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Agglutinantes )(( il^^]| ;) ^ ((LL^lJi)) ol*t!l (^U' r -^ )1 ) 
/*<• JDI Iju> ji^Jj ou > Agglomerrantes, ou, Synthetiques 

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aJUj liU-b 4 (( Prefixes iiL- d ^<> J-^S 1 J7 5 ^bwl cij^i 
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f*\ Bantous 

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<**»- ojjl \jlj i Ewden jjji Jjiii ijjbJl ^U <!YjU u_^j ijj — 5^ Vb ^"0 

r-jU- Jj_ ' r <ji coy Ulj c Ewler J/\ J_«i^i ttj^ ojj^X- UV *j^* ■' ■« -»! ' 

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)jj^jLj IjtU J*JJt *Y3* a* ^J^' V^ 9 ' » : ^^ ^ J^ <-'-°" S-^'J 4 -« fc ^" ^4^ ^r* 

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. cs 2u^ {4.*** <L*Ji *lj^ ab^j oUOl ciflbj ^ aIIjJI 

Je vois, je voyais, je vis 3 nous voyons, la vue, — vous voyez que 
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the Science of Languages is a social one. 

: <3*^1JI ^J* (^ l*L»*i jljru-J'j 

J'ajoute, J'ajouterai — tigre, tigresse 
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V. Renan :L'Origine du Langage, pp. 40 et suiv. 



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V. Vannier : «L'Esprit et les Maurs d'une nation d'apres sa langue» — 
Revue Pddagogique 1907^ T. 2 3 pp. 434-463. 



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acteur ;, les mensualites d'un journaliste ; le cusuel d'un cure ; 
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object of our book is...». 

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V. Dauzat, op. cit., 57, 78 



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Dauzat, op. cit., 79 (S> 



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fiU*^ lLufe« Jk }£« vivus ^"^l oL^IU . ^il^j^ij ^*lil 

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Sage L^-JS - dllaS' J-JLlI Ijla ^j . (JI^jV l-J^I iJ^Jj^ ^yi 

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J* J^^l <J jlkr cJlS - J£i . V^^' c/ homo ^ ^-^J 



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(( jL^ill)) J^S!' <y Uh*. jlT A2i 4 '<L^jJ}\ saoul ^ ^ ^y , ^ 
jc j^JI ^ jlj^JI J\a s** J U-lAiiJ ^5" ^ 4 ^ LUI ^ 

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4 C) V Oa^ CA^ts <jO eAft J^Jju <JI J^-j 4 J^l 

J\ oUOl J^r J V L— .Ml r ftt ^ j-Ul lift Jlj 

# l«5lk; J oVJaI! ^jiui Uij 4 J— ^' <y <ijl** cJlS* jL. 

£jjy> *OUI U-Tj J* *UJI ^ <«flL, jl j, . j^ _,! U- 

if jJ^ Cf •^" AsB i ^ J^* *o».j J«l*II lAft Jl c^t^-j AS Herzog 

. f) <IVoJI 

Ji ^ ^ UJtol / ylo US3\ J^A. ^_ U l^iTj _ ^ 

1 o'j-^J' a 1 jtr-i" J W^>-lj-= jlvre <jr ^c Saoul iUT o^'l Ji" V 0) 

. lillj j l^ Jj! p) o' 

V. Meillet, dans «L'Ann6e Sociologiquo T. 9, pp. 6, 7 et (y, 

Herzog : der Romai: ^chen Phlologie. 



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UJ" 1 — dj)-** JV' ^ruo ^y^Ij 4 galerien <^L^j ccU-j galeres 



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L^ili \3jZa j\^» lil j^Ai j-UJ 5-Uf ^^xVl *U-»i <y JUiV o*j' <JJU* ^y ^o) 

jt dJ3 J-^b • to boycott '^js <^jjV1 oUUI j i*AJj <U-t ^j . ^IjlL; ^ 

4 lt m Ml 015"^^ ^ 4T^p- pU'l J 4_Le ^^. ^ ^\f BOyCOt ^ , bJ_Jj\ Ujly 

p -*•%:■ ..U to boycott jjj -^^.l ^ -L^ij t ^"X«Jj +j\ j~? &^r o- ^j^* tf V^j^ 

( f.\\ .» boycotten <^JUV1j boycotter 4^. 'y}\ ) ^jjjVI oUUl ,ji*> Jl 

V. Meillet, op. cit., p. 29 



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Veste, casaquin, cabas, - . -.. . 

carosse, soupentes, briquet, pacotille, corvette, frigate, brulot, 
boulet, arpent, ecu, liard, toise... etc. n\ 

J* SJUJI oUO ^ _^T io^JI <iJUI ^ dUJtf ^1 j£_, 
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Igl* J5* Jpt* J».j besides, binocle, missive, visage, miroir 

Lunettes, lorgnon, \j^J >\j\, <LJI i^jlSU^l 4a j^ US' 
lettre, figure, glace 

aJWI £. l«rl_^,T p>t ^ a*, jl oLJJI Jb <J50! jl* _ r 
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Jr- tS^ 1 ^' ^ Jj^I Wj^- o* ^'^^ Wj^\ o^j*- 

Y. Dauzat., op. cit., 218 et suiv. (^) 
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i-jati^flVI £>1jU <**' — V^li 



1 — Baldwin : Le Developpement mental chez l'enfant et 

dans la race (trad. fr.). 

