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DAVIS'S    SKETCH    MAP    OF    BOMBAY    HARBOUR 


THE  ENGLISH  FACTORIES 
IN  INDIA 

1624-1629 

A  CALENDAR  OF  DOCUMENTS   IN  THE 
INDIA    OFFICE,    ETC. 


BY 

WILLIAM   FOSTER 

EDITOR    OF   'LETTERS    RECEIVED    BY   THE   EAST    INDIA    COMPANY,   1615-I7 
*  THE   EMBASSY  OF   SIR  THOMAS   ROE  TO   THE   GREAT   MOGUL,'  ETC. 


PUBLISHED   UNDER  THE  PATRONAGE  OF  HIS  MAJESTY'S 
SECRETARY  OF  STATE  FOR  INDIA  IN  COUNCIL 


OXFORD 

AT   THE    CLARENDON   PRESS 

1909 


f/5 


HENRY  FROWDE,  M.A. 

PUBLISHER   TO  THE   UNIVERSITY  OF   OXFORD 

LONDON,  EDINBURGH,   NEW  YORK 

TORONTO  AND   MELBOURNE 


PREFACE 

The  six  years  here  dealt  with  were  marked  by  several 
important  events  in  the  history  of  the  Mogul  Empire — the 
long  rebellion  of  Prince  Khurram  (Shah  Jahan)  ;  the  cottp 
ddlat  of  Mahabat  Khan,  which  for  a  time  reduced  the 
Emperor  to  a  cipher  ;  the  death  of  Prince  Parwiz  (October, 
1626),  followed  a  year  later  by  the  decease  of  Jahanglr 
himself;  the  proclamation  of  Dawar  Bakhsh  as  his  suc- 
cessor ;  the  abortive  attempt  of  Nur  Jahan's  candidate, 
Prince  Shahriyar,  to  secure  the  throne  for  himself;  and 
finally  the  accession  (February,  1628)  of  Khurram — hence- 
forth the  Emperor  Shah  Jahan — which  placed  the  reins  of 
government  once  more  in  the  grip  of  a  strong  man.  Of 
many  of  the  scenes  in  this  drama  the  English  merchants 
were  interested  spectators,  and  the  historian  will  welcome 
the  accounts  given  in  the  following  pages  of  what  they 
saw  and  heard. 

During  the  same  period  the  fortunes  of  the  English  in 
India  fluctuated  considerably ;  but  on  the  whole  their 
position  was  very  much  improved.  In  1624  the  Com- 
pany's servants  at  Surat  were  imprisoned  for  some  months, 
and  were  only  released  on  humiliating  conditions.  By 
1629,  when  we  take  leave  of  them,  they  had  so  far  es- 
tablished themselves  in  the  esteem  and  regard  of  the 
native  merchants  that  they  had  been  able  to  borrow  from 
them  about  100,000/.  for  the  purpose  of  providing  cargoes 
for  England,  and  thus  to  carry  on  the  trade  when  it  was 
ready  to  fall,  owing  to  the  difficulties  experienced  by  the 
home  authorities  in  raising  further  capital. 

a  2 


iv  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

A  special  feature  of  the  present  volume  is  the  hindrance 
caused  to  British  trade  by  the  continued  hostilities  with 
the  Portuguese  in  Eastern  waters.  Among  the  picturesque 
incidents  of  this  warfare  may  be  noted  the  three  fierce 
conflicts  in  the  Persian  Gulf  between  an  Ano-lo-Dutch 
fleet  and  the  squadron  of  Alvarez  Botelho :  the  romantic 
challenge  which  the  latter  commander  nailed  to  the  gates 
of  Surat  Castle,  inviting  the  English  and  Dutch  to  come 
out  of  Swally  Hole  and  fight  him,  ship  for  ship  :  the 
blowing  up  of  the  Lion  by  Ruy  Freire's  frigates  at  Gom- 
broon :  and  the  destruction  of  the  Portuguese  settlement 
at  Bombay  by  the  allies  in  October,   1626. 

From  the  eastern  side  of  India  come  several  letters  of 
great  interest.  The  principal  events  of  this  period  were 
the  attempt  to  establish  a  factory  in  the  Tanjur  country 
(1624) :  the  foundation  of  a  settlement  at  Armagon  (1626): 
and  the  temporary  abandonment  of  Masulipatam  {1628), 
owing  to  disputes  with  the  local  officials. 

The  present  instalment  consists  of  366  documents,  all  of 
which  come  from  the  India  Office  archives  except  two  from 
the  British  Museum  and  five  from  the  Public  Record 
Office.  Of  the  first-mentioned  class  107  belong  to  the 
'  O.  C  (Original  Correspondence)  series :  the  rest  are 
drawn  mostly  from  the  Marine  Records  and  certain 
sections  of  the  Factory  Records. 

The  editor  has  to  thank  Professor  J.  F.  Blumhardt, 
Professor  T.  W.  Arnold,  and  other  friends  for  assistance 
in  transliterating  Oriental  names  and  explaining  vernacular 
terms ;  also  Mr.  H.  G.  Bull  for  help  in  reading  the  proofs, 
and  for  compiling  the  index. 


INTRODUCTION 

/The  two  outstanding  events  of  the  years  covered  by  the  last 
calendar  were  the  capture  of  Ormus  from  the  Portuguese  by  the 
English  and  the  Persians  in  April,  1622,  and  the  seizure  of  the 
Indian  junks  by  the  Surat  factors  in  the  autumn  of  1623.  Both  of 
these  acts  of  aggression  had  results  that  were  little  expected,  and 
their  influence  was  felt  throughout  the  period  which  we  have  now 
to  examine.  The  attack  upon  Ormus  was  perhaps  unavoidable, 
unless  our  countrymen  were  prepared  to  relinquish  all  attempts  to 
open  up  trade  with  Persia ;  but  the  commerce  thus  secured  proved 
far  less  lucrative  than  was  hoped,  while  the  activity  to  which  the 
Portuguese  were  stirred  by  the  blow  threatened  grave  consequences 
for  English  trade  in  those  seas.  Fortunately,  the  Dutch,  who 
were  equally  bent  on  developing  their  trade  with  India  and  Persia, 
came  to  the  rescue  of  their  co-religionists  ;  but  even  then  the  ships 
of  the  two  nations  were  forced  to  keep  together  for  mutual  pro- 
tection and  to  move  only  in  strong  fleets.  They  were  fiercely 
attacked  in  the  Persian  Gulf  and  challenged  at  Swally  itself.  As 
we  shall  see,  one  English  ship  was  destroyed  with  the  greater  part 
of  her  cargo,  while  her  consorts  were  chased  out  of  Indian  waters ; 
and  for  some  time  the  trade  with  Europe  was  seriously  interrupted. 
The  aggression  upon  the  Indian  junks  trading  with  the  Red  Sea 
was  less  justifiable,  and  the  punishment  which  followed  had  some- 
thing of  dramatic  fitness.  The  possibility  of  retaliation  by  the 
Surat  authorities  had  been  borne  in  mind  from  the  first,  but 
apparently  the  President  and  Council  deemed  it  wise  to  show  no 
sign  of  apprehension.  The  Blessing  and  the  William  left  for  Persia 
in  the  middle  of  December,  1623;  the  Dolphin  sailed  for  England 
on  January  10,  1624  ;  and  the  Reformation  was  sent  to  Achin  and 
Batavia  on  the  27th  of  the  same  month.  Thus,  when  the  blow 
fell,  there  was  not  a  single  vessel  in  port  to  aff"ord  assistance  or 
threaten  reprisals. 


vi  THE    ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Some  of  the  details  of  the  troubles  that  ensued  are  obscure,  for 
(owing  probably  to  the  seizure  of  the  factors'  papers)  scarcely  any 
documents  emanating  from  Surat  at  this  period  have  been  preserved  ; 
but  the  main  features  are  not  in  doubt.     We  gather  that  the  native 
merchants  had  opposed  a  passive  resistance  to  the  collection  of  the 
money  exacted  from  them  (p.  ^j),  while  strong  representations  were 
made  at  court  regarding  the  conduct  of  the  English,  who  were 
accused,  amongst  other  things,  of  detaining  goods  seized  in  the 
junks  '  above  satisfaction  of  our  former  losses  ...  to  the  pretended 
vallue  of  10,000/.  starling'  (p.  18}.     Whether  this  was  true  or  not, 
they  had  certainly  been  guilty  of  an  affront  to  the  Mogul  power  in 
seizing  the  native  traders,  and  it  must  have  been  easy  to  stir  up 
feeling   at   court   against   these    daring   foreigners.      As   a  result, 
Jahanglr  issued  farmans  '  to  the  aprehending  of  our  persons,  resti- 
tucion  of  our  recoveries,  and  lastlie  our  expultion  out  of  his  countrie ' 
(p.  ^6} ;  and  on  February  21,  1624,^  the  English  merchants  at  Surat 
were  seized  and  put  in  irons,  their  dwelling  and  warehouses  ransacked, 
and  their  goods  confiscated  ;  while  threats  of  torture  were  used  in 
the  hope  of  extorting  confession  of  hidden  treasure.     The  order 
seems  to  have  been  a  general  one,  and  according  to  a  statement  on 
p.  36  the  merchants  at  the  other  factories  were  treated  in  similar 
fashion.     Young  and  Willoughby  were  on  their  way  to  court  at  the 
time  and  so  escaped  ;  and  on  their  arrival,  though  their  petitions 
were  slighted,  they  do  not  appear  to  have  suffered  personal  indig- 
nity.    Seeing  no  chance  of  assistance  from  any  direction.  President 
Rastell  and  his  companions  in  misery  at  last  signified  their  readiness 
to  make  satisfaction  for  all  that  had  been  taken  from  the  Surat 
merchants,  on  condition  that  the  latter  should  accept  payment  in 
goods  (pepper,  madder,  coral,  &c.)  at  rates  agreed  upon.     While 
these  negotiations  were  going  on,  the  ]Villiajn  and  Blessing  arrived 
from    Gombroon    (March   12  ?),  and    their   commanders,  deeming 
rigorous  measures  advisable,  attempted  to  seize  three  junks  that 
were  preparing  to  depart  to  Arabia.     In  this,  however,  they  were 
foiled  by  the  Hollanders,  who,  upon  the  application  of  the  Surat 
authorities,  hoisted  Dutch  colours  on  the  junks  and  placed  a  few 

^  This  date  is  given  in  a  letter  from  Van  den  Broeck,  tiie  Dutch  chief  at  Surat  (Hague 
Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  vi.  no.  219).  The  news  reached  Goa  on  March  28  (N.  S.);  see 
Delia  Valle  (Hakluyt  Society's  edition),  vol.  ii.  p.  417. 


IXTRODUCTIOX  vii 

men  in  each  '  in  the  way  of  protection '.  As  persistence  might 
produce  complications,  and  as,  moreover,  it  was  learned  that  the 
junks  had  not  much  on  board,  the  English  captains  and  merchants 
contented  themselves  with  protesting  against  the  aid  thus  afforded 
by  Van  den  Broeck  to  •  our  enemies  these  people '  (p.  7) ;  and  the 
junks  sailed  without  further  molestation. 

A  new  trouble  now  came  upon  the  unfortunate  factors.  Among 
the  junks  captured  by  Captain  Hall  on  his  way  back  from  Mokha 
in  1623  was  one  belonging  to  Chaul,  from  which  he  took  goods  and 
money  to  a  large  amount  (see  previous  volume,  p.  xxix)  and  then 
let  her  go.  Certain  Turks,  whose  property  had  thus  been  con- 
fiscated, now  made  their  appearance  in  Surat  and  clamoured  for 
justice,  demanding  85,000  rials  of  eight  as  compensation.  To  Saif 
Khan,  the  Viceroy  of  Gujarat,  they  promised  half  this  sum  if  he 
would  force  the  English  to  pay  their  demand  ;  and  Rastell,  seeing 
no  hope  of  escaping  otherwise  an  adverse  judgement,  offered 
70,000  mahmudls  on  the  other  side,  stipulating  at  the  same  time 
that  for  this  bribe  Saif  Khan  should  allow  the  indigo  brought  down 
to  the  port  to  be  put  on  board  the  ships.  The  bribe  was  accepted, 
but  the  condition  about  the  indigo  was  not  observed  ;  and  on 
April  20,  as  they  could  not  safely  wait  longer,  the  two  vessels 
sailed  away  empty,  the  JVilliain  for  Batavia,  and  the  Blessing  for 
the  coast  of  Arabia,  leaving  the  factors  still  in  prison.  The  captains 
carried  with  them  instructions  to  return  and  seize  the  Surat  junks 
again  in  the  succeeding  monsoon,  if  in  the  interim  an  agreement 
should  not  have  been  reached.  Before  long,  however,  Rastell 
succeeded  in  obtaining  the  release  of  himself  and  his  fellow  sufferers, 
though  they  were  still  kept  under  surveillance.  In  June  Saif  Khan 
delivered  judgement  against  the  Turks,  referring  them  to  Jahanglr 
for  redress,  if  redress  were  due.  To  court  they  accordingly 
journeyed,  and  besieged  the  Mogul  and  his  ministers  with  clamours 
for  justice  ;  but  the  English  had  armed  themselves  with  attestations 
from  Saif  Khan  and  the  chief  merchants  of  Surat,  and  they  had  the 
steady  support  of  Asaf  Khan.  The  result  was  that  the  Turks  were 
told  that  the  Emperor  could  not  interfere,  as  neither  the  com- 
plainants nor  the  defendants  were  subjects  of  his,  and  the  act 
complained  of  had  taken  place  outside  his  jurisdiction. 

A  final  settlement  of  the  differences  between  the  English  merchants 


viii  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

and  the  Surat  authorities  was  not  reached  until  September  7,  1624, 
when  an  agreement,  modifying  that  of  the  previous  year,  was  signed 
on  both  sides.  The  EngHsh  were  guaranteed  unimpeded  trade 
everywhere  within  the  empire,  except  that  the  importation  of  coral 
was  forbidden  for  one  year ;  they  were  allowed  to  occupy  the  same 
factory  as  before,  at  a  yearly  rent ;  and  they  were  to  be  protected 
from  various  petty  oppressions,  and  freed  from  tolls  at  certain 
places  named.  On  the  other  hand,  the  proposed  composition  for 
their  custom  dues  was  abandoned,  as  also  the  right  to  buy  or  build 
frigates  in  the  country  ;  the  privileges  of  wearing  arms  and  punishing 
their  native  servants  were  withdrawn  ;  and  it  was  agreed  that  in 
future  no  Englishman  (not  even  the  President)  should  repair  on 
board  the  ships  without  the  licence  of  the  Governor  of  Surat.  The 
reconciliation  was  sealed  by  a  farman  from  the  Emperor,  procured 
by  Young  and  Willoughby  at  Lahore  in  October,  which  included 
a  command  for  the  restoration  of  any  money  that  had  been  forced 
from  the  English  as  bribes.  Under  this  clause  they  recovered 
6,800  mahmudis  which  had  been  given  to  their  jailors  under  threats 
of  torture ;  but  as  regards  the  70,000  mahmudis  handed  over  to 
Saif  Khan,  they  thought  it  prudent  to  leave  matters  as  they  were. 
In  reporting  these  occurrences  to  the  Company,  the  factors  put  the 
best  face  on  the  matter  they  could.  The  arrangement  by  which 
the  coral  was  accepted  by  the  natives  in  part  payment  still  left, 
they  said,  a  profit  of  from  fifty  to  sixty  per  cent.  ;  while  against 
their  failure  to  send  home  the  William  and  Blessing  they  could  set 
the  sales  made  at  Mokha  and  the  amount  realized  by  the  capture 
of  the  Chaul  junk.  As  regards  the  future,  they  professed  their 
readiness,  if  their  employers  desired,  to  repeat  the  seizure  of  the 
junks  and  thus  take  *a  just  revenge  on  these  people ';  but  they  let 
it  clearly  be  seen  that  they  thought  a  rupture  inadvisable.  It  is 
noticeable  that  from  this  time  forth  they  cultivated  the  most  friendly 
relations  with  the  native  merchants  and  ofificials  ;  and  the  departure 
of  Rastell  and  resumption  of  the  post  of  President  by  Kerridge  must 
have  contributed  in  no  small  degree  to  this  improved  state  of  affairs. 
The  Blessi7ig  and  William  returned  to  Surat  some  time  in  the 
month  of  September,  1624.  The  former  had  spent  the  rainy  season 
at  the  island  of  Masira,  on  the  coast  of  Arabia,  while  the  latter 
had  been  at  Batavia.     On  October  7  the  Jonas — the  first  of  the 


INTRODUCTION  ix 

fleet  from  England — arrived  with  Kerridge,  who  had  come  out  to 
India  to  fill  once  more  the  post  of  President,  on  a  salary  of  400/. 
per  annum,  with  a  promise  of  a  gratuity  of  300/.  at  the  end  of 
four  years.  Two  or  three  days  later  the  Eagle  arrived,  and  was 
dispatched  to  look  for  the  Anne,  which,  homeward  bound  from 
Batavia,  had  put  into  the  Comoros  in  great  distress,  and  had  sailed 
thence  for  Surat  four  days  before  the  Jonas  reached  those  islands. 
On  October  13  two  pinnaces,  the  Spy  and  the  Scoict,  reported  them- 
selves at  Swally  ;  and  five  days  later  the  James  and  the  Star,  the 
last  two  vessels  of  the  fleet,  arrived  under  the  command  of  the 
admiral,  Captain  Weddell. 

At  Swally  Weddell  found  four  Dutch  ships — the  Ztiid  Holland, 
Bantam,  Maagd  van  Dorty  and  Wesp — bound  for  Persia  ;  and  as 
the  Portuguese  were  reported  to  be  in  great  force  in  the  Gulf,  it  was 
agreed  that  the  new  English  fleet  should  accompany  them  thither. 
By  the  Company's  appointment  (much  against  his  own  wishes) 
Kerridge,  who  had  refrained  for  the  present  from  dispossessing 
Rastell,  was  to  proceed  in  person  to  Gombroon,  to  settle  matters 
there  and  arrange  for  further  concerted  action  with  the  Persians 
against  the  Portuguese.  The  two  fleets  sailed  accordingly  in  the 
middle  of  November  ;  but  hearing  from  the  Eagle — which  was 
returning  unsuccessful  from  her  search  for  the  An7ie — that  a  Portu- 
guese squadron  was  bound  for  Swally,  it  was  decided  to  return  to 
that  port  to  protect  the  William  and  Blessing,  which  were  there 
lading  for  England.  The  Dutch  refused  to  wait,  and  went  on  alone. 
After  a  week's  delay  all  the  English  ships  sailed  in  company.  The 
William  and  Blessing  went  only  a  little  way  with  their  consorts, 
and  then  departed  to  cruise  awhile  in  a  safe  latitude,  and  return  to 
Swally  when  all  danger  from  the  Portuguese  had  passed  ;  the  rest 
directed  their  course  to  Jask  and  Gombroon,  reaching  the  latter 
place  on  December  28,  1624.  Kerridge  found  that  (as  the  factors 
had  reported  in  the  previous  Mayj  the  Persians  had  erected  a  fort 
at  Gombroon,  largely  out  of  materials  brought  from  the  ruined  city 
of  Ormus,  and  had  strengthened  the  castle  on  the  latter  island  : 
but  they  were  much  harassed  by  the  Portuguese  frigates,  which 
under  the  indefatigable  Ruy  Freire  maintained  a  partial  blockade 
of  Ormus,  burnt  the  native  boats  along  the  coast,  and  effectually 
prevented  any  trade  except  that  of  the  English  and  the  Dutch, 


X  THE   ENGLISH  FACTORIES 

whose  ships  were  too  strong  for  them.  The  factors  of  the  latter 
nation  were  pushing  their  trade  energetically,  and  there  was 
a  fear  that  the  Shah  would  put  Ormus  into  their  hands  in  return 
for  active  assistance  against  the  common  enemy.  The  English 
Company  had  been  induced  to  sanction,  if  necessary,  an  expedition 
against  Muskat ;  and  Kerridge,  though  personally  he  doubted  the 
advisability  of  this  (p.  37),  thought  it  well  to  hold  out  hopes  of  such 
action  to  the  Persians,  lest  otherwise  he  should  drive  them  into  the 
arms  of  the  Hollanders.  At  that  moment,  however,  the  Shah  was 
chiefly  bent  on  the  capture  of  Basra  from  the  Turks,  and  his  general 
urgently  demanded  the  succour  of  the  English ;  but  this  was 
resolutely  refused,  as  the  latter  had  no  intentions  of  taking  part  in 
a  war  against  the  Grand  Signor.  A  request  was  then  preferred  that 
the  fleet  should  remain  to  protect  the  Gulf  against  the  Portuguese, 
a  plan  to  which  the  English  were  disposed  to  agree,  provided  that 
a  reasonable  contribution  were  made  towards  their  expenses. 

While  negotiations  on  the  latter  point  were  still  in  progress,  the 
expected  Portuguese  fleet  came  in  sight  (January  31).  This  con- 
sisted of  six  war  galleons  which  had  reached  Goa  from  Portugal  the 
previous  year,  and  had  there  been  strengthened  by  the  addition  of 
two  more.  It  was  commanded  by  Nuno  Alvarez  Botelho,  a  resolute 
and  skilful  leader,  and  was  by  far  the  most  formidable  squadron 
that  had  yet  appeared  in  Persian  waters.  In  the  number  of  guns 
the  English  and  Dutch  had  a  slight  superiority  ;  but  the  Portuguese 
ships,  being  built  expressly  for  war,  were  at  once  stouter  and 
handier,  while  they  were  crowded  with  soldiers  whom  it  was  hoped 
to  utilize  for  boarding.  However,  the  allies  were  not  a  whit  dis- 
mayed ;  and  as  soon  as  the  enemy  appeared  they  prepared  to  put 
to  sea  and  encounter  them.  On  second  thoughts,  as  darkness  was 
drawing  near,  they  deferred  action  till  the  morning  ;  and  meanwhile 
they  held  a  conference  and  agreed  to  stick  to  one  another  '  as 
close  .  .  .  as  the  sherts  one  our  backs'  (p.  81).  Of  the  series  of 
combats  that  followed,  several  full  accounts  will  be  found  in  the 
present  volume  (pp.  46-54,  81-86),  and  for  a  still  more  detailed  one 
the  reader  may  be  referred  to  that  written  by  John  Taylor  the 
Water-Poet.^      Evidently   there   was   no   attempt    at    strategy   or 

'  Published  as  a  sixpenny  pamphlet  in  March,  1627  (Arber's  Transcripts  of  the 
Registers  of  the  Stationers  Company,  vol.  iv.  p.  137),  and  aftenvards  included  in  Taylor's 


INTRODUCTION  xi 

combined  action,  and  for  the  most  part  the  fighting  resolved  itself 
into  a  series  of  duels,  ship  against  ship,  often  at  very  close  quarters. 
In  the  action  of  February  i,  Albert  Becker,  the  Dutch  commander, 
in  his  flagship,  the  Znid  Holland,  was  the  first  to  get  into  action ; 
but  he  was  ably  seconded  by  Weddell  in  the  James  and  by 
Clevenger  in  the  Jonas.  Becker  paid  the  penalty  of  his  zeal  with 
his  life,  for  a  cannon  ball  struck  him  full  on  the  breast  and  killed 
him  immediately.  The  allies  were  repeatedly  baffled  by  want  of 
wind — a  drawback  which  was  not  so  much  felt  by  the  Portuguese, 
who  had  plenty  of  small  vessels  to  tow  them  into  any  required  posi- 
tion or  draw  them  out  of  range.^  Moreover,  one  of  the  English  ships 
(the  Eagle)  showed  a  strange  reluctance  to  take  any  share  in  the 
fighting,  while  the  Dutch  Wesp  imitated  her  bad  example.  Still, 
the  rest  hammered  away  at  their  opponents  until  night  put  an  end  to 
the  engagement,  which  had  so  far  resulted  in  no  decisive  gain  to 
either  side. 

On  the  following  day  the  wind  was  with  the  Portuguese,  but 
they  made  no  attempt  to  renew  the  fight.  Next  morning 
(February  3),  however,  the  allies  were  able  to  make  a  fresh  attack, 
and  with  Weddell  leading  in  the  James  a  fierce  conflict  took  place. 
Ruy  Freire  had  come  up  with  three  small  vessels,  and  his  and 
Botelho's  dauntless  behaviour  greatly  encouraged  their  men.  In 
the  artillery  duel  the  Portuguese  galleons  suffered  severely,  and 
their  loss  in  men  was  also  considerable.  The  English  had  hoped 
much  from  a  prize  which  had  been  fitted  as  a  fireship,  but  she 
got  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  fleet  and  was  attacked  by  the 
Portuguese  frigates,  with  the  result  that  her  crew  were  forced 
to  abandon  her,  after  setting  her  ablaze.-     Thus  left  to  drift,  she 

collected  works  (1630).  Internal  endence  shows  that  the  writer  had  before  him  Weddell's 
o%vn  narrative  (see  p.  81).  Annexed  is  an  account  of  the  burning  of  the  Lion  at  Gombroon 
in  November,  1625. 

A  brief  description  of  the  fights  from  the  Dutch  side  will  be  found  at  p.  156  of  the 
Dagh  Register  gehouden  int  Casteel  Batavia,  1624-29;  also  in  the  Hagtie  Transcripts 
at  the  India  Office  (series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  244).  For  Portuguese  accounts  see  Faria  y 
Sousa's  Asia  Portuguesa,  vol.  iii.  p.  393,  and  the  Lisbon  Transcripts  at  the  India  Office 
{Books  of  the  Monsoons ;  translations,  vol.  vi.  and  Noticias  da  India,  vol.  i). 

^  The  Portuguese,  however,  ascribed  their  want  of  success  to  this  same  absence  of  wind, 
which  might  have  enabled  them  to  use  their  superior  numbers  to  board  their  opponents' 
vessels. 

*  Minors  (p.  54)  blames  John  Johnson,  the  master  of  the  Eagle,  for  failing  to  guard 


xii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

nearly  fired  some  of  the  English  vessels.  At  night  the  two  fleets 
separated ;  and  next  day  the  battered  Portuguese  ships  took 
refuge  behind  a  sandbank  at  Larak,  whereupon  the  allies  returned 
to  Gombroon. 

The  Persian  Governor  was  now  more  than  ever  anxious  to  detain 
the  fleet  for  the  protection  of  the  coast ;  but  the  most  that  the 
English  would  say  was  that  if  he  could  prevail  upon  the  Dutch  to 
remain  they  would  leave  an  equal  number  of  their  ships  upon  the 
same  terms.  The  Dutch,  however,  intimated  that  they  did  not 
intend  to  stay  on  any  consideration,  and  the  English,  deeming 
themselves  unequal  to  the  task  of  coping  with  the  Portuguese 
galleons  without  assistance,  decided  to  depart  as  well.  They  sailed 
accordingly  on  the  13th.  On  seeing  them,  the  Portuguese  put  to 
sea  also,  keeping  ahead  of  the  allies  till  the  following  afternoon, 
when  they  waited  for  them  (p.  54)  and  gave  battle.  After  three 
hours'  fighting  night  separated  the  combatants  ;  and  the  Portuguese, 
having  had  decidedly  the  worst  of  the  conflict,  made  their  way  to 
Muskat  to  refit,  while  the  allies,  who  were  short  of  ammunition, 
pursued  their  course  to  Swally  without  further  molestation.  We 
must  not  omit  to  notice  that,  owing  to  a  confusion  in  their  reading 
of  the  calendar  (through  1624  having  been  a  leap-year),  Shrove 
Tuesday  passed  without  the  customary  pancakes — much  to  the 
disgust  of  the  sailors  (p.  54). 

Kerridge  found  the  English  factory  without  a  head,  for  Rastell 
and  James  had  sailed  for  England  with  the  Blessing  and  William 
on  February  15,  1625.  He  now  (March  8)  entered  upon  the  office 
of  President  for  the  second  time — a  post  which  he  held  with  great 
advantage  to  his  employers  for  a  period  of  three  years  longer.  It 
was  decided  that  the  James  and  Jonas,  with  two  smaller  vessels, 
should  proceed  to  Batavia,  refit  there,  and  return  in  the  autumn  to 
meet  the  incoming  fleet  from  England,  and  guard  them  against 
Botelho's  galleons.  The  Star  was  prepared  for  a  return  voyage  to 
England,  to  carry  thither  a  Persian  ambassador,  Naqd  All  Beg, 
who  had  embarked  in  Weddell's  fleet  at  Gombroon.  Further,  the 
Eagle  was  told  off  for  Achin ;  and  the  pinnace  Scout  was  sent  to 

the  fireship,  and  hints  that  he  showed  cowardice  on  this  and  other  occasions.  Weddell 
(p.  81)  says  much  the  same.  Johnson  was  subsequently  arraigned  on  this  and  other 
charges,  but  was  let  off  with  a  reprimand  (p.  68). 


INTRODUCTION  xiii 

Socotra  and  the  Comoros  in  search  of  the  Anne.  The  Scout 
departed  accordingly  on  March  27,  and  spent  the  season  cruising 
in  the  Gulf  of  Aden  (see  Minors's  interesting  account  on  p.  69), 
trying  vainly  to  reach  Mokha,  where,  as  they  learned  at  Shuhair, 
the  Anjie  then  was.  Meanwhile,  on  April  7  intelligence  of  the 
latter  fact  had  reached  Surat,  and  it  had  been  determined  that  the 
Jonas  should  go  to  her  assistance.  Weddell  sailed  for  Batavia  with 
his  reduced  fleet  on  April  14,  1625,  accompanied  by  the  Star  and 
the  Eagle,  and  four  Dutch  ships.  On  May  5  the  Star  and  two  of 
the  Hollanders  ^  parted  company  for  the  Cape  ;  and  later  on  the 
Eagle  left  also  for  her  destination. 

Of  events  up-country  at  this  time  we  have  little  knowledge.  In 
April,  1625,  we  find  the  Surat  factors  uneasy  at  the  news  that  the 
insurgent  Prince  Khurram  (Shah  Jahan)  had  returned  from  Bengal, 
and  was  approaching  Burhanpur  (p,  78).  On  the  arrival  of  Weddell's 
fleet  in  the  previous  autumn  trade  had  been  re-established  at 
Broach,  Ahmadabad,  Agra,  and  the  court  (pp.  61,  62).  In  April 
John  Bangham  was  dispatched  to  Cambay  and  Ahmadabad  to  sell 
certain  jewels ;  and  while  at  the  latter  place  he  received  orders  to 
proceed  to  Agra  to  replace  Robert  Young,  who,  being  anxious 
to  return  to  England,  had  already  started  for  Surat,  leaving 
Willoughby  and  Goodwin  in  charge  of  the  factory.  Hearing  that 
the  Emperor,  who  was  then  in  Kashmir,  was  expected  shortly  at 
Lahore,  Bangham  judged  it  advisable  to  go  straight  to  that  city, 
which  was  reached  on  August  29.  Thence  he  wrote,  a  month  later, 
that  Sultan  Bulaqi,  son  of  the  late  Prince  Khusru,  was  in  great 
favour  with  the  Pimperor ;  '  butt  Assaff  Ckaun  still  sways  the  king- 
dom, and  is  our  greatest  frend '  (p.  95),  Khurram  was  yet  in 
rebellion,  and  there  were  rumours  that  he  would  take  refuge  in 
Persia  (p.  96). 

Mention  has  been  made  of  the  dispatch  of  the  Jonas  to  Mokha 
to  fetch  away  the  Anne,  which  was  reported  to  be  leaky  and  too 
short  of  men  to  sail  unaided.  In  this  mission  she  succeeded,  but 
she  was  forced  by  the  Governor  of  Mokha  to  leave  some  merchants 
and  a  quantity  of  goods  behind,  the  idea  being  apparently  that  the 
existence  of  a  factory  would  prevent  any  further  interference  with 

*  They  had  on  board  a  second  Persian  ambassador  (Musa  Beg),  whom  Shah  Abbas  had 
dispatched  on  a  mission  to  Prince  Maurice  and  the  States-General. 


xiv  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

vessels  trading  to  that  port.^  While  returning  the  two  vessels  were 
overtaken  by  the  Scout,  whose  ineffectual  endeavours  to  get  into 
the  Red  Sea  have  already  been  mentioned.  Swally  was  reached  on 
September  19,  1625,  and  three  days  later  a  Dutch  squadron  of  three 
vessels  arrived  from  Holland. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  next  month  a  startling  event  happened. 
Botelho  had  set  out  from  Muskat  with  his  galleons  to  intercept 
the  incoming  English  fleet  on  the  coast  of  India.  One  of  his  vessels 
was  wrecked  near  Sanjan,  another  at  Bombay  ;  but  with  the  remain- 
ing four  he  boldly  appeared  off  Swally,  and  challenged  the  English 
and  Dutch  to  a  contest.-  The  allies,  however,  were  not  strong 
enough  to  risk  an  engagement ;  and  even  when  Botelho,  after  wait- 
ing some  days,  departed,  the  Dutch  alleged  that  probably  this  was 
a  stratagem  to  decoy  them  within  reach  of  a  more  powerful  force, 
and  refused  to  follow  him  up.  Soon  after  news  came,  first  that 
three  European  ships  had  been  seen  off  the  coast,  and  then  that  an 
engagement  had  taken  place  between  them  and  the  Portuguese 
squadron.  Kerridge's  importunity  now  prevailed  on  the  Dutch  to 
put  to  sea,  accompanied  by  the  Jonas,  Aime,  and  Scout.  They 
failed  to  find  any  trace  of  either  of  the  combatants;  and  on 
October  23  they  returned  to  Swally  in  company  with  Weddell, 
whom  they  had  met  ten  days  earlier  coming  back  from  Batavia  with 
the  James  and  the  Spy.  On  the  27th,  three  Dutch  ships  from  the 
same  place  entered  Swally  Hole,  bringing  intelligence  that  the 
Portuguese  galleons  were  riding  about  Bassein,  'tottered  and  torne  ' 
after  their  conflict  with  the  three  strangers ;  and,  as  all  the  English 
and  Dutch  ships  known  to  be  in  the  Indian  seas  were  now  accounted 
for,  it  became  evident  that  the  fleet  attacked  by  Botelho  was  the 
one  expected  from  England.  No  tidings  could  be  gleaned  of  its 
fate,  and  the  greatest  anxiety  prevailed  at  Surat.  A  proposal  was 
made  that  the  J auies,  J onas,aL.r\d  Anne  s\\ovi\d  be  sent  at  once  to  Gom- 
broon, on  the  supposition  that  the  new-comers  had  sought  refuge 
there ;  but  the  Anne  was  pronounced  unfit  to  venture  to  sea  in  her 
present  condition,  while  the  Jo?tas  also  needed  repair ;  and  so  the 
pinnace  Spy  was  dispatched  instead  to  Jask  to  find  out  whether 

^  See  the  interesting  narrative  by  William  Knightley  printed  on  p.  347. 

''  For  a  copy  of  his  challenge  see  vol.  i.  of  the  jVo/uias  da  India  in  the  Lisbon  Tran- 
scripts. It  was  nailed  by  a  Portuguese  emissary  on  the  gates  of  Surat  Castle,  that  all 
might  take  notice  of  Botelho's  defiance  of  his  adversaries  (ibid.). 


INTRODUCTION  xv 

the  surmise  was  true,  and  if  so,  to  send  word  to  the  ships  at 
Gombroon  to  await  the  arrival  of  an  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  before 
venturing  to  Surat. 

What  had  really  happened  was  this.  The  fleet  from  England 
consisted  of  four  ships,  the  Palsgrave^  Dolphin,  Lion,  and  Falcon, 
all  under  Captain  Blyth.  The  Falcon  lost  company  at  the  beginning 
of  September,  1625,  and  about  November  19  reached  Swally 
without  molestation,  except  from  some  small  Portuguese  vessels. 
The  other  three  on  October  7,  1625,  fell  in  with  Botelho's 
squadron  off  the  Indian  coast.  A  consultation  was  held,  at  which 
it  was  agreed  that  the  only  safe  course  was  to  make  for  Gombroon, 
A  running  fight  ensued,  during  which  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin 
made  good  their  retreat.  The  Lion,  however,  being  slow  of  sail, 
was  grappled  by  one  of  the  enemy's  ships.  The  Portuguese 
boarded  her  and  soon  gained  possession  of  the  upper  deck,  but 
could  penetrate  no  further  into  the  ship.  The  English  fought  with 
desperate  valour  till  sunset ;  and  then,  the  master,  Richard  Swanley, 
having  been  killed,  a  proposal  was  made  to  blow  up  the  vessel 
rather  than  surrender.  At  this  crisis  it  occurred  to  some  one  to  let 
down  the  anchor.  This  brought  up  the  drifting  ship  with  so  sudden 
a  jerk  that  the  ropes  by  which  the  enemy's  vessel  were  made  fast  to 
the  Lio7i  snapped,  and  the  swiftly  running  tide  carried  away  the 
former  into  the  darkness,  leaving  fifty  or  sixty  of  its  crew  still  on 
the  poop  of  the  English  ship.  Powder  barrels  were  rapidly  fetched 
and  placed  under  that  part  of  the  deck,  and  a  few  moments  later 
a  terrific  explosion  sent  the  Portuguese  into  the  air.  Henry  Crosby, 
the  mate,  was  now  elected  commander ;  sail  was  hoisted  on  the 
mangled  vessel,  and  with  a  fair  wind  she  stood  away  for  Gombroon, 
which  was  reached  without  further  incident  on  November  4.^  Part 
of  her  cargo  was  put  on  shore,  and  then  it  was  decided  that,  as  the 
Portuguese  frigates  were  hovering  near,  she  should  take  shelter 
under  Ormus  Castle.  Ruy  Freire,  however,  had  no  mind  to  be 
baulked  of  his  prey  ;  and  ere  the  Lion  could  reach  her  place  of 
refuge,  she  was  attacked  by  his  whole  force  and  set  ablaze.     She 

'  This  account  is  taken  chiefly  from  the  spirited  narrative  by  John  Taylor  referred  to 
on  p.  xi,  corrected  to  some  extent  by  a  Portuguese  version  among  the  Lisbon  Transcripts. 

The  Lion  was  built  for  the  Company  in  1614,  and  her  first  employment  was  to  take  out 
to  India  Sir  Thomas  Roe.     The  present  was  her  fourth  voyage. 


xvi  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

I 
was  burnt  to  the  water's  edge,  and  her  crew  fell  into  the  hands  of 

the  Portuguese,  who  ruthlessly  put  all  but  one  of  them  to  death. 

The  joint  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  for  Persia  sailed  on  November  24,  ] 
1625.  Weddell  had  under  his  command  the  James,  Jonas,  Anne,  \ 
and  Falcon,  while  the  Dutch  ships  numbered  six.  With  them  \ 
departed  the  pinnace  Scant,  which  was  to  carry  letters  to  be  left  at  ; 
the  Comoro  Islands  for  the  fleet  of  the  following  year,  and  was  then  | 
to  proceed  homewards  to  inform  the  Company  of  the  defeat  and  ! 
dispersal  of  Blyth's  fleet.  On  his  way,  Weddell  met  the  Spy,  ; 
returning  from  Jask,  where  all  that  she  had  been  able  to  glean  was  | 
a  rumour  of  English  ships  having  arrived  at  Gombroon.  The  latter  I 
place  was  reached  on  December  18,  without  anything  having  been  I 
seen  of  Botelho's  squadron,  which  was,  in  fact,  lying  in  '  a  hole  I 
called  Bombayee  '  (p.  112),  awaiting  reinforcements.  At  Gombroon 
the  English  learned,  of  course,  the  unhappy  fate  of  the  Lion,  but 
nothing  had  been  heard  of  Blyth's  other  two  ships,  which  had  in  1 
reality  fled  back  to  the  Comoros.  Weddell  sailed  again  at  the  begin-  I 
ning  of  the  new  year,  and  arrived  at  Swally  on  January  29,  1626,  j 
As  there  were  now  in  that  port  fourteen  English  and  Dutch  vessels  ■ 
in  all,  a  proposal  was  mooted  for  a  vigorous  attempt  to  find  and  ' 
destroy  Botelho's  squadron  ;  but  after  some  discussion  news  came  I 
that  the  Portuguese  had  departed,  and  thereupon  the  design  was  ; 
abandoned  (pp.  117,  137,  and  a  letter  from  Surat  in  Hague  Tran-  j 
scripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  242).  ! 

It  was  next  decided  to  send  home  the  James  and  Jonas,  under      ] 
the  command  of  Weddell ;  also  to  dispatch  the  Anne  to  Batavia      I 
and  the  Falcon  to  Masulipatam.     The  Spy  was  to  go  on  a  special      | 
mission  to  Madagascar  and  the  Comoro  Islands,  to  meet  the  fleet 
expected  from  England,  and  give  intelligence  of  a  rendezvous  agreed 
upon   by  the  Dutch  and  English,  at  which  all   their  ships  from      i 
Europe  were  to  meet  and  proceed  in  company  to  Surat.     The  five 
vessels  sailed  together  on  March  31,  accompanied  by  ten  Dutch 
ships,  three  of  which  were  bound  for  Batavia,  while  the  remainder, 
under  Herman  van  Speult,  were  destined  for  the  Red  Sea.    Nothing 
was  seen  of  the  Portuguese  fleet,  and  the  ships  separated  in  due 
course  for   their    several    destinations.^      Joseph    Hopkinson    and 

»  The  Spy  left  letters  at  St.  Augustine's  Bay  (Madagascar),  and  then  stood  over  to  the 
Comoros  ;  bat  nothing  more  was  ever  heard  of  her. 

•i 


INTRODUCTION  xvii 

Nathaniel  West  went  to  Mokha  on  board  one  of  the  Dutch  ships. 
The  English  factors  there  were  found  to  be  in  a  fair  state  of  pros- 
perity, but  the  authorities  would  not  permit  their  departure,  being 
still  anxious  to  keep  them  as  hostages  against  the  capture  of 
Indian  traders. 

Of  up-country  affairs  during  1626  we  have  little  information. 
The  factory  at  Ahmadabad  was  closed  shortly  before  the  dispatch 
of  the  James  and  Jonas,  and  that  at  Broach  soon  after  (p.  150). 
The  factors  from  the  latter  place  were  sent  to  Burhanpur  to  sell 
some  goods.  John  Bangham,  who  was  at  Lahore  in  attendance 
upon  the  Emperor,  was  also  ordered  to  finish  his  business  there 
and  make  his  way  down  to  Agra  ;  but  before  the  orders  arrived 
Jahangir,  and  Bangham  with  him,  quitted  that  city  and  set  out  for 
Kabul,  whence  the  English  merchant  writes  in  May,  1626.  We 
know  that  there  were  several  factors  in  Agra  at  this  time,  with 
Justinian  Offley  at  their  head  ;  and  Tottle  is  found  at  Samana  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  year  busily  engaged  in  buying  calicoes. 

On  p.  151  will  be  found  an  interesting  account  of  the  seizure  of 
the  Emperor  by  Mahabat  Khan  in  March,  1626,  and  the  attempts 
made  to  rescue  him.  John  Bangham,  it  appears,  was  actually  on 
the  scene ;  but  unfortunately  his  letters  to  Surat  at  this  time  are 
missing,  and  we  have  only  the  summary  which  the  factors  there 
transmitted  to  England.  So  far  as  it  goes,  it  confirms  in  the  main 
the  account  given  by  Mutamad  Khan  (Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi. 
p.  420).  The  stream  of  intrigue  at  court  had  settled  down  into  two 
main  currents,  with  much  secret  friction,  of  which  little  or  no  sign 
appeared  on  the  surface.  The  Begam  Nur  Jahan  was  bent  upon 
securing  the  succession  for  Prince  Shahriyar,  the  Emperor's  youngest 
son,  who  had  married  her  daughter  by  her  previous  husband.  On 
the  other  hand,  Asaf  Khan,  the  Begam's  brother,  whose  influence 
with  Jahangir  was  considerable,  was  secretly  acting  in  the  interests 
of  the  rebel  Prince  Khurram  (Shah  Jahan),  who  was  his  son-in-law. 
Other  possible  candidates  were  Prince  Parwiz,  Jahangir's  second 
son,  now  commanding  the  army  in  the  Deccan,  and  Bulaqi  (Dawar 
Bakhsh),  the  child  of  the  murdered  Prince  Khusru.  The  Emperor 
himself  seems  to  have  maintained  at  this  time  an  attitude  of  reserve  ; 
and  his  apparent  leaning  towards  the  claims  of  Bulaqi  may  have 
been  due  to  a  desire  to  avoid  committing  himself  to  the  schemes  of 


xviii  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

either  Nur  Jahan  or  her  brother.  Among  the  nobles,  the  most 
influential  was  Mahabat  Khan,  who  had  recently  brought  to  a 
successful  issue  the  operations  against  Shah  Jahan.  He  and  Asaf 
Khan  were  old  antagonists ;  while  he  was  by  no  means  friendly 
disposed  towards  the  Queen  and  her  designs.  Of  all  the  claimants 
for  the  throne  he  was  most  likely  to  favour  Parwiz,  with  whom  he 
had  been  associated  in  the  Deccan  campaign  ;  and  as  his  support  of 
that  prince  might  be  a  formidable  obstacle  to  the  accomplishment 
of  their  plans,  both  Nur  Jahan  and  Asaf  Khan  were  anxious  to 
bring  about  his  downfall.  Jahanglr  was  therefore  induced  to 
summon  Mahabat  Khan  to  court  to  answer  certain  charges  made 
against  him  in  connexion  with  his  administration  of  Bengal.  This 
summons  the  old  warrior  obeyed  ;  but  he  took  the  precaution  of 
bringing  with  him  a  large  body  of  Rajput  troops,  upon  whose 
bravery  and  devotion  he  could  rely.  On  his  approach  thus  attended, 
a  peremptory  message  was  sent,  forbidding  him  to  present  himself 
before  the  Emperor  until  he  was  called  for  ;  and  at  the  same 
time  his  new  son-in-law  (on  the  pretext  that  he  had  neglected  to 
obtain  Jahanglr's  permission  before  contracting  the  alliance)  was 
brutally  treated  and  committed  to  prison.  Convinced  that  his  ruin 
was  determined  upon,  Mahabat  Khan  determined  to  strike  a  vigor- 
ous blow.  The  royal  camp  was  pitched  on  the  river  Behat  (Jehlam) ; 
and  while  Asaf  Khan  and  the  bulk  of  the  royal  troops  were  on  the 
one  side,  the  Emperor  himself,  with  Nur  Jahan  and  his  personal 
attendants,  was  on  the  other.  Early  one  morning,  Mahabat  Khan 
seized  the  bridge  of  boats  connecting  the  two  portions  of  the  camp  ; 
after  which  he  proceeded  with  a  small  body  of  Rajputs  to  the  royal 
apartments  and  secured  the  person  of  the  Emperor,  treating  him 
however,  with  all  due  respect  and  consideration.  In  the  confusion 
Nur  Jahan  escaped  to  her  brother's  camp,  and  was  soon  engaged  in 
animating  the  nobles  there  to  attempt  the  rescue  of  the  captive 
monarch  ;  but  this  was  by  no  means  an  easy  task,  for  the  bridge  had 
been  destroyed,  and  the  river  was  both  swift  and  deep,  with  steep 
banks  that  gave  every  advantage  to  the  defenders.  Nevertheless, 
next  morning  the  passage  was  essayed,  with  disastrous  results.  The 
ford  by  which  the  larger  part  of  the  army  sought  to  cross  was  full 
of  holes,  and  its  difficulties  caused  a  confusion  which,  under  the  fire 
of  Mahabat  Khan's    troops,   quickly  degenerated   into   a  panic- 


INTRODUCTION  xix 

stricken  retreat.  Asaf  Khan  headed  the  fugitives,  and  did  not  stop 
till  he  was  safe  in  the  castle  of  Attock.  Recognizing  that  all  was 
lost,  at  least  for  the  present,  Nur  Jahan,  who  had  shown  conspicuous 
bravery  and  coolness  in  the  fight,  made  her  peace  with  Mahabat 
Khan  and  joined  her  husband  in  his  camp. 

The  imperial  journey  towards  Kabul  was  now  resumed  ;  and  at 
Attock  Mahabat  Khan  had  the  satisfaction  of  adding  Asaf  Khan 
to  the  number  of  his  virtual  captives.  He  was  now  indisputably 
master  of  the  situation  ;  and  for  some  months  he  practically  ruled 
the  Mogul  empire.  However,  as  the  year  wore  on,  his  power  was 
gradually  undermined  by  Nur  Jahan  and  her  adherents.  Some  of 
his  best  troops  were  slain  in  an  outbreak  at  Kabul ;  and  gradually 
the  royal  party  became  so  strong  that  Jahanglr  was  able,  under  the 
Queen's  guidance,  to  free  himself  from  tutelage.  Mahabat  Khan 
was  suddenly  ordered  to  go  on  with  his  troops  ahead  of  the  imperial 
army ;  and  after  a  little  hesitation  he  obeyed.  This  was  followed 
by  a  command  to  proceed  towards  Tatta,  in  Sind,  in  pursuit  of 
Khurram,  who  had  repaired  thither  with  the  idea  of  escaping  to 
Persia.  In  order  to  secure  his  own  safety,  Mahabat  Khan  had 
carried  with  him  Asaf  Khan  ;  but,  finding  himself  on  the  losing 
side,  and  overawed  by  the  threats  of  Nur  Jahan,  he  released  his 
prisoner,  after  a  hollow  reconciliation  had  taken  place  between 
them.  He  now  marched  towards  the  south,  followed  at  a  short 
distance  by  a  body  of  royal  troops  (p.  204).  Soon  the  news  arrived 
that  Khurram  had  failed  in  his  attempt  upon  Tatta,  and  was 
retreating  to  the  Deccan  by  way  of  Gujarat.  Mahabat  Khan 
thereupon  turned  aside  into  Rajputana  to  await  the  course  of 
events. 

Khurram's  decision  to  remain  in  India  had  been  largely 
prompted  by  the  intelligence  that  his  brother  Parwiz  had  died 
at  Burhanpur  (October  17,  1626).  This  removed  his  most  formid- 
able competitor,  for  the  other  two  were  mere  youths.  For  the 
present,  however,  he  deemed  it  safest  to  keep  outside  his  father's 
dominions.  On  his  way  to  the  Deccan  he  passed  near  Surat, 
where  his  propinquity  excited  for  the  moment  no  little  alarm 
(pp.  161, 162). 

The  1626  fleet  from  England,  consisting  of  four  ships,  the 
Discovery^   William,  Blessing,  and  Morris,  under  the  command  of 

b  2 


XX  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Captain  Christopher  Brown,  picked  up  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin 
at  the  Comoros  in  August,  and  a  month  later  effected  a  junction 
with  the  Dutch  fleet  (reduced  to  six  vessels  by  the  wreck  of  the 
Goede  Fortnin  near  Socotra)  returning  from  the  Red  Sea.  After 
waiting  at  the  appointed  rendezvous  for  three  days,  the  voyage 
was  resumed,  and  Swally  was  reached  early  in  October,  1626. 

The  proposal  for  an  attack  on  Botelho's  squadron,  which  was 
supposed  to  have  returned  to  Bombay,  was  now  revived,  in  view  of 
the  expected  arrival  of  Dutch  and  English  ships  from  Europe  and 
Batavia.  As  a  result,  a  strong  fleet,  consisting  of  six  Hollanders 
and  six  English  vessels,  sailed  on  October  8.  The  accounts  of 
the  cruise  given  in  the  present  volume  ^  will  be  found  of  special 
interest,  as  narrating  in  detail  the  first  English  visit  to  the  site  of 
the  future  capital  of  Western  India.  Shortly  after  leaving  Swally 
two  Dutch  ships  from  Batavia  were  met  and  added  to  the  fleet. 
Bombay  was  reached  a  few  days  later,  but  no  sign  was  found  of  the 
enemy's  fleet,  which  had  departed  for  Diu.  Next  day  the  small 
castle  and  town  which  the  Portuguese  had  built  on  the  island  were 
bombarded.  The  garrison  was  quickly  driven  out ;  and  a  landing 
party  pillaged  and  burnt  the  settlement.  On  the  i6th  the  fleet 
sailed  out  of  the  bay  and  made  for  Swally,  picking  up  on  the  way 
the  Christopher  from  England.^ 

1  See  pp.  142-4.  155,  197,  216.  The  extracts  from  the  ships'  logs  were  printed  in  the 
1890  and  1 891  editions  of  Sir  George  Birdwood's  I\ep07-t  on  the  Old  Records  of  the  India 
Office,  and  have  since  been  more  than  once  reproduced ;  but  the  place  of  the  craise  in  the 
general  operations  against  the  Portngtiese  has  not  before  been  explained,  nor  have  the 
subsidiary'  accounts  in  letters,  &c.,  been  published  hitherto. 

A  Dutch  account  of  the  attack  on  Bombay  will  be  found  in  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i. 
vol.  -viii.  no.  263,  but  it  adds  nothing  to  the  narrative.  For  the  Portuguese  side  see 
Faria  y  Sousa  {Asia  Portugiiesa,  vol.  iii.  p.  401).  He  says  that  a  Dutch  captain  entered 
the  church  of  Our  Lady  of  Hope,  and  hewed  in  pieces  a  crucifix  which  he  found  there ; 
and  that  Botelho,  when  he  heard  of  this,  begged  for  one  of  the  fragments,  vowing  to  wear 
it  until  the  insult  was  avenged.  The  historian  notes  that  the  Dutchman  was  slain  soon 
after  in  a  fight  with  Ruy  Freire's  squadron,  and  that  Botelho  met  his  death  in  combat 
with  a  Dutch  ship. 

'  An  interesting  memento  of  the  expedition,  in  the  shape  of  a  sketch-map  of  Bombay 
harbour,  drawn  by  David  Davis,  a  master's  mate  on  board  the  Discovery  (see  p.  143),  is 
reproduced  as  the  frontispiece  to  the  present  volume.  The  following  is  a  transcript  of  the 
appended  explanation  of  the  references  :— '  The  letters  BB  is  the  bay ;  T  is  the  towne ; 
Ry  is  the  3  rivers.  The  Ro.  [Road]  is  ij  rockes,  one  boath  sides.  \Vher  the  stime  [stem] 
of  the  anckors  [is],  we  roade  befor  the  greate  howse  without  the  stakes.  Wher  the  wood 
[is]  is  the  island.     The  higher  great  piramides  is  a  castell,  as  we  thinke,  up  in  the  land. 


INTRODUCTION  xxi 

In  this  connexion  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  Company  had 
actually  suggested  to  their  servants  at  Surat  the  advisability  of 
establishing  a  fortified  settlement  at  Bombay  or  at  some  other 
suitable  spot.  The  idea  of  fortification  was  at  that  time  very  much 
in  the  air  ;  and,  as  we  shall  see  presently,  the  English  merchants  at 
Batavia  and  on  the  Coromandel  Coast  had  already  tried  the  ex- 
periment at  Lagundy  and  Armagon.  Moreover,  recent  events  had 
shown  how  advantageous  it  would  be  to  have  some  port  where 
vessels  would  be  absolutely  safe  from  Portuguese  attacks.  Who 
it  was  that  suggested  Bombay  to  the  Company  as  a  suitable  spot 
we  cannot  tell ;  but  it  may  have  been  (see  p.  213)  a  certain 
Jeronimo  de  Paiva,  a  converted  Portuguese  Jesuit  whom  Rastell 
had  brought  home  in  the  William  in  1625.  However,  nothing 
practical  resulted.  Kerridge  and  his  colleagues  replied  in  Novem- 
ber, 1626  (p.  159)  that  *  Bombayee  ...  is  noe  ill  ayre,  but  a  pleasant, 
friutfull  soile  and  excellent  harbor '  ;  they,  however,  deemed  the 
idea  of  settling  there  an  impracticable  one,  seeing  that  the  place  was 
so  exposed  to  Portuguese  depredations.  They  added  an  interest- 
ing piece  of  history,  namely,  that  after  the  recent  raid  they  had 
invitedthe  Dutch  to  join  them  in  establishing  forts  there,  but  had 
received  an  unsympathetic  reply.  The  advisability  of  fortifying 
the  entrance  to  Bombay  harbour,  in  order  to  prevent  the  Dutch 
and  English  from  entering,  was  being  considered  on  the  Portu- 
guese side  also.  Writing  to  the  Viceroy  in  February,  1627,  King 
Philip  repeated  the  advice  he  had  given  a  year  before  that  some 
fortification  of  the  kind  should  be  erected  ;  and  three  years  later 
he  gave  orders  for  an  inquiry  into  the  possibility  of  this  being  done 
{Lisboji  Transcripts).  The  Viceroy  accordingly  sent  three  com- 
missioners to  examine  the  entrance,  but  they  reported  that  the 
project  was  not  feasible  {Chronista  de  Tissuary^  vol.  iii.  pp.  259,  260). 

The  Company  having  decided  '  to  prosecute  the  Persian  trade ', 
and  the  Dutch  intending  to  go  again  to  Gombroon,  six  English 
ships — the  Palsgrave,  Dolphin,    William,  Blessing,  Discovery,  and 

The  letter  C  by  the  great  tree  is  a  hermitadg.  The  letter  M  is  a  monasteri,  and  the  littell 
towne  of  cittjohn  [kajan  or  palm-leaf]  howses  betwix  it  and  the  wood.  \Vher  the  letter 
F  [is]  ther  weare  a  dozen  friketts  riding.     The  letter  N  over  Bassine  is  a  nunery.' 

A  valuable  note  on  this  sketch,  with  identifications  by  Sir  Henry  Morland  and  Sir  James 
Campbell,  will  be  found  at  p.  39  of  vol.  i  of  Bombay  and  Western  India,  by  James 
Douglas  C1893) 


xxii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Morris,  under  Captains  Blyth  and  Brown — were  made  ready  to 
accompany  them,  and  to  carry  to  his  post  William  Burt,  who  had 
been  sent  out  by  the  Company  to  take  charge  of  their  business  in 
Persia.  The  two  fleets  sailed  in  the  middle  of  December,  and 
returned  on  March  9,  1627,  without  having  seen  anything  of  the 
Portuguese  galleons.  The  remaining  vessel,  the  CJiristopher,  was 
dispatched  to  Batavia  at  the  same  time  as  the  Persian  fleet.  On 
the  last  day  of  March  the  same  six  ships  that  had  been  sent  to 
Persia  left  Swally  for  '  the  southwards '.  The  Morris  parted 
company  a  fortnight  later,  bound  for  Masulipatam  ;  while  the  rest 
went  on  to  Batavia,  which  was  reached  on  May  28.  After  a  stay 
of  three  weeks  they  set  out  again,  with  the  addition  of  the  Ex- 
change, for  the  purpose  of  intercepting  the  Portuguese  carracks  and 
of  escorting  to  Surat  the  ships  from  England.  After  spending 
some  time  at  Madagascar  and  the  Comoro  Islands,  and  finding  no 
sign  of  the  expected  vessels,  it  was  decided  to  proceed  to  India, 
and  they  returned  to  Swally  at  the  beginning  of  October,  1627. 
The  fleet  for  which  they  had  been  waiting,  consisting  of  three  ships 
(the  Mary,  Hart,  and  Star)  and  two  pinnaces  (the  Hopeivell  and  the 
Refuge),  under  the  command  of  Captain  Hall,  did  not  arrive  till  the 
end  of  the  following  month.  A  third  pinnace,  the  Scout,  had  lost 
company  after  passing  the  Cape,  and  it  was  not  till  some  consider- 
able time  after  that  her  fate  was  known.  She  was  forced  into 
Aden  by  want  of  water  and  provisions,  and  was  there  seized  and 
her  crew  made  prisoners. 

Captain  Hall's  fleet  had  brought  out,  as  passengers  for  Persia,  no 
less  than  three  ambassadors.  One  of  these  was  Naqd  All  Beg,  the 
Persian  who  (as  already  mentioned)  had  proceeded  to  England  in 
1625.  A  second  was  the  celebrated  Sir  Robert  Sherley,  who  had 
come  to  Europe  some  years  earlier  with  a  roving  mission  to  the 
Christian  monarchs,  and  had  presented  himself  at  the  English 
court  in  January,  1624,  as  ambassador  from  Shah  Abbas.  The 
appearance  of  the  native  envoy  was  extremely  aw  kward  for  Sherley, 
especially  as  Xaqd  All,  upon  their  meeting,  not  only  declared  that 
the  Englishman's  credentials  were  forged,  but  followed  this  up  by 
violently  assaulting  him.  King  Charles,  unable  to  decide  between 
the  two,  determined  to  send  them  both  back  to  his  Persian  brother, 
accompanied  by  an  envoy  of  his  own,  in  the  person  of  Sir  Dodmore 


INTRODUCTION  xxiii 

Cotton.  The  East  India  Company  had  been  ordered  to  find 
accommodation  for  the  trio  in  their  1626  fleet,  but  the  ambassadors 
arrived  too  late  to  embark,  and  had  therefore  to  wait  another  year. 
Another  passenger  of  note  was  Thomas  Herbert,  a  cadet  of  the 
family  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  who  had  obtained  for  him  a 
position  in  Cotton's  suite.  To  his  vivacious  narrative  we  are 
indebted  for  many  interesting  particulars.^  The  day  before  the 
fleet  arrived  Naqd  All  Beg  reduced  the  plethora  of  ambassadors 
by  poisoning  himself,  actuated  thereto  (if  we  may  credit  Herbert) 
by  a  fear  of  his  royal  master's  displeasure.  To  convey  the  other 
two  to  their  destination,  the  Williatn,  Exchange,  Hart,  and  Star 
set  sail  on  December  18.  Gombroon  was  reached  on  January  6, 
1628  ;  the  ambassadors  were  landed  ;  and  after  a  month's  stay  the 
fleet  returned  to  Svvally  by  February  24. 

We  must  now  survey  the  course  of  events  during  1627  in  India 
itself.  At  the  beginning  of  the  year  John  Bangham  was  still  in 
attendance  upon  the  Emperor ;  but  on  February  6  the  President 
and  Council  wrote  directing  him  to  wind  up  his  business  at  court 
and  proceed  to  Agra,  where  the  factors  had  recently  purchased  the 
house  in  which  they  were  living  (p.  174).  Offley,  the  chief  at  the 
latter  place,  had  incurred  the  displeasure  of  his  superiors,  and  it 
was  decided  to  send  Gregory  Clement^  thither  to  supersede  him 

1  Herbert  accompanied  Cotton  and  Sherley  to  Persia,  and  was  present  at  their  re- 
ception by  Shah  Abbas  at  Ashraf  on  May  25,  1628.  On  the  return  journey  both  of  them 
died  at  Kazvin  in  July,  within  a  fortnight  of  each  other.  Herbert  embarked  at  Gom- 
broon in  Swanley's  fleet  early  in  1629,  and  reached  Swally  in  March.  Thence  in  April  his 
ship  (the  Hart)  sailed  for  England,  where  she  arrived  in  January,  1630.  His  account  of 
his  travels  was  first  published  in  1634;  but  four  years  later  he  issued  a  fresh  edition,  in 
which  he  had  much, enlarged  (though  scarcely  improved)  his  narrative  by  incorporating 
a  mass  of  materials  from  De  Laet  {De  hnperio  Magni  Mogolis,  Leyden,  1631)  and  other 
writers.     The  book  became  popular,  and  has  been  several  times  reprinted. 

Herbert's  later  life  is  fairly  well  known.  Though  he  took  the  side  of  the  Parliament 
in  the  Civil  War,  he  acted  as  Groom  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  captive  King,  and  was 
with  him  on  the  scaffold.  In  recognition  of  these  services  he  was  made  a  baronet  at  the 
Restoration.     He  lived  till  1682. 

2  Gregory  Clement,  by  reason  of  his  subsequent  notoriety,  has  found  a  place  in  the 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  but  nothing  is  there  said  of  his  connexion  with  India, 
which  evidently  laid  the  foundation  of  his  fortune.  It  may  be  well,  therefore,  to  note 
that  he  was  engaged  by  the  Company  for  seven  years  on  Dec.  10, 1623  (having  previously 
been  servant  to  Mr.  Hewkely),  and  proceeded  to  Sorat  the  following  year  in  the  Star. 
His  employments  there  and  at  other  factories  are  described  in  the  present  volume.  He 
appears  to  have  gone  home  with  Wylde  in  1630,  and  to  have  been  badly  received  by  the 


xxiv  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

(p.  1 70).  Meanwhile  Tottle  had  finished  his  investments  at  Samana, 
and  in  February  was  likewise  on  his  way  to  Agra.  Caravans  with 
the  goods  that  ad  been  collected  were  sent  down  to  Surat  under  the 
charge  of  various  factors,  and  Offley  remained  behind  alone.  On 
April  18,  1627,  he  died,  and  was  buried  by  the  Dutch  there  resident. 
On  the  news  reaching  head  quarters,  Clement  and  two  other  factors 
were  hurried  to  Agra,  where  they  arrived  on  June  15,  and  found  at 
the  English  house  Bangham  and  Goodwin,  '  newly  come  from 
Lahore '  (p.  196).  Clement  now  assumed  charge  of  the  factory, 
with  Bangham  as  his  assistant. 

During  1627  and  the  early  part  of  1628  we  have  several  interesting 
references  to  public  affairs.  Thus  in  February,  1627,  a  Surat  letter 
(p.  171)  mentions  that  Mahabat  Khan,  who  had  remained  in  disgrace 
from  the  time  when  Jahanglr  recovered  his  freedom,  was  then  at 
J  alor  living 'very  peaceably ',  but  corresponding  secretly  with  the 
exiled  Prince  Khurram,  whom  later  on  he  joined  in  the  Deccan 
(p.  204).  Towards  the  end  of  October,  1627,  Jahanglr  died  while 
on  his  way  back  from  Kashmir,  and  the  contest  for  the  crown  at 
once  commenced.  Shahriyar  proclaimed  himself  Emperor  at  Lahore 
and  distributed  money  lavishly  in  the  hope  of  securing  his  position. 
Asaf  Khan  had  dispatched  a  swift  runner  to  Khurram,  to  urge 
him  to  march  northwards  and  claim  the  throne ;  but  as  some  time 
must  necessarily  elapse  before  the  Prince  could  appear  upon  the 
scene,  Asaf  Khan  and  the  nobles  who  were  acting  with  him  decided 
to  put  forward  Bulaqi  (Dawar  Bakhsh)  for  the  time  being.^  He 
was  accordingly  proclaimed  Emperor  in  due  form;  and,  accom- 
panied by  a  large  army,  he  and  Asaf  Khan  marched  to  encounter 
Shahriyar's  forces.      These  were   easily  dispersed,  and    their  un- 

Company,  who  were  incensed  at  his  active  participation  in  private  trade.  This  probably 
accounts  for  his  non-return  to  India.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  strong  partisan  of 
the  Commonwealth,  became  member  for  Camelford  in  1647,  and  signed  the  death-warrant 
of  the  King.  At  the  Restoration  he  was  exempted  from  the  amnesty,  and  went  into  hiding, 
bat  was  anested,  tried,  and  executed  on  October  16,  1660.  According  to  Ludlow  he 
would  have  escaped,  had  not  his  deep  voice  been  recognized  by  a  blind  man  who  was 
present  at  his  examination.  The  diarist  adds  that  Clement  '  had  no  good  elocution,  but 
his  apprehension  and  judgement  were  not  to  be  despised'.  A  portrait  of  him  will  be 
found  in  Caulfield's  High  Court  of  Justice  (1820). 

1  According  to  a  statement  on  p.  233,  Jahangir  had  made  Asaf  Khan  and  the  rest 
swear  to  see  Bulaqi  crowned.  Herbert  (ed.  1638,  p.  105)  has  the  same  story,  which  he 
probably  heard  at  Surat ;  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  any  confirmation  of  it. 


INTRODUCTION  xxv 

fortunate  leader  was  captured,  blinded,  and  committed  to  close 
custody.  Nur  Jahan  had  from  the  first  been  kept  under  surveillance 
by  her  brother,  and  thenceforward  her  power,  once  so  great,  was  at 
an  end.  On  the  surface  it  seemed  as  though  Dawar  Bakhsh  was 
firmly  seated  on  his  grandfather's  throne ;  but  the  shrewd  English- 
men at  Surat  wrote  that  '  in  liklyhood  itt  doth  appeare  all  is 
reserved  for  Charoom  .  .  .  whom  the  souldiers  in  generall  doe 
love,  and  whose  best  age,  warlike  disposicion,  travaile,  and  experi- 
ence in  the  highest  and  dejected  fortunes  hath  made  him  fittest  for 
the  rule  and  government  of  so  many  nacions  and  spatious  countryes  ' 
(p.  307).     And  so  it  proved. 

A  rumour  of  Jahanglr's  death  reached  Surat  on  November  19, 
and  two  days  later  the  news  was  publicly  announced  (p.  302). 
Thereupon  the  Governor,  responding  to  the  general  sentiment  of 
the  inhabitants,  declared  for  the  succession  of  Khurram ;  and 
although  on  November  29  (p.  203)  he  was  seized  in  the  castle 
by  an  adherent  of  Saif  Khan  (the  Prince's  old  opponent,  now 
Viceroy  of  Gujarat),  the  captor  himself  decided  to  espouse  the 
cause  of  Khurram,  and  thereupon  proclaimed  him.  This — and 
the  hope  of  replenishing  his  coffers — drew  the  Prince  towards  Surat. 
The  news  of  his  approach  reached  Kerridge  at  Swally  on  December  2 
and  he  hurried  back  to  the  city,  and  thence,  in  company  with  a  depu- 
tation of  the  principal  native  merchants,  to  the  Prince's  camp,  which 
had  been  pitched  seven  miles  away.  The  Dutch  likewise  hastened 
to  welcome  the  future  monarch,  and  to  propitiate  him  with  a  present. 
Khurram  gave  his  visitors  a  gracious  reception  ;  and  then,  his 
treasurer  having  secured  the  necessary  loans,  he  set  out  next 
morning  for  Broach,  whither  the  English  followed  to  deliver  him 
a  present.  This  procured  them  two  further  interviews,  and  the  issue 
of  a  farman  for  the  redress  of  their  grievances. 

Avoiding  Broach,  which  was  held  by  a  servant  of  Khan  Jahan, 
the  Prince  made  his  way  to  Ahmadabad,  where  he  was  welcomed 
by  the  inhabitants  and  saluted  as  Emperor.  Saif  Khan,  who  was 
very  ill,  submitted  and  was  pardoned,  but  dismissed  from  his  post, 
Nahir  Khan  being  installed  in  his  place.  Towards  the  end  of 
December  the  Prince  started  for  Agra,  while  the  newly-appointed 
officials  showed  their  zeal  by  wringing  money  for  his  service  out 
of  the  unfortunate  merchants  of  Ahmadabad  (pp.  189,  191). 


xxvi  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Early  in  January,  1628,  the  Palsgrave,  Dolphin,  and  Discovery 
were  dispatched  to  England.  By  them  was  sent  a  lengthy  letter 
which  contains  much  interesting  information.  As  regards  their 
relations  with  the  natives,  the  President  and  Council  wrote :  '  our 
faire  correspondence  with  this  country  people  is  continued  by  all 
the  meanes  we  can  ;  and  our  living  amongst  them  is  with  greater 
peace  and  amity  then  ever  itt  was  before  the  breach'  (p.  192). 
Further  on,  they  state  that  'the  last  great  breach  twixt  these 
inhabitants  and  your  servants  induced  our  uttmost  indeavour  to 
regaine  their  affeccions,  according  to  your  order  ;  which  by  often 
visitings,  presents,  and  invitacions  we  have  obtained  in  an  unwonted 
measure '  (p.  211).  A  convincing  proof  of  the  excellentterms  on  which 
they  stood  is  mentioned,  viz.  that  the  Surat  merchants  had  allowed 
the  factory  to  run  into  their  debt  to  the  extent  of  over  38,00c/. 
sterling.  An  account  is  given  of  a  dispute  between  the  Governors 
of  Surat  and  Olpad  regarding  the  customs  paid  by  the  English, 
the  latter  official  claiming  the  money  on  the  ground  that  the  port 
of  Swally  was  in  his  district,  while  the  former  maintained  that  the 
duties  should  be  paid  (as  heretofore)  at  Surat.  By  the  mediation 
of  the  Governor  of  Cambay,  it  was  agreed  that  the  matter  should 
be  referred  to  court,  and  that  in  the  meantime  the  English  should 
pay  neither  party.  Other  points  to  be  noted  are  the  description 
given  of  Bombay  (p.  197),  and  the  remarks  on  the  coffee  trade 
(p.  213)  and  on  the  popularity  in  India  of  English  twenty-shilling 
pieces  {ibid.). 

Immediately  after  the  departure  of  the  fleet,  Captain  Hall  in  the 
Mary,  attended  by  the  Hopewell,  was  sent  to  Daman,  to  capture 
a  Portuguese  ship  which  was  understood  to  be  lying  there  ;  but 
they  returned  a  week  later  with  their  object  unaccomplished.  On 
January  24  the  same  two  ships,  reinforced  by  the  Refuge,  and 
accompanied  by  the  Blessing,  which  was  bound  for  Batavia,  set  sail 
again.  Three  days  later  the  Blessing  parted  company,  and  next 
morning  the  remaining  three  anchored  off  Dabhol.  Their  object 
was  to  see  whether  trade  could  be  opened  up  there  ;  but  in  this 
they  were  disappointed,  as  the  inhabitants  had  been  pledged  by  the 
Portuguese  to  have  no  dealings  with  the  English  (p.  219).  The 
ships  then  went  on  to  examine  Danda-Rajpurl  and  Bombay  for 
the  purpose  of  ascertaining  their  suitability  for  the  proposed  fortifi- 


INTRODUCTION  xxvii 

cation,  on  which  the  Company  were  still  somewhat  bent.  At  the 
former  place  they  found  the  castle  on  the  island  of  Janjira  in 
rebellion,  and  they  waited  some  time  in  the  hope  that  the  Governor 
would  place  it  in  their  hands.  This  hope  proving  vain  (p.  243), 
they  proceeded  to  Bombay,  where  they  stood  into  the  harbour  and 
were  fired  at  from  the  castle,  which  had  evidently  been  rebuilt. 
After  examining  and  sounding  the  bay,  Hall  steered  out  again  and 
returned  to  Swally  on  February  21.  The  fleet  from  Persia  appeared 
in  sight  three  days  later. 

As  the  Surat  Council  had  now  more  ships  than  they  could 
profitably  employ  in  trade,  they  decided  to  send  Hall  on  a  fresh 
voyage  of  discovery  along  the  western  coast  of  India.  In  point  of 
fact,  Kerridge  and  his  colleagues  were  'still  inclined  to  be  sceptical 
as  to  the  advisability  of  fortifying  a  harbour,  either  there  or  at '  The 
London's  Hope '  (in  Arabiaj^  which  was  an  alternative  suggestion 
(pp.  159,  197,  216) ;  but  it  was  desirable  to  satisfy  the  Company  that 
the  matter  had  been  thoroughly  investigated.  The  squadron  for  this 
purpose  consisted  of  the  Mary,  Hart,  Star,  and  Hopewell,  and 
their  instructions  were  to  examine  and  '  againe  to  range  the  coast ' 
(p.  250),  after  which  they  were  to  proceed  to  the  Comoros  and 
Madagascar,  for  the  purpose  of  intercepting  Portuguese  shipping 
and  meeting  the  next  fleet  from  England.  The  Refuge  was  to  sail 
with  them  part  of  the  way,  and  then  to  go  on  to  Bantam  to  fetch 
the  stores  sent  out  from  England  for  the  settlement  at  Lagundy ; 
as  that  project  had  failed,  these  stores  would  be  no  longer  needed 
by  the  Southern  Presidency,  while,  should  Hall  succeed  in  dis- 
covering a  suitable  place  for  fortification  on  the  Indian  seaboard, 
they  would  be  extremely  serviceable  for  that  purpose.  Just  before 
the  ships  departed,  a  Portuguese  came  on  board  offering  intelligence 
concerning  his  fellow  countrymen's  forces  and  shipping,  particularly 
as  regards  Bombay.  Suspicions  being  aroused  that  he  was  a  spy, 
he  was  put  to  the  torture,  under  stress  of  which  he  told  a  very 
improbable  story  of  a  Portuguese  plot  to  inveigle  the  English  into 
the  castle  at  Bombay,  which  was  to  be  blown  up  with  gunpowder, 
while  an  attack  was  to  be  made  upon  the  ships  at  the  same  time 
(pp.  249,  262). 

The  fleet  sailed  on  March  12,  1628,  and  proceeded  in  the  first 
instance  to  Danda-Rajpurl,  where  another  attempt  was  made  to 


xxviii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

persuade  the  insurgent  Governor  to  surrender  the  fort  on  Janjira 
Island  (p.  252).  As  '  by  noe  meanes  he  would  not  be  seduced  to 
deliver  up  the  castle ',  the  advisability  of  endeavouring  to  storm  it 
was  considered  ;  but  on  hearing  the  account  given  of  the  fortifica- 
tions by  '  two  land  soldiers '  who  had  been  on  shore,  this  idea  was 
abandoned.  Hall  therefore  passed  on  to  Dabhol,  where  he  cut  out 
a  junk  and  a  frigate  in  spite  of  the  fire  of  the  forts.  Viziadrug  was 
next  visited,  after  which  the  ships  anchored  for  a  while  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Devgad  river.  From  this  place  the  Refuge  was  dispatched 
to  Bantam,  and  then  Hall's  squadron  moved  to  Jaitapur,  in  response 
to  a  message  from  the  Governor  of  Rajapur,  offering  trading  facili- 
ties at  that  port.  Richard  Predys,  the  cape  merchant  of  the  fleet, 
with  two  others,  went  up  to  Rajapur  to  negotiate  ;  but  they  found 
that  the  Governor  could  do  nothing  without  permission  from 
Bljapur,  and  that  he  was  very  averse  to  the  cession  of  a  site  for 
a  fort ;  so  they  returned  to  the  fleet.  Hall  had  meanwhile  taken 
the  opportunity  to  explore  the  mouth  of  the  Viziadrug  river,  with 
the  possibilities  of  which  he  and  his  officers  were  much  impressed 
(p.  258).  Sailing  on  April  5,  the  squadron,  after  looking  in  at  Goa, 
paid  visits  to  the  island  of  Anjidiv  and  to  the  mainland  hard  by. 
Honawar  was  passed  on  the  9th  and  Mangalore  the  following  day. 
A  short  stay  was  made  at  Mount  Delly,  and  then  Hall  proceeded 
to  Cochin  in  the  hope  of  capturing  three  Portuguese  ships  anchored 
there ;  it  was  found,  however,  that  they  were  lying  in  shallow  water 
and  defended  by  thirteen  frigates,  and  so  the  idea  of  attacking 
them  was  abandoned.  On  April  19  the  fleet  quitted  the  coast  of 
India  and  proceeded  on  its  cruise  to  the  southward. 

Meanwhile  Kerridge,  after  dispatching  the  Exchange  to  the  Red 
Sea  on  March  22  in  company  with  two  Dutch  ships,  had  handed 
over  charge  to  his  successor,  Richard  Wylde,^  and  had  embarked 

*  It  appears  from  O.C.  1291  that  \Yylde  was  elected  at  a  consultation  held  on  April  13, 
1628 ;  probably  he  assumed  charge  on  that  day. 

As  Kerridge  now  took  his  final  leave  of  India,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  add  a  few  details 
regarding  his  later  life.  He  reached  London  in  December,  1628,  and  was  warmly  welcomed 
by  the  Company.  In  February,  1629,  he  took  up  his  freedom,  and  in  the  following  July 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Court ;  thenceforward  he  took  an  active  part  in  the 
management  of  the  Company  until  164S,  and  his  name  occurs  again  in  1654-55.  From 
some  information  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Taylor,  it  appears  that  Kerridge  bought 
an  estate  at  Shelley,  in  Suffolk,  where  he  died  about  December,  1657.  His  will  mentions 
also  some  houses  in  Thames  Street,  London,  and  an  estate  in  Ireland ;  and  he  left  a  wife, 


INTRODUCTION  xxix 

for  England  in  the  Willia^n,  which  sailed  on  April  15,  1628.  He 
reached  Mauritius  on  June  7,  and  found  Hall's  ships  there.  After 
a  stay  of  eleven  days  the  whole  fleet  sailed.  The  William  parted 
company  on  June  26  for  the  Cape,  while  the  rest  went  on  to 
St.  Augustine's  Bay  in  Madagascar,  where  they  found  the  Eagle. 
She  was  homewards  bound  from  Bantam,  but  after  getting  near  the 
Cape  she  had  been  driven  back  by  storms  and  had  only  been  saved 
with  difficulty.  As  she  was  in  bad  condition  and  shorthanded, 
Hall  deemed  it  best  to  take  her  with  him.  Towards  the  end  of 
July  the  fleet  anchored  off  Mozambique,  and  spent  some  time  in 
looking  for  Portuguese  vessels,  but  without  success.  The  Comoros 
were  next  visited  ;  and  then,  as  nothing  could  be  heard  of  the  fleet 
expected  from  England,  a  return  to  Swally  was  decided  upon. 
This  port  was  reached  without  incident  on  the  last  day  of  September. 
There  they  found  the  ships  they  had  been  sent  to  meet,  viz.  the 
Jonas  and  Expedition,  which  had  just  arrived  from  England  under 
Captain  Richard  Swanley. 

A  letter  to  Surat  from  the  Agra  factors,  dated  January  21,  1628, 
announced  that  Shah  Jahan  had  been  proclaimed  Emperor  in  that 
city  on  the  7th  of  the  month  (p.  228) ;  and  a  postscript  added  that 
on  the  22nd  Clement  and  his  colleagues  had  met  the  new  monarch 
on  his  approach  to  his  capital,  and  had  been  very  graciously 
received,  '  especiallie  in  regard  wee  weare  the  first  Christians  that 
saluted  him  or  mett  him  att  his  coming  hither.'  'The  next 
morning,  being  the  23th,  hee  with  his  trayne  verry  sumptuoslie 
came  into  the  cittie,  not  going  to  the  castle  but  to  his  former 
pallace,  which  is  neer  unto  the  riverside  '  (p.  229).  His  installation 
as  Emperor  took  place  on  February  4  (p.  240),  after  a  general 
massacre  of  actual  and  possible  competitors — Shahriyar,  BulaqT 
and  his  younger  brother,  and  the  two  sons  of  Shah  Jahan's  brother 
Daniyal. 

In  passing,  we  may  note  that  while  at  Ahmadabad  the  Prince 
gave  order  that  all  moneys  coined  there  until  his  own  coronation 
should  bear  the  stamp  of  his  late  father.  Apparently  the  Surat 
authorities,  in  their  zeal,  had  struck  coins  in  Shah  Jahan's  name, 

Susan,  and  two  sons,  John  and  Samuel.  Kerridge  himself  was  bora  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Mary's,  Exeter,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  he  was  distantly  related  to  Thomas 
Aldworth,  the  first  English  Agent  at  Surat. 


XXX  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

with  the  result  that  this  money  was  not  recognized  at  Ahmadabad 
till  some  time  later  (pp.  232,  235,  238).  Another  curious  item  is 
the  announcement  that  '  all  rup[ees]  of  Noor  Jehann  Beagams 
stampe  [i.  e.  the  famous  '  Zodiacal '  coins]  are  called  in  and  not  to 
bee  uttered  '  (p.  241). 

In  March,  1628,  the  Agra  factors  wrote  that  both  they  and  the 
Dutch  had  got  into  trouble  with  the  King  for  buying  and  trans- 
porting saltpetre  without  his  permission.  Clement  and  Bangham 
had  been  kept  prisoners  for  a  day  and  a  night  in  the  castle ;  but 
with  a  little  judicious  bribery  they  not  only  regained  their  liberty 
but  obtained  a  licence  to  buy  a  further  quantity  of  saltpetre. 
They  added  that  '  the  present  occurrences  in  court  is  a  gennerall 
lessening  of  former  livings  and  mayntenance  of  all  degrees  of  the 
late  Kings  amraws  and  servants,  with  dispeed  of  divers  of  them  to 
sundrie  parts  of  theis  dominions  '  (p.  271).  In  the  same  month 
Bangham,  Clitherovv,  and  Goodwin  quitted  Agra  with  a  caravan 
for  Surat,  leaving  Clement  and  Cartwright  there  alone. 

The  letters  from  the  factories  at  Ahmadabad,  Broach,  and 
Baroda  at  this  period  contain  nothing  of  general  interest.  Early 
in  October  the  Blessmg  returned  from  Bantam,  accompanied  by 
the  Christopher  and  a  prize.  At  the  same  time  the  Exchange 
reached  Swally  Road  from  the  Red  Sea.  She  brought  back  the 
survivors  of  the  English  factory,  but  had  been  able  to  sell  scarcely 
any  of  her  cargo,  as  the  country  was  in  a  very  disturbed  state, 
owing  to  the  Arabs  having  risen  against  the  Turks.  On  her  way 
back  she  had  called  at  Aden  (which  had  been  captured  by  the 
Arabs  in  July,  1627),  in  the  hope  of  recovering  the  pinnace  Scout 
and  the  survivors  of  her  crew  ;  but  the  Governor  replied  to  their 
demands  by  firing  upon  them  from  the  castle,  and  they  had  no 
option  but  to  resume  their  voyage. 

The  Surat  Council  had  now  a  dozen  vessels  at  their  disposal — 
a  far  larger  number  than  they  could  employ  with  profit,  although 
they  had  run  largely  into  debt  with  the  native  merchants^  in 
order  to  meet  the  Company's  urgent  demands  for  the  return  of 
their  shipping.  On  October  10,  1628,  it  was  decided  to  send  three 
vessels  (the  Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Star)  back  to  England ;  two 

^  When  the  1628  fleet  arrived  the  Surat  factors  were  in  debt  to  the  extent  of  nearly 
90,000/.  (p.  295\  a  third  of  this  being  due  to  two  merchants  alone  (p.  306). 


INTRODUCTION  xxxi 

(the  Mary  and  a  pinnace)  to  Bantam  ;  and  the  remaining  seven  to 
Persia,  in  company  with  the  Dutch,  carrying  mostly  freight  goods 
laded  by  Surat  merchants.  A  fortnight  later  it  was  determined  to 
withdraw  the  Hart  from  the  Persia  fleet  and  send  her  to  England 
also ;  but  as  this  would  have  entailed  leaving  behind  some  of  the 
goods  which  the  natives  were  anxious  to  transmit  to  Gombroon, 
such  pressure  was  brought  to  bear  on  the  factors  that  they  were 
forced  to  revert  to  their  original  intention.  As  the  Company  had 
provided  no  money  or  goods  for  Persia,  and  had  in  fact  forbidden 
the  dispatch  of  a  vessel  thither,  Richard  Predys  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  small  cargo  sent  and  was  instructed  not  to  leave  any 
money  at  Gombroon,  and  if  possible  to  sell  all  his  goods  for  cash. 

The  Persia  fleet  sailed  on  December  27,  together  with  the  three 
ships  destined  for  England  ;  and  they  were  accompanied  by  six 
Dutch  vessels  and  eleven  native  junks  and  frigates.  About  a  fort- 
night earlier  the  English  had  had  a  disagreeable  reminder  that  the 
Portuguese,  whose  forces  they  had  thought  to  be  '  verie  weake  and 
their  estate  much  declining  '  (p.  296),  had  not  yet  lost  their  power  of 
stinging.  A  prize,  which  had  been  renamed  the  Little  James,  was 
coming  down  the  river  from  Surat  after  refitting,  accompanied  by 
four  native  junks,  and  escorted  by  two  English  boats,  when  a 
number  of  Portuguese  frigates  attacked  the  little  flotilla.  The 
Little  James  was  blown  up  by  her  own  crew  (p.  306),  with  the 
loss  of  many  of  their  number,  while  the  junks  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  enemy. 

The  Persia  fleet  returned  on  March  12,  1629,  bringing  the  sur- 
vivors of  Sir  Dodmore  Cotton's  mission  and  news  of  the  death  of 
Shah  Abbas.  In  the  letter  sent  by  these  ships  Agent  Burt  and  his 
colleagues  wrote  in  very  severe  terms  of  the  proceedings  of  Wylde 
and  his  Council,  particularly  as  regards  the  President's  private 
trade.  The  Surat  factors  retorted  with  equal  bitterness,  and  thus 
a  very  pretty  quarrel  was  started.  About  this  time  a  letter  was 
received  at  Surat  from  the  Turkish  Pasha  of  Basra,  complaining  of 
the  action  of  the  English  and  Dutch  in  assisting  the  Persians  and 
in  capturing  vessels  belonging  to  his  port.  What  action  was  taken 
upon  these  representations  is  not  recorded. 

The  Hart,  Expedition,  and  Hopewell  sailed  for  England  on 
April  15,  1629,  with  cargoes  amounting  to  51,154/.  6s. ;  and  with 


xxxii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

them  departed  the  Jonas,  Christopher,  and  Eagle  for  Bantam. 
Both  in  the  letter  sent  home  by  the  former  fleet  and  in  one  dis- 
patched overland  a  fortnight  later,  the  President  and  Council  drew 
a  cheerful  picture  of  the  state  of  affairs.^  Sales  had  been  brisk, 
and  there  was  nothing  of  value  remaining  in  hand.  True,  the 
factors  were  in  debt  70,000/.,  and  would  probably  incur  further 
liabilities  before  the  annual  fleet  arrived  ;  but  their  credit  was  good, 
and  they  anticipated  no  difficulty  in  lading  two  more  ships  early 
the  next  year.  An  invitation  had  been  received  from  Sind  for  the 
establishment  of  an  English  factory  in  that  country,  and  a  native 
broker  had  been  dispatched  to  make  inquiries  and  procure  samples 
of  the  goods  procurable  there.  A  project,  ascribed  to  Shah  Jahan, 
of  attacking  Diu  or  Daman  with  the  aid  of  the  English  ships  was 
mentioned ;  and  it  was  also  stated  that  the  Emperor  had  given 
them  '  free  lyberty  to  take  all  Portugall  goods  in  all  portes  '.  '  All 
the  discontented  rajaes  and  nobles  of  this  kingdome  are  come  and 
have  submitted  their  obedience  to  the  King,  whose  favour  alsoe  is 
in  a  more  larger  manner  extended  towards  them  then  hertofore  ;  soe 
as  there  is  noe  likelyhood  but  of  a  longe-continued  peace.  Amongst 
the  rest  your  accion  and  servants  have  participated  of  none  of  the 
least  of  his  honours ;  and  both  sitt  at  this  time  in  India  with  more 
respects  and  esteeme  then  ever '  (p.  '^'^^). 

The  letter  intended  to  be  sent  to  the  Company  through  Turkey 
was  forwarded  to  the  factors  in  Persia,  accompanied  by  '  a  vearie 
tart '  one  in  which  Wylde  replied  to  Burt's  charges  and  taunts  in 
vigorous  language.  About  the  same  time  a  serious  quarrel  was 
developing  in  the  Surat  Council.  Richard  Boothby,  who  had  been 
sent  out  by  the  Company  the  previous  year  and  was  now  fourth  in 
Council,  was  arraigned  by  Wylde  on  various  charges.  It  is  hard  to 
discover  anything  very  serious  in  the  accusations  brought  against 
him  ;  and  he  seems  to  have  endeavoured  to  pacify  the  irate 
President  by  making  a  full  submission,  which  is  amusing  in  its 
way  (p.  344).  Wylde,  however,  was  not  to  be  appeased,  and,  as 
we  shall  see,  Boothby  was  sent  home  a  prisoner  in  1630  to  be  dealt 
with  by  the  Company. 

The  fleet  of  1629  destined  for  Surat  consisted  of  four  vessels — 

^  Note,  how  ever,  the  ominous  reference  in  the  letter  to  Bantam  to  the  fact  that  '  the 
want  of  rayne  the  last  yeare  hath  made  all  provitions  scarce  and  deare  '  (p.  329). 


INTRODUCTION  xxxiii 

the  Charles^  Discovery,  Reformation,  and  Samuel  (pinnace) — under 
the  charge  of  our  old  acquaintance,  Captain  John  Weddell.  Of 
these  the  first  and  the  last  were  fitted  out  by  the  Second  Joint  Stock, 
while  the  other  two  were  freighted  by  a  new  body  of  adventurers 
for  what  was  known  as  the  First  Persia  Voyage.  It  may  be  ex- 
plained that  the  Joint  Stock,  which  had  been  started  in  1617  for 
four  years,  had  been  prolonged  on  the  expiration  of  that  period, 
and  again  in  November,  1623,  when  it  was  decided  not  to  make 
a  new  subscription  until  Christmas,  1637.  This  date  was  reached 
and  passed  ;  and  in  June,  1628,  it  was  decided  to  call  upon  the 
adventurers  for  a  supplementary  subscription  with  a  view  to 
carrying  on  the  trade  upon  the  existing  stock.  However,  the 
prospects  of  the  Company  appeared  so  gloomy  that  only  a  meagre 
sum  was  offered  in  response  to  this  call  ;  and  so  the  idea  was 
abandoned,  and  a  new  subscription  was  started  for  a  Third  Joint 
Stock  of  600,000/.,  to  last  for  four  years.  This,  too,  failed  ;  and  in 
despair  it  was  resolved  to  invite  the  members  of  the  Company  to 
subscribe  for  a  special  voyage  to  Surat  and  Persia,  in  order  to  keep 
the  trade  alive.  The  opportune  arrival  of  four  ships  from  the  East 
with  valuable  cargoes  resulted  in  the  new  subscription  running  up 
to  a  total  of  over  130,000/,,  while  at  the  same  time  the  adventurers 
in  the  Second  Joint  Stock  were  encouraged  to  send  out  two  ships 
as  well — the  Charles  (to  which  was  afterwards  added  the  pinnace 
Samuel)  for  Surat,  and  the  London  for  Bantam — mainly  for  the 
purpose  of  fetching  home  the  goods  supposed  to  be  awaiting 
shipment  in  the  East.  They  carried,  however,  a  capital  of  88,000/. 
in  goods  and  money,  while  the  Discovery  and  Reformation  (which 
the  new  adventurers  had  hired  from  the  old  at  40/.  a  ton)  took  out 
just  over  120,000/  {^C our t Minutes ,  April  13,  1629). 

Weddell's  fleet  arrived  at  Swally  on  October  9,  1629,  and  found 
there  the  Jonas  (which  had  returned  from  Bantam  three  days 
before)  and  six  Dutch  ships.  Early  in  December  the  experience 
of  the  previous  year  was  repeated.  The  Samuel  had  been  sent 
down  to  the  mouth  of  the  TaptI  river,  accompanied  by  a  Dutch 
vessel,  to  convoy  to  Swally  some  native  junks.  They  were  attacked 
by  a  number  of  Portuguese  frigates  and,  although  four  of  the 
assailants  were  sunk,  the  Samuel  was  burnt  with  the  loss  of 
thirteen    men,  the  survivors  being  saved  by   her  Dutch  consort. 


FOSTER  III 


xxxiv  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

On  December  19  the  Charles,  Discovery,  Reformation,  and  Jonas 
sailed  for  Gombroon  with  the  Hollanders.  They  returned  on 
March  17,  1630,  without  seeing  anything  of  a  Portuguese  fleet 
which  was  said  to  be  on  the  watch  to  intercept  them.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  Nuno  Alvarez  Botelho,  who  in  July,  1629,  had  taken  charge 
of  affairs  at  Goa  on  the  death  of  the  Bishop  of  Cochin,  had  sailed 
in  September  to  relieve  Malacca,  which  was  beleaguered  by  the 
King  of  Achin.  A  new  Viceroy,  Miguel  de  Noronha,  Conde  de 
Linhares,  arrived  the  following  month,  but  Botelho  had  not  re- 
turned, and  without  him  and  his  forces  the  Portuguese  could  do 
nothing  in  the  way  of  aggression. 

Before  quitting  the  subject  of  the  factories  of  '  MoguUs  India  ' — 
which  are  really  the  only  ones  in  the  peninsula  that  need  be  taken 
seriously  into  account  in  this  connexion — it  may  be  of  interest  to 
glance  rapidly  at  the  development  which  had  taken  place  in  the 
commercial  intercourse  between  England  and  India  since  1615,  the 
first  year  in  which  a  ship  was  sent  home  direct  from  Surat.  Some 
idea  of  the  volume  of  the  trade  may  be  obtained  from  the  following 
table,  which  (in  the  absence  of  other  sources  of  information)  has 
been  put  together  mainly  from  the  factors'  letters  ;  but  it  must  be 
remembered  that  in  many  of  these  years  the  shipments  from  Surat 
included  a  quantity  of  Persian  silk,  the  cost  of  which  cannot  be 
separated  from  that  of  the  goods  which  were  really  of  Indian 
origin. 

Year.  Ships  sent  home.  Approximate  cost  of  cargo. 

1615  Hope  {zoo  tons)  ^  

1616  Zw«  (500)  15,-670/. 

1617  Globe  {f)Oo)  

1618  Bull  (400) 


1619  Anne  (800)  36,000/. 

1620  Lion  (500)  28,000/. 

1621  Hart  (500)  and  Roebuck  (300)  

1622  London  {Soo), ybnas  {"joo), and  Lion  [e,oo)  

1623  [None] 

1624  Dolphin  (600)  [valued  in  England  at  120,000/.] 

1625  William  (700)  and  Blessing  (700)  ■ 

Star  (350)  [valued  in  England  at  43,000/.] 

1626  James  (900)  and  Jonas  (700)  

1627  [None] 

'  The  tonnage  is  in  many  cases  approximate  only,  it  being  difficult  to  decide  between 
the  various  estimates  given. 


INTRODUCTION  xxxv 

Veaf.  Ships  sent  home.  Approximate  cost  of  cargo, 

1628  Palsgrave     (1000    tons),    Dolphin    (600),    and 

Discovery  (500)  So,ooo/. 

William  (700)  6o,ocx5/. 

Exchange  (700),  Blessing  (700),  and  Star  (350)  ■;3,44o/.^ 

1629  Hart {z,oo),  Expedition  {100),  z.n(lHopewell {1^0)  51,150/. 

Imperfect  as  this  return  is,  it  shows  a  very  considerable  growth 
both  in  the  bulk  and  value  of  the  trade  ;  and  we  must  not  omit  to 
notice  that  the  exports  to  England  by  no  means  exhausted  the 
commercial  activity  of  the  Surat  factors  in  this  direction.  They 
sent  cargoes  to  their  colleagues  at  Achin,  Batavia  (or  Bantam), 
Mokha,  and  Gombroon  ;  and  some  of  the  goods  they  received  in 
return,  such  as  coffee,  madder,  and  spices,  were  disposed  of  in  India 
itself 

The  goods  exported  from  England  to  India  did  not  vary  much 
in  character  during  this  period.  The  chief  items  were :  broad- 
cloths and  other  woollens,  chiefly  of  English  manufacture  ;  tin, 
lead,  and  quicksilver  ;  ivory,  brought  no  doubt  largely  from  Africa 
in  the  first  instance ;  coral  from  the  Mediterranean  ;  amber  from 
the  Baltic  ;  tapestries,  gold  and  silver  embroideries  ;  sword-blades 
and  knives ;  with  some  jewels  for  sale  at  court.  On  all  these 
articles  there  was,  as  a  rule,  a  considerable  profit ;  but  the  demand 
was  limited,  and  the  English  factors  were  obliged  to  rely  for  funds 
chiefly  upon  the  importation  of  ready  money.  Of  this  the  favourite 
form  was  the  Spanish  rial  of  eight,  though  other  foreign  coins, 
gold  as  well  as  silver,  were  also  brought,  as  we  see  in  the  present 
volume.  Most  of  the  silver  imported  was  recoined  into  rupees  or 
mahmudis. 

Of  exports,  indigo,  which  formed  the  chief  lading  of  the  Hope 
in  1 615,  maintained  its  importance  throughout  this  period,  owing 
no  doubt  to  the  great  demand  for  it  in  Europe  for  dyeing  purposes. 
The  Biana  indigo,  in  spite  of  its  high  price  and  the  distance  it  had 
to  be  brought,  was  much  preferred  to  that  of  Sarkhej,  and  in  1624 
the  Company  ordered  that  not  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  indigo 
shipped  should  be  of  the  latter  kind  (p.  38).  Of  other  goods,  we 
note  a  growing  trade  in  saltpetre  (the  first  order  for  which  seems 

*  This  includes  the  cargo  of  the  Eagle  from  Bantam,  which  had  been  transhipped  at 
Surat  into  the  Star,  as  the  former  vessel  was  unable  to  continue  her  voyage. 

C  2 


xxxvi  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  have  been  given  by  the  Company  in  1624),  in  raw  cotton, 
cotton  yarn,  and  Malabar  pepper  ;  but  the  chief  increase  appears 
to  have  been  in  cotton  piece-goods.  These  had  rapidly  established 
themselves  in  popular  favour  at  home,  and  had  to  a  large  extent 
displaced  the  more  expensive  linens  imported  from  Holland  and 
Germany  ;  while  any  surplus  stock  found  ready  sale  abroad.  In 
August,  1623,  the  Deputy  Governor  (Morris  Abbot)  reported  to 
the  Company  a  conversation  which  he  and  Mr.  Thomas  Mun  had 
had  with  King  James,  who  asked  '  what  vent  they  had  for  the  greate 
masse  of  callicoes  [that]  came  yerelye.  They  answered  that  much 
of  it  is  very  usefull  and  vendes  in  England,  whereby  the  prizes  of 
lawnes,  cambrickes,  and  other  linnen  cloth  are  brought  downe ; 
for  the  rest,  luigland  is  now  made  the  staple  for  that  comoditic, 
which  having  first  served  His  Majesties  dominions,  the  overplus  is 
transported  into  forrayne  partes  in  the  nature  of  a  home  brcdd 
commoditie.  The  King  approoved  exceedingly  thereof,  and  said 
that  this  was  the  ready  way  to  bring  treasure  into  his  kingdome.' 
In  the  following  April  Abbot  (now  Governor)  declared  that  whereas 
formerly  England  paid  to  the  foreigner  for  hollands,  lawns,  and 
cambrics  500,000/.  per  annum,  now  half  of  this  outlay  was  saved  by 
the  importation  of  calicoes  ' ;  and  about  a  year  later  (March  30, 
1625)  he  told  a  General  Court  that  *  the  commodities  of  Zuratt  doe 
vend  heer  much  better  then  in  former  tymes  ;  for  example  .  .  . 
callicoes  .  .  .  hath  found  such  vent  in  forreync  parts  as  if  the 
Company  had  100,000  or  200,000  pceces  they  wold  bee  uttered  in 
short  time'. 

There  was  then  no  doubt  that  any  goods  of  this  nature  which  the 
factors  might  send  home  would  come  to  a  good  market ;  but  the 
difficulty  was  to  find  the  necessary  funds.  The  general  failure  of 
the  trade  in  the  Far  East,  and  the  troubles  with  the  Dutch,  had  so 
discouraged  the  shareholders  that  (as  we  have  seen)  they  showed 
an  increasing  unwillingness  to  meet  any  further  demands  upon 
their  purses.-     Meanwhile  the  expenses  in  the  East  on  ships  and 

'  He  added  that  English  merchants  now  carried  moie  commodities  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean than  tlicy  had  been  wont  to  fetch  from  thence  — a  significant  instance  of  the 
revolution  in  English  commerce  worked  by  the  establishment  of  direct  trade  with  the 
East. 

'  This  is  scarcely  surprising,  considering  that,  according  to  Sambrooke's  report,  the 


INTRODUCTION  xxxvii 

factories,  to  say  nothing  of  home  charges,  went  on  whether  the 
capital  available  for  investment  was  large  or  small  (pp.  294,  331); 
and  how  heavy  those  expenses  were  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
Thomas  Mun,  writing  about  1629,  calculated  that  each  100/.  sent 
to  the  East  ought  to  produce  at  least  350/.  to  avoid  a  loss  {England's 
Treasure  by  F arraign  Trade,  Ashley's  edition,  p.  37). 

A  natural  sequel  of  this  want  of  funds  on  the  part  of  the 
Company  was  a  great  increase  in  the  private  trade  carried  on  by 
the  factors.  When  the  Surat  Council  found  themselves  obliged  to 
borrow  money  at  interest  as  the  only  way  of  providing  cargoes  for 
England,  the  ships  they  sent  to  Gombroon  and  Bantam  necessarily 
carried  little  or  nothing  on  account  of  the  Company  (cf.  p.  330). 
Moreover,  in  the  former  case  there  were  further  reasons  for  ab- 
stention, namely,  first  the  hesitation  shown  by  the  Company  in 
deciding  whether  the  Persia  trade  should  or  should  not  be  con- 
tinued ;  and  secondly,  an  agreement  made  with  the  Shah  that  at 
least  one-fourth  of  the  Company's  importations  should  be  in  ready 
money.  The  gap  thus  caused  was  partly  filled  by  the  carriage  of 
goods  belonging  to  native  merchants,  which  not  only  yielded 
a  certain  amount  of  freight,  but  also  increased  the  customs  at 
Gombroon,  half  of  which  went  to  the  English  under  the  Ormus 
agreement ;  but  naturally  the  English  factors  and  seamen  thought 
that  they  too  should  be  allowed  to  profit  by  the  same  opportunity, 
especially  as  '  the  trade  of  these  parts,  even  from  porte  to  porte, 
....  doth  answere  50  per  cento  in  a  yeares  time  '  (p.  138) ;  and  so 
every  one  who  had  any  money  at  command  purchased  goods  for 
Gombroon  or  Bantam,  as  the  case  might  be,  and  expected  room  to 
be  found  for  his  bales  in  the  Company's  vessels.  This  was  in  addition 
to  the  private  trading  going  on  in  India  itself,  the  amount  of  which 
was  evidently  very  considerable,  shared  in  as  it  was  by  every  one, 
from  the  President  to  the  latest  comer.  In  vain  the  Company 
exacted  stringent  bonds  on  the  appointment  of  factors  or  brought 
actions  against  them  on  their  return  home  ;  in  vain  they  obtained 
from  King  Charles  a  proclamation  against  private  trade  (February  15, 
1628)  and  sent  it  to  the  East  as  a  warning  to  their  servants  (p.  297). 
Some  effort  seems  to  have  been    made   at   Surat   to  restrain  at 

result  of  the  Second  Joint  Stock  was  a  profit  of  only  \2\  per  cent,  in  all,  spread  over 
a  period  of  about  fifteen  years. 


xxxviii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

least  the  excessive  abuse  in  the  trade  between  that  place  and 
Gombroon;  but  in  April,  1630,  the  President  and  Council 
confessed  that  practically  every  one  employed  in  India  was  more 
or  less  a  private  trader.  On  this  subject  we  shall  hear  more  in  the 
next  volume. 

'  To  the  Southwards ' — by  which  comprehensive  though  vague 
term  the  factors  in  Western  India  designated  the  sister  Presidency 
of  Batavia  and  its  dependencies  (including  those  on  the  Coromandel 
Coast) — the  years  covered  by  the  present  volume  were  full  of 
misfortune  and  depression.  In  spite  of  the  abandonment  of  a 
number  of  unprofitable  factories  in  1623,  President  Brockedon  and 
his  Council  found  it  impossible  to  compete  with  their  Dutch  rivals, 
and  their  trade  suffered  accordingly.  The  disputes  between  the 
two  nations  were  rendered  still  more  bitter  by  the  judicial  murder 
of  the  English  factors  at  Amboyna  and  by  the  irritating  restrictions 
which  were  enforced  at  Batavia  by  the  Dutch.  At  last,  in  January, 
1624,  the  English  decided  to  take  the  first  opportunity  of  quitting 
that  city  and  establishing  a  settlement  of  their  own.  Some  island 
in  the  Sunda  Straits,  between  Sumatra  and  Java,  seemed  to  offer 
the  fairest  prospect  of  a  suitable  site  ;  and  in  August  Richard  Swan 
in  the  Charles  was  sent  thither  to  choose  a  place  for  a  settlement 
and  hoist  the  British  flag.  The  vigilant  Dutch  forestalled  him  at 
more  than  one  point,  but  he  succeeded  in  taking  possession  on 
October  8,  1624,  of  Lagundy,  the  largest  of  a  group  of  islands  in 
Lampong  Bay,  on  the  Sumatran  side  of  the  Straits.  At  the  end 
of  November  the  English  quitted  Batavia  for  the  new  settlement, 
which  was  reached  on  December  5.  The  group  was  renamed  the 
Charles  Islands,  and  '  for  a  long  time  after  ',  wrote  the  factors,  '  we 
remayned  affiant  of  a  happy  plantacion.'  When  the  monsoon 
changed,  however,  it  was  found  that  the  place  was  exceedingly 
unhealthy.  The  settlers  '  fell  like  sheepe  infected ' ;  the  ships  lay 
rotting  in  the  road  for  want  of  men  to  man  them ;  and  by  the 
beginning  of  April  more  than  half  of  the  rapidly  dwindling  garrison 
were  on  the  sick  list.  After  another  month's  struggle  Henry 
Hawley  (who  had  become  President  on  Brockedon's  departure  for 
England  on  February  8,  1625)  and  his  Council  were  forced  to 
swallow  their  pride  and  send  a  vessel  to  Batavia  to  beg  help  from 
the  Dutch.     It  is  pleasant  to  record  that  the  latter  behaved  with 


INTRODUCTION  xxxix 

the  greatest  humanity,  dispatched  ships  to  Lagundy,  and  at  their 
own  expense  brought  the  survivors  and  their  goods  back  to  Batavia 
(May  31,  1625). 

This  kindness  brought  about  more  amicable  relations  between  the 
two  nations ;  but  after  a  time  the  old  discords  revived.  The 
English  made  a  special  grievance  of  the  war  which  the  Dutch 
insisted  upon  maintaining  against  Bantam,  which  would  otherwise 
have  been  a  handy  source  of  pepper ;  and  it  was  with  no  small 
satisfaction  that  the  President  and  Council  received,  early  in  1628, 
instructions  from  home  to  quit  Batavia  once  more  and  establish 
themselves  at  Bantam,  the  ruler  of  which  had  for  some  time 
expressed  his  willingness  to  receive  them.  They  departed  accord- 
ingly on  January  16,  1628,  and  a  few  days  later  the  whole 
establishment  was  settled  at  Bantam.  Hawley,  who  was  too  ill 
to  remain,  sailed  for  England  on  February  18,  leaving  Richard  Bix 
as  President.  He  in  turn  departed  towards  the  end  of  the  year, 
when  George  Muschamp  took  up  the  reins  of  office.  He  was  still 
President  when  the  volume  closes. 

Having  thus  glanced  at  the  course  of  events  at  the  seat  of  the 
Presidency,  we  turn  to  the  subordinate  settlements  with  which  we 
are  more  immediately  concerned.  Masulipatam  was  of  course  the 
most  important  of  these  ;  but  before  following  its  history  during 
the  six  years  with  which  we  are  dealing,  we  may  give  a  brief 
account  of  an  attempt  which  was  made  direct  from  Batavia  in  1624 
to  open  up  a  trade  on  the  Indian  littoral  in  the  dominions  of  the 
Nayak  of  Tanjur. 

This  venture  was  prompted  by  the  glowing  reports  of  that 
district  given  by  an  Englishman,  John  Johnson,  who  had  come 
out  '  master  in  one  of  the  Danes  shipps  V  ^ndj  having  been  left 
at  Tranquebar,  had  made  his  way  to  Masulipatam  and  thence  to 
Batavia.  He  declared  that  the  Danes  had  procured  an  ample 
supply  of  pepper,  and  that  the  Portuguese  bought  large  quantities 
of  excellent  calico  there  ;  that  the  Dutch  were  eager  to  establish 
themselves  in  the  Nayak's  territories,  but  he  would  have  nothing  to 
do  with  them,  though  he  was  not  only  willing  but  anxious  to  receive 

'  i.e.  the  Christian,  which  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Ceylon  (1622-23  volume,  p. 52;. 
For  charges  against  Johnson  relative  to  his  pre\-ious  proceedings  see  the  Court  Minutes  of 
April  8,  1626. 


xl  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

the  English  and  grant  them  favourable  terms.  Moved  by  these 
representations,  the  President  and  Council  at  Batavia  decided  to 
send  to  the  Nayak's  port  of  Karikal  the  ship  Hart  (Captain 
Bickley),  with  Mr.  Joseph  Cockram,  one  of  the  Batavia  Council, 
as  '  cheife  director ',  and  four  English  assistants.  The  stock  was 
fixed  at  52,000  rials,  four-fifths  of  which  was  to  be  invested  in 
pepper  and  the  rest  in  calicoes  ;  and  a  letter  was  written  to  the 
Nayak  requesting  his  gracious  treatment  of  the  factors  and  the 
concession  of  the  necessary  privileges.  With  them  went  John 
Johnson  as  pilot. 

The  experiment  turned  out  a  complete  failure.  The  Hart 
quitted  Batavia  on  March  27,  1624,  accompanied  by  the  Unity, 
which  was  to  proceed  with  her  to  the  Coast  and  then  to  go  on  to 
Masulipatam.  The  voyage  was  a  long  one,  for  it  was  not  until 
May  21  that  the  Indian  littoral  was  sighted,  their  landfall  being 
near  Tegnapatam.  Apparently  the  Unity  then  proceeded  to  her 
destination,  while  her  consort,  coasting  along  in  a  southerly  direc- 
tion, passed  the  new  Danish  fort  at  Tranquebar  and  anchored  at 
Karikal  on  May  23.  Next  day  the  Captain  went  ashore  and  was 
received  with  every  mark  of  welcome  by  the  Governor,  who  at 
once  dispatched  to  Tanjur  the  news  of  the  arrival  of  an  English 
ship.  While  awaiting  a  reply,  the  Danes  made  two  attempts  to 
frighten  away  the  new-comers,  alleging  that  they  held  an  exclusive 
concession  from  the  Nayak  for  all  the  ports  between  Nagapatam 
and  Pulicat ;  but  Cockram  and  Bickley  returned  defiant  answers 
and  nothing  more  was  said.  On  June  8,  in  response  to  an  invitation 
from  the  Nayak,  the  English  merchants  departed  for  Tanjur, '  where 
they  were  all  ryall[y]  entertained  both  by  the  King  himselfe  and 
also  by  his  noblemen,  and  were  by  the  King  his  owne  mouthe 
promised  free  trade  and  allsoe  that  they  should  have  the  porte  of 
J'  Carracall  at  any  [?  an]  easye  rate  ;  but  the  Portinga[ls]  and  the 
''  Danes  were  greatly  agaynst  yt,  but  moste  of  all  the  Danes  were  our 
deadly  and  moste  cruell  enimyes'  (p.  15).  The  latter,  it  is  alleged, 
gave  the  Nayak  '  great  bribes  ' — a  species  of  argument  Cockram  did 
not  feel  himself  at  liberty  to  employ  ;  and  when  he  was  confronted 
with  a  demand  for  a  yearly  payment  of  7,000  rials  of  eight  for 
permission  to  use  the  port  of  Karikal,  he  broke  off  the  negotiations 
and  returned  to  the  Hart  (July  9).     The  English  were  the  less 


INTRODUCTION  xli 

disposed  to  satisfy  the  Nayak's  greed  for  money,  in  that  they  found 
the  pepper  of  the  country  to  be  limited  in  quantity  and  '  of  a  very 
small  sort  and  that  allwayes  much  wett  with  the  fresh  water  in 
portage  from  the  upland  mountaines '  (p.  19). 

After  paying  a  visit  to  the  Danes  at  Tranquebar,  where  the 
merchants  were  hospitably  entertained,  the  ship  sailed  on  July  17 
and,  after  calling  at  Tegnapatam,  anchored  off  Pondicherri  on 
July  19.  The  Governor  of  the  district  came  on  board  and  begged 
Cockram  to  settle  a  factory  in  that  port ;  but  answer  was  made 
that  it  would  be  necessary  first  to  obtain  permission  from  Batavia.^ 
The  Hart  sailed  again  on  August  3,  and  four  days  later  reached 
Masulipatam,  where  they  found  the  Unity,  which  had  only  survived 
with  difficulty  the  passage  from  Batavia,  and  was  now  condemned 
to  be  broken  up.  At  Masulipatam  the  Hart  remained  till  October  5, 
and  then  returned  to  Batavia,  reaching  that  port  on  November  20. 
Johnson  was  blamed  '  for  deluding  us  in  the  busines  of  Tanjour ' 
and  punished  by  withholding  his  wages.  He  was.  however,  per- 
mitted to  return  to  England,  where  he  succeeded  in  persuading  the 
Court  that  the  fault  lay  with  the  merchants  rather  than  with  him, 
and  he  was  paid  his  wages  accordingly.  He  was  then  sent  out 
again  as  master  in  the  Discovery  in  1626,  and  died  on  the  return 
voyage  two  years  later  (p.  2 1 8). 

Of  events  at  Masulipatam  during  the  first  two  years  of  the  period 
here  treated  we  have  but  scanty  information,  for  all  the  letters 
written  by  the  factors  there  seem  to  have  perished,  though  we  have 
a  short  extract  from  one  of  them  copied  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

At  the  beginning  of  1624  the  factory  was  under  the  charge  of 
Thomas  Mills.  His  second  was  Francis  Futter,  who  is  referred  to 
as  having  to  stand  a  trial  at  Golconda  (p.  5)  and  fallen  into  much 
misery  (p.  12) — an  episode  regarding  which  we  have  no  further 

^  It  was  decided  by  the  President  and  Council  on  January  12,  1625,  that  the  dispatch 
of  a  ship  to  Pondicherri  should  '  bee  seriously  considered  of ' ;  but  the  troubles  that  ensued 
prevented  further  attention  being  paid  to  the  matter.  A  year  later  a  letter  from  Batavia 
to  the  Company  states  that  the  Danes  had  *  intercepted  our  intended  factory  at  Podisera  for 
paintings'  (p.  119).  A  Dutch  letter  from  Pulicat  towards  the  close  of  1625  {Hague 
Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  vii.  no.  225)  mentions  that  the  Danes  had  endeavoured  to 
procure  calicoes  at  *  Poulo  Cera '  and  Porto  Novo ;  and  a  later  letter  {ibid.,  vol.  viii. 
no.  240)  says  that  the  Danish  merchants  left  at  both  places  had  been  imprisoned  by  the 
Nayak. 


xlii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

information,  though  we  know  that  Futter  was  back  in  England  at 
the  end  of  1625.  The  dispatch  of  the  Unity  from  Batavia  to 
Masulipatam  has  already  been  mentioned.  She  carried  thither 
a  stock  of  20,000  rials  of  eight,  besides  a  cargo  of  goods  ;  and  later 
in  the  year  a  Dutch  ship  brought  letters  from  the  English  President 
instructing  the  factors  to  make  a  large  investment  in  diamonds. 

In  March,  1625,  the  President  and  Council  received  letters  from 
Masulipatam  which  disclosed  '  janglings  and  distractions  there ' 
(p.  118).  Five  months  later  they  dispatched  thither  the  pinnace 
Rose  with  a  supply  of  money  and  goods  to  the  value  of  over 
34,000  rials.  She  was  cast  away  on  the  Indian  coast  with  the  loss 
of  seventeen  lives  ;  her  goods,  however,  were  saved  and  brought  to 
Masulipatam  by  two  Danish  vessels.  The  factors  wrote  letters 
thence  in  November,  1625,  which  are  no  longer  extant ;  but  they 
are  summarized  as  showing  that  '  our  trade  lieth  there  also  on 
bleeding,  cheefly  by  wicked  devices  of  Governours,  tolerated  by 
their  weake  spirited  King,  and  partly  animated  by  the  disagreements 
between  us  and  the  Dutch'  (p.  119).  From  a  letter  written  in 
December  we  learn  that  Mills  had  determined  to  re-establish  the 
factory  at  Petapoli,  with  Edward  Trafford  as  chief ;  but  the  intention 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  carried  out  till  towards  the  end  of 
February,  1626,  when  Trafford  proceeded  thither  with  a  small 
stock  of  goods  and  money.  Mills  found  him  there  on  March  4 
(p.  135),  but  he  appears  to  have  died  between  that  date  and  June  11 

(p-  145)- 

Early  in  1626  a  new  and  important  chapter  in  the  history  of  the 

English  on  the  Coromandel  Coast  was  begun.     The  reasons  which 

had  led  them  to  desire  a  foothold  first  in  Pulicat  and  then  in  Tanjur 

territory  still  held  good,  and  orders  had  reached  Masulipatam  from 

Batavia  to  search  for  a  suitable  site  for  a  settlement  in  the  Hindu 

country  to  the  southwards,  where  they  might  buy  calicoes  at  a  cheap 

rate  and  be  free  from  the  exactions  of  the  Musalman  officials.     In 

the  previous  volume  (p.    193)  we  found  recorded  under  date  of 

February  8,   1623,  an  invitation  from  '  the  greateste  man  in  this 

quarter  ...  to  seat  ourselves  within  his  authorytie ' ;  and  we  now 

learn  (p.  117)  that  Mills,  while  stationed  at  Pulicat,  had  *  had  some 

experience  of  a  place  called  Armagon,^  about  forty  miles  north  of 

^  Armagon,   or  Durgarazpatnam,  lies  on  the  coast  at  the  northern  end  of  the  great 


INTRODUCTION  xliii 

the  Dutch  fortress,  and  since  his  transfer  to  Masulipatam  had  re- 
ceived a  pressing  invitation  to  settle  there  from  the  native  merchants, 
backed  by  a  letter  from  the  Nayak  of  the  district,^  promising 
a  favourable  reception.  It  was  accordingly  decided  (January  26, 
1626)  that  Mills,  accompanied  by  two  other  factors  and  a  number 
of  sailors  from  the  shipwrecked  Rose^  should  proceed  thither  to 
establish  a  factory.  As  no  English  ship  was  available,  a  native 
boat  was  hired,  and  in  this  Mills  and  his  companions  started 
at  the  end  of  January,-  without  letting  the  Dutch  at  Masulipatam 
know  anything  about  their  intentions.  They  were  received  at 
Armagon  wdth  every  sign  of  satisfaction  by  the  inhabitants,  and 
the  Nayak,  who  was  then  engaged  in  the  siege  of  a  fort  some 
twenty  miles  away,  invited  them  to  repair  at  once  to  his  camp. 
There  they  found  an  unexpected  opponent  in  the  person  of  a  native 
who  had  been  dispatched  from  Pulicat  by  the  Dutch  to  prevent  any 
concession  being  made  to  the  English.  He  is  said  to  have  bribed 
lavishly  and  to  have  made  a  tempting  offer  to  the  Nayak  himself  on 
condition  that  he  would  send  the  English  empty  away  ;  but  the 
latter  pleaded  that  they  had  come  at  the  Nayak's  express  invitation 
and  in  reliance  upon  his  promises  of  favour.  An  offer  from  the 
Dutch  representative  of  two  pieces  of  ordnance  shook  his  resolution 
for  a  moment  ;  but  the  English  promised  in  their  turn  to  bring  him 
a  cannon,  and  he  thereupon  decided  to  grant  them  the  desired 
concession.  By  this  the  factors  were  permitted  free  trade  in  all 
parts  of  his  dominions,  while  the  Dutch  were  absolutely  excluded. 
For  customs  the  duties  were  fixed  at  one  per  cent,  on  imports 
(treasure  excepted)  and  three  per  cent,  on  exports  (pp.  129,  133).^ 

lagoon  known  as  the  Pulicat  Lake,  while  Pulicat  lies  at  the  southern  extremity.  To  the 
south-eastward  of  Armagon,  under  the  shelter  of  the  Armagon  Shoal,  is  an  anchorage 
known  as  Blackwood's  Harbour,  because  it  was  surveyed  in  1821  at  the  instance  of  Sir 
Henry  Blackwood  (Nelson's  friend),  who  was  then  Commander-in-Chief  on  the  East 
Indies  station.  '  It  is  the  only  place  on  the  Coromandel  Coast  which  offers  any  real 
protection  to  ships  during  an  easterly  gale '  (^Madras  Manual  of  the  Administration, 
vol.  iii.  p.  281). 

^  Probably  the  Nayak  of  Venkatagiri.  The  Dutch  accounts  style  him  '  Tyma  Neyck  ' 
[?  Timma  Nayaka],  'Terra  Wackepatney,'  and  '  Wenckepatneyck '  [?  Venkatapati 
Nayaka]  ;  but  Mr.  Sewell  has  been  unable  to  trace  any  of  these  names  in  the  pedigree  of 
the  Venkatagiri  family. 

''■  The  dates  given  in  the  three  accounts  on  pp.  120,  128,  and  132  are  all  different. 

^  The  Dutch  accounts  allege  that  the  duties  agreed  upon  were  three  per  cent,  on 
imports  and  exports  alike. 


xHv  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Further,  the  Nayak  is  said  to  have  'given  order  for  a  spacious 
compass  of  ground,  whereon  we  might  build  castle,  house,  or  what 
we  thought  fitting',  and  to  have  promised  '  to  stamp  us  both  pagodas 
and  fanams  also  in  our  own  house,  paying  i|  per  cent.'  (p.  128}, 
The  exclusion  of  the  Dutch  not  only  from  Armagon  but  also  from 
'  Cottepatnam  V  was,  we  may  note,  a  great  grievance  with  them,  as 
they  alleged  that  they  had  traded  at  the  latter  port  for  many  years 
{Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  vii.  no.  233,  and  vol.  viii.  nos.  239, 
240,  246,  and  258). 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  accounts  given  in  the  present  volume 
lend  no  support  to  the  tradition  that  Armagon  was  a  new  name 
given  to  the  settlement  by  the  English  in  recognition  of  the 
assistance  they  received  from  the  local  headman,  Armugam  Muda- 
liar.  Every  indication  points  to  its  having  been  the  name  of  the 
place  before  the  English  thought  of  settling  there ;  while  so  far 
from  having  received  any  special  assistance  from  the  Governor,  they 
complain  on  pp.  129,  131  of  his  avaricious  dealings  and  his  'practices 
of  villany ',  and  he  seems  to  have  been  removed  in  consequence  of 
their  complaints  (p.  343). 

On  his  return  to  Armagon,  Mills  at  once  proceeded  to  mark  out 
the  ground  for  the  new  settlement — a  work  which  involved  the 
pulling  down  of  a  number  of  native  houses.  He  gives  the  limits 
of  the  ground  as  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  by  one  hundred 
(p.  134),  but  the  space  actually  enclosed  by  the  wall  which  the 
factors  proceeded  to  raise  is  stated  to  have  been  ninety  by  sixty 
(p.  129).  Thomas  Johnson  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  settlement, 
with  two  assistants,  and  on  March  i  Mills  proceeded  overland  to 
Masulipatam.  Writing  in  April  Johnson  says  that  they  have 
finished  their  wall  and  are  now  erecting  a  small  house.  A  month 
later  he  reports  that  the  settlement '  rests  very  hopeful ',  though  the 
Dutch  are  doing  all  they  can  to  hinder  them  (p.  130).  The  '  new 
fair  mansion  brick  house'  was  taken  possession  of  on  May  21,  1626, 
and  soon  after  Johnson  wrote  to  Masulipatam  for  guns  to  mount  in 
its  windows,^  as  an  attack  upon  the  town  was  feared  (p.  132). 

'  Kottapatnam,  stili  the  chief  port  in  Nellore  district.  As  this  then  belonged  to  the 
Nayak,  the  boundary  of  the  Golconda  kingdom,  as  given  in  the  map  prefixed  to  the 
1 61 8-2 1  volume  of  this  series,  is  drawn  too  far  south.  Probably  it  should  follow  the 
Gundlakamma  River. 

^  Apparently  these  were  sent,  for  a  Dutch  letter  from  Pnlicat  in  June,  1627,  described 


INTRODUCTION  xlv 

About  the  same  time  Mills,  in  reporting  his  proceedings  to  Batavia, 
urged  that  a  fort  should  be  erected  at  Armagon.  '  Were  we  once 
fortified  ',  he  said,  '  we  should  draw  infinite  of  all  sorts  of  people  .  .  . 
and  in  time  we  should  get  the  whole  government  of  the  place  into 
our  own  hands  '  (p.  135). 

We  have  already  mentioned  the  dispatch  of  the  pinnace 
Falcon  to  Masulipatam  from  Surat  in  the  spring  of  1626.  She 
reached  her  destination  at  the  beginning  of  May,  and  sailed  again 
on  June  11,  but  did  not  get  to  Batavia  until  late  in  September 
(pp.  144,  145).  The  arrival  of  a  vessel  from  England  with  a  good 
supply  of  money  enabled  the  President  there  to  send  another 
pinnace,  ih^  Abigail,  to  the  Coromandel  Coast  with  a  cargo  invoiced 
at  52,000  rials.  She  carried  also  some  stores  and  twenty  men  for 
the  new  settlement,  besides  two  new  factors  to  assist  Johnson  there, 
and  three  for  the  Petapoli  factory.  Mills  was  to  see  to  the  delivery 
of  a  letter  and  present  to  the  '  Naick  of  Armagon '  and  to  secure, 
if  possible,  the  grant  of  fresh  privileges.  He  was  then  to  return  to 
Batavia  to  answer  certain  charges  which  had  been  preferred  against 
him,  leaving  affairs  at  Masulipatam  in  the  hands  of  George  Brewen, 
who  was  specially  sent  to  relieve  him,  with  Robert  Hawley  as  his 
chief  assistant  (p.  146). 

The  scanty  documents  available  for  1627  include  nothing  from 
either  Armagon  or  Masulipatam  ;  but  we  glean  a  few  leading  facts 
from  the  letters  written  at  other  settlements  and  from  the  Dutch 
records  of  the  time.  The  latter  relate  that  on  the  arrival  of  the 
Abigail,  the  English  at  Armagon  (about  May,  1627)  took  up  to 
the  Nayak  the  promised  piece  of  ordnance,  with  ammunition  and 
other  presents  to  the  value  of  i  ,000  pardaos.  While  in  the  great 
man's  camp  the  escort  much  incensed  him  by  firing  a  volley  of 
musketry  when  he  was  asleep,  and  in  his  anger  he  would  have  had 
them  all  killed  had  not  one  of  his  chief  men  persuaded  him  to 
overlook  the  offence.  We  are  also  told  that  the  merchants  at 
Armagon  had  come  into  collision  with  the  Governor  there,  with  the 
result  that  for  a  time  the  factoiy  was  deprived  of  supplies  of  food 
and  water.^ 

the  English  house  at  Armagon  as  being  fitted  with  four  iron  sakers  to  fire  through  the 
windows.     It  is  added  that  the  building,  which  is  covered  with  tiles,  is  surrounded  by 
a  mud  wall  without  bastions  (Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  258). 
^  For  all  this  see  the  Hagtie  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  nos.  258,  261,  273. 


xlvi  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

The  Morris  from  Surat  arrived  at  Masulipatam  on  April  27, 
1627,  with  a  cargo  that  had  cost  about  1,900/.  (p.  200).  From  that 
port  she  went  on  to  Armagon,  and  thence  on  August  14  sailed  for 
Batavia,  which  was  reached  two  months  later.  IMills  had  intended 
to  embark  in  her,  but  was  so  ill  that  he  was  forced  to  v/ait  for  the 
Abigail,  which  was  then  being  refitted  (p.  182).  She  sailed  in  turn 
for  Armagon  and  Batavia  on  October  15  (p.  200),  but  apparently 
Mills  was  not  on  board  ;  and  he  must  have  died  during  the  next 
few  months,  for  when  next  we  hear  of  the  factory  Brewen  is  in 
charge. 

The  ships  that  reached  Surat  in  1627  had  brought  out  an 
intimation  that  the  Company  had  decided  to  dissolve  the  factory 
at  Masulipatam  (pp.  251,  278}.  The  object  no  doubt  was  to  re- 
duce expenses,  which  seemed  the  less  justifiable  now  that  a  fac- 
tory had  been  established  at  Armagon  for  the  provision  of  such 
calico  goods  as  were  still  needed  for  Bantam  ;  and  though  the 
President  and  Council  at  the  latter  place  were  doubtful  of  the 
advisability  of  surrendering  the  factory  at  Masulipatam,  they  ad- 
mitted that  the  abuses  suffered  there  '  by  the  evell  disposicion  of 
the  Governour '  had  'growne  unsuferable  '  (p.  278).  The  decision 
was  duly  communicated  to  the  factors  concerned,  and  a  promise 
was  given  that  a  vessel  should  be  dispatched  from  Bantam  to 
enable  them  to  carry  out  their  instructions.  However,  the  summer 
of  1628  passed  without  any  sign  of  the  promised  ship;  and  in 
September  Brewen  and  his  colleagues  decided  to  wait  no  longer. 
Procuring  a  native  boat,  they  set  sail  secretly  on  the  27th  of 
that  month  for  Armagon.  The  bulk  of  their  stock  they  had  already 
sent  in  a  Dutch  ship  to  Pulicat  for  storage  ;  the  remainder  was  left 
behind  under  the  charge  of  Richard  Hudson,  with  directions  to 
remove  to  a  smaller  house  and  to  do  his  best  to  get  in  certain 
debts.  To  the  Governor  they  sent  a  defiant  letter  enumerating 
their  grievances,  and  intimating  that  they  had  no  intention  of 
returning  unless  they  were  afforded  redress. 

