, and only succeeded
in finding this one clutch of eggs. It seems very remarkable that all the Accifitves in the latter district
build so frequently in the Spotted Eucalypti ; many of these trees, which grow to an immense size, and
are situated in prominent positions on the ridges looking down into the rich Clarence River valley,
often have large nests, or the remains of them, in their lofty boughs, and are very conspicuous, and
can be seen a long way off, the majority of them being those of the Whistling Eagle. An average
specimen of the set under notice measures = 1°62 x 1°31.

NANKEEN KESTREL,
Cerchneis cenchrotdes, V. and H.
Splendid clutch of 4 eggs, taken from the hollow spout of a dead Eucalypt on the south bank of
the Orara River, near Ramornie, Clarence River, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, on
the 26th of October, 1897. I found this bird very common about Toowoomba, Q., and frequently

,
13

Data Campbell's No. of

259

No. ip
A.J

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

found its nests there, in dead trees standing adjacent to cultivated areas out Drayton way. On Bell-
trees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., during March of this year (1907), I saw several of the birds hovering
over the beautiful open country there, and no doubt they breed in such an ideal spot. The four eggs
under notice are beautifully blotched, and Specimen A. measures = 1°50 x 1°22.

Drawer CG.

WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE,
Uroaetus audax, Latham.

This beautiful set of 2 eggs, which are very round specimens, was taken from a huge nest in a
Flooded Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata), on the north bank of the Orara River, near Coutt’s Crossing,
ten-miles from South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 15th of October, 1892. The set was taken by Frank
and Sid. W. Jackson.. We found other nests of this eagle on the Clarence River, but they were usually
old ones. I visited a large nest once during the season 1897, which was situated on the horizontal
branch of a very large Stringybark Eucalypt (Eucalyptus macrorhyncha) on the Black Mountain, on the
road between Grafton and Armidale. The nest must have been there for many years, judging from
the pile of debris which had accumulated beneath it, which was then over eighteen inches deep, and
around which were scattered hundreds of bones and the skulls of various small animals. Specimen A.
measures = 2°72 X 2°30. Specimen B. measures = 2°67 x 2°30.

Splendid set of 2 eggs, not so rounded as those of the former set, No. 255, and the markings are
more evenly distributed. ‘Taken by J. Watson at Buckiinguy Station, Western New South Wales, on
the 24th of July, 1900. This fine bird, like many others of its family, is rapidly becoming extermi-
nated in the western parts of New South Wales, owing to the great number that are being indirectly
poisoned through the attempts which have been made to try and kill the rabbits, which have now
become such a great pest to the pastoralists. Not only the hawk family, but also various other species
have been killed in thousands through partaking of set baits, and drinking poisoned water, which had
been placed for the rabbits. Hawks) eggs will be very rare items before long if the old-fashioned
scheme of poisoning these rodents still continues. Of the set under notice Specimen A. measures =
2°87 x 2:20, Specimen B. measures = 2°97 x 2°34.

WHITE-BELLIED SEA EBAGLE,
Haliaetus leucogaster, Gmelin.

This plain and unpretentious looking clutch of 2 rare and perfect eggs, was taken near the Govern-
ment Experimental Farm at Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 14th of August, 1898, by J.
McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 18, and illustration.) We
made two visits to the nest before we succeeded in taking the eggs from it, and it was placed at an
altitude of over 100 feet in a large Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), and was reached by the
aid of my tree-climbing ladder, and the eggs were taken by my brother, Frank T. A. Jackson. (See
accompanying photographs.) The nest contained three eggs, one of which got broken in transit, and was
quite beyond my skill to repair ; it wasan unfortunate accident to us, and it took me some time to forget
such an irretrievable loss. The nest was a wonderful structure, and measured nearly seven feet across
by five feet thick, and bulky enough to fill a dray, some of the sticks used in its construction being as
thick asa man’s wrist. It was lined with many layers of green Eucalyptus leaves, which tend so
frequently to discolor the eggs, and they are used, no doubt, for the purpose of generating heat. It is

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

only when a collector has to treat with nests such as this, that he realizes and knows exactly what proper

tree climbing is, and the amount of work it involves, but not before.

Frank T. A. Jackson up on the huge nest of
White-bellied Sea Eagle.

Loc., near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

(See data No. 257.)

the

There is a curious thing about
the photograph herewith, which depicts the robbing
of this nest, and is, I think, worthy of explanation ;
immediately below the nest on the left edge, will be
seen a perfect profile of the head of King Edward
the VII, in the V shaped fork, and facing the nest,
and below it his body can easily be traced out, the
coat tail going into the dead forked tree below, ana
It is a
splendid profile of His Majesty, and it seems quite
a strange coincidence that his figure should so
appropriately and yet so naturally be displayed, facing
the nest of our noble ‘King of Birds,” viz., the
White-bellied Sea

Eagle. We found six

the space between the two trees his legs.

nests of this bird in
the Clarence River
district, but suc-
ceeded in
eggs from only two
of them. It Is: “a

getting

grand sight to climb
up and look into one
of these huge nests
or platforms, which
usually command a
splendid view of all
the surrounding
country. These birds,
although nearly al-
ways frequenting
coastal country, are
often seen as far asa
hundred miles inland,
and where they some-
times breed. I have
seen them about Syd-

ney, and only quite
F. T. A. Jackson coming down

recently my attention from the nest.

was directed to one

of their nests, which was built in a tall Eucalypt on
a rocky ridge near French’s Creek, at the head of
On Susan Island,
in the Clarence River, opposite Grafton, we saw two

Middle Harbour, near Sydney.

nests, and no doubt they are still there to this day.
One of them was placed in a giant Scrub Fig tree
(Ficus macrophylla), which measured eighteen feet in
diameter at the base, and the other nest was built

Data Ca
No.

2558

259

260

No. in

A J.
mpbell’s No. of

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

in a tall Blue Eucalypt (Eucalyptus saligna), which was nine feet through. Both these nests were place
at an altitude of over ninety feet, and within half a mile of one another, and in 1895 my brother climbed
up to them, and although they appeared quite clean and new, they contained no eggs; it was very
disappointing after such tedious and difficult climbing. Our first set of these eggs was taken from a
tall Blackbutt Eucalypt (Eucalyptus pilularis) near the sea shore, south of the Clarence River Heads,
during September of 1896. The eggs vary both in size and shape, and I have seen some specimens
very round, though as a matter of fact they are in most cases pointed ovals, such as the set now under
notice. I engaged two aborigines at Grafton during season 1895, to go hunting for the eggs of this
eagle, and equipped them with the necessary rations, ete., and after a month's absence they returned,
their spoil consisting of a few Soldier Birds’ and Magpies’ eggs; I was disgusted, and never sent them
on such a mission again. I found that these darkies will not hunt or climb unless they are directly
under your personal supervision. Of set No. 257 Specimen A. measures = 2°88 x 2°09, and
has many marks or nest stains on it, and no doubt when first laid both eggs were quite white. Speci-
men B. measures = 3.07 x 2°09.
WHITE-HEADED OSPREY,
Pandion leucocephalus, Gould.

This very handsome clutch of two eggs was taken at North-west Cape, Western Australia, by a
collector engaged by G. A. Keartland, on the 29th of July, 1897. The nest was constructed of sticks
and lined with sea weed, and placed on a low rock on the sea coast. We have seen this fine bird on the
coast of Queensland and New South Wales, but were never fortunate enough to find any of its nests.
Specimen A., which is beautifully blotched, measures = 2°57 x 1790. Specimen B. measures =
2°57 x 1°85.

WHITE-HEADED SEA EAGLE,
Hlaliastuy girrenera, Vieillot.

This pair of rare eggs was taken by C. Woodlands from a very tall tree on the banks of the
Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, on the 16th of January, 1897. The eggs of this bird are
represented in very few collections. Specimen A. is much larger and less marked than specimen B.,
and measures = 2°23 x 1°68. Specimen B. is a smaller egg, and is very finely marked all over, and
no person would ever think it came from the same nest ; it measures = 2°05 x 1°57.

WHISTLING EAGLE,
FTaliastuy sphenurus, Vieillot.

This handsome clutch of 3 eggs was taken on the 21st of August, 1898, by L. Vesper, W. Crawford,
Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, from a nest found in a large Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), at
Gerrymberrym, Upper Clarence River district, New South Wales. See accompanying photograph.
From this the birds commanded a splendid view, and could survey the whole of the surrounding
country, as the tree which contained the nest stood in such an elevated position on the ridge. This
set varies greatly in the markings, and Specimen A. is the best marked egg of this Eagle that I have
ever seen, and as we have from time to time handled nearly 70 of these eggs, my choice therefore, in
claiming this specimen as an exception to the rule, has been made from the total result of many years
of arduous collecting and practical experience. It measures = 2:25 x 1°67. Specimen B. is a much
rounder egg, and the markings are not so large, it measures = 2°28 x 1°75. Specimen C. is the
smallest egg of the three, and the markings are of a dull purple, the majority of which appear as if
beneath the surface of the shell, a peculiarity which is noticeable in the eggs of many birds ; it measures
= 2°23 x 1'64. ‘These birds seldom lay three eggs for a sitting, two usually being the full complement.
During our residence in the Clarence River district we climbed to 73 nests of this Eagle, and the full
history of which would alone fill a book, and from which we procured eggs from nearly half; some-
times they built near the edge of the swamps and creeks, in Swamp Oak trees (Casuarina glauca), ata
height of only 45 feet, but they generally confined themselves to the very large trees on high ridges, or
hills, and any eggs we got were always well earned. I noticed that these Eagles usually sallied forth in

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No of
No.

261

262

No. in

Book,

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

pairs before a storm, circling high overhead, and frequently uttering their peculiar loud whistling cry.
They have a decided liking for fish, and these they pick up on the banks of rivers and creeks, and
chiefly comprise those of the common fresh water Cat Fish (Copidoglanis fandanus) and Eels (Angnilla
reinhardtii), which the fisherman cast aside. During their piscatorial feasts these Eagles leave quantities
of fish, etc., in the nests, which soon decay and gives them a filthy and repulsive appearance.

The nests measured from two to three feet across. During
season 1897 I found a nest of the Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus
axillaris) being built ina tall Eucalypt in Walker’s paddock, at
Dallinga, South Grafton, and when the Kites had quite finished
building it, the Whistling Eagles took possession and hunted the
Kites away. Later on, however, I took a beautiful clutch of
Eagles’ eggs from this very nest (see data No. 262), and as the
bird sat thereon a great portion of her was plainly visible from the
ground, and her tail projected far over the edge of the Kite’s
small nest. We have taken the eggs of this Eagle during every
month of the year, as the following dates will show :—

Ist January, 1893. roth July, 1898.

4th February, 1894. 21st August, 1898.
19th March, 1893. 25th September, 1898.
1oth April, 1897. 2nd October, 1898.
24th May, 1898. gth November, 1806.
zoth June, 1896. 16th December, 1896.

For my notes on this bird, see A. J. Campbell’s book, page
213; also, illustration opposite page 20 in same.

Taken on toth July, 1898, in Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus
maculata) in Parkinson's paddock at Caramana, near Grafton,
Clarence River, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The
nest was placed at an altitude of go feet, and the eggs were
obtained by my brother, Frank T. A. Jackson, who chopped steps
into the tree and used a strong green vine to hold on by. This

? ; Frank T. A. Jackson up on alimb near
is the most remarkable set of these eggs we have ever taken, owing the nest of the Whistling Eagle.

to the distinct difference between them in the coloration and Loc., Gerrymberrym, Clarence River,

: ° . ° é New South Wales.
markings. Specimen A. is beautifully blotched and marked with (See data No. 260,)
reddish-brown, and particularly at the larger end, and measures
= 2°25 x 1°65. Specimen B. is a very strange looking egg, and no person would ever think it came
from the same nest. It is absolutely devoid of all natural markings of the reddish-brown form, and is a
dirty white, covered all over with smudges or nest stains of a light yellowish-brown. It measures =
2°34 xX 172.

This is a very fine set of 2 eggs, the ground color ot which is nice and clean, and they are well
spotted with rich reddish-brown markings. Specimen B. has the zone of markings at the pointed end,
while Specimen A. has it at the thick apex. We collected this set just as a severe hail storm was
coming on, and before my brother took the eggs from the nest one of them got slightly fractured by a
hailstone striking it after the Eagle flew off. The nest was built in an upright limb of a Red Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus vostvata), growing in Walker's paddock on the edge of Duck Swamp at Dallinga, South
Grafton, N.S.W., and was robbed on the 15th of August, 1897. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
The nest in which this set of eggs was deposited was built by a pair of Black-shouldered Kites. The
Eagles, however, hunted the Kites away, and took possession of it, and the latter then resorted to and
laid in the Eagles’ old nest close by. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°27 x 1°73. Specimen

B. measures = 2°27 X 1°70.

No. in

Data Ca
No.

263

204

265

A. J.
mpbell’s No. of

Book,

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

LITTLE EAGLE,
Nisaetus morphnoides, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by C. E. Cowle, at Illamurta, on the Finke River, Central Australia. The
nest was placed in a tall Eucalypt, and difficult to secure, and was constructed of sticks. The eggs
were slightly incubated. Taken on 6th March, 1899. The Little Eagle was on the nest when the
native commenced to climb the tree. We found one nest of this bird in the Clarence River district,
but after a difficult climb found the eggs just hatching. The nest was placed at the giddy altitude of
126 feet, in a giant Flooded Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata), the climbing operations being performed by
my brother, Frank T. A. Jackson. As already stated the eggs were just on the point of hatching, and
of course they were rendered quite useless as oological specimens. I broke both eggs in halves, and
preserved the young birds, keeping the shell as a memento of our greatest climb, and probably one of
the highest of its kind made by any person in Australia. Specimen A. of the pair measured = 2°27
x 1°76. The find was made by my brother and I on the 27th of August, 1898, near Southgate,
Clarence River, N.S.W. The eggs of this bird resemble very much those of the Whistling Eagle, so
great care should be exercised in carefully identifying the birds prior to taking them, otherwise they
are valueless to a scientific and methodical collection. Specimen A. of set under notice (No. 263)
measures = 2°25 x 1°77. Specimen B. measures = 2°26 x 1°75.

RED GOSHAWK,
Uvospizias vadiatus, Latham.

This set of 2 rare eggs was taken by T. Williams, near Emerald, Mackenzie River, Queensland, on
the 16th of September, 1898. Nest built in large Eucalypt at an altitude of 75 feet. One egg (Speci-
men A.) was in a very advanced state of incubation, but was successfully emptied of its contents ; it
measures = 2°23 x 1°72. The other egg (Specimen B.) was an addled specimen, and was easily
blown. Both eggs have very few markings, but possess dirty brown or nest stain discolorations.
Specimen B. has one rich reddish-brown dot and a few yellowish-brown smears; it measures = 2°19

omeyi5s
CRESTED HAWK,
Baza subcristata, Gould.

This is the best set of these rare eggs that I have ever taken or seen anywhere. The nest was
placed in the topmost branches of a lofty Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata) growing on the ridge
above Harrington Creek, at Lavadia, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W. It was exactly 87 feet
from the nest to the ground, and W. McEnerny and Frank T. A. Jackson negotiated with the taking
of the eggs for me on this occasion, which was on the 17th of October, 1897. Inseasons past we have
taken several clutches of these much prized eggs, but never before did we takea set of four. Itisa
lovely clutch, the eggs are thickly marked all over with light yellowish-brown nest-like stains, and
specimens A. and B., have a few dark brown markings, and are rounder types than those of C. and D.
We have never experienced any trouble while robbing the nests of this beautiful species, as the Hawks
are very quiet, and fly toa tree a few hundred yards away, and there sit quite contentedly, and return
to the nest again after our climbing operations are finished. This bird I have seen frequently fall down
on top of the Box Eucalyptus saplings (Eucalyptus hemiphloia) with outspread wings, and there remain
in that position eating grubs, beetles, etc., from the foliage ; we have often seen them in the scrubs in
the Clarence River district, but not their nests ; they prefer getting well into the heart of the forest to
breed. In nine years we found eleven of these nests, and were fortunate in getting eggs from six of
them, and all in big trees. This set of 4 was taken by W. McEnerny, Frank, and Sid. W. Jackson.
The first nest and eggs which we found of this handsome species was on the 22nd of October, 1893,
and the nest was placed, at an altitude of nearly go feet, in a Spotted Eucalypt, on a stony ridge behind
J. Morris’s orange orchard, and situated about three miles from South Grafton, N.S.W. The nest con-
tained three eggs, which were, unfortunately, in a very advanced state of incubation. (See A. J.
Campbell’s book, page 30.) The clutch measures as follows :—Specimen A. = 1°72 x 1°43; Speci-
men B. = 1°72 x 1°43; Specimen C. = 1°73 x 1°40; Specimen D. = 1°82 x 1°37.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

No, in

Book.

=i)

N
~

641

644

Eggs.
2

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

SPOTTED HARRIBR,
Circus assimilis, J. and S.

Clutch of 2 eggs, taken from alow Ti Tree (Melaleuca), near Ulmarra, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
on the 3rd October, 1896, by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson. Nest was only 25 feet from the
ground, and was a frail structure lined with the paperbark and green leaves of the Ti Tree. This is
the only nest and eggs I have found of this so-called Swamp Hawk, although we have noticed the
bird a good deal about the Clarence River district. The eggs are white, and have a few nest stains,
and measure as follows :—Specimen A. = 1°97 x 1°54; Specimen B. = 1°90 x 1°51.

SWAMP HAWKE,
Circus gouldi, Bonaparte.

This pair of eggs was taken near Somerville, Victoria, by G. Shepherd, on the 8th of November,
1897. Nest was built on the ground amongst Scotch Thistles (Cavdmis lanceolatus.) Eggs white, and
very slightly nest stained. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°03 x 1°51. Specimen B. measures
= ay Ss LS

BROWN HAWK,
Hievacidea orientalis, Schlegel.

Set of 2 eggs, taken from a Crow’s nest situated in the very bushy top of a tall Spotted Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus maculata), near the Lake at the back of Swan Creek, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 4th
of September, 1895. This is the only clutch of these rust-colored eggs we have ever taken in the
Clarence River district ; the bird is rather uncommon there. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
We took a set of Crows’ eggs from this very identical nest during season 1894. (See data No. 590.)
Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°08 x 1'52. Specimen B. measures = 1°97 x 1°52.

Beautiful clutch of 3 eggs, taken by C. Ladwig at Werribee, Victoria, on the 6th of October, 1905.
An average specimen of this set measures = 2°13 x 1°60.

STRIPED BROWN HAWK,
Hlievacidea berigova, V. and H.

A very pretty clutch of 2 eggs, taken by F. E. Howe at Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, on the 9th
October, 1904. The dark zone is on the pointed end of both these eggs, instead of at the thicker apex,
and makes an interesting clutch on that account. Specimen A. measures = 2°07 x 1°55. Specimen
B. measures 2°07 X 1°55.

Drawer Fi.

CASPIAN TERN,
Hydroprogne caspia, Pallas.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by A. Zietz on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, on 16th November, 1891.
One egg is rather small, and almost devoid of markings.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by a collector engaged by C. Woodlands on Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpen-
taria, Queensland, on the 11th November, 1898.

CRESTED TERN,
Sterna bergii, Lichtenstein.
One egg forms the clutch, but this pair was taken from a nest by a collector engaged by C. Wood-
lands, on Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, on the 11th of November, 1898. Eggs not so pointed as
those [ have taken in New South Wales.

No, in

Data Ca
No.

274

254

285

286

287

288
289

290

A. J.
mpbell's No. of

Book.
644

644
644
644
644
644
644
644
644

649

648

650

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Taken from Julian Rock, in Byron Bay, New South Wales, by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson.
We visited this small island, north of Cape Byron, on the 18th of November, 1899, and found the
birds breeding everywhere on it. The following series of these beautiful eggs ranges from data No.
274 to 282, and shows a truly wonderful variation in their markings, some having a white ground color,
others stone, purplish, grey, etc. Some possess spotted surfaces, others are blotched, and look as if
ink had been poured over them, while again some of this series possess very long wavy lines, such as
we find on the eggs of the Spotted and Regent Bower Birds.

Data ditto. It measures = 2°22 x 1°63.

Data ditto.
Data ditto.
Data ditto. It measures = 2°52 x 1°58.
Data ditto. It measures = 2°63 x 1°65
Data ditto. It measures = 2°27 x 1°63.

Data ditto.

Data ditto. It measures = 2°38 x 1°62.

WHITE-SHAFTED TERNLET,
Sterna sinensis, Gmelin.

Taken on the gth of November, 1894, by Chas. Reid and Sid. W. Jackson, on a sand spit at
Yamba, at the mouth of the Clarence River, N.S.W. The eggs were laid in a slight depression on the
sand. We found many eggs, but most of them were on the point of hatching. An egg of this set
measures in inches = 1°22 X 0°97.

Taken by the same persons on the previous date and locality. The ground color of this set is
much darker than those of set No. 283. The eggs vary greatly in size, shape, color and general mark-
ings. An egg of this clutch measures = 1°33 x 0°95.

WHITE-FACED TERNLET,
Sterna neveis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken near the Cocked Hat Rock, south of Byron Bay, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny,
and W. M. Parker, on the 19th of December, 1899. Many other nests were found containg young
birds. A specimen of this set measures = 1°40 x 0°93.

BLACK-NAPED TERN,

Steyvna melanauchen, Temminck.
Taken on a small island off Cape York, Torres Straits, Queensland, on the 16th of November,
1876, by the late Samuel White, the well-known naturalist. The egg of this Tern is at all times exceed-
ingly difficult to obtain ; I have only seen this one specimen, and regret to say it is not a perfect one.

Received from J. W. Mellor.
SOOTY TERN,

Sterna fuliginosa, Gmelin.

Clutch of 1 magnificent egg, taken at Norfolk Island, Pacific Ocean, on the 1st of November, 1886.
This specimen measures = 2°13 X 1°43.

Taken on Lord Howe Island, Pacific Ocean, on the 31st of October, 1891. Beautiful egg.

Taken on Lord Howe Island, on the roth of November, 1897.

WHITE TERN,
Gygis candida, Gmelin.

Clutch of one, a beautiful egg, taken by Dr. P. H. Metcalfe, on Norfolk Island, Pacific Ocean, on
the 28th of October, 1892. This bird often deposits its eggs in the fork of a horizontal limb of a low
tree near the sea beach. The egg measures = 1°80 x 1°22.

2Q1

292

293

294

295

296

> 297

298

299

300

gel

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

Book. Eggs.

643 I
643 I
653 I
653 I
640 2
652 I
651 I
646 I
642 2
645 I
6393

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

LESSER-CRESTED TERN,
Sterna media, Horsfield.
Taken on South Barnard Islands, on the coast of Queensland, on 23rd November, 1891.

Taken on same date and island as previous egg. This egg is smaller than that of No. 291. Both
sets were taken by H. Barnard.
LESSER NODDY,
Micranous tenuirostris, Temminck.
Clutch of one egg, taken on Norfolk Island, East of Australia, on the 7th December, 1886.
Taken by Dr. P. H. Metcalfe. It measures = 1°72 x 1°35.

One egg, taken by R. Helms on Pelsart Island, on the coast of Western Australia, on the 21st of
November, 1897. This is a beautifully zoned egg, and measures in inches = 1°80 x 1°27.

GULL-BILLED TERN,
Gelochelidon anglica, Montagu.

Set of 2 eggs, taken on the edge of a swamp in the Riverina district, Victoria, on the r9th Novem-
ber, 1887. One egg has a pale creamy white ground, while the other specimen is of a dark cream,
with a tinge of green in it.

NODDY TERN,
Anous stolidus, Linnzeus.

Clutch of one egg, taken by R. Helms on Pelsart Island, Western Australia, on the 13th of

November, 1897. It measures = 2’01 x 1°38.

GREY NODDY TERN,
Procesiterna cinerea, Gould.
One egg, a clutch taken by Dr. Crowfoot from the ledge of a cliffon Philip Island, near Norfolk
Island, on the 4th October, 1882. This egg measures in inches = 1°72 x 1°17.

BROWN-WINGED TERN,
Sterna anestheta, Scopoli.
Clutch of one egg, taken by A. J. Campbell on Duck Island, near Rottnest Island, Western
Australia, on the 21st of November, 1889. This egg measures in inches = 1°84 x 1°26.

ROSEATE TERN,
Sterna dougalit, Montagu.
Taken on Pelsart Island, Houtman’s Abrolhos, Western Australia, by A. J. Campbell, on the 23rd
of December, 1889. (See his book, pages 834 and 835.) This isa beautiful clutch of eggs. Specimen
A. measures in inches = 1°79 x 1°13. Specimen B measures = 1°59 x 1°08.

WHITE-FRONTED TERN,
Sterna frontalis, Gray.
Taken on the Opihi River, New Zealand, on the gth of November, 1896. The egg was placed on
the shingle, just above high water mark. Frequently only one egg is laid for a sitting. From J. W.
Mellor. This egg measures = 1°85 x 1°26.

MARSH TERN,
Hydrochelidon hybrida, Pallas.

Beautiful clutch of 3 eggs, taken on a swamp by H. Scotney, at Shamrock, near Cunnamulla,
South-west Queensland, on the 20th of December, 1903. I have frequently seen these pretty birds
flying over the swamps on the Clarence River, but never knew of them to breed there; I think they
go well into the interior parts for that purpose. An average specimen of this set measures in inches
= 1°47 X I'Io.

No. in
A.J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
302 638 I
393726 I
3°4 720 f}
395 723 3
306 722 3
3°7 721 +

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHITE-WINGED TERN,
LHydrochelidon leucoptera, M. and S.
One egg, taken in New Zealand in November, 1889. Unfortunately I have no further data
respecting this rare egg ; it seems a pity that many collectors are so careless with their data. I have
frequently had to write and ask for particulars of certain eggs which I have received in exchanges.

GANNET,
Sula serrator, G. R. Gray.

Clutch of one egg, taken on Cat Island, Bass Straits, by F. H. Morton, on the 12th of November,
1891. The natural line is so thick on this egg that a person would really think it had been applied
artificially. The eggs of nearly all birds of aquatic habits are found to be lime-coated, because the
substance generates warmth when the wet breast of the hen comes in contact. The eggs of the follow-
ing are more or less lime coated :—Pelicans, Ibis, Spoonbills, Penguins, Grebes, Cormorants or Shags,
Gannets, Snake-necked Darters, Swamp Coucal, etc.

LARGE BLACK CORMORANT,
Phatlacrocorax carbo, Linneus.

Splendid clutch of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson near Nymboida, Clarence River district,
N.S.W., on the 20th of September, 1897. The nest was built on the horizontal limb of a small Swamp
Oak (Casuarina glauca) leaning over a freshwater creek at the foot of the mountain range. The eggs
had incubation about six days old, but I succeeded in blowing them neatly. An average specimen of
the set measures = 2°40 X 1°54.

LARGE PIED CORMORANT,
Phalacrocorax hypoleucus, Brandt.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by J. W. Mellor at the Coorong, South Australia, on the rst of October, 1894.
One egg of the set measures = 2°34 x 1°57.

WHITE-BREASTED CORMORANT,
Phatacrocorax gouldt, Salvadori.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Iluka, at the mouth of the Clarence River (North
Head) N.S.W., on the gth of November, 1894. Nest was composed of grass and twigs, and placed on
top of a tall stump, not far in from the main beach. An average specimen of this set measures =
2°47 x 1°45;

LITTLE BLACK CORMORANT,
Phatacrocorax sulctrostris, Brandt.

Clutch of 4, taken from a nest built in a Red Eucalypt (Zucalyptus rostrata) at Harrington Creek,
Lavadia, Clarence River, N.S.W., by L. Vesper, G. Cutney, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the rrth
of September, 1898. The trees were full of nests; I never found such a big colony of birds breeding
before ; when we climbed the trees we saw eggs everywhere we looked. The nests were all constructed
of sticks and green twigs, and placed in Swamp Oak, Mahogany, and Eucalyptus trees at altitudes
varying from 20 to 45 feet. The nests measured 18 inches across, and were in a filthy condition, and
one had to be very careful climbing the trees, especially the smooth-barked gums or Eucalypts, as the
limbs were so slippery, and we had to do a bit of greasy pole work without a doubt. The Little Black
and White Cormorant also had its nests mixed with those of this species, likewise the Snake-necked
Darter. The uproar and stench from all these birds, when we climbed the trees, was just terrible. We
had egg blowing to do that day properly, and the back of my ears suffered very much from it afterwards,
as that afternoon we blew nearly rooo eggs altogether, including the three species. I shall not forget
the incident, as it was the first and only time we had ever found these Cormorants breeding, and it is
very probable that we may never come across such a colony of them again. An average specimen of
this set measures = 1°96 x 1°32.

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

308 724 4 LITTLE BLACK AND WHITE CORMORANT,
Phalacrocorax melanoleucus, Vieillot.

Set of 4 eggs, taken with many others at Lavadia, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 11th of Sep-
tember, 1898. (See A. J. Campbell’s Book, page 978.)
Like the preceding species we found these birds breed-
ing in hundreds; their nests were similar to those of
the Little Black Cormorant, and also the eggs, and we
had to exercise great care in taking them in order not
to get the sets and the two species mixed. Each set
was numbered in pencil as it was removed from the
nest, to thus avoid any possibility of a mistake, The
eggs of both species varied from 2 to 5 for a sitting,
but 3 eggs seemed to be the usual number in most
cases. The trees were simply alive with birds sitting
upon their nests, and their peculiar croaking noise
sounded like thousands of frogs. These birds are very
destructive to young fish, and destroy vast quantities
of them, and the various Governments have from time
to time been buying up dead birds at so much a head,
in order to try and reduce their numbers. What about
our account if they allowed us a bonus on each egg
we took of these useless creatures. ? Taken by L.
Vesper, G. Cutney, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
During the latter part of May this year (1907), the
Fisheries Board in Sydney received an intimation from
Inspector Paton upon the condition of Smith’s Lake,
which is situated a little south of Cape Hawke, on the
north coast of New South Wales, and reference was

made toa curious habit of the Cormorants (locally Tree containing 30 nests of the Little Black and
known as Shags), amongst the fish. The inspector Little Black and White Cormorant.
stated that the methods of the birds showed a remark-
able sagacity. The lake is splendidly stocked with
many varieties of fish,

Loc., Lavadia, Clarence River.
(Note the four men up the tree at the nests.)

owing to its rest from
the use of fishing nets
for 18 months, and
many of the smaller
species are present in
ineredible numbers.
The birds, which in-
fest the lake number
many thousands, and
carry on their depre-
dations amongst the
fish with a marvel-
lous amount of disci-
pline and concerted
action. One flock,
which was estimated

5 Canoe displayed with nests and eggs of the Little Black and Little Black and White
to contain about 2000 Cormorants. Loc., Lavadia, Clarence River.

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of
Book.

No.

No. in

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Cormorants, was observed driving the shoals of fish off the weed-covered flats, where they were pro-
tected, into the clear and shallower water, where they could be more relentlessly attacked. The army
of birds poised, wheeled, and plunged amongst the shoals in a serried line, and drove the fish before
them irresistibly. The water would boil for a few minutes with the bodies of the plunging birds, who,
as if at a given signal, would rise clear to sight their prey, and again and again swoop down upon
them, until the fish were driven into the desired place. They feasted until they were gorged. It will
be seen therefore that the destructive habits of these birds, amongst young fish, is a very serious matter,
and is the cause of great loss, and some steps should be taken to effect a remedy. An average speci-
men of this set measures = 1°93 x 1°18.

Splendid set of 5 eggs. Locality and data same as latter set, No. 308. All the eggs of the
Cormorant family are thickly lime-coated, and beneath the lime the egg is of a pale greenish blue, the
surface of which is minutely pitted all over. This clutch shows the blue here and there between the
clouds, or irregular shaped patches, of lime on them, and makes it a very interesting and pretty set.

SNAKE-NECKED DARTER,
Plotus nove hollandia, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, locality and data same as preceding set of
Cormorants (No. 308.) Nest was placed 35 feet from the
ground, on a short horizontal branch of a Swamp Oak (Casua-
rina glauca), leaning over Harrington Creek, on the 11th of
September, 1898. For full particulars see data No. 307. An
average specimen of this set measures = 2°13 X 1°47.

Set of 3 eggs, taken at Gerrymberrym, above Grafton, on
the Clarence River, New South Wales, on the 19th of Novem-
ber, 1894. The nest was built ina River Oak (Casuarina
Cunninghamiana), which stood on the very edge of the river
bank, and was situated at an elevation of 30 feet, on a hori-
zontal limb leaning out over the water. Istill have the nest in
my possession, and the limb upon which it was built. It is a
large stick structure, measuring 20 inches across, and has a
very slight depression in the centre for the eggs. This is one
of the first clutches of these rare eggs taken in New South
Wales, that is to say, as far as records show us. We noticed
that both birds sit on the nests in turn. When taking this
clutch, the birds left the Oaks, and circled high up overhead
above the nest, and they gradually got higher and higher, until
their large forms assumed the proportion of mere specks, and |. Vesper Bs teeta the Snake-
ultimately they disappeared altogether. It was the first time I Tan oreoabia’ eine Ries
saw such a large bird fly up out of sight ; of course if it was a (See data No. 310.)
small species I could readily understand it being lost to one’s
vision. It was a surprise to us the way those Darters vanished. ‘Taken by W. McEnerny, Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson. An average specimen of this set measures in inches = 2°47 x 1°47.

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

Drawer I.

312 745——Cts«4 CAPE BARREN GOOSE,
Cereopsis nove hollandie, Latham.
Splendid clutch of four eggs, taken on Clarke Island, Bass Straits, by J. W. McLaine, on the 16th
of September, 1901. An average specimen of this set measures in inches = 3°33 x 2°19. A smaller
specimen in the set measures = 3°18 x 2°12.

ot3 7142 3 PIED GOOSE,
Ansevanas semipalmata, Latham.
Three eggs taken from a nest at the Lake, near Lavadia, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the zoth of
September, 1898, by J. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson. Nest was constructed of flat reeds, and placed
in a thick mass of rushes in the middle of the swamp. An average specimen of this set measures =
Sb x 2124;
314 761 2 MUSK DUCK,
Biziura lobata, Shaw.
Set of 2 eggs, taken on Caramana Swamp, near Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 8th
October, 1892, by T. Lane and Sid W. Jackson. The nest was built of flag-like Rushes (Typha
angustifolia), and placed near a small island in the swamp, and only a few yards away from a nest and
eggs of the Sombre Gallinule, or Black Moor Hen. The water was deep where the nest was situated,
and my light swamp canoe, the “ Podiceps,” was once again brought into valuable service. Specimen
A. measures = 3:28 x 2:10. Specimen B. measures = 3°17 x 2°07.

315 75° 2 MOUNTAIN DUCK,
Casarca tadoynoides, Jardine.
This fine pair of eggs was taken by J. Denny, on the 16th August, 1895, at Narung, Lake Albert,
South Australia. The nest was placed in a Grass Tree (Xavthovyhwa sp.), and was composed of leaves,
and lined with down. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2‘97 x 1°93. Specimen B. measures in
inches = 2°92 x I°97.
316 751 7 BLACK DUCK,
Anas superciliosa, Gmelin.

Set of 7 eggs, taken from a nest built in Blady grass (Jmpevata arundinacea), on a gum tree ridge
near the Armidale Road, and four miles from South Grafton, N.S.W. The nest was lined with down,
and the remarkable thing about this clutch is that they were found nearly two miles from any water.
If my eyes had not rested on these eggs, and the young birds had hatched out, what would they do in
such an arid locality? Surely they could not survive ona gravel ridge. Taken by W. McEnerny, J.
McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on 9th October, 1893. An average specimen of the clutch
measures in inches = 2°27 X 1°64.

WOOD DUCK,
Chenonetta jubata, Latham.

Four eggs, taken from a hollow in a Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), by J. Orr and Sid. W.
Jackson, on the roth of October, 1892, near the Lake, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W. These
handsome birds are very plentiful some seasons in the latter district, yet we have always found it very
difficult to drop across the nests. An egg of this set measures = 2°25 x 1°57.

317 746 4

8 SHOVELLER DUCK,
Spatula rhynchotis, Latham.

Set of 8 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson roo yards from the edge of Sportsman Swamp, South

Grafton, N.S.W., on the 25th of September, 1898. The nest was built in dead Blady grass (Jmfevata

318 = 756

A.J.
Data Campbell's No of
No.

319

320

321

322

323

No. in

Book,

758

759

744

753

752

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

avundinacea), and lined with down. I found another nest on same date containing eleven eggs, but
which a bush fire had unfortunately passed over, and half roasted, and so were rendered useless as
specimens. An egg in the clutch under notice measures in inches = 2°15 x 1°49. Beautiful clutch.

FRECKLED DUCK,
Stictonetta nevosa, Gould.

This rare egg, which was addled, I took from a nest containing 7 young birds. The nest was
built in a clump of Sida vetusa, near a swamp at Caramana, near Grafton, N.S.W. This is only the
second egg of this species that I have been fortunate enough to find. ‘Taken by Sid. W. Jackson and
an aboriginal named Nymboi Jack, on the 11th of November, 1892. It measures in inches = 2°40
he

WHITE-EYED DUCK,
Nyroca australis, Gould.

This rare egg was taken from a nest, from which the bird was shot as it left it. We saw the bird
fly away suddenly from a clump of Burney Weed or Smart Grass (Polygonum lapathifolium ), but never
for the moment dreamt that it had a nest, as we had so frequently been disappointed on former occa-
sions in rushing to places from which this species flew, and so much so that we naturally concluded
they did not breed in the district. But imagine our surprise to find that it had actually flown from its
nest, when W. McEnerny pointed the gun and fired. Taken onthe znd of September, 1893, by W.
and J. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, at Sportsman Swamp, South Grafton, N.S.W. Only one egg,
which measures = 2°27 x 1°63.

WHITE-QUILLED GOOSE TEAL,
Nettopus albipennis, Gould.

This pair of rare eggs was taken from the hollow spout of a tree, standing in a swamp in the
Nicholson River district of North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on the 25th of March, 1898.
He has enriched this collection with many rare eggs from the Gulf of Carpentaria, but I consider this
one of the most welcome acquisitions, though one of simplex munditiis, We frequently observed these
beautiful birds in the Clarence District of New South Wales, but were never fortunate in finding a nest.
We often visited the old dead Eucalyptus tree standing near the homestead of the late Jas. F. Wilcox,
at “ Dallinga,’’ South Grafton, and in a spout of this tree eight young birds were reared some 25 years
ago, 1882, but our visits were always for nothing, not even a sight of any of the birds being obtained.
I possess a fine pair of these birds (¢ and ?), which were shot ona Clarence River swamp during
1895. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°16 x 1°52. Specimen B. measures = 2°15 x 1°57.

GREY TEAL,
Nettion gibberifrons, Miller.

Perfect clutch of 9 eggs, taken from the edge of Duck Swamp, South Graton, N.S.W., on the 15th
September, 1898, by W. McEnerny, J. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest was lined
with down, and placed in long Smart Grass (Polygonum lapthifolium), not far from the water. The eggs
of this set have a pale greenish tinge. We found a nest of this species placed in a hollow limb only on
one occasion. An average specimen of this set measures = 2°07 xX 1°40.

TEAL,
Nettion castaneum, Eyton.

Set of 9 eggs, taken on the roth of November, 1896, at the back of the swamp known as Duck
Swamp, which, after heavy rains, is a very extensive sheet of water, and is situated near South Grafton,
in the Clarence River district. The nest was placed in the hollow of a burnt out stump, near Layton’s
farm, and the eggs were quite hidden in the mass of down. ‘These eggs are of the usual creamy colour,
and an average specimen of the set measures in inches = 1°96 x 1°45. ‘Taken by Sid. W. Jackson.
They were somewhat incubated.

A.J.
Data Campbell's No, of

No.

324

325

326

327

No, in

Book. Eggs.
747 5
748 2
A5if 5
691 I

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHISTLING DUCK,
Dendyocycna arcuata, Cuvier.

Five eggs, rare, taken from a nest built in a field of ripe oats, at Caramana, Clarence River,
N.S.W., on the gth of November, 1893 (not 1894 as I erroneously stated in A. J. Campbell’s book on
page 1026). The nest contained ro eggs, and I very foolishly broke the set in order to try and accom-
modate and help another friend collector. Iam sorry to a certain degree about it now, because we
have taken no others since. The nest was constructed of a layer of dead grass and straw, upon which
were placed a few dozen leaves of the Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), and was devoid of any
down or feathers. Both birds (g¢ and @) were shot at the nest, and proved to be the “ Whistler.”
The eggs are of a cream colour, and have a very thin coating of lime, and are thickly marked with rich
yellowish smears, and two of them have a rich purplish-brown spot, which seems remarkable for a duck’s
egg to possess. The late George Barnard, of Coomooboolaroo, near Rockhampton, Queensland, took
a set of these eggs on the 25th of May, 1890, and several of which possessed these same strange
purplish markings. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. An average specimen of the 5 eggs
measures in inches = 2:07 x 1°57.

PLUMED WHISTLER,
Dendrocycna eytoni, Gould.

This pair of eggs was taken from a nest built in grass near a swamp, in the Nicholson River district,
North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on the 16th of March, 1898. They are smaller and much
more rounded than those of D. avcuata, Cuvier, and are also much glossier than those of the former
species and the surface more granulated, but microscopically so. Specimen A. measures = 1°93 x
1°52. Specimen B. measures = 1°88 x 1'51.

PINK-EARED DUCK,
Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Latham.

This set of 5 rare eggs was taken from a nest, built in a tall hollow stump, on the edge of Alipou
Swamp, South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 13th of September, 1896, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The
nest was lined with feathers and down, which were simply trampled into the hollow at the top of the
stump. The eggs were heavily incubated, and were difficult to blow; however, patience and perse-
verance has given 5 neatly blown specimens to the collection. The shell of these eggs is the hardest
I have ever attempted to bore, and the best drill I had soon told a tale after operating on four of them.
S. Robinson informs me that he has found them difficult to treat with, owing to the Solidity of the shell,
and has taken some of them in South-west Queensland. The eggs are of a rich light cream colour,
and rather glossy, and have a fine texture of shell, and when rolled together produce a peculiar grating
noise. Under the lens, however, I find the shell is not pitted, and like most of the eggs of the Anatide
family, are minutely granulated, each tiny excrescence being smooth on top, and the construction of
the shell resembles very much that of the Jabiru (Xenorhynchus asiaticus), Latham. This set of 5 are
the only eggs I have seen of this bird. Nest was placed 16 feet above the ground. An average
specimen measures in inches = 1°82 x 1°35.

Drawer @ . (Bottom Drawer on left side of Cabinet.)

WANDERING ALBATROSS,
Diomedea exulans, Linnzeus.
Clutch of one egg, which is the usual complement for a sitting. It was taken on Campbell Island,
South Pacific Ocean, on the gth of January, 1897, by the captain of a whaling vessel, during a cruise
in those parts. Campbell Island is in the South Pacific, south-east of New Zealand, to which it belongs.

328

329

35°

331

332

333

334

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell's
No.

Book.

692

694

693

~
we
ioe}

739

No. of
Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

It is mountainous and well wooded, has good harbours, and is occasionally visited by whaling and other
vessels. The wings of this gigantic bird, when fully extended, sometimes measure nine and a half feet
from tip to tip, or two feet longer than a large Wedge-tailed Eagle. This egg is a perfect specimen,
and measures in inches = 5°29 x 3°13.

SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS,
Diomedea albatrus, Pallas.

One egg, a clutch, taken on Bonin Islands (situated in latitude 27° 40’ N., and long. 142° 10’ E.)
during November of 1896. Bonin (or Archbishop) Islands belong to Japan, and lie to the south of it.
Peel Island is the largest of the group, and is frequently visited by vessels engaged in whale fishing. I
received this rare egg through the courtesy of Dr. Charles Ryan, of Melbourne. Many seabirds deposit
only one egg for a sitting. It measures in inches = 4°15 x 2°77.

WHITE-CAPPED ALBATROSS,
Thalassogeron cautus, Gould.
One egg, a clutch, taken by D. Le Souéf, on Albatross Island, Bass Straits, on the 26th of Novem-
ber, 1894. This specimen measures in inches = 3°85 x 2°62.

BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS,
Diomedea melanophrys, Temminck.

One egg, a clutch, taken on Campbell Island, South-east of New Zealand, during January of 1897.
This bird is well-known to all sea-faring men as the ‘ Molly Hawk.” I have frequently seen them on
the coast of New South Wales, and during my last trip north several of these birds flew about the
steamer for some hours. Occasionally they are seen in Sydney Harbour. This egg measures = 4°23
x 2:62:

KING PENGUIN.
Aptenodytes patagonica, Gray.
(Not in A. J. Campbell's book.)

One egg, clutch, taken on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, by Captain Waller, of the S.S.
Victoria, during November, 1900. ‘This splendid egg measures in inches = 3°69 x 2°67, and is very
pointed at the smaller end.

ROYAL PENGUIN,
Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch.
(Not in A J, Campbell's book.)
One egg, clutch, taken on Macquarrie Island, south of New Zealand, by a collector engaged by
D. Le Souef, on the 2oth of October, 1897. This egg measures = 3°07 x 2°27, and isnot so pyriform
as the previous specimen.
CRESTED PENGUIN,
Catarrhactes chrysocome, Forster.
Clutch of 2 eggs, taken on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, by Captain Waller of the
S.S. Victoria, during the month of November, 1900. These eggs are round, while those of all the
other Penguins are usually pointed at one end, and somewhat pyriform. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 2°60 x 2'21. Specimen B. measures = 2°59 x 2°23. These birds are better known as
“ Rock Hoppers.”

LITTLE PENGUIN,
Eudyptula minor, Forster.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by A. Zietz on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, on 6th October, 1884. One
egg (Specimen A.) is much smaller and more rounded than the other, and measures in inches = 1°93
x 1'57- Specimen B. = 2:12 x 1°63.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

335

336

337

338

No. in

Book.

740

734

Eggs.
2

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

FAIRY PENGUIN,
Eudyptula undina, Gould.
Clutch of 2 eggs, taken on Albatross Island, Bass Straits, on the 19th of November, 1890. These
eggs are very pointed specimens as compared with those of the last two species. Specimen A. measures
in inches = 2°23 x 1'57. Specimen B. measures = 2°40 x 1°60.

PELICAN,
Pelecanus conspicillatus, Temminck.

Splendid clutch of 2 of these rare eggs, taken by J. W. Mellor on an island in the Coorong, South
Australia, on the rst of October, 1894. Writing to me he states :—“I had a great difficulty in getting
off to this island, owing to there being no person living near the place for miles, and consequently no
boat was procurable. I had to get a black, and cart a small skiff about eight miles to the nearest point
on the mainland shore, and when this was accomplished there was much danger on account of the
rough squalls encountered there. Everything had to be done with dispatch, and we carried our lives
in our hands, with no thought of what might happen should we do this or that. But, however, we got
on land again just in time to escape the squall that came up. This clutch is from the nest marked on
the spot.” Both eggs are thickly coated with the natural lime, similar to that found on the eggs of the
Cormorants and Gannets, etc. I have frequently seen flocks of the birds, but have never been fortunate
enough to discover a nest. They appear difficult to find, but once a colony of them is located during
breeding season, many eggs can then be procured, but they generally build in such remote and out of
the way places that a person has little or no chance of dropping across them. ‘This set was very heavily
incubated. Specimen A. measures in inches = 3°60 X 2°22. Specimen B. measures = 3°52 x 2°24.

GIANT PETREL,
Ossifraga gigantea, Gmelin.

Clutch of one rare egg, taken on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, by Captain Waller, of
the S.S. Victoria, during November, 1900. The shell is very coarse and granulated, in fact I think,
with the exception of the eggs of the Cassowary and Emu, it is the roughest of any Australian
species. It looks as if it had been made of sand, and solidified in a mould. Macquarie Island,
where the egg came from, is situated about 650 miles south-west by south from New Zealand, and is
the home of many sea birds, including the larger Penguins. This fine specimen measures in inches =
4°21 X 2°57.