2 — Bally : Le Langage et la Vie. 

3 — Bally : Precis de Stylistique. 

4 — Berry : An Experimental study of Imitation. 

f> — Bloch : Les Premiers stades du Langage de l'enfant 
«J. de Psych. 1921». 

6 _ Boas : Handbook of American Indian Languages, 2 vols, 

Washington. 

7 — Brandenburg : Language development. 

8 — Breal : Essai de Semantique. 

9 _ Breal : Melange de Mythologie et de Linguistique. 

10 Brockelmann : Precis de Linguistique (trad. fr.). 

11 Claparede : Psychologie de TEnfant... etc. 

12 — Clodd : Story of the Alphabet (New York). 

13 — Crammont : Melanges Meillet. 

14 — Darmesteter : La Vie des Mots. 

15 Darmesteter : L'Expression des Emotions (trad. fr.). 

16 — Darwin : L'Origine des Especes (trad. fr.). 

17 — Dauzat : La Philosophic du Langage. 

18 — Dauzat : Les Patois. 

19 — Dauzat : La vie du Langage. 

20 — Dauzat : Etudes Linguistiques sur la Basse-Auvergne. 

21 — Delacroix : Le Langage et la Pensee. 

22 — Dumas et collaborateurs : Traite de Psychologie. 

23 Durkheim : Les Regies de la Methode Sociologique. 



- XXX _ 

24 — Durkheim : Les Formes elementaires de la Vie Reli- 

gieuse. 

25 — Durkheim : La Prohibition de l'lnceste, dans «L'Annee 

Sociologique» T. 1. 

26 — Gennep (Van) : Essai d'une theorie des Langues Spe- 

ciales (dans «Revue des Etudes Ethnographiques et So- 
ciologiques»). 

27 — Gillieron et Roques : Etude de Geographie Linguistique. 

28 — Ginneken : Principes de Linguistique psychologique. 

29 — Gramont : La Dissimilation. 

30 — Gregoire : Petit Trqite de Linguistique. 

31 — Guillaum : Limitation chez l'Enfant. 

32 — Hermann (Paul) : Etudes sur les Changements Phone- 

tiques. 

33 — Hovelacque : La Linguistique. 

34 — Jespersen : Language : its nature, development and ori- 

gin. 

35 — Jesperen : The Progress of Language. 

36 — Kohler : Llntelligence des Singes Superieurs (trad. fr.). 

37 — Larousse du XXe Siecle. 

38 — Leroy : Le Langage. 

39 — Levy Bruhl : Les Fonctions mentales dans les Societ& 

Primitives. 

40 — Malinowski : Primitive Language. 

41 — Mallery : Sign Language among the North American 

Indians. 

42 — Marichelle : L'Enseignement de la Parole aux sourd- 

muets. 

43 — Meillet : Comment les Mots changent de Sens (dans 

«L'Annee Sociologique» T. IX, pp. 3-33). 

44 — Meillet : Les Dialectes Indo-Europeennes. 

45 — Meillet : Introduction a l'Etude. Comparative des Lan- 

gues Indo-Europeennes. 

46 — Meillet : Les Langues dans l'Europe Nouvelle. 

47 — Meillet : Linguistique Historique et Linguistique gene- 

rale. 



- m - 

4g Meillel *>t Cohen (groupe de linguistes sous la direction 

de Meillet et Cohen) : Les Langues du Monde. 

49 _ Miiller (M."*x) : The Science of Language. 

50 _ Miiller (Max) . New Lectures on the Science of Lan- 

guage, 

51 Paulhan : La Double Fonction du Langage. 

52 — Pawlowitch : Le Langage enfantin. 

53 Piaget : Le Langage et la Pensee chez l'Enfant. 

54 — Renan : Histoire generale des Langues Semitiques. 

55 — Renan : L'Origine du Langage. 

56 _ Roudet : Elements de Phonetique generale. 

58 — Rousselot : Introduction a l'Etude des Patois. 

59 _ Rousselot : Les Modifications Phonetiques du Langage. 

60 — Rousselot : Principe de Phonetique experimentale. 
ol — Roustan : Psychologic 

62 — Sapir (E) : Langage (New York). 

63 — Saussure (De) : Cours de Linguistique Generale. 

64 — Sayce : Introduction to the Science of Language (2 

vols). 

65 — Sayce : Principles of Comparative Philology. 

66 — Sechehaye : Programme et M6thode de la Linguistique 

theorique. 

67 _ Sweet : History of English Sounds. 

68 — Sweet : The Practical Study of Language. 

69 _ Taine : Observation sur F Acquisition du Langage par 

les Enfants (Revue Phil. 1876). 

70 — Tarde : Lois de limitation. 

71 Tomas (Antoine) : Essai de philologie Fran§aise. 

72 — Tomas (Antoine) : Melange d'Etymologie Frangaise. 

73 Tylor : Early History of Mankind. 

74 Tylor : Origin of Civilisation. 



- TTo _ 



75 — Vannier : L'Esprit et les Maura d'une nation d'aprSs 

sa Langue. 

76 — Vendryes : Le Langage. 

77 — Vendryes : Reflexion sur les lois phonetiques. 

78 — Whitney : Language and the Study of Language. 

79 — Wright : Lectures on the comparative grammar of the 

Semitic Languages. 



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