On  the  last  day  of  1628  the  Swallow  reached  Armagon  from 
Bantam ;  and  a  little  later  a  sum  of  about  40c/.  was  remitted  to 
the  factors  from  Surat  (p.  325).  The  ship's  first  employment  was 
to  fetch  from  Pulicat  the  goods  from  Masulipatam  of  which  the 
Dutch  had  kindly  taken  charge.     This  done,  on  January  29  she  set 


INTRODUCTION  xlvii 

out  for  Masulipatam,  in  company  with  the  pinnace  Forttine,  con- 
structed out  of  the  native  boat  in  which  the  factors  had  made  their 
escape  to  Armagon.  Brewen  was  in  charge,  and  the  object  of  his 
mission  was  to  recover,  if  possible,  the  debts  left  behind  at  that 
place.  On  arriving  in  the  road,  a  letter  was  sent  to  the  Governor, 
intimating  the  English  demands.  He  replied  by  inviting  Brewen 
and  his  colleagues  to  come  ashore,  when  their  debts  should  be  paid 
and  freedom  of  trade  secured  to  them  ;  but  to  this  invitation 
a  decided  refusal  was  returned.  Several  small  junks  that  arrived 
a  day  or  two  later  were  promptly  arrested,  and  Brewen  sent  word 
to  the  Governor  that  they  would  not  be  released  until  satisfaction 
was  given.  On  the  night  of  February  19  the  Dutch  residents, 
having  resolved  to  abandon  their  factory,  made  their  escape  to  the 
English  ships  ;  and  shortly  after,  on  the  arrival  of  some  of  their 
own  shipping,  the  Hollanders  commenced  a  systematic  blockade 
of  Masulipatam.  Some  negotiations  appear  to  have  now  taken 
place,  in  consequence  of  which  one  of  the  English  factors  was  sent 
ashore  to  receive  payment  for  the  debts,  which  were  to  be  dis- 
charged partly  in  cloth  ;  and  shortly  after  the  junks  were  released. 
On  March  20  a  statement  of  the  terms  on  which  the  English  were 
prepared  to  resume  their  commerce  with  'the  kingdom  of  Golconda ' 
(p.  317)  was  delivered  to  the  Governor  ;  and  this  seems  to  have 
been  transmitted  to  the  capital  with  a  request  for  instructions.  No 
answer  was  returned — or  at  least  none  was  communicated  to  the 
English — and  at  the  beginning  of  May  it  was  decided  to  return  to 
Armagon,  after  intimating  to  the  Governor  that  their  claims  against 
him  on  account  of  damages  sustained  and  loss  of  trade  amounted 
to  53,000  pagodas.  Great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  fetching 
the  desired  port,  for  twice  the  Szvallozv  was  beaten  back  by  contrary 
winds  and  currents  ;  and  it  was  not  until  about  June  6  that  she 
managed  to  reach  Armagon.  She  sailed  for  Bantam  about  June  25, 
carrying  Brewen  and  Johnson.  In  a  letter  sent  by  her,  Henley  and 
Bix,  the  two  factors  left  in  charge  at  Armagon,  wrote  urging  the 
necessity  of  fortifying  the  settlement,  as  although  the  Nayak  still 
showed  himself  well  disposed  towards  them,  and  had  recently  dis- 
placed the  Governor  of  the  town  upon  their  complaint,  he  had 
'  many  mallignant  knaves  about  him  '  who  had  given  a  great  deal 
of  trouble  ;  '  beesides,  this  Naige  stands  uppon  doubtfull  tearmes 


xlviii  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

wheather  hee  shall  keepe  his  cuntry,  for  hee  is  a  usurper  and  the 
true  King  doth  daylie  take  from  him  and  his  fellowes  confederates ' 
(p.  343).  They  were  on  good  terms  with  their  Dutch  neighbours, 
but  were  under  some  apprehensions  with  regard  to  the  Portuguese 
at  S.  Thome,  who  had  recently  ventured  into  Pulicat  Road  and 
burnt  a  junk  in  despite  of  the  Dutch  castle.  Of  their  poverty  and 
want  of  means  they  drew  a  dismal  picture  ;  and  we  may  note  that 
among  the  supplies  for  which  they  were  longing  they  included 
a  quantity  of  '  gould  to  minte  into  pagodes,  wee  having  the  chopp 
or  stampt  nowe  in  this  towne '  (p.  343).  A  further  letter  of 
August  20,  1629,  informed  the  Bantam  Council  that  unless  relief 
came  they  would  be  obliged  to  apply  again  to  the  Dutch  for  a  loan 
to  pay  their  household  expenses.  Some  overtures  had  been  re- 
ceived from  Masulipatam,  and  these  were  referred  to  the  President 
and  Council.  '  The  greate  Kinge  of  the  Gentewes ' — meaning 
apparently  the  Chandragiri  Raja — had  reduced  all  the  Nayaks  to 
submission,  save  the  one  in  whose  dominions  Armagon  was  situated, 
and  they  feared  that  the  latter  would  not  long  be  able  to  hold 
out  (p.  346). 

The  Swallow,  in  a  very  leaky  condition,  reached  Bantam  on 
August  17.  Reviewing  the  situation  some  two  months  later  in 
a  letter  to  the  Company,  President  Muschamp  and  his  colleagues 
hinted  a  desire  to  re-establish  trade  with  Masulipatam,  as  '  the  sorts 
of  cloth  there  provided '  were  much  needed  for  sale  at  Jambi  and 
Macassar.  Of  the  goods  that  had  been  obtained  at  Armagon  they 
spoke  in  terms  of  some  disparagement,  while  admitting  the  diffi- 
culties under  which  the  factors  had  laboured  for  want  of  means. 
They  mentioned  that  the  Nayak  had  granted  *  large  priveledges  for 
the  confirmation  of  our  trade,  with  libertie  to  fortifie  for  our  owne 
securitie ',  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  Dutch  to  bribe  him  to 
'  infringe  his  covenants  made  with  us '.  As  regards  the  settlement 
itself,  we  learn  that  it  had  twelve  pieces  of  ordnance  mounted  in 
and  about  the  house,  and  that  the  number  of  factors  and  soldiers 
was  twenty-three  in  all.  The  question  of  further  expenditure  upon 
fortification  was  referred  to  the  decision  of  the  Company  (p.  359). 
Such  was  the  situation  at  the  close  of  1629. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES    IN    INDIA 

1624-29 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Dolphin  at  Swally  by 
President  Rastell  and  Messrs.  James,  Bangham,  Martin, 
AND  Hoare,  January  7,  1624  [Factory  Records,  Stir  at,  vol.  i. 
p.  80). 

The  Company  having  by  their  last  letters  empowered  the 
Council  to  increase  the  wages  of  their  servants  in  India,  the 
following  decisions  are  come  to,  subject  to  their  confirmation  at 
home:  (i)  Robert  Tottle,  who  has  served  from  1614  and  has 
received  no  wages  until  the  last  two  years,  is  given  30/.  a  year  for 
the  future.  (2)  John  Bangham,  who  has  hitherto  had  no  wages, 
is  allowed  50/.  per  annum.  (3)  John  Leachland  is  to  have  60/. 
per  annum.  (4)  Joseph  Hopkinson,  in  view  of  his  past  services 
and  his  appointment  as  accountant,  is  to  receive  loc/.  per  annum 
in  future.  Examination  having  been  made  of  the  charges  against 
certain  sailors  of  pilfering  from  the  natives,  the  question  is  adjourned 
until  the  return  of  the  ^/^jj-zV/^.     {Copy.     2  pp.) 

John  Facy,  Purser's  Mate  of  the  Reformation  [at 
Sv^ally],  to  the  Governor  of  the  Company,  January  8, 
1624  {O.C.  1 140). 

His  mate,  Thomas  Read,  is  dead,  and  has  left  his  accounts  in 
great  confusion.  Has  done  his  best  to  put  them  straight,  and  now 
transmits  a  book  of  wills  and  inventories  of  deceased  men,  with  the 
inventories  of  some  who  deserted  at  Ormus.  The  provisions 
brought  from  England  have  proved  very  good.  Billings,  the  late 
purser  of  the  Whale,  has  been  appointed  by  the  President  and 
Council  to  be  purser  of  the  Reformation.  Will  write  again  from 
Bantam,     (i/.) 

FOSTER    III  B 

^7 


a  THE    ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Consultation  held  in  Batavia  by  President  Brockedon 
AND  Council,  January  8,  1624  [Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
part  ii.  p.  127). 

Whereas  John  Johnson,  '  late  master  in  one  of  the  Danes  shipps,' 
has  given  information  regarding  an  opening  for  trade  in  the  King 
of  Tanjur's  country,  which  may  prove  very  beneficial,  they  have 
offered  him  61.  per  month  to  proceed  in  the  ship  intended  thither. 
Refusing  this,  he  is  granted  leave  to  go  to  England  in  the  next 
shipping,^  and  is  given  50  rials  of  eight  towards  his  expenses  here. 
{Extract  otily.     ^  /.) 

Extract  from  a  Dutch  Letter  from  Ispahan,  January  y\, 
1624  {O.C.  1141).'^ 
The  Portuguese  came  by  night  with  rowing  vessels  under  Ormus 
Castle  and  set  fire  to  the  Reformation  and  two  native  ships.  The 
latter  were  wholly  burnt,  but  the  flames  in  the  Reformation  were 
quenched  with  the  aid  of  the  Hollanders.  The  assailants  were 
detected  by  the  watch  on  the  Dutch  ships,  who  fired  several  shots 
at  them.  The  Refo7'mation  was  in  great  peril,  having  forty  sick 
men  on  board.  The  Dutch  lent  sixteen  men  to  carry  her  to  Surat ; 
otherwise  she  could  not  have  sailed.     (|  /.) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Company,  January  17,  1624  {Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
part  ii.  p.  214). 

They  intend  to  send  the  Hart  to  the  place  the  Danes  have 
fortified  on  the  Coast  of  Coromandel,  where  they  understand  that 
good  cloths  and  paintings  and  store  of  pepper  may  be  had.  The 
prince  of  that  country  has  sent  a  letter  inviting  them  to  trade  in  his 
dominions  ;  and  they  are  told  that  '  the  Danes  in  ten  weeks  time 
have  laden  three  or  four  hundred  tonnes  of  pepper,  and  that  the 

'  Johnson  changed  his  mind  and  went  to  Tanjiir  as  desired. 

'  With  an  English  translation  ((?.  C.  1142).  The  extract  was  delivered  by  the  Dutch 
East  India  Company  to  Mr.  Barlow,  the  English  Company's  agent  at  Amsterdam,  and 
was  transmitted  by  him  to  his  employers.  A  reference  was  made  to  the  matter  at 
a  General  Court  held  on  December  10,  1624;  but  at  a  subsequent  meeting  (March  30, 
1625)  the  Governor  said  that  '  the  Dutch  do  give  out  that  they  did  this  Company  some 
favour  in  saving  one  of  our  shipps  from  bumnig,  but  it  appeares  there  was  no  such  thing.' 
The  Reformation  was  at  Ormus  in  the  rainy  season  of  1623.  The  Dutch  vessel  was 
the  Ileiisden  {Hague  Transcripts,  series  i,  vol.  vi.  no,  198). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  3 

Portugalls  buy  almost  all  their  cloth  in  that  country.  Hee  is 
accounted  the  most  warlike  prince  in  all  those  parts,  an  observer 
of  justice,  and  will  protect  all  those  that  trade  in  his  country.' 
The  Unity  is  to  go  to  Masulipatam  with  a  suitable  capital,  but  less 
than  usual,  in  view  of  the  venture  to  Tanjur.     [Extract.     ^  p.) 

Henry  Hawley  at  Batavia  to  Thomas  Keightley^  in 
London,  January  17,  1624  {O.C.  1145). 

They  have  received  commendations  of  '  Tanjoer ',  as  providing 
commodities  '  both  better  cheape  and  more  plenty  then  at  Masula- 
patan,  more  convenient  for  shipping,  pepper  and  other  comodities 
there  growinge.'  Having  seen  samples  of  the  cloth,  they  have 
decided  to  send  a  ship  in  the  spring  to  plant  a  factory  there. 
{Extract.     ^  /.     Much  damaged) 

President  Rastell  at  Surat  to  the  King  of  Socotra, 
February  9,  1624  {O.C  1148). 

Received  His  Highness's  letters  by  his  servants, '  Sade  Sheckaune ' 
[Said  Shaikhan]  and  '  Essuf  Turcke '  [Yusuf  Turki],  whom  Rastell 
has  always  assisted  with  his  best  furtherance.  Thanks  the  King 
for  his  favour  to  the  English.  Has  sent  his  letter  \see  previous 
volume,  p.  343  7z.]  to  King  James.  As  regards  his  desire  of 
assistance  with  ships  and  soldiers  against  his  enemy  the  King 
of '  Share '  [Shehr],  the  English  are  willing  to  do  him  service,  but 
cannot  this  year,  owing  to  want  of  vessels.  Besides,  so  weighty 
a  business  requires  consideration  'and  conditions  on  both  sides'. 
Desires  that  he  will  not  receive  into  his  ships  the  goods  or  persons 
of  those  enemies  of  the  English, '  the  Dabulliers  and  Chaulemen.' 
{Substance  of  a  letter  in  Persian.     1  /.) 

Pieter  Van  den  Broeck,  Dutch  Chief  at  Surat,  to  the 
Company,  February  28,  1624  {O.C.  1151). 

Encloses  a  copy  of  a  letter  he  has  received  from  '  Your  Honors 
servaunts  (our  good  frendes)  in  this  place '.  Will  comply  with  the 
request,  and  do  any  other  service  in  his  power,  consistent  with  his 
duty  to  his  own  employers.     Wishes  the  writers  had  related  their 

'  A  member  of  the  Company,  and  recently  a  '  Committee  '. 
B  2 


4  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

particular  grievances,  but,  as  they  are  kept  so  close  that  communica- 
tion is  impossible,  patience  is  the  only  course.     Annexed: — 

Thomas  Rastell,  Giles  James,  and  Joseph  Hopkinson,  at  Surat, 
to  P.  Van  den  Broeck,  February  28, 1624.  As  the  ships  are  shortly 
expected  from  Persia,  and  some  of  the  English,  in  ignorance  of 
the  factors'  troubles,  may  land  '  and  so  become  lyable  to  our 
suffrings ',  they  beg  his  friendly  assistance  in  warning  them,  and 
also  in  conveying  to  them  the  letter  enclosed. 

{Attested  copies}  In  all  %  pp.  An  endorsement  states  that  the 
original  came  from  the  Indies  in  June  ^,  1625,  a7id  was  kept  back  by 
the  Dutch  Company,  who  merely  sent  the  present  copies.) 

Consultation  held  in  Batavia  bv  President  Brockedon 
AND  Council,  March  2,  1624  {Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
part  ii.  p.  128). 

It  is  decided  to  send  the  Unity  to  Masulipatam  and  the  Hart 
to  Tanjur.  Mr.  Joseph  Cockram  (one  of  the  Council)  is  to  go  in 
the  latter  as  '  chcife  director  in  the  whole  action ',  with  George 
Brewen  (who  is  to  be  left  as  principal  in  the  new  factory),  John 
Cartwright,  Richard  Robinson,  and  Edward  Powell.  Edward 
Trafford  and  Thomas  Johnson  sent  in  the  Unity  to  be  second 
and  third  at  Masulipatam.  They  are  to  take  thither  (besides 
goods)  20,000  rials  in  coin  and  Japan  silver.  The  stock  for  Tanjur 
is  fixed  at  52,000  rials,  of  which  40.500  is  to  be  for  pepper  and  the 
rest  for  calicoes.     {Extracts  only,     i  /.) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Factors  at  Masulipatam,  March  5,  1624  {Ibid.,  p.  243). 

Received  their  letters  by  the  Ruby  on  November  22  last,  and 
will  answer  them  by  the  Uiiity.^  Their  letters  by  the  Wapen  van 
Rotterdam  have  also  come  to  hand.  Complain  that  the  latter  are 
'  couched  with  such  affectation  that  in  many  places  wee  are  forced 
to  guesse  at  your  meaning,  and  in  many  places  can  finde  no  sence 
at  air  ;  so  beg  that  in  future  they  will  write  '  in  a  more  plaine  and 

*  Similar  copies  are  at  the  Public  Record  Office  {East  Incites,  vol.  iii.  no.''7). 

'  Apparently  this  should  be  May  (see  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  East  Indies,  1625-29, 

p.  7o)- 

3  The  present  letter  was  sent  in  a  Dutch  ship. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  5 

marchantlike  stile  and  leave  such  affectate  eloquence  to  more 
triviall  occasions'.  They  are  sorry  for  the  wretched  state  of 
Francis  Futter,  though  it  seems  to  be  due  to  his  own  folly ;  it 
would  have  been  better  for  him  to  have  made  his  peace  with  the 
Governor,  even  upon  somewhat  intolerable  conditions,  than  '  to 
have  stood  to  triall  before  those  prowd  Moores  of  Golconda '. 
However,  the  factors  should  now  endeavour  to  clear  him  if  possible. 
They  are  likewise  sorry  to  understand  the  injuries  done  by  the 
natives  to  the  Dutch  Governor  [Van  Uffelen  :  see  previous  volume^ 
pp.  315,  316],  occasioned  partly  by  'his  proud  and  disdainefull 
demeanour  towards  them '.  This  should  be  a  warning  to  the 
English  lest  they  should  be  treated  in  like  manner.  The  Dutch 
here  complain,  on  the  authority  of  letters  from  Signor  Libenaer, 
that  Mills  '  was  the  principall  cause  of  all  their  troubles  ',  and  that 
the  Moors  would  not  have  dared  to  attempt  such  violence  but  for 
his  instigation.  They  assert  that  during  their  Governor's  imprison- 
ment Mills  went  divers  times  to  the  Dutch  house  and  read  certain 
letters  from  Golconda,  '  to  terrify  them  and  feele  their  resolution  ; ' 
that 'you  had  offered  io,oco  pagods  to  the  IMoores  to  drive  the 
Dutch  from  thence,  that  wee  might  have  the  trade  alone  to  our- 
selves ;  and  finally  that  you  held  certaine  conventions  with  the 
Governour,  &c.,  in  our  owne  house,  and  gave  to  the  value  of 
300  pagods  to  them  in  presents  at  the  same  time '.  Cannot  believe 
these  accusations  ;  but  as  they  will  doubtless  be  transmitted  to 
Europe,  it  will  be  well  for  INIills  to  clear  himself.  They  expressly 
forbid  him  'to  use  any  violent  courses  or  harsh  demeanours  towards 
the  Dutch  in  this  businesse,  well  knowing  the  many  inconveniences 
that  may  grow  by  such  harsh  and  uncivill  proceedings '.  The 
Dutch  General  here  has  promised  to  warn  the  English  in  time 
should  he  decide  to  make  reprisals  against  Masulipatam  ;  but  he 
intends  to  avoid  extreme  measures  if  possible,  '  because  it  would 
be  exceeding  prejudiciall  unto  their  affaires  to  loose  the  trade  of 
that  place.'  Still,  it  is  necessary  for  the  factors  to  watch  closely 
the  proceedings  of  the  Dutch,  in  order  that  they  may  not  suffer 
in  any  hostilities  that  may  ensue.  On  February  22  the  Dutch 
Sckoonhoven  and  another  pinnace  arrived  from  Surat,  and  brought 
a  short  letter  from  President  Rastell,  announcing  the  capture  of 
the  junks  and  'a  good  and  proffitable  agreement  to  our  masters 


6  THE  ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

benifitt '  in  consequence.  He  did  not  mention  that  any  subjects 
of  Golconda  had  been  taken  in  the  junks  ;  so  probably  that  is 
'  a  meere  fable '.  Three  ships  are  to  go  home  from  Surat  this 
year  :  the  Dolphin  in  January,  and  the  Blessing  and  William  in 
March.  The  dispatch  of  the  Reformation  to  Batavia  with  a  good 
capital  is  also  promised.  Intend  to  send  them  by  the  Utiity  about 
20,000  rials  of  eight,  with  some  lead  and  porcelain  ;  but  have  little 
or  no  spices  to  spare.  Steel  of  the  broad  sort  may  be  bought  at 
Masulipatam  for  Batavia  ;  but  of  ordinary  steel  there  is  at  present 
a  glut.  The  prices  of  other  Coast  goods  have  also  fallen  consider- 
ably. 'The  cloth  that  wee  most  desire  from  Musulpatam  is  long 
cloth,  betillees  white  and  redd  of  40  covetts,  salempoores  and 
redd  percallas.'^  Intended  dispatch  of  the  Hart  to  Tanjur. 
Mr.  Johnson  affirms  that  he  delivered  to  Mr.  Mills  a  letter  from 
the  '  Naick '  intended  for  the  President  and  Council,  '  which  wee 
admire  you  should  keepe  back,  being  it  so  much  importeth  our 
masters  businesse,  for  wee  know  not  what  his  promises  were  in  the 
said  letter  nor  what  answeare  to  make  him.'  Sent  the  Exchange 
and  Elizabeth  for  England  on  December  15,  and  the  Amie  on 
February  25.     {Copy.     S^  pp.) 

Captain  John  Hall,  Captain  Christopher  Brown,  Ed- 
ward Heynes,  Richard  Lancaster,  and  Thomas  Waller, 

ABOARD  the   WILLIAM  AT  THE  BaR   OF  SURAT,  TO  THE  DUTCH 

[at  Surat?],  March  14, 1624  [O.C.  1152). 

They  know  not  why  the  Dutch  protect  these  India  junks,  goods, 
and  people,  who  have  so  manifestly  dishonoured  the  King  of 
England  and  wronged  the  English  Company  '  by  zeazing  violently 
into  their  hands  their  whole  estate  and  imprisoning  their  servants '. 
If  this  course  be  persisted  in,  they  must  protest  against  the  Dutch 
and  hold  them  responsible  for  all  that  happens.  They  disclaim 
any  intention  of  infringing  the  Treaty  of  Defence  or  the  instructions 
given  by  the  two  Companies  to  their  servants,  which  (they  must 
remind  them)  enjoin  mutual  help  when  wrongs  are  received  by 
either  from  a  foreign  nation  ;  but  they  assure  them  that  the  junks 
'  shall  not  part  from  under  our  commaunds  until!  wee  understand 

*  'Betillees'  and  'salempoores'  are  explained  at  p.  103  of  the  last  volume.  For 
*  percallas  '  see  Hobson-Jobson,  2nd  ed.,  p.  708. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  7 

better  of  the  estate  and  condition  of  our  President  and  Councell  in 
Suratt,  which  by  all  circumstances  wee  may  justlie  suppose  are 
both  betrayed  and  inthrauled  by  your  instigations  and  underhand 
dealing  with  our  enemies  these  people '.  P.S. — Have  sent  copies 
of  this  protest  to  '  your  assistance  [j-zV]  and  protectors  of  these 
juncks '  that  they  may  not  plead  ignorance  should  cause  be  found 
'  to  oppose  you  in  our  rights '.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  Thomas 
Staverton  at  Jambi,  March  21,  1624  {O.C.  1154). 

.  .  .  Mr.  Rastell  writes  from  Surat  that  '  our  shipps  have  had 
good  successe  this  yeare  uppon  the  joncks  of  those  parts  ',  and  that 
the  Reformation  will  be  dispatched  to  Batavia  with  a  good  capital 
in  money  and  goods.  It  is  intended  to  send  home  three  great 
ships  from  Surat  this  year,  which  will  partly  make  up  for  the  loss 
of  the  Whale.  .  .  .  The  Unity  is  to  start  shortly  for  Masulipatam, 
and  the  Hart  '  for  a  new  plantation  uppon  the  Coast,  where  the 
Danes  reside  '  .  .  .     (i  /.) 

The  Same  to  the  'Nayge  of  Tanjuer',  March  27,  1624 
{O.C.  1155)-^ 

They  trust  that  His  Highness's  letter  to  their  agent  in  Masuli- 
patam (lost  by  the  latter's  negligence)  will  excuse  this  abrupt 
coming  to  him  before  they  could  commend  his  gracious  favours 
unto  their  own  sovereign  ;  and  since  they  have  learned  by  Mr. 
Johnson's  relations  his  good  inclination  towards  their  nation,  they 
have  dispatched  the  bearer,  Mr.  Joseph  Cockram,  with  the  aforesaid 
Mr.  Johnson,  to  offer  their  service  in  the  accommodation  of  com- 
merce, that '  yt  rnay  for  ever  remayne  inviolablie  a  band  of  ametie 
between  the  howses  of  Tanjurr  and  Create  Brittaine '.  Their 
intent  is  only  to  transport  such  commodities  of  his  kingdom  as  can 
conveniently  be  spared,  and  to  furnish  in  return  such  English  and 
other  goods  as  are  wanted  and  are  in  their  power  to  supply.    They 

1  A  copy  of  the  Portuguese  text  will  be  found  at  p.  270  of  Factory  Records,  Jaza, 
vol.  iii.  part  ii.  together  with  a  list  of  goods  the  factors  are  prepared  to  supply  (cloth, 
tin,  lead,  quicksilver,  vermilion,  copper,  iron,  saffron,  &c.),  and  a  sketch  of  the  privileges 
desired.  For  a  late  copy  of  the  English  version  see  Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous, 
vol.  ix.  p.  25. 


8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

do  not  doubt  His  Majesty's  gracious  favour  for  the  grant  of  the 
necessary  privileges,  on  which  point  the  bearer  is  empowered 
to  negotiate.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

Commission  from  the  President  and  Council  at  Batavia 
TO  William  Langford,  March  27, 1624  {Factory  Records,  Java, 
vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  260). 

To  proceed  to  '  Sericall '  ^  and  Masulipatam  with  his  ship  the 
Unity,  of  300  tons.  At  the  latter  port  he  is  to  stand  carefully 
on  his  guard,  and  take  his  instructions  from  the  merchants,  in  case 
of  hostilities  between  the  Dutch  and  the  natives.  Special  attention 
is  to  be  paid  to  the  stowage  of  goods.  He  is  to  endeavour  the 
capture  of  any  Portuguese  vessels  he  may  meet.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

Instructions  to  Joseph  Cockram  and  others  for  Set- 
tling A  Factory  in  Tanjur,  March  27,  1624  {Ibid.,  p.  1^^? 

On  arrival  at  '  Sericall '  a  '  caoul '  [Arabic  qaid,  a  safe-conduct]  is 
to  be  procured  from  the  Governor  before  landing.  Mr.  Johnson  or 
some  other  should  next  be  sent  to  the  Nayak  to  procure  a  farman 
'  that  you  may  come  safely  unto  him  ;  which  being  granted,  you 
shall  present  him  with  our  letters  and  such  presents  as  wee  have 
sent ',  and  demand  the  grant  of  suitable  privileges.  The  Unity  is  to 
be  sent  on  to  Masulipatam  within  five  or  six  days  of  their  arrival, 
with  advice  to  Mr.  Mills  of  the  quantities,  &c.,  of  cloth  likely  to  be 
procured  at  the  new  settlement.  No  attempt  should  be  made  to 
build  a  factory  house  until  they  are  satisfied  that  the  trade  is  worth 
pursuing.  '  The  cheefest  thing  wee  aime  at  is  the  procuring  of 
large  quantities  of  pepper  ;  wherefore,  if  pepper  be  extraordinary 
deare,  or  but  little  to  be  gotten,  wee  hold  it  unfitting  to  remayne 
there,  unlesse  the  place  afford  extraordinary  good  cloth  and  good 
cheape,  and  that  there  be  hopes  to  vend  quantities  of  our  English 
commodities,  which  you  are  especially  to  inquire  after.'  To  be 
cautious  in  landing  goods  until  well  assured  of  the  Nayak's  affec- 
tion ;  also  in  giving  credit  to  the  natives.  '  In  Musulpatam  it  is 
common  to  trust  Committees  \see  previous  vohinie,  p.  135]  ;  but  in 

'  Karikal,  twelve  miles  north  of  Negapatam  and  six  miles  south  of  Tranquebar.     \Vith 
a  few  short  intervals  it  has  been  a  French  possession  since  1736. 
^  There  is  a  late  copy  in  Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  ix. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  9 

all  the  time  of  our  trade  wee  have  not  had  300  rials  bad  debts.  .  .  . 
Wee  are  informed  there  is  a  great  Commitie  in  the  Naicks  country- 
named  Malaya,  which  wee  make  account  wilbe  your  cheef  marchant 
and  will  undertake  great  matters.  He  shewed  himself  very  honest 
in  his  dealings  with  Mr.  Mills  at  Pallicatt;  yet  by  dealing  with 
inferiour  Committies  you  shall  better  understand  the  markett  and 
know  how  to  bargaine  with  Malaya  with  more  certainty.'  To 
be  especially  careful  in  choosing  good  colours,  as  there  is  much 
deceit  in  the  reds  (the  most  usual  colour)  ;  also  in  seeing  that  the 
goods  correspond  with  the  samples.  Packing  should  not  be  carried 
on  in  moist  weather  or  while  the  cloths  are  still  damp.  They  must 
look  vigilantly  to  the  delivery  of  the  goods  at  the  time  appointed, 
and  must  have  packing  materials  prepared  in  time.  Should  the 
Nayak  be  very  earnest  for  a  piece  of  ordnance,  they  may  spare  him 
one  of  the  ship's  guns,  '  with  all  his  furniture.'  '  Keepe  good 
correspondence  with  the  Danes  and  Portugalls,  but  trust  them  not ; 
and  have  as  little  conversation  with  the  Portugalls  as  may  be, 
for  they  are  exceeding  treacherous  and  will  poison  you  if  you  eat 
with  them,  as  our  people  by  wofull  experience  in  Siam  have  made 
triall  with  the  losse  of  their  lives.'  Mr.  Johnson  may  be  left  at  the 
new  factory  or  not,  as  may  be  found  expedient  ;  but  he  is  not  to  be 
trusted  with  the  Company's  cash.  Two  Portuguese  women  and 
[  ]  men  sent  in  this  ship  to  be  landed  at  Negapatam  or  S.  Thome. 
An  endeavour  should  be  made  to  procure  the  liberty  of  Mrs. 
Frobisher  and  her  family  in  return.^  A  letter  to  the  Captain  of 
S.  Thome  on  this  subject  is  sent  herewith.  If  Mrs.  Frobisher  is 
not  there,  the  Captain  should  be  urged  to  write  to  Goa  and  Malacca. 
Should  it  be  decided  to  leave  a  factory,  Mr.  Brewen  is  to  be  chief, 
John  Cartwright  second,  and  Richard  Robinson  third,  with  four  or 
five  other  Englishmen.  If  sufficient  pepper  be  not  obtained,  the 
Hart  should  be  dispatched  to  the  west  coast  of  Sumatra  for 
a  supply,  and  so  to  Batavia.  While  in  port  the  sailors  are  to 
be  allowed  '  four  fresh  meales  the  weeke,  either  fish  or  flesh  .  .  . 

^  Richard  Frobisher,  his  wife,  and  two  sons  went  to  the  Indies  in  the  jMenhaiWs  Hope 
and  were  captured  by  the  Portuguese  at  Macao.  During  their  captivity  Frobisher  and 
his  sons  died ;  but  the  widow  was  after  a  time  '  by  the  Captaine  of  Mallacca  sett  free  in 
Macassar ',  in  exchange  for  the  two  Portuguese  gentlewomen  here  mentioned.  She  reached 
Bantam  in  September,  1625  {0.  C.  1210),  and  subsequently  got  back  to  England,  where 
she  married  again  {Court  Minutes,  October  25,  1626). 


lo  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

and  if  butter  be  deare,  let  them  have  salt  fish  to  eat  with  their  rice '. 
'You  may  entreat  the  Naicks  favour  to  bring  from  thence  15  brick- 
layers that  have  skill  to  lay  plaister  of  pallist,^  and  15  coulies 
to  labour,  which  you  shall  buy,  though  they  cost  20  rials  per  piece 
and  upward.  And  lade  as  much  plaister  of  pallist  and  tiles  abord 
the  Hart  as  shee  can  conveniently  take  in,  for  wee  shall  have  great 
occasion  to  use  them.*  Private  trade  is  to  be  rigorously  suppressed. 
Annexed :  (i)  List  of  goods  understood  to  be  made  in  the  Nayak's 
country,  with  the  quantities  required:  'serassas',  'tape  chindes ', 
'  dragams  ',  '  chelas ',  '  caingouloons ',  '  samadramoores  ',  '  rambut- 
tans',  'balachus',  &c.  2;  (ii)  List  of  goods  appointed  from  Masuli- 
patam,  consisting  of  piece-goods,  butter,  wheat,  and  hair.  {Copy. 
5PP-) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Captain  of  S.  Thome,  March  27,  1624  {Factory  Records,  Java, 
vol.  iii.  part.  ii.  p.  272). 

Send  two  gentlewomen,  who  (with  many  other  Portuguese)  were 
captured  at  Mozambique  in  1622  \sce  previous  volume^  p.  155]. 
They  would  have  been  restored  earlier,  but  first  the  Dutch  objected 
and  then  no  opportunity  of  passage  could  be  found.  Would  be 
glad  if  he  would  in  return  set  at  liberty  any  English  prisoners 
in  his  power.     {Copy.    \p-) 

Instructions  to  Captain  John  Bickley  for  the  Voyage 
OF  THE  Hart^  March  27,  1624  {Ibid.,  p.  273). ^ 

To  stop  at  the  Islands  of  Sunda,  to  cut  wood  for  the  intended 
factory  at  '  Sericall '.  Mr.  Johnson  will  then  guide  them  to  the 
latter  port.  Authority  to  govern  the  mariners,  &c.  To  assist  the 
merchants  in  every  way.  Not  to  meddle  with  the  Portuguese  while 
in  the  ports  of  the  Nayak,  but  in  going  or  coming  he  is  to  endeavour 
to  capture  any  Portuguese  vessel  he  may  meet.  Diet  of  the  sailors 
while  in  port.  A  piece  of  ordnance  to  be  given  to  the  Nayak, 
if  necessary.  The  ship  to  go  to  Sumatra  if  a  lading  of  pepper 
cannot  be  obtained  at  Karikal.  Thirty  '  blacks  '  to  be  procured  at 
the  latter  place.     Not  to  remain  beyond  the  end  of  September, 

^  Plaster  of  Paris.     Probably  chtindm  is  intended. 

"^  For  these  piece-goods  see  the  pre\'ious  volume,  p.  107,  and  Letters  received,  vol.  vi.  p.  45. 

^  For  a  late  copy  see  Factoiy  Records,  Miscellaneotis,  vol.  ix.  p.  30. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  ii 

except  in  an  emergency.  To  stand  always  on  his  guard.  P.S. — 
The  sailors,  &c.,  are  not  to  buy  any  goods  at  Karikal  until  the 
merchants  have  agreed  with  the  '  Comitties '  as  to  price.     {Copy. 

HPP) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  BAtAViA  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  March  27,  1624  {Ibid., 
p.  261). 

Received  their  letter  of  December  16  by  the  Schoonhoven  on 
February  22.  It  would  have  furthered  business  exceedingly  if  the 
promised  supply  by  the  Reformation  had  arrived  before  the  dis- 
patch of  ships  to  Achin,  Jambi,  &c.  The  stores  to  be  sent  in  her 
will  be  very  welcome.  Are  glad  to  hear  of  the  '  plentifull  returnes 
for  England  this  yeare '.  Great  need  of  ready  money,  in  view 
of  the  probable  conclusion  of  peace  with  Bantam.  Marvel  that 
they  have  had  such  meagre  information  from  Surat.  Enclose 
a  list  of  goods  required.  Four  ships  have  arrived  from  England 
this  year,  viz.  the  Abigail,  Roebuck,  Hart,  and  Coaster.  They 
brought  good  store  of  money  ;  but  it  will  soon  be  spent,  owing  to 
the  high  price  of  pepper,  and  the  necessity  of  supplying  the  fac- 
tories with  silver  for  want  of  goods.  The  Royal  Exchange  and 
Elizabeth  sailed  for  England  on  December  15,  followed  by  the 
Royal  Anne  on  February  25.  The  Hart  and  the  Unity  are  bound 
for  the  Coast,  the  Discovery  for  Achin,  the  Diamond  for  the  west 
coast  of  Sumatra,  the  Coaster,  Rose,  and  Bnll  for  Jambi.  Of  the 
death  of  President  Fursland  and  the  *  blody  execution  of  our 
innocent  people '  at  Amboyna  they  have  no  doubt  heard.  Owing 
to  the  many  affronts  received  from  the  Dutch,  it  has  been  resolved 
to  remove  from  Batavia  as  soon  as  a  supply  arrives  from  England. 
Progress  of  the  war  between  the  Chinese  and  the  Dutch.  The 
latter  sent  home  only  three  ships  last  year  and  have  as  yet  received 
no  relief  from  Europe.  Their  ship  the  Nienw  Zeeland  has  been 
cast  away,  with  the  loss  of  at  least  100,000  rials  of  eight.  Enclosed : 
(i)  List  of  goods  required  from  Surat  for  Batavia  :  *  cannikins 
'  baftas ',  '  byrams  ', '  tricandees  ', '  ardeas ',  '  hussanees ',  '  nicanees 

*  seribaffs  ',   '  mussafees ',  '  tureas  ',  *  selas ',  '  tapechinds ',  '  braules 

*  gageas  ',  '  cassadees ',  '  caddees  ',  '  gebadees  ',  '  nuries ',  '  patolas 
«  serassas ',    '  dutties  ',   '  tapsiles  ',   '  chints ',   '  pilgars ',  '  muttfones 


12  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

'  maviesV  wheat,  and  butter;  (ii)  A  similar  list  for  Achin.    {Copy. 
?kPP) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Factors  at  Masulipatam,  March  28,  1624  ^  [Factory  Records, 
Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  256). 

Now  reply  to  the  letters,  dated  September  30,  brought  by  the  Ruby, 
The  factors  at  Jambi  complain  of  the  ill  condition  of  the  goods 
received  from  the  Coast,  owing  apparently  to  their  being  packed 
while  damp ;  this  should  be  remedied.  The  Hart  has  been  sent 
toTanjur.  Mills's  gross  carelessness  in  detaining  the  Nayak's  letter 
has  been  very  prejudicial.  They  enclose  a  list  of  sorts  and  quan- 
tities of  cotton  cloth  desired.  Mr.  Cockram  has  instructions,  should 
he  find  that  he  cannot  get  the  expected  quantity  of  cloth  at  Tanjur, 
to  send  part  of  his  capital  to  Masulipatam.  Their  chief  hopes  for 
the  former  place  rest  upon  pepper,  of  which  Mr,  Johnson  affirms 
a  sufficient  quantity  to  lade  the  Hart  may  be  had  in  three  months 
at  18  rials  per  bahar  of  about  330  lb.  They  will  not  therefore 
need  to  buy  pepper  at  Masulipatam.  The  Unity  is  to  proceed  with 
the  Hart  to  Tanjur,  but  to  go  on  to  Masulipatam  as  soon  as 
possible.  Errors  in  the  accounts  from  Pulicat  and  Masulipatam. 
Will  not  in  future  admit  of  presents  being  given  by  masters  of 
ships.  Cannot  supply  spices,  having  left  the  trade  of  the  Moluccas. 
Would  have  sent  some  porcelain,  but  did  not  know  what  sorts 
would  be  suitable  ;  so  have  dispatched  a  stock  to  Tanjur  instead. 
Request  the  factors  to  let  slip  no  opportunity  of  obtaining  diamonds, 
as  desired  by  the  Company.  Marvel  that  no  news  has  come  from 
Surat.  Enclose  a  letter  for  that  place,  to  be  forwarded  from 
Masulipatam.  The  paving  stones  sent  in  the  Ruby  were  useless 
and  a  mere  waste  of  money.  Take  notice  of  '  the  stubborne  and 
intractable  carriage  '  of  Futter  and  Dod  towards  Duke  ;  but  as  the 
first-named  has  fallen  into  such  misery,  they  are  inclined  to  pity  his 
distress,  and  request  that,  if  cleared,  he  may  be  sent  hither  in  the 
Unity.  Mr.  Dod  is  to  come  in  the  same  ship,  *  that  hee  may 
answeare  his  contempt  before  us.'  Edward  Trafford  and  Thomas 
Johnson    now   sent   to   be   second   and   third   respectively;  John 

*  Most  of  these  names  of  piece-goods  have  been  explained  in  the  previous  volumes. 
'  Turea '  is  probably  the  Hind,  doriyd,  a  striped  cloth.  ''  Sent  by  the  Unity, 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  13 

Hunter  may  also  be  retained,  if  necessary.  Enjoin  them  to  refrain 
from  building  more  than  they  are  obliged,  for  if  Tanjur  affords 
better  cloth  than  Masulipatam,  and  the  Governor  of  the  latter 
place  continues  his  insolence,  they  may  determine  to  remove  the 
factory.  The  Dutch  should  be  asked  to  bring  the  small  parcel 
of  English  goods  remaining  at  Pulicat  to  Masulipatam.  '  Martavans  ' 
[Martaban  jars]  sent  to  be  filled  with  butter  and  returned,  covered 
with  '  Cairo  '  [Port,  cairo,  coir  or  coco-nut  fibre]  to  prevent  breakage. 
Any  surplus  may  be  put  into  '  duppers '  [Hind,  dabbah,  a  leathern 
jar],  and  then  the  latter  into  casks,  which  will  keep  out  the  '  caca- 
roches  '  [cockroaches].  Their  letter  sent  in  the  Wapen  van  Rotter- 
dam was  answered  by  the  same  ship,  '  wherein  Dedell  and  Goury  ^ 
(both  of  the  Councell  of  India)  doe  go  to  reforme  the  disordered 
estate  of  their  affaires  in  that  place.'  If  Dedel  intends  to  use 
violence  they  must  take  precautions  for  the  safety  of  their  goods 
and  persons.  The  Company's  orders  for  the  suppression  of  private 
trade,  sent  herewith,  must  be  punctually  observed.  Supply  of  fresh 
meat  to  the  Unity  while  in  harbour.  The  master  has  been  ordered 
to  follow  their  instructions.  Accounts  forwarded  for  examination. 
{Copy.     4  pp.) 

Captain  John  Bickley's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the 
Hart  to  the  Coromandel  Coast  {Mari?ie  Records,  vol.  xxxvi. 
p.  26). 

1624,  March  27.  Sailed  from  Batavia  in  company  with  the 
Diamond.  March  29.  Anchored  at  '  Sabakar  ',2  to  cut  wood  for 
building  a  house  for  the  proposed  factory  at  '  Caracall  '.  April  7. 
Sailed  again,  accompanied  by  the  Unity.  April  28.  Had  a  fierce 
*  haracane ',  in  which  the  Unity  was  nearly  lost.  May  4.  It  was 
debated  whether  to  take  out  the  cargo  of  that  ship  and  abandon 
her  ;  but  in  the  end  it  was  decided  to  endeavour  to  carry  her  to  her 
port.  May  9.  Crossed  the  Line.  May  21.  Saw  the  land  near 
Tegnapatam.^      *  Tignapatan  hath  over  yt  a  greate  pagod  ^  and 

^  '  Dedell '  is  the  Jacob  Dedel  of  the  previous  volumes.  His  colleague  was  Adriaan 
Willems  Goeree  (the  '  Gorie '  and  '  Gooree '  of  the  previous  volumes).  They  sailed  from 
Batavia  at  the  beginning  of  March,  1624. 

2  Sebuku  Island,  in  the  Straits  of  Sunda. 

^  Afterwards  the  site  of  Fort  St.  David  (Cuddalore). 

*  The  temple  at  Tirupapuli)  ur.  Later  (under  date  of  July  18)  Bickley  says:  'When 
you  are  thwarte  of  the  roade  you  shall  see  a  great  pagod,  the  which  when  yt  is  West  and 


14  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

a  whyte  howse  which  is  to  be  sene  some  three  leages  of.'  '  To  the 
southard  of  Tegnapatan  some  three  leages  there  is  four  pagodes, 
as  it  were  four  great  trees  ....  This  four  pagodes  is  a  towne  and 
so  called  by  the  name  of  Quarter  ^  Pagodes.  Allsoe  four  leages  too 
the  southward  of  the  four  pagodes  is  a  towne  called  Porttanovy 
[Porto  Novo],  and  three  leges  too  the  southward  of  Porttanovy 
is  a  towne  called  Tremeldanes  - .  .  .  .  And  three  leages  to  the 
southward  of  Tremeldanes  is  the  towne  of  the  Danes,  where  they 
have  there  forte,  called  Trenkcombar  [Tranquebar].  And  some 
two  leagues  and  a  half  too  the  southward  of  this  forte  is  the  porte 
of  Carracall.'  May  23.  Anchored  at  Karikal  at  midday.  May  24. 
The  captain  and  the  merchants  went  ashore  and  were  kindly 
entertained  by  the  Governor,  '  wee  being  the  first  English  shipp 
that  had  ever  bin  in  theis  partes  beefore.'  He  promised  to  advise 
the  King  at  '  Tangeur '  of  their  arrival.  May  26.  Put  the  Portu- 
guese prisoners  ashore.  May  29.  '  The  princypall  of  the  Danes 
sent  a  letter  unto  our  cheife  merchante,  Mr.  Joseph  Cockram,  that 
we  were  best  for  too  departe,  for  there  was  no  trade  there  too  bee 
had  for  us,  because  they  had  formed  [farmed]  all  the  seaportes 
of  the  Kinges  betwene  Nagapatan  and  Pullacatt  for  the  use  and 
bennefit  of  the  Kinge  of  Denmarke  ;  therefore  willed  us  agayne 
to  bee  gone,  or  else  they  would  send  us  awaye  in  haste.  Wee 
badd  them  doe  theire  worste,  for  wee  would  staye  in  spite  of  them 
all,  they  being  three  to  one.  And  soe  the  parttye  that  brought 
the  letter  departed  with  his  answere  ....  Of  the  admirall  an 
Englishman  was  master,  on  James  Mounttanye,"  the  which  Captaine 
Prinn  tooke  in  his  voyage  of  the  Great  James'  June  i.  '  The 
Danes  sent  one  of  there  three  ships  too  us  and  demaunded  of 
whence  wee  were.  I  bad  them  looke  up  too  the  flage  ;  so  presentlye 
hee  departed,  without  any  more  wordes  the  one  too  the  other.' 

by  northe  from  yon,  then  it  is  just  over  the  Malloyes  \jee  p.  9]  howse  .  .  .  The  Malloyes 
howse  is  all  very  white,  and  soe  it  is  about  the  pagod,  the  which  is  too  bee  sene  at  the 
least  four  or  five  leages  of  in  faire  and  cleare  weather.' 

^  This  is  probably  meant  for  the  Portugnese  qiiatro  (four).  The  reference  seems  to  be 
to  the  four  gopuras  of  the  great  temple  at  Chilambaram,  which  are  nsible  from  a  con- 
siderable distance  at  sea.  Baldaeus  (1672)  marks  '  de  vier  Pagoden '  on  his  map  (but 
between  'Porte  nova'  and  'Kolderon'). 

^  Evidently  Tirumullavasal,  which  appears  on  Linschoten's  and  Hondius's  maps  as 
'  Tremalavas.' 

^  Monntney?     Pring's  fleet  sailed  in  161 7. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  15 

June  2.  '  The  Governor  of  the  towne  of  Carracall  had  received 
a  letter  from  the  King  of  Tangeur  that  wee  wear  very  welcome  and 
should  have  anything  that  his  country  did  aford,  and  with  all  the 
speede  that  mought  be  there  should  be  provision  of  horse  and  men 
for  the  bringing  up  of  our  marchante  and  alsoe  the  present  the 
which  was  sent  unto  him  in  the  name  of  our  honourable  imployers.' 
June  3  and  4.  The  presents  were  landed,  including  two  demi- 
culverins.  Jtim  6.  Ten  men  deserted  with  the  pinnace  and  went 
to  the  Governor  of  '  Connamotta  V  who  was  at  war  with  the 
Portuguese.  Soon  after,  these  men,  flying  the  English  flag,  took 
with  their  pinnace  a  junk  belonging  to  the  Governor  of  Negapatam, 
worth  8,000  rials  of  eight ;  they  then  sent  a  letter  to  Karikal  inviting 
other  sailors  to  join  them,  with  the  result  that  five  more  ran  away. 
Jnne  8.  '  Our  merchantes  went  up  for  Tangeur  about  the  affaires 
with  the  King,  where  they  were  all  ryall[y]  entertained  both  by  the 
King  himselfe  and  also  by  his  noblemen,  and  were  by  the  King 
his  owne  mouthe  promised  free  trade  and  allsoe  that  they  should 
have  the  porte  of  Carracall  at  any  [?  an]  easye  rate ;  but  the 
Portinga[ls]  and  the  Danes  were  greatly  agaynst  yt,  but  moste 
of  all  the  Danes  were  our  deadly  and  moste  cruell  enimyes.' 
June  29.  A  letter  was  received  from  Cockram, '  hooping  too  have 
all  his  demaundes  by  the  King  granted  unto  him  out  of  hand  ; ' 
also  forwarding  one  from  Masulipatam,  stating  that  the  U^iify  was 
unfit  to  proceed  to  Batavia  and  requiring  the  Hart  to  come  to 
Masulipatam  to  take  her  cargo  and  stores.  Ju/y  4.  '  I  received 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Cockram  that  he  would  bee  at  Carracall  with 
mee  very  shortlye,  for  hee  could  doe  no  good  with  the  King,  because 
the  Danes  had  given  the  King  great  bribes,  the  which  hee  had 
no  order  too  doe  as  the  Danes  dyd.'  Ju/y  9.  •  At  night  Mr. 
Joseph  Cockram  and  the  rest  came  too  Carracall  from  the  King, 
the  which  would  not  grante  us  trade  unless  that  wee  would  give 
him  7,000  ryalls  of  aight  rent  the  yere  for  the  porte  of  Carracall, 
the  Danes  being  the  cause  therof.  As  for  the  King,  hee  cares 
not  whoe  it  bee  that  hath  his  portes  too  rent  so  hee  maye  have 
for  them  what  hee  will  demaund,  for  hee  is  for  all  what  you  will 

1  Not  identified.  Libenaer  found  at  Tranquebar  in  1625  a  dozen  Englishmen  who  had 
deserted  from  the  Hart,  taking  a  boat  with  them  {^Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  vii. 
no.  224). 


i6  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

give  him  ;  and  so  are  all  his  greate  men  too.  But  I  doubt  the  Dane 
will  finde  all  theis  great  bribes  wanting  in  his  purse  very  shortlye, 
if  that  they  have  but  one  shipp  com  to  them  a  yeare,  as  heretoofore 
they  have  had.'  Jiily  ii.  'Our  merchantes  were  invyted  by  the 
Danes  too  there  forte  of  Trenkcombar,  where  they  did  couller  there 
former  mallice  in  givinge  that  entertainement  unto  our  merchants, 
the  which  they  did  not  exspeckt  at  there  hands  ;  for  at  there 
coming  and  goeingthey  shott  of  150  peece  of  ordinance  from  there 
forte  and  out  of  there  three  shipps.  This  out  of  there  love  gave 
us  a  plaster  for  to  cure  the  wound  they  gave  us  at  the  Kings  courte.' 
July  14.  'The  Danes  were  invited  aborde  the  Harte  by  our 
merchantes,  but  I  prevented  it  by  some  import[ant]e  businesses 
that  wee  had  too  doe  that  daye,  and  so  were  cleare  of  them  ; 
whereof  wee  weare  all  very  glad  soe  too  bee  cleare  of  there  fayned 
frindeshipp.'  J^dy  15.  The  merchants  came  aboard,  but  they 
could  not  sail  because  some  of  the  crew  were  missing.  Bickley 
suspected  the  Danes  of  enticing  them  away,  '  by  menes  of  James 
Mounttany ',  but  this  they  denied.  Jidy  17.  In  the  morning 
the  Hart  sailed.  The  Danes  saluted  her  as  she  passed  their  fort 
with  at  least  forty  guns.  That  evening  they  anchored  at  Tegna- 
patam,  '  right  against  the  Malloyes  \see  p.  14  ;^.]  howse,  the  which 
is  Governour  of  that  towne  of  Tignapatann.'  Jtdy  18.  Mr. 
Cockram  landed,  to  see  '  the  Malloyes  brother '  about  some  cloth 
they  were  to  take  in.  Jidy  19.  They  sailed  to  '  Poullaserre ',  or 
'Podasera  ',^  four  leagues  off.  There  is  a  very  white  pagoda  in  the 
middle  of  the  town.  Landing  is  difficult  in  the  ship's  boats  ;  '  but 
the  boates  of  the  town  they  are  bould  boates.'  July  21  and  22. 
Timber  landed,  '  that  wee  sould  unto  the  Malloye.'  July  23. 
'The  [Nayak  ?]  or  Governor  of  all  the  country  thereabout^  came 
aborde  of  the  Harte  with  divers  of  his  gentlemen,  the  which  we 
bad  very  welcome  aborde :  soe  that  hee  promised  our  marchant, 
if  so  hee  would,  hee  should  have  a  howse  and  there  to  settell 
a  factorye  in  his  towne  of  Pullasera ;  the  which  the  merchant 
at  present  could  not  resolve  him  of,  but  promised  the  next  yeare 

1  Pondicherri  {Pnkkan  in  Hindustani,  Puthuf^eri  in  Tamil).  This  visit  of  an 
English  ship  in  1624  is  a  new  fact  in  its  history. 

'  He  must  have  been  a  subordinate  official,  as  the  Nayak  of  Tanjur  appears  to  have 
controlled  all  this  part. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  17 

too  give  him  a  direct  answere  thereof.  And  so  hee  departed  aland, 
giveing  us  many  thanks.'  Jtily  24  to  29.  Took  in  salt  for  ballast. 
Jidy  op.  The  longboat  was  split  in  going  ashore  for  water,  but  no 
lives  were  lost.  Aiigiist  3.  The  Hart  sailed.  August  7.  Anchored 
at  Masulipatam,  where  the  merchants  landed.  Two  men  ran  off 
with  the  Unity  s  boat.  August  (^  to  12.  Landed  most  of  the  timber 
brought  from  Sebuku.  August  13.  The  Unity  was  condemned 
to  be  broken  up,  and  her  crew  transferred  to  the  Hart.  August  15. 
The  Dutch  Friesiaud  ssiiled  for  Arakan.  August  22.  'This  day 
the  principall  for  the  Duch  at  Masslapatam  [died  ?],  being  named 
Deadell,^  hee  being  in  his  lifetyme  a  deadly  enimye  to  our  natione, 
as  moste  of  all  there  principalis  are  to  this  daye.'  September  17. 
The  hull  of  the  Unity  was  sold  to  the  Governor  for  ico  rials  and 
broken  up  the  following  day.  September  22.  The  [  Wapen  vaii\ 
Rotterdam,  of  1,000  tons,  went  to  '  Narsaparpeta ',^  to  take  in 
provisions  for  Batavia.  September  24.  A  Dutch  ship  sailed 
for  Europe,  by  whom  Bickley  sent  a  letter  to  the  Company. 
October  5.  The  Hart  sailed.  November  20.  Anchored  at  Batavia. 
(22^//-) 

Andrew  Symms's  ^  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xxxvii.  p.  21). 

1624,  March  [  ].  Sailed  from  Batavia.  March  31  \sic\  An- 
chored at  'Sabacoore'.  April  7.  Sailed  again.  May  21.  Saw 
the  coast  of  India.  May  23.  Anchored  at  '  Ciricall '.  Jidy  17. 
Sailed  again  and  anchored  at  '  Tingopotan ',  whither  the  mer- 
chants had  travelled  overland.  July  19.  Moved  to  '  Pollusearea '. 
August  3.  Departed  for  Masulipatam.  August  8.  Anchored  in 
that  port.  October  5.  Sailed.  November  20.  Reached  Batavia. 
(7 /A) 

^  The  Dagh  Register,  1624-29  (p.  103),  gives  the  date  of  Dedel's  death  as  29  August 
(N.S.  =  19  August  O.S.).  His  tomb  (with  the  same  date)  is  still  to  be  seen  on  the  old 
parade  ground  within  the  Fort  at  Masulipatam. 

^  Narsapurpatam,  on  the  Vasishta,  one  of  the  branches  of  the  GodavarT,  about  six 
miles  from  the  sea  and  thirty-nine  from  Masulipatam.  There  was  then  (and  still  is) 
a  considerable  ship-building  industry  at  that  place. 

^  He  was  master's  mate  in  the  Hart. 


FOSTER   III 


i8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  John  Gonixg  at  Batavia 
{Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  7). 

1624,  March  25  [?  27].  '  The  shippe  Hart  sett  sayle  for  Sericall, 
the  Kyng  of  Tanjoures  country  on  the  Coast  of  Cormandell,  to 
settle  a  new  factory  there  for  buying  of  both  pepper  and  cloth.  In 
company  also  went  the  shippe  Unity,  bound  for  i\Iasulup[atam], 
and  the  shippe  Dymond,  bound  for  the  west  coast  of  Sumatra.' 
Jutie  23.  The  William  arrived  from  Surat,  commanded  by 
Christopher  Brown,  with  Edward  Heynes  as  chief  merchant. 
Jime  24.  Brown  landed  and  informed  the  President  and  Council 
of  the  imprisonment  of  the  Surat  factors  '  for  the  overplus  of 
reprizall  goods  by  us  taken  above  satisfaction  of  our  former  losses 
by  them  sustayned,  to  the  pretended  vallue  of  10,000/.  starling '  ; 
also  that  the  ship  was  to  return  to  India,  to  capture  the  Surat 
junks  and  thus  force  the  release  of  the  English.  Jtdy  6.  A 
protest  was  lodged  against  the  action  of  the  Dutch  at  Surat  in 
protecting  the  junks  against  the  English.^  Jidy  12.  An  answer 
was  returned,  'but  the  contents  dishonestly  doubtfulL'  July  16. 
The  William  sailed  for  Surat.  July  o^i.  The  Dutch  ships 
\Nietiw\  Bantam,  Wesp,  and  \Ziiid  Holland'\  left  for  the  same 
destination.  August  22.  The  Reformation  arrived  from  Surat  and 
Achin  with  80,000  rials.  Noveviber  10.  '  The  Dutch  ship  Wapen 
van  Encuse?i  arived  from  Musulapatan,  laden  with  700  tonns  rice 
and  much  Coast  goods.  Shee  came  thence  in  June,  and  brought 
us  letters  importing  the  rottenness  of  the  ship  Unity,  wholy  un- 
serviceable any  longer,  which  hath  caused  our  merchants  to  send 
for  the  ship  Hart  at  Tanjour  to  come  thither :  further,  newes 
of  releasment  of  our  merchants  at  Surrat  out  of  irons  and  prizon, 
but  still  under  guard  in  their  howses  ;  allso  giving  small  hopes 
of  investments  and  returnes  to  us  this  yeer  from  Musulpatan.' 
November  20.  'The  ship  Hart  arived  heer  from  the  Coast  of 
Coromandel.  In  her  returned  Mr.  Joseph  Cockram  and  Mr.  Georg 
Bruen,  with  others  sent  to  settle  a  factory  in  the  Nayck  of  Tanjours 

^  The  protest  is  given  at  p.  171  of  the  same  volume.  It  is  dated  July  10.  The  reply 
is  also  entered,  together  with  certain  clauses  from  a  letter  sent  to  Surat  by  the  President 
and  Council  at  Batavia  {see  p.  26).  See  also  Hague  Ti-anscripts,  series  i.  vol.  vii.  no. 
333,  and  series  iii.  vol.  ii.  nos.  S4  and  T4;  and  Dagh  Register,  1624-29,  p.  59. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  19 

country,  having  effected  nothing  ther,  more  then  the  buying  in 
of  19  or  20  bales  of  cloth  ;  finding  the  country  to  yeeld  but  little 
pepper  of  a  very  small  sort  and  that  allwayes  much  wett  with  the 
fresh  water  in  portage  from  the  upland  mountaines.  Allso  they 
found  the  Naick  or  King  very  covetous,  expecting  very  great 
presents  yeerly,  besides  payment  of  7,000  rials  of  eight  every  yeer 
for  use  and  custome  of  his  porte  Cercall,  which  he  would  apoynt 
for  us.  Howbeit,  they  found  the  port  Poodysera,  in  another  Naiks 
country  neerer  adjoyning  to  St.  Tome,  to  bee  a  fitter  place  to 
procure  all  sorts  of  clothing,  therabout  or  about  Petepoly  made, 
then  in  the  said  Nayck  of  Tanjours  land  ;  and  from  the  Naick  of 
Poodysera  they  had  a  wryting  giving  the  English  leave  the  next 
yeer  to  come  and  settle  ther,  paying  only  the  custom  of  2^  per 
cento,  or  renting  the  porte,  as  wee  can  best  agree.'  November  25. 
Delivered  to  the  Dutch  a  certificate  from  Masulipatam  'touching 
the  murder  of  one  of  our  people  ther  by  a  scipper  of  theirs,  called 
Capt.  Coper,  desiring  right  for  same.'  ^     {'^\PP-) 

Consultation  held  in  prison  at  Surat  by  President 
Rastell  and  Messrs.  James,  Martin,  Hopkinson,  Hoare, 
Glanvill,  Bangham,  and  West,  April  3,  1624  {Public  Record 
Office :  East  Indies,  vol.  iii.  no.  13). 

The  perfidious  dealings  of  these  people,  their  demands  for 
restitution,  &c.  appear  in  former  consultations.  The  President  now 
states  that,  notwithstanding  all  possible  endeavours,  no  progress 
has  been  made  towards  reconciliation ;  the  Blessing  and  the 
William  have  been  waiting  since  March  12  in  hope  of  a  settlement, 
and  as  bad  weather  is  approaching  some  decision  must  be  taken 
regarding  their  disposal,  and  the  supply  to  them  of  provisions, 
which  these  people  refuse  to  furnish  in  any  quantity,  with  the 
intention  of  forcing  them  to  lose  the  monsoon.  He  therefore 
proposes  the  consideration  of  the  question  whether,  in  case  they 
be  not  allowed  to  lade  at  least  one  of  the  ships  with  indigo,  they 
should  both  attend  the  Company's  affairs  in  other  ports,  or  whether 

^  See  the  Dagh  Register,  1624-29,  p.  m.  The  offender  was  a  Captain  Cooper, 
formerly  master  of  the  Wapen  van  Rotterdam,  who  had  now  departed  for  Europe.  The 
Dutch  at  Batavia  professed  ignorance  of  the  matter,  but  promised  to  transmit  the  accusa- 
tion to  Holland. 

c  a 


10  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

they  should  endeavour  to  effect  the  release  of  the  factors  here  by- 
seizing  the  Gujarat!  ships  on  their  return.     The  drawbacks  of  the 
latter  course  are  :  (i)  the  danger  to  the  factors  ;  (2)  the  probability 
that  it  will  cause  loss  to  the  Dutch,  who  will  thereupon  retaliate 
on  the  English  ;  (3)  the  doubt  whether  the  junks  will  return  rich 
enough  to  countervail  the  estates  of  the  Dutch  and  English  on 
shore.      These   considerations    being   debated,   it    is    agreed   that 
although  there  would  be  a  great  probability  of  torture  and  even 
death  in  such  an  event,  yet  the  factors  are  willing  to  risk  it,  especially 
as  there  will  be  many  prisoners  taken  in  the  junks  who  may  be 
held  as  hostages.     Moreover,  some  such  action  is  thought  to  be 
the  only  means  of  effecting  the  release  of  themselves  and  their 
estates.     As  regards  the  Dutch,  the  natives  understand  that  the 
two  nations  are  distinct:    and  in  any  case  the  present  necessity 
is  too  urgent  *to  bee  soe  tenderlie  fearefull  of  the  Dutches  dis- 
tastes '  :   besides,  there  is  reason  to   think  that  the  troubles  are 
mainly  due  to  '  their  instigacions  and  abetting ',  as  witness  their 
recent  defence  of  the  junks  by  hoisting  their  colours  on  them.     As 
for  the  presumed  poverty  of  the  junks,  it  need  not  be  doubted  they 
will  be   rich   enough   to   countervail   the    English   goods   ashore, 
('  beeing  per  estimate  about  26  or  27  thowsand  pounds  starling 
at  most '),  for  often  one  ship  from  Jiddah  is  worth  more  in  treasure 
alone ;  while  as  for  the  Dutch  *  wee  are  noething  interessed  '.     It 
is  true  that  the  natives  have  offered  to  permit  the  lading  of  goods 
to  a  value  equivalent  to  that  of  any  the  English  may  land,  but 
there  is  no  assurance  of  performance,  for  though  runas  [Indian 
madder]  has  been  sent  ashore  to  the  value  of  40,000  mahmudls 
towards  satisfaction  of  their  demands,  they  still  refuse  to  permit 
any  rice  or  water  to  be  supplied  to  the  ships.     After  debate  it 
was  agreed  as  follows  by  all  save  James  and  Glanvill :    (i)  the 
choice  of  a  wintering-place  for  the  ships  is  left  to  the  Sea  Council, 
with  the  proviso  that  one  or  both  shall  return  to  this  coast  as  soon 
as  the  season  will  permit  (and  not  later  than  September  15),  both 
to  meet  the  fleet  from  England,  and  to  watch  Chaul  and  Dabhol 
as  well  as  Surat,  as  possibly  the  junks   will  be  diverted  to  the 
former  ports ;  (2)  after  the  capture  of  the  junks,  prize  crews  may 
be  put  into  them  if  absolutely  necessary,  but  proclamation  should 
be  made  that  any  pilfering  will  be  made  good  by  a  levy  on  the 


THE    ENGLISH   FACTORIES  21 

crew  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  offender  belongs  ;  (3)  as  Saif  Khan 
and  the  other  chiefs  pretend  to  be  debating  about  a  reconciliation, 
it  is  decided  to  keep  the  ships  until  the  loth  present,  and  then, 
if  nothing  is  settled,  to  dispeed  them  ;  (4)  the  present  officers 
in  the  ships  are  continued  in  authority,  but  Heynes  and  Lancaster 
are  exempted  from  the  control  of  any  of  the  captains.  Dissent  by 
James  and  Glanvill. — They  are  of  opinion  that  the  junks  should 
not  be  seized,  as  probably  they  will  either  remain  at  Mokha  this 
year  or  return  so  poor  that  they  will  not  be  worth  taking.  Secondly, 
if  a  fresh  composition  be  made  by  force,  the  natives  may  break 
it  again  (as  now)  at  pleasure ;  while,  if  they  remain  obstinate  and 
the  junks  be  carried  away,  there  will  be  a  great  risk  that  the  Dutch 
will  be  imprisoned  and  their  goods  seized,  which  will  give  them 
an  opportunity  (for  which  it  is  feared  they  are  waiting) '  to  manifest 
their  affections  towards  us '.  {Addressed  to  Captains  Hall  and 
Brown  and  to  Messrs.  Heynes  and  Lancaster  aboard  the  ships  at  the 
Bar  of  Surat :  zuith  directions  that  this  commission  is  not  to  be 
opened  until  the  ships  are  ten  leagues  south  of  Damdn^  and  is  to  be 
kept  secret.     6^  pp.) 

Thomas  Barker,  John  Purifie,  John  Benthall,  and  John 
Hayavard  at  Ispahan  to  the  Company,  May  30,  1624 
{O.C.  1 159)- 

.  .  .  '  That  important  and  so  prosperously  effected  busines 
betweene  the  factors  of  Surat  and  the  Guzerats  '  detained  the  ships 
there  longer  than  usual;  but  on  January  19  last  the  Blessing  Sind 
the  William  arrived  with  a  quantity  of  calicoes,  &c.,  to  the  value 
of  224,000  m[ahmudls].  Under  instructions  from  the  President 
and  Council,  the  unsold  portion  was  for  the  most  part  taken  back 
to  India.  Owing  to  fear  of  the  Portuguese,  merchants  are  scarce 
and  there  is  little  trade  to  be  done  at  Gombroon.  Have  received 
from  the  Sultan  their  moiety  of  the  customs  on  the  cargoes  of  four 
frigates  and  likewise  on  the  goods  of  the  passengers  in  their  ships, 
amounting  to  185  tumans.  The  proceeds  of  freight  from  India  on 
the  two  ships  were  174  tumans:  and  the  return  freight  would  have 
been  much  more  had  not  the  Dutch  forestalled  them,  their  ships 
quitting  the   port   the  very  day   the    William   and  the   Blessing 


12  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

arrived.     The  Dutch  commander  refused  to  pay  the  English  their 
half  of  the  customs ;  so  they  refer  the  recovery  to  the  Company. 
They  understand  that  the  value  of  the  Dutch  goods  landed  last 
year  was  12,000  tumans,  which  at  ten  per  cent,  (the  usual  port  duty) 
is  120  \sic]  tumans.     'For  this  yeares  cavidall  [capital],  in  that  the 
Chan  of  Shiraz  at  his  being  in  Spahaun  had  given  a  firmaen  for  the 
freeing  them  of  all  duties,  the  Sultan  before  our  comming  from 
the  port  did  not  or  dared  not  to  take  any  notice  thereof ;  but  since 
another   commandment   from    the    King   and    Chan   sent   to   the 
Governour  hath   contradicted   the   former,  granting  authority   to 
receive  custome  and  way  duties  ;  which  being  made  knowne  to  the 
Hollanders,  they  notwithstanding  stood  out  with  the  said  Governour, 
chusing  rather  to  let  their  goods  be  \sic  ?  lie]  at  port  then  to  bring 
them  up  paying  those  charges  ;  which  hee  perceiving,  and  not  being 
able  to  drawe  any  thing  from  them,  brake  up  their  chests  of  money 
and  tooke  out  for  the  half  custome,  &c.  belonging  unto  the  Chan 
d[olla]rs  [rials  in  inai'gvi]  5;25o.'     The  Blessing  and  William  left 
Gombroon  on  February  25,  with  4,8781  maunds  of  '  ruhanas  '  \see 
p.  20]  and  54  pieces  of  watered  'chamlets'.     'The  Chan  of  Shiraz 
by  order  from  the  Shah  hath  now  biult  a  castle  at  Gumroom  neare 
the  place  where  the  Portugals  had  their  auncient  fort,  strong  by 
fortifying  it  with  the  ruines  of  Ormuz,  laying  wast  the  one  and 
edifying  the  other,  so  as  it  is  a  misery  to  think  what  Ormuz  hath 
been  and  what  it  now  is,  in  the  towne  scarce  a  stone  being  left 
upon  a  stone ;  only  the  castle  itselfe  untouched,  wherein  are  about 
200  souldiers,  and  cannot  but  imagine,  if  the  Portugals  prevent  them 
not  (which  is  much  to  be  feared),  after  they  have  fortified  Gumroon 
and  Kishme  according  to  their  purposed  intents,  they  will  ruinate 
that  also,  for  now  (though  too  late)  they  consider  how  impossible  or 
to  what  small  purpose  it  will  be  for  them  to  enjoy  that  place  without 
the  assistance  of  some  other  nation  whose  continual!  shipping  may 
by  force  defend  those  seas  and  by  yearely  traffique  from   India 
maintaine  profitable  comerce  if  their  auncient  enemy  be  not  extirped 
or  driven  out  of  the  Gulph.      This  made  them  (but  in  vaine)  the 
last  yeare  endeavour  the  destruction  of  Muscat,  and  of  late  to  gape 
after  Balsara    [Basra],  which  now  the  Portugall.   seing    himselfe 
deprived  of  Ormuz,  maketh  his  chiefe  place  of  trade,  and  where  the 
Baxa  [Basha],  if  reports  be  true,  hath  promised  them  the  erection 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  23 

of  a  castle  and  given  them  leave  to  build  monasteries'.  .  .  .  {Copy. 
2  pp.     The  rest  of  the  letter  deals  exclusively  with  Persia.) 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
TO  Surat  [Marine  Records,  vol.  xl). 

1624,  March  27.  Sailed  from  the  Downs.  J^dy  13.  *  Mett  with 
weeds  called  strumblowes ',  a  good  sine  of  neerness '  to  land. 
July  14.  Saw  the  Sugarloaf  Mountain.  Jtdy  15.  Decided  to  put 
into  Table  Bay,  owing  to  want  of  water,  much  sickness  on  board, 
and  a  doubt  whether  they  could  reach  Madagascar  this  monsoon. 
Jjdy  17.  Anchored  there.  Jtdy  29.  Set  sail  again.  September  i. 
Anchored  at  Mohilla  [Comoro  Islands].  September  2.  Sailed. 
October  14.  Saw  the  coast  of  India.  October  ij.  About  five  leagues 
to  the  southward  of  Daman  they  met  the  Eagle,  bound  in  search  of 
the  Anne.     October  16.    Made  sail  for  Surat.     {^o\pp.) 

Robert  Fox's  ^  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xxxix). 

1624,  March  27.  Sailed  from  the  Downs.  Jidy  15.  It  was 
decided  by  consultation  to  put  into  '  the  Bay  of  Soldania '  [Table 
Bay].  July  19.  Anchored  in  the  Bay.  Jidy  29.  Sailed  again. 
September  1.  Anchored  offthe  King's  town  on  Mohilla.  September  2. 
Sailed  for  Surat.  October  14.  Saw  the  coast  of  India  between 
'John  de  Vee'  [Gandevl]  and  Daman.  October  15.  Anchored, 
with  '  the  Peeke  of  St.  Valentine  '  ^  in  sight  to  the  SE.  Met  the 
Eagle.     October  16.   Sailed  again,  and  proceeded  to  Surat.    {9ipp.) 

William  Minors's  *  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  [Ibid., 
vol.  xli). 

1624,  March  27.  Weighed  from  the  Downs.  Aprils.  The  Spy 
lost  company.  May  12.  Crossed  the  Line.  June  19.  The  Spy 
rejoined.     Jidy  15.    It  was  decided  to  stop  at  the  Cape.     July  17. 

'  Port,  tromba  (see  Mr.  Gray's  edition  of  Pyrard  de  Laval,  vol.  i.  p.  20). 

^  He  was  on  board  the  Royal  James,  probably  as  a  master's  mate.  There  is  a  close 
correspondence  throughout  between  his  entries  and  Monk's,  who  was  in  the  same  ship. 

^  Mahalakshml,  a  mountain  about  twelve  miles  east  of  Dahanu,  is  still  known  to 
sailors  as  '  Valentine  Peak '. 

*  He  was  master's  mate  on  board  the  Eagle.  From  references  in  his  journal  (an 
excellent  one)  it  is  clear  that  he  had  previously  come  home  in  the  London. 


«4  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Reached  Table  Bay,  where  they  found  the  Scout.  July  29.  Sailed 
again.  Aitgtist  2.  The  Jonas  Xosicom^^iny.  ^?/^?^j'^' 5.  Lost  sight 
of  the  rest  of  the  fleet.  August  25.  Saw  the  coast  of  Mozambique. 
August  o,\.  Crossed  the  Line.  September  26.  Saw  the  coast  of 
India  near  Dabhol.  Chased  a  junk  into  shallow  water.  Then  drove 
a  country  boat  into  harbour  at  '  Danday '  ^  and  boarded  her,  but 
•  the  multitude  of  people  beate  us  of  with  stones  and  smale  shott '. 
September  27.  Two  Moors  of  Danda-Rajpurl  came  on  board  and 
offered  to  procure  provisions.  They  gave  information  of  troubles 
at  Surat.  September  29.  Took  a  junk,  but  found  it  had  been 
already  pillaged  by  the  Malabars.  October  10.  Reached  Swally, 
where  they  found  the  Jonas,  the  Blessing,  and  the  William  ;  also 
four  Hollanders,  viz.  the  Ziiid  Holland,  Nietiw  Bantam,  Maagd  van 
Dor t,  and  IVesp.  October  11.  Anchored  in  the  Road.  October  12. 
The  Sjyy  and  the  Scout  came  in.     {17  pp.) 

CONSULTATIOxXS  HELD  IN  CaPTAIN  WeDDELL'S  FlEET  DURING 
THE  Voyage  -  [Marine  Records,  vol.  xl). 

1624,  April  2.  Richard  Hukely  and  Thomas  Brethers  appointed 
pursers  of  the  Spy  and  the  Scout.  Warm  clothing  to  be  issued. 
John  Berriman  made  second  steward's  mate  in  the  James.  A  diet 
table  laid  down.-^  St.  Augustine's  Bay  appointed  the  rendezvous  in 
case  of  separation.  Letters  should  be  left  there  under  some  tree, 
which  should  be  marked  with  LRS.  Mohilla,  in  the  Comoros, 
to  be  the  next  meeting-place.  Gratings  to  be  fixed  in  the  ships. 
The  stowaways  found  in  the  fleet  to  be  given  food  and  clothing,  but 
no  wages.     (Copy.     3  pp.) 

June  21.  The  ScotU  ordered  to  proceed  to  the  Cape  with  letters. 
Edward  Sewell  made  boatswain  of  the  Eagle.  John  Phelps,  master 
of  the  Spy,  explains  his  separation  from  the  fleet.  Resolved  to 
make  the  Cape,  but  not  to  call  there.     {Copy.     2\pp.) 

July  I.  The  Star  being  a  bad  sailer  and  a  great  hindrance  to 
the  fleet,  it  is  resolved  to  leave  her  behind,  to  make  her  way  to 

^  Probably  Danda,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Savitrl  River. 

2  Signed  by  Thomas  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  George  Page,  Gregory  Clement,  George 
Muschamp,  Henry  Wheatley,  Robert  Smythe,  Daniel  White,  Peter  Bell,  John  Weddell, 
Charles  Clevenger,  John  Rowe,  John  Johnson,  Richard  Swanley,  Andrew  Evans,  Joha 
Carter,  and  Nicholas  Xorber. 

=  Printed  at  p.  163  of  vol.  v  of  Letters  Received. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  25 

Surat  as  best  she  can.  Seven  chests  of  rials  to  be  transferred  from 
her  to  other  vessels  of  the  fleet.     {Copy.     2  pp.) 

July  15.  Resolved,  unless  the  wind  prove  favourable  for  Mada- 
gascar during  the  next  five  days,  to  go  either  into  '  Table  baye,  or 
into  Olde  Soldania  [Saldanha]  baye,  which  is  five  leagues  from 
Conny  [Dassen]  Island  NNE.'  Many  men  are  sick,  and  there  is 
a  general  want  of  water.  The  Star  now  sailing  better,  the  chests 
of  rials  are  to  be  returned  to  her  at  the  first  port.     [Copy,     i^pp-) 

August  15.  Discussion  whether  to  go  within  or  without  Mada- 
gascar. It  is  decided  to  adopt  whichever  course  may  seem  best  on 
reaching  the  southern  point  of  the  island.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

August  31.  As  the  wind  is  more  favourable  for  the  inside  course 
and  refreshments  are  needed,  it  is  determined  to  proceed  to  Mohilla. 
A  chest  of  rials  to  be  opened  for  the  necessary  disbursements. 
{Copy.     i\pp) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Factors  at  Masulipatam,  June  15,  1624  {Factory  Records,  Java, 
vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  284).^ 

Refer  to  their  previous  letter  by  the  Unity,  dispatched  on 
March  30.  Desire  a  yearly  supply  of  500  or  600  '  gunny  sacks ', 
and  10  or  12  tons  of  salt,  which  is  at  present  very  scarce  here. 
The  Charles  arrived  on  June  1 1  and  brought  instructions  from  the 
Company  to  invest  10,000  or  20,000  rials  yearly  in  diamonds;  so, 
if  the  mine  be  open,  a  supply  should  be  procured.  '  If  diamonds  be 
at  the  same  rates  as  in  the  time  of  Mr.  Methwold,  wee  preferr  your 
imploiements  in  diamonds  before  all  other  investments.  The 
Company  have  also  given  order  to  buy  20  sere  of  moga  ^  which 
wee  pray  you  send  by  the  Unity ;  and  advize  withall  at  what  prices 
the  same  may  be  bought  when  the  joncks  arrive  from  Bengala,  and 
what  quantity  yearely  to  be  had,  and  inquire  (if  you  can)  whereof 
the  said  moga  is  made,  how  it  groweth,  and  the  manner  of  curing  it, 
for  the  like  is  thought  to  grow  in  Virginia,  which  they  call  silke 

*  Sent  in  a  Dutch  ship  (the  Schoonhoven). 

*  A  strong  coarse  silk,  obtained  in  Bengal  and  Assam  from  the  mugd  silkworm.  The 
Company  no  doubt  got  their  information  from  Methwold,  who  in  his  Relations  of  the 
Kingdonie  of  Golchonda  (printed  in  Purchas  His  Pilgrimage,  1626)  mentions  among  the 
products  of  Bengal  brought  to  Masulipatam  (p.  1005)  '  Moga,  which  is  made  of  the  barke 
of  a  certaine  tree,  and  very  curious  quilts  and  carpets  stitched  with  this  Moga.' 


26  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

grasse.'  The  Unity  should  be  sent  off  without  delay,  and  should 
bring  some  rice  and  arrack,  which  are  both  much  needed  here.  The 
Mooti  has  been  repaired.  No  news  yet  of  the  Reformation  from 
Surat.  Captain  Blyth's  fleet  has  safely  arrived  in  England.  The 
Charles  met  the  Dolphin  at  the  Cape  on  March  29.  The  Palsgrave 
and  Lesser  James  have  reached  England.     {Copy,     i  />.) 

President  Brockedon  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  July  15,  1624  {Factory 
Records,  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  292). 

From  Mr.  Heynes,  who  arrived  in  the  William  on  June  22,^  they 
heard  '  the  untimely  newes  of  your  imprisoning,  with  the  desperate 
estate  of  our  masters  affaires  in  those  parts  '.  This  they  much 
regret,  '  as  members  of  the  same  body  with  yourselves,'  and  have 
now  returned  the  ship,  as  desired,  with  as  good  a  cargo  as  could  be 
managed.  Refer  to  Mr.  Heynes  for  details.  Some  Japan  silver 
and  a  chest  of  camphor  sent.  Forward  a  copy  of  their  previous 
letter  of  March  7  \sho7ild  be  27],  by  way  of  Masulipatam  ;  would 
be  very  glad  of  a  supply  of  the  calicoes  mentioned  therein.  Nothing 
has  been  heard  of  the  Reformation,  but  they  hope  that  the  delay  is 
due  to  her  calling  at  Achin.  The  Charles  arrived  on  June  n, 
having  left  the  Downs  on  November  6,  '  and  at  the  same  time  our 
Prince  Charles  arrived  in  the  West  Country,-  The  match  with 
Spaine  is  generally  reported  to  be  broken  off.'  By  this  ship  they 
received  a  good  quantity  of  provisions,  but  they  much  need  cables 
and  cordage,  and  would  be  glad  of  a  supply  from  Surat.  A  pinnace  ^ 
arrived  from  Holland  on  June  11,  and  since  then  two  great  ships* 
have  come  in  with  store  of  European  provisions.  These  brought 
a  letter  from  the  English  Company,  which  has  been  communicated 
to  Mr.  Heynes.  They  parted  at  the  Cape  with  two  other  Dutch 
ships,  one  bound  for  Surat  and  the  other  for  Masulipatam.'  Intend 
shortly  to  remove  from  Batavia  to  an  island  not  far  off,  but  must 
wait  for  a  further  supply  of  provisions,  especially  rice,  which  is  at 
present  very  scarce,  owing  to  '  the  Matrams  ^  warr '.    The  Company 

1  This  should  be  the  twenty-third:  see  p.  iS,  and  Dagh  Register,  1624-29,  p.  58. 
-  Charles  landed  at  Portsmouth  on  October  5,  1623,  and  reached  London  the  following 
morning.     The  Charles  seems  to  have  started  from  the  Thames  about  that  date. 
^  The  Tortelduif.  *  The  HoUandia  and  the  Gouda. 

^  The  former  was  the  Dordrecht ;  the  latter  the  Leettwin. 
*  The  Sultan  of  Mataram,  the  principal  native  ruler  in  Java. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  27 

directed  them  to  obtain  some  brass  ordnance  from  Japan  ;  '  but 
finding  those  most  base  and  not  useful!  and  that  factory  dissolved,' 
they  must  await  a  supply  from  England,  unless  Surat  can  spare 
them  a  few.  They  do  not  require  iron  pieces.  Any  superfluous 
men  would  also  be  welcome,  for  there  are  not  enough  here  to  sail 
the  ships,  while  the  lack  of  carpenters  is  so  great  that  vessels  have 
to  be  left  to  rot  for  want  of  help  to  trim  them.  In  future  any  ship 
for  Batavia  should  come  direct,  without  losing  time  in  touching  at 
Achin.  Send  copies  of  their  correspondence  with  the  Dutch  regard- 
ing Van  den  Broeck's  action  in  protecting  the  Surat  junks  against 
the  English.  Trust  that  the  assertion  that  the  latter  had  calumniated 
the  Dutch  to  the  natives  is  untrue.  For  their  own  part,  they 
consider  the  proceedings  of  the  Hollanders  '  as  acts  of  enmity  and 
hostile  defiance ' ;  but  it  would  be  well  not  to  aggravate  matters 
beyond  reason.     {Copy,     "^hpp^ 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  July  30,  1624  {Ibid.,  p.  297).^ 

Enclose  a  copy  of  their  last  letter,  sent  by  the  William,  which 
sailed  on  July  15.  Movements  of  shipping.  The  (T/^^ir/^j' is  shortly 
to  be  dispatched  to  establish  the  new  settlement.  Beg  again  for 
stores  and  men  to  provide  for  their  ships.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

The  Agreement  between  the  English  and  the  Surat 
Authorities  {O.C.  1295).^ 

'  A  Contract  of  Peace  made  with  Mr.  Rastell,  Captain  of  the 
English  nation,  which  we  for  the  future  do  oblige  ourselves  exactly 
to  observe,  i.  It  is  agred  that  the  English  shall  freely  trade  at 
their  pleasure  in  the  ports  of  Surat,  Cambaya,  Baroch,  Goga, 
Bengala,  Scynda,  and  in  other  the  cities  of  the  Kings  dominions, 
and  that  they  shall  have  liberty  to  import  and  export  all  sorts 
of  goods,  excepting  currall  for  one  year,  we  promising  not  to  ques- 
tion them  either  touching  the  quantity  or  time,  be  it  silver  or  gold 

^  Sent  by  the  Dutch  fleet  {Zuid  Holland,  Nietiw  Bantat7i,  and  IVesp). 

*  A  copy,  made  apparently  late  in  the  seventeenth  or  early  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
Sir  Henry  Yule  has  printed  the  greater  part  in  his  edition  of  Hedges'  Diary  (vol.  iii. 
p.  174),  but  he  was  mistaken  in  thinking  it  to  be  merely  a  second  version  of  the  agreement 
given  in  O.C.  1179;  the  latter  is  of  course  the  arrangement  concluded  nearly  a  year 
earlier  (see  the  pre\'ious  volume,  p.  309).  A  transcript  made  in  1789  will  be  found  at 
p.  213  of  vol.  i  of  the  Treaties  series. 


a8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

or  any  other  goods  whatsoever  they  shall  export  from  Hindustan 
for  their  own  country,  excepting  as  we  said  currall  for  one  year, 
which  being  expired  the  import  of  that  also  shall  not  be  prohibited. 
2.  That  it  shall  not  be  lawfull  for  either  the  Governour,  the  officers 
or  Droga  \ddroghd,  chief  or  head]  of  the  Custome  house  upon  the 
pretence  of  the  King  or  Princes  occasion  to  require  the  same 
[sale  ?]  of  any  goods  unto  them,  intended  for  their  own  proffitt ; 
onely  what  shall  be  indeed  necessary  for  the  Kings  use  may  be 
taken.  3.  That  the  house  belonging  to  Coja  Hossan  Allee,  wherein 
they  formerly  lived,  paying  rent,  shall  be  continnued  unto  them. 
4.  That  whatever  carts  shall  be  needful!  unto  the  English  for 
bringing  of  their  goods  from  the  maryne  of  the  towne  Swally  and 
for  transport  of  goods  from  the  river  Tappee  and  other  places,  as 
also  water  and  provissions  for  their  ships  expences,  they  shall  be 
furnished  of  them  without  molestation  or  prohibitition  [sic]  by  the 
Governours  of  Woorpar,^  either  present  or  to  come.  5.  That 
if  any  other  Christian  shall  offend  any  man  belonging  to  the  Kings 
port,  the  English  are  not  to  be  questioned  for  it  ;  but  if  any  English 
man  doe  commit  any  offence  they  are  answerable  for  it.  6.  That 
noe  land  customs  at  Baroch,  Brodera,  Uncleastar,  Kurkeh,  Berchaw,^ 
places  belonging  to  this  King,  shall  be  demanded  of  them,  nor  any 
molestation  for  matter  of  jagatt "  offered.  But  Baroch  being  a  port 
towne,  though  they  ship  not  their  goods  but  bring  them  thence  by 
land,  the  customs  of  that  are  payable  :  and  order  to  be  given  that 
the  English  receive  no  trouble  in  that  perticular.  7.  That  no  body 
shall  enter  forcibly  into  the  English  house  ;  but  if  there  accurr  any 
accident  of  concequence,  the  Captain  shall  repair  to  the  Governour 
and  accomodate  the  difference.  8.  That  their  caffelas  \_gdjila,  a 
caravan]  shall  pas  freely  through  the  countrey  without  molestation  ; 
and  if  any  man  have  any  just  exception  to  make  against  them,  he  is 
to  appear  before  the  Governour  of  Surrat  and  the  English  Captain, 
that  they  be[ing  ?]  made  therwith  accquainted  it  may  be  decided. 
9.    That   whatsoever   goods   or   varietyes  be   brought   in   by  the 

*  Olpad,  to  the  north-west  of  Surat :    the  Orpdr  of  the  Ain-i-Akbart.      Swally  was 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Governor. 

*  Broach,  Baroda,  Ankleswar,  Khirka,  Variao  (or  perhaps  Viara).      See  the  preceding 
volume,  p.  310. 

^  Hind,  jakdt,   from   the   Arabic  zakat,   '  alms '  or  '  contribution '.     Jahangir  in  his 
Tuzak  uses  it  as  a  generic  term  for  road-cesses  (Elliot's  History  of  India,  vol.  vi.  p.  284). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  29 

English,  neither  the  Governour   of  Surrat  nor  the  Droga  of  the 
Custome  house  shall  detain  them,  or  endeavour  to  put  a  price  upon 
them  in  any  place  of  their  own,  but  at  that  very  instant  they  shall 
cause  them  to  be  delivered  to  the  owner  that  they  may  be  conveyed 
to  the  English  house,  wheither  whosoever  hath  occasion  to  buy  may 
repair.     10.  That  the  English  may  have  the  free  exercise  of  their 
own   religion.     And   in   case   any   quarrell  or   difference   happen 
betwen  English  men,  their  Captain  shall  decide  it.     And  in  case 
any   quarrell  or   difference  arise   betwixt   an  Englishman  and  a 
Musselman,  the  Captain  shall  repair  to  the  Governour  and  they 
together  exammine  the  cause  thereof;  if  the  fault  shall  be  proved 
to  be  in  the  Englishman,  his  punnishment  is  refered  to  the  Captain  ; 
if  in  the  Musselman,  the  Governor  is  to  punnish  him ;  but  if  the 
Captain  do  refuse  to  doe  justice  on  his  people  that  offend,  the 
Governour  may.    11.  That  if  the  Chief  or  any  other  person  belong- 
ing to  the  English  chance  to  deceas  in  any  part  of  the  Kings 
countrey,  those  goods  that  be  in  his  custody,   wheither  money, 
Jewells,  or  other  goods  appartaining  to  the  English,,  shall  be  taken 
into  the  charge  of  any  other  English  that  shall  be  present  ;  no  man 
eke  may  have  to  doe  with  them.     But  if  it  should  so  happen  that 
all  the  English  in  the  countrey  doe  dye,  so  that  no  one  remaines  to 
take  those  goods  left  in  his  custody,  in  that  case  the  Governor  and 
Cozzee  [Qdzf,  Judge]  of  the  place,  takeing  an  exact  accompt  of 
them,  shall  cause  them  to  be  safely  housed  [and  ?]  kept  untill  some 
other  English  shall  apper  to  receive  them  ;  in  fine,  to  the  English 
they  are  to  be  restored.     12.  That  at  all  times  in  case  of  necessity, 
wheither  in  harbour  or  at  sea,  you  shall  administer  to  the  Kings 
ships  all  friendly  assistance  to  your  power.     And  as  the  English 
are  to  pretend  no  right  or  claim  to  any  ship  appartaining  to  the 
Kings  port,  nor  to  any  goods  on  board  them,  so  if  the  English  in 
their  own  revenge  do  assault  or  revenge  or  surprize  any  ship  belong- 
ing to  the  Portugalls,  Dean  [Deccanes  ?],  or  any  other  their  enemys, 
the  Kings  people  shall  lay  no  claim  to  them  nor  cause  any  trouble 
or  demand  any  account  of  them,  nor  in  any  wise  take  part  with  any 
such  their  enemies.     13.  That  whensoever  the  Captain  or  any  other 
English  shall  have  occasion  to  go  on  board  their  ships,  as   an 
acknowledgment  of  the  Governour  he  shall  desire  his  lycence  and 
not  goe  without  it  whilst  this  our  friendship  continueth.    So  doeing. 


30  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

no  person  shall  be  denied  or  molested  ;  onely  in  way  of  acknow- 
ledgment of  the  Governors  authority  they  shall  allwayes  on  their 
goeing  on  board  accquaint  him  therewith.  14.  That  from  whomso- 
ever the  English  have  any  just  demands  within  the  province  of 
Guzzaratt,  satisfaction  shall  be  made  them  justly.  And  for  whatso- 
ever they  shall  have  returned  unto  the  marchants,  according  to  their 
severall  writeings,  they  are  to  receive  requittance.  And  as  concern- 
ing their  request  we  shall  remitt  our  petition  unto  the  Court  for  the 
grant  of  His  Majesties  phyrmaund.  And  for  what  shall  be  due 
unto  them  in  any  other  province  of  the  Kings  dominions  from  any 
person,  their  vackeels  [wakll,  an  agent]  at  Court  is  to  accquaint  the 
King  thereof  with  [sic]  and  for  recovery  thereof  to  petition  for  His 
Majesties  phyrmaund.  Given  the  25th  day  of  the  moone  Shahur 
Noor  Allee,  in  the  25  year  of  the  raigne  of  Shaw  Jehan  Geere.'  ^ 

Issefif  Ckawn,  Governor.  Mahmud  Salle  Tabreeze. 
Khozzy  Mahmud  Khossum.        Nazzerutt  Din. 

Jam  Hooly  Beague.  Mahmud  Alle  Spahardy. 

Isshankh.  Allee  Musshownd. 

Allee  Hussan.  Sawdut  Yaur. 

Nezommadin.  Muddawyly  Mahmud. 

All  Khoole  Sudra.  Mahmudie  Ibraim. 

All  Khoole  Mahmud.  Hodgee  Adull  Nubby. 

Mahmud  Suffe.  -  Hurry  Buzzy. 

Ruzza.  Virgee  Vorah. 
Jeloldin  Mahmud. 

^  This  date  is  manifestly  wrong.  For  'the  25  year'  (which  is  impossible)  we  must 
read  the  twentieth  (see  the  preceding  volume,  p.  306);  while  'Shahur  Noor  Allee'  is 
probably  meant  for  '  Shahrytir  Ilahl '.  It  is  not  easy  to  work  out  the  details  of  the  Ildht 
era ;  but  apparently  the  twenty-fifth  Shahryur  of  Jahangir's  twentieth  year  would  fall 
fairly  close  to  the  date  (September  7,  1624)  given  by  the  President  and  Council  of  Surat 
(see  p.  59)  as  that  on  which  the  matter  was  settled. 

The  names  attached  to  the  agreement  appear  to  be  those  of  Saif  Khan  (the  Governor), 
the  QazI  Mahmud  Kasim,  Jam  Qull  Beg  (the  Captain  of  the  Castle),  Is-haq  [Beg],  All 
Hasan,  Nazmuddin,  Ali  QuIi  Sadr,  Ali  Quli  Mahmud,  Mahmud  Sufi,  Raza,  Jalaluddin 
Mahmud,  Mahmud  Salih  Tabriz!,  Naziruddin,  Mahmud  All  IspahanI,  All  Mashadi, 
Saadat  Yar,  Mutawalli  Mahmud,  MahmudI  Ibrahim,  Hajl  Abdul-nabI,  Hari  Vaisya,  and 
Virjl  Vora.     Several  of  these  names  have  evidently  been  misread  by  the  copyist. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  31 

William  Minors's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Eagle 
IX  search  of  the  Anne  [Marine  Records,  vol  xli). 

1624,  October  14.  Sailed  from  Swally.  October  15.  Met  the 
James  and  the  Star.  October  27.  Off  Mangalore  a  Portuguese 
canoe  brought  a  present  of  fish.  Heard  that  the  Portuguese  fleet 
had  sailed  from  Goa  eight  days  before.  October  29.  Having 
reached  latitude  12°,  they  turned  back  for  Swally.  November  4. 
Saw  forty  or  fifty  frigates  close  inshore.  November  5.  Anchored 
off  Dabhol.  November  6.  Sent  the  President's  letter  ashore. 
November  7.  Minors  landed  with  Mr.  Loftus.  They  were  well 
received  by  the  Governor,  though  he  complained  of  the  English 
taking  their  ships,  and  especially  of  Captain  Hall's  proceedings. 
'  They  promised  us  anie  refreshing  or  water,  but  would  have  noe 
commerce  with  us  untill  such  time  as  wee  had  setled  a  factorie 
there.'  November  8  and  9.  Provisions  taken  on  board.  Sailed  at 
midnight.  November  10.  Overtook  a  Portuguese  vessel  of  250  tons 
from  Goa,  bound  for  Chaul  with  coco-nuts,  ebony  wood,  and  sandal- 
wood.^ November  11.  Captured  two  small  junks.  November  12. 
Put  the  Portuguese  prisoners  on  shore.  Nove^nber  15.  Chased 
a  ship,  two  frigates,  and  a  pinnace.  The  crew  ran  the  ship  ashore 
and  made  off  in  the  frigates ;  but  Minors  managed  to  get  the  ship 
afloat,  and  they  took  her  along.  November  19.  Met  Weddell's 
fleet,  bound  for  Persia.  After  consultation,  all  the  English  ships 
made  for  Surat,  leaving  the  Dutch  to  pursue  their  voyage  alone. 
November  21.  The  William  and  the  Blessing,  hearing  the  parting 
salutes  and  thinking  that  a  fight  was  in  progress,  came  out  to  join 
them.  Minors  went  into  Swally  and  landed  the  deck  cargo  of  the 
prize  of  which  he  was  in  charge.  November  26.  Kerridge  sent  him 
on  board  the  Eagle  again,  and  put  a  pilot  in  charge  of  the  prize,  to 
carry  her  into  the  river,  promising  Minors  the  command  of  her  on 
his  return  from  Persia ;  she  was,  however,  cast  away  on  a  sandbank 
in  the  river  and  her  cargo  lost.  She  belonged  to  the  Captain 
of  Muskat  and  was  of  the  burden  of  350  tons.     (5I  //.) 

^  She  was  renamed  the  John,  and  accompanied  the  fleet  to  Persia  under  the  charge  of 
John  Darby. 


32  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Consultations  held  ox  board  the  James  at  Swally 
[Marine  Records,  vol.  xl).^ 

1624,  October  23.  Arrangements  for  provisioning  the  William 
and  Blessijig  for  their  voyage  to  England.  Thirty-two  pieces  of 
ordnance  to  be  allowed  for  each  ship.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

October  27.  Arrangements  for  victualling  the  fleet  for  the  voyage 
to  Persia.  The  Scout  and  the  ships'  boats  are  to  endeavour  to 
recover  a  boat  laden  with  wine  and  beer  which  has  been  taken 
by  some  Malabars  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,     {Copy,     i  p^) 

Robert  Young  and  John  Willoughby  at  Lahore  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  October  26,  1624  {O.C. 
ii67).2 

Their  last  was  of  the  15th  present,  with  a  copy  of  the  King's 
'furmand'.  Since  then  they  have  procured  the  dispatch  of  two 
'  haddies  ',  who  are  ordered  to  carry  to  them  the  royal  farman, 
in  company  of  John  Willoughby,  '  Cojah  ^  havinge  givne  them  his 
parwanna  to  see  all  thinges  restoored  unto  you  and  re-established 
againe  in  youre  formar  trad  and  priviolidges.'  The  messengers 
should  therefore  be  acquainted  with  all  moneys  unjustly  taken  from 
them,  either  by  SafI  Khan,^  '  chuckedares  or  radarries,'  or  in  Broach 
for  customs,  which  they  are  not  to  pay.  If  any  money  be  forced 
from  them  before  the  arrival  of  the  ahadls,  the  latter  should  be  sent 
with  the  farman  to  redemand  it.  Should  this  be  denied,  Young 
should  be  furnished  with  the  particulars  '  under  the  duscoote  and 
choope  of  the  haddies ',  when  he  will  '  macke  eares  to  Cojah '  for 
redress.  It  would  be  well  to  arrange  that  the  ahadls  shall  be 
present  when  the  English  demand   from  Safi  Khan    the    70,000 

^  Signed  by  Weddell,  Clevenger,  Hall,  Brown,  Rowe,  Swanky,  Wheatley,  Smith,  and 
White. 

^  The  following  glossary  may  be  found  useful  in  making  out  this  letter,  which  is  a  good 
specimen  of  the  jargon  often  employed  by  the  factors  in  writing  to  one  another : — 
farman,  a  command  ;  ahadi,  sl  royal  messenger ;  parwdna,  a  written  order ;  chaukidar, 
(here)  a  customs -guard  ;  rdhddr,  a  road-guard  ;  daskat  (dast-khat),  handwriting;  chhdf, 
a  seal-impression ;  ayz,  a  petition ;  sitdn-bardt,  an  order  to  take ;  dasturi,  an  agent's 
commission ;  skash,  a  turban-cloth  ;  dud,  a  prayer,  or  good  wishes ;  dildsd,  encouragement. 

^  Khwaja  Abul  Hasan.  He  is  often  wrongly  called  Abdullah  Hasan  in  the  factors' 
letters. 

*  Safi  Khan  had  become  the  Nawab  Saif  Khan  (see  the  previous  vol.,  p.  305  n.),  but 
the  writer  has  slipped  back  to  the  old  familiar  name. 


-      THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  ^^ 

mahmudls,  as  if  he  refuses  they  will  be  able  to  bear  witness  of  it  on 
their  return  to  court.     On  the  17th  instant  sent  a  '  setonbarratt '  to 
Agra  for  '  rupies  Jehangeeries  9475  '.     This  includes  3,000  '  rupes 
casanna '  ^  belonging  to  Mr.  Morris  Abbot  for  three  emeralds  of  his 
sold  to  Asaf  Khan.2     Mr.   Abbot  should    be  credited  with  that 
amount,  less  four  per  cent.  '  dusturies  '  and  one  per  cent,  brokerage. 
Late  last  night  they  received  the  Surat  factors'  letter  of  September  9, 
with  the  articles  of  agreement  with  Safi  Khan,  &c.  ;  also  letters 
from  their  friends  at  Agra  and  Ahmadabad.     Were  glad  to  hear  of 
the  factors'  release  and  of  the  restitution  of  certain  moneys,  not 
doubting  but  that  the  rest  will  be  likewise  returned  on  the  arrival 
of  the  ahadls.     Four  days  ago  they  saw  the  same  agreements  and 
articles,  which  had  been  sent  to  '  Cojah '  by  SafI  Khan  ;  these,  how- 
ever, came  too  late  for  any  of  them  to  be  included  in  the  farman, 
which  had  been  delivered  to  the  English  twenty  days  before  the 
agreement  arrived,  and   '  Cojah  '  would  not  alter   what  had  been 
passed.     Any  benefits  promised  in  the  agreement  should  be  boldly 
claimed  in   spite    of  the   absence  of  a  farman  ;  and  should  any 
difficulty  be  made,  Young  will  do  his  best  at  court  to  settle  matters. 
The  great  jewel  is  still  on  hand.     Since  its  return  they  have  shown 
it  privately  to  the  Governor  of  Lahore,  but  he  valued  it  not  above 
i2,GGO  rupees.     Asaf  Khan  is  determined  not  to  give  more  than 
14,000  rupees,  and  they  think  it  better  to  take  this  price  than 
to  have  the  jewel  returned  and   incur  his  displeasure,  especially 
as  the  Turks  are  daily  crying  to  him  for  justice  on  the  English, 
'  throwinge  their  shashes  under  their  feete  and  tramppelling  uppon 
them.'     He  heard  their  cause,  and  called  upon  the  factors  for  their 
defence.     They  told  him  that  the  Turks  were  their  enemies,  and 
had  seized  their  goods  and  men,  killing  some  of  the  latter :  that 
they  knew  nothing  of  the  present  complainants,  and  they  under- 
stood that  the  whole  of  the  cargo  taken  belonged  (like  the  ship)  to 
Malik  Ambar.     He  was  satisfied  with  this  explanation,  and  said 
that  he  would  give  the  Turks  an  answer  at  their  next  coming. 
The  latter  had  already  '  been  to  Cojah  and  freaded  ^  dyveres  tymes,' 

*  According  to  Mitford  (1615)  five  khazdna  ('  treasury  ')  rupees  were  equal  in  value  to 
four /a>^a«^ri"  rupees  {Letters  Received,  vol.  iii.  p.  87). 
'•*  See  the  previous  volume,  p.  178. 
^  A  verb  made  out  of  the  TXQxmfarydd,  '  a  cry  for  help  or  redress.' 

FOSTER    111  £) 


34  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

but  he  refused  to  interfere,  telling  them  '  they  weare  none  of  this 
Kinges  people :  he  had  nothinge  to  do  with  them '.  The  broker 
'Dongee'  [Dhanji]  'rememberes  his  dwa'.  He  has  been  very 
useful  '  this  trubbellsome  tyme ',  and  a  few  lines  of  commendation 
should  be  written  to  him  '  to  give  him  delassa '.  Request  also 
instructions  as  to  what  should  be  paid  him  in  requital.  Willoughby 
has  been  sent  down  with  the  ahadls  because  '  Cojah  Abdilla  Hasan  ' 
insisted  on  an  Englishman  accompanying  them.  The  second  ahadi 
is  really  sent  on  business  belonging  to  '  Agganoore  '  [Agha  Nur]  ; 
but  if  the  charge  be  somewhat  increased,  '  wee  shall  have  the  better 
respect  in  Surratt,  knowinge  we  are  againe  in  the  Kinges  favior.* 
Dogs  or  anything  else  fit  to  offer  to  His  Majesty  as  presents  should 
be  sent  up.     {Endorsed  as  received  on  December  13.     '2'\  pp.) 

Consultation  held  on  board  the  James  [at  Swally], 
November  13,  1624  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xl).^ 

It  is  determined  not  to  keep  any  ship  of  Weddell's  fleet  behind 
to  help  defend  the  William  and  Blessing  against  the  Portuguese ; 
but  if  necessary  those  two  vessels  are  to  go  to  sea  until  the 
Portuguese  squadron  has  passed.  They  are  to  wait  some  time 
in  19°  N.  latitude,  and  to  return  not  later  than  December  10. 
{Copy.     \\pp) 

Captain  John  Weddell  and  Henry  Wheatley^  at  the 
Bar  of  Swally  to  the  Company,  November  [15  ?],  1624  {O.C. 
1168). 

Account  of  their  voyage  from  England  in  the  Royal  James. 
Left  the  Downs  IMarch  28,  1624.  and  two  days  later  lost  sight  of 
the  Lizard.  Anchored  in  Table  Bay  on  July  19,  and  left  again  on 
the  29th.^  On  August  31  they  reached  Mohilla  [Comoro  Islands], 
where  they  obtained  some  refreshment.  Sailed  September  2,  and 
on  the  nth  crossed  the  Line,  with  only  the  Star  in  company.  The 
coast  of  India  was  sighted  on  the  14th  of  the  same*  month,  and 

^  Signed  by  Rastell,  James,  Heynes,  Hopkinson,  Weddell,  Clevenger,  Brown,  Hall,  and 
Rowe.  *  Purser  of  the  Royal  James. 

'  There  is  a  '  post  office  stone '  in  the  Museum  at  Cape  Town  recording  the  visit.  The 
names  of  the  Royal  James,  Henry  Wheatley,  Richard  Langford  (his  mate),  and  Edward 
Smith  (purser's  mate  in  \.\it.  Jonas^\  can  be  made  out  on  the  stone. 

*  Should  be  October  14. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  35 

on  the  1 8th  they  anchored  in  Swally  Road,  where  they  found  the 
William  and  Blessing,  four  Dutch  ships,  and  the  Jonas,  Spy,  and 
Scotit  of  this  year's  fleet.  The  Eagle  had  also  arrived,  but  had 
been  sent  to  look  for  the  Anne.  Notes  of  accidents  during  the 
voyage,  defects  in  the  various  ships,  deficiencies  in  their  provisions, 
&c.  The  '  Saldanians  '  at  the  Cape  proved  '  very  affable  and  tract- 
able '.  Prospects  of  trade  with  them.  The  Dutch  at  Surat  have 
suggested  that  the  English  ships  should  accompany  their  four  to 
Persia,  as  the  Portuguese  are  said  to  have  strong  forces  in  readiness. 
To  this  they  have  agreed,  and  are  now  ready  to  depart  for 
Gombroon,  in  company  with  six  small  junks  of  Surat.  {Mnch 
damaged.     5  pp) 

Thomas  Kerridge,  aboard  the  Jonas'^  at  Swally,  to 
THE  Company,  November  15,  1624  {O.C.  1169). 

For  the  events  of  the  earlier  part  of  the  voyage  he  refers  to 
a  letter  of  June  22  \iiot  extant\.  They  endeavoured  to  avoid 
touching  at  the  Cape,  but  were  forced  by  contrary  winds  to  do  so. 
Anchored  there  on  July  19,  and  found  in  the  Bay  only  their  pinnace, 
the  Scout.  By  inscriptions  on  stones  they  perceived  that  the 
Dolphin,  homeward  bound  from  Surat,  had  departed  in  April  last ; 
but,  although  the  inscriptions  stated  that  she  had  left  letters,  none 
could  be  found.  They  supposed,  therefore,  that  either  the  Dutch 
or  the  Danes  had  disinterred  them.  At  this  place  they  obtained 
a  reasonable  store  of  refreshing,  with  the  result  that  their  men  sick 
of  '  the  scurbeck '  partly  recovered  during  their  stay.  The  fleet 
sailed  on  July  29.  The  Jonas  lost  company  on  August  3  in 
a  storm,  and  made  her  way  alone  to  Mohilla,  where  she  arrived 
August  26  and  stayed  three  days.  From  a  letter  left  by  Robert 
Johnson  they  learned  that  the  Royal  Anne,  with  pepper  from 
Batavia,  had  been  there  and  had  departed  towards  Surat  in 
a  lamentable  condition  but  four  days  before.  They  hastened  after 
her,  but  failed  to  find  her.  Reached  Surat  Bar  October  7,  and 
found  the  William  and  Blessing  in  Swally  Road.  Two  days  later 
the  Eagle  arrived,  whereupon  she  was  dispatched  to  search  for  the 
Royal  Anne  \  she  left  on  October  14,  but  as  yet  nothing  has  been 

^  This  vessel  is  often  called  the  Jonah  in  later  documents. 
D  2 


36  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

heard  of  either  vessel.  The  two  pinnaces  came  in  on  the  13th, 
followed  by  the  James  and  the  Star  on  the  i8th.  Defects  in 
the  ships*  provisions,  especially  the  bread  and  the  beef.  The 
supply  of  sails  too  small.  At  least  a  thousandweight  of  the  quick- 
silver has  leaked  away,  owing  to  bad  packing.  '  The  state  of  Your 
Worships'  affayres  in  these  partes  hath  found  great  alteracion  since 
departure  of  the  Dolphi7ie.  All  differences  lately  before  (upon 
stopping  of  the  juncks)  concluded  upon  soone  after  her  dispeed 
were  againe  called  in  question,  your  servants  in  all  places  of  this 
kingdome  put  in  irons  and  imprisoned,  and  restitucion  inforced 
with  sundry  extorcions  besides,  as  themselves  can  best  and  will  noe 
doubt  declare  ;  upon  restitucion  whereof  and  further  satisfaccion 
giv^en  in  sundry  kinds,  they  reobteyned  their  libertyes  and  newe 
articles  for  confirmacion  of  your  future  trade,  and  are  in  expectacion 
of  the  Kings  firmaen  (for  their  better  assurance),  yet  unreceaved.' 
'  The  Redd  Sea  trade,  through  Davis  his  unseasonable  robbing  of 
a  smale  vessell  of  Aden  ^  (as  tis  imputed),  grewe  so  dangerous  to 
your  servants  and  estate  that  they  would  adventure  no  more 
thither  ;  and  since  an  accident  of  greater  moment  by  the  taking  of 
certaine  Turkes  upon  a  junck  of  Chaul  hath  made  Mocho  unaccess- 
able  for  us,  except  you  shall  thinck  fitt  to  procure  the  Grand 
Signours  command  for  remission  of  the  passed  and  future  saufe 
recepcion  ;  till  when  Dabull  allso,  whereat  you  seeme  to  ayme  for 
residence  of  a  factorie,  will  not  be  worth  the  charge  (except  ample 
trade  in  Persia  should  induce  it)  ;  which,  in  regard  of  some  late 
hostile  exploytes  performed  in  there  harboure  cannot  untill  a  newe 
accorde  with  safetie  be  attempted.'  There  has  been  a  long  cessation 
of  supplies  to  Persia,  and  little  has  been  obtained  there  '  to  your 
mayne  desires '.  However,  '  in  regard  of  your  advice  for  farther 
treatyes  with  the  Chan,  triall  at  Ormus,  and  consent  of  service  to 
the  Persian  in  his  warrs  with  the  Portingall/  this  fleet  is  to  go 
thither,  and  Kerridge  is  to  accompany  them  '  according  to  your 
apointment '.  He  regrets  the  latter  arrangement,  both  because  he 
has  small  hope  of  success,  and  also  because,  as  Rastell  and  James 
intend  to  leave  for  England  before  he  can  return,  it  would  have 
been  better  for  him  to  remain  to  look  after  affairs  at  Surat.  More- 
over, it  is  believed  that  the  Khan  is  with  the  Shah  at  '  Babilon ' 

'  See  the  previous  volume,  p.  252. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  ^^l 

[Bagdad],  warring  against  the  Turks  ;  and  in  any  case  it  is  not 
likely  he  would  grant  what  his  master  had  denied.  As  for  restitu- 
tion of  the  share  unjustly  detained  of  the  spoils  of  Ormus,  what 
was  taken  was  immediately  divided  among  the  soldiers,  and  it  is 
improbable  that  anything  can  now  be  recovered.  The  Persians 
may  be  willing  to  employ  the  English  ships  in  capturing  Muskat, 
but  it  is  '  a  beggerly  poor  towne,  and  will  never  defray  the  charge ' ; 
and  the  strength  of  the  Portuguese  in  the  Gulf  is  said  to  be  ample 
both  for  defence  and  offence.  This  has  induced  the  Dutch  ships, 
though  four  in  number,  to  join  the  English  fleet  in  their  passage 
thither.  '  Ormus  is  become  a  ruyned  heape,  though  the  castle 
fortefyed  ;  which  if  the  Persian  be  able  to  keepe,  can  never  be 
reduced  to  itts  former  trade  so  long  as  the  Portingalls  hath  eyther 
strength  of  shipping  or  friggatts  to  intercept  the  Indyans  that  shall 
trade  thither ;  whereby  the  place  will  contynue  unfrequented  and 
unpeopled,  as  hitherto  it  doth,  save  only  by  souldiers  and  some 
poore  people  constrayned  to  live  there.  So  that,  if  the  trade  in 
Persia  bee  not  worth  the  following,  Ormus  is  poore  incorragement 
to  itts  contynuance.'  Will  do  his  best ;  but  it  seems  a  great  pity 
that  the  fleet  should  go  thither  the  last  two  years  (and  now  again) 
to  little  or  no  purpose.  '  Eyther  you  must  resolve  to  followe  that 
trade  or  absolutly  to  give  it  over.'  The  Surat  factors  are  doubtful 
which  course  to  adopt,  and  have  left  it  to  be  decided  on  the  arrival 
of  the  fleet  there.  Had  the  Company's  previous  orders  for  the 
dissolution  of  the  trade  been  carried  out,  they  would  by  this  time 
have  been  free  from  that  country;  but  the  Dutch  have  sent  a  good 
cargo  thither,  have  been  fairly  received  by  the  Shah,  and  both  the 
last  and  the  present  year  sent  round  supplies  thither,  '  which  will 
give  cause  of  question  to  the  world  why  Your  Worships  should 
refuse  that  which  theyr  Companie  so  much  pursue ' ;  this  seems  to 
him  the  chief  reason  for  deferring  a  decision  until  further  orders, 
which  he  entreats  may  be  explicit.  In  accordance  with  the  agree- 
ment, 225  tumans  have  been  paid  to  the  English  on  account  of  the 
customs  at  Ormus  and  Gombroon  during  the  past  year.  Suggests 
that  the  Dutch  Company  be  induced  to  enjoin  their  servants  here 
(without  waiting  for  permission  from  Batavia)  to  join  the  English, 
if  occasion  be  offered,  to  overthrow  the  Portuguese  and  make  the 
Gulf  free  once  more.     The   William  and  Blessing  are  to  sail  for 


38  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

England  before  his  arrival  from  Persia  ;  and  he  trusts  that  he  will 
find  sufficient  cargo  ready  here  to  dispatch  the  Eagle  about  the  end 
of  February.  In  any  case  one  ship  must  return  as  soon  as  possible 
from  Persia  in  order  to  go  to  the  southwards ;  and  he  intends  to 
take  his  passage  in  her  '  to  direct  your  afifayres  in  India '.  With 
regard  to  goods  most  suitable  for  these  parts  he  refers  to  the 
factors'  letters  and  accounts ;  but  conceives  it  desirable  to  send 
cloth  of  gold  and  silver,  pearls,  satins,  and  other  goods  fit  for  sale 
at  court,  where  it  is  requisite  to  have  an  agent  continually  resident. 
Comb-cases,  strong  waters,  and  knives  for  presents  would  also  be 
useful.  The  main  lading  of  these  ships  will  be  Sarkhej  indigo. 
Requests  the  Company  to  reconsider  their  order  that  a  third  of  all 
the  indigo  sent  home  should  be  that  of  Biana ;  the  latter  is  a  third 
dearer  than  the  Sarkhej  indigo,  while  the  difference  of  price  in 
England  is  small.  The  quantities  of  calicoes  ordered  to  be  pro- 
vided annually  will  necessitate  the  resettling  of  divers  factories 
dissolved  last  year,  but  factors  are  scarce,  owing  to  so  many  being 
either  dead  or  bound  homewards  ;  he  desires  therefore  that  six  or 
seven  '  bred  marchants '  be  sent  out  to  make  good  the  deficiency. 
If  the  Company  decide  to  follow  up  the  trade  in  Persia  a  fit  agent 
must  be  dispatched  with  suitable  presents  and  a  letter  from 
King  James  ;  also  some  assistants,  there  being  at  present  only 
four  besides  the  principal,  who  is  reported  to  be  dead.  The  future 
employment  of  the  ships  must  depend  on  circumstances.  If  the 
Persians  do  not  want  their  services,  the  Commander  is  willing  to 
waylay  the  Portuguese  carracks  at  Mozambique.  It  is  not  known 
whether  the  Dutch  will  join  in  this.  Wishes  to  hear  whether  the 
Company  approve  of  the  idea.  Learns  that  the  Danes  have  in 
two  several  years  laden  a  ship  of  about  300  tons  with  ebony  wood 
from  Mauritius,  where  abundance  is  to  be  had  for  the  cutting  ;  and 
the  Company's  present  letter  mentions  that  some  of  poor  quality 
sent  home  in  the  Hart  was  sold  for  20j-.  the  cwt.  Thinks  a  small 
ship  might  be  sent  yearly  from  Surat  thither  to  procure  a  stock  to 
be  used  as  ballast  in  the  homeward  bound  vessels  ;  but  desires 
instructions  herein.  They  should  also  take  into  consideration  the 
small  stock  which  will  be  left  here  after  the  departure  of  the  ships 
for  England  and  the  southwards,  a  great  sum  of  money  having 
been  carried  to  Batavia  last  year  by  the  Reformation.     P.S. — His 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


39 


recommendation  of  the  dispatch  of  '  bred  marchants '  is  not  meant 
to  exclude  the  enlistment  of  younger  men  for  the  junior  posts,  of 
whom  there  is  much  need.     {Holograph.     7  //.) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  to  Persia  {Marine 
Records^  vol.  xxxix). 

1624,  November  8.  The  James  left  '  Swally  Hole  '.  Novem- 
ber 16.  The  whole  fleet  sailed  for  Persia.  November  18.  Met  the 
Eagle  with  two  Portuguese  prizes,  one  (of  300  tons  burden)  bound 
for  Chaul  empty,  the  other  having  37  horses  and  a  quantity  of 
dates  on  board.  November  19.  Decided  to  return  to  Surat,  to 
protect  the  William  and  Blessing  against  the  expected  Portuguese 
fleet.  November  20.  Anchored,  and  sent  word  to  the  President. 
November  26.  Weighed  again.  December  13.  The  Spy  and  the 
James  s  barge  captured  a  Portuguese  frigate  of  70  or  80  tons. 
December  18.  Anchored  in  Jask  Road.  December  20.  Sailed. 
December  28.  Fired  at  the  Portuguese  squadron  of  sixteen  frigates, 
but   the  shots  failed    to   reach  them.     Anchored   off  Gombroon. 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xl).^ 

162^,  Noveviber  16.  The  fleet  sailed,  in  company  with  four  Dutch 
ships  and  four  junks.  Noveviber  18.  Met  the  Eagle,  with  two 
Portuguese  prizes.  November  19,  Hearing  from  the  Eagle  that 
a  Portuguese  fleet  of  at  least  twelve  sail  was  bound  for  Surat,  it 
was  thought  advisable  to  return.  November  20.  Monk  was  sent 
ashore  to  carry  the  news  to  the  President.  November  21.  He 
returned  with  the  President  and  some  merchants.  November  26. 
The  fleet  sailed  again.  December  13.  Captured  a  Portuguese 
frigate  of  70  or  80  tons,  laden  v/ith  wheat,  rice,  &c.  December  18. 
Anchored  off  Jask.  December  20.  Sailed  again.  December  28. 
Fired  at  Ruy  Freire's  squadron  of  frigates  blockading  Ormus,  but 
could  not  reach  them.  Anchored  off  Gombroon.  December  29. 
Moved  nearer  the  shore,     {^^pp.) 

'  Another  account  by  Monk  will  be  found  prefixed  to  his  narrative  of  the  fight  with  the 
Portuguese  (p.  50). 


40  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

William  Minors's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xH). 

1624,  November  27.  The  fleet  sailed.  December  i.  At  night  the 
William  and  the  Blessing  parted  company.  December  12.  The 
Spy  took  a  frigate  bound  for  Muskat.  December  18.  Anchored  off 
Jask.  December  19.  Sent  on  shore  and  found  that  the  Portuguese 
had  been  there  *  and  fired  the  towne  ;  soe  that  most  of  the  people 
were  forced  to  take  [to  ?]  the  castle  and  the  rest  of  them  were 
gonne  upp  into  the  countrie '.  December  20.  Resumed  their 
voyage.  December  28  (?).  Stood  in  for  Ormus,  'where  wee  met  our 
old  freinde  Rufrero  with  17  or  18  friggets  to  keepe  the  Persian 
for  [from?]  landing  one  Armooze.'  Anchored  off  Gombroon  in 
the  evening.  1625,  Jcin^^ciry  i.  Stood  in  nearer  to  the  shore. 
Jamia7'y  17.  They  went  over  to  Ormus.  The  Eagle  was  nearly 
driven  ashore.  Jajmary  24.  Returned  after  taking  in  ballast. 
January  31.  The  Portuguese  fleet  came  in  sight.  Prepared  for 
battle.     (4//.) 

Consultation  held  on  board  the  James  near  Daman, 
November  19,  1624  {Ibid.^  vol.  xl).^ 

Debate  whether  to  continue  their  voyage  to  Persia  or  to  return 
to  Swally  to  secure  the  William  and  Blessing  against  the  appre- 
hended attack  by  the  Portuguese.  It  is  decided  to  adopt  the 
latter  course,  and  to  seek  direction  from  the  President  and  Council 
for  their  future  action.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

Consultation  held  in  Lagundy  by  President  Hawley 
and  Council,  December  27,  1624  [Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
part  ii.  p.  152). 

Mr.  John  Johnson,  '  lately  arived  from  Tanjore  in  the  Hart, 
haveing  ben  entertayned  for  the  furtherance  of  that  fruitlesse 
voyage,'  is  permitted  to  take  his  passage  home  in  any  ship  he  may 
choose.     (I  p.) 

*  Signed  by  the  captains  and  masters ;  also  by  Kerridge  and  his  colleagues. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  41 


Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  John  Goning  at  Lagundy 
{Ibid.,  p.  60)} 

1625,  Jamiary  11  -.  It  was  decided  to  punish  John  Johnson  'for 
deluding  us  in  the  busines  of  Tanjour,  by  defalcking  his  wages'. 
February  14.  Resolved  to  send  'Cat.  ReformatioJi  to  the  Coromandel 
Coast  as  soon  as  a  further  supply  of  sailors  should  arrive. 
March  15.  Letters  received  from  Masulipatam  (by  way  of 
Batavia),  '  importing  the  badnes  of  trade  then'  and  enclosing 
letters  from  Surat.  The  latter,  amongst  other  news,  mentioned 
that  the  Amie,  sent  home  from  Batavia,  had  been  unable  to  double 
the  Cape,  and  had  put  into  the  Comoros,  having  lost  ninety  men, 
and  only  forty-three  remaining.  Thence  she  had  sailed  for  Surat, 
but  had  not  arrived  there.  April  17.  Wrote  to  Masulipatam, 
expressing  doubts  whether  a  ship  could  be  sent  thither  ;  also  to 
Surat  and  England.     {\  p.) 

Consultation  held  in  Lagundy  by  President  Hawley 
AND  Council,  January  12, 1625  {Ibid.,  p.  153). 

John  Johnson  having  demanded  confirmation  of  his  wages,  it  is 
determined  not  only  to  refuse  to  pay  him  anything,  but  to  hold 
him  responsible  for  the  losses  sustained  by  the  Company  in 
a  voyage  undertaken  on  his  representations,  which  were  found 
to  be  inaccurate.  .  .  .  '  Wheras  att  the  Harts  beeing  att  Paticera 
[see  p.  i6;z.],  uppon  the  Coast  of  Cormandell,  the  Xaick  of  that 
place  proffered  the  English  to  erect  a  factory  there,  wher  they 
might  bee  furnislit  with  all  manner  of  cloth  of  all  sorts  and  paint- 
ings att  resonable  rates,  both  made  hereabouts  and  allso  brought 
from  the  cuntry  of  Tanjore,  which  is  not  farr  distant :  this  matter 
is  therfore  thought  fitt  to  bee  seriously  considered  of,  that  if 
possible  a  shipp  may  bee  dispeeded  thether  opportunelye.'  {Ex- 
tracts only.     ^  p.) 

*  In  continuation  of  the  extracts  given  on  p.  18. 

"  The  1 2th  appears  to  be  the  correct  date  (see  the  succeeding  entry). 


42  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Consultations  held  while  Captain  Weddell's  Fleet 
WAS  AT  Gombroon,  January  i  -  February   io,   1625  {O.C, 

1173)-' 

Jamiary  i.  The  state  of  the  Company's  affairs  in  Persia  con- 
sidered. It  is  resolved  '  to  renewe  the  Persian  trade  untill  further 
advice  from  our  masters  inorder  the  contrary,  not  only  in  regarde 
of  the  prevyledges  obteyned  but  allso  for  that  the  Dutch  have 
intruded  themselves  and  scandolizd  our  intendments  unto  the 
Sophie '.  As  regards  Ormus,  it  appears  that  the  Persians  have  had 
hitherto  no  intention  of  reinhabiting  it,  but  purpose  to  make 
Gombroon  the  port,  having  pulled  down  sundry  houses  on  the 
island,  though  a  garrison  of  about  300  men  has  been  placed  in  the 
castle,  which  '  the  Portingalls  with  about  20  sayle  of  friggatts  have 
beseiged,  burnt  most  part  of  the  boats  alongst  this  coast,  and 
hindred  all  supplie  to  there  releife  ;  whereby  the  Companies 
designe  for  trade  in  that  place  is  not  now  to  be  prosecuted '.  And 
whereas  the  Khan  has  granted  to  the  English  the  half  of  the 
customs  at  Gombroon  (in  lieu  of  Ormus),  but  the  Dutch  have 
refused  to  pay,  it  is  determined  that  a  written  demand  shall  be 
made  upon  them  for  the  amount  due.  With  regard  to  the  request 
of  the  Persians  for  help  in  capturing  Muskat,  it  is  resolved  not  to 
deny  assistance,  because  (i)  the  Company  has  approved  generally 
of  their  co-operating  in  such  matters,  and  they  are  bound  to  do 
so  by  the  agreement  for  taking  Ormus,  (2)  it  is  unlikely  that  there 
will  be  any  attempt  on  Muskat  this  year,  for  the  Khan  is  engaged 
in  besieging  Basra,  and  (3)  it  is  advisable  to  forestall  the  Dutch, 
who  have  solicited  the  Shah  to  place  Ormus  in  their  hands. 
Lastly,  it  is  decided  that,  as  there  is  no  special  need  of  Kerridge's 
presence  in  Persia,  while  he  is  urgently  wanted  at  Surat,  he  shall 
return  to  India  with  the  present  fleet. 

Jaimajy  4  {Captain  Weddell  also  present).  The  Sultan  of  this 
place  yesterday  brought  a  letter  from  the  Khan  of  Shiraz,  which 
is  now  read  and  recorded.  In  this  he  solicits  the  aid  of  the  English 
fleet  in  the  siege  of  Basra,  according  to  the  agreement,  in  return 

^  The  members  of  the  council  were  Thomas  Kerridge,  George  Muschamp,  and  John 
Bangham,  merchants  in  the  fleet,  with  Thomas  Barker  and  John  Benthall,  factors  in  Persia. 
Nathaniel  Halliday  acted  as  registrar. 


\ 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  43 

for  which  they  shall  be  furnished  with  money  '  to  your  content '. 
The  matter  is  debated,  and  it  is  decided  '  absolutely  to  refuse  itt ', 
as  Basra  is  part  of  the  Grand  Signor's  dominions.  Captain  Weddell 
declares  that  such  co-operation  is  not  required  or  implied  by  the 
said  agreement.  An  embargo  having  been  laid  on  the  Dutch 
here,  on  the  pretext  of  a  debt  due  at  Ispahan,  but  really  (as  they 
affirm)  because  they  have  declined  to  give  assistance  against  Basra, 
it  is  considered  advisable  to  defer  landing  any  commodities.  In 
the  meantime  the  frigate  captured  near  Muskat  is  to  be  unloaded, 

January  7.^  The  Sultan  of  Gombroon,  having  received  their 
refusal,  has  declared  that  their  aid  is  not  required  against  the 
Turks,  but  against  certain  Portuguese  frigates  kept  near  there,  and 
that  he  merely  desires  the  English  to  convoy  certain  vessels  he 
wishes  to  send.  He  further  desires  the  loan  of  twelve  Englishmen 
to  sail  in  those  vessels.     Both  demands  are  refused. 

January  10.  Mr.  Kerridge  draws  attention  to  the  quantity  of 
private  goods  daily  landed  from  the  ships.  Most  of  the  officers 
have  brought  great  quantities,  and  Captain  Weddell  has  publicly 
declared  that  he  considers  it  reasonable  that  they  should  '  lade 
there  goods  so  well  as  the  Moores,  and  that  if  the  Company 
receaved  fraight  'twas  all  they  would  require '.  After  discussion, 
it  is  resolved  not  to  interfere,  but  to  demand  freight  on  the  return 
of  the  ships  to  Surat.  It  is  also  decided  to  land  the  Company's 
goods  and  embark  the  silk. 

January  15  [Captain  Weddell  also  present).  The  Sultan  has 
demanded  that  the  fleet  should  stay  here  to  secure  the  Gulf  against 
the  Portuguese,  according  to  the  agreement.  In  reply  they  asserted 
that  the  Persians  had  failed  to  observe  the  treaty,  '  Mr.  Barker 
alleaging  the  Chan  of  Xeras  had  accompted  unto  the  King 
60,000  tomanes  for  his  moyetie  of  the  spoiles,  whereas  our  masters 
have  little  more  then  6,000  tomanes  for  their  moyety  of  the  sayd 
spoyles,  besides  900  tomanes  for  three  monthes  paie  for  their 
shipping,  whereas  indeed  they  expected  (as  reason)  to  have  bene 
satisfied  for  all  the  tyme  of  there  shipps  remayning  in  these  seas, 
being  about  eight  monthes.'  Further,  although  the  English  were 
to  share  in  all  conquests,  the  Persians  had  kept  both  Kishm  and 

*  On  board  the  Jonas.     Captain  Weddell  and  the  masters  of  the  other  three  ships  took 
part. 


44  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Ormus ;  while  the  1 65  pieces  of  brass  ordnance  taken  had  been 
very  unequally  divided.  He  replied  that  if  they  wanted  the  castle 
of  Ormus  they  must  apply  to  the  King  for  it ;  and  he  begged  them 
to  write  to  the  Khan  stating  their  present  intentions.  This  they 
have  promised  to  do  on  the  return  of  the  ships  from  Ormus, 
whither  they  are  going  to  procure  ballast.  Mr.  Barker  is  desired 
in  the  meantime  to  ascertain  what  allowance  the  Sultan  will  make 
per  month  for  the  stay  of  the  fleet  until  August. 