SHORT-TAILED PETREL,
Puffinus tenuivostris, Temminck.

Clutch of one egg, taken by Alex. Borthwick on Phillip Island, Western Port, Victoria, on the
26th of November, 1884. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 888) ‘This bird is familiarly known to
most people as the “ Mutton Bird.” Thousands of the eggs have been frequently collected and sent to
Victoria, and sold in the Melbourne markets for cooking purposes. They are a little larger than those
laid by the ordinary domestic fowl, but bear a close resemblance. Notwithstanding the great number
of eggs and birds annually taken for food, there seems to be no diminution in their numbers, and they
resort to the same place to breed year after year. Matthew Flinders, the illustrious navigator, saw a
great flock of these birds during his exploration of Bass Strait in 1798. There was a stream of them of
from 50 to So yards in depth, and 300 yards or more in breadth. The birds were not scattered, but
were flying as compactly as free movement of the wings seemed to allow, and during a full hour and a
half they continued to pass, without interruption, at a rate little inferior to the swiftness of a pigeon.
On the lowest computation the number could not have been less than 100,000,000. Taking the stream
of birds to have been 50 yards deep, by 300 yards in width, and that it moved at the rate of 30 miles
an hour, and allowing 9 cubic yards of space to each bird, the numbers would amount to 151,500,000,
or thereabouts. The burrows required to lodge this number of birds would be 75,750,000, and, allow-
ing a square yard to each nest or burrow, they would cover something more than 18} geographical

Data Campbell's No. of

339

343

344

345

340

348

No, in
A.J

Book.

666

666
666

666

690

689

687

663

662

688

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

square miles of ground. The birds deposit only one egg in each burrow for a sitting, and after carefully
working it out, I find that the total weight of the eggs for the above flock of birds would be over 6,341
tons. The specimen under notice measures in inches = 2°87 x 1°88.

WEDGE-TAILED PETREL,
Puffinus chlororhynchus, Lesson.

Taken on Julian Rock, Byron Bay, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 18th
of November, 1899. One egg formed the full sitting in every instance. The eggs varied in size and
shape, but most of them were very pointed at one end. ‘They are snow white when first laid, but soon
become dirty and nest stained after being in the nest a few days. This specimen measures in inches
= 2°51 X 1°63.

Ditto, data ditto. The egg measures = 2°40 x 1°58.

One egg, taken by A. J. Campbell, on the 13th December, 1889, on Rat Island, Houtman’s
Abrolhos, Western Australia. (See his book, page 877.) This egg from the west measures = 2°47
xp 553

Clutch of one egg, collected for A. F. Basset Hull, on Broughton Island, north of Newcastle, New
South Wales, on the 2nd of December, 1906. This egg is pure white, and was taken from the nest very
soon after being laid. It measures in inches = 2°43 x 1°58.

DIVING PETREL,
Pelecanotdes uvinatrix, Gmelin.

Clutch of 2 eggs, one egg nearly in every case forms the sitting, two rarely ever being found. This
set was taken by J. Burton, on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, on the 1st of November, 18096.
The eggs are rather round, and measure as follows :—Specimen A. = 1°44 X 1°18. Specimen B. =
YE Rapes hy

FAIRY DOVE PETREL,
Prion ariel, Gould.

Clutch of one, taken by A. J. Campbell on North East Island, of the Kent Group in Bass Straits,
on the 24th of November, 1890. This egg measures in inches = 1°64 x 1°23. (See A. J. Campbell's
book, page 918.)

BANKS'S DOVE PETREL,
Prion bankst, Gould.

Clutch of one, taken by J. Burton on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, on the 21st of
November, 1896. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 916.) This egg is much nest-stained, still I prefer
to leave it in this condition. It measures in inches = 1°93 x 1°42.

WHITE-FACED STORM PETREL,
Pelagodroma marina, Latham.

Clutch of 2 eggs, taken by Jas. A. Kershaw on Mud Island, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, on the
roth of November, 1880. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°43 x 1°06. Specimen B, measures
= 1°43 X I'05.

GREY-BACKED STORM PETREL,
Garrodia nerets, Gould.

This rare egg (a clutch) was taken with others by J. P. Seymour, at Tomahawk Island, Otago

Peninsula, New Zealand, on the 2oth of November, 1886. This specimen measures in inches = 1°33

xX I'02.

DOVE PETREL,
Prion desolatus, Gmelin.
Clutch of 1 egg, taken during the expedition of the Field’s Naturalists’ Club of Victoria to the
Kent Group, Bass Straits, on the 23rd of November, 1890. Taken by Jas. A. Kershaw. Egg was very
heavily incubated ; it measures in inches = 1°78 x 1°35.

Data
No.

349

35°

352

353

354

355

356

No, in

AT.
Campbell’s No. of

Book. Eggs.
688 I
688 I
686 I
657 2
—_— 2
658 I
-- 2
656 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

Same data as No. 348. Measures = 1°69 x 1°30.

Ditto ditto. Measures = 1°77 X 1°32.

BROAD-BILLED DOVE PETREL,
Prion vitiatus, Gmelin.

Clutch of one egg, which was taken on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, during January
of 1897. Many nests were found containing young birds, but very few eggs were obtained. ‘This is
the only egg I have handled of this splendid species during my years of collecting. I received it
through the courtesy of the late Sir Walter Buller, K.C.M.G., of New Zealand. This rare specimen
measures in inches = 1°85 x 1°37.

PACIFIC GULL,
Gabianus pacificus, Latham.

Handsome clutch of 2 eggs, taken at the Bay of Shoals, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, by the
late well known naturalist Samuel White, on the r2th of October, 1875. In his notes he says—‘ The
eggs were always two in number, and placed on a little seaweed.” Specimen A. measures = 3°11 x
2°05. Specimen B. measures = 2°80 x 2°09.

BLACK-BACKED GULL,
Larus dominicanus, Licht.
(This is not recorded in A. J. Campbell’s book, as it is not considered a true Australian species.)

Beautiful clutch of 2 eggs, taken by Robert Hall, F.L.S., on Kerguelen Island in the South Seas,
on the 16th of December, 1898. They are just as they were picked up from the nest, and have the flat
paper-like seaweed (4/g@) adhering to them. They resemble very much the eggs of the Pacific Gull.
Kerguelen Island lies in the Indian Ocean, about midway between the Cape of Good Hope and Aus-
tralia, and was discovered by the French navigator, Kerguelen, in 1772. The island was visited by
Captain Cook in 1777. Many birds breed on the island. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°93 x
198. Specimen B. measures = 2°90 x 2:01.

GREAT SKUA GULL,
Megalestris antarctica, Lesson.
This rare egg was taken in Europe in June of 1892, by J. J. White. It measures = 2°90 x 2’or.
This bird breeds on Macquarie Island, south of New Zealand, and it makes one wish that this find had
been made nearer its home and breeding ground.

GOULD'S SILVER GULL,
Larus gouldt, Bonaparte.
(No. 598 in Gould’s Handbook to the Birds of Australia.)

Set of 2 eggs, taken on Sweers Island, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, by E. Drew, on the
16th of October, 1897. These eggs are of a deep stone ground colour, and more rounded than those
found south. The late J. Gould designated this northern form as different to the Silver Gull of the
south, and I have thus considered it advisable to place this northern clutch (very dark) under his Zarus
goulai. One egg is larger and darker than the other. Specimen A. measures in inches = 2°15 x
1°57. Specimen B. measures = 2‘01 x I'5I.

SILVER GULL,
Larus nove-hollandia, Stephens.

This beautiful clutch of 3 eggs was taken on Cat Island, Bass Straits by D. Le Souef, on the roth
of November, 1895. These eggs are larger and more pointed than those of the previous set, and the
ground colouring is of a pale greyish-green. They measure as follows :—Specimen A. = 2°23 x I'50.
Specimen B. = 2°18 x 1°53. Specimen C. = 2°19 x 1°56.

toe eae
357 732,—S—iSYT
358 = 55982
359 599 2
360 731 I
361 227 3
362 226 2
363 224 3
364 <= 1g

No. in

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

RED-TAILED TROPIC BIRD,
Phaéthon rubricauda, Boddaert.
Clutch of 1 beautiful egg, taken on Lord Howe Island on the 17th of November, 1887, by the
captain of a visiting steamer. Unfortunately the data giving the captain’s name, and that of the boat,
was mislaid by the party from whom I received the egg. It measures in inches = 2°74 x 1°92.

PIED OYSTER CATCHER,
Hematopus longirostris, Vieillot.

Clutch of 2 eggs, beautifully marked, taken by J. W. McLaine on King Island, Bass Straits, on
the 19th of October, 1902. Specimen A. measures = 2°41 x 1°73. Specimen B. measures = 2°40
a BLACK OYSTER CATCHER,

Hematopus unicolor, Wagler.

Well marked clutch of 2 eggs, taken on King Island, Bass Straits, by J. W. McLaine, on the
16th of October, 1902. I found two sets of eggs of this species on the sea shore, south of the Clarence
River, N.S.W., during December, 1894. Specimen A. measures = 2°37 x 1°59. Specimen B.
= 2°37 xX 161.

LESSER FRIGATE BIRD,
Fregata ariel, Gould.

A clutch of 1 egg, taken by J. T. Fox, on Malden Island, North Pacific Ocean, on the 24th of
April, 1887. This island is situated in latitude 3° south, longitude 155° west, and is of coral formation
and belongs to Britain. J.T. Fox, while on Malden in 1887 supervising the shipment of the rich
deposits of phosphoric guano from this island, had many opportunities of studying this bird and its
habits, and frequently noticed that if the bird was suddenly disturbed it would lift the egg in its claws
and ascend into the air with it. This is the only bird, as far as I am aware, that possesses this extra-
ordinary habit. This egg measures = 2°34 x 1°68.

Drawer Fe... (Top Drawer on right side of Cabinet.)

FIELD WREN,
Calamanthus campestris, Gould.
Perfect clutch of 3 eggs, taken near Adelaide, South Australia, on the 16th of September, 1897,
by F. Richards. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°82 x 0°64.

STRIATED FIELD WREN,
Calamanthus fuliginosus, V. and H.

Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by M. W. Harrison, at Risdon, near Hobart, Tasmania, on the 25th of
August, 1900. An egg of this set measures in inches = o-90 x 0°65.

BLACK-BREASTED SONG LARK,
Cinclorhamphus cruralts, V. and H.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken at Myrniong, Victoria, by H. Lidgett, on the 14th of July, 1896. An egg
of this set measures in inches = o'g1 x 0°63.

SONG LARK,
Ctnclorhamphus cantillans, Gould.
(A. J. Campbell places this and the latter as the one species.)
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by J. W. Mellor ina plantation of trees at ‘“ Holmfirth,” Fulham, South
Australia, on the 27th of November, 1894. The nest was composed of fine roots and fibre, placed in

Data Ca
No.

365

366

367

368

369

No. in
A. J.

mpbell’s No. of
Book. E

225

382

175

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

a slight depression in the ground, with grass growing all around it. It was found by seeing the bird
flying out of the same place several times, and, by carefully searching, at last dropped on the exact spot
where the nest was situated. The eggs were rather heavily incubated, and are more rounded and
heavily blotched than those of No. 363. Specimen A. measures = 0°83 x 0°68.

RUFOUS SONG LARK,
Cinclorhamphus rufescens, V. and H.
Beautiful clutch of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Hawthorneville, South Grafton, N.S.W.,
on the 12th of December, 1897. Nest was placed in long grass, and I flushed the bird from it as I
walked about looking for other nests. I found these birds plentiful on the grassy lands of the Darling
Downs, in Southern Queensland. An egg of this set measures in inches = 0°83 x 0°64.

BUSH LARK,
Mivafra horsfieldi, Gould.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken near Blicks River, Tyringham, 55 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W.,
by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 23rd of October, 1898. Two eggs are rather elongated, and Specimen A.
of the clutch measures in inches = 0°88 x o'61. We have taken several clutches of these eggs in the

latter locality, near the river.
GROUND LARK,

Anthus australis, V. and H.
Set of 3 eggs, taken on the 31st of July, 1894, by Sid. W. Jackson, at South Grafton, N.S.W.
These are generally the first eggs that find their way into a glass case, and form the nucleus of a collection.
An egg of this set measures in inches = 0°87 x 0°61.

STRIATED GRASS WREN,
Amytis striata, Gould.

Clutch of 2 eggs, taken by a collector engaged by T. A. Brittlebank, near the Fitzroy River,
North-west Australia, on the 23rd of September, 1899. Specimen A. measures = 0°78 x 0°62.
Specimen B. measures = 0°79 x 0°57.

GRASS WREN,
Amytis textilis, Quoy and Gaimard.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by C. E, Cowle at Illumurta, Central Australia, on the 17th of March, 1899.
The eggs of this bird are very rare, and are represented in few collections. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 0°82 x 0.58. Specimen B. measures = 0°82 x 0°60.

LITTLE FIELD WREN,
Chthontcola sagittata, Latham.

Magnificent clutch of 4 eggs, taken ina grass paddock at Flemington, Sydney, on the 24th of
November, 1906, by H. Keane. This set is of a beautiful dull cochineal red, and resembles polished
marbles of that colour. The eggs of this bird are represented in most collections, and are the admira-
tion of every oologist, yet I was fortunate in finding them only on one occasion. The birds are very
plentiful in some localities near Sydney. An average specimen of this clutch measures in inches =

077 X 0°61.
BROWN SCRUB WREN,

Sericornis humilis, Gould.

Clutch of 2 eggs, and one egg of Fan-tailed Cuckoo, taken at Glenorchy, Tasmania, by W. Morris
on the 30th of October, 1904. This isa very dark set of Scrub Wren’s eggs, and resembles small
specimens of those of the Yellow-throated Scrub Wren, of New South Wales. Specimen A. measures
= 0'95 X 0°68. Specimen B. measures = 0°93 x 068.

FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Latham.
Taken with the set of 2 Brown Scrub Wren’s eggs. This Specimen measures = 0°79 x 0*6o.

ae THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. Book. Eggs.
372 202 2 BROWN SCRUB WREN,
Sertcornis humilis, Gould.
Beautiful clutch of 2 eggs, which are of much lighter variety in the ground colouring than in those
of the previous set. Taken by Godfrey Chrisp, in the scrubs at Ringarooma, Tasmania, on the 11th of
October, 1899. An egg of this clutch measures in inches = 0'92 x 0°66.
NEST OF THE ORANGE-WINGED TREE RUNNER.
Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River.
(See data No. 380, page 66.)
(Natural size.)
373 197 3 WHITE-BROWED SCRUB WREN,

Sertcornis frontalis, V. and H.

Clutch of 3, taken by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, at Booyong, near Lismore, N.S.W., on
the 30th of November, 1899. The nest was built in dead grass and ferns on the bank of Unio Creek,
in Booyong Scrubs. We took six sets of these eggs during our long stay in the scrubs of the Richmond
River district. Specimen A. of this clutch measures in inches = 0'82 x 0°63.

No. in

A. J.
Pee Campbell's No. of

oO. Book. Eggs.
374 201 2
375 198 = 3
376 198 2
377 198 3

198 3
378

45! I
379 1984

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

SPOTTED-THROATED SCRUB WREN,
Sericornis osculans, Gould.
(In Drawer C., pages 21 and 22, will be found a splendid series of eggs of the Yellow-throated Scrub Wren.)
Set of 2 eggs, taken from a nest in a scrub near Murtoa, on the 2nd of October, 1899. Taken by
John Laird. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°82 x 0°58. Specimen B. measures = 0°82 x 0°59.

LARGE-BILLED SCRUB WREN,
Sericornis magnirostris, Gould.

The eggs of this species are subject to great variation, both in the ground colour and general markings.
This clutch is of the normal form, and is of a purplish buff. Taken in the scrubs at Booyong, near
Lismore, N.S.W., on the 28th of October, 1899, by Sid. W. Jackson. The eggs are lightly zoned at
the larger ends. One egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°80 x 0°54.

Pair of eggs, taken at Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W., on the 21st October,
1899, by Sid. W. Jackson. Specimen A. is a dark egg of the normal variety, and measures = 0°77 x
0°60. Specimen B. is of a light buffy-white ground, and quite unlike Specimen A., and measures =
0°76 xX 0°57. This is an instance of two varieties being found in the one nest.

This is a magnificent clutch of 3 eggs, and the ground colour is of a pale buffy-white, and each
specimen has a large distinct zone or ring of dark purplish-brown at the rounded or larger end. They
are real exceptions to the rule, and other Australian collectors who have examined them inform me
that they have not seen a set similarly marked, and the clutch has been inspected by many, including
Dudley Le Souéf and A. J. Campbell of Melbourne. They are rather swollen ovals in shape, and were
taken by A. Boon and Sid. W. Jackson in Vinegar Hill Scrub, near Tyringham, south-west of Grafton,
N.S.W., on the 23rd of October, 1898. An egg of this set measures in inches = 0°75 x 0°58.

This is another remarkable set, the ground colour being white, covered with delicate cobweb-like
streaks, such as we find on the eggs of the Babbler (Pomatorhinus temporalis), but of course not nearly
so well marked ; they are also faintly zoned with light brown. The following egg of the Fan-tailed
Cuckoo was found in the nest with these three eggs. They were taken at Geo. Dietz’s cedar scrub,
Don Dorrigo, New South Wales, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the r2th of October, 1898. An
egg of the clutch measures = 0°77 x 0°56.

FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Latham.
One egg, data same as latter set, and taken with the above 3 eggs. This Cuckoo chiefly
confines itself to the scrubs.

LARGE-BILLED SCRUB WREN,
Sericornis magnirostris, Gould.

This is an albino clutch, comprising the unusual complement of 5 eggs, one of which unfortunately
got broken. This is the only pure white set of this species that I have ever taken. It is an established
fact that most birds which deposit their eggs in dark places (as this and other members of the Serzcornts
family do), usually lay white eggs, such as Parrots, Rock Warblers, Pardalotes, Bee Eaters, Kingfishers,
etc., but the Sevicornts is one of the exceptions to the rule, and to find that the birds sometimes lay snow
white eggs in their dark dome-shaped pensile nests, instead of the dark chocolate-coloured form, goes
to prove that nature is trying to correct matters, and that zw//e is more suited under the circumstances.
These birds frequently lay in the nests of the Yellow-throated Scrub Wren, but we have found them
building their own nests in the Richmond and Clarence River districts of N.S.W. Further south, in
the Bellinger River scrubs, and in those at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., I have found the eggs
deposited in nests of the Yellow-throated species. This set of 4 was taken by P. Boon, A. Boon,
and Sid. W. Jackson, ina scrub near Cloud’s Creek, south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on the 24th of
October, 1898. Albino clutches of the eggs of this bird have been taken at Ourimbah by J. Ramsay

No.

No. in
J

Book.

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

and others, so this shows that the clutch which I took was by no means an exception to the rule, and
that white eggs are frequently laid instead of the chocolate coloured type, which is considered the
normal type. (See Rock Warbler, data No. 547.) An egg of this clutch measures in inches = 0°76
0°57:
ORANGE-WINGED TREE RUNNER,
Sittella chrysoptera, Latham.

Large set of 4 eggs, taken by W. McEnerny, Frank and Sid W. Jackson, six miles from South
Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 16th of September, 1894. The nest is a handsome structure,
and was placed in the upright fork of an Iron-bark Eucalypt (Zucalyptus stderophloia), at an altitude ot
60 feet. These birds possess true and wonderful instinct in making their nests accurately harmonize
with the surroundings, and they
are very difficult to detect. I
have noticed that they build upon
the dead upright forked limbs
much more frequently than on
those which are green. The
decoration of these nests, which
is often very beautiful, may be
claimed as evidence of the exist-
ence of esthetic sensibility
amongst birds ; but although my
years of observation lead me to
credit birds with a certain amount
of reasoning power, I, like other
naturalists and lovers of nature,
am inclined to think that utility
and protective mimicry are in the
main responsible for all the won-
derful skill and art displayed in
their architecture, and it is this
which makes ornithology such a
delightful study. The two accom-
panying photographs (pages 64
and 66) show how neatly these
little birds can cover or thatch
the nest with small shingles of
bark, which are perpendicularly
fastened on with cobwebs and a

glutinous secretion, making it

closely resemble the branch upon NEST OF THE WHITE-HEADED TREE RUNNER.
which it has been built. During (Nearly natural size.)

Loc., Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence River, N.S.W.

(See data No. 382, page 67.)

some seasons these birds are
rather common inthe bush about

Sydney. An egg of this clutch measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°53.

BLACK-CAPPED TREE RUNNER,
Sittella pileata, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by J. A. Hill at Kewell, near Murtoa, Victoria, on the 27th of September,
1894. The markings on these specimens are larger than on those of the previous set. An egg of this
clutch measures in inches = 0°68 x 0°53.

oO.

382

383

384

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
N

Book. Eggs.
278 3
287 3
2854
288 4
236 B

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHITE-HEADED TREE RUNNER,
Sittella leucocephala, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken at Glen Ugie Peak. This very rocky mountain, which is also known as Mt.
Elaine, is of volcanic origin. It rises abruptly from comparatively level country, and has portions of
its sides thickly clothed with luxuriant sub-tropical growth. At the foot there isa splendid forest of
immense Iron-bark Eucalypts, and other useful timbers, and it was in this locality where we found
several sets of rare eggs, a record of which will be found in the pages of this volume. The mountain
is situated 14 miles south east of Grafton, in the Clarence River district, N.S.W. This set was taken
on the rqth of October, 1894, by W. McEnerny, J. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The
nest, a photograph of which is shewn on page 66, was placed 53 feet from the ground on a dead upright
forked limb of a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Zucalyp/us corymbosa). remember the first nest and eggs
which I found of this species ; it was during September of 1888, and was placed in a Eucalypt, or gum
tree, near Gowrie Mountain, on Major H. V. King’s estate, a large sheep station not far from
Toowoomba, Queensland. During the latter part of August of the following season (1889), I found
another of these interesting nests, which was built in a thick Eucalypt in the late Hon. James Taylor’s
bush paddock, on the Drayton Road, Toowoomba. In coming down the tree with my treasured
specimens, my foot slipped out from one of the nitches, or steps, which I had cut into the tree with a
tomahawk on my way up, and I fell to the ground, a distance of over 25 feet, and sustained a com-
pound fracture of the right shoulder. This was the only accident we ever had during our many years
of collecting, and it was quite sufficient. I still possess the nest from which the eggs were taken.
An egg of this set measures = 0°61 x 0°49.

GREEN BACKED WHITE EYE,
Zosterops gouldi, Bonaparte.
Set of 3 eggs, taken near the Blackwood River, South-west Australia, by S. Hall, on the roth of
January, 1897. One egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0165 x 0°48.

WHITE-EYE OR SILVER EYE,
Zosterops cerulescens, Latham.

Set of 4 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson on Wilson’s Hill, South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 22nd of
September, 1893. ‘These little birds are very destructive to fruit, and on Belltrees Station, near Scone,
N.S.W., I noticed many of them on the grapes in the vineyard. With their sharp pointed bills
they perforate the fruit, and it soon starts to ferment and die off. This is particularly noticeable in
cases where rain has fallen shortly after a visitation of the birds. In the Clarence River district I
found them very plentiful, in fact they are numerous all along the coasts of New South Wales and the
other States, and each season they congregate and make periodical visits to the various orchards, etc.
Their note, when at its best, is a very clear canary-like whistle, which is often kept up for several
minutes. One egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°68 x 0°47.

PALE-BELLIED WHITE EYE,
Zosterops albiventer, Reichenbach.
Set of 4 eggs, taken near Normanton, North Queensland, by E. Drew, on the 3rd of December,
1897. An egg of this clutch measures = 0°65 x 0748.

BLACK-BANDED WHITE FACE.
NXerophila nigricincta, North.

This set of 3 rare eggs was taken by C. E. Cowle, at Illamurta, on the Finke River, Central
Australia, on the 6th of April, 1898. The nest was built in a Mulga bush (Acacta aneura), and placed
about ro feet from the ground ; the bird was hopping about whilst the eggs were being blown. One
egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°70 x 0°52.

A. J.

Data Campbell's No «
No. Book.
357 234
388 179
389 180
390 182

No. in

Egg

gvamineus, and like that species this bird dwells

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHITE FACE,
Xerophila leucopsts, Gould.
Pair of eggs, taken by J. A. Hill, near Kewell, Victoria, on the 3rd of September, 1893. Specimen
A. measures in inches = 0°74 x 0°55.
GRASS BIRD,
Megalurus gramineus, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by A. F. Bassett Hull and Sid. W. Jackson, at Dee Why swamp, north of
Manly, near Sydney, on the 14th of November, 1904. The nest was placed in the rushes growing
along the edge of the swamp, and was really built up over the water. An egg of the clutch measures

= 0 00) X 0°52.

TAWNY GRASS BIRD,
Megalurus galactotes, Temminck.

Pair of eggs, taken from a nest built in
grass and rushes on the edge of the creek in
front of ‘‘ Dallinga,” South Grafton, N.S.W., on
the roth of November, 1893. Several clutches
of these eggs were found in this locality, but in
nearly every instance they were in a very ad-
vanced state of incubation, which rendered them
impossible to blow. This pair was taken by
Albert Amos, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, and
was our first find. The nest was composed of dead
grass, and lined with feathers, and was a very
frail structure, not nearly so compactly put
together as is the case with that of A/ega/urus

in the reed and grass beds about swamps and
creeks, and utters a very weak and plaintive little
note. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°68
X01 3

GRASS WARBLER,

Cisticola extlis, V. and H.

Beautiful set of 4 eggs, taken by A. F.
Basset Hull and Sid. W. Jackson, at Dee Why,
north of Manly, near Sydney, on the 2rst of
January, 1906. The nest was placed only six
inches from the ground, being built near the

edge of Dee Why swamp, and had 4 large green

Dock leaves (AXuwmex) stitched around it, which NEST OF THE GRASS WARBLER.
rendered it completely hidden from view. It is Natural Size.
just wonderful how these little birds sew the Loc., Dee Why, near Manly, Sydney.

leaves together, edge to edge; and the strong (Sce data No. 390.)

cobweb, or byssine threads, are drawn so neatly,

and the stitches kept such a uniform distance apart, that one would really think it had been accom-
plished by the hand of aseamstress. The nest is a dome-shaped structure neatly lined with white
cobweb, etc, as well as the silken down or pappus from the Scotch Thistle (Cardmus danceolatus), and
the specimen shown in the accompanying photograph contained the set of eggs now under notice. On
the front portion of this nest will be seen one of the leaves, which the birds have securely sewn on with
fibre formed of strong cobweb, and around the edge of this leaf are 28 incisions, through which a silk-

Data
No.

393

No. in

A.J.
Campbell’s No. of

ook.

182

367

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

like thread has been drawn ; the other three leaves are not visible, as one covers the top of the nest,
and the other two act as a protection for the back parts. When these leaves were fresh and green the
nest looked really beautiful, and was very cleverly hidden from observation. On a hot day these birds
leave the reed and grass beds for a time to flitter about high in the air, and during their papilionaceous
flight they are continuously pouring forth their strange little notes ; then suddenly they lower in a
mysterious manner straight down to the ground, similar to the descent of the Sky Lark. The note of the
Grass Warbler is a shrill frog-like squeak, followed by two or three chirps of a softer and different tone.
The notes resemble—s-q-u-e-a-k churrup churrup, s-q-u-e-a-k churrup churrup churrup. The squeak is
uttered very slowly, but the churrups following it are produced rapidly. An average specimen of this
very pretty clutch of 4 eggs measures = 062 x 0°47.

Clutch of 4 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson on the 7th of February, 1899, at South Grafton,
N.S.W. The nest was built in a field of lucerne, and contained also an egg of the Narrow-billed Bronze
Cuckoo. This clutch is of a beautiful bluish-green, with very large brown blotches, and not
small dots as on those of the previous set taken near
Manly, Sydney. One egg of the set under notice measures
= 0°65 x o'46.

NARROW-BILLED BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococeyx basalts, Horsfield.
One egg, taken with the latter set of 4 Grass Warblers’
eggs. It measures in inches = 0°72 x 0°52.

GRASS WARBLER,
Cisticola extlis, V. and H.

Clutch of 4 eggs, taken at Pearce’s Creek, Booyong,
near Lismore, N.S.W., on the 19th of October, 1899.
The nest was built in the top portions of the Blue Weed,
or Wild Verbena (Verbena bonariensis), growing on
S. Trimble’s farm. It contained also an egg of the Bronze
Cuckoo. One egg of the set measures = 0°62 x 0°47.

BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococeyx plagosus, Latham.
One egg taken with the set of 4 Grass Warblers’
eggs. It measures in inches = 0°73 x 0°48.

MISTLETOE BIRD,
Diceum hirundinaceum, Shaw.

Set of 2 eggs, taken in the bush near ‘“ Cranbrook,”

at Rose Bay, Sydney, on the 28th of September, 1901,
by Sid. W. Jackson. The nest, which resembles a pouch,
is of a soft felt-like consistency, and was built in a bush

; : : NEST OF THE MISTLETOE BIRD,
locally known as the Pigeon Berry (Z/ecarpus obovatus).

(Natural size.)

It was suspended on a twig 15 feet from the ground, and Loc., Rose Bay, Sydney.

contained also an egg of the Narrow-billed Bronze (See data No. 393.)

Cuckoo. A photograph of the nest accompanies this

description. During August and September of last year (1906) I found three partly built nests of the
Mistletoe Bird at Roseville, near Sydney, and for some reason or other the birds had deserted each
one when only half completed. This pretty swallow-like bird often feeds on the ripe mucus berries of
the Mistletoe (Zoranthus celastroides), etc., and is responsible to a great extent for the distribution of
this growth, as, in order to free the seeds from its bill it flies to some rough-barked tree, where they are

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

Nf liberated and fall into the crevices of the bark, soon taking root. I haveseen the Spotted Eucalypti
and other trees in the Clarence River district just one mass of this parasitical pest. Our orchards in
Australia suffer from it if they are not properly looked after. Several different species of this Mistletoe
have often come under my notice in the bush, and [ have frequently found nests built in them. In
Loranthus celastroides 1 found the nests of the Crow (Corvus coronoides), Sparrow Hawk (Accifiter
cirvhocephalus), Red-browed Finch (42gintha temporalis), etc., and likewise in Loranthus pendulus, Both
these Mistletoes infest the various Eucalyptus trees. In Lovanthus linophyllus, which grows on the
393 Forest Oak (Casuarina torulosa), I have often found the nests of the Satin Bower Bird (Ptilonorhynchus
violaceus) ; and in Loranthus alyxifolius, which grows on the Booyong (Tarrietia actinophylla), and other
trees in the rich scrubs of the Richmond River district, I have on two occasions found those of the
Regent Bower Bird (Seviculus melinus). Another parasite which I found common about North Sydney
| is known as Notothixos incanus, and frequently grows on Loranthus celastyoides, or some other parasitical

growth. Specimen A. of the set measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°48.

lass 1 NARROW-BILLED BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococcyx basalis, Horsfield.
One egg, taken with the above two eggs of the Mistletoe Bird. It measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°47.

394 284 3 SUN BIRD,
Cinnyris frenata, Muller.
Set of 3 eggs, taken near Cairns, North Queensland, by a collector engaged by C. French, junr.,
on the 16th of November, 1896. They resemble tiny eggs of the Masked Wood Swallow (Artamus
personatus.) An average specimen of the clutch measures in inches = 0°62 x 0°46.

3905. -230~C««B3 WHITE-FRONTED BUSH CHAT,
Ephthianura albifrons, J. and S.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by A. F. Basset Hull and Sid. W. Jackson, at Freshwater, near Manly,
Sydney, on the 13th of October, 1901. ‘These birds are very plentiful around Sydney. An egg of the
set measures = 0°74 X 0°53.

396 230 3 Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Rose Bay, Sydney, on the 13th of September, 1902.
The nest was built in a mass of ferns on damp ground. I saw numbers of these birds on Segenhoe
Flats and Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., during the end of March this year, 1907, where they
were feeding and flying about in the Roly-poly Weed, or Saltwort (Salsola Kali). An egg of the set
measures = 0°71 X 0°52.

397 230 3 Clutch of 3 eggs, which are very long and pointed specimens, and were taken by M. W. Harrison,
at Bridgewater, Tasmania, on the 8th of September, 1900. An egg of the set measures = 0°78 x o’51.
398 231 3 TRI-COLOURED BUSH CHAT,
Ephthianura tricolor, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, which are smaller and more rounded than those of the other three species. Taken by
H. Scotney at Shamrock Wells, near Cunnamulla, Queensland, on the 24th of October, 1900. An
egg of the clutch measures = 0°62 x o'50.
399 232 3 ORANGE-FRONTED BUSH CHAT,

Ephthianura aurifrons, Gould.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by T. A. Brittlebank on the Upper Murray, Victoria, on the 26th of
November, 1900. The eggs are pure white, and sparsely spotted. An egg of the clutch measures =
0°68 x o'4g.

Data
No.

400

4o1

402

403

404

405

406

407

No, in

A. J.
Campbell’s No. of

Book.

233

126

127

379

380

381

378

Eggs.
2

Los)

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

YELLOW-BREASTED BUSH CHAT,
Ephthianura crocea, Castelnau and Ramsay.
A pair of rare eggs, taken on the banks of the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, by
C. Woodlands, on the 27th of January, 1897. The nest was placed in rushes on the edge of a swamp,
and contained 3 eggs, one of which was unfortunately broken during transit. Specimen A. measures
in inches = 0°77 xX 0.50.
SHORT-BILLED TREE TIT,
Smicrornis brevirostris, Gould.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken at Mulwala, near Deniliquin, N.S.W., by J. C. Wyburd, on the r4th of
September, 1899. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°62 X 0°42.

YELLOW-TINTED TREE TIT,
Smicyornis flavescens, Gould.

One rare egg, taken from a nest near Burketown, North-west Queensland by E. Drew, on the 26th
of October, 1893. The egg is smaller than those of the previous species, and measures in inches =
0°56 x o'4o.

BLACK AND WHITE SWALLOW,
Chevamacca leucosternum, Gould.

Splendid clutch of 4 eggs, taken by S. Robinson at Byrock, New South Wales, on the 24th of
October, 1898. The nest was placed at the extremity of a tunnel which the birds had made in the
bank of a creek. One egg is totally devoid of all markings. Specimen A, measures = 0°67 X 0°47.

TREE MARTIN,
Petvochelidon nigricans, Vieillot.

Clutch of 3 eggs, taken froma hollow spout of a Red or Flood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata)
standing on the edge of Duck Swamp, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 5th of
September, 1897. The nest was placed 59 feet from the ground, and it was difficult to cut the
eggs out from the limb without smashing them. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. During the
season these birds are very plentiful on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W. Specimen A. measures
in inches = 0°72 x o'51.

Perfect set of 5 eggs, taken from the spout of a Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus rostrata), near the Race-
course at South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 17th of August, 1898. The nest was placed just 49 feet from
the ground. Taken by A. Amos, W. McEnerny, J. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. An egg
of the clutch measures = 0°70 x 0°50.

FAIRY MARTIN,
Petrochelidon ariel, Gould.

Set of 4 eggs, which are very elongated specimens, and was taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson
on the 26th of October, 1895. The nest was built on the south bank of the Clarence River, near
Grafton, N.S.W., being placed about ten feet above the water, while the grass hanging over the edge
partly sheltered it. One egg of the set is completely devoid of all markings, while the remaining three
are thickly spotted all over. We have found these bottle-shaped mud nests built in quite a variety of
positions, under verandahs, in old tunnels, in school sheds, etc., and during a recent visit to Brisbane,
Q., I saw many of the nests which had been built upon the wall of the Public Library there, and the
little birds darted happily to and fro between the tall round pillars of masonry, just as if the great
building had been erected for their own benefit. An average specimen of the clutch measures =
0°73 x 0°46.

WELCOME SWALLOW,
Hivrundo neoxena, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken from a nest which was built on the large girders under the Government Ferry
Wharf at South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 17th of August, 1897. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson. During
one afternoon in September of 1891 I counted over 50 of these nests on the girders of the above wharf.
For several years at Grafton, in the Clarence River district, I noticed these birds congregated in

Data Campbell's No. 0
y Eggs.

No.

409

No. in
A.J

Book

os)
~
~

128

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

thousands during autumn on the dead limbs of trees, which were often quite black with them. It was
evidently their annual meeting preparatory to their migration by taking flight to warmer parts in North
Australia and elsewhere. Next morning they would be all gone, having departed during the night
unnoticed, save a few stragglers who had rallied up too late to join the others. At Mullion Creek,
near Orange, N.S.W., some few years ago, a very large hollow tree had been felled during the winter,
and strange to say was found to be full of Swallows
in a torpid state. It was not far from the Mullion
Creek railway station, and in fairly rough country.
An egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°72

x 0°50.
EASTERN SWALLOW,
flivundo javanica, Sparrman.

Set of 3 eggs, taken at Thursday Island, Torres
Straits, North Queensland, on the 3oth of Sep-
tember, 1895, by W. Black. They are very heavily
blotched all over, and are a little different to those
of the previous species. An egg of the clutch
measures = 0°73 x 0°48.

WHITE-THROATED FLY EATER OR
NATIVE CANARY,
Gerygone albigularis, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken at South Grafton, Clarence
River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 31st of
July, 1892. The nest, which is shown in the
accompanying photograph, was placed in a Spotted
Eucalypt sapling (Eucalyptus maculata), on Blanch’s
Ridge. The beautiful dome-shaped nests of this
bird are often placed in saplings which are covered
with ants, and it would be interesting to know why
such trees are chosen. In the Clarence River
district we have sometimes found these pensile
nests placed in trees at an altitude of 50 feet, and
in such cases they are well hidden from the eye of
the collector. The nests are constructed of bark,
and are sometimes over a foot in length, the tails
being very long. This sweet singing Fly Eater,
which is better known as the Native or Bush
Canary, was very plentiful everywhere last season
(1906), and I found it very common about Sydney.

In some nests, which contained an egg of the
Bronze Cuckoo, I found that there was an opening

NES’ OF THE WHITE-THROATED FLY EATER,

at the back, which I presume was the work of the é
(Half natural size.)

Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.
her egg. An egg of the set measures in inches = (See data No, 409.)

Cuckoo on leaving the nest after she had deposited

0°67 X 0°45.
Taken by T. Williams, near Rockhampton, Queensland, on the 3rd of December, rgor. An egg
of the Little Bronze Cuckoo was found with this set of 3 eggs. Specimen A. measures = 0°71 x 0°46,

LITTLE BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococcya malayanus, Raffles.

One egg, taken with latter set of eggs. It measures in inches = 0°74 x 0o’50.

Data
No.

Ail

414

No. in

TNR
Campbell's No. of

Book.
136

130

132

Eggs.

ro)

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

BLACK-THROATED FLY EATER,
Pseudogerygonz personata, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken at Cape York, North Queensland, by H. Barnard, during November of 13896.
(See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 163.) An egg of this rare set measures = 0°72 X 0°45.

SOUTHERN FLY EATER,
Pseudogerygone culicivora, Gould.
One egg, which was taken near Albany, in Western Australia, during October of 1889, by A. J.
Campbell. It measures = 0°65 x 0°45.

LARGE-BILLED FLY EATER,
Pseudogerygone magnirostris, Gould.

Two eggs, taken by E. Drew, on the Mangrove belts near the mouth o. the Nicholson River,
North-west Queensland, on the 1st of January, 1895.
During September of 1887 I founda Fly Eater’s nest
built ina Mangrove tree (Avicennia officinalis), which
stood in the open waters of Moreton Bay, Queensland,
and from it I took an egg of the Bronze Cuckoo,
which specimen is now in this collection. (See data

No. 103.) Specimen A. measures = 0°67 x 0'50.

BROWN FLY EATER,

Pseudogerygone fusca, Gould.
Very large clutch of 5 eggs; 3 are usually found.
It was taken at Binna Burra scrubs, about 18 miles
north-east of Lismore, Richmond River district, New
South Wales, on the 3rd of November, 1899. The
nest is a beautiful structure, and was suspended from
the extremity of a Lawyer Vine (Calamus australis.)
See accompanying photograph. ‘There is no scrub at
Binna Burra now (1907), the rapid and marvellous
growth of the dairying industry having necessitated the
cutting away of many miles of rich tropical growth,
both here and on other rivers of north-eastern New
South Wales. The beautiful Don Dorrigo lands, ot
the Upper Bellinger River district, are now being
selected and put under cultivation, and all the valuable

timbers being destroyed. It was in this Don Dorrigo
scrub that we found the Atrichia’s nest and eggs, as well

NEST OF THE BROWN FLY EATER.

as other species, during October of 1898. Taken by W, Ouicre than half natoral size
McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest of this Loc., Binna Burra Scrubs, Richmond River.
bird is a very beautiful dome-shaped structure, com- (See data No, 414.)

posed of fine roots and long threads of a green tree-
climbing moss (/Zypnum), and is decorated with the white silk-like webs and cocoons of spiders, and
frequently quite a quantity of lichen is fastened to it. The bird lives in the rich dense scrubs, and I
have never met with one in the forest or open bush. Its note is quite different to that of the White-
throated Fly Eater, and is a feeble little twitter which resembles—‘ two tid ed ed, two tid ed ed, two
tid ed ed,” and is uttered rapidly, the ¢/d ed ed being of a higher tone than the first note. Specimen A.
of this set measures in inches = 0°63 x 0°47.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson in the scrub at 3umble Creek, Ourimbah, near Gosford,
N.S.W., on the 15th of October, 1904. The nest was suspended from a branch of the large-leaved

nos THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

Maiden’s Blush tree (Echinocarpus australis.) In company with Harold Blakeney I found several of
these nests at Ourimbah, in December of 1905, but the birds had deserted them, and those which
originally contained one egg were found empty on our second visit, whereas they really should have had
two or three eggs in each. They are the strangest little creatures in the bush, on account of the way in
which they carry their eggs away from the nests. An egg of this set measures = 0°60 x 0°43.

Drawer Lu.

{100 3 RESTLESS FLYCATCHER,
Sisura inguieta, Latham.
Well marked set of 3 eggs, taken by C. Reid and Sid. W. Jackson, at Swan Creek, Clarence River,
416 N.S.W., on the 16th of September, 1894. The nest, which contained also an egg of the Pallid Cuckoo,
was built in a Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus vobusta), at an altitude of 40 feet. Specimen A. measures
= 0'70) x O'5S.
PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
One egg, taken with the above set of 3 Flycatcher’s eggs. This Cuckoo lays a very small egg for

its size. It measures = 0’92 x 0'7O.

SHINING FLYCATCHER,
Piezovhynchus nitidus, Gould.

417-104

Set of 3 eggs, taken by E. Drew from
one of the Mangrove belts on the Nicholson
River, North-west Queensland, on the
24th of December, 1895. Specimen A.

measures = 0°83 xX 0°59.

SATIN FLYCATCHER,
Myiagra nitida, Gould.

418 97

Set of 3 eggs, taken by M. W.
Harrison, at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on the
ist of December, 1894. Specimen A.
measures = 0°74 X 0°56.

LEADEN-COLOURED FLY-
CATCHER,
Mytagra rubecula, Latham.

Set of 3 eggs, taken on the 3rd of
December, 1893, by Frank and Sid. W. NEST OF THE LEADEN-COLOURED FLYCATCHER.
Jackson, at Clarenza, South Grafton, New LARC aeaSe sce)

South Wales. The nest, a photograph
of which accompanies this description, was

419 95

Loc., Clarenza, South Grafton, N.S.W.
(See data No. 419.)

built on a small dead limb of a tall Yellow Box Eucalypt (Zucalyptus melliodora), and placed at an
altitude of 69 feet. We found many of these pretty nests, and they were always very high up in
the Eucalyptus trees, being in such awkward positions as to render them often very difficult to scoop
the eggs from. I also found several nests built in the tall Blackbutt trees (Zucalyptus filudaris)
about Roseville and Chatswood, near Sydney, during September and October of 1906. An egg of the
set measures = 0°68 x 0°53.

oO.
420

421

423

424

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
N

Book. Eggs.
96 = 3
94 3
94 3
— 2

108 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

BLUE FLYCATCHER,
Myiagra concinna, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken 30 miles inland from Burketown, North-west Queensland, by E. Drew, on the
8th of December, 1895. The nest was built on a thin horizontal branch of a Eucalypt, near his
camp. An egg of this clutch of rare specimens measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°52.

BLACK AND WHITE FANTAIL,
Rhipidura tricolor, Vieillot.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Clarenza, near Swan Creek, South Grafton, N.S.W., on
the 16th of September, 1894. The ground colour of this set is very light, being almost pure white.
The nest was found in a Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca). Specimen A. measures = 0°77 x 0°58.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Swan Creek, South Grafton, Clarence River,
N.S.W., on the 2oth of October, 1893. The nest was built in an Apple tree (Angophora subvelutina),
and near one of the Magpie Lark (Grad/ina). These happy little birds I have found frequently build-
ing their neat cobweb-bound nests near those of the Magpie Lark, and in Toowoomba, Queensland, it
was nearly always the case. This clutch is of the dark ground variety, and the 3 eggs are beautifully
zoned near the centre. In the Clarence River district we found the nests sometimes built upon small
horizontal roots, which projected from the banks of small gullies. They often build very high, and we have
seen some nests which were placed at an altitude of eighty feet, and in such cases it is quite impossible
to discover them, unless the birds are observed going to and fro. During October of last season (1906),
in company with J. W. Dawson, | found one nest placed over eighty feet from the ground, in a Black-
butt Eucalypt (Zucalptus filularis) in the bush west of Chatswood, near Sydney. This bird, which
is also well known as the ‘“‘ Wagtail or Shepherd’s Companion,” may frequently be seen dancing up and
down the backs of cattle and horses, etc., in search of insects, such as gnats, flies, small moths, and
other microlepidoptera, etc., and it also hops about in the grass before the very mouths of these
animals while they are feeding, watching to capture the insects as they are hunted from their hiding places
on the ground. The note of this bird, which resembles “sweet pretty little creature,” I have often
heard on calm moonlight nights ; likewise those of other diurnal birds, such as the Blue Wren, Reed
Warbler, Forest Kingfisher, etc. The Wagtail is well known throughout Australia, owing to its very tame
and domestic habits. One egg of the set measures in inches = 077 x 0’58.

NORTHERN FANTAIL,
Sauloprocta picata, Gould.

This species is not in A. J. Campbell’s book, but is quoted in Gould’s Handbook to the Birds of
Australia, spm. 140. This set of two eggs was taken at Normanton, Gulf of Carpentaria district, North
Queensland, on the 16th of July, 1895, by a man engaged by E. Drew. These eggs are much smaller
and rounder than those of their southern congener (X. fvicolor). The markings are very minute.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°53.

BLACK-FACED FLYCATCHER,
Monarcha melanopsts, Vieillot.

Beautiful set of 3 eggs, which are heavily zoned at the larger ends, and resemble small eggs of the
Grallina picata. The eggs in this clutch are unusually large, and boldly blotched. Taken by Arthur
A. and P. Boon, and Sid. W. Jackson, in a scrub near Tyringham, about 55 miles south-west of
Grafton, N.S.W., on the 23rd of October, 1898. The nest, as usual, was a magnificent structure,
ornamented with climbing and other mosses (/A/ypnum, Meteorium), which were actually alive and
glistened with moisture as they grew around the cup-shaped nest. The inside was neatly lined with
fine black hair-like fern roots, which could very easily be mistaken for horse-hair prior to close inspection.
I found more of these handsome nests in the scrubs at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., than I did
anywhere else, and my finds there totalled up to 34 nests for season 1905, from which I took a good

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No of

No.

425

No. in

Book.

108

Eggs

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

number of sets. These eggs vary considerably in their shape and size, and in the general disposition
of the markings. In order to facilitate matters when hunting for the nests of this species, the pair of
birds should first of all be located, and to do so requires some care and patience. They can
afterwards be watched with much more comfort, and if building operations are going on you will soon
notice them carrying moss ; then by carefully watching their movements you can trace them up to the
spot. The nests are generally very picturesque in their situation, and are placed in quite a variety of
positions, but they mostly like to build near a creek running through a well-shaded part of the scrub.
Some I have found placed only four feet from the ground, others twelve, and again I have taken some
at a height of over 30 feet in the Maiden’s Blush tree (Zchinocarpus australis). The most familiar note
of the bird is, as near as I can describe it, “ give usa chew, whack, give us a chew.” Often it is repeated
several times quickly without the wack to it, but ultimately itis brought in. (See A. J. Campbell’s
book at foot of page 133, and top of page 134). These birds very often desert their nests if you pass
close to where they are busy building. My first acquaintance with this fascinating Flycatcher, and also
with their nests and eggs, was made under very favourable conditions in the scrubs near the Monkey
Waterholes, at the foot of the mountain range below Picnic Point, near Toowoomba, Queensland,
during October of 1883. Two nests were found, one of which contained two fresh eggs, which went
into the collection of L. and Sid. Isles, who were also members of the Grammar School party of
ramblers on that occasion. An average specimen of the set measures in inches = 0°96 x 0°67.

Perfect set of 3 eggs, and are not so heavily
blotched as the latter set, but the markings are
more broken away from the zone at the larger
ends. Data same as set No. 424. Specimen
A. measures = 0'90 X 0°67.

Set of 3 eggs, taken at Booyong, near Lis-
more, N.S.W., by I. Foster, W. McEnerny, and
Sid. W. Jackson, on the 11th of November,
1899. The spots are more evenly distributed
all over the shell in this set. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 0°88 x 0°63.

Set of 3 eggs, with markings which are
almost infinitesimal, and is the only clutch I
have seen so very finely spotted. ‘Taken near
Geo. Dietz’s Cedar scrub, Don Dorrigo, Upper
Bellinger River, New South Wales, on the 13th

of October, 1898, by Jno. McEnerny, Frank and

Sid. W. Jackson. The ground colour in this

set is very white. Specimen A. measures in NEST OF THE BLACK-FACED FLYCATCHER.
(Less than half natural size.)

Loc., Tyringham, near Grafton, N.S.W.
Set of 2 eggs, well marked all over. They (See data No. 424, page 75.)

were taken from a nest in Frazer’s gully, opposite

“Ashleigh,” Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., on the 12th of December, 1905, by Sid. W. Jackson.
The nest was built in a small tree growing in the rocky bed of the palm and fern clad gully. I found
that two eggs generally formed the full clutch at Ourimbah scrubs, and not three, as was nearly always
the case in the Clarence and Richmond River districts. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0o'go
x 0°68.

inches = 0°93 x 068.

BROWN FLYCATCHER,

Micreca fascinans, Latham.
Set of 2 eggs, taken on the zoth of September, 1894, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Ti Tree
Creek, South Grafton, N.S.W. The nest was built at the end of a horizontal branch of a Bloodwood

i oe

No. in

ook.

~
N

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
N Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

Eucalypt (Zucalyptus corymbosa), at an altitude of 46 feet. It was very small, and only measured one
inch and a half across. This Flycatcher, which is also well known to Australians as the “‘ Jacky Winter ”
or “‘Stumper,” is certainly one of the most plainly coloured of our native birds, and by the casual observer
is passed almost unnoticed. Most of the Flycatchers leave us and go north during the cold months,
but Jacky Winter stays behind and keeps us company, and hence the name. During the winter, when
most of the other birds are dull, his clear sweet—‘‘ tweet-tweet-tweet, twitter-twitter-twitter,” may be
heard incessantly all through the day, though in the mornings he is at his best. Before sunrise, and ere
many of us have left our beds, he gives us the whole repertoire of his songs ; besides, he is for ever on
the move, positively displaying a spirit of the utmost happiness and contentment. During breeding
season, and when the hen bird is sitting on her tiny nest, which has been securely fastened with cob-
webs into the fork of a thin horizontal limb, he seats himself on the very pinnacle of the tallest dead
branch of the tree, fanning his tail from side to side, and singing away as if all the world had ears
turned towards him ; then he suddenly flies down after some small insect, and quite fearlessly brings
his little pallid body within a few feet of your face. Snip-snap his little bill goes, and on capturing his
dainty morsel he returns to his elevated seat, and repeats his song. We find him everywhere; in the
wild and most solitary parts of the bush, in the country town, or around the cottage and the farm yard,
and he is even to be heard frequently twittering away in the tall trees of the large parks and gardens of
Sydney. He loves company, and therefore likes to dwell near habitation if possible. The nest is the
smallest made by any of the Australian birds.
Specimen A. measures = 0°73 X 0°55.

Set of 2 eggs, taken in the bush at Rose-
ville, near Sydney, by J. W. Dawson and
Sid. W. Jackson, on the 23rd of November,
1906. The nest was built on a dead branch
of a Peach tree, which stood beside a
Christmas Bush ( Ceratofetalum gummiferum),
near a narrow creek, and was situated only
Io feet from the ground. (See accompanying
photograph.) Specimen A. measures =
OVt X 0153:

SQUARE-TAILED CUCKOO,

Cacomantis variolosus, Horsfield.

Taken with the latter set of Brown Fly-
catchers’ eggs. Data ditto. This Cuckoo's
egg measures = 0°74 X 0°55.

LESSER BROWN FLYCATCHER,
Micreca assimilis, Gouid.

NEST AND EGGS OF THE BROWN FLYCATCHER, AND
ALSO AN EGG OF THE SQUARE-TAILED CUCKOO,

One egg only, which was taken from a

nest near Broome, North-west Australia, by Pxae saitceknnel wee)
(Almost nz

F. J. Buttler, during the first week of Sep- Loc., Roseville, near Sydney.
tember, 1898. It measures in inches = 0°70 (See data No. 430.)
x 0°52.

SPECTACLED FLYCATCHER,
Monarcha gouldi, Gray.

Beautiful set of 2 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton,
Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 31st of December, 1893. The nest, which is shown in the accompany-
ing photograph on page 78, was composed of green moss, the outside of which was decorated with the
green and white cocoons, or egg-bags, of spiders, and was lined inside with black hair-like roots, similar
to those used in the nests of AM/onarcha melanopsis. It was placed in the fork of a small shrub, four

Data Campbell's No. of
Book Eggs

433

No. in
AJ

100

ios)

452 1
86 2

}

|
155 ,
56 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

feet from the ground, on the South bank of Alipou Creek. These birds were very numerous in the
scrubs of the Clarence River district during 1893. The nest is still in perfect condition. An egg of
this set measures in inches = 0°82 x o’6o.
WHITE-BELLIED FLYCATCHER,
Monarcha albiventris, Gould.

Perfect clutch of 3 eggs, taken near Cairns, North Queensland, by W. Burton, on the 8th of
November, 1898. The eggs are similar to those of the previous species, but are more rounded and
much smaller. Two eggs usually form the setting. An egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°72
x o°55-

WHITE-SHAFTED FANTAIL,
Rhipidura albiscapa, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson in the Ourimbah scrubs near Gosford, N.S.W., on the 15th
of December, 1905. An egg of the Square-tailed Cuckoo
was also found in the nest. Specimen A. measures in inches

= IO/02 % O7AG-

SQUARE-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis vartolosus, Horsfield.
One egg, taken with latter set of Fantails’ eggs. It

measures in inches = 0°76 x 0°53.

WHITE-SHAFTED FANTAIL,
Rhipidura albiscapa, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, which are very small specimens, and were
taken near Middle Harbour, Roseville, Sydney, by Sid. W.
Jackson, on the 2nd of December, 1906. An egg of the
Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo was also found in the nest.
See photograph on page 79. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 0°58 x o'46.

NARROW-BILLED BRONZE CUCKOO,
Chalcococeyx basalis, Horsfield.

One egg, taken with latter set of Fantails’ eggs. This
Cuckoo utters a long shrill plaintive note, which is often kept
up incessantly for many hours during the stillness of the
night, and irritates a person to such an extent that his

sleep is entirely lost. While I was camped in the Booyong
scrubs, near Lismore, N.S.W., in 1899, one of these birds
NEST OF THE SPECTACLED FLYCATCHER.
(More than half natural size.)
Loc., Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W.
Booyong tree (Larrtetia actinophylla) near my tent, and it (See data No. 432, page 77.)

haunted the locality, and for two weeks kept up its aggra-
vating note all night, as it sat well out of reach in a tall

caused me very much annoyance—in fact, for weeks after I
imagined I could hear the distressed call of that wretched bird. The egg measures in inches =
O70 xX" 0747,
WHITE-SHAFTED FANTAIL,
Rhipidura albiscapa, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken on the banks of the Orara River, near Grafton, N.S.W., on the 21st of August,
1892. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The beautiful cobweb-bound nests of this species
resemble, with their long tapering tails, a wine glass with the flat base removed. In the Clarence River
district I have known this species, and also the Rufous Fantail, to frequently remove their eggs from
the nest if they saw any person near the tree. If a nest was discovered containing only a single egg,

No, in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data’ Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

and it was left in order to get the fullsitting, this specimen would be found broken on the ground under
the nest the next morning, or be removed altogether. On the other hand, however, if you took the single
egg, then a second one would be found in the nest the following day. This seems very perplexing, and
H. Barnard had just the same experience with the eggs of Prince Albert Rifle Bird of Paradise (Palorhis
alverti) in the scrubs at Cape York, North Queensland, during 1896. Specimen A. measures in inches
= 066 x 047.
437 By 3 WESTERN FANTAIL,
Rhipidura pretsst, Cabanis.
Set of 3 eggs, taken near Broome, North-west Australia, by F. J. Buttler, on the 14th of Novembeg,
1898. The ground colour is nearly white in these specimens.
The birds are plentiful in certain parts of the north-west
coast. An egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0*60 x
0°47.
438 88 3 DUSKY FANTAIL,
Rhipidura diemenensts, Sharpe.
Set of 3 eggs, taken at Bridgewater, Tasmania, by
A. Ross, on the 4th of September, 1893. An egg of the
clutch measures = 0°63 x 0°48.

439 Or. , 2 NORTHERN FANTAIL,
Rhipidura setosa, Q. and G.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by C. Woodlands in the Nicholson
River district, North-west Queensland, on the 3rd of Novem-
ber, 1897. The nest was placed ona thin horizontal branch
of a small Eucalypt, leaning out over acreek. An egg of the
clutch measures in inches = 0°64 x 0°47.

440 93 2 WHITE-FRONTED FANTAIL,
Rhipidura phasiana, De Vis.

Set of 2 of these rare eggs (not described in A. J.
Campbell’s book), taken by E. Drew (who had found these
nests before) near Normanton, Gulf of Carpentaria, North
Queensland, on the 3rd of January, 1896. The eggs, which
are nearly white, are zoned at the larger ends with small
roundish dots of slate and brownish-grey. An egg of the
clutch measures in inches = 061 x 0°47.

RUFOUS FANTAIL,
Rhipidura rufifrons, Latham.
Set of 2 eggs, and also one belonging to the Square-
tailed Cuckoo, Taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Ourimbah,
near Gosford, N.S.W., opposite the railway station, in the

1°)
Se)
ty

on a Scrub Vine (Vitis) hanging across a track, and situated (Almost natural size.)
1o feet from the ground. An egg of the clutch measures in Loc., Roseville, near Sydney.

!
|
440 + scrub, on the 4th of December, 1905. The nest was built nest of THE WHITE-SHAFTED FANTAIL.
|
| inches = 0°68 x o'47 (See data No. 435, page 78.)
= 7.

452 «I SQUARE-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis vartolosus, Latham.
One egg, taken with the latter set of 2 Rufous Fantails’ eggs. It measures in inches = 0°72 x
0°54.

Data Campbell's No. of

No.

442

443

445

446

447

448

449

450

No. in
A.J

Book.
89

397

320

326

Eggs.

)

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

RUFOUS FANTAIL,
Rhipidura rufifrons, Latham.
Set of 3 eggs, which are unusually large and beautifully zoned specimens. Taken by Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson in the Don Dorrigo scrubs, Upper Bellinger River district, N.S.W., on the 4th of
October, 1898. An egg of this splendid clutch measures in inches = 0°74 x 0°52.

Set of 3 eggs, which are much smaller than those of the two previous clutches. Taken by Fred.
Smidt and Sid. W. Jackson in the scrub on Susan Island, in the Clarence River opposite Grafton,
N.S.W., on the 16th of December, 1892. The nest was built ina Zazfana bush. An egg of the set
measures in inches = 0°63 x 0°48.

STRIPED HONEY EATER,
Plectorhynchus lanceolatus, Gould.

Beautiful clutch of 4 eggs, taken by J. Bell at Pearl Creek, North Queensland, on the oth of Sep-
tember, 1898. The eggs are not unlike some specimens of those of Monarcha melanopsis. This bird,
which confines itself to the interior parts of N.S.W., is seldom met with on the coast, and during my
peregrinations I only came across it twice, my first acquaintance with it being made at Copmanhurst,
Upper Clarence River district, N.S.W., during January of 1900. While on a visit to the Ourimbah
scrubs, near Gosford, N.S.W., in November of 1905, I again had the pleasure of meeting with this
interesting species, and paid much attention to its extraordinary note, which is a very clear sweet
whistle, and is kept up for a considerable time, being rather like a loud warble of the White Eye
(Zosterops). When first I heard it, and before seeing the bird, I immediately concluded it was a Bower
Bird engaged mimicking the latter species. Specimen A. measures = 0°88 x 0°68.

The eggs of this set are very long specimens, and not nearly so rounded as those of the latter set.
Data ditto. Specimen A. of the clutch measures = 0°98 x 0°68.

YELLOW-TUFTED HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis auricomts, Latham.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson at Botany Bay, Sydney, on the 22nd of October, 1go2.
An egg of the Pallid Cuckoo was also found in the nest. Specimen A. measures = 0°87 x 0°62.

PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
One egg, taken with latter set. It measures = o-92 x 0°68.

YELLOW-FACED HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis chrysops, Latham.
This heavily blotched clutch of 3 eggs was taken by Sid. W. Jackson, in the bush at Rose Bay,
Sydney, on the 13th of September, 1902. This bird was very common in the bush at Five Dock, near
Sydney, during season 1890. An egg of the set measures = 0°83 x 0°57.

Set of 3 eggs, which are lighter in the ground colour, and not so heavily blotched as those of the
latter set. Taken by A. Boon, at Cloud’s Creek, near Grafton, N.S.W., on the 29th of July, 1895.
An egg of the set measures = 0°80 x 0°57.

YELLOW-SPOTTED HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis notata, Gould. .
Set of 2 eggs, taken by Harry Barnard, at Cape York, North Queensland, on the 4th of November,
1896. Specimen A. measures = 0°84 x 0°62.

SINGING HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis sonora, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by T. A. Brittlebank at Myrniong, Victoria, on the 6th of October, 1900.
I found the nest and eggs of this species only on one occasion, and that was near South Grafton,
N.S.W., during September of 1891. One egg of the clutch measures = 0°92 x 0°68.

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

451 330 2 YELLOW-THROATED HONEY HATER,
Ptilotis flavigularis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by M. W. Harrison at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on the 29th of September, 1898.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°93 x 0°65.

452 338 2 WHITE-PLUMED HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis penicillata, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken on the 23rd of October, 1898, at Cloud’s Creek, south-west of Grafton, N.S.W.,
by A. Boon and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest was built in the fronds of a Tree Fern (A/sophila).
Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°78 X 0°57.

338 2 Set of 2 eggs, white ground variety, taken by J. W. Mellor at the Reedbeds, near Adelaide, South
Australia, on the roth of September, 1885. Specimen A. is larger than specimen B., and it measures
= 0°80 x 0°57.

453

WHITE-EARED HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis leucotis, Latham.
Set of 2 eggs, taken at Little Bay, near Sydney, by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 23rd of October, 1902.
The nest was built in a small Melaleuca bush. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°82 x o'6o.

we
w
Ny
nN

454

3 FUSCOUS HONEY EATER,
Ptilotis fusca, Gould.
(Ptilotis lewini are in drawer M,)

Set of 3 eggs, which are unusually large and very dark coloured specimens, was taken by
W. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the oth of September, 1894, at Sandy Creek, near South
Grafton, N.S.W. The nest was placed at an altitude of 30 feet, in a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus
corymbosa). This bird I found very common in the Eucalyptus forests of the Clarence River district.
An egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°79 x 0°58.

456

w
i)
N
n

Set of 2 eggs, which are much smaller and lighter coloured specimens than those of the latter set.
Taken near Bostobric, Don Dorrigo, New South Wales, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 14th of
October, 1898. Specimen A. of this set measures = 0°72 x 0°53.

457 318 2 PIED HONEY EATER,
Entomophila leucomelas, Cuvier.

Clutch of 2 eggs, taken by L. Dumas, in the north-west of Australia, on the 3rd of November,
1gor. One egg is more pointed and darker than the other, while in colour they are quite different to all
the other eggs of the Honey Eater family, and resemble small specimens of those of the common Wood
Swallow (A. sordidus). An egg of this rare and interesting set measures in inches = 0°89 x 0°63.

BLOOD HONEY EATER,
Myzomela sanguinolenta, Latham.

Perfect set of 3 eggs, taken at Yellow Gully, six miles from South Grafton, N.S.W., on the rrth of
November, 1894, by R. Helms, W. McEnerny, J. McEnerny, W. Toole, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
The nest was placed at the extremity of a long limb of a tree (Duboisia Sf.), and in order to procure
the eggs from it a long pole was erected and secured with three guy lines, the rare specimens being thus
safely landed. In company with J. P. Macfarlane I saw great numbers of these birds at Bulimba, near

458 291

Brisbane, during September of 1906, where they were feeding on the white honey-laden blossoms of
the tall Swamp Ti Trees (Melaleuca), which were just dotted with these pretty little blood-coloured
creatures, and the trees looked half red and white; I never saw so many congregated together before
anywhere. We have only taken about seven clutches of these eggs altogether, during our residence of
nearly ten years in the Clarence River district of New South Wales. Some seasons they breed freely
about Sydney, which is the stronghold for a great many of the Meliphagide. An egg of this clutch
measures in inches = 0°62 x 0°47.

Data Campbell's No. of
Eggs.

No.

459

460

461

493

464

465

466

467

No. in

Book.
293

346

348

347

349

345

3°99

308

310

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

BLACK HONEY EATER,
Myzomela nigra, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, which are unfortunately badly blown specimens. They were taken in the interior
of Victoria during September of 1890. The eggs very much resemble heavily blotched specimens of
those of the Rufous Fantail, only they are smaller and more compressed ovals. Specimen A. of this
clutch measures in inches = 0°58 x 0°47.

WHITE-BEARDED HONEY EATER,
Meliornis nove hollandia, Latham.
Set of 3 eggs, large specimens, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at Rose Bay, near ‘‘ Cranbrook,” State
Government House, Sydney, on the 22nd of January, 1904. The nest was placed ina cluster of the
beautiful Tecoma australis, One egg of the clutch measures in inches = 0°84 x 0°57.

WHITE-CHEEKED HONEY EATER,
Meliornis sericea, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken at Lindfield, Sydney, on oth of August, 1906, by Sid. W. Jackson. The nest
was built in a small shrub, and placed only six inches from the ground. The birds took twenty days to
build the nest, which is a rather unusual length of time. An egg of the clutch measures = 0°75 x 0°58.

LONG-BILLED HONEY BATER,
Meliornis longivostris, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken near Albany, West Australia, on the 1oth of February, 1903, by T. Harris.
An egg of the clutch measures = 0°85 x 0'6o.

MOUSTACHED HONEY BATER,
Meltornis mystacalis, Gould.
Set of 3 pale specimens, taken by T. Harris, near Albany, West Australia, on the 7th of December,
1902. An average specimen of the clutch measures in inches = 0°83 x 0°57.

CRESCENT HONEY EATER,
Meliornis australasiana, Shaw.
Clutch of 3 eggs, taken by M. W. Harrison at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on the 11th of October, 18096.
An egg of the set measures in inches = 0°73 x 0°55.

WHITE-FRONTED HONEY EBATER,
Glycyphila albifrons, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by T. A. Brittlebank in the northern Mallee country of Victoria, on the goth
of October, 1899. Specimen A. measures = 0°75 x 0°55.

FULVOUS-FRONTED HONEY EATER,
Glycyphila fulvifrons, Lewin.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by A. F. Basset Hull and Sid. W. Jackson, at Freshwater, near Manly,
Sydney, on the 29th of September, 1901. This bird is rather plentiful about Manly and La Perouse,

near Sydney, where it confines itself to the heath and stunted vegetation. An egg of the clutch
measures = 0°83 x 0°60.

WHITE-BREASTED HONEY EATER,
Glycyphila fasciata, Gould.
Set of 2 rare eggs, taken by H. Barnard in the Dawson River district, North Queensland, on the
13th of November, 1893. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°73 x 0°53.

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No, of
Eggs.

No.

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

No. in

Book.

311

316

317

3t3

arg

301

302

450

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

BROWN HONEY EATER,
Glycyphila oculavis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken on the Fitzroy River, North Queensland, by H. Barnard, on the 24th of
August, 1902. ‘These specimens are white, and possess rather large blotches. Specimen A. measures
in inches = 0°63 x o*4o.

Data same as latter set. The eggs of this clutch are of a pale flesh-ground colour, and possess
perfect zones of very minute markings. Specimen A. measures = 0°61 x 0°48.

RED-THROATED HONEY EATER,
Entomophila rvufigularis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by G. A. Keartland at the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, North-
west Australia, on the r2th of February, 1897. The larger egg of the two measures = 0°72 x 0°47.

RUFOUS-BREASTED HONEY BATER,
Entomophila albigulavis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by C. Woodlands on the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, on the
16th of January, 1898. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 379.) Very rare. Specimen A. measures
= 076 X 0°53. Specimen B. = 0°72 x 0°52.

BROWN-BACKED HONEY EATER,
Glycyphila modesta, Gray.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by C. A. Barnard, at North Queensland, in the Ti Tree (Melaleuca) country,
on the ist of December, 1893. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°73 x 0°47.

Set of 2 eggs, data same as latter set. One egg is inrather poor condition. Specimen A. measures
= 067 x 048.
BLACK-CHINNED HONEY EATER,
Melithveptus gulavis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken on the 30th of December, 1897, at Glen Ugie Peak, near South Grafton,
N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest was built in a Ti Tree (JZelaleuca), and the eggs
were in a very advanced state of incubation. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°71 x 0°56.

STRONG-BILLED HONEY EATER,
Melithreptus validivostris, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken near Circular Head, Tasmania, by H. Ross, on the 27th of October, 1896.

Specimen A. of this beautiful clutch measures = 0°77 x 0°57.

WHITE-NAPED HONEY BATHER,
Melithreptus lunulatus, Shaw.

One egg, which was taken with an egg of the Pallid Cuckoo by Geo. Shepherd, near Somerville,
Victoria, on the 13th of December, 1897. I found several nests of this species about Sydney, but was
always unfortunate in finding those which contained young birds. ‘This specimen measures in inches
= 0°74 X 0756.

PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.

One egg, taken with the latter. This Cuckoo visits us regularly every September, and departs
again to the northern climes in February and March. During season of 1590 my brother (Frank T. A.
Jackson), and I when strolling through Rodd’s bush paddock at Five Dock, near Sydney, noticed one
of these Cuckoo’s sitting on a nest of the Yellow-faced Honey Eater (Ptilotis chrysops), which was
placed in a Turpentine tree (Syncarpia lauvifulia). When the bird flew away we climbed up to examine
the nest, and found that an egg of this Cuckoo had been deposited on the very edge of it, and where it
just balanced ; no other eggs were in the nest. Each season, when we first hear the peculiar rollicking
notes of this Cuckoo after its long absence of five or six months, it creates a feeling of joy in the bird

Data Cam
No

No, in

Book.
477 299
478 323
479 296
480 297
481 297
482 360

pbell’s No of
Eges

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

lover’s heart, knowing that it isa certain indication that the birds are all in the midst of their nest
building operations, and that he can go into the bush once again and watch the work of his feathered
friends. The specimen measures = 0'90 x 0°72.

WESTERN WHITE-NAPED HONEY EATER,
Melithreptus chlovopsis, Gould.

One egg, taken from a nest by S. Hall, near Albany, West Australia, on the 27th of July, 1895.
The nest was found containing only one egg, which was left for three days, when it was again visited,
and the bird flew off, but still the one specimen was there. It is more pointed, and of a deeper ground
colour than the eastern form, and measures in inches = 0°76 x 0°53.

BROWN-HBADED HONEY EATER,
Melithreptus brevirostris, V. and H.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by T. A. Brittlebank at Myrniong, Victoria, on the 4th of November, 1896.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°67 x 0°55.

WHITE-BROWED SPINE BILL HONEY EATER,
Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken at Wallaroo, near Adelaide, South Australia, by John Laird, on the r4th of
November, 1902. Specimen A. measures = 0°71 X 07°52.

SPINE BILL HONEY BATER,
Acanthorhynchus tenuivostris, Latham.

Set of 2 eggs, which are very large round specimens, and was taken at Bostobric, near Don Dorrigo
Scrubs, N.S.W., by J. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 16th of October, 1898. The
nest was built in an Oak tree (Casuarina). The birds are very plentiful about Sydney. Specimen A.
measures = 0°68 x 0°55.

Set of 2 eggs, the particulars of which are the same as the last set. Date of this clutch is the roth
of October, 1898. This handsome bird is also well known about Sydney as the “ Cobbler’s Awl,” on
account of its long curved bill resembling that article, and I have frequently watched them extracting
the nectar from the wild flowers, which grow in such profusion about Port Jackson, and while thus
engaged they flutter before the plant, probing each blossom with their long bill in precisely the same
manner as the Humming Bird and the Hawk-Moth. The nest is a small structure warmly lined with
feathers, which curve over at the top and hide the eggs when the bird is absent. Specimen A. measures
= 0°68 x o'54.

Drawer MM,

BLUE-FACED HONEY EATER,
Entomyza cyanotis, Latham.

Beautiful set of 3 eggs, taken from an old re-lined nest of the Magpie Lark (Grallina picata), near
South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 9th of September, 1894, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
We generally found the eggs of this bird deposited in old nests of the Babbler (Pomatorhinus), situated
at the very extremity of long horizontal limbs, and at all times very difficult to approach. We have
never known the bird to build a nest for itself. Two eggs usually form the full sitting. Writing on
this species recalls many pleasant reminiscences of my earlier egg collecting days in the Clarence River

st ne THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

district. In company with my brother, Frank T. A. Jackson, I made my first find of the nest and eggs
of this bird at South Grafton, in this district, on August 17th, 1891. The nest was, as is so frequently
the case, a deserted tenement of the “ Babbler,” or as we called it in those days the “ Dog Bird,” and
was situated in the very topmost branches of a tall narrow-leaved Apple Tree (Angophora lanceolata),
being both difficult and dangerous to approach, and after some hours of hard work with ropes, ladders,
poles, etc., in the face of a westerly gale, my brother took the two precious eggs from the old_bark-
lined structure. They were, however, in a very advanced state of incubation, and in those days of
rather primitive egg blowing methods, were beyond our skill to neatly empty, so it was a true case of
‘loves labour lost.” Specimen A. of this clutch (No. 482) measures = 1:27 x 0°87.

ON THE ROAD GOING NESTING, FULLY EQUIPPED.

Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

WHITE-QUILLED HONEY EATER,
Entomyza albipennis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken at Port Essington, North Australia, on the 23rd of November, 1895. Received
from Chas. French, junr., of Melbourne. Specimen A. measures = 1°14 x 0°85.

483 361

LITTLE WATTLE BIRD,
(Honey Eater.)
Acanthocheva lunulata, Gould.
Clutch of 1 egg, taken on the banks of the Blackwood River, South-west Australia, by S. Hall, on
the 24th of September, 1895. He has supplied me with many fine specimens from Western Australia.

484 358 I

It measures in inches = 1°06 X 0°76.

YELLOW WATTLE BIRD,
Acanthochera inauris, Gould,
One egg, taken by E. D. Atkinson, near Hobart, Tasmania, on the rst of October, 1893. It

measures = 1°33 X 0°89.

No. in

AJ.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. Book. Eggs.
357 2
486 .
\ 45° I

488 323 2

489 3323 2

( 323 2

490

491 3592

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

BRUSH WATTLE BIRD,
Acanthochezva mellivora, Latham.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by Frank T. A. Jackson at Coffs Harbour, south of the Clarence River,
N.S.W., on the 22nd of September, 1894. The nest is a very frail structure of thin sticks, and lined
with soft bark. An egg of the Pallid Cuckoo was also found in the nest. My brother and I found
this Wattle Bird very plentiful in the Banksia and the dense vegetation along the coast, from the
Clarence River Heads south to Coffs Harbour, where we found many of their nests and eggs.
Specimen A. measures = 1°13 x 0°75.

PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
One egg, taken with the above set. It measures in inches = 0°94 x 0°67.

RED WATTLE BIRD,
Acanthocheva carvunculata, Latham.
Set of 3 eggs, collected by H. Taylor at Wilmington, Flinders Range, South Australia, on the 3rd
of September, 1886. They have retained their colour wonderfully well, and look only a year or so old,
instead of over twenty. Specimen A. measures = 1°40 x 0°85.

YELLOW-BARED HONEY BATER,
Ptilotis lewini, Swainson.

Clutch of 2 eggs, taken at Booyong scrubs, near Lismore, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on the
14th of October, 1899. The nest was a beautiful structure, and was placed at an altitude of 18 feet in
a Maiden’s Blush Tree (Echinocarpus australis). The eggs are very heavily blotched at the larger ends.
This bird is a dweller in thick scrubby places, and I have never seen it in the forest ; its nest, as is the
case with most of the Honey Eaters, is very warmly lined with a deep layer of silken down, or pappus,
which the birds collect from the ripe seed pods of various native shrubs and vines. The outside of the
nest is usually composed of dead leaves, soft bark and masses of cobweb, etc., and is sometimes
decorated with the green tree-climbing moss (/Zypnum), etc. In cases, however, where a homestead
stood near the scrub, or where scrub fallers were camped, I sometimes found the nests composed of
portions of old newspapers, twine, tape, cotton, etc. ; and one nest which I found near Waterfall, south
of Sydney, during the season of 1901, was entirely composed of torn portions of the Sydney Morning
Flevald, being neatly lined with coloured wool, which the birds had probably plucked from an old
blanket that had been thrown away. ‘The /irst set of these eggs which I found was taken during the
season of 1893, and I presented it to a friend in April of 1896, but I am sorry to relate that they met
with a very unfortunate end, for somehow or other his dog got hold of the chip box in which the eggs
were placed, and crushed and broke up the lot. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°96 x 0°72.

Set of 2 eggs, which are snow-white rather elongated specimens, and are covered with round dark
spots at the larger ends. Taken on the 15th of October, 1898, in the Don Dorrigo scrubs, Upper
Bellinger River district, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Specimen A. measures = 1°04 x 0°71.

Set of 2 eggs, which are rather short rounded specimens, and minutely spotted at the larger ends.
Taken in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 3oth of Sep-
tember, 1894. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°94 x 0°74.

PALLID CUCKOO,
Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
One egg, taken with latter set of eggs. It measures in inches = o’91 x 0°67.

SPINY-CHEEKED HONEY BEATER,
Acanthogenys vufigulavis, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by T. A. Brittlebank at Myrniong, Victoria, on the 29th of October, 1894.
Specimen A. measures = 1°02 x 0°73,

Data C
No.

492

495

No. in

A. J.
ampbell’s No. of

Book. Eggs.
35° 3
35° 2
35° 2
35° 2

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

BELL MINER OR BELL BIRD,
Manorhina melanophrys, Latham.

Beautiful set of 3 eggs, which are short specimens and were taken near Nymboida, 35 miles south-
west of Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 25th October, 1898. The nest was
built near the ground, in fern fronds, and as usual was difficult to find. The three eggs are all very
richly coloured specimens. It is delightful to enter the forest where the Bell Birds abound, and where
their clear sweet bell-like dingle falls upon one’s ears with an entrancing cadence. There is often hardly
another sound in these ever echoing nooks, and to listen to these birds is a great pleasure, more especi-
ally to persons whose calling in life keeps them tied within the busy metropolitan area. The incessant
notes resemble the distant dingle of many small sheep bells, the silvery sounds of which go
straight to the bird-lovers heart, sending the blood rushing through his veins, and crowning his memory
with stately trees, drooping ferns, and mossy dells ; while all the magnificent beauty of the Australian
forest and scrub passes along in fanciful procession before him. On an early summer's morn, as a light
breeze gently fans the valleys, and the golden tints from the rising sun strike the topmost branches of
the trees, and before the pulsating and noisy buzz or rattle of the locust (Cicada) has begun, then, above
all times, you will hear the exquisite notes of these birds to perfection. They are very local and
gregarious in their habits, always keeping together in the same locality, which may cover an area of less
than a quarter of a mile square, for years ; and probably no more of their ‘‘ dingley-dells ” will be met
with for many miles. They appear to show a decided preference for country where the timbers of the
forest and scrub meet, and intermix, and form a sort of jungle. The nests are often placed in ferns
only a few feet from the ground, and are at times very difficult to find, yet on the other hand they
sometimes build as high as twenty five feet. During my visits to Tyringham and Nymboida, south-
west of Grafton, N.S.W., in 1896 and 1898, I found many of them, and was successful in taking sixteen
handsome sets of their eggs. These birds are plentiful in the thick jungle-like bush opposite “ Ashleigh,”
at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., and several old nests came under my notice there early in 1904,
while busily engaged hunting for various natural history specimens ; and had it been breeding season
with them I would probably have found their eggs also. The following season (1905) my friend
Launcelot Harrison, who is another enthusiastic oologist and field observer, found a nest, containing
eggs, at the latter locality. In the near future these and other of our native birds will be a thing of the
past at Ourimbah, as well as other places, if the “juvenile pea-rifle bird-killing crusade ” is still allowed
by the Government authorities to so openly carry on its wanton and ruthless destruction ; then, when
it is too late, we will be struck with remorse at the wickedness that has been wrought by our neglect in
trying to save from destruction this and other forms of our unique and aristocratic avifauna. Toshoot a
few birds for scientific purposes is right enough, cést une autre chose; but I am sorry to relate that
there are many of us who have no limitations, and go through life with eyes too dull to watch, much
less protect, the birds and their airy existences, which a ruthless love of destruction in some people
has driven into shy retirement. Specimen A. measures = 0°88 x 0°66.

Set of 2 eggs, which are long specimens, and were taken by A. and P. Boon near Tyringham, 55
miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on the rst of October, 1900. Specimen A. measures in inches
= 0°96 x 0°63.

Set of 2 eggs, very pale specimens, being nearly white, and were taken by C. French, jnr., at
Sandringham, Victoria, on the 4th of July, 1897. Long pointed types. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 088 x o’6r.

Set of 2 eggs, which are of a rich flesh colour, and are short and somewhat rounded specimens,
and were taken by a timber getter in Gippsland, Victoria, during August of 1893. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 0°82 x 0°63.

fe Ca THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

496 353 4 YELLOW-THROATED MINER,
Myzantha flavigula, Gould.
Set of 4 eggs, taken by J. Watson, at Buckiinguy, Western New South Wales, on the 16th of
September, 1897. The eggs are quite different to those of the Soldier Bird Miner. Specimen A.

measures = I°IO X 0°72.
497 352 2 DUSKY MINER,

Myzantha obscura, Gould.
Pair of eggs, taken near Freemantle, West Australia, on the 17th of July, 1888. Specimen A.

measures = 1°07 X 0°72.
498 351 4 MINER OR SOLDIER BIRD,

Myzantha garrula, Latham.
Set of 4 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, in Walker’s paddock, South Grafton, N.S.W.,
on the 22nd of September, 1897. The nest was built in a Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) ata height
of only 13 feet. This is a nicely marked set. Specimen A. measures in inches = 0°98 x 0°72.

(age 3 Beautifully spotted set of 3 eggs, and was taken by W. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson,
at Bong Bong Creek, Glen Ugie road, near Grafton, N.S.W., on the 27th of October, 1893. The nest

| was built in a narrow-leaved Apple tree (Angophora lanceolata), and contained also an egg of the
Pallid Cuckoo (Cuculus pallidus). It was a nest of this species that induced me, during my very early

| ornithological days (1884), to carry a step-ladder every morning for a week, a distance of over 2 miles,
in order to watch the progress of the building operations. I was at Jast rewarded with what I then

imagined was a set of rare eggs. These Soldier Birds are often very troublesome to the ornithologist

when he is patiently engaged watching the movements of some other rare species in the bush, and

probably with a view to finding its nest. I have frequently been watching a bird for two or three hours,

in order to try and locate its nest, when to my utmost disgust one or two Soldier Birds would suddenly

fly up and sit on the lowermost limb above my head, and there, with their inquisitive attitude, would

| peer down at me while pouring forth their noisy ‘ kar-kar-kar.” To aggravate a person still further,
they fight with and fly after your bird, and ultimately drive it away altogether, and the net result is that

your hours of patient work have been absolutely lost. Specimen A. of the set under notice measures

in inches = rol x 0°71.
| 450 1 PALLID CUCKOO,

Cuculus pallidus, Latham.
One egg, taken with the above set of 3 Miner’s eggs. It measures in inches = 0°96 x 0°68.

500 362 3 FRIAR BIRD OR LEATHER HEAD,
Philemon corniculatus, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Boo-go-wog-away.’’)

Set of 3 eggs, which are the most elongated specimens I have yet seen of this species. Taken by
J. Neale, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Yellow Gully, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
on the 23rd of October, 1892. The nest was built in a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus corymbosa), at
an altitude of 30 feet, and was a beautiful structure swung from a horizontal fork at the extremity of a
long thin limb. ‘These noisy Leather Heads like to live in the gullies of the forests near water, where
they build their neat suspended nests in the Apple trees (Angophora), at the ends of the branches which
tend to droop willow-like down over the small stream of water below. ‘They seldom visit the thick
scrubs, and the only occasion on which I observed them therein was one season in the Clarence River
district, when the Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta) and the Bean-ball trees (Cas/anospermum australe)
were profusely covered with their honey-bearing blossoms, and where they congregated in great numbers.
Specimen A. of this interesting clutch measures in inches = 1°56 x 0°88.

501 362 4 Set of 4 eggs, which are much shorter specimens than those of the latter set, and were taken by
Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Shingley Flat, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 22nd of October,
1893. The nest was built in a Swamp Mahogany (Zucalyptus robusta). One egg of the clutch is
larger and more rounded and swollen at the thick end than the others, and is of a lighter ground colour,

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

502

993

504

she)

506

5°7

508

No. in

Book.

364

365

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

and resembles somewhat the egg of the Koel Cuckoo (Zudynamis cyanocephala), which I took from
an Oriole’s nest. (Data No. 544). See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 587. This egg from the nest of
the Friar Bird measures in inches = 1°23 x ogo, and I fear it is too small to be a treasured egg of the
Koel, as the one which was taken from the nest of the Oriole on the 31st of October, 1894, measures
= 1°36 x 102. A specimen of the other 3 (Friar Bird’s) eggs of this set under notice, measures =
122 x 0°82. The Koel Cuckoo, I may mention, is often very common during October, November,
and December in the Clarence River district of N.S.W.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 8th of November,
1898. Short specimens, with cloudy markings. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°22 x 0°87.

Set of 2 eggs, which are long, pointed and very dark salmon coloured specimens. ‘Taken by W.
McEnerny and Frank T. A. Jackson, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 24th of October, 1897.
Specimen A. measures = 1°26 x o'8o.

SILVERY-CROWNED FRIAR BIRD,
Philemon argenticeps, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs of this interesting species, which was taken by R. Hislop in the Bloomfield River
district, North Queensland, on the 18th of December, 1895. These eggs are different to those of other
members of the Friar Bird family, and more resemble those of the Harmonious Thrush if the markings
were not so purplish-brown. It seems remarkable that the eggs of this bird should be so very different
to those of the other four species. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°22 x o°88.

HELMETED FRIAR BIRD,
Philemon buceroides, Swainson.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by H. Barnard at Cape York, North Queensland, on the 14th of December,
1896. ‘These eggs resemble small and dull spotless specimens of the common Friar Bird or Leather
Head. Specimen A. measures = 1°13 x 0°85.

YELLOW-THROATED FRIAR BIRD,
Philemon citreogularis, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Pilla Valley, north-east of Glen Ugie Peak,
Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 4th of November, 1893. ‘The nest was built in a narrow-leaved forest
Apple tree (Axgophora lanceolata), and placed at an altitude of 35 feet. The nest is a very scanty
structure compared with that of the Common Friar Bird or Leather Head. We only took four clutches
of the eggs altogether, and they varied from two to three for a sitting. The birds were never very
plentiful, and the nests were only half the size of those of the common Friar Bird, and were often
placed in the long drooping willow-like clusters of foliage of the latter tree, which frequently grows near
the water courses. Specimen A. of this beautiful clutch measures in inches = 1'14 x 0°72.

LITTLE FRIAR BIRD,
Philemon sordidus, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, which are much smaller and less richly marked than those of the latter set. Taken
by E. Drew on the Nicholson River, Gulf of Carpentaria, North Queensland, on the 23rd of November,

1895. Specimen A. measures in inches = I’o2 x 0:74. Specimen B. measures = 1°03 x 0°73.
Specimen C. measures = 0°99 x 0°72.
WHISTLING THRUSH,
Collyriocincla rectirostris, J. and S.
Set of 3 eggs, which are very large and heavily blotched specimens, and were taken by M. W.
Harrison at Berriedale, Tasmania, on the 2nd of October, 1894. Specimen A. measures in inches

= 1°22 x 0°86.

Data Ca
No.

599

510

511

512

513

514

No. in

A J.
mpbell’s No. of

Rook.
66

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Set of 3 eggs, which are not nearly so well marked as those of the latter set. Taken by M. W.
Harrison at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on the 27th of September, 1899. Specimen A. measures in inches
= T's Xe Oras

GREY HARMONIOUS THRUSH,
Collyriocincla harmonica, Latham,

Very large set of 5 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Clarenza, South Grafton, N.S.W.,
on the 28th of August, 1892. The nest was placed only four feet from the ground, in the hollow
portion of an Ironbark tree (Zucalyptus paniculata). ‘Three to four eggs usually form the full comple-
ment for a sitting, and five are very rarely found. The nests I have often found placed as high as
seventy feet in the forests, and at Manly, near Sydney, I have frequently seen them built only a few
feet from the ground ; they are constructed of bark and neatly lined with roots, and are placed in the
thick fork of a tree, but I have discovered them more often in a hollow spout or limb. This species differs
from many other of our Australian birds by reason of the sober colour of its plumage, which is incon-
spicuous and little likely to attract attention. It is not a gregarious species, nor does it associate with
other birds, living for the most part in couples, which presumably pair for life, and constantly keep
together, subsisting upon the insects and other food to be found in the vicinity of the Eucalyptus
forests, which are their favourite haunts. The note of this dainty creature is clear and harmonious, and
loudly rings and re-echoes through the wattle-scented gullies of the forest. On a fine spring morning in
August, when the birds are happily engaged at their nest building, it is almost impossible, even to the
most disinterested, to avoid experiencing some delight in listening to these merry heralds of glorious
bird life. I know a favourable time has then arrived, and I always hope, aided by the season, to turn
the thoughts of others whose finer sympathies incline to nature’s wonders, and who enjoy listening to
the history of some of the dainty living creatures around us, that so many greatly fail to under-
stand and protect. There are occasions when bird life is thrust upon the casual notice of some of us,
and periods when it is dormant, still many never give it a single thought ; and, though the scrubs and
forests, and rank water courses shelter birds of a few hundred or more kinds, yet they are often passed
by without any sign of curiosity or interest. Specimen A. measures = 1°13 x 0°80.

BROWN THRUSH,
Collyriocincla brunnea, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken from a nest built in the thick upright fork of a dead tree in the Nicholson
River district of north-west Queensland. Taken by E. Drew on the rg9th of November, 1895.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°24 x 0°82.

BUFF-BELLIED THRUSH,
Collyriocincla rufiventris, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, taken in the Blackwood River district, south-west Australia, by S. Hall, on the 3rst
of July, 1895. The eggs are very heavily blotched at the larger ends. Specimen A. measures in inches
= Ls IxXOST.

RUFOUS-BREASTED THRUSH,
Pinarolestes rufigaster, Gould.

Very handsomely blotched set of 3 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, in Alipou Scrub, South
Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 2nd of December, 1894. The nest was built in a labyrinth of
vines and Scrub Cane (//age//aria indica), situated 12 feet from the ground. I found these birds’
nests frequently built ina mass of Zanfana bush, growing over the tops of high stumps in the above
scrub. They are, as a rule, very difficult to find, unless the birds are noticed going to or coming from
them. Specimen A. of this fine clutch measures in inches = 1°03 x 0°77.

Set of 3 eggs, which are pearly-white specimens and almost devoid of markings. ‘There is a great
contrast between this and the previous set (No. 513), and a person not conversant with our oological
studies would naturally consider this clutch as belonging toa distinct species. Specimens A. and B.

oO.

a20

517

518

519

520

521

No. in

Book.

An J.
Data Campbell's No. of
N

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

have a few tiny specks, needle-point size, at the larger ends, and specimen C. has a scattered zone of
minute dark brown spots also at the larger end, and resembles the egg of Pilotis lewint. This is the
only plain clutch I have seen of these eggs. This set was also taken in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton,
N.S.W., and was found on the rst of November, 1893, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest, as
usual, was a beautiful rustic structure, composed of dead leaves, spiders’ silk cocoons, and thin vines,
etc., and the inner part of it had two leaves of the Tamarind tree (Dip/oglottis Cunninghamit) neatly
worked around the sides, and finally lined with thin roots. These birds confine themselves to the very
dense parts of the scrubs, where it is almost impossible to penetrate. Their note resembles very mucb
that of the Grey Harmonious Thrush. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°07 x 0°73.

LESSER RUFOUS-BREASTED THRUSH,
Pinarolestes parvissima, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by T. Williams, near Cairns, North Queensland, on the 29th of September,
1897. ‘The eggs are very like those of the latter species, only they are a little smaller. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 0:99 x 0°74.

LITTLE THRUSH,
Pinarolestes parvulus, Gould.

One egg, which is almost devoid of markings, and is a small malformed specimen, was taken from
the oviduct of a bird shot at Port Essington, North Australia, during October of 1896, by E. Drew.
It only measures = 0°94 x 0°63.

BLACK-FACED CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Graucalus melanops, Latham.

Handsome clutch of 3 eggs, of the dark green variety, taken at ‘Ti Tree Creek, South Grafton,
N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 4th of November, 1893. The nest was placed in an
Ironbark Eucalypt (Zucalyptus paniculata), at an altitude of 50 feet. The first eggs which I saw
belonging to this species were taken by A. Buckley, at Bundaberg, Queensland, in the bush near our
home in 1881. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°25 x 0°90.

Set of 3 eggs, of the dark yellowish-brown variety, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Clarenza,
South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 22nd of December, 1892. ‘The nest was placed at an elevation of over
60 feet, in an Ironbark Eucalypt, and was exceedingly difficult to approach. Specimen A. measures
= 1°32 xX ool.

(For want of space the following set has been placed in drawer N.)

Handsome clutch of 3 eggs, which are of a beautiful light green. Specimen A. has a zone of bold
blotches at the larger end, while B. and C. have them scattered more evenly over the whole surface.
This is a splendid set, and quite different to all others we have collected or seen in any collection. The
nest was placed in a Swamp Oak (Casuarina g/auca), at an altitude of 25 feet. Taken near ‘‘ Dallinga,”
South Grafton, N.S.W., by A. Amos, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 3oth of October, 1893 This
set concludes this fine series of eggs of the Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike. Specimen A. measures =
1-27 x 0794.