January  22.  The  Sultan  has  offered  to  defray  half  the  cost 
of  victuals,  pending  a  reply  from  the  Khan.  This  is  considered 
a  mere  device  to  protract  time^  but  as  Captain  Weddell  seems  very 
willing  to  spend  the  westerly  monsoon  here,  it  is  resolved  to  refer 
to  the  sea  captains  the  question  whether  the  fleet  (except  the  Star 
and  the  captured  frigate)  might  safely  remain  in  spite  of  the 
expected  arrival  of  a  Portuguese  fleet. 

Opinions  of  the  Commanders.  Andrew  Evans,  John  Phelps, 
Richard  Swanley,  and  Captain  Weddell  are  in  favour  of  the  ships 
remaining.  John  Johnson  and  Charles  Clevenger  consider  it 
dangerous,  unless  the  castle  of  Ormus  be  made  over  to  them  for 
their  defence.     John  Rowe  cannot  give  an  opinion. 

January  26  {Captain  Weddell  also  present).  The  Sultan  has 
again  urged  their  stay,  implying  that  their  share  of  the  customs 
was  only  given  in  return  for  their  protecting  the  Gulf.  In  reply 
they  complained  that  herein  also  they  had  been  wronged,  seeing 
that  they  had  only  received  the  moiety  of  customs  on  the  imports 
and  not  on  the  exports,  while  the  Dutch  (whose  customs  amounted 
to  more  than  all  men's  else)  had  refused  to  pay  anything,  *  the 
King  having  forgiven  them  all  customes,  and  the  Chan,  by  his 
mandatt  lately  graunted,^  exempted  them  from  paying  any 
customes  unto  the  English,  togeather  with  all  other  Christians 
who  should  come  from  Europe.'  They  added  that  in  any  case 
their  share  would  not  countervail  the  expense  and  hazard  of 
keeping  a  fleet  in  the  Gulf.  His  answer  was  that,  as  regards  the 
Dutch,  he  was  willing  to  detain  their  goods  to  force  their  payment 
of  customs  (this  the  English  declined)  ;  and  as  for  the  customs 
outwards,  they  were  very  small,  and  he  had  no  doubt  the  Khan 
would  satisfy  the  English  herein.     They  thereupon  offered  to  stop 

^  See  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  vii.  no.  230. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  45 

for  600  tumans  a  month,  which  he  declared  to  be  unreasonable. 
Being  asked  what  he  would  give,  he  proffered  first  100  and  then 
aoo  tumans  ;  whereupon  the  conference  ended. 

Fehrtiary  8.  The  Sultan,  finding  after  two  days'  fighting  the 
Portuguese  stronger  than  he  expected,  is  now  very  earnest  for  the 
stay  of  the  fleet.  Resolved  that,  if  he  prevails  upon  the  Dutch 
to  remain,  an  equal  number  of  the  English  ships  will  stay  on  the 
same  terms.  The  ambassador,^  who  three  days  since  came  to  this 
port  from  Ispahan  to  go  to  England,  is  to  be  advised  to  lade  his 
goods  on  the  James  and  Jonas,  and  himself  to  embark  in  the  Star. 
Factors  being  needed  in  Persia,  Robert  Loftus,  George  Smith,  and 
John  Berriman  are  appointed  to  remain,  at  salaries  of  ten  pounds 
per  annum.  A  present  to  the  value  of  20  tumans  to  be  given  to 
the  Sultan  in  return  for  gifts  received.  Three  horses  to  be  sent 
to  Surat  for  sale.  Thomas  Healy,  a  Dutch  soldier  entertained  in 
the  English  service  at  Surat,  who  was  left  in  the  castle  of  Kishm, 
is  ordered  to  return  to  Surat.  Resolved  to  send  to  the  Khan 
a  letter  of  compliments  only,  and  to  instruct  Mr.  Barker  '  to  delay 
him  with  pretences  untill  further  answere  from  England  '.  Should 
the  castle  of  Ormus  be  offered  to  the  English,  the  Agent  is  to 
accept  it,  lest  upon  refusal  it  should  be  delivered  to  the  Dutch. 

February  10.  The  Dutch  having  absolutely  refused  to  stay  any 
longer,  the  Sultan  has  offered  the  English  500  tumans  per  month 
to  remain.  This  was  referred  to  the  sea  commanders,  who  now 
reply  that,  as  they  are  short  of  ammunition,  and  three  ships  would 
be  no  match  for  the  eight  Portuguese,  they  are  of  opinion  that  they 
ought  to  sail  in  company  with  the  Dutch.  It  is  therefore  agreed 
to  refuse  to  remain,  and  to  prepare  for  an  early  departure.^  {In  all 
14  pp.) 

Consultation  held  on  board  the  James  in  Gombroon 
Road,  January  13,  1625  [Marine  Records,  vol.  xl).'^ 

Resolved,  after  taking  in  water,  &c.,  to  go  over  to  Ormus  for 
ballast.     Punishment  of  certain  offenders.     [Copy.     ^\pp) 

'  His  name  was  Naqd  All  Beg.     For  his  proceedings  in  England  see  the  Calendar  of 
State  Papers:  E.  Indies,  1625-29.     A  portrait  of  him  is  preserved  at  the  India  Office. 
'  This  is  followed  by  a  paper  of  instructions  to  Barker  and  other  factors  left  in  Persia. 
^  Signed  by  the  captains  and  masters  of  the  fleet. 


46  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

An  Account  of  the  Fights  in  the  Gulf  of  Persia 
{Public  Record  Office:  Domestic  Correspondence,  James  /, 
vol.  clxxxiii.  No.  58).^ 

1625,  January  31.      In  the  afternoon  eight   Portuguese   ships 
arrived,  and  anchored  under  the  island  of  Larak,  having  80  frigates 
in  company  to  tow  or  reinforce  them.     The  English  called  their 
men   on  board,  and   put  their  longboats   on  shore,  to  facilitate 
manoeuvring.     A  consultation  was  held  on  the  James,  at  which 
the  master  of  the  Dutch   admiral  and  a   Dutch   merchant  were 
present.     It  was  agreed  that  the  two  fleets  should  stand  by  each 
other  to   the   last,   but  that   each    commander   should   act   inde- 
pendently.     February  i.   'About  4  of  the  clock  in  the  morning 
we  had  divine  service  read,  with   prayers  to  Almightie  God  for 
victory  over  our  enimies ;  which  being  ended,  our  captaine,  as  alsoe 
Mr.  Kerridge,  called  all  our  men  upon  the  halfe  the  [jzV]  deck  and 
drank  to  them,  encouraging  all  of  them  to  performe  with  alacrity 
and  boldnes  that  committed  to  their  charg,  solemly  protesting,  for 
our  better  encouragment,  that,  if  it  pleased  God  we  overcame  our 
enimies  (of  which  he  made  noe  doubt),  the  pillage  taken  should  be 
equally  and  without  partiallity  devided  among  all  men,  share  and 
share  like,  without  the  least  giving  accompt  thereof  to  any  man 
breathing  under  the  cope  of  heaven.     Ipsum  nomen,  the  bare  name 
of  pillage  did  soe  animate  our  men  that  at  that  instant  they  seve- 
rally promised  to  doe  their  best  endeavours,  come  life,  come  death.' 
Thereupon  the  allied  fleets  got  under  way,  two  hours  before  day- 
break.    The  Spy,  Scout,  and  Simon  and  Jude  attempted  to  cut  off 
four  Portuguese  frigates,  but  the  latter  rowed  out  of  danger.     The 
Dutch  admiral,  being  first  under  sail,  got  a  league  ahead.     The 
James,  hampered  by  the  lightness  of  the  wind,  tried  in  vain  to 
come  up  with  her ;  and  meanwhile  Becker,  by  setting  every  sail, 
managed  to  draw  near  enough  to  the  Portuguese  admiral  to  engage. 
The  Jonas,  being  better  of  sail  than  the  rest,  was  the  first  English 
ship  to  get  into  action,  and  she  commenced  a  duel  with  the  enemy's 

1  The  name  of  the  writer  is  not  given,  but  he  was  on  board  the  yowaJ  during  the  present 
expedition,  and  be  returned  to  England  in  the  Star,  as  he  adds  an  account  of  an  incident 
at  St.  Helena  during  her  homeward  voyage.  He  was  evidently  a  man  of  superior 
education,  and  various  indications  suggest  that  he  may  have  been  a  chaplain. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  47 

vice-admiral.  The  Star  and  the  Dort  next  came  up,  the  former 
engaging  the  Portuguese  rear-admiral,  repaying  her  shot  '  with 
East  India  profit,  three  for  one ',  while  the  Dort  singled  out  another 
ship.  By  this  time  the  James,  with  her  two  boats  towing  ahead, 
got  within  range,  '  thundring  forth  such  a  peak  of  ordnance  which 
would  seeme  to  have  rent  the  skies  in  sunder.  Then  the  fight 
began  to  wax  very  hot,  fearce,  and  cruel!.'  After  a  time  the  Dutch 
admiral  fell  off,  her  commander  being  slain.  The  James  pressed 
forward  and  took  her  place ;  and  soon  the  Portuguese  admiral  in 
turn  bore  away.  Then  the  wind  dropped  to  a  dead  calm.  About 
one  o'clock  the  Dort  was  seen  to  be  in  great  distress,  being  sur- 
rounded by  three  of  the  enemy,  while  none  of  the  other  Dutch 
vessels  could  get  near  her  for  want  of  wind  ;  thereupon  the  captain 
of  the  Jonas  ordered  out  his  boats  and  caused  them  to  tow  his  ship 
to  her  rescue,  with  the  result  that  the  Portuguese  drew  off.  About 
three  the  Jonas  attacked  the  enemy's  rear-admiral  (the  biggest  of 
the  fleet)  but  got  a  warm  reception,  several  shots  piercing  her 
between  wind  and  water ;  however,  '  their  payment  did  far 
exceed  their  expectations,'  and  in  a  short  time  her  guns  were 
silenced.  Between  four  and  five  the  Dutch  bore  up  to  repair 
damages,  whereupon  the  English  did  the  same.  Thus  the  fight 
ended  for  the  day.  '  The  Eagle  (English)  and  Wcsop  (Dutch)  did 
little  or  noe  service  ;  the  Star  did  not  soe  well  as  was  expected.^ 
In  the  James,  our  admirall,  Captaine  Weddall,  behaved  himselfe 
valiantly  and  like  a  brave  commander.'  February  2.  In  the  morn- 
ing the  wind  was  S.  and  S.  by  W.,  and  consequently  the  allies 
could  not  get  near  the  enemy.  The  latter,  however,  made  no 
attempt  to  renew;  the  engagement,^  but  busied  themselves  in  repair- 
ing their  damages.  '  To  our  comfort  and  their  sorrow,  we  saw 
their  reare-admirall  ^  rowle  by  the  board  her  mainetopmast,  with 
part  of  her  mainemast,  and  alsoe  her  foretopmast.'  As  the  Dutch 
were  short  of  ammunition,  the  English  supplied  them  with  30  barrels 
of  English  and  12  of  Persian  powder,  and  a  corresponding  quantity 
of  shot.  February  3.  The  pinnaces  were  sent  into  port  and  their 
men  divided  among  the  ships.     The  latter  weighed  at  four  o'clock 

^  This  is  corroborated  by  the  Dutch  account. 

^  One  Portuguese  account  says  that  the  wind  was  too  high. 

^  The  S.  Sebasiido. 


48  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

in  the  morning  and  at  six  began  another  fight,  '  which  proved  far 
more  feirce  and  terrible  then  the  first,  because  we  had  a  fine  gale 
of  wind,  whereby  we  could  easily  work  our  ships,  and  a  smooth 
sea,  by  which  meanes  we  could  exceeding  well  both  levell  and  ply 
all  our  ordnance.'  The  Ja^nes  was  the  first  to  engage,  closely  fol- 
lowed by  the  Jonas  and  the  Dutch.  The  Portuguese  admiral  had 
her  standard  shot  aw^ay,  her  sails  and  rigging  torn,  and  her  hull 
much  mangled  ;  their  vice-admiral  lost  her  foremast ;  and  the  rest 
were  terribly  damaged.  The  John  (a  prize)  had  been  fitted  as 
a  fireship  for  an  attempt  upon  the  enemy's  admiral,  and  the  Eagle 
had  been  ordered  to  guard  her  ;  this,  however,  the  latter  failed  to 
do,  and  the  crew  of  the  prize,  finding  themselves  in  danger  from 
the  Portuguese  frigates,  were  obliged  to  forsake  her,  after  setting 
her  on  fire.  About  four  the  Jonas  and  the  Dutch  admiral  fell  upon 
a  galleon  that  had  got  separated  from  the  rest,  and  she  was  '  pitti- 
fully  torne  and  rent '  before  she  could  manage  to  escape  from  them. 
Towards  night,  the  men  being  very  weary,  the  fight  was  given  over, 
and  the  allies  anchored  between  Kishm  and  Ormus,  while  the 
enemy  remained  at  the  SE.  point  of  the  latter  island.  During  the 
day  the  Eagle  and  Wesp  had  again  done  nothing,  and  the  Star  but 
little.  Febrnary  4.  The  Dutch  and  English  sailed  towards  the 
Portuguese,  with  the  intention  of  renewing  the  fight ;  but  when 
day  dawned  they  discovered  that  the  enemy  were  making  off  with 
all  speed  to  Larak.  They  followed,  but  could  not  overtake  them 
before  they  got  into  the  shelter  of  '  a  barred  place '  among  rocks. 
The  Persian  captain  of  Kishm  castle  sent  to  warn  the  allies  that 
the  coast  was  dangerous,  and  thereupon  they  stood  off.  This 
captain  presented  them  with  '  seven  or  eight  great  chargers  of 
pilloe  ...  as  a  token  of  his  love'.  '  Pilloe  [Pers.  pnldo\  as  the 
Persians  term  it,  is  rice  and  kitcheree^  sodden  together,  swimming 
in  butter  and  intermingled  with  divers  sorts  of  beaten  spices,  with 
currons  and  raysons  of  the  sun.'  A  consultation  was  now  held, 
at  which  it  was  decided  to  stand  over  to  Gombroon  ;  and  they 
anchored  there  accordingly  about  four  the  next  morning. 
February  13  (Sunday).  The  English  and  Dutch,  with  three 
'  Guzarat  jonks '  under  the  convoy  of  the  latter,  departed  for  Surat. 

'  Apparently  dd^  or  some  other  kind  of  pulse  is  here  meant,  though  in  India  the  term 
khichni%  commonly  applied  to  the  whole  mixture,  including  the  rice,  butter,  and  spices. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  49 

The  Portuguese  also  quitted  their  place  of  refuge  and  sailed  away 
in  front  of  the  allies.  It  was  supposed  that  they  took  the  junks 
for  fireships,  or  else  thought  that  the  intention  was  to  sink  one  of 
them  in  the  mouth  of  their  harbour  and  thus  starve  them  out,  as 
the  island  afforded  no  supplies.  They  kept  ahead,  and  the  Dutch 
and  English  resolved  not  to  meddle  with  them  until  the  next  da}^ 
February  14.  The  English  were  forced  to  wait  for  the  Dutch,  who 
were  delayed  by  the  slow  sailing  of  the  junks.  In  consequence 
the  fight  did  not  begin  till  two  in  the  afternoon.  All  the  English 
ships  behaved  well,  except  the  Eagle.  The  James  engaged  the 
Portuguese  admiral,  the  Zuid  Holland  the  vice-admiral,  and  the 
Jonas  the  rear-admiral.  After  some  time  the  James  had  her 
rigging  so  cut  that  she  could  not  be  worked,  and  dropped  behind. 
The  Jonas  fired  a  broadside  into  her  antagonist,  then  shortened 
sail  and  reloaded,  and  then  came  up  and  fired  again.  When  the 
guns  on  one  side  grew  too  hot  to  be  used,  she  came  up  on  the 
other  side.  *  This  fight  for  the  time  was  the  hottest  of  the  three ; 
and  hotter  it  would  have  proved,  had  not  the  approaching  darknes 
of  the  unwelcome  night  cryed  a  requiem  to  our  bloudy  resolutions.' 
The  scene  of  the  battle  was  between  *  Cape  Masadon  [Musandam] 
and  Cape  Combarrick  ^ '.  Mr.  Phelps  in  the  Spy  bravely  tackled 
one  of  the  enemy's  great  ships,  and  escaped  without  damage. 
A  consultation  was  now  held  and,  as  it  was  found  that  all  the  ships 
were  short  of  ammunition,  they  resolved  not  to  pursue  the  Portu- 
guese, but  to  proceed  on  their  voyage. 

The  enemy's  vessels  were  '  extraordinary  great  ships  and  of 
great  force,  going  and  working  far  better  in  every  respect  then 
anie  of  our  fleet,'.  The  smallest  was  estimated  to  be  of  800  or 
900  tons,  while  the  four  biggest  were  reckoned  to  be  of  1400,  1500, 
1600,  and  1700.  The  rear-admiral  was  the  largest  of  all,  and  had 
been  '  built  upon  a  carack  at  Cochin  .  .  .  only  for  to  make  a  battery 
and  to  be  a  barracodo  to  the  rest  of  her  fleet.  She  was  saker,  if 
not  whole-culverin,  profe  in  her  lower  works.  This  ship  did  more 
spoile  unto  our  fleet  then  any  three  of  their  ships  taken  together.' 

^  This  seems  to  be  identical  with  the  '  Cape  Mombarrique '  mentioned  later.  It  is  the 
headland  now  called  Ras  al-Kuh,  about  30  miles  west  of  Jask.  The  name  is  taken  from 
the  Kuh  i-Mubarak  (known  to  English  sailors  as  '  Bombay  Rock  ' — evidently  a  corruption 
of  '  Mombarrique '),  which  is  a  conspicuous  landmark  and  is  situated  some  three  miles 
north  of  the  cape. 

FOSTER   III  E 


50  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Some  prisoners  stated  that  the  crews  numbered  from  500  to 
800  men  in  each  ship,  including  200  English,  Scotch,  Irish,  and 
Dutch  '  runnagados' ;  also  that  the  Portuguese  general,  '  Don  Alva 
de  Bottela,  nere  kinsman  to  the  Viceroy  of  Goa,  a  stout  and  expert 
soldier'  (who  was  reported  to  have  been  killed  in  the  second  fight ^\ 
had  insisted  on  having  none  but  Europeans.  The  Portuguese  were 
said  to  have  lost  a  thousand  men,  besides  those  wounded ;  and 
certainly  they  must  have  suffered  severely,  owing  to  the  crowded 
state  of  their  vessels.  According  to  rumour,  Ruy  Freire  was  m 
command  of  the  vice-admiral,'^  seeking  to  redeem  his  former  dis- 
grace ;  and  Weddell  and  others  thought  that  they  recognized  him. 
During  the  three  fights  the  James  lost  13  men,  the  Jonas  11,  the 
Star  4,  and  the  Eagle  i  ;  total,  29.  The  Dutch  had  45  l<illed, 
including  their  commander.-  The  allies  fired  11, coo  great  shot, 
and  broke  7  or  8  guns.  The  English  .ships  mounted  141  pieces  of 
ordnance,  viz.  the  James  48,  the  Jonas  44,  the  Star  27,  and  the 
Eagle  22  ;  while  of  the  Dutch  the  Ztiid  Holland  and  Bantam 
carried  46  guns  apiece,  and  the  Dart  and  Wcsp  24  each,  or  140  in 
all.*     (7i  PP-) 

Richard  Monk'.s  Account  of  tiiI'  Figiit.s  {Marine  Records, 
vol.  xl). 

1624,  November  17.  Captain  Weddell's  fleet  sailed  for  Persia  in 
company  with  four  Dutch  ships.  November  19.  They  met  the 
Eagle,  bringing  two  prizes  and  news  of  eight  Portuguese  galleons 
having  left  Goa  for  Persia.  The  English  thereupon  decided  to 
return   to  Surat,   fearing  for  the   safety  of  the   Blessing  and  the 

>  The  rumour  refenecl  probably  to  Francisco  IJorges,  liotelho's  chief  officer,  who  was 
killed  in  the  second  f.ght.  In  the  third  Botelho  himself  was  wounded,  and  his  nephew, 
Jeronimo,  was  killed. 

•'  This  was  not  the  case,  lie  was  prominent  in  the  fi^'hting,  but  his  vessel  was  only  a 
galliot  or  a  frigate.  .   . 

2  The  Dutch  account  states  that  74  were  killed  in  the  two  fleets  and  about  20  injured  ; 
adding  that  they  heard  at  .Sural  that  the  Portuguese  had  taken  400  men  into  hospital  at 
Muskat,  and  had  lost  quite  350  in  the  three  actions. 

*  John  Taylor  (see  the  Introduction)  prints,  from  information  supplied  by  a  Frenchman 
named  Hillion  who  was  in  the  Portuguese  fleet,  a  list  of  Botelho's  vessels  and  their 
armaments.  In  this  the  number  of  guns  is  shown  as  varying  from  22  in  the  four  smaller 
ships  to  48  in  the  admiral,  or  232  in  all,  and  the  number  of  the  crews  as  ranging  from 
200  to  350,  totalling  2,100.  According  to  his  account  the  number  of  Portuguese  slam 
was  481  ;  but  apparently  this  was  an  exaggeration. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  ^i 

William.     November  21.    Met  those  two  ships.     The  whole  fleet 
anchored  off  the  Bar  of  Surat.     November  27.    Having  sent  one 
of  the  prizes  into  Surat  river,  and  fitted  the  other  to  accompany 
the  fleet  to  Persia,  they  all  sailed.     December  i.    The  Blessin<r  and 
the  William  quitted  the  fleet.     December  28.    Reached  Gombroon 
where  they  found  the  Dutch  ships,  who  had  arrived  fourteen  days 
before.     1625,  January  3].  Saw  in  the  offing  eight  great  ships  and 
fourteen  frigates.     February  1.    The  English  and  Dutch  made  sail 
and  fell  upon  the  Portuguese.     '  Without  any  wordes  or  parly  of 
ether  wee  tanguled  and   mixed  our  fleetes  one  with  another 
ashooting  pellmell  one  aganst  the  other.     Our  ordinance  went  of 
hcke  musketes ;  the  dromes  beate,  and  our  trumpeters  sounding, 
and    the  flying  shoot   tearing  each    other[s]    sayles  and    rigging 
mackmg  such  a  wherling  noyse  in  the  ayere,  and  our  men'^coui- 
ragiusly  chering  oursellves  with  a  hubbub,  shouting,  whisling,  and 
stirmg  in  there  severall  places,  had  not  the  lest  thought  of  feare, 
but  laded  and  discharged  there  ordinances  at  the  ennymie.    The 
fight  continued  hott  and  fearse  one  bouth  sides.     Somtimes  wee 
should  perceve  them   indever   to  beare  away,  and  somtimes  wee 
should   dissarne  a  mast  fall  by  the  bord.     These  thinges  did  in- 
currage  us  and  macke  us  hollow  and  singe  out  for  joye,  that  wee 
ware  as  merrie  in  the  fight  as  if  it  had  binne  in  ^sic  ?  no]  matter  of 
consequent ;  insomuch  that  sartane  Portingalls  wich  wee  had  for- 
merly tacken,  being  then  in  cheanes,  tould  us  wee  fought  as  thought 
It  had  bme  a  Maye  game,  not  dreding  nor  regarding  our  lives  in  so 
good  a  cause.'     The  engagement  lasted  from  eight  in  the  morning 
until  five  m  the  evening,  with  a  loss  of  six  men  to  the  English  and 
as  many  to  the  Dutch,  including  their  commander.     The  opposing 
fleets  then  separated   and  anchored  some  five  miles  apart      The 
Portuguese  rear-admiral  (the  largest  of  their  ships)  had  her  main- 
mast and  foretopmast  shot  away.     February  2.    A  cahn  prevented 
the  allies  from  renewing  the  engagement ;  so  the  time  was  spent  in 
fitting   up  a  prize  [the  yohn-\  as  a  fireship,   and  Mr.   Darby    her 
master,  with  eight   or    ten   volunteers,  '  undertooke  to  clape  her 
abord  the  admirall  of  the   PortingalI[s]   hause  and  there  to  give 
fier  to  her.'    Weddell  promised  them  100/.  if  they  effected  this,  and 
lent  them  his  barge  in  which  to  escape.     February  3.    About  seven 
in  the  morning  the  English  and  Dutch  weighed  and  attacked  the 

]■:  2 


52  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

enemy,  '  our  ship  faierly  uppone  the  admerall ;  the  Jonas  and  the 
rest  uppon  others.  Thus  wee  fell  to  it  againe,  discharging  our 
broadsides  as  fast  as  wee  coulde  laied  them  and  worck  them  and 
trime  our  sayles,  having  a  good  gale  of  wend,  wich  wee  wanted  the 
first  fight.  Somtimes  wee  should  have  three  or  four  or  five  at 
a  time  uppone  us,  which  wee  could  pase  throught  with  litell  hurt, 
giveing  broadeside  after  broadside,  and  ware  not  answared  above 
one  in  tenn.  Our  ship  being  allmost  borde  and  borde,  wee  could 
not  perceve  a  man  stirring.  In  this  brunte  or  skermish  wee  raked 
often  throught,  tearing  there  riging  and  sayles,  battering  them 
extremely,  the  enimie  scarce  shotting  a  shoot  as  long  as  wee  ware 
nere  him,  butt  falling  of  and  coming  on,  and  then  haveing  better 
ordinance  then  wee  made  there  advantage  and  did  us  all  the  harme 
wee  received  at  lenght ;  soe  that  wee  doe  conceave  that  when  thay 
were  nere  us  thay  stowed  themsellves.  ...  In  the  intrem  our  prize, 
who  was  fitted  for  the  stratagem  aforespecified,  being  a  bad  goer, 
was  a  pritty  distance  from  the  fleet.  Our  enimie,  perceving  her 
thus  feare  severed,  sent  his  friggets,  being  fourteen,  all  well 
apoynted,  to  sett  uppone  her,  intending  to  cutt  her  of  the  fleet, 
who  weare  ferse  in  fight  with  the  galloins.  Mr,  Darby,  the  master 
of  her,  perceving  of  the  friggats  to  mack  towardes  them,  and  know- 
ing unposibell  to  resiste  them  or  accomplis  his  acsigne  [i.e.  assigned 
task],  caused  his  men  presently  to  put  themsellves  with  himeselfe 
into  the  barge,  and  soe  gave  fier  to  the  trayne,  and  soe  outrun  the 
friggats  and  cam  abord  our  shipe  with  safetie,  leaving  the  prize  all 
one  ablazing  fier  and  so  that  the  friggates  durst  not  com  nere  the 
vessell.  The  fight  continued  as  bludy  as  it  was  at  the  first,  our 
shippe  being  imployed  uppone  one  shippe  or  other  all  the  whille. 
.  .  .  Itt  cannot  bee  but  wee  killed  them  many  men  ;  the  durance  of 
fight  was  such  a  thing  as  it  is  thought  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  that 
ever  was  fought,  the  sea  being  all  as  callme  and  smooth  as  the 
Themes,  and  wee  continually  bord  and  bord.  But  about  six 
a  clock  in  the  evening  the  enimye  withdrevve  themsellves  from 
us,  and  wee  wanting  cartrages  (having  not  above  a  hundred  left), 
wee  ware  willing  to  give  over  for  that  night.'  Febrtiary  4.  The 
Portuguese  ships  were  towed  by  their  frigates  to  Larak.  The 
English  and  Dutch  followed,  but  dared  not  go  too  near,  as  they 
had  no  pilots  and  feared  the  rocks  and  shoals  ;  so  they  returned 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  5s 

to  Gombroon.  February  5.  The  Persian  ambassador  for  England 
had  by  this  time  arrived.  A  few  days  later  he  embarked  on  the 
Star.  February  13.  The  Dutch  and  English  fleet,  with  three 
junks  in  company,  sailed  for  Surat.  The  Portuguese  weighed  and 
made  off  ahead.  The  allies  kept  them  close  in  chase,  but  it  was 
night  before  they  could  fetch  them  up.  February  14.  Some  delay 
was  caused  by  the  Dutch  ships  being  far  astern,  but  on  their 
coming  up  the  chase  was  resumed.  About  one  o'clock  the  James  ran 
alongside  the  Portuguese  admiral,  and  a  warm  engagement  ensued. 
'  So  the  fight  continued  very  what  \sic  ?  hot]  one  bouth  sides  untell 
darcke  night,  and  then  wee  lefte  them  all  tatterde  and  toweren, 
macking  an  acount  the  next  morning  to  have  the  tother  od  bought 
with  them  ;  but  in  the  night  thay  altred  there  course  for  Muscate.' 
It  was  therefore  decided,  as  the  season  was  growing  late  and  their 
ammunition  was  far  spent,  to  stand  away  for  Surat.  Two  of  the 
English  and  one  of  the  Dutch  ships  showed  little  readiness  to  close 
with  the  enemy,  and  were  of  no  assistance.  The  James  had  thir- 
teen men  killed  and  hurt,  the  Jonas  twelve,  the  Star  three,  and  the 
Eagle  one.  The  James  fired  550  shots  the  first  day,  i,ii:j  the 
second,  and  360  the  third;  total,  2,022.  February  29  \sic: 
see  p.  54.]  The  Jonas  went  on  ahead  to  Surat.  March  4.  Saw 
the  coast  of  India.  March  5.  Anchored  outside  Swally  Road, 
intending  to  enter  the  port  next  day.     (4  //.) 

William  Minors's  Account  of  the  Fight  and  of  the 
Return  Voyage  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xli). 

1625,  February  i.  The  engagement  commenced  about  seven  in 
the  morning,  and  lasted  till  five  in  the  evening.  In  the  afternoon 
the  Dutch  commander  was  slain,  '  beinge  so  much  lamented  by 
Dutch  and  Englesh,  in  respecte  that  hee  had  shewed  himselfe  soe 
valient  and  maintained  that  dayes  fighte  with  as  much  resolucion 
as  mighte  bee.'  On  board  the  Eagle  the  carpenter's  chief  mate 
had  his  thigh  shot  off.  February  2.  The  wind  was  with  the 
Portuguese,  but  they  made  no  attempt  to  renew  the  fight. 
February  3.  Weddell  in  the  James  attacked  the  Portuguese 
admiral,  '  beinge  bravely  seconded  by  the  Jonas  and  the  Dutch.' 
The  Eagle  was  told  off  to  convoy  the  prize,  which  had  been  fitted 


54  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

as  a  fireship  ;  but,  owing  to  '  contempte  or  cowardize,  which  are 
the  two  basest  ornaments  in  warr ',  she  failed  to  do  so,  and  the 
prize  had  to  be  fired  and  abandoned.    Feb7-tiary  4.  The  Portuguese 
took  refuge  at  Larak, '  our  admiral  and  the  Dutch  admirall  giveinge 
them  each  a  peece  of  ordnance  in  scome.'     February  13.  The  fleet 
sailed  from  Gombroon,  whereupon  the  Portuguese  also  got  under 
weigh  and  kept  ahead.     Febrtiary  14.  The  English  were  forced  to 
wait  for  the  Hollanders.    The  Portuguese  '  payde  away,  vearinge  to 
delay  time  for  our  cominge  upp  with  them.     It  was  four  of  the 
clocke   in  the  afternoone   before  wee   got   up   with   them.      Our 
admirall,  with  the  Jonas  and  three  Hollenders,  gave  them  a  brave 
farewell,  which  continued  untill  seven  at  nighte,  at  which  time  the 
Portingales  stoode  in  for  Suar  [Suhar]  and  wee  one  our  course  for 
India.     In  all  this  fighte  there  was  slayne  outrighte  29  (besides 
others   that  were  dismembred)  of  the  English,  and  more  of  the 
Dutch  by  three  or  four.'     Febr?iary  19.  A  small  vessel  was  cap- 
tured, bound  from  '  Sindy '  [Larlbandar]  to  Muskat ;  but  she  was 
released  because  she  had  '  bannians '  in  her.     February  23.  Sighted 
'  Calliott '  [Kalhat],  on  the  coast  of  Arabia.     February  27.  The 
Jonas   went   on   ahead.      March    i.    '  This   day,   beinge    Shrove 
Tuesday,  wee  had  noe  pancakes,  by  reason  it  was  taken  for  the 
29th  February  and  consequently  made  two  leape  yeeres  togeather, 
vizt.  anno  1624  and  anno  1625.     This  computacion  was  a  pestilent 
feaver  which  overspread  the  moste  of  the  fleete.'      March  4.  Saw 
land  near  Diu.     MarcJi.  7.  Anchored  in  Swally  Road.     'At  noone 
the  merchauntes  came  downe.'     March  18.  The  Eagle  left  Swally. 
being  under  orders  to  convoy  a  Surat  junk  on  part  of  her  way  to 
the  Red  Sea.     March  19.  They  sailed  together.     March  21.  '  Our 
master  made  two  shott  at  two  friggets,  which  were  at  leaste  half 
a  leage  distante  from  us,  but  the  shott  did  not  reach  above  two- 
thirds   of  the   waye,    at   which    length   hee    loves   for   to   fighte.' 
March    22.    Quitted  the  junk  and   returned.     March  24.    Minors 
ordered   by  consultation  to   move  from   the  Eagle  to   the  Scout, 
bound   for    Socotra   and    the    Comoros   in    search    of    the   Anne. 
March  25.  He  went  on  board  the  Scout  accordingly.     (4^  pp.) 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  55 

Thomas  Barker  at  Gombroon  to  John  Bangham, 
February  12,  1625  (O.  C.  1178). 

Has  put  on  board  the  James  a  bale  of  carpets  on  his  private 
account.  Begs  that  he  will  sell  them  at  Surat  for  him  ;  they  cost 
about  forty  tumans  at  Ispahan,  and  should  fetch  at  least  sixty. 
The  money  should  be  invested  in  sugar,  sugar  candy,  steel,  piece- 
goods  or  indigo,  to  be  sent  by  the  next  fleet.  In  case  of  Bangham's 
death,  Kerridge  is  entreated  to  see  to  the  matter,     (i  /.) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
FROM  Persia  to  Surat  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix). 

1625,  February  13.  The  English  and  Dutch  fleets,  with  three 
Surat  junks,  set  sail  from  Gombroon.  March  4.  Saw  the  coast 
of  India.  MarcJi  5.  Anchored  a  little  short  of  '  Swally  Hole ', 
intending  to  enter  next  morning.     (2  pp.) 

Thomas  Rastell,  Giles  James,  and  Richard  Lancaster, 
aboard  the  William  at  Swally,  to  the  Company, 
February  14,  1625  {O.C.  1180).^ 

Refer  to  their  \jnissing\  letter  by  the  Dolphiji,  which  sailed  on 
January  10,  1624,  and  to  the  Court's  dispatch  of  March  15,  1624, 
received  by  the  Jonas,  which  arrived  on  October  7,  followed  by 
the  rest  of  the  fleet  on  the  18th.  At  the  time  of  the  Dolphins 
departure,  the  Reformation  was  alone  in  port,  '  with  the  greatest 
part  of  the  Guzeratts  treasure  aboard  hir,  deteyned  by  the  owners 
thereof  (who  were  many  in  number)  through  their  slack  repaire 
to  be  present  at  the  particular  tale  and  weying  of  their  monies ; 
which,  after  much  difficultie  and  secrett  repining  of  the  intressed, 
was  finally  performed,  and  the  shipp  dispeeded  the  27th  January 
following.'  She  carried  80,000  rials  of  eight  in  money,  besides  nine 
chests  of  coral  taken  out  of  the  Gujarat  junks,  and  certain  Mokha 
remains  to  the  value  of  35,545  mahmudis,  5^  [pice] :  total  value, 
435,628  mahmudis,  29^  [pice].  She  was  destined  first  for  Achin  and 
then  for  Batavia.  Meanwhile  arrangements  had  been  made  for  pro- 
curing lading  for  the  Blessing  and  William  on  their  return,  with  a  view 
to  their  dispatch  to  England  in  March  ;  '  the  goods  being  provided 

^  An  abstract  of  this  letter  forms  part  of  (9.  C.  i  i8i. 


56  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

and  even  ready  for  transportacion  [had]  not  the  whole  estate  and 
frame  of  our  bussines  then  altered,  [by  a]  perfidious  combinacion, 
even  of  those  who  had  but  lately  taken  their  accursed  oathes  to 
the  contrary,  having  with  their  generall  certificates,  peticions,  and 
exclamacions  at  court  prevayled  [with]  the  King  for  four  severall 
firmanes  (in  confirmacion  one  of  [an]other)  to  the  aprehending  of 
our  persons,  restitucion  of  our  recoveries,  and  lastlie  our  expultion 
out  of  his  countrie ;  in  prosecution  whereof  there  wanted  not  that 
mallice,  terrour,  reproch  or  disgrace  that  the  spight  and  ranckour 
of  an  offended  multitude  could  ether  invent  or  inflict,  not  respecting 
the  person  of  anyone  more  then  another,  but  alike  extended  to  all  ; 
all  of  us  imprizoned  and  in  irons,  to  be  the  shamefull  subjectes  ot 
daylie  threates,  revilings,  scornes,  and  disdainfull  derizions  of  whole 
rabbles  of  people,  whose  revengefull  eyes  never  glutted  themselves 
to  behould  the  spectacle  of  our  mizeries  ;  our  warehouses,  chambers, 
and  private  mens  chests  &c.  in  the  meane  time  ransackt,  and  all 
that  was  gould  or  silver  posest,  made  sale,  and  disposed  of  at  their 
pleasures  towards  sattisfaction  of  the  marchantes  pretences,  whom 
nothing  contenting  but  mony,  were  soe  farr  the  agravaters  of  our 
suffrings  as  that  torture  itselfe  was  the  next  wee  howerly  expected, 
to  exact  the  confession  of  treasure.  To  pack  and  stiffle  us  togeather 
into  close  and  aireles,  unholsom  corners,  and  to  abridge  us  ot 
naturall  sustenance,  were  their  common  practizes  and  refuge  when- 
soever uppon  the  least  occasion  of  standing  out  with  them  they 
had  intent  to  constraine  our  yeelding,  which  by  this  course  of 
famishment  was  against  the  power  of  nature  in  us  to  contend  in ; 
nor  would  our  apeales  to  the  King  be  listned  to,  or  was  there  any 
releefe  to  be  thence  expected  when  Abulia  Hussen  ^  (not  only  their 
favourer  and  our  auntient  invetterate  enimie  for  the  actions  of 
Sir  Henry  Middleton,  but  likewise  powerful!  in  court  and  sole 
director  of  the  kingdom)  was  their  maine  supporter  and  the 
apointer  of  these  our  troubles.  Remayning  thus  in  this  hopeles 
plight,  especially  Mr.  Young  not  at  court  arived,  the  Hackeem- 
(our  frend)  of  purpose  disgraced  to  prevent  his  accesse  to  the 
King,  your  bussines  at  a  dangerous  stand  through  the  kingdom, 
and  the  aparent  losse  of  a  monsoone  in  hazourd  if  som  speedie 
recourse  of  remydie  were  not  resolved  on  to  rejoynt  againe  our 

^  Khwaja  Abul  Hasan  :  see  p.  3,2.  note  3.  -  See  the  previous  volume,  p.  273. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  SI 

proceedings  ;  and  further  seing  them  obstinately  bent  to  be 
sattisfied,  and  wee  unfurnished  of  monies  to  accomplish  it,  wee 
yeelded  their  restitucion  in  goods,  comprehending  our  greate  parcell 
of  currall,  which  they  would  have  w^illinglie  avoided  had  wee  had 
but  specie  in  lew  or  goods  of  more  quicker  dispatch  to  have 
wrought  uppon,  but  perceaving  the  contrarie  and  our  resolucions 
firme  not  to  land  a  pice  of  monie  out  of  the  Blessing  and  William 
(who  by  this  time  were  arived  out  of  Persia),  they  contented  them- 
selves with  commodities,  as  pepper  and  rohanas  [see  p.  20]  at  about 
15  per  cento  les  then  its  vallew,  other  goods  (of  noe  greate  amount) 
to  more  disadvantage,  but  the  maine  was  currall,  which  they 
lessned  to  30  per  cento  les  then  the  rate  which  our  inforced  agree- 
mentes  had  imposed.  Whilst  this  was  but  yett  in  treatie,  the 
captains  and  merchantes  aboard,  having  had  notice  of  our 
restraintes,  and  finding  three  of  their  smale  junckes  at  barr  then 
readie  for  departure  towards  Arabia,  intended  their  arrest :  but, 
aplying  themselves  thereunto,  our  fake  harted  frinds  the  Dutch 
interposed,  who,  not  having  sufficient  strength  of  shipping  to 
confront  us,  found  a  trick  to  supplye  that  want,  by  advancing  in 
each  severall  juncke  their  Princes  collours  attended  with  only 
three  of  their  people  in  each  in  the  way  of  protection,  notwith- 
standing a  protest  made  against  them,  which  they  answered  with 
a  peremtory  persistance,  maintayning  the  act  to  be  lawfuU,  as  the 
coppie  heerewithall  will  informe  you.  This  insolence  of  theirs  wee 
might  have  curbed  at  that  time,  but  the  povertie  of  those  junckes 
contradicted  it.  They  were  but  poorely  fraughted  in  compare  to 
your  then  estate  in  the  country  ;  which,  with  the  consideracion  of 
their  greater  wealth  abroad,  the  expected  richer  retourne  of  those 
others  going  out,  and  our  hopes  that  by  their  voluntarie  dismission 
wee  might  begett  in  them  an  opinion  of  our  faire  intencions,  thereby 
to  reconsile  the  sooner  and  not  to  loose  our  monsoone  for  England, 
wee  thought  it  providence  to  awaite  fitter  opertunitie.  and  by  our 
instant  releasing  them  to  imprinte  a  conceiption  in  the  Dutch  that 
(notwithstanding  that  the  reasons  alleadged  were  the  only  motives 
thereunto)  that  their  meere  protection  was  the  cause,  and  that  if 
aproved  unjust  and  contrary  to  the  meaning  of  your  articles,  you 
might  have  pretence  of  domages  against  them  ;  which  wee  referr 
to  Your  Worships  prosecution.     The  junckes  thus  departing,  and 


58  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

the  Hollanders  glorying  in  their  villanie,  wee  indeavoured  (what 
was  possible)  a  finall  conclusion,  that  the  Blessing  and  Williani 
might  be  lading ;  when  in  the  verie  instant  came  against  us 
certaine  Turkes  (passengers  and  intressours  in  that  juncke  of 
Chaule  by  Captain  Hall  surprized)  with  their  demands  of  eighty- 
five  thousand  ryalls  of  eight ;  which  they  hottlie  pursued  by 
vertue  of  a  passe  to  that  vessell  given  by  your  factors  at  Mocha, 
when  for  themselves  and  your  estate  it  had  not  beene  safe  but 
dangerous  as  then  to  have  denied  it ;  that  with  a  promised  bribe 
to  Sife  Caun  of  one  halfe  for  recoverie  of  the  whole,  and  the  assist- 
ance of  som  principall  marchantes  of  the  towne,  had  most  doubtles 
prevayled,  had  not  a  bribe  of  our  owne  prevented  it.  It  was 
a  costlie  one  (wee  must  confesse),  but  seing  the  cause  on  both 
sides  meerely  sett  to  sale,  the  [  ]  whereunto  wee  were  con- 

strayned  and  the  power  of  the  p[erson  ?]  corrupted,  as  being  not 
aloane  viz-regent  of  this  pro[vince  and]  our  originall  persecutor, 
but  likewise  him  unto  whom  was  to  be  referred  the  contriving, 
ordering,  and  compounding  of  our  businesses,  and  without  whose 
aprobacion  to  the  conclusion  thereof  there  could  be  noe  expectacion 
of  resettling,  averred  (you  will  perceave)  by  Mr.  Younges  advises 
from  court,  where  his  complaints  and  solicitings  were  utterlie 
rejected  with  a  peremtorie  referrence  as  aforesaid.  For  these 
reasons,  seing  noe  other  refuge  to  fly  unto,  wee  perplexedlie 
yeelded,  even  to  the  amount  of  his  owne  exaction,  which  was 
seventie  thousand  mahmodes  ;  but  upon  further  condicions  that, 
besides  his  defending  us  from  the  Turkes,  hee  would  likewise  licence 
the  lading  of  our  indicoe ;  which  hee  faithfullie  promised  to  accom- 
plish, yett  as  faithlesslie  delayed  the  performance,  that  meerelie  by 
deteintion  of  soe  much  estate  of  ours  in  the  countrye,  their  owne 
abroad  might  be  the  better  by  that  meanes  secured.  Nevertheles, 
uppon  hopes  of  his  promise  our  shipps  still  awayted  till  the  perrills 
of  the  seazon  admitted  not  their  longer  attendance;  soe  the  20th 
of  Aprill,  having  with  great  difficulty  replenished  themselves  with 
water  (which  for  a  while  was  utterly  denied  them),  they  departed 
emptie,  the  William  for  Batavia  and  the  Blessing  towards  the  coast 
of  Arabia,  leaving  us  distressed,  still  in  prizon  and  irons  as  they 
found  us.  Howbeit  not  manie  daies  after  were  freed  of  our  fetters 
(yett  still  under  guard)  ;    and  in  June  then  following  the  Turkes 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  59 

had  their  ansvveres,  with  permittance  only  of  apeale  to  the  King,  in 
whose  presence  since  with  many  clamourous  outcries  they  have 
apeared,  complayned,  and  our  English  caled  to  give  answere,  which 
by  the  meanes  of  Sife  Cauns  and  these  marchantes  attestacions, 
with  the  countenance  of  Asaphe  Caun,  our  ould  frind,  to  assist  us, 
tooke  such  good  effect  as  hath  frustrated  their  hopes  of  prevayling ; 
both  the  King,  Abulia  Hussene,  and  Asaph  Caun  having  oft 
repulsed  them,  pronouncing  that,  both  parties  being  strangers  and 
the  act  done  out  of  his  territories,  to  have  nothing  to  doing  [sic]  in 
the  bussines.  In  this  meane  time,  notwithstanding  our  comission 
given  to  the  Blessmg  &c.  for  the  seazing  of  all  Guzeratt  junckes 
(though  therein  wee  had  suffred  torture  for  your  sakes),not  knowing 
as  yett  to  what  extent  of  domage  ether  from  the  Kings  displeasure 
or  other  sinister  courses  Your  Worships  estate  might  be  exposed, 
wee  earnestly  indeavoured  the  reestablishing  of  your  affaires  againe, 
though  but  on  former  tearmes,  against  the  ensuing  monsoone,  for 
prevencion  of  further  prejudice,  as  well  by  the  suspending  of  [Your] 
Worships  trade  whilst  the  Dutch  would  have  solelie  enjoyed  it,  as 
the  losse  of  a  double  monsoone  both  for  England  and  the  south- 
wards, and  the  mizerable  straight  whereunto  your  shipping  would 
be  consequentlie  driven,  through  the  want  of  water  and  provisions, 
in  case  of  fruteles  contending.  In  conclusion,  by  the  meanes  of  our 
great  bribe,  the  mediacion  of  som  marchantes,  with  our  owne 
peticions,  sollicitacions,  and  complaintes,  interlynde  (as  occasion) 
with  threates  if  our  resettling  were  not  seazonably  granted,  after 
seven  monthes  wretched  imprizonment  wee,  the  7th  September  last, 
came  to  a  finall  period  and  agreement,  wherein  for  matter  of 
priviledges  (whereunto  Sife  Caun  himselfe  with  som  twenty  or 
thirty  of  the  principall  marchantes  &c.  of  this  place  have  both 
signed  and  subscribed)  the  coppie  of  our  articles  heerewithall 
(translated)  [see  p.  37]  will  shew  them  most  reasonably  favourable, 
and  not  much  differing  in  effect  from  our  formers,  the  renting  of 
customes  excepted.'  The  losses  may  appear  great,  but  they  prac- 
tically amount  merely  to  a  restitution  of  the  money  forced  from 
the  natives  in  1623,  while  the  reduction  in  the  price  of  the  coral 
still  leaves  a  profit  of  fifty  or  sixty  per  cent.,  besides  the  benefit  of 
a  ready-money  sale  in  lieu  of  waiting  three  years  for  the  completion 
of  the  payments.    The  loss  of  time  was  more  than  countervailed  by 


6o  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

the  voyage  to  the  Red  Sea  and  the  capture  of  the  Chaul  junk  ; 
while  as  for  the  William  and  the  Blessing  losing  the  monsoon,  it 
is  probable  that  that  would  have  happened  in  any  case,  owing  to 
the  lateness  of  the  season.  Now  that  an  agreement  has  been  made 
with  the  authorities,  '  wee  have  found  them  more  tractable  and 
readier  to  doe  justice  then  was  usuall ;  have  by  vertue  of  comand 
from  court  recovered  6,800  m[ahmudls]  from  our  guardians,  which 
they  exacted  in  time  of  imprizonment  to  defend  our  boddies  from 
torture ;  and  now  lately  received  the  Kings  firmaune,  brought 
downe  by  a  couple  of  haddees  his  servantes,  confirming  and 
comanding  our  re-establishment  with  faire  usadge  in  our  trade 
and  residence,  and  restoracion  of  whatsoever  hath  beene  wrong- 
fullie  extorted  from  [us]  (wee  meane  bribes  and  such  like,  in  time 
of  troubles),  which  [the]  haddees  have  order  to  see  effected  ;  and 
might  now  be  pro[secuted  ?]  against  Sife  Caun  for  the  70,000 
m[ahmudls],  were  hee  not  yett  to  p[owerful]  to  bee  dealt  withall, 
and  the  cheefe  officers  of  Surratt  [being?]  his  creatures  and 
dependantes,  who  in  such  case,  uppon  our  [present  ?]  dispatches 
and  other  important  occasions,  might  more  dam[age]  your  affaires 
then  thatt  bribes  recoverie  would  advantage  you.  Besides,  you 
have  the  same  securitie  for  your  estate  as  formerly,  the  same 
proffitts  and  conveniencie  of  trade,  as  well  for  English  retournes 
as  the  supplying  of  Persia  (if  that  bussines  renewed)  and  the 
southerne  partes  with  Indian  clothing,  which  for  the  latter  is 
a  thing  not  a  little  importing  your  benifitts.'  If,  however,  these 
considerations  are  not  judged  sufficient  to  deter  '  a  just  revenge  on 
these  people ',  full  account  should  be  taken  of  the  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  effective  action.  In  the  first  place,  it  would  be  necessary  to 
break  off  trade  and  maintain  active  hostilities  for  three  or  four 
years,  until  the  Indians  were  so  humbled  as  to  make  them  sue  for 
peace,  for  at  present  they  believe  that  the  English  cannot  do  without 
the  trade,  and  '  till  to  their  cost  are  made  sincible  of  the  contrarie. 
will  notwithstanding  all  oathes  and  writings  (even  from  the  King 
to  the  begger)  make  breach  againe  uppon  the  first  occasion  of 
advantage'.  Secondly,  the  natives  might  seize  the  goods,  &c..  of 
the  Dutch,  and  in  that  case  the  latter  would  lay  their  damages  at 
the  door  of  the  Company.  Thirdly,  the  lives  of  all  Englishmen  on 
shore  would    be    in    imminent    danger.      Lastly,  any  project  for 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  6i 

seizing  the  junks  might  fail  of  success,  owing  either  to  some  of  the 
latter  arriving  before  the  English  ships,  or  to  others  returning  (if 
at  all)  with  such  small  cargoes  as  to  make  the  enterprise  unprofit- 
able. However,  they  desire  to  leave  the  decision  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  Company.  To  resume  their  narrative  of  events.  The 
Blessing  wintered  at  *  Maseria  '  [Masira],  on  the  coast  of  Arabia,  on 
leaving  which  she  sighted  four  galleons,  exchanged  shots  with  one 
of  them  and  got  clear  of  the  rest.  The  IVil/tam  spent  the  season 
at  Batavia,  where  she  landed  in  money  and  goods  154,401  [mah- 
mudls]  i6i  [pice?].  Both  returned  to  Surat  in  September,  and 
after  them  arrived  the  James  and  her  fleet.  The  Eagle  was  sent 
to  look  for  the  distressed  Anne,  but  after  going  as  far  as  Cape 
Comorin  she  returned  without  news  of  the  missing  vessel,  of  which 
nothing  has  yet  been  heard.  The  Eagle  on  her  way  back  captured 
two  Portuguese  vessels  ;  the  one  a  good  ship,  though  with  no  lading 
but  coco-nuts;  the  other,  from  Muskat,  had  in  her  37  Arabian 
horses,  besides  dates,  runas,  &c.,  the  total  value  being  estimated  at 
41,470  mahmudis  11  [pice?].  Her  cargo  had  been  landed,  except 
part  of  the  dates,  when  she  ran  aground  in  the  river  and  was  lost. 
The  James  and  her  fleet  had  meanwhile  gone  to  Persia ;  and  the 
Blessing  and  the  William  had  put  out  to  sea  in  order  not  to  be  in 
the  port  when  '  the  Portingall  armadoe '  of  eight  galleons  and  other 
smaller  vessels  came  by.  Since  the  arrival  of  the  James  '  wee 
have  not  only  supplyed  all  former  residences  with  a  fitting  com- 
petencie  of  factors  unto  each  and  given  the  same  forme  and  order 
of  establishment  to  your  affairs  as  heeretofore,  but  besides  the  pay- 
ment of  our  debts  in  the  country  (which  that  specie  left  at  south- 
wards by  the  William  should  have  discharged)  have  invested  for 
Acheene  and  Batavia  to  the  neere  vallue  of  ten  thousand  poundes 
&c.  in  such  Indian  clothing  as  for  both  quantitie  and  quallitie 
have  beene  lately  from  thence  required  ;  and  for  England  in  peper, 
indico,  and  callicoes  &c.  to  the  amount  of  19,500  pounds  more.' 
They  hope  to  dispatch  one  vessel  home  by  the  end  of  this  month 
at  the  latest,  in  company  with  two  of  the  Dutch  ships.  Of  the 
goods  and  jewels  taken  to  the  court  and  Agra  by  Robert  Young 
&c.,  the  broadcloth  (at  the  latter  place)  goes  off  slowly,  '  by  reason 
partlie  of  our  troubles,  but  cheefely  the  Kings  soe  farr  remotenes 
and  unconstant  ranging,  where  to  follow  him  with  goods  of  like 


62  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

bulke  were  both  chargeable  and  almost  impossible  by  the  want 
(scmtimes)  of  carriadge.'  More  than  half  is  still  on  hand,  and 
their  chief  transactions  have  been  in  mercery  and  jewels,  '  all  sould 
for  the  most  part  to  Asaphe  Caun  at  cheape  rates  to  purchase  and 
preserve  his  favour  in  our  heate  of  troubles.'  Particulars  of  these 
sales,  including  three  emeralds  belonging  to  Morris  Abbot,  which 
realized  2,850  rupees  net ;  at  6s.  the  dollar  the  amount  due  to  him 
is  398/.  lis.  ^d.  \see  the  previous  volume^  p.  178].  The  damage  to 
the  calicoes  must  have  happened  on  the  way  down.  They  were 
promptly  embarked  on  receipt,  and  were  also  carefully  guarded 
from  theft  meanwhile.  Any  pilfering  was  done  by  the  sailors,  who 
also  stole  178  bars  of  lead  and  sold  them  to  native  merchants. 
The  latter  were  imprisoned  but  could  not  be  brought  to  justice  for 
want  of  evidence.  In  future  one  man  will  be  placed  in  charge  of 
the  court  of  guard  and  held  responsible  for  losses.  The  Company's 
complaints  regarding  the  quality  and  price  of  the  calicoes,  and 
their  imperfect  packing,  have  been  communicated  to  the  factors  at 
Broach,  Ahmadabad,  Agra,  and  the  Court.  The  approbation 
expressed  of  the  pepper  lately  sent  home,  and  the  demand  for  an 
increased  quantity,  have  led  them  to  purchase  about  280  tons  at 
16  mahmudls  'this  maund'.  They  hope  to  make  Surat  a  pepper 
mart,  and  to  procure  more  than  double  that  quantity  yearly.  Next 
year,  they  intend  to  '  experience '  the  coast  of  Malabar  for  the  same 
purpose  ;  possibly  Dabhol  also.  Less  cotton  wool  has  been  pro- 
vided, as  pepper  makes  more  profitable  stowage ;  but  what  is  sent 
is  of  the  best  quality.  They  will  also  provide  broad  and  narrow 
'  baftaes ',  '  dutties ',  white,  brown,  and  'watchett'  [i.  e.  blue],  and 
'  sereeas  \  both  plain  and  striped  for  '  napkening '.  '  Neccanies, 
semeanes.  dimittes,^  stuffs,  gumlack,  bloodstones,  and  the  rest '  will 
be  sent  as  ordered.  They  can  provide  '  white  callicoe  lawnes,  such 
as  are  fitt  for  banding,  &c.'  and  '  shashes '  of  all  kinds,  but  at  prices 
15  or  20  per  cent,  dearer  than  in  the  places  at  which  they  are 
made.  '  The  callicoe  lawnes  or  butteeles  \sec  p.  6]  (as  you  call 
them)  wee  conceave  to  be  heere  tearmed  by  the  name  of  salowes.'  - 
Samples  sent  of  these,  and  also  of '  white  shashes  such  as  are  heere 

*  For  notes  on  these  various  stuffs  see  the  1618-21  volume. 

^  The  terms  'sallas'  is  still  applied  to  a  variety  of  gray  cotton  goods  manufactured  in 
the  Eombav  Prcsidencv. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  6$ 

cald  guildares  [Pers.  gul-dar,  spotted,  or  flowered],  ferhautcanie 
\Farhat  KhdJii],  kushkushee  [khaskhasl.  the  colour  of  the  poppy- 
head]  and  sursalles,  wherof  there  are  infinite  quantities  trans- 
ported into  Turkey.'  Gum-lac  can  be  obtained  in  abundance  at 
Ahmadabad  and  Agra ;  and  aloes  at  Surat,  brought  now  regularly 
from  Kishem  [Kishin,  in  S.  Arabia],  belonging  to  the  King  of 
Socotra,  who  has  lately  written  again  to  the  factory,  and  from 
whose  servant  they  bought  299  maunds  33  seers  at  as  cheap  rates 
as  in  the  island  itself.  Owing  to  the  Company's  prohibition  last 
year  of  the  purchase  of  calicoes,  they  thought  it  best  to  buy 
a  quantity  of  flat  indigo  from  Sarkhej,  and  they  see  no  reason  to 
venture  on  the  round  indigo  of  Biana.  At  present  the  former  is 
about  12  rupees  per  maund,  while  the  latter  costs  from  28  to  32 
rupees  '  that  maund ' ;  and  their  respective  values  in  England  do 
not  at  all  correspond.  However,  in  view  of  the  Company's  peremp- 
tory order,  they  would  have  bought  a  good  store  (as  the  Dutch 
have  done),  but  their  stock  of  money  has  been  so  much  exhausted 
by  the  payment  of  their  debts  that  they  have  judged  it  advisable 
to  invest  the  small  remainder  in  calicoes  and  other  goods.  As 
regards  the  continuance  of  trade  with  Mokha,  they  still  think  it  too 
dangerous  a  venture,  especially  in  view  of  the  recent  dispute  with 
the  Turks.  '  The  Dutch  uppon  farr  les  occasion  have  now  these 
four  yeares  beene  deteyned  prizoners,  and  their  whole  estate  to 
a  great  amount  confiscated.'  The  trade  would  be  a  valuable  one, 
but  it  would  only  be  safe  if  a  special  farman  could  be  obtained 
from  the  Grand  Signor,  ordering  their  protection  and  absolving 
them  from  all  claims  on  account  of  past  occurrences.  The  coral 
sent  in  this  fleet  has  been  warehoused  and  must  remain  so  until  the 
expiration  of  a  year,  as  stipulated  in  the  recent  agreement  ;  they 
have  not  seen  it,  and  can  therefore  give  no  opinion  as  to  its  value, 
but  coral  is  at  present  in  small  demand.  Broadcloths  sell  very 
slowly ;  not  more  than  forty  or  fifty  pieces  should  be  sent  yearly. 
At  Lahore,  &c.,the  price  has  been  depressed  by  the  competition  of 
cloth  brought  in  by  Armenians.  They  have  sold  practically  all 
the  elephants'  teeth,  and  could  have  got  rid  of  more.  As  for 
cloth  of  gold,  rich  satins,  &c.,  a  few  pieces  should  be  sent  every 
year  '  be  it  but  for  reputacons  sake  and  preservacion  of  frends  at 
Court '.     A   continual  residence   there  necessary,  to  answer  com- 


64  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

plaints  and  '  for  the  awing  of  griping  governours '.  Part  of  the 
gold  lace  has  been  sold  at  a  reasonable  profit.  One  suit  of  tapestry 
has  been  sent  to  Persia ;  the  rest  have  been  landed,  and  they  will 
endeavour  to  sell  them,  but  they  fear  the  rich  ones  of  Sir  Francis 
Crane's  will  get  the  start  of  the  Company's.  The  copper  and  iron- 
ware they  disposed  of  at  a  loss,  and  no  more  should  be  sent ;  but 
lead  is  'a  very  vendible  commodity ',  and  they  have  already  sold 
their  whole  stock  at  7|  mahmudls  per  maund.  In  like  manner 
all  their  quicksilver  has  found  a  purchaser  at  105  rupees  per 
maund,  on  condition  that  it  is  delivered  free  at  Ahmadabad.  This 
is  a  staple  commodity,  and  three  to  four  hundred  maunds  should 
be  sent  yearly ;  but  more  care  must  be  taken  in  the  packing,  for 
there  was  a  loss  of  1,207  ^b.  in  this  last  consignment.  Amber 
beads  to  the  value  of  500/.  or  i  ,000/.  (cost  in  England)  may  yearly 
be  provided.  The  dispatch  of  the  Discovery  to  Batavia  without 
touching  at  Sumatra  was  arranged  in  deference  to  the  opinion  of 
the  seamen.  This  year  they  intend,  if  possible,  to  send  a  vessel 
specially  to  Achin.  When  other  goods  are  not  available,  they 
will  lade  home  cotton  yarn,  either  plain-reeled,  as  desired,  or  (if 
that  cannot  be  got)  cross-reeled.  Their  accounts  are  behind, 
owing  to  the  troubles,  and  they  can  only  send  copies  of  the  journal 
unbalanced  ;  but  next  time  a  more  exact  account  shall  be  fur- 
nished. Explanation  as  to  missing  calicoes.  They  have  always 
consulted  the  sea  commanders  in  regard  to  the  disposal  of  the 
ships,  and  will  do  so  in  future,  as  ordered.  Reasons  for  the  non- 
return of  ships  in  the  past ;  will  endeavour  to  satisfy  the  Company 
in  the  future.  With  regard  to  the  suggestions  of  trade  with 
Dabhol,  it  is  certainly  a  suitable  place,  both  for  the  refreshing  of 
the  ships  and  for  procuring  cotton  goods  and  pepper ;  moreover, 
the  inhabitants  have  lately  made  several  overtures  to  this  effect, 
and  have  twice  furnished  the  Company's  vessels  with  water  and 
provisions.  '  Wee  beleeve  that,  were  it  not  for  the  Dutch  (who 
are  ever  ominous  to  your  affaires),  there  might  be  alsoe  safetie  for 
your  estate  and  peoples  residence ; '  but  they  must  await  further 
instructions  before  taking  action.  As  regards  the  renewal  of  trade 
with  Persia  and  the  settling  of  a  factory  in  Ormus,  they  find  little 
encouragement  from  the  advices  received  from  thence,  but  have  left 
the  matter  to  the  discretion  of  Kerridge.     As  the  latter  will  soon 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  65 

be  back,  Rastell  is  emboldened  to  take  the  opportunity  offered  of 
a  passage  to  England,  leaving  the  charge  of  affairs  to  Heynes  and 
five  other  factors,  Heynes  to  have  a  casting  vote.  Should  Kerridge 
die,  a  new  President  will  be  elected  by  '  an  imparciall  councell  of 
equall  number,  consisting  of  four,  six,  or  eight  of  your  principall 
servantes '.  The  Blessing  and  William  have  again  been  forced  to 
put  to  sea,  owing  to  the  approach  of  a  Portuguese  fleet  of  eight 
galleons.  About  twenty-five  days  since  this  fleet  left  the  coast  for 
the  Persian  Gulf,  their  intention  being  (it  is  supposed)  to  recover 
Ormus.  The  Star  cannot  lade  all  the  goods  intended  for  Batavia  ; 
so  she  will  be  sent  home  on  the  return  of  Kerridge,  and  the  James 
and  Jonas  dispatched  to  Batavia,  and  the  Eagle  to  Sumatra.  The 
settling  of  a  factory  at  '  Tanjoure '  Avas  attempted  by  Captain 
Bickley  in  the  Hart,  but  '  made  frustrate  by  the  secrett  practizes 
of  the  Danes  there  residing ',  as  detailed  in  the  enclosed  letters 
from  Masulipatam.  Have  been  obliged  to  retain  some  of  the 
factors  intended  for  the  southwards.  George  Page  asserts  that  by 
his  agreement  he  is  to  have  100/.  per  annum  after  the  first  three 
years,  and  desires  a  confirmation  of  this  in  the  next  letters.  David 
Gelly,  purser's  mate  in  the  Jonas,  will  be  employed  as  ordered. 
'  The  comission  which  you  have  procured  under  the  broad  scale  of 
England,  and  directed  to  this  Councell,  for  the  more  awfull  gover- 
ment  of  your  people,^  as  wee  could  wish  never  to  have  cause  in  the 

•  In  a  subsequent  document  (April  14,  1628)  mention  is  again  made  of  'our  Kings 
Majesties  letters  pattents  addressed  to  the  President  and  Councell  of  Surratt ',  as  conferring 
special  powers  on  that  body.  No  trace  has  been  found  of  any  grant  of  this  character  to 
the  Surat  authorities  direct,  and  the  reference  is  evidently  to  the  letters  patent  of  February 
4,  1623  l^ParcJunent  Records  at  I.  O.,  no.  8  ;  printed  in  Rymer's  Foedera,  vol.  xvii.  p.  450), 
which  empowered  th^  East  India  Company  to  issue  commissions  to  any  of  their  Presidents 
and  his  Council  to  '  chastise,  correct,  and  punishe  all  and  everie  the  subjects  of  Us,  our 
heires  and  successors,  now  imployed  or  hereafter  to  be  imployed  on  land,  or  in  any 
portes,  havens,  creeks,  or  places  where  shipps  shall  lye  at  anker  in  any  of  the  parts  of 
the  East  Indies'.  Such  President  and  Council  were  authorized  to  inflict  suitable  penalties, 
including  death,  provided  that  the  latter  sentence  be  only  inflicted  'in  case  of  mutiny, 
murder  or  other  felony ',  and  after  trial  by  a  jury  of  twelve  or  more  Englishmen.  This 
conclusion  is  confirmed  by  an  entry  in  the  Court  Minutes  of  Sept.  18,  1633,  ordering  the 
Solicitor  to  procure  an  exemplification  under  the  Great  Seal  of  '  His  Majesties  comission 
formerly  graunted  unto  the  Company,  whereby  hee  giveth  power  and  authority  to  their 
President  at  Suratt  and  Bantam  for  the  better  regulating  of  their  affaires  and  keeping  in 
due  order  and  obedience  their  servants  there,  to  punish  such  as  shalbee  refractory,  and  in 
case  of  criminall  offences  to  inflict  upon  the  offendours  the  lawe  called  martiall  lawe'. 
A  copy  of  this  exemplification,  dated  Jan.  2,  1634,  is  preserved  in  the  East  Indies  series 

FOSTER    III  F 


66  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

extreamest  of  that  power  to  extend  it,  soe  in  cases  which  cannott 
otherwise  ether  with  safetie  or  good  concience  be  avoided  wee  shall 
implore  the  all  director  of  mens  hartes  and  intencions  to  infuse 
mercie  with  justice,  that  before  Him  and  man  our  proceedings  may 
apeare  to  be  justifiable.'  They  will  endeavour  to  reform  the  lavish 
expenditure  on  fresh  provisions  for  the  ships  while  in  port,  but  the 
commanders  pretend  that  it  is  necessary  to  spare  their  salt  victuals 
for  use  elsewhere.  Their  '  superfluitie  in  wine  (if  any) '  is  not  the 
fault  of  the  factors,  'whoe  are  soe  farr  asunder,  and  soe  seldom 
doe  come  amongst  them.'  The  invoice  will  show  what  goods  are 
laden  on  these  ships,  the  Blessing  and  William.  Rastell  will  deliver 
a  file  of  trials  or  tests  of  gold,  to  show  that  it  would  be  an  advan- 
tage to  send  that  metal  instead  of  rials.  The  gain  would  be  at 
least  four  or  five  per  cent.  Refer  also  to  him  for  information  on 
other  matters.  P.S.  [signed  by  Rastell  only) — Besides  Rastell, 
James,  and  Lancaster,  there  goes  in  these  ships  William  Gibson, 
a  young  man  trained  up  in  the  Company's  service  for  five  and 
a  half  years  by  Thomas  Rastell.  He  is  commended  to  the  favour 
of  the  Company.  They  have  received  11,703  mahmudls  belonging 
to  the  estate  of  Henry  Darrell,  and  have  drawn  bills  in  favour  of 
his  executors  for  702/.  y.  accordingly,  computating  the  rial  of 
eight  at  6s.,  as  formerly  allowed.  [Endot'sed  as  received  by  the 
Blessing.     2\\  pp.) 

Thomas  Rastell  [at  Sea]  to  the  Company,  [February  15, 
1625]  {Public  Reco7'd  Office :  East  Indies,  vol.  iii.  no.  67).^ 

The  ships  left  Swally  on  February  15.  He  now  supplements  the 
general  letter  by  setting  down  a  few  matters  then  overlooked. 
Increases  in  wages:  Edward  Heynes  to  120/.,  Jeremy  Suger  [or 
Shuker]  to  o^^l.,  and  John  Hodges  to  30/.  Thomas  Vincent  died 
suddenly  at  Ahmadabad,  and  Walter  Waight  was  drowned  in 
crossing  the  river  [at  Surat?].  Claim  of  the  King  of  Golconda  for 
goods,  alleged  to  belong  to  him,  taken  in  the  Chaul  junk  which  was 
captured  by  the  Blessing  '  uppon  account  of  your  yett  unsattisfied 
caphila  '.    This  demand  the  President  and  Council  resisted  ;  but,  on 

at  the  Public  Record  Office,  and  clearly  shows  that  the  reference  is  to  the  letters  patent  of 
1623. 
*  Abstracted  in  D.C.  iiSi. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  67 

hearing  from  Masulipatam  that  the  King  was  resolved  to  seize  the 
factors'  goods,  &c.,  unless  restitution  were  made,  they  consented  to 
pay  25,000  mahmudls,  remembering  that  the  Dutch,  '  uppon  les 
occasion,'  had  been  mulcted  of  5,000  pagodas  (besides  the  expense 
of  bribes  and  .the  damage  inflicted  by  the  suspension  of  trade)  and 
had  '  lost  alsoe  their  Governour  ^  (in  his  height  of  greatnes),  beaten 
to  death  in  the  heate  of  those  peoples  furie '.     As  a  matter  of  fact, 
they  can  trace  little  beyond  the  seven  bales  of  silk  sent  home  in  the 
Dolphin  that  could  have  been  his  property  ;  and  so  either  the  claim 
was  false  or  there  was  great  pilfering  on  the  part  of  the  mariners. 
The   latter  is   not  improbable,   for   one  John    Chester   has   since 
acknowledged  some  thefts,  and  has  implicated  Kenelm  Butler  of 
the  Dolphin.     The  only  means  of  obtaining  redress  for  the  King's 
exactions  would  be  reprisals  on  his  shipping  ;  and  this  would  entail 
a  suspension  of  trade,  possibly  followed  by  a  hollow  peace  dependent 
on  '  perfidious  promises '.    '  The  Dutch  (wee  heare)  are  now  in  action 
for  revenge  .  .  .  even  with  intent  of  utter  disolution  to  that  trade.' 
This,  however,  they  can  afford  to  do,  because  they  can  procure  most 
of  the  goods  they  want  within  their  own  jurisdiction  on  that  coast. 
It  is  to  be  feared  that  the  English  will  suffer,  owing  to  the  natives 
refusing  to  discriminate  between  the  two  nations,  just  as  at  Surat 
the  Dutch  were  troubled  because  the  English  had  arrested  the  junks. 
Some  five  or  six  days  before  Rastell's  departure  from  Surat  leave 
was  given  to  the  English  to  sell  their  coral,  in  spite  of  the  restriction 
imposed  by  the  late  agreement.     It  was  accordingly  shown  to  the 
usual  merchants,  but  they  much  disliked  the  colour  (a  most  important 
point)  and  the  invoice  price  was  found  rather  exorbitant.    The  jewels 
have  also  been  rated  too  highly.     It  is  a  mistake  to  overprice  such 
goods.     No  conclusion  was  reached  in  regard  to  the  coral,  but  the 
negotiations  (which  involved  also  a  purchase  by  the  English  of 
500  tons  of  pepper)  were  in  a  fair  way  at  his  departure.    {Holograph. 
Endorsed  as  received  by  the  William  and  Blessing.     4  //.) 

Consultation  held  on  board  the  James,  February  24, 
1625  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xl).- 

As  Kerridge  is  anxious  to  push  on  to  Surat,  it  is  agreed  that  the 
Jonas  and  the  Scont  shall  proceed  thither  ahead  of  the  fleet.     If  the 

*  Abraham  Van  Uffelen  (see  p.  5).     He  died  January  22,  1624. 
^  Signed  by  the  en  plains  and  masters :  also  by  Wheatley,  Smythe,  and  White. 

F  2 


68  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Dutch  concur,  the  Eagle  and  some  Dutch  ship  will  be  told  off  to 
convoy  the  junks  ;  if  not,  she  will  remain  with  the  fleet.     {Copy,    i  p) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge, 
Edward  Heynes,  George  Muschamp,  Joseph  Hopkinson, 
Richard  Wylde,  and  William  Hoare,  March  i6,  1625 
{Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  86). 

It  is  decided  that  the  James,  Jonas.^nA  5/j,  with  the  Portuguese 
prize,  shall  proceed  to  Batavia,  where  the  three  former  shall  refit 
and  return  inSeptember  to  meet  the  ships  from  England  and  oppose 
the  Portuguese.  The  Eagle  is  to  go  to  Achin,  and  the  Scout  to 
Socotra  and  the  Comoro  Islands  in  search  of  the  Anne.  Should 
she  fail  to  find  her,  she  is  to  repair  to  Mauritius, '  there  to  experi- 
ment what  ebony  maye  futurelye  be  procured  towards  our  home 
returnes.'  Several  merchants  have  solicited  the  President  to  trans- 
port them  and  their  goods  to  Mokha,  offering  freight  to  about 
15,000  rupees  ;  but  this  would  necessitate  sending  either  the  James 
or  the  Jonas,  which  would  not  be  worth  doing,  and  the  request  is 
therefore  refused.     (|  p) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Royal  James  by  Presi- 
dent Kerridge  and  Council,  with  Captains  Weddell  and 
Clevenger  and  John  Rowe,  March  23,  1625  {Ibid.,  p.  86). 

John  Johnson,  master  of  the  Eagle,  is  charged  with  (i)  taking 
from  a  Portuguese  prize  a  bale  of  silk  and  a  negro  boy  for  his  own 
use,  selling  the  latter  in  Surat  ;  (2)  disregarding  his  mates'  advice 
in  the  navigation  of  the  ship ;  and  (3)  being  backward  in  the  recent 
fights,  in  spite  of  '  the  whole  companies  instigacion '.  He  replies 
that  he  has  sent  the  silk  home  and  will  be  answerable  to  the 
Company  for  it,  as  also  for  the  boy  (given  to  him,  as  he  alleges, 
by  Mr.  Rastell) ;  also  that  he  is  quite  competent  to  navigate  his 
ship  and  is  under  no  obligation  to  defer  to  the  judgment  of  his 
subordinates.  For  his  conduct  in  the  recent  engagements  he  gives 
various  reasons,  '  tending  rather  to  extenuate  then  to  take  away  the 
imputacion  of  his  non-performance.'  It  is  decided  to  continue  him 
in  his  place  with  a  reprimand  ;  while,  to  avoid  friction,  the  two 
mates,  Minors  and  Norbury,  are  to  be  moved  to  other  ships. 
The  Star  and  Eagle  to  be  supplied  with  men,  stores,  and  provisions. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  69 

The  Portuguese  prisoners  to  be  released  and  given  two  rials  apiece 
to  take  them  to  Daman.  Of  the  Moors,  such  as  are  sick  or  '  unable 
for  labor'  are  likewise  to  be  put  ashore,     (i?//-) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council  to  Andrew  Evans,  Master  of  the  Scout, 
March  25,  1635  {Ibid.,  p.  88). 

'After  your  departure  out  of  the  Roade  of  Swallye,  we  doe 
heereby  conferr  one  you  the  goverment  of  your  shipps  company 
and  cheef  direccion  in  this  your  navigacion,  and  by  vertue  of 
authoritye  conferred  on  us  by  the  Kings  most  royall  Majestie  our 
Soveraigne  we  doe  authoriz  you,  by  consent  of  your  councell  heere- 
under  nominated,  to  punnish  the  offences  of  all  men  in  this  your 
vessell,  according  to  the  qualletye  thereof,  provided  allwayes  that 
examinacion  be  truly  taken  and  recorded  and  all  reasonable  lenetye 
extended  in  the  execucion  ;  only  in  matter  of  life  and  death  we  doe 
wholy  prohibitt  you  and  inorder  that  such  offenders  be  reserved  in 
irons  untill  your  arryvall  hether  for  our  determinacion.'  David 
Gelly,  merchant,  and  William  Minors,  mate,  are  to  form  a  council 
with  Evans.  The  object  of  his  voyage  is  the  discovery  of  the  Anne. 
First,  he  is  to  make  inquiry  at  Socotra.  If  nothing  be  heard  there, 
he  must  sail  along  the  African  coast  and  visit  the  Comoro  Islands 
and  the  north  end  of  Madagascar.  P  ailing  any  news  of  the  missing 
vessel,  he  is  to  proceed  to  Mauritius  and  lade  ebony-wood.  Gelly 
is  appointed  to  make  sale  of  the  cargo.  Minors  to  succeed  Evans 
as  master  in  case  of  death.  In  returning,  if  the  season  permits,  he 
may  go  round  the  southern  end  of  Madagascar  and  leave  a  letter 
at  St.  Augustine's  Bay.  He  is  to  capture  any  Portuguese  vessel 
he  may  meet,  keeping  a  careful  account  of  any  property  taken. 
P.S. — A  present  to  be  given  to  the  King  of  Socotra.  {Signed 
copy.     2\  pp.) 

William  Minors's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Scout 
{Marine  Records,  vol.  xH). 

16%^,  March  2"].  Sailed  from  Swally.  April  1^.  Chased  a  frigate, 
but  lost  her.  April  25.  Sighted  Socotra.  April  26.  Anchored  in 
the  Road,  and  took  in  a  supply  of  water.  April  27.  Sailed.  Over- 
took a  junk  from  Diu,  but  released   her.      April  29.    Saw  Cape 


70  THE   ENGLISH  FACTORIES 

Guardafui.  May  i.  Anchored  in  a  sandy  bay  to  the  northwards 
of  the  Cape.  Got  a  little  water,  but  failed  to  catch  any  fish. 
Sailed  again.  May  7.  After  beating  about  for  some  days  against 
rough  seas  and  strong  currents,  they  sighted  the  island  of  '  Abdela- 
core '  [Abdulkuri]  and  'the  Dos  Armanos '  [The  Brothers].  May  8, 
They  were  close  to  Socotra  again.  May  15.  Still  in  sight  of  that 
island.  May  19.  Saw  Cape  Guardafui.  May  24.  Anchored  two 
leagues  within  the  Cape,  where  the  master  tried  to  speak  with 
the  country  people,  but  the  latter  '  heavd  stones  '  at  him.  May  25. 
Captured  two  native  women  and  brought  them  aboard.  May  26. 
Got  a  little  water,  and  '  tooke  a  blacke '.  May  27.  Set  the  women 
ashore,  and  sailed.  May  29.  Liberated  their  remaining  prisoner. 
Were  promised  provisions,  but  nothing  came.  Sailed  again.  June  3. 
Saw  the  town  of  '  Meath '  [Mait  ?]  to  the  south-west.  Jinie  6. 
Sailing  ENE.,  the  islands  of '  Cannacanee '  ^  bore  ENE.  of  them. 
Took  a  small  junk  of 'Shaher.'  June  8.  Anchored  at  'Shaher'.^ 
June  9.  Minors  went  ashore  with  Mr.  Gelly.  They  were  well 
received  by  the  Governor.  '  There  is  50  howseholdes  of  bannians 
in  the  towne :  the  cheefe  his  name  is  Ramgee  '  [Ramjl].  June  10. 
Heard  news  of  the  ^«7/^,  which  made  them  anxious  to  resume  their 
voyage  ;  but  as  the  only  water  obtainable  was  brackish,  they 
determined  to  go  first  to  '  Barum '.  Jjine  i\.  Sailed.  J^ine  12. 
Reached  '  Borrum  ',^  where  they  found  six  junks.  The  crews  were 
struck  with  panic,  but  were  assured  that  no  harm  was  intended. 
The  Governor  supplied  them  with  water  and  provisions.  '  This  is 
the  best  place  for  shippinge  one  all  this  coaste.'  Sailed  the  same 
night,  standing  SE.  June  13.  The  wind  veering  to  the  SVV.  they 
returned  to  Burum,  where  they  set  to  work  to  trim  their  vessel. 
Jnne  17.  A  junk  from  Mokha  brought  news  that  the  Anne  had 
gone  to  Asab.  J  tine  1 8.  Sailed  again.  June  20.  Finding  them- 
selves carried  back  by  the  current,  they  put  into  Burum  again,  and 
landed  Mr.  Gelly,  who  had  volunteered  to  make  his  way  overland 
to  the  Anne  at  Mokha.  '  The  bannians  procured  him  a  guide  and 
a  cammle ;  soe  this  eveninge  hee  was   dispatched  from   Borrum, 

'  Possibly  the  Ghutdrin  Islets,  off  the  Arabian  coast. 

^  Either  the  present  Ash-Shehr,  on  the  Arabian  coast,  in  long.  49°  35'  E.,  or  the  ruined 
town  to  the  westward  called  Shuhair.     The  latter  is  the  more  likely  identification. 
2  Burum,  between  Ras  Burum  and  Ras  Makalla. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  71 

Hee  shaved  his  head  and  thoughte  for  to  travaile  as  a  pilgrim  ;  but 
they  wrought  meanes  that  hee  should  goe  to  the  greate  Kinge  and 
have  passes  from  [d^ank]  and  finnish  this  bould  enterprise  in 
20  dayes.'  ^une  30.  Having  made  two  more  futile  attempts  to  get 
to  the  eastwards,  the  master  decided  to  leave  his  vessel  at  Burum 
and  endeavour  to  reach  Mokha  in  his  skiff.  J^i^fy  i.  The  skiff 
returned  in  order  to  have  her  sides  raised,  as  she  shipped  too  much 
water.  This  having  been  effected,  she  started  again  the  same 
evening,  ytdy  10.  She  returned,  after  getting  within  seven  or  eight 
leagues  of  Aden,  the  men  being  tired  out  and  refusing  to  row  any 
longer.  As  a  punishment  the  master  caused  a  small  '  murtherer ' 
[a  small  piece  of  ordnance]  to  be  hung  about  the  neck  of  the 
ringleader.  July  \(^.  Minors  fixed  the  latitude  of  Burum  as  14"^  27'.^ 
'  It  is  a  verrie  temperate  and  holesome  place  ;  good  water  and  easie 
wateringe,  which  you  may  doe  in  despite  of  the  countrie  if  neede 
require.  But  the  people  were  verrie  kinde  unto  us,  sellinge  goates 
for  half  a  doller  apeece  or  three  for  a  doller.  There  money  goeth 
by  the  caffala,  of  which  9^  maketh  a  doller  and  60  fiuse  to  a  caffala.- 
Here  was  a  juncke  of  Duo  [Diu]  bounde  for  Mocho,  and  one  other 
of  Sindy  \see  p.  54],  which  was  come  from  Mocho  and  for  feare  of 
us  sent  her  money  to  Shaher  and  there  to  take  it  in.  There  was 
alsoe  a  galliott  of  Choule,  which  was  the  Mallacambers  [Malik 
Ambar's]  and  had  brought  rice  for  the  poore,  which  hee  yearly 
sendes.  They  use  to  unrigge,  as  alsoe  to  take  out  there  mastes  and 
unhang  there  rudder,  for  feare  of  beinge  taken.  Here  is  a  place 
where  one  may  bee  sure  of  a  voyadge  uppon  either  junckes  bounde 
for  Mocho  or  India.'  A  short  distance  eastwards  is  a  place  called 
'  Mocally  '  [Makalla],  which  is  a  very  good  road.  July  24.  A  letter 
from  Mr.  Gelly  related  his  '  kinde  entertainement  at  the  Saltans 
courte.  This  Saltan  his  name  was  Abdela.  And  was  to  departe 
the  14th  of  July  and  did  expecte  to  bee  at  Moco  the  5th  of  Auguste.'^' 
July  25.  '  Beinge  in  conference  with  Nockeda  Indergee  [the  nakhuda 

>  Really  14°  20' 

~  Cf.  Knightley's  account  (p.  347,  infra).  Niebuhr,  in  his  account  of  the  weights  of 
Mokha  {Description  de  VArahie,  1774,  p.  192),  states  that  870  'caffilas'  equalled  100 
Spanish  crowns.     The  smaller  coin  is  the  Arabic  fals  (pi.  ftilus), 

^  He  succeeded  in  his  adventurous  mission  and  returned  to  India  in  the  Jonas.  On 
Nov.  22.  1626,  the  Company  bestowed  a  gratuity  of  20  marks  upon  him.  It  was  stated 
that  his  journey  had  occupied  55  days. 


72  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Indraji],  hee  wishte  that  the  EngHsh  had  some  place  where  they 
might  bee  sole  commaunders  of  themselves.     I  demaunded  where 
such  a  place  were  to  bee  founde.     Hee  tolde  mee  of  two  places, 
which  were  more  commodious  for  us  then  Dio  was  for  the  Portingalls, 
with  fresh  water  and  roade  for  the  whole  yeare,  as  alsoe  wee  mighte 
spoyle  the  trade  of  Dio  ;    with  verrie   manie  other  commodious 
thinges  which  woulde  bee  verrie  good  for  us.'     August  lo.  Catching 
sight  of  a  galliot,  supposed  to  be  Portuguese,  the  Sco2it  put  to  sea 
and   engaged    her.      After   a   warm    fight,  the   galliot   got  away. 
August  II.   Both  the  galliot  and  the  Scout  anchored  in  '  Shaher ' 
Road,  when  the  former  was  discovered  to  be  '  Courte  Mamootes 
[Khurd  IMahmud],  which  was  a  verrie  good  freinde  to  the  English, 
who  when  hee  heard  what  wee  were,  both  of  us  were  sorrie  for  what 
had  happened  '.     '  Hee  tould  mee  that  wee  had  kild  him  1 1  men 
and  shot  another  man  his  arme  of,  which  our  chirurgion  drest. 
Hee  had  250  men,  20  peeces  of  artillery,  and  60  small  shott  and 
10  harquebushes ;  wee  had  but  two  peeces,  8  small  shott,  22  men 
and  boyes,  and  (praysed  bee  to  God)  wee  had  but  one  man  hurte, 
which  was  our  carpenter,  shott  into  the  arme  with  a  small  shott ; 
but  in  our  sayles  and  hull  wee  received  above  one  hundred  shott, 
greate  and  smalle.     His  galliott  was  250  tunnes  and  wee  25  tunnes  ; 
which  by  computacion  in  all  thinges  hee  had  ten  to  one.'    August  1 2. 
The  Governor,  '  Ameare  IMorray '  [Amir  Murad  ?],  sent  a  present, 
and  the  master  went  aboard  '  Courte  Mammoote '  to  dinner.     At 
night  the  5^(9/// sailed.    August  i;^.  She  reached  Burum.    August  2-^. 
Seeing  a  sail  and  supposing  it  to  be  the  Anne,  the  Scout  put  out  to 
sea.    August  24.  The  stranger  proved  to  be  the  '  Sindia '  \_see  p.  71] 
junk,  which  had  gone  from  Burum  to  '  Shaher '  to  lade  dates,  &c., 
and  was  now  bound  for  India.     August  25.  Anchored  at  Burum 
once  more.     Atcgust  27.  Sailed,  with  the  intention  of  trying  to  reach 
the  '  Cannacanee'  Islands.    August  29.  Saw  them  to  the  NW.,  but 
finding  the  current  still  strong  and  the  monsoon  nearly  over,  the 
master  determined  to  stand  for  Socotra.     August  31.  Overhauled 
a  junk    from    Jiddah,   belonging    to    Cambay,   but   released   her. 
September  13.  Sighted  the  coast  of  India.     September  14.  Saw  two 
ships,  which  proved  to  be  the  Jonas  and  the  Anne.     September  16. 
Near  '  St.  Johns,^  where  the  Portingales  have  residence  in  a  faire 

1  Sanjan,  88  miles  north  of  Bombay,  and  about  15  south  of  Daman. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  73 

white  howse  or  forte',  they  took  a  junk,  but  released  her  on  finding 
that  she  was  from  Surat.  Heard  from  a  frigate  of  the  same  place 
that  there  was  a  Portuguese  ship  cast  away  'neere  unto  St.  Johns '. 
September  17.  Anchored  off  Daman.  September  18.  Anchored  off 
the  mouth  of  the  Tapti.  Received  letters  from  Surat,  with  news  of 
seven  Portuguese  galleons  which  had  come  from  Muskat,  '  whereof 
two  were  cast  away  one  the  coaste,'  September  19.  Went  into 
Swally  Hole,  and  brought  the  President  out  to  the  Anne  and  Jonas. 
September  21.  Went  into  the  Hole  again,  with  the  Jonas. 
September  22.  Three  Dutch  ships,  the  Gonde  Leeinv^  VValcheren, 
and  Hensden,  arrived.  The  Aji7ie  came  into  the  Road.  Septem- 
ber 24.  A  Dutchman  had  his  leg  bitten  by  a  shark  and  died. 
September  25.  The  President  wrote  to  Captain  Clevenger  that  there 
were  nine  Portuguese  galleons  near  Daman.     (22  pp.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council,  March  28,  1625  [Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i. 
p.  90) 

Mr.  Morris  Abbot  having  sent  out  in  the  last  fleet  two  fair 
emeralds  for  sale  on  his  own  account,  it  is  resolved  to  dispatch  them 
to  Cambay  in  the  charge  of  John  Bangham  for  sale  to  '  Meer 
Moza  V  who  has  been  '  sent  by  the  Kinge  expresslye  for  the  buying 
of  Jewells  and  other  rareties '.  The  President  draws  attention  to 
the  large  amount  of  private  trade  carried  in  the  late  voyage  to 
Persia,  and  propounds  the  question  whether  freight  should  be 
demanded  from  the  owners  ;  but  it  is  resolved  to  leave  the  matter 
to  be  dealt  with  in  England.  At  the  request  of  the  Dutch,  it 
is  agreed  that  a  hundred  tons  of  their  goods  be  carried  to  Batavia 
for  them  in  the  James.  An  offer  of  freight  from  '  certaine  banian 
marchants  ',  who  wish  to  be  carried  with  their  goods  to  the  same 
place,  is  refused  for  fear  of  competition  in  sales  there.  Grant 
of  200  mahmudls  apiece  to  Messrs.  Heynes  and  Hutchinson  '  to- 
wards the  supply  of  their  provisions  homewards,  as  to  others  hath 
usually  been  accustomed '.  Owing  to  the  want  of  ammunition,  it  is 
decided  to  have  5,000  great  shot  made  in  Surat  and  to  purchase 
1,200  maunds  of  powder  at  Ahmadabad.     (i  p.) 

'  Mir  MOsa,  Governor  of  Cambay  (see  the  previous  volume,  p.  329). 


74  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Henry  Wheatley  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham,  March  31, 
1625  {O.C.  1 1 84). 

Desires  him,  on  arrival  at  Cambay,  to  invest  in  white  beads  the 
seven  rials  lent  him  by  the  writer  on  board  the  ship,  with  the  five 
larls  for  a  piece  of  stuff  in  Persia.  Should  he  have  any  more 
money  before  his  departure,  he  will  arrange  for  its  remittance 
to  Bangham,  for  investment  in  red  and  white  beads,     (i  P-) 

Richard  Wylde  ^  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Court, 
April  i,  1625  (O.C.  1185). 

Sends  messages  from  various  friends.  John  Benthall  desires  an 
account  of  money  and  goods  he  sent  from  Gombroon  last  year  and 
the  remittance  of  any  proceeds,  Hopkinson,  before  leaving  for 
Mokha,  also  desired  the  writer  to  apply  to  Bangham  for  the  pro- 
ceeds of  goods  delivered  to  him  and  John  Goodwin,  amounting 
to  951  rupees  50  pice.  Clitherow  has  told  him  that  Goodwin  sold 
the  damasks  and  Chinese  cloth  of  gold  a  year  ago  at  Agra,  and  he 
is  surprised  to  have  heard  nothing  about  it.  Part  should  be  re- 
mitted to  the  writer  at  once  to  discharge  a  commission  left  with 
him  by  Hopkinson.  {^Endorsed as  received  in  Kabul  May2g,  1626, 
and  answered  on  the  '^ist.      i  p.) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council  to  Captains  Weddell  and  Clevenger  for 
their  Voyage  to  Batavia,  April  6,  1625  {Factory  Records, 
Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  91). 

'  The  disposure  both  of  yourselves,  shipps,  and  company  being 
referred  (as  you  knowe)  unto  our  commaund  and  direccion  ...  we 
doe  heereby  resigne  unto  you,  the  Worshipfull  Captaine  John 
Weddell,  the  supreame  and  cheefe  commaund  of  the  aforesaid 
shipps  and  pinnaces  and  all  the  persons  in  them,  to  governe  with 
the  same  authoritye  and  instruccions  during  the  now  intended 
voyage  as  from  the  Honorable  Company  by  vertue  of  His  Majesties 
letters  pattents  you  receaved,  and  we  as  their  lawfull  substitutes 

*  Afterwards  President.  He  came  out  in  the  1624  fleet,  having  been  engaged  by  the 
Company  on  November  7,  1623,  as  a  factor,  for  five  years  at  100/.  per  annum. 

This  letter  is  clearly  dated  1625,  but  the  contents  seem  to  indicate  that  1626  is  the  right 
year. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  75 

doe  confirm  unto  you  ;  but  therein  to  continue  but  only  during  the 
tyme  of  this  your  voyage  unto  the  porte  of  Batavia  and  backe 
returne  to  the  porte  of  Surratt,  where  you  are  to  make  a  surrender 
of  the  said  authority e  unto  us,  the  foresaid  President,  who  must 
then  resume  that  commaund  againe,  according  to  the  Honorable 
Company  their  injunccions.'  To  proceed  with  their  ships  to 
Batavia  and  return  by  September  22  at  the  latest.  To  careen  and 
repair  the  ships  at  Batavia.  To  surprise  any  vessels  belonging  to 
ports  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Portuguese,  or  to  Chaul,  Dabhol, 
or  '  the  Samarines  ^  dominions  ',  keeping  a  strict  account  of  every- 
thing taken  in  them  and  punishing  severely  any  attempt  at 
embezzlement.  The  council  to  consist  of  Captain  Weddell  (with 
a  casting  vote),  Muschamp,  Clevenger,  Swanley,  Monk,  Wills, 
Wheatley,  and  (Robert)  Smith.  The  principals  of  the  Star  and 
Eagle  are  also  to  be  members  so  long  as  those  ships  remain  in 
company  with  the  fleet.  Annexed:  Articles  to  be  promulgated  for 
prevention  of  pillage.     {Signed  copy.     2^//.)  ^ 

A  Consultation  held  aboard  the  Royal  James  by 
President  Kerridge  and  Council  and  the  Commanders  of 
the  Ships,  April  8,  1625  {Ibid.,  p.  93). 

The  President  having  yesterday  received  intelligence  that  the 
Anne  was  at  Mokha  in  great  want  of  assistance,  it  is  determined  to 
dispatch  the  Jonas  thither,  after  transferring  her  cargo  to  the 
James.  Spare  stores  and  thirty  extra  men  to  be  sent  in  her. 
Roger  Browne,  one  of  the  Dolphin's  company,  who  fled  to  the 
Portuguese  but  returned  on  October  13,  1624,  and  has  since  behaved 
satisfactorily,  is  to  have  his  former  wages,  viz.  20^-.  per  month. 
'  Divers  young  men  and  youthes  aboard  the  severall  shipps  per- 
forming good  service  without  any  consideracion  of  salerye  from  the 
Honourable  Company,'  it  is  agreed  that  those  found  deserving 
shall  be  allowed  los.  a  month,  payable  in  England,  provided  they 
serve  three  years  in  the  East  from  April  i,  1625.     (|/.) 

1  The  Zamorin  or  King  of  Calicut. 

*  By  a  postscript  dated  April  1 1  (p.  97  of  the  same  volume^ ,  George  Muschamp  is 
exempted  from  Weddell's  authority  and  allowed  to  share  the  great  cabin  with  him. 


76  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council  to  Captain  Clevenger,  April  9, 1625  {Factory 
Records^  Sttrat,  vol.  i.  p.  94). 

To  proceed  in  the  Jonas  with  all  possible  speed  to  the  Straits  of 
Mokha  for  the  purpose  of  succouring  the  Anne.  Then  to  accompany 
her  back  to  Surat.  To  be  very  cautious  in  dealing  with  the  people 
of  Mokha.  Asab  would  be  a  safer  place  for  watering,  &c.  The 
Sco7tt,  if  met  with,  is  to  put  herself  under  Clevenger's  orders. 
Power  given  him  to  punish  offenders  during  the  voyage,  but  he  is 
not  to  inflict  death.  On  the  outward  voyage  no  time  is  to  be  lost 
in  chasing  Portuguese  or  other  vessels,  but  coming  back  he  may 
make  prize  of  any  he  comes  across.  Ships  belonging  to  the  Great 
Mogul's  dominions  are  not  to  be  molested.  Care  to  be  taken 
to  prevent  pilfering.  The  council  to  consist  of  Clevenger  (with 
a  casting  vote),  the  purser,  and  the  four  mates  ;  also  Evans  and  his 
merchant,  so  long  as  the  Scout  is  in  company.  {Signed  copy. 
2  pp.) 

The  Same  to  John  Johnson,  Master  of  the  Eagle, 
April  9,  1625  {Ibid.,  p.  96). 

To  proceed  with  Weddell's  fleet  and  not  to  part  company  until 
ordered  to  do  so.  Then  to  make  his  way  to  Achin  and  so  to 
Batavia,  John  Carter,  late  master's  mate  of  the  Star,  acting  as  pilot 
during  the  voyage.  Power  given  to  punish  offenders.  John  Carter, 
Peter  Bell,  Richard  Norbury,  and  John  Darby  to  be  members 
of  council  with  Johnson.  Instructions  for  his  proceedings  at  Achin. 
To  seize  any  Portuguese  vessel  he  may  encounter.  At  Batavia  he 
is  to  take  instructions  from  the  President  and  Council  there. 
( Signed  copy .     i^pp.) 

The  Same  to  John  Rowe,  Commander  of  the  Stj/!, 
April  9,  1625  {O.C.  ii88}.i 

On  leaving  Swally  he  is  to  make  the  best  of  his  way  to  England, 
keeping  company  with  the  Dutch  ships  Maagd  van  Dort  and  Wesp, 
and  assisting  them  as  far  as  possible.     Power  is  given  to  him  to 

^  A  signed  copy,  with  the  seal  (unfortunately  broken)  of  the  President  and  Council, 
bearing  the  arms  of  the  Company,  with  supporters  and  crest. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  77 

control  and  punish  all  on  board  except  Heynes  and  Hutchinson. 
To  be  on  his  guard  against  pirates  or  other  enemies.  Heynes  is  to 
share  the  round-house  with  Rowe,  and  Hutchinson  to  choose  a 
cabin  in  the  '  cuddee  '  ^  or  elsewhere.  All  matters  of  importance  to 
be  decided  by  a  council  composed  of  Edward  Heynes,  John  Rowe, 
Robert  Hutchinson,  Daniel  White,  and  the  two  master's  mates. 
Heynes  to  have  a  casting  vote.  A  record  of  the  proceedings  to  be 
kept.  In  the  event  of  Rovve's  death,  Heynes  is  to  command,  while 
John  Vine  takes  charge  of  the  navigation  of  the  ship.     (2  pp.) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
FROM  SURAT  TO  Batavia  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix), 

1625,  April  2.  Came  out  of  '  Swally  Hole'.  April  9.  The 
Jonas  dispeeded  for  the  Red  Sea  to  succour  the  Anne.  April  14. 
The  James,  Star,  Eagle,  Spy,  and  Simon  and  Jnde  ^  sailed,  in 
company  with  four  Dutch  ships.  April  26  [22  ?].  The  Simon  and 
Jnde  took  a  small  junk  of  about  25  tons  burden.  The  lading 
of  rice  was  shared  with  the  Dutch,  according  to  agreement.  April 
27.  The  Simon  and  Jnde  captured  another  junk,  which  was  un- 
laden and  made  over  to  the  Dutch.  May  5.  The  Star  and  two 
[Dutch]  ships  parted  company  with  the  rest,  homewards  bound. 
May  7.  The  prize  was  turned  adrift.  June  5.  Saw  the  coast 
of  Java.  June  8.  Met  two  Dutch  ships.  June  1 1 .  Anchored  off 
Batavia.  Jtdy  5.  Returned  thither,  after  careening  at  Hector's 
Island.     (5//.) 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xl). 

1625,  April  2.  Quitted  'Swally  Hole'.  Apj-il  g.  The  Jonas 
departed  for  the  Red  Sea.  April  13.  Sailed  in  the  afternoon  with 
the  Star  and  the  Eagle,  in  company  with  four  Dutch  ships,  of  which 
two  were  bound  for  Holland  and  two  for  Batavia.  April  26  [22  ?]. 
The  pinnace  took  a  small  junk.  April  27.  Another  junk  captured. 
May  5.  The  Star  and  the  two  Dutch  ships  parted  company  with 
the  rest  of  the  fleet.  May  7.  Turned  their  prize  adrift.  June  5. 
Saw  the  coast  of  Java.     Jitne  8.  Anchored  near  Palembang  Point, 

*  The  earliest  example  of  the  use  of  '  cuddy '  given  in  the   Oxford  Eng.  Diet,  is 
dated  1660.     The  name  is  possibly  of  Oriental  origin. 
"^  A  captured  Portuguese  frigate. 


78  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

near  two  Dutch  ships.  June  ii.  Anchored  in  Jakatra  Road 
[Batavia].  June  28.  Went  to  Hector's  Island  to  careen.  July  5 
Returned  to  Batavia.     {AhPP) 

Consultations  held  on  board  the  James  during  the 
Voyage  to  Batavia  {Marine  Records^  vol.  xl).^ 

162 J,  Apn'l  12.  Resolved  to  wait  until  the  14th  for  the  company 
of  the  Dutch.    (Copy.     ^  p.) 

April  22.  It  is  decided  to  keep  company  with  the  Dutch  as  far 
as  Cape  Comorin,  and  to  share  all  captures  or  losses,  as  proposed. 
Heynes  and  Rowe  authorized  '  to  make  consortshipp  and  keepe 
company'  with  the  homeward-bound  Dutch  ships.  The  junk  of 
Cochin  captured  this  day  is  to  be  confiscated.  Calico  to  be  made 
into  sails.     {Copy,     'i^^  pp.) 

April  25.  Resolved  to  take  out  the  cargo  of  the  prize  and  turh 
her  adrift.  The  captain,  pilot,  and  the  unserviceable  men  are  to  be 
put  ashore,  and  the  rest  carried  to  Batavia.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

John  Bangham  at  Surat  to  Thomas  Rastell  in  London, 
April  14,  1625  [O.C.  1189). 

Sends  briefly  the  news  since  his  departure.  Fight  with  the 
Portuguese  off  Gombroon,  in  which  Becker,  the  Dutch  commander, 
was  slain.  The  Portuguese  were  '  putt  to  the  worst ',  whereupon 
the  English  sailed  for  Surat.  On  arrival  Kerridge  assumed  the 
charge  of  affairs.  The  Star  now  dispatched  for  England,  with 
Heynes  and  Hutchinson  and  a  Persian  ambassador  on  board. 
'  The  Prince  Ckorom  [Khurram],  being  againe  repulst  out  of  his 
fathers  dominions,  returned  the  waie  hee  went  by  Meslepatan,  and 
is  at  present  within  50  course  of  Brampoore  [Burhanpur],  Abdela- 
ckaun  goeing  some  dales  journie  before  him.  Tis  greatly  fearde 
hee  will  come  to  Suratt  and  attempt  Guzeratt  againe.  Howe  wee 
male  bee  dealte  with  by  the  Prince  is  doubtfull  ;  yett  wee  hope  the 
best.  The  King  is  remote  toward  Cashmeere,  and  in  theise  partes 
litle  strength  to  withstand  such  an  enemy.'  William  Bell  died 
before  the  fleet  reached  Persia,  and  Barker  is  now  the  Agent. 
Bangham  is  about  to  start  for  Cambay  to  dispose  of  some  goods, 

*  The  persons  signing  are  Weddell,  Rowe,  Swanley,  Johnson,  (John)  Carter,  (John) 
Vian,  Heynes,  Muschamp,  (Robert)  Hutchinson,  Wheatley,  and  White. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  79 

and  especially  to  endeavour  to  sell  Abbot's  emeralds  to  '  Meer 
Mooza',  the  Governor.  Thence  he  is  to  go  to  Ahmadabad,  and 
wait  until  Hopkinson  arrives.  His  next  destination  may  be  Baroda, 
but  at  present  no  money  is  available  for  investment  there.  Com- 
mendations to  James,  Lancaster,  and  Gibson,     (i  p.) 

Richard  Wylde  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  [at  Surat?], 
[April  14],  1635  {O.C.  1190). 

Is  bold  to  send  under  his  convoy  some  odd  goods  for  Gregory 
Clement.  Begs  him  also,  on  his  arrival  at  Cambay,  to  show  to 
'  Mermusa '  Captain  Weddell's  tapestries  and  carpet,  with  a  comb- 
case  belonging  to  the  Company.  The  prices  are  left  to  his  dis- 
cretion, but  the  carpet  must  not  be  allowed  to  go  for  less  than 
500  rupees.  The  proceeds  should  be  handed  to  the  broker  who 
accompanies  him,  to  be  invested  according  to  order  ;  but  if  no  sales 
be  effected,  the  goods  should  be  taken  on  to  Ahmadabad,  '  under 
the  cover  of  your  sombre  '  [Port,  soinbra,  protection],  and  delivered 
to  Clement,     (i  p.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same  at  Broach,  [  ]  April,  1625  {O.C. 
1191). 

On  second  thoughts,  not  more  than  150  rupees  should  be  delivered 
to  the  broker,  and  the  rest  carried  on  to  Clement,  from  whom 
a  receipt  should  be  taken.     {Seal,     i  p.) 

Captain  Weddell,  aboard  the  Royal  James  off  Cape 
CoMORiN,  to  the  Company,  April  27,  1625  {O.C.  1192). 

Repeats  the  gist  of  his  last  letter,  left  at  Gombroon.  Sailed  from 
Swally  for  Persia  on  November  17,  1624,  in  company  with  the 
Dutch  ships  Zind  Holland,  Bantam,  Maagd  van  Dort,  and  Wcsp, 
and  four  Surat  junks  under  the  convoy  of  the  latter.  On  the  1 8th 
they  met  the  Eagle  returning  from  her  fruitless  quest  for  the  Anne, 
and  with  her  two  prizes.  She  brought  news  of  a  Portuguese  fleet 
of  eight  great  galleons,  besides  frigates,  riding  before  Goa,  whose 
intention  was  to  seek  the  English  in  Swally  Road,  and  if  they  were 
not  there  to  follow  them  to  Persia.  After  consultation  it  was 
decided  to  return  to  Swally,  in  order  to  secure  the  William  and 
the  Blessing.  The  Dutch,  however,  refused  to  wait,  and  so  the  two 
fleets  parted  on  the  afternoon  of  the  1 9th.    The  sound  of  their  salutes 


8o  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

being  heard  at  Swally,  the  William  and  the  Blessing,  imagining 
a  fight  was  in  progress,  came  out  to  join  them.  They  all  met 
off  the  Bar  of  Surat  on  the  21st,  when  a  letter  was  dispatched 
to  the  President  and  Council  for  instructions.  Their  decision 
was  that  the  Williavi  and  the  Blessing  should  put  to  sea  with 
the  rest,  as  if  intending  to  go  to  Persia  Avith  them,  but  should 
merely  wait  out  at  sea  for  fifteen  days  and  then  return  to 
Swally  to  complete  their  lading.  Accordingly  they  all  sailed  on 
November  29,  and  two  days  later  the  two  ships  were  left  behind. 
On  December  13  a  junk  was  captured,  bound  for  Muskat 
with  cotton  wool,  dutties,  and  grain,  having  four  Portuguese  on 
board.  Anchored  at  Jask  on  the  i8th,  leaving  again  on  the  20th. 
On  the  27th  they  saw  Ruy  Freire's  squadron  of  frigates,  engaged 
in  the  blockade  of  Ormus  ;  and  the  following  day  they  reached 
Gombroon  Road,  w'here  they  found  the  Dutch  fleet  at  anchor,  and 
were  joyfully  received  by  the  Persians.  Friction  between  the 
Governor  and  the  Dutch.  On  January  17  Weddell  went  over  to 
Orm-us  to  ballast  his  ships.  '  Wee  vewed  the  towne,  which  although 
it  bee  unhabeted  yet  it  is  not  much  ruened,  the  Sultan  suffaringe 
not  a  sticke  to  bee  puld  downe  out  of  aney  house.  The  Castell 
is  verey  well  repared  and  somthinge  better,  in  respect  of  a  moate 
which  the  Persian  hath  new  diged  and  sertaine  lowe  fronters 
agmented.'  Returned  to  Gombroon  January  25.  'The  Persian 
begineth  to  bee  werey  of  keeping  Ormuse,  in  respect  thaye  have 
noe  shippinge  to  maintane  trayed  or  defend  themselves  from  in- 
vation  of  the  Portingalls,  insomuch  that  Mr.  Barker  is  certainely 
perswaded,  if  it  should  bee  demanded  by  the  English,  it  would  bee 
assigned  unto  them.'  The  factors  receive  the  moiety  of  the  customs 
still.  The  Persians  offered  first  300  and  then  600  tumans  if  the 
English  would  co-operate  in  an  expedition  to  Muskat,  but  Kerridge 
refused  in  view  of  the  expected  arrival  of  the  Portuguese  fleet.  On 
the  30th  they  heard  from  a  frigate  that  the  fleet  was  on  its  way, 
and  the  next  morning  eight  galleons  and  a  number  of  frigates  hove 
in  sight.  The  English  at  once  put  out  to  meet  them,  but  at  sunset 
the  wind  fell  calm  and  the  ships  were  forced  to  anchor.  The  Dutch 
commander,  Albert  Becker,  sent  to  inquire  Weddell's  intentions, 
and  was  told  he  was  determined  to  fight  it  out  to  the  last.  The 
Dutch  replied  that  they  meant  to  do  the  same,  and  '  would  sticke  as 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  8i 

close  unto  us  as  the  sherts  one  our  backs,  wee  promisinge  the  like 
unto  them.'  A  true  and  exact  relation  of  the  fight  against  eight 
galleons  and  sixteen  frigates  on  February  i,  3,  and  14.  The  Dutch 
commander  made  the  first  shot  at  the  Portuguese  admiral.  As 
soon  as  the  English  got  into  action  it  fell  calm,  and  for  four  or  five 
hours  the  opposing  fleets  drifted  up  and  down,  '  peltinge  one 
another  '  whenever  possible.  In  the  afternoon  a  breeze  sprang  up, 
and  the  Portuguese  admiral  and  vice-admiral  attempted  to  board 
the  James  simultaneously  ;  but  Weddell  bore  up  under  the  stern  of 
the  former  and  raked  him  fore  and  aft  with  his  whole  broadside. 
The  fight  continued  until  five,  the  James  firing  600  to  700  shot  and 
losing  six  men  killed,  besides  one  or  two  mortally  wounded.  The 
Dutch  commander  was  slain  in  this  day's  fight.  On  the  2nd  the 
wind  was  with  the  Portuguese,  but  they  made  no  attempt  to  engage. 
The  allies  were  then  busy  repairing  damages,  but  at  a  joint  con- 
sultation in  the  afternoon  it  was  determined  to  fight  again  on  the 
morrow,  and  to  make  specially  for  the  enemy's  admiral.  Accord- 
ingly next  day,  having  the  weather-gage,  they  attacked.  The  James 
was  surrounded  by  the  Portuguese, '  who  behaved  themselves  verey 
stoutley,'  '  but  our  men  so  plyed  ther  ordnance  upon  them  that 
thaye  all  refused  to  staye  by  us,  but  fled  all  afore  us  as  smocke 
afore  the  wynd.'  Johnson,  in  the  Eagle,  failed  to  support  Weddell 
effectively.  The  James  fired  over  1,000  shot  this  day  and  received 
not  less  than  400.  Of  her  crew  four  were  killed  and  three  maimed ; 
and  '  at  sonsett  wee  ware  so  faint  and  v/erey  that  our  menn  began  to 
drop  downe  for  verey  faintnes '.  A  prize  had  been  fitted  up  as  a  fire- 
ship,  but  being  chased  by  the  Portuguese  frigates  the  men  on  board 
were  forced  to  abandon  her  in  an  unsuitable  position,  after  setting 
her  alight,  and  she  nearly  fired  some  of  their  own  ships.  On  the 
4th  the  galleons  sailed  or  were  towed  by  their  frigates  over  to 
Larak,  whither  the  allies  could  not  follow  for  want  of  wind,  and  so 
returned  to  Gombroon  to  repair  damages.  During  the  two  days' 
fight,  Mr.  Barker  and  the  Sultan  of  Gombroon,  sitting  upon  their 
houses,  counted  16,000  shot,  but  on  the  second  day  the  ordnance 
went  off  so  fast  that  they  lost  count ;  yet  the  Sultan  imagined 
17,000  to  be  the  least,  and  so  informed  the  King  and  the  Khan. 
The  Sultan  sent  off  provisions  ready  dressed  to  the  ships,  together 
with  a  supply  of  powder ;    and   Weddell  lent   the  Dutch  thirty 

FOSTER  III  G 


8a  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

barrels  of  the  latter.  On  the  13th  the  whole  fleet  sailed  at  day- 
break and  made  for  the  Portuguese,  who  at  once  put  to  sea.  At 
sunset  the  allies  overtook  them  and  kept  company  all  night.  In 
the  morning  Weddell  was  forced  to  wait  for  the  Dutch,  and  the 
Portuguese  got  considerably  ahead  ;  but  by  the  afternoon  they 
were  again  overhauled,  some  six  leagues  south-east  of  Cape 
'  Mousondon  '  [Musandam].  The  James  attacked  the  admiral,  and 
'  fell  to  it  pell  mell,  our  ordnance  gowinge  of  as  fast  as  smale  shott '. 
After  a  stout  fight,  the  enemy  made  for  the  Arabian  shore.  The 
allies  chased  them  for  a  little  while  and  then  resumed  their  voyage 
for  Surat.  Their  reasons  for  abandoning  the  chase  were  (i)  the 
short  time  left  to  get  their  cargoes  discharged  at  Surat  in  time  to 
save  the  monsoon,  and  (2)  their  scarcity  of  ammunition,  the  English 
having  but  21  barrels  of  powder,  500  cartridges,  and  600  shot  left, 
and  the  Dutch  being  in  still  worse  condition.  The  James  in  the 
last  fight  lost  but  one  man,  and  fired  over  400  shot.  One  of  the 
Portuguese  prisoners  escaped  ;  the  rest  were  released  at  Surat,  as 
also  the  natives  captured  in  the  junk.  The  bar  of  Swally  was 
reached  on  March  6,  1625,  and  two  days  later  they  anchored  in  the 
road.  On  April  2  the  James  and  Jonas  went  out  again,  and  three 
days  later  the  Star  was  got  over  the  bar.  The  President  came  on 
board  with  news  that  the  Anne  was  at  Mokha,  very  leaky  and 
with  only  forty  men  left.  It  was  therefore  decided  to  shift  the 
cargo  of  the  Jonas  to  the  James,  and  dispatch  the  former  to  the 
Red  Sea,  which  was  done  on  April  9.  The  Scout  had  already  been 
sent  to  the  African  coast  and  Socotra  to  inquire  for  the  Anne.  The 
Eagle  is  bound  for  Achin,  and  thence  through  the  Straits  of  Malacca 
to  Batavia.  The  Spy  and  a  frigate  captured  in  the  late  cruise  will 
accompany  the  James  to  Batavia,  where  the  frigate  will  be  left. 
The  main  orlop  and  upper  deck  of  the  James  were  so  much  de- 
cayed that  during  the  recent  fight  the  men  on  the  middle  deck 
thought  that  the  guns  would  fall  through  on  top  of  them.  Weddell 
has  now  replanked  her.  Luckily  she  is  a  stout  ship  between  wind 
and  water,  for  she  received  at  least  twenty  great  shot  there  without 
serious  damage.  The  Portuguese  aimed  especially  at  the  rigging, 
but  neither  the  Dutch  nor  the  English  lost  a  mast  or  a  yard,  though 
their  sails  were  rendered  unserviceable.  The  enemy's  admiral  lost 
mizenmast,  topmast,  and  flagstaff;  the  vice-admiral  had  a  topmast 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  83 

shot  away  ;  and  the  rest  suffered  in  proportion.  '  Thus  it  pleased 
God  to  curbe  ther  pride.'  The  bread  supplied  to  the  fleet  was  so 
bad  that  half  had  to  be  thrown  overboard,  but  they  got  a  better 
supply  at  Surat ;  'one  cake  backed  heer  is  worth  three  brought  out 
with  us.'  It  is  also  cheaper  ;  so  he  advises  that  ships  should  regularly 
provision  in  India.  The  beef  is  better  than  it  has  been.  Their  wine 
'  in  respect  of  our  fight  is  much  spent '  ;  a  further  supply  should  be 
sent.  They  hope  to  replenish  their  store  of  ammunition  at  Batavia  ; 
more  should  be  provided  in  future.  The  white  wine  kept  well  and 
preserved  the  men  in  health.  The  plaster  of  Paris  sent  in  the  Star 
could  have  been  had  much  better  at  Surat;  and  it  is  a  very 
pestering  commodity.  He  hopes  to  sheathe  the  James  at  Batavia. 
Since  leaving  Surat  the  wind  has  been  unfavourable,  and  he  fears 
the  voyage  will  be  a  long  one.  /'..S.— The  Dutch,  instead  of 
ballasting  with  stones,  carry  saltpetre,  which  may  be  had  very 
cheap.  He  has  informed  Kerridge,  who  has  promised  to  have 
a  supply  ready  for  the  next  ships  dispatched  to  England.  Since 
concluding  his  letter,  he  has  taken  (April  21)  a  Cochin  junk,  laden 
with  corn,  and  carrying  letters,  from  which  he  learned  that  '  the 
Portin[gall]  would  not  out  the  Gulfe  tell  hee  had  taken  Ormuse  ; 
so  that  I  thincke  wee  shall  have  more  to  doe  with  him  '.  The  practice 
of  sending  two  pinnaces  with  each  fleet  should  be  continued,  '  for 
ther  maye  not  a  boate  passe  upon  the  coast  but  [with]  ther  helpe 
wee  maye  speacke  with  them  ;  so  that  now  wee  have  above  80 
blacks  workinge  in  our  shipps,  of  whome,  if  ther  shall  be  aney  want 
in  Batavea,  wee  will  leave  the  greatest  part  th[ere]  ;  the  rest  for 
Suratt.'  The  pinnaces  should  be  fitted  to  carry  eight  long  minions 
and  will  then  be  found  very  useful.  Has  sent  another  letter  by  the 
Maagd  van  Dort,  as  she  sails  better  than  the  Star  and  may  there- 
fore arrive  before  her.     {Seal.     9  //.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  April  27,  1625  {O.C.  1172). 

Has  the  originals  of  the  following,  which  are  at  the  Company's 
service  if  needed :  (i)  From  the  Khan  of  Shiraz  to  the  Captain- 
General  of  the  English  Fleet.  Was  glad  to  hear  of  his  arrival 
at  '  Bander  Abausee '  [Bandar  AbbasI,  i.  e.  Gombroon].  Trusts  he 
will  continue  their  former  friendship.  Requests  that  he  will  com- 
municate his  wishes  to  the  Governor,  '  Sewendouk  Sultan  '  \see  the 

G  2 


84  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

previous  volume,  p.  31],  who  will  act  accordingly.  Will  be  glad  to 
hear  from  him  '  anything  requisite  my  knowledge  '.  (2)  From  the 
Imam  Qui!  Beg  to  Weddell  and  his  companions.  Welcomes  the 
arrival  of  the  fleet.  Any  business  Weddell  has  shall  be  effected 
on  notice  being  given.     Hopes  to  see  him  shortly. 

Encloses  also  a  relation  of  two  Portugals  born  in  Ormus.^  Ruy 
Freire  has  besieged  Ormus  for  ten  months  with  18  frigates,  cutting 
off  all  supplies.  He  wrote  to  the  King,  offering  to  buy  it,  but  the 
latter  replied  '  hee  had  wonn  it  with  the  sword  and  he  would  hold 
it '.  The  Dutch  also  (by  report)  have  asked  for  its  cession,  under- 
taking to  people  and  defend  it.  To  this  the  King  answered  that 
the  English  had  an  interest  therein,  and  he  could  not  wrong  them 
by  disposing  of  it  unless  they  had  previously  refused  it.  About 
twelve  years  ago  a  captain  of  a  frigate  made  a  voyage  for  pearl  off 
the  south-west  point  of  Larak,  with  great  success.  May  is  the 
month  for  pearl-fishing.  The  chief  place  for  this  industry  is 
'  Barrine '  [Bahrain],  which  was  captured  by  the  King  of  Persia 
some  twenty  years  since.  Only  small  vessels  can  anchor  there. 
There  are  other  places  suitable,  such  as  '  Cativa '  [Al  Katif],  known 
to  any  Arab  pilot.  The  informant,  on  being  shown  an  English 
dredge,  thought  that  it  would  be  very  useful  for  such  work.  The 
Gulf  is  very  shallow  within  two  days'  sail  of  Basra,  and  cannot  there 
be  navigated  without  a  pilot.  The  Persian  coast  extends  for  about 
ten  days'  sail.  From  Gombroon  to  '  Congoe '  [Kung]  is  twenty 
leagues.  The  deepest  water  is  on  the  Arabian  side.  *  Shenaz ' 
[Shinas]  is  seven  leagues  further ;  '  Nicholu '  [Nakhllu]  another 
40  leagues ;  and  '  Asselu '  [Aslu]  ten  leagues  further  still.  The 
common  people  would  gladly  see  the  English  settle  at  Ormus, 
when  trade  would  doubtless  revive.  The  Persians  have  bravely 
defended  that  island.  They  cut  off  about  100  Portuguese  who  had 
landed  to  get  water,  twenty-eight  being  slain  and  three  captured, 
including  a  kinsman  of  Ruy  Freire.  On  the  arrival  of  the  English 
the  Portuguese  frigates  retired  to  Larak,  where  they  have  built 
a  small  fort  with  four  guns  and  have  endeavoured  to  divert  trade 
thither.  Ruy  Freire  is  supported  by  the  Arabs  and  some  revolted 
Persians,  and  has  ruined  many  of  the  ports  between  Jask  and 
Gombroon.     He  reported  to  the  Governor  of  the  latter  place  that 

1  There  is  a  copy  of  this  at  the  Public  Record  Office  i^East  Indies,  vol.  iii.  no.  73). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  85 

the  English  commanders  who  took  Ormus  had  had  their  heads  cut 
off;  that  the  Prince  was  marrying  the  Infanta;  and  that  the  King 
of  England  had  promised  to  send  a  fleet  to  re-establish  the  Portuguese 
in  Ormus.  Had  not  the  English  arrived  when  they  did,  Ormus 
would  soon  have  been  in  great  need  of  water.  The  King  of  Ormus 
is  living  at  Shlraz,  the  'Duke'  allowing  him  a  '  damon  '  [tuman] 
a  day  and  a  fair  house  and  garden  ;  but  his  Wazir  '  Ricenorad  ' 
[Rals  Murad?]  was  beheaded  for  having  sent  his  treasure  to  Muskat 
in  the  Portuguese  frigates. 

The  Persians  have  built  a  castle  at  Gombroon  close  by  the 
waterside,  using  stones  from  the  ruined  houses  in  the  suburbs  of 
Ormus,  They  have  not  defaced  or  demolished  any  houses  in  the  city 
itself,^  '  in  expectacion  of  the  English,'  though  Captain  Hall  refused 
to  satisfy  their  demands.     {Endorsed  as  received  by  the  Star.     3//.) 

Notes  of  the  Fights  in  the  Persian  Gulf  [O.C.  1175). 

Names  of  the  men  slain  in  the  Royal  James  (13),  Jonas  (11), 
Star  (4),  and  Eagle  (i) :  total  29.  The  Portuguese  vessels  had 
from  sixty-five  guns  downwards  \_see  note  4  on  p.  50],  and  their  men 
were  three  times  as  numerous  as  ours.  The  Dutch  lost  nearly  as 
many  as  the  English,  including  their  commander,  Albert  Becker. 
The  Portuguese  loss  was  reported  by  the  natives  at  about  800  men, 
including  (it  is  thought)  their  leader.  About  20,000  shot  were 
spent  'in  the  three  fleets.  The  James  received  about  450  shot. 
She  was  forced  to  borrow  at  Surat  from  the  Jonas  and  Blessing, 
and  to  leave  the  gunner  of  the  former  behind  to  cast  more  shot. 
Carpenters  much  needed  in  the  Indies  ;  the  James  had  only  thirteen, 
and  four  of  these  were  slain,     (i  /.) 

John  Johnson,  Master  of  the  Eagle^  to  the  Company, 
April  27,  1625  [O.C.  1193). 

Narrates  their  voyage  to  Persia  and  the  encounters  with  the 
Portuguese  there.  In  the  first  fight  the  largest  of  the  enemy's 
ships,  a  galleon  built  at  Damaun,  lost  her  mainmast,  and  had  her 

^  In  later  years  the  ruins  of  Ormus  were  freely  drawn  upon  for  building  materials,  and 
apparently  the  practice  is  still  maintained,  for  according  to  an  article  in  the  Geographical 
Journal  for  February,  1908,  the  new  British  Consulate  at  Bandar  Abbasi  has  been  con- 
structed of  stones  obtained  from  that  source. 


86  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

foremast  rendered  unserviceable.  On  February  3  Captain  Weddell 
took  the  lead,  as  the  Dutch  had  complained  that  '  he  did  little  the 
first  dayes  fighte '.  This  time  the  Portuguese  vice-admiral's  main- 
topmast  was  shot  away,  and  of  the  rest  only  two  had  topmasts 
standing ;  but  their  greatest  loss  was  the  death  of  their  General, 
'  Donallve  Botellowe,'  and  of  his  second  in  command  [see  p.  50]. 
The  next  day  the  Dons  took  refuge  at  Larak,  while  the  allies 
anchored  at  Gombroon.  Departed  on  February  13.  The  Portu- 
guese, either  fearing  that  they  had  with  them  a  Persian  force  to 
land  on  the  island,  or  thinking  that  some  fire  stratagem  was 
intended,  stood  out  to  sea.  The  English  and  Dutch  overtook  them 
about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  the  14th,  and  the  two  fleets 
fought  till  sunset.  They  then  proceeded  to  Surat.  {Damaged. 
Endorsed  as  received  by  the  Star.     ^\pp) 

President  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at 
Ahmad ABAD,  April  30,  1625  [O.C.  1194). 

Has  received  his  of  the  17th  and  21st.  Approves  his  reasons  for 
going  by  way  of  Cambay,  and  rejoices  at  his  fortune  in  meeting 
'  Gourdas '  [Gurdas]  there.  Knows  his  jewels  will  be  bought,  but 
is  most  anxious  to  put  off  his  tapestry  ;  the  prices  he  leaves  to 
Bangham's  discretion.     ( WitJi  the  seal  of  the  Company.     \  p.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  May  7,  1625  [O.C.  1195). 

Notes  the  goods  sold  by  him  to  '  Meer  Moosa '  and  their  prices  ; 
wishes  the  rest  were  got  rid  of  at  the  same  rates,  though  the  profit 
is  not  great.  Thinks  the  Governor  will  desire  the  jewels,  for  he 
cannot  get  any  cheaper  from  the  Portuguese.  Were  they  all  his 
own,  Kerridge  '  would  not  abate  him  a  pice ',  but  as  they  are  '  in 
partnershipp  '  he  will  leave  the  price  to  Bangham's  discretion. 
The  tapestry  should  not  be  shown  until  the  last.  Awaits  his 
advice  concerning  '  the  Scotch  pearle '.  The  general  letter  will 
show  their  purpose  concerning  his  employment  at  court.  Intends 
to  come  up  to  Ahmadabad  with  Hopkinson,  who  starts  within 
fifteen  days  ;  so  he  may  see  Bangham  before  his  departure.  P.S. — 
Will  write  to '  Gourdas  '  later.  ( With  the  Company  s  seal.  Damaged. 
Endorsed  as  ansivered  on  the  14th.     i^  pp.) 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  87 

John  Bangham  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  May  13,  1625  {O.C.  1196). 

Has  received  their  directions  as  to  his  '  court  imployment ',  in 
which  he  will  do  his  best ;  but  he  hopes  they  will  consider  his 
small  means,  '  having  served  many  yeares  for  litle  wages,'  and  his 
new  employment  being  long,  tedious,  and  chargeable.  Is  waiting 
to  show  the  emeralds  to  '  Meer  Mooza  ',  who  is  to  settle  to-morrow 
whether  he  will  keep  Sir  Francis  Crane's  tapestry.  Some  report 
that  he  will  leave  this  place  at  the  new  moon  ;  others  that  he  will 
await  the  first  rainfall.  Should  he  refuse  the  tapestry,  &c.,  Bangham 
will  probably  proceed  in  his  company.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  May  17,  1625  {O.C.  1197). 

'  Meer  Mooza  '  offers  2,500  rupees  for  the  emeralds.  Entreats 
early  instructions,  for  several  showers  have  fallen,  which  will  hasten 
.  his  departure ;  and  unless  an  answer  comes,  Bangham  must  go 
with  him,  for  there  is  no  other  likely  customer  in  this  place,  and  no 
other  caravan  is  expected  to  set  out  for  Agra  for  some  time. 
Nothing  yet  settled  about  the  tapestry.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  May  26, 1625  {O.C.  1198}. 

'  Meer  Moza '  has  returned  Crane's  tapestry.  The  most  he 
offered  was  45  rupees  '  the  long  covedo '  [Port,  covado,  cubit  or  ell], 
which  they  refused.  The  Company's  tapestry  he  will  not  buy,  as 
it  is  too  coarse  for  him.  So  all  is  now  packed  up  in  cotton  wool, 
'treble  momjama'  [Hind,  momjdma,  wax-cloth],  and  skins,  to 
preserve  it  against  the  wet.  Trusts  they  have  increased  his  salary, 
as  desired.     {Copy.     |/.) 

President  Kerridge  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the 
Factors  in  Persia,  May  26,  1625  {Factory  Records,  Persia, 
vol.  i.  p.  170). 

Narrate  the  skirmish  between  Weddell's  fleet  and  the  Portuguese 
squadron  [on  February  14].  The  English  lost  three  men.  The 
Dutch  Maagd  van  Dort,  wherein  was  the  Ambassador  [for  Holland], 
suffered  severely,  losing  three  or  four  men  killed,  and  more  wounded. 
It  is  said  that  three  of  the  galleons  have  now  come  to  Goa  for 


88  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

repairs,  and  that  the  other  five  have  gone  or  are  going  to  Ormus. 
The  fleet  reached  Surat  on  March  8,  and  found  that  the  William 
and  the  Blessing  had  left  on  February  15.  These  ships  were 
delayed  by  the  necessity  of  going  to  sea  for  a  time  to  avoid  the 
Portuguese.  The  latter  sighted  them,  but  did  not  attempt  to  give 
chase.  Messrs.  Rastell  and  James  departed  for  England  in  the 
Williavi  and  the  Blessvig.  The  surplus  pepper  and  indigo,  with 
some  extra  pepper  and  calicoes,  sufficed  to  lade  the  Star,  which 
was  dispatched  to  England  on  April  14.  The  silk  and  the  King  of 
Persia's  ambassador  and  merchant  were  also  sent  in  her,  with  so 
many  of  their  servants  as  had  not  run  away.  They  gave  much 
trouble  by  their  '  proud  carriadge '  and  complaints  as  to  their 
accommodation.  '  In  like  manner  they  continued  heere  ashoare, 
though  wee  supplyed  the  ambassador  with  a  pleasant  howse  and 
garden  ;  the  marchant  ^  tooke  a  howse  alone,  and  would  also  bee 
great ;  yett  neyther  of  them  [had  ?]  aney  money  to  expend.' 
They  expected  the  English  to  bear  all  their  charges,  both  on 
sea  and  land  ;  and  the  ambassador  was  very  insolent, '  upbraydinge 
us  with  the  curtesies  and  honnour  you  received  in  Persia.'  There 
is  slight  prospect  of  any  benefit  to  the  Company  from  this  embassy. 
'  Musaph  Beage  '  ^  sailed  for  Holland  in  the  Maagd  van  Dort.  He 
behaved  much  better  than  '  our  ambassador ',  with  whom  he  had 
some  disputes.  Intelligence  arriving  that  the  Anne  was  at  Mokha, 
the  Jonas  was  dispatched  to  her  assistance.  The  Scout  had 
previously  been  sent  to  Socotra  for  the  same  purpose,  and  probably 
all  three  will  return  together.  The  James,  Spy,  and  a  pinnace 
have  gone  to  Batavia,  and  the  Eagle  to  Achin.  The  Dutch  at 
Surat  have  sent  for  a  strong  squadron  to  encounter  the  Portuguese ; 
so  that  probably  a  larger  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  will  come  to  Gombroon 
next  season  than  '  that  imployment  doth  merritt,  whereto  the 
customes  of  Gombroone  is  a  poore  inducement,  our  last  fleete 
haveinge  spent  5,000/.  starling  in  powder  and  shott '.  The  powder 
supplied  by  the  Persians  was  almost  useless,  and  it  would  be  well 

^  His  name  appears  to  have  been  Khwaja  Muhammad  Shahsuwar.  He  died  during  his 
visit  to  England,  and  was  buried  in  London. 