GROUND CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Fteropodotys phasianella, Gould.

Beautiful set of 3 eggs, which very much resemble polished greenstone. Taken near Cunnamulla,
south-west Queensland, by H. Scotney, on the 6th of October, 1897. I have never had the pleasure
of observing this terrestrial species in its natural haunts. Specimen A. measures = 1°23 x 0°88.

SMALL-BILLED CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Graucalus parvirostris, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by A. E. Brent at Glenorchy, Tasmania, on the 8th of October, 1899.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°22 x 0°88.

No, in

Data Cam
B

§22

523

524

pbell’s
00)

~~
~!

No. of
Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

WHITE-BELLIED CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Graucalus hypoleucus, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by H. Barnard near Rockhampton, Queensland, on the gth of October, 1892.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1'07 x o'82.

LITTLE CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Graucalus mentalts, V. and H.

Set of 2 eggs, which are well marked specimens, and were taken by Geo. Frisch and Sid. W. Jackson,
at the South Pine, north of Brisbane, Q , on the 11th of September, 1885. This set has retained the
colour wonderfully well during the twenty-two years it has been in the collection. In the Clarence
River district of New South Wales, my brother and I found many nests of this bird, but we were always
most unfortunate in finding the eggs on the point of hatching, and in other cases the birds left the nests
which we found being built. I have seen this species deliberately pull the nest to pieces while the
eggs were being “scooped” from it, and if a new nest was found one week nearly ready for eggs, it
would be discovered on the ground under the tree next visit quite destroyed. We found every nest
built in a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus corymbosa). Specimen A. measures = 1°09 x o*8o.

BARRED CUCKOO SHRIKE,
Graucalus lineatus, Swainson.

One egg, which is a small specimen, and was taken from a nest by a boy possessed of the usual
primitive method of preserving, and was blown at the ends. The nest from which it was taken had
been watched for several days by W. McEnerny and myself, and we were very sanguine about getting a
clutch of eggs in it; but the itinerant school boy, quite unconscious of our find, found the nest and
robbed it of the above rare egg, which he afterwards very kindly handed over to me. It was taken on
the 16th of December, 1899, and the nest was built in a Sassafras tree (Doryphora sassafras), being
placed 18 feet from the ground, in rather a conspicuous position, on a horizontal branch leaning out
over the edge of a track or road, near J. J. Garvan’s property at St. Helena, Byron Bay, N.S.W. The
egg is rather a small specimen, and measures = 1°11 x 0°77. We found another nest at the foot of
Cooper’s Shoot, Byron Bay, on the 22nd of December, 1899, but it contained two young birds. This
beautiful bird has a very remarkable, yet sweet musical note. They were plentiful in the rich scrubs
extending from Booyong to Byron Bay, and kept well out of the range of my gun, frequenting the very
tops of the tall Booyong (7Zarrietia actinophyl/a) and other large scrub trees. However, I secured a
fine pair of the birds, with which I was satisfied, but their eggs would have been far more acceptable.

CATERPILLAR CATCHER, OR JARDINE’S CAMPEPHAGA,
Ldolttsoma tenutrostre, Jardine. Campephaga jardinit, Ruppell.

One egg, which forms the full sitting, and is a handsome specimen, and was the /rst egg of this
species taken in New South Wales ; however, there has been no record as far as I am aware of one
having been found previous to this. The nest was placed in a giant Ironbark Eucalypt (Zucalyptus
stderophlota), in a fork at the extremity of a very long horizontal branch, and it was with the greatest
difficulty that 1 succeeded in taking the rare egg from the nest. Witha strong rope over a hundred
and thirty feet long I was hauled up slowly, and ultimately perched at an elevation of 85 feet,
level with the nest, and with a scoop-fitted rod 22 feet long took the egg from it, but only after a few
hours’ patient and careful manceuvring. (See accompanying illustrations, pages 93 and 94.) The
nest being a very flat structure, and placed such a distance away from me, was obviously most difficult
to scoop, and the least jar of the scoop rod would have tossed the egg out. It is a beautifully marked
specimen, the ground colour being of a pale greenish-white, and is boldly blotched all over with dark
umber, and a few markings of slate. It measures in inches = 1°25 x 0°85. From the time I started to
climb up to the nest till I was again safely landed on terra firma, nearly four hours had expired, in
the sweltering heat ; it was a difficult and very awkward climb, and unfortunately we did not have the
“climbing ladder” with us on this important occasion. It was taken in the Ironbark forest, at the

Data
No

No. in

A.J.
Campbell’s No. of

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

base of Glen Ugie Peak, 14 miles south-east of Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 21st of Novyem-
ber, 1897, by L. Vesper and myself. This bird is a most interesting species, and one which is rarely
observed by persons other than those who have closely studied the ornithology of Australia. It is
exceedingly shy, and its note is so very unlike that of a bird that the casual observer hearing it would
simply pass it as the pulsating buzz of a large locust (Cicada), the noisy note of which is so well known
to nearly all Australians during the summer months. My brother and I heard the buzz-like note in the
bush at Glen Ugie Peak, each season for three years in succession, before we were convinced of the
fact that it was made by a bird. The buzzing sound, and also a short note resembling “ pit. pit-pit-pit,”
are only made while the bird is sitting ina tree or feeding ; but when flying from tree to tree, or
suddenly disturbed, the peculiar noisy and excited ‘‘ tweet-tweet-tweet,” and cluck-like notes are uttered.
(See A. J. Campbell’s book on ‘‘Nests and Eggs of Australian
Birds,” page 102, for my notes on this shy species). I founda
nest and egg of this bird in the bush between Roseville and the
Lane Cove River near Sydney, on the roth of December, 1906,
but only after I had followed and watched the birds for over
twenty-one hours, during which period I climbed up and down
the same rocky ridges and gullies dozens of times, and nearly wore
out a pair of boots. The nest was placed 36 feet from the ground,
ina Bloodwood Eucalypt (Zucalyptus corymbosa). These birds seem
to confine themselves to the tall timbers of the coast, and I have
never known them go inland. _‘They visit us from the north during
the end of September or early in October, and take their departure
about the middle of February. In the Clarence River district we
found the nests nearly always built in Ironbark or Bloodwood
Eucalypts, and two or three times the birds removed their partially
made nest after it was discovered. The female occasionally makes
a buzzing noise like the male, but I have only noticed it during
wet weather and when I was taking specimen data No. 527. The
most usual note of the female is a cluck-like sound, similar to that
of the male, but it is very seldom made, and that is one reason
why the female is so difficult to catch sight of during the breeding
season. The last nest and egg which I took of this species in the
Clarence River district, was on the 9th of February, 1898, and the

following is an extract from my note book ve same :—‘‘I had not 4

i : : The white cross shows Sid. W.

male bird came to my ears, followed by his peculiar buzzing Jackson up at the nest of the
: . F aa Caterpillar Catcher, at an altitude

noise. I tracked him for over two hours, and was just giving up of 85 feet. The small nest is in

all hopes of finding the nest, when all at once he alighted in an __ the fork below the black cross.

Loc., Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence

River, N.S.W.
which I was hiding. He flew down toa horizontal forked limb, (See data No. 525, page 92.)

long entered Wall’s gully when the loud cluck-like notes of the

Ironbark Eucalypt, close to the clump of small gum saplings in

with a caterpillar in his beak, and, in a few seconds, ran along the

limb towards the fork, looking carefully around every few steps, and finally reaching the fork, dropped
the caterpillar and flew away. On going over to the tree, from underneath, and with the aid of the
field glasses, I could see a slight sign of a nest, and the tail of the hen bird sticking a little over the
side. I had no climbing paraphernalia with me, and being alone I had just to scramble the tree as
best I could, and a difficult and uncomfortable task it was, owing to the high climb (60 feet), and the
roughness of the bark. However, I at last reached the nest, and took from it one beautiful fresh egg,
which now graces another collection. While sitting down resting after my climb, and examining my
torn and bleeding arms, to my surprise I found both birds (¢ and ?) busily engaged pulling the nest

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of

LNo.

un
Nn

No. in

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

to pieces.” The male bird is of a bluish-grey colour, the female being brown. I noticed that the food
of these birds consists principally of Stick and Leaf mimicking insects (Pasmatid@), also Praying
Mantis insects (A/antide) and caterpillars, all of which they collect on the young foliage of the
Eucalyptus trees. The late John Gould, writing on this species in 1865, states that it is far less
common in New South Wales than it is at Port Essington, North Australia, where the late J. Gilbert
collected the following particulars respecting it :—“ This bird is extremely shy and retiring in its habits.
It generally inhabits the topmost branches of the loftiest and most thickly-foliaged trees growing in the
immediate vicinity of swamps. Its note is altogether different from that of any other species of the
genus, being a harsh, grating, buzzing tone, repeated rather rapidly about a dozen times in succession,
followed by a lengthened interval. It appears to be a solitary species, as I never saw more than one
at atime.” The nests are very like those of the Gyaucali. In the Clarence River district my brother

and I noticed that the birds return to the same locality every season.

{eee rere reper en

7
J Dist

nites

NEST AND EGG OF THE CATERPILLAR CATCHER.
(About half of the natural size.)
Loc., Glen Ugie Peak, Clarence River, N.S.W.

(See data No. 525, page 92.)

Clutch of 1 egg, which is of a dirty yellowish-white ground colour, spotted and blotched all over
with umber and light slate markings, and is quite a different variety compared with the latter specimen
(No. 525). It was taken by myself, at Yellow Gully, near South Grafton, N.S.W., at a quarter to five
on Christmas morning, 1897, after being awakened by a male Caterpillar Catcher making his buzzing-like
call in a tree leaning over my tent. Half dressed I hurried off, leaving my companions in the “land of
dreams,” and had only walked about 50 paces from the tent when I found the female sitting on a nest,
40 feet from the ground, in a Bloodwood Eucalypt (Eucalyptus corymbosa). I climbed up, and got a
splendid egg from it, then returned to camp, aroused my sleeping mates, and astonished them with
my find. I partook of a hearty breakfast that morning. The egg measures in inches = 1°24 X
082, and it is a narrower and more pointed specimen than the last one described.

Set of 1 egg, which is very heavily and beautifully blotched, on a very pale greenish-white ground
colour, but unfortunately is a small round malformed specimen, which contained no yolk, and only

. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

528

No. in
A

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

measures = 0°73 x o'60. The nest from which I took it was again placed in a Bloodwood Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus corymbosa), and at the extremity of a long horizontal limb, while my only chance to scoop it
was by climbing a tall Box Eucalypt (Eucalyptus melliodova) sapling that stood not far away. This was
accomplished with very great difficulty during teeming rain, and when I got up 50 feet, and nearly
level with the nest, I scooped it from the other tree, ata distance of 12 feet, but not before coaxing
the hen for nearly ten minutes to quit the nest. The climb and its attendant happenings were, I think,
worthy of a normal and fully developed egg. It was taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the side
of aridge at the foot of Yellow Gully, South Grafton, N.S.W., on the oth of January, 1898. In
Victoria these birds build lower down in the trees than they
do further north. During the season 1898 we found in the
Clarence River district of N.S.W., in all eight nests, and
with an egg in each. They vary considerably in their size,
shape, and the general ground colour and disposition of the
markings.

PIED CATERPILLAR CATCHER,
Lalage leucomelena, V. and H.
Clutch of 1 egg, which forms the full sitting, and is the
second specimen of its kind ever taken. ‘The first authenti-

Sid. W. Jackson up at the nest of a
Caterpillar Catcher. The nest is in the tree
on the right, just a little below the cross.

NEST AND EGG OF THE PIED CATERPILLAR CATCHER.
Loc., Yellow Gully, South Grafton,
Clarence River, N.S.W.

(More than half of the natural size),
Loc., Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

(See data No, 528.) (See data No. 527.)
cated nest and egg of this species was found by R. D. Fitzgerald at Ballina, at the mouth of the
Richmond River, New South Wales, on the 4th of November, 1887. This egg under notice was taken
in Alipou Scrub, South Grafton, New South Wales, on the gth of December, 1894, by W. McEnerny,
Jno. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. The nest was built on the horizontal forked branch of a
Rosewood tree (Dysoxylon fraserianum), near the edge of the scrub, and was placed 25 feet from the
ground. It resembles a very small one of the Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike (Graucalus melanops), and
measures 2} inches across, over all, and 14 inches across inside diameter, and is a very shallow structure.
There is not sufficient room for two eggs in the nest, as the accompanying illustration clearly shows.
The egg is of a light apple-green ground colour, being spotted and blotched all over, and more so at the
larger end, with umber, and pale slate markings. I loaned the nest and egg to the Australian Museum

Data Campbell's No. of

No.

531

No. iv
A.J

Book.

419

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

in Sydney, during March of 1896, and from them descriptions were taken. We have frequently seen
and heard these birds about Alipou scrub and other parts of the Clarence River, year after year, but
only succeeded in finding the one nest and egg. The note of the bird is a peculiar rattling or rolling
noise, somewhat like that produced by a railway guard’s whistle, one which has the little ball or pea
inside, causing the quivering sound. The specimen measures in inches = 0°97 x 0°68,

WHITE-SHOULDERED CATERPILLAR EATER,
Lalage tricolor, Swainson.

Perfect set of 3 eggs, which closely resemble the latter specimen, except that they are much smaller,
and more pointed at the narrow ends. The ground colour is of a pale apple-green, spotted all over,
and particularly at the larger ends, with reddish-brown and dull slate. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at
Camden, New South Wales, on the roth of November, 1900. The nest was built in an Ironbark
Eucalypt (Eucalyptus sidevophloia), ata height of only 15 feet. Specimen A. measures in inches =
o0'80 X o'61.

Set of 3 eggs, which
are of the very dark red-
dish-brown type, and so
different to those of the
latter set, that no person
would think it possible
such a distinct variation
could exist. This is the
darkest set we have ever
seen. It was taken
at Cabbage Tree Creek,
near Sandgate, Brisbane,
Q., by Frank and Sid.
W. Jackson, on October
the 29th, 1886. The
bird is well known in the
country as the Pee Wee
Lark, and its note is

rather like that of the NESTING PARTY AT GLEN UGIE PEAK,

Brown Flycatcher. Clarence River, N.S.W.
Specimen A. measures 1897.

= 0370. X) 0702,

Drawer WN.

PITTA OR DRAGOON BIRD,
Pitta strepitans, Temminck.

Handsome clutch of 4 eggs, and, as is generally the case, one specimen is not nearly so heavily
spotted as the others. The nest was placed about 50 feet in from the edge of the scrub, and was built
up against the roots of a Silky Oak (Grevillea rcbusta), near an old dead stump. It was taken on
the 16th of October, 1899, by W. McEnerny and Sid. W. Jackson, at Booyong scrubs, near Lismore,

No, in
A

Data Car
No.

533

534

535

536

nue
mpbell’s No. of
Book.

420

422

207

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Richmond River, N.S.W. The note of this handsome bird resembles somewhat “I lost my whip,”
the last note being sounded the highest thus :—

Sometimes it is uttered slowly, but more often rapidly,
which I frequently noticed just a little after sunset, when
the birds would call to each other from distant parts of the
scrub. The nest is dome shaped, and constructed of dead
leaves, sticks, moss, etc., being usually placed on the ground up against the roots of a tree or old
stump in the scrub. I took a splendid photograph of the nest, from which the set of eggs under notice
was taken, but regret to state the negative was accidentally broken. ‘The actions of the Pitta are very
graceful, and, like the Lyre Bird, it is a great runner, getting through the fallen timbers and tangled
scrub with marvellous rapidity. To find small piles of broken land shells (snails) with a stone beside
each, is sufficient proof that Mr. and Mrs. Pitta are not far away. ‘The snails are collected and carried
to the “ feeding ground,” where the bird, by holding them in the bill, manipulates and taps them against
the stone, and, when broken to suit her requirements, devours the dainty morsel from the inside. I
saw many piles of these broken shells in the Booyong scrubs in 1899, with a stone always beside each,
and have frequently heard the “tap-tap-tap” on it as the birds were busy feeding. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 1°25 x 0'92.

LESSER PITTA,
Pitta strepitans simillima, Gould.

Pair of eggs, taken from a scrub north of Cairns, North
Queensland, on the 4th of November, 1889. (Received
from the Queensland Museum). Specimen A. measures =
119 X 0°95.

RAINBOW PITTA,
Pitta wis, Gould.

Pair of eggs, which are much smaller and more heavily
blotched than those of the two last species. Taken by
L. Dumas in the cane beds, at the north-west of Australia,
on the 2oth of January, 1902. This handsome bird is the
smallest of the Australian Pittas. Specimen A. measures in
inches = 1'04 xX o'81.

SPOTTED GROUND BIRD,
Cinclosoma punctatum, Latham.

Set of 2 eggs, taken near the Little Murray River, Don
Dorrigo, New South Wales, on the 14th of October, 1898.
The nest was placed among ferns, under a projecting rock
near the river. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
Specimen A. measures = 1°31 x 0°89.

CHESTNUT-BACKED GROUND BIRD,
Cinclosoma castanonotum, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by W. Hills, near Wangaratta, Vic-

toria, during September of 1897, and bird identified. The The white cross denotes the nest of the
Ground ‘Thrush.

Loc., Don Dorrigo Scrubs, N.S.W.
Specimen A. measures = 1°29 x 0°85. (See data No. 536.)
GROUND THRUSH,
Geocichla lunulata, Latham.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson in the scrubs at Don Dorrigo, South of the
Clarence River, N.S.W., on the roth of October, 1898. The nest, which was a cup-shaped structure,

nest was placed in the partially burnt-out root-hole of a tree.

A.J.
Data Campbeli’s No. of

No.

539

No. in

Book. Eges.
156 2
157 2

61 %

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

was composed of moss, and built upon ferns growing on the side of a scrub tree. The cross in the
photograph shows the position of the nest among the luxuriant growth of ferns, etc., on the trunk of
the tree. Specimen A. measures = 1°21 x 0°88.

LARGE-BILLED GROUND THRUSH,
Geocichla macrorhyncha, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by M. W. Harrison at Berriedale, Tasmania, on the 6th of September, 1896.
Specimen A. measures = 1°29 x 0°88.

RUSSET GROUND THRUSH,
Geocichla heinii, Cabanis.

Set of 2 eggs, which are rather different to those of the two latter species, being of a fale green
ground colour, and sfavingly marked and blotched with dull and rich purplish-brown. Taken at
Booyong Scrubs, 14 miles north-east
of Lismore, Richmond River, New 3 ae i ee = ;
South Wales, on the 15th of Novem- :
ber, 1899, by W. McEnerny and Sid.
W. Jackson. The nest is a beautiful
cup-shaped structure, composed of
green moss (//ypnum), and was
picturesquely placed on top of a
Stag-horn Fern (Platycerium grande),
which was growing on the side of a
Booyong tree(Zarvietia actinophylla).
The shellisexceedingly fragile. Speci-
men A. measures = 1°14 x 0°88.

FIG BIRD,
Sphecotheres maxillavis, Latham.

Beautiful clutch of 3 eggs, which
are very large and well blotched
specimens. ‘Taken in Alipou Scrub,
South Grafton, Clarence River, New
South Wales, on the 16th of Decem-
ber, 1894, by Frank and Sid. W.
Jackson. The nest was built in a
tall Lilly Pilly tree (Eugenia Smithit),
and placed at an altitude of nearly

NEST AND EGGS OF THE FIG BIRD.

(About one third of the natural size.)

30 feet, at the very extremity of a Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

long thin branch, which rendered it (See data No. 540, page 99.)

difficult to scoop the eggs from it.

These birds were very plentiful about Grafton during season 1894, and many of them actually built
their nests in the Camphor Laurel trees (Camphora officinarum) growing in the streets of the city.
During my last visit to Brisbane, in September of 1906, I found nests of this species built in the trees
growing in the parks and gardens there. The eggs vary much in their ground colouring and general
markings. We took nine clutches of the eggs near Grafton, and no two sets were alike. The eggs can
be seen through the nest from below. (See A. J. Campbell's book, at foot of page 83). The note of
this bird resembles “ chick-ock, chee-koy.” Specimen A. measures = 1°43 x 0°97.

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of

No. Book. Eggs.
540 6r 3
541 62 3
542 62 3
543 60 2
544 60 3

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

Set of 3 eggs, which are quite differently marked to those of the latter set, and resemble very much
the eggs of the Grey Butcher Bird (Cvacticus destructor). Taken by A. Amos, D. Hawthorne, and
Frank T. A. Jackson, at South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 2nd of December, 1894. The nest was built
in a Red Cedar tree (Cedvela australis), at an altitude of 39 feet. Specimen A. measures = 1°25 x 0°87.

YELLOW-BELLIED FIG BIRD,
Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, which are of the very pale green variety, and are heavily blotched. Like the latter
species, the eggs of this bird vary considerably in their ground colouring and markings. Taken by
H. Barnard, at Cape York, Queensland, on the 7th of November, 1896. Specimen A. measures =
1°26 X 0:76.

Set of 3 eggs, which are of the salmon-colour variety, being heavily blotched, and quite unlike the
latter set. It was taken, in the Bloomfield River district of North Queensland, by a collector engaged
by C. French, jnr., on the 27th of November, 1895., I have seen these birds as far south as Grafton,
N.S.W., in January of 1896, and at Byron Bay, N.S.W., in January of 1900. Specimen A. measures
1 il P< fohtsly/A

ORIOLE,
Oriolus viridis, Latham.

Handsome and very elongated clutch of 2 eggs, with a very light ground colour. Their shape is
peculiar, because, although long, they are blunt and rounded at each end. Taken on the 27th of
November, 1892, at Yellow Gully, South Grafton, N.S.W., by Jas. Neale, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson.
The nest was a beautiful structure, and was placed in a Mahogany tree (Eucalyptus vobusta) at an
altitude of 26 feet. It resembles very much that of the Leather Head, but is often much more neatly
constructed. This species confines itself to the trees growing near water courses. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 1°53 x o'88.

This is the historical set of 3 eggs with which the first authenticated egg of the Koel Cuckoo
(Eudynamis cyanocephala) was taken. Specimen A. of the clutch measures in inches = 1°40 x I‘ot.
For my notes see also A. J. Campbell's book, pages 82 and 587, and illustration ; also, coloured figure
on plate 17. The eggs of this set are much shorter and stouter specimens compared with those of
clutch No. 543, and the ground colour is of a very much darker cream. On the afternoon of the 31st
of October, 1894, I left South Grafton and went into the bush, in hopes of securing some special beetles
of the Carabide family, for a friend collector, but before I had gone very far my attention was directed
to a pair of Koels (¢ and ?), by the great noise they were making in the gully. I went over and
noticed the birds fly from a Forest Apple tree (Angophora subvelutina) into another beside it, and found
the female Koel on a limb near an Oriole’s nest. This looked to me suspicious, and at the same time
very encouraging, so I climbed up and carefully “ mirrored” the nest, and found it to contain only 3
eggs of the Oriole. I came down again and rested in the shade, and with an anxious mind and palpi-
tating heart, watched the female Koel as she chased the Orioles. Shortly the male Koel flew away,
and the female went on the Oriole’s nest. I did not move, although I was most uncomfortable through
the cramped way in which I was sitting, and after waiting for fifteen minutes, I got up and hit the tree
to frighten the Koel off the nest, but she would not go. I then felt thoroughly convinced she was
laying, and that my patience would be rewarded ; so after fully another fifteen or twenty minutes, I got
up and hit the tree again, this time with a tomahawk, and in a few seconds off she flew, accompanied
by the male, who had returned in the meantime. I was quite delighted at this, and once more climbed
the tree, and found the nest contained four eggs—three of the Oriole, and one of the Koel Cuckoo.
In scooping the eggs from the nest, the Koel’s egg got a little dented on the side, but has since been
successfully repaired. See accompanying illustrations, pages 100, ror. The three Oriole’s eggs measure—
Specimen A. = 1°40 x ror; Specimen B. = 1°34 x 0°97; Specimen C. = 1°39 x ror. The
Koel’s egg measures = 1°36 x 1°02,

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

544

No. in
J

Book.
460

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Eggs
I KOEL CUCKOO,
Eudynamis cyanocephala, Latham.

One egg, taken with the latter set of 3 Oriole’s eggs, at South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 31st of October, 1894. The particulars re the discovery are given above.
This rare specimen was forwarded to the Australian Museum, in Sydney, for inspection, and was
described in the ‘‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,” in 1895, concluding with
the following remark :—“ It will be observed that the egg of Flinder’s Cuckoo (Koel) is the same size

NEST AND CLUTCH OF THREE EGGS OF THE ORIOLE, AND ONE EGG OF THE KOEL CUCKOO.
(About half of the natural size.)
Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.
(See data No. 544, page 99.)

(about) as those of the Green-backed Oriole, although, asa rule, the eggs of Australian Cuckoos are
larger than those of the birds in whose nests they are deposited. In the choice of a foster-parent for
its young, Flinder’s Cuckoo has, however, exercised great discrimination in selecting a species that,
like itself, depends entirely on fruits and berries for its subsistence during the spring and summer
months.” The general note of the Koel is a real coo-ee like sound, that may be heard both night and
day, and it is familiarly known in the country districts as the ‘‘Coo-ee Bird,” which name it has
undoubtedly received on account of its peculiar note. The male is of a beautiful rich glossy black,

100

ees THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.
and has red eyes, while the temale is grey with a whitish breast, mottled with scales of black. During
October of 1895 my brother and I hunted a Koel (9 ) from the nest of the Babbler (/omatorhinus), on
two occasions, near South Grafton, N.S.W. The eggs of this Cuckoo must be plentiful some seasons
in the Clarence River district, as the birds are often very numerous there during October, November.

RARE EGG OF THE KOEL CUCKOO.
(Natural size).
(See data No, 544 page 100).
and December. Their eggs resemble very much
some specimens of those laid by the Leather
Head or Friar Bird.
545 582 NORTHERN ORIOLE,
Oriolus affinis, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, taken in the Bloomfield River
district, North Queensland, by collector engaged
by C. French, jnr., on 26th December, 1895.
These eggs are a little different to those of the
New South Wales species. Specimen A. measures
= 1°30 x 0°96.

546 592 YELLOW ORIOLE,
Oriolus flavicinctus, King.

Set of 2 eggs, taken by H. Barnard, at Cape
York, North Queensland, on January 3rd, 1897.
Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°15 x 0°87,
and is a darker and less pointed egg than speci-
men B., yet they are both from the very same
nest, and taken together. These are the smallest
eggs of the Oriole family.

547 181 3 ROCK WARBLER,
Origma rubricata, Latham.

Set of 3 pearly white eggs, taken by Sid.
W. Jackson, ina cave at the South-west Arm,
Port Hacking, south of Sydney, on the 26th of
September, 1903. The nest, which also contained
an egg of the Fan-tailed Cuckoo, was the usual NEST OF THE ROCK WARBLER,
bleached looking dome-shaped structure, and Suspended from the roof of a cave.

2 (About one quarter of the natural size.)
measured 18 by 6 inches, and was composed

Loc., Port Hacking, near Sydney.
principally of fibrous roots, bark, leaves and (See data No. 547.)

101

No, in

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

547

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

cobwebs matted together ; also, large quantities of a dried narrow marine phanerogamous plant, which
is known as Sea Grass or Wrack (Zostera marina), and may frequently be found growing in most of the
shallow saline waters. It was suspended from a small ledge of rock, on the sloping roof of the cave,
and to which it had been very securely fastened with glutinous cobwebs, etc. I had great difficulty in
taking the accompanying photograph of it, on account of it being built in rather a dark place, and the
wind caused the nest to move for a considerable time before I finally succeeded in making my exposure,
which was naturally a very long one, and I was obliged to use large white sheets in order to reflect
sufficient light into the cave. 1 have found these nests built in quite a number of different positions,

and one at Port Hacking during September of 1903, was suspended from the roof of a hollow
rock, and at high tide the water was only three inches from the bottom or tail end of it. I have

known the nests also to be built in caves only a few yards from the ocean, on the rocky headlands near
Sydney. It was during August, of season 1905, that I had the pleasure of inspecting one of them
at Manly, near Sydney, which the birds had built in a most extraordinary position, and it was actually

suspended from the ridge pole of a camp, where it dangled down over the bunks. The camp

party would not allow any person to molest their welcome little visitors, and they went on building, laid
a sitting of eggs, and ultimately reared their young; the continual traffic in and out of the camp, and
the general noise and bustle of the camp party did not in any way deter them from building in the

strange spot they had selected. As a rule these birds are very shy and solitary little creatures, usually
frequenting rocky gullies and inaccessible ravines and places away from all habitation. I have only
_once noticed one perch in a tree, and they appear to be quite terrestrial in their habits, and may

frequently be seen hopping over the ground and large moss-covered rocks in search of food. Their

ordinary note, which is a shrill and rapid little chirp, is not unlike that of the Spine-tailed Log Runner
\ (Orthonyx) of the northern scrubs, and also that of the White-fronted Scrub Wren (Sericoynis), and is often

kept up for a considerable time while the birds are engaged feeding ; and when calling to one another
from distant parts of the gullies, they give a sharp loud note resembling ‘ dee-dee, dee-dee, dee-dee,”
and at other times they utter “ tid-ed-ee, tid-ed-ee, tid-ed-ee, tid-ed-ee.”” This species is also known as
the “Cataract Bird,” and I think this appellation is more appropriate, as the birds are frequently found
about the small waterfalls in the ravines, and on several occasions I have found their nests in caves in
proximity to these tumbling waters. I noticed that they sometimes take nearly six weeks from the time
they start to build the nest, until the eggs are laid in it. In localities where the gullies are well shaded
with scrub, these birds often decorate the nests with green Moss (Meteovium), which makes them
closely resemble those of the Large-billed Scrub Wren (Sericornis), and strange to say the albino eggs of
the latter species (see data No. 379) resemble in every respect those of the Rock Warbler. All these
Scrub Wrens build dome-shaped nests, with a small opening on the side, and most of which are suspended
from the extremities of long branches of trees and vines in the scrubs, the eggs being chocolate coloured,
and sometimes they are very dark. The Rock Warbler, nevertheless, deposits snow white eggs. Why?
The Cuckoo which places its egg in the nest of the Rock Warbler is the same species as that which
lays in the nests of the Scrub Wrens, so the eggs of the latter being dark coloured, and more difficult to
see in the covered in nest, have not by any means been instrumental in deterring the Cuckoos from
laying in them, The Rock Warbler is a stationary species, and remains with “ us” in New South Wales
throughout the whole year. It is plentiful within a radius of sixty miles of Sydney, and has been
observed as far west as Jenolan Caves, and south to the Victorian border, and its northern limit is
supposed to extend as far as the southern portions of Queensland, but I have never seen it north of
Newcastle, N.S.W. The Port Jackson district is the stronghold of this interesting species. Specimen
A. of the set of eggs under notice measures = o'81 x o*62.
FAN-TAILED CUCKOO,
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Latham.

This Cuckoo’s egg was taken from the nest with the above set of 3 Rock Warbler’s eggs. It is
interesting here to note that this egg is only one point longer, and three points narrower, than specimen
A. of those of the foster parents. It measures = 0°82 x 0°59.

102

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

5474 «181 3 ROCK WARBLER,
Ovigma rubricata, Latham.

Set of 3 eggs, which were quite fresh, and were taken on the 4th of August, 1907, by W. Humphries,
Frank D. and Sid. W. Jackson, from a nest which had been suspended from the flat roof of a dark cave,
which faced a small cataract in Blue Gum gully, west of Chatswood, near Sydney. In company with
J. W. Dawson I found this nest getting built on the 30th of June, 1907, so that really it took the birds
over 36 days to complete it, and lay the complement of eggs. Blue Gum gully isa wild and rugged
region, and with its large sandstone boulders everywhere, and its scrubby dells and precipitous cliffs,
forms the true haunt of the Rock Warbler. The only time I can remember seeing this bird perch in a
tree, was just before I took this nest and eggs, when to my surprise one of the birds ( ? ) flew up on to
the branch of a Forest Oak (Casuarina) at a height of about 16 feet, and sat there for nearly a minute.
I think it was done with the
object of making a preliminary
survey of the surroundings before
returning to her nest again, for
she seemed to know that her
naturalistic admirers were in the
vicinity, but was quiteunconscious
of the raid which we had pre-
arranged and planned for the
capture of her comfortable little
domicile and its contents. The
nest was composed of soft bark
and delicate rootlets, interwoven
with masses of cobwebs, and
decorated with several portions
of a bright green fern-like moss ;
it was well protected from storms,
floods,and bush fires,and nothing
less than a severe earthquake
could have destroyed it. It was
suspended from the edge of a
very thin layer or stratum of sand-
stone on the very flat roof of the
cave, and well out of reach of the
bush rat and predatory snake,
etc., being nearly five feet up
from the floor of the cave. It is
wonderful the neat way in which FLASHLIGHT PHOTOGRAPH OF THE NEST OF THE ROCK WARBLER,
these birds secure the top portion Showing it suspended from the roof of the cave.
of the nest to the roof of the cave, (One sixth’ ofthe Sostiral aize.)
considering the work isoften done og. Ble bite has ee nie sa ca
in a dark place, and apparently
under great disadvantage, as the birds have no foothold while at the commencement of their work.
The material used for this purpose consists principally of strong glutinous cobwebs, which sometimes
are utilized in conjunction with another sticky substance, and resemble those which are used by Wasps
(Vespide) in fastening their paper-like nests to verandah roofs, etc. Notwithstanding that the nests ot
the Rock Warbler are well hidden in the dark caves, etc., yet the Fan-tailed Cuckoo cunningly fossicks
them out, and places her egg in same. The nest under notice is not such a large one as the former
specimen (data No. 547), on account of it being devoid of a tail. It measures one foot long by five

103

No. ip
A. J

A.J.
Data Campbell's

No.

Book.

No. of

Eges.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

inches across, and is comparatively very light. On the 2nd of August the nest contained 2 eggs, and
also on the 4th, but on making a careful examination of it when measuring it afterwards, I was
pleasantly surprised to find a third egg embedded in the lining, it having evidently been laid before the
bird had finished padding the interior. It was a lucky find, and now makes a complete set of 3, all of
which possess minute specks of brown on the larger ends, though asa rule, these eggs are absolutely
devoid of markings. I experienced much difficulty in taking the flashlight photograph of this nest on
page 103, owing to the very awkward way in which I had to fix my camera inside the mouth of the

Showing the entrante or opening to the cave in which the Rock Warbler's nest was found.
Loc., Blue Gum Gully, Chatswood, near Sydney.
(See data No. 5474.)

cave, to enable me to get a proper view of my-subject. Four exposures were made on the one plate,
extending over four minutes ten seconds, the intervals being necessary in order to allow the congested
smoke from the magnesium light to escape from the cave, otherwise the picture would have been totally
fogged and destroyed. The other two photographs show, from two different positions, the cave from
thé outside, and give a persona good idea of the class of country which this bird loves to live in.
This nest did not contain an egg of the Fan-tailed Cuckoo, as was the case with the former nest, but

104

Ho. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. Book. Sgg3.

Photograph taken from a high rocky ledge, looking across a sunlit part of Blue Gum
Gully, at Chatswood, near Sydney. The cave which contained the Rock Warbler’s nest is
on the right of the white cross, near the top of the picture.

(See data No. 5474, page 103)

105

Data Campbell's No. of

No. in

A.J

No. Book. Eggs.
548 53 4
549 159 3

THE JACKSONIAN OCLOGICAL COLLECTION,

that is simply on account of it being rather early in the year for this Cuckoo to lay ; but in the second
brood, which is much later in the season, the egg of this Cuckoo will frequently be found in these
nests. Twenty-six days later (August 30th), I again found a nest, but only after patiently watching the
birds for some time, following them up and down the sides of the rugged gorge, and examining hollow
logs, rocks, as well as caves and other likely places. It was nearly completed, and was suspended
from the roof of a small square opening, which ran back a distance of about twelve feet into the rock,
near the top of a ridge, and within a hundred yards of the cave from which the nest (547A) was taken,
although in a more unlikely and less frequented spot, and was built by the same pair of birds. Of the
set under notice, Specimen A. measures = 0°85 x 0°60, Specimen B. measures = 0°83 x 0°59,
Specimen C. measnres = 0°82 x 0°62.

WHITE-WINGED CHOUGH,
Corcovax melanorhamphus, Vieillot.

Beautiful clutch of 4 fresh eggs, taken by H. Scotney at Harriman Park, South-western Queensland,
on 8th September, 1897. My first acquaintance with these birds was made on the Darling Downs,
Queensland (in 1888), where I had the pleasure of hearing their peculiar cry, and finding many of their
nests. They were comparatively very large bowl-shaped structures, composed of dried mud and lined with
grass, etc., and were all placed on the horizontal branches of forest trees. I discovered the birds and
their nests in the following manner :—While in Toowoomba, Q., I arranged a little trip in order to
explore the very unfrequented scrubs in the vicinity of Jondaryan and Rosalie stations, Our party,
consisting of seven, reached Jondaryan Railway Station by train, and thence by the only conveyance
available (a rough spring cart), 25 miles to Patch’s scrub. Andy Flannagan, a real specimen of a
humorous Irishman, and the proprietor of the hotel at the railway station, provided the vehicle for us,
which we were glad to get. Leaving late in the evening, it was early morning when we got to the
scrubs, after a most amusing time travelling in the dark, and not knowing the track. We were all in
high spirits, and thoroughly enjoyed the big jolts and deep ruts we got into ; the mailman, who drives
a buckboard buggy, laughed heartily when he saw the places we wandered to. Jack Patch and the
family made us very comfortable, in real bush style, and after a rest we started away exploring the
beautiful Bottle tree scrub, known as Patch’s, our party being led by Jack, who knows every inch
of the country. We shot a fine lot of Scrub Turkeys and Wonga Wonga Pigeons, but the nettles
were very troublesome to us. Some of the Bottle trees (Stervculia rupestvis) were over 30 feet in circum-
ference at the base. Outside the scrub the Choughs were everywhere numerous; also their nests.
Specimen A. measures = 1°67 x 1°17.

SATIN BOWER BIRD,
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, Vieillot.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘* Bar-wee,"’)

Very handsome set of 3 eggs, of the spotted and blotched variety. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson,
near Cloud’s Creek, on the Armidale Road, south-west of Grafton, New South Wales, on the 23rd of
December, 1896. The accompanying photograph on page 107, illustrating the nest and set of 3
eggs appears also in A. J. Campbell’s book opposite page 192, and my notes on pages 194 and 195.
Specimen A. measures = 1°82 x 1°24; Specimen B. measures = 1°78 x 1°23 ; Specimen C. measures
= 1°81 x 1°23. The latter specimen (C.) is somewhat pyriform in shape. I find that the eggs of
these birds are subject to very great variation in their size, shape, ground colouring, also the general
disposition and shape of the markings. In one case the eggs are boldly blotched and spotted, in
another the markings are dull, cloudy, and much broken; and I have taken sets of another form,
where the markings consist of long, wavy and twisting lines, predominating at the larger ends of the
eggs. (See set No. 550A). This latter variety very much resembles the beautiful line-covered eggs of
the Regent Bower Bird (Seviculus melinus), Swainson, only of course the eggs of the former are larger
and of a darker ground colour than those of the Regent Bird. The above set of 3 eggs were the first
specimens I took during my visit to Cloud’s Creek, as will be seen by the following notes. On the

106

No, in

AST.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

23rd of December, 1896, I started from South Grafton at early morn, and proceeded on my bicycle to
Nymboida, thence on towards Cloud’s Creek, which I subsequently passed. On reaching my
destination, after a good day’s riding on the machine, which was loaded with tent, camera, rations, etc.,
I pitched “camp,” and being very anxious to do some egg hunting before dark, in this beautiful
locality, I had a stroll among the Oak trees (Casuarina suberosa and C. tovulosa) that grew along the
edge of the scrub. My desire to revisit the haunts of this Satin Bower Bird was very great, and I had
not been so very long in the vicinity when strange cries came to my ears from down the gully. I then
walked down very cautiously in that direction, when my attention was attracted to an Oak tree, through
noticing a female fly suddenly from a cluster of Mistletoe (Loranthus linophyllus) in it. On climbing
up I found a nest carefully concealed in this parasitical growth, which contained 3 beautiful eggs, quite
fresh (see data No. 549.) It was a rough structure of sticks and twigs, and resembled very much the
nest of the Black-throated Butcher Bird (Cvacticus nigvigularis), but was lined with dead leaves of the
Spotted Eucalyptus instead of roots and grass, and was about the same size as that which we found at
Nymboida during October 1895, and from which we took set No. 550A. I carefully emptied the nest
of its contents, but unfortunately it could not be
removed in perfect condition, on account of the
sticks and twigs of same being so interlaced with
those of the Mistletoe, and the latter were
growing on rather a thick limb. After making
further searches, I succeeded in finding nine
more nests, within a radius of a mile of my
camp, all of which were built in Oak trees
(Casuavina), and in the same position as the
first nest was found, with the exception that four
of them were built in the upright forks of the
trees, and not in the Mistletoe, as the other six
were. Of the nine nests found there were eggs
in four of them, out of which I got one fresh set
of 2, anda few addled specimens, the balance
of them being too far advanced in incubation to
be blown. The remaining five nests all con-
tained young birds covered with down, and in
one nest I found a young bird possessing four

NEST AND CLUTCH OF 3 EGGS OF THE SATIN
BOWER BIRD.

legs, and now regret I did not keep the curiosity (About one-eighth of the natural size.)
instead of placing it back into the nest. In all _Loc., near Cloud's Creek, Clarence River district, N.S.W.
I procured seven eggs, which varied much in (See data No. 549, page 106.)

size, shape and colour. Out of the ten nests
found, the following is the detailed result :—

One nest contained set of 3 eggs (fresh).

One ,, iy »» 99 2 9, (almost fresh).

One ,, ys 93 I, (addled) and 1 bird.

Four nests _,, 4) 99 3 young birds each.

Two ,, ee yy 2 eggs each (heavily incubated).

One nest ‘5 » 9 3. 9» +t addled, 2 heavily incubated).

The nests were placed at elevations varying from twenty to thirty feet, and in cases where they were not
built in the Mistletoe, they were situated in forks near the trunks or centres of the trees, at the topmost
parts. The birds were very tame, and did not come near me when I was at the nest, my presence
evidently not causing them much alarm, but they sat and poured forth their guttural cry from adjoining
trees. I spent four days alone in these woods, away from all interruption, having a very busy time,
and before packing up camp found two more nests, but very old ones, which had probably been a

107

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

No. in

Book.

Eges.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

few years built. While climbing up to one of the nests, and when nearing the same, I received rather
an unexpected shock by finding a huge Goana, known also as Iguana (Hydvosaurus varius), just starting
to eat one of the heavily incubated eggs, though fresh ones are, of course, generally preferred. The
ugly creature, in its sudden amazement, jumped on my head, and then descended to the ground. The
feeling was not by any means pleasant, but the experience was rather unique. My brother and I have
often seen these Iguanas eating Magpies’ eggs on the rocky ridges north-west of Toowoomba, Q. The
Magpies built in the Ironbark trees on these spurs, and we have frequently hunted these reptiles from
the nests during season of 1889. Ona more recent visit to the haunts of the Satin Bird, I found them
all busily engaged building, and came across several of their partially constructed nests, which were
again placed in Oak trees. Having to return to Grafton a few days after, and unable to await the result
of the building operations, I arranged with a friend who was camped in the locality to take the eggs for
me later on, and left him the necessary blowpipes and drills. However, before the birds had started
to lay, and as the nests were nearing completion, a disastrous hail storm broke over the district one
afternoon, devastating everything and smashing the nests beyond all recognition. In the thickly
timbered belt of country extending from Nymboida to the rich Don Dorrigo plateau, severe hail storms
of an unusual character
are very prevalent during
the warmer months. I
have seen the bark on
the Eucalyptus trees in
these localities deeply
dented all over on the
side which the storm
had struck, and so deep
were these incisions that
they appeared like the
marks resulting from the
blow of a hammer. These
bruises soon turn to a
brownish color, remain-
ing visible on the trees
for many months; then

disappear gradually as
the bark is shed. Al
though I have been BOWER OR PLAY GROUND OF THE SATIN BOWER BIRD,

fortunate with the eggs Decorated with numerous snail shells and feathers.

A“ : About one-twelfth of the natural size
of this bower bird, they Sereda mee asia )

Loc,, Badger Corner, Don Dorrigo Scrubs, N.S.W.

are nevertheless rare (See data No. 550.)
items, and are still agreat
desideratum in many collections. A. J. Campbell, writing on this species, states :—‘‘ It is somewhat

remarkable that, notwithstanding the Satin Birds are plentiful locally, the eggs are exceedingly rare in

collections.”

Beautiful set of 2 eggs, of the irregularly lined variety, the lines and hook-like hieroglyphics being
chiefly confined to the larger end of the eggs. This is a very rare and peculiar form of markings for
this species, and they are even more pronounced in the following set. The nest was built in a
Mistletoe (Loranthus linophyllus) in a Forest Oak tree, 26 feet from the ground, at Bostobric, near Don
Dorrigo scrubs, N.S.W. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson on the r4th of October, 1898. Speci-
men A. measures = 1°57 x 1°15. Of the bowers or play-houses of this species we found quite a
number, both in the Clarence River district and in the Don Dorrigo, Those found in the latter locality

108

Data
No.

550A

No. in

A.J.
Campbell’s No. of

Book.

x59

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

were always the finest structures, and were tastefully decorated by the birds with coloured berries, leaves,
dead land shells (snails), glass, blue feathers, etc. ; even tobacco tags, dropped by the men working in
the scrubs, were amongst the ornaments found in the bowers. The decorations always depended
entirely on the condition of the surroundings. The bower is simply a play-ground or courting place.
Some people are under the impression that the birds deposit their eggs in these bowers ; this, of course,
is a very wrong idea ; the play-ground is in no way connected with the nidification. The accompany-
ing illustration of the bower of this Satin Bird (page 108), is from a photograph which I took at Badger
Corner, in the Don Dorrigo scrubs, in October of 1898, and not far from the nest which contained the
set of eggs under notice. This beautiful play-ground contained, amongst its various decorations, a tail
feather of the Lyre Bird ; also, blue Parrot feathers, coloured leaves, and quite a number of dead snail
shells, the latter comprising some rare species, peculiar to those parts, viz. :—Heélix ptycomphala,
Helix Bellengevensis, Helix dupuyana, Helix Strangei, and the beautiful delicate Bulimus Larveyt. The
latter shell, which was described 34 years ago, was named after an aboriginal known in those days as
‘King Larrey,” and who was with John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., the conchologist, when he originally found
this new species at

Manarm Creek, near 7) Bt Par

Oa
“ ae
is

the Don Dorrigo, in
1873. When I related
my find of this rare
snail shell to Dr.
Jas) (C2 (Cox, M:D:,
F.R.C.S., he was quite
elated over it, as the
specimens in his great
conchological collec-
tion had been found
by J. Brazier in the
scrubs near the Don
Dorrigo in 1873, and

the doctor had not

seen any others since Our camp at Nymboida, near Grafton, N.S.W., close to the Oak forest from which
we took the set of Satin Birds’ eggs.

(See data No. 550A.)

then. Rare landshells
are often found in the
various Bower Birds’ play-grounds. It would be interesting to learn why these birds have the strange
habit of decorating the bowers with blue feathers and pieces of blue glass, in preference to other colors.
Their eyes being of a beautiful blue may probably have something to do with it. The glass usually
consists of portions of broken castor oil bottles, which the birds pick up about the settlers’ homesteads
in the scrubs.

This magnificent clutch of two eggs was taken in the Oak forest, close toa dense scrub, near
Nymboida, and situated 33 miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W., on the 29th of October, 1895, by
W. McEnerny, J. Bennett, and Sid. W. Jackson. Unfortunately we were only able to spend one day in the
latter locality, otherwise we may have been successful in finding more of these nests and eggs. It was this
find that encouraged and prompted me to revisit the locality again, and also Clouds Creek in December
of the following year (1896), when I took, with other specimens, set No. 549. The pair of eggs under
notice are very elongated specimens, and are most beautifully veined all over, on a ground of yellowish-
stone, with long lines of cinnamon-brown, purple, and purplish-grey, the latter appearing as if beneath
the surface of the shell. They look as if a person had painted fanciful shapes and figures on the shell
with a brush. These curious lines and hook-like markings twist and bend about in all directions, and
on specimen A., which is an unusually well-marked egg, the bizarre markings are very numerous,

109

JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

THE

A J.

Data Cam

No. in

pbell’s No. of
E

Book.

‘dua

YAMOH NILVS GHL AO SODA AO

(‘vooe ‘oN minp 229)
*SOTEAA INOS MON ‘uoOVeI4H 1vaU ‘eploquIAN “oT
(‘azis [eanjzeu oy] Jo yey A[IvaN)

UlVd ANOSAGNVH V

GQNV LSHUN FHL

ONINIVLINOD HIMOUND AOLATLSIN

110

oO.

Doe

552

No. in

Book.

A. J.
ie Campbell's No. of

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

and the egg resembles some of those laid by the Regent Bird. This is the most exquisite clutch that has
yet come under my notice, and strange to say was my first find of the eggs of this species. The nest was
placed twenty feet high, and entirely hidden in the dense foliage of a large clump of Mistletoe (Loran-
thus linophyllus), which-grew on a branch of a Forest Oak (Casuarina torulosa). After removing the eggs
the limb was cut off and carefully lowered, and in order to photo-
graph the nest to advantage I was obliged to cut away a great
quantity of the Mistletoe. The accompanying illustration on page
110 shows the nest, containing the two eggs, in its natural position
in the upright and thicker branches of the latter parasitical growth.
The nest was composed of thin sticks and twigs, and measured
ten inches across, the lining consisting of several layers of dead
Eucalyptus leaves, some of which are plainly visible in the illustra-
tion. In the accompanying photograph specimen A. is also shown
natural size. Specimen A. measures = 1.85 x 1°13 Specimen
B. measures = 1°67 X I'12.

Set of 2 eggs, which are of the cloudy marked variety, and
were taken from a nest built ina Mistletoe (Loranthus linophyllus)
in a Forest Oak tree (Casuarina torulosa), at Tyringham, nearly 60
miles south-west of Grafton, N.S.W. Taken by A. and P. Boon
on the 4th of November, 1898. I have never known these Satin
Birds to build in the scrubs, always selecting (from what I have

: MARK EGG OF T
seen of them) the Forest Oak trees. The Regent Bower Bird, oF EE eee: HCG) OF THE
SATIN BOWER BIRD.

(Speeimen A. of set data No. 550A.)
The Satin Bird is a great mimic. The first set of their eggs which (Natural size.)

came into my possession was, unfortunately, end blown, and

was found in an Oak tree (Casuarina), in the bush near Tyringham, by my friends Arthur, Albert, and
Philip Boon, during season of 1892. The set now under notice concludes the series of the four
magnificent clutches displayed in this collection, and is probably the finest series extant. Specimen A.
measures = 1°74 X I'I5.

however, always builds in the scrubs, and never in the forest.

REGENT BOWER BIRD,
Sericulus melinus, Swainson.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘" Whar-gi or Bullen Bullen,"’)

Handsomely marked set of 2 eggs, possessing the usual mass of labyrinthine lines, turning and
twisting in every direction. The nest measures nine inches across, and is of very loose construction,
the eggs being visible through it from below; it was built of sticks, thin twigs, and the dried yellow
stems of a tree Orchid, and was placed in a tree locally known as the Cork tree (Dudoisia myoporoides),
on account of its bark resembling that substance, being built at a height of only 16 feet, and was of
course easy to procure. The nest and eggs, which are shown in the accompanying photograph on page
112, were taken in the scrub between Booyong and Binna Burra, north-east of Lismore, in the Richmond
River district of New South Wales, on the 20th of November, 1899, by W. McEnerny and Sid. W.
Jackson. No scrub remains now (1907) between Booyong and Binna Burra, and I was greatly surprised
to notice how everything had been cut down and burnt, when I revisited the district in November of
1904. The dairying industry has made marvellous progress there during the past seven years, necessi-
tating the demolition of the scrubs, so that the birds have been driven to the dense bush situated
towards the Queensland border. While camped at Booyong, we found four Regent Birds’ nests, and
took two sets of eggs; one nest was placed only seven feet from the ground, about a hundred yards
from the camp, and where it was obtained, in the “Aen dense scrub, a comfortable little home-
stead now stands. These beautiful gold and velvet-black plumaged birds, came frequently about the
camp, and did not appear very shy ; while numbers were often to be seen feeding along the edge of the
scrub on the ripe berries of the Ink Weed ( Pkyto/acca dioica) and the wild Raspberry (Rubus vosefolius).

111

Bk a THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

We were successful in finding five of their bowers or ‘ play-houses,” which are a great deal smaller
than those of the Satin Bower Bird, the sticks being placed more upright, and do not droop over so
much at the tops as in those of the latter birds. One bower, in the scrub across Unio Creek, was
nearly always frequented by the birds as we passed, and we spent several hours watching them tossing
snail shells and highly coloured berries and flowers over their backs, and then running in and out of
the bower, and re-arranging them in it. Every time we halted to examine this play ground they would
have a fresh supply of snail shells, berries (red, yellow, green and blue), and highly coloured leaves and

vt Seth
7 Sr ee

NEST AND EGGS OF THE REGENT BOWER BIRD.
(Nearly four-fifths of the natural size.)
Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W.
(See data No. 552.)

flowers arrayed. One morning I found in it a fresh yellow blossom ot a very disagreeable aroma,
belonging to a ground creeping plant (Aibbertia volubilus) which only grows in the bush adjacent to the
sea shores, and to get this the bird must have travelled nearly 26 miles, as Booyong is 13 miles from
the sea as the crow flies. This just shows the amount of hunting and the distances these birds travel
in order to secure some highly coloured object for the zesthetical decoration of their happy play grounds
or bowers. During my last visit to this bower, I counted no less than 53 snail shells, which comprised
the following nine species, most of which are only found in the scrubs of the Richmond River district,
viz., ZZelix confusa, H. Stvangei, H. Fraseri, H. Porteri, H. mansueta, H. pudibunda, H. Falconari (young),

112

BS Ghuaee THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

oe oe ge
HT. brevipila, and H. Richmondiana (young). In addition to these shells, and the coloured berries,
leaves, etc., were numbers of the large glossy seeds from the Black Scrub Plum, known also as
the Black Apple (Sidevoxylon australe), an insipid fruit which grows as large as a fowl’s egg. This bird
was discovered during the regency of George IV., and was so named asa compliment to him. The
camera was indeed of very great service to me while engaged collecting in the scrubs, and with it I was
enabled to secure photographs of some very rare and interesting subjects. Before leaving Booyong I
took the accompanying photograph of the play-house of the Regent Bower Bird, which I have
already spoken of as being in the scrub across the creek. ‘This bower was visited by the pair of birds

belonging to the nest which contained the two eggs shown on page 112. Of the set of 2 eggs under

sy LANG SZ

BOWER OR PLAY GROUND OF THE REGENT BOWER BIRD,
Showing snail shells, berries, flowers, seeds, etc., used by the birds for decorative purposes.
(About one-sixth of the natural size.)

Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W.

notice specimen A. measures = 1°45 x 1°03, and is a beautifully marked egg, the long wavy lines
continuously encircling it, and leaving the pointed end clear. On each side of the drill hole of this
egg is a figure of the alphabet, and looking at it with the pointed end towards you, and the drill hole
up, there is a capital S on the right hand side ; from it a delicate but distinct line runs past and below
the drill hole to the left and around the egg, and touches the top of a capital J. This is a very strange
coincidence, inasmuch as my initials are formed of those two letters. The drawing reproduced on page

113

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

554

SE)

No. in

Book.

161

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OCLOGICAL COLLECTION,

114 is a facsimile of the two letters on the egg, and of natural size. Specimen B. measures = 1°51 x
1°07, and is well marked, but the lines are more interrupted and broken, and do not so frequently
encircle it. The larger end of this specimen, however, is very free from markings, and is

just the reverse to Specimen A. The eggs of this species resemble very much those

of the Spotted Bower Bird, only the latter have a faint greenish-grey ground colour.

Like the Satin Bower Bird, the Regent Bird sometimes builds in the Mistletoe, and we

found this to be the case on two occasions in the Booyong scrubs, in clusters of the scrub

species (Lovanthus alyxifolius), growing on the Booyong trees (Zarrietia actinophylla). 1

have seen the birds as far north as the Pine River scrubs, north-east of Brisbane, Q., and

as far south as the Ourimbah scrubs, near Gosford, N.S.W. Their note is very like that

of the Satin Bird, and isa peculiar guttural sound resembling “ kar-r-r-r-r.”

SPOTTED BOWER BIRD,
Chlamydera maculata, Gould.

Handsome set of 2 eggs, taken west of Rockhampton, in Central Queensland, on the
16th of September, 1898, by W. B. Barnard. ‘The nest of this species is very loosely
constructed of small sticks and twigs, as is the case with that of the Regent Bower Bird; the eggs
likewise being plainly visible through it from beneath. The eggs of this set are smaller than those of the
Regent’s (No. 552), the ground colour being of a very pale greenish tinge, while those of the latter are
of a light yellowish stone. There is a distinct difference
between the eggs of the two species, but at first glance
they appear very much alike. Both the eggs are beautifully
marked, and specimen A. has the thread-like lines
wound round and round the centre, leaving the thin or
pointed end free of them. As A. J. Campbell says—“ the
eggs are very beautiful, and most singular in appearance,
resembling fine porcelain with hand painted markings.”
They have the resemblance also of an egg which has coloured
threads wound carelessly around it. One of the first authenti-
cated sets of these eggs discovered was found by J. B. White,

and described by Dr. E. P. Ramsay, vide ‘‘ Proceedings of | EGGS OF THE SPOTTED BOWER BIRD,
(Almost natural size.)

(Clutch data No. 553.)

the Zoological Society, 1874.” Specimen A. measures =
1°39 X I'02. Specimen B. measures = 1°43 x 0°98.

QUEENSLAND BOWER BIRD,
Chlamydera orientalis, Gould.

Clutch of one egg, though two usually form the sitting. Taken at Tolworth, near Cooktown,
North Queensland, by W. Fuller, on the 18th of September, 1901. This is not such a well marked
specimen as those of the latter two species, the lines on this egg being very short and broken. Dudley
Le Souef, of Melbourne, found these nests containing only a single egg, during his visit to North
Queensland. It measures in inches = 1°63 x 1°07.

CAT BIRD,
AZ luredus viridis, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Richmond River district as ‘‘ To-wan-gera."’)

Splendid set of 2 eggs, taken at Booyong, near Lismore, Richmond River, N.S.W., by Sid. W.
Jackson, on the 29th ot October, 1899. The nest was placed in a Maiden’s Blush tree (Echinocarpus
australis), at an altitude of 27 feet, and is a beautiful rustic structure, being very deep, and composed
of large dead leaves and twigs of the latter tree. We found thirteen nests between Booyong and Binna
Burra during October and November of 1899, and succeeded in obtaining eggs from five of them.
The first nest found was in a Booyong (Tarrietia actinophylla) sapling, standing only a few feet from the

114

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Data Campbell's No. of

No.

556

No. 10

Book.

160

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

tent; and during a severe storm one afternoon, just as we were preparing to rob it, the sapling,
which was a very long thin one, was bent over to such an extent that the two fresh eggs rolled out, and
landed at the rear of our camp. ‘The tree was then cut down, and the nest secured. Only on one
occasion did I take a set of three eggs, two usually forming the full sitting. The real cat-like cry of
these birds was heard at all times, from daylight in the morning till after dusk at night. In addition
to the mew-like sound, they often utter a short shrill whistle resembling “ pit-pit-pit.”. When first I heard
it I was looking everywhere in the trees for another bird, never dreaming for the moment that it
emanated from the Cat Birds, and I found that when this short peculiar whistle is made, they toss their
heads suddenly forward as if sneezing. I have come across these birds as far south as Ourimbah, near
Gosford, N.S.W., and found
several of their nests, but none
containing eggs. They were
built in bushy scrub trees at
the heads of the gullies, be-
tween the mountains, in very
secluded spots. During a
recent visit of the members of
the N.S.W. Naturalists’ Club
to this locality, they were some-
what surprised in finding traces
of my ramblings and work at
the head of nearly every gully,
in the shape of my tree mark-
ings (3 nicks). This is a habit
I adopted some years ago and
I have found it very useful for
many reasons. In the Clarence
River district my bush mark

can plainly be seen to this day
on many trees from which

NEST AND EGGS OF THE CAT BIRD,
(About one quarter of the natural size.)

eggs have been taken, at
heights up to 125 feet. Black- Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W.

fellows passing along, and (See data No. 555. page 114).

noticing these marks at such

heights without traces of climbing, must think there is something uncanny or “ big one debil debil”
about them, the tree “climbing ladder” would never occur to them, of course. Specimen A. of the

set measures 1°68 x 1°20. Specimen B. measures = 1°73 X 1°20.

SPOTTED CAT BIRD,
Az luradus maculosus, Ramsay.

Perfect set of 2 eggs, taken at North Queensland on the 20th of October, 1895. The eggs are
smaller, and of rather a lighter colouring, than those of the previous species. Specimen A. measures
1°55 X 1°10. Specimen B. measures = 1°62 x 1°11. Received from Chas. French, jnr., Melbourne.

N,S.W. RIFLE BIRD OF PARADISE,
Ptilorhis paradisea, Swainson.
Clutch of two magnificent eggs, which are perfect specimens, and are the first pair of their kind
known to the scientific world. They were taken in the scrub at Booyong, 14 miles north-east of Lismore,
in the Richmond River district of New South Wales, on the 2nd of November, 1899, by W. McEnerny

and myself. The nest was placed 30 fect from the ground, ina Scrub Cherry tree ( Elaodendron australe).

L15

Data

No. in

A. J.
Campbell's No
Eggs.

Book

IHE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

I arrived at the Booyong scrubs, from Sydney, on the 4th of October, 1899, and on the second morning,
at twenty minutes to five, was awakened by one of these birds making its grating or rasping-like noise
just at the back of the “ camp,” and behind me as I reclined in my bunk. I took no notice, however,
but next morning it was repeated, and I was awakened at 4°30 a.m., and then became very interested,
deciding to visit the spot next morning if the noise, or note, was for the third time made. Next
morning I was again awakened by this bird, this time at nearly five o'clock, so I slipped on a pair
of boots, and in my pyjamas made my way through the treacherous Lawyer Vines and thorn bushes to
the part from which the sound appeared to come. I had not gone far when I saw a female Rifle Bird
fly from a dark clump on top of a Scrub Cherry tree, down upon a Water Vine (Vitis kypoglauca), which
hung swing-like between two trees. When I witnessed this I stood motionless, speechless, and almost
breathless with excitement, and watched the female on the vine ; she sat there for fully fifteen minutes,

NEST AND EGGS OF THE N.S.W. RIFLE BIRD OF PARADISE (Ptilorhis pavadisea), Swainson.
(Nearly half of the natural size.)
This was the first clutch of these eggs known to science.
Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W.
(See data No. 557, page 115.)

eyeing me in all ways, and turning around and looking down at me side ways ; then she would spend a
few minutes combing and cleaning her feathers with her long curved bill. During this performance a
handsome male bird suddenly put in an appearance, and deliberately flew down on the side of the
rough-barked trunk of a tall Red Cedar tree (Cedvela australis), within about three feet of me.
After carefully scrutinizing me all over, in a somewhat inquisitive manner, and having remained on the
side of the tree for about fifteen seconds, it gave two dreadful screeches and then disappeared very
suddenly, and just as mysteriously as it came. All kinds of pictures then flashed across my mind. I
imagined the nest was not far off, and that it contained a lovely set of eggs; then again I thought it
must have young in it, as the hen bird sat so long in the one place. At last I tried to raise my hopes
by surmising she was building, when off she flew, and went in almost a straight line through the scrub.

116

nt Z THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION
Nae

Data Campbell's No. of

No. Book.

It was a relief to me, as I was quite cramped standing in the same position, and unable to kill the large
mosquitoes that had been feeding on my hands and face, as well as remove the blood-thirsty scrub leeches,
which had also found me. I did not go away, however, but sat down behind a tree for fully another

twenty minutes ; still she did not return, and my hopes began to fall again. By this time, about 5.30

EGGS OF THE N.S.W. RIFLE BIRD OF
PARADISE.
(Almost natural size.)
(Clutch data No. 537.)

a.m., the scrub was better lighted, and I walked
over and looked up at the dark clusters of Law-
yer Vines (Calamus austvalis) and Scrub Cane
(Flagellavia indica), which were interlaced
with the foliage at the top of the Cherry tree,
and could see an isolated clump up near the
top. However, on examining the ground
directly beneath this nest-like object, I found
several freshly plucked portions of a small
round-leaved climbing fern (Polypodium ser-
fens), which of course told me that there was
a nest of some kind in course of construction
overhead. I was now satisfied, and immedi-
ately quitted the spot, returned to camp, and
found W. McEnerny, my assistant, wondering
what had become of me; and when I related
my find to him it was, of course, at once
treated asa joke. At mid-day on the same
occasion, when the sun was well overhead, we
both visited the spot together, and with the aid
of the field glasses could see a nest with masses
of the latter tree climbing fern built into it,

as well as cast off snake skins dangling from it

“ Ae : 4 Wm, McEnerny going up the pole to the nest from which
and the vines close by. I climbed up, after com took: the ‘first kncen cintel: Ghia ek tha Ne SY. Ritts
erecting a long pole and securing it with three _ Bird of Paradise.

guy lines, but did not put my hand near it Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W.

: ; (See data No. 557, page 115.)
nor did I smash or disarrange any twigs or

limbs on my way up and down; it was a new nest, and quite green with the vast quantities ot the

climbing fern that had been utilized in its construction. It was rather deep, and looked nearly ready

for eggs. Next day the camp was left in charge of my assistant, and I proceeded to Sydney by steamer

from Lismore, in order to attend to some business matters there; returning to the scrub again within

117

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAI COLLECTION.

even days. W. McEnerny assured me that no person had been near the tree containing the nest
during my absence, and according to my instructions no gun had been fired in that neighbourhood.
So with the full determination this time of taking a set of eggs from the nest (8 days since I last climbed
up), I again erected the pole and ascended ; but how my heart dropped when I found the nest filled
level to the top with dead leaves (induviz), and different to any of those on the trees towering above the
nest. I did not know what to do; had the birds abandoned the nest ? was the question, or had they
filied it with the leaves for their own purpose? which no doubt would be their object, thus keeping
intruders away until they were ready to lay, and so give the nest a desolate effect. No doubt that this

is the precaution the birds had taken for doing so. I took some of the dead leaves from the nest with

o
5S

a pair of forceps, and compared them with
those on the trees growing in the immediate
surroundings, but found none to corres-
pond withthem. I was then satisfied that
the birds had placed them in the nest
themselves. I then left it for seven days
more, and after hearing the birds screeching
early one morning behind the camp, having
been silent for that time, I erected the
pole, and after securing it with three ropes,
climbed up to the nest and found in it not
‘** dead and twisted leaves,” but instead two
magnificent eggs, which were quite fresh.
It was a glorious sight to look into the nest
this time, when I took those two lovely
specimens from it, and knowing they were
the first and only pair then recorded to
science, made me feel as though I had
suddenly and unexpectedly inherited some
big fortune. I was all excitement. This
took place on the 2nd of November, 1899,
and it was only very great patience and
perseverance that won for me these highly
treasured specimens. ‘The tree was then
cut down, the nest and eggs replaced

in their natural positions, and then photo-

graphed. This handsomely-plumed bird
is the most southern representative of the A peep into the nest of the N.S.W, Rifle Bird of Paradise, in its
magnificent Birds of Paradise, and is chiefly natural position in the dense Lawyer vines,

confined to the rich scrubs of South-east (About One ate one maiiralisize-)

Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W.

Queensland and North-east New South '
(See data No. 557.)

Wales, its southern limit now being about

the Manning River district, where a few may be found. The first bird ever seen was supposed to have
been shot by a convict named Wilson, in 1823, which was described by Swainson in 1825 ; and it seems
very remarkable that the first recorded set of their eggs (data No. 557) was only taken in 1899, seventy
six years afterwards. The males sometimes breed before their full and beautiful livery is donned; the
plumage prior to the transition stage being brown, and similar to that of the female. At Booyong I
succeeded in procuring one of these partly-plumaged males, whose upper surface is similar to
the females, with one or two black feathers appearing about the back of the neck, and some of the

brownish primaries becoming dusky-coloured. On the under surface the arrow shaped markings on

118

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Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

the feathers are generally darker and slightly mottled in parts ; the chest has a few shining spangle-like
shields and patches of sooty-black ; the thighs also are sooty, and on the abdomen isa patch of feathers
margined with rich olive green. See A. J. Campbell’s book on “ Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds,”
page 1073, for my notes on these finds ; the photograph of this nest and set of eggs is opposite page 68.
Accompanying these descriptions will be found several photographs treating with this set of eggs, which
give the following measurements :—Specimen
Avy" 1°26) x fo'92)s Specimen B: = 1:36
x o'90. During my stay at Booyong I found
five nests of this Bird of Paradise, and was
successful in taking eggs from three of them.
This set of 2 (No. 557) was the first find,
and was taken on the 2nd of November,
1899. The second find, also comprising a
set of 2 eggs, was made on the 2oth of
November of the same year, in the scrub
between Booyong and Binna Burra, and the
nest was placed at an altitude of 33 feet. This
set I passed on to Dr. Chas. Ryan, M.D., of
Melbourne. My third find was made in
company with W. McEnerny, about a mile
from the camp, on the 29th of November,
and the nest, which contained only one egg
(with incubation about seven days old), was
situated only eight feet from the ground, and
like the other nests was ingeniously festooned
with the cast off skins of snakes (see illustra-
tion), quantities being placed on the nest and
adjoining vines. This nest and egg I forwarded
to the Imperial Academy of Science at St.
Petersburg, Russia. The fourth nest I found
on the 30th of November, near Booyong, and
placed at an altitude of 45 feet in dense vines
with foliage at the top of a Booyong tree
(Tarrietia actinophylla); arrangements were
made to take it the following day. During
the night a violent storm brought down
a giant Fig Tree (Ficus macrophylla), which,
clearing a path for itself in the scrub, in turn
brought down the tree with the nest. W.
McEnerny and I set to work afterwards look-
ing amongst the fallen debris, and after an

. ter " x a Wm. McEnerny going up the pole to the second nest of the
hour’s diligent search we founda large portion wow. Rife Bird of Paradise.

of the nest, with fragments of the handsome Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W.

eggs. Severe storms at Booyong were of

common occurrence, and destroyed at different times several sets of eggs of the various species, which
we were watching with the view to taking. The fifth nest was found on the 4th of December, and was
situated in a mass of parasitical tree-climbing ferns (/v/yfodium), and placed at a height of 30 feet in
the umbrageous foliage at the top of a small Scrub Cherry tree (Z/@odendyon australe), in the scrub on
the flat across Unio Creek, about three hundred yards from our camp at Booyong. This creek
received its name from us on account of the large and beautiful pearl-bearing mussels (Unio

119

Data Campbell's

No.

No, io
A. J.

Book,

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

nove hollandie@) which we found in it. The latter nest I found by noticing the female tugging at a very
long piece of cast off snake skin, which was caught in amongst some Barrister vines (Mezoneuron
Scortechinii), and after releasing it she flew with it to the nest, and carefully arranged it on same. After
witnessing this I rested in the shade a little further away, and with the field glasses watched her visit
the nest again four times within half an hour, and each trip she brought snake skins to it. I then
carefully took the bearings of the tree containing the nest, and left the spot feeling thoroughly satisfied
that it would be ready for eggs in a few days. I returned again in six days in great hopes of procuring
a set, but was very much upset and disappointed on finding half an egg shell on the ground at the very
foot of the tree, and on climbing up to the nest I was more than surprised to find two newly-hatched
young birds, which were quite black and devoid of feathers or down of any kind. This now proves

ee
Se

Showing a pair of N.S.W. Rifle Birds of Paradise, in their natural positions, with their Nest and Eggs.
(About One-third of the natural size.)
(See data No. 557, page 115.)

that the nest contained eggs the day I saw her building, or rather putting snake skins on it, though I,
of course, naturally fancied the nest was not finished. The two young birds looked very remark-
able, and_ possessed large horny cones on their bills,
just above the nostrils, and @ something similar to that
= of the Friar Bird or Leather

onthe young Rifle Bird of

found on the upper mandible
Head. This protuberance

Paradise, is in all probability a concentrated growth,
which would naturally slowly diminish as the bill started to grow and lengthen, and ultimately disappear
altogether. The adult birds have long bills, which are rather curved, and average about 2} inches in
length. In company with W. McEnerny, I again visited this nest eight days later, in hopes of caging
the two young ones, knowing they were very rare items to get alive, and seldom seen in captivity ; but
we were again unsuccessful—they had gone—and the accumulation of debris in the nest proved beyond
all doubt that they had been successfully reared. In the decoration of the five nests of this beautiful

120

Data
No.

A. J.
Cumpbell’s No. of
Book. Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

bird, which I found at Booyong, the cast off skins of the following snakes were used in profusion, viz.,
Black Snake (Pseudechis porphyrviacus), Carpet Snake (Python vaviegata), and the Death Adder (Acan-
thophis antayctica). No doubt these skins are utilized for the purpose of scaring away other birds, scrub
rats, and various nest-robbing animals from the nests. The eggs are glossy, of a beautiful rich
flesh ground colour, and, like those of the two following species, are marked with longitudinal streaks
of reddish-brown and purplish-brown, and possess quite a hand-painted appearance. They greatly
resemble those of the sumptuously plumed Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisea rvaggiana) of New Guinea,
with the exception that those of the former are a little smaller. I had the pleasure lately of examining
in the collection of the Macleayan Museum, at the Sydney University, an egg of the latter species
taken in New Guinea. In the Richmond River scrubs we noticed the Rifle Birds of Paradise frequently

Our Camp in the Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, N.S.W., in 1899. Reading from the left the persons
are—W, M. Parker, I. J. Foster,and W. McEnerny. The white cross denotes the position of our first
find of the nest of the Rifle Bird of Paradise, from which clutch data No. 557 was taken.

devouring large yellow centipedes, which are collected in the hollows of trees, and the only time
that I noticed one of these birds on the ground was when a female dropped a huge centipede, and flew
down to pick it up. Strange to say we only saw the hen birds go into the hollows in quest of insects,
the handsome males never doing so; but we have known a hen to remain ina cavity for nearly half
an hour, and then finally make an appearance again with a centipede in her bill, which she would give
a few hard raps on the limb, and then swallow, the tail end of it wriggling as it slowly disappeared.
The fact that the female goes into these openings hunting for food, and remains there so long, helps to
throw some light upon the story told by the aborigines to the late John MacGillivray and others. These

natives may, at some time or other, have climbed up to a hollow from which they saw a female fly,

121

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THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

and where she had probably been scratching and feeding for some time ; but on arriving at the branch
they perhaps discovered some white eggs, and of course would naturally designate them as those of the
Rifle Bird, having seen such hen leave the hollow. The eggs may, in all probability, have belonged to
the Little Nightjar (2gotheles), or some other species, which deposits white eggs in the hollow limbs of
trees. I noticed the Rifle Bird very often scratching in amongst the dead leaves which had accumu-
lated in the space behind the large leaves of the beautiful Stag-horn Ferns (Platycerium grande), and in
the centres of the Birds-nest Ferns (Asflenium nidus) growing on the sides of the trees, wherein they
find many beetles, consisting chiefly of Cavabide. It was quite a common occurrence to see them
hopping up the sides of the trees, after the fashion or the Tree Creepers (Climacteris), and with their

NEST AND EGG OF THE N.S.W. RIFLE BIRD OF PARADISE,

{Showing the quantity of cast off snake skins which has been utilized, apparently as a means of protection
from marauders. This was the third nest which we discovered.

(Half of the natural size.)
Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River district, N.S.W.

long curved bills, which are so perfectly adapted for the purpose, picking up various xylophagous
insects from beneath the projecting scale-like sections of bark on the Red Cedar trees (Cedrela australis).
On a thick horizontal limb of one of these trees, near our camp, we frequently watched one of the
birds ( @) doing a sort of fantastic dance ; he would open his wings to their fullest extent, then suddenly
bring them over in front till the both ends touched the limb, and with his head well thrown back
would walk majestically up and down the limb a distance of about three feet, bobbing up and

122

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Ni

0. Book.

55S 5S

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

down, and causing the wings to make an extraordinary noise resembling the rustling of a piece of new
silk ; then he would suddenly turn round and round, and every few seconds make quite an unusual
sound, resembling the faint croaking of a frog. The ordinary note of this bird is a very loud rasping-
like screech, and resembles a prolonged guttural “ y-a-s-s,” which is repeated twice, followed by a
lengthened interval of sometimes fully half an hour or more. Adverting to the nest again, from
which the set under notice was taken (data No. 557), I would like to explain that its construction was
entirely the work of the hen bird, and we never yet saw a male near a nest during building operations,
or even afterwards when the female was sitting. She is not fed by the male while on the nest, as far as
I could see, but has to go and feed herself, and perhaps this is another reason why so many snake skins
are placed on and around these structures, for it seems quite feasible when we take into consideration
the fact that they have to leave them for such a long time during their hunt for food. This makes it
appear more evident that the skins are really utilized as a means of protection, as already stated, and
not for decorative purposes. I have known the hen to leave the eggs at 10.30 in the morning, and not
return till nearly noon ; this I witnessed in company with W. McEnerny before we took the other set
of 2 eggs on the 2oth of November ; and when she returned after our long wait he climbed up the pole
to the nest, and she actually allowed him to put his hand right upon her before she flew off again. The
hen leaves the nest between ten and eleven in the morning, and goes to feed, and then again between
four and five o’clock in the afternoon. The reason I used a long pole, secured with ropes, in the scrubs
when robbing the nests of this Bird of Paradise, was simply because the trees in which the nests were
placed were always enveloped from the bottom to the top in such a mass of tangled growth of the sharp
and treacherous Barrister (Mezonewron Scortechinii) and Lawyer vines (Calamus australis), that they were
rendered quite impossible to negotiate in the ordinary way. Two nests found were built on top of old
ones of the same kind, and another was placed eighteen inches away from the new nest ; this proves
that they certainly build year after year in the same tree. The nest under notice, which contained the
set of eggs taken on the 2nd of November, 1899, was composed of leaves and great quantities of the
green climbing fern (olypodium serpens) already mentioned, being neatly lined with thin glossy fern
stems, also fine vine tendrils, and festooned with cast off snake skins. It measures 10} inches across (when
green) ; egg cavity 3] inches across, and 1 inches deep; depth of nest, overall, 5 inches. We also
saw these birds in the rich Don Dorrigo scrubs of N.S.W., in October of 1898, but did not succeed
in finding any trace of their nests there.

VICTORIA RIFLE BIRD OF PARADISE,
Ptilorhis victoria, Gould.
(This bird was named after our late Queen Victoria).

This is a very handsomely marked set of 2 eggs, which were taken by R. Hislop in the scrubs
of the Bloomfield River district, North Queensland, on the 14th of September, 1898. They
are very like those of the latter species, only these are smaller. They have the same beautiful flesh
ground colour, and are marked with the longitudinal streaks of reddish and purplish-brown, being superb
specimens. Like the latter species this bird also uses large quantities of cast off snake skins (epidermis)
in the protective decoration of its nests. (See A. J. Campbell’s book, at foot of page 75). This hand-
some species frequents the dense scrubs on the coast of North Queensland, the Bloomfield River
district being about its northern, and the Herbert River scrubs its southern limits. It seems to build
very often in the Fan Palm (Pandanus pedunculatus), right at the trunk of the tree where the fronds
join, and is sometimes well hidden amongst the fibre, the nest being placed much lower down, than that
of the large Richmond River species of North-eastern New South Wales. I received this rare clutch
through the courtesy of A. J. Campbell, of Melbourne. I look forward with very great pleasure to
some day visiting the haunts of this handsome bird in the Bloomfield River district, also the Barnard
Islands of tropical Queensland, as well as the far northern representative, PA/orhis alberti, which is to be
found inhabiting the rich scrubs near Cape York, at the extreme northern part of that State. Specimen
A. of the set measures = 1'22 x 0°87. Specimen B. measures = 1°24 x 0°88.

123

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No.

559

560

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Campbell's No. of

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56

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

ALBERT RIFLE BIRD OF PARADISE,
Ptilorhis alberti, Elliot.
(This bird was named after the late Prince Albert-Consort).

This handsome clutch of 2 eggs was taken in the rich tropical scrubs at Cape York, North Queens-
land, by H. Barnard, on the 26th of November, 1896. They are of a creamy-buff ground colour, and
not a flesh tint, as is the case with those of the two previous species. They are beautifully streaked,
longitudinally, with brownish-olive and rufous-brown and pale slate; the markings being so long, and
gradually tapering to a point towards the smaller end of the egg, as to naturally make the uninitiated
conclude that an artist had been trying his small brushes on them. ‘The markings on all the eggs of
the Birds of Paradise, consist of these same strange streaks, which look decidedly artificial. The eggs
of this bird are much more rounded, and less pointed, ET ey ees
than those of the two preceding species, and like Ptilorhis Pes Tae pe
victori@, this one also builds its nests down very low, so they
may frequently be reached with the hand from the ground,
H. Barnard found no less than fourteen of these nests in
the scrubs at Cape York during season 1896-7, and this
goes to show that the birds must be very plentiful there.
Several of the nests found were only placed ata height
of from six to ten feet. I have seen the nest of the New
South Wales species (Ptilorhis paradisea) built nearly fifty
feet from the ground. Specimen A. has thicker and

longer streaks on it than specimen B. (as will be seen by EGGS OF THE ALBERT RIFLE BIRD OF
PARADISE.

(Nearly natural size.)
(Clutch data No. 559.)

the accompanying illustration of these two eggs), and
measures in inches = 1°29 x o'94. Specimen B.
measures in inches = 1°28 x 0°96.

Drawer O.

BOOBOOK OWL,
Ninox boobook, Latham.
(With notes on the Chestnut-faced and Powerful Owls).

Set of 2 eggs, which was taken by T. A. Brittlebank from the hollow spout of a dead tree near
Myrniong, Victoria, on the 9th of October, 1896. Owls eggs are exceedingly difficult to procure, owing
to the fact that the birds only leave the nest at night, it being always placed in a hollow portion of
a tree. Out of the fourteen species known in Australia, the eggs of only six or seven of them have
been so far described. Of the set under notice Specimen A. measures = 1.73 x 1°50. Specimen B.
measures = 1°77 x I'50. This is the bird that cries ‘“‘more-pork” at night, and of that broad flat-
billed bird, the Frog-mouth (/odargus), as is generally supposed by so many people. Boobook is
probably another appellation for its ‘‘ more-pork” note, and hence the name. We have frequently
hunted this Owl from hollows of trees in the Clarence River district during our peregrinations, but
never once did we find its eggs. On the 11th of November, 1906, I founda nest of the Chestnut-
faced Masked Owl (Strix nove hollandie@ castanops), Gould, in the bush near Lindfield, only eight
miles from Sydney. It was placed three feet down the hollow trunk of a Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus

124

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

561

562

No. in

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

maculata), at a height of 20 feet, and contained two young birds. It seems very remarkable that the
nest of this Owl can be found so near Sydney, and yet its eggs are undescribed. Strange to say a
Crow’s nest, containing young birds, was situated in a Spotted Eucalypt only 20 yards from the Owl's
nest, and was placed at an altitude of nearly go feet. We frequently came across the Powerful Owl
(Ninox strenua), Gould, in the scrubs of the Clarence and Richmond River districts of N.S.W. ; and
during October of 1893 I found a large portion of white egg shell on the ground beneath some large
dead trees that stood in Alipou scrub at South Grafton, at a part where these birds were always
to be found roosting. I have no doubt that the shell belongs to this species, and judging from
the shape and size of it, a perfect egg would be about two inches long. I have frequently seen
these powerful birds with opossums and kangaroo rats in their talons, as they were feeding in a thickly
foliaged tree, which they would handle and crush as if only mice. Passing by, looking up at
them as they are feeding or roosting, they assume quite a supercilious expression as they peer down
upon you with those large bright yellow eyes, which follow every step you take. The note or loud
screech of this Owl is most extraordinary, and on a still night can be heard a long way off; it is such a
sudden scream, that it naturally alarms those within hearing. While camped at Booyong scrubs, near
Lismore, N.S.W., in 1899 and rgo4, I often heard it, but rarely before midnight. The information I
obtained from the people living in the latter scrubs was really very amusing; some told me quite
seriously that it was the cry of the “ Porcupine,” while with others it was the “ Bunyip.” The aborigines
of the Clarence and Richmond River districts explained to me, with much gesture, that it was the cry
of the “big one debil debil.” These blacks are very superstitious, and prefer camping in the open bush
or forest, having a decided dislike to go in or near the scrubs.

LESSER MASKED OWL,
Strix delicatula, Gould.
Set of 3 rare eggs, which were taken from the hollow spout of a Eucalypt on the banks of the
Nicholson River, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on the 4th of October,
1897. Specimen A. measures = 1°64 x 1°39, and isa little larger than the other two.

TAWNY FROGMOUTH,
Podargus strigoides, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Car-bud."’)

Splendid set of 3 eggs, taken near South Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the
21st of October, 1894. The nest was placed on the horizontal branch of a dead Bloodwood Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus corymbosa), at an altitude of 30 feet, and as usual the surroundings accurately harmonized
with the color of the bird. This peculiar frog-mouthed bird builds a scanty, flat, and exposed nest of
thin sticks, which is placed on the forked limb of a tree. It generally selects a dead one, the same
color as the bird, which is grey. When sitting on the nest it is most difficult to see, and during the day
remains perfectly motionless with its eyes closed, if danger is near, and, stretching out its beak, makes
its body appear perfectly straight, exactly like a broken dead stick lying across the nest. Like most
of the nocturnal birds, its eggs are pure white, and the young ones, which I have frequently found,
resemble, on leaving the eggs, balls of beautiful white down. The notes of this bird, which is so often
erroneously called the “‘ More Pork,” are of a smothered or ventriloquous sound, and are rapidly kept
up for twelve or fifteen seconds, resembling—‘“ uh-uh-uh-uh-uh-uh,” and are not unlike the plaintive
notes uttered by the Painted Quail (Turnix varia), only they are much more rapid. The fully fledged
young birds I have often seen asleep in the trees, and as their plumage is of a rich tawny colour,
not grey as is the case with the adult specimens, they resort to darker limbs. During December
of last year (1906) I found four young birds, sitting one behind the other, ina Red Ironbark Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus siderophloia), and their protective coloration so nearly resembled the dark bark upon the
branch of that tree, as to render them scarcely distinguishable from it. The eggs in this clutch are very
elongated, and Specimen A. measures = 2°01 x 1°23.

125

Data
No.

563

566

567

568

No. in
J

Campbell's No, of
Book.

430

43°

433

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

PLUMED FROGMOUTH,
Podargus papuensis, Q. and G.

Set of one egg, which was taken by R. Hislop,
in the Bloomfield River district, North Queens-
land, on the 11th of October, 1895. One egg
forms the full sitting for this species. It measures
= 1:86 X 1°23:

Data same as latter egg. Taken on the 16th

of November, 1895. This specimen measures

= 1°76 Xx 1°24.

FRECKLED FROGMOUTH,
Podargus phalenotdes, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, which was taken near Burke-
town, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-west Queens-
land, by E. Drew, on the 30th of November,
1897. Specimen A. measures = 1°76 x 1°23.

TASMANIAN FROGMOUTH,
Podargus cuvieri, V. and H.
(See specimen 41, Gould's Handbook to the Birds of
Australia. A. J. Campbell includes this with 431.)

Set of 2 eggs, which was taken near Circular
Head, Tasmania, by H. Ross, on the 17th of
October, 1898. Specimen A. measures = 1°86
SE Te2A.

MARBLED FROGMOUTH,
Podargus marmoratus, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, which was taken at Walwa,
on the Kennedy River, Cape York Peninsula,
North Queensland, by W. Burton, on the 2nd of
October, 1900. Specimen A. measures = 1°54
ee eh

LITTLE NIGHTJAR,
Egotheles nove-hollandia, Latham.

Set of 3 eggs, which was taken from a hollow
spout in a giant Red Eucalypt (Lucalyptus
rostrata), situated near Alipou scrub, South
Grafton, N.S.W., on the z2oth of September,
1897, by Sid. W. Jackson and an aboriginal
named Nymboi Jack. We frequently saw this
pretty little frog-mouth bird pop its head out of
the hollow, or hole, in a tree while my brother
was busy chopping steps and climbing. The
accompanying photograph shows the position of
the hollow, from which the eggs were taken, by
the white cross, and Nymboi Jack coming down
the tree. Specimen A. measures = 1°12 x
o'87. The first nest of this species which came
under my notice, was found by me ina _ hollow

126

Aboriginal, Nymboi Jack, coming down from the nest
of the Little Nightjar. The cross denotes the limb from
which the eggs were taken.

Loc., South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.
(See data No. 568.)

No. in
A. J.
mpbell’s No. of
Book.

Data Cai
No.

569

579

571

572

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

tree at the foot of a mountain, during the visit of our party to the Monkey Water Holes, below Picnic
Point, near Toowoomba, Q., in October of 1883, and I have very good reason never to forget it, as we
had quite an exciting experience during that trip. One night, after a long day’s rambling in the scrubs
and mountains, we retired in real camp-life fashion, all rolled up in blankets and huddled before a big
fire, which had been made on the flat rock in the bed of the creek, which was apparently quite dry. All
went well until midnight, when a terrific explosion was heard, which sent red hot ashes, stones and large
pieces of wood in all directions, but fortunately no person was injured beyond receiving a few slight
burns from scattered embers. We were all ata loss to know what had happened, though the whole
thing looked as if there had been a serious mishap ; however, on examining the place where the fire
had been made, we found that the top of the rock was actually blown away, leaving a hollow receptacle
beneath containing boiling water; so that, before making our fire, it must have contained quite a
quantity of agua pura to generate sufficient steam to shatter the hard rock in this way, for it was
over six inches thick. This flat rock, which formed the bed of the creek, was evidently full of these
hermetically sealed cavities containing water, the latter gaining access by gradual and constant perco-
lation. The creek also contained numerous large round cup and water-bottle shaped holes, many of which
no doubt were originally hidden inside the rock. I always remember my first nest of the Little Nightjar
from this incident, though needless to say it was no little “night jar” to us.

Pair of eggs, which were taken by Geo. Savidge, near Copmanhurst, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the
16th of September, 1895. When the eggs of this species are rolled together, they give off a harsh
sound, as if made of unglazed china, such as we often find outside the bottom of a teacup. Specimen
A., which is rather pointed, measures = 1°12 x 0°84.

SPOTTED NIGHTJAR,
Eurostopus guttatus, V. and H.

Set of one egg, taken on the 18th of September, 1898, from a stony and thickly timbered ridge
near Lavadia, South Grafton, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson. The egg was simply laid on the bare
ground, and I flushed the bird off it as I walked along. This is the second egg I have taken near
South Grafton of this species. It measures = 1°27 x 0°92.

WHITE-THROATED NIGHTJAR,
Lurostopus albigularis, V. and H.

Set of 1 egg, which is a beautiful specimen, and was taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson on a
ridge behind Morris’s orchard, near South Grafton, Clarence River district, on the 25th of December,
1897. This ridge is very gravelly, and covered with several species of Eucalyptus trees, while strewn
about are numerous stones of a very curious iron-band formation. The birds breed in this locality
every season, and we have found several of their nests, each containing a single egg. Like that
of the preceding species, the egg is simply laid on the bare earth or gravel, and the ground colouring is
of a rich cream, not of a greenish tinge as is the case with Zurostopus guttatus, being sparsely marked
all over with spots of dark purple. Nymboi Jack, the aboriginal who collected for me at different times
in the Clarence River district, found three eggs in the bush near Nymboida. I have often hunted
these birds off the ground in the bush at Roseville and Chatswood, near Sydney. The egg under
notice measures = 162 x I'I5.

LARGH-TAILED NIGHTVJAR,
Caprimulgus macrurus, Horsfeld.

Splendid set of 2 eggs, which was taken at North Queensland, by one of A. J. Campbell’s corres-
pondents there, on the 1st of August, 1898. 1 saw these birds in the scrubs of the Richmond River
district during 1899, but found no eggs. Specimen A. measures = 1°14 x 0°82. Specimen B. =
I'r4 x 0°85.

127

No. ip
A.J

Data Ca
No.

573

mpbell’s No. of

Book.
416

Eggs.
I

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

LYRE BIRD OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
Menura superba, Davies.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Tar-win."’)

The usual clutch of one egg, which in this case is of the dark purplish-grey variety, and rather
finely spotted all over. It was taken by Sid. W. Jackson on the 2nd of September, 1905, in the jungle-
like scrub in a beautiful fern-clad gully, where the timbers of the scrub and forest met and intermixed,
at the head of Middle Harbour, near Lindfield, Sydney. The nest was built upon a ledge of rock, and
placed up against another, which was covered with moss and lichen. Immediately behind it
stood a tall Spotted Eucalypt (Zucalyptus maculata), also a Grass Tree (Xanthorrhaa arborea), and
this was where the scrub fringed the edge of the forest. From this spot the bird must have obtained a
splendid view as she sat in the nest, for it was placed
in such a commanding and elevated position. The
wild and rugged gullies on the north side, at the head
of Middle Harbour, afford very natural and safe retreats
for these beautiful birds; the reason being simply
because they are seldom frequented by persons other
than those interested in natural history, etc.; also owing
to the fact that in these almost inaccessible places
quantities of rich dense vegetation abound, in
which the birds live and procure their food. The
photograph, which illustrates the nest under notice,
and from which the egg was taken, will be found a few
pages further on, and it faithfully depicts the nest with
all the natural surroundings. I experienced some
difficulty in taking this photograph, owing to the fact
that the nest was above me, when I stood in front of
it; and to get my camera fixed to the required height
and horizontally in line with the nest, I was obliged to
build up cairns of stone to rest the legs of the tripod
on; ultimately, however, an exposure of six seconds
was made, and secured me a satisfactory picture for --
my labors. A good idea as regards the size of the
nest can be obtained, for the Eucalyptus tree which is tt as 3 cern superba.)
standing immediately at the rear of the structure, is (See data No. 573.)
instrumental as a scale, measuring exactly one foot
in diameter. Accompanying this description will be found a natural sized photograph of the egg,
which measures in inches = 2°54 x 1°80. In the data of the following egg (No. 574) of the Lyre
Bird, I am giving full particulars respecting its habits, etc.