^  The  Persian  ambassador  to  Holland  already  mentioned.  Van  den  Broeck  calls  him 
'Mossabeck'  in  his  Voyagie,  and  '  Mousa  Beyck'  in  a  letter  to  the  Dutch  Company 
i^Hague  Transcripts ,  series  i.  vol.  vii.  no.  228).     Probably  Musa  Beg  is  the  right  form. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  89 

to  get  a  farman  for  the  provision  in  future  of  Some  of  better 
quality.  They  must  not  expect  much  of  a  cargo  next  year,  for 
the  Surat  factory  has  scarcely  means  enough  to  pay  its  debts,  and 
moreover  the  provision  of  goods  for  England  must  take  precedence 
of  everything  else.  The  runas  sent  this  year  is  still  unsold,  not 
being  worth  its  prime  cost.  There  was  also  an  excessive  loss  in 
its  weight.  No  more  to  be  sent  without  special  orders.  Request 
some  Shiraz  wine  and  rosewater  for  presents.  This  letter  has 
been  entrusted  to  an  Armenian,  who  has  been  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Malabars,  the  Portuguese,  and  the  English  in  turn,  and  is  going 
to  Persia  overland.^     {Copy.     2\pp.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Hopkinson,  Wylde,  and  Hoare,  May  30,  1625 
{Factory  Records,  Stcrat,  vol.  i.  p.  98). 

It  is  recalled  that  Mr.  Young  solicited  the  late  President  for  per- 
mission to  return  to  England,  but  was  begged  in  reply  to  remain  as 
agent  at  court  until  Kerridge's  return  from  Persia.  He,  however, 
left  his  post  before  the  receipt  of  this  letter,  and  deputed  Willoughby 
(though  he  had  formerly  accused  him  of  unfaithfulness)  to  act  in 
his  stead.  It  is  now  resolved  to  send  John  Bangham  thither  as 
agent  and  to  allow  him  400  mahm.udis  per  annum  ('  the  thirds  of 
his  present  salarye  being  not  competent  in  fitting  manner  to  beare 
the  necessary  expences  of  his  residence'),  to  commence  from  his 
leaving  Ahmadabad.     (|  /.) 

Robert  Young,  John  Leachland,  John  Bangham,  and 
Gregory  Clement  at  'Cally  Tullawry'  to  the  Presi- 
dent AND  Council  at  Surat,  June  18,  1625  {O.C.  1199). 

The  emeralds  having  been  valued  by  other  jewellers  as  worth 
from  four  to  five  rupees  the  'ruttee',^  they  were  again  offered,  as 
directed,  to  '  Meer  Moza ',  but  he  has  absolutely  refused  them. 
They  weigh  40  '  rutties '  apiece,  without  the  setting.  Bangham 
will  endeavour  their  sale  at  Agra  or  the  court.     '  ]\Ieer  Moza  is 

*  Apparently  he  did  not  fulfil  his  mission,  for  the  present  copy  is  from  a  duplicate 
received  on  November  30,  by  the  pinnace  Spy. 

'  Hind,  rait,  the  seed  of  Abrus  precatorius,  used  as  a  goldsmith's  weight. 


90  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

gonn  hence  three  course  to  Cally  Tullawry,'  ^  and  will  probably 
start  immediately  on  his  journey.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Wvlde,  Hoare,  and  Page,  July  id,  1625  {Factory 
Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  98). 

The  Company,  finding  the  Deccan  pepper  received  from  Surat 
to  be  better  than  any  obtained  elsewhere,  has  ordered  the  provision 
of  larger  quantities,  '  even  to  the  sole  lading  of  a  ship  or  more  of 
good  burthen.'  The  President  has  accordingly  been  in  treaty  with 
'  Vergee  Vora ',  '  a  prime  marchant  of  this  towne  ',  for  10,000/.  worth 
at  16  mahmudis  the  maund  ;  but  the  latter  demands  16^  mahmudls, 
and  requires  as  part  of  the  bargain  the  sale  to  him  of  25  chests  of 
their  best  coral  at  a  price  which  would  seriously  diminish  the  expected 
profit.  Meanwhile  he  has  engrossed  all  the  pepper  brought  in  by 
'  the  Decannee  marchants ',  who  are  not  permitted  to  sell  it  to  any 
other.  To  avoid  being  forced  to  give  him  his  terms,  it  is  resolved 
to  send  the  broker  '  Hirgee  '  [Harijl]  secretly  to  the  Deccan  with 
bills  of  credit  for  4,000  rupees  to  see  what  he  can  do.  As  the 
Dutch  make  yearly  investments  in  saltpetre,  both  in  Agra  and 
Ahmadabad,  it  is  determined  to  purchase  in  the  latter  place 
3,000  maunds  for  transport  to  England  by  the  next  shipping. 
(I  /.) 

John  Bangham  at  Dundara^  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  July  17,  1625  {0-C.  1202), 

Wrote  last  from  '  CullwoU '  on  the  25th.  Has  now  reached  this 
place  in  safety,  escaping  '  the  Coolees  [see  previo7ts  vohtme,  p.  153] 
whoe  robb[ed]  some  part  of  the  caffiloe  [see  p.  28]  and  slewe  us 
seven  men '.  A  few  days  ago  he  met  a  peon  returning  from  Agra, 
who  told  him  that  John  Goodwin  and  '  Jadoe '  [Jadu]  were  gone 
with  the  goods  to  Lahore  ;  so  he  intends  to  go  direct  to  the  latter 
place,  especially  as  the  roads  between  Agra  and  Lahore  are  as  yet 
impassable  on  account  of  the  rains  and  very  dangerous  owing  to 
the  strength  of  the   rebels  about  Delhi.     Mix  Musa  is  also  very 

*  Probably  Kali  talao,  about  four  miles  north  of  Ahmadabad.  The  letter  seems  to 
have  been  drafted  at  the  latter  place,  but  signed  and  dated  at  the  former. 

'  '  Doonarra,  three  daies  joumy  beyond  Jalore '  [Jalor].  It  is  the  place  where  the 
Ahmadabad-Ajmer  road  crossed  the  Luni  River. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  91 

importunate  that  Bangham  should  accompany  him  to  Lahore. 
They  go  by  way  of  '  Nagoare '  [Nagaur,  in  Jodhpur  State]. 
Desires  instructions  how  he  shall  proceed  against  Jadu,  who  it 
seems  is  still  employed  in  the  Company's  service ;  also  whether 
any  present  is  to  be  given  to  the  King,  as  he  cannot  be  approached 
empty-handed.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
FROM  Batavia  to  SurAT   {Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix). 

1625,  Angtist  6.  Sailed  from  Batavia  in  company  with  the  S/>y 
and  three  Dutch  ships  (the  Goede  Forttmi,  Nieuw  Bantam,  and 
Engelsche  Beer).  Aiignst  10.  Anchored  at  'Sabacore'  {see  p.  13]. 
Angnst  15.  The  Londo7i  came  in,  bound  for  Batavia.  Atcgnst  16. 
All  sailed.  September!^.  The  5/>;' sent  ahead  to  Surat.  Septem- 
ber 29.  Saw  the  coast  near  Dabhol.  September  30.  Captured  a 
junk  of  about  20  tons,  which  had  been  taken  by  Malabars  five  days 
earlier.  Heard  of  the  arrival  of  the  Jonas,  Anne,  Sec,  and  of  four 
Portuguese  galleons  lying  off  Bassein.  October  3.  Took  a  Malabar 
junk,  but  released  her, '  being  shee  did  lade  in  the  Magulls  cuntrey.' 
October  13.  Met  a  fleet  consisting  of  three  English  and  three  Dutch 
ships.  October  14.  It  was  decided  to  stand  over  to  Diu,  lest  the 
Portuguese  should  have  intercepted  the  fleet  from  England.  The 
Scoict  was  sent  to  Surat.  October  16.  Saw  Diu,  but  the  Portuguese 
squadron  was  not  there.  October  19.  It  was  determined  to  make 
for  Surat.  October  23.  Reached  the  Bar  of  Swally,  where  the 
President  and  two  merchants  came  on  board.  October  27.  The 
three  Dutch  ships  came  into  the  Hole  with  news  that  the  Portuguese 
fleet  was  riding  about  Bassein,  '  tottered  and  torne '  after  its  fight 
with  the  Palsgrave,  Dolphin,  and  Lio7i.  October  28.  The  Spy  was 
sent  to  Persia  in  search  of  the  fleet.     (7  //.) 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xl). 

1625,  August  6.  The  fleet  sailed.  Atigttst  10.  Put  into  Sebuku. 
Atigust  15.  The  Londo7i  (from  England)  anchored  by  them. 
Atigust  16.  Sailed  again.  September  15.  The  pinnace  was  sent 
to  Surat  with  letters.  September  29.  Made  the  coast  of  India  to 
the  southwards  of  Dabhol.      September  30.     Overhauled  a  junk, 


92  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

which  gave  them  news  from  Surat.  October  3.  Took  a  IMalabar 
junk  from  Cambay,  but  released  her.  October  13.  Met  three  Dutch 
ships,  with  the  Jonas,  Anne,  and  a  pinnace  from  the  Red  Sea. 
October  14.  With  the  consent  of  the  Dutch,  the  whole  fleet  made 
for  Diu,  except  the  pinnace,  which  was  sent  to  Surat.  October  16. 
Found  that  the  Portuguese  fleet  was  not  at  Diu ;  so  stood  away 
after  dark.  October  19.  Directed  their  course  for  Surat.  October  23. 
Anchored  in  Swally  Road.  October  25,  Sighted  the  three  Dutch 
ships  that  had  left  Batavia  at  the  same  time  as  the  James. 
October  28.    The  Scont  \shonld  be  Sp^^^  sailed  for  Persia.     (5  //.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Wylde,  Hoare,  and  Page,  August  19,  1625 
{^Factory  Records,  Stirat,  vol.  i.  p.  99). 

An  offer  from  certain  merchants  of  Ahmadabad  to  purchase  the 
quicksilver  in  the  next  fleet  (up  to  400  maunds)  at  100  rupees  per 
maund  is  declined,  as  it  can  be  sold  to  better  advantage  at  Surat. 
It  is  decided  to  defer  any  investment  in  indigo  at  Ahmadabad  until 
after  the  arrival  of  the  fleet.  Finding  that,  following  the  practice 
of  the  '  Moore  marchants ',  the  house-brokers  now  take  2  per  cent, 
for  brokerage  on  the  calicoes  bought  in  the  factory,  whereas  they 
formerly  took  but  one,  it  is  ordered  that  in  future  they  shall  take 
the  2  per  cent,  but  shall  pay  half  of  it  into  the  Company's  account, 
'  insomuch  as  one  of  those  taken  by  the  Moore  brokers  is  by  them 
paid  into  the  Custome  house,  and  therefore  is  in  effect  but  one  per 
cent.,  but  our  masters  doe  there  paye  that  one  per  cento  to  the 
Customer,  which  accomplisheth  3^  per  cento,  whereas  the  Moores 
paye  but  2^  per  cento  upon  their  goods  and  the  other  one  is  paid 
at  sale  thereof.'  Further,  whereas  the  pursers  in  buying  provisions 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  taking  one  pice  in  a  mahmudi  (or  more) 
as  'disturye'  [see  p.  32  7iote'\,  in  future  all  such  discounts  are  to  be 
credited  to  the  Company,     (i  p.) 

Goods  to  be  Provided  for  England,  1625  [Ibid.,  vol.  i. 
p.  100). 

Narrow  baftas,  5  ,oco  corge  ;  broad  baftas,  2,500  corge ;  '  dutties 
Dulka,'  2,500  corge ;  baftas  dyed  '  watchett ',  25  corge ;  special 
narrow  baftas,  2co  corge ;   '  seriahs  ',  2co  corge  ;    '  necanees,'  250 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  93 

corge ;  '  dimitties,'  200  pieces  ;  '  quesos  cullered,'  500  pieces  ; 
*  thred  tapseels,'  300  pieces  ;  '  semianos,'  i  ,000  '  chuckree '  [sec  the 
1618-21  volume,  p.  93];  'callicoe  lawnes,'  4,000  pieces ;  'amber- 
trees,'  to  the  value  of  10,000  mahmudis  ;  flat  (Sarkhej)  indigo,  1,334 
bales;  round  (Biana)  indigo,  666  bales  ;  gum-lac,  900  maunds ;  aloes 
Socotrina,  300  maunds ;  preserved  ginger,  30  maunds  ;  '  quilts  of 
cuttany  '  [see  the  1618-21  volume,  p.  10],  40  ;  bloodstones,  5  baskets  ; 
Lahore  carpets,  30.  Total  estimated  cost,  1,264,389  mahmudis,  in 
addition  to  300,000  mahmudis  for  pepper.  Annexed:  List  show- 
ing what  proportion  of  the  above  is  to  be  procured  in  Ahmadabad, 
with  the  addition  of  saltpetre  and  gunpowder.  Total  estimated  cost, 
187,039  mahmudis.     (/;/  all  3  /)/.) 

President  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at 
Court,  September  8,  1625  {p.C.  1205). 

Wrote  last  night,  but  forgot  to  enclose  the  parwana  from  Khwaja 
Abul  Hasan  for  Bangham's  good  usage  at  Samana  ;  this  he  now 
sends.  Mr.  Young  has  stated  that  Asaf  Khan  desires  some  English 
spectacles ;  so  a  case  containing  two  pairs  is  forwarded  for  him. 
Hears  that  he  also  wishes  for  a  surgeon  ;  should  this  be  the  case, 
the  best  in  the  fleet  shall  be  sent  up,  or  one  shall  be  written  for 
expressly  from  England.  Directs  Bangham  to  inform  Asaf  Khan 
and  Khwaja  Abul  Hasan  that  this  instant  '  Nadir  Zaman  '  [Nadir 
uz-Zaman]  has  arrived  from  Goa ;  he  has  begged  that  Bangham 
will  give  his  '  dowa  tesselim  '^  to  them  both  and  certify  them  that 
he  has  brought  those  things  they  desired  him  to  purchase.  He 
also  requests  Khwaja  Abul  Hasan  to  send  him  a  parwana  com- 
manding all  Governors  to  safe-conduct  him  to  Ahmadabad  and 
then  onwards  to  the  'Durbare'  [court:  Pers.  darbdr\  He  has 
brought  two  thrones,  one  for  the  King  and  the  other  for  the 
'  Begum'  [Nur  Jahan  Begam],  which  are  very  heavy  but  very  good. 
{Holograph.  Damaged.  With  an  addition  written  in  Persian  by 
Nadir  uz-Zamdn  to  the  same  effect  as  above.  Endorsed  as  received 
November  29.     i  /.) 

^  Arabic  dud,  benediction  or  good  wishes,  and  taslim,  a  salutation. 


94  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

John  Willoughby  [at  Agra?]  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  September  21,  1625  {O.C.  1206). 

Understands  from  Mr.  Offley  that  Bangham  has  reached  Lahore. 
Wishes  the  latter  had  arrived  before  his  own  departure.  While 
there  he  was  basely  treated  by  John  Goodwin,  and  it  was  baser 
still  of  the  latter  to  write  to  Mr.  Offley  that  he  (Willoughby)  in- 
tended to  run  away,  and  that  Asaf  Khan  had  paid  him  1,300 
rupees  for  the  great  pearl,  which  is  absolutely  false.  '  Donngee ' 
\see  p.  34],  who  received  the  money,  knows  that  it  was  800  rupees 
gross.  Begs  Bangham  to  inquire  into  this  and  write  the  truth. 
{Damaged.     Endorsed  as  received  October  1.     1  p.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  ev  President  Kerridge 
and  Messrs.  Young,  Wylde,  and  Hoare,  September  24, 
1635  [Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  103). 

The  broker  sent  into  the  Deccan  for  pepper  has  been  unable  to 
obtain  any,  '  Virgee  Vora '  having  offered  to  give  the  merchants 
a  quarter  of  a  mahmudl  per  maund  higher  than  the  English  may 
tender.  As  '  Virgee  Vora '  has  now  slightly  modified  his  terms, 
and  there  is  a  fear  lest  the  Dutch  ('  haveing  allready  a  great  estate 
arryved  out  of  Holland  to  be  this  yeare  returned ')  will  interpose 
and  secure  the  pepper,  it  is  decided  to  close  with  him.  Hopkinson 
is  to  be  ordered  to  provide  1,200  'churles'  [bales:  see  the  1618-21 
volume,  p.  60]  of  indigo  immediately  ;  and  the  Agra  factors  are  to 
be  supplied  with  8,000  rupees  to  purchase  Biana  indigo.     (|  />.) 

John  Bangham  at  Lahore  to  his  Father  [in  England], 
September  30,  1625  [O.C.  1207;. 

Wrote  last  from  Surat  by  the  Star,  which  sailed  on  April  14. 
After  that  he  was  ordered  to  Cambay  and  thence  to  Ahmadabad, 
where  he  met  the  bearer  of  these  lines,  their  ancient  friend, 
Mr.  Robert  Young,  who  was  on  his  way  from  the  court  to  take 
his  passage  from  Surat  for  England.  The  President  and  Council 
appointed  Bangham  to  take  Young's  place  as  chief  factor  at  the 
Mogul's  court,  with  an  increase  of  20/.  in  his  wages.  Trusts  his 
brother  Nicholas  has  long  since  reached  home  in  safety.  His 
brother  Edward  went  in  the  James  for  Batavia,  but  is  probably  by 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  95 

this  time  back  in  Surat.  Has  travelled  1,200  miles  to  this  place, 
but  is  in  good  health,  though  he  had  some  sickness  on  the  way. 
Awaits  the  return  of  the  King  from  '  the  could  clymate  of  Cash- 
meer ',  which  by  report  will  be  shortly ;  then  he  must  follow  the 
court  wherever  it  goes.  Has  sent  him  some  agate  hafts  and 
trenchers  by  Mr.  Young.  Commendations  to  his  mother,  his 
brother  Nicholas  and  his  wife,  his  brother  William  and  his  wife, 
his  brother  Larmitt  and  sister  Judith,  Robert,  Elizabeth,  Susan, 
and  other  relatives ;  also  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wright,  Mr.  Abraham 
Decerfe,  Mr.  Morris,  &c.     {Copy,     i  p) 

The  Same  to  Nicholas  Bangham  in  England,  Septem- 
ber 30,  1625  {O.C.  1207  &  1208). 

Wrote  him  by  the  Star,  having  then  returned  from  Persia  with 
his  brother  Edward,  who  has  now  gone  with  Captain  Weddell  to 
Batavia.  Left  Surat  on  April  15  for  Cambay  to  sell  some  tapestry 
and  Abbot's  emeralds  to  the  Governor  there,  but  failed  to  agree 
on  terms.  At  Ahmadabad  he  met  Robert  Young,  in  whose  place 
he  was  sent  to  court.  Reached  Lahore  on  August  29,  where  he 
found  John  Goodwin  with  some  articles  for  sale.  Most  of  what 
they  have  is  tapestry,  for  which  there  is  scarcely  any  other  buyer 
in  the  country  than  the  King.  Expects  more  goods  from  Surat 
and  Agra.  Hopes  to  return  in  a  year  or  two.  There  is  little 
change  since  his  brother  left.  '  Sultan  Ckorom  stands  still  out  in 
rebellion,  notwithstanding  [he]  hathe  been  divers  times  discom- 
fitted  by  his  fathers  forces,  over  the  principall  wherof  Sultaun 
[Parjviz  and  Mahobett  Ckaun  were  genner  [als.  ]  posses- 

sion [Khankhanan  ?]  and  his  son  [  ]  Derrab  [Khan 

]  were  on  the  contrary  [part?].  Mahobett  Ckaun 
c[ut]  off  the  hedd  of  the  sonn  ^  [and]  sent  the  father  p[risoner  to 
the]  King  at  Cashmer,  [where]  hee  had  smale  [  ]•      Hee 

is  at  liberty.  Sultan  Belaukie,^  Cosroes  sonne,  is  [nowe?]  in  favor 
with  his  grand[father]  the  King  ;  but  Assafif  Ckaun  still  sways  the 
kingdom,  and  is  our  greatest  frend.'  For  affairs  at  Surat,  &c., 
refers  him  to  the  returning  factors.  Commendations  to  friends  and 
relatives.     {Copy.     Damaged,     i^  //.) 

^  See  Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi.  p.  417. 
'  Bulaqi.  son  of  Khusru. 


g6  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

John  Bangham  at  Lahore  to  [John  Benthall  in  Persia, 
September  30,  1625]  (O.C.  1207). 

After  leaving  Gombroon  they  had  another  encounter  with 
the  Portuguese,  who  after  half  a  day's  fight  were  glad  to  make 
for  Muskat.  Reached  Surat  on  March  8,  where  the  Siar  was 
laden  and  dispatched  to  England.  In  her  went  '  Nacddy  Beag ', 
the  Persian  ambassador,  Heynes,  Hutchinson,  and  Captain  Ely.^ 
His  mission  to  Cambay,  Ahmadabad,  and  Lahore.  Was  unable 
to  invest  his  correspondent's  money,  but  hopes  to  do  so  next  year. 
Sums  paid  for  customs  on  his  goods.  Could  not  sell  the  carpet  and 
stuffs  here,  as  they  are  at  present  worth  less  than  at  Gombroon, 
owing  to  great  store  having  come  overland.  For  Surat  news  refers 
him  to  the  factors  there.  Goodwin  sends  his  commendations.  (Copy. 
Damaged,     i  /.) 

The  Same  to  Thomas  Barker  in  Persia,  September  30, 
1625  {O.C.  1207). 

Same  news  as  in  the  preceding  letters.  Left  Barker's  carpets 
at  Ahmadabad  in  the  care  of  Hopkinson.  Charges  paid  on  them. 
The  King  is  on  his  way  back  from  Kashmir.  Khurram  still  in 
rebellion.  It  is  rumoured  that  'hee  will  flie  for  refuge  to  Shaugh ' 
[Abbas  ?],2  but  that  is  unlikely.  Refers  him  to  their  friends  at 
Surat  for  other  news.     {Copy.     Damaged.     %  p.) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  yoiVAS  by  President 
Kerridge,  Messrs.  Wylde  and  Hoare,  Captains  Clevenger 
AND  Goodall,  Eustace  Man,  Joseph  Wills,  and  Robert 
Smith,  October  9,  1625  [Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  104). 

Recently,  upon  the  arrival  of  four  Portuguese  galleons  and 
eleven  frigates  at  the  Bar  of  Swally,  it  was  decided  by  the  Dutch 
and  English  not  to  go  forth,  but  to  await  an  attack  in  the  port. 
Two  days  ago  the  enemy's  fleet  departed,  and  now  news  has  come 
that  it  has  been  seen  in  chase  of  three  ships  lately  arrived  on  the 
coast.    As  it  is  probable  that  the  latter  are  English  ships,  either  from 

'  This  individual  is  not  referred  to  elsewhere,  unless  he  be  the  Thomas  Healy 
mentioned  on  p.  45. 

*  See  Sir  H.  Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi.  p.  432. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  97 

home  or  from  Batavia,  it  is  determined  that  the  vessels  at  Swally 
shall  go  to  their  assistance.  The  three  Dutch  ships  have  undertaken 
to  accompany  the  English.     (|/.) 

COMMISSIOX  AND  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  CAPTAINS  ClEVENGER 
AND  GOODALL  AND  ANDREW  EVANS,  OCTOBER  II,  1625  {Ibid., 
p.   104). 

To  proceed  a:  once  to  sea  in  the  Jonas,  Anne.,  and  Sconi, 
accompanied  by  the  Dutch,  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  expected 
fleet  against  the  Portuguese.  Clevenger  is  appointed  admiral  and 
chief  commander,  assisted  by  a  council  composed  of  Captain 
Goodall,  Eustace  Man,  Andrew  Evans,  William  Eaton,  Joseph 
Wills,  Edmund  Sayers,^  and  Robert  Smith.  To  avoid  disputes 
with  the  Dutch  as  to  precedence,  councils  should  be  held  alternately 
aboard  the  English  and  Dutch  admirals.     {Signed  copy.     '^\pp^ 

President  Hawley  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
Company,  October  13,  1625  {O.C.  121c). 

....  Governor  Speult  arrived  from  Amboyna  on  August  25. 
Hearing  that  he  was  to  depart  for  Surat,  as  General  of  the  fleet 
appointed  for  Persia,  Hawley  and  his  colleagues  protested  against 
his  employment  - ;  but  their  complaints  were  disregarded  and 
Speult  embarked  on  September  4  .  .  .  .  On  August  25  last  they 
dispatched  the  pinnace  Rose  to  Masulipatam  with  20  English  and 
10  blacks  on  board,  and  therein  sent  Air.  Harby's  coral,  with  cloves, 
sandal-wood,  alum  and  ready  money  to  the  amount  of  '^A-:?)'i'h  rials. 
As  the  season  was  far  spent,  she  was  ordered  to  make  but  a  short 
stay.  Last  year  that  factory  was  supplied  with  upwards  of  20,cco 
rials,  and  had  119  bales  of  goods  ready  for  transmission.  Thomas 
Mills  was  very  desirous  to  return  to  England,  but  they  have  urged 
him  to  stay  a  year  longer.  . .  .     {\p-) 

^  Or  Saris.  For  a  notice  of  him  see  Tlie  Voyage  of  John  Saris  to  Japan  (Haklnyt 
Society,  1900),  p.  210. 

*  He  was  the  person  chiefly  responsible  for  the  '  massacre '  of  the  English  factors  at 
Amboyna.     For  the  protest  see  the  Dagh  Register,  1624-29,  p.  190. 


H 


98  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Royal  James  by  Presi- 
dent Kerridge,  Messrs.  Wylde  and  Hoare,  Captains  Wed- 

DELL,  ClEVENGER,  AND  GOODALL,  AND  MESSRS.  MAN,  SWANLEY, 

Eaton,  Sayers,  and  Wills,  October  24,  1625  {Factory  Records, 
Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  106). 

The  English  and  Dutch  squadron  lately  sent  from  Swally  having 
returned  without  seeing  the  Portuguese,  and  it  being  thought  that 
the  fleet  from  England,  in  consequence  of  the  attack,  has  diverted 
its  course  to  Persia  in  the  hope  of  finding  some  English  or  Dutch 
ships  there,  it  is  now  debated  whether  the  James,  Jonas,  and  Anne 
should  be  sent  thither  at  once,  without  waiting  for  the  Dutch,  who 
do  not  intend  to  start  until  their  fleet  from  Batavia  arrives.     As, 
however,  the  '  councell  of  seamen'  avers  that   the  Anne  cannot 
without  great  risk   put  to  sea  until  her  leaks  are  stopped,   and 
as  some  time  must  necessarily  be  spent  in  landing  the  treasure 
from  the  James  and  supplying  her  with   provisions   and   water, 
it  is  decided  to  defer  the  expedition,  and  in  the  meantime  to  push 
on  with  the  repair  of  the  Anne  and  the  Jonas.     The  pinnace  Spy 
is  to  be  at  once  fitted  for  a  voyage,  and  the  pinnace  Scotit  is  to 
be   laid    up   temporarily   at    Surat.     'Peter  Heyleioun'  of  Blois, 
a  fugitive  from  the  Portuguese,'^  is  entertained  as  a  sailor  at  24^-. 
a  month  ;  Peter  Roderick,  '  a  mesticoe '  [Port,  mestico,  half-caste], 
is  to  have  \\s.,  and  Thomas  Muckwooll  \os.  per  month.      The 
pursers    are    to    furnish    a   list    of    sailors,    &c.,   lately   admitted. 

(14  /A) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Wylde  and  Hoare,  October  26,  1625  {Ibid., 
p.  107). 

The  Spy  is  to  be  dispeeded  in  two  days'  time  under  John  Phelps 
to  the  Persian  Gulf  with  letters  for  Captain  Blyth  and  the  factors 
at  Gombroon.  The  Dutch  are  not  to  be  acquainted  with  this 
intention,  lest  they  should  delay  her.     {\p) 

'  This  was  no  doubt  the  'Peter  Hillion,  a  Frenchman ',  mentioned  in  a  note  on  p.  50. 
Taylor  says  that  he  deserted  from  the  Portuguese  during  their  blockade  of  Swally. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


99 


Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council  to  John  Phelps,  October  27,  1625  {Ibid.^ 
p.  108). 

To  sail  as  speedily  as  possible  to  Jask,  and  there  dispatch  an 
Englishman  overland  to  Gombroon  with  the  letters  herewith 
delivered;  then  to  return  forthwith,  endeavouring  on  the  way 
to  meet  with  the  James  and  other  ships  shortly  to  be  sent  to 
Persia.  To  glean  what  intelHgence  he  can  while  at  Jask  regarding 
the  Portuguese.  He  is  not  to  lose  time  in  chasing  vessels  ;  and 
should  he  on  the  outward  voyage  meet  Captain  Blyth's  squadron 
he  is  to  return  with  them  to  Swally.     {Signed  copy,     i  /.) 

President  Kerridge  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the 
Factors  in  Persia,  October  28,  1625  {Factory  Records,  Persia, 
vol.  i.  p.  173). 

'  The  5th  of  September  last  four  Portugall  galliones  arived  att 
Damon,  of  whom  at  their  first  landfall  one  was  cast  awaye  neere 
the  barr  of  St.  Johnes  \see  p.  72].  The  rest,  seekinge  harbour, 
repayred  to  Bombayee  (twixt  Bassieen  and  Chaule),  where  another 
was  cast  awaye  enteringe  the  barr.  The  other  two  went  safely  in  ; 
to  whom  shortly  came  two  other  galliones  and  a  small  vessell,' 
all  of  one  company  sent  forth  from  Mescatt  with  intent  to  wayelaye 
our  shipps  at  their  arivall  on  this  coast ;  but  the  afiforesayd  shipp- 
wracke  and  other  necessities  made  those  remayninge  attend  fayrer 
weather.  The  small  shippe  mencioned,  cominge  agrownd  in  their 
port,  was  also  made  unserviceable.  The  19th  ditto  it  pleased  God 
that  the  Jonas  with  the  Anne  arrived  in  Swally  from  Mocha, 
but  the  latter  soe  leake  that  with  very  much  labour  and  industry 
shee  was  dayly  preserved  from  sinckinge.  The  22th  three  Dutch 
shipps  1  arived  from  the  Neitherlands,  whose  President  heere 
by  intelligence  from  his  Majores^  ascertayned  us  our  masters 
had  prepared  (yf  not  dispeeded)  four  shipps  for  this  place,  whose 
anvall  with  howerly  expectation  wee  long  away  ted.  The  re- 
maynder  of  the  galliones  aforemencioned,  under  command  off 
Nuno  Mores  Bottelio,  beinge  it  seemes  the  four  best  of  that  fleete, 

*  The  Goude  Leeuw,  Heusden,  and  Walchereti. 

*  The  directors  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company  were  so  styled. 

H  2 


loo  THE    ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

the  4th  of  this  present  moneth  ari'ved  at  the  barr  of  Suratt,  and 
thence  to  the  roade  of  Swally,  with  semblance  (it  beeinge  springe 
tides)  to  enter  the  port,  where  both  our  shipps  and  the  Dutch  were 
prepared  for  their  reception ;  ^  whoe,  alteringe  his  decembled  purpose, 
the  jth  ditto  early  sett  sayle  from  thence  with  wind  and  tide 
towards  Damon  ;  when  wee  supposinge  the  approach  of  our  shipps, 
eyther  from  England  or  Battavia,  had  induced  this  his  soe  soddaine 
departure,  wee  perswaded  the  Dutch  to  joyne  with  us  in  persuite, 
at  least  to  observe  the  event  of  this  his  altered  resolution ;  which 
they  alleadginge  was  done  purposly  to  drawe  us  forth  to  encounter 
greater  forces,  utterly  refused.  Two  dayes  affter  wee  had  certayne 
intelligence  of  three  shipps,  eyther  Dutch  or  English,  anchored 
neere  Gundivee,  and  that  the  four  galliones  had  encountered  them  ; 
which  by  sundry  advices  beinge  confirmed,  the  Duch  when  to  late 
were  induced  to  accompany  us,  and  all  five  shipps  the  icth  ditto 
sett  sayle  from  Swally,  and  four  dayes  affter  mett  the  Royal  James 
at  sea  returned  from  Jacquatra  [Batavia].  whoe  with  them  continued 
in  search  both  of  our  friends  and  enimies,  but  findinge  neyther,  the 
22th  corrant  returned  to  their  port  of  Swally,  where  yesterdaye 
arived  also  three  other  Dutch  shipps  whoe,  cominge  with  the 
James  from  Battavia,  lost  company  at  sea,  and  aveereth  to  have 
scene  four  Portugall  galliones  neere  the  shoare  of  Bassiene,  whoe, 
though  to  winwards  of  them,  came  noe  neerer  then  to  descrye  their 
cullours  ;  wherby  it  is  evident  that  the  three  aforemencioned  shipps 
which  fought  were  ouers  from  England.'  The  Javies  brought 
news  that  four  ships  were  coming  to  Surat  from  home  under 
Captain  Blyth,  and  that  Sir  Robert  Sherley  was  expected  to  embark 
in  one  of  them  (the  Lion) :  so  possibly  the  latter  went  to  Persia 
to  land  him,  and  the  rest,  on  being  attacked,  thought  it  best  to 
follow.  The  James  and  Anne  are  now  about  to  be  dispatched 
to  Gombroon,  in  company  with  six  Dutch  ships,  to  rescue  the  new 
arrivals  from  the  Portuguese.  No  supply  of  goods  from  India 
is  to  be  expected  in  Persia  this  year.  The  Surat  factory  is  20,000/. 
in  debt  for  goods  purchased  for  England,  and  the  money  brought 
by  the  James  from  Batavia  will  only  discharge  that  liability.  The 
Company  have  no  doubt  signified  by  the  Lion  their  intentions 
regarding  the  trade  in  Persia.     Nothing  consigned  to  Surat  should 

^  See  Van  den  Broeck's  VoyagU,  p.  io6. 


THE   EXGLISH    FACTORIES  loi 

be  detained  at  Gombroon  on  any  pretext  whatever.  Any  goods 
intended  for  England  should  be  ready  for  embarkation  at  the 
arrival  of  the  James.  The  Jonas  they  intend  to  send  home  im- 
mediately. The  English  plantation  on  Pulo  Lagundy  is  a  failure. 
A  copy  of  this  letter  is  to  be  sent  to  the  Company,  if  possible. 
{Copy.     i\pp) 

John  Benthall  and  George  Smith  at  Gombroon  to  the 
Factors  at  Ispahan,  November  4, 162.5  {Factory  Records,  Persia, 
vol.  i.  p.  168). 

The  Lio)i,  one  of  Blyth's  ships  from  England  to  Surat,  has 
to-day  arrived  here.  Off  Daman  the  fleet  was  attacked  by  four 
Portuguese  galleons,  and  the  Lion,  being  *  a  slug  '  and  her  consorts 
keeping  away,  had  to  bear  the  brunt.  After  several  hours'  fight 
and  the  loss  of  her  master,  gunner,  and  others,  she  made  her 
escape  and  repaired  hither.  They  intend  to  take  ashore  the 
treasure  and  part  of  her  cargo  and  send  her  to  Ormus,  where  she 
may  ride  safely  under  the  defence  of  the  castle.     {Copy.     \  p.) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Anne  by  President 
Kerridge,  Captains  Weddell,  Clevenger  and  Goodall, 
AND  Messrs.  Wylde,  Hoare,  Man,  Swanley,  Wills,  and 
Evans,  November  5,  1625  [Factory  Records,  Snrat,  vol.  i. 
p.  109). 

The  Anne  is  pronounced  unfit  for  a  voyage  to  England,  though 
the  seamen  think  she  may  be  repaired  sufficiently  to  be  employed 
in  these  seas.  The  Jonas  must  therefore  be  sent  home  instead  ; 
but  as  she  will  be  needed  to  accompany  the  other  two  ships  to 
Persia  (the  Dutch  not  being  ready  to  start  for  some  time),  it  is 
decided  to  defer  her  dispatch  until  after  that  expedition.     (|/.) 

John  Benthall,  George  Smith,  and  John  Berriman  at 
Gombroon  to  the  Factors  at  Ispahan,  November  8,  1625 
{Factory  Records,  Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  168). 

The  Lion  was  this  morning  utterly  destroyed  'by  the  force  of 
20  friggotts  and  small  boates,  which  boarded  her  within  shott 
of  the  castle,  soe  plying  their  fireworkes  that  within  an  howers 
space  shee  was  burnt  to  the  water,  and  all  her  men  (except  9  or  10 


loa  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

which  were  ashoare  about  the  shipps  bussines)  lost  eyther  by  fyre  or 
water  or  both  '.  They  had  previously  landed  four  chests  of  rials, 
besides  some  broadcloth  and  coral ;  but  the  rest  of  her  cargo  is  lost. 
Three  other  vessels  are  reported  as  near  at  hand,  which  may  be  the 
rest  of  her  fleet.  Trust  the  Agent  will  hasten  down  to  this  port. 
{Copy.     \p) 

[Joseph  Hopkixsox]  at  Ahmadabad  to  John  Bangham  at 
Court,  [November?]  14,  [1625]  {O.C  121 1). 

Saif  Khan  requests  that  Bangham  will  clear  him  before  the 
Nawab,  &c.,  from  the  accusation  that  the  English  gave  him  the 
horses  as  a  bribe,  whereas  Bangham  knows  he  paid  the  price 
named  for  them,  which  he  desires  to  have  represented  to  Khwaja 
Abul  Hasan  as  44,000  [rupees  ?].  Saif  Khan  says  that  '  the 
Deccannese '  have  laid  claim  to  the  vessel  at  the  darbar,  alleging 
that  it  belonged  to  Chaul,  not  to  Muskat.  To  this  they  replied 
that  it  was  a  lie,  but  that  in  any  case  the  ship  was  lawful  prize, 
as  not  having  an  English  pass.  If  the  Turks  give  any  fresh  trouble 
at  court,  Bangham  may  point  to  the  fact  that  the  English  have 
now  goods  and  persons  in  their  country,  namely,  a  factory  [at 
jNIokha],  Captain  Clevenger  having  been  seized  on  shore  there  with 
nearly  forty  persons  and  forced  to  land  300  bahars  of  pepper.  On 
Captain  Goodall  stopping  the  junks  in  port,  a  compromise  was 
-made  and  Clevenger  and  the  rest  released,  only  three  or  four  being 
left  on  shore  to  settle  a  factory,  which  the  English  will  now  be 
forced  to  visit  yearly.  The  fleet  from  England,  consisting  of  the 
Palsgrave,  Dolphin,  Lion,  and  a  small  ship,  by  report  fought  two 
days  with  the  Portuguese  near  Daman.  The  latter  had,  on  news 
of  their  approach,  returned  from  the  bar  of  Swally,  where  they  had 
stayed  for  some  days  expecting  the  English  ships  (the  Jonas  and 
the  Anne)  to  come  out  to  them  ;  but  owing  to  the  scrupulosity 
of  the  Dutch  commander,  though  he  had  three  stout  ships  from 
Europe  in  port,  this  was  not  done.  The  third  day  he  was  persuaded 
and  sent  forth  the  fleet,  which  met  the  James,  with  a  pinnace 
and  three  of  their  own  ships.  These  arrived  about  ten  days  later. 
They  think  the  ships  have  gone  to  meet  with  the  Lion,  'on  which 
Sir  Robert  Sherly  and  his  lady  [went  ?]  ^ '.  According  to  news 
'  This  was  an  error.     Sherley  did  not  leave  England  till  1627. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  103 

from  Daman  many  were  killed  and  maimed  in  the  fight,  '  the  small 
vessell  blowing  up  her  decke  through  oppression  of  men.'  The 
Portuguese  fleet  is  now  at  Bassein.  Kerridge  has  sent  the  Spy 
to  Persia  to  give  the  ships  intelligence  of  the  dispatch  of  the  James 
and  Anne,  with  the  six  Dutch  ships  in  company,  which  are  to  leave 
on  the  25th  current.  The  Jonas  returns  to  England  this  year  with 
the  Anne's  cargo,  and  the  James  in  February  next.  Indigo  bought 
towards  her  lading.  '  W[e  are]  in  great  want  of  monye  in  every 
place  and  run  on  creditt,  notwithstanding  the  [Jaynes'l  brought 
ab[out  the]  worth  of  one  hundred  thousand  r[ials]  from  south- 
wards ;  and  this  [occa]sioned  through  the  Europe  shipps  going  for 
Parsia  ' — or  rather  through  the  Dutch  commander  refusing  to  send 
out  his  fleet  to  their  aid.  Commendations  to  Goodwin.  Requests 
a  copy  of  the  receipt  he  gave  Bangham  for  Mr.  Roson's  things. 
'  Padre  Lord,'  ^  Mr.  Young,  and  Mr.  Woolhouse  ^  are  to  return 
to  England  in  the  James.  Has  been  troubled  with  a  fever  and 
is  still  weak.  Mr.  Willoughby  is  daily  expected  here.  According 
to  report,  he  was  in  Lahore  about  three  months  ago.  {Unsigned, 
Damaged.     \\  pp.) 

Francis  Pinder's^  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  Captain 
Blyth's  Fleet  to  India  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlii). 

1625,  March  5.  The  fleet  '  enterd  into  wholl  paye'.  March  16. 
Sailed  from  Tilbury.  April  9.  Left  the  Downs.  April  10.  Lost 
sight  of  the  Lizard.  April  15.  Edward  Baynham,  purser,  and 
Basil  Hull,  surgeon,  were  put  into  the  bilboes  for  getting  drunk 
and  refusing  to  attend  prayers.      June  23.  It  was  decided  by  con- 

^  The  Rev.  Henry  Lord  was  engaged  as  a  chaplain  for  Surat  on  January  7,  1624, 
to  serve  for  five  years  at  60/.  per  annum,  and  went  out  in  ^Veddell'3  fleet.  On  his  return 
he  published  a  work  on  the  doctrines  of  the  Hindus  and  ParsTs,  entitled  A  display  of  two 
forraigne  Sects  in  the  East  Indies  (1630). 

^  The  Rev.  John  Woolhouse,  another  chaplain. 

^  Master  of  the  Falcon.  The  other  vessels  were  the  Palsgrave  (Blyth's  flagship),  the 
Dolphin  (under  Matthew  Wills),  and  the  Lion  (under  Richard  Swanley).  Finder  had 
been  a  gunner  on  board  the  Peppercorn  in  the  Sixth  Voyage,  when  he  was  denounced  by 
Captain  DjDwnton  as  'an  evill  member'  (^Lancaster's  Voyages,  p.  223).  He  went  out 
again  in  Shilling's  fleet,  apparently  as  master's  mate  of  the  London,  and  was  afterwards 
given  charge  of  a  prize,  the  Andreiu.  His  narrative  of  the  voyage  is  printed  by  Purchas 
(vol.  ii.  p.  1787).  In  the  present  voyage  he  had  great  trouble  with  his  officers  and  crew, 
who  were  in  a  semi-mutinous  state  the  latter  part  of  the  time. 


I04  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

sultation  that  the  Lion,  being  the  worst  sailer,  should  go  ahead  each 
night  and  carry  the  light  till  they  came  near  the  Cape  ;  also  that 
the  fleet  should  not  touch  there  unless  necessity  compelled.     July 
15.  Saw  the  land  near  the  Cape.     July  24.  The  Falcon  and  the 
Lion  lost  company  with  their  consorts  in  a  fog.     August  2.  The 
Falcon  anchored  in  St.  Augustine's  Bay  [Madagascar].     August  3. 
The  Palsgrave  and   the  DolpJiin  arrived.      August  6.  The   Lio7t 
came  in.     August   15.  The  fleet  sailed.      A2igust  21.  Passed    the 
island  of  Juan  de  Nova.     A  boat  was  sent  to  it,  which  returned 
with  some  wildfowl  and  news  that  the  remains  of  a  wreck  were 
visible.     Augitst  25.   Saw  '  Maiott '  [IMayotta,  one  of  the  Comoro 
Islands].     yl?<^//'i-^' 26.  Anchored  at  Mohilla.     August  1'^.  Blyth  and 
his  captains  landed  and  visited  the  King,  who  promised  to  help 
them  to  provisions.     August  29.    A  letter  left  with  the  King  ;  also 
a  ring  '  to  seall  passes  of  his  vessels,  whearby  our  nation  might  not 
molest  them,  for  he  much  complayned  that  the  Fleet  of  Deffence 
took  on  of  his  vessels  at  his  door.'     August  30.  The  fleet  sailed. 
September   1.    The  Falcon   lost   sight    of  the  rest.     September  19. 
Finder  put  the  coxswain  in  irons  for  striking  him.     September  21. 
Robert  Grifiin,  the  coxswain's  mate, '  layd  in  the  bolts  '  for  relieving 
the  coxswain,  who  had  been  placed  on  a  bread  and  water  diet,  '  and 
because  I  would  hav  it  performed  I  vowed  that  mysealfe  would 
hav  but  \  lb.  of  bread  a  day  and  water,  so  loung  as  he  had  that  diet.' 
October  25.  Took  a  junk  of  80  or  90  tons  from  the  Maldives,  laden 
with  coir  and  cowries.     She  had  a  crew  of  29,  and  carried  a  Portu- 
guese pass.     October  27.    Saw  the  coast  of  India.     November  3. 
Passed    a    fleet    of  frigates.     November   7.    Near   Chaul    saw  two 
Portuguese  wrecks  with  50  or  60  frigates  busy  about  them  ;  also 
a  ship  near  the  harbour.     November  8.    Some  galliots  and  frigates 
chased  them,  but  drew  off  on  being  fired  at,  though  they  continued 
to  dog  the  Falcon  for  some  days.     The  coxswain  was  set  at  liberty. 
November  19,  Anchored  at  the  Bar  of  Surat.     November  20.    Cap- 
tain Clevenger,  with  the  preacher  and  a  Dutch  merchant,  cam.e  on 
board.     They  brought  news  that  Blyth's  ships  had  been  on  the 
coast  but  had  been  forced  away  by  the  Portuguese  ;   '  also  that 
the  Portingall  had  rood  at  Swalley  and  sent  his  challenge  to  the 
English  and  Dutch  to  fight  with  on  or  more  shipp  or  ships  of  them 
as  thay  pleassed,  and  thusse  rood  daring  them  until  he  had  intili- 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  105 

gense  of  the  coming  in  of  the  sayd  Captaine  Bliyth,  and  that  thay 
had  bordid  on  of  the  smaller  shipps  of  his  fleet,  who  had  bloun 
them  of  with  great  losse  to  the  Portingall.'  November  20.  An- 
chored at  Svvally  and  delivered  his  papers  and  the  prize  to  President 
Kerridge.  The  latter  blamed  him  for  allowing  his  vessel  to  be 
separated  from  the  rest  of  the  fleet.  The  mates  and  others  pre- 
sented to  Kerridge  certain  complaints  against  Pinder,  which  he 
alleges  the  sailors  were  induced  to  sign  in  ignorance  of  their  con- 
tents and  '  by  giving  of  a  cup  of  drinck  '.  The  President  thereupon 
ordered  him  on  board  the  James  under  Weddell,  '  who  I  knew  to 
be  the  only  enimie  I  had  living,  excepting  Captain  Keredg ;  both 
of  them  groun  in  mallis  against  me  for  that  I  had  spockn  trueth  in 
matters  of  import  for  my  soil  imployers  in  my  former  voyag, 
it  being  distastfuU  unto  them,  for  which  thay  both  then  voued 
reveng  if  I  cam  in  their  power.'  November  23.  The  charges  against 
Pinder  were  heard  before  the  President  and  Council,  and  he  was 
judged  blameworthy  and  ordered  to  be  retained  on  the  James.  In 
answer  to  a  question  by  Kerridge,  he  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that 
Captain  Blyth  had  gone  to  '  Cape  Rosselgat '  [Ras-al-hadd]  to 
water.     (79//.) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Ker- 
ridge AND  Council  to  Captains  Weddell,  Clevenger,  and 
GooDALL,  November  14,  1625  {O.C.  1212).^ 

Their  three  ships,  the  Royal  James,  Jonas,  and  Anne,  are  to 
proceed  to  the  coast  of  Persia,  keeping  company  for  their  better 
defence  against  the  Portuguese.  Captain  Weddell  is  to  have  the 
supreme  command  as  admiral,  the  Jonas  to  be  the  vice-admiral, 
'  and  the  Ann  onlie  to  weare  her  flagg  in  the  mizen.'  Their  mission 
is  to  meet  with  and  assist  the  fleet  from  England,  which  has  been 
forced  from  this  coast  by  the  Portuguese.  To  go  first  to  Jask, 
without  stopping  to  make  prizes,  though  on  their  return  they  may 
capture  any  vessels  belonging  to  places  under  Portuguese  govern- 
ment, or  to  Chaul  or  Dabhol,  if  not  provided  with  passes.  The  Spy 
has  been  sent  to  Jask  with  letters ;  if  they  meet  her,  she  is  to  join 
company  with  them.     From  Jask  the  accompanying  letters  should 

'  A  second  copy,  dated  November  i8,  will  be  found  at  pp.  109  and  115  oi  Factory 
Records,  Sural,  vol.  i. ;  and  a  third  at  p.  176  oi  Persia,  vol.  i. 


io6  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

be  dispatched  overland  to  the  factors  at  Gombroon ;  and  Weddell 
is  to  send  others  to  arrange  a  meeting  with  the  fleet  from  England 
at  some  suitable  port.  These  ships  may  proceed  to  Kuhistak 
(if  thought  desirable),  but  are  not  to  go  to  Gombroon  except  upon 
emergency,  and  then  they  are  not  to  make  any  stay  there.  No 
private  goods  are  to  be  landed,  lest  delay  should  be  caused  thereby. 
To  avoid  any  excuse  of  this  kind,  no  cargo  has  been  put  on  board 
the  ships,  and  freight  (to  the  value  of  2,000/.)  proffered  by  the 
natives  has  been  refused  ;  while  the  factors  at  Gombroon  have  been 
instructed  to  put  any  goods  they  may  have  ready  on  board  Blyth's 
ships  or  else  to  send  them  later  by  the  Dutch.  Great  care  is  to  be 
taken  lest  the  Portuguese  frigates  surprise  their  boats.  In  the 
event  of  their  failing  to  find  the  fleet  from  England,  they  may 
anchor  at  Gombroon  and  take  in  goods,  but  are  not  to  stay  more 
than  24  hours  and  then  return  to  Surat.  If,  on  the  other  hand, 
a  junction  be  effected,  the  two  fleets  are  to  return  in  company 
to  encounter  the  Portuguese,  who  will  doubtless  be  waiting  on  this 
coast.  Should  they  meet  Blyth's  squadron  on  the  outward  voyage, 
they  are  to  send  on  the  letters  for  the  Company,  &c.,  to  Gombroon 
in  the  Dutch  ships,  under  the  charge  of  David  Gelly.  If  not, 
he  should  be  landed  at  Jask,  and  journey  with  the  letters  overland. 
The  Scout  will  go  to  sea  with  them,  and  then  proceed  on  her 
destined  voyage.  All  matters  of  moment  are  to  be  determined  by 
the  three  captains  with  the  aid  of  Eustace  Man,  Richard  Swanley, 
and  William  Eaton  ;  [Edmund]  Saris  to  be  registrar,  and  Weddell 
to  have  'a  double  or  swaying  voyce'.  P.S.  [November  22) — The 
Falcon,  one  of  Blyth's  ships,  having  now  come  in,  is  ordered  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  fleet.  Should  they  meet  with  Blyth  before  reaching 
the  Gulf,  ^Messrs.  Young  and  Eaton  are  to  open  the  Company's 
letters ;  and  if  they  find  that  any  considerable  part  of  the  Falcon  s 
cargo  is  intended  for  Persia,  she  may  be  sent  thither  alone,  to  return 
with  the  Dutch. .  But  if  the  two  squadrons  meet  within  a  day's  sail 
of  Gombroon,  they  may  all  go  into  that  port,  where  they  may 
remain  a  couple  of  days  if  necessary.  Robert  Young  and  [Edmund] 
Sayers  added  to  the  Council.  This  commission  is  to  be  communi- 
cated to  all  the  captains,  and  also  to  Captain  Blyth  and  the  Gom- 
broon factors.  [Copy,  signed  by  Kerridge^  Wylde,  and  Hoare. 
5PP-) 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  107 

President  Kerridge  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the 
Factors  in  Persia,  November  18,  1625  {Factory  Records,  Persia, 
vol.  i.  p.  174). 

Since  writing  their  last  letter  they  have  decided  to  send  the  Jonas 
with  the  other  ships  to  Persia,  both  for  their  better  security  and  also 
because  they  intend  that,  as  soon  as  Blyth's  fleet  is  met  with,  the 
English  shall  separate  from  the  Dutch.  Upon  receipt  of  this  letter, 
any  silk,  &c.,  intended  for  England  or  India  should  be  put  on 
board  Blyth's  fleet,  and  the  latter  dispatched  immediately  to  meet 
Weddell's  ships.  Should  the  Persians  place  obstacles  in  the  way  of 
the  embarkation,  the  fleet  is  not  to  be  delayed,  as  the  Dutch  will 
no  doubt  bring  on  the  goods.  The  ScotU  has  been  privately  sent  to 
England  with  the  letters  from  Batavia  and  Surat,  of  which  copies 
are  now  enclosed  for  transmission  overland  by  way  of  Aleppo.  If 
the  Persians  persist  in  their  idea  of  attacking  Muskat,  '  doe  not  you 
denye  our  assistance,  but  rather  seme  to  encourrage  them  ;  wee 
also  uppon  good  conditions  may  be  induced  to  prosecute,  though 
before  it  can  be  undertaken  the  enimyes  present  forces  must  bee 
broaken,'  and  the  Company's  opinion  known.  If  David  Gelly  has 
not  arrived  in  time  to  return  in  Blyth's  ships,  he  may  come- with 
the  Dutch.  Their  request  for  rosewater,  Shiraz  wine,  &c.,  should 
not  be  forgotten.  P.S.  {'Zind) — The  Falcon,  belonging  to  Blyth's 
fleet,  has  now  come  in.  From  her  it  has  been  ascertained  that  the 
other  ships  were  bound  for  Surat  and  have  been  driven  away  by  the 
Portuguese.  For  other  intelligence  refer  to  the  enclosed  letter 
to  the  Company  of  this  date,  to  be  forwarded  with  the  rest.    {Copy. 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
FROM  Surat  to  Persia  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix). 

1625,  November  3.  The  Anne  went  aground  but  was  got  ofl". 
November  18.  The  Falcon  arrived,  with  a  prize  of  50  tons  burden. 
November  24.  The  James,  Jonas,  Ajine,  [Falcon]  and  six  Dutch 
ships  sailed  for  Persia.  December  13.  They  were  off  Jask,  and 
a  letter  was  sent  on  shore  for  conveyance  to  Gombroon.  December 
18.  Anchored  in  Gombroon  Road.    {2.^  pp.) 


io8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xl). 

i625j  November  3.  The  Anne  touched  ground.  November  18. 
The  Falcon  arrived  from  England,  with  a  prize.  November  24. 
The  fleet  sailed.  December  13.  A  letter  sent  ashore  at  Jask  for 
conveyance  to  Gombroon.  December  18.  Anchored  off  the  latter 
port,     [ilpp.) 

Francis  Finder's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xlii).^ 

November  [  ].  The  James,  Jonas,  Anne,  Falcon,  Scont  and 
six  Dutch  ships  sailed.  The  latter  had  taken  in  native  goods 
on  freight  to  the  extent  of  2,000/.  or  3,000/.  This  was  first  offered 
to  the  English,  but  Kerridge  refused  it ;  nor  would  he  send  any 
cargo  on  the  Company's  account,  though  Indian  commodities 
would  have  made  a  hundred  per  cent,  in  three  months,  and  private 
men  were  allowed  to  send  goods  '  to  their  perticular  ends  '.  More- 
over, at  the  cost  of  a  little  delay,  the  Falcon  might  have  been  sent 
home  with  a  good  cargo  in  place  of  the  pinnace  Scout.  December 
18.  They  reached  Gombroon,  where  they  heard  of  the  disaster 
to  the  Z /<?;/,  but  no  news  of  BIyth's  other  two  ships.  While  at 
Gombroon  endeavours  were  made  to  save  some  of  the  ordnance,  &c., 
from  the  Lion.  While  thus  engaged,  two  sails  appeared  and,  think- 
ing they  might  be  the  Palsgrave  and  the  Dolphin,  Finder  and  Fox 
went  off  to  them  in  a  country  boat,  but  they  proved  to  be  Portu- 
guese frigates.  The  two  Englishmen  were  obliged  to  spend  the 
night  at  Ormus,  and  on  returning  next  morning  were  chased  by  the 
Portuguese,  with  the  result  that  they  were  forced  to  land  and  walk 
six  miles  to  Gombroon.  Finder  notes  that  Nicholas  WooUey  sold 
the  coir  taken  by  the  Falcon,  but  he  thinks  '  som  mad  frinds  with 
it'.     {2  pp.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Wylde  and  Hoare,  November  20,  1625  {Factory 
Records,  Snrat,  vol.  i.  p.  112). 

It  is  determined  to  send  home  the  Scont  with  advices  to  the 
Company.  Her  destination  is  to  be  kept  a  secret,  especially  from 
the  Dutch,     (i  /.) 

^  Finder  nas  now  on  board  \.he  James  '^see  p.  105)  and  in  a  critical  mood. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  109 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Kerridge 
AND  Council  to  Andrew  Evans,  Master  of  the  Scout, 
November  20,  1625  {Ibid.,  p.  113). 

In  case  of  his  death  he  is  to  be  succeeded  by  William  Minors, 
his  mate.  Power  given  to  govern  and  control  the  mariners.  He 
is  to  make  his  way  to  England  as  speedily  as  possible.  Not  to 
make  prize  of  vessels  belonging  to  the  Comoro  Islands.  If  he 
captures  a  Portuguese  ship,  a  strict  account  is  to  be  taken  of  the 
cargo.  Letters  to  be  left  at  the  Comoros  or  the  Cape.  To  land 
his  purser  at  the  first  English  port  to  carry  the  letters  for  the 
Company  to  London.     (li//-) 

William  Minors's  Account  of  the  Homeward  Voyage  of 
THE  Scout  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xli). 

1625,  November  24.  Weighed  from  Swally,  in  company  with 
four  English  {Royal  James,  Jonas,  Anne,  and  Falcon)  and  six 
Dutch  vessels  {Goede  Fortuin,  Niemv  Bantam,  Beer,  Goude  Leeiiw, 

Walcheren,  and  Heiisden),  bound  for  Persia.  '  Wee  sawe  17  sayle 
of  [Portuguese]  friggets,  which  guarded  the  river  at  Surratt  that 
none  of  their  junckes  should  come  forth  untill  they  had  payde 
20,000  rupees  for  theire  passe.'  November  26.  Quitted  the  Persia 
fleet.  December  7.  Saw  the  coast  of  Malindi.  December  17. 
Sighted  Mozambique  castle,  though  they  reckoned  themselves 
near  Mohilla  ;  '  but  wee  had  plotts  [i.  e.  maps]  which  were  more 
fitt  for  fier  then  for  to  use  upon  the  water.'  ^  December  20. 
Anchored  on  the  south-eastern  side  of  Mohilla.  December  21. 
Took  in  water  and  provisions,  and  sailed  again.  1626,  January  20. 
Anchored  in  Table  Bay,  where  they  found  two  Dutch  ships,  the 

Wapen  van  Hoot-n  and  the  Eendracht,  from  Batavia  bound  for 
Holland.  Minors  was  sent  ashore  to  look  for  letters,  '  but  they 
were  taken  away  befor  ;  onely  wee  founde  written  uppon  a  stone 
of  the  Starr  and  the  two  Dutch  shippes,  the  Maidvandorph  and 

Weezopp   \see   p.  76],    the   14th  of  October,  and   there  departure 

'  He  mentions  '  Danniells ',  'Lucas',  and  a  Portuguese  'platt'  as  being  in  use  on 
board.  Peyton,  in  the  journal  of  his  voyage  of  1615  {Brit.  Mtts.  Addl.  A/SS.  19276), 
speaks  of '  the  plattes  of  John  Danyells  making  (being  Mercators  projection) '. 


no  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

thence  the  25th  of  dicto.'  Jaimary  23.  The  Dutch  Leiden,  bound 
for  Batavia  and  nine  months  out  from  Holland,  came  into  the  road. 
She  supplied  the  Scout  with  necessaries  ;  '  as  alsoe  wee  imparted 
unto  them  beefes  and  sheepe,  which  wee  got  ashoare  and  they  by 
their  evill  useadg  of  the  blackes  coulde  not  obtaine.'  January  27. 
Sailed,  leaving  the  three  Hollanders  in  the  road.  Febrtiary  9. 
Anchored  at  St.  Helena.  Went  ashore  for  lemons,  but  found  none 
bigger  than  walnuts,  the  rest  having  been  lately  gathered  by  the 
Portuguese.  February  11.  On  going  ashore,  they  '  sawe  a  musteezo 
\see  p.  98]  with  a  white  flagge,  w'ho  toulde  us  that  there  were 
three  more  uppon  the  ilande,  who  all  had  ranne  away  from  the 
Portingales,  and  that  there  w^as  a  carricke  caste  away ;  which  was 
true,  for  they  landed  all  thire  goods  and  six  peeces  of  ordinaunce, 
makeinge  good  the  ilande  six  monethes.  In  the  interim  came 
three  Dutch  shipps  and  the  Starr,  who  woulde  have  watered  but 
they  woulde  not  permitt  them.^  And  alsoe  the  Midlcburrogh 
came  by  and  would  have  watered  ;  but  there  was  come  from 
Fernandobuck  -  two  galloones  and  four  small  shipps  for  to  fetch 
the  goodes  wdiich  were  saved  in  the  carricke  ;  who,  seeinge  the 
Midleburrogh  in  such  distresse,  without  masts  or  sayles,  w^ayde  and 
gave  her  chase,  beinge  two  gallions  of  warr,  and  foughte  with  her 
from  four  in  the  afternoone  untill  the  next  morneinge  ;  but  the 
Spannish  captine  haveinge  his  hande  shott  of,  they  lefte  there 
chase,  plyinge  for  the  ilande,  and  the  Midelburrogh  for  Hollande.' 
February  12.  'This  morneinge  the  master  sente  mee  with  the 
boate  ashoare  with  the  musteezo  to  Chappie  Bay,  where  wee 
founde  the  three  other  musteezos.  Alsoe  w^ee  sawe  the  carricke, 
broken  in  1000  peeces  ;  and  sawe  all  the  places  which  they  had 
fortified,  and  a  greate  number  of  pumpians  [pumpkins]  which  they 
planted  wee  broughte  aboarde.'  The  Scmtt  sailed  for  England. 
February  19.  Saw  Ascension.  February  24.  Crossed  the  Line. 
March  10.  Sighted  Fogo  [one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands]. 
March  i-j.  Saw  '  the  Ilande  of  St.  Michaells '  [S.  Miguel,  in  the 
Azores].     March  31.  Carried  aw^ay  the  foremast,  but  a  portion  of 

^  For  an  account  of  this  incident  see  the  narrative  referred  to  on  p.  46,  note.  The  three 
Dutch  ships  were  the  Maagd  van  Dort,  Leewwin,  and  IVesp.  The  fleet  arrived  at 
St.  Helena  on  November  20,  1625  ;  and  on  the  23rd  the  Portuguese  entrenchments  were 
bombarded.  Finding,  however,  that  the  ships  were  only  expending  their  ammunition 
to  little  purpose,  the  voyage  was  resumed.  -  Pernambuco  (Brazil). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  iii 

it  was  rigged  up  again.      April   7.    Sighted    the   Scilly   Islands. 
{Last  entry.     i^hPP-) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Royal  James  by  Presi- 
dent Kerridge,  Captains  Weddell,  Clevenger,  and 
GooDALL,  and  Messrs.  Wylde  and  Hoare,  November  22, 
1625  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  114). 

The  Falcon  arrived  yesterday,  having  lost  company  with  the  rest 
of  her  fleet.  She  brought  with  her  a  small  vessel  which  she  had 
seized  near  the  Maldives,  '  to  the  extreame  hinderance  of  time  and 
danger  of  her  own  surprize  by  the  enemye,  who  laye  at  Bombayee 
in  the  way  of  her  passage.'  It  is  resolved  that,  after  landing  part 
of  her  cargo,  she  shall  proceed  to  Persia  with  the  other  ships ;  that 
Robert  Young  shall  be  sent  in  the  James,  with  orders  that  he  and 
William  Eaton  shall,  on  meeting  Blyth's  fleet,  open  the  Company's 
letters,  and  deliver  to  the  factors  in  Persia  the  goods  intended  for 
them ;  and  that  Francis  Pinder,  in  consequence  of  the  complaints 
of  his  crew,  be  dismissed  from  the  Falcon,  Richard  Swanley  being 
placed  in  charge  of  her  until  Captain  Blyth  appoints  a  fresh 
master.     James  Shorter,  a  sailor  in  the  A^me,  is  given  24s.  a  month. 

(I  A) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Kerridge 
AND  Messrs.  Wylde,  Hoare,  and  Page,  November  28,  1625 
{/did.,  p.  116). 

By  agreement  between  Robert  Young  and  Van  den  Broeck,  the 
Dutch  President,  on  the  arrival  of  the  James  from  Batavia  a  sum 
of  32,000  rials  of  eight  was  lent  at  Swally  to  the  Dutch  for  ship- 
ment to  Persia  ;  this  amount  has  now  been  repaid  at  Surat,  but  the 
Dutch  claim  640  rials  of  eight,  which  they  have  had  to  pay  for 
customs.  It  is  decided  to  refuse  the  demand,  and  refer  the  claim 
to  the  Company  in  England.  The  Dutch  and  English  factors  at 
Ahmadabad  having  agreed  to  make  no  further  investment  in  indigo 
without  the  joint  approbation  of  both,  and  the  Dutch  being  now 
desirous  of  buying  some,  it  is  agreed  that  500  or  600  churls  be 
bought  in  common,  and  equally  divided.  A  box  of  letters  for  the 
Company  sent  upon  the  An7ie  being  now  in  custody  of  the  Presi- 
dent, it  is  decided  to  open  and  peruse  them,     (i  /.) 


112  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Captain  Weddell  off  Jask  to  the  Factors  in  Persia, 
December  io,  1625  {Factory  Records,  Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  179). 

Their  joint  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  sailed  from  Swally  on  November  24 
and  reached  '  this  port  of  Jasques '  to-day.  They  will  perceive  that 
his  time  at  Gombroon  will  be  very  short;  so  he  begs  that  some 
country  boats  should  be  in  readiness  for  landing  the  Falcoii  s 
goods.  The  pinnace  Spy  was  met  on  December  2,  and  brought 
news  that  there  were  some  English  ships  at  Gombroon,  which  he 
trusts  are  Blyth's.  The  Scoiit  parted  company  for  England  on 
December  [November]  27  off  Diu  Head.  The  Dutch  have  been 
told  that  she  is  bound  for  Socotra  to  look  for  the  missing  fleet. 
The  plantation  on  Lagundy  has  proved  a  failure,  and  the  factors 
have  returned  to  Batavia,  where  they  have  bought  a  new  house 
from  the  Dutch  for  20,000  rials  of  eight.  'The  Portugalls  which 
fought  with  Captain  Blyth  are  gott  into  a  hole  called  Bombayee, 
where  they  are  fittinge  themselves  upp  againe  for  the  warr,  and 
looke  for  three  more  shipps  from  Goa  to  joyne  forces  with  them.' 
One  of  them  is  the  great  ship  which  lost  the  head  of  her  mainmast 
in  the  first  day's  fight  ;  another  is  a  galleon  which  came  from 
Lisbon  last  year.  PS. — Commendations  to  his  Persian  friends. 
Their  ambassador  is  no  doubt  in  England  by  this  time.  {Copy. 
I  A) 

John  Willoughby  at  Gwalior  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  December  23,  1625  {O.C.  1213)- 

This  serves  to  accompany  the  letters  from  England.  The 
President  writes  that  Young  has  gone  to  Persia,  '  our  Kinge  is 
dead,'  and  the  fleet  has  not  yet  reached  Swally.  He  is  now  going 
down  to  Surat  with  176  camels,  accompanied  by  Robert  Clitherow 
and  Crispin  Blackden.  Will  be  glad  to  serve  him  at  Surat. 
Wishes  him  '  a  merrire  Christmase  thene  I  ame  like  two  have, 
beinge  evry  night  heth-heth  ^ '.     {Daviaged.     |  p.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson  at  Ahmadabad  to  John  Bangham  [at 
Lahore],  December  23, 1625  {O.C.  1214). 

Received  his  of  October  28  nearly  two  months  after  date,  owing 
to  the  messenger  staying  at  Agra.     Sent  his  letters  on  to  Surat, 

^  This  is  probably  a  specimen  of  word-coining.  It  seems  to  be  intended  to  represent 
the  shivering  produced  by  fever. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  113 

as  desired.  Perceives  how  badly  Mir  Musa  has  treated  him  in 
taking  two  pieces  of  his  tapestry  '  to  make  his  owne  moozra  ^  with 
the  King'.  Thinks  he  might  have  left  the  other  goods  in  Lahore, 
and  gone  to  the  court  with  Mir  Musa.  Perceives  the  discontent 
he  has  received  from  Surat  in  their  curtailing  his  title  ;  still,  there 
is  little  difference  between  chief  agent  and  chief  factor,  and  his 
authority  for  the  court  is  as  ample  as  that  of  any  of  his  pre- 
decessors. He  should  not  yield  precedence  to  the  Dutch  on  any 
occasion;  and  although  Signor  [Heuten?]  is  a  more  ancient 
merchant,  if  he  had  not  the  manners  to  give  Bangham  place  in 
his  own  house  (which  is  the  custom  here)  he  should  be  given  none 
in  Bangham's.  Cannot  believe  that  either  the  Surat  factors  or 
Goodwin  would  disparage  Bangham  to  the  Dutch.  Should  he 
chance  to  go  to  Agra,  he  should  of  course  refrain  from  meddling 
with  Offley's  business  ;  and  no  doubt  Offley  will  have  too  much 
discretion  to  interfere  with  him.  Heard  from  Surat  that  the 
President  feared  dissensions  between  Goodwin  and  Bangham ; 
whereupon  he  wrote  to  Kerridge  that  he  was  sure  this  would  not 
be  so,  'and  assured  him  by  passed  experience  what  stead  your 
language  was  to  us  in  the  time  of  our  imprisonment,  and  now  also 
by  reason  therof  you  would  not  suffer  words  of  no  effect  or  of 
a  divers  sence  to  bee  foisted  into  our  firmanes  as  heretofore ; '  he 
therefore  urged  that  Bangham's  youth  should  be  no  hindrance  to 
him,  and  that  he  should  have  the  same  repute  as  older  men  if 
he  performed  the  business  as  well.  Kerridge  replied  that  he  hoped 
well  of  Bangham,  and  had  written  to  him  '  for  a  firmaune  of  more 
validity  then  the  former  in  confirmation  of  our  late  agreement  with 
Sife  Chaun '.  Payments  on  Bangham's  account.  Thanks  for  his 
news  regarding  the  King's  abode,  Asaf  Khan's  sickness  and 
recovery,  &c.  Has  sent  a  copy  of  his  last,  dated  November  14, 
because  the  bearer  of  that  is  reported  to  have  been  slain  on  his 
way.  Begs  him  to  take  over  from  Goodwin  the  writers  enamel 
&c. ;  has  heard  nothing  of  them  for  many  months.  The  horse 
given  to  Hopkinson  by  Saif  Khan,  which  he  also  entrusted  to 
Goodwin,  should  be  either  charged  to  the  Company's  account  or 
sold.  '  That  foolish  fellow  Cletherowe,  in  a  drunken  fitt,  while  hee 
was  here  gave  him  a  slash  over  the  necke  with  a  sword,  as  I  am 

^  See  note  on  p.  126  of  the  161 8-21  volume. 

FOSTER    III  I 


114  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

informed.'  Arrival  of  the  Falcon  at  Swally  about  the  middle  of 
[November].  Her  master,  Francis  Pinder,  having  lost  the  rest 
of  the  fleet  about  Mohilla,  captured  a  Portuguese  prize  laden 
with  nothing  but  ropes,  and  towed  her  from  the  height  of  Goa 
at  great  risk  to  his  own  ship ;  for  which  and  other  unruliness  he 
has  been  displaced,  and  Swanley  made  master  instead.  She  sailed 
for  Persia  on  November  22  with  the  rest  of  the  fleet.  From  her 
it  was  learnt  that  the  ships  that  engaged  the  Portuguese  were  the 
Palsgrave^  Lion^  and  Dolphin,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Blyth.  At  their  departure  from  England  it  was  rumoured  that 
Ormus  had  been  retaken  by  the  Portuguese.  In  his  former  he 
reported  that  '  Padre  Lord '  was  going  for  Persia,  with  the  intention 
of  then  returning  to  England  by  the  James, '  and  Padre  Woolhouse 
to  bee  taken  ashore ; '  this  is  not  so,  for  Ker ridge  refused  Lord 
permission  to  go,  saying,  '  hee  would  not  have  it  reported  that 
a  padre  should  forsake  India  for  such  slight  matters.'  Some  petty 
diff'erences  between  Lord  and  the  members  of  the  Council  have 
been  reconciled  by  Kerridge,  and  '  so  hee  still  stayeth  '.  Explains 
his  action  about  Benthall's  goods.  Young,  upon  some  discontents 
given  him  by  the  President,  has  gone  to  Persia  with  the  fleet. 
Robert  Tottle  has  lately  arrived  at  Surat,  'who,  having  sould 
divers  things  to  Sultan  Pervese,  hath  brought  his  perwanna  for 
topha  ^,  &c.,  and  thether  wee  are  apointed  to  send  what  is  here 
unsould  that  may  bee  included  in  that  title.'  The  proceeds  of  any 
sales  of  the  writer's  goods  should  be  remitted  to  Ahmadabad. 
Mr.  Heynes  in  the  Star  quitted  the  James  on  April  30.  The  London 
met  the  Blessing  and  the  William  at  the  Cape.  The  James  brought 
news  [from  Batavia]  of  so  great  a  mortality  among  our  people 
on  the  island  where  they  had  intended  to  fortify,  that  they  could 
not  man  their  ships,  and  had  to  borrow  assistance  from  the  Dutch 
to  fetch  away  the  survivors.  Intends  to  return  to  England  next 
year ;  and  would  have  gone  this  time,  had  his  private  goods  been 
sold.  P.S. — The  Falcon  brought  no  letters  from  the  Company. 
Clement  and  '  Goordas '  send  commendations.  '  We  were  promised 
som  sack  to  keepe  Christmas  withall,  but  yet  it  cometh  not ;  we 
still  live  in  hope.'  If  Bangham  is  denied  the  title  of  Agent  and 
his  wages  are  not  increased,  he  might  come  down  and  accompany 

'  Pers.  tiihfa,  a  present,  or  goods  suitable  for  such  a  purpose. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  115 

the  writer  to  England.  The  sooner  he  goes  the  sooner  he  will 
return,  and  with  higher  wages.  Hears  only  of  one  factor  ar- 
rived in  these  ships,  but  some  say  there  are  three.  {Damaged. 
APP) 

Thomas  Johnson  at  Masulipatam  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Batavia,  December  23,  1635  {Factor^>  Records, 
Miscellaneous,  vol.  ix.  p.  151). 

Mr.  Mills  has  settled  a  factory  in  Petapoli  and  made  Mr.  Edward 
Trafford  chief  there,  '  myself  remaining  here.'  (Extract,  made  in 
1788.     \p) 

Thomas  Barker  and  John  Purifie  at  Gombroon  to  the 
Factors  at  Ispahan,  December  30,  1625  {Factory  Records, 
Persia,  vol.  i.  p.   180). 

The  James,  Jonas,  Anne,  Falcon,  Spy,  and  six  Dutch  ships 
arrived  on  the  i8th,  '  whose  cominge  hither  did  not  a  little  raligrate^ 
us.'  No  news  yet  of  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin,  except  that  they 
also  had  a  hot  fight  with  the  Portuguese.  Blyth  is  blamed  for  not 
keeping  his  fleet  more  together.  Most  of  the  supplies  for  Persia 
were  in  those  two  ships,  together  with  the  Company's  advices  and 
instructions.  Weddell's  fleet  had  orders  not  to  remain  more  than 
forty-eight  hours  at  Gombroon,  but  as  it  was  agreed  here  that  it 
would  be  dangerous  for  them  to  separate  from  the  Dutch,  and  the 
latter  had  promised  to  sail  within  twelve  days,  it  was  resolved  to 
wait  for  that  period.  Forward  letters  to  be  sent  overland  to  the 
Company.  Goods  landed  from  the  ships.  The  Dutch  have  brought 
great  store  from  Holland  and  Batavia  ;  '  soe  that  they  will  have 
a  caffila  off  at  least  1,000  cammels,  noe  small  discouradgment  unto 
us,  whoe  live  heere  spendinge  our  tymes  to  small  profitt  to  our 
masters  and  wish  wee  were  freed  from  hence  unlesse  wee  stayed 
heere  to  better  purpose.'  Some  guns,  &c.,  have  been  recovered  from 
the  wreck  of  the  Lion.  Weddell's  ships  hope  to  sail  within  two 
days  or  less.     {Copy.     1^  pp.) 

1  Possibly  this  is  meant  for  'religate',  to  bind  together  or  unite,  a  metaphor  derived 
from  binding-up  a  vein. 


I  2 


Ji6  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

John  [Benthall]  at  Gombroon  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  December  31,  1625  {O.C.  1216). 

After  the  departure  of  the  ships  and  the  dispatch  of  their  small 
capital  to  Ispahan,  he  was  obliged  to  remain  here  the  whole  year  for 
the  sale  of  the  reprisal  goods.  Endured  great  misery,  owing  to 
constant  sickness.  The  James  and  her  fleet,  in  company  with  the 
Dutch,  arrived  December  17.  He  then  received  Bangham's  letter 
dated  in  September,  and  was  glad  to  hear  of  his  preferment. 
Complains  of  not  having  received  from  him  and  Hopkinson  the 
proceeds  of  his  private  goods.  No  advice  received  overland  this 
year  from  the  Company :  so  they  are  ignorant  whether  the  factory 
is  to  be  maintained  or  dissolved.     {Damaged.     'i\ pp-) 

Khwaja  Murad  Beg,  Governor  of  Dabhol,  to  the 
[President  and  Counch.  at  Surat  ?],  January  i,  1626 
{O.C.  1215). 

Thanks  them  for  their  letter ;  also  the  Governor  of  Surat,  to 
whom  he  will  send  an  answer  shortly.  In  reply  to  their  request 
for  a  pass  to  establish  a  factory  at  his  port,  he  is  quite  willing  to 
further  such  a  scheme.  This  letter  will  serve  instead  of  a  pass. 
Should  any  provisions,  wood,  or  water  be  desired,  he  will  furnish 
them  gladly.  Desires  that  they  will  in  return  secure  from  capture 
ships  frequenting  his  port,  and  will  aid  them  if  met  with  at  sea. 
[Translation,     i  /•) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  James 
from  Gombroon  to  Surat  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix). 

1626,  January  1.  The  James,  Jotias,  Anne,  Falcon,  Spy,  and  six 
Dutch  ships  sailed  from  Gombroon.  January  24.  Saw  the  coast 
to  the  west  of  Diu.  January  29.  Reached  Swally,  where  they 
found  four  Dutch  ships  from  Batavia.     {3PP-) 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xl). 

1626,  Jamiary  i.  The  fleet  sailed.  Januaiy  24.  Saw  the  Indian 
coast  near  Diu.  January  29.  Anchored  off  Swally,  where  they 
found  four  Dutch  ships.  January  30.  The  fleet  went  into  the  Hole, 
except  the  An7ie,  which  followed  next  day.     (i  /.) 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  117 

Francis  Finder's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xlii). 

1626,  January  i.  The  two  fleets  sailed.  January  5.  They  were 
opposite  Jask.  January  25.  In  sight  of  land.  January  29. 
Anchored  '  without  the  swatch  of  Swally '.  Found  there  three 
Dutch  ships  ^  and  a  pinnace  with  a  prize.  '  These  ships  towld  us 
thay  had  past  the  straights  to  the  southerd  of  Magelayn  and  in  the 
South  Sea  thay  had  burned  near  100  vessels  and  maney  townes. 
Also  that  the  Portingall  had  9  sayle  of  gallions  and  an  armye  of 
frigots  at  a  port  some  30  or  40  legues  to  the  southerd  of  us,  which 
with  both  our  forces  we  might  essily  vanquesh  ;  so  their  was 
pretence  of  exsecution  of  it,  but  as  smoke  it  vanisht,  thoughe  of 
Englishe  and  Dutch  we  wear  14  ships  and  pineses.'     (i  p.) 

Consultation  held  at  Masulipatam  by  Thomas  Mills, 
Edward  Trafford,  and  Thomas  Johnson,  January  26,  1626 
{Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  ix.  p.  63).^ 

A  letter  having  lately  been  received  from  the  President  and 
Council  at  Batavia,  ordering  search  to  be  made  for  some  convenient 
place  on  the  Coast  for  procuring  '  paintings  and  woven  cloths ',  it  is 
decided  to  make  trial  of  Armagon,  a  place  about  12  leagues  from 
PuHcat,  '  whereof  myself,  Thomas  Mille,  have  had  some  experience 
the  time  of  my  residence  in  Pallicatt,  and  since  my  coming  hither 
to  Musulapatam  have  received  letters,  both  from  the  Naico  or  lord 
of  that  country  and  merchants  there  inhabiting,  for  that  negotiation, 
earnestly  soliciting  our  plantation,  fairly  promising  such  accommo- 
dation and  entertainment  to  our  contentment.'  No  English  vessel 
is  available,  but  as  they  have  with  them  thirteen  or  fourteen  of  the 
crew  of  the  Rose,  a  country  boat  has  been  hired  and  it  is  decided  that 
Mills  and  Johnson,  accompanied  by  John  Beverley,  shall  proceed  to 
Armagon  to  establish  a  factory,  with  8.500  rials  of  eight  for  capital. 
Johnson  and  Beverley  are  to  be  left  at  the  new  settlement,  with 

^  These  were  the  Oranj'e,  HoUaiidia,  and  Mauritius,  under  Herman  van  Speult  (see 
p.  97).  They  belonged  to  a  fleet  of  12  sail,  which,  under  Jacques  I'Hennite  and  Gheen 
Huigen  Schapenham,  had  come  from  Holland  by  way  of  Magellan's  Straits  {Dagh 
Register,  pp.  153,  186). 

'  A  transcript  made  in  1788,  with  the  spelling  modernized.  The  original  is  no  longer 
extant. 


iiH  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

a  man  or  two  to  assist.  Three  murtherers  and  a  number  of  muskets 
provided  for  the  boat.  Trafiford  is  to  remain  in  charge  at  Masuli- 
patam  and  to  look  after  matters  at  Petapoli.     {^  pp-) 

President   Hawley   and  Council   at    Batavia   to  the 
Company,  February  6,  1626  {O.C.  1217). 

While  at  Lagundy  they  resolved  to  refit  the  Eidl  for  a  voyage  to 
Masulipatam,  but  afterwards,  finding  her  so  much  decayed,  deter- 
mined to  dispatch  the  Reformation  instead.  In  this  they  were 
prevented  by  the  death  of  so  many  men.  On  March  15  they 
received  by  the  Dutch  letters  from  Masulipatam,  Achin,  and  Surat ; 
*  by  those  from  Achin  and  IMusulpatam  (the  copies  now  sent)  you 
shall  perceive  the  janglings  and  distractions  there,  and  by  those 
from  Surratt  their  progresse  in  busines  and  proceedings.'  They 
abandoned  their  settlement  at  Lagundy  on  May  29,  and  the  next 
day  sighted  the  pinnace  Spy  from  Surat.  Landed  at  Batavia  on 
June  I.  The  Simon  and  Jndc  came  in  on  the  4th,  and  the  Royal 
James  arrived  six  days  later  under  Captain  Weddell.  She  brought 
George  Muschamp,  whom  the  Company  had  nominated  for  employ- 
ment at  Masulipatam,  but,  there  being  much  need  of  experienced 
merchants  at  Batavia,  he  was  appointed  a  Member  of  Council  here 
instead.  They  were  unable  to  lend  Weddell  any  assistance  in 
shipping,  but  gave  him  two  long  field-pieces  and  some  powder. 
He  sailed  on  August  6  with  the  James  and  Spy  and  three  Dutch 
ships  \sec  p.  91]  to  encounter  the  Portuguese  at  Ormus.  He 
carried  a  cargo  of  upwards  of  100.000  rials  in  money  and  cloves. 
Arrival  of  the  London  from  England  on  August  23.  On  the  25th 
they  dispatched  the  Rose  to  Masulipatam,  with  a  crew  of  21 
Englishmen  and  12  blacks,  and  a  cargo  of  money,  cloves,  sandal- 
wood, alum,  and  coral.  Next  day  the  Dutch  signified  their 
intention  to  send  '  three  of  the  South  Sea  shipps  now  arrived  '  \_see 
p.  117]  to  strengthen  the  fleet  intended  for  Ormus,  and  demanded 
whether  the  English  would  '  prepare  the  like  forces'.  In  reply  they 
pleaded  inability  for  want  of  men,  but  expressed  a  hope  that  the 
English  at  Surat  would  be  able  to  '  parralell  '  the  Dutch  fleet. 
Hearing  by  accident  that  Herman  van  Speult  was  to  be  the 
general  of  the  ships  for  Surat,  they  remonstrated  with  the  Council, 
on  the  ground  of  the  accusations  against  him  in  the  Amboyna 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  119 

business ;  but  their  protest  was  disregarded  and  he  was  sent  off  in 
grand  style  on  September  4  [see  p.  97].      Letters  were  received  on 
August  29  through  the  Dutch  from  MasuHpatam,  'importing  manie 
manie  differences  in  that  factory  among  themselves  ; '   replied  by 
the  same  conveyance  on  September  14.     The  Eagle  arrived  from 
Surat   and  Achin   on   October   31.      Have   already   advised   that 
a    Danish    ship    lately  settled   a  poor   factory  at    Macassar.      In 
returning  to  Tranquebar,  she  drove  ashore  (last  September)  in  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  where  her  goods  were  all  lost  and  only  seven  men 
saved.      These  made   their  way  to   IMasuIipatam,  where  a  small 
Danish    ship   from    Tranquebar   had   previously  arrived   to  settle 
a  factory.     '  They  have  intercepted  our  intended  factory  at  Podisera 
[Pondicherri]  for  paintings,  which  will  somewhat    distract  us  for 
those  sorts  of  cloth  ;  but  wee  have  written  to  Masulpatam  for  their 
advice  how  best  wee  maie  be  supplied,  and  when  from  you  wee 
maie  be  releeved  with  men  it  shall  be  one  of  our  first  works  (God 
willing)  to  plant  ourselves  for  the  furnishing  of  such  commodities  in 
someone  place  or  other,  which  of  necessity  must  be  effected,  for  the 
paintings  of  those  parts  and  Tanjour  are  of  more  use  then  the  cloth 
of  Musulpatam.      As  for  ^Slusulpatam  itself,  our  trade  lieth  there 
also  on  bleeding,  cheefly  by  wicked  devices  of  Governours,  tolerated 
by  their  weake  spirited  King,  and  partly  animated  by  the  disagree- 
ments between  us  and  the  Dutch,  as  by  our  letter  from  thence 
dated  in  November  (arrived  here  in  a  Dutch  shipp  the  2cth  December 
last)  amongst  the  copies  will  appeare  :  concerning  which  busines 
of  IMusulpatam  it  is  also  our  meaning  at  our  next  meeting  with  the 
Dutch  to  moove  them  that  some  good  order  between  us  may  be 
taken  for  the  remooving  of  these  inconveniences  by  those  Governours 
of  Musulpatam.'     [Extracts  only.     2>\  pp-) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  Presidext  Kerridge  and 
Messrs.  Wylde,  Hoare,  and  Page,  February  20, 1626  [Factory 
Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  117). 

John  Leachland  having  for  some  years  past  privately  kept 
a  woman  of  this  country  and  refusing  to  put  her  away,  in  spite  of 
all  persuasions,  it  is  debated  whether  to  dismiss  him  from  the 
Company's  service  ;  but  as  this  would  only  lead  to  his  marrying  her 
and  forsaking  his  country  and  friends,  it  is  resolved  not  to  adopt 


120  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

this  extreme  course,  in  the  hope  that  time  will  reclaim  him,  '  being 
otherwise  a  man  of  fayre  demeanor,  sufficient  abillities,  and  cleare 
of  accounts  with  the  Honorable  Company  in  India.'  ^     (i  P-) 

Consultation  held  at  Masulipatam  by  Edward  Traf- 
FORD,  Thomas  Dale,  John  Lawrence,  and  Philip  Bearden, 
February     23,    J6a6    (Factory   Records,   Miscellaneous,   vol.    ix. 

p.  ^^i)' 

The  intended  journey  of  Mr.  Trafford  to  Petapoli  has  been 
delayed  '  by  reason  of  the  Kings  death  ^  and  other  casualties '.  It 
is  now  decided  that  he  shall  depart  forthwith  in  a  native  boat, 
accompanied  by  John  Lawrence  and  Edward  Powell,  and  shall  take 
with  him  the  goods  allotted  to  that  factory  by  Mr.  Mills,  viz.  some 
sandal-wood  and  cloves,  besides  3,500  rials  of  eight  and  four  bags 
of  '  plate  tegalls  ' ?     {Extract  made  in  1 788.     2  pp.) 

Narrative  by  Thomas  Mills  and  Thomas  Johnson  of 
THEIR  Settlement  of  a  Factory  at  Armagon,  March  i, 
1626  {Ibid.,  p.  73).* 

Started  from  Masulipatam  on  February  i  and  reached  Armagon 
eleven  days  later.  '  We  found  a  most  friendly  welcome  by  all  the 
inhabitants,  who  seemed  overjoyed  at  our  coming,  especially  those 
merchants  of  that  place,  who  by  their  sundry  letters  unto  us 
soliciting  our  settling  a  residence  with  them,  and  for  our  better 
encouragement  procured  a  coule  and  letter  of  favour  from  the 
Naico  or  lord  of  those  parts,  which  was  sent  us ;  who  likewise 
importuned  our  plantation  within  his  authority  and  we  should  find 
such  entertainment  as  we  desired.'  The  Governor  sent  notice  of 
their  arrival  to  the  Nayak,  who  was  then,  with  at  least  24,000 
soldiers,  besieging  a  fort  ^  about  twenty  miles  from  '  his  [?  this] 

^  After  Leachland's  death  an  attempt  was  made  to  claim  and  send  home  to  England 
a  girl  who  was  the  offspring  of  this  union,  but  the  result  is  not  known  {O.C.  1543  A,  and 
Cowi.  Minutes,  Nov.  25,  1635). 

^  It  is  not  clear  to  what  this  refers.  The  reigning  king  of  Golconda  seems  to  have 
come  to  the  throne  several  years  earlier. 

2  Silver  in  the  form  of  tikdls  (see  Hobson-Jobson,  s.  v.). 

*  A  transcript  made  in  1788. 

'  On  p.  128  this  fort  is  called  'Poora',  which  simply  means  town  or  city.  Its 
surrender  is  recorded  on  p.  133,  and  as  a  Dutch  letter  of  June  1627  (^Hagiie  Transcripts, 
series  i.  vol.  \'iii.  no.  258)    speaks  of  the  Nayak's   capture  of  'Secrecour'  during  the 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  121 

place ' ;  and  the  Nayak  at  once  dispatched  a  captain  and  200 
soldiers  to  conduct  the  English  to  his  camp.  The  Dutch,  hearing 
of  their  arrival,  in  all  haste  sent  their  'scrivan'  [writer:  Port. 
escriz'ao^,  a  Brahman,  'with  his  pallankine,  kimdeleroes ^,  and 
attendants  compleat,'  to  carry  a  present  to  the  Nayak  and  prevent  the 
success  of  the  English.  The  Brahman  arrived  a  day  before  the  latter, 
and,  in  addition  to  bribing  thirty  or  forty  of  the  principal  natives, 
offered  4,000  pagodas  to  the  Nayak  himself  if  he  would  refuse  the 
English  permission  to  settle  in  his  territories ;  but  he,  '  although 
young,  of  the  age  of  1 9  years,  yet,  as  it  seems,  though  a  heathen, 
will  maintain  the  reputation  of  his  father,  who  [was  ?]  by  general 
report  reputed  very  constant  of  his  word  and  promise.'  '  We  were 
received  with  all  friendly  respect  and  lodged  in  a  tent  near  him. 
And  so  the  day  following  we  had  audience,  to  deliver  him  the 
intent  of  our  coming  and  our  present,  which  he  entertained  with  all 
friendly  acceptance,  seeming  to  yield  consent  to  our  demands  ;  and 
so,  after  some  few  compliments  of  courtesy,  were  dismissed  of  further 
parley,  in  regard  of  his  other  important  affairs  then  in  handling. 
Now  the  Dutch  ambassador,  or  rather  prating  Bramine,  employed 
his  wits  yet  how  he  might  circumvent  us ;  and  ceased  not  day  or 
night  to  instigate  those  great  ones  against  us,  supplying  them  with 
feeling  courtesies,  in  part  of  larger  sums  promised  if  his  request  took 
effect;  which  they,  lawyerlike,  for  the  covet  of  gain  accordingly 
pleaded  for  in  his  behalf,  as  we  had  daily  notice  of  what  passed  in 
their  general  assemblies,  besides  this  man  having  private  conference 
with  the  great  man,  by  means  of  his  scrivans  of  his  own  cast,  im- 
portunately again  and  again  urging  the  power  of  the  Dutch,  and 
how  beneficial,  their  abiding  would  be  unto  him,  by  reason  of  their 
great  investments  they  meant  to  make  yearly,  of  no  less  moment  than 
fifty  or  sixty  thousand  pagodas,  by  which  their  great  employments  he 
might  expect  the  benefit  of  four  or  five  thousand  pagodas  per  annum 
to  come  freely  into  his  purse  ;  besides,  they  vvould  build  a  fort  for 
the  better  guard  and  security  of  his  port.  And  for  us,  the  English, 
he  reported  to  know  our  estate  as  well  as  ourselves ;  which  was  so 

previous  year,  it  may  be  surmised  that  that  was  the  place  intended.    Mr.  Sewell  identifies 
it  with  Sriharikota,  about  24  miles  south  of  Armagon. 

'  No  doubt  the  copyist's  misreading  of  '  rundeleroes '  (umbrellas :  see  Hobson-Jobson, 
s.  V.  '  roundel '), 


122  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

poor  and  bare  that  we  were  not  able  to  perform  what  we  pretended, 
and  that  we  had  not  the  means  to  employ  above  four  or  five  thousand 
rials  a  year  ;  and  further  that  we  meant  not  to  keep  here  any  settled 
residence,  but  would  leave  a  sailor  or  two  to  manage  that  small 
business  :  and  withal  reported  that  we  would  have  remained  longer 
in  Palicat  but  for  want  of  means  to  pay  our  charges.  And  with 
such  and  worse  terms  did  this  Dutch  ambassador  disable  and  abuse 
us  and  our  nation,  and  would  have  proceeded  further  with  his  forged 
matter  but  that  the  great  man  interrupted  him,  demanding  the 
reason  wherefore  the  Dutch,  in  all  this  time  of  their  long  residence  so 
near  his  country,  would  not  know  him  or  make  the  least  motion  for 
what  they  now  so  importunately  desired  upon  the  coming  of  the 
English,  and  not  before ;  to  which  the  Bramine  made  reply  that  it 
was  long  since  minded,  but  ignorantly  omitted  and  deferred  through 
their  many  employments ;  which  frivolous  answer  was  easily 
apprehended  and  their  intent  censured  by  the  great  man  accordingly ; 
and,  notwithstanding  all  his  forged  projects  and  large  proffers,  for 
that  time  was  dismissed  and  referred  to  their  further  consideration  ; 
all  which  was  presently  noted  unto  us '.  On  the  English  soliciting 
a  decision,  one  way  or  the  other,  '  the  great  man,  assembling  those 
of  his  council  about  him,  sent  for  us  ;  where  we  being  come,  they 
began  to  reiterate  the  large  proffers  ;  to  which  we  made  this  answer, 
in  fair  and  beseeming  terms,  without  the  least  reproaching  language, 
that  we  had  not  to  do  with  them,  nor  to  pattern  of  their  actions  or 
proceedings ;  though  howsoever  their  rude  tongues  were  guided 
with  false  reports  of  us,  yet  our  discretion  should  moderate  all  their 
spleen  with  no  other  than  friendly  report  of  them ;  and  for  their 
large  proffered  offers,  they  concerned  us  not  at  all ;  but  if  he  pleased 
to  entertain  our  residence  in  his  country,  according  to  our  motion 
made  and  his  own  promise  performed  in  a  letter  sent  us  to 
jMusulapatam,  for  which  purpose  we  are  now  come,  and  because  we 
would  not  further  omit  his  so  free  a  proffer  we  thus  rawly  undertook 
this  journey  in  a  boat ;  and  if  his  pleasure  now  so  minded  to  give 
us  entertainment,  we  were  readily  prepared  to  embrace  with  all 
respect  ;  if  not,  attended  his  answer  to  the  contrary,  that  we  might 
depart  as  freely  as  we  came ;  which  speech  of  ours  was  so  well 
favoured  by  the  great  man  that  he  presently  granted  our  request, 
notwithstanding  the  main  opposition  of  a  many  of  those  great  ones 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  123 

about  him,  which  pleaded  for  the  Dutch.  And  in  the  midst  of  our 
parley  it  was  rumoured  amongst  them  that  the  Braminy  had  further 
promised  (which  is  very  certain)  two  pieces  of  ordnance,  with  five 
candy  of  powder  and  as  much  lead  ;  which  bred  a  great  dispute 
amongst  them.  Whereupon,  being  pressed  unto  it,  we  consented 
to  give  him  a  piece  of  ordnance,  and  so  our  request  was  in  a  great 
part  confirmed  under  hand^  though  not  so  ample  and  freely  as 
[we  ?]  might  expect,  had  not  the  Dutch  so  insolently  opposed  us ; 
yet  not  to  say  but  that  we  have  procured  sufficient  for  our  quiet 
and  free  trading,  without  any  allowance  for  the  entrance  of  the 
Dutch  to  hinder  us.  And  seeing  their  pretences  could  not  prevail, 
they  pretend  revenge  by  seizing  or  forcing  those  junckes  yearly 
bound  to  that  port,  with  provisions  of  rice  and  such  like,  to  go  for 
Pallicat ;  which  may  prove  a  great  hinderance  to  our  trade,  if  not 
remedied  '.  Complain  of  the  unreasonableness  of  the  Dutch  in  thus 
seeking  to  exclude  the  English,  though  there  is  ample  room  for 
both  in  the  country.  A  sloop  has  twice  been  sent  from  Pulicat  to 
this  place  'to  pry  into  our  actions'.     {16 pp.) 

Commission  from  President  Kerridge  and  Messrs. 
Wylde,  Hoare,  and  Martin  to  Captains  Weddell  and 
Clevenger,  March  4,  1626  {O.C.  1218). 

Weddell  is  to  command  the  Royal  James  and  Jonas  during  their 
voyage  to  England,  and  also  the  Afine,  Falcon,  and  Spy  while  they 
remain  in  company;  but  Robert  Young  and  William  Hoare,  the 
cape  merchants  of  the  Javics  and  Jonas,  are  exempted  from  his 
control,  '  in  respect  of  their  longe  service  and  repute  in  the  Com- 
panies affaires.'  As  the  Portuguese  fleet  is  understood  to  be  at 
'  Bombayee ',  great  vigilance  is  enjoined  against  a  possible  attack. 
The  Anne  and  Falcon  are  to  be  dispeeded  to  Batavia  and  Masuli- 
patam  respectively  at  the  first  opportunity.  The  Spy  is  to  go  to 
St.  Augustine's  Bay  and  the  Comoro  Islands,  to  meet  the  fleet 
expected  from  England.  After  separation  from  these  ships  care 
must  be  taken  to  avoid  surprise  by  pirates.  The  ships  should  keep 
together  and  appoint  a  rendezvous  in  case  of  separation.  In  the 
event  of  Weddell's  death,  Clevenger  is  to  take  command,  and 
Goodall  to  be  master  of  the  Jojias.  Should  Clevenger  die,  his 
successor  is  to  be  appointed  by  the  Council,  which  is  to  consist 


124  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

of  Weddell,  Clevenger,  Young,  Hoare,  Goodall,  Swanky,  Eaton, 
and  Wheatley  ;  Man,  Clement,  Wills,  Hawley,  and  Phelps  to  be 
also  members,  so  long  as  they  are  in  company.  Weddell  is  to  have 
a  casting  vote,  as  usual.     {Signed  copy.     3  pp.) 

Instructions  from  President  Kerridge  and  Council 
TO  John  Phelps,  Master  of  the  Spy,  March  4,  1626 
{O.C.  1219). 

To  sail  with  Weddell's  fleet  until  licensed  to  depart,  and  then  to 
make  his  way  to  St.  Augustine's  Bay  in  Madagascar.  Not  finding 
the  expected  ships  there,  he  is  to  leave  letters,  and  proceed  to  the 
Comoro  Islands  to  await  them.  On  meeting  them  he  is  to  put 
himself  under  the  orders  of  the  commander,  and  return  with  him 
to  Surat.  Two  Dutchmen  are  sent  on  his  ship  with  letters  for  their 
expected  fleet.     {Sigmd  copy,     i  /.) 

Joint  Notification  ^  to  Dutch  and  English  Ships  met  by 
the  Spy  [March,  1626]  {O.C.  1220). 

It  has  been  agreed  that  all  English  and  Dutch  ships  bound  for 
India  shall  join  together,  and  proceed  to  a  spot  about  thirty-five 
leagues  from  the  coast  in  latitude  t8°  North,  and  there  ride  from 
the  I  St  to  the  20th  October  to  await  the  ships  expected  from 
Batavia.     {Copy.     1  p.) 

Commission  from  President  Kerridge  and  Council  to 
Joseph  Wills,  Master  of  the  Falcon,  March  4,  1626 
{O.C.  1221). 

His  ship  is  to  proceed  to  Masulipatam,  to  embark  the  goods 
there  provided, '  which  by  \hc  Roses  disaster  remaine  untransported.' 
To  lose  no  time  by  touching  anywhere  on  the  way  ;  but  he  may 
chase  and  capture  any  vessels  belonging  to  Portuguese  ports,  or  to 
Chaul  or  Dabhol  (if  unprovided  with  English  passes).  Any  goods 
thus  taken  may  be  left  at  Masulipatam,  if  required  by  the  factors 
there,  but  the  prisoners  are  to  be  carried  to  Batavia.  On  arriving 
at  Masulipatam  he  is  to  place  himself  at  the  disposal  of  the  Agent ; 
and  similarly  on  reaching  Batavia.     Mr.  Hawley,  the  merchant  of 

1  Signed  by  Kerridge,  Wylde,  and  Martin  for  the  English,  and  by  Van  Speult,  Van 
den  Broeck,  and  Kistgens  for  the  Dutch. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  125 

the  ship,  is  exempted  from  the  master's  control.  The  council  is 
to  consist  of  Wills,  Hawley,  the  chief  mate,  and  the  purser. 
{Signed  copy.     ^\  pp) 

Commission  from  President  Kerridge  and  Council  to 
Eustace  Man,  Master  of  the  Anke,  INIarch  4,  1626  {O.C. 
1222). 

In  similar  terms  to  the  foregoing.  On  arriving  at  his  port 
[Batavia]  the  ship  is  to  be  refitted,  and  they  advise  him  to  cut 
two  bow  ports  on  the  lower  orlop  to  withstand  assaults  by  frigates. 
The  want  of  such  ports  was  a  main  cause  of  the  Lioii  s  disaster. 
In  case  of  Man's  death,  Darby  is  to  succeed.  The  council  is  to 
consist  of  Man,  Clement,  Darby,  and  Thomas  Joyce.  [Signed 
copy.     \\pp) 

Robert  Fox's  Account  of  the  Home\yard  Voyage  of  the 
James  [Marine  Records,  vol.  xxxix). 

1626,  February  8.  Commenced  to  lade  goods.  March  6.  Went 
out  into  the  Road.  March  31.  The  whole  fleet  (five  English  and 
ten  Dutch)  sailed  together.  April  8.  The  pinnace  Spy  parted  com- 
pany for  the  Comoro  Islands,  to  meet  the  fleet  from  England. 
April  II.  Anchored  in  the  Road  of  '  Ewall ',  near  '  Mount  Dellee  ' 
[Mt.  Delly,  on  the  Malabar  Coast].  April  13.  Sailed  again. 
April  16.  The  Falcon  and  Anne  parted  company,  bound  for  ]\Ia- 
sulipatam  and  Batavia  respectively.  April  17.  The  three  Dutch 
ships  {Heitsden,  Nienzv  Bantam,  and  a  Portuguese  prize)  left  for 
Batavia.  April  21.  Crossed  the  Line.  July  7.  Reached  Table 
Bay,  and  found  there  a  Dutch  ship  which  had  left  Masulipatam 
four  months  ago  ^.  Jiily  9.  The  Exchange  and  Christopher  came 
in,  bound  for  Batavia  and  Surat  respectively.  Jnly  17.  Sailed 
with  the  Jonas  and  the  Dutch  ship.  August  6.  Passed  St.  Helena. 
October  6.  Spoke  a  Dutch  man-of-war.  [The  Journal  ends  at  sea 
on  October  I 'J r    '^'J  pp-) 

^  The  David  {Dagh  Register,  1624-29,  p.  290). 

^  The  letters  brought  by  the  James  arid  Jonas  were  delivered  to  the  Company  on 
October  24. 


126  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Richard  Monk's  Account  of  the  same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xl). 

1626,  February  8.  The  James  commenced  to  lade.  March  6. 
Completed  her  lading  and  quitted  the  Hole.  March  26.  The  fleet, 
except  the  Falcon,  went  down  to  the  Bar  of  Surat.  March  29.  The 
merchants  were  put  ashore.  March  31.  The  whole  fleet  sailed. 
April  8.  The  pinnace  departed  for  the  Comoros.  April  11.  An- 
chored at '  Ewall '.  April  13.  Having  taken  in  water  and  live  stock, 
they  sailed  again.  April  16.  The  Falcon  and  Anne  quitted  the  fleet. 
April  17.  Three  Dutch  ships  parted  company.  April  21.  Crossed 
the  Line.  Jnly  7.  Anchored  in  Table  Bay.  Jtdy  9.  The  Exchange 
and  the  Christopher  arrived.  Jidy  17.  Sailed.  August  6.  Saw 
St.  Helena,  but  failed  to  get  into  the  Road.  October  6.  Spoke  a 
Dutch  man-of-war.     (The journal  ends  on  October  16.     ^\pp) 

Francis  Binder's  Account  of  the  same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xlii). 

1626,  March  6.  The  James  went  over  the  bar.  '  The  Bortingall 
lying  with  forces  for  to  oppose  us,  it  was  thought  fitt  to  stay  for  the 
Dutch,  who  wer  lading  som  ships  for  Holland,  som  for  the  Read 
Sea,  &c.,  but  I  rather  thinck  thaill  go  for  Fercie.'  March  31.  The 
whole  fleet  sailed.  April 4..  Off  Chaul  they  took  some  fishermen,  who 
reported  that  the  five  Portuguese  galleons  were  gone  to  the  south- 
wards ;  '  so  som  seven  sayle  of  the  Dutch  ships,  which  wear  under 
the  command  of  on  Spelt,  cheife  in  the  Amboyna  acxtion,  and  bound 
(as  sayd)  for  the  Read  Sea,  left  us.'  April  11.  Anchored  at  '  Ewe  ', 
some  six  leagues  northward  of  Cannanore.  Here  they  bought  plenty 
of  provisions.  April  13.  Sailed.  April  [  ].  The  Anne,  Falcon, 
and  Dutch  left  them.  June  27.  A  violent  storm  separated  the 
James  and  the  Jonas,  but  they  met  again  the  next  day.  Jrdy  4. 
Saw  Cape  Falso.  Jtdy  7.  Reached  Table  Bay,  and  spoke  a  Dutch 
ship  from  the  Coromandel  Coast,  laden  mostly  with  saltpetre. 
Jidy  8.  Anchored  nearer  the  shore.  Jidy  9.  The  Exchange  and 
Christopher  came  in.  July  17.  Sailed.  August  6.  Passed  St. 
Helena.  September  7.  Saw  the  island  of  Flores  [in  the  Azores]. 
{^October']  19.  '  Had  sight  of  Albyon  or  Britanny.'  [Last  entry. 
At  end,  rough  drafts  for  a  letter  to  the  Company,  complaining  of 
his  treatment.     In  all  13//-] 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  127 

Robert  Young  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
March  4,  1626  (O.C.  1223). 

Begs  him  to  take  charge  of  his  goods  left  there  by  Willoughby 
and  dispose  of  them  at  the  prices  formerly  fixed.  Will  deliver  the 
letters  and  tokens  given  him  by  Bangham  at  Ahmadabad.  The 
letter  for  Bangham's  brother,  who  is  at  Batavia,  he  has  delivered  to 
Clement.  Young,  Willoughby,  Hoare,  and  Crispin  [Blackden]  hope 
to  sail  in  four  days  for  home.  Trusts  that  Goodwin  will  invest  the 
money  he  owes  him  in  some  good  commodity  and  send  it  him  next 
year.  Desires  him  to  inquire  into  the  business  of  Willoughby 
regarding  '  the  dufter  [daf/ar,  a  register  or  an  account]  of  Sada- 
cann  '  [Sadr  Khan]  and  bring  the  particulars  home  for  the  informa- 
tion of  the  Company.  P.S. — Commendations  to  '  the  patherrie' 
[?  padre]  and  to  Signor  Barnardine,^  &c.    (i  p.) 

Thomas  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
April 4,  1626  {O.C.  i225).2 

Has  received  his  letters  of  January  15,  and  has  sent  the  '  generall ' 
one  to  England,  that  the  Company  may  perceive  what  has  been 
effected  at  court  and  what  Sir  Francis  Crane  may  expect  for  his 
rich  tapestry.  Regrets  that  Abbot's  emeralds  have  not  been  sold, 
but  trusts  to  hear  better  tidings  shortly.  He  is  now  sorry  that  he 
sent  up  his  own  tapestry,  for  he  could  have  disposed  of  it  to  better 
advantage  and  more  speedily  at  Burhanpur.  If  it  has  not  been  sold 
at  the  Nauroz  [New  Year]  festival,  he  will  be  forced  to  ask  for  its 
return.  Believes  Muqarrab  Khan  would  not  have  been  his  worst 
chapman  both  for  that  and  Kerridge's  other  '  toyes '  ;  however,  he 
is  well  content  to  leave  the  matter  in  Bangham's  hands.  Their  offi- 
cial letter  of  this  date  will  instruct  him  to  hasten  the  dispatch  of  all 
business  at  court  and  then  depart  for  Agra,  taking '  Semyana  '  [Sama- 
na]  in  his  way  '  to  accomplish  that  investment,  if  not  already  effected 
by  Mr.  Offleye'.  They  cannot  write  more  definitely,  because  the 
latter  has  not  replied  to  their  order  for  his  repair  to  that  place.  The 
sailing  of  the  ships  was  deferred  until  March  29,  as  seven  Portuguese 
galleons  were  on  the  coast  and  it  was  thought  advisable  therefore  to 

*  Villentin  Bernadine,  an  Italian  trader:  see  the  volume  for  161S-21,  p.  346. 
^  There  is  a  copy  among  the  O.C.  Duplicates. 


128  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

wait  for  the  company  of  the  Dutch.     {Seal.  Endorsed  by  Bangham 
as  received  vi  Kdbiil  on  May  29,  1626.     i  p.) 

Thomas  Johnson  and  John  Beverley  at  Armagon  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Batavia,  April  19,  1626  [Factory 
Records,  Miscellaneous ,  vol.  ix.  p.  89)  ^. 

On  January  28  '  Mr.  Mille,  myself,  and  Mr.  Byam '  [?  Beverley] 
with  twelve  other  Englishmen  sailed  for  Armagon  in  a  small  boat, 
and  arrived  there  on  February  6.  They  were  courteously  received, 
and  '  the  great  Naico ',  on  hearing  of  their  arrival,  sent  horses  and 
300  \sic\  soldiers  to  conduct  them  to  his  presence.  Leaving  Arma- 
gon on  February  12,  they  arrived  the  same  night  at  '  Poora  \_see 
p.  120],  where  the  great  man  lay  in  siege  against  a  muddy  fort,  with 
24,000  soldiers '.  Two  days  later  he  sent  to  speak  with  them,  and 
they  explained  their  mission  and  delivered  their  present.  Four  days 
later,  they  had  a  second  audience  and  learnt  that  '  the  Dutch  had 
sent  a  cunning,  nimble  Braminy,  with  a  large  present,  to  oppose  us'. 
'To  be  short,  the  Dutch  were  dismissed  :  the  place,  Armagon,  given 
unto  us :  covenants  of  his  and  our  agreements  drawn  ;  and  after- 
wards [he  ?]  bestowed  his  favour  upon  us,  and  withal  told  us  he  had 
given  order  for  a  spacious  compass  of  ground,  whereon  we  might 
build  castle,  house,  or  what  we  thought  fitting  ;  which  is  seated  so 
near  the  seaside  that  we  can  discern  a  ship  three  leagues  off,  and  (as 
reported)  three  or  four  fathom  water  close  aboard  the  shore.'  Pro- 
visions are  plentiful  and  cheap.  A  piece  of  ordnance  promised  to 
the  Nayak,  at  his  urgent  solicitation.  Goods  vendible  here:  lead, 
alum  (as  much  as  may  be  provided),  spices  (much  desired),  damasks, 
velvets,  taffeta,  quicksilver,  vermilion,  saffron,  and  brimstone.  '  Our 
rials  of  eight  are  in  base  esteem  here  and  redound  to  loss,  as  2y\ 
fanams  lost  upon  every  rial,  according  to  our  account-keeping ;  the  rial 
of  eight  worth  no  more  than  12  fanams,  which  should  yield  14 1\  ; 
wherefore,  to  prevent  such  inconveniences,  we  advise  Your  Wor- 
ships that,  haply  you  meeting  with  gold  from  any  subordinate  fac- 
tories, or  from  any  other  parts,  to  send  us  a  good  quantity ;  which 
will  be  the  best  means  to  help  the  loss  of  our  rials  ;  and  the  great 
Naico  hath  promised  to  stamp  us  both  pagodas  and  fanams  also  in 

^  a  transcript  made  in  17S8,  and  marked  '  extracts  '.     It  will  be  noticed  that  the  dates 
given  in  this  letter  differ  both  from  those  on  p.  120  and  those  on  p.  132. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  129 

our  own  house,  paying  i^  per  cent.  The  Dutch  have  good  store  of 
gold,  which  they  stamp  themselves  into  pagodas  and  fanams ; 
whereby  they  have  not  this  whole  year  disbursed  one  rial  to  loss, 
but  pagodas  and  fanams,  to  their  masters'  great  profit.  We  have 
here  enclosed  sent  two  pagodas,  the  one  a  new  pagoda,  worth 
22  fanams,  the  other  an  old  pagoda,  worth  20  fanams,  whereby 
Your  Worships  may  discern  the  fineness,  goodness,  [and  ?]  weight 
of  the  gold.  Furthermore,  we  have  agreed  with  the  great  man 
about  our  custom,  vizt.  we  to  pay  one  per  cent,  for  all  the  goods  we 
bring  into  the  country,  as  [stc]  gold,  rials,  plate  [i.e.  silver]  in 
bullion  excepted  ;  and  those  merchants  we  trade  withal  are  to  pay 
three  per  cent,  for  all  goods  we  transport  out  of  his  lands.  Now  for 
Armagon  :  we  doubt  not  but  that  it  will  prove  according  to  our 
expectation,  for  it  lies  between  Pallicatt  and  Point  Penna  ^,  where 
all  the  prime  paintings  in  this  country  be  made  ;  so  that  merchants, 
painters,  and  weavers  flock  daily  more  and  more,  that  nothing  but 
want  of  means  will  hinder  our  proceedings  ;  which  we  must  refer  to 
Your  Wisdoms'  considerations.  We  have  already  finished  our  walls, 
containing  90  yards  long,  60  broad,  and  4  yards  high  ;  and  are  at 
present  employed  about  the  building  of  a  small  house,  to  secure  our 
masters'  estate.  Brick  [queried  ifi  transcript\  lime  we  have  good 
store ;  but  timber,  planks,  and  ironwork  not  to  be  procured  here  ; 
wherefore,  if  intended  for  any  long  residence,  must  be  expected 
from  your  parts.  We  have  taken  in  a  plot  of  ground  for  a  garden, 
of  like  compass ;  but  intend  to  bestow  little  cost  'till  further  order. 
At  our  entrance  into  building  we  found  a  great  inconvenience  by 
Mr.  Mille's  dealing  with  this  Governor,  putting  money  into  his 
hands  for  the  providing  of  brick,  lime,  tiles,  and  payment  of  coolees' 
wages  ;  which  he,  according  to  the  accustomed  manner  of  heathens, 
hath  exacted  the  one  half  or  above  to  his  own  proper  use  ;  but  we, 
perceiving  the  prejudice  did  arise  thereby,  have,  with  some  difficulty, 
withdrawn  all  business  out  of  his  avaritious  hands  to  our  own  dis- 
posings.'     [11pp.) 

Richard  Wylde  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
April  26,  1626  {O.C.  1226). 

Writes  on  behalf  of  their  good  friends  Benthall  and  Hopkinson. 
The  former  desires  the  return  of  the  100  tumans  which  he  delivered 

^  The  mouth  of  the  Penner  River  is  probably  intended. 

FOSTER    III  K 


J30  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  Bangham  at  Gombroon  in  money  and  goods  :  if  Bangham  will 
remit  the  proceeds  to  Surat,  Wylde  will  see  them  invested  and 
returned  to  Benthall  by  the  next  ship.  Hopkinson  is  likewise 
faulty  in  the  same  kind.  He,  before  departing  for  Mokha,  left  with 
Wylde  a  note  to  satisfy  ^Ir.  Benthall ;  and  in  this  he  specifies  as 
in  the  hands  of  Bangham  and  Goodwin  some  China  damask  and 
cloth  of  gold,  a  bay  horse  (with  bridle  and  saddle)  given  him  by 
Saif  Khan,  and  a  quantity  of  enamel.  According  to  Clitherow, 
Goodwin  sold  the  damasks  and  cloth  of  gold  last  year,  but  he 
has  not  had  the  honesty  to  acquaint  Hopkinson,  or  pay  over  the 
money.  Begs  Bangham  to  show  this  to  Goodwin,  and  to  demand 
an  explanation  ;  also  to  require  him  to  give  an  account  of  the 
Company's  business,  as  he  has  ignored  all  Wylde's  letters  on  the 
subject.  Would  be  glad  to  serve  Bangham  in  any  way.  {Seal  with 
arms.     Endorsed  as  received  Jjinc  2.5,  1626.      i  /.) 

Thomas  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
April  26,  1626  {O.C.  1227). 

Sends  a  copy  of  his  last,  and  again  urges  the  sale  of  his  goods, 
'  least  Manoell  de  Payva  his  brinquos  [Port,  hrinco,  a  toy]  cause 
yours  to  be  disesteemed  and  this  your  cautious  wayting  produce 
my  further  prejudice.  ^lahomett  Chan  ^  will  proove  a  more  noble 
chapman  then  Assuph  Chan,  and  requesitt  it  were  you  wan  his 
favour,'  but  this  he  trusts  Bangham  has  already  effected.  PS. 
(29th)— Has  kept  back  this  letter  three  days  in  hope  of  hearing 
from  Bangham  ;  now  sends  it  off  by  way  of  Burhanpur  and  Agra. 
'  Naderzeman '  \_sec  p.  93]  was  importunate  with  Kerridge  to  write 
to  Bangham  to  sell  him  some  '  tofas ',  but  he  should  not  be  trusted, 
as  he  is  a  base-conditioned  fellow,  who  will  hardly  pay  for  any- 
thing he  buys.  Still,  Bangham  should  speak  him  fair,  and  acknow- 
ledge, if  necessary,  that  Kerridge  has  written  concerning  him. 
[Seal.     Received  June  25.     i  /.) 

Thomas  Johnson  at  Armagon  to  Thomas  Mills  at 
MasuLIPATAM,  May  13,  1626  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous, 
vol.  ix.  p.  loi).- 

'  Armagon  rests  very  hopeful ;  but  the  Dutch  do  what  they  may 

1  Probably  Mahabat  Khan  is  intended.  "  Extracts  made  in  1788. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  131 

to  hinder  our  proceedings  in  all  bordering  places  near  us/  and 
withal  have  given  strict  command  to  all  the  committees  [see  p.  8] 
they  have  to  deal  withal  that,  if  that  they  can  learn  they  sell  to  us, 
the  English,  one  piece  of  cloth,  they  will  cut  off  their  heads  if  ever 
they  come  to  Pallicatt.'  Goods  vendible  here :  spices  and  sandal- 
wood, of  each  a  small  quantity  ;  gold,  lead,  and  alum,  as  much 
as  may  be  procured.  '  Sunvay  the  committee'  [Sarvayya  the 
Komati]  two  days  ago  fled  into  the  government  of  another  Nayak 
with  all  his  family,  but  has  written  that  he  will  pay  what  he  owes. 
'  This  governor  still  persists  in  his  practices  of  villany,  and  would 
fain  take  Surwall's  [sic]  debt  upon  him  ;  but  I  certified  I  could  not 
deal  in  any  kind  concerning  merchandise,  but  for  justice  only,  for 
I  was  strictly  commanded  to  the  contrary.'  '  Our  house  is  in 
a  good  readiness,  and  I  intend  (God  willing)  to  go  and  live  there 
within  this  six  days.'     (3//.)  • 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  May  20,  1626  {/dul,  p.  LOj)r 

'  By  reason  of  the  Dutch's  inveterate  hate  and  malice  all 
passages  round  about  us  are  waylaid,  either  with  a  guard  of 
Dutchmen  or  [by  the  ?]  Governor,  who  they  and  Malaya  together 
put  in;  which  we  make  no  doubt  costs  them  caro  [Port,  caro, 
dear]  ;  so  that  one  piece  of  cloth  cannot  be  procured  from  any 
place  but  by  stealth,  and  great  exactions  of  jounckadge  '■'  besides  ; 
and  if  the  people  be  taken  [they?]  come  in  great  trouble.  We 
trust  it  is  only  their  impatience  for  a  small  season  ;  yet,  howsoever, 
I  doubt  not  but  remedy  will  be  had  in  time  to  frustrate  the  begun 
project.  They  have  proferred  large  gifts  to  this  Naico,  and  bribes 
of  moment  to  the  great  ones  about,  to  get  foothold  in  any  place 
of  his  territories,  that  they  might  become  our  near-bordering 
neighbours;  but  he  in  no  case  will  grant,  but  remain  constant; 
wherefore,  I  beseech  you,  let  him  be  had  in  remembrance.' 
(2i/A) 

'  This  is  borne  out  by  the  Dntch  records  '//ague  Tratiscripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii. 
nos.  239,  240). 

'  An  extract  made  in  17S8. 

2  The  Tamil  chungam,  a  toll  or  duty,  seems  to  be  the  root  word  here ;  see  the  previous 
volume,  p.  104,  where  it  is  spelled  7>/«/<>a«. 

K  2 


332  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Thomas  Johnson  at  Armagon  to  Thomas  Mnxs  at 
Masulipatam,  May  27,  1626  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous, 
vol.  ix.  p.  109).^ 

'  The  Naico  where  Surwaye  the  committee  resides  is  turned 
rebel,  and  his  approach  is  daily  expected  here  b}^  these  townsmen, 
to  the  utter  overthrow  of  this  place  ;  for,  as  they  report,  he  hath 
two  or  three  times  already  burnt  down  this  dispersed  town  down 
to  the  ground  and  carried  away  the  booty,  upon  less  occasion  of 
insurrection  ;  whereupon  the  inhabitants  are  very  fearful,  and  ready 
at  instant  \sic\  except  Bassanna  [?  Basavanna],  who  stands  unto 
us  and  comforts  us.  Wherefore,  we  pray,  at  first  furnish  us  with 
at  least  twelve  good  muskets  and  four  murtherers,  which  we  have 
fitted  to  be  placed  in  the  windows  of  our  new  fair  mansion  brick 
house,  whereof  we  have  taken  possession  six  days  ago,  and  the 
rather  for  security  of  our  persons  as  well  as  our  masters'  estate. 
Six  pieces  of  great  ordnance  are  seriously  desired  and  required 
by  these  people,  for  defence  of  the  town  upon  all  assaults  ;  who 
then  will  stand  unto  us  without  fail.  To  omit  needless  repetition  : 
let  this  Naico  be  remembered.'     (25//.) 

Thomas  Mills  at  Masulipatam  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Batavia,  June  3, 1626  {Ibid.,  p.  113).- 

Steps  taken  to  carry  out  the  President's  orders  regarding  a  settle- 
ment to  the  southwards.  Hired  a  native  boat  of  seven  or  eight 
tons,  and  embarked  with  Johnson,  Byam  [?  Beverley],  and  thirteen 
other  Englishmen,  besides  servants  and  '  blacks  for  rowers '.  They 
started  on  January  29  ^,  concealing  their  intention  from  the  Dutch, 
and  made  their  way  to  Armagon,  about  sixty  leagues  to  the  south- 
wards, where  they  arrived  on  February  10,  the  delay  being  due  to 
contrary  winds  and  currents.  They  were  well  received,  and 
a  messenger  was  dispatched  to  apprise  the  Nayak,  who  was 
besieging   a   fort   about   twenty-four   \sic'\    miles  from  Armagon. 

'  An  extract  made  in  1 788. 
-  Extracts  only,  made  in  1788. 

^  It  has  already  been  pointed  out  that  these  dates  differ  from  those  given  in  the  two 
other  accounts. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  133 

Escorted  by  2co  soldiers,  they  journeyed  to  his  camp,  carrying 
a  small  present  consisting  of  cloves  and  sandal-wood,  '  with  some 
other  toys,  which  we  bought  there.'  Being  only  a  day's  journey 
from  Pulicat,  the  Dutch  heard  of  their  intention,  and  dispatched 
'a  nimble-pated  Bramine',  their  '  scrivan ',  with  a  large  present. 
On  the  approach  of  the  English  the  Nayak  sent  '  some  of  his 
elephants  of  state,  with  such  wild  musick  as  these  countries  afford, 
with  many  of  his  captains  well-mounted,  to  receive  us '.  They  had 
audience  the  next  day,  and  delivered  their  present  to  the  Nayak, 
who  promised  to  comply  with  their  wishes.  His  army  consisted 
of  25,000  men,  besides  workmen  engaged  in  the  trenches.  The 
fort  was  held  by  3,000  men,  and  was  reported  to  be  provisioned  for 
three  years  ;  but  the  Nayak  had  vowed  never  to  '  leave  the  field 
'till  he  brought  it  under  his  subjection ;  which  was  formerly 
belonging  to  his  father,  and  delivered  into  the  charge  of  one  of 
his  captains,  who.  a  little  before  his  death,  revolted  and  gave  it 
over  to  another  great  man,  who  ever  since  hath  held  the  same ; 
and  now,  since  my  return,  by  letters  I  understand  the  besieged 
have  surrendered  it  up  unto  him,  upon  composition  fairly  to  depart 
without  farther  molest '.  These  martial  affairs  delayed  considera- 
tion of  the  business  of  the  English,  but  at  last,  upon  their  suit 
for  a  decision,  the  Nayak  assembled  his  council  and  gave  them 
audience.  Many  of  the  chiefs,  gained  over  by  the  Dutch  emissary, 
spoke  strongly  against  the  desired  concession  ;  but  the  Nayak, 
'  who  by  all  appearance  stands  more  upon  his  promise  than  any 
covet  of  gain  (which  is  a  rare  quality  to  be  found  in  a  heathen},' 
decided  in  favour  of  the  English,  and  granted  most  of  their 
demands.  The  grant  was  '  written  upon  an  ola  [Tamil  olai^ 
a  palm  leaf],  according  to  the  custom  of  those  parts  ',  and  gave 
'  free  liberty  to  buy,  sell,  transport,  or  carry  any  goods  throughout 
his  authority  without  payment  of  a  penny  or  any  molest  whatever, 
the  Dutch  being  absolutely  prohibited  any  trade  in  his  country. 
And  from  [?  for]  what  goods  we  shall  embark  from  out  any  of  his 
ports,  we  are  free  from  payment  of  a  penny  custom  ;  only,  for 
goods  inwards,  one  per  cent,  when  sale  is  made,  but  finding  no 
sale  I  may  embark  the  same  without  payment  of  a  penny.  And 
for  our  accommodations,  we  are  to  make  choice  where  we  thought 
fittest  to  begin  our  habitation,  in  any  place  or  part  of  the  town 


134  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

of  Armagon,  and  withal  to  build  a  fort  or  fortress  when  and  where 
we   thought    most    convenient    for    our    purpose.     But    withal   he 
engaged  me  to  return  unto   [him  ?]  within  three  or  four  months, 
and  made  earnest  suit  for  a  piece  of  ordnance,  with  all  whatsoever 
belonging ;    which  we  could  not   chuse  but   promise  performance, 
in  regard  the  Dutch  proffered  to  furnish  him  with  two.     Now  it 
rests  at  your  disposing  what  bigness  you  will  appoint  for  him,  for 
their  desire  is  to  have  one  that  will  carry  our  big  shot,  and  there- 
fore may  not  be  less  than  a  demi-culverin  ;  which  present  you  may 
please  to  augment  with  some  toys  of  worth,  as  two  or  three  pieces 
of  red  velvet,  a  piece  or  two  of  damask  of  like  colour,  some  four  or 
five  pieces  of  taffeta,  some  pretty  scrutoire  [cabinet,  or  writing- 
desk  :  Fr.  escritoire^  of  Japon,  with  some   English  toys  (if  any), 
or  a  remnant  or  half  piece  of  good  stammel  or  bastard  scarlet  of 
our  country.      The  Dutch  spare  for  no  costs  in  those  kinds,  though 
spent  to  no  other  ends  than  only  to  hinder  us  ;  and  we  may  not  be 
too  sparing  now,  upon  our  first  entrance,  'till  we  have  gotten  good 
footing  of  a  two  or  three  years'  standing,  and  then  we  shall  have 
cause  to  be  more  sparing,  and  notwithstanding  give  good  content. 
But  now  I  will  return  to  this  great  man,  who  having  confirmed 
our  request,  he  invested  [us  ?]  with  his  courtesy  of  some  gilded  and 
painted  clouts,  with  his  gift  of  a  horse  and  a  pallankeene  such  as 
that  time  and  place  would  afford.     So  we  took  leave  of  his  person  ; 
but  his  great  men  being  by  him  commanded  to  conduct  us  some 
few  miles  on  our  way  with  a  troop  of  elephants,  pipes,  and  drums. 
Such  honour  did  he  bestow  upon  us,  beyond  all  expectation.     And 
so  parting,  we  recommended  our  service  to  the  great  man  and  we 
proceeded  on  our  journey  for  Armagon,  where  the  same  day  we 
arrived  :  and  the  day  following,  accompanied  with  the  Governor 
of  the  town,  viewed  all  the  situation  thereof,  and  so  made  our 
choice  where  we  pleased  for  the  building  of  our  habitation  ;  which, 
though  inhabited  by  many,  we  caused  their  houses  to  be  pulled 
down ;  and  there  we  measured  out  so  much  ground  as  we  thought 
fitting  for  our  present  occasions,  being  of  no  less  substance  of  \sic\ 
150  yards  long  and  about  100  yards  broad.     Whereupon  we  set 
awork  twenty  persons  for  the  raising  of  a  made  [sic~\  wall,  thickness 
seven   foot ;    which    ended,   and    bricks   and    lime   in   readiness, 
I    ordered    Mr.   Johnson    to   begin    a   small    habitation    'till   your 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  135 

further  order,  which  is  by  this  time  finished,  notwithstanding  the 
many  threatenings  of  the  Dutch.'  Money  delivered  to  merchants 
to  provide  calicoes  within  five  and  a  half  months.  Johnson  placed 
in  charge  of  the  new  factory,  with  two  Englishmen  to  assist  him. 
Mills  left  Armagon  on  March  i,  and  reached  Petapoli  on  the  4th, 
where  he  found  Trafiford.  He  started  again  the  next  day,  and, 
travelling  overland,  arrived  in  Masulipatam  on  the  6th.  Thinks 
representations  should  be  made  at  Batavia  regarding  the  action  of 
the  Pulicat  authorities  in  opposing  the  English.  It  would  be 
advisable  for  their  better  security  to  erect  a  small  fort  at  Armagon, 
which  could  be  done  for  3,000  rials  of  eight.  It  should  be  provided 
with  a  garrison  of  thirty  Englishmen  and  some  '  blacks  mesticoes 
[half-castes],  which  will  serve  for  small  means  and,  keeping  a  small 
vessel,  may  serve,  upon  all  occasions,  to  go  up  and  down  the  coast 
and  get  their  expenses.  Besides,  were  we  once  fortified,  we  should 
draw  infinite  of  all  sorts  of  people,  and  more  especial  such  as  are 
fitting  our  negotiations,  which  as  yet  keep  aloof  off  for  fear ;  and 
in  time  we  should  get  the  whole  government  of  the  place  into  our 
own  hands.  And  doubt  but,  if  we  continue  thus,  we  shall  be 
subject  to  all  casualties ;  and  the  Dutch  will  never  leave  us  in 
quiet  'till  they  have  by  one  means  or  other  rooted  us  out.  There- 
fore to  lay  a  sure  foundation  we  may  stand  in  despite  of  them,  and 
in  few  years  ruin  their  Pallicatt  and  never  use  a  word  [sic].  They 
practise  daily  some  new  invention  or  other  against  us ;  and  seeing 
that  they  cannot  as  yet  otherwise  revenge  themselves,  have  lately 
beset  the  highways  and  passages  into  this  man's  country,  and  who 
they  meet  withal  that  names  but  Armagon,  that  he  is  going 
thither,  especially  painters  and  weavers,  those  they  torture  and 
abuse  at  their  pleasure,  and  force  them  to  return  for  Pallicatt, 
though  he  came  from  any  other  place.  They  have  likewise  crossed 
the  building  of  our  habitation  by  preventing  their  [sic]  buying  of 
timber  ;  for  lime  and  bricks  there  is  no  want.'  Urges  that  capital 
should  be  sent  to  maintain  the  reputation  of  the  new  settlement 
and  disprove  the  calumnies  of  the  Dutch  ;  and  timber  might  be 
brought  by  the  same  ship.  If  a  fort  is  to  be  built,  some  skilful 
person  should  be  dispatched  to  choose  the  ground.  They  have 
authority  at  Armagon  to  coin  gold,  '  as  fanams,  which  are  of  a  very 
base  metal,  and  pagodas  also ;   for  which  purpose  also  he  hath 


136  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

promised  a  stamp  when  we  shall  have  occasion ;  which  liberty  in 
time  may  prove  very  beneficial  to  our  honourable  masters,  and  is 
used  by  the  Dutch  in  Pallicatt.'     (27^//.) 