One egg, which forms a clutch, and is of the light stone-grey variety. It was taken by myself in
the Ourimbah scrubs, near Gosford, N.S.W., on the 29th of August, 1904, and measures in inches =
2°38 x 1°77. The nest was, as usual, a very large dome-shaped and unpretentious looking structure,
composed of sticks, bark, dead ferns, dead leaves, and flakes of moss, which the birds had scraped and
gathered from the rocks in the damp gully, and was picturesquely situated amongst ferns on the ground,
at the foot of a giant Turpentine Tree (Syncarpia daurifolia). J have found several nests in the latter
scrubs, which afford a natural and beautiful retreat for these interesting birds. It is ideal Lyre Bird
country, and I have traversed it on foot for many miles; every gully has its rippling water course ;
towering Eucalypts rise from a tangle of vines, fern trees, and sub-tropical undergrowth, so thick that
the sunlight barely filters through, and here the retiring bird disports himself in peace and comparative
security. The casual observer, if asked to name one out of the many feathered inhabitants of the
Australian bush as especially deserving of distinction, might find some difficulty in arriving at a decision,

128

as THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

for from the tiny Blue Wren to the gorgeous Rifle Bird of Paradise, the range of bird life is so wide
and varied, as to render such a choice extremely difficult. If, however, there is such a thing as an
aristocracy among the birds, for distinction, that is not merely based on fine feathers or sweet
notes, the palm should certainly be accorded to the Lyre Bird, as his handsome yet not garish plumage,
his retiring habits, exacting selection of the loveliest localities wherein to live and breed, and unique
accomplishments of mimicry and vocalisation, render him a type apart from all others, a very patrician
amongst his feathered kindred. Though the Lyre Bird is not a common sight in the scrubs, his rarity
is only apparent as the result of the shy seclusion in which he so jealously keeps himself, for in reality
these beautiful natives of thick forest, or jungle and tangled gully, are by no means scarce, Of the
three species, this one under notice ranges through the eastern, central, and coastal districts of New
South Wales, from Monaro northwards to New England and the Clarence River, and as far west as the
Jenolan Caves. In my early ornithological days, I once found a Lyre Bird’s nest on the face of a low
cliff in the mountains, and did not then know to what the find really amounted; not having time to
return, the problem remained unsolved, until, with later discoveries, it was finally cleared up. One
condition equally applies to all the nests of the Lyre Bird, and that is the difficulty attending their
discovery. If a ledge of rock is chosen, there is generally no path to it, or one that lures the hunter to
risk his neck to very little purpose ; should, however, the nest be built on the ground, it will generally
be in such a tangle of undergrowth that its discovery is little more than pure chance. Experience
teaches me that the one prominent characteristic of this handsome bird is shyness; he loves not the
open forest, and is unknown on the plain. But where the scrub is dense, where palms and tree ferns
join their arching fronds in cloistered aisles of greenery, and where the mountain stream ripples through
the boulders of deeply buried creeks, there, above all places, you will find the Lyre Bird, or, at any rate,
the evident traces of his tenancy. But if you want more than a glimpse of him, you must watch
patiently in his haunts, and move with the velvet footfall of the cat, for the snapping of a stick when
perhaps close upon your quarry, will result in suddenly hearing his whistling call a hundred yards away,
and the whole “ shikarri” has to be done over again. Though a very poor flier, the bird is the swiftest
feathered runner of the bush, and will cover the distance through the thickest scrubs in seconds, as
against the minutes of his clumsy pursuer, without lifting a wing. The breeding haunts and
habits of all birds generally indicate their main characteristics, and this is particularly the case with the
Lyre Bird, in fact, his cleverness in eluding discovery, or baffling pursuit, and wonderful powers of
mimicry, will never be appreciated by the observer till he has followed him through miles of tangled
undergrowth, stumbled over boulders and logs, screwed round ugly corners on bluff or cliff, and splashed
through foliage-shrouded creeks in search of him, while all the time that deceptive cry is ahead, or
seemingly so, for, like most mimics, the bird is by instinct a ventriloquist.

Everything tends to difficulty in making and recording reliable observations of the breeding habits
of this interesting bird; the period of incubation is unusually long, extending up to five or six weeks,
during which time the hen does not rely on her mate for food, but like the Rifle Bird of Paradise
(Ptilorhis pavadisea), she leaves the nest in search of it, and the feeding ground is often at a consider-
able distance away from the nest, near which, strangely enough, the male bird is never seen after the
egg has been laid. This last curious fact was borne out by my own observations, and probably by
many other naturalists. Then, again, the young bird does not leave the nest for eight or ten weeks
after hatching, which is altogether an abnormal time compared with that similarly employed by other
poor or non-flying birds ; the habit of the entire family, therefore, is not merely shyness but absolutely
secretiveness, for they are endowed with the gift of noiseless movement, slipping through or over the
ruffle of sticks and leaves without a crack or rustle, while the hunter or observer has to be very quick
to get even a glimpse of the bird. They often make some extraordinary jumps, and Prince Albert’s
Lyre Bird (data No. 576) frequently jumps eight or ten feet from the ground into a convenient branch
of a tree, and, like the other two species, it continues to ascend in successive leaps, until it has attained
a sufficient elevation to enable it to fly, or gently float, down into the gully below.

129

AL COLLECTI¢

ILOGIC

INIAN OC

KS¢

JAC

THE

(‘E29 “ON vavp 22g)
‘Aaupdg ‘anoqaepy a[ppryy ‘playpury avou “077

“Ja aWeIp UI JOO] aUO {}joexa Sai1nseaul it 410} ‘ale Ss BSE [By UewNaysuUl st ‘ainjoniis ay) putyeq Aja eIpawut Auipurys SI q ETT ‘991) snjd4ye ies | ay iF;
‘(vgaagns vanuayy) ANIA ANAT AHL AO LSAN

130

A, J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

No. in

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

The ordinary cry of the Lyre Bird (AZ. superba) is a whistling ‘‘che-ock che-ock,” though to set
down on paper anything that correctly represents it is practically impossible. Those who know will
recognise the description ; but this cry is frequently followed by a burst of mimicry, in which the notes
of all surrounding birds follow with bewildering rapidity and exactness. I often sat and patiently
listened to it giving one of its concerts, and was greatly surprised with the accurate reproductions,
especially with those of the Harmonious Thrush and Coach-whip Bird, the clear ringing notes of which
were simply perfection. Here again the knowing bushman will at once understand that there is not,
as might appear, a full rehearsal by forest songsters specially arranged for his benefit, but that the sound
proceeds from a feathered humourist, who, either from sheer love of varied notes, or to deceive his
natural enemy, is giving proof of his wonderful powers. I found that this mimicry is not alone confined
to the calls of birds, but any other local sound or noise will serve as something to imitate. The distant
thud of a woodman’s axe, the rattle of hobble chains, the clink of the saddle-carried pannikin, the
howling of the dingo, and even the painful screeching of the sharpening or filing of a bushman’s cross-
cut saw, are included in his repertoire. Ifa settler’s homestead is near, the Lyre Bird will also mock
to perfection the crying of a child, the crowing of the cocks, the cackling of the hens, the barking of
the dogs, and various other domestic sounds ; anything, in fact, of the nature of a bush sound, will be
picked up and repeated with wonderful exactness. At Port Hacking, south of Sydney, I have heard
it very accurately imitate the peculiar squeaking sound produced by the rowlock of a rowing boat,
which the bird frequently has the opportunity of hearing, as boats pass up and down the many
small branches of that sheet of water. When camped at the Don Dorrigo scrubs, in October 1898,
and at Booyong, in the Richmond River scrubs in 1899, we frequently heard these birds. Every
morning, with the first peep of the dawn, the reveille was sounded by one of them in the dense scrub
near the camp, which was thick with undergrowth and vines, whilst underfoot the fallen leaves made a
soft carpet, over which it should have been easy to stalk our game noiselessly. And yet at times we
scarcely got sight of even a tail feather, but always that delusive call, now ahead, now to the right, and
now apparently behind again, until one could only conclude that the bird was thoroughly enjoying a
game of hide and seek. His traces were always plentiful ; the leaves and sticks being raked over for food
till the ground looked like a barnyard at feeding time ; doubtless, many a luckless snail had been hooked
out of his moist hiding place to furnish a tit-bit for the handsome pair that wandered and wooed in the
lovely spot. As is the case with the handsome Dragoon Bird (//¢/a) of our northern scrubs, the snail-
stone is, by the way, another Lyre Bird trace ; in the midst of his vocal efforts the bird will pause to
““wet his whistle,” and the listener may then often hear asharp tapping or chipping ; this is the Menura
smashing a snail shell on the domestic altar, and a little search will frequently reveal the snail-stone,
with the shell debris of past feasts scattered around it. The bird is a ground feeder ; worms, grubs,
centipedes, beetles, and larvae furnishing his daily menu; hence, during the year of 1903, towards
the end of a protracted drought, his tribe was found in larger numbers than usual in the few gullies
retaining moisture in the impervious shade; the demands of hunger will, in fact, overcome his non-

gregarious habit.

Mimicry and vyentriloquism are not, however, his sole accomplishments ; he is a bird of parts, and
has his particular play-ground, where he will tread a solitary minuet with the daintiest of airs and paces.
This is a thing seldom witnessed, for the A/enura will only disport himself thus when absolutely undis-
turbed. Still, his playground, like that of the Bower Bird, is by no means uncommon, though, as
indicated, the observer will seldom be lucky enough to sneak on the bird without that fatal sound
which will at once bring the solitary performance toa close ; and it is nearly always solitary, though
sometimes the mate shares in its fantastic coquetry. A single stick, ora little pile of twigs, ora few
bright leaves set in the middle of a clear hollowed-out patch, provides a sort of dummy w#s-a-vis, and
here he will prance, bow, and set to corners with a graceful abandon, betraying intense and self-
complacent enjoyment, all the time keeping up his wonderful mimicry. This queer habit of the
solitary dance must have a cause, though as yet no explanation of it has been adduced. It was only

131

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

5744

No. in

Book.

416

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

once that I had a really good chance of witnessing it, and that was in the Don Dorrigo scrubs of
N.S.W., in October of 1898, and I enjoyed the privilege to the full, till an incautious movement made
the Lyre Bird turn his bright black eyes in the direction of my hiding place, and the whole show was
spoilt in an instant, the performer vanishing like magic. Possibly it is a rite practised chiefly at
breeding time ; at any rate, it is a matter for observation and conjecture.

The Menura, I find, is of a wandering disposition, and traverses the scrubs and mountain sides
from one end to the other, frequently covering several miles ina day ; but always returns to its familiar
locality to roost. In the rocky and thickly timbered gullies of Port Hacking and Middle Harbour,
near Sydney, I have often seen them, and also found their nests. One can scarcely imagine it possible
for these shy birds to frequent localities so near such a large and busy city as Sydney, with its popula-
tion of over half a million. No doubt the birds are hemmed in and so surrounded by settlement in
the latter locality, that they cannot move on, and so there they can remain in safety in their natural
haunts, for many years yet tocome. Their breeding season is, in point of distinction, in keeping with
other facts connected with their unique habits. Unlike the rest of the birds, they mate and nest in the
winter, though in the colder regions of Mount Kosciusko, southern New South Wales, where heavy
snow may be expected at midwinter, they will not build till somewhat later; it amounts to the same
thing, because all the other birds are also proportionately later in assuming the care of a family. As
the Menura is a non migrant, it is difficult to assign a reason for the choice of the cold season for his
courtship and housekeeping, save, perhaps, that as his food is procured chiefly from the ground, his
instinct leads him to arrange that the greatest call for it shall come when the soil and its carpet of dead
leaves are not only moist with winter rains, but teeming with worms, pupa, and larve. The building
of the nest is generally commenced about the middle of May, and the laying of the single egg takes
place in June, July, or August ; consequently, with the long period of incubation, and the still longer
one during which the young bird remains in the nest, the actual appearance of the latter may not be
looked for until the end of September or October, and, at that time, he will be quite capable of supplying
all his own wants. The young soon die if kept in captivity.

Large as the nest is, the bestowal of a brood parent of the size and shape of the female Menura
is a matter calling for no little management; the successful watcher will, therefore, note that when
returning from her feeding the hen enters the nest head first, and then turns to face the aperture, the
long tail being either disposed of sideways or curled along the back. The eggs of this bird vary con-
siderably in size, shape and colour ; some I found were of a very light stone, others purplish, reddish-
brown, and the most remarkable was of a uniform dark metallic blackish-brown, approaching to nearly
black ; and was the darkest egg I have ever seen. ‘The specimen accompanying this description is of
the light stone-grey variety, while the former egg (data No. 573) is of the dark purplish-grey
variety, and somewhat resembles a large ripe passion fruit. The ruthless and senseless destruction of
the Lyre Bird, for the sake of the tail feathers, has to a certain extent diminished its numbers; it is
a piece of vandalism only too common, and all lovers of bird and beast should do their best to prevent
it. Near Stroud, in the Gloucester district, north of Newcastle, N.S.W., a few years ago, a party of
hunters killed over goo birds for the sake of securing their tails, which they afterwards put on the
market in Sydney and elsewhere. The Birds’ Protection Act is absolutely useless when such a thing
as this is so openly carried on. The action of the trustees of the National Park of New South Wales, in
preserving the native birds in that beautiful tract of virgin country, cannot be too highly praised, and
should receive every support from the general public; it is there the various birds needed to brighten
the suburban districts will have a chance to breed, and amongst them is the Lyre Bird (Menura
superba), which will add a piquant interest to the beauties of the forest, gully, and stream.

Clutch of one egg, which is of the dark variety, and was taken by T. Curtis, C. Reid, and myself
in the scrubs situated between the mountains near Waterfall, some thirty miles south from Sydney, on
the 15th of August, 1904. Being anxious to make a special study of this species, we three congenial
souls were drawn into the latter locality, where we prosecuted the one common hobby, and delighted

132

No. in

Book.

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

in perusing that open book, which the Australian bush is to an intelligent reader. We saw the birds
often, but only for a few seconds, and desired a closer and more satisfying acquaintance, that would
leave no points in doubt as to their jealously secluded haunts and breeding grounds. We got what we
wanted, at the cost of patient search, still more patient stalking, and many disappointments, which,
however, only rendered final success more satisfying, The nest found during the trip in question, was
located in an old burnt-out stump in a steep and rugged part of the gully. It was in point of size and
construction exactly typical, measuring 32 inches long by 20 deep, being, as is always the case, domed,
with an entrance at one end, and constructed of Eucalyptus leaves, sticks, moss, ferns, etc., and
lined with fine roots, soft bark, and feathers plucked from the breast of the bird itself. These nests, in
all instances, afford illustration of instinctive provision against detection, their structure being untidy
and the egg so dark-coloured that both are
unlikely to attract attention; thus the
passer-by or the predatory snake has less
chance of seeing and despoiling the nest.
Great was our jubilation at the find, and
my exultant shout brought the rest of the
party tumbling over the rocks, and blunder-
ing through the “ wait-a-bit ” vines to view
the prize. One handsome egg, resembling
very much a large, ripe passion fruit, lay
in the nest, but so dense was the shade,
and so dark the colour of the egg itself,
that it was not visible except on very close
inspection ; as for the nest, it looked like
anything but what it was. Encouraged by
success, we started to locate another if
possible, and were fortunate enough to find
one built in different but representative
surroundings. The bird generally nests
on the ground, at the end of an old log, or
ina clump of tree ferns, etc., or on the
shelving ledge of some nearly inaccessible
bluff of rock. It was in the last named
locality that we found the second nest
(see photograph) and realised that without
ropes it would be impossible to reach it, in

fact, under any circumstances it would be
a break-neck sort of venture ; I, who had
toiled all the day, and grumbled much NEST OF THE LYRE BIRD (Menura superba),
under the burden of a heavy camera, now Built upon a ledge of rock on the face of a cliff.
felt with the second discovery a fuller (One tenth of the natural size).

at : : Loc., Waterfall, near Sydney.
justification for my existence, but I soon Res Beene eircee eee

’ E 5 3 (See data No. 574A.)
realised that it was more than difficult in

such precipitous country to get a place from which the nest could be photographed. There was nothing
for it but a tree, and with many misgivings I was hoisted, shoved, and propped into an eminence in the
slippery fork of a Eucalyptus, whence, under a running fire of gratuitous advice from the rest of the
party, I finally made an exposure of three seconds, and secured the picture here reproduced. I have
frequently noticed that these birds rebuild their old nests year after year, if they have not been tampered
with, or previously robbed. The egg under notice measures in inches = 2°44 x 1°70. Some of these

133

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

575

576

No, in

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

eggs, taken in the thick scrubs in the mountains at the head of the Hunter River, near Belltrees, north-
east of Scone, N.S.W., are very light in the ground colouring, and two lately examined by me from that
locality resembled very /éght and washed-out specimens of those of the Crested Sea Tern (Sterna dergit).

QUEEN VICTORIA'S LYRE BIRD,
Menura victoria, Gould.

One egg, a clutch, which is a very long and pointed oval, and different to the three eggs already
mentioned of the previous species. The ground colour is of a light purplish-grey, blotched with dark-
brown and purplish-slate. The shell is minutely pitted all over. It measures = 2°51 x 1°62, and was
taken at Gippsland, Victoria, on the 2nd of July, 1889, being forwarded to me by James A. Kershaw.
The egg is very like some specimens of those of Menura superba, only it is more pointed at one end,
and the pittings on the shell are more pronounced. ‘The bird is found in Victoria, and has also
been frequently seen in the south-eastern portion of New South Wales, just across from the Victorian
border. Both this and the previous species are very similar, and the casual observer can scarcely
distinguish between them, as the general plumage of both is so much the same. In Victoria the brutal
tail hunter is also in evidence, and is still to be found pursuing his work of destruction, notwithstanding
the provisions of the Game Act, rapidly exterminating this beautiful Australian bird. It is time
to check the ruthless destruction of bird life in Australia by the enactment and enforcement of proper
laws. A crusade against bird destruction should be organized to traverse our continent, and progressive
educators should inaugurate courses of natural study
in our schools, which would include object lessons
in bird life. The surest way to promote this senti-
ment of bird /rotection is to induce our people to
study the birds, and then they will find their incal-
culable benefits to mankind. Apart from human
foes, I understand the introduced Red Fox is playing
havoc in Victoria, and the many bundles of blood-
stained feathers of the Lyre and other birds which
he leaves behind, bear testimony of what this
plunderer feeds upon.

PRINCE ALBERT’S LYRE BIRD,
Menura alberti, Gould.

One egg, a clutch. These eggs are becoming
exceedingly rare, as the splendid Richmond River
scrubs of New South Wales are so rapidly being
cut down and destroyed. They have been the
stronghold and natural habitat of these birds for
many years past, and before very long this inter- PRINCE ALBERT’S LYRE BIRD (Menura albertt),Gould,

esting species, which is already a vara avis, will be Showing the tail feathers, which are different to those
of the other two species.

(About one-eighth of the natural size),
Richmond River scrubs at Booyong, in 1899, but (See data No. 576.)

for ever lost to us. I found five nests while in the

only succeeded in getting an egg from one of them,

and that was very heavily incubated and difficult to blow ; the other four nests were very old ones, and,
of course, “ blanks.” The egg is a fine specimen, somewhat pointed at one end, while the ground
colour is of a rich purple-grey, and the extreme end of the larger apex possesses a dark cap of deep
purplish-brown, with a few darker markings ; over the remainder of the egg are evenly scattered smaller
markings of the same colour. In general appearance it is quite different to those of the other
two Lyre Birds. The nest, which was built on top of that of the previous season, was as usual roughly
constructed and dome-shaped, and was placed on the ground between the buttresses or spurs at the
foot of a giant Large-leaved Fig tree (Ficus macrophylla), a sample of which is shown in a photograph

134

Data C
No.

577

578

No. in

A. J.
ampbell’s No. of

Book, Eggs.
418 I
441 4

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

further on. The egg measures in inches = 2°42 x 1°64, and was taken at the Booyong scrubs, in the
Richmond River district of N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and myself, on the 6th of October, 1899. This
bird is distinct from the other two, though its habits and haunts are similar; the side feathers of the
tail are shorter, and the bar markings observable in the case of Victorie and superba are entirely absent,
whilst the two central feathers, narrow and prolonged, cross each other at the base, curve outwards at
the tip, and are webbed only on their external side. This bird, which frequents the scrubs between
the Richmond River of north-eastern New South Wales, and the south-eastern parts of Queensland,
has now become very rare. It was first located and described by the late John Gould, of London, in
February of 1850; and the late James F. Wilcox, of the Clarence River district, found the first recorded
nest and egg during August of 1852, in the Richmond River scrubs. The nest was placed on a rocky
ledge, about 100 feet above the stream of the latter river, and was so difficult of access as to render its
acquisition a task of no ordinary kind, the entrance being placed towards the rock. Whilst dealing
with the subject of early discovery, it is interesting to find that the J/Justrated London News, of March
the 19th, 1853, contains J. F. Wilcox’s account of its general habits, and the picture of the pair of
Prince Albert’s Lyre Birds on the opposite page, reproduced from the pages of that journal, serves to
indicate the progress of Australian ornithology, and the advances made in depicting the facts ascertained
by exact research. This latter nest and egg were transmitted to the British Museum by J. F. Wilcox
in September of 1852, and since then few persons have been privileged to obtain the bird, and fewer
still to discover its nest and egg. During my long stay in the Richmond River scrubs in 1899-1900, I
often saw the birds, and had splendid opportunities of listening to their truly wonderful powers of
mimicry, in which vocalisation I am inclined to think they surpass the other two species. It was
only after some years of repeated disappointments that Dudley Le Soiief, of Melbourne, acquired the
rare egg of this species, and in quite a round about way ; for, during his visit to London in 1898, he
was presented with an egg by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, which had been laid in his large private
gardens at Tring, London, where many birds from various parts of the world are kept in captivity.
Strange to say the egg in A. J. Campbell’s collection, which was found in Queensland, also came
from London, and was from the famous oological collection of the late Philip Crowley.

One egg, a clutch, which is of a very rich purplish-brown, covered with markings of the same, and a
darker colour scattered all over the surface. It is much more compressed, and is not so pointed at one
end as is the case with the latter specimen (data No. 576). It was found by Isaac J. Foster in the
scrubs near Bangalow, Richmond River, N.S.W., on the rgth of September, 1899. The egg measures
in inches = 2°34 x 1°72. See foot of A. J. Campbell’s book, page 523, where he quotes this egg.

BROWN KINGFISHER OR LAUGHING JACKASS.
Dacelo gigas, Boddaert.

Splendid set of 4 eggs, which are very round specimens, and were taken from a hollowed-out nest
of the white ant (Termites), on the side of the dead trunk of an Ironbark Eucalypt, in Foley’s paddock,
near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 24th of October, 1897. The nest was placed
about 4o feet from the ground, and in rather an awkward position to get at ; so I climbed a tall Swamp
Oak (Casuarina glauca), which stood about fifteen feet away, and on reaching across with a long scoop-
fitted rod, successfully removed the four eggs, one by one, from the hollow. Taken by W. McEnerny
and myself. This is the only set of four eggs of this species that I have ever taken, and found that
two to three usually formed the clutch. I noticed that in the Clarence River district these birds
never resorted to hollow branches and holes in trees for the purpose of breeding, unless there was an
absence of the nests of the tree white ant in the locality; nearly all the eggs I have taken were laid in
these ants’ tree mounds or nests. The eggs are snow white when first laid, but they soon become dirty
and nest stained. I have seen Jackasses killing snakes on several occasions, both in Queensland and
New South Wales ; they fly up with them, and let them fall from a considerable height. My first
experience in this direction was during 1887, when driving along the road at Nundah, between Sand-
gate and Brisbane ; I witnessed what appeared to me a very novel and interesting incident, viz., a pair

135

A.J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No.

579

580

581

582

583

584

No. in

Book.

442

446

448

444

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

of Jackasses flying up into the air with a snake, which was about five feet long, and when at an elevation
of fully 200 feet they let the reptile fall to the ground, killing it instantly, the birds following promptly
and picking it up again. Only recently I have seen the Jackasses about the bush at Roseville, near
Sydney, snake killing in the same manner. Specimen A. measures = 1°82 x 1°47.

LEACH KINGFISHER,
Dacelo leachit, V. and H.

Set of 3 eggs, which were taken near Maryborough, Queensland, by W. Burton, on the 28th of
September, 1897. The first eggs I saw of this species were taken from a nest which had been made in
a white ants’ mound, on the trunk of a dead tree near Bundaberg, Queensland, during 1881; in the
same tree there was also a Forest Kingfisher’s nest, which contained five young birds. Specimen A.
measures = 1°83 xX 1°37.

SACRED KINGFISHER,
Halcyon sanctus, V. and H.

Set of 5 eggs, which were taken from the hollow limb of a Red Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata), at
South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 5th of December, 1894, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. This
species we found resorting to hollow limbs when nesting, and not to the mounds of the tree white ant
(Termites). Specimen A. measures = 111 x 0°87.

WHITE-TAILED KINGFISHER,
Tanysiptera sylvia, Gould.

Set of 3 eggs, one being a little smaller than the others, that were taken from a nest, which was
simply an excavation tunnelled into a mound or hillock of the white ants (Zermites), and placed about
18 inches up from the ground. The set was taken in the scrubs at Cape York Peninsula, North
Queensland, during February of 1897, by H. Barnard. Specimen A. measures = tor x 0°87.

FOREST KINGFISHER,
Halcyon macleayi, J. and S.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Jerry-dun-gun,"’)

Set of 5 eggs, which were taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson near South Grafton, Clarence River,
N.S.W., on the 4th of November, 1893. The nest was situated 30 feet high, in an ants’ mound on the
side of a forest Apple tree (Angophova). They are very pearly white eggs. We always found this
species building in the nests of the white ant about Grafton, and not in hollow limbs. Specimen A.
measures = 0°99 x 0°86.

RED-BACKED KINGFISHER,
Halcyon pyrrhopygius, Gould.

Beautiful set of 5 eggs, which were taken from a nest at the end of a tunnel, which had been
formed in the bank of a creek. It was 3 feet 8 inches long, the eggs being placed in a neat chamber
at the extremity. Taken by Sid. W. Jackson at South Grafton, N.S.W., on the rith of September,
1898. This bird was very uncommon in the Clarence River district, and this is the first set of its
eggs that I have ever had the pleasure of finding. Specimen A. measures = 0°95 x 0°86.

BLUE KINGFISHER,
Alcyone azurea, Latham.

Beautiful pearly white set of 5 eggs, which were taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, in Sericornis
Creek, a branch of the Little Murray River, near the Don Dorrigo scrubs, New South Wales, on the
roth of October, 1898. The nest was a small round cavity, similar to that of the latter species, and
placed at the extremity of a tunnel in the bank of the creek, and was over four feet long. This hand-
some bird loves to dwell in the small fresh-water creeks that are well clothed and shaded with dense
scrub-like vegetation. I have taken several sets of these eggs near Grafton. Specimen A. measures
= 0:88 X 0°72.

136

oO.

585

586

587

588

589

No, in

A J.
a Campbell’s No. of

Book. Eggs.
438 4
= 2
436 6
436 = 3
45 4

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

PURPLE KINGFISHER,
Alcyone pulchva, Gould.

Set of 4 of these rare and pearly-white eggs. They were taken by my friend C. Woodlands, who,
like E. Drew, has enriched this collection with many rare specimens from the Gulf of Carpentaria
district of North-west Queensland. The nest was placed at the end of a tunnel, in the bank of a creek,
in a thicket of small trees, on the banks of the Gregory River, North-west Queensland, on the rrth of
September, 1896. Specimen A. measures = 0.88 x 0°73.

TASMANIAN KINGFISHER,
Alcyone azurea diemenensis, Gould.

Pair of eggs, which were taken from a tunnel in the bank of a creek near Circular Head, Tasmania,
by H. Ross, on the 17th of October, 1898. Three eggs were broken in digging out the nest, and these
two escaped with slight injuries. Specimen A. measures = 0°93 x 0°73. Specimen B. measures =
o'89 x 073. (A. J. Campbell includes this with A. azuvea. See Gould's handbook “ Birds of
Australia,” Vol. i., page 141, spm. No. 70).

BEE EATER,
Merops ornatus, Latham.

Fine clutch of 6 eggs, which are very round and pure white. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson,
at Gerrymberrym, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 3rd of November, 1893. The
nest was placed at the extremity of atunnel (4 feet long) dug into the sloping bank of a creek, the slope
being a very gentle one, and placed at an angle of about twenty degrees. We have found the nests
built in the upright banks of creeks, but the former situations, on a slope, were chiefly resorted to.
Specimen A. measures = 0°84 x 0°75, while specimen F. measures = 0°90 x 0°79.

Three eggs, which were dug out of a sandy slope at Ourimbah Creek, near Cunningham’s Gully,
Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W. Taken by H. Blakeney and myself, on the 30th of November, 1905.
As usual, the eggs were simply deposited on the sand in the round chamber at the end of the tunnel,
which in this instance was only 30 inches long. These handsome birds often cover the bottom of the
nest with a layer of wing cases (elytva) of beetles, before depositing their eggs. Specimen A. measures
= o'$1 x 0772.

Drawer YP.

AUSTRALIAN RAVEN,
Corone australis, Gould.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ War-gen."’)
Set of 4 eggs, which were taken from the top of a tall Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), at
Ti Tree Creek, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 25th of September, 1894. The nest was placed
too feet from the ground, and was exceedingly difficult to climb to. These birds always selected
the very tall trees in the Clarence River district, when building their nests, and the seven sets of eggs
taken there by us, were all placed very high up, in rather dangerous positions for persons desirous
of climbing to them. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Specimen A. measures = 1°88 x 1°18.
My experience with this Crow on the coast of New South Wales, is that when building its nest it
usually selects the highest tree on the highest hill, and very often the nest can only be reached by a
person who is really expert at tree climbing. I have seen a nest placed at a height of 120 feet, and my
brother has taken its eggs at this altitude. However, in the central and more western parts of New

137

59°

591

592

593

594

No. in

Book.

238

(zai

A. J.
Jata Campbell's No. of
No.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

South Wales, it builds low down, as the timbers in those regions are smaller and rather stunted in their
growth, and from an oologist’s point of view the nests are placed in more accessible and less break-
neck places. I have found the nests of this bird within six miles of Sydney.

CROW,
Corvus coronoides, V. and H.

Set of 5 eggs, taken from a tall Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), near the Lake at the back
of Swan Creek, Clarence River, N.S.W., and was placed in a mass of Mistletoe (Loranthus) at an altitude
of 86 feet. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 14th of October, 1894. The eggs are very
finely marked all over; two, however, specimens D. and E., are lighter types, have less markings,
and appear foreign to the set. Specimen A. measures = 1°57 x 111. It is interesting to note that
during the next season we took a lovely pair of Brown Hawk’s eggs from this identical nest; the date
was 4th September, 1895 (see data No. 268). In eight seasons we took nine sets of this Crow's eggs

in the Clarence River district.
SHORT-BILLED CROW,

Corvus Bennetti, North.
(This species is only recently described in the new work published by the Sydney Museum.)

Set of 4 eggs, which are much more boldly spotted than those of the two former species. Taken
from a nest at Timbriebungie, near Dubbo, N.S.W., by H. Reid, on the 19th of September, 1902.
This crow has a peculiar laugh-like caw, which is more interrupted and broken than that of the two
previously described. Specimen A. measures = 1°54 x 1°12. Specimen B. measures = 1°63 x 1°08.

WHITE-BACKED MAGPIE,
Gymmnorhina leuconota, Gray.
Set of 4 eggs, taken near Kewell, Victoria, on 23rd September, 1893, which are of the dark grey
variety. Specimen A. measures = 1°63 x 103.

Set of 3 eggs, reddish-brown variety. Taken by H. Lidgett near Myrniong, Victoria, on 3rd
November, 1896. This is a beautiful clutch. Specimen A. measures = 1°56 x 1°12.

BLACK-BACKED MAGPIE,
Gymnorhina tibicen, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Corong-ell."')

Set of 2 eggs, which were obtained from a nest with an egg of the Channel Bill Cuckoo, at
Caramana, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 9th of November, 1893. Taken by
Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. ‘The nest was placed in an Ironbark Eucalypt near the Caramana Lagoon,
and the three eggs were heavily incubated. When taking this set we were quite unconscious of the
fact that the grey-looking specimen was the rare egg of the giant Channel Bill Cuckoo, and it was some
time afterwards before I found it out. During the same season (1893) these Cuckoos were very plentiful
about Grafton, after the big flood, and no doubt many of their eggs were laid in the district. The huge
fig trees (Ficus macrophylla) growing in the scrubs on Susan Island, in the river opposite Grafton, were
alive that year with these noisy birds. They are known about Grafton as the Fig Hawk, and this
appellation they have received, no doubt, on account of their constantly visiting and feeding in these
large scrub Fig trees. Specimen A. measures = 1°56 x 1'09.

CHANNEL BILL CUCKOO,
Scythvops nove hollandia, Latham.

One egg, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson with the latter two Magpie’s eggs, on the oth of
November, 1893. It measures = 1°61 x 1°19, and isa pointed specimen. I had the pleasure of
examining another of these rare eggs, which was taken froma nest of the Black-backed Magpie on
Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., during season 1905. These Cuckoos are regular spring visitors
in Australia, though in some districts they make their appearance somewhat later, and their very loud
“coo rrr, Coo r-r-r, coo r-r-r,” can be heard for miles as they fly high overhead, immediately attracting

138

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
Eggs.

No. in

No. Book.
595 237
596 = 237
597 237
598 = 237
599 237
600 237
601 237
602 aay
603-239
604 240

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

your attention. They are also familiarly known in some localities as Rain or Flood Birds, for their
presence is supposed to be a sure indication of muchrain. The birds arrived in great numbers in the
Clarence River district during December of 1892, and strange to say a few weeks later the locality was
visited by a most disastrous flood, which I witnessed. John Welsh, of South Grafton, informed me
several years ago that while he was in the scrubs at Cangi, in the Upper Clarence River district, engaged
in the cutting of Cedar, he had many opportunities of watching these Channel Bill Cuckoos, and has
often seen the Pied Crow Shrikes (Strepeva graculina) feeding the young of this Cuckoo in its nest.
The eggs of these Channel Bills are not unlike those of the Pied Crow Shrikes.

BLACK-BACKED MAGPIB,
Gymnorhina tibicen, Latham.

(Variety A).—Set of 4 most extraordinary looking eggs, on account of their very elongated form.
Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 23rd of September, 1894.
Specimen A. measures = 1°92 x 1°07.

(Variety B.).—Set of 3 eggs, which are of a very rare form of ground colouring and markings.
They are a pale bluish-white, with round spots of deep reddish-brown sparingly scattered over the shell.
Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson at South Grafton, on the 7th of October, 1894. Specimen A.,
which has very few spots on it, measures in inches = 1°57 x I'07.

(Variety C.)—Set of 3 eggs, of a stone-grey colour, zoned or capped at larger ends with dark
markings. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson at South Grafton, on the 23rd of September, 1894.
Specimen A. measures = 1°66 x 1°13.

(Variety D.)—Set of 3, which very much resemble Crows’ eggs. Taken at South Grafton by Frank
and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 30th of October, 1893. Specimen A. measures = 1°60 x 1°13.

(Variety E.)—Set of 3 eggs, which resemble those of the Pied Crow Shrike. Taken at South
Grafton by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 16th of September, 1892. Specimen A. measures =
165) T-0es

(Variety F.)—Magnificent set of 4 eggs, which are of a pale apple-green ground, with large blotches
(not streaks) of reddish-brown. ‘This is the best marked set I have ever seen. Taken by Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson at South Grafton, on the 3oth of September, 1894. Specimen A. measures = 1°50
x 1:07.

(Variety G.)—Set of 2 eggs, which are a very remarkable and rare variety, and altogether different
to the latter set. The ground colour is a reddish-chocolate without markings. Taken near South
Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the roth of September, 1893. In the construction
of the nest, from which the above two eggs were taken, several long pieces of barbed wire were
used. Specimen A. measures = 1°50 x 1°06.

(Variety H.)—Set of 2 eggs, which are of the more usual and typical form, and were taken at Swan
Creek, near South Grafton, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 16th of September, 1892.
Specimen A. measures = 1°57 x 1'17. This concludes the fine series of this Magpie’s eggs in the
collection, and it is truly wonderful what a number of very distinct forms may be found in the ground
colouring, and the general disposition of their markings.

TASMANIAN MAGPIE,
Gymnorhina hyperleuca, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by C. R. Porter, at Campbelltown, Tasmania, on the 16th of August, 1896.
Specimen A. is heavily capped with markings at the pointed end, and measures = 1°47 x 1°07.

LONG-BILLED MAGPIE,
Gymnorhina dorsalis, Campbell.
Set of 3 eggs, taken near Freemantle, Western Australia, on the 3rd of October, 1899. This isa
beautiful richly marked clutch, and was taken by a timber getter and sent through the post “ unblown,”
but arrived safely. Specimen A. measures = 1°67 X 1°13.

139

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

605

606

607

608

609

610

611

612

613

No, in

Book.

244

243

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

HILL CROW SHRIKE,
Strepera arguta, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken from a tall Eucalypt on Flinder’s Range, South Australia, by H. Taylor, on
the 8th of September, 1886. Specimen A. measures = 1°66 x 1°18.

GREY CROW SHRIK8#,
Strepera cuneicaudata, Vieillot.
Set of 3 eggs, taken at Kurrajong, N.S.W., by J. Cox, on the 22nd of September, 1888. This set
has retained its colour remarkably well, and like most other sets in the collection has faded but very
little. Specimen A. measures = 1°77 x 1°25.

SOOTY CROW SHRIKE,
Strepera fuliginosa, Gould.
Set of 2 eggs, taken on the north coast of Tasmania by H. Ross, on the 31st of October, 1896.
Specimen A. measures = 1°72 x 1°12.

LEADEN CROW SHRIKE,
Strepera plumbea, Gould.
One egg, which is a beautiful specimen, and was taken from a nest built on top of a tall, dead,
hollow stump or barrel of a tree, on the Arthur River, South-west Australia, by S. Hall, on the 16th of
July, 1895. It measures = 1°69 x 112.

PIED CROW SHRIKE,
Strepera graculina, White.

Set of 3 perfect specimens, which were taken by Frank T. A. Jackson at Corindi Creek, south of
the Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 17th of October, 1896. The nest was placed in a Eucalyptus tree,
at an altitude of 79 feet. The eggs of this bird are very rare, as the nests are usually placed in awkward
positions at the extremities of long branches, rendering them quite impossible to get at. It was with
only the greatest trouble and patience that this set was procured. See what A. J. Campbell says at the
foot of page 58 in his book. This bird is well known as the “‘Charawack” on the northern rivers of
New South Wales. Its note resembles “ char-a-wack, char-a-wack, char-a-wow.” The large Channel
Bill Cuckoo, or Flood Bird, often deposits its eggs in the nests of this bird. Specimen A. measures =
EeGrime ce cen2,

BLACK-WINGED CROW SHRIKE,
Strepera melanoptera, Gould.

Set of 2 eggs, taken in the south-western part of Victoria during August of 1889. Unfortunately

this is all the data that I was able to procure about them. Specimen A. measures = 1°73 X 1°19.

WHITE-WINGED BUTCHER BIRD,
Cracticus leucopterus, Gould.
Beautiful set of 3 eggs, taken near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, on the gth of October, 1808.
Received from A. J. Campbell. Specimen A. measures = 1°23 x 0’90.

PIED BUTCHER BIRD,
Cracticus picatus, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs, taken by E. Drew in the Nicholson River district, North-west Queensland, on the
18th of November, 1897. Specimen A. measures = 1°25 X 0°92.

BLACK-THROATED BUTCHER BIRD,
Cracticus nigrigularis, Gould.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Budg-e-gulen."’)
Set of 4 eggs, of the yellowish-brown variety. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 18th
of September, 1892, from a nest in a Spotted Eucalypt (Eucalyptus maculata), at Bawden Bridge, Orara

140

AT.
Data Campbell’s No. of

No, in

No. Book. Eggs.
614 242 3
615 246 4
616 246 4
617 247 3
618 247 2
619 588 6

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

River, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W. Specimen A. measures = 1°39 x 0'95. I had
the pleasure of again meeting with these birds on Segenhoe Flats and Belltrees Station near Scone,
N.S.W., during the end of March of this year (1907). It is glorious to roam through the bush at early
morn, as the sun is just peeping his head up over the hill tops, and catch the sweet organ-like notes
of this bird as it sits piping away on the very point of the topmost branch of some tall tree. The
districts of rich land, known as Apple-tree Flats, and low open undulating hills studded with large trees,
are the places to which this species particularly resorts. In the Clarence River district we often met
with them, and succeeded in finding a number of their nests and eggs. During the visit in 1839 of
the late John Gould, the celebrated naturalist, to Australia, he observed these birds in the open
country near Scone, and along the banks of the Upper Hunter River of New South Wales.

Set of 3 eggs, of the light greenish-brown variety. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson at South
Grafton, on the 24th of August, 1898. The nest was built ina Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus vobusta),
and placed at an altitude of 50 feet. Specimen A. measures = 1°35 x o'go. I have often found
these eggs with quite a b/ack ground colour, in the vicinity of the Pine River, near Brisbane, Queensland.

GREY BUTCHER BIRD,
Cracticus destvuctoy, Temminck.

Set of 4 eggs of the dull greenish-grey ground colour variety, which are well spotted at the larger ends.
Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at the Wash Pen Gully, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on the
3oth of September, 1892. The nest was built in a forest Apple tree (Angophora), and was placed only
four feet from the ground. It is very unusual to find such nests so low down. I also found these
birds breeding at Manly and Roseville, near Sydney. Specimen A. measures = 1°25 x 0'95.

Set of 4, beautiful rich brown specimens, quite unlike the latter set, and the eggs are much smaller.
The zone markings are well defined, and specimen D. has a set of them at each end, which is rather
uncommon. The clutch was taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 28th of August, 1898, from a
Red Eucalypt (Eucalyptus vostvata), at the rear of Swan Creek, near the lake, South Grafton, N.S.W.
I have known these birds frequently attack Canary cages, kill the birds, and then carry them away.
This was only in cases where the cages were small, and hung in exposed places convenient to the
Butcher Birds. Specimen A. measures = 1°08 x 0°85.

TASMANIAN BUTCHER BIRD,
Cyracticus cinereus, Gould.
Set of 3 eggs of the greenish-grey variety. Taken by W. L. Williamson, at Brown’s River, Tas-
mania, on the 4th of October, 1893. Specimen A. measures = 1°28 x 0°92.
Set of 2 eggs, of a light bluish-grey variety. Taken at Brown’s River Road, Tasmania, by M. W.
Harrison, on the 15th of September, 1894. Specimen A. measures = 1°23 X O°9QI.

Drawer @®.

BALD COOT OR RED BILL,
Porphyvio melanonotus, Temminck.

Beautiful set of six well marked eggs, taken in Alipou Swamp, South Grafton, N.S.W., by Sid. W.
Jackson, on the 25th of October, 1893. During our collecting trips on the swamps we used a flat-
bottomed cedar canoe, 10 feet long, specially built for the purpose. “The Podiceps,” as she was
named, rendered us much valuable assistance when examining the large swamps of the Clarence River
district in quest of eggs. Specimen A. measures = 2°12 x 1°42.

141

i z= THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

620 584 6 NATIVE HEN,
Tribonyx mortieri, Du Bus.
Beautiful set of 6 eggs, taken by M. W. Harrison, on the 15th of November, 1894, on Wilson's
Swamp, New Norfolk Road, Tasmania, Specimen A. measures = 2°22 x 1°52.

“The Podiceps,”’ the canoe used while nesting on the Clarence River Swamps of New South Wales.

621 585 2 BLACK-TAILED NATIVE HEN,
Microtribonyx ventralis, Gould.
Pair of eggs, taken by J. T. Gillespie in the Riverina, Victoria, on the roth of October, 1887.
Specimen A. measures = 1°85 x 1°27.

622 587 2 BLUE BALD COOT,
Porphyrio bellus, Gould.
Fine pair of eggs, taken by S. Hall, near Lake Muir, South-west Australia, on the rst of January,
1896. Specimen A. measures = 2°17 x 1°46.

623. 589 4 cooT,
Fulica australis, Gould.

Set of 4 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson on the roth of November, 1895. The nest
was built in rushes on the edge of a small creek, six miles from South Grafton, N.S.W. Although these
birds frequent the swamps and creeks of the Clarence River district in thousands, yet their nests are
very rare and hard to find. The above set of eggs is the only one we took during our long residence in
the district. I think most of these birds go out west to breed. Specimen A. measures = 1°98 x 1°40.

624 589 7 This is a beautiful set of 7 eggs. Taken by J. Watson at Buckiinguy Station, Western New South
Wales, on the 2nd of November, 1903. Specimen A. measures = 2°0t x 1°33.
625 586 11 BLACK MOOR HEN,

Gallinula tenebrosa, Gould.

A very large set of 11 eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, on a swamp near Lavadia, at the Lake, six
miles from South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 28th of August, 1898. While I was up at the nests of the
Little Black and White Cormorants, in a Swamp Mahogany tree (Eucalyptus robusta), I saw this set of
eggs in a nest beneath me, among the rushes, and waited for the bird’s return before I robbed it. This
set of eggs had incubation about seven days old, but were nevertheless easily emptied. Two of the
eggs (specimens J. and K.) are quite differently marked to the others, and probably two birds of the
same species laid in the one nest. Specimen A. measures = 1°93 x 1°42. The Litttle Black and
White Cormorants’ nests in the Mahogany tree were hardly finished being built, and on September r1th
of the same year (1898), we had an extensive taking of their eggs, in addition to those of the Little
Black Cormorant and the Snake-necked Darter. (See data Nos. 307, 308, 310).

142

ACG
Data Campbell's No. of

No.
626

627

628

629

630

No. in
A

Book.

586

718

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Set of 7 eggs, and the best marked set of this species we have ever taken. The uniformity of the
ground colouring throughout the clutch, together with being covered with the large purplish-brown
blotches, make it a beautiful set. Taken on the 25th of September, 1898, on a swamp near Lavadia,
South Grafton, New South Wales, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Specimen A. measures 195 x
npeley

RUFOUS-TAILED MOOR HEN,
Amaurornis moluccana, Wallace.

One egg, of a kind rarely obtained, and only a few specimens of which have so far been found.
Taken by C. Woodlands, near Burketown, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-west Queensland, on the 4th
of February, 1897. The
ground colour is a dull
white, covered sparingly
with markings of reddish-
chestnut and_ bluish-grey.
It measures = 1°82 x 1°27.

BITTERN,
Botaurus paciloptilus,
Wagler.

One egg, which was taken
from a nest in a swamp near
Ulmarra, Clarence River,
N.S.W., on the 18th of
September, 1892, by Sid.
W. Jackson. The egg was
heavily incubated, and in
the nest were also three
freshly hatched young. This
specimen was successfully
blown after a lot of trouble,
and is perfect. The eggs
of this species are of an
olive-brown colour, and
have no markings. This
one measures = 1°91 X
147. I have never been
ableto obtain aperfect set of
4 of them, not even through
the medium of exchanges.
Two eggs, taken on
the Murray River Swamps,

Victoria, on the 4th of

September, 1890, by G. This is a sample of one of the Large-leaved Fig Trees (Ficus macrophylla)
W. Carter. Specimen A. of the scrubs of the Clarence and Richmond River districts of New South Wales,

which have frequently been quoted in the preceding pages. This giant measures
measures = 2°07 X I'5I. over twenty feet across at the roots.

LITTLE MANGROVE BITTERN,
Butorides stagnatilis, Gould.
Beautiful clutch of 3 eggs. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson at Caramana, near South Grafton,
Clarence River, on the gth of November, 1893. The nest, which was a very loose structure of thin

143

Data
No.

633

No. in

Campbell's No. of

Book,

~!
~I

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

sticks, was placed on a horizontally forked branch of a scrub tree, leaning over a small creek, and only
six feet above the water. We were successful in finding several sets of these rare eggs, but this was our
first take. During November of the previous season (1892), I found a nest of this species containing
two young birds, a fact which gave me much valuable assistance with regard to the locality they
frequented during breeding season ; also the style of their nests, and the position in which they are
placed. The birds feed on the muddy slopes of the river bank at low tide, and I have often seen
them perched in the River Oaks on the bank, waiting for the tide to recede. These eggs are of a
beautiful bluish-green, and have no markings. Specimen A. measures = 1°72 X 1°20.

YELLOW-NECKED MANGROVE BITTERN,
Dupetor gouldi, Bonaparte.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘* U-den-u-dijee.”’)