Thomas  Mills  at  Masulipatam  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Batavia,  June  10,  1626  {Factory  Records,  Miscel- 
laneous, vol.  ix.  p.  141).^ 

The  Falcon  has  been  unable  to  sail,  owing  to  contrary  winds  : 
and  he  has  this  instant  received  intelligence  from  Armagon  of 
an  impending  attack  on  '■  our  new  plantation  '  by  a  rebel  chief. 
Thinks  this  must  be  some  underhand  contrivance  of  the  Dutch.  Has 
now  sent  thither  three  sailors,  with  six  muskets,  two  murtherers, 
and  a  barrel  of  powder,  in  a  Dutch  vessel  bound  for  Pulicat.  The 
Hollanders  very  willingly  consented  to  land  them  in  passing,  and, 
indeed,  he  finds  '  abundant  kindness  in  all  exterior  matters ',  though 
he  suspects  their  real  intentions.  Urges  speedy  help  for  fortifying 
the  place,  and  encloses  a  request  from  the  inhabitants  for  assistance 
in  its  defence.     (6  //.) 

President  Hawley  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  Thomas 
Harris  [at  Jambi],  June  10,  1626  {O.C.  1229). 

'  The  28th  ditto  February  by  letters  from  Mesulapatan  wee  were 
advertised  of  the  pinnass  Rose  cast  away  in  the  Baye  of  Bejarone,^ 
31  leagues  from  Mesulapatan,  her  goods  all  saved  by  the  Danish 
shipps  and  every  thing  of  worth  safely  delivered  in  Mesulapatan. 
Her  leake  prooved  uncureable  ;  her  hull  therefore  fiered.  By  mor- 
tallity  shee  lost  12  blacks,  5  English  ;  the  rest  all  weake.  The 
goods  of  Musul[apatam]  by  that  disaster  wee  much  want,  but  from 
Surratt  they  sent  the  last  of  March  the  pinnass  Fajilkon  (aboute 
200  tonnes)  to  convey  all  provisions  collected  in  that  factory  with 
the  first  opportunity  for  these  partes.'     On  June  3>  the  Royal  Anne 

*  A  transcript  made  in  1788. 

^  This  appears  to  have  been  the  bay  on  the  north  side  of  the  Godavari  delta.  Pring 
anchored  there  in  161 9,  and  the  name  was  then  given  as  '  Vingeron '  or  'Vengaroone' 
(see  the  volume  for  1618-21,  p.  157,  and  Furchas,  vol.  i.  p.  638).  The  name  is  not 
found  on  modem  maps. 

A  letter  from  the  Dutch  chief  at  Masulipatam  {Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii. 
no.  239)  says  that  the  Rose  stranded  in  January  near  '  Vingerom ',  about  30  miles  north 
of  Masulipatam.  The  Danish  ships  alluded  to  appear  to  have  been  the  Ckristiaensharen 
and  the  IVaterhont, 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  137 

arrived  from  Surat  in  ballast,  with  a  few  provisions  but  no  goods, 
owing  to  the  disaster  to  the  fleet  from  England.  Out  of  four 
vessels  only  one  (the  Falcon)  reached  Surat.  The  Lion,  encountered 
by  five  galleonS;  defended  herself  bravely  and  made  her  escape  to 
Gombroon.  She  had  landed  there  part  of  her  cargo,  when  she  was 
attacked  by  Ruy  Freire's  frigates  ;  and  after  a  stout  defence  fired 
herself.  Her  crew  of  twenty-six  men  leapt  into  the  sea  and  were 
taken  by  the  Portuguese,  who  put  all  but  one  to  death.  The  Pals- 
grave and  DolpJiin,  who  forsook  the  Lion  when  attacked,  were 
pursued  by  the  five  galleons  and  some  frigates,  and  being  overtaken 
made  two  days'  fight,  but  the  event  is  not  known,  except  that  the 
galleons  are  returned  to  '  Bombaja  '  with  the  loss  of  masts  and 
yards.  The  Royal  James  and  Jojias,  both  fully  laden,  parted  with 
the  A7ine  at  Cape  Comorin  about  April  12,  bound  for  England. 
The  Dutch  ships  also  left,  three  for  Batavia  (but  not  yet  arrived), 
and  seven  under  '  the  butcher  Speult '  to  winter  in  the  Red  Sea, 
'  whereof  one  well  laden  for  Holland,  other  three  of  the  Magelayne 
fleete  [see  p.  117],  laden  with  all  manner  of  luggedg,  as  enjoyned  to 
retourne  for  the  States  service,  and  the  rest  of  course  to  stay  for  the 
next  yeares  retourne.'  '  With  these  greate  forces  of  the  Hollanders 
advantage  might  have  been  taken  to  discomfort  the  ennemy,  and 
some  flourishes  the  said  Speult  made,  as  if  he  would  have  sought 
them  in  their  harbours  ;  but  perceiveing  the  President,  Mr.  Kerridge, 
more  forward  then  himself,  upon  faireand  equall  tearmes  which  cutt 
off"  his  advantagious  devices,  he  slonk  his  head  out  of  the  coller,  and 
so  the  project  dying,  the  James,  Jonas,  Ann,  and  Fanlkon  proceeded 
on  their  severall  voyages  and  left  the  said  Speult  unto  his  designes.' 
These  disasters  will  occasion  much  distraction  in  the  Company's 
affairs,  especially  if  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  be  lost,  *  inasmuch 
as  our  rivalls  of  Holland  are  afloate,  for  their  fleete  out  of  Holland 
arrived  in  Swally  Roade  three  days  before  the  Portugall  gallioons 
came  to  have  intercepted  both  them  and  us,  but  ours  fell  right  into 
their  mouthes,  which  might  in  a  reasonable  manner  have  been 
righted  by  the  Hollanders  meerely  accidentally,  for  the  said  gal- 
lioons, retourning  after  the  fight  with  our  shipps  with  loss  of  masts, 
&c.,  were  mett  withall  by  three  Holland  shipps  sent  from  hence 
purposely  for  men  of  warr,  yet  passed  one  by  th'other  without 
shott  or  the  least  showe  of  offence.     In  all  which  the  Lord  seemeth 


138  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

setting  att  the  ruther  to  guide  each  action  for  His  owne  purposes ; 
and  assuredly,  howsoever  the  one  or  th'other  may  attribute  unto 
themselves  success  or  improvidence,  yet  all  is  His  doings  and  none  is 
made  so  happy  but  he  hath  cause  to  vale  the  bonnett,  nor  anyone 
so  unhappy  but  with  good  reason  he  may  give  God  thanks  for 
so  miraculous  deliverance  ;  for  well  might  all,  both  Dutch  and 
English,  have  been  intercepted  by  the  Portugalls,  had  not  a  storme 
first  putt  them  from  their  ankors  att  Swalley ;  two  of  them  perrished, 
and  the  rest  so  dispersed  that  both  the  Ann,  Jo7ias,  Faidkon,  and 
three  Dutch  shipps  out  of  Holland,  though  straghingly,  yet  arrived 
in  safety  without  resistance.'  The  Lion  saved  its  best  treasures  and 
sold  the  rest  dearly  ;  and,  as  the  fate  of  the  others  is  yet  uncertain, 
the  loss  is  not  so  great  as  it  might  have  been.  The  Dutch  have 
escaped  without  loss  of  goods,  yet  their  reputation  is  '  erased  ',  first 
for  refusing  to  go  out  with  the  English  when  the  Portuguese  chal- 
lenged both  nations  at  Swally,  and  secondly  for  passing  by  the 
'  tottered  '  galleons  without  attacking  them.  '  If  anything  may  be 
alluded  to  the  Portingalls  for  praise,  it  is  their  better  resolucion 
showed  now  more  then  in  former  tymes  ;  but  their  gaine,  for  ought 
that  wee  can  understand,  is  nothing  att  all.'  It  will  be  a  warning  to 
the  English  to  unite  their  forces  before  entering  Swally,  lest  they  be 
again  waylaid.     {Extracts  only,     '^^pp-) 

Thomas  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Baxgham  at  Court, 
June  10,  1626  {O.C.  1230). 

Knows  not  whether  to  write  or  not,  so  much  having  been  said  to 
so  little  purpose.  The  general  letter  will  show  how  sensible  they 
are  of  his  long  silence,  and  Kerridge  in  particular,  and  wearied  with 
many  unexpected  excuses  and  delays.  The  Company  have  often 
urged  that  '  returnes  is  the  life  of  trade ',  and  the  merchant  who 
only  counts  his  gains  without  regarding  the  time  lost  will  make 
a  poor  reckoning  in  the  end.  '  The  trade  of  these  parts,  even  from 
porte  to  porte,  and  from  hence  to  England,  doth  answere  50  per 
cento  in  a  yeares  time.'  If  Bangham  cannot  make  sale  of  the  goods, 
he  will  no  doubt  return  them  ;  *  and  I  will  have  patience  howsoever.' 
Requests  information  as  to  the  price  of  Mr.  Barker's  carpets. 
{Endojscd  as  received  Angiist  1 2.     ^p.) 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  139 

Thomas  Barker,  John  Purifie,  Robert  Loftus,  and 
George  Smith  at  Ispahan  to  the  Company,  June  14,  1626 
{O.C  1228). 

John  Benthall  sent  from  Gombroon  on  May  21  '  the  news 
(heard  from  an  English  renegade)  that  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin 
after  their  fight  at  Daman  surprised  a  Portuguese  ship  bound  from 
Muskat  to  Goa  with  horses  and  took  her  into  Surat,  where  they  re- 
mained till  the  fleet  returned  from  Persia ;  also  that  ten  ships  had 
been  seen  to  the  eastward  of  Muskat^  which  it  is  hoped  are  English. 
{Extract  only.     ^  p.) 

Richard  Wylde  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
July  31,  1626  {O.C.  1232). 

Received  on  the  5th  his  letter  of  May  31  from  Kabul.  As 
regards  Benthall's  goods,  he  marvels  that  Bangham  should  have 
had  so  small  consideration  of  a  friend's  estate  as  to  retain  it  so  long 
'  without  ordering  him  his  retourne  '.  Notes  that  he  now  proposes 
to  request  Mr.  Offley  to  invest  the  money  in  indigo  and  turban- 
cloths.  Whether  such  things  are  vendible  in  Persia  Wylde  does 
not  know,  but  certainly  they  cannot  now  arrive  in  time  to  be  sent 
thither  this  year,  though  this  might  easily  have  been  done  had  the 
money  been  remitted  to  Surat.  Blames  him  for  the  obscurity 
of  his  advices,  both  as  regards  the  Company's  affairs  and  these 
private  matters,  and  warns  him  that  his  reputation  will  suffer. 
Urges  the  speedy  transmission  of  an  exact  account  for  entrance  in 
the  Surat  books,  and  also  a  narrative  of  his  proceedings.  Reiterates 
his  demand  for  particulars  of  Hopkinson's  goods  left  in  Banghams 
hands.     {Damaged.     ^\PP-) 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Friday  at  Batavia  to  [Peter]  Bell 
[at  Jambi],  August  25,  1626  {O.C.  1233). 

The  Ajtne  arrived  very  leaky  and  has  been  broken  up.  Four 
great  galleons  from  Lisbon  came  to  Surat  Bar  and  challenged  the 
English  and  Dutch,  '  shippe  to  sh[ippe]  or  all  together ',  but  they 
refused.     Meanwhile  arrived  the  fleet  from  England,  and  fought 

^  See  Far/ory  Recm-ds,  Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  191.  The  intelligence  (which  was  derived 
from  an  Englishman  who  had  come  in  a  frigate  from  Dabhol)  was  entirely  untrue. 


140  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

with  them  for  three  days.  The  Lion  was  boarded  thrice  and  the 
master,  [Richard]  Swanley,  slain,  but  valiantly  freed  herself.  The 
Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  abandoned  her  and  fled,  whilst  the  ships  at 
Swally  '  most  basely  lay  still ',  in  spite  of  Kerridge's  remonstrances. 
The  Lion  reached  Gombroon,  where  she  was  assaulted  by  Ruy 
Freire's  frigates,  and  after  a  brave  defence  was  blown  up  by  her 
crew.  The  Portuguese  saved  the  men,  but  presently  hanged  them, 
except  one  ^  whom  they  sent  to  Kerridge  with  letters.  In  conse- 
quence of  these  events,  the  Surat  factors  are  all  idle,  having 
no  funds  to  make  investments.  They  sent  a  pinnace  to  Mohilla  to 
look  for  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  and  to  advise  any  ships  from 
Europe  to  await  the  Dutch  fleet  from  the  Red  Sea  at  a  given 
rendezvous.  The  James  and  Jonas  have  gone  for  England  richly 
laden.     [Damaged,     i  /.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  '  Guxdeven  '  -  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  September  26,  1626  {O.C.  1235). 

Asks  for  the  return  of  a  bill  in  order  that  he  may  write  it  better, 
'  for  if  j\Ir.  Page  seese  itt  soe,  hee  will  judg  mee  to  be  dronke 
att  itts  writing,  which  I  confese  is  the  troath.'  Will  duly  advise 
the  latter  with  a  view  to  early  payment.  Encloses  another  bill, 
'  which  is  handsomer '.     (i  /.) 

John  Vian's-  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Discovery 
TO  Surat  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xliii.  p.  1). 

1626,  April  7.  Sailed  from  Gravesend,  in  company  with  the 
William  and  the  Blessing.  April  16.  Quitted  the  Downs,  the 
Morris  being  now  with  them.  April  19.  Lost  sight  of  the  Lizard 
at  noon.  July  30.  Anchored  at  Johanna,  in  the  Comoros. 
Augzist  13.  The  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  arrived  from  Mohilla. 
Angnst  21.  Sailed.  September  21.  Met  six  Dutch  ships  from  the 
Red  Sea.  September  23.  The  two  fleets  anchored  in  lat.  18°  10'  N. 
September  26.  Sailed  again.  October  4.  Anchored  near  Swally. 
(1 71 /A) 

'  Taylor  (see  p.  50)  gives  his  name  as  Thomas  Winterbome  (cf.  Court  Minutes, 
Nov.  27,  1626). 

^  Some  place  on  the  way  between  Lahore  and  Samana  (probably  not  far  from  the 
former). 

^  Master's  mate,  and  afterwards  master. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  141 

David  Davis's^  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xliv.  p.  i). 

1626,  April  7.  Sailed  from  Gravesend.  April  16.  After  leaving 
the  Downs,  they  fell  in  with  a  Dutch  fleet  bound  for  Rochelle,  and 
kept  company  until  the  22nd.  April  24.  Spoke  an  Irish  barque 
from  Rochelle,  and  bought  some  oranges.  ]\Iay  3.  Saw  Porto 
Santo  [near  Madeira].  May  27.  Crossed  the  Line.  July  3.  Saw 
the  African  coast  near  Cape  Agulhas.  July  29.  Anchored  at 
Johanna.  August  21.  Sailed.  September  17.  Met  six  Hollanders. 
October  3.    Anchored  near  Old  Swally.     (23^//.) 

Andrew  Warden's  ^  Account  of  his  Voyage  to  Surat 
IN  THE  William  {Ibid.,  vol.  xlv.  p.  i). 

1626,  April  16.  Sailed  from  the  Downs.  May  27.  Crossed  the 
Line.  July  2%.  Sighted  the  Comoro  Islands.  July 'Tp.  Anchored 
at  Johanna.  August  21.  Having  refreshed  their  sick  men  and 
obtained  a  store  of  provisions,  the  fleet  sailed  for  India.  Septem- 
ber 7.  The  longboat  lost  with  two  men.  October  3.  Anchored 
near  Swally.     (17I  pp) 

Robert  Tottle  at  Samana  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
October  9,  1626  {O.  C.  1236). 

Has  taken  certain  calicoes  from  Mr.  Offley's  peon  and  sent  him 
away  discontented.  Has  written  to  Mr.  Offley  that  his  peons 
ought  not  to  meddle  with  this  commodity,  '  which  beloungeth  to 
our  masters  cercare  '."    Happening  to  meet '  Shecke  A  [  ]  ' 

at  the  river,  Tottle  saluted  him,  hoping  to  get  over  at  a  cheaper 
rate ;  but  he  had  to  pay  all  the  same.  Will  take  great  care  in 
buying  cloth.  P.S. — Begs  him  to  bring  Tottle's  account  of  house- 
hold expenses  with  him,  in  order  that  he  may  rewrite  it.  P. P.S. — 
Is  keeping  half  a  cheese  against  his  arrival.  *  Your  pions  arrived  hear 
the  8th  ditto  att  tesrepoore  ■*.'    [Damaged.     Received  Oct.  14.    1  p.) 

^  Another  master's  mate  in  the  Discovery.  He  reckons  from  noon  to  noon,  and  his 
dates  frequently  differ  from  those  given  by  his  colleagues. 

*  He  was  a  master's  mate.  His  journal  is  neatly  written,  but  the  spelling  is  extra- 
ordinary (see  p.  144). 

^  Hind,  sarkar;  see  note  in  the  1618-21  volume,  p.  160. 

*  Hind,  tisra-pahar,  '  the  third  watch,'  i.e.  12.0  till  3.0  p.m. 


142  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Joseph  Hopkinson  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  [at 
Lahore],  October  14,  1626  {O.C.  1237). 

Sends  him  five  letters  [from  England  ?]  and  has  opened  a  sixth, 
which  was  addressed  by  Bangham's  brother  Nicholas  to  him  and 
Hopkinson  jointly.  Marvels  that  he  has  heard  nothing  from  him 
or  Goodwin  about  the  goods  in  their  hands.  Begs  him  to  write, 
and  in  case  Hopkinson  has  returned  to  England  to  address  his 
letters  to  Richard  Wylde.  Has  just  got  back  from  a  hard  voyage 
to  Mokha  and  is  somewhat  unwell.  Mr.  Barber  and  William 
Gibson  are  come  out  as  factors,     (i  p.) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Attack  on  Bombay  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xliii.  p.  18). 

1626,  October  8.  The  Dutch  and  English  fleets  sailed  from 
Swally.  October  10.  Met  two  Dutch  ships,  the  Zierikzee  and 
Wapen  \yan  Zeeland\{xQ)VC\.  Batavia.  October  12.  Anchored  five 
miles  off  '  Bumbay ',  '  we  thinkinge  our  enimye  the  Portingall  had 
bene  there,  but  he  was  not  theare  with  anie  shipps.'  October  13. 
'  We  and  the  whole  fleete,  both  of  English  and  Duch,  went  into 
Bumbay  and  came  to  an  anckor  in  9  fatham ;  one  pointe  beareing 
WNW.  per  compasse,  the  other  SSW.  ;  the  one  3  mile  off,  the 
other  3  leagus  of.  This  was  in  the  entringe  of  the  harbor.' 
October  14.  'This  daie  we  went  with  the  whole  fleete  in  farther, 
neare  a  smalle  towne  or  village,  where  there  were  Portingalls. 
Wee  anckored,  and  rode  a  mile  of  in  6  faddam,  one  point  per 
compasse  beareinge  WSW.  5  mile  of,  the  other  S.  &  by  W.  some 
5  leagues  of.  Wee  came  soe  neere  the  towne  with  two  of  our 
shipps  that  wee  drove  them  all  awaye  with  our  great  ordnance, 
viz.  the  Morrice  of  the  English  and  the  Mauritius  of  the  Duch. 
In  safetie  we  landed  our  men  on  shore,  whoe  pilladged  the  towne 
and  set  their  houses  all  on  fire,  with  their  fort  neere  the  water  side. 
Yea,  we  staide  there  the  15th  daye,  doeinge  all  the  spoyle  that 
possiblie  we  could  ;  but  we  gott  nothinge  to  speake  of  but  vittuall. 
Soe  when  wee  had  done  all  the  harme  we  could,  the  15th  daye  in 
the  evening  wee  gott  our  men  aboord,  leaveinge  the  towne  on  fire. 
And  the  16  daie  in  the  morneinge,  when  the  winde  cam  of  shore, 
wee  wayed  anckor  and  went  off  to  sea  againe.'     October  17  and  18. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  143 

*  We  plied  it  for  Surratt  againe,  seeinge  wee  could  not  meete  with 
the  Portingalls  shipps,  for  we  came  purposlie  to  meete  them,  and 
did  seeke  for  them.'  October  ai.  Met  the  Christopher  between 
Gandevi  and  Surat  Bar.  October  23.  Anchored  near  Swally. 
October  24.  The  Williain,  Blessing,  Discovery,  Morris,  and 
Christopher  went  into  '  Swallie  Swack '.  October  25.  The  Pals- 
grave and  Dolphin  came  in  also.     {\\  pp.) 

David  Davis's  Account  of  the  Same  Inxident  {Ibid., 
vol.  xliv.  p.  24). 

1626,  October  8.  The  allied  fleets  sailed.  October  9.  !Met  the 
Zierikzee  and  Wapen  van  Zeeland.  October  11.  Anchored  '  in  the 
offinge  before  Bombaye '.  Consultation  held  aboard  the  William. 
October  1 2.  '  We  waied  and  sayled  in  neere  the  going  into  the 
baye,  to  see  yf  the  Portingalls  weare  then  And  the  comanders 
sent  their  shallupps  to  chase  fisher  boats  that  weare  in  the  offing, 
wherof  they  tooke  two,  the  one  loaden  with  sault,  which  came  out 
of  the  baye,  the  other  a  fisher  boate.'  October  13.  '  We  went  into 
the  baye  and  roade  without  the  stakes,  as  you  maye  see  in  the 
draft  following.'  ^  October  14.  '  The  Moris  and  two  Dutch  shipps 
went  in  neere  the  greate  howse  to  batter  agaynst  it ;  in  which 
batterie  two  of  the  Moris  ordnance  splitt.  The  same  daie  we 
landed  300  men,  Englishe  and  Dutch,  and  burnt  all  their  kittjonns 
howses,-  and  tooke  the  greate  howse,  with  two  basses  of  brasse  and 
one  fakon  of  iron.'  ^  October  15.  'All  our  men  embarkqued  aboorde 
the  shipps,  being  Sonday  in  the  evening,  and  lefte  the  greate  howse, 
which  was  boath  a  warehowse,  a  friery,  and  a  forte,  all  afire  burning 
with  many  other  good  howses,  together  with  two  nywe  frigetts  not 
yett  frome  the  stockes  nor  fully  ended  ;  but  they  hadd  caried 
awaye  all  their  treasur  and  all  things  of  any  valine,  for  all  were 
runde  awaye  before  our  men  landed.'  October  16.  'In  the  morn- 
ing we  wayed  and  sayled  out  of  Bumbaye.'  October  21.  The 
Christopher  joined  them.  October  23.  Anchored  in  Swally  Road. 
October  25.    Went  over  the  bar.     (3^  //.) 

'  See  the  frontispiece  and  introduction. 

'^  Houses  thatched  with  cadjan,  i.  e.  the  leaves  of  the  coco-palm. 

'  The  '  base '  was  the  smallest  kind  of  cannon  in  use,  with  a  bore  of  little  more  than 
an  inch.     The  '  falcon  '  was  a  larger  size,  with  a  bore  of  two  and  a  half  inches. 


144  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Another  Account  by  Andrew  Warden  [Marine  Records, 
vol.  xlv.  p.  1 8). 

1626,  October  8.  Sailed  to  meet  the  expected  Dutch  and  English 
ships  and  protect  them  against  the  Portuguese.  October  10.  Met 
two  Dutch  vessels.  The  fleet  now  numbered  fourteen  sail. 
October  12.  Anchored  four  leagues  from  'Bumbaye'.  October  15. 
'  In  the  moringn  stode  in  and  ankred,  and  landed  of  the  Eingles 
and  the  Duche  sum  400  meane  at  the  leaste,  and  tooke  the  forte 
and  casell  and  the  towne,  and  sett  fire  of  it  and  all  the  towne  and 
all  the  howesein  theraboutes,  the  pepell  being  all  run  away  that 
night  and  ded  caray  away  all  the  best  cometeies  [commodities], 
levein  nothein  butt  trashe.'  October  16.  'In  the  moringen  we  sete 
sayle  and  came  out  to  seae.'  October  21.  Anchored  with  the 
Christopher  off  Surat  Bar.  A  boat  brought  orders  from  the 
President  for  the  ships  to  go  to  Diu  Head,  but  as  water  was 
scarce  it  was  decided  to  make  for  Swally.  October  24.  Anchored 
in  the  Hole.     {1  pp.) 

President  Hawley  and  Council  at  Batavia  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  October  t8,  1626  [Factory 
Records,  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  377). 

Wrote  last  on  July  24  by  Gregory  Clement,  who  went  as  a  pas- 
senger in  one  of  the  two  Dutch  ships  of  defence.  The  Falcon 
reached  Masulipatam  on  May  i,  and  was  dispeeded  thence  on 
June  IT,  but  did  not  arrive  at  Batavia  until  September  21  \see 
p.  145].  On  October  8  the  Exchange  came  in  from  England, 
bringing  40,000  rials  ;  and  in  consequence  they  are  now  dispatching 
the  pinnace  Abigail  to  Masulipatam  with  50,000  rials  in  cloves, 
sandal-wood,  turtle-shells,  Japan  plate,  and  money.  '  A  small 
shew  will  it  make  in  the  distracted  factory,  now  divided  with  more 
hast  then  good  speed  (to  accomodate  those  factoryes  janglings) 
into  three  parts,  viz.  to  Muslapatam,  Pettapoly,  and  Armagong, 
which  wee  confesse  were  not  inconvenient  had  wee  meanes  to 
maintaine  trade,  and  some  of  them  wee  v^^ished,  to  supply  us  with 
paintings,  yet  should  wee  have  forborne  them  unto  \sic^  our  plenty 
had  been  better.'  To  add  to  their  troubles,  Mr.  Mills,  the  chief,  'is 
so  blemished  with  accusation  that,  without  eclypsinge  ourselves,  hee 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  145 

cannot  bee  contynued  untill  a  juditiall  purgation  may  passe  ;  his 
second,  Trafford,  suddenly  dead  ;  a  third  there  is  of  reasonable 
sufficiency,  but  alack  what  is  that  to  manage  those  dispersed 
factoryes?'  Are  consequently  obliged  to  furnish  them  with  in- 
experienced newcomers.  As  the  ship  is  departing  in  a  hurry,  to 
save  the  monsoon,  they  cannot  write  at  length.  Blame  the  neglect 
of  the  Company  in  not  sending  larger  supplies  of  money,  for  want 
of  which  all  their  efforts  are  fruitless.  Hope  that  the  Surat  factors 
will  furnish  them  with  a  large  consignment  of  calicoes  and  money, 
which  they  will  repay  at  the  first  opportunity.  Send  some  local 
news.  Accuse  Gregory  Clement  of  connivance  with  Jonas  Colbach 
in  private  trade.     {Copy.     ■\pp^ 

The  Same  to  Thomas  Mills,  [Thomas]  Johnson,  and 
[Robert]  Hawley  at  Masulipatam,  October  18,  1626  [Ibid., 
p.  382). 

Enclose  copy  of  their  last  letter  of  June  17.  The  Falcon  arrived 
September  25,^  and  her  Dutch  consort  three  days  later.  Her 
master,  [Joseph]  Wills,  died  during  the  voyage,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Price.  Complaints  of  negligent  stowage,  &c.  Now  answer 
their  letters  of  May  4  and  June  3,  10  and  11.  Note  their  account 
of  the  wreck  of  the  Rose^  and  appreciate  their  efforts  to  save  the 
cargo,  with  their  '  friendly  furtherance  by  the  Danish  Generall '. 
Cannot  account  for  the  loss  in  weight  found  in  its  lading,  unless 
some  of  the  private  traders  made  up  their  own  stocks  from  the 
Company's.  'Your  project  for  Armagon,  your  expedition  thether, 
your  entertaynement  there,  and  your  successe  with  the  Naique 
wee  both  understand  and  well  approve  ;  yet  wee  must  confesse  it 
had  well  contented  us  if  deferrance  of  settling  had  been  understood 
\sic\  of  yourselves  untill  with  provision  wee  might  more  sufficiently 
have  made  our  first  entrance  then  now  our  conveniencyes  will  give 
us  leave.  But  what  is  past  shall  well  please  us,  and  wee  doubt  not 
of  a  convenient  and  happy  habitation  ;  for  which  accomodation 
wee  now  send  you  20  men,  whereof  some  artificers,  the  rest 
souldiers  .  .  .  Our  Ensigne  Smith  wee  also  send  to  traine  and  lead 
them.'  Have  now  forwarded  such  stores  and  necessaries  as  could 
be  spared ;    vvhat  is  wanting  must  be  supplied  locally.     Timber, 

'  This  date  is  confirmed  by  the  Dagh  Register. 

FOSTER    Ml  I> 


146  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

they  think,  must  be  available  from  the  store  left  at  :\ra?ulipatam  by 
the  Hart,  and  they  %vould  be  glad  if  the  surplus  were   sent  to 
Batavia.     Mr.  Johnson  is  to  be  chief  in  that  factory  [Armagon]  ; 
and  Nicholas  Bix  and  Thomas  Grove  are  now  sent  to  assist  him. 
For  household  officers  they  may  choose  among  the  soldiers.     For 
Petapoli.  Lawrence  Henley,  Arthur  Fowkes,  and  Simon  Dyott  are 
sent :  but  the  question  of  continuing  or  dissolving  that  factory  is 
left  to  be  decided  at  Masulipatam.    With  regard  to  their  complaint 
against  the  Dutch  of  Pulicat,  some  conference  has  been  had  with 
the  chiefs  here,^  who  professed  ignorance,  'yet  shewed  signes  of 
discontent  that  wee  should  come  so  neer  unto  them,  considering 
the  multitude  of  other  plases  farther  off,  allaginge  many  incon- 
veniencies  by  trusting  \sic\  interminglinge,  and  inhansing  of  com- 
modities  by   this    kind    of  plantation;'    in  reply  to  which  they 
assured  them  of  their  friendly  intentions,  and  that  their  settling  at 
ArmacTon  '  was  for  no  other  end  but  for  accomodations  of  paintings, 
and  the  place  meerly  by  chance  fallen  upon '.      Urge  the  main- 
tenance of  friendly  relations  with  Pulicat.     Are  sorry  the  saltpetre 
was  kept  back,  as  they  would  have  been  glad  to  send  it  to  England 
in  the  London  for  a  trial.    Regret  the  death  of  Mr.  Trafford  and 
marvel  that  his  accounts  were  found  in  bad  order ;  possibly,  how- 
ever  some  have  been  overlooked.     Blame  the  course  taken  with 
his  estate,  and  the  remissness  with  which  the  inventory  was  com- 
piled      As  Mr.   Mills   has   not   answered    the   accusations   made 
against  him.  he  is  to    return    in  the  Abigail,  leaving  the  bearer, 
George  Brewen.  as  chief  in  his  place.     First,  however,  they  look 
to  him  =  for  the  delivery  of  our  letter  and  present  unto  the  Naick 
of  Armagon  ;  yet   not  so  much  for  a  bare  delivery  as  that  your 
assistance  and  furthrance  may   be  at  hand   for  the  agreeing    of 
priviledges  with  the  said  Naick  -.  which  you  may  demand  under 
hand  and  scale,  or  as  their  manner  is,  according  to  these  prescrip- 
tions herinclosed    \_not  extant]    both  in  English  and  Portugueese 
(which  wee  doubt  not  will  bee  inteligible  unto  you),  and,  as  we 
hope  are  such  as  can  with  no  reason  be  denyed.    Part  wee  perceive 
are  already  agreed,  which  wee  will   not  alter ;    but  the  rest  wee 
desire  may  bee  punctually  granted  if  possible :  and  whatsoever  els 
m  your  owne  conceits  you  find  convenient  may  of  yourselves  bee 

'  See  the  Dagh  Register,  p.  291. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  147 

moved.'     They  trust  that  Mills  will  be  able  to  efifect  this  and  yet 
return  hy  the  A  di^-ail ;  but  if  he  cannot,  and  there  is  no  one  else 
who  can  suitably  undertake  it,  he  may  stay  until  the  next  ship. 
Eustace  Man,  master  of  the  Abigail,  is  to  be  admitted  to  consulta- 
tions during  his  stay.     Trust  that  the  dissensions  in  the  factory  will 
be  healed.     Approve  the  retention  of  Robert  Hawley  to  assist  in 
the  factory.     He  is  hereby  appointed  second  to  Mr.  Brewen,  and 
his  wages  are  increased  to  40/.,  rising  by  10/.  per  annum.     Richard 
Hudson,^  who  came  out  in  the  Anne,  has  asked  for  employment, 
and  is  appointed  an  assistant  accordingly  ;  his  wages  will  be  fixed 
on  receipt  of  a  report  on  his  abilities  and  character.     Have  received 
the  specimens  of  gold  coin,  but  can  do  nothing  in  the  matter  at 
present.    It  is  strange  that  the  advantage  of  using  this  specie  in 
place  of  rials  has  not  been  brought  to  their  notice  before.     Cannot 
advise  them  as  to  the  sale  of  Mr.  Harby's  coral  ;  their  own  experi- 
ence must  serve.     The  disposal  of  the  cargo  of  the  Abigail  is  left 
to  their  discretion  ;  but  a  friendly  understanding  should  be  main- 
tained with  the  Dutch  in  regard  to  the  commodities  in  which  they 
are  interested.     The  bar  lead  in  the  ship  is  to   be  returned   to 
Batavia,  unless  a  specially  good  price    should  be  offered  for  it. 
They  would  be  glad  of  two  or  three  'basse  cables '  [coir  ropes?], 
which  they  hear  are  made   in    those  parts.     Enclose  a  book  of 
instructions  for  account-keeping  and  other  matters.     The  present 
for  the  Nayak  of  Armagon  is  described  in  the  invoice  ;  the  manner 
of  its  delivery  is  left  to  the  factors,  who  are  also  at  liberty  to  alter 
the  draft  demands  of  privileges.    The  Abigail  should  be  back  at 
Batavia  by  the  end  of  January,  in  order  that  she  may  proceed  to 
England.     Supply  of  victuals  to  the  ship's  company,  &c.      The 
appointment  of  a  clerk  or  purser  at  Armagon  to  keep  accounts  will 
be  necessary.    The  factories  are  to  be  '  maintained  with  civill,  sober 
men ',  and  negligent  or  debauched  persons  or  common  drunkards 
should  be  discarded.     Trust  that  the  soldiers  for  Armagon  will  be 
found  sufficiently  equipped.     As  for  the  Rose's  men,  '  already  there 
in  service,'  they  may  either  be  returned  or  added  to  the  garrison. 
'  Ensigne  Smith,  there  leader,  latly  com  forth  of  England  under 

'  Son  of  the  Arctic  explorer.  For  a  notice  of  his  career  see  Letters  deceived,  vol.  v. 
p.  II ;  to  which  may  be  added  that  he  became  chief  at  Balasor  in  August,  1647,  and 
died  there  early  in  the  following  year. 

L  2 


148  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

that  denomination,  wee  have  graced  with  the  title  of  lieuetenant, 
for  now  hee  is  a  leader ;  and  wee  make  no  doubt  but  hee  will 
deserv^e  that  tytle,  for  hee  seemeth  to  bee  a  civill,  well  demeaned 
gentleman,  and  is  appoynted  to  dyeet  at  the  marchants  table.'^ 
P.S. — The  letter  for  Surat  is  left  open  for  perusal.  Enclosures : 
(i)  Invoice  of  goods  laden  in  the  A dtgail,  3.mounting  to  52,101  rials 
22;  (2)  a  list  of  cotton  goods  in  demand  at  Batavia,  &c.  ;  (3)  the 
purser's  receipt ;  (4)  list  of  military  stores,  carpenters'  tools,  &c., 
sent.     ( Copies.     In  all  1 3  //.) 

George  Muschamp  at  Batavia  to  George  Brewen  [bound 
FOR  Masulipatam],  OCTOBER  1 8,  1626  {Factory  Records,  Java, 
vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  400). 

The  gold  delivered  to  him  on  the  joint  account  of  the  writer  and 
Mr.  Bix  is  to  be  sold  and  the  proceeds  returned  in  cotton  cloths. 
The  small  box  of  pearls  may  be  disposed  of  for  less  than  the 
invoiced  prices  if  necessary  ;  and  the  proceeds  should  be  invested 
in  the  same  manner.  Desires  two  doublets  of  white  'gingam, 
imbrodered  with  mogo '  \see  p.  25],  cut  to  the  accompanying 
pattern.     {Copy.     1  p.) 

Richard  Steel  at  Batavia  to  the  Same,  October  19, 
1626  {Ibid.,  p.  399). 

Begs  him  to  ask  Mills  to  remit  ico  rials  by  exchange  to  President 
Kerridge,  in  order  that  it  may  be  sent  to  England  for  the  relief  of 
Steel's  wife  and  family.  If  Mills  objects  to  do  this  on  the  security 
of  the  goods  in  his  hands  belonging  to  Steel,  the  latter  desires 
Brewen  to  advance  the  money  to  him.  The  rest  should  be  invested 
in  suitable  commodities,  including  wearing  apparel.  P.S. — Mills 
is  to  be  persuaded  to  '  put  of  those  Jewells  '.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

Gabriel  Hawley  to  the  Same,  October  19,  1626  {Ibid., 
p.  401). 

A  consignment  of  nutmegs,  mace,  alum,  and  gold,  to  the  value  of 
981  rials,  is  to  be  delivered  to  Robert  Hawley.  The  alum  belongs 
to    the   President    (Henry   Hawley).      A  proportion   of  the   gold 

*  Apparently  he  was  the  first  English  military  officer  to  serve  in  India.  Nothing 
has  been  traced  regarding  his  appointment.     His  Christian  name  was  Osmond. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  149 

(to  the  value  of  262!  rials)  is  to  be  paid  to  Richard  Hudson.  Any 
proceeds  of  the  consignment  should  be  invested  by  B  re  wen  and 
*  my  cozen,  Robert  Havvley '.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  '  Sinund  '  [Sirhind]  to  John  Bangham 
AT  Lahore,  November  8,  1626  {O.C.  1238). 

Explains  that  in  writing  for  bills  for  10,000  or  12,000  rupees,  he 
meant  10,000  '  rupes  Jangers  \see  p.  ^t'i  ^^-l'  which  is  small  twelve 
thousand '.  This  obscurity  was  an  oversight,  and  he  will  be  more 
careful  in  future.  Has  now  received  payment  of  the  bills  sent. 
Will  take  as  much  pains  in  investing  Bangham 's  money  as  if  the 
latter  were  present  himself.  '  Some  28  course  \kos\  of  this  place, 
hath  appened  a  great  slautter  of  men,  Moebutt  Ckonns  peopell 
bringinge  a  casaune,  from  whome  the  Beagams  servantt[s]  have 
tacken  itt,  and  yesterdaie  arrived  with  itt  hear.'^  PS. — Has 
received  a  letter  from  Offley  which  he  does  not  understand.  Will 
answer  it  from    Samana.      {Endorsed  as   received  November    14, 

xp.y 

Robert  Tottle  at  Samana  to  the  Same,  November  18, 
1626  {O.C.  1239). 

Transmits  letters  received  from  Agra  with  the  Council's  orders 
of  October  14  for  the  discontinuance  of  the  Samana  investment. 
Does  not  see  how  this  can  now  be  effected,  for  he  has  sent  the 
cloth  bought  to  the  washers  and  has  distributed  some  4,000  rupees 
to  the  weavei's,  who  will  bring  in  their  goods  within  ten  days. 
{Received  November  27^.     \p) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  November  26,^  1626  {O.C.  1240). 
Employment  of  400  rupees  on  behalf  of  Bangham.     Will  shortly 
draw  upon  him  for  500  or  more.     Does  not  intend  to  make  any 

1  For  this  incident  |see  Sir  H.  Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi.  pp.  431,  434.  A  treasure 
caravan  {khazdna)  from  Bengal  for  Mahabat  Khan  had  reached  Shahabad  when  it  was 
attacked  and  captured  by  a  party  of  the  royal  troops,  sent  to  intercept  it 

De  Laet  {De  Imperio  Magni  Mogolis,  p.  269),  says  that  the  treasure  was  26  lacs  of 
mpees,  and  that  the  Rajputs  guarding  it  made  a  great  slaughter  among  their  assailants. 
Herbert  (ed.  1638,  p.  loi),  repeats  De  Laet's  story. 

^  The  letter  has  a  seal,  bearing  the  impression  of  the  reverse  of  a  chau  tdnki  struck  at 
Ahmadabad  and  dated  in  the  reign  of  Akbar  (information  from  Mr.  R.  Burn,  I.  C.  S.). 

^  'One  poore  in  the  mominge.'  We  have  here  an  early  use  of  the  Hind,  pahar, 
'  a  fourth  part  of  the  day  or  night'  (see  note  on  p.  147  of  the  1618-21  volume). 


I50  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

investment  here  on  his  own  account.  '  You  writ  that  you  ar 
comptted  cucha  sewdagers  for  my  acceptinge  of  the  abatment  of 
rup[ees]  30  withoutt  reason.  I  praie  gett  the  sherrafes  to  writt 
a  word  or  twoe  and  send  itt  me,  and  I  will  make  them  knowe  that 
wee  are  barra  sewdagers'.^  {Endorsed  as  received  on  the  31J/ 
\.sic\     \p) 

President  Kerridge  and  Messrs.  Wylde,  Burt,  and  Page 
AT  Surat  to  the  Company,  November  29,  1626  {O.C.  1241). 

Refer  to  their  letters  of  March  3  and  29  \inissing\  sent  by  the 
Royal  James  and  Jonas,  which  they  hope  have  safely  arrived. 
The  Royal  ExcJiange  and  CJiristopher  met  them  at  the  Cape,  where 
they  arrived  on  July  7  and  departed  the  17th,  intending  to  go 
straight  to  England.  The  factory  at  Ahmadabad  was  dissolved 
before  the  dispatch  of  the  ships,  and  that  of  Broach  immediately 
after.  Of  the  cloves  received  from  Batavia  in  the  James,  some 
were  sold  at  Agra  (but  at  mean  prices,  owing  to  the  competition 
of  the  Dutch),  some  were  forwarded  to  Ahmadabad,  and  some 
remain  here  unsold.  The  Broach  factors  were  sent  to  Burhanpur 
to  dispose  of  some  English  goods  and  a  quantity  of  runas  received 
from  Persia ;  this  they  effected  (though  at  some  sacrifice)  and 
remitted  the  proceeds  to  Ahmadabad,  where  they  were  employed, 
together  with  the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  some  cloves  and  runas 
carried  thither  by  the  broker,  in  satisfying  their  creditors.  The 
ten  chests  of  coral  remaining  on  hand,  rated  at  2,354/.  15^.  \d. 
or  47,095  mahmudls  2|  [pice],^  have  been  sold  for  75,896  mahmudis 
3  [pice].  Cannot  tell  which  sorts  yielded  most  profit,  but  the 
total  proceeds  are  far  less  than  previous  consignments  have  produced. 
The  ten  chests  brought  by  the  James  from  Persia  out  of  the  Lion  s 
cargo  have  also  been  sold,  and  to  much  better  advantage.  Little 
demand  anywhere  for  broadcloths,  velvets,  satins,  and  the  like, 
owing  partly  to  large  quantities  having  been  brought  overland 
through  Persia,  and  partly  to  the  absence  of  the  King,  '  who  hath 

1  Bard  satidagar,  a  big  (or  skilled)  merchant,  as  opposed  to  kachchd  saiiddgar, 
a  small  (or  indifferent)  one.     By  '  sherraffes  '  is  of  course  meant  '  shroffs '  or  bankers. 

-  This  shows  that  the  mahmiidl  was  brought  to  account  as  equal  to  an  English  shilling 
(cf.  p.  156))  ^"^^  32  P^^^  \stx&  reckoned  to  the  mahmfidi. 


THE  ENGLISH   FACTORIES  151 

spent  all  this  sommer  in  travelling  to  and  from  Cabull,  the  confines 
of  his  territories  towards  Tartaria.'  There  are  still  sixteen  or 
eighteen  broadcloths  remaining  at  Lahore  of  those  sent  up  to  Agra 
two  years  ago.  In  their  last  they  advised  the  sale  of  47  pieces  of 
tapestry  at  Lahore  to  Asaf  Khan,  who  has  since  deferred  payment 
in  order  to  force  the  factors  to  reduce  the  price  they  were  asking 
for  Sir  Francis  Crane's  three  suits  of  tapestry.  These, '  having  lay  ne 
long  in  his  custodie,  and  none  other  daring  to  buy  them,'  were 
at  last  sold  to  him,  except  one  piece,  which  has  since  been  delivered 
to  Muqarrab  Khan,  together  with  eight  pieces  belonging  to  the 
Company.  The  remaining  two  pieces  have  been  sold  to  Khwaja 
Abul  Hasan,  but  neither  he  nor  Muqarrab  Khan  has  yet  made 
payment.  '  The  proceed  of  those  sould  unto  Asaph  Chaun  hatli 
been  procured,  with  verry  much  difficultie  and  expence,  your 
factour  being  forced  to  followe  the  King  a  long  tyme,  for  its 
recovery  happened  through  unexpected  alteracions  att  the  court 
in  manner  following.  Asaph  Chaun  being  father-in-lawe  by 
marriage  of  his  daughter  unto  the  Prince  Charome,  the  Kings  third 
Sonne,  who  (as  you  have  doubtlesse  bin  advertized),  murthering 
his  elder  brother,  rebelled  against  his  father  and  by  force  of  armes 
aspired  unto  the  crowne ;  in  which  attempt  having  susteyned 
sundry  overthrowes,  hee  lastlie  fledd  from  the  King  his  army  unto 
Bengali,  and  thence  by  way  of  Musulopotan  unto  Decan,  where 
hovering  under  the  protection  of  Malick  Amber  hee  submissively 
sought  reconciliacion,  which  his  said  father-in-lawe  (being  still 
in  favour)  mediating  by  intercession  of  his  sister,  the  predominant 
Oueene,  obtained  that  Mahobett  Chaun,  gennerall  of  the  King  his 
army,  Charoomes  feirce  enimy,  should  bee  dismissed  from  that 
charge  ;  who  after  long  deniall  resigneing  and  comeing  unto  the 
court,  the  King  being  then  some  40  course  from  Lahore  in  his 
progresse  towards  Cabull,  his  pavillion  with  his  famuly  and  atten- 
dants being  pitched  on  the  side  of  a  river  and  his  nobles  on  the 
other,  the  said  Mahobett  Chaun  with  [  ]  8  or  10,000  horse  came 
suddainly  unto  him,  slewe  all  such  as  seemed  to  question  or  dislike 
the  manner  of  his  coming,  and,  having  accesse  unto  the  King  his 
presence,  tooke  him  imediatelie  with  him  unto  his  owne  tents ; 
whereupon  the  Queene  amasedlie  fledd  unto  hir  brother  and  frends 
on  the  other  side  the  river,  by  a  bridge  purposelie  made  for  passage 


152  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

to  and  fro,  which  imediately  after  was  cutt  downe  to  prevent 
others  from  going  over.  The  King,  after  private  conference  with 
the  said  Mahobett  Chaun,  was  with  great  reverence  returned  againe 
unto  his  owne  pavillion,  and  the  Oueene  by  his  command  sent 
for  ;  who,  rendring  all  dutie,  refused  to  come  until!  a  feild  weare 
tryed  twixt  hir  frends  and  enimyes  ;  which  the  next  mornning  she 
with  them  put  in  execucion,  and  passing  the  river  (hardlie  foordable) 
were  encountred  by  Mahobutt  Chauns  armie  on  the  Kings  side, 
who,  though  by  farre  the  lesse  nomber,  with  the  slaughter  of  about 
5,000  menn  put  the  Queene  hir  frends  to  flight.  She  hirselfe,  after 
assurance  given  by  Mahobet  Chaun  for  hir  safety,  came  unto  the 
King.  Hir  brother  recovered  a  castle  of  his  owne  with  many 
of  his  frends  ;  some  were  slaine,  but  most,  pretending  the  Kings 
service,  weare  pardoned  and  continewed  in  office.  Assaph  Chaun, 
being  beseidged  in  his  castle,  rendred  on  assurance  of  life,  and  hath 
ever  since  untill  verry  latelie  remained  closse  prisoner  in  the 
custodie  and  charge  of  Mahobett  Chaun,  notwithstanding  the 
Queenes  uttmost  dilligence  and  the  Kings  perswadeing  an  accord 
twixt  them  ;  all  which  tyme  Mahobett  Chaun  hath  governed, 
nothing  having  been  graunted  without  him,  and  in  such  extremitie 
that  the  insolence  of  his  followers  hath  greved  not  only  the  campe 
but  the  inhabitants  of  Cabull  also,  who,  instigated  by  some  great 
men,  att  a  signe  given  slewe  in  an  instant  almost  2,000  of  his 
souldiers,  that  expected  noe  such  massacre,  and  their  fellowes  in 
revenge  have  since  done  divers  outrages  err  both  sides  could  bee 
pacified,  which  the  King  lastly  effected,  and  being  againe  returned 
neere  the  river  aforemencioned  where  the  Queenes  frends  weare 
overthrowne,  she  hath  with  sundry  of  them  reinforced  hirselfe 
for  the  delivery  of  hir  brother,  in  such  manner  as  the  armies  of  both 
have  been  att  point  of  joyning  battle,  but  still  prevented  by  the 
Kings  endeavours  to  accord  them,  which  (as  report  newlie  gives 
out)  is  seemingly  effected,  both  the  mencioned  favorities  having 
exchanged  hostages  and  Asaph  Chaun  delivered  ;  yet  newe  and 
greater  stirrs  suspected,  Carome  having  passed  with  3,000  horse 
onely  from  Decan  through  this  country  unto  Sindey,  determining 
(as  was  supposed)  to  have  fledd  into  Persia  ;  but  Sultan  Par\'eis, 
the  Kings  second  sonne  and  eldest  then  living,  who  lately 
obteyned    this    cittie    and    the   country    about  it,    being  deceased 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  153 

within  this  30  dayes  ^  att  Brampore  (as  is  supposed  by  poyson)  and 
the  army  there  under  command  of  Chan  Irhan,-  an  especiall  frend 
of  the  Prince  Caromes,  his  hopes  are  againe  revived,  and  except 
the  King  doe  pardon  his  offences  (thereby  endaungering  his  owne 
state  and  life)  newe  and  great  stirrs  are  like  to  bee  raised,  his  sonnes 
army  daylie  encreasing  and  hee  on  his  returne  from  Sindee  to 
Gusurat.  Wee  have  thought  requisite  to  give  you  this  particular 
relacion  of  these  troubles,  as  well  for  that  some  circumstances 
in  your  bussines  depend  thereon  as  that  the  inhabitants  doe 
gennerally  feare  they  are  not  yet  quieted,  for  the  Prince  Carome 
his  farther  hopes  will  cause  great  stirrs  both  in  court  and  country, 
who  although  hee  bee  nowe  the  eldest  living  of  the  Kings  children, 
yett  hath  hee  a  younger  brother  [Shahriyar],  marryed  to  the  daughter 
of  the  beloved  Queene  aforesaid,  the  sonne  [Dawar  Bakhsh]  also 
of  his  elder  brother  being  a  hopefull  gentleman  and  indubitate  heire 
in  favour  of  the  King,  and  all  of  them  competitours  for  the  kingdome. 
John  Banggam,  following  Asaph  Chaun  unto  the  river  aforemen- 
cioned,  procured  order  from  him  unto  his  treasurer  att  Lahore 
for  payment  of  the  debt,  and  attending  company  for  securitie 
in  travell  this  alteracion  happened  in  the  interim,  when  tents,  goods, 
and  carriages  of  the  conquered  partie  (before  ought  could  bee 
quieted)  became  a  prey  to  the  souldiers,  though  Assaph  Chauns 
estate  in  generall  was  graunted  as  a  giuft  unto  his  sister,  who 
presentlie  promised  the  paymente  of  his  debts,  and  hopeing  of 
his  release  deferred  the  creditours  untill  hir  being  at  Cabull,  where 
she  gave  command  for  their  satisfaccion  to  be  paid  from  his  treasure 
in  Lahore,  which,  besides  the  expence  in  travell,  hath  drawne 
sundry  presents,-  bribes,  and  other  charges  erre  procured.'  Of  the 
35,832  rupees  thus  recovered,  part  has  already  been  remitted  by 
exchange  to  Agra  and  the  rest  has  been  ordered  to  be  sent  thither 
also  (with  the  proceeds  of  other  sales)  for  investment  in  indigo  and 
'  semanos  ',  which  are  to  be  procured  '  in  the  cittie  of  Semana  where 
they  are  made '.  The  factors  at  Agra  have  bought  3,000  maunds 
of  saltpetre,  but  have  apparently  neglected  the  reiterated  orders 
for  the  provision  of  indigo  there.     A  sum  of  32,000  rupees  has 

1  Parwiz  died  on  Tuesday,  October  17,  1626  O.  S.  (6  Safar,  A.  H.  1036).  Elliot  and 
Beale  both  give  the  Hijra  year  as  1035,  bnt  this  is  clearly  an  error,  due  (Mr.  Beveridge 
tells  me)  to  a  mistake  in  the  Iqbdlndma. 

^  A  copyist's  error  for  Jahan. 


154  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

been  sent  from  Surat  for  the  latter  purpose,  but  they  are  doubtful 
whether  it  can  be  profitably  employed,  as  according  to  Offley's 
letter  the  prices  had  risen  before  he  commenced  to  buy.  The 
pinnace  Spy  reached  St.  Augustine's  Bay  early  in  June  and  went 
thence  to  the  Comoro  Islands.  At  Johanna  a  letter  was  found 
from  Captain  Blyth,  stating  that  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  were 
safe  and  had  gone  to  Mohilla,  whereupon  the  Spy  proceeded  to 
Comoro  to  leave  fresh  letters  and  get  into  touch  with  Blyth.  On 
July  29  the  William,  Blessing,  and  others  of  that  fleet  reached 
Johanna  under  Captain  Brown.  Having  been  joined  by  the 
Palsgrave  and  Dolphin,  they  all  set  sail  on  August  2 1 ,  and  a  month 
later  reached  the  appointed  rendezvous,  where  they  found  six  Dutch 
ships  returned  from  Mokha.  They  then  proceeded  to  Swally, 
arriving  on  October  3,  '  to  our  great  comforts  by  the  supplie  they 
brought  for  the  disingagemente  of  our  debts  and  the  renewing 
your  affaires  here.'  '  Speult,  after  his  departure  from  Swalley 
in  company  of  the  James  &c.,  resolving  to  winter  his  ladenn  shipps 
in  the  Redd  Sea,  tooke  with  him  also  three  other  of  his  best  shipps, 
which  made  their  nomber  seven  ....  who  escaped  an  encounter 
with  the  like  nomber  of  gaUiouns  in  the  Streights  of  Mocho,  being 
the  same  that  here  attended  our  shipps  goeing  forth ;  whose 
intelligencers  having  ascertained  them  of  our  resolucion  to  attend 
for  the  Dutchs  companie,  they  (being  formerly  provided  with  fitting 
necessaries)  imediately  sett  saile  for  the  Redd  Sea,  and  in  the 
entrance  of  the  Streights  surprised  certaine  small  vessells  of  the 
Indian  coast  for  sailing  without  their  licence,  and  weare  thence 
(it  seemes)  departed  for  Muscatt  before  the  Dutch  arrived.  Al- 
though it  pleased  God  to  prevent  this  encounter,  yet  Speult  ended 
his  dayes  in  Mocho,^  and  there  is  interred.  One  of  his  shipps. 
called  the  Good  Fortune,  sunck  att  sea  in  their  returne,  having 
in  hir  44  peeces  ordnance,  whereof  16  brasse,  which  losse  they 
estimate  att  12,000/.  sterling,  though  some  fewe  goods  and  all 
her  men  weare  saved.  The  mencioned  Portugall  galliouns,  having 
visited  Muscat,  returned  for  the  coast  of  India ;  and  being  nowe 
but  six  shipps,  discrying  the  Dutch  a  day  before  their  coming 
in  with  the  land,  used  their  best  endeavour  to  have  encountred 
them  ;    which  the  Dutch  (having  advantage  of  winde)   in  regard 

'  He  died  on  July  13,  1626  (O.  S.) :  see  Dagh  Registo-,  1624-29,  p.  303. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  155 

of  their  laden  shipps  avoided,^  though  provoked  by  sundry 
challenging  shott  from  the  enimies  admirall ;  who.  having  made 
the  land,  directed  their  course  for  Damon,  awayting  their  comeing 
or  some  other  adventure  of  lesse  strength ;  when,  receaving 
advertisment  of  your  fleets  conjoyning  with  the  Dutch,  they  stood 
over  for  Diu  to  avoide  their  discerning.  Both  fleets  having  attended 
three  daies  in  port,  and  wee  in  the  interim  discharged  your  treasure 
and  rich  goods,  noe  other  shipps  of  either  nation  arriving,  the 
Dutch  comanders  propounded  expence  of  the  tyme  lymitted  in 
the  lattitude  assigned,  thereby  to  conserve  the  shipps  expected 
and  unarrived ;  whereto  wee  (as  reason)  condiscendeing,  they 
joynctlie  againe  repaired  thither,  and  having  mett  with  two  Dutch 
shipps  [see  pp.  142,  143]  come  from  Batavia  with  a  cavidall  of 
35,000  rialls  in  money,  spice,  &c.,  entred  all  togeather  into  the  port 
of  Bombayee  ;  where  finding  little  or  noe  resistance,  they  landed 
some  people  and  sett  on  fire  all  that  could  bee  burned  in  a  small 
fort  and  monastery  adjoyning,  where  was  found  only  two  or  three 
little  peeces  ordnance  of  meane  vallewe,  the  inhabitants  being  fledd 
with  what  was  portable.  This  exploit  acted,  the  limitted  tyme 
expired,  and  noe  other  shipps  appearing,  they  joynctlie  returned 
towards  Swalley  ;  and  neere  Damon  mett  with  your  shipp  the 
Christopher^  who  with  them  arrived  here  the  23  passed  moneth, 
and  brought  us  gladd  tideings  of  the  James  and  Jonas  safe  being 
at  the  Bay  of  Saldania,  as  afore  is  mencioned :  whence  the 
Christopher  setting  saile  22  July,  left  there  the  Exchange,  attending 
recovery  of  hir  sick  men,  and  arrived  att  Joanna  the  3th  of  Sep- 
tember, being  eleaven  daies  after  Captain  Brownes  departure.'  By 
these  ships  they'  received  the  Company's  letters,  &c.,  which  shall 
be  answered  in  full  by  the  next  opportunity.  They  landed  all 
the  treasure,  except  one  chest  of  rials  reserved  as  ordered  for 
Persia.  '  One  chest  of  your  gold  wee  have  sent  entire  to  Amadavad, 
as  well  for  disingagemente  of  our  debts  as  to  commence  newe 
investments ;  thother  remayneth  by  us  yet  undisposed  ;  in  which 
sort  of  spetiae  you  need  not  henceforth  doubt  to  send  large  supplie, 
for  that  it  will  generally  yeald  about  6  per  cent,  proffitt  more  then 
rialls,  as  per  this  ensuing  vallu[a]cion  ^ :  Lion  dollers  of  Holland, 

^  See  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  263. 

'■*  The  first  four  varieties  named  are  well-known  silver  coins.    For  '  Ambertin'  we  should 


156  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

whereof  one  was  returned  you  by  William  Hoare  on  the  Jonah, 
cost  in  England  y.,  worth  here  4  m[ahmudis]  2-|  pice.  Zeland 
dollers,  whereof  also  a  muster  was  sent  you  by  the  said  Mr.  Hoare, 
cost  in  England  2s.  8d.,  worth  here  3^  m[ahmudls].  Rix  dollers, 
receaved  this  yeare,  yeald  equall  proffitt  with  best  rialls  of  eight, 
being  both  worth  5  m[ahmudis]  lesse  2^  pice ;  but  the  Venetian 
doller  will  yeald  5  m[ahmudis]  if  full  weight.  Ambertin  gould, 
that  cost  in  England  3/.  6s.  lod.  the  ounce,  is  worth  here  28^ 
m[ahmudls]  the  tolla,  and  2^  talas  3  vails  make  an  ounce,  which 
yeildeth  3/.  jy.  3^.  Dutch  Riders,  cost  in  England  3/.  6s.  Sd.  the 
ounce,  worth  here  29  m[ahmudls]  the  tola,  2^  tolas  3  vails  makeing 
one  ounce,  and  is  3/.  i^s.  ^d.  Hungary  ducketts,  cost  3/.  13.^. 
the  ounce,  worth  here  31^  m[ahmudls]  per  tola,  which  maketh 
4/.  IS.,  accompting  the  m[ahmudi]  for  one  shilling.  Checkeens 
and  Barbary  ducketts^  and  all  sorts  of  fine  gold,  will  yeild  answer- 
able benefitt  here,  according  to  the  finenesse  thereof,  and  the  rich[er] 
it  is  the  more  esteeme  and  vallew  it  hath.  Furthermore,  bee 
pleased  to  observe  that  the  English  20.y.  peice  is  worth  here  2i| 
m[ahmudis].  Double  pistoletts,  conteyneing  3/.  8j-.  3^.,  worth 
29  m[ahmudis]  the  tola,  which  is  3/.  15^'.  ^d.  the  ounce.'  Disposal 
of  the  broadcloth  sent.  Some  loss  has  been  caused  by  a  quantity 
brought  for  private  trade  ;  also  many  cloths  were  badly  prepared 
or  insufficiently  wrappered.  Remarks  on  the  kerseys  and  per- 
petuanoes.  The  quicksilver  has  been  put  into  coco-nuts  for  better 
preservation  ;  it  has  been  in  good  demand  all  this  year,  as  the 
Dutch  brought  none,  and  very  little  has  come  from  Portugal  or  the 
Red  Sea.  Private  trade  injured  the  market  for  a  time,  but  they  have 
now  disposed  of  their  whole  stock  at  a  good  price.  Have  sold 
two  chests  of  coral  at  a  fair  profit,  but  the  quantity  sent  is  very 
large.  Elephants'  teeth  in  no  demand  at  present.  The  lead  sent 
is  much  more  than  this  place  will  vend  in  one  year.     '  The  last 

probably  read  '  Albertine',  a  gold  coin  issued  by  the  Archduke  Albert  of  Austria.  The 
Dutch  '  rider'  (so-called  from  the  figure  on  it)  was  worth  about  i6s.,  and  the  Hungary 
ducat  was  of  much  the  same  value  as  the  Venetian  sequin  (here  called  '  checkeen').  As 
regards  the  Barbary  ducat,  we  may  note  that  in  Ralegh's  Remaines  (p.  199)  mention  is 
made  of  a  '  ducket  currant  for  three  ounces  in  Barbary  .  .  .  then  worth  in  England 
seven  shillings  and  sixpence.'  The  double  pistolet  referred  to  was  probably  that  of 
Lorraine. 

'  'Observe  that  32  vails  is  a  tola'  {inarginal  vote).     On  these  two  weights  see  the 
1618-21  volume,  pp.  4",  57,  and  that  for  1622-23,  p.  154. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  157 

Customer,  when  the  governemente  was  Sieff  Chauns,  used  to 
engrosse  it  all,  and  att  his  resigninge  had  quantities  unsould,  which 
since  he  hath  forced  on  the  traders  in  Amadavad,  whose  hands  being 
full  wee  shall  sell  little  untill  theirs  be  spent.  The  present  Governour, 
being  the  lately  deceased  Prince  his  servant,^  doth  not  meddle  with 
that  nor  any  other  comoditie.'  The  amber  beads  will  doubtless 
sell  to  good  profit.  Satins  have  greatly  fallen,  both  in  price  and 
esteem,  and  none  should  be  sent  except  for  presents.  Some  now 
received  are  much  spotted.  The  plush  also  has  been  damaged 
in  packing,  but  they  will  endeavour  to  sell  it,  as  also  the  cloth 
of  tissue,  tapestry,  &c.  They  will  do  their  best  to  dispose  of  the 
jewels  sent,  '  although  the  court  of  this  King  is  greatlie  impaired 
of  its  formerlie  accustomed  magnificence,  and  Jewells  of  all  kinds 
in  farr  lesse  then  wonted  estimacion  ;  which,  if  the  present  occasion 
did  not  contradict,  should  induce  us  to  withdrawe  your  people 
thence,  especially  for  that  our  comodities  doe  not  sell  to  any  profilitt 
answerable  the  charge  of  a  resedence,  which  for  other  negociacions 
needeth  not,  our  usage  here  being  better  then  ever,  and  past 
exactions  or  wrongs  (for  ought  wee  perceave)  are  not  to  bee 
remedied  there.'  Their  preparation  of  return  cargoes  has  been 
hindered  by  '  the  last  yeares  dissolucion  of  adjacent  factories,  want 
of  meanes  in  generall,  disturbances  att  court,  and  necligence  in 
your  Agra  factours  ' ;  but  they  have  ordered  an  investment  in  round 
indigo,  and  intend  the  purchase  of  flat  indigo  at  Ahmadabad. 
The  Company's  directions  regarding  the  provision  of  calicoes  and 
other  goods  shall  be  carefully  followed  ;  but  they  fear  that  they 
will  be  unable  to  supply  much  pepper,  as  little  has  been  brought 
from  the  Deccan  of  late.  Probably  only  one  ship  will  be  sent 
home  this  season,  and  her  dispatch  will  be  late.  '  Concerning  your 
purpose  in  generall  to  augment  your  trade  in  theis  parts,  our 
uttmost  industry  shalbee  applied  to  its  furtherance.'  It  is  of 
special  importance  that  a  regular  exchange  of  commodities  should 
be  maintained  with  Batavia ;  the  President  there  has  promised 
his  best  assistance, '  and  wee  earnestly  instance  your  absolute  order 
to  its  effecting.'  The  Christopher  is  now  about  to  be  dispeeded 
thither.     The  rest  of  the  ships  (accompanied  by  the  Dutch)  will  go 

^  As  already    stated    (p.  152),  Sunt  had  been   granted  in  j'nglr  to  the  late   Prince 
Parviz. 


158  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  Persia  with  the  goods,  &c.,  assigned  to  those  factories,  and  a  few 
Indian  commodities.  The  trade  with  Persia  is  not  so  profitable 
as  •  either  the  Red  Sea  or  Southwards ',  '  because  the  proceed, 
imployed  in  silk,  doth  lose  att  its  returne  home  (consideracion 
of  the  tyme  included)  neere  so  much  as  is  gotten  by  the  investment 
from  hence.'  It  would  be  better  if  the  returns  from  Persia  were 
made  in  money  '  for  increase  of  stock '.  '  Trade  att  Dabull  will 
doubtlesse  bee  a  great  furtherance  to  your  Persian  designe,  the 
country  of  Decann  affoarding  shashes  and  all  other  sorts  of  rich 
clothing  fitting  those  parts,  besides  pepper,  a  constant  comodity 
in  the  one  and  yealds  profitable  vend  in  the  other.  Like  proffitt 
may  also  bee  made  thence  into  the  Red  Sea  ;  and  benefitt  wilbee 
made  in  the  sale  of  Europe  comodities  and  home  returnes  yearely  : 
for  which  respects  Your  Worships  order  in  setling  there  should 
suddenly  bee  attempted,  if  the  Portingall  forces  awaiting  our 
seperacion  did  not  prevent  it ;  which  yet  may  happily  take  effect 
for  iniciacion  at  the  fleets  finall  disposure  this  yeare,  though  our 
former  difference  with  those  people  causeth  some  doubt.  Our 
letter  per  the  James,  &c.,  declareth  our  sending  of  Joseph  Hopkinson 
and  Nathaniell  West  unto  Mocho  on  the  Dutch  shipps,  whence 
they  are  safely  returned.  Your  people  left  there  by  the  Jonas 
weare  then  all  liveing,  their  pepper  sould,  and  the  proceed  in  their 
owne  possession,  whereof  Joseph  Hopkinson  brought  thence  7,000 
rialls  of  eight  in  gould  and  silver,  but  the  persons  of  your  servants 
could  not  bee  lycensed,  the  Governour  alleadging  their  detencion 
to  secure  the  Indian  traders.  The  Dutch  sent  two  principall  menn 
unto  the  Bashawe  at  Scinan  [Sana]  with  a  present  of  neere  1,000 
lyalls  of  eight,  resolving  to  have  settled  factory  there^  and  remitt 
the  former  losses  unto  the  Grand  Seignors  justice,  if  their  people 
so  long  detained  prisoners  might  first  bee  freed ;  whose  libertie 
being  denied  untill  others  weare  settled,  nothing  was  done  save 
only  sale  of  sundrie  spices  and  Indian  commodities  to  the  vallue 
of  30,000  rialls  of  eight. -^  Since  whose  comeing  thence  wee  have 
received  by  a  junck  of  th[at]  place  two  firmanes  from  the  Bashawe 
in  answere  of  letters  sent  him  by  Thomas  Kerridge  and  Joseph 
Hopkinson.  which  att  the  Dutches  departure  weare  not  come  downe 
unto  the  port ;  the  effect  of  both  being  to  invite  trade  and  secure 

'  See  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  263. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  159 

the  Indian  vessells,  with  promise  also  not  to  question  any  passed 
bussines  (not  being  done  in  his  t[ime]) ;  which  though  by  general! 
affirmacion  of  his  disposicion  and  other  circumstances  wee  may 
confide  upon,  yet  his  goverment  being  expired  (which  is  but  for  three 
yeares)  wee  are  liable  to  the  demand  of  any  other  Bashawe,  except 
you  procure  the  Grand  Seignors  comand  to  the  contrary.  All 
which  notwithstanding,  wee  may  visitt  Mocho  this  yeare  with 
a  shipp  or  two,  if  feare  of  the  Portinguall  doth  not  hinder.'  The 
factors  at  Masulipatam  have  been  informed  of  the  Company's  orders 
for  the  sending  of  shipping  thither  from  Surat,  to  be  laden  and 
returned  direct  for  England.  This  course,  however,  is  not  so  easy 
as  seems  to  be  thought,  for  a  ship  could  not  well  be  ready  to  start 
till  June  or  July,  and  that  would  mean  her  arrival  home  in  mid- 
winter. It  would  be  better  to  let  one  of  the  outgoing  fleet  go 
straight  to  IMasulipatam,  arriving  there  in  September,  when  she 
could  lade  and  sail  for  Europe  within  two  or  three  months  after. 
The  best  course  of  all  would  be  to  dispatch  a  ship  from  England 
in  November  or  December,  so  that  she  might  reach  Masulipatam 
the  following  summer  and  depart  again  in  October.  '  In  her  bee 
pleased  to  send  experienced  factours,  those  at  Mesulputam  earnestly 
desireing  to  goe  home.'  'Wee  have  seriouslie  considered  your 
advice  concerning  fortificacion,  and  are  greatly  perplext  wee  cannot 
give  you  hope  of  any  to  bee  effected  in  theis  parts.  Bombayee, 
whereof  you  have  been  enformed,  is  noe  ill  ayre,  but  a  pleasant, 
friutfull  soile  and  excellent  harbor,  as  experience  of  our  owne  people 
doth  testifie.  But  the  difficulties  for  you  alone  to  fortifie  there 
maketh  it  many  waies  inconvenient,  if  not  impossible  to  bee 
accomplished,  seing  the  Portinguall,  whose  country  it  is,  will 
with  their  uttmost  force  prevent  its  commence  and  bee  perpetuall 
disturbers  of  the  prosecucion ;  the  consideracion  whereof  hath 
induced  us  by  writing  to  invite  the  Dutch  principalis  in  the  behaulf 
of  both  Companies  unto  a  frendlie  conjunction  in  the  attempt  and 
equall  division  of  the  successe,  whereby  wee  intended  a  double 
fortificacion,  and  each  to  have  a  fort  severall  for  the  better  strength- 
ning  of  the  harbour  from  invasion  ;  who  in  their  reply  doe  meerely 
reject  the  project  as  incommodious,  and  to  our  apprehension  abso- 
lutely refuse  any  conjoyning.^  .  .  .  The  second  place  in  your  letter 

^  A  Dutch  letter  from  Swally  {Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  263)  mentions 


i6o  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

nominated  is  to  farre  distant  from  hence  for  any  such  intent; 
incertain  of  conveniencie,  and  unlikely  also.  The  third  ^  tyme  may 
manifest  how  convenient  and  what  is  to  bee  effected.  But  the  fourth 
(in-  my  knowledge  that  have  seen  it)  is  a  most  barren  place,  and 
noe  fresh  water  there,  nor  any  releefe  on  land  to  bee  had  ;  and 
besides  many  other  inconveniences  is  to  farre  remote  from  all 
places  of  your  trade,  and  indeed  Hope  without  hope.'^  Nothing 
heard  from  Persia  since  last  year.  Burt  is  now  proceeding  thither. 
Their  operations  are  greatly  hampered  by  the  presence  of  the 
Portuguese  galleons,  and  it  is  much  to  be  wished  that  they  were 
destroyed ;  the  Dutch,  however,  will  only  stand  on  the  defensive. 
Orders  should  be  given  to  the  next  ships  to  sail  in  company  with 
the  Dutch,  either  from  the  Downs  or  from  the  Cape,  as  the  Portu- 
guese may  waylay  them  if  they  make  the  Comoros  their  rendezvous. 
Nothing  has  been  heard  of  the  Spy  since  her  arrival  at  that  group, 
and  it  is  suspected  that  her  master  purposely  refrained  from  joining 
the  fleet  there  in  order  to  avoid  being  '  under  command '.  She 
may,  however,  have  been  blown  out  of  her  course  to  Socotra.  That 
she  has  been  captured  they  do  not  believe,  '  as  well  in  respect  of  the 
master  his  resolucion '  as  the  absence  of  any  report  of  this  from 
the  Portuguese.  The  Awic  has  been  broken  up  at  Batavia  as 
unservdceable.  and  Gregory  Clement,  w^ho  went  in  her,  returned 
aboard  a  Dutch  ship.  The  Christopher  is  about  to  be  sent  thither  ; 
and  by  the  time  of  the  return  of  the  fleet  from  Persia  a  further 
consignment  of  goods  shall  be  prepared.  A  ship  will  also  be 
dispatched  to  Masulipatam  with  8,coo  rials  or  more  to  pay  the 
debts  there,  the  expected  supply  from  Batavia  having  failed.  Had 
hoped  to  receive  by  these  ships  a  competent  number  of  able  factors 
to  fill  the  places  of  your  auntient  servants '  who  have  died  or  returned 
to  England  ;  but  only  a  few  men  have  arrived,  '  and  some  of  them 
also  so  unserviceable  that  they  are  not  to  bee  relied  on  for  any 
bussines ;  whereby  the  Dutch  in  most,  if  not  all,  our  imployments 

the  idea  of  a  joint  occupation,  but  doubts  wliether  much  profit  would  result,  owing  to  the 
probability  of  Portuguese  attacks. 

1  Perhaps  Ormus  (cf.  p.  198). 

-  The  place  referred  to  was  e\ndently  Khor  Jarama,  named  by  the  English  '  The 
London's  Hope'.  Bh-th's  fleet  (with  Kerridge  on  board)  had  spent  some  time  there 
in  162T,  and  the  excellence  of  the  harbour  had  been  specially  noted  (see  the  1618-21 
volume,  pp.  286,  2S8). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  i6i 

have  the  advantage,  farr  exceeding  us  as  well  in  nomber  as  abillities  ; 
and  therein  your  prejudice  is  more  then  you  seeme  to  apprehend,' 
and  your  business  cannott  bee  effected  as  you  desire,  except  you 
will    bee   pleased    to    releve    yourselves    by    sending   experienced 
marchants  and  not  rawe  youths,  as  most  of  theis  are ;  wherein  bee 
pleased  to  excuse  our  boldnes,  for  it  doth  greatlie  concerne  you. 
The  Dutch  fleet,  as  afore  is  mencioned,  doth  consist  of  eight  shipps, 
four  of  whom  weare  here  laden  the  last  yeare,  as  then  was  advised,' 
viz.  three  under  the  title  of  States  shipps  and  one  of  the  Companies! 
namely  the  Golden  Lion,  which  last  is  neere  of  equall  burthen  with 
the^  other  three,  of  whome  two  being  found  uncapable  of  returne, 
their  goods  are  nowe  transladen  upon  the   Walcheren,  and  proceed 
(as  themselves  affirm)  in  company  of  the  rest  for  Persia  to  take 
in  silke  there  in  readines,  and  thence  for  the  Netherlands  without 
returning  heather;  by  whome  wee  send  you  this  our  letter  and 
writings  ....  in   charge   of  the  comander,  Cornelius  Jacobson.' 
A   second   copy   has   been   entrusted  to  Vincent  Harris,  Captain 
Bacon's  son-in-law,  who  came  out  in  the  Palsgrave  and  is  now 
returning  in  the  Walcheren.      P.S.    {December  14)— Since  writing, 
•'  a  sodaine  rumour  of  the  Prince  Charoome  his  approach  within 
20  course  of  Surratt  so  distracted  all    men   that  wee  could  not 
proceed  in  any  bussinesse  in  six  or  seven  dayes  following ;  which 
tyme  he  spent  in  passing  by,  yett  came  no  neerer  then  within  12 
course  of  the  towne,  but  proceeded  in  very  peaceable  manner  unto 
his  former  rendezvous  in  Decan  ;  whereby  it  is  generally  conceaved 
the  King  will  pardon  his  former  offence  and  receave  him  againe 
into    grace.'      The   same   cause    has    delayed   the   lading   of  the 
Christopher  and  the  dispatch  of  the  other  ships.     Stores  and  pro- 
visions lent  to  the  Dutch.     The  freight  received  for  Moors'  goods 
and  passengers  to  Persia  this  year  amounts  to  22,000  mahmudls 
or   upwards,   'which   is   but  a  meane  consideracion  for  so   much 
trouble,  if  your  moytie  of  the  customes  at    Gombroone  did  not 
induce  its  acceptance.'    Have  written  to  Messrs.  Purifie  and  Benthall, 
begging  them  to  remain  at  their  posts  ;    and  if  they  still  refuse 
(but  not  otherwise),  Mr.  Burt  is  to  show  them  a  resolution  increasing 
their  wages  by  10/.  per  annum.      Need  of  more  factors  (and  an 
accountant)  again  urged.     It  is  now  known  that  the  three  Dutch 
ships  are  to  go  straight  home  from  this  port;    so  only  five  will 

FOSTER    III  ]VI 


i62  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

accompany  the  English  to  Persia,  and  of  those  two  are  so  leaky 
that  unless  an  opportunity  be  found  of  using  them  as  fireships  they 
will  be  cast  off  at  sea.  Should  the  Company  determine  to  send 
a  ship  to  Masulipatam,  it  should  be  remembered  that  rials  (and  all 
other  silver)  are  in  less  demand  there  than  here,  while  gold  will 
yield  little  less  in  those  parts  than  at  Surat.  [Signed  copy,  sent 
by  ivay  of  Batavia.     13//'.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson  at  Ahmadabad  to  John  Bangham  at 
Agra  or  elsewhere,  December  5,  1626  {O.C.  1244). 

Wrote  him  briefly  from  Surat.  Merchandise  and  letters  received 
from  Bangham's  brother  and  friends  in  England.  Hopkinson  has 
forwarded  the  letters  but  retained  the  goods  for  the  present.  He 
would  be  glad  to  hear  that  his  own  goods  had  been  handed  over  by 
Goodwin  to  Bangham  ;  entreats  him  to  do  his  best  to  sell  them. 
At  his  return  from  Mokha  Hopkinson  found  the  President  and 
Council  mightily  incensed  against  Bangham,  and  still  more  against 
Offley.  Understands  that  they  have  recalled  Offley  and  Goodwin, 
and  appointed  Bangham  and  Tottle  to  remain  at  Agra  until  further 
assistance  can  be  sent.  They  were  chiefly  angered  by  Bangham's 
omission  to  write ;  and  now  that  letters  have  been  received  from 
him  they  are  better  satisfied.  '  Neyther  is  theire  conceit  extra- 
ordinary badd  of  the  other,  more  then  what  hath  proceeded  from 
his  owne  so  long  neglect  of  sending  his  accompts,  and  his  cozin 
Cletheroes  \  Willoughbies,  and  Crispins  -  idle  [  ].'  '  Corum  hath 
beene  within  30  or  40  course  of  this  place,  but  is  passed  quietly 
along  towards  Bramport  ^,  as  is  reported.'  Six  English  and  four 
Dutch  ships  have  left  ('  as  I  guesse ')  for  Persia ;  four  more  Dutch, 
laden  last  year  for  Europe,  have  also  departed  ;  and  the  Christopher 
is  going  to  Batavia.  A  rupee  to  be  given  to  the  bearer,  a  BalochT. 
Reached  this  place  on  November  11.  Clement  was  coming  also, 
but  on  the  way  was  diverted  to  Cambay,  whence  he  is  to  return  to 
Surat.  '  Wee  have  our  hands  full  here  day  and  night,  and  scarce 
time  to  stirr  out.'     (Received  February  20.     i-\  pp.) 

^  Robert  Clitherow  was  a  son  of  Sir  Christopher  Clitherow,  whose  sister  Anne  had 
married  Thomas  Offley,  the  father  of  Justinian. 

-  Crispin  Blackden.  '  P)Urhanpur. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  163 

President  Kerridge  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the 
Factors  in  Persia,  December  7,  1626  {Factory  Records, 
Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  210). 

Acknowledge  the  receipt  on  January  20  of  a  letter  from  them 
dated  December  31,  1625  \  ^^so  of  another  from  Mr.  Purifie,  dated 
January  30,  1626,  which  came  to  hand  on  April  10.  Lament  the 
loss  of  the  Lion,  and  trust  to  be  revenged  for  '  that  base  and 
dishonorable  crueltie  executed  on  our  people  in  cold  blood'.  The 
commanders  of  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  defend  their  action  in 
making  for  Socotra  instead  of  Gombroon,  by  alleging  that  they 
feared  to  find  the  Portuguese  in  force  at  Ormus ;  and  as  the 
matter  is  now  beyond  remedy,  their  censure  has  been  referred  to 
the  Company.  Approve  the  detention  of  the  fleet  last  year  for  the 
reasons  given.  Dispatch  of  ships  to  England,  &c.,  since.  Arrival 
of  the  new  fleet.  The  pinnace  Spy  is  missing.  Matters  of  account. 
The  carpets  sent  on  the  James  were  so  dear  that  the  Company  has 
forbidden  further  purchases.  Any  man  defrauding  the  customs  by 
passing  the  goods  of  others  under  his  name  must  be  severely 
punished.  To  satisfy  the  Persians  and  the  Company,  they  have 
this  year  taken  on  freight  native  passengers  and  their  goods,  but 
they  find  it  '  a  troublesom  bussines  and  littl[e]  profitable '.  The 
factors  have  doubtless  heard  overland  '  conserning  the  Companies 
renewed  purpose  to  prosecute  the  Persian  trade '.  Request  the  early 
finishing  of  their  accounts.  The  sale  of  the  Company's  runas  has 
been  much  injured  by  the  competition  of  some  brought  by  a  native 
merchant  in  the  last  fleet.  Increase  of  wages  to  Robert  Loftus, 
George  Smith,  and  John  Berriman.  At  the  request  of  Purifie,  they 
have  endeavoured  to  provide  them  with  a  banyan  writer  that  speaks 
Persian  and  English,  and  have  asked  their  own  writer  to  proceed  to 
Gombroon,  but  he  has  refused,  '  it  being  utterly  against  the  custome 
of  his  cast.'  Payment  of  freight  by  native  passengers.  Refer  to 
the  Company's  advices  for  instructions  regarding  trade  in  Persia, 
their  claim  to  Ormus,  and  the  subduing  of  Muskat.  Most  of  the 
money  received  from  England  has  been  spent  in  paying  off  debts, 
providing  goods  for  the  southwards,  and  purchasing  provisions  for 
the  ships ;  the  remainder  will  only  suffice  for  lading  home  one 
vessel.     'The  merchandize  of  India  doth  produce  in  England  more 

M  2 


i64  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

then  silke  or  ought  you  send  from  Persia.'  The  Dutch  commander 
here  has  told  Mr.  Burt  that  '  the  Shaw  hath  offered  Ormus  unto 
them,  which  wee  doe  not  beleeve ',  as  he  would  no  doubt  first  offer 
his  own  share  to  the  English,  who  already  have  a  claim  to  the  rest. 
Would  be  glad  to  hear  what  has  been  done  regarding  the  Company's 
orders  to  procure  its  cession.  If  a  joint  attack  on  Muskat  be 
arranged,  a  stipulation  must  be  made  that  the  English  are  to  be 
allowed  sole  possession  of  the  castle  after  its  capture,  leaving  the 
rest  to  the  Persians ;  but  the  attempt  seems  too  hazardous  until 
the  Portuguese  galleons  have  been  destroyed.  It  is  not  desirable 
to  interest  the  Dutch  in  any  such  undertaking,  as  they  would  claim 
to  share  the  profit,  both  of  that  and  former  actions.  The  fleet  is  to 
be  sent  back  as  soon  as  possible.  Mr.  Burt  takes  his  passage  in 
the  Blessing,  and  William  Gibson,  John  Antill,  and  George  Turner 
in  the  other  ships  ;  the  last-named  can  act  either  as  surgeon  or 
factor.  Two  more  were  to  have  been  sent,  but  one  stayed  in 
England  and  the  other  is  dead.  Trust  that  the  '  ancient  standers ' 
will  remain  until  the  new  comers  are  sufficiently  experienced, 
especially  as  the  Company  have  increased  their  wages  by  lo/. 
annually.  Praise  Mr.  Burt,  who  has  been  appointed  from  home  to 
be  Agent  in  Persia.  Reiterate  their  last  year's  request  for  rose- 
water,  '  pistaches,'  almonds,  &c.,  for  presents.  Shiraz  wine  need  not 
be  specially  bought,  as  the  Company  has  sent  a  plentiful  supply  of 
Canary,  a  pipe  of  which  has  been  put  on  board  the  Blcssmg  for  the 
Persia  factors'  use.  P.S.  {December  14) — Additional  goods  sent  in 
the  Palsgrave.    {Copy.     7  pp.) 

Commission  from  the  President  and  Council  of  Surat 
TO  Captains  Blyth  and  Brown  for  the  Voyage  to  Persia, 
December  8,  i6a6  {Factory  Records^  Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  207). 

As  at  present,  Blyth  is  to  command  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin, 
and  Brown  the  William,  Blessing,  Discovery,  and  Morris,  '  con- 
ceavinge  all  of  them  to  bee  but  one  fleete,  allthough  for  conservacion 
of  both  your  reputes  and  avoidinge  of  emulacion  wee  doe  admitt  of 
two  admiralls.'  To  keep  company  with  the  Dutch,  and  if  they 
meet  the  Portuguese  galleons  to  '  applie  your  utmost  indevours  to 
effect  their  finale  ruine'.  No  time  should  be  lost  in  reaching 
Gombroon.     Mr.  Burt  (who  is  to  succeed  as  Agent  if  the  post  be 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  165 

vacant,  or  to  take  charge  of  affairs  at  Gombroon  should  the  present 
Agent  be  absent)  is  exempted  from  their  command  and  is  to  be 
treated  with  all  fitting  love  and  respect.  The  council  nominated 
by  the  Company  is  continued  ;  meetings  are  to  be  held  on  the 
Palsgrave  and  William  alternately.  Mr.  Burt  is  to  rank  next  to 
the  two  commanders.  The  native  passengers  are  to  be  courteously 
and  civilly  treated, '  for  that  their  kind  usadge  doth  greatly  conserne 
our  nacions  repute,  our  particuler  frendshipp  with  these  inhabitants, 
and  consequently  the  Companies  service,  as  well  heare  as  in  Percia.' 
No  limit  is  placed  on  their  stay  at  Gombroon,  but  they  are  to  return 
at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  Should  they  make  captures,  any 
vessel  suitable  for  use  at  Batavia  should  be  reserved  for  that  purpose  ; 
and  the  same  with  any  '  negros  or  other  blacks  that  shall  fall  into 
your  hands  ',  provided  they  do  not  belong  to' friendly  nations.  Pre- 
cautions to  be  taken  against  pillage,  and  against  anybody  in  the 
fleet  presuming  *to  culler  under  his  owne  name  any  passengers 
goods  ',  in  order  to  defraud  the  customs  at  Gombroon.  Their 
'  consorteshipp  with  the  Dutch '  is  referred  '  unto  your  owne 
determinacions'.     {Copy,     "^pp.) 

President  Kerridge  and  Council,  aboard  the  Blessing 

AT    SWALLY,    TO   MESSRS.   PURIFIE   AND   BeNTHALL   IN    PERSIA, 

December  13, 1626  {O.C.  1245). 

Intimating  that  from  the  arrival  of  the  ship  at  Gombroon  their 
wages  will  be  augmented  by  10/.  for  the  first  year,  and  an  additional 
10/.  for  the  second,  beyond  the  10/.  per  annum  increment  granted 
by  the  Company.     {Copy,  signed  by  Kerridge  only.     ^  p.) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  thy.  Discovery 
FROM  Surat  to  Gombroon  and  Back  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xliii. 
p.  20). 

1626,  December  11.  The  Discovery  went  out  of  Swally  Hole. 
December  15.  The  whole  fleet  sailed.  December  19.  The  Christo- 
pher parted  company,  bound  for  Batavia ;  also  three  Dutch  ships 
for  Europe.  December  29.  The  Discovery  took  the  Wapen  in  tow. 
1627,  January  2.  Three  of  the  Dutch  lost  company.  January  5. 
Saw  the  Persian  coast.  January  14.  The  Discovery  lost  sight  of 
the  rest  of  the  fleet,  who  went  into  Jask.     Jamiary  16.  She  was 


i66  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

overtaken  by  the  others,  except  the  Dutch,  who  had  remained 
at  Jask.  January  i8.  At  night  they  got  into  Gombroon  Road. 
February  I.  Went  over  to  Ormus  for  ballast.  Februarys.  Returned 
to  Gombroon.  February  19.  The  fleet  sailed  for  Surat.  March  6. 
Saw  Diu  Head.  March  9.  Anchored  off  Swally  Bar.  March  10. 
Went  into  the  port.  March  13.  The  Discovery  was  ordered  to 
Surat  Bar  to  protect  a  junk  belonging  to  the  Governor  of  Surat, 
bound  for  the  Red  Sea.  In  weighing  anchor,  her  boat  was  upset 
and  four  men  were  drowned.  March  14.  Anchored  at  Surat  Bar, 
where  she  rode  until  the  junk  sailed  (i8th).  March  19.  Returned 
to  Swally.     (8|//.) 

David  Davis's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  [Marine  Re- 
cords, vol.  xliv.  p.  28). 

1626,  December  10  ajid  11.  Got  passengers  on  board  and  went 
over  the  bar.  December  ij.  Sailed.  December!^.  The.  Christop/ier 
and  three  Dutch  ships  quitted  the  fleet.  1627,  January  i.  Took  the 
Wapcn  in  tow.  Three  of  the  Dutch  vessels  lost  company  that  night. 
January  5.  Saw  '  Cape  Palmor '.  \Skctch^^  The  tow-rope  broke, 
and  hurt  four  of  the  Discovery s  men.  Jawiary  13.  Saw  the  three 
Hollanders  again,  standing  off  from  Jask  Road.  \^Sketch  of  Cape 
Jask.'\  January  16.  The  rest  of  the  English  came  up,  having 
landed  Mr.  Turner  at  Jask,  who  proceeded  thence  to  Gombroon. 
The  Discovery  was  then  near  Cape  '  Cumbarque '.  \_Sce  p.  49  ; 
a  sketch  is  given  ^  January  \^.  Got  into  Gombroon  Road.  \Sketch 
of  the  a7ichorage^^  January  30.  Weighed  anchor  for  Ormus. 
\_Sketch  of  Ormus. ^'\  February  18.  Sailed  from  Gombroon  at  mid- 
night, accompanied  by  five  Dutch  ships,  two  Persian  frigates  and 
the  Primrose,  also  belonging  to  the  Persians.^  February  20.  The 
Persians  lost  company  at  night.  31  arch  6.  Saw  Diu  Head. 
March  9.  Off  Old  Swally.  March  10.  Went  into  Swally  Hole. 
March  11  and  12.  Landed  their  passengers.  March  13.  The  long- 
boat was  overset,  and  four  men  were  drowned.  Went  down  to 
Surat  Bar.  March  15.  A  junk  of  Cranganore  brought  news  of  two 
Portuguese  ships  and  five  frigates  at  Chaul.     March  16.  At  night 

'  Reproduced  in  the  Geographical  Joivnal  for  August,  1894  (p.  i6o). 
'  She  had  been  sold  by  Capt.  Hall  to  the  Khan  of  Shiraz  in  1623  (see  the  previous 
volume,  pp.  339,  342,  344). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  167 

arrived  the  Primrose,  '  wherin  was  the  Lord  Admirall  of  Persia,^ 
going  as  imbassedor  to  the  Create  Mogull,  with  many  horsses  for 
a  present.'     (13//.) 

Andrew  Warden's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  [Ibid., 
vol.  xlv.  p.  20). 

1636,  December  12.  The  William  went  out  of  Swally  Hole. 
December  15.  Sailed,  1637,  January  15.  Anchored  near  Jask  and 
put  a  couple  of  merchants  ashore  to  go  to  Gombroon.  January  18. 
Reached  Gombroon  Road.  January  35.  Three  Portuguese  frigates 
anchored  close  to  the  town  and  landed  their  goods.  January  27. 
It  was  decided  to  send  three  of  the  ships  over  to  Ormus  to  fetch 
ballast  for  the  fleet.  February  19.  Sailed.  March  10.  Got  into 
Swally  Hole.  One  of  the  Dutch  ships  ran  ashore  and  had  to 
be  broken  up.  March  11.  It  was  decided  that  the  fleet  should  go 
to  the  southwards.  March  13.  The  Discovery  was  sent  to  the 
river's  mouth  to  secure  two  junks  against  the  Malabar  frigates. 
Four  men  drowned  in  fetching  an  anchor  aboard.     (8^  //.) 

Thomas  Kerridge  at  Surat  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  December  24,  1626  {O.C.  1246). 

Had  expected  ere  this  to  receive  bills  of  exchange  on  *  Pelwan 
Suffeat '  [Pahlawan  Safid]  for  the  proceeds  of  his  goods  in  Bang- 
ham's  hands  ;  begs  the  latter  to  consider  the  loss  caused  by  the 
delay,  and  to  sell  off  everything  at  such  prices  as  he  can  get. 
Having  dispatched  all  business  at  court,  he  is  to  proceed  to  Agra. 
Mr.  Barber,  departing  four  days  since  for  Baroda,  left  behind  some 
goods  of  Ban^ham's,  which  are  now  in  Page's  custody.  Some 
other  articles  that  arrived  in  the  Dolphin  Hopkinson  has  taken 
to  Ahmadabad.  Sends  some  loose  papers  received  from  Barber. 
{Seal.     Received  February  4.     1^  pp.) 

Richard  Wylde  at  Surat  to  the  Same,  December  24 
1626  {O.C.  1247). 

Perceives  from  his  letter  from  Lahore  in  October  last  that 
Bangham  is  annoyed  at  being  reproved  for  remissness  in  sending 
advice.     Protests  that  he  was  acting  the  part  of  a  true  friend,  and 

*  Khairat  Khan,  who  is  mentioned  later  as  returning  from  his  mission  in  1628. 


i68  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

if  his  own  brother  had  '  comitted  these  neglectes '  he  would  have 
been  still  more  severe.  Mr.  Page  has  accepted  (though  '  with  much 
adoe ')  the  bill  of  exchange  drawn  by  Robert  Tottle.  Bangham 
has  desired  him  to  charge  400  rupees  to  the  Company's  account ; 
but  this  he  cannot  do  without  further  information.  {Seal.  Received 
February  4.     i  /.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  Samana  to  the  Same,  December  28, 
1626  {O.C.  1248). 

As  desired,  he  has  procured  for  him  a  parcel  of  linens.  Will 
send  particulars  later.  Makes  some  small  requests.  {Damaged. 
I  p.) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Palsgrave  [at  J  ask] 
BY  William  Burt,  Christopher  Brown,  James  Slade,  John 
Johnson,  and  Thomas  Waller,  January  13  [15?],  1627 
{Factory  Records,  Persia,  vol.  i.  p.  204). 

Their  voyage  has  been  much  hindered  by  contrary  winds  and 
the  behaviour  of  the  Dutch,  whose  ship  the  Wapeji  has  been  towed 
by  the  Discovery  since  December  27.  On  January  3  the  Dutch 
dispatched  ahead  the  Beer,  Hollandia,  and  Mauritius,  probably 
with  a  view  to  snap  up  prizes  for  their  own  benefit.  Two  days 
later  their  admiral  proposed  that  the  fleet  should  go  to  Muskat  ; 
but  this  was  refused,  as  it  would  '  frustrate  us  of  our  this  yeares 
designes'.  On  the  12th  the  Dutch  admiral's  ship  and  the  Wapen 
(which  had  broken  loose  from  the  Discovery  during  the  night)  were 
lost  sight  of,  and  the  English  went  into  Jask,  where  they  found  the 
other  three  Dutch  ships.  As  the  Governor  of  Jask  reports  that 
the  Gulf  is  free  from  Portuguese,  and  there  is  no  sign  of  the  two 
missing  Dutch  vessels,  it  is  decided  to  proceed  to  Gombroon. 
{Copy.     1  p.) 

William  Burt  in  Jask  Road  to  the  Factors  in  Persia, 
January  15, 1627  {Ibid.,  p.  205). 

They  have  doubtless  heard  from  England  of  the  dispatch  of  this 
fleet,  viz.  the  William,  Blessing,  Discovery,  and  Morris,  who  sailed 
on  April  16,  1626,  and  reached  Johanna  on  July  29.  Being  there 
joined  by  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin,  they  proceeded  to  Surat, 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  169 

arriving  on  October  3.  They  sailed  again  on  December  15  for 
Persia,  accompanied  by  five  Dutch  ships,  of  which  two  are  old, 
leaky,  and  unserviceable.  The  Dutch  dishonestly  induced  the 
English  to  tow  one  of  these  '  sluggs ',  '  whilst  they  dispatched  three 
of  theire  best  saylors  to  range  the  coaste  for  purchasse  [prize- 
taking]  or  to  gaine  the  port  beefore  us  '.  Lost  sight  of  the  two 
remaining  Hollanders  on  the  nth,  and  three  days  later  got  into 
Jask,  where  they  found  the  former  three.  These  had  anchored 
two  days  at  '  Cape  Mombarrique '  [see  p.  49],  whence  probably 
they  sent  news  to  their  friends  at  Gombroon.  There  has  been 
a  rumour  of  their  undertaking  some  enterprise  in  concert  with  the 
Persians  ;  but  if  they  have  promised  to  do  so,  it  is  more  than  they 
have  ability  to  perform  with  their  present  forces  ;  '  soe  that  if  you 
finde  any  advantage  possible  to  bee  taken  (by  theire  unpreparednes) 
one  the  beehalfe  of  our  honorable  imployers,  you  maye  bee  pleased 
to  sollicite  itt  with  all  speedye  industrye  and  carefull  dilligence '. 
The  Company  have  in  their  letters  given  '  large  encouragement  .  .  . 
to  omitt  noe  opportunitye  in  a  valuable  attempt  which  maye  occurr 
to  theire  present  and  future  benefitts  ; '  but  at  the  same  time  they 
are  not  to  engage  in  any  risky  enterprise  and,  'in  respect  of  the 
present  occasions  of  shipping,  both  for  Europe  and  the  southwards, 
it  is  conceaved  it  must  bee  an  importante  designe  that  shall  induce 
the  staye  of  the  fleete  in  any  exployte  there '.  Sends  an  abstract 
of  the  Company's  letters,  as  he  dares  not  trust  the  originals  to  the 
present  conveyance.  As  the  Dolphin  is  to  return  to  England  from 
Surat  this  season,  she  must  be  dispatched  from  Gombroon  as 
speedily  as  possible ;  so  any  goods  at  that  place  should  be  got 
ready  for  early  lading.  Heard  rumours  at  Surat  that  six  Portuguese 
galleons  had  gone  to  Persia  ;  '  wee  are  prepared  for  theire  encounter, 
if  soe  it  happen,  and  question  not  (by  the  Lords  permission)  butt 
wee  shall  both  revenge  and  abate  theire  tiranous  insolencye '.    {Copy. 

Robert  Tottle  at  Samana  to  John  Bangham  at  Lahore, 
January  24, 1627  {O.C.  1249). 

Has  received  his  letter  of  the  8th,  with  the  carpets  for  Captain 
Kerridge.  Transmits  letters  received  from  Surat  via  Agra.  On 
arrival  at  '  Sinond '   [Sirhind]  will  make  over  to  Bangham  what 


I70  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

money  he  has  in  hand.  Thanks  him  for  the  knives.  Has  not  yet 
recovered  the  stolen  cloth.  P.  5.— Purposes  on  Tuesday  '  to  macke 
couch '.1  Prices  of  cloth  bought  for  Kerridge.  {Seal.  Damaged. 
Received  Febrjiary  4.     i  /.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson  at  Ahmadabad  to  John  Bangham  at 
Court,  February  i,  1627  {O.C.  1252). 

On  January  29  received  his  letter  of  November  21.     Regrets  to 
learn  the  trouble  he  has  had  from  the  crossness  of  his  business,  the 
treachery  of  his  broker,  want  of  assistance,  and  long  and  dangerous 
travels.     He  will,  however,  be  relieved  before  long,  for  Hopkinson 
understands  that  the  President  intends  'wholly  to   dissolve  that 
tedious  court  attendance  ',  and  to  send  up  Clement,  who  will  start 
for  Agra  in  about  a  month.    Offley  is  then  to  come  down.    Whether 
Clement  is  to  take  precedence  of  Bangham  or  not,  Hopkinson  does 
not   know.      Ralph    Cartwright   accompanies  him.      Offley's  pro- 
ceedings are  so  hardly  thought  of  that  he  will  have  need  of  a  very 
sound  and  substantial  apology  for  himself  on  arrival.     Refers  to 
letters  previously  sent  him.    It  seems  that  Asaf  Khan,  '  like  a  fake 
villain,  is  still  desirous  of  more  tofa^  \see  p.  114],  but  unless  his 
dealings  and  prices  give  better  encouragement  he  is  not  likely  to 
see  any  more.     Hopkinson  has  all  that  arrived  in  the  last  ships  ; 
he  hopes  to  sell  at  least  part,  and  the  rest  Clement  may  perhaps 
carry  to  Agra.     Begs  him  to  get  an  account  from  Goodwin   of 
Hopkinson's  goods  and  take  the  remains  into  his  custody.     Still 
has  the  things  sent  out  by  Bangham's  brother.     Will  forward  the 
unsold  portion  by  Clement.     Had  thought   to    entrust  them   to 
Emanuel  de.  Paiva,  who  left  fifteen  or  sixteen  days  back,  but  did 
not  do  so  because  he  was  going  straight  to  Lahore,  and  Hopkinson 
thought  that  Bangham  would  probably  be  at  Agra.     Forwards 
some  letters  for  De  Paiva,  and  sends  commendations  to  him,  the 
Padre,  Signors    Eduardo,  Sebastian,  and   Rodrigo.      'There  was 
a  great  deale  of  love  amongst  us  when  they  were  here,  and  I  never 
found  De  Paiva  other  then  an  honest  man.'     P.S.—K  rupee  to  be 
given  to  the  bearer.     {Seal     Received  March  4.     \\  pp.) 

1  Take  his  departure  (Hind,  kuch,  a  march  or  journey). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  171 

Fragment  of  John  Bangham's  Account  Book  at  Court, 
February  5-12,  1627  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  xxiv. 
P-  34). 

Journalized  entries  of  sundry  transactions,  including  gold  lace 
returned  by  Nawab  Mahabat  Khan,  presents  '  to  the  Kings  Secretary 
for  writing  the  Kings  firmaune  '  (2  knives  and  2  svvordblades,  worth 
in  all  Rs.  20)  and  to  various  other  persons,  Bangham's  own  wages, 
payments  to  peons,  &c.     (i  /.) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  and  George  Page 

AT   SURAT   TO   JOHN   BANGHAM   AT   LAHORE,  FEBRUARY  6,  1 62 7 

{O.C.  1250). 

In  answer  to  his  letter  of  November  30,  with  postscript  of 
December  9,  received  on  January  20.  '  We  observe  your  access  to 
the  Kinge  and  his  principall  officers,  [and]  the  deliverie  of  our 
letters  to  Hackeeme  Mussehelzeman  ^  and  Aganoore  [Agha  Nur]. 
The  first  was  only  gratulatorie ;  and  the  latter  hath  in  effect  been 
answered  by  Aganoore  unto  Alice  Rezake  [All  Razzaq],  who 
shewed  it  us  ;  which  was  to  shorten  Seed  Alice  Cazees  -^  arme 
from  reaching  unto  ought  concerned  him.  Soe  it  seemes  he  wilbe 
dilligent  enough  in  his  owne  business.  The  Kings  displeasure 
against  Mahobett  Chan,  and  his  coming  from  the  court,  hath  been 
heere  manyfested  long  since  ;  which  moste  men  beleeves  will  not 
continew,  he  haveing  been  his  ancient  and  indeed  moste  faithfull 
servant,  and  is  at  present  in  Guzeratt,  about  Nagar  Jaloure,^  with 
a  good  force  of  resolute  Rasbootes  [Rajputs]  ;  yet  attempted  not 
Ratanpoore  Castle  ■*  or  any  other  place,  but  lives  very  peaceably, 
though  hath  (it  seemes)  exchanged  some  letters  with  Sultan 
Charome,  who  will  not  trust  him,  for  upon  the  first  bruite  of  his 
approach  into  these  parts  Chorome  was  in  great  feare  and  fitted 
himselfe  to  have  fled  farther  into  Decan  (whether  he  is  returned 

^  Hakim  Masih-al-Zaman,  for  -whom  see  a  note  on  p.  273  of  the  previous  volume. 

^  Saiyid  All  the  Qazl. 

'  The  celebrated  hill  fortress  of  Jalor,  in  Manvar 

*  This  seems  to  be  a  perversion  of  a  story  given  by  De  Laet  to  the  effect  that  Mirza 
'  Beyrewer '  [Bahrawar  ?],  third  son  of  Mahabat  Khan,  being  dispatched  by  his  father  on 
a  military  expedition,  endeavoured  to  possess  himself  of  the  castle  of  Ranthambhor, 
where  his  father's  treasures  were  deposited,  but  was  foiled  by  the  fidelity  of  the 
commandant. 


J72  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

from  Tutta),  and  had  doubtless  effected  it.  if  Mahobett  Chan  had 
advanced  towards  him  ;   whereby  it  is  conceaved  the  Kings  dis- 
pleasure is  not  soe  asper  but  that  his  easie  nature  will  soone  be 
reconcyled,  though  Mahobett  Chan  his  enemyes  have  prevayled  in 
the  execucion  and  disgrace  of  his  freinds.    Sheryares  great  advance- 
ment is  the  thing  indeed  that  extenuates  the  hope  of  Charomes 
wellwillers,  who  upon  the  death  of  Parveis  generally  declared  their 
affeccion  by  sending  him  presents  and  peticions  offring  their  service, 
in  assurance  of  his  suddaine  advancement,  which  is  not  nowe  likelie, 
that  potent  Queens  intrest  being  greater  in  her  owne  issue  then  her 
brothers,  either  of  whome  in  the  end  will  proove  fatall  unto  the 
other.'     Regret  that  the  Company  are  still  losers  by  these  conten- 
tions, and  trust  that  this  will  be  a  warning  to  Bangham  to  get 
money  quickly  for  all  he  sells.     '  Mahobett  Chan  hath  been  ever 
held  generous,  and  in  tyme  of  his  disgrace  would  soonest  have 
given  satisfaccion  for  the  gold  lace  or  returned  it,  had  you  gone  to 
him,  which  you  might  safflie  have  done,  if  you  had  preacquainted 
Assaph  Chan  with  the  cause.'     He  must  now  send  a  petition  for 
payment  '  to  his  tavildare  [Hind.  tahvJlddr,  a  cashier]  or  whom  elce 
you  delivered  the  same '.     They  accept  his  excuses  for  not  writing 
oftener,  knowing  well  the  delays  and  '  tedious  solicitings  of  that 
court,  which  seeing  it  produceth  not  proffitt  on  the  comodities  we 
send  nor  benefitt  otherwise  to  beare  soe  great  a  charge  and  trouble 
we  must  remoove  the  occasion  by  withholding  supplies  from  thence, 
seeing  the  Company  alsoe  maye  imploye  their  meanes  in  other 
goods  or  send  ready  monye  insteed  of  Jewells  and  fine  wares,  which 
(loss  of  time  and  expences  considered)  doth  lose  of  its  prime  cost ; 
and  our  just  suites  alsoe  finde  soe  colde  and  uncertaine  releefe  that 
our  masters  were  better  omitt  what  is  past  then  thus  fruitlesslye 
continue  to  solicitt  restitucion  ;  and  if  greevances  happen  heere,  we 
finde   it   best   to   reconcile   them    ourselves  by  yealding  in   some 
measure  to  the  demaunds,  for  when  we  persist,  in  expectance  of 
redress  by  the  Kings  justice,  his  firmaens  yealds  it  not,  being  onlye 
a  sflorious  shew,  without  other  effect  then  the  Governours  verball 
observance '.     Note  Mir   Musa's  return  of  two  broadcloths,  and 
Muqarrab  Khan's  dealing  in  the   same  kind.      'Assaph  Chan  is 
nigard  enough,  and  makes  more  use  of  us  then  any  man  elce  ;  yet 
feeds  you,  as  he  hath  done  others  heeretofore,  with  words  only.' 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  173 

They  hope  that  Bangham  has  made  an  end  both  with  him  and  the 

Queen  for  all  the  gold  lace  and  satins,  which  will  be  the  last  sent, 

if  the  Company  will  be  advised  by  them.     Note  that  Bangham  has 

refused  a  bill  for  5,oco  rupees  drawn  on  him  by  Offley.     What  the 

latter  has  done  with  his  money  they  do  not  know,  for  though  two 

qafilas  have  come  down  with  saltpetre  and  a  few  other  goods  they 

have  received  no  invoices  from  him  ;   but  possibl}''  he  will  bring 

them    down  himself  with   the    third  caravan,  which   is   expected 

shortly.     Indigo  has  risen  so  much  in  price  that  they  were  glad  to 

learn  of  Tottle's  investment  at  Samana,  although  it  is  against  the 

Company's  orders  ;  they  are  anxious  to  hear  of  its  dispeed  from 

Agra,  as  Offley  thought  it  would  not  be  received  in  time.     '  You 

rightlie  observe  the  perwannas  procured  from  Mahobett  Chan  are 

of  noe  force  ;  and  except  Assaph  Chan  shew  better  effects  of  love 

then  he  hath  done,  his  wilbe  to  as  little  purpose  ;  whose  injustice 

forced  from  us  as  well  the  4,000  rup[ees]  restored  to  Mafuz  as  the 

10,000  most  wrongfullye   extorted   by  the  Sinde  men.     He  will 

perhaps  be  ready  in  that  of  Herpaxad  his  sonne,  who  being  poore 

can  pay  nothing ;  yet  must  it  be  endeavoured.'     Jadu  has  played 

the  villain  in  all.     If  money  cannot  be  got  from  him,  bills  should 

be  taken  ;  he  should  then  be  discarded  and  sued.     '  We  like  well 

the  vend  of  your  cloth  into  the  Queens  cercare,  though  at  soe  base 

a  price  as  rup[ees]  6  the  covedo.'     '  The  base  esteeme  and  slowe 

vend  causeth  us  repent  to  have  landed  any  cloth,  proveing  worse  in 

goodness  alsoe  then  any  heeretofore  ;    soe  that  we  are  not   yet 

resolved  whether  to  send  any  up  or  shipp  it  next  yeare  for  Persia. 

You   have  done   very  ill  if  you   have   acquainted    Assaph   Chan 

with  our  Jewells  or  ought  elce,  seing  you  knew  our  purpose  longe 

since   to   disolve   that   residence.      The  Jewells   we   have  sent   at 

Mr.   Hopkinsons   instance   to  Amadavad,  and  hartely  wish   they 

maye  there  finde  proffitable  vend  ;  it  being  better  for  the  Company 

and  the  other  propriators  to  sell  heere  30  per  cento  cheaper  then  at 

the  court,  seeing  the  Kinge  (as  you  write)  goeth  for  Cashmeere, 

and  two  yeares  wilbe  expired  ere  the  proceed  can  be  converted  to 

there  use,  which  with  hazard  and  expence  will  equall  the  difference 

mencioned.      Besides,  Assaph    Chan  doth   continually  abase   our 

masters  in  price  of  their  Jewells,  who  haveing  scene  them,  none  elce 

dares  buy  what  he  likes  ;  the  remembrance  whereof  hath  induced 


174  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

us  inorder  Mr.  Hopkinson  to  accept  of  lo  per  cento  proffitt,  if  noe 
more  can  be  obtayned,'  They  are  trying  to  sell  some  satins  to 
'  the  late  Governor  and  yet  Divan '.  Cannot  supply  lawns,  cambrics, 
and  other  Europe  linens,  nor  will  they  write  for  any,  as  those 
formerly  brought  were  sold  to  Asaf  Khan  for  a  quarter  their  prime 
cost.  Will  send  up  the  commodities  from  England  which  Bangham 
considers  likely  to  sell,  but  this  is  not  to  delay  his  winding  up  the 
business  at  court  and  departing  to  Agra.  The  goods  shall  be 
forwarded  to  that  city  and  Bangham  can  take  them  to  the  court 
after  the  King's  return  from  Kashmir.  '  Concerning  the  house  at 
Agra  we  perceave  your  opinion  and  what  you  endeavoured  by 
a  perwanna  to  the  Governor,  the  effect  whereof  was  nothing,  though 
received  before  the  house  was  bought,  whereto  we  beleeve  constraint 
induced  Mr,  Offleys  consent ;  which  we  still  thinke  he  had  better 
avoyded  by  leaving  it,  and  though  we  are  doubtfull  noe  neighboure 
will  give  1,000  rup[ees]  more,  yet  would  the  monnye  then  have 
been  invested  in  indigoe  to  more  proffitt  then  the  like  some  and 
halfe  soe  much  more  hath  since  been  ;  soe  that  though  his 
affirmacion  be  truth,  yet  is  it  a  very  deare  penyworth ;  and  our 
masters,  being  strangers,  desire  not  to  lay  out  their  monnye  in 
houses  where  they  can  not  dispose  of  them  when  they  would. 
Besides,  we  doupt  the  convayance  of  the  Kings  houses  will  scarce 
be  found  warrantable  in  another  Kings  raigne,  if  in  this  it  be  not 
questioned  by  a  new  Governor  ;  neither  doe  we  know  what  acknow- 
ledgment he  hath  that  it  is  absolutely  bought  for  ever,  verely 
beleeveing,  if  the  sale  be  not  confermed  by  the  Kings  firmaen,  the 
molestacion  of  future  Governors  will  cost  more  in  its  defence  then 
soe  good  a  house  may  be  rented  at  as  would  serve  their  worthyest 
servants ;  wherein  alsoe  their  trade  (which  is  not  augmented  but 
deminnished  by  vayneglorie  and  unnecessarie  disburcements)  would 
finde  less  disparagment  then  it  hath  done  by  sondry  troubles 
(though  bribes  hath  often  been  given)  in  the  keeping  of  this,  which 
the  Kinge  gave  unto  the  English  for  their  residence,  who  have 
spent  above  2,000  rup[ees]  in  its  reparacion.  But  all  these  reasons 
serving  now  to  little  purpose,  we  will  attend  coppie  of  the  con- 
veighance  and  your  opinion  of  its  sufficiencye  before  we  endeavor 
either  sale  or  surrender.  Itt  is  not  to  be  doubted  the  Dutch  doe 
give  us  all  the  molestacion  they  can,  whose  industrie  in  their  affaires 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  175 

generally  exceeds  ours  and  doth  require  all  mens  best  abilleties  to 
prevent  them.  Vapore^  his  affirmacion  to  the  Venetians  we  shall 
bring  noe  more  cloves  is  not  unlikelye,  and  what  our  people  are 
able  to  doe  therein  at  southwards  we  are  incertaine.'  Censure  his 
omission  to  furnish  Surat,  as  well  as  Agra,  with  copies  of  his 
accounts.  The  Agra  factors  are  as  backward,  for  they  have  sent 
no  accounts  for  two  years— an  insufferable  neglect,  considering  that 
those  of  all  other  factories  are  entered  in  the  Surat  books,  which, 
balanced  up  to  last  September,  are  about  to  be  sent  home.  In 
future  all  factories  must  give  account  direct  to  Surat  without 
depending  on  subordinates,  that  no  man  may  excuse  himself  by 
the  default  of  others.  He  must  be  careful  to  send  his  journal,  with 
particulars  of  petty  charges,  as  otherwise  the  Company  will  not  be 
able  to  proportion  Sir  Francis  Crane's  share  of  his  expenses.  Urge 
him  to  sell  off  his  '  Bulgare  hides  '  and  other  goods  at  a  low  price 
rather  than  lose  time.  Cannot  understand  why  he  did  not  sell 
Abbot's  emeralds  at  the  best  price  he  could  get ;  this  should  be 
done  and  advice  sent  speedily  to  Surat.  Thank  him  for  the 
information  as  to  current  prices.  Have  sold  all  their  coral,  quick- 
silver, elephants'  teeth,  and  10,000  maunds  of  their  lead.  If  they 
cannot  dispose  of  their  amber  beads  they  may  send  them  to  Agra. 
Prices  of  spikenard  and  lac.  '  We  pray  you  take  knowledge  that 
Pellewan  Saphed,  Cojah  Abullasan  his  shekdare  -  of  Urpale  [see 
p.  28]  hath  required  us  to  paye  him  custome  of  the  goods  we  this 
yeare  shipt  for  the  southwards  and  Persia,  alleaging  the  port  of 
Swallye  to  belong  unto  his  pregona  \_pargafia,  or  district],  and  may 
in  truth  with  as  much  reason  demaund  custome  for  all  our  goods 
laden  and  discharged  on  Swally  sands,  which  hetherto  (you  know) 
hath  been  paide  at  the  custome  house  of  Surratt.  He  sayeth  more- 
over that  whatsoever  of  our  goods  for  all  parts  that  commeth  not 
from  Surratt  shall  paye  its  custome  at  Raneale  [Rander]  ;  which  is 
not  greatlye  materiall  unto  us,  provided  we  pay  it  but  once,  as 
heeretofore,  nor  will  we  be  averse  if  his  master  inorder  it  and  give 
us  assurance  it  shall  not  be  required  elcewhere  ;  which  is  doubtfuU. 

^  Hendrick  Arentsz.  Vapour,  the  Dutch  Agent  at  Agra.  He  had  been  sent  thither 
in  March,  1625,  with  a  cassowary  for  presentation  to  Jahanglr  (Van  den  Broeck's 
Voyagit,  p.  105). 

'  Hmd.  shiqddr,  an  officer  appointed  to  collect  the  revenue  of  a  district. 


176  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

seeing  the  Kings  Customer  will  oppose  it,  and  alleageth  this  change 
of  custome  to  be  prejudiciall  to  the  Kinge  and  that  he  hath  noe 
order  to  give  waye  thereto,  though  Pellowan  Saphed  hath  advice,  it 
seemes,  from  his  master  to  doe  it  ;  with  whom  doe  you  conferr  and 
know  his  distinct  meaning  and  pleasure  in  the  premises,  which 
without  the  Kings  graunt  by  firmaen  unto  him  will  be  effected  with 
difficultie.  Doe  you  farther  certefie  him  that  it  pleased  him  last 
yeare,  at  instance  of  Mr.  Young,  to  procure  the  Kings  firmaen  in 
the  behaulf  of  our  nations  good  usage  and  restoracion  to  freedome 
of  trade  in  this  kingdome,  with  other  priviledges,  mongst  which  is 
a  prohibicion  of  rahdarees  ^  on  our  goods ;  but  little  effectuall  it 
seemes,  for  though  we  have  shewed  the  same  in  all  places,  our 
caphila  this  yeare  from  Agra,  being  only  saltpeeter  and  some 
shuger,  hath  been  forced  to  pay  at  severall  places  on  the  way  from 
Agra  above  2,500  rup[ees]  ;  and  in  Bahdore,^  within  10  course  of 
Daytah  [Dhaita],  was  paide  rup[ees]  S^J^  unto  the  servants  of 
Jadoray  [Jadu  Ray],  latelie  revolted  from  Nizam  Shaw,  King  of 
Decan  ;  and  at  Daytah  rup[ees]  443^,  notwithstanding  the  Surratt 
Governors  letter  unto  the  officers  there,  being  servants  unto  Byram 
Shaw,"'  Raja  of  Molher  ;  which  are  most  unreasonable  exactions. 
The  like  cause  we  have  alsoe  to  complaine  of  the  Decies  *  of  Surrat 
Cercare,^  who  will  not  obey  the  Kings  firmaen,  though  the  Divan, 
Merja  Hassan,  seemeth  to  urge  them;  for  at  Quirka,  but  19  course 
hence,  they  detayne  230  camells  lading,  being  the  last  caphila,  for 
custome  of  it  and  the  former,  demaunding  rahdaree  in  Ouirka, 
Byara,^  and  Balore,"  though  all  three  are  not  five  course  distant 
from  each  other.  And  at  Bamolee,^  12  course  hence,  Mirmoosa  his 
jaguire,  his  servants  detaine  a  camell  lading  of  our  first  caphilaes 
goods  for  rahdaree.     But  the  villayne  that  most  vexeth  us  is  one 

*  Hind,  rdhdart,  a  toll  levied  for  the  cost  of  guarding  a  road. 

*  Bhadwar,  between  Nandurbar  and  Dhaita. 

'  Bhairam  Shah,  the  successor  of  Partab  Shah  as  the  ruler  of  Baglan,  a  small  state 
through  which  the  Surat-Burhanpur  road  passed  {Bombay  Gazetteer,  vol.  xvi.  p.  403). 
Mulher,  near  Jaitapur,  was  his  chief  town. 

*  Mahr.  desdi,  an  official  in  charge  of  a  district. 

^  Hind,  sarkdr,  here  meaning  a  revenue  division. 

*  For  these  two  places  see  p.  28. 

^  Ta vernier  speaks  of  'Ealor'  as  being  10  kos  east  of  Bardoli  and  5  kos  west  of 
'Kerkoa'.     It  does  not  appear  on  the  Indian  Atlas  sheet  of  the  district. 

*  Bardoli,  about  18  miles  east  of  Surat. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  177 

Shaum  [Shyam],  Decie  of  Querka,  that  laughes  both  at  us  and  the 
firmaen,  keeping  the  camells  as  aforesaide  ;  for  whom  if  possible 
procure  some  penall  punnishment  for  example,  and  express  order 
for  restitucion  from  all  the  rest,  with  some  more  effectual  provision 
in  this  particular  for  future  times.  Otherwise  we  will  bribe  noe 
more  to  have  the  Kings  firmaens.'     (7  pp.     Received  April  i.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  '  Sannond  '  [Sirhind]  to  John  Bangham 
AT  Lahore,  February  6,  1627  {0-C.  1251). 

Refers  to  his  former  letter.  Matters  of  account.  Thanks  him 
for  his  kind  lines,  and  wishes  it  were  his  fortune  to  remain  with 
him  as  mentioned  in  the  Council's  letter.  {Seal.  Endo7'sed  as 
received  on  tJie  iith  and  ansivered  07t  the  2^th.     i  /.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  '  Freddhavz  '  ^  to  John  Bangham  at 
Lahore,  February  18,  1627  [O.C.  1253). 

Announced  in  his  last  his  departure  from  '  Sanonnd  '.  Matters 
of  account.  '  The  waies  are  verry  dangerous,  which  caused  me  to 
macke  two  mockcomes  \inaqdm,  a  halt]  in  Dille  [Delhi].'     (i  p.) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Discovery 
FROM  Surat  to  Batavia  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xliii.  p.  28). 

1627,  March  31.  Sailed,  in  company  with  the  William,  Blessing, 
Palsgrave,  Dolphiji,  and  Morris.  April  3.  Saw  '  the  hill  that  is  in 
Bumbay '.  April  7.  Looked  into  Goa  Road,  but  found  no  ships 
there.  The  Dutch  fleet  from  Surat  joined.  April  10.  Took 
a  small  Malabar  vessel  with  fifteen  men  in  her.  She  was  cut 
adrift,  and  the  crew  carried  to  Batavia.  April  15.  The  Morris 
departed  for  Masulipatam.  The  same  night  the  Dutch  parted 
company.  May  13.  Saw  one  of  the  islands  of  '  Nimtam '. 
May  21.  Passed  Engano.  May  28.  Anchored  in  Batavia  Road. 
The  Dutch  fleet  from  Surat  had  arrived  a  day  earlier.  The  Pals- 
grave did  not  get  in  until  June  4.     (8  //.) 

David  Davis's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Ibid., 
vol.  xHv.  p.  41). 

1627,  March  31.  The  fleet  sailed.  April  15.  The  Morris  parted 
company.     May  13.  Saw  land,  which  they  made  out  to  be  one  of 

^  Faridabad,  i6^  miles  south  of  Delhi,  on  the  road  to  Agra. 

FOSTER   III  N 


178  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

the  '  Nasawe  '  or  '  Tycowe'  Islands  \^see  the  previous  volume,  P-  i]- 
May  21.  Sighted  '  Augania  '.  May  25.  In  the  Straits  of  Sunda 
were  overtaken  by  the  Mauritius  from  Surat.  May  27.  Two  more 
Hollanders  passed  them.  May  28.  Anchored  off  Batavia,  and 
found  there  the  Christopher  and  the  Exchange,  twenty-four  Dutch 
ships,  and  eight  Chinese  junks.  The  Eagle,  Simon  and  Jude,  and 
Falcon  came  in  within  two  days  after.  Jttne  2.  The  Prins  van 
Holland  and  a  small  Dutch  ship  arrived.  June  4.  The  Palsgrave 
came  in.  June  6.  The  Maagd  van  Dort  and  Wesp  anchored  in 
the  road.     (8  pp.) 

Andrew  Warden's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xlv.  p.  29). 

1627,  March  28.  The  William  went  over  the  bar.  March  31. 
The  fleet  sailed.  April  16.  The  Morris  departed  for  Masulipatam. 
April '3p.  Crossed  the  Line.  May  13.  Saw  an  island.  May  i\. 
Passed  Engano.     May  27.  Anchored  at  Batavia.     (giPp-) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  D/scov£/?y 
FROM  Batavia  to  Surat  {/did.,  vol.  xliii.  p.  36). 

1627,  Jufie  18.  Sailed,  in  company  with  the  William,  Palsgrave, 
Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Dolphin.  June  21.  Got  clear  of  the 
Straits  of  Sunda.  July  22.  Saw  the  southern  end  of  Madagascar. 
Jjily  28.  Anchored  in  the  Bay  of  St.  Augustine.  The  Exchange 
failed  to  get  in,  and  was  carried  to  Mohilla.  August  i.  The  fleet 
sailed.  August  9.  The  Palsgrave  and  Dolphin  got  into  Mohilla. 
Aiigust  10.  The  William,  Blessing,  and  Discovery  anchored  at 
Johanna.  Ajtgust  20.  The  three  ships  sailed  for  Mohilla. 
August  24.  Arrived  there.  August  28.  The  now  reunited  fleet 
sailed  for  Surat.  September  28.  Saw  the  coast  of  India  near 
St.  John's.  October  i .  Anchored  off  Swally  Bar.  October  4. 
Went  down  to  Surat  Bar  by  the  President's  order.  October  10. 
Recalled.  October  11.  Went  into  Swally  Hole.  October  2'].  The 
Dutch  fleet  arrived  from  Batavia.  November  29.  Captain  Hall's 
fleet,  consisting  of  the  Mary  Royal,  Hart,  Star,  Hopewell,  and 
Refuge,  came  in.  December  6.  A  Dutch  ship  sailed  for  Holland. 
December  9.  The  rest  of  the  Dutch  fleet  departed  for  Gombroon. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  179 

December  18.    The   William,  Exchange,  Hart,  and  Star  followed 
ihem.     December  20.  The  Discovejy  finished  lading  for  England. 

(h4//.) 

David   Davis's   Account    of    the    Same  Vovage    {Ibid., 
vol.  xliv.  p.  49). 

1627,  Jufte  18.   Set  sail,     jfnly  22.  They  were  off  the  south-west 
part  of  Madagascar.     July  2^.  Reached  St.  Augustine's.    Aitgiist  \. 
Sailed  again.      August  9.  Anchored  at  Johanna.     August  10.   The 
William   and  Blessing  got   into   the   road.      August   20.    Sailed. 
Aiig7ist  24.  Anchored  at  Mohilla.     Angnst  28,  Departed.     Septem- 
ber ic).    Sighted  the  Indian  coast.      October  i.   Reached  Swally. 
October  2.  Five  runaways  came  aboard  the  Palsgrave  ;  they  had 
been  with  the  Portuguese.     October  3.  The  President  breakfasted 
in  the  Palsgrave,  dined  in  the  Exchange,  and  spent  the  night  in  the 
William.     Each  ship  welcomed  him  with  nine  guns.     October  4. 
He  dined  in  the  Blessing,  and  afterwards  visited    the  Discovery. 
The  same  day  the  last-named  went  to  the  Bar  of  Surat,  '  to  stopp 
their  jounk  from  comming  in,  because  there  was  some  controversie 
betweene   our    President   and    the    Governor    for   the   customes.' 
October  6.  Seventy  Portuguese  frigates  from  Cambay  passed  by. 
October  7.  A  Surat  junk  returning  from  '  Sinde '  brought  intelli- 
gence  that    Ruy  Freire   had  started   from    Muskat  with  all   the 
soldiers  he  could  muster  to  take  some  place  in  the  Persian  Gulf. 
October  9.  The  Dutch  President  visited  the  English  ships,  and  was 
saluted  with  seven  guns.     An  order  came  from  Captain  Blyth  to 
release   the  junk.       October    10.  The   Discovery   was   recalled   to 
Swally.     October  19.  The  President  and  the  Governor  of  Cambay 
came  aboard  the  ships,  and  were  received  with  much  ceremony. 
October  27.  A  Dutch  fleet  arrived.     November  4.   Saw  the  Portu- 
guese frigates  bound  for  Cambay  pass  by.     November  29.  News 
came  that  the  Discovery  was  to  go  home  instead   of  to  Persia. 
November  30.  The  Palsgrave  was  on  fire  twice.     Captain   Hall's 
fleet  arrived.      December  2.  'While  the  President  was  at  dinner 
aboord  the  William,  with  all  the  commanders,  newes  was  brought 
that  the  Moguls  eldest  sonn  ^  was  slaine  by  his  uncle,  the  Mogul 

'  This   seems  to  be  a  confused  reference  to  the  defeat   of   Shahriyar   by  the  forces 

N  2 


i8o  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

his  brother,  and  that  this  rebell  was  comming  downe  to  Suratt  ; 

whereuppon  the  President  rose   from   dinner  and  went  forthwith 

to  Suratt.'     December  5.   'I   ^vent  out  of  the  Discovery  into  the 

Hart:     iMPP) 

ANDREW  Warden's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  in  the 
William  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlv.  p.  38). 