This splendid set of 4 rare eggs was taken opposite Riverview, near Grafton, Clarence River, on
the 17th of December, 1893, by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. ‘The nest was a very flat structure, com-
posed of thin dried stems and twigs of the Weeping Willow (Salix Babylonica), and placed on a
horizontal branch of that tree, which was leaning over the water 12 feet up. This bird is very like the
latter, in fact it would appear as one and the same species to the casual observer. Its general habits
and environments are precisely the same, notwithstanding that the eggs are pure white, and not of a
bluish-green, as is the case with the previous species. In all we found five nests, with clutches of eggs,
and they varied from two to four in number fora sitting, being rounder and more swollen specimens
than those of the preceding species. The shell is minutely pitted all over. The dimensions of the
four eggs of the set under notice are as follows :—Specimen A. = 1°67 x 1°31. Specimen B. = 1°66
x 1°32. Specimen C. = 1°66 x 1°34. Specimen D. = 1°63 x 1°30. The eggs of our smallest
Australian species of this family, viz., the Minute Bittern (A rdetta pusilla), I have never seen. I have
learned of them, and strange to say they are also pure white, but only measure a little over an inch in
length. While exploring the reed beds of Dee Why Lagoon, north of Manly, near Sydney, during
October of 1905, incompany with A. F. Basset Hull, I found a nest of this species. In a trench where
the rushes were tall and growing luxuriantly, we heard a fluttering sound, and on going over discovered
that our dog had captured one of these birds ( ? ) at its nest, the latter being quite new, and just ready
for eggs. Unfortunately the bird was much damaged, thus rendering it necessary for us to kill her.
On dissection we found that she was just ready to start laying ; so our loss was great, losing an oppor-
tunity that may never occur again in this direction, by giving us a chance to take the very rare egg of
the species. ‘The bird was preserved, and has since found a resting place in the “ Hull Collection.”
The nest measured about eight inches across, and was a flat open structure, composed of rushes and
grass loosely put together and bent into a platform shape, being fastened to the reeds about fifteen
inches above the water.

LARGE EGRET OR WHITE CRANE,
Herodias timoriensis, Lesson.

This is a perfect set of 4 eggs, which was taken by H. V. Foster on Stony Island, Tuckian Swamp,
Richmond River, N.S.W., on the 6th of November, 1899. The birds were nesting in a colony, and
the nests contained from incomplete sets of eggs to some almost hatched. They were made of sticks,
and were placed in trees which stood in the swamp. I only found these birds breeding on one occasion
in the Clarence River district, and the nests all contained young birds. It was a very great disappoint-
ment to me in not getting one single egg from the thirteen nests. Specimen A. of the above set
measures in inches = 2°22 x 1°58.

LITTLE SPOTLESS EGRET,
Garzetta nigripes, Temminck.
Set of 3 rare eggs, taken by E. Drew on the 25th of April, 1898, near the Nicholson
River, North-west Queensland. The nest was built of sticks and lined with green Eucalyptus leaves,
and was placed, with several others, on a Eucalyptus tree leaning out over the edge of aswamp. This

144

Data Ca
No.

634

No. in
A. J.
mpbell’s

Book.

No. of
Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

set is described in A. J. Campbell’s book on page 958. The correct measurements are :—Specimen
A. = 1°93 x 1°36. Specimen B. = 1°82 x 1°32. Specimen C. = 1°85 x 1°27.

Set of 3 eggs, found by L. Dumas, at North-west Australia, on the 29th of August, gor. The
nest was a loose structure of sticks, placed in a tree growing in a lagoon. Specimen A. measures =
1°74 x 1.27. In 186r one of these beautiful birds was shot near Brisbane, Q., and that was the first
record of it inhabiting Australia. It is found also in India and Europe. It is truly a scandalous shame
the brutal way in which these beautiful birds are still allowed to be butchered for the sake of their white
plumes ; a fact which holds good in Australia as well as in foreign countries. During breeding season
the birds usually associate in colonies, and when they are sitting on their nests in the trees, the cruel
and heartless hunter
comesalong, starts his
tragical and ruthless
destruction, shooting
them one by one from
their nests, and thus
leaving the young
ones therein to slowly
pine away and die of
starvation. Only quite
recently about fifty
Egrets in a colony,
were noticed building
their nests in trees in
a suitable part of the
Manning River dis-
trict of New South
Wales ; some days
later, however, sad to
relate, it was found
that a bird killer had
visited the spot, as all
theold ones weredead
and lay about in vari-
ous stages of putre-
faction, while their
young were either
dead or dying for

want of sustenance. NEST AND EGGS OF THE BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE,
The Egrets had been (See data No, 247, page 40).
shot for the sake of (About one-third of the natural size).

: Loc., Caramana, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.
a few feathers, with

which to adorn feminine headgear, and these plumes are frequently to be seen displayed in such manner,
not only in Australia, but also in other parts of the world. I am quite sure that many persons who
admire and use these feathers for dress decoration, are quite unconscious of the brutal and callous

way in which they are originally collected.

WHITE-NECKED HERON,
Notophoyx pacifica, Latham.
Beautiful set of 4 eggs, taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Caramana, South Grafton, N.S.W.,
on the 7th of September, 1898. The nest was a large structure of sticks, placed at an altitude of 100

145

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No. Book.

636 707
637 707
638 7°7
639 713
640 712
641 704

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

feet, in a huge Red Eucalypt (Eucalyptus rostrata). The tree was climbed by my brother, who in this
case got up to the nest by chopping niches or steps with a tomahawk, holding on by a strong green
vine that had been placed around the barrel of the tree, which was nearly six feet thick. The climb
was a very difficult and dangerous one. We found upwards of a dozen of these nests in the Clarence
River district, and they were all built in very large trees. Specimen A. measures = 2°13 X 1°52.
See A. J. Campbell’s book, page 957, ve this set.

WHITE-FRONTED HERON,
Notophoyx nove hollandie, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Je-nam-or-run."’)

Set of 5 eggs, one being a round mal-formed specimen, and only a little larger than an ordinary
sized glass marble. Taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, near South Grafton, N.S.W., on roth August,
1898. The nest was placed in an Ironbark Eucalypt, at an altitude of 57 feet. These birds are very
plentiful in the Grafton district. This set is of a richer blue than is usually found. Specimen A. of
the set measures = 1°87 x 1°37. Specimen E. (small mal-formed egg) measures = 1°14 x 0°97.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by W. McEnerny and Frank T. A. Jackson at Ti Tree Creek, South Grafton,
N.S W., on the 28th of August, 1898. The nest was built in the same tree as that of the Whistling
Eagle, and that of the latter contained two young birds, while both were placed ina Red Eucalypt
(Eucalyptus rostrata). Specimen A. measures = 1°78 X 1°35.

Large set of 5 eggs, which are splendid specimens and were taken on the 25th of September, 1898,
by W. McEnerny, Frank, and Sid. W. Jackson, at the Lake, near South Grafton, N.S.W. The nest
was placed at the end of a long limb, in a Red Eucalypt, at an altitude of over 60 feet, and was rather
difficult to reach. The jirs¢ set of these eggs I took was in September, 1891, and when informed as
to where the nest was located, my brother and I walked 20 miles (there and back) to rob it. Specimen
A. measures = 2°04 X 1°30.

NIGHT OR NANKEEN HERON,
Nycticorax caledonicus, Gmelin.

Set of 3 eggs, which, to the cold scientific eye, appear very different to those of the latter species,
being of a pale bluish or sea green. This clutch was the first that passed into my hands, and was
forwarded to me by my friend C. Woodlands, who collected it in the Nicholson River district, near the
Gulf of Carpentaria, where he has taken so many rare eggs. It was found on the roth of January,
1898. Specimen A. measures = 1°99 x 1°47. My brother and I once found a colony of these birds
busily engaged building their nests in a patch of Swamp Oak trees (Casuarina glauca) on the edge of
a creek at Lavadia, near South Grafton, N.S.W., during the early part of November, 1894. Subsequently
some thoughtless person shot a few of the birds, and to our great disappointment the whole lot of them
at once quitted the spot, and we saw no more of them again.

REEF HERON,
Demiegretta sacra, Gmelin.
Set of 2 eggs, taken by E. D. Atkinson, on a small island on the north-west part of Tasmania, on
the 7th of November, 1892. The nest was placed on a rock on the sea beach. Specimen A. measures
== On VEST.

GREY HERON,
Ardea cinerea, Linneus.
One egg, taken in Europe during the season of 1893. Unfortunately no fuller data accompanied
the egg, which was received from J. W. Mellor, of Fulham, near Adelaide, South Australia. This bird
does not breed in Australia. The egg measures = 2°27 x 1°63.

146

642

643

644

645

645A

646

646A

No. in

Book.

592

Boe

601

603

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
N Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Drawer R.

STONE PLOVER OR BUSH CURLEW,
Burhinus (Cdicnemus) grallarius, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘' Whare-bung-arie."’)

Splendid set of 2 well marked eggs, which were taken by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, at Clarenza,
South Grafton, N.S.W., on the 21st of October, 1894. These eggs are characterised by their remarkably
protective coloring. They were placed upon the bare ground among dead trees, on a gentle slope at
the foot of a hill. They are very swollen types. Specimen A. is beautifully blotched, and measures
= 2°25 x 1:68.

Magnificent pair of eggs, taken by Sid. W. Jackson, at the South Pine River, North-east of Bris-
bane, Q., during October of 1885. This clutch are most extraordinary specimens, owing to their very
long and torpedo-like shape, and are the most pointed types I have collected. Both are beautifully
blotched, and specimen A. measures = 2°64 x 1°48.

SPUR-WINGED PLOVER,
Lobivanellus lobatus, Latham.
Set of 4 eggs, of the dark variety, which were taken from the edge of Duck Swamp, South Grafton,
N.S.W., by W. McEnerny and Frank T. A. Jackson, on the 16th of October, 1892. Specimen A.
measures = 1°97 X 1°44.

Set of 4 eggs, which are dark specimens, and were taken at Caramana, near South Grafton, Clarence
River, N.S.W., by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 14th of July, 1895. I once founda set of these eggs on
the side of a very steep hill, really a most unusual place for this bird to lay. The eggs were placed in
a small hollow, about five inches across by one deep, which evidently had been made by cattle while
climbing up when the ground was wet. Specimens A. and B. are much darker than the other two.
Specimen A. measures = 2°02 x 1°42.

Set of 4 handsome eggs, which are of a lighter and smaller variety than those of the two previous
sets, which are from the Clarence River district. They were taken by myself 424 miles north-east of
Scone, N.S.W., on a stony ridge at the junction of the Upper Hunter River and Page’s Creek, near the
homestead on Ellerston Station, on the 16th of August, 1907. I saw the Plover fly from the ridge,
and on going over and carefully examining the place, found the four eggs nestled in a slight hollow
which the birds had scratched out amongst several large loose stones. The eggs were in rather an
advanced state of incubation, but nevertheless I succeeded in neatly blowing them. Specimen A.
measures in inches = 1°90 x I°4o.

BLACK-BREASTED PLOVER,
Zontfer tricolor, Vieillot.

Set of 4 eggs, which were taken from the edge of a swamp near South Grafton, Clarence River, by
Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 26th of August, 1893. This species does not often visit the
Clarence River district, and we only found this set of its eggs there. Specimen A. measures = 1°73
ozs

Set of 4 eggs, which were in an advanced state of incubation, but were successfully emptied. I
found them on clear flat ground at the back of the woolshed, not far from the thicket of Yarren trees
(Acacia homalophylla), on Belltrees Station, near Scone, N.S.W., on the 17th of August, 1907. Their
colouring so greatly resembles the ground where they were deposited, that it was extremely difficult to
detect them, and I walked past within a few feet several times before making the find. When I first
saw the bird I went down over the small gravelly slope, and there remained out of sight for ten minutes,

147

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of
Yo. Book. Eggs.
647 602 4
648 617 4
649 617 2
650 615 4

No. in

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

when I ran suddenly to the elevated flat, and saw the bird running away from the spot at which I had
first disturbed her. On going over I made a most exhaustive survey of the whole place, but even then
I could see no eggs, so I again retreated, and ran up after another ten minutes, and saw the bird running
away from apparently the same place; but on going over I could see no sign of a nest or eggs. I was
determined to find them, so I placed a stick in the ground at this spot with a piece of white paper
attached to the top of it, and then walked up to the end of the paddock, a distance of about 200 yards,
where I stood behind a large gate post, from which I watched the bird’s movements. She slowly and
cautiously came back, but in rather a suspicious and round-about way, all the time crying “ kar-kar-kar-
kar,” as she proceeded ; ultimately, however, she sat down quite near the stick, and there remained
for 20 minutes. I was now satisfied, and of course felt sure a nest must be there, so I left my covert,
and walked down and found the four eggs, placed in a very slight depression in the ground, only three
feet from where I had put in the stick. Specimen A. measures in inches = 1°77 x 1°23.

MASKED PLOVER,
Lobtvanellus miles, Boddaert.

Set of 4 eggs, which are very heavily blotched all over, and are the only clutch of four of these
rare specimens, as far as I have been able to ascertain, that have yet been taken. They were found
near the junction of the Nicholson and Albert Rivers, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, district of North
Queensland, by E. Drew, on the 16th of January, 1898. Specimens A. and B. are more heavily
marked than C. and D. The eggs are the same size as those of the Black-breasted Plover, and
specimen A. measures = 1°72 x 1°27; but in the ground colour and general markings they are rather
different to the eggs of the two preceding species.

RED-NECKED AVOCET,
Rucurvirostra nove hollandia, Vieillot.

Set of 4 rare eggs, taken at Shamrock, near Cunnamulla, Queensland, by S. Robinson, on the
7th of February, 1898. Specimen A. measures = 1:96 x 1°37. I saw these birds on the swamps in
the Clarence River district of N.S.W. on three occasions, but never knew them to breed there. The
late James F. Wilcox, the well known naturalist of the Clarence River, once had some of these beautiful
birds alive in his grounds at “ Dallinga,” South Grafton, and the gardener one day took it into his head
to do a little operating ; and with a sharp scissors cut off their long thin “ curved up” bills. When
questioned by his master as to his reason for perpetrating such an act, he calmly remarked “ that he
had done it in order that the bills might grow straight.”

Pair of eggs, which are of a darker stone ground than the above set, and were taken in the interior
of New South Wales on the 27th of January, 1889. Specimen A. measures = 1°98 x 1°41. The
Avocet has very long thin red legs, like stilts, and it’s bill is so very much upturned that it resembles
exactly a bootmaker’s awl. The eggs are very similar to those of the Banded and White-headed Stilt,
only they are larger.

WHITE-HEADED STILT,
Himantopus leucocephalus, Gould.

(Variety A).—Set of 4 handsome specimens, taken on Duck Swamp, South Grafton, Clarence
River, New South Wales, on the 2nd of September, 1898, by L. Vesper, Jno. McEnerny, Frank and
Sid. W. Jackson. See A. J. Campbell’s book on ‘“‘ Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds,” page 802, for
my notes and photographs on the above find. ‘Three nests are shown in the accompanying photograph
(page 149), and the above set was taken from one which is to be seen in the middle. This set of eggs
is decidedly like those of the Red-necked Avocet, only of course they are smaller. The ground colour
is of a beautiful yellowish stone, with a faint olive tinge, and the eggs are beautifully blotched all over
with dark and almost black markings. It is the best set of all those we found. The first eggs of this
bird found in New South Wales were taken by an aboriginal in the employ of the late J. MacGillivray,
during September of 1866, and strange to say from the same swamp as the series of specimens now

148

oO.

651

No, in

Book,

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of
N Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

under notice. I was quite surprised to find these beautiful birds breeding so near the township, it
being the first time I had noticed them in the district. They came in great numbers, and their dog-
like barking notes could be heard both day and night. The swamps were well filled with water, heavy
rain having fallen just prior to the birds’ arrival. They were all confined to the eastern end, resorting
to the shallower areas for nest-building purposes, and we counted upwards of seventy nests in a space
of about one hundred yards square, succeeding in taking clutches of the rare specimens from over
thirty of them. The eggs varied very considerably in size, shape, ground colouring, and disposition of
the markings. Some were quite fresh, while others had incubation about six days old; those in many
of the nests were broken, owing to cattle walking on them while feeding in the swamp. Nine days
later (11th September), I found another colony of Stilts breeding on Sportsman Swamp, near South
Grafton. On this occasion the nests numbered only twenty-five, all of which contained young, excepting
five with sets of eggs very heavily incubated. On Duck Swamp, in places where the water was over
fourteen inches deep, the nests appeared to be floating structures, but where the depth was only nine
or ten inches, they were firmly built up from the bottom. They were very neatly constructed, and
measured from six to nine inches across, being composed of aquatic weeds, small twigs, grass, etc.,
having the appearance in the water of those of the Black-throated Grebe, only they are much more
smartly built. The eggs, which were four in number in nearly every instance, were placed in the nests
with the thin or pointed
ends turned inwards ; but
some structures, which were
not built up sufficiently
above the surface of the
water, were very wet inside,
and in such cases the thick
ends were sometimes turned
innermost. It is rather un-
usual for birds to place their
eggs in the latter position,
and probably it was done
on account of the water
soaking into the centre of

the nest ; the thicker ends
of the eggs being in the NEST AND EGGS OF THE WHITE-HEADED STILT.
(Set data No. 650 came from the nest in the middle.)
(About one-sixteenth of the natural size.)
Loc., Duck Swamp, South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.

water,would, of course, natu-
rally retain more warmth,

and be thus better able to
withstand the action of the water, than when placed with the pointed ends inwards. The majority of

the nests were situated from ten to fifteen feet apart, while here and there we would drop across a few
close together. In the accompanying photograph showing these structures, the one on the right and
left sides has been moved up close to the central one (Data No. 650), in order to make a group picture.
The ordinary notes of these birds form a peculiar puppy dog-like bark, and, on being robbed of their
eggs, they kept jumping straight up off the ground, and also out of the water, to a height of about two
feet, all the time making a croaking noise, and flapping their wings. It was a beautiful sight to see
these lovely creatures, with their white plumage and very long pink legs reflected in the clear water,
hopping about ; also, off and on standing upon their nests. Unfortunately I was unable to get a snap-
shot photograph of them in these positions, as the camera which I was using at the time was fitted only
for time exposure. Specimen A. measures = 1°82 x 1°23.

(Variety B.).—Set of 4 eggs, short and rather rounded specimens, which are quite different to the
latter clutch. ‘The ground colour is of a deep yellowish stone, or dark sienna, covered with dark and

149

A. J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No.

653

654

No, in

Book,

615

616

618

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

almost black markings. One egg of this set (specimen D.), is very small and rather pointed at one end,
and with the large blotches upon it, resembles that of the Painted Snipe. Taken by Frank and Sid.
W. Jackson, on Duck Swamp, South Grafton, N.S.W., on 2nd September, 1898. In the accompanying
photograph (page 149) this set will be seen in the nest on the right. The set measures in inches as
follows :—Specimen A. = 1°60 x 1°17. Specimen B. = 1°62 x 1°20. Specimen C. = 1°57 x 1°22.
Specimen D. = 1°49 x I'to.

(Variety C.)—Set of 3
eggs, of which the ground
colour and markings are quite
different to the two former
varieties. Two of the eggs are
very pointed at one end, while
the other is rather swollen and
blunt at the smaller end. The
ground colour is of a dull
greenish-stone, with markings
of cloudy and small broken
blotches of greyish-black, which

are scattered all over the sur-

face, making it a very remark- Collecting the eggs of the White-headed Stilt, on Duck Swamp, South
in : Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W. The nest containing Set data No. 650,

able set. Taken by Frank will be seen at the front of the photograph, on the right.

and Sid. W. Jackson, on Duck

Swamp, South Grafton, Clarence River, on 2nd September, 1898. Specimen A. measures = 1°74

x 120s

BANDED STILT,
Cladorhynchus leucocephalus, Vieillot.

Beautiful set of 4 eggs, the ground colour of which is olive-stone, covered with irregular markings
and long line-like streaks of heavy sepia and umber. Specimen A. is a beautiful egg, and is covered
more than the others with the long and twisted hieroglyphic-like markings. In shape and size the four
eggs are very uniform, and specimen A. measures = 1.73 x 1°19. They were taken by G. W. Carter,
on the Murray River Swamps of
Victoria, on the 21st of December,
1892. This is the only set of these
eggs I have ever seen.

SEA CURLEW,
Numenius cyanopus, Vieillot.
(Australian set.)

This is a magnificent set of 4
eggs, and they are the first of their
kind taken in Australia. They were
found near the sea shore on the
northern coast of Western Australia,
by L. Dumas, on 23rd November,
1899. The rare eggs of this species
are not described in A. J. Campbell’s
great work, published in 1900, on

A morning's work among the eggs of the White-headed Stilt.
(About one-fifteenth of the natural size.)

Loc., Duck Swamp, Clarence River, New South Wales.
the ‘‘ Nests and Eggs of Australian

Birds.” On page 805 he says :—‘‘ The eggs, however, are unknown, but by analogy we can understand
that, like other Curlews, the Australian lays four large eggs of a mottled olive-green appearance.’ He

150

No. in

A. J.
Data Campbell’s No. of
No. Book. Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

was correct, for both this and the following set answer his latter description. Unfortunately his book
was in the press before these and the Norwegian eggs came to hand, and, of course, they arrived too
late for their descriptions to appear in it. The four eggs measure as follows, in inches :—Specimen A.
= 2°62 x 1:93. Specimen B. = 2°69 x 1°93. Specimen C. = 2°75 x 1°93. Specimen D. =
2°67 x 1°95. The eggs are very pyriform, or pear-shaped, and specimens A. and B. are more so than
C. and D., resembling a schoolboy’s peg-top in form, one end being very pointed, and the other broad
and rounded, though somewhat flat. It is evident they are of this shape in order to keep them from
rolling away, in the event of being touched or blown by a strong wind. One end of the egg being so
very much thicker than the other, causes it to rotate in a complete circle when it does move, and it
cannot possibly roll away any great distance from its nest or original position. They are very pro-
tectively coloured, as is the case with all those of this family, and it takes a very experienced eye to find
the nests of some of them. In instances such as the Black-breasted Plover, etc., where the female is
rather conspicuous in colouring, she walks away and leaves her eggs at the slightest approach of danger,
being warned by the male bird, who is always on the watch. They know well, however, that the eggs
closely harmonize with the surroundings, thus making them difficult to detect, and they are far safer
without the bird. Ground-building birds such as Quail, etc., which have secretively coloured plumage,
are very close sitters, and will remain on the nest until they are almost trodden on, being often cut to
pieces by mowing machines, so reluctant are they to move. The young of this class are likewise pro-
tectively coloured, and are admirably adapted for hiding, whether their habitat is on a grass or gravel-
covered flat, on a hill top, or on the sea shore. My experience with all the ployer tribe, is that the
bird leaves its nest long before it is seen, and they usually run some distance before rising into the air,
thus leaving little clue behind as to the location of the nest. This bird under notice is the Curlew
proper, the Bush Curlew being really the Stone Plover. I found it very common on the islands in,
and shores around, Moreton Bay, Queensland, where at low tide it frequents the mud flats at the
entrances to the Pine River, Mosquito and Cabbage Tree Creeks ; also, the extensive stretches of sand
opposite Sandgate, where, with its long curved bill, it hooks crabs, various marine worms, etc., from
their hiding places. I have noticed the birds in many other localities, while, even at Botany Bay and
Port Hacking, near Sydney, they may often be seen feeding on the seashore at low tide, during the
warmer months. Their note is a weird cry resembling “ cur-lee u, cur-lee-u, cur-lee-u,” and is not
unlike that uttered by the Stone Plover or Bush Curlew of the forests.

655 618 4 SEA CURLEW,
Numenius cyanopus, Vieillot.
(Norwegian set.)

Splendid set of 4 eggs, found on an open moorland in Northern Norway, on the 26th of April,
1900. The incubation was only about fifty hours old when the set was taken. The bird was shot, so
its identity is sure. This set of Sea Curlew’s eggs is identical with the latter clutch (No. 654), with the
exception that the ground colouring in these Norwegian specimens is rather a darker olive-green. It
is interesting to have this set from Norway, in order to compare it with the Australian types. This
clutch gives the following dimensions in inches:—Specimen A. = 2°56 x 1°86. Specimen B. =
2°56 x 1°86. Specimen C. = 2°56 x 1°84. Specimen D. = 2°50 x 1°86. It will be seen from the
latter measurements that these eggs are a little smaller than those of the Australian bird.

656 737 3 TIPPET GREBE,
Podicipes cristatus, Linnzus.

Set of 3 eggs, taken by F. Ricketson at Baratta, Riverina, N.S.W., on 17th November, 1898.
Specimen A. measures = 1°87 x 1°40. The eggs of this set are very dirty and nest stained, and look
as if they had been rolled about in a duck-yard for a week, yet it is only quite correct to leave them in
their natural state, just as they were found. They are a dull white when first laid, but soon become
soiled and nest stained. Like the Black-throated Grebe these birds cover their eggs with weeds each
time they leave the nest, and this in a great measure helps to stain and darken them, for being lime-

151

Data
No.

657

660

No. in
A.J

Campbell's No. of

Book,

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

coated the capillary attraction is greater, and the colouring matter is more readily absorbed, than would
be the case otherwise. Had nature allowed these eggs to be coloured specimens, the bird would not
require to hide them each time she left the nest, and could therefore leave them uncovered, as all other
swamp birds do, though they usually deposit coloured specimens. The eggs are always resting on a
very wet nest, and most of the time, when the bird is absent, are covered with wet weeds; but they
very soon become brown and stained. Always being in such a wet state, a person would naturally
conclude that they would soon get cold and decomposed ; but nature has provided for this, for the eggs
are thickly coated with lime when laid, and the moisture of the wet nest on the lime promotes sufficient
heat to keep the eggs warm.

HOARY-HEADED GREBB,

Podicipes poliocephalus, J. and S.

Set of 5 eggs, taken on a swamp near Benjeroop, Victoria, on 21st January, 1896, by G. W. Carter,

but like those of the former species are nest stained, and of a brown colour. Specimen A. measures
= 1°54 x 1:06. The Murray River swamps of Victoria seem to be the stronghold of this species.

This egg shows the peculiar rough and limy nodules which often cover the surface of this Grebe’s
eggs. It was taken in the Riverina district of New South Wales by F. Ricketson, during November,
1g0o, and measures = 1°50 x Ivor.

BLACK-THROATED GREBE,
Padicipfes nove hollandia, Stephens.
(Known better as the ‘‘ Diver"’ or ‘* Babchick."’)

Set of 6 eggs, which resemble those of the latter species, only they are smaller. Two of them
are stained a deep brown, and the other four are of a dull white, being unusually clean, and were
evidently the last laid. All were fresh, or nearly so. Taken on Caramana Swamp, near South Grafton,
Clarence River, N.S.W., by Frank and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 9th of November, 1898. While in our
swamp canoe, “‘ The Podiceps,” exploring the lagoons of the Clarence River district, we have often
found these eggs in their peculiar floating nests, which are very wet and shabby structures, in fact they
were always wet, and even during heavy rain, when no birds were about, I have taken the eggs from
the nest quite warm. No doubt the thickly lime-coated surface promotes sufficient heat in helping
nature to keep the eggs warm, and more especially when the wet breast of the hen bird comes in
contact with them. Specimen A. measures = 1°33 x tor.

Drawer S.

MALLEEB FOWL,
Lipfoa ocellata, Gould.

Two eggs, taken from a mound or nest by T. A. Brittlebank, on the Pine Plains, Northern
Mallee, Victoria, on the 9th of October, 1899. The eggs were fresh. Specimen B. is of a beautiful
pinkish-buff. Like the Scrub Turkey, these birds deposit their eggs in a mound of leaves and sand,
and cover them over, where they hatch from the natural heat. Specimen A. measures = 3°87 x 2°33.
Specimen B, measures = 3°53 x 2°40.

QUEENSLAND SCRUB FOWL,
Megapodius duperreyi, Lesson.

Pair of eggs, taken from a large mound by D. Le Souéf, in North Queensland, on the 12th of
November, 1893. The temperature of the great mound in which this species deposits its eggs for
hatching is 95°, being at a depth of from one and a half to three feet, where the eggs rest. Specimen
A. measures = 3°50 x 2715. Specimen B. measures = 3°28 x 2°17.

152

Wap THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

Data Campbell's No, of

No. Book. Eggs.

661 559 2 BARNARD BRUSH TURKBY,
Catheturus purpureicollis, Le Souef.

Pair of eggs, which were taken by a native at Cape York, Queensland, during November of rgor.
Specimen A. measures = 3°63 X 2°39. Specimen B. measures 2163. 2°40,
662 558 5 BRUSH TURKEY,

Catheturus lathami, J. E. Gray.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘* Mur-e-din.’’)
Set of 5 eggs, which were heavily incubated, but nevertheless successfully blown. They were
taken at Booyong scrubs, Richmond River, North-east New South Wales, by W. McEnerny, I. J. Foster

and Sid. W. Jackson, on the 13th of November, 1899. See accompanying photograph ot the nest.

THE HUGE NEST OR MOUND OF THE SCRUB TURKEY,

(From which Set data No. 662 was taken.)

Loc., Booyong Scrubs, Richmond River, New South Wales.

Specimen A. measures 3°75 xX 2°42. Specimen B. measures 3°72 x 2°47. The nest was a very
large one, and we did a great deal of groping and digging before we succeeded in obtaining all the eggs
from the mound. It was placed on the bank of Unio Creek, at Booyong, and the birds had scratched

all the leaves, sticks, scrub fruit, dead snail shells, etc., up over a long log, two feet thick, in order to

153

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.

663

No. in

Book.

591

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

get the material to the desired spot, where the mound was ultimately constructed, the eggs being laid
therein. In digging out these Turkeys’ nests in the Richmond River scrubs, I frequently found great
numbers of large black scrub plums (Sidevoxylon australe), and no doubt they had been raked in with
the other debris, in order to set up fermentation, thus generating heat. My record take from one nest
was thirty of these very large white eggs, but, of course, in cases of this kind four or five pairs of birds
owned the nest, and the material used in its construction would more than fill four large drays,
The eggs, which are edible, are indeed very palatable, and when camped in the scrubs collecting, I
always made it a rule in blowing them, to save the contents of those which were fresh, and have often
enjoyed a breakfast of omelets which were made from them. The average weight of a full egg is 6} ozs.,
yet I have had them to turn the scale at 7} ozs, The eggs are comparatively very large for this bird
to lay, and in shape are elliptical, though sometimes pointed at one end. They are white in colour,
the texture of the shell being rather coarse and granulated, and without gloss. When laid, they are
deposited in the nest or mound in terraced circles, with the small ends downwards, being placed from
7 to 14 inches apart. Digging these eggs out from the mound is slow and tedious work, as it is
necessary to do it with the hands in order to avoid the risk of breaking them. ‘The heat from the nest
is very great, as I have often experienced, and soon puts the diligent worker in a mass of perspiration,
as he sits and gropes away in the middle of the hot and sweltering mass of fermented debris. On two
occasions, when groping among the rubbish for the eggs in the Richmond River scrubs, I came across
Black Snakes (Pseudechis porphyviacus). The mounds are sometimes only eight feet across at the base,
with a height of 2 feet 6 inches; but in several cases I have known them to measure as much as 14 to
15 feet through at the ground, and have a height of from 36 to 42 inches. In some nests I noticed
the tops very conical, while in others they were rather flat, and an old one is readily recognised, as it is
generally overgrown with nettles, etc. ; the indication of a new one, however, is always demonstrated
by the admirable manner in which the ground around has been raked quite clean, extending over a
radius of from 40 to 70 feet, while the leaves and other debris are centrally heaped up to form the
natural incubator. ‘The greatest number of these nests that I have seen anywhere, and likewise the
birds, was during the year 1888 at Patch’s scrub, situated 25 miles from Jondaryan, on the Darling
Downs, Queensland. The temperature of the mound from which I took this set under notice was
(thirty-one inches from the top, down where the circle of eggs was buried) approximately 96° Fah.
I placed the thermometer down three times in order to be correct, though I have known the temperature
to vary from 93° to 96° Fah. ‘The bulk of the debris which forms the nest is usually scraped up by
the birds soon after rain has fallen, for it is then damp. This is done some weeks in advance of the
laying, in order to allow sufficient time for fermentation, thereby having the requisite heat established
by the time the bird is ready to lay. If, however, the season is a dry one, causing the masses of leaves
and other rubbish on the ground to be devoid of moisture, the birds will, when an opportunity occurs,
scrape the nest-building materials through some small shallow creek in the scrub, in order to wet it,
and then heap it up on the ground about 20 or 30 feet away. In about three or four weeks’ time the
mound is ready to receive its complement of eggs. The young are well feathered on leaving the eggs,
and make their way out of the huge mound unassisted, being able at this early stage to fly and run
about, acting independently and feeding themselves. The birds generally selected a damp part of the
scrub for their nest, in a locality where leaves were.profusely strewn, being careful to secure a small
opening where the mid-day sun could penetrate. I captured one of them () in a snare at the nest at
Booyong, brought it to Sydney, and presented it alive to the Botanic Gardens. The Director was
very pleased to receive it, for it was a very welcome acquisition.

BUSTARD OR WILD TURKEY,
Eupodotis australis, J. E. Gray.
Beautiful clutch of 2 eggs, of the dark olive variety. They were taken in the Nicholson River
district, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-west Queensland, by C. Woodlands, on the 24th of November,
1898. The eggs were laid on the bare ground on the plains. Specimen A. measures = 2°98 x 2°13.

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THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Specimen B. measures = 3°04 x 2°13. Only once have I taken the eggs of this fine bird, and that
was near Toowoomba, Queensland, during 1889. I saw several of the birds on the Darling Downs,
Queensland, in September of 1906, among the sheep runs, and as the train passed along they would
leisurely fly a few yards, and then settle on the ground again. I only saw the bird once in the Clarence
River district of New South Wales. It is very rare in that part, as the locality is not suited to it.

One egg, of a green variety, forming a clutch in this case, as incubation was four days old. It
was taken by C. Woodlands in the Nicholson River district, North-west Queensland, on the 17th of
October, 1898. Frequently only one egg is laid. It measures = 2°92 x 2°12, and is smaller than
those of the pair in the former set.

YELLOW-LEGGED SPOONBILL,
Platibis flavipes, Gould.
(With notes on the Koala or Australian Native Bear, Phascolarctos cinereus.)

This splendid set of four eggs was taken at Lavadia, near South Grafton, Clarence River, New
South Wales, by W. McEnerny and myself, on the 2oth of September, 1896. The nest was rather a
flat structure of sticks, lined with green Eucalyptus leaves, and measured nineteen inches across, being
placed in a Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyftus vobusta) at a height of 35 feet. The four eggs were quite
fresh when taken, and are devoid of markings, with the exception of a few nest stains. ‘Two other
nests were found in adjoining trees on the edge of the swamp, but contained incomplete clutches.
These Spoonbills were very plentiful about Grafton some seasons, and usually arrived in company with
the White Ibises, making the swamps about Lavadia their stronghold. During October of 1899, they
were also found breeding near Lawrence, Lower Clarence River district, and several sets of their
eggs were taken there by L. Vesper, the nests in this case being placed in Swamp Oaks (Casuarina
glauca). Specimen A. measures = 2°90 x 1°80. Specimen B. = 2°76 x 1°80. An opportunity here
occurs for me to make a few remarks with reference to the recent press comments concerning the
wanton destruction of the Australian Native Bear or Koala (Phascolayctos cinereus), and as this destruction
is apparently about to receive a very much needed check, I think my observations will not be out
of place. They were quite familiar objects in the forests, particularly in my early nesting days, but of
late years, during my ramblings, I have rarely come across them. ‘They used to be quite numerous
amongst the tall Eucalyptus trees about the swamps and ridges at Lavadia, and other parts of the
Clarence River district of New South Wales. My brother and I have frequently come across them
comfortably nestled in an upright fork of a tree, and perhaps within only a few feet of the nest we were
after. They hold on most tenaciously, and if you attempt to capture them will climb to the topmost
branch. They are, however, harmless creatures, and it is really grievous to see the way they are at
times hunted and killed ; when in pain or frightened, they utter a pitiful child-like cry, and at other
times a peculiar guttural grunt or noise. I was successful in obtaining an excellent photograph of a
splendid specimen from life near Grafton, N.S.W., and the picture is reproduced as the frontispiece to
this volume. It would appear, however, that this Native Bear is being rapidly exterminated, especially
in New South Wales, a fact which is much to be regretted. Indeed, if there has been a law in existence
for their protection, it has been in name only, and certainly not in effect. The last one I met with was
at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S.W., during November of 1905, and that was actually the first I had
seen for several years previously. I am credibly informed by friends in the Mudgee, Armidale, Cooma,
and Newcastle districts that this ornamental bush creature is now rarely ever seen, and is fast becoming
extinct, a fact to be deeply deplored, for all lovers of nature will much regret the disappearance of this
species of fauna, which so admirably adorns our Australian bush, and at one time was a source of the
greatest pleasure for enthusiastic oologists in the procedure of their naturalistic studies. I can recollect
in 1883 they were very plentiful near Toowoomba, on the Darling Downs, Queensland. If not hunted
or interfered with they become quite tame, often coming into houses and country schools, naturally
causing great amusement. They, of course, get about on all fours, and are quite comical in their
movements. They have very sharp claws, and their food consists chiefly of Gum or Eucalyptus leaves.

155

~Je
Data Campbell’s No. of

No.

666

667

667A

No, ip
A

Book.

7or

7OI

FOI

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

It was not at all uncommon in the latter locality to find three or four in one tree, and one was frequently
seen perched here and there on the top of a telegraph pole. But all this seems to be changed now, as
I learn from friends living in various parts of New South Wales and Queensland that a Native Bear is
very seldom seen, the dire result, no doubt, of the work of trappers and hunters shooting them for the
market, to provide material for bearskin rugs, etc., and also as a means of livelibood. Before closing
I might mention that when at Jondaryan, Queensland, in 1888, I came across several very fine speci-
mens of the piebald variety of this bear. The law in force for the protection of certain animals and
birds is openly and flagrantly violated, and in most of the large cities of the Commonwealth substantial
evidence in support of this statement may be found in the quantities of skins exposed for sale, as is also
the case in the number of those of the Platypus (Ovnithorhynchus anatinus) disposed of, to which might
further be added the enormous quantities of beautiful tail plumage of our Lyre Birds, which are supposed
to be safe-guarded by the Birds’ Protection Act of New South Wales.

BLACK-BILLED SPOONBILL,
Platalea regia, Gould.
(This bird is also known as the Royal and Black-faced Spoonbill.)

Set of 4 eggs, which was one of the first clutches recorded. They were taken froma nest in a
swamp in the Nicholson River district, North-west Queensland, by E. Drew, on the 25th of April,
1898. See bottom paragraph in A. J. Campbell’s book, page 947, ve this set. It seems remarkable
that this species should lay its eggs on the rushes in the swamps, while the Yellow-lezgged Spoonbill
makes a nest of sticks, which it places in a tree ; and another strange thing is that it usually breeds in
company with the White Ibises. The Spoonbill was twice flushed from the nest, which contained the
above set of four eggs, before they were taken. The structure was simply the reeds bent down into a
platform a little above water-mark, and the eggs laid thereon. They were slightly incubated. Four
more of the birds were observed on the same swamp, but although they were watched carefully, no
other nests were found. White Ibises were breeding at the same place. The eggs are dull or chalky-
white, and moderately marked with reddish-brown. Specimens A. and B. possess more markings than
the others, and measure as follows :—Specimen A. = 2°52 x 1°77. Specimen B. = 2.47 x 1°75.

Beautiful pair of eggs, which are much more elongated than those of the previous set, and possess
more markings. They were taken on a swamp at Lavadia, near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
by A. Amos and myself, where we found these birds breeding in company with the White Ibises, and
were successful in taking the eggs of both species. Their nests were alike, being simply the rushes
trampled down, platform shaped, on which the eggs were laid. The Spoonbill’s eggs varied from 2 to
4 for a sitting, though in one instance we took five eggs from a nest. (See Data No. 667A.) They
were of various shapes and sizes, several being boldly blotched, resembling some well-marked eggs of
the Whistling Eagle (/Zaliastuy sphenurus), while others again only possessed a few minute dots. They
were taken on the 4th of November, rg04. Specimen A. measures = 2°83 X 1°72. Specimen B.
measures = 2°70 x 1°75. Specimen B. possesses numerous markings at the larger end, while in
Specimen A. they are very small and scattered all over the surface. As is the case with the former set
of 4 eggs, these two have the surface of the shell minutely pitted all over, in fact all the eggs of the
Ptalatee order have more or less a pitted shell. These birds were also found breeding on the same
swamps at Lavadia, during October of 1903.

This is the only set of five of these rare eggs that I have ever seen. They are most beautifully
blotched specimens, and were taken by A. Amos and myself from a swamp at Lavadia, near South
Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the 4th of November, 1904. They are not nearly so elongated as
those of the previous set. Specimen A. is beautifully blotched at the larger end with reddish-brown,
and resembles a well-marked egg of the Whistling Eagle ; it measures = 2°43 x 1°73. Specimens B.,
C., D. and E. are well capped with brown and purplish-grey markings at the larger ends, while marks of
the same colour are scattered over the remainder of the shell. They measure as follows :—Specimen B.
= 2°52 x 1'73; Specimen C. = 2°53 x 1°72; Specimen D. = 2'58 x 1°71; Specimen E. = 2‘60

156

No. in THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A J.
Data Campbell's No. of
No. Book, Eggs.

x 1°63. The late John Gould states “that this fine species is tolerably common on the eastern and
northern coasts of Queensland ; and although a rare visitant there, it had been found within the colony
of New South Wales.” All his specimens were procured at Moreton Bay, and he had seen others which
were collected near Port Essington, North Australia. The bird usually confines itself to swamps and
marshy inlets near the sea, but sometimes it is founda considerable distance inland on the banks
of rivers and lakes. From specimens which I dissected I found that their food consists chiefly of
aquatic insects, very young fish, worms, grass, and small fresh water shell fish, such as young mussels,
Unio australis, Unio depressus, and also smaller species, comprising JZelania Balonnensis, Corbicula sub-
lavigata, Physa producta, Limnea lessoni, Modiolayca subtorta, Planoybis fragilis, Segmentina australiensis,
Aydrobia Brazieri, etc., all of which I have collected alive in the fresh water creeks and swamps of the
Clarence River district, forming food not only for Spoonbills, but numerous other waterfowl. In the
afore-mentioned swamps I noticed small glossy beetles of the Chrysomelide family very abundantly
distributed on the
rushes, and found
that they formed
a good food supply
for this and many
other of the swamp
birds. The plum-
age of this Spoon-
bill is white, while
its bill, face, legs
and feet are black.
On the crown of
the head, and over
each eye, is a
triangular mark of
orange; the eyes
being red. Itstotal
length is about 29
inches; and the
large peculiar
spoon-like bill,
which is 8} inches
inlength, is beauti-
fully adapted for
the collection of
its food. Its habits
are very similar to
thoseoftheYellow-
legged Spoonbill,
with the exception that it lays its eggs on the rushes in the swamps, and not in a nest composed of
sticks placed in a tree, as is the case with the latter species.

ABORIGINES OF THE CLARENCE RIVER DISTRICT OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Nymboi Jack, whose name frequently appears in these pages, will be seen in the centre,
with his vine and tomahawk, ready to do some tree climbing.

668 698 3 WHITE IBIS,
Ibis molucca, Cuvier.
Set of 3 eggs, which were taken on a swamp at Lavadia, near South Grafton, Clarence River,
N.S.W., on 4th November, 1904, by A. Amos and myself. We found these birds breeding in company
with the Black-billed Spoonbill, and took fifteen clutches of their eggs. They are a pure white, in some
instances nest stained, and like those of the preceding species, they are finely pitted all over. I also

157

Data
No.

669

679

671

672

No. in

A. J.
Campbell's No. of

ook.

699

59°

590

Eggs.

THE JACKSQNIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

found these birds breeding in the Clarence’ River district, during October of 1897. Specimen A.
measures = 2°71 X 1°70.

STRAW-NECKED IBIS,

Carphibis spinicollis, Jameson.

Set of 3 eggs, taken with several other sets from a swamp near Ulmarra, Clarence River, N.S.W.,
by Sid. W. Jackson, on the 19th of October, 1897. The nest was like that of the White Ibis, a trampled-
down platform of rushes in the swamp, a little above watermark. The eggs are very similar to those ot
the latter species, being of a chalky white, but the pittings on the shell are not quite so pronounced.
Specimen A. measures = 2°66 x 1°70. Specimen B. measures = 2°67 x 1°67. Spécimen C.
measures = 2.47 x 1°68. When feeding, the grassy flats about Grafton are often covered with these
Ibises, but the white species seem to keep nearer the margins of the swamps.

. GLOSSY IBIS,
Plegadis falcinellus, Linnzeus.

Set of 3 eggs, very beautiful specimens, which are of a rich deep bluish-green, and much more
handsome than all others of this colour laid by different species in Australia. It seems rather incon-
sistent that this beautiful Ibis should lay blue eggs, and the other four species of its order (Ptalatee)
lay white specimens. The nest was constructed of sticks, placed on a small tree leaning out over a
narrow creek. Several others containing eggs were taken in the same locality. Taken by H. Scotney,
at Kidnapper Creek, South-west Queensland, on the 13th of October, 1900. This is the only set ot
these rare and lovely eggs that has ever come under my notice during my long experience collecting.
They are minutely pitted all over, and measure as follows :—Specimen A. = 2:01 x 1°43. Specimen
B. = 1:92 x 1°47. Specimen C. = 1°92 x 1:45.

CRANE OR NATIVE COMPANION,
Antigone austyvalasiana, Gould.
(This bird is known to the aborigines-of the Clarence River district as ‘‘ Bu-allum-gum.,"’)

Beautiful clutch of 2, the ground colour of which is a dark cream, or light-drab, blotched and
spotted all over with umber and purplish-brown They were taken on Molly Station, Western New
South Wales, by J. Watson, on the 2nd of August, 1896. I have only taken the eggs of this bird on
one occasion, and that was near South Grafton, Clarence River, N.S.W., on the roth of October, 1892.
The shell is very clearly pitted all over. -Of the set under notice, these are the measurements :—
Specimen A. = 3°71 x 2°49. Specimen B. = 3:42 x 2°36.

Set of 2 eggs, which are remarkable specimens, as they are snow-white, and with the exception of a
few small dull dots on specimen B., they are totally free from markings, and being glossy present the
appearance of large white china eggs. This set is from the Tropics, and devoid of colour, while the
former clutch (No. 671) is highly coloured and heavily marked, and comes from a cooler region, viz.,
New South Wales. Taken by C. Woodlands in the Nicholson River district, North-west Queensland,
on the 24th of September, 1897. It is a most interesting clutch. Specimen A. measures = 3°72 x
2°57. Specimen B. measures = 3°77 x 2°48. In the Clarence River district I have frequently seen
these stately birds doing their extraordinary dance.

158

Data Ca
No.

673

674

No. in

A. J.
mpbell’s No. of

Book.

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Drawer ry". (Bottom Drawer on right side of Cabinet.)

» BLACK-NECKED STOCK OR JABIRU,
Xenorhynchus asiaticus, Latham.

One very rare egg, of a clutch of two, taken by my friend C. Woodlands, in the Nicholson River
district, North-west Queensland, on the 25th of April, 1898. Unfortunately one of the clutch got badly
damaged coming through the post, and I passed it out of the collection in 1901. The measurement
given by A. J. Campbell in his book at the foot of page 970, for the remaining egg described here, is
= 2'80 x 2'10o. I make the measurements just a fraction smaller, thus = 2°78 x 2°09. CC. Wood-
lands, in writing to me from the Nicholson River, North-west Queensland, on the 2gth April, 1898,
says :—‘“I was greatly disappointed with the Jaberoo's eggs, and I think you will be likewise. They
appear to be so insignificant, both in size and colour, for such a large and handsome bird, that I do
not know what to say about them. The niggers throughout have assured me there would be no doubt
about getting plenty of the eggs at ‘wind time,’ 7.¢., south-east trades. Well these winds have not yet
set in, but my black boys have returned unsuccessful in finding more, after being 10 days out searching
for them, and they cast a gloom over me by saying ‘ too many picaninni jump up,’ meaning young birds.
I call most birds by the name as known to the tribe ; Jaberoos, for instance, they know as ‘ Catonga.’
By adopting this plan even other tribes can follow me. Many intelligent black boys described the
number of eggs in a sitting as ‘full up’ or ‘big mob,’ meaning a quantity; on the other hand many
equally intelligent boys invariably hold up two fingers, while all agree that the birds either build on the
Mangroves low down, or in a tall tree ‘ all the same Eagle Hawk.’ The set of 2 eggs posted was taken
from a large stick nest placed high up in a big Gum tree (Eucalypt.)” The egg which got damaged
coming through the post was a little larger than the specimen now in the collection, of which I have
given the measurements above. It is very small for such a large bird to lay, and is a round oval in
shape, and of a dirty white colour, free from markings, except nest stains. The shell is rather coarse
and granular, and slightly glossy. If the ends are examined carefully with a lens, here and there will
be seen isolated pittings, as if made with the point of a pin. I saw this fine bird on the Clarence
River swamps of New South Wales during August of 1891, but have not seen it since. The only eggs
of the Jabiru recorded from the latter locality, were taken by John L. Ayers, during August of 1887,
and the pair measured in inches :—Specimen A. = 2°93 x 2°10; Specimen B. = 2°92 x arr2. The
Jabiru flies very slowly, and measures when fully extended, from the feet to the tip of the bill, a little
over six feet, the measurement across the open wings being in one case seven feet five inches. The
weight of the bird averages from 1o} to rq pounds.

BLACK SWAN,
Chenopsis atvata, Latham.
(This bird is known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district as ‘* Ul-der-gun.”’)

Set of 4 eggs, taken on 26th August, 1894, on a swamp east of the Lake, near South Grafton,
Clarence River, N.S.W., by W. McEnerny, Frank and Sid. W. Jackson. Two other nests were found,
one containing one egg, and the other two, which we left until the following week, in order to get
clutches. However, on revisiting the spot seven days later, we found to our great disappointment the
eggs had disappeared, and the nests were pulled to pieces. Probably the duck shooters came across
them, and deprived us of our bespoken specimens. The nests were very large, and constructed ot
sticks, masses of rushes, and aquatic reeds heaped up well above the water, while the hollows or centres
of them were lined with dead leaves of the Swamp Mahogany, and a few green ones of the Red
Eucalyptus. Specimen A. measures = 4°03 x 2°66.

159

A.J.
Data Campbell's No. of

No.
675

679

No. in

Book.

762

Eggs.

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

EMU,
Dyromeus nove hollandia, Latham.
Three eggs, taken near Cunnamulla, South-western Queensland, during season 1896, by S. Robinson.
Specimen A. measures = 5°44 x 3°63.

SPOTTED EMU,
Dromeus irrovatus, Bartlett.

Two eggs, taken on the north coast of Western Australia during season 1898. I received them
from Dudley Le Souef, of the Zoological Gardens, Melbourne. They are darker, and the granulations
smaller and more closely set together, than in those of the common Emu. Specimen A. measures =
5°01 x 3°36. Specimen B. measures = 5*or x 3°48. This Spotted Emu is confined to the west
and north-west of Australia, and the interior portions of South Australia.

EMU,
Dromeus nove hollandie, Latham.

One egg, a white specimen, which was found ina nest with others of the normal colouring. It
was not taken from the the oviduct of the bird as some might suppose. The man who found it has
taken them in nests on several occasions. The shell is rough and granulated, while beneath the white
surface layer there is one of blue, and under that white again. It was found by Jos. George, during
season 1900, near Mount Harris, Macquarie River, N.S.W., and measures = 5°23 x 344. The
Zoological Society has lately added to its collection at Moore Park, Sydney, a bird which is indeed a
vaya avis. This interesting zoological curiosity is a White Emu, and strange to say it was found at
Cobar, N.S.W., not far from Mount Harris, from which place the white egg under notice was taken.
Though instances of albinos occur with more or less frequency in numbers of species of animal life,
they are of great rarity among Emus.

CASSOWARY,
Casuarius australis, Wall.

One egg, taken from a nest in the scrubs near Cairns, North Queensland, by Archie Craig, on the
rgth of August, 1891, during a survey expedition. This bird, which is confined to the coastal scrubs
of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, has now become very scarce, and its eggs are seldom met
with. At one time they were very plentiful, and formed a good food supply for the aborigines. This
rare specimen measures = 5°25 x 3°58, and is of a beautiful light pea-green colour, being quite
different to those of the Emu. One well known Australian oologist, viz., Dudley Le Souéf, who had
been trying to obtain one of these eggs for many years, only succeeded in 1898. During his visit to
England that year, to attend the Zoological Congress at Cambridge, he was invited by the Hon.
Walter Rothschild to inspect his grounds and museum at Tring, the Jatter being the largest private
institution of its kind in the world. Among the many birds alive there, and breeding in captivity, were
a pair of Australian Cassowaries, the hen bird of which had been sitting on some eggs for a consider
able time, but they were evidently unfertilized. He was surprised, however, when the honourable
gentleman presented him with these rare specimens for his collection at Melbourne, in far off Australia.
He had actually to go to London to collect the eggs of the Queensland Cassowary.

BENNETT'S CASSOWARY OR MOORUK,
Casuarius Bennetti, Gould.
(See Gould's ‘* Handbook to the Birds of Australia,"’ Vol. ii, page 561, spm. 18.)

Although this is not an Australian bird, I have decided to keep this rare egg in the collection,
firstly, because it belongs to a Cassowary which is very rapidly becoming extinct, and, secondly, on
account of it inhabiting New Britain, north of Queensland. Probably the bird existed in the Cape
York Peninsula of Queensland, before New Guinea and New Britain were cut one from the other, and
separated by water from Australia. That New Guinea and Australia were at one time united is

160

owe

ft epee

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL CCLLECTION.

When collecting in the Clarence and

Sip. W. Jackson tree climbing with tree-irons or spurs, at Chatswood, Sydney.
Richmond River districts of N.S.W., the spurs were frequently brought into operation, being found very useful, but of course

only in cases where the tree was not too thick, and the climber was enabled with safety to obtain a firm hold.

161

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

acknowledged to be correct. In assuming this, one important connecting link is that the land shells
(snails) found in the scrubs at the northern portion of the Cape York Peninsula, are identical with some
of the species found in the scrubs on the south-coast of New Guinea. Adverting to the egg under
notice, which was collected at New Britain during season of 1896, it is not surprising to find that it is
very like that of the Queensland Cassowary, being of a greenish-white ground colour, covered with
beautiful pea-green granulations, which are finer and smoother than in most specimens laid by the
latter bird. On this egg, here and there, the granulations are confluent, and assume the form of
straight ridge-like lines without interstices, along both sides being narrow open spaces of the greenish-
white ground colour. Out of the sixteen of these straight ridges, the longest measures = 2°64 inches,
and is only ‘o7 of an inch wide, and gives the egg quite a “cracked” appearance at first glance. The
specimen under notice measures in inches = 5°22 x 3°65. The late Dr. Geo. Bennett, M.D., F.Z.S.,
etc., of Sydney, writing on this species in 1857, states:—‘‘I consider this to be one of the most
important additions to ornithology I have ever brought before the scientific world. It is a member of
nearly an extinct family of birds, a remnant of a group which played an important part in the economy
of nature in periods long gone bye.” The Mooruk is rather a smaller and shorter bird than the
Cassowary of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, but the eggs are much alike both in size and
colour, while the bird frequents the same class of scrubby situations as the Queensland species. The
first pair of birds were found by Captain Devlin at New Britain, in 1856, and they arrived alive at the
Zoological Societies Gardens, in London, on the 29th of May, 1858.

162

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Aig XB Tic AL, TNvire

Adelaide Rosella Parrot ..
Albatross, Black-browed..

a Short-tailed

fe Wandering ..

“4 White-capped..
Albert Lyre Bird
Albert Rifle Bird of Paradise
Allied Fruit Pigeon
Australian Dotterell 50
Australian Raven
Avocet, Red-necked ©

Babbler AG
Chestnut-crowned
Red-breasted

= White-browed ..
Bald Coot
Bald Coot, Blue
Banded Finch ..
Banded Stilt
Banded Wren
Banks’ Dove Petrel
Bare-eyed Cockatoo
Barnard Brush Turkey
Barred Cuckoo Shrike
Barred-shouldered Dove ..
Beautiful Parrakeet
Bee Eater
Bell Bird (Oreoica)
Bell Miner cs 55

”

58
134-135
124

60
24
153
92
13
28
137
23

Betcherrygah or Warbling Grass Parrakeet 29

Bird of Paradise, Albert ..

” Md ”
sn a Victoria
Bittern

ri Little Mangrove...
Black and White Fantail
Black and White Swallow
Black Cockatoo, Red-tailed
Black Cormorant, Large. .
Little...

” ”

Black Duck

of N.S. Wales ..

Yellow-necked Mangrove ..

124
115-123
123
143
143
144

“aaannwnrn sa
ow we ee

B.— Continued. PaGe. B.— Continued. Pace.
Black Falcon 43 Blue-bellied Lorikeet 25
Black Honey Eater 82 Blue-faced Honey Eater + 84
Black Moor Hen 142 Blue-faced Lorilet ae oe 28
Black Oyster Catcher 62 | Blue-winged Grass Parrakeet .. 27
Black Swan .. a 159 | Boobook Owl .. 124
Black Tree Creeper oF ay 10 | Bower Bird, Queensland 14
Black-backed Gull ae ae 61 aI » Regent 111 to 114
Black-backed Magpie 138-139 ma . Satin ..106 to 111
Black-backed Quail 33 ~ ., Spotted 114
Black-backed Wren 5 | Bristle Bird ae 20-21
Black-banded White Face 67 | Broad-billed Dove Petrel = 61
Black-billed Spoonbill 156 | Broad-tailed Tit ¥,, a 2
Black-breasted Plover 147 | Bronze Cuckoo : 11-69
Black-breasted Quail 33 | ie = Little .. Pr. 72
Black-breasted Song Lark 62 -_ = Narrow-billed 3-11-69-70-78
Black-browed Albatross .. 58 | Bronze-winged Pigeon .. se 12
Black-capped Tree Runner 66 | Brown Flycatcher te A 76-77
Black-cheeked Falcon 42 | a Ey Lesser 7
Black-chinned Honey Eater 83 | Brown Fly Eater oe ee 73
Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike 91 | Brown Hawk.. s oa 49
Black-faced Flycatcher .. 75-76 | Brown Hawk, Striped .. te 49
Black-faced Wood Swallow 8 | Brown Honey Eater .. < 83
Black-fronted Dotterell 34-35 Brown Kingfisher 135
Black-headed Pardalote . . 1 | Brown Quail .. we aa 32
Black-naped Tern 50 | Brown Scrub Wren 63-64
Black-necked Stock or Jabiru 159 | Brown Thrush 90
Black-rumped Grass Finch 4 |BrownTit .. oe oe 2
Black-shouldered Kite .. 40-41-42 | Brown Tree Creeper .. aa 10
Black-tailed Native Hen 142 | Brown-backed Honey Eater oe 83
Black-tailed Parrakeet .. 27 | Brown-headed Honey Eater es ot |
Black-tailed Thickhead. . 9 | Brown-winged Tern... “ jl
Black-throated Butcher Bird 140 Brush or Scrub Turkey 153-154
Black-throated Fly Eater 73 hoooM » Barnard .. 158
Black-throated Grass Finch 4 | Brush Bronze-winged Pigeon .. 12
Black-throated Grebe 7 152 | Brush Wattle Bird 4 es 86
Black-throated Coach Whip Bird 23 | Buff-bellied Thrush 90
Black-winged Crow Shrike 140 | Buff-romped Tit ** .
Blood Bird Honey Eater 8] | Bush Chat, Orange-fronted se 70
Blood-stained Cockatoo. . 24 er » Tri-coloured .- 70
Blue Bald Coot 142) » 1» White-fronted 70
Blue Flycatcher 15) » Yellow-breasted - 71
Blue Kingfisher 136 | Bush Curlew .. 147
Blue Wren : 5-6 | Bush Lark e 63
fy fr Long-tailed 5 | Bustard or Wild Turkey 154

163

B,— Continued.
Butcher Bird, Black-throated

” » Grey

i; » Pied

in » Tasmanian ae
” » White-winged

C.
Campephaga, Jardine’s. .
Canary, Native
Cape Barren Goose
Cuspian Tern ..
Cassowary 40
7° Bennett's... oe

Cat Bird

” Spotted
Caterpillar Catcher
” + Pied

" ”

Channel Bill
Chat, Orange-fronted Bush

,, Tri-coloured Bush

,, White-fronted Bush

», Yellow-breasted Bush
Chestnut-backed Ground Bird
Chestnut-bellied Quail ..
Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo 60
Chestnut-breasted Finch
Chestnut-crowned Babbler
Chestnut-eared Finch .
Chestnut-ramped Ground Wren ..
Chestnut-rumped Pardalote
Chestnut-rumped Tit
Chough, White-winged . .
Coach Whip Bird ne
;, Black-throated
Northern

Cockatoo, Bare-eyed
re Blood-stained
+ Gang Gang ..
a Long-billed

an Parrakeet

yj Red-tailed Black

“ Rose-breasted

A White “4 =o

Comb-erested Parra or Jacana

Common or Grey Heron

Common Sandpiper

Coot .. ne AC ae
» Bald aa od ae
», Blue Bald

Cormorant, Large Black

+ Large Pied..

> Little Black -

¥ Little Black and White

3, White-breasted ee
Coucal, or Swamp Pheasant ne

Crake, Little

White shouldered

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

Pace.

140
141
140
141
140

92-93-94
72

160
160-162
114-115
115
92-93-94
95

96
138-139
70

24 |

36-37-38-39

146
36
142

—
Anan ® &
to 0S 8 tS

53-

enw a uw
wow

INDEX—Continued.

C.— Continued.
| Crake, Spotted -
» White-browed ..

PAGE.

Crane, or Native Companion 158

| Crane, White .. - oe 144

Creeper, Black Tree .. aA 10

o Brown Tree 10

35 White-throated 10

Crescent Honey Eater .. 82

Crested Hawk .. 48

Crested Penguin 58

Crested Pigeon 14

| Crested Tern .. 49-50

5 ». Lesser 51

| Crimson Parrakeet 27

| Crimson-winged Lory 25

Crimson Finch ae aie 4

Crow.. A 138

| |, Short-billed 138

| ,, Shrike, Pied 140

|); Po Black-winged 140

los s Grey 140

- a Aill 140

7 ny Leaden .. 140

5 sj Sooty 5 140

Cuckoo, Bronze a ae 11-69

a Channel Bill 138-139

“A Chestnut-breasted 4

‘7 Coucal “is nc 29

Hy Fantailed . 5-11-21-63-65-102

ns Koel .. 100-101

nf Little Bronze . < 72

| ss Narrow-billed Bronze, 3-11-69-70-78

| ,, Pallid 8-74-80-83-86-88

or Square-tailed .. « -9-77-78-79

Cuckoo Shrike, Barred .. ee 92

A + Black-faced 9L

Pa ‘i Ground.. 91

1 5 Little .. a0 92

BS - Small-billed ae 91

E PA White-bellied .. 92

Curlew, Bush .. 147

Curlew, Sea 150-151
D,

| Darter, Snake-necked 54

| Diamond Sparrow 4

Diving Petrel .. 60

Dollar Bird or Roller 30

| Dotterell, Australian .. os 34

a Black-fronted AN 34-35

+5 Hooded ae a 35

55 Red-capped se 34

e Red-kneed .. FY B4

* Ringed B5

| Dove, Barred-shouldered 13

» Ground.. Se AP 13

oy uittle 5 a if 13

164

D.—Continued.

| Dove Petrel .. a 60
Dove Petrel, Broad-billed 61
Dove Petrel Banks’ 60
Dragoon Bird .. 96-97
Drongo ae a 20
Duck, Black .. ‘se . 55

» Freckled 56

» Mountain 55

+ Musk ; 55

» Pink-eared : 57

» Plumed Whistler aio 57

» Shoveller a ae 55

» Teal aA 56

» Teal, Grey A 56

» Teal, White-quilled Goose. . 56

» Whistling as 57

» White-eyed ox 56

» Wood * 55

Dusky, Fantail 79

Dusky, Robin .. ee 6

Dusky Miner .. ve 88
E.

Eagle, Little .. a2 48

.. Wedge-tailed 44

» Whistling ‘ 46-47

». White-bellied Sea 44-45

», White-headed Sea 2 46

Eastern Swallow 72

Egret. Large .. lid

» Little Spotless 144-145

Emu.. ne “5 160

», Spotted 160

Emu Wren .. ae on 6
F.

Fairy Dove Petrel 60

Fairy Martin .. . 71

Fairy Penguin oe . 59

Falcon, Black-cheeked .. 42

» Black.. o. * 43

Grey ee 43

» Little .. +: 43

Fantail, Black and White 75

a Dusky ae on 79

A Northern Black and White 75

; Northern 5 79

a Rufous se 79-80

_ Western he 79

- White-fronted .. aA 79

. White-shafted 78-79

Fantailed Cuckoo 5-11-21-63-65-102

Fig Bird ety =e ae 98

~~: Yellow-bellied A 99

Field Wren an vs 62

a . Little ae - 63

bf », Striated - 62

Finch, Banded es sie 4

F —Continued.

Finch Black-rumped Grass

,, Black-throated Grass

,, Chestnut-breasted

5, Chestnut-eared ..

,, Crimson

» Fire-tailed

;, Gouldian Grass ..
Long-tailed Grass
Plum-head 50
Red-browed ae
» Ringed o6
Spotted-sided ..
Fire-tailed Finch
Flame-breasted Robin ..

Flock Pigeon ..
Flycatcher, Black- ee
mF Blue
55 Brown
x Lesser
+ Leaden-coloured
Pt Restless aS
Hf, Satin 58

A} Shining ae
wn Spectacled ..
White-bellied
Fly Eater, Black-throated

“4 Brown 0
a Large-billed..
5 Southern ..

35 White-throated
Forest Kingfisher
Forty-spotted Pardalote

Freckled Duck 54
Freckled Frogmouth
Friar Bird... ae
» » Helmeted
sy CO Dittle 45
+» Silvery-crowned
» oy Yellow-throated

Frigate Bird, Lesser ..
Frogmouth, Freckled

6 Marbled ..
Plumed
Tasmanian

= Tawny a
Fruit Pigeon, Allied
Purple-breasted

” ”

ry A Purple-crowned
Fy iy Red-crowned

” ” Rose-crowned

White-headed
Belvous: fronted Honey Eater
Fuscous Honey Eater ..

Ga,
Gang Gang Cockatoo
Gannet..

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

INDEX—Continued.

PAGE. G,— Continued. PAGE

4 | Giant Petrel .. Fe Ae 59

4 | Glossy Ibis... oe ee 158

3 | Goose, Cape Barren 55

4 » Pied , 55

4 | Goose Teal, White- quilled 56

4 | Goshawk A ee AS 40

3 7H Grey 39

3 ~ Lesser 40

4 | ¥ Lesser White. 39

3 | » Red.. 48

4 | A White ne 39

4 | Gouldian Grass Finch .. <6 3

4 | Grass Bird 68

7 “ » Tawny fe 68

14 | Grass Finch, Black-rumped Rn 1

75-76 a 4 Black-throated 4

) “¢ » Gouldian.. : 3

76-77 a3 Re Long-tailed fie 3

77 | Grass Parrakeet 27

CES rg + Blue-winged 27

74 5 Orange-bellied .. 28

Ua y Red-shouldered . . 29

(55 |e Ps Warbling ae 29

77-78 | Grass Warbler 68-69

78 | Grass Wren eis es 63

73 ” Sam tbiatedis <r. we 63

73 | Grebe, Black-throated .. ss 152

73 | ., Hoary-headed 152

73 » Tippet.. 151

72 | Green Pigeon, Little 14

136 | Green-backed White Eye 67

1 | Grey Butcher Bird 141

56 | Grey Crow Shrike 140

126 | Grey Falcon .. ae we 43

88-89 | Grey Goshawk 39

89 | Grey Heron : 146

89 | Grey Jumper .. ae ee 20

89 | Grey Noddy Tern 51

89 | Grey Thrush .. 90

62 | Grey Teal 56

126 | Grey-backed Storm Pettel 60

126 | Grey-breasted Shrike Robin ne 7
126 | Grey-breasted Wood Swallow

126 | Grey-tailed Thickhead .. “yf 9

125 | Ground Bird, Chestnut-backed 97

12 » Spotted 97

13 Ground Cuckoo Shrike .. 91

13 | Ground Dove .. 13

13 Ground Lark .. 63

14 | Ground Thrush - 97

15-16| ,, ». Large-billed 98

82 Re ‘ Russet. . 98

81 | Ground Wren, Chestnut-rumped. . 9

| Gull, Black-backed 61

25 ,, Gould’s Silver ai “i 61

52 ». Great Skua ts .* 61

165

G,— Continued. Pace.
Gull, Pacifie .. 61
» Silver 61
Gull-billed Tern 51
H,

Harmonious Thrush 90
Harrier, Spotted 49
” or Swamp Hawk 49
Hawk, Crested 48
» Brown.. 49

» Hagle .. 44

» Nankeen Kestrel 43

» Sparrow ik 40

» Striped Brown .. 49

» Swamp 49

| Helmeted Friar Bird 89
Hen, Native 142
»» Black-tailed Native 142
Heron, Grey 146
» Night or Nankeen “ 146

», Pacific or White- ee “65 145

» Reef 146

», White-fronted 146

os White-necked 145
Hill Crow Shrike 140
Hoary-headed Grebe .. 152
Honey Eater, Bell Miner Ae 87
Honey Eater, Black .. ae: 82
” » Black-chinned eye 83

” , Blood 81

af », Blue-faced s4

i » Brown 83

5 », Brown-backed 83

“e » Brown-headed 4

“ » Brush Wattle Bird 86

ie » Crescent .. wid 82

» » Dusky Miner a 88

o: » Fulvous-fronted 82

ee », Fuscous Sl

- ,, Helmeted Friar Bird 89

va ., Leather Head 88

- » Little Friar Bird 89

ae , Little Wattle Bird.. 85

+ » Long-billed 82

oy » Moustached 82

7, » Pied 81

” » Red-throated 83

11 » Red Wattle Bird 86

* » Rufous-breasted 83

a » Silvery-crowned Friar Bird 89

a » Soldier Bird 88

a », Spine Bill s4

- » Singing 80

ne » Spiny-cheeked 86

“* » Striped .. oe 80

- ,. Strong-billed 43

fe » Western White-naped S4

H.— Continued.

Honey Eater, White-bearded

” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”

White-breasted
White-browed Spine Bill
White-cheeked
White-eared
White-fronted
White-naped
White-plumed nf
White-quilled
Yellow-eared of
Yellow-faced
Yellow-spotted

Yellow-throated Friar Bird

Yellow-throated
Yellow-throated Miner
Yellow-tufted

Yellow Wattle Bird

Hooded Dotterell
», Robin..

Ibis, Glossy

» Straw

-necked

» White

Jabiru

Jacana, or Comb-crested Parra ..

Jackass, Laughing

Jardine’s Campephaga ..

Jumper, Grey ..

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

159

36 to 39

135

92-93-94

Kestrel, Nankeen 43
King Lory 25
King Penguin. . oe ee 58
King Quail 33
Kingfisher, Blue 136
ae Brown 135

ss Forest 136

+ Leach 136

pa Purple wa 137

a Red-backed .. 136

on Sacred 136

m5 Tasmanian .. 137

- White-tailed 136
Kite .. Ne are 40
», Black-shouldered 40-41-42
,, Letter-winged 42
» Square-tailed 40
Koel or Flinder’s Cuckoo 100-101

Lambert’s Wren ; 5
Large-billed Fly Eater .. 73
Large-billed Ground Thrush 98
Large-billed Scrub Wren 65
Large Black Cormorant 52
Large-headed Robin 7

INDEX—Continued.

L.— Continued.

Large Pied Cormorant ..
Large-tailed Nightjar
Lark, Black-breasted Song

A EI a oe

» Ground..

» Magpie..

+ Rufous Song

+» song
Laughing Jackass
Leach Kingtisher
Leaden Crow Shrike
Leaden-coloured Flycatcher
Leather Head .. oe
Lesser Brown Flycatcher
Lesser Crested Tern
Lesser Frigate Bird ..
Lesser Goshawk
Lesser Large-headed Robin
Lesser Masked Owl
Lesser Noddy ..
Lesser Pitta

Lesser Rufous-breasted Thrush ..

Lesser White Goshawk..
Letter-winged Kite

Lewin or Slate-breasted Rail
Little Black Cormorant. .

Little Black and White Cormorant

Little Bronze Cuckoo
Little Crake ..
Little Cuckoo Shrike
Little Dove
Little Eagle
Little Faleon ..
Little Field Wren
Little Friar Bird
Little Green Pigeon
Little Lorikeet
Little Mangrove Bittern
Little Nightjar
Little Penguin
Little Quail
Little Spotless Egret
Little Thrush ..
Little Tit
Little Wattle Bird
Little Wood Swallow
Log Runner, Spine-tailed
Long-billed Cockatoo
Long-billed Honey Eater
Long-billed Magpie
Long-billed Reed Warbler
Long-tailed Blue Wren
Long-tailed Grass Finch
Lorikeet, Blue-bellied

» Little

” Musk

97
91
39
42
31

52 |

53-54
72
32
92

143
126-127
58

144-145
91

L.— Continued. PAGE.
Lorikeet, Purple-crowned ar 29
., Red-collared .. +. 26
» Sealy-breasted uae 26
» Swift a a 27
Lorilet, Blue-faced =e "- 28
Lory, Crimson-winged .. oe 25
yn ea os ae 25
Lyre Bird, Prince Albert's +» 134-185
+ 5, Of New South Wales .. 128-133
» 9, Queen Victoria’s ae 134
M.
Magpie, Black-backed .. -. 138-139
» Long-billed .. ae 139
» Tasmanian .. ne 139
» White-backed .. ts 138
Magpie Lark .. an oe 22-23
Mallee Fowl .. ae 50 152
Mallee Parrakeet a Ae 27
Mangrove Bittern, Little se 143
ee - Yellow-necked 144
Many-coloured Parrakeet es 28
Marbled Frogmouth .. Ae 126
Marsh Tern .. Ac ae 51
Martin, Fairy .. we 71
Martin, Tree .. ae a 71
| Masked Plover oo ad 148
Masked Wood Swallow .. oe 8
| Miner, Bell .. xa a 87
» Dusky.. an =. 88
» Soldier Bird is a 88
» Yellow-throated.. ee 88
Mistletoe Bird.. a “i 69
Moor Hen, Black at A 142
» + Rufous-tailed 5 143
Mooruk “i ve +» 160-162
Mountain Duck : = 55
Moustached Honey Eater “s 82
Musk Duck .. AS ae 55
Musk Lorikeet na ae 27
N.
Nankeen Heron an Ac 146

Nankeen Kestrel me 43
Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo, 3-11-69-70-78

Native Canary.. 72
Native Companion 158
Native Hen .. me as 142
A », Black-tailed.. 5 142
Night Heron .. is sie 146
Nightjar, Large-tailed .. 127
A Little 126-127

ty Spotted aa ay 127

» White-throated ae 127
Noddy oo Se ae 51
pe TEMGKA Se oe x 51

» Lesser .. i be 51

N. Continued.
Noisy Serub Bird, Rufous ar
Northern Coach Whip Bird =

Northern Fantail aS

Northern Oriole 55

Northern Swamp Quail.. os

Northern Thickhead

Nutmeg Pigeon Re a
oO.

Olive Thickhead oe oS

Orange-backed Wren .. oe

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

PAGE.

16 to 19
23

101

Orange-bellied Grass Parrakeet .. 28

Orange-fronted Bush Chat 70

Orange-winged Tree Runner 66

Oriole Si 95 99-100

» Northern oe oo 101

» Yellow .. Ag 56 101

Oriental Pratincole 50 35

Osprey, White-headed .. 46

Owl, Boobook .. 124

,, Lesser Masked 125

Oyster Catcher, Black .. 62

4 =f Picdiamrste 62
=

Pacific Gull .. te a6 61

Painted Quail .. Bre ic 33

Painted Snipe.. aC 34

Pale-bellied White Eye.. 67

Pale-headed Parrakeet .. ae 25

Pallid Cuckoo .. .. 8-74-80-83-86-88

Parra, Comb-crested 36 to 39

Parrakeet, Beautiful .. 28

* Black-tailed .. 27

PA Blue-winged Grass .. 27

in Cockatoo 27

Se Crimson 27

* Grass 27

a Mallee ce 27

“4 Many-coloured ; 28

“fi Orange-bellied Grass .. 28

oo Pale-headed .. 25

Bs Red-backed .. é 28

as Red-shouldered Grass. . 29

Red-vented .. 28

= Warbling Grass 29

5 Yellow 27

RS Yellow-vented 28

Parrot, Rosella ae 25

Pardalote, Black-headed 1

ra Chestnut-rumped 2

. Forty-spotted 1

“f Red-browed .. 2

ra Red-tipped .. oF 1

ss Spotted “$3 os 1

= Yellow-rumped 2

Yellow-tipped 1

INDEX—Continued.

P.— Continued.

Partridge Pigeon as ae
Pectoral Rail ..
Pelican af ais ‘
Penguin, Crested a aA

a Fairy

+ King

+5 Little 7

A Royal Me 55

Petrel, Banks’ Dove a
», Broad-billed Dove
» Diving .. ae ere
» Dove
;, Fairy Dove nS
ay Gent. =. a 3%
», Grey-backed Storm
», Short-tailed ve Se
,, Wedge-tailed .. =
» White-faced Storm wa

Pheasant Pigeon

Pied Butcher Bird

Pied Caterpillar Catcher

Pied Cormorant as ae

Pied Crow Shrike

Pied Goose ee re

Pied Honey Eater “e 35
| Pied Oyster Catcher ..

Pigeon, Allied Fruit
», Bronze-winged ..
» Brush Bronze-winged
» Crested c
ee Block... Ac
» Little Green
» Nutmeg
» Partridge
» Pheasant as ee
» Purple-breasted Fruit ..
» Purple-crowned Fruit ..
,, Red-crowned Fruit
» Rock
,. Rose-crowned Fruit
» ‘Lop-knot
., White-bellied Plumed
,. White-headed Fruit
», Wonga Wonga ..
Pink-eared Duck
Pink-breasted Robin
Pitta, or Dragoon Bird ..
» Wesser .. ae Px
». Rainbow
Plain Wanderer rs
Plover, Black-breasted ..
» Masked
» Spur-winged
», Stone ..
Plum-head Finch
Plumed Frogmouth

167

P.— Continued,
Plumed Whistler Duck ..
Pratincole

a Oriental

Purple-breasted Fruit Pigeon
Purple-crowned Fruit Pigeon,
Purple-crowned Lorikeet
Purple Kingfisher “

Q.
Quail, Black-backed
» Black-breasted

» Brown .. BS
» Chestnut-bellied ..
» King
» Little

» Northern Swamp

» Painted..

» Red-chested

,» Stubble.. ie
» Tasmanian Swamp
» White-bellied

Queensland Bower Bird..
Queensland Scrub Fowl..
R,
Rail, Pectoral ..
», Slate-breasted

| ,, Red-necked

| Rainbow Pitta. . ae
Raven ae Dr
Red Bill
Red Goshawk ..
Red Throat “f
Red Wattle Bird re

Red-backed Kingfisher ..
Red-backed Parrakeet
Red-backed Wren
Red-breasted Babbler ..
Red-browed Finch ie
Red-browed Pardalote
Red-capped Dotterell
Red-capped Robin
Red-chested Quail mp
Red-collared Lorikeet
Red-crowned Fruit Pigeon
Red-kneed Dotterell
Red-necked Avocet
Red-necked Rail
Red-rumped Tit

Red-shouldered Grass Parrakeet ..

Red-tailed Black Cockatoo
Red-tailed Tropic Bird ..
Ned-throated Honey Eater
Red-throated Thickhead
Red-tipped Pardalote
Red-vented Parrakeet ..
Red-winged Wren

PAGE.

137

152

R.— Continued.
Reed Warbler .. a
1 ” Long-billed
Reef Heron
Regent Bird

Restless Flycatcher

ee ll
oe ll
oe 146
..111 to 114
. 74

Rifle Bird of Paradise of N.S.W...115 to 123

Albert

” ” ” ”

Ringed Dotterell
Ringed Finch..
Robin, Dusky ..

» Flame-breasted..
Grey-breasted Shrike
» Hooded
, Large-headed
,, Lesser Large-headed
Pink-breasted
» Red-capped
,, Rose-breasted
» Scarlet-breasted
», White-breasted ..

» White-browed
;, Yellow-breasted Shrike
Yellow-rumped Shrike

Victoria ..

124
123

ue
ii

IAN VW. AI OAAVS RE

acs

+ :
Rock Pigeon aa 16
Rock Warbler ..101 to 106
Roller or Dollar Bird ah 30
Roseate Tern .. te 51
Rose-breasted Cockatoo 24
Rose-breasted Robin 7
Rose-crowned Fruit Pigeon 14
Rosella 25

,, Adelaide 27
Royal Penguin 58
Rufous Fantail 30 79-80
Rufous Serub Bird 16 to 19
Rufous Song Lark 63
Rufous-breasted Honey Eater 83
Rufous-breasted Thrush 6 90

“P 3 » Lesser .. 91
Rufous-breasted Thickhead 10
Rufous-tailed Moor Hen 143
Russet Ground Thrush. . 98

Ss.

Sacred Kingfisher sc 136
Sandpiper, Common 36
Satin Bower Bird ..106 to 111
Satin Flycatcher ee 74
Scaly-breasted Lorikeet an 26
Searlet-breasted Robin .. nS 7

Scrub Bird, Noisy
" » Rufous

Scrub Fowl, Queensland

Serub Tit

Scrub Wren, Brown

Large-billed

” ”

we) 2600 19
16 to 19

os 152
a 2
an 63-64

INDEX— Continued.

S. Continued.
Serub Wren, Spotted-throated
White-browed
Yellow-throated

Sea Curlew .. “5
Sea Eagle, White-bellied

” », White-headed
Shining Flycatcher
Shining Starling
Short-billed Crow
Short-billed Tree Tit
Short-tailed Albatross ..
Short-tailed Petrel
Shoveller Duck
Shrike Tit as
Shrike Robin, Grey-breasted
Yellow-breasted
Yellow-rumped

i Barred Cuckoo ..

35 Black-faced Cuckoo

- Black-winged Crow

“ Grey Crow

e Ground Cuckoo

a Hill Crow

st Leaden Crow

+ Little Cuckoo ..

Pr Pied Crow

ra Small-billed Cuckoo

” Sooty Crow

“ White-bellied Cuckoo
Silver Eye
Silver Gull
Silvery-blue Wren
Silvery-crowned Friar Bird
Singing Honey Eater
Skua Gull
Slate-breasted Rail
Small-billed Cuckoo Shrike
Snake-necked Darter
Snipe, Painted..
Soldier Bird
Song Lark es

» » Black-breasted

a » Rufous
Sooty Crow Shrike
Sooty Tern
Southern Fly Eater
Sparrow Hawk
Spectacled Flycatcher ..
Spine Bill AG an
Spine Bill, White-browed
Spine-tailed Log Runner
Spiny-cheeked Honey Eater
Spoonbill, Black-billed ..

A Yellow-legged

Spotted Bower Bird
Spotted Cat Bird

168

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

PAGE.

64
21-22
150-151
44-45

140

77-78

S.— Continued.
Spotted Crake...

Spotted Emu .. Se
Spotted Ground Bird ..
Spotted Harrier
Spotted Nightjar
Spotted Pardalote
Spotted-sided Finch
Spotted-throated Scrub Wren
Spur-winged Plover
Square-tailed Cuckoo
Square-tailed Kite
Starling, Shining
Stilt, Banded ..
;, White-headed
Stone Plover ..
Stock, Black-necked
Storm Petrel, Grey-backed
i », White-faced
Straw-necked Ibis
Striated Field Wren
Striated Grass Wren
Striated Tit
Striped Brown Hawk
Striped Honey Eater
Strong-billed Honey Eater
Stubble Quail .. SA
Sun Bird ae
Swallow, Black-faced Wood
Pe Black and White
sy Eastern
= Grey-breasted Wood
s Little Wood ..
Masked Wood
3 Welcome
3 White-bellied Wood
- White-browed Wood
. White-rumped Wood
A Wood
Swamp Coucal oe
Swamp Hawk..
Swan, Black

Swift Lorikeet ae
Tr
Tasmanian Butcher Bird
-f Frogmouth ..
PF Kingfisher ..
ns Magpie
+ Swamp Quail
PS Tit re
Tawny Frogmouth ot
», Grass Bird
Teal .. we 4
» Grey es A

», White-quilled Goose
Tern, Black-naped
» Brown-winged

PAGE

: 31

. 160
oe 97
49

. 127
1

: 4
. 65
oe 147
--5-77-78-79
ee 40
24

en 150
--148 to 150
a 147
ee 159
60

ee 158
62

oe 33
70

. 8

. 8
8

8
o. 8
ee 8
oe 29
49

a 159
o. 27
. 141
.. 126
ee 137
139

.- 32
2

oe 125
.- 68
56

. 56
os 56
. 50
e 51

T,.— Continued.
Tern, Caspian... ay
», Crested ..
» Grey Noddy
5, Gull-billed
», Lesser Crested
», Lesser Noddy

» Marsh .. ate
» Noddy .. - oe
» Panayan or Brown-winged. .
» Roseate .. AG
» Sooty .. A
eYUDIEe) 5. 50

, White-fronted
», White-winged
Ternlet, White-faced
AS White-shafted..
Thickhead, Black-tailed
ss Grey-tailed..

e Northern
Mt Olive
x Red-throated
“5 Rufous-breasted
An Western... oe
ee White-throated
Thrush, Brown ze
A Buif-bellied
0 Grey Harmonious
. Ground 50

a Ground, Large-billed
i Lesser Rufous-breasted
+ Little
An Rufous-breasted
: Russet Ground
Bs Whistling 25

Tippet, Grebe ..

Tit, Broad-tailed

» Brown

,, Buff-ruamped “6 ars
,, Chestnut-rumped ..

» Little Se ace

,, Red-rumped

» Serub AD Sr ue
», Short-billed Tree .. ar
+ Shrike

», Striated

» Tasmanian

» Yellow-rumped an
,, Yellow-tinted Tree ..

Top-knot Pigeon 56
Tree Creeper, Black
” ” Brown .. ae
" na White-throated ..
Tree Martin .. és :

Tree Runner, Black-capped oe
Orange-winged
White-headed ee

” ”

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL

oo)
wow w

=
wwe

ben!
pm we

INDEX— Continued.
T —Continued,
Tree Tit, Short-billed
Yellow-tinted ..

” ”

PAGE,

vat
71

COLLECTION.

Tricoloured Bush Chat . . 70
Tropic Bird, Red-tailed . 62
Turkey, Barnard Brush 153
7 Brush or Scrub 153-154 —
" Wild or Bustard 154
Turquoise Wren 4
AY
Victoria’s Lyre Bird ee 134
Victoria’s Rifle Bird of Paradise .. 123
Ww.
Wanderer, Plain 35
Wandering Albatross 57
Warbler, Grass 68-69
y) Long-billed Reed ll
“n Reed... ll
H Rock... .. LOL to 106
Warbling Grass Parrakeet 29
Wattle Bird, Brush 86
oe See 86
= » Little 85
= » Yellow 85
Wedge Bill 2
Wedge-tailed Petrel 60
Wedge-tailed Bagle 44
Welcome Swallow 71
Western Fantail 79
Western Thickhead ss 9
Western White-naped Honey Eater 84
Whip Bird 23
Whistling Duck 57
cf » Plumed 57
Whistling Eagle 46-47
Whistling Thrush 80
White Cockatoo 24
White Crane 144
White Eye “0 67
FA ,, Green-backed 67
a », Pale-bellied.. 67
White Face at 68
f ,, Black-banded 67
White Goshawk 39
wa - Lesser .. 39
White Ibis 157
White Tern 50
White-backed Magpie 138
White-backed Wren 6
White-bearded Honey Eater 82
White-bellied Cuckoo Shrike 92
White-bellied Flycatcher 78
White-bellied Plumed Pigeon 13
White-bellied Quail 33
White-bellied Sea Eagle 44-45
White-bellied Wood Swallow 8

169

W —Continued. PAGE,
White-breasted Cormorant 52
White-breasted Honey Eater 82
White-breasted Robin 6
White-browed Babbler .. 20
White-browed Crake 2
White-browed Robin 6
White-browed Serub Wren 4
White-browed Spine Bill R4
White-browed Wood Swallow 8
White-capped Albatross 58
White-cheeked Honey Eater 82
White-eared Honey Hater. . 81
White-eyed Duck ae 56
White-faced Storm Petrel 60
White-faced Ternlet 50
White-fronted Bush Chat 70
White-fronted Fantail - 79
White-fronted Heron .. ae 146
White-fronted Honey Hater 82

| White-fronted Tern 51
White-headed Fruit Pigeon 15-16
White-headed Osprey .. os 46
White-headed Sea Eagle 46

| White-headed Sittella Br 67
White-headed Stilt . 148 to 150
White-headed Tree Runner 67
White-naped Honey Eater as 83

| White-necked Heron 145
White-plumed Honey Eater 81
White-quilled Goose Teal 56
White-quilled Honey Eater 85
White-rum ped Wood Swallow 8
White-shafted Fantail .. 78-79
White-shafted Ternlet .. 5 50
White-shouldered Caterpillar Catcher 96
White-tailed Kingfisher -__ 136
White-throated Fly Eater <5 72

| White-throated Nightjar a 127
White-throated Thickhead 9
White-throated Tree Creeper 10
White-winged Butcher Bird 140
White-winged Chough .. 106
White-winged Tern ar 52
White-winged Wren 5
Wild Turkey .. 154
Wonga-Wonga Pigeon .. 12
Wood Duck 55
Wood Swallows 8
Wren, Banded.. on 5

». Black-bucked .. 5
» Blue 5-6
, Brown Serub * 63-64

Chestnut-rumped Ground .. 9

Emu .. os se 6
» Field .. os rr 62
» Grass .. es 63

W.— Continued

Wren, Lambert's

Large-billed Scrub
Little Field
Long-tailed Blue. .
Orange-backed
Red-backed
Red-winged an
Silvery-blue
Spotted-throated Serub

Striated Grass .. rag
Striated Field .. me
Turquoise ee

White-backed
White-browed Scrub Pr

PAGE.

6
64

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

INDEX—Continued.

W. Continued.
Wren, White-winged
» Yellow-throated Scrub

Yellow Oriole ..
Yellow Parrakeet
Yellow-bellied Fig Bird. .
Yellow-breasted Bush Chat
| Yellow-breasted Shrike Robin
Yellow-eared Honey Eater
Yellow-faced Honey Eater
Yellow-legged Spoonbill

Yellow-necked Mangrove Bittern. .

PAGR.

21-22

Y.— Continued.
Yellow-rumped Pardalote
Yellow-rumped Shrike Robin
Yellow-rumped Tit -$
Yellow-spotted Honey Eater
Yellow-throated Friar Bird
Yellow-throated Honey Eater
Yellow-throated Miner ..
Yellow-throated Scrub Wren
Yellow-tinted Tree Tit ..
Yellow-tipped Pardalote
Yellow-tufted Honey Eater
Yellow-vented Parrakeet
Yellow Wattle Bird ae

17u

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION,

CONTENTS OF CABINET.

Drawer. Number of Species Number of Eggs.
A. 14. 214
B. 39 140
C. 36 118
D. 38 115
KE. 29 149
F. 15 42
G. 12 36
H. 24 71
1 15 64
J. 29 47
K. 43 170
L. 49 168
M. 33 121
N. 24 75
er «| 24 16
12). 18 92
Q. li 89
R. 11 72
Ss. 11 12
Any 6 13

Cuckoos. 9 =

Total 526 Total 1914

The eggs belonging to nine species of Cuckoos,
and not including the Swamp Coucal, are repre-
sented in various sets of eggs in the collection, and

bring the total up to 526 different species.

ot. SRS

ef) F. W. WHITE, So
, Pripter,
344 Kent Street,
Sypyny,

THE JACKSONIAN OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

ADDITIONS.

While this volume was in the press, I made several interesting additions to the collection with
the eggs of Cuckoos, which had been deposited in the nests of foster parents, not previously included
in the collection. They were collected by myself in the bush at Chatswood, near Sydney, and are as
follows :—
Data No. 61A.— YELLOW-BREASTED SHRIKE RoBIN, set of 2 eggs, with one egg of the PaLiip
Cuckoo. Taken on 6th October, 1907.

Data No. 410A.—WHITE-THROATED FLy Earer, pair of eggs, with one egg of the Bronze
Cuckoo. Taken on 27th October, 1907.

Data No. 448A.—YELLow-racED Honey Eater, set of 3 eggs, with one egg of the Narrow-
BILLED BRONZE Cuckoo, ‘Taken on 27th October, 1907.

Data No. 384a.— WHITE EYE (Zosterops), one pair of eggs, with two eggs of the NARROW-BILLED
BronzE Cuckoo. Taken on 13th October, 1907.

Data No. 51A.—BLUE WREN, set of 4 eggs, with one egg of the Bronze Cuckoo. Taken on
17th November, 1907.

Data No. 436A.—WHITE-SHAFTED FanraiL, set of 2 eggs, with one egg of the FAN-TAILED
Cuckoo. ‘Taken on 29th October, 1907.

Many native names of birds, as known to the aborigines of the Clarence River district of New
South Wales, already appear in the book under the various headings; and the three following are
additional, viz. :—

RUFOUS-BREASTED THRUSH (page 90)— Dun-dar-bin.
LARGE-HEADED Rosin (page 7)—Dun-dar-in-gen.
CoucaL or Swamp PHEASANT (Page 29)—Be-bin-gera.

SUPPLEMENTARY.
The subject on page 1 is shown at less than one-twentieth of the natural size.
» ” aie LOWS nearly half of the natural size.

one-fifteenth of the natural size.
one-seventh of the natural size.

” ” ” 17 ”

” ” ” 2t ”

” rn a BOs; one-fourteenth of the natural size.
” » py Sel one-fifteenth of the natural size.
» ” ES Ol ass one-thirteenth of the natural size.
” » Bh a one-thirteenth of the natural size.
” ” pp one-sixth of the natural size.

” x 5g ie one-sixth of the natural size.

The set of 3 eggs of the Black-shouldered Kite, in data No. 248, page 41, was taken on the 31st
July, 1898. The photograph depicting the clutch of 4 eggs of the Black-shouldered Kite, of data No.
247, will be found on page 145, the block having arrived too late for its insertion on the correct page.

ERRATA.

The “ Bellinger” and “ Be//enger” frequently mentioned is one and the same river.

The word “ Dotterell ’’ should read ‘‘ Do¢t¢re/” throughout the book,

In data No. 285 (2nd line) “ containg ”” should read “‘ con/aining.”

The word “ pupa” on pages 18 and 132 should read “ pupa.”

In data No. 33 “ Rockhhmpton” should read “ Rockhampton.”

In data No. 332 ‘“‘ Macquarrie” should read “ Macguarte.”

In data No. 547A (page 106) the word measnres should read “ measures.”

In data No. 183 “ monntains” should read “ mountains.”

On page 96 “ White-shouldered Caterpillar Eater” should read “ White-shouldered Caterpillar
Catcher.”

In data No. 38 “ Torquoise Wren ” should read “ Turguoise.”

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Full text of "Egg collecting and bird life of Australia. Catalogue and data of the "Jacaksonian oological collection," illustrated with numerous photographs .."

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