1627  June  18.  The  fleet  sailed  for  the  Comoros  to  meet  the 
ships  expected  from  England,  and  convoy  them  to  India.  Jnly  n- 
Rounded  the  southern  end  of  Madagascar.  Jtdy  28.  Anchored  m 
St  Augustine's  Bay,  where  they  purchased  plenty  of  cattle  for 
a  few  beads.  August  i.  Sailed.  August  10.  Arrived  at  Johanna. 
^Atigust  20.  Sailed  to  Mohilla  to  pick  up  the  other  three  ships. 
August  28  The  whole  fleet  departed  for  India,  having  failed  to 
get  news  of  the  ships  from  England.  September  29.  Saw  the  coast 
of  India.  October  i.  Anchored  near  Swally.  October  11.  Went 
into  the  Hole.     [T-6\pp) 

PRESIDENT     HAWLEY     AND     COUNCIL    AT     BATAVIA    TO    THE 

Company,  July  18,  1627  {O.C.  1256). 

Arrival  of  the  Christopher  from  Surat  with  stores,  Indian  goods, 
and  -6  Ts6  rials  .  .  .  Trust  that  in  future  the  Company  will  enlarge 
their  consignment  to  Surat  by  at  least  100,000  rials,  to  be  invested 
in  Indian  commodities  for  transport  to  '  this  southerns  Presidency  . 
Also   that   one   ship   will    be    sent    direct   to   Masulipatam     rom 
England,   carrying  gold   rather  than  rials,  and   also   lead    alum, 
quicksilver,  brimstone,  and   some  broadcloths,  kerseys,  and  per- 
petuanoes-'  most    stammetts    [reds]  ;    some   poppingay   greene ; 
blew  cloth  but  watchett  [pale  blue]  and  azurs;  and  orrmg.     These 
cappitall  cullers  ar  for  garments,  for  saddles,  and  to  cover  pa  lan- 
kiens  •  therfore  we  suppose  light  kersies  more  fitt  then  broad  cloth. 
Mean'e  cloth  is  also  used  for  servitors  coats  ;  only  red  and  no  other 
culler  ■  no  sad  culler  respected,  especially  black.     If  in  that  factory 
two  hundreth  thousand  rials  of  eight  yearly  invested,  it  will  in 
a  resonnable  manner  mainetaine  charges;    but  rather  more  then 
less,  for  your  peper  trade  will  require  that  proporcion,  and  if  you 

of  Asaf  Khan.     The  ^  rebell'  is  of  course  Shah  Jahan.     For  the  President's  visit  to  the 
camp  of  the  latter  see  p.  205. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


i«i 


resettle  in    Mulloqes,  Amboyna,   Banda,  those   parts  vend   much 
cloth ;  and  if  you  expect  saltpeeter,  cotten  yerne,  and  cloth  from 
Mussula[patam]  for  England  (as  in  reson  you  ought),  200.000  rials 
is  the  least  that  yearly  in  those  factories  must  be  invested.'     The 
ship  for  Masulipatam  should  arrive  there  in  September  or  October, 
and  stay  till  December  or  January.     If  the  Surat  Presidency  can 
supply  Batavia  as  aforesaid,  the  latter  in  turn  can  respond  with 
commodities  for  India,  '  happely  for  a  greater  vallue.'     It  will  be 
better  to  send  ships  home  from  Batavia  rather  than  straight  from 
Masulipatam.     Each  year  a  vessel  must  be  sent  to  the  latter  place 
from  the  former  in  March  or  April,  departing  again  in  September, 
The  following  goods  are  suitable  both  for  Surat  and  Masulipatam  : 
cloves,   nutmegs,    and    mace ;    sandalwood ;    turtle  shells ;    copper 
(from  Japan ;    great  quantities  vended)  ;    China  roots  and   China 
alum  (the  latter  is  supposed  to  be  much  worse  than  English)  ;  tin 
of  '  Pera  [Perak],  under  the  King  of  Acheine  '  ;.  brimstone  from 
Achin  (supposed   to  be  far  worse  than   English) ;   gold  of  Java, 
Sumatra,  Borneo,  and   Pegu.      These  will  all  yield   two   for  one 
and  many  three  for  one,  or  more.     A  sum  of  300,000  rials  invested 
in  India  would  produce  at  Batavia,  within  six  months  of  arrival,  at 
least  600,000  rials  for  investment  in  pepper  and  the  goods  already 
mentioned.     '  In  gould,  w^hich  is  to  be  gathered  in  every  place  of 
Java,    Sumatra,    Burnew,    and    Pegu,   much    proffit    wilbe   raised 
coming  upon  the  Coast  of   Cormondell,  where  only  gould   doth 
pass  in  payments,  especially  unto  those  weavers  for  commodeties, 
being   easily  hidden   and   concealed   from  their  governours ;    and 
therfore  in  silver  is  great  loss,  the  riall  hardly  yealding  4^-.  6d., 
most  commonly'  less,  for  it  is  only  as  merchandize  to  carry  to  Pegu, 
w^here  in  change  for  gould  it  will  pass  at  7^.,  and  at  that  price 
purchaseth  gould  to  mak  great  proffitt  on  the  Coast  of  Cormondell.' 
July  is  the  fittest  season  to  send  from  Batavia  to  Surat.  .  .  .  Arrival 
from  Surat  on  May  27  of  the   William^  Blessing,  and  Discovery, 
followed  on  June  4  by  the  Palsgrave  and  Dolpfmi.     They  spent 
last  season  in  the  Persian  Gulf  without  encountering  any  enemy. 
Their  coming  hither  was  only  '  for  a  winterring  repose '  and  to 
bring  a  few  goods.     Enclose  copies  of  Kerridge's  letter  and  of  the 
commander's  commission.      The  time  taken  in  reaching  Batavia 
frustrated  the  ships'  first  design  for  Mozambique,  and  obliged  them 


i82  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  aim  at  intercepting  the  next  Portuguese  fleet  between  that  place 
and  Goa.  For  this  purpose  the  Exchange,  under  Captain  Alorton, 
was  added  to  the  fleet  ;  and  all  six  vessels  sailed  together  on 
June  19.  ...  '  The  Dutch  prepare  six  ships  and  a  pinnas  ^  for  Surat, 
ould  Willim  Johnson  comaunder ;  on  Friday  night,  as  we  here, 
they  take  their  leave.'  .  .  .  [Extracts  only.     5^  //.) 

William  Gibson  at  Gombroon  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  September  9,  1627  {Eactory  Records,  Surat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  491). 

Begs  them  to  render  any  assistance  in  their  power  to  the  bearer, 
a  poor  Portuguese  merchant.  The  latter,  having  a  small  vessel  of 
his  own  in  this  port  bound  for  India,  undertook  to  convey  a  letter 
of  Gibsons,  enclosing  one  received  from  the  Ispahan  factors ;  but 
the  night  before  his  departure  two  Portuguese  frigates  came  in  and 
seized  his  vessel,  and  in  the  scuffle  a  desk  containing  the  letters 
was  thrown  overboard.  Has  no  copy  of  the  Ispahan  letter,  but  the 
main  points  were  that  the  goods  received  there  had  been  made 
over  to  the  King,  though  the  latter  was  much  offended  at  no 
money  being  sent  this  year,  and  insists  that  in  future  one-fourth 
part  shall  be  brought  in  cash ;  that  the  Dutch  have  effected 
nothing ;  that  Mr.  Burt  has  been  promised  satisfaction  in  the 
matter  of  the  customs  :  and  that  an  accountant  is  much  needed 
at  Ispahan.  Has  been,  and  still  is.  in  bad  health.  A  young  man, 
named  Charles  Sterne,  who  came  from  Ispahan  to  assist  him,  died 
after  about  a  month's  illness.  [Copy.  ^\pp-  Received  January  14, 
1628.) 

Richard  Bix,  George  Muschamp,  and  Richard  Steel  at 
Batavia  to  the  Company,  October  28,  1627  {O.C.  1258). 

.  .  .  Arrival  of  the  Morris  from  Masulipatam  on  October  14 
under  Thomas  Waller,  with  a  good  cargo.  .  .  .  The  Abigail,  under 
Eustace  Man,  is  at  that  port,  where  she  has  been  new  trimmed, 

1  Groot  JMauritins,  Dordrecht,  Nord  Holland,  Mauritius,  Gtildcne  Zeepaard,  Bommel, 
IVesp,  ajid  pinnace  IVieu-vig/ieid— eight  in  all  (cf.  p.  200).  They  were  under  the  com- 
mand of  Willem  Janszoon,  of  the  Council  of  India  and  ex-Goveraor  of  the  Bandas  [Dagh- 
Hegister,  1624-29,  p.  326). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  183 

and  will  bring  a  cargo  from  thence  and  from  Armagon.  Thomas 
Mills  is  expected  to  come  in  her ;  he  was  to  have  embarked  in  the 
Morris,  but  was  too  ill.  .  .  .  (Extracts  only.     \p.) 

Gregory  Clement  at  '  Cano  '  ^  to  John  Bangham,  &c.,  at 
Agra,  October  29,  1627  [O.C.  1259). 

Has  received  the  money,  but  has  not  yet  counted  it.  Clitherow, 
who  had  it  in  charge,  has  failed  in  this  as  in  all  other  business 
committed  to  him.  After  quitting  the  English  house,  he  left  the 
money  to  the  care  of  two  or  three  peons,  and  ran  himself  to  the 
[Dutch  ?]  house,  where  he  drank  so  much  that  they  were  fain  to 
lend  him  their  coach  to  carry  him  out  of  the  town.  Then  taking 
horse,  he  rode  the  poor  creature  so  hard  that  it  dropped  dead  near 
'  Mondacker ' ?  Clement  has  resolved  that  in  future  he  shall  not  be 
entrusted  with  anything  that  concerns  the  Company's  affairs. 
Requests  that  they  will  get  in  all  money  owing,  as  he  intends  to 
draw  upon  them  for  about  4,000  rupees.  Goodwin,  who  is  to  depart 
presently  with  the  coach,  will  give  them  all  the  news.  CHtherow 
shall  be  sent  back  to  Agra  on  arrival  here.  Commendations  to 
Mr.  Cartwright.  P.S. — The  coach  should  be  returned  as  soon  as 
possible,  with  some  candles  and  rack.     {Damaged.     2  pp.) 

The  Voyage  of  Captain  Hall's  fleet  to  Surat,  by  John 
Pashley,  Master  of  the  Hart  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlviii.  p.  i).^ 

1627,  March  2.  The  Hart  sailed  from  Gravesend.  March  5. 
The  fleet  anchored  in  the  Downs,  except  the  Star,  which  came  in 
next  day.  March  16.  The  Persian  ambassador  [Naqd  All  Beg] 
embarked  in  the  Hart.  March  22.  Sailed  ;  and  anchored  in  Dover 
Road.  March  23.  The  fleet  set  sail  again.  March  26.  Lost  sight 
of  the  Lizard.  April  4.  Porto  Santo  seen.  April  7.  Passed 
through  the  Canary  Islands.  May  i.  Crossed  the  Line.  May  25. 
Sighted  a  carrack,  with  another  vessel  in  company.  May  26. 
Chased  them,  but  they  escaped  at  night.     June  13.   Lost  sight 

^  This  abbreviation  is  an  enigma,  but  the  place  it  represents  cannot  have  been  far  from 
Agra,  as  the  letter  is  endorsed  as  received  the  same  day.  Apparently  Clement  had  gone  to 
the  indigo-producing  district  round  Biana. 

^  Probably  Midhakur,  a  village  ten  miles  from  Agra,  on  the  road  to  Fatehpur  Sikrl. 

^  See  also  Herbert's  account  of  the  voyage.     He  was  on  board  the  Star. 


i84  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

of  the  rest  of  the  fleet  in  a  storm.  June  15.  Overtook  the  Star. 
June  16.  The  Refuge  joined  them.  July  7.  Saw  the  African  coast. 
The  Mary  and  Hopeiuell  joined  them.  Anchored  at  Coney  [Dassen] 
Island,  and  got  some  refreshment.  Jidy  10.  Sailed  again,  and  at 
night  got  into  Table  Bay,  where  they  found  General  Coen  with  five 
Dutch  ships  bound  for  Batavia.  July  11.  Pitched  a  tent  ashore 
and  landed  the  sick  men.  July  12.  General  Coen's  ship  sailed, 
together  with  two  others ;  '  in  one  of  them  was  the  Percyan 
imbasador  which  went  for  Holland  \see  p.  88],  and  in  the  other 
shipp  was  the  Percyan  merchant.'  July  19.  Six  men  transferred 
from  the  Hart  to  the  Hopewell  and  four  to  the  Scout.  July  20. 
The  fleet  sailed.  Jtdy  24.  Saw  Cape  Agulhas.  August  i.  At 
daybreak  the  Hopezvell,  Refuge,  and  Scout  were  out  of  sight.  The 
other  three  stood  on  their  course.  August  23.  Saw  two  islands. 
August  26.  Found  themselves  close  to  the  coast  of  Mozambique. 
Passed  the  '  Angozas '  [Angoches].  September  7.  After  experiencing 
much  trouble  from  shoals  and  currents,  they  sighted  Mayotta,  one 
of  the  Comoros  Islands.  September  9.  Spoke  two  Dutch  ships 
bound  for  the  Coromandel  Coast.  September  11.  The  Mary  and 
the  Hart  anchored  at  Mohilla,  where  they  found  the  Hopewell  and 
the  Refuge.  September  13.  The  King  delivered  to  Captain  Hall 
a  letter  left  with  him  by  the  Palsgrave's  fleet,  which  had  departed 
August  28.  September  \^.  The  Star  came  in  sight.  September  16. 
The  fleet  sailed.  September  24.  Crossed  the  Line.  October  3. 
Bartholomew  Goodall,  captain  of  the  Hart,  died  of  a  fever,  after  an 
illness  of  three  or  four  days.  October  11.  In  accordance  with  the 
Company's  orders,  Andrew  Evans  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the 
Hart.  Thereupon  Richard  Malim  ^  was  elected  master  of  the  Star., 
and  John  Pashley  of  the  Hopewell.  October  13.  These  changes  were 
duly  made.  November  21.  The  admiral's  boats  attacked  a  Portu- 
guese frigate,  but  were  beaten  off  with  a  loss  of  one  man  killed  and 
13  or  14  '  wounded  and  skalded  with  pouder  pots  they  hove 
into  their  boates '.  November  22.  The  boats  of  the  fleet  chased  the 
frigate.  Some  of  them  came  up  with  her,  but  could  not  take  her, 
and  so  returned  next  day  with  '  many  dangerously  wounded  and 
one  or  two  slaine '.     November  25.  Saw  the  Indian  coast.     Novem- 

'  '  He  also  died  shortly  after,  a  seaman  as  w  ise  and  valiant  as  any  other '  (Herbert, 
p.  30).     Apparently  his  death  took  place  at  Surat  (see  p.  216). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  185 

her  [30I.   Went  into  Swally  Hole,  where  they  found  six  English 
and  six  Dutch  ships,  with  a  pinnace.     (44//.) 

Edward  Austin's  ^  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  {Marine 
Records,  vol.  xlvii.  p.  i). 

1627,  March  2.  Left  Gravesend.  March  22.  Sailed  from  the 
Downs.  March  26.  Lost  sight  of  the  Lizard.  Ap'il  4.  Saw  Porto 
Santo.  April  6.  Made  Teneriffe.  Jlfay  25.  Saw  two  sails.  The 
admiral  gave  chase  with  his  boats  and  made  them  out  to  be 
a  carrack  and  her  pinnace.  May  26.  Sighted  them  again,  but  lost 
them  at  night,  yuue  13.  The  Hart  lost  company  with  the  rest  in 
a  storm,  yu/y  7.  Anchored  at  Coney  Island.  Sent  a  boat  ashore, 
which  returned  with  some  conies  and  geese,  y^/y  10.  Anchored 
in  Table  Bay,  finding  there  five  Dutch  ships  with  '  Generall  Coomes  ' 
[Coen]  and  his  wife.  !j^u/y  12.  Three  of  the  Dutch  ships  departed 
for  Batavia.  July  20.  Sailed.  August  i.  The  Hopezuell,  Refuge, 
and  Scout  [lost  company].  Augiist  23.  Sighted  the  '  Primeraes ' 
[the  Primeiras].  August  26.  Passed  four  small  islands  called  the 
■Angasees'.  September  \o.  Anchored  at  Mohilla.  September  16. 
The  whole  fleet  sailed,  with  the  exception  of  the  Sco7it,  still  missing. 
November  22.  Two  boats  chased  a  frigate  but  lost  her.  Noveinber^^. 
Reached  the  Indian  coast.  November  30.  Went  into  Swally  Hole. 
Found  there  the  Palsgrave,  Dolplwi,  William,  Blessing,  Discovery, 
and  Exchange,  besides  seven  Dutch  ships.     {3,2  pp.) 

An  Account  by  Abraham  Sayers  of  the  Same  Voyage 
IN  THE  Hopewell  [Ibid.,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  i). 

1627,  February  24.  Sailed  from  Gravesend.  March  22.  Quitted 
the  Downs.  March  26.  Lost  sight  of  the  Lizard.  April  4.  Saw 
Porto  Santo.  July  7.  Saw  the  land  to  the  north  of  Coney  Island. 
July  10.  Anchored  in  Table  Bay.  Jrdy  20.  Sailed  again.  August  23. 
The  Hopewell,  Scout,  and  Refuge,  having  lost  the  rest  of  the  fleet, 
anchored  at  the  Primrose  Islands.  August  25.  Sailed  for  the 
rendezvous  at  Mohilla.  September  9.  The  Hopewell  and  the  Refuge 
fthe  Scouthdiv'mg  parted  company)  reached  Mohilla.  September  10. 
The  Mary  and  the  Hart  came  in,  while  the  Star  rode  on  the  west 
side  of  the  island.     September  16.  The  fleet  sailed.     November  21. 

^  Master's  mate  in  the  Hart. 


i86  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

The  admirals  boat  attacked  a  frigate,  but  was  beaten  off  with  the 
loss  of  one  man  killed  and  several  wounded.  November  22.  The 
ships'  boats  chased  the  frigate  but  she  got  away.  November  25. 
Made  the  Indian  coast  near  '  Zant  John  '.  \_Sketch.\  November  30. 
Reached  Swally  Road.     (325//'.) 

Another  Account,  by  Peter  Andrews  ^  {Marine  Records, 
vol.  xlix.  p.  i). 

1627,  July  20.  The  fleet  sailed  from  Table  Bay.  July  31.  The 
Hopewell,  Refuge,  and  Scout  lost  company.  August  23.  Saw  the 
'  Primeroes'.  August  26.  Were  close  to  'the  Angosses'.  September  9. 
Spoke  two  Dutch  ships  bound  for  the  Coast  of  Coromandel. 
Scpteinber  11.  Anchored  at  Mohilla,  and  found  there  the  Hopewell 
and  Refuge.  September  16.  Sailed.  November  21.  The  Marys 
boats  attacked  a  frigate,  but  were  repulsed  with  one  man  killed  and 
three  hurt.  November  22.  Another  unsuccessful  attack  was  made, 
resulting  in  the  death  of  one  man  and  injuries  to  many  others. 
November  25.  Saw  the  coast  of  India.  Took  a  fishing  boat  belonging 
to  '  Tanay  '  [Thana  ?].  November  i*^.  Off  Daman.  November  -n^. 
Anchored  near  Swally.  Captain  Brown  (of  the  William),  Captain 
Morton  (of  the  Exchange),  and  Mr.  Wills  (master  of  the  Z>^^/^w) 
came  on  board.  '  The  newes  they  towld  us  was  that  they  were  at 
Bombaye  and  that  they  had  taken  it  .  .  .  that  this  daye  the 
Pallsgrave  was  afyer,  having  much  adoe  to  quenche  it ;  yett  (God 
bee  praised)  shee  had  but  little  hurt  done.'  November  30.  Anchored 
in  the  Road,  where  they  found  six  English  ships,  seven  Dutch  with 
a  little  pinnace,  and  the  Primrose  '  of  the  Percians  '.  December  27 
\sic\  The  William,  Exchange,  Hart,  and  Star  sailed  for  Persia. 
(18//.) 

Francis  Stockton,  Purser  of  the  Royal  Exchange,  kt 
Swally  to  the  Company,  December  17, 1627  {O.C.  1262). 

Was  appointed  purser  on  September  19,  in  place  of  Richard 
King,  who  died  the  previous  day.  Transmits  by  the  Discovery 
a  number  of  accounts  and  copies  of  wills.  Their  provisions  have 
proved  very  bad  ;  at  least  a  third  of  the  biscuit  thrown  overboard. 
The   fleet   from    England,  consisting    of   the   Mary,   Hart,    Star, 

^  He  went  out  as  a  master's  mate  in  the  Mary.     His  journal  commences  at  the  Cape. 


! 


I 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  187 

Hopeii'dl,  and  Refuge,  arrived  on  November  30,  having  lost  the  Spy 
\sic.  The  Scout  is  meant.]  on  the  way.  The  Exchange^  William, 
Hart,  and  Star  sail  to-day  for  Persia,  leaving  at  Swally  the 
Palsgrave,  Mary,  Blessing,  Dolphin,  Discovery,  Hopeivell,  and 
Refuge,     (i  /.) 

John  Hunter,  Purser  of  the  William,  at  Swally  to  the 
Company,  December  18,  1627  {O.C.  1263). 

Sends  his  accounts  of  the  estates  of  men  deceased,  with  their  wills 
in  original.  The  provisions  have  in  general  been  very  good,  except 
the  biscuit  provided  by  Mr.  Clifton.     {\p-) 

David  Davis's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Hart  from 
Surat  to  Gombroon  and  back  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xliv.  p.  63). 

1 627,  December  1 8.  The  fleet,  consisting  of  the  Exchange,  William, 
iTrtr/,  and  .S/rtr,  set  sail.  \6i'i,Jamiary '>^.  Sawjask.  Jamiary6. 
Reached  Gombroon.  February  7.  Sailed  again.  February  24. 
Arrived  at  Swally,  where  lay  the  Mary,  Hopeivell,  and  Refuge. 
(5  PP-) 

Another  Account,  by  Edward  Austin  {Ibid.,  vol.  xlvii. 

1627,  December  18.  Sailed.  December  29.  Saw  the  Dutch  fleet 
of  eight  ships.  Sighted  the  Persian  coast.  1628,  Jamiary  5. 
Anchored  off  Ormus.  January  6.  Reached  Gombroon.  January  j. 
Ten  Portuguese  frigates  passed.  February  ^.  Went  over  to  Ormus. 
February  7.  Sailed  for  Surat.  February  24.  Reached  Swally. 
February  25.  Went  into  the  Hole.     {^\  pp.) 

Andrew  Warden's  Account  of  the  Same  Voyage  in  the 
William  {Ibid.,  vol.  xlv.  p.  54). 

1627,  December  17.  The  William  and  the  Exchange  came  out  of 
the  Hole.  The  Lord  Ambassador^  embarked  in  the  former  with 
his  followers.  The  Hart  and  Star  also  came  out.  December  18. 
The  fleet  sailed.     December  29.   Overtook  six  Dutch  ships  that  had 

'  Sir  Dodmore  Cotton,  with  Herbert  in  his  suite.  The  latter  says  that  the  passengers 
in  the  fleet  included  '  above  three  hundred  slaves  whom  the  Persians  bought  in  India, 
Persees,  Jentews  (Gentiles),  Bannaras  [?  Banjaras,  explained  on  p.  270],  and  others' 
(Travels,  ed.  163S,  p.  no). 


i88  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

left  Surat  ten  days  before  the  English.  1628,  Januayy  ^.  Anchored 
under  Ormus.  January  6.  Moved  over  to  Gombroon,  watched  by 
26  Portuguese  frigates  from  Larak.  February  4.  Sailed  to  Ormus. 
February  5.  The  commander  and  the  merchants  visited  the  Sultan 
there  to  settle  for  the  customs.  February  7.  The  fleet  sailed. 
Febmary  24.  Arrived  at  Swally,  having  seen  nothing  of  the  Dutch 
since  the  day  they  all  sailed.     (8^//.) 

Another  Account  by  John  Pashley,  Master  of  the 
Star  {Marifie  Records,  vol.  xlviii.  p.  45). 

1627,  December  18.  The  fleet  sailed.  December  29.  Sighted  the 
coast  of  Persia.  In  the  afternoon  overtook  six  Dutch  ships.  1628, 
January  6.  Anchored  in  Gombroon  Road.  January  7.  Ten 
Portuguese  frigates  came  almost  within  shot  and  then  stood  ofl" 
to  sea  again.  January  9.  The  Dutch  fleet  arrived.  February  4. 
Sailed  from  Gombroon  and  anchored  off  Ormus.  February  5. 
The  Agent  went  on  shore,  and  '  all  this  day  our  long  boates  feched 
red  earth  ^  from  thence  for  our  Honorable  Company '.  February  7. 
The  Agent  and  merchants  went  to  Gombroon  in  a  country  boat, 
and  the  fleet  sailed.  February  22.  Sighted  the  Indian  coast. 
February  25.  Got  into  Swally  Hole.  February  27,  The  Dutch 
fleet  arrived.     (7I  pp.) 

Nathaniel  Mountney  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  President 
AND  Council  at  Surat,  December  28,  1627  {Factory  Records, 
Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  488). 

His  former  letters  of  December  14  and  20  respectively  mentioned 
the  approach  and  arrival  of  Prince  Khurram  [Shah  Jahan]  ;  now 
writes  to  announce  the  Prince's  departure,  which  took  place  six  days 
ago.  '  The  King  [Shah  Jahan]  went  hence  on  Sunday  last,  leaving 
att  his  departure  Naer  Caun  [Nahir  Khan]  for  Governour,  whome 
hee  hath  made  also  Saheb  Subah  -  of  this  province,  and  one  Meirza 

*  On  a  later  page  this  is  termed  '  geru ',  probably  from  '  Jaru  '  or  '  Jarun ',  the  ancient 
name  of  the  island.  Van  den  Broeck  {Voyagie,  p.  109)  mentions  that  in  1629  the  Dutch 
ships  fetched  red  earth  from  Ormns.  In  the  Hakluyt  Society's  edition  of  Teixeira,  it  is 
noted  that  for  buildings  on  the  island  a  cement  was  used  '  of  white  gypsum,  abundant  on 
the  mainland  .  .  .  and  of  a  local  sort,  red,  and  not  so  good '.  It  is  possible  that  on  the 
present  occasion,  in  addition  to  its  utility  as  ballast,  the  red  earth  was  intended  for  sale 
in  India  as  a  medicine. 

^  Sahib-subah,  i.  c.  a  siibadar,  or  governor  of  a  province. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  189 

Muckie  [Mirza  Makkl],  a  munsubdare  [iiiansabddr\  for  his  Dewon 
\Dizvdi{\  ;  both  which  exacted  great  somes  of  money  from  this 
cittie,  wheather  by  the  Princes  order  or  noe  is  not  knowne,  Itt 
caused  here  a  generall  forsakeing  both  of  house  and  cittie,  the  rich 
as  not  being  willing  to  paie,  and  [the]  poore  not  able,  what  they 
weare  taxed  att.  Att  present,  notwithstanding,  Amadavad  re- 
maines  in  his  first  estate,  caused  by  a  perwanna  from  the  King 
which  forbadd  the  exacting  of  anie  more  somes,  especiallie  from  the 
poorer  sort,  procured  (as  it  is  thought)  by  the  intercession  of  the 
two  sisters,  vizt.  the  Queene  and  Sciefif  Cauns  wife  ^  ;  yet  will  not 
the  greater  sort  issue  forth,  fearing  a  relapse  and  that  this  is  done 
the  more  easilie  att  their  returne  to  intrapp  them.  The  Hollanders 
arrived  here  8  dales  agone,  but  by  reason  of  these  troubles  have 
effected  nothing.  Emanuel  1  de  Piva  is  gone  for  Cambaia  with 
another  Frenchman  in  companie  that  came  from  Agra,  and  are 
both  bound  for  Goa  att  their  caphilas  dispeed.  Santidas  [Santidas], 
the  deceased  Kings  jeweller,  is  arrived,  but  fearing  to  bee  knowne 
hath  privatelie  retired  himselfe.'  Sends  a  letter  received  yesterday 
from  the  factors  at  Agra.  Wrote  thither  by  the  pattamar  that 
came  from  Surat  on  the  21st.  Forwards  copies  of  his  two  previous 
letters,  which  he  fears  they  have  not  received.  {Copy.  i\  pp. 
Received  January  2.) 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  Ralph  Cartwright, 
AND  John  Goodwin  at  Agra  to  the  President  and  Council 
AT  Surat,  December  31,  1627  {Ibid.,  p.  495). 

Wrote  last  on  November  28.  Nothing  of  importance  has  hap- 
pened since,  '  all  marchandizing  being  att  a  stand,  and  who  shall 
raigne  not  yet  knowne ;  the  most  likeliest  thought  Choroom. 
Here  are  daylie  divers  reports  and  rumours  spread  abroad  from 
Lahore,'  but  nothing  certain.  The  letters  from  Surat  of  November 
7  arrived  on  the  4th  current.  The  Dutch  are  buying  indigo  '  with- 
out feare  or  witt ',  giving  '^^  rupees  for  old  and  ^'^^  for  new,  which 
is  3  or  4  higher  than  necessary  ;  they  paid  17,000  rupees  before- 
hand, and  have  now  got  together  some  700  fardles.  Rejoice  at  the 
losses  of  the  Portuguese,  and  hope  that  those  who  escaped  '  may  be 

^  Prince  Khurram  and  Saif  Khan  both  married  daughters  of  Asaf  Khan. 


iQO  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

served  in  the  like  manner  or  worse '.  '  What  you  advise  concerning 
Mauhobett  Cauns  joyning  with  the  Prince  Charoome  and  that  their 
likeliest  course  wilbee  for  Bengala,  it  seemes  that  the  newes  of  the 
Kings  deceasure  altred  their  designe,  by  what  is  reported  here  att 
present,  which  is  that  they  are  coming  hither  by  the  way  of 
Guzeratt.'  Note  the  orders  that  they  are  to  remain  at  Agra  until 
the  Company's  wishes  are  known,  but  are  to  invest  all  their  cash 
and  be  prepared  to  leave  at  short  notice  from  Surat.  In  any  case 
they  would  not  have  started  without  companions,  and  no  oppor- 
tunity has  occurred  of  joining  a  caravan.  They  are  ready  to  leave, 
with  their  goods,  which  make  214  bales,  but  they  will  probably  be 
obliged  to  draw  upon  Surat  for  1,500  or  2,000  rupees,  as  they  have 
no  money  in  cash.  As  no  orders  have  come,  and  the  time  is  short, 
they  propose  to  send  on  the  goods  under  some  of  the  factors  in 
company  with  the  Dutch,  the  other  merchants  remaining  behind. 
The  Dutch  will  be  ready  to  start  in  about  six  days.  This  letter 
goes  under  cover  to  '  Gurdas ',  by  the  conveyance  of '  Virga  Voras 
vacquell '  [see  p.  30],  who  also  undertook  to  send  their  previous 
letter  of  October  7.     (Copy.     1  pp.     Received  J amiary  ^^.) 

Captain  John  Hall  and  Richard  Predys,  aboard  the 

iJ/^^yATSWALLY,TO  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  COUNCIL  AT  SURAT, 
January  i,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  487)- 

Have  done  their  best  to  make  a  start,  but  the  winds  and  tides 
have  hindered  them.     Now  await  further  orders.     {Copy.    \ p) 

Jeremy  Shuker  at  Broach  to  the  Same,  January  i, 
1628  {Ibid.,  p.  487)- 

'  The  Governour  of  this  towne,  Aucobb  Caun  [Yaqub  Khan], 
hath  sent  for  all  our  lead,  and  his  people  hath  carried  it  to  his 
house ;  who,  as  I  understand,  will  keepe  it  untill  such  tyme  as  hee 
shall  see  whither  hee  shall  have  occasion  to  use  itt  or  noe  ;  if  not, 
hee  intends  to  returne  it  back  againe.  When  they  fetcht  it  away, 
they  promised  current  payment  for  it  as  the  Caussees  [Qazl's] 
chopp  \see  p.  32]  was  ;  which  [i.  e.  the  lead]  is  now  upwards  of 
10  m[ahmudls]  per  maen  ;  but  their  is  noe  trust  of  his  word,  only 
delasses  \see  p.  32].  Also  his  sonne  in  law,  Monseir  Caun 
[Mansur  Khan],  hath  sent  for   Pangue,   our  broker,  as  also  the 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  191 

Dutches,  and  hath  three  severall  tymes  imprisoned  them,  with 
threats  that  if  they  doe  not  bring  him  20  coveds  broad  cloth, 
loapeece,  by  such  a  day,  hee  will  whippthem  ;  by  [sic]  which  words 
they  have  given  him  their  chittees  [Hind,  chitthl,  a  note]  to  bring  itt 
att  10  dales  tyme  att  furthest ;  the  Dutch  broker  having  given  him 
parte  of  his  alreadie,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Willibrant.^  Moreover, 
to  our  brokers  hee  threatts  both  the  English  and  Dutch,  that  if 
they  come  not  [to]  visitt  him  hereafter,  as  they  have  done  the 
Governour  and  Sheck  [Shaik],  hee  will  hinder  both  our  bussines. 
All  this  towne  (as  Pangue  telleth  me)  stands  in  feare  of  him,  the 
Governour  nor  Sheck  disallowing  of  what  hee  will  have  done. 
Yesterday  morning  here  came  a  firmaun  from  Sultan  Choroom, 
or  Naer  Caun  in  his  name,  to  this  Governour,  the  effect  whereof  is 
(as  is  reported)  to  know  the  reason  why  Aucobb  Caun  made  such 
provisions  here  against  the  Prince  his  coming,  certifying  him  that 
he  had  noe  such  intent  to  trouble  any  parte  of  Chaun  Jehauns 
jaggeers.  This  firmaun  was  carried  about  the  towne  for  joy  with 
his  drums  and  trumpetts.  Mr.  Willibrant  received  yesternight 
letters  from  Amadavad,  in  which  Mr.  Adam  -  wrote  him  that 
Sultan  Choroom  caused  the  gates  of  Amadavad  to  bee  lockt  two 
dales,  whereby  the  banians  etc.  should  not  runn  away  before  they 
had  given  him  20  leeks  of  rup[ees],  of  which  some  Naer  Chaun  had 
gott  most  parte  for  him  ;  also  Chaun  Jehan  wrote  him  that  hee 
would  deliver  upp  unto  him  Brampore  etc.  jaggeers  hee  had  belong- 
ing unto  him.  as  alsoe  himselfe  att  his  command.  Hee  is  departed 
Amadavad  and  gone  towards  Lahore  with  all  speed  hee  cann.' 
{Copy.     I  /.     Received  January  2.) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  John  Skibbow, 
Joseph  Hopkinson,  William  Martin,  and  George  Page  at 

SURAT  TO  THE  COMPANY,  JANUARY  4,  1628  [O.C.   Xl^^)? 

Their  reasons  for  not  sending  home  a  ship  after  the  return  of  the 
Persia  fleet  were  explained  in  theirletter  of  March  17,  1627  \inissing\ 

^  Van  den  Broeck  mentions  the  appointment  (April  1625),  of  '  Wollebrant  Gelijnsz.' 
to  be  chief  at  Broach  (  Voyagie,  p.  105). 

2  Probably  Adam  Verhoeve,  who  signs  a  letter  at  Sural  in  May  162S  {Hagite  Tran- 
scripts, series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  278). 

^  There  is  an  extract  from  this  letter  at  the  Public  Record  Office  {East  Indies,  vol.  iv. 
no.  27). 


192  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

dispatched  overland  by  way  of  INIokha  ;  if  unreceived,  the  transcripts 
and  registers  forwarded  herewith  will  give  all  necessary  informa- 
tion. Now  answer  the  Company's  letters  of  September  30,  1624, 
and  March  16-19,  1625  (all  received  by  the  Palsgrave  in  October, 
1626),  of  March  4,  1626  (by  the  Christopher),  and  of  April  7,  1626 
(by  the  William).  Will  endeavour  to  guard  against  damage  to 
goods  by  careless  stowing,  &c. ;  also  against  the  repetition  of  the 
disaster  to  the  Whale.  '  Our  faire  correspondence  with  this  country 
people  is  continued  by  all  the  meanes  we  can ;  and  our  living 
amongst  them  is  with  greater  peace  and  amity  then  ever  itt  was 
before  the  breach  ;  wherin  although  the  Dutches  underhand  dealing 
gave  them  advantage  to  scandalize  our  intents  and  exasperated  also 
their  severity  in  the  punishment,  yett  we  doe  find  their  afifeccion  in 
generall  more  inclined  to  us  then  to  them.  Albeit  our  bussines 
this  yeare  hath  beene  extraordinarily  protracted  and  delayed 
through  the  intrusion  of  Sualy  Governor,  who  for  his  masters 
private  gaine  would  inforce  a  newe  custome,  both  on  the  Dutches 
goods  and  ours,  or  divert  the  old  from  Surratt ;  wherto  our  Governor, 
being  alsoe  Customer  for  the  King,  not  yeilding,  and  yett  (in 
respect  of  the  others  master)  not  executing  his  office  with  absolute 
authority,  hath  caused  us  much  trouble  and  detained  our  goods 
40  dayes  in  the  feildes.'  Their  former  letters  will  show  how  little 
has  been  effected  '  concerning  the  amity  injoyned  by  Your  Worships 
for  commerce  with  the  Dabulliers  of  Decan '.  A  sum  of  45,504 
mahmudls  still  remains  unsatisfied  by  '  the  Decannees  of  Nisam 
Shaw  his  country,  for  the  caphila  robd  by  his  army  V  and  this  must 
be  remembered  when  opportunity  offers  for  its  recovery.  Last 
year,  at  the  entreaty  of  the  merchants  of  Surat,  they  gave  passes  to 
two  ships  of  *  Danda  Raspore '  for  the  Red  Sea,  in  order  to  free 
a  Surat  junk  which,  having  been  forced  into  that  port  by  bad 
weather,  was  detained  until  the  Dutch  and  English  gave  passes  for 
those  vessels.  ^Our  claime  of  restitucion  from  them  would  in  our 
opinion  be  no  great  impediment  to  our  settling  in  DabuU,  the  sayd 
ports,  though  not  30  leagues  distant  from  either,  belonging  to 
severall  kings,  if  the  late  death  of  Edell  Shaw,  King  of  Dabull,' 

'  See  the  1618-21  volume,  p.  xxx,  &c. 

'  Dabhol  was  the  principal  port  of  the  Bijapur  kingdom.     The  monarch  here  referred 
to  was  Ibrahim  Adil  Shah  II,  who  died  in  1626  (the  same  year  as  Malik  Ambar),  and 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  193 

and  the  minority  of  an  infant  king  now  reigning,  did  not  induce  our 
feare  itt  would  become  a  prey  unto  Nisam  Shaw,  his  potent  neigh- 
bour, whose  late  deceased  generall,  Melick  Amber,  was  master 
thereof  two  yeares  since  by  surprizall  and  restored  itt  againe  by 
composition.  But  these  three  yeares  feare  of  our  ranging  enemy 
the  Portugall  hath  extenuated  or  left  unconsidered  all  other  diffi- 
culties ;  though  our  want  of  meanes  to  prosecute  trade  by  a  settled 
residence  is  of  moment  sufficient  alone  to  divert  the  attempt  untill 
by  monies  and  commodities  fitting  you  shall  better  enable  us.  The 
estate  of  your  bussines  in  Mocho  hath  also  beene  dilated  in  our 
former  letters.  The  few  commodities  sent  thither  for  releife  of 
your  people  by  a  junk  of  this  place  were  received  by  your  factors 
there  resident,  who  are  still  detained,  and  give  incouragment  for 
prosecution  of  that  trade,  though  rebellion  of  the  Arabs  in  general 
hath  revoulted  most  part  of  those  territories  from  the  Turks  govern- 
ment ;  only  three  townes  besides  Sinan  [Sana]  and  Mocho  remaine 
for  the  Turk,  but  conceived  itt  is  that  by  the  coming  of  a  new 
Basshaw  and  other  forces  the  Arabs  will  againe  be  reduced,  them- 
selves pretending  that  this  revoult  is  not  from  the  Grand  Signor  his 
obedience  but  for  their  owne  safteis  from  the  tiranny  and  injustice 
of  the  present  Basshaw.  Coppie  of  the  letter  writt  unto  us  from 
thence,  bearing  date  the  22th  July,  with  a  postscript  of  the  15th 
August  [iiot  extant],  received  here  the  13th  September,  we  send 
herwith  for  your  farther  intelligence  of  the  premises  ;  wherby  you 
will  also  perceive  that  Thomas  Beale,  one  of  the  four  there  left, 
tooke  passage  on  Court  Mahmuds  junk  for  Decan  ;  which  Court 
Mahmud,  touching  att  Aden,  was  there  slaine  by  the  Arabs,  and  his 
vessell,  proceeding  for  India,  was  neare  the  coast  assaulted  by  foure 
Portugall  frigatts,  with  whom  after  a  hard  conflict  she  freed  herselfe 
and  recovered  a  small  port  neare  to  that  she  was  bound  unto ;  but 
what  is  become  of  Beale,  whether  living  or  dead,  we  are  yett 
unascertained.'  The  '  Decannees '  will  probably  detain  him,  if 
alive,  to  force  the  grant  of  a  fresh  pass.  Have  communicated  with 
them  regarding  payment  of  the  money  due,  which  ought  to  be 
cleared  before  any  reconciliation  is  agreed  to.     '  We  fully  apprehend 

was  succeeded  by  Mahmud  Adil  Shah,  then  in  his  sixteenth  year.  I  have  not  found  any 
corroboration  of  the  statement  here  made,  that  Dabhol  was  captured  in  that  year  by  the 
Nizam  Shahi  (Ahmadnagar)  forces. 

l-OSTER  in  O 


194  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

the  liberty  you  have  given  concerning  suppressing  of  the  Portugall,* 
whose  insolent  and  inhumane   butchery   committed  since  on  the 
lives  of  your  people  doth  farther  exasperate  ;  yett  how  unable  we 
have  beene  of  late  yeares  to  indammage  them  several]  former  letters 
doth  certefy  you ;  wherin,  though  our  desires  also  have  seconded 
your  order,  the  successe  hath  not  answered  our  expectacion.'     Re-     | 
gret  the  deficiencies  found  in  the  ladings  of  various  ships.     The 
only  two  of  the  factors  responsible  left  in  the  country  are  Hopkin- 
son,  now  chief  at  Ahmadabad,  and  Martin,  chief  at  Broach.     These 
are  at  present  at  Surat  and  disclaim  responsibility  for  the  errors ;     j 
and  so  the  Council  know  not  where  to  lay  the  blame.     They  have,     , 
however,  issued  general  instructions  to  prevent  the  like  hereafter. 
As  for  the  indigo  missing,  the  factors  returned  should  be  called  to 
account.     Explain  the  precautions  taken  to  prevent  loss  or  pilfering     ; 
on  shore,  and  express  a  belief  that  some  at  least  of  the  missing    j 
goods  were  stolen  while  in  the  ships.     Suggest  that  the  officers  of    i 
the  latter  should  be  required  to  make  good  anything  thus  embezzled,    j 
The  recovery  of  the  fourteen  churls  of  indigo  taken  from  a  caravan 
several  years  ago   [see  the   i6i8-ai  volume^  p.  xv,  &c.]  is   quite 
hopeless,  for  no  attention  is  paid  to  any  farman  for  its  restitution,    ; 
'  they   being   rebells   and   shifting   theeves,   that  obey  the   Kings 
ordinances  noe  longer  then  his  forces  are  neare  to  compell  them.'    | 
That  the  Company's  orders  for  the  timely  provision  of  cargoes  are 
not  neglected  is  shown  by  the  large  sums  owing  at  the  dispeed    j 
of  the  James  and  Jo7ias,  '  and  will  againe  be  farther  demonstrated    j 
by  our  present  ingagements,  itt  exceding  this  yeare  above  36,000/.    i 
sterling.  .  .  .  But  for  the  returne  of  your  shippshome  the  same  yeare    ; 
of  their  arrival!,  itt   is  impossible,   as  well  for  that  the  callicoes    1 

I 

1  The  following  extract  from  the  Court  minntes  of  February  28,  1627,  is  apposite  in 
this  connexion :  '  Mr.  EUam  desired  to  know  the  resolucion  of  the  Court  how  the  , 
persons  of  the  Portugalls  should  be  dealt  withall,  if  it  should  please  God  they  should  \ 
falle  into  the  hands  of  the  English.  Some  were  of  opinion  to  deale  with  them  as  Ruy  \ 
Friero  did  with  the  English ;  some  to  put  the  cheife  officers  to  death ;  but  the  gennerall  I 
resolucion  was  to  shew  themselves  Englishmen  and  to  be  mercifuU  to  all  but  Ruy  Friero,  j 
and  to  shew  the  like  cmeltie  to  him  as  he  did  to  the  English ;  unlesse  any  new  cruelties  j 
have  since  that  bin  pursued,  and  then  the  buisnes  is  left  to  the  Commanders  if  they  shall  ' 
surprise  any  Portugalls  in  heate  of  bloud  to  doe  what  they  thinke  good,  either  by  putting  ] 
them  to  death,  ransoming  them  (if  persons  of  qualitie),  or  bringing  them  home  prisoners;  '\ 
and  for  the  meaner  sort  to  keepe  them  in  irons  or  make  them  to  worke,  or  change  one 
man  for  another  if  they  have  any  of  ours.' 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  195 

by  you  required  are  procured  with  tedious  labour  as  for  that  your 
number  of  shipping  are  many  more  then  we  have  yett  meanes 
to  lade  home.  We  observe  your  desire  for  the  farming  of  your 
customes  here,  which,  in  regard  theise  princes  doe  generally  affect 
novelties,^  will  not  be  granted  ;  nor  is  itt  in  our  opinions  very  con- 
venient for  you,  seing  a  round  summe  would  be  imposed  for  the 
customes  of  private  trade,  never  to  be  recovered  from  them  ;  but  if 
provicion  also  for  this  might  be  procured,  the  Kings  servants  that 
are  officers  here  and  the  merchants  in  generall  will  prevent  any  such 
conclusion ;  the  former  grant  having  proceeded  from  constraint, 
without  any  intent  or  meaning  on  their  parts  to  accomplish  itt.' 
Soon  after  the  dispatch  of  their  letter  of  March  17  last,  Wylde, 
Hopkinson,  and  others  took  some  goods  to  Cambay  for  sale, 
at  the  invitation  of  Mir  Musa,  the  Governor  of  that  city,  who  had 
just  returned  from  court.  He  bought  a  quantity  of  satin,  tapestry, 
kerseys,  &c.,  and  was  desirous  of  having  the  principal  jewels,  but 
they  were  so  extraordinarily  overrated  that  no  agreement  could  be 
reached.  Wylde  thereupon  carried  them  to  Ahmadabad  in  the 
hope  of  selling  them  there ;  but  finding  that  no  one  would  take 
them,  he  returned  to  Cambay  and  sold  them  to  the  Governor 
for  ii,coo  rupees,  which  is  less  than  the  cost  price.  No  endeavour 
has  been  omitted  to  sell  the  great  ruby  belonging  to  Sir  Thomas 
Roe  and  Mr.  Leate.  It  has  now  been  purchased  by  a  rich  jeweller 
of  Ahmadabad,  who  had  been  called  to  court  to  answer  some 
complaints,  and  who  after  much  negotiation  consented  to  give  for  it 
15,900  rupees,  '  without  other  abatement  then  a  toy  of  Mr.  Leates, 
rated  att  3/.  (broken  and  worth  little),  given  a  child  of  his,  one  vest 
of  sattin  to  his.  broker,  and  another  to  yours  that  negotiated  the 
bussines.'  He  also  bought  three  other  rubies  for  5)200  rupees. 
Little  hope  of  the  sale  of  the  remaining  jewels,  as  no  one  will  give 
anything  like  the  price  asked,  '  all  Jewells  being  declined  from  their 
wonted  estimacion,  except  extraordinary  rich  orient  round  pearles, 
paragon   rubies,  and  beautifuU  great  ballasts  -  ;    but  of  ordinary 

'  The  meaning  is  that  the  authorities  wonld  insist  on  maintaining  the  present  system, 
because  under  it  no  curiosity  likely  to  give  pleasure  at  court  could  escape  their  notice. 
For  an  instance  of  severe  punishment  following  an  omission  to  report  the  arrival  of  an 
acceptable  picture  see  the  1618-21  volume,  p.  in. 

^  Balass  rubies.  The  name  is  derived  from  Badakhsi,  i.e.  'of  Badakhshan,'  the 
country  whence  they  came. 

O  2 


196  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

sorts  be  pleased  to  send  no  more,  nor  any  emrauldes,  though  never 
so  cheape  and  rare.'     Broadcloth  is  in  small  demand  everywhere. 
Many  bales  were  found  deficient  in  length,  and  the  cloth  is  coarser 
than  usual  ;  the  sale  is  therefore  likely  to  be  slow,  especially  as 
'  quantity  of  stammetts  and  other  fine  clothing  are  yearly  brought 
out  by  private  traders  and  sould  att  meane  rates'.     The  amber 
beads  were  disposed  of  at  Ahmadabad  at  over  25  per  cent,  profit, 
which  is  less  than  in  former  years.     A  smaller  quantity  should 
be  sent    and   the  balance  made   up  with   rough   amber.     Owing 
to   a   recent   supply  brought  by  the  Portuguese,  their  elephants' 
teeth  were  in  small  demand.     The   consignment   has   smce  been 
realized  but  the  gain  is  too  small  to  make  it  worth  while  to  perse- 
vere with  the  importation,  'if  your  continued  desire  to  lessen  the 
transportacion  of  coine  did  not  occacion  our  advise  for  all  comodities 
that  will  but  yeild  their  prime  cost.'  '     The  prices  obtamed  for  the 
coral  will  be  found  in  the  accounts.     Discrepancies  in  the  weights, 
both  of  the  coral  and  the  ivory.     Lead  bought  by  the  Governor  of 
Surat   for   resale.     Not   more   than   twelve   or   thirteen   thousand 
maunds  will  sell  per  annum.    It  had  been  intended  to  send  Gregory 
Clement  to  Agra  with  the  jewels  and  other  goods  ;  but  as  the  best 
were  sold  in  Cambay, '  the  rest  were  not  of  sufficient  valew  to  mduce 
a  residence  att  court.'     '  Whilst  I  was  in  Cambaia  letters  came  unto 
me  from  Agra  importing  Justinian  Offlyes  decease,  who  departed 
this  life,  after  a  lingring  sicknes,  the  i8th  of  Aprill  last   and  (no 
other  English  being  then  there)  was  buryed  by  the  Dutch    ;  which 
hastened  Gregory   Clement,  Robert    Cletheroe,  and  Ralph   Cart- 
wri-ht  from  Amadavad  thitherwards,  where  by  speedy  travaile  they 
arived  the  15th  June,  and  found  John  Bangam  and  John  Goodwin 
newly  come  from  Lahoare  ;  to  whom  your  house  was  surrendered 
by  the  Governor,  who  with  the  Dutch  had  placed  all  things  found 
therin  att  Mr.  Ofileyes   decease  in  one  chamber  with  both  their 

1  This  is  worth  noting,  as  showing  that  the  Company  were  doing  all  they  could  to 
pacify  the  clamour  raised  in  England  against  their  constant  exportation  o  money 
"^^  1  tombstone  to  his  memory  still  exists  in  the  Old  Protestant  Cemetery  m  the  Cml 
Lines  at  Agra  (List  of  Christian  Tombs  and  Monuments  m  the  A.  W.  Provinces,  p.  173 ; 
ZnsactiL  of  the  Archaeological  Society  of  Agra,  1875,  P-  xv).  The  xnscnpt.on  which 
is  r^urwom,  appears  to  have  run  :  '  [Here  lies  the  body]  of  Justinian  Ofl  ey,  wh]o  was 
chkf  marcha^t  in  Agra  fo[r  the  Engli]sh.  He  deceased  [the  i8th  o^  ApnlU  1627.' 
Close  at  hand  are  two  other  English  tombs  Qohn  Drake,  1637,  and  George  Purchas, 
165 1)  and  four  Dutch. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  197 

scales  on  the  lock,  which  was  not  opened  untill  all  your  saj'd 
servants  mett,  wherby  what  was  left  therin  att  his  decease  will 
doubtlesse  come  to  light.  Butt  his  accounts  are  so  imperfect  that 
more  then  all  we  feare  will  not  cleare  them.'  Now  reply  '  concern- 
ing the  places  by  Your  Worships  nominated  for  forteficacions '. 
'  We  assembled  a  councell  the  24th  November  last  aboard  the 
Blessing,  consisting  of  the  sayd  commaunders  and  principall  masters, 
where  your  desires  and  purposes  were  amply  communicated  and 
discussed,  as  per  coppie  of  the  sayd  consultacion  sent  herwith  .  .  . 
wherby  you  will  sufficiently  apprehend  your  seamens  reply  concern- 
ing Londons  Hope  \s€e  p.  160]  and  their  incertainty  of  Bumbaiee, 
v/hich  are  the  places  to  be  selected  of  those  in  your  letter  mencioned, 
if  the  many  wants  attending  th'  one  and  difficulties  by  opposicion  of 
the  Portugall  in  th'  other  be  not  sufficient  motives  to  abandon 
both.  Your  peoples  omission  in  full  discovery  of  the  latter  hath  in- 
duced our  farther  inquisicion  of  itts  forme  and  conveniencies,  which 
one  Richard  Tuck,  an  English  saylor  now  here  with  us,  that  hath 
long  served  the  Portugall  and  frequented  the  place,  doth  describe  in 
manner  following.  The  iland  called  Bumbaiee  in  some  places  thereof 
is  within  muskett  shott  off  the  maine  of  Decan,  divided  by  a  small 
creeke  from  another  iland  called  Salsett  j  both  which  seeme  one 
land  and  make  butt  two  channells  or  entrances,  one  to  the  south- 
wards of  the  sayd  ilands  and  thother  to  the  northwards,  which  last 
is  neare  unto  the  iland  of  Bassein,  and  from  the  sea  twixt  itt  and 
Bassein  maketh  a  navigable  river,  called  the  river  of  Bassein,  how- 
beitt  within,  near  unto  Salsett,  the  passage  twixt  the  maine  and  itt 
is  very  shoale  and  narrow ;  butt  the  entrance  to  the  southwards 
is  a  large  chahnell,  where  shipps  of  greatest  burthen  may  boldly 
enter  laden  and  ride  landlockt  within  a  bay,  free  from  all  winds  and 
weather,  being  the  same  where  your  people  demolished  a  fort 
or  chappell  of  the  Portugalls  last  yeare  [i.e.  1626]  ;  within  which 
some  3  leagues  they  have  another  village  and  small  fort  [Thana?], 
to  keepe  the  Mallabar  frigats  from  rounding  the  iland,  where  is 
so  little  water  that  every  ebbe  the  people  of  the  maine,  being  the 
subjects  of  Nisam  Shaw,  King  of  that  part  Decan,  may  wade  over. 
The  inhabitants  both  of  Bumbaiee  and  Salsett  are  poore  fishermen 
and  other  labourers,  subject  to  the  Portugall ;  whether  as  well  the 
Portugalls  as  the  Moores  cattle  come  from  the  iland  of  Bassein  and 


198  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

from  the  maine  to  feed.     Itt  is  in  length  twixt  6  and  7  leagues, 
lying  N.  and  S.,  but  in  breadth  little  more  then  an  English  mile. 
Itt  is  not  unlikly,  as  this  fellow  affirm eth,  that  the  Portugalls  have 
made  choise  of  the  fittest  places  to  fortefy,  being  the  same  already 
mencioned.     Howbeitt  our  people  do  speake  of  a  point  lying  out 
into  the  sea  att  entrance,  which  this  man  averreth  to  be  a  low  sandy 
point  meerly  unfitt  for  forteficacion,  and  that  the  entrance  cannott 
be  commaunded  from  the  shoare,  which  is  cause  the  Portugalls  have 
not  bestowed  cost  in  strengthning  itt,  as  they  have  done  other 
places,    the    small    forts    mencioned    being    only    to    keepe    the 
Mallabars   from   robbing    the  country,  abounding  with  all  kinds 
of  fruite,  rice,  and  fish,  a  most  pleasant  and  healthfull  place,  fitt 
to  be  inhabited,  hath  stones  sufficient   to  build  and  fortefy,  and 
timber  is  had  from  the  maine  in  abundance  to  make  the  Portugall 
frigatts  and  small  vessells,  butt  their  greater  shipps  they  build  at 
Bassein  and  Damon.'     The  seamen's  opinions  regarding  Ormus  and 
Kishm  will  be  found  in  the  same  consultation,  and  the  President 
and    Council   are  disposed   to  concur.     '  Butt   that   which   makes 
itt    past    all   doubt   is    the   King   of  Persia   his    answer  to  your 
Agent,  Mr.  Burt,  who  in  a  letter  dated  in  Spahan  the  12th  July 
last,  received  here  overland  the  28th  October,  certefyeth  that  the 
King  hath   given  ample  deniall    of  any  fort   within   his   Persian 
dominion,  with  such  farther  addicion  of  distrust  as  will  ascertaine 
you  that  King  seekes  his  owne  ends  and  never  intended  any  such 
division  as  was  contracted.  ...  If  he  make  all  that  is  gained  by 
your  peoples  assistance  to  be  his  Persian  continent,  you  will  have 
little  reason  to  assist  him  in   Muscatt,   least    by  title  thereof  he 
claime  all  the  continent  of  Arabia  also.     How  necessary  a  fortefi- 
cacion in  some  convenient  harbour  would  be  for  the  stability  and 
augmentacion  of  your  affaires  in  theise  parts  we  sufficiently  appre- 
hend, and  joyning  our  indeavours  to  your  desires  have  made  inquiry 
concerning  all  the  harbours  on  this  coast ;  but  cannot  learne  of  any 
more  fitt  then  those  already  nominated,  which  our  severall  relacions 
will  ascertaine  you  cannott  be  effected  without  much  cost  and  diffi- 
culty and  a    greater  number  of  enginers  and   military  men   then 
your  fleetes  att  any  time  affbard,  our  people  for  the  most  part 
being  heedlesse,  ungovemed,  without  discipline  and  order,  which, 
by  such  wary  and  multitude  of  disturbers  as  perhaps  the  Moores 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  199 

and  Portugalls  would  surely  be,  will  soone  be  discerned  and  all 
advantages  layd  hould  of  to  distresse  and  extirpate  them.     And 
the  conveniences  in  either  are  not  such  as  a  profitable  plantacion 
doth  require,  seing  the  entrance  of  Bumbaiee  nor  any  other  place 
within  the  bay,  as  afore  is  probably  alleadged,  can  commaund  the 
entrance  or  secure  the  harbour  ;  both  which  may  be  effected  att 
Londons  Hope,  if  the  sterility  of  that  soyle,  distance  of  the  place 
from  your  trade,  want  of  fresh  water  espetially  and  of  all   other 
necessaries  did  not  induce  itts  desisting ;  and  that  also  will  in  our 
opinions  be  perform'd  with  lesse  difficulty  in  respect  of  opposicion 
by  enemies  then  the  former,  if  (notwithstanding  the  inconveniencies) 
resolved ;    for,  when   the    Portugall   gallions    shall    remove   from 
Muscatt,    the   townesmen   are  few  and   wilbe  able  to   give    little 
molestacion,  espetially  when   a   fleete   of  shipps  shall  winter  att 
Londons  Hope  to  accomplish  the  worke,  where  are  stones  enough, 
and  more  may  be  had  as  well  from  the  ruines  of  ould  Calliatt  ^  as 
from   Ormus ;    and  may  conveniently  be  visited  with  your  fleetes 
from  Europe  before  they  arrive  att  Suratt,  and  yett  arrive  att  their 
accustomed  seasons,  if  you  will  please  to  dispatch  them  from  home 
a  moneth  or  6  weekes  sooner  then  usuall.     But  your  workmen  and 
materialls  must  come  from  England,  for  that  the  jealousy  of  theise 
inhabitants  will  affoard  neither  :  nor  will  the  workmen,  being  Gen- 
tiles and  superstitious  in  their  eatings,  etc.,  be  induced  to  goe,  if 
leave  were  given.     Howbeitt,  after  erecting  of  your  forteficacion,  itt 
is  not  to  be  doubted  but  timber  for  building  may  be  sent  from 
hence  (for  sale)  by  the    inhabitants   themselves,  as  is   usuall    to 
Muscatt,  where  (water  excepted)  the  country  is  little  better  than 
Londons  Hope,  and  Ormus  is  farre  worse,  yett  industry  made  them 
habitable  and  commerce  made  them  rich.     Soe  that  itt  cannott  be 
denied  but  the  greatest  of  our  alleaged  difficulties  may  be  over- 
come if,  not  regarding   the  charge,  you  send  enginers,  workmen, 
souldiers,  and  materialls  to  make  the  worke  firme  for  defence  and 
opposicion,  which  only  safty  of  the  harbour  doth  excite  (for  doubt- 
lesse  there  is  not  the  like  in  India  unpossessed),  though  destitute  of  all 
other  conveniencies ;  and  is  therefore  referred  to  your  farther  con- 
sideracion.'    The  fleet  sailed  from  Surat  on  March  31, 1627  ;  reached 
Batavia  May  28 ;  and,  with  the  addition  of  the  Exchange,  set  sail 

'  Kalhat,  about  twenty  miles  N.  W.  of  Sur  ;  burnt  by  Albuquerque  in  1507. 


200  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

from  thence  on  June  i8.     They  anchored  at  St.  Augustine's  Bay- 
on  July  28,  and  three  days  later  proceeded  to  the  Comoro  Islands, 
'  without   attending  att  all  our  designe  in  the  lattitude  assigned, 
which  they  altered  by  consultacion  through  latenes  of  the  season, 
although,  in  expectacion  of  your  fleetes  arrivall  from  England,  they 
spent  17  dayes  in  Mohelia  and  Joanna,  where  neither  Dutch  nor 
English  appearing,  they  sett  sayle  hitherward  the  28  August  and 
arived  att   Sualy  the  first  October,  without  encounter,  either  of 
frind  or  enemy,  in  all  their  navigacion.'     On  this  fleet  goods  to  the 
value  of  202,734  mahmudis  were  sent  to  Batavia,  which,  added  to 
those  dispatched   in  the   CJiristopher,  makes  a  supply  of  332,753 
mahmudis  in  one  year.    In  return,  Batavia  sent  some  cloves,  sandaU 
wood,  &c.,  to  the  value  of  25,780  rials  30,  excusing  the  small  quan- 
tity as  due  to  their  being  unprovided  and  to  the  short  stay  of  the 
ships.     They  have  urged  the  continuance  of  the  supply,  and  so  (the 
bad  sales  in  Persia  having  caused   Surat  to  desist  from  sending 
Indian  commodities  thither)  it  has  been  decided  to  dispatch  the 
Blessing  to  Batavia  with  'a  round  cavidall  of  goods'.      By  the 
Morris    a   consignment    of    broadcloth,   gold,   and    lead,    costing 
37,197  mahmudis,  was  sent  to  Masulipatam,  but  out  of  this  the 
factors  were  to  pay  8,728  mahmudis  due  to  an  Armenian  passenger 
from  the  merchants  in  Persia.     The  ship  arrived  there  on  April  27, 
and  left  'Aramagon'  on   August   14  for  Batavia.     The  Abigail, 
which  had  been  condemned  as  unserviceable,  was  by  Eustace  Man's 
advice  hauled  on  shore  in  '  the  river  of  Nassaporpett '  \see  p.  17]  and 
patched  up,  'although  the  charge  hath  occacioned  them  since  to 
wish   itt    undone.'      She   was   dispatched    from    Masulipatam    on 
October   15  and  was  consigned  to  'Aramagon'  to  lade  salt  for 
Batavia  ;    '  in  the   former  of  which  your  factors,  itt  seemes,  have 
given  over  or  protracted  their  intended  forteficacion  and  content 
themselves  with  a  residence  only.'    Two  gold  coins  of  Armagon^ 
and  twenty  other  specimens  are  transmitted  herewith.     Twenty-six 
days  after  the  arrival  of  the  English  fleet,  seven  Dutch  ships  and 
a  pinnace  \see  p.  182]  reached  Swally  from  Batavia,  bringing  letters, 
of  which  copies  are  now  forwarded.     Three  of  these  ships  started 
from  Holland  last  year  for  Surat,  but  had  to  return  to  the  Texel, 
owing  to  one  being  leaky ;  and  then,  hearing  of  the  strength  of  the 

1  Evidently  the  factors  at  Armagon  had  commenced  to  coin  pagodas. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  201 

Portuguese  in  these  waters,  their  destination  was  changed  to 
Batavia,  which  they  reached  after  a  tedious  voyage  of  a  year  or 
more.  For  the  same  reason,  two  ships  dispatched  this  year  were 
diverted  to  Batavia,  where  joining  the  former  three,  and  having 
two  more  added,  they  have  now  come  on  to  Surat,  They  have 
imparted  little  news,  except  that  the  James  and  Jonas  had  arrived 
safely  in  England.  They  give  out  that  they  have  brought  supplies 
for  Surat  and  Persia  to  the  value  of  200,000/.  sterling.^  The  English 
factors,  on  the  other  hand,  are  in  debt  to  the  extent  of  772,000 
mahmudis  or  38,600/.  '  Our  bussines  found  a  generall  stoppe  in 
all  places  for  want  of  meanes  ;  and  the  poorer  creditors  made  stay 
of  our  caphila,  carted  and  prepared  for  dispeed  in  Amadavad,  untill 
by  letters  of  frinds  and  other  meanes  they  were  perswaded  (for 
interest)  to  longer  forbearance.  Meanewhile  preparing  to  lade 
what  was  already  housed  att  Ranneill,  with  the  investment  of  this 
and  Baroch  factories,  we  found  an  unexpected  opposicion  from  the 
Governor  -  on  th'  other  side  the  river,  who  in  the  right  of  his 
master,^  a  great  man  and  neare  councellor  to  the  ould  King, 
demaunded  our  customes,  as  dew  unto  the  port  of  Sualy,  where 
3'our  shipps  do  lade  and  discharge ;  which  the  Governor  of  Surratt, 
being  for  the  King,  utterly  refused.  And  soe  neither  would  give 
way  unto  th'  other,  for  clearing  of  our  goods ;  which  the  Surratt 
Governor  might  have  compelled,  but  fearing  to  displease  th'others 
master  (his  frind  and  preferrer)  would  use  no  violence.  In  which 
dissencion  Mirmosa,  the  Governor  of  Cambaia  aforemencioncd, 
hearing  of  shipps  arrivall  and  supposing  them  to  have  Jewells  or 
other  rarieties,  came  downe  expresly  (as  promised  att  my  being 
there)  with  store  of  monies  to  buy  ;  but  finding  nothing  of  moment, 
neither  from  us,  the  Dutch,  nor  the  inhabitants,  he  made  himselfe 
displeased  with  your  better  sort,  to  procure  presents  for  the  regain- 
ing his  favour,  and  pretended  to  us  that  his  journey  was  cheifly  to 
determine  our  bussines  in  reconciliacion  of  the  two  Governors ; 
which  indeed  he  seemed  to  labour,  and  in  all  mens  apprehension 
did  accord  them,  appointing  the  officers  of  both  to  keepe  accounts, 
but  the  monies  for  custome  to  remaine  in  our  owne  possession  untill 
advise  from  court  should  determine  the  question ;  which  being  to 

1  The  Dagh-Register  (p.  326)  gives  the  value  of  their  cargo  as  930,115  florins. 
'^  Of  Olpad.  °  Khwaja  Abul  Hasan. 


aoa  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

our  advantage  drew  from  us  larger  presents  (he  visiting  also  your 
shipps)  then  otherwise  we  should  have  given ;  who  was  no  sooner 
gone  but  they  againe  returned  to  their  former  variance,  insomuch 
as  all  the  great  men  in  theise  parts  tooke  notice  of  our  injury  and 
many  letters  were  written  to  and  againe  concerning  itt ;  wherin  the 
townesmen  and  Persian  merchants  also  mediating  in  vaine,  letters 
att  last  from  court  sett  a  moderacion  in  the  desires  of  th'one  and 
assent  to  some  connivence  in  th'other ;  and  so  itt  was  concluded 
that  the  Kings  Governor  should  receive  our  custome  of  goods  to 
and  from  Europe  and  the  southwards,  and  the  noblemans  Governor 
the  custome  of  all  mens  goods  to  and  from  Persia,  with  custome  of 
goods  also  sould  att  markett  on  the  Mareen  ^  ;  which  yett  could 
not  be  concluded  without  rupees  500  bribe  to  each  and  accustomed 
presents.  And  no  sooner  were  our  goods  chopt  and  cleared  but 
a  suddaine  rumour  overspread  the  land  with  the  Kings  death, 
which  filled  all  men  with  feare  and  expectacion,  except  only  rebells 
and  theeves,  that  make  itt  their  harvest.  This  newes  was  first 
wispered  here  the  19th  November,^  but  within  two  dayes  after 
publikly  divulged  :  whose  decease  was  the  first  of  the  sayd  moneth 
in  his  journey  twixt  Cashmeere  and  Lahoare.^  Evory  one  now 
attending  with  care  who  should  be  promoted  unto  the  succession, 
desired  as  their  affeccions  ledd  them,  some  one  and  some  another 
of  the  compettitors ;  whilst  the  principalis  of  these  inhabitants 
(being  naturall  Persians)  directed  secretly  their  peticions  unto  Prince 
Charoom,  and  the  Governour  of  the  towne,  retiring  himselfe  into 
his  castle,  did  the  like,  being  an  antient  servant  to  that  prince,  and 

>  i.  e.  the  waterside.  '  When  any  ships  ride  at  Swalley  (from  September  to  March 
commonly),  the  bannians  all  along  the  sea  side  pitch  booths  or  tents  and  straw  houses  in 
great  numbers,  where  they  sell  callicoes,  Chena  satten,  purcellan  ware,  scrutores  or 
cabbinets  of  mother  of  pearle,  of  ebony,  of  ivory,  agats,  turquoises,  heliotropes,  cornelians, 
rice,  sugar,  plantans,  arack,  &c.'    (Herbert's  Travels,  ed.  1638,  p.  37). 

^  Van  den  Broeck  {Voyagie,  p.  107)  says  that  he  heard  of  the  event  on  December  6 
(N.  S.  =  November  26,  O.  S.). 

^  According  to  the  native  historians,  Jahanglr  died  near  Rajor  about  breakfast-time  on 
Sunday,  28  Safar,  1037  A.  H.  (Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi.  p.  435,  vol.  vii.  p.  5 ;  Blochmann, 
Calcutta  Review,  vol.  xlix.  p.  127;  and  information  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  Henry 
Beveridge).  This  is  usually  stated  to  be  equivalent  to  October  28,  1627  (O.  S.),  which 
certainly  was  a  Sunday ;  but  the  ordinary  tables  make  A.  H.  1037  commence  on  Septem- 
ber 2,  1627,  and  in  that  case  28  Safar  would  fall  on  October  29.  However,  Indian 
chronology  has  its  obscurities,  and  in  the  present  case  the  day  of  the  week  appears  to  be 
our  safest  guide. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  203 

was  Captaine  of  this  castle  for  him  when  he  fell  into  disgrace  with 
his  father.  Butt  att  this  time  his  change  was  so  suddaine  as  rare, 
for  Sief  Chaun,  whose  deputies  long  governed  this  place,  being 
newly  returned  from  court  to  Amadavad  with  authority  of  Saheb- 
suba  [see  p.  188]  or  Viceroy  of  the  province,  suspecting,  itt  seemes, 
the  sayd  Captaines  surrender,  ordained  a  servant  of  his  residing 
here  (that  had  formerly  also  beene  Captain  thereof)  to  surprise  the 
castle  ;  who  with  four  men  only,  having  first  corrupted  the  warders, 
entring  as  a  visitant,  effected  itt,  and  made  the  Governor  prisoner ; 
and  presently  therupon,  doubting  either  disturbance  or  insurreccion 
of  the  people,  assuming  the  government,  proclaimed  Charoom  their 
king ;  which  device,  though  itt  pacefied  the  multitude,  did  not 
greatly  assure  those  of  better  intelligence,  who,  doubting  Sief 
Chauns  affeccion,  were  of  opinion  the  castle  could  not  thus  be 
wrested  from  the  new  proclaimed  Kings  servant,  if  really  intended 
for  his  service.  Now  whilst  all  men  were  distracted  with  these 
occurrents,  itt  pleased  the  Allmighty  to  give  us  some  consolacion 
by  the  arrivall  of  your  fleete  from  England  under  the  commaund 
of  Captain  Hall,  wherof  the  intelligence  came  unto  us  (att  least  of 
shipps  in  sight)  the  evening  of  the  same  day  wherin  the  castle  was 
surprised,  being  the  29  November ;  which  the  next  morrow  con- 
firmed from  Sualy,  drew  us  speedily  thither  to  injoy  the  comfort 
of  such  happy  tidings  as  by  them  we  might  expect  ;  which  ere  we 
could  attaine  unto,  an  unexpected  object  of  many  bales  [of]  goods 
on  the  Mareen,  some  wett  and  some  burnt,  were  presented  to  our 
view,  discharged  from  the  Palsgrave  through  an  unhappy  accident 
of  fire,  wherin  the  great  mercy  of  God  delivered  your  shipp  and 
goodes  from  destruction,  as  in  some  fitter  place  shalbe  related. 
The  occacion  of  these  shipps  so  tardy  arrivall  the  commaunder 
imputes  unto  contrary  winds  betwixt  the  iland  of  St.  Lawrence 
[Madagascar]  and  the  maine  ;  for  they  arived  att  Cape  Speranza 
the  10th  July  and  departed  thence  the  20th  ditto,  but  gained  not 
the  iland  of  Mohelia  untill  the  loth  September,  whence  they 
departed  the  i6th  ditto,  and  had  the  westerly  munzone  unto 
9  degrees  N.  latitude,  which  there  left  them.  .  .  .  You  may  please 
to  observe  that  either  itt  is  requisitt  you  give  your  fleetes  more 
timly  dispatch  att  home  or  else  that  you  absolutely  prohibitt  their 
touching  att  Cape  Speranza.'     Will  now    answer  the  Company's 


204  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

letter  of  March  13  brought  by  the  fleet,  'after  some  requisitt 
digression  in  the  advise  of  farther  occurrents  concerning  the  change 
in  state  aforemencioned  ;  for  the  better  apprehension  wherof  you 
may  please  to  remember  what  was  written  in  our  letter  of  the 
29th  November,  1626  [see  p.  150]  as  well  concerning  the  Prince 
Charoom  as  of  Mahobett  Chan,  the  Kings  generall ;  which  last, 
although  he  had  sett  Asaph  Chaun  att  liberty,  by  instigacion  of 
the  Oueene  was  commaunded  not  to  approach  the  Kings  presence, 
but  to  keepe  himselfe  and  his  army  5  course  distant  from  the 
Kings;  who,  doubting  some  greater  disgrace,  went  farther  off; 
when  the  King,  hearing  of  treasure  coming  from  Bengala  to  him, 
permitted,  if  not  enordered.  itts  surprizall  [sec  p.  149],  and  expelld 
him  also  from  the  revennues  of  Bengala,  which  was  his  province ; 
wherupon  with  5,000  horse  of  his  owne  followers  he  came  by 
easy  travaile  towards  Guzeratt,  and  was  many  months  as  easily 
followed  with  10  or  12,000  horse  of  the  Kings  army,  who  (as  report 
gave  out)  had  secrett  order  from  the  King  not  to  fall  upon  him  ; 
att  least  they  did  not,  nor  ever  came  nearer  then  15  or  20  course 
of  his  stations.  In  which  interim  his  eldest  sonne,^  having  sur- 
rendered Bengala,  repaired  unto  the  King  and  received  very 
gratious  entertainment ;  butt  the  Oueene  by  no  meanes  would 
admitt  the  recalling  of  his  father.  Meanewhile  the  King  being  att 
Cashmeere,  and  Mahobett  Chaun  residing  in  the  middle  country 
betwixt  Agra  and  these  parts,  held  correspondence  with  the  Prince 
Charoom,  who  earnestly  desiring  an  attonment,  they  exchanged 
vowes  of  love  and  frindshipp ;  wheruppon  IMahobet  Chaun  repaired 
unto  the  Prince  att  his  residence  in  Decan,  where  he  had  not  long 
remained  ere  newes  of  the  Kings  death  seconded  his  arivall  and  put 
life  againe  in  the  Prince  to  stand  for  the  kingdome.  And  for 
entrance,  this  towne  and  castle  being  as  aforesayd  preferred  to  be 
att  his  devocion,  he  first  addrest  himselfe  hither ;  wherof  the  newes 
came  hastily  unto  us  att  Sually  the  2d  December,  ere  we  were 
returned  from  the  shipps,  with  advise  from  the  principall  merchants 
to  make  present  repaire,  which  also  we  did,  and  in  their  company 

^  Khanazad  Khan  (Mirza  Aman-nllah).  Shah  Jahan,  soon  after  his  accession,  gave 
him  the  title  of  Khan  Zaman  Bahadur.     He  died  in  1637  (Beale). 

De  Laet  (p.  274)  confirms  the  account  given  in  the  text  of  Mahabat  Khan's  move- 
ments. He  says  that  it  was  Asaf  Khan  who  gave  secret  orders  to  the  royal  troops  not  to 
make  an  attack. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  205 

went  7  miles  off  to  meete  him,  his  people  having  first  possessed 
the  towne  and  settled  themselves  in  the  government.  Sief  Chauns 
servants  and  frinds  being  all  fledd  into  the  castle,  which  they  would 
not  surrender ;  wherupon  the  Prince  advanced  not,  but  enordered 
his  servants  to  take  some  monies  by  way  of  loane  of  the  townes- 
men.  From  us  they  had  5,000  rialls,  in  part  of  custome,  and  7,000 
more  which  some  merchants  borrowed  of  us  to  lend  him,  therby 
pretending  their  want ;  which  was  no  sooner  payd  butt  the  new 
Governor  accompanied  them  and  us  unto  his  army ;  where  the  first 
night  the  merchants  had  very  gratious  admittance,  and  wee  with 
them,  who  spake  very  effectually  in  our  praise,  but  no  one  word  of 
the  Dutch,  though  afterwards  they  also  were  admitted.^  The  next 
morning  he  sett  forth  toward  Baroch,  and  wee  followed  for  a  con- 
venient time  to  deliver  our  present  ;  and  being  desirous  to  see  the 
strength  and  manner  of  his  army,  on  the  way  kept  somthing  neare 
itt ;  the  choise  horsemen  wherof,  being  about  5,000,  were  divided 
into  two  squadrons,  halfe  a  mile  distant  each  from  other,  and  him- 
selfe  with  Mahobett  Chaun,  that  time  on  horseback,  with  a  troupe 
of  his  principall  servants  in  the  middle  twixt  both  ;  one  of  whom 
demaunding  if  we  would  salute  the  King,  made  present  way,  and 
the  Prince,  perceiving  us  to  alight,  stayd  his  horse,  admitted  us  to 
touch  him,  heard  what  we  would  say,  and  demaunded  some  ques- 
tions of  us,  which  was  accompted  a  very  great  grace.  The  same 
afternoone  we  delivered  our  present,  being  two  faire  horses  (one 
Arabian,  th'other  a  Persian),  6  yeardes  scarlett  and  6  yeards  rich 
cloth  of  gold  ;  all  which  he  liked  very  well,  but  espetially  the 
horses,  causing  them  immediately  to  be  fitted  with  rich  furniture, 
and  the  next  day  rode  one  of  them  himselfe.  The  cloth  and  tissue 
he  tooke  with  his  owne  hand  from  mine,  and  drew  itt  out  in  length, 

'  This  conflicts  with  the  account  given  by  \'an  den  Broeck  {Voyagie,  p.  107),  for  he 
declares  that  he  was  the  first  to  visit  the  Prince  from  Surat.  He  was  at  Swally  when 
he  heard  that  Shah  Jahan  was  approaching  and  that  a  demand  had  been  made  on  the 
Dutch  merchants  for  Rs.  10,000  for  his  use.  He  at  once  returned  to  Surat,  and  the  same 
evening  went  with  a  present  to  the  Prince's  camp,  which  was  pitched  about  three  (Dutch) 
miles  outside  the  city.  He  was  very  graciously  received,  and  was  given  a  fine  horse 
(to  which  Mahabat  Khan  added  a  second).  At  Van  den  Broeck's  request  Shah 
Jahan  gave  the  Dutch  a  fresh  farman.  Herbert  (ed.  1638,  p.  108)  says,  speaking 
of  the  Prince,  '  at  our  being  in  his  country  he  came  within  two  dayes  journey  of  Surrat, 
and  in  a  ceremoniall  way  the  English  merchants  ships  thundred  out  his  health  by  200 
great  shot,  which  he  most  thankfully  accepted  of.' 


2o6  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

demaunding  why  we  had  cutt  itt  and  where  the  rest  was ;  remem- 
bred  to  have  bought  of  us  the  like  tissue,  but  acknowledged  this  to 
be   better.      Finally,  we   had    gracious  acceptance  and  gennerall 
applause,  himselfe  willing  us  to  demaund  what  we  would  have. 
We  shewed  him  our  late  greivances,  and  insinuated  what  we  could 
our  desire  of  his  prosperity,  being  assured  of  his  favour  and  releife. 
Att  night  we  were  againe  admitted,  and  with  grant  of  a  large 
firman.'' promise   of  his  farther  favour  in  our  occacions,  the  guift 
of  a  horse  and  vest,  were  dismissed  ;  and  the  next  day  had  also 
the  firman,  so  ample  as  we  could  well  desire  ;  and  doe  confide  (if  he 
be  King)  our  suites  will  have  better  redresse  then  heretofore.     The 
Governor  of  Baroch,  being  servant  to  Chan  Jehan,  Sahabsuba  of 
Brampore  and  gennerall  of  the  forces  there  residing,  not  comm.ing  out 
to  meete  the  Prince,  he  went  not  thither,  but  passing  the  river  few 
miles  above  itt  proceeded  towards  Amadavad,  and  was  received  at 
all  other  places  on  the  way.     And  being  within  20  miles  of  the 
citty,  the  whole  nobillity  came  forth  and  accepted  him  to  be  their 
King  ;  yett  most  of  the  richer  inhabitants,  knowing  his  wants  must 
be  releived,  hidd  themselves.     The  officers  rendered  all  the  ould 
Kings  treasure,  and  gave  large  presents  of  their  owne.     Sief  Chaun 
sent^immediate  order  to  deliver  up  Suratt  castle,  with  the  treasure 
therin ;  and  though  very  sick,  being  newly  cutt  for  the  stone,  came 
also  forth,  and  att  intercession  of  the  Princesse  (his  wives  sister  [see 
p.  189])  was  pardoned  his  life  ;  but  of  his  treasure,  Jewells,  elephants, 
horses,  and  servants  the  Prince  tooke  what  he  liked  (though  not  so 
much  as  itt  was  thought  he  would  have  done),  dismissed  him,  and 
made  another  Governor  ;  and  is  proceeded  thence  with  about  25,000 
horse  a  neare  way  over  the  mountaines  towards  Agra,  where  itt  is 
likely  he  wilbe  received  and  inthroned,  although  th'  other  two  com- 
pettitors  have  beene  proclaimed  Kings.     For  the  ould  King  was  no 
sooner  dead  (as  aforesayd)but  his  second  sonneSheriare,  theQueenes 
Sonne  in  law,  surprised  Lahoare.  [took]  all  the  treasure  in  campe 
and  citty,  and  was  first  proclaimed  King ;  whereupon  her  brother, 
Asaph  Chaun,  with  other  the  cheife  councellors  tooke  Bullaguy 
[Bulaqi],  Sonne  of  the  Kings  eldest  sonne,  and  fledd  ;  whom  many 
others  following,  they  joyned,  kept  a  while  the  feild,  and  returned 
to  Lahoare  ;  where  in  a  fought  battaile  the  late  great  Queene,  with 
her  Sonne  in  law,  had  the  foyle,  were  surprised,  and  are  still  detained 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  207 

prisoners.  And  the  conquerour  was  there  proclaimed,  but  nowhere 
elce  that  we  heare  of  as  yett ;  whereby  in  liklyhood  itt  doth  appeare 
all  is  reserved  for  Charoom,  the  Governor  of  Agra  having  called 
him,  and  the  young  Prince  his  councellors  being  the  allies  and 
favourers  of  Charoom  ;  whom  the  souldiers  in  generall  doe  love, 
and  whose  best  age,  warlike  disposicion,  travaile,  and  experience  in 
the  highest  and  dejected  fortunes  hath  made  him  fittest  for  the  rule 
and  government  of  so  many  nacions  and  spatious  countryes.'  Now 
return  to  the  Company's  letter.  The  pinnace  Sco2it  lost  company 
with  the  rest  of  the  fleet  and  has  not  since  been  heard  of.  '  Our 
Kings  Majesties  embassador  [to  Persia:  Sir  Dodmore  Cotton]  came 
safly  hither,  in  company  of  Sir  Robert  Sherly  and  his  lady  ;  but 
the  Persian  embassador  [Naqd  All  Beg]  dyed  a  day  before  their 
anchoring  att  Sualy,  and  the  merchants  sonne  ^  few  dayes  after 
their  comming  from  Mohelia.  The  latter  made  a  will,  and  the  former 
had  little  to  give ;  what  either  had  is  gonne  for  Gombroon  to  be 
disposed  by  your  Agent  and  Councell.  The  late  coming  of  your 
fleete  prevented  the  Lord  Embassador  from  going  to  Surratt ; 
whom  for  his  better  accommodacion  we  removed  into  the  Williain, 
and  leaft  Sir  Robert  Sherly  in  the  Starve.  His  Lordshipp  had 
dew  reverence  here,  and  went,  we  believe,  very  well  pleased  from 
hence ;  whose  accomodacion  with  tents,  &c.,  for  his  travayle  not 
being  to  be  had  on  the  suddaine,  we  presented  him  one  in  your 
name  from  the  Marreen.'  The  fleet  sent  to  Persia  comprised  the 
Exchange,  William,  Hart,  and  Star.  They  carried  nearly  300 
passengers  (mostly  Persians)  and  freight  amounting  to  about  20,000 
mahmudls  ;  the  latter  would  have  been  more,  had  not  the  Dutch 
departed  first,  and  yet  was  enough  to  pester  all  the  ships,  though 
the  freight  was  not  worth  delaying  for.  On  them  were  also  sent 
the  goods  consigned  thither  by  the  Company,  with  eighteen  broad- 
cloths added,  and  a  chest  of  rials  to  pay  for  the  transport  of  the 
commodities  up  country.  '  The  reasons  you  give  for  sending  so 
small  supply  will  not  passe  current  there.'  The  fleet  sailed  on 
December  17.  The  Dutch  ships  (except  one  intended  for  Holland) 
started   for   the   same   destination  eight   days    earlier.      That  for 

^  Muhammad,  son  of  Khwaja  Shahsuwar,  a  merchant  who  accompanied  Naqd  All  Beg 
to  England.  As  already  mentioned  (p.  88  «.),  the  father  died  during  the  mission.  The 
son  embarked  on  the  return  voyage  but,  as  stated  in  the  text,  died  before  reaching  India 
(see  Herbert,  p.  32). 


2o8  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Europe  ^  sailed  on  December  5  or  6,  while  the  English  were  with 
the  Prince ;  hence  their  omission  to  send  letters  in  her.  Their 
consultation  of  December  12  will  explain  why  they  detained  the 
Mary,  &c.  The  four  ships  are  sufficient  to  encounter  the  Portuguese, 
should  they  put  in  an  appearance  ;  but  they  '  have  received  a  greater 
overthrow  by  the  will  of  the  Allmighty  then  your  forces  could  give 
them '.-  Have  provided  enough  goods  to  lade  the  Palsgrave, 
Dolphin,  and  Discovery  for  England.  They  have  done  their  best 
to  bring  down  the  price  of  Sarkhej  indigo,  but  this  will  never  be 
effected  while  both  Dutch  and  English  are  competing  for  it. 
Hoping  to  send  home  the  Dolphin  last  year,  they  then  bought  402 
round  churls  [see  p.  94]  at  51  rupees  per  churl  of  four  maunds. 
Since  then,  endeavouring  to  abate  the  price  (as  the  Dutch  were 
without  money  to  purchase  any),  they  waited  too  long  and  were 
forced  to  pay  one  rupee  per  maund  higher  than  they  might  have 
done  before  the  rains.  The  quantity  added  is  580  square  fardles, 
the  old  costing  from  12^  to  13^  rupees  [per  maund?],  and  the  new 
from  13I  to  15I,  the  reason  for  the  rise  in  price  being  that  last 
year's  indigo  is  better  made  than  any  of  late  years  has  been.  Of 
Biana  indigo  386  bales  were  provided  last  year  at  Agra,  costing 
from  2>S  to  '^6^  rupees  per  maund,  except  a  small  parcel  bought 
green  in  the  villages  '  by  mony  advanced  beforehand ',  which  cost 
only  24-|  rupees.  They  will  omit  no  opportunity  of  obtaining  a 
further  supply,  when  to  be  had  cheaply,  and  meanwhile  will  send 
no  more  Sarkhej  indigo  than  they  are  obliged.  Two  hundred 
fardles  of  Biana  indigo  are  in  readiness  at  Agra,  bought  by  Clement 
and  the  rest,  at  30  rupees  or  thereabouts :  but  they  cannot  be 
brought  down  until  the  country  is  more  settled.  Of  cotton  cloth 
or  calicoes  they  have  provided  more  than  in  any  one  year  hereto- 
fore ;  and  therein  have  obeyed  the  Company's  orders  to  send  the 
coarser  sorts.  Of  these  they  have  been  able  to  procure  both  larger 
quantities  and  at  cheaper  rates,  because  the  Dutch  and  the  Moors 
have  been  scanted  of  money  to  make  any  great  investment.  The 
consignment  consists  of  428  bales  of  broad  and  527  bales  of  narrow 
cloths.  Of  saltpetre  they  have  sent  enough  to  ballast  the  ships ; 
it  is  the  best  that  could  be  procured  at  Agra  and  Ahmadabad,  and 

^  The  Maagd  van  Dort. 

"  '  The  Portugalles  ships  were  destroyed  by  fowle  weather '  {inarginal  note). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  209 

that  provided  at  the  former  place  has  proved  very  expensive,  owino- 
to  exactions  on  the  way  down.     They  will  send  a  like  quantity  on 
every  future  ship,  and   more  if  it  can  be  got.     Explain  the  high 
price  of  the  former  consignment  of  Dholka  dutties ;  411  bales  now 
forwarded,  besides  348  bales  of  long  baftas.     Intend  to  send  one  or 
two  factors  to  Dholka  this  year.     As  regards  GandevI  dutties,  the 
quantity  made  is  not  sufficient  to  warrant  the  establishment  of  a 
factory,  and  the  greater  part  is  bought  by  Surat  merchants   for 
export  to  Mokha.     They  have  tried  to  induce  the  weavers  to  comply 
with  the  Company's  wishes  for  the  substantial  making  of  the  cloth, 
but  '  the  close  striking  of  the  threedes  would  make  the  cloth  shorter 
or  use  more  yearne  to  accomplish  itts  accustomed  length,  which 
being  prejudiciall  to  the  poore  workemen  they  will  not  be  persuaded 
therto  ;   for  if  your  broker  refuse,  others  do  buy  so  fast  as  they  are 
made.'     They  have,  however,  sent  five  bales,  which  they  hope  will 
be  found  satisfactory.     Particulars  of  other  cotton  cloths  included 
in    the    consignment,   amongst    them    a    number    of    stuffs   and 
'  necannees '  provided  at  Broach  by  William  Martin  and  at  Baroda 
by  Richard  Barber,  the  chief  factors  at  those  places.     Of  carpets 
they  transmit  a  bale  of  seven  forwarded  from  Persia,  notwithstandin<T 
the  Company's  repeated  prohibition.     None  will   be  provided  in 
India  until  further  order ;  there  are,  however,  at  Surat,  two  large 
carpets  bought  by  Offley  for  the  use  of  the  factory,  but  far  too 
costly  for  that  purpose,  and  these  (should  they  be  unable  to  sell 
them)  will  be  sent  home  next  year.     Particulars  of  the  consignments 
of  Persian  silk,  quilts,  cotton  yarn  (525  bales,  'all  streight  reeled,' 
bought  at  Broach  and  Cambay),  cornelian  beads,  spikenard,  aloes 
Socotrina,  gumlac,  shashes,  and  three  bales  of  cotton  cloths  belong- 
ing to  Justinian  Offley,  Thomas  Barker,  and  Richard  Chamberlain, 
all  of  whom  are  dead.      Cloves  received  from  Batavia  and  now 
transmitted  to  England,  including  some  belonging  to  the  estate  of 
Richard  King,  the  late  purser  of  the  Exchange.     Cannot  understand 
the  deficiency  in  the  pepper  sent  home  in  the  James.     '  Garbling  ' 
[sifting]  is  a  practice  unknown  in  this  country ;  but  it  can  be  done 
after  the  purchase  of  the  pepper  if  the  Company  will  send  out  the 
necessary   'instruments'    and  some  one   to  direct  the  operation. 
The   quantity   and  cost   of  the  pepper  now  laden.      Very  little 
cinnamon  comes  to  Surat,  but  they  send  40  bales  bought  covertly 


FOSTER   III 


aio  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

from  a  Portuguese.     They  have  also  stowed  in  the  ships  60  bags 

of  cotton  wool.     The  Company's  orders  to  furnish  the  names  of  the 

factors   who  have   bought  the   several  goods  will  be  punctually 

observed.    '  We  have  not  seen  any  rare  birds  in  these  parts.^     The 

beasts  of  esteeme  are  antilopes  and  other  deare ;  which  when  we 

can  light  of  shalbe  sent  you,  as  now  a  buck  and  two  does  are,  on 

the  Palsgrave'     The  fire  on  that  vessel  (which  was  caused  by  a 

midshipman    slipping   on    some    pepper   and    dropping   a  lighted 

candle  among  some  loose  cotton)  has  led  to  some  confusion  in  the 

repacking,  while  one  bale  of  indigo  has  been  stolen.     A  caravan 

coming  from  Ahmadabad  was  robbed  of  three  bales  and  a  part  of  a 

fourth,  though  a  stout  defence  was  made  against  the  robbers.     They 

are  only  now  unlading  the  goods  from  England,  having  deferred  it 

hitherto   'through   doubt   of  events   by  the  new    King  and  new 

Governors  comming,  whose  wants  hath  caused  most  monied  men  to 

hide  themselves  and  make  us  cautious  alsoe'.     Received  by  the 

William  a  chest  of  coral  beads,  said  to  belong  to  Alderman  Gore ; 

also  a  chest  of  silver  plate.^     Neither  of  these  was  mentioned  in  the 

invoices.     The  Company  has  blamed  the  President  and   Council 

for  employing  inefficient  factors ;  this  is  unfair,  for  they  have  made 

the  best  selection  they  could  with  such  a  limited  number  to  choose 

from.      To   Persia  last   year  they  sent   (with  Mr.  Burt)  William 

Gibson,  John  Antill,  and  George  Turner  (chirurgeon) ;  besides  whom, 

Malachi  Martin,  purser  of  the  Dolphin,  and  some  other  young  men 

were  taken  on  shore  as  writers  and  attendants.     This  year  Robert 

Wodder  was  dispatched  thither  as  accountant ;  also  John  Strethay, 

who  had  been  bred  a  silkman.     Surat  factory  has  been  supplied 

during  this  year  and  last  by  sundry  men  taken  from  the  ships,  viz. 

Arthur  Suftield  (purser  of  the  Blessing),  Ralph  Cartwright  (purser 

of  the  Palsgrave),  Nicholas  Woolley  (purser's  mate  of  the  Falcon), 

Ralph  Rand  (purser's  mate  of  the  Morris),  John  Webb,  and  Thomas 

Smyth,  'writers  in  the  office.'     Of  the  factors  arrived  in  this  fleet 

Mr.    Skibbow  has  been  admitted  a   member  of  the  Council,  in 

accordance  with  the  Company's  orders  ;   Edward  Scudamore  has 

^  These  were  probably  wanted  for  presentation  to  the  King;  see  a  note  at  p.  199  of  the 
16 1 8-2 1  volume. 

^  A  marginal  note  explains  that  this  plate  had  been  shipped  by  mistake  to  Surat 
instead  of  Batavia,  being  intended  for  the  new  factory  at  Lagundy. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  211 

been  appointed  '  to  follow  the  custome  house ' ;  Richard  Predys, 
Nathaniel  Wyche,  and  Crispin  Blackden  will  be  placed  in  the 
several  factories ;  and  Jeronimo  de  Paiva  will  be  employed  as 
occasion  shall  require.  Several  of  '  your  antient  servants '  would 
have  liked  to  return  to  England ;  but  the  late-coming  of  the 
ships,  the  great  debts  outstanding,  and  the  desirability  of 
giving  the  new  comers  time  to  learn  their  duties,  have  induced 
Kerridge,  Hopkinson,  and  Martin  to  remain  another  year.  Unless 
the  Company  make  an  appointment  in  the  interim,  Kerridge's 
successor  will  be  elected  by  '  a  generall  councell  '.  John  Glan- 
ville  returns  home,  owing  to  ill-health.  They  do  not  understand 
the  reference  to  diamonds  sent  to  the  Company  from  this  place, 
and  think  those  received  must  have  been  prize  goods.  The 
mine  found  some  years  ago  near  Masulipatam  has  been  shut  up  and 
is  not  likely  to  be  re-opened,  *  least  itt  should  give  edge  unto  the 
more  powerfull  for  invasion.'  '  Neare  Vizapore  [Bijapur]  also  an 
ould  mine  doth  afifoard  some,  and  the  Portugalls  buy  of  them  ;  but 
that  they  yeild  competent  proffitt  for  you  to  transport  we  never 
understood.'  However,  they  will  purchase  some  if  an  opportunity 
occurs :  but  they  would  be  glad  of  fuller  instructions  as  to  the 
sorts,  &c.,  desired.  Concerning  private  trade,  they  consider  the 
Company's  remarks  unjust,  seeing  that  the  amount  of  trade  done 
by  the  factors  is  small  compared  with  that  of  the  ships'  officers. 
'  We  do  reprehend  both,  when  we  discerne  any ;  and  that  hath  lost 
some  of  us  much  love  and  gained  little.'  Resent  the  demand  for  an 
account  of  private  trade  on  the  Anne,  'as  if  all  we  then  here  were 
accessaries  '.  The  Master,  Eustace  Man,  was  rich,  but  what  private 
trade  he  carried  they  are  wholly  ignorant.  Gregory  Clement;  who 
went  as  factor  therein,  had  not  the  means  to  do  much  ;  and  as  he  is 
now  at  Agra  they  cannot  give  his  reply.  Probably,  however,  the 
Company  refer  to  the  goods  carried  on  behalf  of  native  merchants. 
Explain  that '  the  last  great  breach  twixt  these  inhabitants  and  your 
servants  induced  our  uttmost  indeavour  to  regaine  their  affeccions, 
according  to  your  order  ;  which  by  often  visitings,  presents,  and  in- 
vitacions  we  have  obtained  in  an  unwonted  measure  '.  When,  there- 
fore, some  of  the  principal  merchants  asked  leave  to  send  goods  in 
the  An7ie  to  Batavia,  pointing  out  that  the  Dutch  had  granted  them 
similar  privileges,  it  was  decided  to  consent.     '  The  parties  were 

Pa 


212 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


Cojah  Jellaldine,  Shawbander  [Shah-bandar]  or  admirall  of  this 
port  Merja  Mahmud,  a  principall  Moore  merchant,  who  annually 
assisteth  in  the  augmentacion  of  your  Persian  freight,  Virgee  Vora 
the  cn-eatest  banian  merchant,  and  Biadrue,  the  constant  officer  and 
rate?  of  your  goods  in  custome  house.'      These  sent  sixteen  bales, 
and  received  the  proceeds  in  rials,  making  40  per  cent,  profit.     As 
this  gave  little  content,  owing  to  the  fact  that  goods  entrusted  to 
the  care  of  the  Dutch  the  same  year  had  realized  70  per  cent,  profit, 
it  was  determined  to  allow  them  to  send  a  like  quantity  last  year  ; 
and  this  year  they  have  permitted  the  same  merchants  to  dispatch 
an  agent  of  their  own  with  a  further  consignment.    These  courtesies 
have  been  amply  repaid  by  the  officials  concerned  conniving  m  the 
largely  increased  investments  in  calicoes  and  cotton  yarn,  ignormg 
the  murmurs  excited  by  their  importations  of  coral,  and  promoting 
crenerally  the  peaceful  passage  of  business.     At  the  request  of  the 
Persia  factors,  permission  has  been  accorded  to  a  merchant  from 
thence  to  proceed  to  Batavia  for  the  purpose  of  buying  China  ware 
and  rareties  for  the  King  of  Persia.     Licence  has  also  been  given  to 
some  natives  to  take  their  passages  to  and  from  that  place,  as  is 
customarily  allowed  by  the  Dutch.     Have  opened  the  Company  s 
letter  addressed   to  the   President   and  Council  at  Batavia,    from 
which  they  were  glad  to  hear  of  their  intention  of  removing  that 
factory      This  they  had  already  learnt  from  a  letter  left  by  the 
/..;.^.;;at  the  Cape,  which  was  dug  up  by  the  Dutch  General  Coen, 
and  after  perusal  handed  to  Captain  Hall.    They  are  rather  doubt- 
ful whether  they  ought  to  send  so  many  goods  to  Batavia  in  the 
circumstances.     Intend  to  require  the  early  return  of  the  Blessing 
with  pepper  (which  is  50  per  cent,  cheaper  at  Batavia  than  the 
Deccan  pepper  bought  here),  and  for  this  purpose  have  sent  Scuda- 
more  as  factor  in  the  ship.    Have  now  many  more  vessels  than  they 
can  lade,  as  sugar  and  saltpetre  are  scarce  and  dear.     'Only  cot^n 
wooU  (which  you  desire  not  much)  is  here  plentifull  to  be  had,  but 
will  never  be  proffitable   lading  except  stived  [compressed]  as  in 
Turkey  ;    which  if  you  enorder,  be  pleased  to  send  instruments  for 
itts  effecting.'     Hope  that  the  Company  will  augment  their  trade 
in  the  Far  East,  and  will  insist  on  separating  themselves  from  the 
Dutch  who'begin  now  to  reape  the  harvest  which  with  costlyexpence 
you  hive  a  long  time  sowne'.     In  answer  to  an  inquiry  regarding 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  213 

'  coffa  '  [coffee],  they  state  that  '  only  Mocho  and  the  places  adjacent 
doth  yeild  that  seede,  which  serveth  all  Turky^  Arabia,  Persia,  and 
India.  The  seede  is  usually  worth  there  mah[mudis]  10  or  11  per 
maen,  the  huskes  m[ahmudls]  5  or  6  ;  and  att  comming  of  shipps 
from  thence  itt  is  vallewed  here  according  to  the  scarsity  or  plenty, 
and  usually  sould  for  mah[mudTs]  15  the  seedes,  and  mah[mudls] 
8  or  9  the  huske,  both  which  are  usefull  in  making  the  drinke, 
though  the  one  be  better  and  dearer  then  the  other.  Of  each  we  have 
sent  you  a  sample  per  these  shipps'.  They  have  already  given 
their  opinion  about  London's  Hope.  '  Zela  '  [Zeila],  '  Barbara  ' 
[Berbera],  and  '  Magadoxa '  [Magadoxo,  in  E.  Africa]  have  not 
been  discovered,  but  shall  be  inquired  about  as  opportunity  occurs. 
Note  the  instructions  about  Jeronimo  de  Paiva,  '  whose  remon- 
strances of  sundry  places  we  have^also  considered  ' ;  they  will  ad- 
vise by  the  next  fleet  '  what  is  likly  to  be  performed  '.  Transmit 
Richard  Wylde's  answers  to  the  Company's  auditors  [see  p.  215]. 
Due  attention  will  be  paid  to  the  criticisms  from  home  on  their 
accounts,  &c.  Return  two  dollars  sent  as  '  musters'  [samples]  ;  these 
yield  most  profit  of  any  silver  coin.  '  In  landing  of  your  gould  we 
have  saved  the  custome  of  10,000/.,  and  purpose  hereafter  to  con- 
tinue the  same  course,  but  some  part  is  requisitt  to  be  passed  in 
custome  house  to  couler  the  rest.  What  the  former,  both  in  Amad- 
avad  and  this  factory,  did  yeild  the  accounts  of  either  will  shew  ; 
and  mongst  all  we  find  none  that  vends  readier  or  yeilds  more 
proffitt  then  twenty-shilling  peices  English  coyne.'  Send  the 
accounts  for  last  year  [i.  e.  1626]  duly  balanced  ;  those  for  this  year 
[1627]  are  not  balanced,  owing  to  the  Ahmadabad  and  Cambay 
accounts  being  in  arrear.  Agra  and  the  Court  are  still  the  tardiest, 
and  likely  to  be,  owing  to  Offley's  death  and  Bangham's  backward- 
ness. Have  sharply  reprehended  the  latter,  whose  neglect  has 
made  it  impossible  to  perfect  Sir  Francis  Crane's  account.  '  Your 
advised  caution  concerning  the  Dutch  shalbe  carefully  observed, 
experience  having  taught  us  how  farre  to  trust  them.  The  agree- 
ment twixt  us  for  the  assigned  rendevouz  lasted  but  one  yeare, 
which  was  cheifly  the  cause  of  our  sending  your  fleete  for  Mohelia 
last  yeare ;  wherfore  you  may  please  to  omitt  that  agreement  in 
your  future  instruccions.  How  we  shall  dispose  of  this  your  great 
fleete  wilbe  incertaine  untill   returne  of  your  shipps  from   Persia. 


214  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

The  Redd  Sea  would  yeild  somthing,  if  feare  of  after  question  in 
Constantinople  did  not  restraine.  The  Portugall,  if  God  gave  them, 
would  be  the  surest.  The  Mary,  &c.,  saw  a  carreck  and  a  carvell,^ 
which  was  all  the  supply  came  this  yeare  from  Lisbone,  but  could 
not  come  neare  them  ;  and  the  Palsgrave,  William,  &c.,  that  went 
to  seeke,  had  not  the  patience  to  awayte  so  much  as  one  day  in  the 
place  they  were  assigned  unto.  Our  hope  of  Muscatt  is  as  little, 
for  itt  is  poore,  and  the  Persian  is  not  to  be  trusted.'  Should  they 
resolve  to  send  the  fleete  to  Sofala  or  Mozambique,  dii"ections  will 
be  given  to  effect  a  junction,  if  possible,  with  the  ships  from  Eng- 
land ;  otherwise,  a  small  vessel  will  be  sent  to  the  Comoros  and 
St.  Augustine's  Bay  to  give  notice.  P.Sr  {Jamiary  12) — Intend,  if 
practicable,  to  send  home  the  William  on  her  return  from  Gom- 
broon, in  order  that  their  silk  may  come  to  market  before  the  Dutch. 
To  provide  further  lading,  they  are  about  to  dispeed  Captain  Hall 
to  Dabhol  to  procure  a  quantity  of  pepper.  Not  much  indigo  can 
be  expected,  as  that  at  Ahmadabad  is  dear,  while  that  at  Agra 
cannot  be  brought  down  without  great  hazard,  if  at  all.  The  pro- 
posed removal  of  the  factory  from  Batavia  has  induced  them  to 
lessen  the  amount  of  commodities  to  be  sent  thither.  Have  decided 
to  keep  back  all  goods  suitable  for  the  Red  Sea,  for  an  intended 
voyage  thither  this  year,  '  as  well  to  experience  the  Turks  farther 
purposes  as  to  procure  ready  money  for  provicion  of  goods  for  your 
home  returnes.'  Fifteen  or  sixteen  Dutch  sailors,  who  had  deserted 
from  the  fleet  that  went  to  Persia,  were  received  into  the  English 
ships,  '  for  the  better  restoring  them  unto  their  owne  masters  and 
prevent  their  running  away  unto  our  common  enemy  the  Portugall.' 
Van  den  Broeck,  the  Dutch  President,  demanded  their  surrender ; 
and,  this  being  refused,  '  used  many  depraving  and  immodest 
tearmes  aboard  your  owne  shipps  concerning  us.'  Thereupon  it 
was  decided  to  let  him  and  his  Council  do  what  they  pleased  about 
the  fugitives  ;  a  few  were  thereupon  persuaded  to  return,  and  the 
rest  ran  away.  Augmentation  of  wages  to  certain  men  taken  on 
shore  from  the  ships.     (27^//.) 

^  See  pp.  183,  1 85  ;  also  Herbert's  Travels  (ed.  1638),  p.  11. 

-  '  Aboard  the  Palsgrave  .  .  .  ready  to  sett  sayle  from  Sualy  Roade.' 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  215 

Nathaniel  Mountxey  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  President 
AND  Council  at  Surat,  January  6,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Siirat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  49c). 

Has  borrowed  from  'Santidas'  Rs.  10,000  at  one  per  cent,  per 
month,  with  promise  to  let  him  see  any  '  topha '  available.  This 
was  done,  partly  to  pay  some  creditors  who  were  clamouring  daily 
for  their  money,  and  partly  to  forestall  the  Dutch  in  their  invest- 
ment in  saltpetre,  of  which  there  is  but  a  small  quantity  available. 
Has  now  purchased  2,000  maunds  of  the  best  at  Rs.  i\  per  maund  ; 
and  could  have  another  thousand  at  the  same  price,  but  it  is  not  so 
good.   Begs  for  a  supply  of  money.  {Copy,  i  p.  Received  J  miliary  11.) 

Richard  Wylde's  Answer  to  the  Criticisms  of  the 
Auditors,  January  8,  1628  ^  {O.C.  1266). 

The  book  lettered  K  is  in  continuation  of  Mr,  James's  account, 
not  a  copy  of  it.  Some  apparent  differences  were  caused  by  James 
including  valueless  or  missing  goods,  since  written  off.  Details  of 
goods  lost,  stolen,  or  destroyed  as  rotten.  The  factories  will  be 
instructed  to  specify  the  goods,  money,  and  debts  forming  the 
balance  ;  and  not  to  use  fractions  smaller  than  a  pice.  Promises  to 
rewrite  and  correct  the  accounts  in  book  L  in  time  for  the  next 
shipping,  Mr.  Skibbow  having  been  appointed  to  enter  upon  the 
books  now  in  hand.  Excuses  the  mistakes  made  therein,  and  begs 
the  Company  to  have  them  rectified  at  his  charges  by  some  skilful 
accountant,     (i  p) 

James  Slade,  Master  of  the  Blessing,  at  Swally  to 
THE  Company,  January  8,  1628  {Brit.  Mus.  Egerton  MS.  2086, 
f.  107). 

In  his  letter  sent  last  year  by  the  Dutch  he  narrated  his  voyage 
from  England  and  safe  arrival  here  :  his  dispatch  to  Persia,  where 
he  arrived  January  18,  1627,  sailed  again  on  February  18,  and 
reached  Swally  on  March  9  :  and  the  intended  departure  of  the 
fleet  for  Batavia  and  thence  round  Madagascar  to  meet  the  ships 
from  England  and  capture  prizes.  Left  Swally  accordingly  on 
March  31,  1627,  and  ran  along  the  coast  as  far  as  Cochin,  but  met 

*  Enclosed  in  the  Surat  letter  of  January  4  (see  p.  213).  The  criticisms  had  reference 
to  the  accounts  sent  home  by  the  Great  Jaiiies  in  1626. 


2i6  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

with  nothing.     On  April  15  the  Morris  departed  for  Masulipatam. 
The  rest  arrived  at  Batavia  on  May  31,  except  the /'^/^^r^t;^,  which 
did  not  come  in  till  June  4.    Found  there  the  Exchange,  Christopher, 
Eagle,  and  Falcon,  while   the  Roebuck   was   at    Hector's    Island, 
trimming.     The  first-named  vessel  was  added  to  the  Surat  fleet, 
and  they  all  sailed  on  June  18.     They  rounded  the  southern  point 
of  Madagascar  on  July  22,  and  six  days  later  got  into  the  Bay  of 
St.  Augustine.     The  Exchange,  which  had  lost  company,  went  to 
Mohilla,  where    she   arrived   on  August    8.     The   rest   sailed   on 
August  I   and  got  to   Mohilla  nine   days  later.     On  August  28, 
finding  no  sign  of  the  fleet  from  England,  they  left  letters  for  them 
and  departed  for  Swally,  which  was  reached  on  October  5.     His 
ship  is  now  under  orders  for  Batavia.     Eight  Dutch  vessels  from 
that   port   arrived   at   Swally  on  November  9,  having  been  over 
three  months  on  their  voyage.     Captain   HalFs  fleet  came  in  on 
November  29,  with  crews  very  weak  and  sickly.     They  had  lost 
the  Scout  before  reaching  the  Comoros.     Just  before  the  coming 
of  these  ships  news  was  received  of  the  death  of  the  Great  Mogul. 
The  Dutch  sent  home  the  Dordrecht,  and  their  other  seven  vessels 
started  for  Persia  on  December  9.     Eight  days  later  they  were 
followed  by  the  William,  Exchatige,  Hart,  and  Star  (Mr.  Pashley 
commanding  her,  in  place  of  Mr.  Malim,  left  sick  at  Surat)  ;  '  the 
Lord  Cotton  with  Sir  Robert  Sherley  and  his  lady  being  all  in 
health  at  their  departuer,  the   Persian  embasador  only  dead  the 
night  they  arived  in  sight  of  us.'     '  There  hath  bin  som  conferrence 
in  consultation  about  a  place  of  fortification,  but  as  yett  nothing 
don  nor  resolved  on  where  or  when  it  may  be  don.    Londons  Hope 
hath  bin  named,  but  generally  held  unfitt,  in  regard  of  the  barranesse 
of  it,  there  being  nothing  to  be  had  fitt  for  mans  use,  much  lesse  for 
shiping;    but  an   excellent  good  harbour  it  is,  and  so  good  that 
a  better  could  not  be  desired.     For  Bumbay  wee  were  there  last 
yeare  with  our  6   ships  and  8  sayle  of  Dutch,  in  search  of  the 
Portingall  gallions,  but  found  them  not.     Here,  after  wee  had  bin 
before  it  24  howers,  the  comanders  being  aboard  of  us  resolved  to 
gee  with  all  our  bardges  and  boats  to  vew  the  place,  to  see  if  wee 
might  land  without  danger.     After  there  departuer  from  aboard  of 
us,  it  was  Mr.  Wills  his  fortune  and  myne  to  come  after  them  in 
our  shalloop,  and  after  our  departuer  from  our  ships  wee  espied 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  217 

a  boate  in  a  sandy  [  ]  to  the  westward  of  the  forte  ;  which 

boate  wee  resolved  to  fetch  of.  Coming  n[ear]  the  forte,  it  shott 
divers  times  at  us,  and  som  smale  shott  plaied  at  us  out  of  the 
comer  of  a  wood  where  the  boate  lay.  Notwithstanding,  wee  went 
aboard  of  her,  which  wee  found  to  be  one  ground,  and  the  people 
fledd ;  whereupon  wee  landed  and,  being  seconded  by  two  or  three 
boates  of  men  that  followed  us,  wee  martch  up  to  the  fort,  which 
was  left  voyde  unto  us.  Som  of  our  men  fired  a  house,  by  which 
accident  the  comanders  perceving  the  successe  came  ashore  unto 
us ;  where  wee  continued  all  night  and  till  next  day  in  the  evening, 
at  which  time,  the  whole  towne  and  fort  being  burnt  to  the  ground 
by  the  Dutch  and  us,  wee  departed.  This  towne  yealded  noe 
benifitt  to  us  nor  the  Dutch,  there  being  nothing  left  in  it  that  was 
worth  carradge,  except  it  were  salt  fish  and  rice,  which  was  con- 
sumed with  the  fier.  The  rest  of  there  goods,  in  regard  of  our  long 
being  before  before  [sic]  wee  had  landed,  they  had  conveyed  away. 
This  is  noe  good  place  to  winter  in,  it  being  open  to  the  westerly 
[  ]  and  noe  sucker  for  them  from  the  wether.     What  other 

place  there  [is]  in  this  sound,  which  is  deepe  and  undiscovered  by 
any  of  us,  to  winter  in  is  un[known]  to  all  us  then  that  were  there 
present.'  Dabhol  he  does  not  know  ;  and  the  Maldives  have  never 
yet  been  discovered  by  any  Englishman.  Thinks  some  skilful 
seaman  might  be  employed  to  examine  them  and  other  likely 
places.  Their  provisions  were  mostly  very  good,  though  the  casks 
were  exceedingly  bad.  A  leak  in  the  ship  gave  much  trouble  at 
first,  but  fortunately  it  was  discovered  at  Batavia  and  stopped. 
{Copy.     3  pp.     Endorsed  as  received  from  Ireland  on  October  2.) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Homeward  Voyage  of  the 
Discovery  (Marine  Records,  vol.  xliii.  p.  51). 

i6a8,  January  8.  The  Palsgrave,  Dolphin,  and  Discovery  came 
out  of  Swally  Hole.  Jamiary  12.  They  sailed  for  England. 
Jammry  14.  Two  boats  attacked  a  Portuguese  frigate,  but  were 
beaten  off,  with  two  men  wounded.  March  11.  Saw  land,  which 
proved  to  be  the  eastern  side  of  Madagascar.  April  20.  Made  the 
coast  of  South  Africa.  May  9.  Anchored  off  Cony  Island  \see 
p.  184].  May  12.  Got  into  Table  Bay,  where  they  found  the  Pals- 
grave and  Dolphin  ;  also  the  Dove,  bound  for  Bantam.     May  15. 


ai8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

A  Dutch  ship  from  Batavia  came  in.^  May  19.  Another  Dutch 
ship  arrived,  outward  bound  for  Batavia.  May  21.  The  three 
English  and  one  Hollander  sailed  for  Europe,  and  the  Dove  for 
Bantam.  June  13.  Anchored  at  St,  Helena.  June  15.  John 
Darby,  master's  mate,  died  and  was  buried  in  the  chapel.  Jjine  17, 
Sailed.  Juiie  24.  Saw  Ascension.  J7ily  3.  Crossed  the  Equator. 
July  9.  John  Johnson  died.  July  10.  John  Vian  was  made  master 
of  the  Discovery  in  his  place.  July  12.  John  Dubler  and  Walter 
Watson  appointed  mates  in  the  Discovery.  July  27.  Spoke 
a  Dutch  vessel  from  Brazil.  August  8.  The  Dutch  ship  Vianen, 
that  came  in  company  with  them  from  the  Cape,  supplied  the 
Discovery  with  rice  and  bread.  August  20.  Saw  the  Azores. 
August  24.  Spoke  a  Bristol  privateer,  under  Captain  Hull.  Septem- 
ber 12.  Saw  Cape  Clear,  in  Ireland.  At  a  consultation  it  was 
decided  to  continue  the  voyage,  though  the  crew  of  the  Palsgrave 
made  some  resistance,  refusing  for  a  time  to  work  the  vessel. 
Vian's  men  were  still  more  mutinous,  and  at  last  it  was  agreed  that 
the  whole  fleet  should  put  into  some  harbour.  September  13. 
They  anchored  in  Ventry  Bay.  October  8.  Sailed  again.  October  11. 
All  four  (including  the  Dutch  ship)  got  into  Cork  Harbour,  where 
three  of  the  ringleaders  of  the  mutiny  in  the  Discovery  were  turned 
ashore.  October  20.  Having  obtained  provisions,  they  sailed  again. 
October  25.  Reached  the  Downs.  October  27.  The  Morris  arrived. 
November  i.  The  four  ships  sailed.  November  14.  Reached  Erith. 
(41  //.) 

Abraham  Sayers's  Account  of  two  Cruises  in  the 
Hopewell  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  33). 

1628,  January  13.  Sailed  from  Swally  for  Daman,  'to  looke  for 
a  great  ship  that  was  built  there ;  and  when  we  came  there  she  was 
not  come  out  of  the  harbor.'  January  15.  About  a  hundred  frigates 
from  Cambay  went  into  Daman.  The  Hopeivell  and  Mary  stood  in 
as  near  as  possible  and  fired  at  them,  but  could  not  make  any 
prizes.     January  20.    Anchored  at  Swally  again.      Jarmary  24. 

1  The  Vzajieii,  belonging  to  the  fleet  which  left  Batavia  in  November,  1627,  under  the 
command  of  the  late  Governor-General,  Pieter  de  Carpentier.  She  had  lost  company 
with  the  rest  and,  having  been  blown  out  of  her  course,  had  coasted  about  two  hundred 
miles  along  the  northern  side  of  Australia  (see  Major's  Ear/j/  Voyages  to  Terra  Australis, 
pp.  Ixxxix,  45). 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  219 

Sailed  for  Dabhol,  'to  se  yf  we  cold  trade  there.'  \_S  ketch  of  coast 
near  'St.  Johnes'^^  January  28.  Reached  Dabhol.  \_SketcJi  of 
coast.^  January  30.  Sailed  again.  '  We  could  get  no  trade,  by 
reson  of  the  Portingales,  which  had  condiciond  one  with  the  other 
in  a  great  some  of  money  (as  we  were  told  by  them)  not  to  trade 
with  any  of  the  In[g]les.'  February  8.  Anchored  at  '  Donderoger- 
pore '  [Danda-Rajpurl].  '  For  the  knowledg  of  it,  you  shall 
have  an  iland  with  a  castle  upon  it  ;  you  shall  have  a  rock  on 
your  starbord  side  as  you  stere  in,  for  the  towne  lies  a  myle  from 
the  mayne.'  February  11.  Sailed.  \_Tzvo  sketches  of  the  coast.] 
February  12.  The  Hopewell,  with  Captain  Hall,  went  into  Bombay 
Road.  '  Your  course  lyes  to  steer  into  the  bay  WSW.  You  shall 
see  a  small  castell  on  your  larbord  side  ;  it  lyes  some  5  miles  of 
you  as  you  com  in  from  sebord.  We  went  in  within  shot  of  the 
castle,  for  they  have  2  or  3  peces  upon  it,  and  shot  at  us  2  or  3 
times  but  did  not  come  nere  us.  There  ar  a  great  manie  mones- 
taries  as  you  steer  into  the  bottome  of  the  bay,  and  salt  pans,  for 
they  make  salt  for  all  the  coast  alongst  Bombay.'  \_S ketch  of  coast.] 
February  14.  Left.     February  21.  Arrived  at  Swally.     (3I  pp.) 

Another  Account,  by  Peter  Andrews  in  the  Mary 
{Ibid.,  vol.  xlix.  p.   19). 

1628,  January  12.  The  Palsgrave,  Dolphin,  and  Discovery 
departed  for  England.  January  13.  The  Mary  and  Hopeivell 
sailed  for  Daman.  January  15.  Reached  Daman.  The  boats 
tried  to  cut  out  a  frigate,  but  she  was  too  close  to  the  fort.  The 
ships  fired  at  a  '  caffiloe '  of  frigates  arriving  from  Cambay. 
Jaiiuary  16.  Another  attempt  to  capture  some  of  them  failed ;  and 
thereupon  the  ships  sailed  for  Swally.  January  19.  Anchored 
near  that  place.  January  24.  The  Mary,  Blessing,  Hopewell,  and 
Refuge  set  sail.  January  27.  The  Blessing  parted  company.  Saw 
a  '  caffaloe  '  of  frigates,  with  a  ship  and  a  galley,  but  could  not  get 
near  them  for  want  of  wind.  January  28.  Anchored  off  Dabhol. 
January  30.  Seized  six  Malabar  junks,  but  released  them  next 
day.  February  i.  Two  boats  from  the  shore  brought  cattle,  &c., 
aboard.  February  2.  Sailed.  February  7.  The  Refuge  and  a  boat 
from  the  Mary  went  into  '  Dandaragapore  '.  February  8.  The  Mary 
moved  in  closer  to  shore.     February  9.  '  Wee  went  ashoare  uppon 


220  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

the  little  iland.  There  is  stones,  if  need  bee  to  ballast  your  shipp, 
and  oysters  in  abundance,  as  good  as  any  cann  bee.  The  country 
and  the  castle  bee  at  variance.  They  used  us  kindely  betvveene 
them.  Wee  had  three  bullocks  and  goates  from  the  maine,  and 
from  the  castle  two  great  bullocks  with  goats  and  henns.  It  seemes 
within  to  bee  a  most  brave  harbour  for  many  shipps.'  February  lo. 
Sailed  northwards  again.  Fehriiary  12.  'Steered  with  a  castle  and 
place  called  Mayne  [Mahim],  and  stood  in  within  4  myles  of  the 
castle ;  but  Bombaye  beeing  some  eight  myles  to  the  southward, 
and  wee  bownd  thither  to  discover  the  Baye,  and  the  Hopewell  gone 
in  before^  wee  bore  upp  for  it  about  one  a  clock,  the  wind  beeing 
then  at  NNW.  Wee  anchored  about  3  a  clock  in  the  afternoone  in 
7  fathom  of  the  westermost  point  of  the  going  in  of  Bombaye. 
You  must  not  come  soe  neere  as  3  or  4  myles  of  this  point,  for  it  is 
very  shoald  and  uneven  grownd,  for  it  is  rocks  ;  therefore,  when 
this  lowe  point  is  E.  or  E.  by  N.,  steere  awaye  SE.  till  you  have 
opened  the  Baye  and  brought  it  NE.  by  E.  You  must  open  the 
monastary  and  a  rownd  iland.  The  monastary  is  one  the  west 
side  of  the  lowe  land.  And  come  not  within  5  or  6  fathom  of  the 
maine  side  and  there  is  no  feare  when  the  lowe  point  of  the  going 
in  is  W.  or  W.  by  S.  You  may  anchor  within  the  baye  in 
7  fathom.  This  daye  at  3  a  clock  after  noone  wee  came  to  an 
anchor.  I  went  into  the  baye  with  the  barge  ;  and  comming  out, 
even  presently  after  soonesett,  beeing  then  in  4  foote  water  and 
uppon  the  very  sharpe  of  the  rocks,  wee  espied  5  friggotts  lye  close 
under  the  rocks  for  us,  not  little  above  muskett  shott  from  us.  Wee 
seeing  them  presently  bore  into  the  baye  againe  aboard  the  Refuge 
while  [.fzV]  the  mome '.  February  i-^^.  '  This  morning  I  came  aboard 
with  the  barge  ;  and  about  8  of  the  clock  the  Captain  went  in  with 
hir  and  the  Hopewell.  The  Refuge  and  the  barge  went  in  as 
farr  as  they  could  to  discover  the  baye,  and  fowmd  it  to  bee  a 
brave  harbour.'  February  14.  '  This  morning  the  barge  came 
aboard,  and  the  shipps  came  out,  and  soe  wee  sett  sayle.' 
February  18.  Passed  Daman.  February  21.  Anchored  in  Swally 
Hole.  February  24.  The  fleet  from  Persia,  consisting  of  the 
ExcJiange,  William,  Hart,  and  Star,  came  in  sight.  February  25. 
They  entered  the  Hole.     (5  //.) 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  321 

James  Slade,  aboard  the  Blessing  at  Swallv,  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  January  i-^,  1628  {Factory 
Records,  Sural,  vol.  cii.  p.  493). 

Regrets  the  errors  notified  in  the  letter  brought  by  Mr.  Rand. 
Knows  not  where  to  look  for  the  missing  bales,  and  is  loth  to 
upset  the  cargo  by  a  general  search.  Has  taken  aboard  the  Moors' 
goods  this  day,  together  with  all  the  provisions  ;  and  can  sail 
whenever  ordered  to  do  so.  Lead  put  on  board  the  Refuge.  This 
morning  stopped  a  boat  that  came  from  Cambay  with  the'  caphila' ; 
requests  instructions  for  its  disposal.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  January  16,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  494). 

In  obedience  to  their  orders  he  has  released  the  boat.  Sent  them 
a  letter  last  night  by  Mr.  Rand.     {Copy,     ^p.) 

Nathaniel  Mountney  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same, 
January  j6,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  499). 

Has  been  obliged  to  return  7,oco  of  the  rupees  borrowed  of 
'  Santidas ',  as  they  proved  '  to  bee  of  the  cauzanna  \_see  p.  33] 
and  therefore  unusefull  for  our  occasions,  in  reason  noe  mann  will 
receave  them  without  great  losse  \  With  the  rest  he  has  satisfied 
the  neediest  of  their  creditors,  and  'given  impresse '  for  the  salt- 
petre. Cannot  obtain  further  credit,  and  will  find  it  difficult  to 
carry  out  their  orders  to  buy  all  the  saltpetre  available  ;  however, 
he  has  taken  steps  to  secure  all  that  is  likely  to  be  ready  by  the 
time  the  ships  return  from  Persia.  Sends  two  samples  of  sugar, 
of  which  a  good  quantity  may  always  be  had  here  :  the  one  sort 
costs  36-1  rupees,  the  other  37,  per  ten  maunds  of  forty  seers, 
'without  disturie '  [see  p.  32].  Has  bespoken  500  maunds  of  the 
better  sort,  subject  to  their  approval.  The  gold  they  propose  to 
send  from  Surat  will  come  to  a  bad  market.  The  Dutch  have 
pawned  theirs,  to  take  up  money  at  interest,  rather  than  sell  at 
the  present  price.  Letters  dispeeded  to  Agra.  {Copy,  i^  pp. 
Received  January  20.) 


222  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

William  Minors,  aboard  the  Refuge  at  Swally,  to  the 
President  at  Surat,  January  i8,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Sjirat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  497). 

Lead  taken  on  board.  Most  of  the  goods  of  the  Mary  will  be 
laden  to-day,  but  he  cannot  find  room  for  those  of  the  frigate. 
Trusts  that  the  President,  '  whome  I  have  ever  found  my  worship- 
full  good  frend,'  will  bear  in  remembrance  the  wrong  Minors  formerly 
received.     {Copy.     ^  p.) 

James  Slade  at  Swally  to  the  Same,  January  18,  1628 
{/did.,  p.  497)- 

Protests  that  the  President  gave  him  verbal  orders  to  ship  the 
j\Ioors'  goods,  even  if  they  had  to  leave  out  Bastian's  [see  p.  223]. 
Regrets  the  misunderstanding,  and  offers  to  put  them  all  ashore 
again.  P.S. — The  Mary  and  Hopeivell  are  in  sight.  Enclosed: 
List  of  Moors' goods  aboard  the  j^/^'i-i'/;^^.     {Copy,     i^  pp.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  January  20,  1628  {/did.,  p.  499). 

Thanks  him  for  his  letter,  '  which  hath  satisfied  my  troubled 
mynde.'  Hopes  no  further  goods  will  be  sent  down,  as  the  ship 
is  stowed.  The  quicksilver  has  been  put  on  board  the  Mary. 
Messrs.  Predys  and  Jeronimo  have  gone  to  Surat.  Captain  Hall 
is  well,  and  sends  his  commendations.  The  ships  are  in  the  outer 
road.     {Copy.     \p) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,  and 
George  Page  at  Surat  to  the  President  and  Council  at 
Batavia  or  Bantam,  January  20,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Java, 
vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  439). 

Now  answer  their  letters  of  June  18  and  July  24,  the  former 
I  brought  by  the  Palsgrave  on  October  i,  and  the  latter  by  the 
Dutch  fleet  on  October  28.  Regret  to  learn  their  troubles  with 
I  the  Dutch,  and  the  absence  of  supplies  from  England.  Think  that 
the  only  remedy  for  the  exactions  of  '  thes  our  insulting  frinds ' 
(especially  as  Coen  has  again  been  sent  out  '  in  highest  authority ') 
lies  in  a  complete  separation  ;  and  trust,  therefore,  that  they  have 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


223 


effected  the  transfer  to  Bantam  ordered  by  the  Company.  Com- 
ment on  other  items  of  intelligence  from  Batavia.  Loss  of  weight 
in  cloves,  which  have  been  transmitted  to  England,  for  want  of 
purchasers  here.  Sandalwood  still  less  vendible.  Particulars 
of  goods  now  sent  on  the  Blessing,  at  a  cost  of  227,597  mahmijdis, 
8|.  Have  kept  back  part  of  the  intended  cargo  with  a  view  to  the 
dispatch  of  a  ship  to  the  Red  Sea.  If  a  small  vessel  would  be 
of  any  utility,  they  could  spare  them  the  Refuge,  of  about  80  tons, 
as  she  is  not  required  at  Surat.  '  Ouer  desier  of  uniting  forces 
with  the  Dutch  must  cease,  seing  they  are  scruplous  and  false. 
Our  owne  shipping,  by  Gods  favore  and  mercy,  will  (we  trust)  be 
sufficient  for  our  defence,  especially  now  that  His  providence  hath 
greatly  eased  us  of  that  care  by  the  losse  of  three  [of]  our 
ennemies  gallions  in  their  last  years  repaire  towards  Muscatt  and 
the  ev^ell  condition  of  three  others,  whom  a  storm  att  entrance  of 
the  westerly  munzone  cut  their  masts  by  the  board  and  ar  not  yett 
repaired.'  Useless  expenditure  at  Masulipatam  on  the  Abigail. 
Do  not  wonder  that  the  Company  are  discouraged  at  the  failure 
of  '  the  sotherne  trade ',  owing  to  the  oppressions  of  the  Dutch. 
Account  of  the  cruise  of  the  fleet  to  the  Comoros  last  year. 
Captain  Morton  has  been  allowed  the  same  rank  as  the  other 
commanders,  and  is  now  gone  for  Persia  with  the  Star  as  his 
vice-admiral.  They  hear  that  the  Morris  did  not  leave  Armagon 
till  August  14  ;  trust  she  has  safely  reached  them.  As  desired, 
have  taken  no  steps  to  recover  the  stores  lent  to  the  Dutch,  though 
'  their  prid  and  ingratitude  deserve  not  so  ample  courtesies  '.  Note 
the  piece  of  brass  ordnance  taken  out  of  the  William  for  presenta- 
tion to  the  King  of  Macassar.  Trouble  given  by  the  passengers 
on  the  fleet.  Express  surprise  that  they  have  not  yet  received  any 
account  of  the  bales  sent  on  behalf  of  certain  merchants  here. 
Have  now  allowed  the  latter  to  ship  three  servants  with  more 
goods ;  beg  that  they  may  be  well  treated,  as  their  masters  have 
it  in  their  power  to  hinder  much  the  Company's  affairs.  Will  in 
future  refuse  such  applications.  A  Persian  merchant,  recommended 
by  the  factors  in  Persia,  has  also  been  permitted  to  take  passage  in 
the  ship  ;  also  '  Sebastian  Fiorin  ^,  an  Itallian  of  antient  acquaint- 
ance ',  who  has  been  long  resident  here.    Request  that  the  proceeds 

'  For  whom  see  the  1618-21  volume,  pp.  223,  291,  where  he  is  called  P'iorino. 


234  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

of  the  goods  sent  in  the  Palsgrave  may  be  returned  to  Surat  in 
gold  by  this  ship.  Were  glad  to  hear  of  the  safe  arrival  in 
England  of  the  James  and  Jonas,  Doubt  not  that  they  have 
already  learned  that  the  Charles  and  Hart  have  also  got  home. 
'  We  have  sent  you  so  many  saylors  of  these  parts  [lascars]  as 
could  be  had,  intertained  for  two  yeres  stay  in  your  sirvice  after 
their  arivall  with  you.'  Slaves  may  no  doubt  be  got  at  the 
Comoro  Islands,  should  they  still  require  some.  The  Blessing 
will  spare  part  of  her  supply  of  biscuit,  if  necessary.  Private  trade 
is  increasing  ;  and  '  being  so  generall  a  case  some  assist,  most 
connive,  and  all  forbeare  inqueisicion  '.  The  President  and  Council, 
'  our  residence  being  so  farr  remote  from  the  Mareen,'  can  do  little 
to  stop  it,  and  until  the  Company  '  from  authority  of  state '  take 
more  active  measures,  it  cannot  be  checked.  Of  late  the  Gujaratis 
have  sent  few  ships  to  Achin ;  the  factors  there  resident  will  be 
best  able  to  advise  as  to  suitable  commodities.  '  Rarieties  we  have 
few  to  send ' ;  but  they  will  receive  some  Broach  baftas  for  use  as 
presents,  besides  some  '  fine  shashes  or  turbants  '.  The  dyers  here 
do  not  dye  such  purples  as  are  required.  A  case  of  satins  has  also 
been  forwarded,  and  cloth  of  gold  and  tapestry  would  have  been 
sent  had  it  been  certain  that  they  would  be  acceptable.  Some 
very  fine  dyed  calicoes  (and  possibly  some  white)  will  be  obtained 
and  dispatched  to  them  by  the  Dutch  ships.  The  Dutch  fleet 
mentioned  in  their  letters  reached  Swally  on  October  25  \sic\  and 
sailed  again  for  Persia  on  December  10.  A  few  days  after  the 
departure  of  these  ships,  sixteen  or  eighteen  of  the  Dutch  sailors 
presented  themselves  at  Swally,  and  begged  to  be  employed  in  the 
English  fleet.  It  was  at  first  decided  to  grant  their  request,  in 
order  to  prevent  their  running  away  to  the  Portuguese ;  but  on 
Van  den  Broeck's  peremptory  demand  this  intention  was  abandoned. 
Three  or  four  of  the  deserters  agreed  to  return  to  their  duty ;  the 
rest  refused,  swam  ashore,  and  fled.  Note  the  dispeeding  of  the 
Expedition  for  England.  Approve  '  your  propositions  for  the  con- 
tinuacion  and  increase  of  trade  in  those  parts ',  and  have  recom- 
mended them  to  the  favourable  consideration  of  the  Company; 
they  think  the  latter, '  if  the  Kings  Majestic  doe  afifoard  protexione, 
wilbe  induced  to  farther  tryal,  but  without  his  favore,  and  redresses 
of  the   Dutches  insulting,  your  trade  will  not  be  free,  and  con- 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  225 

sequently  unable  to  defray  so  great  a  charge  and  adventure ;  and 
so  not  only  that  but  this  also,  and  the  dependances  on  either,  will 
fall  togeather.'  Clark  and  Fisher,  master's  mates  in  the  Exchange, 
refuse  to  pay  the  amount  due  to  the  estate  of  the  late  '  Kudrian  '  ^ ; 
and  the  former  has  claimed  a  share  of  the  effects  on  behalf  of 
a  woman  whom  '  Kudrian '  had  betrothed  in  England  and  left  in 
Clark's  house.  The  matter  shall  be  further  considered  on  his  return 
from  Persia.  Captain  Morton  avers  that  he  gave  satisfaction  for 
the  money  owing  to  Barlow,  and  that  this  is  known  to  Messrs. 
Muschamp  and  Steel.  If  the  amount  alleged  to  be  due  from 
Clark  and  Fisher  is  payable  in  England,  it  cannot  be  demanded 
here.  '  Itt  is  also  our  custome  to  bring  deceased  mens  estate  to 
the  Companies  account,  according  to  their  order  ;  as  latly  we  have 
done  our  house  stewards.'  The  latter  had  an  adventure  with 
Gabriel  Kennicot,  purser's  mate  of  the  Christopher ;  request  that 
the  proceeds  may  be  recovered  from  Kennicot,  and  remitted  to  the 
Company.  The  fleet  from  England,  consisting  of  the  Mary,  Hart, 
Star,  Hopewell,  and  Refuge,  arrived  on  November  30.  They  had 
lost  the  Scotit  near  the  Comoro  Islands,  and  nothing  has  been 
heard  of  her  since.  The  William,  Exchange,  Hart,  and  Star 
sailed  for  Persia  on  December  16,  *  and  in  them  an  embasadore 
from  the  Kings  Majestie  to  the  King  of  Persia,  with  Sir  Robeart 
Sherley  and  his  lady ;  but  the  Persian  embassadore  lived  only  to 
se  the  coast  of  India  and  then  dyed.  The  cavidall  for  Persia  was 
farr  lesse  then  is  there  expected,  and,  in  regard  of  late  contracts 
with  the  King  for  the  importing  as  well  of  spetie  as  comodities,  in 
lieu  of  content  will,  wee  feare,  give  distast.  To  us  they  were  more 
ample,  and  yettall  to  little,  our  ingagements  before  theire  arivall 
exeding  35,000/.  sterling ;  whereby  we  have  by  Gods  providence 
returned  the  Palesgrave,  Dolphin,  and  Discovery  full  laden,  who  set 
sayle  from  hence  in  company  the  12  current,  and  we  hope  the 
Lord  will  send  them  to  arive  seasonably  at  home.  The  Dutch 
sent  one  shippe,  and  gave  her  dispatch  30  dayes  before  ours  could 
be  ready,  through  an  unhappie  accident  of  fier  that  partly  caused 
their  detencion  by  discharg  of  more  than  300  bales  [of]  goods  from 
the  Palsgrave ;  wherein  Gods  judgment  was  threatned  for  our 
sinnes,  but  revoked  through  His  mercy e,  even  as  they  were  redie 

'  Also  called  '  Elias  Kudryan '  (see  p.  276,  and  the  Court  Minutes  of  August  27,  1628). 

FOSTER    III  O 


226  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

to  cut  cable  in  the  haulse  and  runn  her  on  shore.     Other  dis- 
traccions  hapned    before  and    since  the  same   time   through   the 
Grand  Mogull  his  discease ;   for  sundry  compettitors  aymmge  at 
the  succession,  and  non  of  them  as  y[e]tt  accepted  in  generall,  gave 
liberty  to  each  to  gather  head,  and  ill  humores  of  the  land  to 
breake  out ;  and  yet  not  in  so  great  measure  as  might  well  have 
beene  expected  in  so  large  a  continent,  for  the  chieff  citties  and 
townes  are  kept  in  quiett ;   only  petty  robberies  disquiet  passengers 
and  hinder  trade.     The  said  King  deaseased  in  his  retume  from 
Cashmer  to  the  more  temperat  clyments  [sic]  of  his  kingdome  the 
first  of  November  last ;  whoe  having  a  sonne  called  Sheriare,  then 
at  Lahore,  whether  the  King  was  journying,  that  had  marryed  the 
daughter  of  the  predominate  Queene,  he  seised  the  citty,  castell, 
and  treasure  therein,  and  littell  doubted,  with  the  assistance  of  his 
mother-in-law  and  freinds,  to  have  attained  the  kingdome  also. 
But  the  ould  Kings  counselore  [sic],  having  other  ends,  sett  up  and 
supported  his  grandchild  Bullaquee,  being  indubitate  heire  accord- 
ing to  the  customes  of  most  nations,  although  his  father  weere 
murthred  some  yeares  sine  by  a  third  brother,  Sultan  Charoom, 
that  with  a  puisant  army  sought  also  to  subvert  his  owne  father, 
wherin  he  not  only  fayled  but  was  expulsed  his  fathers  territories, 
and  lived  on  the  frontiers  of  Decan,  not  many  dayes  journy  from 
this  place,  greatly  dejected,  untill  of  late  that  the  second  brother, 
Sultan  Parveis,  deceased  in  Brampoore,  and  a  discontented  noble- 
man, Mahobett  Chan,  whoe  had  been  the  only  preserver  of  the  ould 
King  and  persecuter  of  this  Prince,  through  irreconsileable  diffe- 
renc  with  the  Oueene  adhered  unto  him  in  his  extreamest  neede ; 
which  with  the^assurance  of  frinds  in  court,  gave  him  incurragment 
againe  to  demand  the  kingdome.     He  cam  first  hither,  and  was 
aftter  reacevied  in  Amadavad,  the  head  cittye  of  this  province  ; 
whenc  he  is  proceeded  towards  Agra  and  DiUee,  the  royall  seate ; 
whilest   the   grandchild,    assisted   by   the   nobles   aforementioned, 
fought  with   Sheriar  and  overcame  him  in   battaill,  and  is  in  all 
liklyhood  with  devices  (being  a  youth)  deteined  in  Lahoare  with 
the  title  of  a  King,  only  that  Charoom  may  peacablely  enter  Agra 
and  posses  himself  of  the  infienite  treasure  and  royaltyes  of  the 
kingdome,  there  constantly  reserved.'     Have  not  yet  decided  upon 
the  disposal    of   the   fleet   when   it   returns    from    Persia.     Their 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  227 

present  idea  is  to  send  home  the  William  towards  the  end  of 
the  year  with  the  silk  expected  from  that  country  and  some  Indian 
goods.  The  Exchange  and  the  Blessing,  both  of  which  are  old  and 
have  been  long  in  the  Indies,  they  propose  to  dispatch  together 
to  England  next  year  '  at  a  good  season '  ;  but  they  are  short  of 
means  to  procure  lading  for  them,  and  must  therefore  press  for 
a  speedy  return  for  the  commodities  now  sent.  In  any  case  they 
expect  to  have  this  ship  returned  with  a  lading  of  pepper  ;  '  which 
indeed  were  necesarye  to  be  sent  us  yerely  in  like  quantetie  to  stow 
amongst  our  bales,  in  that  we  here  doe  paye  for  the  pepper  of 
these  parts  50  per  cento  more  then  itt  is  worth  with  you — an 
intollerable  losse,  seing  itt  might  well  be  saved  if  there  were  dew 
correspondence  from  you  to  us  ;  wherin  if  you  fayle,  a  greater 
prejudice  will  also  follow,  for  wee  shalbe  constrayned  to  send  the 
Exchange  unto  you  to  seeke  her  lading,  whoe  in  case  of  your 
performance  shalbe  the  first  of  our  care  to  dispeed  from  hence.' 
To  further  the  early  disposal  of  the  cargo  of  the  Blessing  they 
have  sent  Edward  Scudamore  as  merchant  of  her  ;  but  he  is  to 
return  to  Surat  in  her  without  fail.  '  We  shalnot  be  wanting  to 
your  future  supply,  if  you  accomplish  with  us  ;  whereas  otherwise 
you  will  receave  no  more  commodities  from  hence  untill  expresly 
inordered  by  the  Company.'  They  have  stowed  in  the  Discovery 
5,000  maunds  of  Bantam  pepper,  which  they  bought  from  private 
traders  in  the  fleet  at  12  mahmudls  the  maund.  At  this  price  the 
sellers  gained  nearly  40  per  cent.,  which  might  have  been  saved 
had  a  supply  been  provided  on  the  Company's  account.  Will  be 
glad  to  send  them  any  ships  they  may  require,  either  great  or 
small.  P.S.  (23rd) — Have  now  put  on  board  the  Blessing  twelve 
pieces  of  fine  narrow  calicoes  from  Broach,  and  will  dispatch  the 
same  number  of  fine  blues  by  the  Dutch  ships.  Inquire  what  sorts 
of  '  shashes '  they  want.  Forward  '  two  written  books  sent  forth 
by  the  Honorable  Company,  one  entittuled  the  Dutch  Remonstranc, 
and  thother  the  English  answer,  both  concerning  the  butchery  of 
our  people  at  Amboyna '}  A  packet  of  letters  for  various  individuals 
is  also  sent.     {Copy.     15//.) 

^  For  these  two  pamphlets  see  the  Calettdar  of  State  Papers,  East  Indies,  16^5-29, 
pp.  306,  308,  &c. 

Q  a 


228  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  Robert  Clitherow, 
Ralph  Cartwright,  and  John  Goodwin  at  Agra  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  January  21,  1638  {Factory 
Records^  S?erat,  vol.  cii.  p.  514). 

Have  bought   193  fardles  of  indigo  at  32^   to   ^iS   rupees  per 
maund,  and  would  gladly  have  taken  all  the  old  indigo  remaining 
(250  fardles),  but  the  owners  demand  ready  money.     The  Dutch 
too  would  have  bought  it,  but  they  are  deeply  indebted  for  50° 
fardles  already  purchased  and  cannot  get  credit  ;  it  is  said  that 
they  have  orders  to  buy  1,000.     The  arrival  of  their  ships  before 
the  English  has  given  them  a  great  advantage.     Hope  to  borrow 
enough  money  to  buy  saltpetre  and  sugar.     Clement  will  remain 
here,  as  ordered.     Cartwright's  time  is  expired,  but  he  is  willing 
to  continue  if  his  salary  of  24/.  per  annum  be  increased  to  at  least 
60/.  '  and  augmenting '.     Clitherow  is  inclined  to  go  to  Surat ;  and 
Bangham  and  Goodwin   will    take   the   caravan  thither.     Fear  it 
cannot  start  '  untill  Corooms  arrivall  within  this  cittie  ;  who  was 
proclaimed    King  here  the   7th  current,  amraws^  from  all  parts 
repairing  to  him  ;  who  some  four  dales  past  was  in  Asmeere,  not 
yet  certenlie  knowne  whither  hee  will  come  first  for  this  place 
or  thence  to  Dillie ;    questionles  after  hither,  if  not  before.     The 
[visit  of  the  ?]  Presedent  with  the  monies  lent  the  King  cannott 
chuse  butt  bee  a  great  furtherance  to  all  our  masters  affaires  in  these 
parts^  having  made  way  for  us  all  by  laying  hould  on  so  good 
oportunitie'.     Were  glad  to  hear  of  the  arrival  of  the  ships.     On 
receiving  a  list  of  the  goods  they  brought,  word  will  be  sent  what 
is  likely  to  sell  here.     Cloves  are  now  138  Jahangir  rupees  per 
maund.      Think    that  jewels,   broadcloth,    tapestry,   and    mercery 
wares  would  sell  if  the  court  settles  in  this  city.     '  Donge,'  their 
linguist,  is  paid  '^6  rupees  per  month.    Beg  a  speedy  supply  of  money 
to  pay  their   debts,  as  the  charges  for  interest  are  heavy;    also 
for  the  purchase  of  indigo  and  other  goods.     About  50,000  rupees 
will  be  required  in  all.      Consider  that  the   caravan    had   better 
go  by  way  of  Burhanpur,  under  the  charge  of  a  peon,  unless  it 
be  thought  essential  to  send  one  of  the  factors.     P.S.   (23rd) — 
*  Understanding  of  Shaw  Jehaun  his  neere  approach  to  the  cittie 

^  Nobles  (Arabic  umard,  pi.  oiamir). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  aaQ 

Agra,  wee  addressed  ourselves  to  meet  him,  carrying  with  us  a 
small  present  (being  on  the  22th  present)  ;  and  some  nine  course 
of  the  cittie,  attending  His  Majesties  coming  out  of  a  garden, 
wee  weare  fortunatelie  admitted  to  his  presence,  and  the  present 
by  him  accepted  to  our  great  content,  especiallie  in  regard  wee 
weare  the  first  Christians  that  saluted  him  or  mett  him  att  his 
coming  hither,  noe  other  as  yet  having  had  the  like  benefitt 
or  opportunitie.  Att  the  delivery  of  the  foresaid  present  Meir 
Moza  (as  then  unknowne  to  us)  was  by  his  pallenkeen,  who  taking 
notice  of  us  spake  in  our  behaulfes,  promising  to  assist  us  in 
whatsoever  wee  should  have  occasion  to  use  him.  The  next 
morning,  being  the  23th,  hee  with  his  trayne  verry  sumptuoslie 
came  into  the  cittie,  not  going  to  the  castle  but  to  his  former 
pallace,  which  is  neer  unto  the  riverside.^  Wee  intend  this  next 
day  following  to  vissitt  Mauhobet  Caun,  now  called  by  the  name 
of  Caun  Chaunna,^  who  (as  it  is  reported)  is  to  governe  towards 
Brampore.'  Intend  to  solicit  a  farman  for  the  caravan,  which 
will  start  in  ten  days,  whether  the  Dutch  are  ready  or  not.  Fear 
that  the  dispatch  of  new  governors  to  the  various  provinces  may 
cause  some  difficulty  in  procuring  camels.  Will  advise  them  of  the 
departure  of  the  caravan  in  due  course.  {Copy.  4  pp.  Received 
February  15.) 

Joseph  Hopkixson,  Nathaniel  West,  Nathaniel  Wyche, 
AND  William  Fremlen  at  Broach  to  the  Same,  January 
21,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  5C0). 

After  leaving  them  '  att  the  river  of  Bereau  '  -^  on  Saturday  night 
they  on  the  following  day  in  the  evening  crossed  the  '  river  of 
Baroch '  [the  Narbada].  Lodged  in  the  customhouse  for  the  night, 
and   to-day    cleared   their   goods,    depositing   those   intended    for 

*  Apparently  this  building  has  not  been  identified.  De  Laet  (p.  277)  says  that  Shah 
Jahan  '  in  proprio  palatio,  quod  loco  amoenissimo  ad  ripas  Gemenae  flu.  condiderat, 
tantisper  subsedit,  donee  auspicato  die  in  arcem  ingrederetur,  et  thronnm  regium 
occuparet '. 

*  MIrza  Khan,  Khankhanan,  had  died  a  short  time  before ;  and  the  title  was  now  trans- 
ferred to  Mahabat  Khan,  in  recognition  of  his  services  to  the  new  emperor. 

'  1  he  Tapti.  Variao  is  on  the  northern  bank,  about  three  mOes  from  Surat  on  the  road 
to  Broach. 


230  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Cambay  and  Ahmadabad  in  the  '  seraglia  V  and  handing  over 
to  Mr.  Martin  those  for  Broach  and  Baroda.  Think  Tottle  might 
be  employed  in  other  duties.  Intend  to  start  to-morrow  '  by  way 
of  Bilparr ',-  after  bribing  the  customs  official  not  to  examine  their 
packages.  Having  opened  a  letter  from  Ahmadabad  mentioning 
that  gold  is  in  disesteem  there,  Hopkinson  and  West  propose 
to  dispose  of  their  stock  in  Cambay,  keeping  their  rupees  for 
the  former  place.     {Copy.     \  p.     Received  January  22) 

William  Martin  and  Jeremy  Shuker  at  Broach  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  Januarv  23,  1628  {Factory 
Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  501). 

Hopkinson,  Martin,  and  the  rest  arrived  in  safety  with  their 
goods.  Yesterday  Hopkinson  and  West  left  for  Cambay  and 
Ahmadabad,  and  Richard  Southaike  started  for  Baroda.  Of 
his  money,  10,000  mahmudis  were  made  over  by  exchange,  and 
the  remaining  2,000  he  took  with  him.  The  markets  here  are  very 
'slender'  and  cloth  is  dear,  as  not  only  the  Dutch  are  buying, 
but  also  brokers  of  this  town  are  investing  for  Mokha.  Have 
purchased  500  pieces  of  narrow  bafta  and  200  broad  cloths,  besides 
60  or  70  maunds  of  cotton  ;  for  the  rest  they  are  waiting  till  prices 
fall.  The  Governor  has  not  yet  returned  from  Jambusar.  {Copy. 
I  /.     Received  January  24.) 

Nathaniel  Mountney  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same, 
January  23,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  503). 

Particulars  of  the  investment.  '  Chuppra  lack  '  [chapra  lakh  : 
shell-lac]  is  plentiful,  but  money  must  be  given  beforehand  for 
its  refining.  Sends  samples  of  '  russlack  [ras  lakh  :  crude  lac]  and 
that  upon  sticks '  ;  the  price  of  the  former  is  3^,  and  that  of 
the  latter  is  3,  rupees  per  maund.  Samples  are  also  forwarded  of 
Sarkhej  indigo,  one  lot  being  priced  at  14  to  15  rupees  per  maund, 
the  rest  at  about  75  rupees  per  fardle  of  four  maunds  and  seven  seers. 
There  is  also  some  old  indigo  to  be  had.  Will  provide  quilts  and 
green  ginger,  as  ordered.  Refers  to  his  former  letter  regarding 
saltpetre  and  sugar.     Jam  Quli  Beg  arrived  four  days  ago  and  is 

^  The  saral  or  lodging-house  for  travellers. 

'  Possibly  Bhilapur,  lo  miles  south-east  of  Baroda. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  231 

expected  to  leave  shortly.  No  news  from  Agra.  The  Dutch 
are  buying  freely.  They  report  that  an  English  caravan  has  started 
from  Surat.     {Copy.     \\pp'     Received  J aimary  2(^.) 

Richard  Barber  at  Baroda  to  the  Same,  January  27,  1628 
{Ibid.,  p.  502). 

Southaike  arrived  on  the  24th,  bringing  in  bills  and  cash  12,000 
mahmudis.  The  vest  of  satin  has  been  duly  received,  and  will 
be  kept  till  an  opportunity  occurs  for  its  presentation.  Will 
proceed  with  the  investment,  trusting  to  receive  a  further  supply  of 
money  at  their  convenience.  '  Report  saith  the  Prince  is  advanced 
beyond  Adgmeere,  but  goeth  slowly  on,  as  doubting  his  entertayne- 
mente.'     ( Copy.    |  p.    Received  January  39.) 

William  Martin  and  Jeremy  Shuker  at  Broach  to  the 
Same,  January  30, 1628  {Ibid.,  p.  505). 

The  Dutch  are  still  buying,  but  only  '  narrow  cloth '.  This  is 
some  hindrance  to  the  English  investment.  Have  forwarded  the 
Surat  letter  to  Southaike,  who  has  reached  Baroda  safely.  Fear 
they  cannot  make  any  remittance  to  that  place,  as  the  40,000 
mahmudis  received  have  already  been  mostly  spent  and  a  further 
supply  will  soon  be  needed.  Propose  to  provide  500  bales  of 
cotton  yarn.  Cost  of  the  fine  narrow  baftas  recently  supplied  ; 
more  will  be  sent  shortly.  The  Governor  has  not  yet  returned, 
but  this  they  do  not  regret,  because,  although  he  is  a  good  man, 
'  hee  hath  a  wicked  company  about  him,  who  when  they  are  here 
are  still  troubling  of  our  people.'  {Copy.  i|  pp.  Received 
January  31.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel 
Wyche,  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same, 
January  31,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  507). 

Announce  their  arrival.  Called  on  the  way  at  Cambay  ;  and 
finding  that  their  gold  could  only  be  got  rid  of  at  a  sacrifice,  they 
have  brought  it  on.  Letters  received  here  from  Ajmer,  written 
a  fortnight  ago,  aver  that  '  Caroom  is  certainly  entred  Agra,  and 
that  peace  is  made  twixt  him  and  Dower  Bux  [Dawar  Bakhsh], 


2S2  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  whome  hee  hath  sent  his  daughter  for  marriage  and  hath  given 
him  Sucker  and  Bucker  and  some  other  province[s?]  adjoyning, 
with  the  pay  of  40  thowsand  horse.^  It  is  also  said  that  many 
Rashboats  [Rajputs]  are  joyned  with  Caroom,  who  formerly  held 
of  for  feare  of  Mauhobett  Caun.  This  cittie  is  in  quiett  estate, 
Naer  Caun  being  Govemour,  Mirza  Muckey  Dewan  [sec  p.  189], 
and  Caphaiett  Caun^  Buckshee  [Bakhshi].  What  money  is  coyned 
in  this  towne  bares  the  stampe  of  Shawselim,^  by  the  Princes 
owne  order  att  his  being  here,  till  hee  bee  crowned  in  Dillie ;  so 
that  the  quoyning  of  money  in  Surrat  under  his  name  is  affirmed 
to  bee  done  by  the  Governour  there  without  his  order  ;  neither  will 
they  passe  here  without  some  losse  '.  Their  creditors  are  clamorous 
for  payment,  but  all  the  supply  now  brought  will  not  suffice  for  this 
purpose ;  urge  a  further  remittance,  as  goods  cannot  be  bought 
except  for  ready  money.  Indigo  has  risen  in  price ;  this  year's 
crop  at  Sarkhej  is  estimated  to  make  8,000  maunds.  Had  intended 
to  keep  the  '  ablucks  '  ^  for  sale  here,  as  ordered  by  the  President ; 
but  their  '  cavellerous  '  ^  refused  to  return  without  them  and  so 
the  point  has  been  yielded.  P.S. — '  It  is  reported  by  some  that 
have  scene  certaine  letters  written  Naer  Caun  and  Caphaett  Caun 
by  their  intelligencers  in  Bullochies  court  that  Caun  Conna,^ 
Mauhobet  Cauns  eldest  sonne,  comyng  in  the  Kings  presence  and 
finding  Assaph  Caun  setting  with  him,  omitted  the  customable 
salam'^  and  so  returned  ;  whereat  the  King  admiring  sent  for  him 
back  againe  and  demanded  the  reason  thereof;  to  whome  hee 
answered  hee  knew  not  to  whome  to  salam,  Assaph  Caun  and  hee 
sitting  togeather,  urging  that  if  hee  weare  King  why  Assaph  Caun 
should  sitt  and  all  the  rest  of  the  ambraws  [see  p.  228]  stand, 
and  wherefore  any  such  difference  should  bee  in  acknowledgemente 
of  their  duties  ;  and  after  some  further  interchange  of  speech [e]s 
demanded  of  Assaph  Caun  who  hee  thought  was  King,  who  answered 

*  This  was  all  false. 

2  Kifayat  Khan  (see  the  1622-23  volume,  p.  218). 

^  Shah  Sallm,  i.  e.  Jahangir.     The  reference  to  the  premature  coining  of  money  at 
Surat  in  the  name  of  Shah  Jahan  is  interesting. 

*  Arabic  ablaq,  a  piebald  (horse). 
'  Portuguese  cavalleiro,  a  rider. 

^  This  seems  to  be  a  mistake  for  Khanazad  Khan  (see  note  on  p.  204).     The  writer 
has  confused  him  with  his  father,  the  Khankhanan  (p.  229). 
■^  Salutation  (Arabic  ja/<iw,  'peace')- 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  233 

Shaw  Jehaun  ;  and  when  Caun  Conna  replied  againe  that  they  had 
all  taken  their  oaths  to  the  contrary  to  the  deceased  King,  Assaph 
Caun  answered  that  their  promise  was  performed  and  that  they  had 
acknowledged  him  [i.  e.  Dawar  Bakhsh  (Bulaqi)]  for  King ;  but, 
saith  hee,  in  one  moneth  hee  hath  given  away  32  leeks  of  rup[ees], 
which  should  have  been  preserved  for  other  uses,  and  that  hee 
was  to  young  to  govern  so  large  territories  ;  and  withall  shewed 
him  his  father  Mauhobett  Cauns  letter  in  behaulfe  of  Caroom,  and 
demanded  if  hee  had  more  understanding  then  his  father ;  to  which 
hee  answered  that  if  his  father  runn  a  contrary  course  his  sword 
should  bee  the  first  upon  him.  And  so  repairing  to  Bullockie 
(much  dejected  and  cast  downe)  into  a  private  chamber,  asked  him 
if  hee  saw  his  owne  danger,  and  tould  him  hee  would  bee  putt 
in  irons  within  a  few  dales  if  hee  prevented  it  not ;  and  therefore 
betwixt  them  concluded  that  hee  should  alwaies  goe  three  course 
behinde  Caun  Conna,  and  to  prevent  future  prodigallitie  hee  should 
resolve  with  himselfe  to  bee  more  frugall  in  expences  and  more 
sparing  in  gifts.  They  are  now  said  to  bee  advanced  on  this  side 
Dillie,  being  neere  80,000  horse  and  a  greater  nomber  of  foote. 
Caroom  is  said  to  bee  a  daies  journey  or  two  beyond  Adgmere, 
having  not  above  15,000  horse,  and  (as  it  is  whispered)  upon 
returne  hither  againe ;  whome  Naer  Caun  and  Caun  Jehaun  (as 
some  say)  doe  intend  to  resist  and  incounter,  now  they  see  fortune 
is  averse  to  him,  Naer  Caun  being  sorry  hee  was  the  cause  of  his 
comyng  hither,  seing  the  event  proves  noe  better.  Caun  Jehaun 
to  this  purpose  hath  sent  his  eldest  sonne  to  Baroch,  and  in  all 
jaggeers  [^jagirs]  of  his  in  this  province,  even  in  Nariad,  the 
dawy  ^  [?]  of  Bullockie  is  used.'  {Copy.  i\  pp.  Received  Febru- 
ary 6.) 

Nathaniel  West  at  Broach  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  February  i,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Snrat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  507). 

He  and  Hopkinson  reached  Cambay  on  Friday  last.  The  latter 
did  not  stop,  but,  having  received  from  West  the  '  double  pistoletts ' 

1  Mr.  Beveridge  thinks  that  this  is  the  Arabic  dawd,  '  a  call  or  invocation,'  meaning 
that  in  the  khutba  (see  p.  240)  the  name  of  Bulaqi  (Dawar  Bakhsh)  was  used  as  that  of 
the  reigning  sovereign. 


234  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

[sec  p.  156],  returned  to  his  company  and  proceeded  by  way  of 
'  Mateer  '  [Matar,  near  Kaira]  to  Ahmadabad.  Having  finished 
his  business  in  Cambay,  West  left  in  company  with  the  Dutch,  and 
has  just  arrived  here.  Will  send  his  accounts  in  a  few  days. 
Requests  instructions  about  some  knives.  Robert  Tottle  should 
be  credited  with  s^  rupees.     {Copj^.     |/.    Received  Febniary  3.) 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  Robert  Clitherow, 
Ralph  Cartwright,  and  John  Goodwin  at  Agra  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  February  i,  1638  {Factory 
Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  519). 

Have  received  the  letter  of  credit  for  20,000  rupees,  but  find  it 
useless  ;  for  one  thing,  Virji  Vora's  wakil  has  no  money  to  lend  at 
present ;  and  for  another,  when  he  has,  he  will  exact  three,  if  not 
four,  per  cent. 'bottowe'  [Hind,  bat  ta,  '  d\sco\xr\t'  or  'difference  in 
exchange '],  which  is  far  too  high.  Beg  that  bills  of  exchange  may 
be  sent  instead.  ^  Wee  are  counselled  by  Meir  Moza  and  other 
frends  not  to  stirr  with  our  caphila  untill  Shaw  Jehaun  hath  sett  on 
his  royall  tackt  [Pers.  takht,  a  throne],  which  is  intended  the  4th 
present;  hoping  then,  through  the  sending  his  amraws  [see  p.  228] 
abroad  to  settle  the  kingdome,  the  wayes  wilbee  passable,  which  att 
present  are  so  dangerous  hereabouts  that  noe  mann  dares  adventure. 
Here  are  great  quantities  of  goods,  besides  many  people,  that  attend 
an  opportunitie  of  sending,  not  onlie  for  Guzeratt  and  Brampore, 
but  all  other  parts.  Wee  for  our  parts  will  goe  with  the  first.' 
{Copy.     'i-hpP-     Received  February  %o.) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
at  Broach  to  the  Same,  February  5,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  S\o). 

Have  received  their  bills  for  5,500  mahmudls,  but  need  more 
money,  '  our  marketts  being  now  quick.'  Cotton  yarn  is  about  the 
same  price  as  last  year  ;  they  will  buy  500  maunds.  Will  take  care 
in  the  bleaching,  drying,  and  packing  of  the  cloth.  The  fine 
narrow  baftas  required  for  the  southwards  have  been  bought,  and 
will  be  '  putt  out  to  dying '.     {Copy.     \  p.     Received  February  6) 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  235 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mouxtxey,  Nathaniel 
Wyche,  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the 
Same,  February  6,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  511). 

As  for  their  English  gold,  the  highest  offer  here  is  io\  and  22^ 
mahmudls  for  the  20s.  and  22s.  pieces,  whereas  at  Surat  they  were 
worth  about  22  and  24  mahmudls  ;  so  they  intend  to  return  them 
if  they  can  get  other  money  instead,  though  the  solicitations  of  their 
creditors  are  incessant.  Beg  an  early  remittance.  Provision  of 
gum-lac,  quilts,  conserves,  saltpetre,  &c.  '  The  reason  of  this  un- 
expected cheapnes  of  gold  is  partelie  through  the  quantitie  of 
sunneas  ^  latelie  quoyned  and  resting  unsould  in  menns  hands,  the 
danger  of  the  way  twixt  this  and  Agra  also  deterring  transporta- 
cion  ;  but  principallie  that  here  are  now  noe  great  menn  who  buy  it 
upp,  as  in  the  tyme  of  Scieff  Caun  and  Caun  Jehauns  people.  It  is 
also  supposed  by  many,  and  not  without  reason,  that  Shaw  Jehaun 
wilbee  King,  Agra  being  yeilded  unto  him,  with  the  castle ;  for 
which  cause  upon  its  newes  the  Govemour  here  three  dales  since, 
vizt.  on  Satterday  last,  comanded  the  Kings  nobutts  ^  to  bee  beaten 
upp  ;  and  if  hee  bee  King  hee  will  have  noe  need  of  gould,  having 
enough  in  his  treasury,  which  hee  must  open  for  gratifying  his 
frends  and  soldiers.  Also  the  Mussai  and  SapJiee^'  two  juncks 
which  should  have  arrived  four  moneths  since  from  Judda,  are  ex- 
pected within  15  dales,  which  will  make  gould  cheaper  then  it  now 
is.'  Think,  therefore,  that  it  may  be  well  to  get  rid  of  their  stock  at 
current  prices.  '  Sunneas'  are  not  worth  above  Rs.  13  each  ;  Hun- 
gary ducats,  Rs.  13  per  tola  ; '  pistoletts,  Dutch  riders,  and  albertines ' 
\see  p.  156],  Rs.  11  13:4  pice  per  tola  (the  rupee  at  51  pice).  At 
present  Surat  rupees  pass  only  at  a  loss  of  \\  pice,  though  of  the 
same  weight  and  fineness  as  the  '  sickaj  '  ^  ;  but,  as  they  are  full  value 
at  Cambay,  it  is  thought  that  the  Governor  will  in  a  few  days  allow 
them  to  pass  current  here  also.  The  parcel  of  sugar  of  which 
samples  were  sent  cannot  now  be  had  ;  but  a  caravan  of  10,000 

'  Gold  mohurs ;  c£  '  vast  sumes  of  gold  in  mores  or  sunnies'  '^Hedges'  Diary,  vol.  ii. 
p.  326).     Apparently  the  word  is  derived  from  the  Hind.  so7id,  '  gold.' 

*  Hind,  (from  Arabic)  natibat,  the  palace  mnsic. 

'  Perhaps  the  Miisd  ('  Moses ')  and  Safi  ('  Peace '). 

*  Sic.    The  sikkd  rupee,  for  which  see  the  1618-21  volume,  p.  113,  may  be  meant. 


^'>,(>  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

oxen,  bringing  sugar,  'jagra,'^  wheat,  &c.,  is  reported  to  be  ap- 
proaching from  Agra,  and  they  hope  to  buy  some  upon  its  arrival. 
In  consequence  of  the  Company's  complaint,  the  details  of  the  pur- 
chases made  last  year  at  Dholka  have  been  examined,  and  they 
are  taking  steps  to  punish  the  brokers,  who  were  the  guilty  parties. 
In  future  they  will  look  carefully  to  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
dutties.     {Copy,     i  pp.     Received  February  \o) 

Willia:m  Burt,  John  Benthall,  Robert  Wodder,  and 
Robert  Loftus  at  Gombroon  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  February  6,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat^ 
vol.  cii.  p.  529). 

The  fleet  arrived  January  6.  Answer  various  points  in  the  letters 
thus  received.  The  strict  orders  against  'coullering^  of  Moores 
goods '  have  had  a  satisfactory  effect,  though  they  cannot  control 
the  Dutch,  who  are  very  dishonest  in  this  respect.  Thank  them  for 
sending  Mr.  Wodder  to  be  accountant.  Death  of  George  Bedford 
and  Charles  Sterne.  Return  of  Messrs.  Benthall  and  Martin. 
Salary  of  Mr.  Williamson.  Are  glad  that  no  Indian  goods  were 
sent  them,  as  they  are  under  an  obligation  to  bring  one-fourth 
of  their  capital  in  ready  money ;  and  besides,  the  Red  Sea  and 
Bantam  provide  more  profitable  opportunities  for  the  sale  of  such 
goods  than  this  country.  Explain  their  reasons  for  drawing  bills 
on  Surat.  As  this  is  resented,  they  will  in  future  borrow  instead, 
though  they  have  now  given  a  bill  on  Surat  to  an  Italian  named 
*  Dominico  Corrado ',  at  his  earnest  request.  Concerning  Ormus, 
Muskat,  &c.,  they  refer  to  the  enclosed  letter  to  the  Company. 
They  have  persistently  solicited  the  King,  but  with  little  effect. 
The  Company  intend  to  inquire  into  the  cowardly  conduct  of  Cap- 
tain Blyth  and  Tozier,^  John  Antill  will  be  advised  of  the  increase 
in  his  salary.  Weighing,  &c.,  of  goods.  Will  follow  strictly  the 
Company's  orders.  Have  taken  ashore  the  merchandise  sent  in 
this  fleet.  The  money  received  out  of  the  customs  is  by  no  means 
sufficient  for  their  needs.     Will  do  their  best  to  keep  down  ex- 

^  Vort.Jagra  (ultimately  from  Sanskrit  sarkara),  a  coarse  sugar  made  from  the  sap  of 
the  palm-tree. 

^  i.  e.  passing  them  free  through  the  customhouse  under  the  pretence  that  they  belonged 
to  an  Englishman. 

'  William  Tozer,  master  of  the  Palsgrave. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  237 

penses.     '  The  Persian  and  Turke  appeare  unreconcileable  enimies, 
infesting  each  others  territories  ;    but  daylie  reports  manifest  the 
Persians  subtill  pollicie  doth  prevaile  on  the  Turks   mightie  and 
nomberlesse  multitudes.      This  King  having  some  four    moneths 
[ago?],  wheather  from  a  conscious  feare  of  like  reward  merritted  by 
his  owne  former  proceed  with  his  brother  for  obtayneing  the  sove- 
raignetie  or    other  barbarous  jealousies,  inhumanely  hath    added 
to  the  nomberless  terrours  of  his  conscience  the  death  of  his  owne 
and  onlie  sonne,  causing  his  eyes  to  bee  cut  fourth  with  a  rasour ; 
whose  owne  child  was  a  spectatour  of  his  fathers  misery,  whome  in 
his  rage  hee  bereaved  of  life,  as  afterward  did  unto  himselfe  by 
poysonous  pills  ;  the  King  having  since  sent  for  the  sonne  of  Merza 
Sophie  [Mirza  Safl]  ^  who  was  elder  brother  to  the  last  unfortunate 
prince,  who  also  was  bereaved  of  life  by  the  same  cruell  hand. 
What  the  present  speakes  of  is  the  Turks  reattempting  the  sur- 
prize of  Bagdatt,  on  whome  the  Kings  eyes  are  cast  by  his  neere 
reside  unto  those  parts.    The  Duke  of  Shiraze,  as  wee  are  crediblie 
informed,  designed  for  Balsara  [Basra]  with  8,oco  menn.'     Thank 
them  for  their  news  of  the  occurrences  in  India.     Acquiesce  in  the 
detention  of  the  Mary,  8zc.,  though  they  have  been  shamed  thereby, 
'  having  from  our  masters  advices  reported  both  to  the  King  and 
Chaun  that  wee  should  expect  to  the  nomber  of  6  or  7  shipps  pur- 
poselie  designed  by  them  for  the  surprize  of  Muskatt.'    As  regardes 
that  designe,  T  see  nopossibillitie  for  the  attempting  of  anything  our- 
selves and,  when  the  Hollanders  shall  goemore  roundlie  toworke,  as 
little  hope  of  preventing  them.'   Have  advised  the  Khan  of  the  assist- 
ance given  at  Surat  to  his  pinnace  the  Primrose.  Is-haq  Beg  has  been 
treated  with  respect  and  courtesy,  but  he  is  very  friendly  to  the 
Dutch,  whom  he  has  helped  largely  in   obtaining  freight  goods. 
Estate  of  Naqd  Beg,  the  late  ambassador.      As  for  the  English 
ambassador  and  *  my  Lord  Sherley ',  Mr.  Benthall  will  report  their 
proceedings.     Send  some  rosewater,  pistachios,  and  almonds,  as 
desired  ;  and  request  some  rice,  sugar,  wax  candles,  &c.,  in  return. 
Two  horses  also  sent.     Supply  of  red  earth  from  Ormus.    '  The  intel- 

•  See  the  story  in  Herbert's  Travels  (ed.  1638,  p.  173).  According  to  him,  the  Prince's 
name  was  '  Codobanda  [Khuda-banda]  Sultan '  and  that  of  his  daughter,  whom  he  slew 
in  a  frenzy,  '  Fatyma."  Herbert  says  that  the  Prince  had  been  blinded  by  drawing  '  a 
flaming  Steele  afore  his  eyes  '. 


238  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

legence  wee  have  here  of  the  wrack  of  the  Portugalls  fleet  accords 
with  yours,  which  gives  presumpcion  it  may  bee  a  truth  :  wee  hav- 
ing been  crediblie  informed  of  the  repaire  of  4  of  them  unto  Muskatt, 
the  most  of  them  towed  in  by  Ruy  Fereroes  friggotts,  not  having 
one  mast  standing,  one  of  them  being  inforced  to  cast  overboard  all 
hir  ordnance.  Of  their  present  estate  wee  cannott  obtaine  the  rela- 
cion.'  As  directed,  they  have  dispeeded  the  fleet  before  the  Hol- 
landers, who  are  not  likely  to  start  for  fifteen  days  longer.  Have 
laden  on  the  ships  782  bales  of  silk.  Beg  that  the  Surat  factors  will 
advise  the  Company  to  push  the  Persian  trade  energetically  or  drop 
it  altogether  ;  '  for  on  the  termes  it  is  nowe  followed  wee  rather 
reape  disgrace  then  benefitt.'  John  Hughes  recommended  for  an 
increase  of  salary.  Mr.  Turner  leaves  in  these  ships.  P.S. — Com- 
mend Mr.  Benthall.     {Copy.     \\\pp.     Received  February  2\}^ 

Richard  Barber  and  Richard  Southaike  at  Baroda  to 
THE  President  and  Council  at  Surat,  February  7,  1628 
[Factory  Records^  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  510). 

Bills  of  exchange  for  3,500  mahmudls  received.  '  Wee  are  glad 
the  Company  doth  like  the  comodity  of  this  place.'  Have 
already  bought  1.500  pieces  of  cloth,  costing  4,000  mahmudls. 
{Copy.     ^p.     Received  February  9.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  and  Natha- 
niel Wyche  at  Ahmad abad  to  the  Same,  February  10, 
1628  [Ibid.,  p.  518). 

Forward  a  letter  from  Agra.  Surat  coins  now  pass  here  at  one- 
half  per  cent,  loss,  but  the  Governor  has  promised  to  make  them 
current  at  the  same  value  as  the  '  sicca]  '  [see  p.  235].  Request  an 
invoice  of  the  treasure  they  brought.  P.S. — Would  be  glad  to  have 
also  the  invoice  of  Captain  Leate's  jewels.  [Copy.  \  p.  Received 
February  14.) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
at  Broach  to  the  Same,  February  12,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  513). 

Tottle  arrived  yesterday  with  9,000  rupees  and  bills  for  6,000 
more.     Difficulty  about  payment  of  one  of  these  bills.     Tottle  and 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  339 

his  party  were  provided  with  coaches  and  left  last  night  for  Baroda. 
Have  bought  500  maunds  of  cotton  yarn  and  have  packed  most  of 
it.     {Copy.     I/.     Received  February  \ji^^ 

Richard  Barber  and  Richard  Southaike  at  Baroda  to 
THE  Same,  February  16,  1638  {Ibid.,  p.  519). 

Tottle  and  his  companions  arrived  on  the  12th,  bringing  10,000 
rupees,  which  shall  be  duly  invested.  {Copy.  \  p.  Received 
February    18,) 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  Robert  Clitherow, 
Ralph  Cartwright,  and  John  Goodwin  at  Agra  to  the 
Same,  February  17,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  ^^'^. 

Have  been  obliged  to  borrow  at  two  per  cent,  besides  one-half 
per  cent. '  buttow  '  \see  p.  234],  in  order  to  pay  their  camelmen  ; 
but  they  have  found  no  opportunity  of  dispatching  the  caravan,  nor 
in  any  case  would  their  creditors  allow  the  goods  to  leave  until  they 
have  been  paid.  It  will  be  too  late  to  catch  the  homewards  bound 
shipping,  and  instructions  are  therefore  requested  as  to  what  is  to  be 
done.  In  future  they  will  not  make  any  investment  until  they  have 
money  or  bills  in  hand,  *  it  not  standing  for  the  reputacion  of  our 
nacion '  to  trade  on  borrowed  money,  as  they  are  now  doing.  The 
Dutch  are  in  as  bad  a  case.  '  Bimgee '  [Bhimji]  has  arrived,  but 
declares  that  they  must  not  depend  on  him  for  a  pice.  '  Wee  are 
perswaded  it  was  onlie  Virga  Voras  titallie  [Hind,  thatholl,  jesting 
or  pretence],  never  intending  its  accomplishment.'  As  for  pur- 
chasing sugar -and  saltpetre,  nothing  can  be  done  without  ready 
money.  '  In  that  there  hath  been  fewe  buyers  formerlie  of  salt- 
peter, people  forbeare  making  it' ;  but  they  hope  to  get  1,000  bales 
before  the  rains.  Send,  '  sealed  upp  in  two  canes,'  ^  Justinian 
Offley's  journal  and  ledger  duly  balanced;  also  an  inventory  of  his 
estate,  together  with  his  goods  and  papers.  Are  in  great  want  of 
an  honest  broker,  and  would  be  glad  if  one  could  be  sent  up. 
Those  previously  employed  here  '  prove  verry  knaves  and  traytours 

^  A  piece  of  a  bamboo  cane  cut  off  below  a  joint  and  then  sealed  at  the  top.  Until  the 
general  introduction  of  glass  bottles,  these  easily  made  receptacles  were  commonly  used 
for  the  conveyance  even  of  liquids. 


240  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

to  our  bussines ' :  while  'Dongee'  refuses  to  serve  except  in  his 
present  post  of  linguist.  They  have  little  or  no  warehouse-room 
and  are  obliged  to  lay  all  goods  they  buy  '  under  the  chuppers ' 
[H'md.chhappar,  a  thatched  roof].  Request  permission  for  '  raysing 
of  a  tarrars  ^  where  the  chuppers  stands',  in  order  to  keep  their 
goods  from  wetting  or  firing ;  this  '  warehouse  or  roome  '  may  be 
erected  for  400  or  500  rupees,  and  should  they  at  any  time  sell  the 
house  the  expenditure  would  no  doubt  be  recovered.  'As  you 
weare  advised  by  ours  of  the  prime  current  as  aforesaid  Shaw 
Jehaun  sate  in  [on?]  his  royall  throne  the  4th  ditto  and  w^as saluted 
and  proclaimed  King,  with  cuttbah  ^  read  according  to  the  custome  of 
his  ancestours ;  and  hath  seated  himselfe  within  the  castle,  in  the 
pallace  that  was  his  fathers,  and  vigilantlie  observeth  his  publick  and 
private  sitting  forth,  having  (to  secure  the  soveraignetie  to  him  and 
his  posteritie)  cruellie  murthered  all  other  princes  of  the  blood, 
vizt,  his  brother  Sheryare,  who,  notwithstanding  his  eyes  weare  putt 
out  and  soe  made  uncapable  to  raigne,  yet  to  make  sure  worke  was 
afterwards  strangled  ;  and  so  weare  BoUockie  and  his  young  brother, 
the  miserable  children  of  Prince  Cossero.  Their  mother,  distracted 
hereatt,  slew  hirselfe,  dying  with  them.  Tennuer  and  Hossang, 
Danu  Shaughs  sonnes,^  weare  made  away  in  like  manner  in  Lahore  ; 
and  lastly  the  yong  sonne  of  Parveis  [see  p.  242]  in  this  place,  as  is 
crediblie  affirmed  by  men  of  ranck  and  devulged  in  court.  Assaph 
Caun  is  said  to  bee  the  contriver  of  this  plott  and  lamentable 
massacre,  noe  doubt  to  make  sure  the  succession  to  Shaugh  Shuga 
[Shah  Shuja],  sonne  to  the  present  King  by  his  daughter.  Hee  is 
on  the  way  hither,  and  wilbee  here  in  a  few  dales,  Ckoja  Abul- 
hassen  remayning  in  Lahore.  What  successe  may  ensue  theis 
unnaturall  proceedings  wee  leave  to  the  divine  disposures.  Ckaun 
Jehaun  is  in  open  rebellion,  seizing  for  himselfe  the  country  about 
Brampore ;  to  whome  a  messenger  is  dispatcht  from  the  King  to 

^  Apparently  what  is  meant  is  a  substantial  warehouse  with  a  terrace  roof. 

^  The  khutba  is  the  address  delivered  after  divine  service,  during  which  the  preacher 
blesses  Muhammad,  his  successors,  and  the  reigning  sovereign.  The  introduction  of 
a  fresh  name  was  equivalent  to  the  proclamation  of  a  new  monarch. 

^  See  Elliot's  History,  vol.  vi.  p.  438.  The  \ictims  were  Shahriyar,  Dawar  Bakhsh 
(Bulaqi),  and  his  brother  Garshasp,  with  Tahmiiras  and  Hoshang,  sons  of  the  deceased 
Prince  Daniyal.  De  Laet  (p.  277)  says  that  the  actual  murderer  was  '  Radia  Bahador', 
and  Herbert  identifies  him  with  the  murderer  of  Khusru  ;  but  on  this  see  pp.  241-2. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  241 

knowe  his  intents.  Caun  Hallam  ^  is  ordeyned  speedily  to  goe  to 
Hageepor-puttama  ^  [stc^,  to  governe  the  countrie  thereabouts. 
Ckauna  Zaud  Ckaun  [j^r  p.  204],  Mauhobett  Ckauns  eldest  sonne, 
is  appointed  with  a  laskar  [Pers.  las/ikar,  an  army]  and  divers 
amraws  [see  p.  228]  to  goe  to  Mandoe  and  Brampore,  Mallwa,  etc., 
those  countries  being  assigned  Mauhobett  Ckauna  and  his  said 
sonne  for  their  Hfetymes  ;  but  tis  thought  his  dispatch  thitherwards 
is  chiefelie  because  of  Ckaun  Jehaun.  All  rup[ees]  of  Noor  Jehann 
Beagams  stampe  are  called  in  and  not  to  bee  uttered.'  Bangham 
has  recovered  the  gold  and  silver  lace  from  Mahabat  Khan,  and 
hopes  to  settle  with  Muqarrab  Khan,  who  is  expected  here  shortly. 
The  King  has  granted  a  farman  for  the  safe  passage  of  their  caravan. 
{Copy.    4^  pp.     Received  Mar cJi  \o) 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel 
Wyche,  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the 
Same,  February  18,  1628  [Ibid.,  p.  522). 

Dispatch  of  saltpetre  and  gum-lac  to  Surat.  Price  of  sugar. 
Find  now  that  their  funds  are  sufficient  to  meet  all  liabilities.  The 
dutties  and  baftas  bought  last  year  were  both  poor  and  dear,  as  the 
Company  has  complained,  but  this  was  due  to  their  being  purchased 
in  a  hurry.  It  would  be  sufficient  if  Nathaniel  Mountney  and 
Henry  Graves  were  left  here  to  look  after  the  rest  of  the  business. 
Hopkinson  will  go  down  shortly.  '  Your  Devon  [Diwan]  his  letter 
to  this  wee  have  delivered,  who  giveth  us  good  words,  as  the 
Governour  here  hath  done,  but  neither  of  them  doe  yet  command 
ought  publicklie  concerning  the  passage  of  Surratt  quoines  or  Shaw 
Jehauns.  There  is  a  firmaun  within  2  or  3  dales  expected  from 
him,  att  what  tyme  newes  is  thought  will  arrive  that  hee  hath  been 
enthronized  in  Dillee ;  and  then  the  marchants  among  themselves 
will  make  them  passable.  The  newes  of  Assaph  Caun,  in  massacring 
all  the  rest,  wee  could  have  advised  you  3  or  4  dales  since,  but  that 
such  a  bloodie  accion  had  not  current  creddence  att  first.  The 
report  here  is  certaine  that  by  Chorooms  order,  and  the  absence 

*  Mirza  Barkhurdar  Khan  Alam  was  made  Governor  of  Bihar  soon  after  Shah 
Jahan's  accession  (Blochmann's  Am,  vol.  i.  p.  513). 

*  Hajipur-Patna.     It  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  to  Patna. 


FOSTER  III 


R 


242  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

and  privitie  of  Mauhobet  Cauns  sonne,  Assaph  Caun  caused  Dower 
Bux  Sheriare,  Dower  Bux  his  brother,  the  2  sonnes  of  Donshaw, 
and  Noor  Maull  ^  to  bee  slaine,  the  instrument  or  execucioner  said 
to  bee  Meea  Ruzzake  [?  Mir  Razzaq],  who  was  here  with  Carroom ; 
upon   knowledge   whereof   Caun    Azzam    his    wife    and   daughter, 
Dower  Bux   his    mother,  slew   themselves,  and  above    ico  more 
of  their  caunazate^    so  that  now  none  remaine  besides  Caroom 
and  his  sonnes,  except  the  two  sonnes  of  Parv-eis,  who  are  m  Agra 
and  attend  their  fortunes.^     It  is  also  affirmed  that  the  Rawna 
is  dead.^     Some  also   say   Shaw   Abbas  is  dead,   but  somethmg 
uncertainly.     There  want   not  also  some  that  say  all  the  former 
is  fake    and  Assaph   Caun  himselfe  hath  lost  his  arme  {sic-]  and 
Charooms  attempts  spoiled,  himselfe,  &c.  [sic-]  ;  but  the  contrary 
is  most  likelie  to  bee  true,  conforming  most  with  Carooms  former 
courses  and  actions.'     {Copy.     ?,  pp.     Received  February  23.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel 
Wyche  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  February  20,  1628 
{Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  525)- 

In  answer  to  theirs  of  the  14th.  Reasons  for  getting  rid  of  their 
gold  here.  Are  glad  to  learn  that  more  money  is  coming.  '  The 
massacre  advised  of  in  our  last  is  still  confirmed  to  bee  true, 
p  5  _'  Tage  Caun  [Taj  Khan]  and  Company '  offer  to  take  all  the 
quicksilver  at  Surat  for  96  rupees  per  maund  upon  certain  conditions 
Annexed.-Tht  conditions  referred  to.  {Copy.  2|  pp.  Received 
Febrtiary  23.) 

Captain  John  Hall,  aboard  the  Mary  at  Swally,  to 
the  Same,  February  21,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  521)- 

'  The  aSth  of  January  wee  arrived  in  safetie  in  the   roade  of 
Dabull.     The  next  dale  wee  received  a  letter  from  the  Govemour, 

'  The  mmour  was  of  course  untrue  so  far  as  Nur  Mahal  (Nur  Jahan)  was  concerned. 
'  Household  :  khanazad,  '  bom  in  the  house.'  .  r.       -    u„.„ 

3  Nothing  seems  to  be  kno^vn  concerning  the  son  (cf.  p.  240)  or  sons  of  Parwiz  here 

"'' This  would  mean  the  Rana  Karan  of  Udaipur.  Mr.  Beveridge  says  that  according 
to  the  Af.fsir.ul.Uma.,  Karan  died  in  A.  H.  1038  (Aug.  ^6^^"  Aug.  16^^) ;  -d^J 
this  date  be  correct,  the  rumour  given  above  must  have  been  unfounded,  like  the  one 
about  the  death  of  Shah  Abbas  which  immediately  follows. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  243 

which  gave  us  a  parcell  of  faire  words  ;  att  the  first  wee  hopeing  to 
have  found  verry  great  trade,  but  in  conclusion  it  proved  noe  other 
waies  but  delaies  ;  but  wee  sending  Mr.  Norris,  Mr.  Blacden,  and 
Seignour  Jeronimo  ashoare,  hee  tould  them  flatt  and  plaine'  that 
hee  could  not  trade,  directlie  nor  indirectlie.     Whereupon  wee  tooke 
to  consideracion  whither  wee  should  goe  further  to  leeward  or  noe  : 
but  finding  noe  incouragment  of  the  Japonies  [Thomas  de  Coste  : 
see  p.  254]  nor  by  any  other,  knowing  it  was  under  one  kings 
territories,  wee   thought  it  fitting  to   sett   saile   and    returne   for 
Surratt,  and  to  spend  some  small  tyme  in  sur\'eying  and  discovering 
the  coast  betweene  this  and  Dabull.     You  may  bee  pleased   the 
6th  February,  about  six  of  the  clock  in  the  evening,  wee  came  to  an 
anchour  in  the  port  of  Dandae  \  distant  from  Chaul  5  leagues.    It  is 
a  verry  good  harbour  and  a  strong  place.      Our  tyme  of  abode  was 
three  dales,  hopeing  thereby  to  [have  ?]  had  the  castle  surrenderd 
upp  to  us,  for  that   there  was   a   new  Govemour  sent   from   the 
Mellic-Amber,  called  Abishcan  [?  Habashi  Khan] ;  but  the  other 
flying  to  the  castle  in  rebellion,  wee  hoped  hee  would  have  come 
aboard   our   shipps    for   succour;    but    sending   Mr.    Priddis   and 
Mr.  Blackden  ashoare,  wee  saw  and  perceaved  hee  had  noe  such 
intent.     Wherefore  wee  made  all  hast  possible  to  Bumbayee ;  but 
Mr.  Minours  reporting  of  an  iland  which,  before  we  came  to  see  it, 
hee  tould  us  there  was  wood  and  water  and  materialls  enough  ;  so 
that  upon  his  report  wee  anchored   to  see  the  place,   but    found 
it  al[to]geather  unfitting,  only  a  plaine  rock  without  water  or  wood 
or  any  other  necessaries.  .  .  .  The  13th  ditto  wee  sounded  the  bay 
of  Bumbaye,  the  draught   whereof  \iiot  extant]    shalbee   readdie 
att  your  demand,  both  of  that  and  Dandae.      In  my  opinion  it 
is  a  wonderfull  fitt  place  for  our  shipping  to  harbour  in,  and  may  bee 
made  so  strong  that  all  the  Portugalls  in  India,  [we  ?]  being  once 
scituated,  are  not  able  to  doe  us  wrong.     So  I  could  wish  in  the 
Honorable  Companies  behaulfe  that  wee  weare  well  fortified,  being 
there  is  all  materialls  fitt  for  plantacion,  which  is  an  iland  in  the  bay, 
which  by  the  draught  [not  extant]  shall  appeare.     The  21th,  about 
twelve  of  the  clock  at  noone,  we  arrived  in  safetie  in  the  Hole  of 
Swalley.'     iCop)'.     i\  pp.) 

^  See  note  i  on  p.  252. 
R  2 


244  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
AT  Broach  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat, 
February  23,  1628  {Factojy  Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  528). 

Payment  of  a  bill  of  exchange.  Progress  of  their  investment. 
A  parwana  needed  to  clear  the  goods  expected  from  Ahmadabad. 
The  cotton  yarn  will  be  forwarded  with  that  caravan.  {Copy. 
i\  pp.     Received  February  2i^.) 

Christopher  Brown,  aboard  the  Willjam  at  Swally,  to 
THE  Same,  February  24,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  529). 

Reached  the  Persian  coast  on  December  29  and  Gombroon 
on  January  6.  The  Dutch  fleet  came  in  three  days  later.  Left  on 
February  4  and,  after  taking  in  red  earth  at  Ormus,  sailed  for 
India  on  the  7th.  They  have  brought  800  bales  of  silk  and  a  quan- 
tity of  Moors'  goods.  Messrs.  [John]  Benthall,  [Malachi]  Martin, 
George  TuiTier,  and  Richard  Cooper  returned  with  them.     {Copy. 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel 
VVyche,  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same, 
P"ebruary  24,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  544). 

Send  their  accounts  and  beg  an  answer  regarding  the  quicksilver. 
( Copy.     \  p.     Received  March  i . ) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
at  Broach  to  the  Same,  February  27,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  541). 

Rejoice  to  hear  of  the  arrival  of  the  ships  from  Dabhol  and 
Persia.  No  news  yet  of  the  caravan  from  Ahmadabad.  Martin 
still  wishes  to  go  to  England.  Nathaniel  West  and  Thomas  Aid- 
worth  are  '  att  your  disposure '.  Shall  need  four  or  five  thousand 
mahmudis  more.     {Copy.     \p.     Received  Febriiary  2^.) 

Captain  Christopher  Brown,  aboard  the  William  [at 
Swally],  to  the  Same,  February  28,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  542). 

Will  lend  his  best  assistance  towards  the  dispatch  of  the  ships. 
{Copy.     I  p.) 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  245 

Captain  John  Hall,  aboard  the  Mary  at  Swally,  to 
THE  Same,  February  28,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  543). 

Stores  for  the  ships.  Requests  labourers,  &c.  Also  provisions 
and  arms.    {Copy.      i  /.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  February  29,^  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  542). 

Will  do  his  best  to  get  the  ships  ready  quickly.  Doubts  whether 
they  can  get  at  the  ordnance  of  the  Exchange.     {Copy.     %p.) 

Captains  Brown,  Hall,  and  Morton,  aboard  the  Mary, 
TO  THE  Same,  February  29,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  544). 

The  Mary  will  go  out  to-morrow,  and  the  rest  soon  after.  As 
directed,  will  give  out  that  their  destination  is  Daman,  but  fear  that 
their  real  design  is  generally  known.     {Copy.     %  p.) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
AT  Broach  to  the  Same,  February  29,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  546). 

Send  a  sample  of  cotton  wool,  of  which  50  *  candes  '  ^  may  be  had 
at  72^  mahmudis  per  'candey'  ;  but  it  is  likely  to  rise,  as  seven 
Malabar  junks  are  here  seeking  that  commodity.  The  caravan  left 
Ahmadabad  on  the  23rd,  but  has  not  yet  arrived.  {Copy.  |/, 
Received  March  4.) 

Joseph  Hopkinson,  Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel 
Wyche,  and  William  Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same, 
March  i,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  549). 

In  accordance  with  instructions,  they  informed  the  merchants 
that  the  price  offered  for  the  quicksilver  was  too  low,  considering 
that  the  Dutch  had  sold  some  at  Surat  for  107  rupees  and  here  for 
106.  The  reply  was  that  the  quantity  now  quoted  was  a  large  one, 
while  that  sold  by  the  Dutch  was  small.  In  the  end  they  concluded 
the  bargain  at  the  former  price,  viz.  96  rupees.  Request  its  speedy 
dispatch,  in  order  that  it  may  be  made  into  vermilion  before  the 
heat  renders  the  work  '  unsufferable  to  the  poore  labourers  '.    Think 

'  '  Ultimo  Febr.' ;  but  it  is  possible  that  the  2Sth  is  meant. 
^  The  candy  was  twenty  maund^. 


246  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

it  will  be  dangerous  to  send  goods  this  way  to  Agra,  as  '  many 
poore  banians  hav^e  been  slaine  and  robbed  ';  advise  the  Burhanpur 
route  instead.  Can  soon  send  the  jewels,  &c..  here  which  it  is 
intended  to  consign  thither.  It  is,  however,  reported  that  a  great 
caravan  is  to  depart  from  this  place  after  the  '  Hoolee '  \Holi\  festival. 
Their  first  caravan,  which  is  by  this  time  near  Broach,  carried  2,870 
maunds  of  saltpetre,  246  maunds  of  gum-lac,  50  corge  of  narrow 
'  seryaes ',  and  a  quantity  of  conserves.  Their  second,  which  will 
start  within  three  days,  will  take  1,200  maunds  of  saltpetre,  540  of 
gum- lac,  3.000  of  sugar,  and  45  of  conserves.  Will  endeavour 
to  get  bills  of  exchange  on  Agra,  but  men  are  unwilling  to  let 
money  out  of  their  hands  '  in  this  dangerous  tyme  '.  {Copy.  2  pp. 
Received  March  5.) 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  Robert  Clitherow, 
Ralph  Cartwright,  and  John  Goodwin  at  Agra  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  March  2,  1628  {Factory 
Records,  Stirat,  vol.  cii.  p.  ^6^). 

Repudiate  the  charge  of  remissness  in  advising  Surat  of  important 
events.  They  sent  off  the  news  of  the  King's  death  directly  they 
heard  it.  Their  letters  of  October  4  and  10  were  forwarded  by 
messengers,  who  gave  sureties  to  deliver  them  in  17  days;  as  this 
has  not  been  performed,  the  money  will  be  recovered  and  the  mes- 
sengers '  shalbee  used  in  their  kind  '.  Believe  they  write  quite 
as  often  as  the  Dutch.  Neither  do  they  admit  that  the  latter  are 
more  diligent  than  they  in  making  advances  for  indigo  and  in  buying 
what  is  available.  The  earlier  arrival  of  the  Dutch  ships  gave  their 
factors  the  advantage,  but  still  they  paid  dearly  for  what  they  pro- 
cured. At  present  they  are  not  on  speaking  terms  with  the  English. 
Request  permission  to  advance  money  to  the  villagers  and  Biana 
merchants.  Could  buy  about  200  fardles  of  old  indigo  if  they  had 
the  means.  Note  that  the  Surat  factors  consider  that  the  purchase 
of  the  house  was  unnecessary,  as  the  King  would  doubtless  have 
granted  them  the  use  of  it,  and  that  they  offer  to  petition  the 
Khankhanan  for  the  surrender  of  the  money ;  disapprove  of  the 
proposal,  for  the  grant  would  only  be  obtained  '  after  a  long  and 
tedious  solliciting,  with  the  giving  many  presents,  which  these  people 
doe  preferr  before  peticions '.     Hav^e  already  had  much  expense  in 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  247 

procuring  the  farman  for  the  passage  of  their  caravan  free  from 
molestation  and  tolls.  Beg  that  the  document  may  be  sent  back 
when  done  with.  Will  observe  their  directions  to  pay  their  respects 
to  the  King  and  to  the  Khankhanan ;  but  an  introduction  to  the 
latter  will  be  of  little  use  without  presents  to  give  him.  Clement 
will  not  be  able  '  to  followe  the  derbarrs  or  court  sollicitacions ',  and 
so  they  must  appoint  someone  else  for  that  purpose,  if  necessary  ; 
but  he  must  be  furnished  with  rarities  and  toys  for  the  purpose. 
Will  endeavour  the  sale  of  Sir  Morris  Abbot's  emeralds.  Bangham 
sends  his  accounts  herewith.  Have  cleared  most  of  their  goods,  and 
got  them  out  of  the  town,  in  readiness  for  dispatch.  There  is 
a  residue  which  they  cannot  obtain  for  want  of  money.  '  Bimgee ' 
has  failed  to  supply  them,  though  he  has  provided  the  Dutch  with 
a  large  sum.  They  hope,  however,  to  get  6,000  rupees  from  him 
to-night ;  and  in  that  case  the  caravan  shall  start  to-morrow  or  the 
next  day.  The  Dutch  are  endeavouring  to  be  ready  at  the  same 
time,  in  order  that  both  caravans  may  proceed  together.  '  Nabob 
Assufife  Caun  is  yesterdaie  arrived  with  the  three  young  princes,^ 
the  Kings  sonnes,  and  divers  other  amraws.  Noor  Jehaun  Beagam 
is  also  come  to  towne,  and  liveth  privatelie  in  the  castle.'  {Copy. 
5|  //.     Received  March  21.) 

Richard  Barber  and  Richard  Southaike  at  Baroda  to 
THE  Same,  March  2,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  545). 

Have  now  got  together  nearly  6,500  pieces  of  cloth,  and  hope  by 
the  18th  to  make  up  between  40  and  50  bales  for  dispatch  to  Surat. 
Are  offered  bleached  narrows,  19^  '  coveds '  long  and  2o|  'tassus'- 
broad,  from  80  to  120  mahmudls  per  corge  [Hind.  korJ,  a  score] ; 
desire  instructions.  Of  gum-lac  200  maunds  may  be  had  at 
6|  mahmudls  per  maund.     {Copy.     %  p.     Received  March  ^.) 

Captains  Brown  and  Hall,  aboard  the  Mary^  to  the 
Same,  March  4,  1638  {Ibid.,  p.  546). 

The  lead  shall  be  landed  ;  also  the  chest  of  money.    {Copy.     \p.) 

*  Dara  Shikoh,  Shuja,  and  Aarangzib. 

*  Mahr.  tasii,  the  twenty- fourth  part  of  a  •'  covedo  '  (see  p.  S7). 


248  THE  ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Captain  Hall,  aboard  the  Mary,  to  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  March  4,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  547)- 

Will  use  all  diligence  to  restrain  his  men  from  going  ashore. 
Mr.  Minors  will  sail  to-morrow.  The  landing  of  the  lead  will  take 
at  least  four  days.  Five  or  six  men  missing.  Cloth  for  small  sails 
needed.     The  money  has  been  put  ashore.     {Copy.     |  p) 

Joseph  Hopkinson  and  Nathaniel  Mountney  at  Ahmad- 
abad  to  the  Same,  March  4, 1628  {Ibid.,  p.  552). 

Finding  from  the  enclosed  letter  the  necessities  of  their  friends  at 
Agra,  they  will  endeavour  to  send  thither  bills  for  at  least  10,000 
rupees.     {Copy.     \  p.     Received  March  \o.) 

Robert  Tottle  at  Broach  to  the  President  at  Surat, 
March  6,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  552). 

Has  got  his  goods  over  the  river.  Many  of  the  jars  containing 
the  quicksilver  have  been  broken,  but  he  has  done  his  best  to 
remedy  this.     {Copy.     |  /.) 

Captains  Brown,  Hall,  and  Morton,  aboard  the  Mar  v, 
TO  THE  President  and  Council  at  Surat,  March  6,  1628 
{Ibid,  p.  548). 

Want  of  ballast.  Landing  of  lead.  Supply  of  casks  and  dutties 
for  sails.     {Copy,     i  /.) 

The  Same  at  Swally  to  the  Same,  March  7,  i6a8  {Ibid., 
P-  551)- 

Most  of  the  lead  has  been  landed  and  put  on  board  the  Williavi 
and  the  Exchange.  Ballast  could  not  have  been  taken  in  safely  at 
Danda.     {Copy.     \  p) 

William  Minors  at  Swally  to  the  President  at  Surat, 
March  7,  1628  [Ibid.,  p.  551). 

Has  been  down  to  GandevI,  but  found  that  the  junk  he  was  to 
convoy  had  already  got  into  Surat  river.     {Copy.     \p.) 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  249 

Captain  Brown,  aboard  the  William,  to  the  President 
AND  Council  at  Surat,  March  <S,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  551). 

Has  prepared  casks  for  the  sugar  and  saltpetre.     [Copy.     %  p-) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
at  Broach  to  the  Same,  March  8,  1628  [Ibid.,  p.  552). 

Tottle  arrived  here  on  the  4th  with  goods  for  Ahmadabad,  and 
two  days  later  the  caravan  from  that  city  appeared.  The  clearance 
of  their  goods  through  the  customhouse  is  delayed  by  '  some  differ- 
ence betweene  this  Governour  and  his  sonne  in  lawe,  Monseir  Chaun 
\see  p.  190],  with  the  Sheike'  \shaikh\  '  Meirza  Backer'  [Mlrza 
Baqir]  came  hither  yesterday  to  resume  his  place  at  the  custom- 
house. They  went  out  to  meet  him  and  found  him  '  sitting  att  the 
tombes '.  He  is  to  take  up  his  post  to-morrow,  when  he  promises 
to  clear  their  goods.     {Copy.     1  p.     Received  March  10.) 

Andrew  Warden's  Account  of  the  Homeward  Voyage 
OF  THE  William  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlv.  p.  63). 

1628,  March  2.  *  Cometh  a  Porteguall  aborde  and  tolde  us  veri 
strange  neues  conser[n]eing  thear  shipeing  and  thear  forse  thay 
have  alongeste  the  coste,  and  what  we  may  doe  at  Bumebaye  ;  but 
mestrusten  of  him  that  he  was  seinte  for  some  spye,  and  our  shipeing 
to  be  desparesed  to  goe  abrode  and  leave  the  Exc\ji\ange  and  we  in 
Weillem  in  the  HoUe  and  to  take  in  our  ladein,  ded  make  a  doute 
of  hini  (as  reseing  ded  requeir)  ;  exeamein[ing]  of  him,  found  him  in 
towe  or  three  severall  talles,  kepeing  him  in  the  ioreines  [irons], 
and  the  nexte  day  holead  his  hede  and  ded  burne  his  fingeres  and 
his  towes  with  maches,  and  hee  ded  confese  a  great  deille  of  velenie 
and  howe  hee  was  seinte  for  a  spye  to  see  our  foreses.'  He  v>'as 
placed  on  board  the  Mary  as  a  prisoner,  to  be  released  when  she 
put  to  sea.  March  11.  Captain  Hall's  squadron  went  out  of  the 
Hole.  March  21.  The  Exchange  and  two  Dutch  ships  sailed  for 
the  Red  Sea.  Aprils.  The  William  fell  down  to  the  foot  of  the 
bar.  April  15.  Sailed.  June  3.  Saw  the  island  of  Rodriguez. 
Jnne  7.  Anchored  at  Mauritius.  June  18.  Sailed  again.  June  21. 
Passed  an  island.  August  13.  Consultation  held  by  Captain 
Christopher  Brown,  Captain  Kerridge,  and  the  other  merchants  and 


25©  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

officers ;  the  ship  being  leaky  and  in  bad  condition,  it  was  decided 
to  bear  up  [for  Madagascar].  August  17.  Resolved  to  make  for  the 
Cape  again.  A  ug-i/st  24.  Land  seen.  September  \.  Got  into  Table 
Bay.  Caught  some  seals  on  Penguin  [Robben]  Island,  and  made 
a  hogshead  of  lamp  oil.  Took  in  more  ballast  and  a  supply  of 
water.^  September  19.  Set  sail.  October  6.  Anchored  off  Chapel 
Valley,  St.  Helena.  October  13.  Sailed  again,  having  on  board 
a  number  of  live  pigs  and  hogs  caught  on  the  island.  Novem- 
ber 29.  Spoke  a  Dutch  man-of-war.  November  30.  Saw  Flores. 
December  ii.  Got  into  Falmouth.  December  26.  Sailed  again. 
December  28.  Anchored  in  the  Downs.  December  30.  Set  sail. 
Decejnber  31.  Anchored  in  the  Gore.  i(i2<^,  February  14.  Moored 
at  Erith.     (42^  //.) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  and  John  Skibbow 

AT  SURAT  TO  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  COUNCIL  AT  BaNTAM, 
March  8,  1628  [Factory  Records^  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  461). 

Wrote  last  by  the  Blessing  [see  p.  222].  Since  then  nothing  of 
importance  has  happened.  The  English  fleet  reached  Persia  three 
days  before  the  Dutch  and  also  got  back  to  Swally  three  days  ahead, 
bringing  780  bales  of  silk,  'amounting  to  above  60,000/.  starling.' 
Hope  therefore  to  dispatch  the  William,  fully  laden,  about  the 
middle  of  April.  '  The  Mary,  Hopwell,  and  Refuge,  whoe  in  company 
of  the  Blessing  set  sayle  from  hence  alongest  the  Indian  coast,  re- 
turned without  other  effect  then  the  discovery  of  som  ports,  as  well 
of  the  Decanee  and  Portugalls,  and  assurance  of  those  of  Dabull, 
confederated  with  the  Portugalls,  will  admitt  of  no  trade  without 
compositione.  Ouer  many  shipps  here  wanting  imployment,  wee 
have  sent  part  of  the  Maryes  fleete  in  discovery  and  againe  to  range 
the  coast,  and  after  to  winter  in  the  islands  of  Saint  Laurence  and 
Commoro,  in  hope  theyr  indevores  and  suckses  will  prove  better 
then  theirs  sent  theither  last  yere.'  The  Exchange  is  intended  for 
the  Red  Sea  ('  with  the  remaines  were  provided  for  you '),  and  will 
sail  in  six  or  eight  days.  Have  given  directions  to  those  on  board 
the  Mary  to    advise   Bantam    of  their   proceedings   prior  to  the 

'  There  is  a  stone  in  the  South  African  Museum,  Cape  Town,  which  bears  an  inscrip- 
tion recording  the  arrival  of  the  William  on  September  i,  and  her  departure  on  the 
iSth  {sic). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  251 

departure  of  the  Refuge.  '  The  motives  inducinge  our  sendinge  this 
shipp  unto  [you]  is  occasioned  through  the  hope  of  our  fortefynge 
in  som  convenient  harboure  one  this  coast ;  for  which  attempt  when 
we  came  to  consider  of  matterial  we  fownd  our  storehouse  wholy 
destitute,  even  of  those  things  were  directly  consigned  hether  by  the 
Palsgrave  and  Dolphine,  as  spades,  pickaxes,  feild  carrages,  and  all 
ells  fittinge ;  which  at  the  shipps  arrivall  being  demanded  of  the 
commanders,  they  avered  to  have  receved  non,  except  feild  carage[s], 
which  it  semes  they  also  left  with  you  at  Batavia,  for  here  they  ar 
not  to  be  found.  Captain  Brown  doth  affirme  that  the  said 
materiall[s]  were  sent  on  the  Expedicone ;  which  is  not  unlikly, 
seing  the  Company  doe  inorder  you  in  there  last  letter  to  send 
hether  all  provisiones  of  that  kind  ;  which  in  regard  wee  required 
not  in  the  Blessinge,  nor  semed  then  to  have  any  purpose  of  theire 
use,  we  have  sent  this  vessell  express  to  give  you  intelegence  of  our 
instant  desier,  vitz.  for  all  municione  and  matterialls  requesitt  to 
such  a  desine,  as  great  ordnance,  powder,  iron  shott,  ladells, 
spi[  ]nges,  cartriges,  feild  carrages,  musketts,  bandelers  [for  ?] 
muskett  shott,  rests  for  musketts,  pouches,  wormes,  scowrers,  swords, 
pistoles,  girdells,  hangers,  belts,  scabords,  chapes  for  swords,  saws, 
filles,  chesells,  broad  axes,  adses,  spicks  and  nailes  of  all  sorts, 
planck,  sheathinge  boards,  laths,  and  whatsoever  else  the  Company 
sent  forth  for  supply  of  Lagundy  or  the  rendevoes,  and  dischardge 
of  shipinge  hath  furnished  your  storehouse  withall.'  Should  this 
letter  arrive  before  the  Blessing  departs,  the  stores  may  be  laden  in 
her,  and  the  Refuge  retained  ;  otherwise,  the  latter  or  some  better 
ship  must  be  dispatched  with  them,  reaching  Surat  by  September 
20  or  24.  No  news  received  from  Masulipatam,  '  although  we  have 
signified  the  Companis  purpose  concerning  desolucion  of  that  factory.' 
The  fine  blue  calicoes  promised  in  their  last  have  not  yet  arrived 
from  Broach,  but  will  be  sent  in  the  Dutch  ships.  Would  be  glad 
of  twenty  or  thirty  butts  of  arrack.     {Copy,     '^pp-) 

An  Account  by  Richard  Predys^  of   the  Cruise  of 
Captain  Hall's  Fleet  to  the  Comoros  {O.  C.  1269). 

1628,  March  11.  The  Mary  left  Swally  Hole.     March  12.  The 
fleet   set   sail.        March   15.     Passing  Chaul,   they    anchored   off 

^  '  Cape  Merchant  of  the  saied  fleete.' 


252  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

'  Danda.'  ^  The  captain  of  the  castle,  '  Seidiambar,'  -  sent  them  a 
complimentary  letter,  with  a  present  of  cattle,  fruit,  &c.  At  night 
another  boat  brought  a  present  from  'Abiscan'  [see  p.  243],  who 
was  still  besieging  the  castle  on  behalf  of  the  King  of  '  Decannee  '.^ 
It  was  resolved  to  send  Sidl  Ambar  a  present  next  day,  '  and  to  see 
if  we  could  upon  composition  draw  him  to  surrender  up  the  castle 
unto  us/  March  16.  Signer  Jeronimo,  Captain  Altham,  and 
Mr.  Latch  went  ashore  accordingly,  with  a  chest  of  rosewater  and 
four  swordblades,  and  were  courteously  received  by  Sidl  Ambar. 
'  Our  people  had  some  conference  with  him,  and  profferred  him 
great  rewards  if  he  would  deliver  it  up;  but  by  noe  meanes  he 
would  not  be  seduced  to  deliver  up  the  castle  ;  but  promised,  if 
we  would  retorne  thether  the  next  yeare,  he  would  procure  us  a 
ferman  from  the  King  of  Decan  his  master  for  our  licence  to  trade 
in  those  partes,  and  alsoe  would  provide  us  a  place  where  we  might 
fortifie  ourselves  and  keepe  us  out  of  danger  from  the  Portugalls  or 
any  other  enymie.  But  I  conceave  what  he  spoke  was  rather  to 
give  us  content  then  otherwise,  fearing  we  should  have  joyned 
against  him  with  Abiscan ;  for,  he  keepeing  the  castle  against  the 
King,  it  is  very  unlike  he  wilbe  able  to  doe  for  us  anything  he 
promised.  Had  we  had  tyme  and  more  men  to  have  landed,  we 
might  have  peradventure  taken  it,  for  the  seamen  were  once  partely 
resolved  to  attempt  the  takeing  of  it ;  but  after  they  had  heard  the 
relation  of  Captain  Altham  and  one  Latch,  two  land  soldiers,  they 
gave  over  their  designe.  .  .  .  The  castle  of  Danda  is  scituated  in 
the  sea  upon  a  litle  hommock,  distant  from  the  shoare  a  little 
more  then  a  muskett  shot ;  by  nature  very  strong ;  wherein  are  at 
least  400  men,  six  great  peeces  of  ordinance,  and  some  16  or  18 
falconet  and  ravenet ;  envyroned  with  a  wall,  of  18  or  20  foote 
towards  the  land  and  some  14  foote  towards  the  sea,  round  about, 
with  battlements  and  halfe  moones  ;  and  upon  the  top  and  middle 
of  it  a  great  house,  and  by  it  a  block  house,  from  whence  we  sawe 

^  It  is  clear,  from  the  description  given  later,  that  the  fortified  island  of  Janjira,  in 
the  Rajpuri  creek,  is  mennt.  Danda-Rajpnri  is  really  the  neighbouring  town  on  the 
mainland. 

^  Sidl  Ambar  (known  as  Sanak  or  '  The  Little  ',  to  distinguish  him  from  Malik  Ambar) 
was  Governor  of  Janjira  from  1621  till  1636  [^Bombay  Gazetteer,  vol.  xi.  p.  436). 

^  DakhinI,  i.e.  Ahmadnagar.  Delia  Valle  in  1623  speaks  of  Danda-Rajpuri  as  belong- 
ing to  Nizam  Shah,  whom  he  elsewhere  describes  as  '  King  of  Dacan  '. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  253 

three   peeces    of  ordinance   shott   over   to  the  S.  side  unto  two 
Mallabarr  friggitts  which  were  coming  into  the  baye.'     Meanwhile 
the  boats  sounded   all  round  the  castle  and  between  it  and  the 
main ;  but  were  not  allowed  to  do  the  same  further  in,  although  on 
the  previous  occasion  Sidl  Ambar  gave  them  permission  to  sound 
all  over  the  bay.     It  appeared  to  be  a  very  good  harbour  to  winter 
in ;  while  that  there  was  sufficient  depth  was  proved  by  the  fact 
that  the   Shdhl  of  Surat.  drawing   25   feet,  had   anchored  there. 
MarcJi  17.     Sailed  from  '  Donda  Rogepore '.     'In  the  afternoone 
we  arrived  in  the  roade  of  Dabull,  and  heere  we  disemed  three 
junks  to  be  in  the  porte,  which  we  imagined  to  be  laden  for  the  Red 
Sea.'     A   consultation   was   held    and   it  was   resolved  that   '  the 
Hopewell  and   Refuge   should   goe   into   the   port   and   use   their 
endeavours  to  bring  out  the  junks  if  the  people  should  refuse  us 
trade,  haveing  formerly  drawne  us  thither,  to  the  great  charge 
of  our  honourable    employers,  and    after  put  us   of  with  feyned 
excuses.'     As  Hall  was  the  only  one  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
the  place,  it  was  settled  that  he  should  take  in  the  Hopewell ;  and 
Jeronimo  de  Paiva  and  Predys  went  also,  to  look  after  the  prize 
goods.     The  ships  displayed  a  flag  of  truce  but,  as  soon  as  they 
drew  near,  the  forts  opened  fire  upon  them.     The  junks  at  once  set 
sail ;  two  ran  themselves  ashore,  and  the  third  got  so  far  up  the 
river  that  the  English  could  not  reach  her.     They  managed  to  get 
off  one  of  the  junks  and  also  a  new  frigate  of  some  50  tons ;  and 
they  might  have  succeeded  in  getting  the  other  junk  afloat,  had  not 
the  sailors  spent  their  time  pillaging  her  instead.     At  midnight  they 
went  out  again  into  the  road,  without  any  one  being  hurt,  in  spite  of 
the  heavy  fire  from  the  town  and  forts.     '  This  place  in  my  opinion 
might  easely  be  taken  and  kept,  if  we  had  but  people  to  keepe  the 
castles  belonginge  thereto  ;  and  for  a  harbour  and  trade,  I  think 
there  are  fewe  better  in  India.'     March  18.     The  junk  was  over- 
hauled, but  proved  to  have  little  of  value  on  board.     The  fleet  then 
set  sail,  Richard  Tuke,  who  had  lived  among  the  Portuguese  \see 
p.  197],  undertaking  to  pilot  them  to  '  Cettora,^  eight  leagi;es  to  the 
southward  of  Dabull,  from  whence  (he  tould  us)  went  yearely  two 
junks  to  the  Red  Sea' ;  but  he  overshot  the  harbour.     March  19. 

*  A  town  a  little  way  up  the  Shastri  River.     It  is  called  '  Sytuore '  and  '  Saitavda '  in 
the  Indian  Atlas. 


254  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

They  anchored  at  '  Congra '  [see^  p.  255],  which  Tuke  supposed  to 
be  '  Seidepore'  [see  pp.  255,  258],  though  it  was  three  leagues  short  of 
that  place.  March  20.  Off  '  Karrapatam  '  ^  they  chased  two  junks, 
which  took  refuge  in  a  river.-  They  were  captured  by  the  boats  of 
the  fleet  but  abandoned  on  finding  that  they  had  nothing  on  board 
of  any  value.  March  21.  The  Governor  of  '  Karrapatan  '  offered 
9,oco  '  larees '  for  the  two  junks,  and  this  was  accepted.  A  •  cafila  ' 
of  Portuguese  frigates  passed.  March  20-26.  Remained  '  heere  at 
Tambona  '?  watering  and  wooding  the  fleet.  The  frigate  taken 
at  Dabhol  was  fitted  out  to  accompany  the  fleet,  while  the  junk 
was  broken  up.  As  there  was  no  sign  of  the  money  being  forth- 
coming for  the  other  two  junks,  they  commenced  to  unlade  them  ; 
whereupon  the  natives  made  a  fresh  offer  of  4,000  '  larrees ',  '  which 
we  thought  better  to  take  then  nothing '.  '  This  port  is  called 
Tambona,  appertejTiing  to  the  Hydalshawe.^  It  lyeth  in  15  degrees 
and  40  minutes  ^  to  the  northwards  of  the  lyne,  being  in  shew  to  the 
eye  a  very  faire  harboure.  The  river  runs  at  least  8  myles  up  into 
the  country,  and  yet  hath  but  one  place  where  shipps  may  winter 
in,  and  those  of  small  burthen,  as  3  or  400  tonns,  which  is  upon  the 
S.  entrance  of  the  harboure.  .  .  .  Xeere  by  this  place  growes  store 
of  pepper,  which  is  usually  sold  for  7,  8  and  9  larees  per  maund.' 
March  26.  •  As  wee  were  ready  to  set  saile  to  proceede  on  our 
voyage,  there  came  a  boate  from  Karrapatan  abord  of  us,  wherein 
came  Signior  Thomas  de  Coste  (the  Japones  ^  which  in  our  former 
voyage  to  Dabull  came  passenger  upon  our  shipps  for  ditto  place) 
with  a  message  from  Sibo  Sibo,  Avardar,'^  which  is  cheife  governour 

'  Kharepatan  is  about  25  miles  up  the  Viziadrug  River,  but  the  name  was  also  applied 
(as  here)  to  the  town  at  the  mouth  (Viziadrug  or  Gheria,  later  the  famous  stronghold  of 
the  Angrias),  which  ser\-ed  as  its  port. 

-  Apparently  the  Devgad  (Deoghar)  River. 

^  Delia  Valle  mentions  his  passing  by  'Tambona',  to  the  south  of  'the  point  of 
Carapetan '  (Kharepatan,  i.  e.  Viziadrug).  The  Indian  Atlas  shows  a  village  named 
Tembhavli,  about  four  miles  up  the  Devgad  River.  This  river  Dom  Joao  de  Castro 
{Roieiro,  p.  23)  calls  '  Rio  de  Tamaraa '.     The  fleet  probably  anchored  at  the  mouth. 

*  Adil  Shah,  the  title  of  the  king  of  Bijapur  (see  p.  192). 

*  Davis  says  16°  30',  and  Sayers  16°  24'.     The  latter  is  approximately  correct. 

*  See  p.  243.     On  p.  268  he  is  called  a  'Portingall '. 

■^  'Sibo  Sibo'  is  a  hopeless  puzzle.  By  '  Avardar '  is  meant  the  Hind,  havilddr, 
familiar  nowadays  as  a  name  for  a  sepoy  non-commissioned  officer.  Among  the 
Mahrattas,  however,  a  commandant  of  a  fort  was  so  styled  Hobson-Jobson,  and  ed. 
p.  412),  and  here  the  term  is  used  in  the  general  sense  of  '  a  Governor'.     Fryer  applies 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  255 

of  a  province  belonging  to  the  Hidalshavve,  to  advise  us  that  he 
would  procure  us  leave  to  trade  in  theis  partes,  and  that  both  of 
them  had  written  to  this  effect  to  the  President  and  Councell  at 
Surratt ;  and  that  for  the  obteyning  the  Kings  ferman  this  Gover- 
nours  unckle  and  father  in  lawe,  called  by  the  name  of  Mammadamy,^ 
a  man  in  great  estimacion  with  the  King,  whome  he  would  employ 
in  this  busines,  and  doubted  not  but  to  bring  us  to  have  trade  and 
commerce  with  theis  people  upon  good  termes,  if  we  could  procure 
a  good  seguaty  [Port,  sagnate,  a  gift]  or  piscash  [Pers.  pishkash,  a 
present]  for  the  King.'  A  consultation  was  thereupon  held,  at 
which  it  was  decided  to  go  back  to  '  Seidepore  '  ,-  and  thence 
dispatch  some  factors  to  '  Rogepore '  to  treat  with  the  Governor. 
The  messenger  was  sent  back  with  a  demand  for  a  safeconduct  and 
hostages,  and  with  a  draft  in  Portuguese  of  the  concessions  required. 
March  27.  The  Refuge  was  dispatched  to  Batavia  \sic\  March  28. 
Sailed  to  '  Congra,^  which  we  supposed  to  be  Seidepore ',  but  found 
that  the  latter  place  was  two  leagues  to  leeward.  They  sounded 
over  the  bar,  and  learnt  that  the  river  ran  up  into  the  country 
at  least  eight  or  ten  miles.  March  29.  Moved  to  '  Seidipore '. 
March  30.  '  Signior  de  Coste  came  aboard  us  with  two  bannian 
merchants  our  pledges  ;  from  them  wee  had  assurance  that  the 
Governour  partly  did  approve  of  our  articles.  It  was  ordered  by 
the  Councell  of  our  fleete  that  myselfe,  Signior  Jeronimo,  and  Mr. 
Turner  should  goe  for  Rogepore  to  treate  with  Sibo  Sibo ;  and, 
to  creddit  our  busines  and  our  nation,  we  carried  with  us  a  present 
for  him  of  theis  particulers  following :  a  coat  of  mayle,  vallued  at 
10/.;  two  pistolls ;  a  fowleing  peece ;  16  amberhafted  knives; 
10  yards  of  Florence  satten.  Arriveing  at  Rogepore,  we  lodged  in 
the  house  of  Signior  Thomas  de  Coste,  where  we  were  visited  by 
all  the  cheife  merchants  of  the  towne  and  many  poore  people,  which 
came  with  small  presents,  to  whom  for  the  honor  of  our  nation 

it  to  the  Governor  of  '  Gullean '  (Kalyan),  and  in  his  glossary  explains  that  '  havaldar ' 
means  '  a  commander  '. 

^  Possibly  Mahmud  Hamid. 

^  Jaitapnr,  the  port  of  Rajapur.  It  is  on  the  Rajapur  River,  four  miles  from  its  mouth. 
De  Castro  {Roieiro,  p.  31)  calls  it  'Ceitapor',  which  is  very  near  the  form  given  in  the 
text. 

^  Andrews  calls  this  place  '  Gouncore'  or  '  Gauncore',  and  says  it  is  eight  or  ten  miles 
north  of  Jaitapur.  Evidently  Purangad  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muchkundi  River,  is 
meant.     There  is  a  village  named  Goankhadi  or  Goankhuree  near  the  river  mouth. 


256  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

we  extended  our  liberallitie.  The  seacond  day  after  our  arrivall 
we  were  receaved  at  the  Governours  house,  with  all  the  state  the 
place  could  affoard.  Our  present  to  him  was  well  accepted  of,  and 
after  he  had  feasted  us,  according  to  the  fashion  of  the  Moores,  we 
came  to  treate  with  him  of  our  busines.  And  after  some  eight 
or  nine  houres  expence  of  tyme  in  handling  our  articles,  and  some 
others  by  him  appointed  for  us  to  performe,  in  case  the  Portugal  Is 
should  break  the  peace  betweene  them  for  admitting  us  leave  to 
trade  in  those  partes,  and  after  he  had  a  while  considered  with 
himselfe,  he  made  us  this  answere :  that  questionlesse  he  could 
procure  us  the  Kings  ferman  for  trade  in  all  the  partes  and  places 
in  the  Hydalshawes  dominions,  but  excepted  against  that  article  in 
building  a  castle,  for  that,  he  saied,  was  hard  to  be  graunted  to  a 
strange  nation,  whose  fames  made  the  world  to  tremble  ;  but  tould 
us,  after  the  King  had  made  some  tryall  of  us  and  that  our  factories 
were  established  in  those  partes,  peradventure  we  might  obtaine  a 
fort  neere  the  water  side  for  safegaurd  of  our  shipps,  or,  if  that  the 
Portugalls  should  come  and  mollest  us,  theis,  said  hee,  may  drawe 
the  King  in  tyme  to  graunt  your  requests  ;  but  at  your  first  entrie, 
he  said,  by  the  way  of  trade,  for  the  King  to  give  away  his  country 
he  should  buy  our  trade  to  deare.  Farther  he  tould  us  it  were  a 
principall  motive  to  obtaine  the  Kings  favoure  for  leave  to  traffick, 
to  salve  the  wrongs  we  had  formerly  don  his  subjects,  were  to 
present  the  King  with  a  good  seguaty  or  piscash  ;  and  therein 
rested  the  conclusion  of  his  speech.  To  which  we  made  answere  : 
that  formerly  we  had  ben  twice  called  and  sent  for  by  the  Gover- 
nours of  Dabull  to  come  and  receave  free  commerce  and  trade  with 
them,  to  the  great  hinderence  and  dishonour  of  our  masters,  for 
when  we  came  they  put  us  of  with  excuses  and  frivolous  delayes, 
and  that  our  goods  could  not  be  transported  to  and  fro  but  at 
great  charges ;  soe  that  for  what  we  tooke  of  theirs  would  not 
satisfie  the  tenth  parte  of  the  charge  the[y]  put  us  to  in  calling  us 
there.  We  further  gave  him  to  understand  that  those  things  wee 
tooke  wee  sleighted  and  scorned,  and  that  we  gave  them  to  the 
marriners  and  never  came  to  our  masters  stock.  We  made  him 
knowe  alsoe  that  if  we  had  ben  a  mallitious  people,  we  could  have 
fired  all  their  junks  and  vessells  in  Dabull  and  other  places,  and 
have  beaten  downe  their  towne  about  their  eares  ;  and  that  we  had 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  257 

noe  assurance  of  our  persons  and  goods,  being  once  ashoare  in  the 
King's  dominions,  without  the  comaund  of  a  place  of  our  owne. 
Likewise  we  tould  him  that  our  President  at  Surratt  knew  well  the 
customes  of  the  country  and  what  present  befitted  such  a  potent 
king  as  his  master  (as  he  might  well  judge  by  our  respects  with  the 
Mogull  and  King  of  Persia),  to  whome  we  would  refer  him.  Not- 
withstanding all  theis  allegations,  and  sundry  others  [which]  (fearing 
to  be  tedious)  I  omitt,  wee  could  get  noe  promise  of  him  for  effect- 
ing our  intentions  untill  we  should  promise  him  what  the  vallewe  of 
the  present  should  be.  Soe  we  desired  him.  to  hould  us  excused 
untill  we  had  conferred  with  our  captaine.  and  that  from  our  shipps 
wee  would  resolve  him.  And  soe,  after  wee  had  ben  freindly 
entertayned,  we  parted  and  came  to  our  shipps.'  April  i.  A  con- 
sultation was  held  on  board  the  Mary,  at  which  it  was  decided 
to  promise  that  the  present  should  be  of  the  value  of  8,coo  rials  of 
eight.  The  Governor,  however,  replied  that  this  was  too  little,  and 
desired  that  the  question  should  be  referred  to  Surat.^  It  was 
therefore  resolved  to  leave  the  negotiations  to  the  Presidency. 
'  I  am  of  opinion,  whatsoever  it  shall  cost  under  15,000  rials  of  eight, 
it  is  better  to  come  in  by  theis  afore  mencioned  [the  Governor  and 
his  uncle]  then  for  us  to  send  unto  the  King  first,  and  reject  their 
proffer,  for  in  soe  doeing  we  shall  purchase  their  displeasure, 
whereas  we  may  have  them  our  freinds  ;  and  if  by  their  meanes 
they  can  procure  us  a  castell,  that  we  may  not  with  the  Honourable 
Companies  estate  upon  all  occasions  be  subject  to  have  a  Moores 
trick  put  upon  us,  the  mony  is  well  bestowed.'  .  .  .  '  The  harboure  of 

'  Copies  of  the  documents  exchanged  during  these  negotiations  are  given  at  p.  13 
of  the  MS.  The  English  demands  included  permission  to  build  a  castle  in  Klharepatan 
'  or  anywhere  else  that  we  shall  like  better  of  :  the  gift  of  suitable  houses  at  Rajapur  and 
other  places  where  they  might  wish  to  establish  factories :  the  fixing  of  definite  prices 
for  pepper  and  other  commodities,  and  the  guarantee  of  a  certain  yearly  supply  :  an  act 
of  oblivion  for  the  attacks  on  Dabhol :  and  leave  to  build  two  or  three  frigates  yearly 
and  to  hire  native  rowers  for  the  same.  On  his  side  the  Governor  wished  to  stipulate 
that  the  English  should  not  capture  any  vessels  bound  to  or  from  the  ports  of  the  Adil 
Shah,  and  should  assist  the  latter  in  his  wars  with  any  nation  in  whose  territories  they 
had  not  settled  factories ;  also  that  their  ships  should  not  enter  the  Rajapur  river,  but 
ride  outside.  This  last  article  was  rejected  as  inadmissible ;  as  regards  the  others,  the 
English  expressed  their  willingness  to  observe  neutrality  while  in  the  King's  ports,  but 
insisted  on  their  right  to  capture  the  vessels  of  the  Portuguese  and  other  enemies  on  the 
high  seas  without  restriction  ;  they  were  willing  to  assist  the  King  in  his  wars,  but  on 
snch  terms  as  would  secure  them  from  loss. 


258  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Seidepore  lyeth  in  the  latitude  of  i6  degrees  I3  minutes  ;  being 
a  very  good  place  for  shipps  to  ride  in  for  the  esterly  monzoone, 
but  noe  place  for  shipps  to  winter  in,  by  reason  of  the  strong  freshes 
that  comes  downe  the  river,  which  runns  soe  violent  that  noe  cables 
can  hould  them.  From  the  place  where  we  ridd  to  the  towne  of 
Seidipore  it  is  two  myles,  and  the  river  runns  up  to  the  other  towne. 
called  Rogepore,  12  miles  ;  and  beyond  this  towne  it  runns  30  myles 
into  the  country.  .  .  .  Heere  belongeth  to  the  said  two  townes 
many  junks,  which  goeth  yearely  for  the  Redd  Sea,  Achin, 
Combroone,  and  many  other  places.  Where  our  shipps  ride  there 
is  store  of  fresh  water,  and  at  the  towne  store  of  refreshing  at 
cheape  rates.  Heere  [we]  were  promised  5,000  candyes  [see  p.  245] 
of  pepper  per  annum,  if  we  had  libertie  of  trade  with  them.  They 
demaund  9  and  10  larrees  per  maund,  five  of  theise  maunds  makeing 
four  at  Surratt.  The  merchants  tould  us  they  would  yearely  fraight 
us,  if  we  pleased,  two  shipps  for  Percia  and  one  to  the  southward, 
and  would  give  us,  upon  all  goods  sold  by  the  candy,  40  larrees  for 
every  candy  of  goods  fraight,  and  5  larrees  upon  every  corge  of 
cloath,  and  to  the  southward  more,  as  we  can  agree.  Besides 
pepper,  this  country  affoards  indicoes,  sugar,  gumlack,  ginger, 
turmerick,  and  all  sorts  of  fine  cloathes ;  all  which  are  bought  heere 
at  reasonable  prizes,  and  40,  50  to  70  per  cent,  proffitt  is  usually 
made  from  hence  to  Combroone.  Our  English  commodities  are 
alsoe  like  to  vend  heere  at  good  rates,  especially  corrall,  for  the 
most  parte  of  that  which  wee  sell  at  Surratt  is  transported  by  land 
to  Visapore  [Bijapur]  (which  is  the  cheife  cittie  of  the  Hidalshawes 
dominions  and  where  he  keepes  his  court),  and  at  divers  other 
places  in  this  kingdome  lead,  cloath,  quicksilver,  and  ritch  stuffes 
will  vend  well  in  theis  partes  by  the  relation  of  theis  people ;  soe 
doe  Jewells  or  any  other  curious  things,  farr  better  then  at  Surratt.' 
April  5  \_sic\.  Letters  for  Surat  were  sent  to  the  Governor  for  convey- 
ance overland.  A  present  of  100  '  larrees '  was  given  to  Thomas 
de  Coste  for  his  assistance.  '  Since  our  being  heere  in  the  port  of 
Seidypore,  Captaine  Hall,  Mr.  Evans,  and  Mr.  Pashley  have  ben  at 
Karrapotan,  which  is  one  league  to  the  southward  of  this  place. 
B}'^  their  relacion  it  is  the  best  harboure  in  all  India,  for  100  saile 
of  shipps  may  winter  there  safely.  From  the  mouth  of  the  entry  of 
the  river  to  the  towne  of  Karrapatan  it  is  at  least  16  myles  up  ...  . 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  259 

It  is  an  excellent  good  place  alsoe  for  fortificacion,  and  good  store 
of  fresh  water  by  the  rivers  mouth ;  where  alsoe  lyeth  great  stoare 
of  stones  already  hewen  out.  Soe  that  heere  wanteth  nothing  but 
the  Kings  leave ;  then  a  small  matter  would  build  a  fort  to  oppose 
any  enymie.'  April  S-  The  ships  sailed.  '  If  the  Companie  make 
a  newe  joynt  stock,  and  that  heere  be  good  supplies  of  moneys  and 
commodities  out  of  England,  the  shipps  may  retorne  for  England 
laden  the  same  yeare  they  come  out  (if  not  all,  most  of  them),  and 
make  their  voyage  in  lesse  then  20  moneths,  as  well  as  the  Portu- 
galls.  Alsoe  if  by  our  trade  the  Portugall  break  with  this  king,  as 
it  is  hoped  he  will,  wee  shall  hinder  the  Portugalls  from  5  or  6,000 
saylors,  which  he  hath  upon  all  occasions  out  of  the  Hidalshawes 
dominions,  that  rowes  in  his  friggotts  for  small  meanes.'  April  6. 
'  In  the  morning  wee  were  within  a  league  of  the  barre  of  Goa, 
where  we  disemed  three  castles  ;  one  upon  the  north  side,  a  very 
bigg  place  upon  the  top  of  a  high  hill,  where  is  a  round  platforme 
like  a  lanthome,  envyroned  round  with  walls  which  reacheth  downe 
to  the  waterside.  Another  castle  you  shall  finde  upon  the  south 
side,  opposite  to  the  former ;  and  another  built  lately  upon  the 
northermost  end  of  one  of  the  lies  of  Keymathes,  which  is  the  first 
iland  neerest  Goa.^  Two  or  three  ilands  more  are  neere  adjoyning, 
all  of  them  called  by  the  name  of  Burnt  Ilands,  and  indeede  the 
places  brooketh  the  name  very  well,  for  there  is  nothing  upon  them. 
From  under  some  of  theis  ilands  came  out  unto  us  12  man  a  warre 
friggotts,  at  whom  the  Starre,  being  asterne  of  the  fleete  and 
neerest  them,  made  some  8  or  9  shott  at  them,  and  then  they  left 
us.  Theis  friggotts  were  built  purposely  to  keepe  the  barre  upon 
all  occasions,  to  rescue  any  of  their  shipps  that  shall  come  upon  the 
coast  in  distresse.  The  money  that  paid  for  them  was  by  collection 
of  the  peoples  freewill  at  Goa,  and  called  the  Caffila  de  Calleta.- 
April  7.  Reached  the  island  of  'Angedive'.^     They  noticed  two 

*  The  two  forts  on  the  mainland  were  named  Agnada  and  Cabo  respectively.  The 
tortified  island  must  be  Secretario,  but  Predys  is  wrong  in  classing  it  as  one  of  the 
Quiemados  ('  Burnt ')  Islands,  which  are  considerably  to  the  north. 

*  I.  e.  the  fleet  of  the  creek.  Port,  calheta. 

'  Anjidiv  or  Angediva,  an  island  off  Karwar,  belonging  to  Portugal.  It  is  chiefly 
remembered  as  the  spot  where  the  English  troops,  under  the  command  of  Sir  Abraham 
Shipman,  awaited  the  surrender  of  Bombay  by  the  Portuguese.  A  description  of  the 
island  was  given  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Varley,  I.  C.  S^  in  the  Geographical  Journal  for 
April,  1904. 

S  2 


26o  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

platforms,  one  at  the  north  and  the  other  at  the  south  end  of  the 
island.  '  In  former  tymes  carricks  have  careened  in  this  place  and 
wintred,  and  it  is  supposed  by  us  that  those  platformes  ....  were 
made  by  the  Portugalls.'  April  8.  '  Wee  woodded  and  ballasted 
our  shipps  and  went  ashoare  upon  the  maine.  Heere  was  brought 
us  store  of  henns  and  fruite,  but  we  could  get  noe  beeves,  by  reason 
that  the  governour  of  the  place  lived  about  half  a  dayes  journey 
from  the  water  side,  and  in  his  absense,  the  inhabitants  tould  us, 
they  durst  not  sell  any.  Neere  by  this  place  growes  great  store  of 
pepper  and  ginger ;  and  here  is  to  be  had  many  other  commodities, 
as  in  the  Hydalxa  his  country,  to  whome  this  continent  alsoe 
belongeth.  This  country  is  alsoe  full  of  tymber  to  build,  and  not 
passing  three  leagues  from  this  place  is  a  river  from  whence  the 
Portugalls  have  a  great  parte  of  the  wood  wherewith  they  build 
their  vessells  at  Goa.  This  place  might  easely  be  fortified  and  kept 
from  any  enymie  (especially  upon  the  iland)  without  any  great 
mollestation,  for  from  the  iland  you  may  shoote  over  to  the  maine, 
and  if  we  had  any  ordinaunce  upon  theis  platformes  our  shipps 
might  securely  ride  under  their  shelter.  Besides,  if  we  had  this 
place  under  our  comaund  wee  should  annoy  the  Portugalls  very 
much,  in  keepeing  from  him  all  his  masts  that  cometh  from  Canna- 
nore  to  Goa,  for  they  towe  them  betweene  this  iland  and  the 
maine.  Further,  this  place  lyeth  in  the  heart  of  India  for  trade 
with  the  Mallabarrs,  Callicutts,  and  Cochinders,  which  places  abound 
with  pepper,  all  which  we  should  in  tyme,  either  by  faire  termes  or 
constraint,  make  them  bring  their  commodities  thither,  or  else 
admitt  us  leave  to  trade  in  their  country.  All  the  difficultie  that  I 
conceave  may  be  prejudiciall  to  our  masters  is  this:  the  distance  of 
the  way  betweene  this  and  Surratt,  which  wilbe  a  long  tyme  ere  our 
shipps  can  turn  it  upp,  and  very  dangerous  for  a  lone  shipp  to  passe 
by  Goa,  our  enymies  port.  But  in  coming  from  Surratt  hither  there 
is  noe  danger.'  April  9.  Passed  the  castle  of  'Onor'  [Honawar], 
which  report  said  was  garrisoned  by  only  twelve  Portuguese  and 
some  blacks.  April  10.  Reaching  Mangalore,  they  found  two 
junks  in  the  bay.  At  first  Captain  Hall  thought  of  sending  his 
boats  to  fetch  them  out,  but  on  consideration  it  was  decided  not  to 
lose  time  by  attempting  this.  Passing  along  the  coast  two  more 
junks  were  seen  and  captured.       April  11.  The  prizes  were  over- 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  261 

hauled  and  found  to  be  empty.  A  Malabar  junk  was  chased 
ashore  and  some  goods  taken  out  of  her.  In  the  afternoon  another 
junk  was  captured  and  taken  into  '  Mountdelee '  [see  p.  125]. 
April  11.  A  message  from  the  King  of  Cannanore  promised  sup- 
plies if  the  fleet  would  come  thither,  but  hearing  that  there  were 
at  Cochin  three  ships  from  Ceylon,  bound  for  Goa,  it  was  decided 
to  make  for  that  port  without  delay.  The  three  junks  were  left 
empty  at  anchor,  and  a  letter  was  written  to  the  King  of  Canna- 
nore, stating  that  they  would  accept  his  offer  of  trade  on  some 
future  occasion.  In  sailing  along  the  coast,  the  Harfs  barge 
attacked  a  frigate,  although  Captain  Hall  had  ordered  that  no  more 
of  these  poor  country  vessels  should  be  meddled  with.  However, 
she  made  so  stout  a  resistance  that  James  Cheshire,  master  of  the 
barge,  was  killed  and  eleven  men  hurt.  April  15.  They  reached 
Cochin,  where  they  saw  the  three  ships  in  the  road  and  seven  or 
eight  others  further  in.  They  were  also  thirteen  frigates  at  anchor 
near  the  bar.  The  seamen  objected  to  make  an  attack,  as  the 
water  was  found  to  be  shallow  and  bad  weather  was  feared ;  so  the 
project  was  abandoned.  '  The  towne  of  Cochin  is  almost  as  great 
as  Goa,  and  fairely  built  with  stone ;  wherein  are  many  churches 
and  castles.  A  mile  and  a  half  up  the  river  stands  the  Kings  towne, 
from  whence  he  is  able  to  put  in  feild  5,000  blacks  in  armes  accord- 
ing to  their  manner,  in  the  behalfe  of  the  Portugall  and  himselfe 
Neverthelesse,  this  place  is  easeye  to  be  taken  if  we  had  three 
or  four  shipps  like  the  Hopeivell,  with  a  pilote  to  conduct  them  into 
the  harboure  ;  for  theis  friggotts  we  mett  with  were  heere  by  chance 
to  conduct  a  caffila  for  Goa.'  April  19.  Saw  the  high  land  of 
'Brian  John'.^  'This  was  the  last  land  wee  sawe  upon  the  coast 
of  India.'  ^  April  25.  Crossed  the  Line.  May  23.  Sighted 
Rodriguez.  May  27.  Reached  Mauritius.  May  28.  Got  into  a 
harbour  there,  where  they  obtained  plenty  of  refreshments.  June  7, 
The  William  arrived.  Jimc  17.  Two  men  punished  for  a  detest- 
able crime.     {Last  entry.     26^ pp.) 

*  Vilinjam,  near  Trivandrum ;  see  a  note  on  p.  i  of  the  1618-21  volume. 
'  Predys  gives  a  list  of  the  ports  on  the  coast  from  Swally  to  Cape  Comorin,  with  their 
distances  from  one  another. 


362  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Another  Account,  by  David  Davis  in  the  Hart 
[Maritie  Records,  vol.  xliv.  p.  67). 

1628,  Urairh  I.  '  The  President  Keeredge  came  to  Swaley  to 
hasten  our  ships  away  to  sea ;  but  that  night  (as  God  would  have 
it)  the  Portingalls  trechery  was  found  out  by  Jeronimo.'  March  3. 
'  The  Portugall  was  examined,  who  confessed  the  plott  that  was 
pretended  against  us  at  Bombay ;  whereuppon  he  had  the  topp  of 
his  fingers  burnt  and  the  topp  of  his  nose.  The  plott  was  that  we 
should  come  to  Bombay  and  take  a  castle  peaceably,  which  castell 
Captain  Hale  had  beene  before  with  the  Mary,  Hopezvell,  and 
Refuge  the  while  [we  ?],  viz.  the  Exchange,  the  William,  the  Hart, 
and  the  Starr,  were  at  Persia ;  and  after  that  we  had  landed  our 
men  and  had  the  possession  thereof,  that  there  was  a  vault  under 
the  castell  full  of  powder  ready  to  blow  us  upp.  Then  that 
5,000  souldiors  should  come  from  the  maine  in  theyr  frigotts 
and  enter  our  ships  and  cutt  of  all  our  heads  that  should  be  left.' 
March  12.  The  fleet,  consisting  of  the  Mary,  Hart,  Star,  Hope- 
well, and  Refjige,  sailed  from  Swally,  leaving  there  the  Exchange 
and  the  William  and  five  Dutch  ships.  March  15.  '  We  were 
before  the  entring  in  at  Danderagpore,  which  is  a  good  harbour 
within  a  deepe  bay,  and  a  maine  strong  castell,  which  is  the 
Dickerny  [Dakhinl]  countrey.'  MarcJi  16.  'Our  barge  went  in 
and  sounded  about  the  castell.'  March  17.  'We  weighed  and 
stood  out  of  the  bay.'  March  18,  Sailed  from  the  Road  [of 
Dabhol].  March  20.  The  Hopen'cll  chased  two  Malabar  junks 
into  '  Tomanars ',  where  they  were  captured  and  proved  to  be  laden 
with  coco-nuts,  betel-nuts,  and  cardamomum  seeds.  March  21. 
The  Governor  agreed  to  purchase  the  prizes  for  9,000  '  larris ', 
equivalent  to  7..200  mahmudls  or  36c/.  March  36.  Received  4,000 
'laris'  for  the  two  junks.  March  27.  The  Refuge  departed 
for  Batavia.  March  28.  The  remaining  vessels  sailed  northwards 
again.  March  29.  Anchored  at  '  Radgpoore '.  April  4.  Sailed. 
Called  at  '  Carripotame ',  where  the  barges  went  up  for  six  miles. 
April  7.  Reached  the  island  of  '  Angeduo '.  April  8.  Left, 
after  purchasing  provisions,  and  sailed  southwards.  April  11. 
Anchored  at  'the  roade  of  Mount  Deley'  with  three  prize  junks. 
April  12.  Sailed  again.     May  23.  Saw  an  island,  which  proved  to 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  263 

be  '  Deago  de  Roys"  [Rodriguez].  May  27.  Sighted  Mauritius. 
May  29.  Anchored  there.  Jime  7.  The  William  came  in. 
jfiine  18.  The  whole  fleet  sailed,  after  being  detained  some 
hours  by  Kerridge  and  the  commanders  being  on  shore  hunting. 
yH7ie  21.  Reached  '  Englands  Forrest'.^  June  16.  The  Williajn 
parted  company  for  England.  July  i.  Saw  Madagascar. 
July  6.  Anchored  in  the  road  at  St.  Augustine's,  and  found  there 
the  ^^^/^,  which  had  been  beaten  back  from  the  Cape.  July  11. 
Sailed  again.  July  19,  Saw  the  African  coast.  July  20.  Three 
boats  were  sent  to  take  a  Portuguese  frigate,  but  were  repulsed 
with  eight  men  wounded.  Jidy  22.  Anchored  in  Mozambique 
Road,  where  they  could  descry  four  sails  in  the  harbour.  July  2^. 
•  Our  commanders  went  ashore  with  the  five  ships  boats  and  neere 
100  shott,  and  landed  on  the  point  of  the  headland  of  the  maine 
and  marched  som  two  miles  upp  into  the  land,  where  nobody 
resisted.'  July  31.  The  fleet  sailed.  Atigiist  3.  Saw  the  Comoros. 
August  4.  Anchored  at  Johanna.  August  20.  Went  to  Mohilla, 
but  finding  no  ships  there  proceeded  for  Surat.  September  27. 
Saw  the  Indian  coast  near  Bassein,  September  30.  Reached 
Swally,  and  found  there  the  Jonas,  Expedition,  and  a  junk  taken 
by  the  former ;  also  four  Dutch  ships.  October  4.  Came  into  the 
Hole  the  Exchange,  the  Blessing,  the  Christopher,  and  the  Blessing's 
prize,  named  the  Little  James;  also  two  Dutch  ships  from  the 
Red  Sea.     (19  //.) 

Another  Account,  by  John  Pashley,  Master  of  the 
Star  {Ibid.,  vol.  xlviii.  p.  S3)- 

1628,  March  12.  The  fleet  sailed'.  March  15.  Anchored  near 
'  a  castell  called  Danda.  This  castell  standeth  one  a  small  iland 
aboute  pistall  shott  from  the  maine '.  The  boats  sounded  the 
harbour  for  some  distance.  March  17.  Set  sail.  In  the  after- 
noon anchored  in  Dabhol  Road.  Captain  Hall  with  the  Hopcivell 
and  Reftigc  went  into  the  river  and  captured  a  junk  and  a  frigate 
'indespighte  of  thetowne'.     March  18.  Captain  Hall  got  out  of 

'  Reunion.  It  was  originally  known  as  Mascarenhas,  from  the  name  of  its  Portuguese 
discoverer.  In  1613  it  was  visited  by  the  English  interloper  Pearl,  under  Captain 
Castleton,  who  gave  it  the  name  of  England's  Forest,  though  it  was  sometimes  called 
Pearl  Island,  after  the  ship  {Purchas,  vol.  i.  p.  331).  For  a  description  see  Herbert's 
Travels  (1638  edn.,  p.  351). 


264  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

the  river,  with  the  loss  of  one  or  two  men  wounded,  although  he 
had  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  three  or  four  forts.  The  fleet  sailed. 
March  20.  Anchored  off  a  port  called  'Tamana'.  March  21. 
Seventy  or  eighty  Portuguese  frigates,  bound  to  the  northwards, 
came  by.  March  25.  On  receiving  a  message  from  the  Governor 
of  'Ragapore',  it  was  resolved  to  proceed  thither.  March  27. 
The  Reftige  was  dispeeded  to  Batavia.  March  29.  The  ships 
reached  the  port  of  Rajapur.  March  30.  Hostages  having  been 
received,  the  English  merchants  started  to  visit  the  Governor. 
April  2.  The  merchants  returned  with  proposals  from  him.  An 
answer  was  sent  by  two  Portuguese.  April  4.  The  ships  sailed. 
The  Star  and  the  Hopewell  went  into  the  port  of  '  Caropotan '  to 
sui-vey  the  harbour.  The  Portuguese  returned  with  an  answer 
from  the  Governor  of  Rajapur.  April  ^.  The  fleet  sailed.  April  6. 
Stood  into  Goa  Road,  but  found  only  frigates  there.  April  7. 
Anchored  at  the  island  of  'Angydue'.  April  8.  Left  again. 
April  10.  Near  Mangalore  two  small  junks  were  captured. 
April  II.  A  third  was  picked  up,  and  the  fleet  anchored  '  under 
Mountdelee'.  April  12.  Sailed  for  Cochin.  April  15.  Reached 
that  place,  and  fired  at  a  squadron  of  frigates  lying  there  ;  but 
finding  that  no  good  could  be  done  the  fleet  sailed  again.  April  17. 
Saw  '  the  towne  of  Colane  [Quilon],  the  which  allsoe  is  inhabeted 
by  the  Portugall '.  April  25,  Crossed  the  Line.  May  24.  Captain 
Hall  attempted  to  land  at  the  island  of  Rodriguez,  but  the  surf 
was  too  violent ;  so  the  voyage  was  resumed.  Alay  28.  Anchored 
in  a  harbour  at  the  island  of  Mauritius.  Jiine  7.  The  William 
arrived.  yune  18.  They  all  set  sail.  Jjine  21.  Sighted  the 
island  of  Reunion  \sce  p.  263].  '  Wee  would  have  ankered  at 
this  iland,  but  found  noe  convenient  place.'  June  26.  The  Wil- 
liavi  parted  company.  July  i.  Saw  land.  Jicly  6.  Anchored  at 
St.  Augustine's,  where  the  Eagle  was  found  riding.  She  was 
homewards  bound  from  Bantam,  and  had  got  as  far  as  the  Cape 
but  was  beaten  back  by  bad  weather.  She  was  leaky,  and  her 
crew  were  sickly,  seventeen  having  died  already.  July  7.  The 
Eagle  was  pronounced  unfit  to  proceed  to  England ;  and  so  it  was 
decided  to  repair  her  and  carry  her  to  Surat.  July  9.  On  the 
complaint  of  his  crew,  Eustace  Man  was  removed  from  the  com- 
mand of  the  Eagle  and  sent  a  prisoner  on  board  the  Hart.     Peter 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  265 

Cowlan  was  made  master  in  his  place.  A  brisk  trade  was  carried 
on  with  the  natives  for  cattle  and  sheep  in  exchange  for  red  beads. 
y^/Zj/  II.  The  fleet  sailed,  yz^/y  19.  Saw  the  coast  of  Mozambique. 
The  ships  spread  themselves  in  a  long  line  to  seawards,  in  order  to 
intercept  any  Portuguese  vessels  that  might  be  passing,  ^ufy  20. 
The  boats  attacked  a  frigate,  but  returned  with  four  or  five  men 
hurt.  !^u/y  22.  Anchored  off  Mozambique,  where  five  small  Portu- 
guese vessels  were  riding.  ^n/j  23.  Two  or  three  hundred  men 
landed  '  on  Cabasera'  [Cape  Cabeceira,  on  the  north  side  of  Mozam- 
bique approach]  and  marched  a  mile  or  two  to  some  Portuguese 
houses.  The  inhabitants  fled  ;  and  the  sailors  returned  with  some 
oranges  and  lemons  and  nineteen  '  negers '.  7nfy  24.  The  Hope- 
well and  the  John  were  sent  to  sea  to  look  for  Portuguese  vessels. 
July  26.  They  returned.  A  boat  was  captured,  which  had  been 
dispatched  to  give  warning  of  the  English  being  there,  yidy  31. 
The  fleet  sailed.  Augtist  4.  Anchored  at  Johanna.  Augzist  5. 
The  cargo  of  the  Eagle  was  ordered  to  be  transferred  to  the  Star. 
August  7.  The  Hopeii'ell  was  sent  to  Mohilla  to  look  for  the 
expected  fleet  from  England.  August  \^.  She  returned.  August  2Q. 
The  fleet  stood  over  to  Mohilla,  but  found  no  ships  there.  The 
voyage  v/as  accordingly  resumed.  September  27.  Saw  the  coast  of 
India.  September  30.  Anchored  in  Swally  Road,  where  they  found 
the  Jonas  and  the  Expeditioi.  October  i.  Went  into  the  Hole. 
Four  Dutch  ships  from  Batavia  were  there.  October  5.  The 
Exchange  and  two  '  Flemings '  arrived  from  the  Red  Sea ;  also 
the  Blessing,  the  Christopher,  and  the  pinnace  Coco-nut  (a  prize 
of  the  Blessing)  from  Bantam.  October  11 .  A  drunken  Dutchman 
stabbed  an  Englishman,  causing  his  death  ;  two  others  were  hurt 
\see  p.  292].  October  12.  A  Dutch  ship  arrived  from  Batavia. 
October  15.  Thomas  Robinson  was  sent  on  board  as  a  prisoner. 
October  20.  The  trial  of  Eustace  Man  was  commenced.  Novem- 
ber II.  The  Royal  Mary  and  the  pinnace  John  sailed  for  Bantam 
December  11.  'The  pinis  James  (a  Portugall  prise  which  was  taken 
by  the  Blessing  goinge  to  Bantom),  shee  haveing  bin  upe  Surrat 
Ryver  to  bee  trimmed,  and  comminge  downe  againe  with  two 
barges  to  atend  her,  was  by  16  Portugall  frygots  fyred,  most  of 
the  men  slaine  and  taken  prisoners  by  the  Portugalles.  Som 
escaped  in  the  two  barges  and  runn  one  shore,  but  the  Portugalls 


a66  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

persuinge  them  surprised  the  barges.  They  beelonged,  one  to  the 
Harte,  the  other  to  our  shipp  the  Starr ;  and  of  our  men  wee  lost 
five  eyther  slaine  or  taken  prisoners.'     (31  pp.) 

Another  Account,  by  Abraham  Sayers  in  the  Hope- 
well [Marine  Records,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  '>fi). 

1628,  March  12.  Sailed.  March  15.  Arrived  at  '  Donderoger- 
poore'.  March  17.  Left  again,  and  anchored  at  Dabhol. 
March  18.  Captain  Hall  took  two  prizes.  March  20.  Two 
small  junks  captured  at  'Tamena'.  March  28.  Came  away  from 
'  Apagode,^  otherwise  called  Tamena  by  the  people  of  the  country '. 
March  30.  Anchored  at  '  Nossapora ',  two  leagues  from  '  Carra- 
potan'.  April  4.  Moved  to  the  latter  place.  April  5.  Sailed. 
April  7.  Came  to  'Angedue'.  April  9.  Departed.  April  11. 
Reached  '  Mountadele '.  April  1 2.  Left  again.  May  24.  Visited 
Rodriguez,  but  could  not  find  a  place  to  anchor.  May  2'],  Reached 
'the  Morrosses '  [Mauritius].  May  28.  Went  into  the  harbour. 
June  18.  The  Mary,  Hart,  Star,  Hopewell,  and  a  frigate,  sailed. 
The  William,  which  left  Swally  a  month  after  the  fleet,  homewards 
bound,  accompanied  them.  June  21.  Saw  the  island  of  '  Domas 
Carenus'  [Do  Mascarenhas :  see  p.  263].  Jime  22.  Departed 
again.  Jime  26.  In  lat.  25"  36'  the  William  quitted  them. 
July  I.  Saw  the  coast  of  Madagascar.  July  6.  Anchored  at 
St.  Augustine's,  finding  there  the  Eagle,  bound  for  England. 
July  II.  Sailed  again.  July  18.  Reached  the  headland  called 
'  Doe  Tangars ',  about  25  leagues  from  Mozambique.  Resolved 
that  the  fleet  should  lie  off  and  on  to  wait  for  '  a  carreck  that 
comes  to  Mousambege  every  yeare '.  'We  did  chase  a  Portingale 
fregat  with  three  barges,  and  sett  her  up  and  fought  withe  her  and 
had  5  men  spoyld  and  were  forcd  to  put  off  from  her,  in  regard  it 
was  night  and  the  ships  a  great  way  from  us.'  July  21.  Bore  up 
for  Mozambique.  July  22.  Anchored  in  the  Road.  July  31. 
Sailed  again.  August  4.  Anchored  at  '  St.  John '  [Johanna]. 
August  20.  Departed.  September  27.  Saw  the  Indian  coast. 
September  30.  Reached  Swally.  The  Jonas  had  arrived  two  or 
three  days  earlier.     {^9  PP-) 

*  'Oppagods'  appears  on  Baffin's  map  (1619),  a  little  to  the  south  of  'Carapam' 
[Kharepatan].  This  is  copied  from  the  map  in  the  English  edition  of  Linschoten,  where 
it  appears  as  '  Opagod  '. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  267 

Another  Account,  by  Edward  Austin  in  the  Hart 
{Ibid.,  vol.  xlvii.  p.  38). 

1628,  March  12.  The  fleet  sailed.  March  ij.  Reached  Danda- 
Rajpurl.  March  17.  Anchored  at  Dabhol.  Captain  Hall  went  into 
the  harbour  with  the  Hopewell  and  Refuge,  and  brought  out  a  junk 
and  a  frigate,  after  firing  a  hundred  shots  at  the  town.  March  18. 
Sailed.  March  20.  The  Hopezvell  chased  two  junks  into  '  Tam- 
bona'.  March  I"].  The  i^^//^^' left  for  Batavia.^  March  2^.  The 
fleet  sailed.  March  29.  Reached  'Rashapore'.  April  4.  The 
Star  and  the  Hopezvell  went  to  '  Callepatana '  for  water.  April  5. 
Sailed.  Aprils.  Were  off  Goa.  April'].  Anchored  at  "Angidue '. 
April  10.  Off  Mangalore  took  two  junks  with  coco-nuts.  April  1 1. 
Captured  another  junk  and  anchored  at  'Mountalee'.  April  ij^. 
Anchored  two  leagues  from  Cochin.  April  1^.  Fired  at  a  squadron 
of  thirteen  frigates.  May  23.  Saw  '  the  Degorayes '  [Rodriguez]. 
May  28.  Reached  Mauritius.  June  7.  The  Williaju  came  in. 
June  18.  The  fleet  sailed.  Jime  21.  Passed  'the  English  Forrest' 
[see  p.  263].  June  27.  The  William  departed  for  England,  jftily  i. 
Sighted  Madagascar.  July  6.  Anchored  in  '  Augustin  Bay '. 
Jtily  II.  Set  sail,  in  company  with  the  Eagle,  which  was  in  the 
road  when  they  arrived.  Jtdy  19.  Reached  the  African  coast. 
July  20.  The  ships'  boats  attacked  a  frigate,  but  were  beaten 
off,  with  six  men  hurt.  July  22.  Anchored  off  Mozambique. 
July  23.  The  boats  went  ashore  and  came  back  with  some 
oranges  and  lemons  and  12  or  16  negro  prisoners.  July  24. 
The  Hopezvell  and  the  pinnace  jfohi  were  sent  to  look  for 
vessels.  July  25.  They  chased  a  boat  ashore.  July  31.  The 
fleet  sailed.  Augtist  4.  Anchored  at  Johanna.  August  20.  Stood 
over  to  Mohilla  (the  Eagle  still  in  company).  Sailed  for  Surat. 
Septe^nber  27.  '  Fell  with  the  land  of  St.  Johns.'  Septejnber  30. 
Anchored  at  Swally  Bar,  and  found  there  the  Jonas  and  Expedition, 
newly  arrived  from  England.  October  2.  Went  into  the  Hole, 
where  four  Dutch  ships  were  riding.  October  4.  Arrived  the 
Blessing,  the  Christopher,  and  a  small  frigate,  from  Bantam ;  also 
the  Exchange  z.xi'dL  two  Hollanders  from  the  Red  Sea.     [20^ pp.) 

^  ['  Bantan '  in  margin.] 


268  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Another  Account,  by  Peter  Andrews*  {Marine  Records, 
vol.  xlix.  p.  24). 

1628,  March  12.  Sailed.  March  15.  Anchored  at  'Danda'. 
March  17.  Sailed  to  Dabhol.  March  18.  Having  made  two  prizes, 
they  departed.  March  19.  Anchored  at  'Gouncore'  \see  p.  255]. 
March  20.  Went  into  '  Tambona '.  March  24.  A  boat  came  from 
'  Ragapore ',  with  a  '  Portingall '  (who  '  came  passenger  with  us  the 
voyage  before  to  Dabull'  [see  p.  254]),  inviting  the  English  to  come 
and  trade  at  that  place ;  whereupon  it  was  decided  that  the  Mary, 
Hart,  and  Star  should  go  thither,  leaving  the  Hopewell,  Refuge,  and 
the  frigate  behind.  March  27.  The  Refuge  started  for  Batavia. 
March  28.  The  three  ships  sailed  but  overshot  their  destination 
and  anchored  at  '  Gauncore '  once  more.  March  29.  Reached 
'  Ragapore  '  [Jaitapur].  '  This  baye  is  a  most  dainty  bay  to  ride 
in  .  .  .  and  is  a  most  daynty  place  for  all  manner  of  fishe,  and  for 
oysters  no  better  in  the  world.  The  people  used  us  very  kindly.' 
April  4.  Moved  to  '  Carrapotan',  where  the  Star  and  Hopewell 
explored  the  bay  '  and  fownd  it  a  most  brave  harbour '.  April  5. 
The  fleet  sailed.  April  6.  Passed  Goa.  April  7.  Anchored  at  the 
island  of  '  Angudua'.  April  ?>.  Set  sail.  April  10.  Reached  Man- 
galore  ;  sailed  again  and  captured  two  junks.  April  11.  Took  a 
third  junk,  and  went  in  under  '  Mount  Dillee '.  April  12.  Departed. 
April  14.  Anchored  at  Cochin.  April  15.  Fired  at  a  squadron  of 
frigates, 'but  they  rewe  awaye'.  Resumed  the  voyage.  April  16. 
'  Strock  downe  20  peece  of  ordnance  '.^  May  23.  Saw  '  Digoe 
Royze  '.  May  24.  Endeavoured  to  land,  but  could  not  do  so  on 
account  of  the  surf  May  27.  Sighted  Mauritius.  May  28.  Warped 
into  a  harbour  there.  June  7.  The  Williaiu  anchored  'thwart  of 
Turtle  Baye  '.  June  18.  Sailed.  They  had  careened  and  ballasted 
the  Mary,  and  taken  in  water  and  provisions.  Jtme  26.  The  William 
departed.  July  i.  Saw  the  southern  coast  of  Madagascar.  July  6. 
Reached  •' Augusteene  Bay',  where  they  found  the  Eagle.  July  10. 
Andrews  was  made  master  of  the  Hart.  July  11.  The  fleet  sailed. 
July  19.  Saw  land.     Jtdy  20.  Chased  a  vessel,  which  proved  to  be 

'  In  the  Mary  till  July  lo ;  after  that  in  the  Hart. 

"  i.e.  they  put  most  of  their  guns  into  the  hold,  as  there  was  little  likelihood  of 
fighting  in  those  waters. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  259 

'  a  great  Portingall  friggott  and  full  of  menn  and  well  appointed  '. 
The  Hart's  barge  made  an  attack,  but,  as  the  other  boats  failed  to 
support  her,  she  was  beaten  off  with  seven  men  badly  hurt.  July  22. 
Came  into  Mozambique  Road.  July  23.  A  force  was  landed,  which 
burnt  some  Portuguese  houses  and  brought  back  twenty  slaves. 
July  25.  The  Hopezvell  returned,  with  a  captured  Portuguese  boat. 
July  31.  The  fleet  sailed  for  the  Comoro  Islands.  August  4. 
Anchored  at  Johanna.  August  7.  The  Star  began  to  take  in  the 
Eagle  s  lading  ;  and  the  Hopewell  went  to  Mohilla.  August  20. 
The  fleet  departed.  September  27.  Sighted  the  coast  of  India. 
September  30.  Reached  the  Bar  of  Swally,  where  the  Jonas  and 
Expedition  were  riding.  There  were  four  Dutch  ships  in  the  Hole. 
October  3.  The  Blessing,  Exchange,  Christopher,  and  two  Hollan- 
ders came  in  sight.  Novetnber  11.  The  Mary  sa.iled  for  Bantam. 
November  18.  The  Hart  began  to  lade  for  England.  November  25. 
Three  Dutch  ships  sailed  for  Batavia.  December  8.  The  Harfs 
destination  was  changed  to  Persia.  December  12.  A  prize  burnt 
by  the  Portuguese  frigates,  with  the  loss  of  about  thirty  men. 
(2ii//.) 

Captain  Christopher  Brown  at  Swally  to  the  Presi- 
dent AT  Surat,  March  11,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Swat, 
vol.  cii.  p.  558). 

Is  sorry  to  hear  they  must  miss  the  Agra  caravan.  Captain  Hall 
had  departed  before  the  letter  arrived.     [Copy.     ^  p.) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
at  Broach  ■  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat, 
March  12,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  558). 

Have  received  the  6,oco  mahmudls  ;  also  1,490  from  the  Governor 
for  sheet  lead  sold  to  him.  The  goods  were  cleared  on  the  icth, 
and  yesterday  the  Ahmadabad  caravan  was  sent  on  to  Surat, 
carrying  also  some  cotton  yarn  and  cloth  from  this  place.  Yester- 
day arrived  a  second  consignment  from  Ahmadabad,  in  company 
with  the  goods  of  the  Dutch  ;  will  forward  them  as  soon  as  possible. 
{Copy.     1  p.     Received  March  1  J,.) 


270  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Nathaniel  Mouxtney,  Nathaniel  Wyche,  and  William 
Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  President  and  Council 
AT  Surat,  March  i6,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Stirat,  vol.  cii. 
p.  562). 

Nothing  heard  yet  of  the  goods  sent  from  Surat  for  transmission 
to  Agra :  but  Hopkinson.  who  left  last  Tuesday,  met  them  two 
days  ago  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  and  so  they  will  be  here 
shortly.  Have  remitted  Rs.  10,000  to  Agra  by  exchange,  and 
hope  to  send  a  similar  amount  shortly.  The  exchange  is  very 
high,  'being  97  for  100.'  Cannot  get  rid  of  the  '  sunneeas '  [see 
p.  235]  sent  up,  except  at  a  loss  ;  they  cost  30I  mahmudls  in  Surat, 
but  here  are  only  worth  Rs.  I2|,  equivalent  to  28|  mahmudls. 
The  necessity  of  getting  funds  to  pay  their  sugar  merchants,  '  being 
banjarres,^  and  therefore  cannot  stay  for  their  monies,'  has  induced 
them  to  pledge  the  gold  for  Rs.  8,000,  at  one-half  per  cent,  interest. 
Offer  for  lead  in  exchange  for  indigo  ;  request  instructions.  The 
'  rowtee  '  [Hind,  rdoti,  a  small  tent]  will  be  brought  down  by  Tottle 
and  the  rest.  P.S. — Report  a  further  offer  for  the  lead.  {Copy. 
2\  pp.     Received  March  2\.) 

Gregory  Clement,  John  Bangham,  and  Ralph  Cart- 
wright  AT  Agra  to  the  Same,  March  17,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  580). 

The  caravan  has  now  been  dispatched,  but  only  after  much 
trouble,  first  with  their  creditors  and  the  camelmen,  and  then  with 
the  King,  for  buying  and  transporting  saltpetre  without  authority. 
'  Gregory  Clement  and  John  Bangham  weare  kept  a  whole  dale  and 
night  prisoners  in  the  castle.  At  last,  after  enquirie,  the  King  gave 
licence ;  and  wee,  giving  a  bribe  and  present  to  his  mynion,  Reza 
Bauder,^  weare  released,  and  our  caphila  had  leave  to  departe,  and 
moreover  obteyned  licence  for  the  buying  of  2,000  m[au]ns  more. 
The  Dutch  hath  been  troubled  concerning  saltpeter  in  like  manner.* 
The  caravan  started  on  the  1 1  th.    Invoice  now  forwarded.    Rs.  2,coo 

*  Hind,  haitjdrd,  itinerant  dealers,  mostly  in  grain  and  salt.  They  are  often  referred  to 
under  the  name  of  bnnjarries. 

'  See  note  on  p.  240,  supra,  and  the  introduction  to  the  previous  volume,  p.  xxv. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  271 

advanced  to  Bangham  for  charges  on  the  way.  Had  hopes  of  selling 
Abbot's  emeralds  to  Mir  Musa,  but  he  has  returned  them.  He 
recently  lent  the  factors  Rs.^  i!5oo,  which  proved  very  useful.  On 
the  strength  of  Virjl  Vora's  letter  of  credit  they  succeeded  in  bor- 
rowing Rs.  5,coo,  and  '  Bimgee'  guaranteed  a  loan  of  Rs.  3,000  for 
them.  They  have  had  the  greatest  trouble  for  want  of  means  to 
clear  their  caravan,  and  hope  never  to  undergo  the  like.  Estate  of 
the  late  Justinian  Offley.  His  cousin,  Robert  Clitherow,  privately 
conveyed  away  a  bill  of  debt  of  his  own  for  200/.,  as  acknowledged 
in  a  note  quoted  at  length.  Refer  also  to  a  consultation  held  here 
on  December  31,  in  which  Clitherow's  demeanour,  carriage,  and 
proceedings  were  censured.  Send  'the  Kings  laskars  accompt ',  as 
it  stands  in  their  books.  Bangham  forwards  a  journal  and  ledger, 
and  desires  that  they  may  be  dispatched  to  England  in  lieu  of 
those  already  sent  down.  '  Since  our  last  wee  vissited  the  Nabob 
Assuffe  Caun,  to  whome  wee  had  frendlie  accesse,  himselfe  pro- 
mising his  favour  and  furtherance  in  all  our  occasions.  Yesterdaie 
hee  feasted  the  King  sumptuouslie  att  his  owne  house.  The  present 
occurrences  in  court  is  a  gennerall  lessening  of  former  livings  and 
mayntenance  of  all  degrees  of  the  late  Kings  amraws  and  servants, 
with  dispeed  of  divers  of  them  to  sundrie  parts  of  theis  dominions.' 
P.S. — Bangham  has  been  detained  here  for  various  purposes,  but 
leaves  to-morrow  to  overtake  the  caravan.  IMuqarrab  Khan  still 
delays  the  settlement  of  his  account.  (Copy.  3^  pp.  Received 
April  5.) 

Gregory  Clement  and  Ralph  Cartwright  at  Agra  to 
THE  Same,  March  17,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  584). 

Eight  fardles  of  saltpetre  left  behind,  owing  to  the  camels  falling 
into  a  well  and  breaking  their  necks.  Have  recovered  the  camel- 
hire,  and  will  keep  the  saltpetre  till  the  next  caravan.  Request 
two  crooked  sword-blades  for  a  friend  at  court ;  also  two  or  three 
handsome  cases  of  strong  waters,  which  ''  wilbee  verry  acceptable 
to  divers  of  the  amraws  here,  especiallie  Assaphe  Caun'.  {Copy. 
\  p.     Received  April  ^) 

^  Here  Cand  elsewhere  in  the  present  volume)  '  Rs.'  means  '  rupees  ',  not  '  rials'. 


372  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Captain  Matthew  Morton  at  Swally  to  the  President 
AT  SURAT,  March  17,  162S  {Factory  Records,  Sttrat,  vol.  cii. 
P-  559)- 

Assures  him  that  he  is  not  unmindful  of  the  fate  of  the  Whale. 
Will  not  take  in  any  light  goods,  as  tobacco  and  cotton  wool,  till 
the  Company's  rice  has  been  received,  and  then  the  ship  will  be 
nearly  full.     {Copy.     ^  p.) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  March  18,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  560). 

The  ship  has  its  water  and  wood  aboard,  and  by  to-night  will 
take  in  the  Moors'  cloth.  She  will  then  be  full ;  and  he  urges  that 
either  the  President  or  Mr.  Wylde  should  come  down  and  dispatch 
them.     {Copy.     \  p.) 

Robert  Clitherow  at  'Antree'^  to  the  Same,  March 
18,  1628  [Ibid.,  p.  579). 

Last  night,  being  at  Gwalior  with  the  caravan,  he  received  their 
letters  of  February  25,  which,  after  perusal,  he  sent  on  to  Agra. 
The  caravan  consists  of  261  camels,  laden  with  indigo  and  saltpetre. 
It  cannot  now  be  at  Surat  in  time  to  catch  the  ships  for  England. 
Goodwin  accompanies  him,  Bangham  having  stayed  behind  for 
reasons  best  known  to  himself.     {Copy.     \  p.     Received  April  %) 

William  Martin  and  Jeremy  Shuker  at  Broach  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Surat,  March  20,  1628  [Ibid., 
p.  560). 

Martin  hopes  to  be  at  Surat  in  five  or  six  days.  Send  an  account 
of  money  disbursed  in  clearing  the  goods.  The  letter  has  been 
forwarded  to  Baroda.  Annexed. — The  account  referred  to.^  {Copy. 
l\  pp.     Received  March 'i\) 

'  Antri,  12  miles  south  of  Gwalior. 

^  The  duty  levied  was  \\  mahmudls  4  pice  per  100  mahmudis  of  estimated  value; 
but  on  the  goods  for  Ahmadabad  the  Customer  was  paid  360  mahmudls  '  for  under- 
valluing ',  while  his  subordinates  received  37  mahmudls  in  fees ;  and  similar  bribes  were 
given  in  the  case  of  the  caravan  for  Surat.  There  were  further  charges  for  porterage, 
carriage,  duties  at  Ankleswar  ,56  mahmudis  for  20  carts),  &c. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  273 

Richard  Barber  at  Baroda  to  the  Same,  March  20, 
1638  {/did.,  p.  570). 

Yesterday  dispeeded  14  carts,  laden  with  52  bales  of  goods. 
Southaike  will  accompany  them  with  a  guard.  Encloses  the  invoice. 
{Copy.     I  p.     Received  March  23.) 

Robert  Clitherow  and  John  Goodwin  at  '  Nerrer  '  ^  to 
THE  Same,  March  21,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  584). 

The  caravan  has  reached  this  place  in  safety.  Bangham  has  not 
yet  overtaken  them.  The  King's  farman  '  is  in  divers  places  obeyed, 
and  in  some  not  regarded,  in  which  places  wee  are  forced  to  paie  as 
they  please'.     {Copy.     \p.     Received  April  6^ 

Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel  Wyche,  and  William 
Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  Same,  March  21,  1628 
{Ibid.,  p.  573). 

Taj  Khan  has  promised  his  utmost  assistance  in  remitting  money 
to  Agra.  Sent  thither  bills  for  Rs.  10,000  eight  days  ago,  and  hope 
soon  to  make  another  remittance  of  the  same  amount.  At  present 
the  exchange  is  very  high;  'they  will  give  but  100  for  97|.' 
If  Mr.  Barker's  carpets  are  not  bought  by  the  Governor,  they  shall 
be  sent  with  the  jewels,  &c.,  to  Agra,  along  with  the  other  goods 
brought  by  Robert  Tottle.  'Mirza  Muckey',  the  Dlwan,  is  bound 
thither  in  five  or  six  days,  and  they  propose  to  let  them  proceed  in 
his  company.  Yesterday  arrived  '  Cojah  Jehaun*  [Khwaja  Jahan], 
who  was  Dlwan  formerly  and  is  now  appointed  to  succeed  to  that 
office.  Will  let  Tottle  have  their  old  bay  horse,  though  he  is 
scarcely  fit  for  service  ;  and  will  send  the  other  one  along  with  him. 
Have  concluded  the  bargain  for  indigo  in  exchange  for  lead.  P.S. — 
The  quicksilver  has  been  delivered  to  Taj  Khan.  {Copy.  i^pP- 
Received  March  26.) 

^  '  Four    munsells   [manzil,   a   stage]    a   this    side    Guallere '   [Gwalior].      Narwar, 
23  miles  NE.  of  Sipri,  is  probably  intended. 


FOSTER    HI 


274  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Captain  Christopher  Brown,  aboard  the    William  at 

SWALLY,  to  the  PRESIDENT  AT  SURAT,  MARCH  24,  1 628  {Factory 
Records,  Sural,  vol.  cii.  p.  571). 

Fears  that  they  cannot  find  room  for  the  cotton  yam,  as  the  silk 
occupies  more  space  than  was  expected.     {Copy.     ^ p.) 

William  Martin,  Nathaniel  West,  and  Jeremy  Shuker 
AT  Broach  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat, 
March  25,  1628  {Ibid.,^.  571). 

Yesterday  sent  off  the  Baroda  goods,  and  some  of  their  own. 
Enclose  an  invoice  for  the  latter.  The  Ahmadabad  goods  were 
dispeeded  over  the  river  to-day, '  but  customed  att  randome,'  as  the 
particulars  were  not  accurately  known,  owing  to  want  of  advice  from 
the  factors  there.  A  parcel  of  fine  blue  baftas  sent  in  the  care 
of  Southaike.  As  directed,  Martin  will  remain  three  or  four  days 
longer,  by  which  time  they  hope  the  rest  of  their  goods  will  be 
ready.  P.S. — Will  advise  later  the  charges  on  these  goods.  {Copy. 
2  //.     Received  March  26.) 

Malachi  Martin  at  Swally  to  the  President  at  Surat, 
March  25,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  575). 

The  two  country  boats  dismissed,  their  services  not  being  needed 
at  present.  Goods  shipped  on  board  the  JVi//iam.  Cartage  of  the 
lead.     {Copy,     i  p.) 

Captain  John  Hall,  Richard  Predys,  Andrew  Evans, 
Peter  Elliott,  John  Pashley,  and  Daniel  White,  aboard 
the  Mary  in  '  Tamona'  Road,  to  the  President  and  Coun- 
cil AT  Bantam,  March  27,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
pt  ii.  p.  457)- 

In  accordance  with  instructions  from  Surat  they  now  dispeed  this 
ship,  the  Refuge,  with  letters,  &c.  Narrate  their  proceedings  at 
Dabhol.  The  rice  found  in  the  captured  junk  has  been  put  on 
board  the  Refuge.  Two  Malabar  junks  chased  into  '  this  poart  of 
Tamana '  \see  p.  254],  taken,  and  sold.  Yesterday  a  messenger  came 
from  '  Sibbo  Sibo,  chief  governer  of  all  the  poorts  belonging  to  the 
Lydall  Shaw'  \sic\  offering  to  procure  the  King's  farman  for  trade 


THE    ExNGLISH    FACTORIES  275 

if  they  would  settle  a  factory  at  '  Carap[atan]  '.  and  promising  to 
supply  2,000  tons  of  pepper  yearly  at  9  or  10  •' lareis '  per  maund. 
Have  accordingly  sent  him  some  draft  articles  of  agreement  (copy 
enclosed),  and  intend  to  wait  four  or  five  days  for  his  reply.  As  the 
letters  from  Surat  may  be  urgent,  they  have  thought  it  best  to 
dispatch  the  7?^/?/^^  at  once.     [Copy.     i\ pp-) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,and 
George  Page  at  Sur.\t  to  the  Same,  March  28,  1628 
(Ibid.,  p.  456}.^ 

Enclose  a  copy  of  their  last  letter,  dated  March  8,  sent  by  the 
pinnace  Refuge.  Now  forward  the  blue  calicoes  therein  promised. 
The  Exchange  sailed  on  March  22  for  Mokha,  and  was  followed 
within  an  hour  by  two  Dutch  ships. ^  The  William  is  lading  for 
England,  and  will  sail  about  April  10  or  12.  No  intelligence  yet  to 
hand  from  Masulipatam.     {Copy,     i  p-) 

Nathaniel  Mountney,  Nathaniel  Wyche,  and  William 
Fremlen  at  Ahmadabad  to  the  President  and  Council  at 
Surat,  March  28,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  577). 

Send  an  invoice  of  the  goods  dispeeded  on  the  25th.  Yesterday 
forwarded  to  Agra  bills  for  Rs.  12,000,  and  hope  to  remit  a  further 
sum  of  Rs.  8.0C0  shortly.  Their  broker  has  heard  from  that  city 
that  the  English  caravan  is  detained  for  the  clearing  of  the  saltpetre. 
This  commodity  can  now  be  bought  here  for  Rs.  \\  per  maund. 
Tottle  will  bring  samples  of  new  Sarkhej  indigo,  the  price  of  which 
is  Rs.  i2|  and  Rs.  14^  [per  maund].  Calicoes  are  also  cheap.  The 
goods  for  Agra  depart  out  of  the  town  to-morrow.  '  Mirza  Muckey ' 
has  deferred  his  departure,  but,  as  there  is  a  '  caphila '  about  to 
start,  they  will  not  wait  for  him.  The  looking-glass  intended  for 
Agra  has  been  detained,  as  it  needs  repairs,  and  then  they  hope  to 
sell  it  here.  Send  a  copy  of  Mr.  Hopkinson's  ledger.  {Copy.  1  pp. 
Received  April  2.) 

'  There  is  a  second  copy  at  p.  459  of  the  same  volume.     This  letter  was  sent  in  one  of 
ihe  Dutch  ships  (see  next  page}. 
-  The  Bommel  and  the  IVe^p. 


T  a 


276  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Captain   Christopher  Brown,  aboard  the   William  at 

SWALLY,  TO  the  PRESIDENT  AND  COUNCIL  AT  SURAT,  MaRCH  29, 
1628  {Factory  Recoi'ds,  Stirat,  vol.  cii.  p.  576). 

Has  received  their  letters  and  will  deliver  them  to  '  the  comandore 
Johnson'  \see  note  on  p.  182],  whom  he  visits  to-day.  Thanks  the 
President  for  a  quilt.     {Copy.     \ p) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  April  2,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  576). 

The  rough  weather  has  hindered  their  lading.  Thinks  the  ship 
had  better  go  over  the  bar,  in  case  the  monsoon  comes  sooner  than 
is  expected.  Would  be  glad  of  two  native  boats  to  help  in  getting 
off  the  goods,     {Copy.     \p) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  April  3,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  580). 

The  damaged  sugar  will  be  used  in  the  ship.  The  weather  has 
improved.  Mr.  Martin  should  be  instructed  to  provide  them  with 
carts  early  in  the  morning,  which  is  the  best  time  for  work,     {Copy. 

I  A) 

The  Same  to  the  Same,  April  4,  1628  [Ibid.,  p.  585). 

Requests  them  to  hasten  the  sending  down  of  goods.  {Copy. 
\p.     Received  April  ^.) 

President  Kerridge,  Richard  Wylde,  and  John  Skibbow 
at  Surat  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam,  April  7, 
1628  {Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii.  pt.  ii.  p.  455).^ 

According  to  promise  \see  p.  225],  they  have  again  called  Charles 
Clark  to  account  for  375  rials  said  to  be  due  to  the  estate  of  '  Elyas 
Kudryan ' ;  his  answer  is  contained  in  the  accompanying  letter. 
P.S. — Have  sent  a  few  lines  by  the  Dutch  admiral,  dated  March  28, 
1628  ;  also  12  pieces  of  fine  dyed  calicoes.     {Copy,     i /.) 

Captain  Christopher  Brown,  aboard  the  William  [at 
Swally],  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat,  April  9, 
1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  cii.  p.  585). 

The  hold  was  shut  before  their  letter  arrived,  but  the  pepper 
shall  be  stowed  in  the  lower  gunroom.  All  the  saltpetre  left  out, 
besides  some  gum-lac,  and  a  bale  of  indigo  that  got  wet.     Nine 

'  There  is  another  copy  in  the  same  volume  (p.  464). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  277 

jars   of  lamp-oil  landed  ;  the  rest  they  must  keep.     {Copy.     \  p. 
Received  April  10.) 

The  President  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the  Company 
April  14,  1628  {Public  Record  Office  :  East  Indies,  vol.  iv.  no.  27). 

They  know  not  what  to  do,  seeing  the  great  disconformity  of 
shipping  to  the  stock  sent  out.  The  charge  consumes  both  principal 
and  profit.  Two  hundred  thousand  pounds  more  than  they  have 
would  be  little  enough  to  dispatch  the  ships  already  here  and  leave 
a  competent  stock  for  investment.     {Extract  only.     ^  p.) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  President  Wylde, 
John  Skibbow,  George  Page,  and  Richard  Barber  to 
Thomas  Kerridge  and  Christopher  Brown,  proceeding 
TO  England  in  the  William,  April  14, 1628  {Factory  Records , 
Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  121). 

The  season  being  far  spent,  they  are  to  use  all  possible  expedition 
in  their  voyage.  '  According  therfore  to  our  masters  respects  and 
power  yearly  [sic]  given  to  the  place  of  Presedencie  in  Surratt,  con- 
tinued and  confirmed  by  the  immediate  letters  pattents  of  His 
Majestic  of  England,  we,  the  now  President  and  Councell,  to  whom 
the  ordering  and  mannaging  of  whatsoever  concemeth  the  Honour- 
able Companies  bussines  or  affaires  within  our  limited  precincts 
is  referred,  and  warranted  by  vertue  of  our  foresaid  Kings  Majesties 
commission,'  appoint  Kerridge  to  be  '  cheife  commaunder ',  'to 
governe  with  such  authority  during  the  present  voyage  as  by  virtue 
of  the  aforesayd  our  Kings  Majesties  letters  pattents,  addressed  to 
the  President  and  Councell  of  Surratt  [see  p.  6^],  doth  warrant ' ; 
and  he  is  '  to  ly  in  the  great  cabbin  with  Captain  Christofer  Browne  '. 
The  accommodation  to  be  afforded  to  Martin,  Benthall,  and  Tottle 
is  referred  to  his  discretion.  The  ship  is  to  go  straight  to  Mauritius 
to  meet  Captain  Hall's  fleet,  and,  after  taking  in  provisions,  to  sail 
with  him  until  a  separation  becomes  necessary.  Whether  a  call 
shall  be  made  at  the  Cape  is  left  to  their  discretion.  To  be  on  the 
watch  against  attacks  from  enemies.  All  matters  of  importance  to 
be  decided  by  a  council  composed  of  Kerridge,  Brown,  Martin, 
Benthall,  William  Peirce  (master),  and  John  Hunter.  Kerridge 
having  a  casting  vote.     {Copy.     2  pp.) 


278  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

President  Bix,  George  Muschamp,  and  Richard  Steel  at 
Bantam  to  the  Factors  at  Jambi,  June  20,  1628  {O.C.  1273). 

.  .  .  'The  great  hindrance  that  the  dissolving  of  Mesulapatans 
factory  wilbe  in  the  gennerall  of  our  trade  you  do  well  fall  in 
reckning  of,  and  wee  with  you  fall  not  short  therein  ;  but  such 
a  strict  command  have  wee  for  its  dissolucion  that  must  have  nothing 
but  its  observance.  Hope  wee  have  to  hght  upon  some  other  place 
affoording  the  same  commodity  of  white  cloth  neere  to  Armagon, 
whereof  wee  have  advized  now  lately  :  which  if  it  fall  to  be  so,  wee 
shalbe  better  to  pass  then  before,  the  abuse  at  Mesulapatan  being 
growne  unsuferable  by  the  evell  disposicion  of  the  Governour  there.' 
.  .  .  Captain  Slade  arrived  on  March  24  from  Surat  with  the  Blessing 
and  two  Portuguese  prizes  of  200  and  80  tons  respectively ;  the  one 
was  laden  with  cinnamon,  the  other  with  '  dried  penang  '  [areca-nut : 
Malay  pinang\  and  coco-nuts.  They  have  renamed  them  the 
Ciimamon  and  the  Coco-mit,  and  intend  to  send  the  former  to 
Jambi.  .  .  .  The  Blessing  is  to  return  to  Surat  and  to  take  in  all  the 
Christopher  s  present  lading,  besides  the  cinnamon  and  other  goods. 
The  Refnge  of  about  80  tons  arrived  from  Surat  on  May  21,  '  pur- 
posely for  municion  from  us  to  furnish  a  fortifficacion  intended 
by  them.'  She  was  accordingly  sent  to  Batavia  two  days  later  to 
fetch  the  stores  left  there,  but  she  was  blown  over  by  a  gust  of  wind 
and  sank  within  sight  of  this  road.^  Most  of  her  •  furniture '  and 
a  quantity  of  goods  have  been  since  recovered.  As  she  is  no  longer 
available,  they  intend  to  dispatch  the  CJiristopher  and  the  Coco-nut 
to  Surat  with  the  Blessing,  about  eight  days  hence.  .  .  .  P.S. — -Three 
Dutch  ships  have  reached  Batavia  from  Surat  with  i.coo  bales 
of  goods.  ...     (i  /.) 

Narrative  of  the  Visit  of  [the  Exchange\  to  Aden, 
August,  1628  {O.C.  i278).2 

In  the  afternoon  of  August  15,  1628,  they  anchored  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  the  castle.     The  same  evening  a  boat  came  oft", 

^  See  the  account  in  Marim  Records,  vol.  li. 

^  Signed  by  Captain  Matthew  Morton,  Joseph  Hopkinson,  John  Norris,  William 
Fall,  John  Roberts,  John  White,  LawTence  Fisher,  Francis  Stockton,  and  Anthony 
Rnmsy  (?^ 


THE   ExXGLISH    FACTORIES  279 

bringing  two  '  beefes '  and  two  goats,  with  a  message  from  the 
Governor  that  a  pinnace  [the  Scoui]  belonging  to  the  Company- 
was  in  his  port,  and  that  there  were  two  Englishmen  a  day's 
journey  up  in  the  country ;  that  he  was  ready  to  deliver  up  the 
vessel  and  the  men,  and  to  make  satisfaction  for  any  goods  that 
were  missing.  The  men  in  the  boat  said  that  nine  Englishmen 
came  in  the  pinnace,  two  of  whom  died  in  Aden,  and  five  up 
country.  A  letter  was  written  to  the  Governor  of  Aden,  and 
another  to  the  Governor  of  the  place  where  the  two  sui-vivors 
were  understood  to  be,  announcing  that  the  ship  had  come  to 
receive  the  pinnace  and  its  crew,  the  surrender  of  which  had  been 
promised  in  the  letter  sent  to  Mokha.  Next  morning  an  answer 
came  from  the  Governor  that  he  had  forwarded  their  letter,  '  with 
som  other  frevelus  complements.'  They  replied  that  they  would 
have  sent  him  a  present  if  he  had  not  chosen  a  fisherman  to  be  his 
messenger,  and  that  they  were  ready  to  put  two  men  ashore  to 
confer  with  him  if  he  would  send  off  two  suitable  hostages.  In  the 
afternoon  he  replied  in  two  or  three  scornful  lines  that  he  durst 
not  send  pawns  until  he  knew  his  master's  will,  meaning  the 
Governor  to  whom  they  had  written,  whose  answer  they  should 
have  next  day.  They  waited  all  next  day  for  the  promised  reply, 
and  at  five  o'clock  in  the  evening,  they  being  then  at  supper  on 
the  half-deck,  '  hee  sent  us  answer  by  a  greate  shott  from  a  plat- 
forme,  which  fell  close  by  our  quarter,  very  neare  one  of  our 
boates,  and  presently  annother  which  fell  short  a  great  way.' 
They  did  not  retaliate,  as  their  ordnance  would  not  reach  the 
town.  Next  day  they  hoisted  a  white  flag  on  the  poop  for 
a  parley,  and  were  preparing  the  barge  to  go  off  with  a  second 
flag  of  truce,  when  there  came  a  shot  from  the  castle,  followed  by 
several  others.  They  then  fired  a  gun,  but  the  shot  went  only 
two-thirds  of  the  way ;  and  as  it  was  no  use  staying  to  be  fired 
at,  while  farther  out  the  road  was  dangerous,  they  agreed  to  set 
sail  for  Surat.  This  was  done  the  same  morning,  being  August  18, 
1628.  {p\  Pp-  Endorsed:  'Writings  from  Captaine  Mooreton, 
1633,^  of  his  entertainement  at  Aden,  1628.') 


^  Morton  died  in  November,  1631.     This  narrative  was  no  doubt  found  among  his 
papers  sent  home. 


28o  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

The  Removal  from  Masulipatam  to  Armagon  {O.C 
1280)^ 

Consultation  held  in  Masulipatam  by  George  Brewen,  Thomas 
Johnson,  and  Lazvrence  Henley,  September  11,  1628.  Forasmuch 
as  the  Company  has  decided  to  dissolve  these  factories  on  the 
Coast  of  Coromandel,  for  which  purpose  the  Bantam  Council 
promised  to  send  a  vessel,  yet  nothing  has  been  heard  of  her 
dispatch,  it  is  thought  fitting,  '  not  onlie  for  savinge  of  charge, 
to  joyne  both  our  factories  into  one,  butt  also  bee  a  meanes  in 
a  peaceable  manner  to  procure  our  masters  debts  by  removing 
ourselves  to  Armagon  ;  butt  in  the  first  place  have  thought  itt 
fitting  to  remove  our  masters  estate  of  goods  into  a  place  (as  the 
cause  nowe  standeth)  of  more  safiftie,  for  the  which  wee  have 
intreated  the  Dutch  there  assistance  to  transporte  them  for 
Pallicat,  giving  itt  oute  to  the  Moores  etc.  that  wee,  having  noe 
shipps  come,  for  gayning  of  tyme  doe  transporte  these  goods  for 
Battavia :  unto  all  which  our  demands  the  Dutch  Govemour  did 
in  all  willing  manner  condesend.  Pullicatt  wee  conceave  a  place 
not  only  for  saving  of  charges  butt,  all  circumstances  considered, 
more  convenient  then  Armagon.'  They  must  leave  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  Moors,  for  the  latter  will  assuredly  refuse  to 
permit  their  departure,  fearing  that,  once  they  are  free,  they  will 
take  revenge  for  '  soe  many  and  bad  and  basse  usage  in  our 
persons,  trade,  and  debts '.  To  prevent  this,  the  natives  will 
probably  offer  reparation  when  the  English  are  out  of  their 
power.  As  they  have  thought  it  unfit  to  use  the  Dutch  for 
transport  of  their  persons,  they  have  bought  a  boat,  which  will 
come  in  handy  at  Armagon  for  capturing  Portuguese  vessels 
bound  for  '  St.  Thomee'.  Three  special  points  to  be  considered, 
by  the  Company's  order,  are  the  keeping  of  their  house,  the 
maintenance  of  their  privileges,  and  the  procuring  of  their  debts. 
'  For  the  howse,  itt  is  att  yearlie  rent,  to  deare,  owld  and  rotten. 
For  our  privilidges,  they  were  made  in  the  tyme  of  Mr.  Floris  and 
Lucas  ^  by  the  Govemour  of  this  place  att  the  tyme  then  being, 
butt  all  broken  and  of  little  valliditie  ;  and  if  att  any  tyme  here- 

^  For  a  transcript  made  in  1787  see  Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  ix.  p.  169. 
-  See  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes,  vol.  i.  pp.  320  et  seq. 


THE    ENGLISH   FACTORIES  281 

after  our  masters  intend  the  reestablishing  of  these  places,  wee 
doubte  not  but  of  privilidges  larger  and  performance  better  then 
of  late  wee  have  had,  for  att  present  the  intercourse  of  all 
merchandizing  tends  onlie  to  the  inriching  of  the  Governour  and 
the  impoverishing  the  Cristians.  And  to  prove  wee  shall  bee 
wellcom  uppon  condicions  resonable,  and  alsoe  performance  in 
this,  is  to  bee  understoode  that  the  welth  and  welfare  of  the 
kingdome  of  Golcondath  doth  consist  in  itts  inland  manyfactures, 
which  findes  most  or  all  his  vent  by  sea  transporte,  shipped  by  the 
most  parte  by  Moores  and  the  least  parte  by  the  Cristians ;  and 
therfore  dare  not  make  an  enimie  of  soe  powerfuU  a  naccion  as 
the  English.  And  for  procuring  of  debts,  wee  conceave  there 
cannot  bee  devized  a  more  licklie  course,  as  formerly  hath  ben 
expressed.  Yett  understanding  itt  nott  fitting  altogeather  to  leave 
Mesulap[atam],  not  onlie  to  see  whatt  maye  bee  done  for  sayle  of 
the  purslaine,  the  smale  remaynder  of  the  cloves  and  sandall,  butt 
alsoe  for  poynt  of  possession  for  the  trade  of  this  place,  least  in 
our  absence  the  Dutch  putt  some  tricks  uppon  our  masters  in 
Europe  by  pleading  nonposs[ess]ion  in  the  kingdome  of  Golcon- 
dath,' it  is  decided  to  leave  a  sufficient  man  [Richard  Hudson 
/;/  margvt]  with  instructions  to  give  up  this  great  house,  and  take 
a  small  one,  and  to  put  off  the  porcelain  as  best  he  can,  '  knowing 
that  to  shipp  the  same  for  Bantam  is  little  better  then  (as  the 
saying  is)  to  ship  colles  for  Nev/castle,'  and  to  take  it  elsewhere 
would  mean  loss  by  breakage  and  theft.  There  is  also  a  great 
parcel  of  wood  called  'sandall  of  Madagasker',  for  which  no  one 
will  make  an  offer;  some  has  been  used  for  the  house,  and  the 
rest  is  to  be  written  off     {Copy.     '^\pp) 

Letter  from  the  Factors  to  '  Mirpass '  \  Governor  of  MasiiUpatam 
Umdated).  '  Lett  itt  not  seeme  strange  that  wee  have  all  departed 
from  the  towne  of  Mesulap[atam]  withoute  giveing  you  the  salam 
[see  p.  232].  Wee  must  tell  you  to  make  you  acquainted  with  our 
departure  wold  happilie  bee  thought  a  kinde  of  asking  leave,  which 
is  the  state  of  a  servant  to  his  master,  but  to  you  noe  such  dutie 
wee  owe.  The  causes  that  moveth  us  to  departe  are  many,  and 
all  of  them  have  had  there  begetting  and  begining  from  your 
predecessour  Mamatucke  [Mahmud  Taqi]  and  is  continewed  by 

'  Later  on  his  name  is  given  as  '  Mirpsse  '  (sic).     Mr.  S.  H.  Bilgrami  suggests  Mir  Abbas. 


282  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

}-ou  withoute  hope  of  reformation,  which  [wee  ?]  make  noe  question 
but  are  done  withoute  the  previtie  and  good  lyking  of  your  King 
and  his  Councell.  Butt  afore  wee  begin  to  particular  our  grevances 
[wee  ?]  must  tell  you  there  is  noe  sort  of  cloth  that  this  cuntrie 
yeldeth  but  the  like  is  to  bee  had  in  other  partes  soe  good  and  as 
cheape  as  here ;  soe  that  your  [st'c^  supposed  necessitie  of  the  trade 
of  this  place  is  nothing  less.  And  this  pointe  doth  well  appeare 
by  the  litle  or  noe  trade  that  of  late  our  masters  have  had,  butt 
dryving  a  trade  elsewhere  with  soe  many  and  greate  shipps  as  you 
cannot  bee  ignorant  of ;  and  have  ben  discorraged  from  the  trade 
of  this  place  by  the  unsufferable  abusses  by  you  and  your  pre- 
decessor Mametucke  comitted.  And  thus  much  [wee  ?]  thought 
fitting  to  express  ourselves,  the  better  to  make  you  understand 
yourselfe.'  Their  special  grievances  are  as  follows  :  (i)  He  has 
farmed  the  trade  of  merchandizing  to  three  '  Gentew  committies ' 
[see  p.  8]  for  a  great  sum  of  money  yearly,  '  and  yett  yourselfe 
the  greatest  [?]  marchant.'  (s)  He  has  debarred  all  other  '  Gentewe 
comitties  '  from  dealing  with  the  English.  (3)  '  Noe  cuntrie  comittie 
dare  bee  soe  hardie  as  to  com  within  the  presinct  of  your  gover- 
ment  uppon  payne  of  beating  and  his  goods  forced  from  him '  ; 
and  thus  freedom  of  trade  is  denied.  (4)  '  Of  late  ^  by  your 
predecessor  Mamatucke,  both  for  your  inland  made  goods  and 
alsoe  farran  goods  brought  into  your  land,  both  tending  to  the 
discorraging  and  ruine  of  trade.'  (5)  '  Your  predicessour  Mama- 
tucke and  you  have  infringed  our  previlige  and  the  antient  custom 
of  the  land,  which  is  that,  withoute  leave  asking,  [wee  ?]  could 
and  did  arrest  the  persons  of  such  as  were  in  our  debts  and  keept 
them  in  durance  till  contentment  given.'  They  applied  to  him 
for  justice  for  money  owing  by  '  Lingana  ',  '  Rama  ',  and  others,  but 
have  been  put  off  with  promises.  The  result  of  these  wrongs  is 
that  the  English,  being  restricted  to  certain  merchants,  must  both 
sell  and  buy  at  whatever  rates  and  in  whatever  manner  the  latter 
please.  Further,  they  complain  of  '  the  unsufferable  dishonnour 
proffered  to  a  principall  of  the  PZnglish  by  your  basse  coveteouse 
Cattwall  -  for  noe  offence  att  talle  butte  only  to  picke  a  quarrill 

'  Some  words  have  evidently  been  omitted.     Presumably  the  reference  is  to  special 
customs  charges  (see  later). 

-■  Kolwdl,  an  official  who  was  responsible  for  keeping  order  in  the  town. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  283 

to  gitt  a  greate  som  of  money '  :  for  this  they  expect  reparation. 
These  abuses  have  forced  them  to  quit  the  place,  and  he  must  not 
think  it  strange  if  they  resent  them.  '  And  nowe  resteth  to  express 
what  our  desire  is  that  you  wold  bee  pleased  to  grante  us  such 
previlidges  as  wee  att  our  first  entrance  and  many  yeares  after, 
untill  the  coming  of  your  predicessour  Mamatucke,  injoyed.' 
(i)  That  all  men  may  trade  freely  with  the  English.  (2)  '  That 
all  newe  juncans  [see  note  on  p.  131]  for  us  the  English  nation  be 
foreboren,  only  paying  the  antient  custom  of  the  land  as  att  the 
first.'  (3)  That  they  may  freely  transport  their  goods  to  any  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Golconda,  paying  the  ancient  duty  and  no  more. 
(4}  That  the  former  right  of  arresting  and  imprisoning  debtors  may 
be  restored.  (5)  That  they  may  be  at  liberty  to  chastise  their 
servants  for  offences,  and  that  the  latter  •  maye  bouldlie  deliver  to 
you  our  myndes  w^ithoute  your  displeasure '.  Finally,  they  com- 
mend to  him  Richard  Hudson,  who  is  to  remain  behind.  {Copy. 
2^  pp.) 

A  remembrance  for  Richard  HndsoJi,  September  26,  1628.  He 
has  been  chosen  as  the  fittest  man  to  remain  here.  After  their 
departure  he  is  to  proceed  as  follows.  (1)  He  is  to  have  the  letter 
to  the  Governor  (which  is  already  '  sett  over  into  Portuges ') 
translated  into  '  the  Mooris  languadge ',  which  may  be  done  by 
the  '  scoolmaster '.  It  should  then  be  delivered  to  the  Governor, 
copies  being  also  made  for  the  '  Savandore '  [see  p.  212]  and  the 
Persian  ambassador,  '  that  the  world  maye  take  knowlidge  the  just 
causes  wee  have  to  withdrawe  ourselves  ;  and  alsoe  that  these 
people  may  take  knowlidg  of  the  cuning  working  of  the  Dutch 
to  eate  us  oute  of  trade,  which  (for  that  wee  wold  not  to  them 
give  offence)  is  butt  darklie  written.'  ^  (2)  He  is  at  once  to  leave 
this  great  house,  '  which  is  rotten  and  falling  downe '  and  over- 
rented, and  take  a  smaller.  (3)  To  get  rid  of  his  porcelain  on  any 
terms  he  can  obtain.  (4)  To  dismiss  all  servants  but  a  cook  and 
two  '  blacks  ',  giving  them  two  months'  wages  at  departure.  (5)  To 
sell  the  cloves  and  sandal  at  any  price  he  can  get.  If  any  letters 
come  from  Surat,  they  should  be  forwarded  at  once.     In  the  event 

^  '  It  should  seeme  then  that  the  Dutch  had  free  libertie  to  sell  to  whome  they  would 
and  to  buy  of  whome  they  pleased  in  Musilpa[tam],  whereas  we  were  in  both  restreined 
to  the  Governor  only  or  his  deputies."     {Marginal  note,  made  in  London.) 


284  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

of  any  English  ship  arriving,  he  is  to  send  the  accompanying  letter 
on  board  immediately.  The  Mozambique  sandal  is  to  be  removed 
to  the  new  house.  Trust  that  their  debtors  will  make  satisfaction, 
in  which  case  he  is  not  to  accept  '  red  percalloe  and  red  bittiles 
[see  p.  6]  (in  which  commodities  is  gaine  not  worth  the  name  of 
an  Indian  trade),'  but  he  may  take  other  calicoes,  especially  '  long- 
cloth  and  salampoores  (both  of  them  the  most  vendablest  and 
profittablest  goods)  ;  alsoe  white  percalloes,  moorees  [see  previous 
volume,  p.  T03],  and  bittiles,'  besides  'tape  chindes'  at  current 
prices.  However,  for  the  porcelain  he  may  accept  any  goods  that 
may  be  offered.     {Copy.     1^  pp.) 

Letter  from  the  Factors  to  the  Master  of  any  ship  arrivijig  at 
Masulipatam,  September  26,  1628.  Have  removed  to  Armagon, 
leaving  only  Richard  Hudson  at  Masulipatam,  who  will  send  this 
letter  on  board  by  some  '  cattamaronce '  ^  He  is  warned  not  to 
land  any  of  his  crew,  but  to  sail  at  once  to  Armagon.  Should  he 
be  in  need  of  water,  &c.,  they  hope  some  Dutch  ship  will  supply 
him.     {Copy.     \p.) 

'  September  the  2']th.  Wee  lefte  Masulapatam,  and  in  a  smale 
bote  wee  tooke  our  passadge  for  Armagon,  our  intents  unknowne 
to  the  Moores  or  any  that  wee  ment  to  leave  Mussalapatam.  And 
thus  much  passed  before  and  uppon  leaving  Mesulapatam.'  {Copy. 
I  A) 

Daniel  Hall's  ^  Account  of  the  Outward  Voyage  of 
THE  Expedition  {Marine  Records,  vol.  1.  p.  i). 

1628,  March  6.  Sailed  from  Blackwall.  March  16.  Anchored 
in  the  Downs.  March  27.  Departed.  March  31.  Lost  sight  of 
the  Lizard.  April  10.  Saw  one  of  the  Canary  Islands.  July  3. 
Passed  the  Cape.  July  26.  Sighted  Madagascar.  July  28. 
Anchored  in  St.  Augustine's  Bay.  Attgust  5.  Sailed  again. 
A7igust  17.  Reached  Mohilla.  Augzist  20.  Departed.  September  8. 
Spoke  a  junk  from  the  Red  Sea.  September  25.  Saw  the  Indian 
coast.  September  29.  Captain  Swanley  sent  his  boat  to  Swally  to 
announce  his  approach.     September  30.  Anchored  at  Swally  Bar. 

'  The  last  three  letters  are  not  quite  distinct.  '  Catamaran'  (see  the  previous  volume, 
p.  143)  is  intended. 

*  He  was  one  of  the  master's  mates. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  285 

Saw  Captain  Hall's  fleet.  October  2.  The  President  came  aboard 
the  Jonas.  Anchored  in  Swally  Hole,  and  found  there  the 
Exchange^  Blessings  CJiristopher ^  and  a  Portuguese  prize.  Novem- 
ber 10.  The  Royal  Mary  sailed  for  Bantam.  November  16.  James 
Presson  and  James  Shipman,  master's  mates,  died.  December  li. 
The  prize  burnt,  with  the  loss  of  some  thirty  men.     {1^  pp.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Wylde  and 
Messrs.  Hopkinson,  Page,  and  Boothby,  October  id,  i62»s 
{Factory  Records,  Stirat,  vol.  1.  p.  123).^ 

In  order  to  meet  the  wishes  of  the  Company  (expressed  in  their 
letter  of  March  12  last)  'to  have  their  shipps  laden  home,  though 
with  grossest  comodities,'  it  is  decided  to  pay  off  only  the  most 
urgent  of  their  creditors  here,  and  to  continue  the  other  loans  at 
interest  in  order  to  lade  as  many  vessels  as  possible.  Disposal  of 
the  ships.  The  Exchange  and  Blessing  are  to  prepare  for  their 
voyage  home,  accompanied  by  the  Star  ;  and  the  Hart  is  to  follow 
on  her  return  from  Persia.  It  is  decided  to  send  the  JoJias,  Hart, 
Eagle.,  Christopher,  Expedition,  Hopezuell,  and  Coco-7iut  with  freight 
goods  to  Persia  (in  company  with  the  Dutch),  as  this  course  is 
deemed  preferable  to  their  lying  idle  here.  Richard  '  Priddis ' 
[Predys]  and  Jeronimo  de  Paiva  are  to  proceed  in  the  fleet  as 
merchants.  The  Mary  and  the  pinnace  John  are  to  be  dispatched 
to  Bantam  with  the  goods  returned  from  Mokha  on  the  Exchange 
and  a  few  others.  Malachi  Martin  and  Jeremy  Shuker  are  allowed 
to  proceed  in  those  vessels  with  a  view  to  employment  at  Bantam. 
'  In  the  roome  of  Jeromy  Shukar  and  Simon  Biddulph  (whom  wee 
likwise  intend  to  call  from  Barochj  is  appointed  John  Norris 
second,  and  \blank'\  to  keepe  their  petty  expences  etc.  ;  John 
Willoughby,  in  respect  of  his  language,  factor  att  the  Mareen, 
and  to  attend  other  occacions  here  ;  Peter  Munday  and  William 
Knightly  (who  came  on  the  Exchange  from  the  Redd  Sea)  to  assist 
and  write  in  the  office  ;  and  for  the  better  resolucion  of  all  im- 
portant matters,  Richard  Boothby  ordained  fourth  in  Council,  to 
keepe  the  cash  and  follow  the  custome  house.'  Leave  granted 
to   Joseph    Hopkinson,   John    Bangham,    Robert    Clitherow,   and 

*  Thomas  Smith  appears  as  '  Register '  of  these  and  the  following  consultations  dowa 
to  the  end  of  the  ytar. 


a86  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

William  Hall  (in  addition  to  the  passengers  in  the  Eagle)  to 
proceed  to  England  on  the  next  ship.  It  is  decided  to  accept 
a  bill  for  lOO  tumans  drawn  by  William  Burt,  Agent  in  Persia, 
payable  to  George  Williamson,  in  the  absence  of  Mahmud  Hasan, 
servant  to  '  Haggee  Sallee '  [Hajl  Salih?]  ;  this  is  done  to  maintain 
the  reputation  of  their  masters'  business,  but  they  suspect  '  some 
indirect  and  sinister  proceeding '  therein.  '  The  great  abuse  and 
prejudice  our  masters  have  suffered  by  too  much  excesse  of  private 
trade,  filling  upp  and  pestering  their  shipps  with  grose  and  cumber- 
some comodities,  as  tobacco  and  cotton  woll,  with  the  intollerable 
damage  accrewing  by  buying  of  rice,  butter,  sugar,  sugar  candie, 
meale,  oyle,  and  other  provicions,  transporting  them  in  great 
quantities  to  other  places,  wherby  such  necessaries  can  hardly  bee 
acquired  to  supply  our  shipps  present  wants,  was  next  in  question ; 
and  for  remedy  and  prevencion  thereof  resolved  an  extraordinary 
charge  and  commaund  to  be  given  unto  the  commaunders,  mer- 
chants, masters,  pursers,  stewards,  and  their  mates,  and  all  other 
officers,  that  they  neither  lade  themselves  nor  suffer  to  be  laden 
att  any  time  aboard  their  severall  shipps  any  of  the  aforespecified 
goods,  more  then  what  shalbe  sent  aboard  by  this  President  and 
Councell,  as  well  for  trade  and  commerce  as  for  provicion  for  our 
people  aboard  the  sayd  shipps,  under  paine  of  confiscacion  of  the 
delinquents  goods  found  soe  laden  unto  the  Honourable  Companies 
use,  and  the  pursers,  pursers  mates  and  other  officers  of  such  shipps 
offending  not  only  to  be  displaced  butt  also  to  forfeit  all  their 
wages,  be  sent  home  unto  our  masters  uppon  the  next  going 
shippe  or  shipps,  and  referred  to  them  for  what  other  penalty  they 
shalbe  pleased  to  inflict  uppon  them.  Moreover,  the  great  hinder- 
ance  our  masters  bussines  hath  susteined  by  neglect  of  sending 
aboard  our  letters  and  other  orders  come  down  to  the  Mareen, 
with  other  semblable  passages  of  moment,  was  taken  to  considera- 
cion,  and  after  mature  deliberacion  itt  was  concluded  that  the 
merchants  and  factors  of  the  Mareen,  together  with  the  generall 
pursers  mate,  shall  and  may  commaund,  in  all  times  and  uppon 
all  occacions  concerning  our  masters  affaires,  all  and  every  of  the 
shipps  barges,  skiffs,  and  long  boates  to  attend  uppon  them  and 
give  them  passage  too  and  agen  from  the  shoare  to  the  shipps 
without  any  delay  or  license  from   their  commaunders,   masters, 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  287 

etc.  ;  and  any  master  of  the  barges,  cockswaines,  or  other  prime 
officers  that  have  commaund  of  any  of  the  aforesaid  boates,  deny- 
ing their  service  in  the  Companies  bussines  shall  not  only  be 
displaced  and  putt  out  of  their  office  but  condemned  in  the  losse 
of  six  months  wages,  if  this  President  and  Councell  shall  see  just 
cause  for  the  same  ;  soe  shall  also  any  commaunder,  master,  or 
other  person  whatsoever  be  fined  in  the  forfeiture  of  a  twelve- 
months sallary,  and  what  elce  by  us  shalbe  thought  fitting,  that 
shall  strike,  beate,  or  otherwise  abuse  in  reviling  or  base  language 
(as  hath  beene  too  much  accustomed)  any  of  our  sayd  merchants. 
purser,  or  pursers  mate,  or  any  other  officer  that  belongeth  unto 
us  and  out  of  their  commaund  ;  but  uppon  any  abuse  or  mis- 
deameanor  from  the  sayd  merchants,  etc.,  unto  any  of  the  com- 
maunders,  masters,  or  other  officers,  they  shall  exhibitt  their 
complaints  unto  us,  who  shall  fine  them  in  the  like  mulct,  if  there 
be  just  cause  for  the  same.'  It  is  also  ordered  that  no  commander 
or  master  shall  appoint  a  purser,  pursers  mate,  or  other  officer, 
'  after  their  comming  into  India,'  without  the  approbation  and 
consent  of  the  President  and  Council.     {Copy.     i\pp) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Royal  Mary  [at  Swallv] 
BY  President  Wylde  and  his  Council  and  the  Commanders 
AND  Masters  of  the  Fleet  \  October  15,  1628  {Factory 
Records^  Stirai,  vol.  i.  p.  125). 

The  resolutions  approved  on  the  10th  current  are  considered 
and  confirmed.  Crews  of  125,  115,  and  ^^  men  allotted  to  the 
Exchange.  Blessing,  and  Star-,  also  180  to  the  Mary,  and  20 
to  the  John.  Pork  and  beef  to  be  sent  with  other  provisions  to 
Bantam.  The  Jonas  is  appointed  admiral  of  the  Persia  fleet, 
with  the  Hart  and  Christopher  as  vice-admiral  and  rear-admiral 
respectively ;  and  Richard  Swanley  is  placed  in  command  of  the 
ships.  Four  brass  guns  to  be  transferred  from  the  Mary  to  the 
Jonas,  being  replaced  by  four  whole  culverins  of  iron  from 
the  Exchange.  Gabriel  Kennicott,  purser  of  the  Eagle,  is  per- 
mitted to  go  home,  and  Peter  Wamsly,  purser's  mate  of  the  Mary, 
is  appointed  to  take  his  place,  being  succeeded  by  Samuel  Eagles- 

'  Hall,  Morton,  Swanley,  Slade,  Evan?,  Pashley,  and  Watts. 


288  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

field,  who  came  out  as  an  attendant  on  Capt.  Swanley.  It  having 
been  customary  to  land  surplus  stores  and  house  them  in  '  Damkee  ' 
[Damka],  Swally,  and  adjacent  villages  without  any  account  being 
taken,  it  is  decided  to  appoint  Thomas  Wilbraham  as  Clerk  of  the 
Stores,  to  keep  due  register  of  such  goods  in  future.  Captain 
Eustace  Man  having  been  accused  of  an  offence  with  a  youth 
named  William  Barker,  it  is  determined  that  the  commanders  and 
masters  of  the  fleet  shall  empanel  a  jury  and  publicly  try  the  case. 
Thomas  Robinson  having  accused  the  President  and  Council  and 
Captain  Hall  of  taking  bribes  from  Man,  with  other  calumnious 
aspersions,  he  is  summoned  and  examined  ;  and  on  his  maintaining 
his  charges  and  abusing  the  President  &c.,  he  is  sent  on  board  the 
Star  to  be  kept  in  irons  until  further  order.  Annexed :  Testimonies 
of  Arthur  Suffield,  Daniel  White,  Robert  Smith,  William  Mathews, 
and  Richard  Langford  concerning  Robinson's  accusations.  {Copy. 
In  all  3|  //.) 

William  Bangham,  aboard  the  Mary  Royal  in  Swally 
Road,  to  John  Bangham  at  Surat,  October  21,  [1628] 
{O.C.  1281). 

Desires  to  go  (with  his  brother's  approval)  to  Bantam  in  this 
ship.  Begs  to  be  supplied  with  goods ;  also,  that  order  may  be 
given  that  he  is  not  to  be  removed  from  the  Mary  at  Bantam,  but 
to  proceed  in  her  to  England.  It  is  reported  that  Mr.  Dover, 
steward  of  the  Jonas,  is  to  be  steward  of  the  house  at  Surat  and 
Mr.  [Robert]  Davison  to  return  to  England,  but  he  believes  it  not. 
(i  p.  Much  damaged.  Endorsed  by  John  Bajigham  as  received 
from  his  brother  on  October  11^ 

William  Burt,  Robert  Wodder,  and  Robert  Loftus  at 
Ispahan  to  [the  Company],  October  22, 1628  {O.C.  1282). 

.  .  .  Have  heard  from  the  Exchange  that  the  Scont  had  repaired 
to  Aden,  where  only  were  found  living  the  master,  Nathaniel  Best, 
and  one  Nicholson.  Mr.  Hopkinson,  while  the  Exchange  was  at 
Mokha,  sent  to  inquire  why  the  Scout  left  the  fleet  and  why  she 
went  to  Aden,  but  found  the  master's  answers  '  to  correspond  more 
with  his  name  then  either  honestlye  or  advisedlye  '.  However,  the 
Governor  of  the  place  ofTered  by  letter  to  restore  the  goods  if  the 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  289 

Exchange  would  call  there  on  her  way,  at  the  same  time  expressing 
a  desire  for  trade.  '  By  reason  of  the  Arabs  feud  with  the  Moores 
they  advise  us  the  markets  at  Mocha  are  extreame  bad,  few  buyers 
and  smale  estate  '.  .  .  .  Two  Dutch  ships  reached  Gombroon  from 
Mokha  in  July  to  fetch  away  their  silk,  but  owing  to  the  tardy 
dispatch  of  the  consignment  from  Ispahan  they  had  to  proceed  to 
Surat  without  it.  From  them  it  was  learnt  that  the  \Villia7n,  with 
the  President  on  board,  sailed  for  England  in  April,  carrying  the 
silk  from  Persia.  Regret  to  see  the  latter  '  soe  singlie  adventured  ', 
but  trust  it  will  arrive  safely.  .  .  .  The  Dutch,  finding  little  hope  of 
benefit  from  the  trade,  upon  the  arrival  of  their  last  fleet  debated 
whether  or  not  they  should  '  mocion  the  conjoyning  your  strength 
with  theirs  for  the  surprizing  Ormuz  and  fortes  of  the  Gulph, 
therby  to  become  joynt  comaunders  of  all  comerce ' ;  but  it  was 
decided  to  refer  the  matter  to  Batavia.  Their  experience  of  the 
dealings  of  the  Dutch  makes  it  seem  safer  to  hold  friendship  with 
the  Moors.  With  better  supplies  the  English  might  beat  the  Dutch 
quite  out  of  the  trade.  '  At  present  the  Portugall  is  extraordinarye 
weake,  and  smale  appearance,  by  the  intelligence  wee  have  from 
the  severall  parts  of  their  resids,  of  any  forces  they  are  liklye  to 
make '.  .  .  .  (2  pp.  The  rest  of  the  letter  deals  exclusively  with 
Persian  affairs.) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Exchange  by  President 
Wylde  and  the  Commanders  and  Masters  of  the  Fleet, ^ 
October  24,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  129). 

The  bales  for  England  numbering  over  5,coo,  it  is  decided  to  add 
the  Hart  to  the  fleet,  with  100  men.  The  crew  of  the  Eagle  are  to 
be  dispersed  in  the  various  ships,  to  avoid  conspiracy  on  their  part. 
Eustace  Man  to  go  as  passenger  in  the  Hart,  Thomas  Robinson 
in  the  Star,  Gabriel  Kennicott  in  the  Blessing,  and  Thomas  Groves 
(his  mate)  in  the  Exchange.  The  Little  James  is  to  be  sent  up  to 
Surat  to  be  repaired.  Richard  Vincent,  surgeon's  mate  in  the  Hart, 
is  made  surgeon  of  the  Christopher  ;  John  Thomas  is  appointed 
purser's  mate  of  the  Eagle,  and  William  Atkins  purser  of  the  John. 
{Copy.     I  p) 

*  John  Hall,  Matthew  Morton,  James  Slade,  Richard  Swanley,  Andrew  Evans,  John 
Pashley,  Thomas  Watts,  Alexander  Ball,  William  Minors,  and  Peter  Cowlan. 

FOSTER  1(1  U 


290  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

President  Bix  and  Council  at  Bantam  to  the  Com- 
pany, October  26,  1628  {O.C.  1283). 

.  .  ,  The  Swallow  was  recently  sent  to  the  Coast  of  Coromandel. 
.  .  .  Have  written  to  Surat  for  one  of  their  largest  ships,  and 
expect  her  in  December.  ...  {^  p.  The  rest  of  the  letter  deals  with 
Java  &c.  affairs.) 

[Thomas  Taylor  at  Jambi  to  a  Factor  at  Macassar, 
November  — ,  1628]  {O.C.  1280), 

.  .  .  Dispeeded  the  Coaster  and  the  Dove  to  Bantam  on  the 
7th  present,  at  which  time  the  jfude  arrived  from  thence,  and  the 
Swallow  ([John]  Carter,  master)  went  by  this  road  for  Masulipatam. 
The  latter  factory  is  to  be  dissolved.  .  .  .  [Copy.  \ p.  The  rest  of 
the  letter  deals  with  occurrences  at  Jambi,  &c?) 

President  Wylde,  Joseph  Hopkinson,  George  Page,  and 
Richard  Boothby  at  Surat  to  the  President  and  Council 
AT  Bantam,  November  8,  1628  [Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii. 
pt.  ii.  p.  465). 

Now  answer  their  letters  of  June  30,  brought  by  the  Blessing,  and 
June  ^  7,  by  the  Dutch  (received  October  i),  together  with  a  copy 
of  an  earlier  of  May  19,  sent  by  way  of  Masulipatam  ;  also  a  private 
letter  from  Mr.  Muschamp,  dated  June  30.  The  Blessi?ig,  Christo- 
pher, and  pinnace  Coco-^nut  arrived  on  October  4,  and  with  them  the 
Exchange  from  Mokha  and  two  Dutch  ships  from  Ormus,  '  who 
went  to  fetch  their  silk,  but  returned  without  it.'  The  original 
letter  of  May  19  has  not  come  to  hand,  and  they  suspect  that  the 
Dutch  failed  to  deliver  it  to  the  Masulipatam  factors.  '  Our  joy 
was  not  small  at  newes  of  your  faire  parting  from  the  Dutch  in 
Jaccatra'  [Batavia],  and  they  trust  that  the  transfer  to  Bantam  will 
produce  the  happy  results  expected  by  the  Company.  An  amicable 
agreement  in  Europe  would  be  the  best  solution  of  their  difficulties. 
Note  that  President  Hawley  sailed  for  England  last  February  with 
the  Morris  (under  Thomas  Waller)  and  the  Eagle  (under  Eustace 
Man).  Captain  Hall's  fleet,  which  arrived  at  Swally  on  October  i 
from  the  coast  of  Mozambique,  brought  with  it  the  Eagle,  which 

^  July,  according  to  the'letter  of  November  17,  which  is  no  doubt  correct. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  291 

had  been  found  in  a  bad  state  at  St.  Augustine's  Bay.  She  had 
lost  company  with  the  Morris,  which  it  is  hoped  has  by  this  time 
reached  England.  When  the  ships  separated,  Mr.  Hawley  was 
very  weak  '  and  not  like  to  continue  his  passage  home'.^  The 
crew  of  the  Eagle  were  in  a  mutinous  state,  encouraged  therein  by 
Robinson  and  Kennicot  ('both  arch  villaines ').  They  accused 
their  captain  of  a  heinous  offence  ;  but  upon  his  being  brought 
to  trial  nothing  could  be  proved  against  him.  The  Eagle  is  now  to 
go  to  Persia,  and  then  upon  her  return  will  be  sent  to  Bantam. 
Her  goods  will  be  dispatched  to  England  in  the  Star,  which  will 
sail,  in  company  with  the  Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Hart,  about  the 
end  of  December.  The  Star  would  have  been  sent  away  at  the 
same  time  as  this  ship  (the  Mary),  but  the  seamen  thought  it 
dangerous  for  her  to  make  the  voyage  alone.  Regret  the  loss 
of  the  Refnge,  but  rejoice  that  the  crew  and  part  of  the  goods  were 
saved.  Note  what  commodities  are  in  demand  at  Bantam  ;  will 
refrain  from  sending  any  more  until  further  advice.  Suggest  that 
the  King  of  Macassar  may  like  to  buy  four  pieces  of  brass  ordnance 
now  at  Surat.  Have  not  at  present  any  Persian  greyhounds,  but 
will  endeavour  to  procure  some  and  send  them  by  the  Christopher ; 
also  a  Persian  horse.  Inquire  whether  a  saddle  is  wanted.  Sandal- 
wood and  turtle  shells  would  sell  well  at  Surat,  the  latter  at  6  to  10 
mahmiidls  the  seer.  Spices  are  rising  in  price,  and  will  doubtless 
come  to  their  former  esteem  when  private  trade  is  abridged. 
Cannot  spare  Bantam  any  large  supply  until  the  Company  send 
a  stock  and  give  orders  to  that  effect.  The  present  consignment  is 
only  forwarded  because  it  failed  to  find  a  market  in  Mokha.  The 
wars  and  troubles  hindered  sales,  and  the  Exchange  returned  '  with 
the  greater  part  of  her  goods  and  the  remaines  of  our  people  left 
their  by  Capt.  Clevinger,  vizt.  William  Fall  and  William  Knightly. 
James  Olliver  deceased  in  Mocho,  and  Thomas  Beale  was  slaine  at 
Dabull  in  his  returne  thence  uppon  a  jouncke  of  that  place  '.  '  Here 
we  have  with  the  Dutch  a  faire  and  freindly  outward  corres- 
pondencie;  what  their  and  our  harts  are  each  to  other,  God  and 
ourselves  best  knowe.  Howsoever,  on  our  part  there  shalbe  no 
cause  given  to  the  contrarie,  if  we  can  avoid  the  same.     Yett  had 

^  The  Morris  arrived  in  England  towards  the  end  of  October,  1628,  and  Hawley  had 

then  died. 

U  2 


292  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

we  one  of  our  marriners,  gunners  mate  in  the  Jonah,  latelie  slaine 
by  one  of  their  people  with  a  knife  ;  whom  they  judicially  con- 
demned to  dye,  but  upon  some  consideracions  moving  us  thereunto 
(especiallie  the  English  ofifering  wronge  first  to  the  Dutch)  we 
repaired  aboard  at  tyme  of  execucion  and  saved  his  life,  with  others 
that  were  in  his  companie  from  corporall  punishment  ^ ;  which  our 
act  seemed  to  be  taken  gennerally  as  a  token  of  trew  and  unfeigned 
freindshipps,  and  hath  doubtles  wrought  upon  their  ill  affected 
spiritts,  as  well  in  the  principalis  as  comon  men.  Itt  hath  given 
satisfaccion  also  to  our  people,  who  wanted  not  will  to  have 
revenged  the  slaine  mans  cause.'  Thank  them  for  their  account  of 
the  Moors'  goods.  '  And  for  the  passage  of  Banians  or  other 
strangers  upon  our  shipps  into  those  parts  as  marchants,  we  shall, 
upon  your  now  advice  of  the  inconveniencies  they  bring  to  your 
trade,  altogether  avoid  itt  ;  although  some  principall  Moores  goods 
cannot  well  be  denied,  our  obligacions  here  being  of  more  import 
then  can  the  smale  quantety  of  goods  be  any  dammage  to  the  sales 
of  our  masters.  The  correspondency  that  some  of  your  people 
have,  both  with  Moores  and  Banians  in  this  place,  with  the  particuler 
advice  given  them  of  the  valluacion  and  sortment  of  goods  for  that 
and  other  places,  will  or  may  bee  justly  held  of  the  two  the  more 
dangerous  and  dishonest ;  would  \sic\  therefore  have  a  remedy,  as 
we  conceive  itt  will  by  his  \sic\  calling  thence  for  England  by  our 
masters  letters  unto  you  by  the  Dove!  The  sailors  returned  from 
Bantam  have  been  paid  and  dismissed  '  for  idle  fellowes  ' ;  no  more 
will  be  entertained  except  in  cases  of  necessity.  The  biscuit  sent 
upon  the  Palsgrave  and  William  was,  they  understand,  so  little 
valued  that  it  was  left  lying  in  the  rain  outside  the  factory  at 
Bantam  ;  however,  as  a  further  supply  is  now  asked  for,  they 
forward  what  they  can  spare.  Will  recover  from  Kennicot  the 
amount  due  for  Richard  Chamberlain's  opium.  '  The  pinnace 
Sco7it  (reported  to  be  taken  by  the  Portingall)  was  through  want  of 
water  and  provicions  forced  into  Adenn,  in  the  mouth  of  the  Redd 
Sea,  where  she  is  detained,  with  all  her  men  that  were  alive,  being 
8  persons,  as  we  understand  by  our  freinds  that  came  from  Mocho  ; 
where  the  Exchange  touched  in  her  returne  thence,  thinking  to 

^  See  Van  den  Broeck's  Voyagie,  p.  io8,  and  Hague   Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii. 
no.  279,  and  vol.  ix.  no.  298.     The  culprit's  name  was  Jan  Abrahams. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  293 

have  brought  her  away,  according  to  the  Governours  promise  by  his 
letter  unto  our  people  when  they  were  in  Mocho.  But  at  their 
arrivall  before  the  towne  they  shott  divers  peeces  [of]  ordnance  att 
them,  whereby  they  understood  they  had  no  intent  to  surrender  her 
nor  men  ;  they  therefore  came  thence  and  left  them  untill  better 
oportunity  give  us  meanes  to  fetch  them  and  take  amends  for  these 
and  other  wrongs  formerlie  offred  unto  our  people.  The  pinnace 
Spye,  master  John  Phelpes,  sent  in  sea[r]ch  of  the  Palsgrave,  &c., 
to  the  Hands,  after  her  departure  thence  was  never  heard  of ;  her 
we  give  for  utterlie  lost.'  The  munitions  sent  in  the  Blessing  and 
the  rest  are  for  the  most  part  unsei"viceable.  Such  as  are  of  any 
use  will  be  kept,  and  the  remainder  dispatched  to  England,  '  for  we 
may  not  be  suffered  to  land  them  ;  soe  jealous  are  these  people  of 
us,  notwithstanding  we  are  in  accion  in  their  aide  against  the 
common  enimies.'  Thank  them  for  copies  of  letters  from  the 
Company ;  but  the  contents  were  already  known,  partly  through 
the  Dutch  and  partly  by  a  letter  of  March  12  brought  by  the 
Jonah  and  Expedition^  which  arrived  four  days  before  the  Blessing. 
Also  received  Mr.  Barlow's  letter  to  the  Bantam  factors,  but  it  was 
so  badly  written  that  they  could  make  nothing  of  it.  Their  desire 
for  a  large  ship  is  met  by  the  dispatch  of  the  Mary.  With  her 
is  sent  the  pinnace  taken  by  Capt.  Hall  at  Dabhol  last  year  ;  this 
may  be  retained  at  Bantam.  The  Mary,  they  presume,  will  go 
home  from  thence  before  long.  The  cinnamon  is  a  welcome  con- 
tribution towards  the  lading  of  a  fourth  ship  for  England.  They 
have  landed  and  repacked  it,  '  without  any  farther  allowance  to  the 
seamen  then  their  \  part,  for  all  treasure,  Jewells,  or  marchandize 
whatsoever  or  in  what  place  soever  found  in  the  shipp  surprised  is 
to  be  brought  to  the  Companies  account,  and  no  pillage  to  be  made 
of  anie  thing,  marriners  apparrell,  &c.,  excepted.  The  Dane  \see 
p.  300]  taken  in  that  prize,  it  seemes,  is  willing  to  returne  for  his 
countrie  upon  the  Blessing!  The  pilot  and  several  other  sick  men 
have  been  released.  The  Christopher  will  be  sent  back  to  Bantam 
in  March,  together  with  the  Eagle  and  the  pinnace  Coco-nut  (now 
named  the  Little  James).  Possibly  the  Jonah,  Expedition,  and 
Hopewell  will  accompany  them,  'to  winter  in  those  parts,  for  the 
warrs  frustrating  our  hopes  in  the  Redd  Sea,  and  our  stock  and 
means  soe  weake,  we  are  doubtfull  as  yet  of  their  disposure  except 


294  THE    ENGLISH  FACTORIES 

we  send  them  to  you,  and  then  with  provicions  onHe.  our  ingage- 
ments  alreadie  at  interest  being  so  great  and  beyond  our  meanes  of 
performance  that  you  may  not  expect  anie  farther  supply  of  goods 
from  hence  untill  we  ourselves  are  better  furnished.'  Send  some 
ships'  stores,  biscuit,  wheat,  butter,  meal,  and  oil.  Cannot  supply 
rice,  as  the  old  is  bad,  and  '  no  new  good  to  be  had '.  The  Mary  is 
provisioned  for  twelve  months,  except  as  regards  sugar,  which  must 
be  supplied  at  Bantam,  as  there  is  none  to  be  had  here.  Approve 
Mr.  Scudamore's  stay  with  them.  Jeremy  Shuker  and  Malachi 
Martin,  '  both  able  and  sufficient  men,'  have  been  allowed  at  their 
own  request  to  embark  on  this  ship  in  the  hope  of  being  employed 
at  Bantam.  Have  paid  3,000  rials  of  eight  to  Mirza  Mahmud,  &c., 
in  discharge  of  the  bills  drawn  on  Surat  by  their  correspondents. 
Eustace  Man  acknowledges  a  debt  of  2,005  mahmudls.  Rejoice  to 
hear  the  good  news  from  Macassar.  '  Your  supplies  to  Mesula- 
[patam]  wilbe  also  welcome  to  our  freinds  there,  who  for  want 
of  your  wonted  correspondencies  are  become  almost  hartles  and  out 
of  hopes  of  recovering  their  almost  lost  reputs  by  the  abundant 
meanes  and  shipping  the  Dutch  have  received  this  yeare,  as  well 
from  Holland  as  from  Jaccatra.'  Trust  the  ships  will  arrive  there 
in  safety.  Approve  the  intended  dispatch  of  Mr.  Vernworthy  to 
reside  in  Batavia.  *  The  Dutch  have  this  yeare  five  shipps  from 
Jaccatra,  with  large  cavidall  for  this  place  and  Persia  ;  and  surely, 
if  our  masters  neglect  these  northern  factories  but  one  or  two  yeare 
more  as  they  have  done  these  two  past,  we  feare  the  Dutch  will 
overbeare  us  and  make  both  th'one  and  th'other  fruitless  unto 
them,  by  their  pollitique  proceedings,  undervallewing  ever  their 
owne  comodities  and  raising  those  of  this  parts  to  excussive  rates, 
with  intente  onlie  to  beate  us  out  of  trade,  so  to  leave  the  same 
wholie  unto  them  ;  which  if  not  prevented  in  Europe,  we  cannot  see 
how  our  masters  can  avoyd  the  desisting  altogether  for  itt.  Our 
charge  of  shipping,  so  farre  exceeding  theres,  devoureth  and  eateth 
up  all  the  gaines  and  bennefitt  thereby,  which  had  it  200,000/.  stock 
to  mannage  all  the  correspondencies  it  might  have  depending 
thereon,  if  follow'd  as  it  ought  to  be,  the  expence  would  be  one  and 
the  same  it  now  is  (a  few  factors  more  excepted,  to  performe  their 
imployments)  ;  and  maintained  with  yearelie  supplies  of  60,000/. 
or  thereabouts,  assisted  by  our  cr-editts  in  this  place,  which  yett  is 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  295 

preserved  with  much  more  esteeme  then  is  theirs.'  Answer  to 
Mr.  Muschamp's  complaints  of  deficiencies  in  recent  consignments, 
which  appear  to  be  due  to  robberies  on  the  way,  or  confusion  owing 
to  the  fire  on  the  Palsgrave.  '  The  15th  Aprill  the  William  sett 
sayle  for  England.  Uppon  her  went  passengers  William  Martin, 
John  Benthall,  and  Robert  Tottle,  under  commaund  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Kerridge,  but  his  commaund  dured  no  longer  then  we  were  present, 
for  Captain  Browne,  denieing  to  obey  our  commission,  would  not 
submitt  nor  loose  any  authority  conferred  on  him  by  our  honourable 
masters.  This  caused  many  disgusts,  and  how  they  wilbe  taken  by 
our  masters  we  knowe  not,  yett  doe  hope  they  will  take  into  better 
considerations  their  too  much  authority  and  ample  commissions 
given  their  sea  comaunders  heretofore,  and  betake  themselves  to 
a  better  esteeme  of  their  principall  merchants  and  factors,  who  are 
indeed  the  true  labourers  of  their  viniard,  and  th'other,  if  rightlie 
considred,  no  other  then  carriers,  fitt  for  no  other  then  to  transport 
their  goods  from  place  to  place  ;  and  that  with  such  unreasonable 
expence  and  fruitless  charges  that  by  the  tyme  they  returne  to  their 
voyage  end  the  disbursements  upon  the  way  are  manie  tymes  more 
then  the  principall  of  their  cavidall.  In  this  kinde  we  doubt  you 
wilbe  troubled  with  this  commaunder,  annimated  the  more  by  th' 
others  example,  though  incertaine  how  he  will  come  off  with  this  his 
contempt.  But  you,  knoweing  better  how  to  handle  these  sorte  of 
people  then  we  have  donne,  will  we  doubt  not  learne  them  to  knowe 
themselves.'  '  The  Palsgrave.  Dolphin,  Discoveries  and  William 
carried  hence  cargazons  of  vallue  upward  of  160,000/.  sterling,  first 
pennie  [i.  e.  cost]  in  these  parts  ;  uppon  which  we  remaine  ingaged  at 
interest  above  40,000/.,  and  whereunto  we  have  since  added  almost  or 
altogether  50,000/.  more;  soe  as,  uppon  arriv^all  of  our  shipps  Jonah 
and  Expedicioji  from  England  the  31  \_sic]  September  with  a  cavidall 
of  61,000/.,  goods  and  monies,  we  are  indebted  in  the  countrie  upon 
the  point  of  90,000/. ;  wherof  hetherto  we  have  not  beene  able 
to  disburden  our  masters  of  the  least  part,  their  goods  lyeing  all 
unsould,  and  the  small  supply  of  rials  (being  but  two  chests)  are 
expended,  with  much  more,  in  the  provicions  for  the  shipps,  &c. 
The  gold,  amounting  to  44,000/.^  is  unvendible,  and  so  fallen  in  itts 
esteeme  and  price  that,  besides  the  trouble  to  putt  it  of,  it  will  bring 
an  unexpected  loss  uppon  our  masters  ;   and   much  more  would 


296  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

it  have  done  had  the  lading  of  our  shipps  been  now  to  provide. 
Such  is  the  misserie  of  our  trade  in  these  parts,  where  we  lye  at  the 
mercy  of  the  xaroffs  [shroffs]  or  exchangers  of  monie,  who  at  their 
pleasures  raise  and  fall  the  price  of  either  specie  as  themselves 
please.  Hereby  you  may  perceive  how  farr  we  are  plunged  into 
a  laborinth  of  debts,  without  meanes  of  reliefe.  Notwithstanding 
we  are  willing  to  cleare  so  farr  as  that  small  stock  will  extend, 
no  man  will  eather  receive  or  buy  anie  gold,  that  soe  we  might  by 
degrees  ease  ourselves  of  some  clamorous  and  troublesome  creditors; 
unto  all  which  your  returns  to  us  are  not  at  all  assisting,  more  then 
to  helpe  in  the  lading  home  of  our  shipps  by  adding  somewhat 
to  their  adventure  ;  neither  hath  the  Exchange  from  the  Red  Sea 
been  helpefuU  in  that  proporcion  we  did  expect,  as  we  have  in 
a  former  clause  expressed  ;  nor  hath  Captain  Halls  designes  fallen 
out  soe  succesfull  as  we  imagined,  having  beene  twice  thus  deceived 
of  our  hopes  of  surprizall  of  outward  bound  shipps  from  Portugal!, 
from  whence  this  yeare  there  is  not  anie  as  yett  arrived,  though  an 
avizo  came  in  June  last  by  a  carvell  putt  into  Chaul  by  foule 
weather,  that  did  certefie  of  5  gallions  and  3  carrecks  to  be  prepar- 
ing, and  in  them  Don  Franscisco  Mascarenos  for  Viceroy.  Those, 
report  saith,  mett  at  their  coming  forth  uppon  the  coast  of  Portingall 
with  60  saile  men  of  \varr,  but  what  became  of  them  not  knowne. 
Their  long  stay  gives  more  hopes  of  the  truth  hereof  then  otherwise 
we  are  assured  itt  is  soe.  Howsoever,  their  force[s]  are  in  these 
parts  verie  weakc,  and  their  estate  much  declining  at  this  tyme.' 
Are  sorry  that  they  cannot  send  them  a  better  stock  of  goods  than 
the  Mary's  present  cargo, '  for  besids  our  want  of  meanes  for  invest- 
ments, the  Dutch  do  lay  out  soe  eagerlie  in  all  parts  for  southerne 
goods  that  they  are  risen  20  per  cent,  above  the  price  they  were 
worth  before  the  arrivall  of  their  shipps.  This  their  hast  is  for  the 
dispeed  of  one  shippe  for  Jaccatra  about  the  beginning  of  the  next 
month.  Th'other  six  are  bound  for  Persia  about  the  same  tyme, 
and  in  company  of  soe  many  more  of  ours,  which  we  send  rather  to 
performe  with  our  promisses  ingaged  to  the  Moores  of  this  place  to 
transport  their  goods  and  persons,  and  to  take  awaie  the  Persians 
objeccions  against  our  desist  from^  trade  in  his  kingdomes,  then  for 
anie  great  benefitt  is  made  for  freight  and  customes.  Our  masters 
have  sent  by  these  shipps  onelie  a  letter,  fuller  of  after  hopes  then 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  297 

presente  supplies,  to  those  factories,  and  indeed  forbidd  us  the  send- 
ing anie  shipp  thither  .  .  .  yett,  as  we  said,  our  words  past  so  farre 
unto  these  people,  and  no  other  imployment  then  offered,  we  chose 
rather  to  keepe  them  in  accion,  by  which  we  might  accrew  some 
cash  into  our  and  their  chests  towards  the  great  and  excussive 
charge  our  shipps  lye  at,  espetially  in  port,  then  to  reserve  them  here 
idly  uppon  expence  onlie.'  Account  of  provisions  sent  on  the 
Mary  ;  more  will  be  supplied  on  the  return  of  the  fleet  from  Persia. 
Errors  and  overcharges  in  the  account  for  '  Moores  goods '  in  last 
year's  fleet.  A  bale  of  brown  dutties  missing.  Would  be  glad  of 
a  supply  of  pepper,  spices,  and  turtle-shells,  for  which  they  will 
engage  to  return  Indian  commodities.  Notice  should  be  sent 
beforehand  by  way  of  MasuHpatam.  Job  Harvy  ^  desires  to  know 
what  has  become  of  his  coral ;  if  it  is  at  Masulipatam,  they  suggest 
that  it  should  be  recalled  to  Bantam,  as  also  a  quantity  of  chinaware 
which  is  lying  there  unvendible.  Payment  to  be  made  by  the  Dutch 
at  Batavia  for  a  butt  of  sack  supplied  by  Captain  Hall  to  '  Com- 
maundour  Vanderbroke '  at  Surat.  In  future,  ships  coming  hither 
need  only  be  supplied  with  sufficient '  rack  '  [arrack]  to  last  till  their 
arrival,  as  it  can  be  made  here  more  cheaply  '  and  in  our  opinions 
more  holesome'.  Have  not  hitherto  adopted  this  course,  but  intend 
next  season  to  order  the  preparation  of  a  quantity.  Some  beef  and 
pork  forwarded  from  the  ships'  stores.  As  regards  private  trade, 
they  have  no  doubt  heard  by  the  Dove  '  how  much  our  masters  are 
insenst  against  the  preposterous  proceedings  of  some  particulers 
[i.  e.  individuals],  to  the  gennerall  scandall  of  all  their  servants,  as 
well  in  these  parts  as  with  you,  and  will  doubtlesse  lend  your 
assisting  hands  to  itts  remedie  in  some  measure,  as  we  here  have 
alreadie  begunne,  and  shall,  we  hope,  rectefie  the  maine  and  greatest 
abuses  therein.  These  taken  awaie,  th'other  of  less  import  wilbe 
more  easilie  reduced  into  a  more  moderate  manner  then  hetherto ; 
yet  to  accomplish  with  our  masters  order,  we  send  you  herewith 
halfe  a  dozen  of  proclamacions,^  together  with  a  booke  intituled 

'  Job  Harby,  or  Harvey,  one  of  the  '  Committees '  of  the  Company  and  a  prominent 
London  merchant.  He  became  one  of  the  Farmers  of  the  Customs,  and  was  knighted  in 
December,  1637. 

2  The  royal  proclamation  of  February  15,  1628,  prohibiting  private  trade  except  so  far 
as  it  may  be  licensed  by  the  Company  (see  Cale7idar  of  State  Papers,  E.  Indies,  1625-9, 
p.  466). 


298  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Healths  Sickncs,  that  soe  you  may  dispose  them  unto  all  your 
subordinate  factories,  that  the  want  of  notice  of  our  masters  minds 
may  not  give  them  cause  of  pleading  ignorrance.'      {Copy.     16^ pp.) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  the  President  and 
Council  of  Surat  to  Captain  John  Hall  for  his  Voyage 
to  Bantam,  November  9,  1628  [Factory  Records,  Stirat,  vol.  i. 
p.  129). 

He  is  constituted  chief  commander  of  the  Mary  and  the  John. 
'  As  we  havebeene  ascertained  that  the  Portugall,  uppon  intelligence 
of  your  intendment  to  repaire  to  Rajapore  after  returne  from 
Mosambique,  prepared  and  fitted  5  gallions  of  warre  and  25 
galliotts  and  frigatts,  and  that  Battelio,  cheife  commaunder  of 
those  forces,  with  private  commission  proceeded  thither,  rodd 
there  15  dayes  attending  your  approach  and^  receiving  advice  of 
your  arrivall  att  this  port,  fell  dovvne  againe  to  Goa,  where  he 
now  in  full  strength  awaiteth  all  advantages  as  may  be  offered,' 
Hall  is  to  stand  on  his  guard  and  to  keep  well  off  the  coast  in  his 
voyage.  To  lose  no  time  in  reaching  his  port.  If  any  Dutch 
ships  be  met  with,  he  is  to  be  prepared  to  repel  an  attack, '  we  being 
jealous  of  the  fastnes  of  their  amitie.'  He  may  capture  any  vessels 
belonging  to  the  Portuguese,  '  Decannee,'  or  other  enemies,  care 
being  taken  to  register  and  deliver  the  prize  goods  at  Bantam ; 
he  and  the  sailors  will  be  allowed  their  sixth  part,  according  to  the 
Company's  orders.  The  estates  of  deceased  men  (except  apparel 
&c.,  which  may  be  sold  at  the  mast  as  usual)  are  to  be  registered 
by  the  purser  and  delivered  at  Bantam  for  remittance  home.  At 
Bantam  he  will  receive  instructions  from  the  President  and  Council. 
Peter  Elliott  (master  of  the  Mary),  Jeremy  Shuker  and  Malachi 
Martin  (factors),  Daniel  White  (purser),  and  one  of  the  master's 
mates,  are  to  form  his  Council,  he  himself  having  a  casting  vote. 
The  purser  is  to  register  the  proceedings  and  deliver  a  transcript 
at  Bantam.  Shuker  and  Martin  commended  to  his  good  treatment. 
In  case  of  Hall's  death,  Elliott  is  to  take  charge  of  the  ship, 
'  butt  to  assume  no  other  supremacie  or  title  then  to  a  shippe 
master  belongeth.'     {Copy.     2pp.) 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  299 

Edward  Austin's  Account  of  his  Voyage  to  Bantam  in 
THE  Mar  y  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlvii.  p.  59). 

1628,  November  11.  The  Mary  sailed  from  Swally,  accompanied 
by  the  frigate  John.  December  6.  They  were  in  the  latitude  of 
Cape  Comorin.  December  23.  Sighted  Engano.  Decetnber  25. 
The  Mary  anchored  in  Bantam  Road.  The  John  came  in  the 
following  day.  (5^  pp.  The  rest  of  the  journal  is  occupied  by  an 
account  of  the  homeward  voyage  of  the  lAzxy  from  Bantam.) 

President  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,  Joseph  Hopkinson, 
George  Page,  and  Richard  Boothby  at  Surat  to  the 
President  and  Council  at  Bantam,  November  17,  1628 
{Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  488).^ 

Wrote  at  large  by  the  Mary  and  the  Johi,  which  sailed  on  the 
nth  current.  They  would  have  sent  transcripts  '  by  this  convey- 
ance of  the  Dutch ',  but  fear  they  would  be  suppressed  or  at  least 
detained,  and  so  will  dispatch  them  in  a  day  or  two  by  way  of 
Masulipatam  instead.  Their  indebtedness,  due  to  sending  home 
so  many  ships  this  year  and  last,  prevented  them  from  making 
a  large  consignment  to  Bantam  in  the  Mary.  A  small  sum  to 
be  recovered  from  '  Jeremy  Shugar '.  Cannot  yet  decide  what 
to  do  with  the  Jonah,  Expedition,  Hopewell,  and  Little  James, 
but  they  may  come  to  Bantam  to  winter.  No  news  yet  of  the 
arrival  of  a  ship  at  Masulipatam.     {Copy.     2  pp.) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Wylde  and 
Messrs.  SkiBbow,  Hopkinson,  Page,  and  Boothby,  December 
6,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  131). 

Mr.  Mountney  having  advised  an  offer  from  several  merchants 
of  Ahmadabad  to  buy  the  quicksilver  at  90  rupees  per  maund  for 
the  whole,  or  95  rupees  for  300  maunds,  it  is  decided  that,  as  the 
factors  there  are  much  in  debt,  and  have  been  lately  charged  from 
Agra  by  Mr.  Clement  and  the  rest  with  21,000  rupees  by  exchange, 
300  maunds  of  the  quicksilver  shall  be  sent  thither,  together  with 
four  baskets  ol  amber  beads  :    and  Mr.  Willoughby  is  to  convey 

^  A  second  copy  will  be  found  at  p.  511  of  the  same  volume,  and  a  third  forms 
0.  C.  1 284. 


300  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

the  same  from  Broach  to  Ahmadabad  with  ten  or  twelve  English- 
men as  a  guard.     {Copy.     \  p.) 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Blessing  by  President 
Wylde  and  Council  and  the  Commanders  and  Masters  of 
THE  Fleet/  December  8,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Sicrat,  vol.  i. 
p.  132). 

Promises  having  been  made  to  '  Ckiraut  Ckan  [Khairat  Khan], 
His  Majesties  embassadore  of  Persia',  and  to  sundry  principal 
merchants  of  Surat,  to  transport  their  goods  and  persons  to 
Gombroon,  and  they  having  brought  down  to  the  Marine  far  more 
goods  than  can  be  embarked  in  the  ships,  whereupon  Hari  Vaisya 
and  Virjl  Vora,  in  the  name  of  the  rest,  have  threatened,  unless  all 
be  taken,  to  call  in  their  debts  (which  cannot  be  paid  owing  to 
want  of  cash),  it  is  decided  to  defer  the  dispatch  of  the  Hart 
to  England  and  to  send  her  with  the  rest  to  Persia  to  carry  the 
surplus  goods.  Peter  Vrinson,  a  Dane  captured  in  the  Cinnamon, 
is  entertained  at  20i-.  per  month.  Gualther  Hammon  appointed 
surgeon  on  shore,  and  George  Morgan  made  surgeon  of  the 
Exchange  in  his  place.  The  Hart  is  to  '  weare  the  flagge  on  the 
foretoppe  ^  to  the  Jonas  '  until  her  return  to  Swally.    {Copy.    '^\ pp-) 

Order  to  the  Fleet  at  Swally  by  the  President  and 
Council  at  Surat,  December  8,  1628  {Ibid.,  p.  133). 

All  ballast  taken  out  of  the  ships  is  to  be  deposited  on  the  beach 
above  high  water  mark,  both  to  avoid  danger  to  the  ships'  boats 
and  to  make  it  available  for  other  vessels  needing  a  supply.  Any 
officer  infringing  this  rule  will  forfeit  10/.  for  each  load, '  towards  the 
maintenance  of  the  Hospital!  now  in  ereccion  att  Blackwall.'  The 
Clerk  of  the  Stores  is  to  collect  the  stones  lying  between  high  and 
low  water  mark,  and  the  company  of  any  ship  flinging  more  stones 
into  the  water  will  be  required  to  defray  the  cost  of  collection. 
{Copy,     ip.) 

*  Swanley,  Slade,  Evans,  Pashley,  Watts,  and  Cowlan. 
2  In  other  words,  to  be  the  vice-admiral  of  the  squadron. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  301 

Instructions  from  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat 
TO  Richard  Predys  for  his  Voyage  to  Gombroon,  December 
12, 1628  {Ibid.,  p.  134). 

To  take  his  passage  on  the  Jonas,  to  see  to  the  sale  of  the 
Company's  goods  at  Gombroon.  '  without  having  any  relacion  unto 
the  Agent  and  factors  there  resident,'  though  he  may  leave  certain 
goods  with  them  if  necessary.  The  pepper,  saltpetre,  and  gumlac 
should  not  be  sold  unless  there  is  a  good  market  for  them,  but 
returned  upon  the  ship.  The  proceeds  of  his  cargo  should  be 
brought  back  in  rials  or  '  abassees '  \see  previous  volume,  p.  186]  ; 
'  but  doe  you  leave  noe  monies  at  all,  or  other  goods  then  are  here 
specified,  to  the  factory,  for,  our  masters  forbearing  to  supply  them, 
wee  may  not  breake  their  order  except  upon  our  owne  perills.'  He 
is  appointed  to  be  one  of  the  Council  during  his  abode  in  Persia. 
Not  to  part  with  any  money  to  the  Agent,  &c.,  for  bills  on  Surat. 
Signor  Jeronimo  is  sent  to  assist  him,  especially  in  the  event  of 
a  Portuguese  vessel  being  captured,  in  which  case  great  care  must 
be  taken  to  prevent  pillage.  He  may  also  employ  George  William- 
son (who  returns  to  Persia  to  fetch  his  accounts)  to  help  in  selling 
goods  and  persuading  the  native  merchants  to  embark  on  the 
English  rather  than  on  the  Dutch  ships.  There  being  no  room 
in  the  fleet,  they  have  embarked  too  bales  of  tobacco  and  some 
cotton  wool  in  a  Surat  junk  named  the  '  Fettee  '  [Fath,  '  Victory '], 
which  is  to  sail  in  their  company.  Predys  is  to  see  to  the  sale 
of  these  goods;  if  this  be  not  effected  before  his  departure,  he  may 
leave  them  with  the  Agent.  As  many  good  horses  as  can  be  got 
should  be  brought  back  ;  also  some  rose  water,  pistachios,  walnuts, 
and  '  some  achar  [Persian  dchdr,  pickles  or  consen^es]  of  severall 
kinds,  but  espetially  of  wild  garlicke,  if  there  to  bee  had.'  No 
time  is  to  be  lost  in  returning  to  India,  as  the  Hart  and  another 
ship  are  to  go  to  England  on  their  return.     {Copy,     "^hpp-) 

Commission  and  Instructions  from  the  President  and 
Council  of  Surat  to  Captain  Richard  Swanley  for  his 
Voyage  to  Persia,  December  12,  1628  {O.C.  1286).^ 

He  is  appointed  chief  commander  of  the  fleet,  consisting  of  the 
Jonah  (admiral),  Hart  (vice-admiral),  Christopher   (rear-admiral), 

^  There  is  a  second  copy  in  Fculory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  137. 


3oa  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Expedition,  Hopeivcll,  Eagle,  and  pinnace  James}  To  sail  in 
company  with  the  Dutch.  To  treat  the  native  passengers  '  with 
all  courteous  respects  and  affable  deport,  especiallie  Ckirraut  Ckan, 
His  Majesties  embassador,  and  familie'.  His  council  is  to  consist 
of  Predys,  Evans,  Ball,  Watts,  Minors,  and  Cowlan,  with  William 
White  -  and  Richard  Garlick.  Thomas  Turner,  purser,  is  to  '  keepe 
registrie '  and  deliver  a  transcript  on  his  return.  Swanley  is  to 
have  a  casting  vote,  if  necessary.  *  Our  imployers,  for  reasons  best 
knowne  to  themselves,  discontinuing  trade  in  those  parts,  and  wee 
anxious  of  the  Persians  fidelitie,  having  bin  latelye  advertised  by 
letters  from  the  Agent  thear  resident  of  his  doubted  perfideous 
intendment  to  dispossesse  them  of  their  title  to  the  moitie  of  the 
customes  at  Gombroone  for  breach  of  contract  in  matters  of  com- 
merce,' Swanley,  in  order  to  avoid  giving  a  pretext  for  such  action, 
is  to  issue  a  proclamation  aboard  the  different  ships,  strictly  pro- 
hibiting any  Englishman  from  passing  passengers'  goods  through 
the  customs  as  his  own,  thereby  defrauding  '  the  Shawabasse ' 
[Shah  Abbas]  and  the  Company  of  their  dues,  on  pain  of  forfeiture 
of  goods  and  wages,  and  further  exemplary  punishment.  Private 
trade  to  be  stopped,  in  accordance  with  previous  orders.  Should 
any  vessel  be  captured,  care  is  to  be  taken  to  prevent  pillage.  In- 
ventories to  be  drawn  up  of  the  estates  of  deceased  men,  and  their 
goods  made  over  to  the  Company.  To  take  all  precautions  against 
attacks  by  the  Portuguese,  and  to  call  at  J  ask  for  news  of  the 
enemy's  strength  and  in  order  to  advise  the  Gombroon  factors. 
He  is  not  to  remain  longer  than  ten  or  fifteen  days  at  Gombroon. 
If  it  may  be  done  without  danger,  the  Eagle  and  James,  or  one  of 
them,  may  be  sent  to  Ormus  to  lade  '  geru,  or  redd  earthe  of  Ormuz  ' 
[see  p.  1 88].  On  his  return  voyage,  he  may  wait  for  the  Dutch 
or  not,  as  seems  best.  Predys  is  exempted  from  Swanley's  com- 
mand, and  is  to  be  afforded  all  assistance  necessary  for  the  discharge 
of  his  duties.  On  reaching  the  Indian  coast,  the  fleet  may  look 
into  Dabhol  or  other  ports  near,  in  order  to  capture  vessels  '  not 
subjects  to  this  King,  or  sayling  without  our  passe  ' ;  but  this  is  not 
to  be  attempted  if  it  would  occasion  loss  of  time.  In  the  event  of 
Swanley's   death,    Eivans   is   to   command    the   fleet.      P.S. — The 

'  Omitted  in  the  other  copy  (see  postscript). 
^  Omitted  in  the  other  copy. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  303 

disaster  to  the  Little  James  having  deprived  him  of  a  ship,  he  is  to 
make  a  point  of  waiting  for  the  Dutch  on  the  return  voyage,  except 
in  some  unforeseen  emergency.     {Signed  copy.     5iPP') 

Consultation  held  aboard  the  Jonah  [at  Swally]  by 
President  Wylde  and  the  Commanders  of  the  Ships  ^ 
December  16,  1628  {Factory  Records,  Surat,  vol.  i.  p.  136). 

In  consequence  of  '  the  late  disastour  befallen  the  Little  Jeames 
in  the  river,  with  the  incertainty  of  the  Portugalls  strength  of  ship- 
ping and  their  aboad  at  present,  some  reporting  7  galliouns  to  be 
arived  in  Goa  from  Lisbon,  others  2,  with  sundry  flying  tales  not 
to  bee  credited,  and  the  advise  lately  received  from  Tho.  de  Costa 
conceived  to  bee  only  intended  to  inveagle  us  by  false  insinuacions, 
the  Viceroy  of  Goa  having  utterly  given  out  to  extirpate  both  the 
Dutch  and  us  from  this  northern  trade ',  it  is  resolved  that  the  Persia 
fleet  shall  wait  ten  days,  in  order  that  the  Exchange.,  Blessing,  and 
Star,  which  are  bound  for  England,  may  start  in  their  company. 
It  is  also  agreed  that  the  ChristopJier  and  Hopeivcll,  if  trimmed  at 
Gombroon,  shall  make  all  possible  speed  therein,  in  order  not  to 
delay  unduly  the  return  of  the  fleet.     {Copy.     \p) 

Consultation  held  in  Surat  by  President  Wylde  and 
Messrs.  Skibbo\y,  Hopkinson,  Page,  and  Boothby,  December 
18,  162^  {Ibid.,  p.  i42;.2 

'  Through  the  presente  disesteeme  of  Jewells  and  other  rarieties 
at  the  court  of  Shaw  Jehaune  and  their  disregard  with  his  nobillity 
since  the  decease  of  the  late  Jehaungeere,'  it  is  decided  to  return 
to  England,  under  the  care  of  Hopkinson,  certain  goods  of  that 
kind  which  have  long  lain  unvendible  at  Agra  and  other  places  ; 
also  some  others,  which  were  received  by  the  fleet  of  the  Jonas  and 
were  taken  to  Ahmadabad  by  Willoughby,  but  brought  back  again 
because  the  best  price  obtainable  was  under  a  fourth  part  of  the 
cost  as  invoiced.     {Copy.     |  p.) 

1  Swanley,  Slade,  Pashley,  Evans,  Watto,  Ball,  Minors,  and  Cowlan. 
^  This  is  the  last  entry  in  this  particular  section,  which  was  doubtless  sent  home  in  the 
Exchange. 


304  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

[President  Wylde  and  Council  at  Surat  to  the  Com- 
pany, December  31,  1628 1]  {O.C.  1286*). 

{First part  missing.)  The  charge  against  Eustace  Man.  Thomas 
Robinson  and  Gabriel  Kennicot  the  principal  actors  herein.  The 
former,  for  his  charges  of  bribery  made  against  the  President  and 
others,  was  brought  before  a  council  and,  as  he  only  increased  his 
ofifence  by  his  '  insolent  and  unsufferable  words  of  disrespect ',  was 
put  into  irons  on  board  the  Star.  After  eight  days  he  submitted 
and  was  released,  though  they  had  intended  that  he  should  be  sent 
home  in  the  same  manner.  He  is  one  of  the  most  shameless  and 
impudent  rascals  that  live,  and  a  traitor  to  the  Company,  although 
his  information  regarding  some  abuses  to  the  southwards  may  have 
wrought  a  favourable  opinion.  His  papers  have  been  seized  and 
are  now  forwarded.  They  contain  some  accusations  against  Wylde, 
but  the  latter  is  confident  that  the  Company  will  not  condemn  him 
until  he  appears  before  them  to  justify  himself,  which  he  entreats 
may  be  by  the  first  ships  of  next  season,  '  his  tyme  being  expired.' 
The  imminent  dispatch  of  these  three  ships  prevents  them  from 
enlarging  on  the  topic.  '  The  accident  befallen  the  Little  James 
and  5  boates  of  goods  belonging  to  these  people,  being  robd  by  the 
Portugall  at  the  same  tyme,  hath  caused  them  to  detaine  the  Persian 
fleet,  both  ours  and  the  Dutch,  for  the  Kings  junck  eight  dayes.' 
{Portion  missing?)  After  the  departure  of  these  ships,  they  will 
only  have  the  Jonah  and  Hopewell  or  Expedition  left  to  lade  for 
England,  for  the  Christopher  and  Eagle  belong  to  Bantam  and 
must  return  thither  for  repairs.  Propose  to  send  the  Jonah  and 
the  pinnace  home  next  season,  and  in  them  Wylde  will  return  if 
the  Company  license  his  departure.  '  The  4th  October  your  shipp 
Exchange  aryved  from  Mocha,  where  through  occation  of  warrs 
betweene  the  Turks  and  Arabs  little  of  her  cargazone  was  sold,  as 
Mr.  Hopkinson,  who  was  cape  marchant  upon  her,  can  informe  you, 
unto  whome  wee  pray  you  be  pleased  to  be  referred  for  what  con- 
cernes  that  place,  and  the  hopes  it  may  afford  you  in  after  tymes, 
when  there  shalbe  peace  and  Your  Worships  have  an  overplus  of 
stock  to  follow  that  trade.  William  Fall  and  William  Knightley 
retorned  thence  with  him,  James  Ollyver  deseasing  before  theire 

*  The  date  is  deduced  from  a  subsequent  letter  {O.C.  1292). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  305 

departure  ;  and  Thomas  Beale  came  thence  the  last  yere  on  Court 
Mahmuds  junck,  who,  chased  on  shore  nere  Dabull,  was  theire 
slaine  by  the  Moores  at  his  landing,  as  wee  have  bin  informed  by 
one  of  Court  Mahmuds  servants  then  in  the  junk.  Your  pinnace 
Scout  was  put  ashore  to  the  eastward  of  Aden  the  last  yere  with 
nyne  men  in  her,  who  with  helpe  of  the  country  people  gott  her  of 
and  went  for  Aden,  where  3  of  the  said  9  dyed  presently,  and  since 
all  the  rest  except  2,  the  master,  Nathaniell  Best,  and  another.  For 
these  Mr.  Hopkinson,  etc.,  at  theire  being  in  Mocho  made  meanes 
for  theire  release  and  surrender  of  the  pinnace.  Both  weare 
fairely  promised  by  the  Arabs  to  them  by  letters  ;  but  when  the 
Exchange  in  her  coming  thence  put  into  the  road  to  bring  them  and 
vessel!  away,  the  castle  shott  diverse  shot  at  them  ;  whereby  they 
perceaved  they  had  noe  intent  to  make  restitution  of  the  shipp  nor 
deliver  up  theire  men,  and  the  season  requiring  his  repaire  thence 
they  retorned  without  them.  But  wee  doe  hope  through  the 
mediacion  of  the  marchants  of  this  citty  wee  shall  obtaine  both 
men  and  vessell ;  elce  shall  wee  not  faile  to  prevent  the  traders  to 
that  port  and  force  them  to  satisfaction.  In  the  meane  tyme  let 
not  to  be  sensible  of  the  losse  you  sustaine  hereby.  Of  your  other 
pinnace  Spy  we  cannot  yet  heare  the  least  newes  ;  doe  therefore 
doubt  she  is  sunck  in  the  sea.  Both  have  byn  as  unfortunate  as 
unusefuU  in  theise  parts,  howsoever  you  have  byn  perswaded  by 
your  seamen  to  theire  buildinge,  as  also  of  other  friggotts.'  On 
October  4  arrived  from  Bantam  the  Blessmg,  CJiristopher^  and 
pinnace  Coco-nut  (since  re-named  the  Little  James),  bringing 
a  quantity  of  pepper,  cinnamon,  '  areck  or  beetle  nuts,'  and  red- 
wood. The  coco-nuts  '  and  cophra  [copra],  which  is  the  meat 
within  the  cokernutts ',  formerly  on  board  the  pinnace  had  been 
sold  at  Bantam.  With  the  exception  of  the  pepper,  all  these  goods 
had  been  taken  from  two  Portuguese  vessels  captured  by  the  Blessing 
on  her  way  to  Bantam.  One  of  these  [the  Coco-nut\  was  brought 
hither  and,  being  found  to  be  'a  pretty  vessell  and  verry  good 
sailour ',  was  taken  up  to  Surat  for  repairs.  Having  been  thoroughly 
refitted,  she  'on  the  6  currentt  set  sayle  from  hence,  wee  having 
laden  on  her  500  baggs  [of]  rice  for  sale  in  Persia ;  but,  it  being 
calme  and  little  wind,  could  not  gett  out  untill  the  nth  dicto  ; 
when  being  under  sayle  and  almost  at  the  barr  foote,  she  with  the 

FOSTER   III  X 


3o6  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Hart  and  Stars  barges  weare  assaulted  by  17  sayle  of  Portugall 
friggotts,  and  after  a  long  defence  made,  and  the  master  slaine,  she 
was  blowen  up  by  her  owne  people,  of  whome  weare  lost  and  taken 
about  30  persons,  and  so  many  more  escaped,  some  in  the  barges, 
others  swyming  on  shore.  One  Scotchman,  by  name  John  Dury, 
belonging  to  the  Jonah,  being  pittifully  burnt  and  (as  they  con- 
ceived) blind,  was,  by  intercesion  of  an  English  gunner  they  had 
aboard  before,  sent  up  unto  us  by  a  country  boate.  This  man  after 
5  dayes  dyed  suddenly  and  without  any  outward  signe  of  death.  He 
reported  that  there  are  14  or  15  more  taken  prisoners  in  the  water 
swyming  in  the  river,  whome  wee  sent  to  release  for  other  Portugalls 
aboard  your  shipps,  but  would  not  be  graunted,  the  captain  saying 
he  would  first  present  them  to  the  Vice  Kinge  in  Goa,  who  might 
afterwards  dispose  of  them  as  hee  should  see  cause.  Wee  much 
doubt  theire  releasement  :  yet  shall  wee  not  faile  in  our  indeavours 
therein'.  Details  of  the  pepper,  &c.,  laden.  Some  cinnamon 
belonging  to  the  crew  of  the  prize  was  claimed  by  the  captors. 
{Portion  damaged.)  Papers  sent  home.  The  accounts  for  this  year 
are  not  yet  ready,  but  will  be  forwarded  by  the  next  conveyance, 
together  with  those  from  Agra,  Ahmadabad,  Baroda,  and  Broach. 
These  ships  are  being  dispatched  in  some  haste,  for  fear  lest  they 
should  be  waylaid  by  the  Portuguese  if  they  remain  behind  the 
fleet  for  Persia.  On  October  34,  finding  that  they  had  enough 
goods  to  fill  the  Hart  also,  it  was  decided  to  send  her  home  ;  and 
accordingly  they  began  to  lade  her.  On  the  7th  instant,  however, 
the  Moors,  having  many  goods  left  over  after  filHng  the  ships 
intended  for  Persia,  demanded  that  the  promise  of  sending  seven 
vessels  thither  should  be  fulfilled.  Having  forced  the  Dutch  to 
land  much  rice,  tobacco,  and  cotton  wool  to  take  in  native  goods 
instead  ^,  they  on  the  8th  sent  two  of  their  principal  merchants, 
Hari  Vaisya  and  Virji  Vora,  to  whom  the  English  were  indebted 
over  30,000/.,  with  a  message  that  while  they  would  not  (as  they 
might)  forcibly  prevent  the  lading  of  the  ships,  yet  unless  their 
request  was  granted  they  would  insist  on  their  debts  being  paid 
before  the  goods  were  put  on  board  for  England.  As  there  was 
no  money  available  for  this  purpose,  no  course  remained  but  to 
unload  the  Hart  again  and  appoint  her  for  Persia.     After  all  this 

^  See  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  ix.  no.  298. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  307 

is  as  well,  for  they  have  since  heard  that  one  caravan  of  195  camels 
expected  from  Agra  is  detained  on  the  way,  owing  to  want  of 
money  to  pay  tolls  ;  while  of  the  second  from  the  same  place,  which 
cannot  be  less  than  700  camels,  no  news  has  come  to  hand.  Pro- 
bably they  will  not  be  here  before  the  middle  or  end  of  February, 
and  it  would  have  been  a  pity  to  detain  the  ships  till  then.  They 
will  inquire  into  the  cause  of  the  delay,  which  is  in  contravention  to 
their  orders,  and  will  recur  to  the  subject  in  a  later  clause,  '  where 
wee  shall  diswade  you  from  the  continewance  of  that  factory  any 
longer.'  In  response  to  a  demand  from  Bantam,  they  dispeeded 
thither  on  November  12  the  Mary  and  the  Jolm.  Account  of  their 
lading.  Should  the  Company  determine  to  revive  that  trade,  it 
would  be  advisable,  instead  of  sending  rials  thither  direct,  to  forward 
them,  in  the  first  instance,  to  Surat,  where  they  might  be  invested 
in  goods  that  would  produce  100  per  cent,  profit  or  more  at  Bantam. 
A  ship  should  also  be  dispeeded  direct  to  Masulipatam  (as  is  done 
by  the  Dutch)  to  purchase  goods  and  then  go  on  to  Bantam  ;  '  for 
uppon  theise  two  factories  will  and  must  your  sotherne  trade  be 
grounded,  if  ever  you  meane  to  reape  proffitt  thereby.'  Another 
convenience  would  be  that  letters  could  be  sent  overland  from 
Masulipatam  to  Surat,  giving  early  intelligence  of  the  Company's 
plans.  '  This  the  Dutch  had  this  yere,  and  had  prevented  us  of  the 
Amadavad  indico,  had  wee  not  gathered  by  circomstances  from 
theire  owne  discourse  of  their  intents  .  .  .  Wee  gave  presente  order 
to  your  servants  in  Amadavad  to  goe  throughe  for  the  whole  parcell 
of  old  indico  of  the  last  yeres  groweth,  which  wee  weare  ascertained 
to  be  extraordjnaiy  good  and  in  opinnion  of  some  of  our  people  and 
brokers  is  little  inferiour  to  that  made  in  Agra.'  There  is  small 
likelihood  of  a  fall  in  price,  unless  the  Armenian  and  Moor  merchants 
forbear  their  buying  for  Persia,  &c.,  where  it  is  in  much  request,  not 
less  than  1,500  bales  having  been  laden  on  the  Dutch  and  English 
ships  this  year.  The  Governor  will  not  allow  them  to  sell  lead 
to  any  one  but  himself;  but  this  is  avoided  by  sending  it  to 
Ahmadabad  and  trucking  it  for  indigo.  Proceed  to  answer  the 
Company's  letter  received  by  the  Jonah  and  Expedition  ;  but  first 
intimate  the  loan  to  the  Dutch  of  twenty-five  barrels  of  gunpowder, 
and  enclose  Van  den  Broeck's  letter  to  his  masters  for  payment 
of  the  amount  in  England.     Note  the  receipt  of  the  Surat  letter  of 

X  2 


3o8  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

November  29,  1626,  per  Vincent  Harris;  also  that  the  London  and 
Reformation  had  arrived  in  safety.  Perceive  that  the  original  of 
that  letter  was  not  delivered  to  the  Company  until  January  14, 
i6a8,  wherein  as  in  all  things  the  Dutch  have  abused  them.  Did 
not  send  a  letter  by  the  Palsgrave  and  William  to  Bantam, 
as  they  did  not  think  there  was  a  chance  of  its  being  forwarded. 
Regret  that  the  late  President  at  Bantam  has  incurred  the  Com- 
pany's displeasure  by  sending  the  Abigail  to  the  Coast  and  in 
her  Mr.  Man,  'as  you  conceive  to  invest  his  great  estate  in 
diamonds.'  Are  persuaded  that  this  information  is  wrong,  for 
Mr.  Man,  who  now  goes  passenger  in  the  Star,  protests  that  he 
did  not  buy  a  single  diamond.  INIr.  Kerridge  has  no  doubt  explained 
the  detention  of  the  Dolphin.  They  very  well  apprehend  that  the 
life  of  trade  consists  in  quick  and  speedy  returns,  and  they  wish  the 
Company  were  as  ready  to  find  the  means  as  they  are  to  procure 
the  goods.  Had  the  commodities  purchased  in  Agra  and  Ajmer 
come  down  in  time  for  these  ships,  the  value  sent  home  this  season 
w^ould  have  exceeded  that  of  the  supply  received  by  the  Jonah,  &c. 
Trust  that  the  dispatch  of  the  Mary  to  Bantam  will  be  approved. 
By  her  was  forwarded  the  Company's  letter  addressed  to  that 
presidency.  Regret  that  the  excess  of  private  trade  to  the  south- 
wards has  led  the  Company  to  suspect  them  as  well ;  protest  that 
there  is  only  a  little  here  and  there,  and  that  it  is  of  no  great  preju- 
dice to  the  general  trade,  as  without  it  some  of  the  ships  would 
have  gone  empty.  They  are  doing  their  best  to  suppress  private 
trade,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  consultations ;  but  it  is  a  disease  that 
must  not  be  purged  by  violent  and  strong  medicines,  lest  the  whole 
body  be  endangered.  The  main  hindrance  thereunto  must  come 
from  the  Company  at  home  by  restraining  their  seamen,  without 
whom  the  factors  can  do  nothing.  The  latter  think  themselves  as 
much  entitled  as  the  former  to  make  use  of  their  opportunities, 
especially  as  most  of  them  are  obliged,  for  the  credit  of  their  nation, 
to  spend  in  apparel,  &c.,  more  than  their  pay,  and  if  they  cannot 
make  it  up  in  some  honest  manner  they  must  either  go  home  poorer 
than  they  came  or  else  wrong  the  Company  by  some  indirect  and 
dishonest  courses.  No  doubt  the  Company  has  heard  of  the 
removal  of  their  factors  from  Batavia  to  Bantam,  owing  to  the 
'  insolency  '  of  the  Dutch.     They  trust  that  His  Majesty  will  now  at 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  309 

last  provide  both  for  the  satisfaction  of  past  wrongs  and  the 
establishment  of  a  firm  and  peaceable  trade,  which  here  will  never 
be  performed  by  the  Dutch  unless  the  King  takes  the  Company 
under  his  protection.  '  Wee  in  theise  parts  live  uppon  faire  and 
freindly  termes  with  them ;  yet  doe  wee  not  lett  to  thinke  it  is  more 
for  want  of  power  to  doe  us  wronge  then  will  to  effect  itt ;  nor  (to 
say  the  truth)  hath  there  beene  want  of  will  or  power  in  us,  had 
wee  warrant  for  our  accion.'  Acknowledge  that  the  powder  bought 
in  Ahmadabad  was  poor,  but  the  want  thereof  for  the  ships  could 
not  be  neglected.  It  was  bought  by  Hopkinson,  who  will  doubtless 
satisfy  the  Company  that  he  did  his  best.  The  information  given 
by  William  Langford  '  is  only  a  seamans  advice,  who  will  persuade 
you  (as  wee  said  before)  to  beleive  anythinge,  though  never  so  fake  ; 
for  wee  are  assured  that  in  noe  part  of  India  is  made  so  good 
powder  as  is  made  in  England,  neither  by  the  Portugalls  themselves, 
much  lesse  by  the  heathens  and  Indians  in  theise  parts  '.^  Their 
wants  can  be  more  quickly  supplied  from  home  than  from  the 
Coromandel  Coast,  for,  first,  it  is  uncertain  whether  the  authorities 
there  will  permit  the  export  of  any  quantity,  and,  secondly,  the 
Masulipatam  factors  will  not  comply  with  requisitions  from  Surat 
without  instructions  from  Bantam,  whither  also  the  powder  must  be 
sent,  when  ready,  for  transport  to  this  place.  As  regards  'the 
private  trade  of  strangers  and  their  passage  uppon  our  shipps  ',  they 
have  forbidden  it  except  in  the  case  of  Persia.  [Four  pages  missing^ 
A  large  quantity  of  gum-lac  sent  home  ;  will  endeavour  to  procure 
some  of '  that  sort  in  shells '  taken  to  England  by  Robert  Young, 
which  is  only  to  be  had  in  Lahore  and  thereabouts.  No  more  aloes 
Socotrina  will  be  supplied  until  further  orders.  Send  twenty  quilts, 
which  had  been  put  in  hand  before  the  Company's  letter  arrived, 
but  will  abstain  from  further  purchases.  Note  the  orders  for  '  the 
discontinewance  of  your  Persian  trade ' ;  yet,  as  already  explained, 
they  have  thought  it  well  to  send  the  ships  thither  with  freight 
goods,  which  ought  to  yield  the  Company  at  least  io,oco/.  in  customs. 
Have  also  laden  some  tobacco  and  cotton  wool  on  a  junk  of  the 
King's,  besides  some  rice,  &c.,  in  the  English  ships.     These  goods 

^  Langford  had  told  the  Company  that  gunpowder  might  be  readily  procured  at 
Masulipatam  for  3|^.  per  lb,  and  that  it  was  unnecessary  therefore  to  send  out  such  large 
supplies  (^Minutes,  Feb.  15,  1628). 


3IO  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

are  under  the  charge  of  Richard  Predys.  and  are  not  intended  as 
a  supply  to  the  factors  in  Persia.  If  the  jewels  belonging  to 
Mr.  Bateman  and  Capt.  Styles  do  not  sell  in  Ahmadabad  (where 
they  now  are),  they  shall  be  returned  to  England.  Would  have 
forwarded  'Mr.  John  Milhoards  salt'^  to  the  same  city,  'but  that 
place  being  empty  of  the  nobilHty  that  usually  lay  there  and  are  now 
with  the  new  Kinge,'  they  thought  it  useless  to  do  so,  especially  as 
they  have  no  hope  of  selling  it  at  anything  like  its  invoice  price. 
The  Governor  of  Surat  did  not  value  it  at  above  500  rupees,  '  not 
esteeming  at  all  the  curiosities  therein,  which  as  they  doe  not 
understand  the  course  of  the  plannetts  and  use  of  the  dyall  etc.  so 
is  the  salt  itselfe  altogether  unusefuU  with  theise  people.'  They 
will  probably  be  obliged  to  return  it  on  the  Hart.  The  coral 
received  is  still  in  the  customhouse,  and  they  have  been  too  busy  to 
examine  it.  From  the  invoice  they  fear  that  it  is  of  the  same  sort 
as  that  brought  last  year  by  Captain  Hall,  which  lay  unsold  until 
this  month,  when  Virji  V5ra  bought  the  lot  at  '^6  per  cent,  under 
the  customs  valuation  (100  per  cent,  above  cost).  It  was  of  poor 
quality  compared  with  that  brought  by  the  Palsgrave  and  William. 
They  hope  to  get  rid  of  the  present  consignment  in  barter  for 
pepper  or  indigo.  The  quicksilver  arrived  in  good  condition. 
Half  has  been  sent  to  Ahmadabad  in  response  to  an  offer  of  Rs.  95 
per  maundy  though  when  it  got  thither  the  offer  was  reduced  to 
Rs.  90  ;  the  rest  has  been  sold  here  at  Rs.  95  per  maund,  with  four 
months'  credit.  The  goods  now  provided  were  purchased  in  Agra 
by  Gregory  Clement,  etc.  :  in  Ahmadabad  by  Nathaniel  Mountney; 
in  Broach  by  Richard  Barber ;  in  Baroda  by  Nathaniel  West  ;  and 
in  Surat  by  Henry  Glascock.  A  Clerk  of  the  Stores  having  been 
thought  necessary,  Thomas  Wilbraham  has  been  appointed  to  that 
post.  As  regards  the  factors  sent  out  in  the  last  fleet,  Richard 
Boothby  has  been  taken  into  Council,  and  now  follows  the  custom- 
house pending  a  better  employment ;  John  Willoughby  has  made 
two  journeys  to  Ahmadabad  to  convoy  gold  and  silver,  an  employ- 
ment fittest  for  his  humour ;  and  Peter  Mundy,  for  want  of  other 
work,  has  been  employed  in  the  ofiice.    Many  time-expired  servants 

*  An  elaborately  ornamented  salt-cellar  which  Capt.  John  Milward  (one  of  the 
Committees)  had  been  permitted  in  the  preceding  March  to  send  to  India  for  sale  on 
his  own  account. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  311 

are  returning, '  here  being  small  or  noe  imployment  for  them — those 
your  new  and  yet  in  breath  sitting  still  or  doeing  little.'  Joseph 
Hopkinson  goes  home  after  ten  years'  service  and  will,  they  hope, 
be  graciously  welcome.  They  have  paid  him  his  third  of  this  year's 
wages.  John  Bangham  is  sent  home  for  the  better  satisfaction  of 
Sir  Francis  Crane  ;  his  accounts  are  not  yet  cleared.  Robert 
CHtherow  returns,  being  desirous  to  see  his  country  and  friends 
and  there  being  little  or  nothing  for  him  to  do  ;  he  has  been  allowed 
700  mahmudls  '  to  cleare  the  country  '.  William  Fall  has,  since  his 
return  from  Mokha,  been  helping  Thomas  Joyce  at  the  Marine  ;  his 
abilities  deserve  better  entertainment,  and  they  have  given  him 
100  mahmudls  'towards  sea  provisions'.  William  Knightley  has 
been  employed  in  copying  letters.  His  sufferings  at  Mokha  deserve 
favour ;  they  have  given  him  100  mahmudls  to  prepare  for  the 
voyage  and  have  lent  him  a  similar  sum  on  account  of  wages. 
Jeremy  Shuker  and  Malachi  Martin  have  gone  to  Bantam  on  the 
Mary.  The  paper  and  quills  sent  this  year  are  exceedingly  bad. 
Request  paper  for  their  account  books  and  '  your  accustomary  favour 
in  the  provition  of  sack  for  the  factoryes ',  as  the  ships  will  not  spare 
them  any  except  with  '  grumbling  and  mutteringe  '.  Accounts  of 
Eustace  Man.  The  tapestry  last  sent  lies  unsold  at  Lahore. 
*  There  is  of  late  quantety  made  and  more  comodious  for  tents  then 
is  that  you  send  ' ;  so  no  more  should  be  furnished.  The  Governor 
of  Surat  sends  patterns  for  sword  blades  '  to  be  made  in  Germany ' ; 
if  these  can  be  supplied  by  the  next  ships  they  may  excuse  a  greater 
present  to  him.  Weight  of  pepper  on  the  Star  and  Exchange ;  any 
loss  must  be  due  to  theft  or  to  its  drying  on  the  way.  '  The 
Portugall  forces,  as  wee  said  before,  are  incerten,  neither  doe  wee 
knowe  where  they  lye ;  only  wee  are  advertized  that  the  Viceroy 
is  aryved  at  Goa  with  two  galloones,^  and  other  three  are  wantinge 
and  not  any  newes  of  them.  Other  live  galloones  weare  preparing 
in  Goa,  but  for  want  of  men  put  not  to  sea  untill  the  now  supply 
came  ;  and  all  now  are  fittinge  for  Muscatt  with  provisions  of 
victualls  and  powder  and  shott,  doubting  the  Persian  intends  to 

'  This  was  wrong.  No  Viceroy  arrived  during  1628.  The  Viceroy  Francisco  da 
Gama  returned  to  Lisbon  this  year  by  order  from  the  King,  leaving  the  government  in  the 
hands  of  the  Bishop  of  Cochin,  as  Francisco  Mascarenhas,  who  had  been  nominated  to 
succeed  to  the  post,  had  already  left  for  Europe. 


312  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

assault  itt  this  yere ;  but  wee  beleeve  they  have  other  ends,  well 
knowing  the  Shawe  Abausse  to  be  busied  in  his  owne  defence 
against  the  Turke.  If  therefore  your  forces  be  not  stronge  the  next 
yere,  your  fleet  will  run  great  hazard  uppon  theire  aryvall  on  this 
coast,  where  if  they  come  seperated  (as  often  they  doe)  the  danger 
wilbe  soe  much  the  more ;  for  wee  heare  of  great  boasts  this  Vice 
Kinge  giveth  of  our  and  the  Dutches  utter  ruine  in  theise  parts. 
But  wee  hope  it  wilbe  his  tourne  first ;  at  least  wee  will  indeavour 
it,  if  able  and  not  prevented  by  your  contradiction.'  Forward 
a  packet  from  the  factors  at  Armagon,  giving  intelligence  of  their 
removal  from  Masulipatam,  for  want  of  supply  for  its  continuance. 
Fear  they  will  not  find  it  easy  to  gain  re-admittance,  as  the  Dutch 
will  work  their  hindrance  either  by  force  or  bribes.  Think  they 
would  have  done  well  to  have  complained  to  the  King  before 
departing  and  to  have  asked  his  permission  to  quit  the  country ;  he 
could  not  well  have  refused  to  right  their  wrongs,  but  if  he  did  they 
would  have  had  a  better  excuse  for  withdrawing.  Their  project  of 
stopping  the  junks  would  then  have  been  more  defensible ;  in  any 
case  it  should  not  be  put  in  execution  unless  it  is  decided  to  abandon 
all  intention  of  resettling.     {The  rest  is  wanting.     \ipp.    Mutilated^ 

David  Davis's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Hart 
TO  Gombroon  and  back  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xliv.  p.  87). 

1628,  December  8.  The  Hart  was  appointed  to  go  to  Persia. 
December  9.  Put  ashore  some  of  the  lading  she  had  taken  in  for 
England.  December  11.  'The  Litlc  James  was  burnt  by  17  Portu- 
gall  frigotts,  with  the  losse  of  25  men  and  two  barges,  viz.  the 
Harts  barge  with  5  men  and  the  Stars  barge  with  5  men.' 
December  27.  The  fleet,  consisting  of  nine  English  ships,  six  Dutch, 
eleven  Gujarat!  junks  and  frigates,  sailed  from  Swally.  Decem- 
ber 30.  The  Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Star  departed  for  England. 
1629,  January  23.  Anchored  ofl"  Jask,  and  sent  ashore  for  news. 
Jannajy  27.  Reached  Gombroon,  and  the  agent,  Mr.  Burt,  came 
aboard.  February  15.  '  The  newes  came  that  the  King  of  Persia 
was  dead.'  ^  February  21.  The  English  fleet  sailed.  February  23. 
They  were  joined  by  the  Dutch  and  four  Surat  junks.     March  8. 

^  According  to  Beale,  Shah  Abbas  died  on  January  8,  1629. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  313 

Saw  the  coast  near  Diu.     March  12.  Went  into  Swally  Hole,  and 
the  President  came  on  board  the  Jonas.     (5  pp.) 

Another  Account,  by  Peter  Andrews  {Ibid.,  vol.  xlix. 
P-  45)- 

1628,  December  27.  The  fleet  sailed.  December  30.  The  home- 
ward-bound ships  parted  company.  1629,  January  15.  Saw  the 
Persian  coast.  January  23.  The  HopezvelV s  boat  brought  news 
from  Jask  that  fourteen  Portuguese  galleons  were  looking  for  them. 
January  27.  Reached  Gombroon.  Febmary  21.  Sailed  again,  but 
decided  to  wait  for  the  Dutch,  who  came  out  the  following  day. 
March  8,  Saw  land  near  Diu.  March  12.  Anchored  in  Swally 
Hole.     {6^  pp.) 

Another  Account,  by  Daniel  Hall  in  the  Expedition 
{Ibid.,  vol.  1.  p.  15). 

1628,  December  25.  The  Expedition  went  out  of  Swally  Hole. 
December  26.  The  Jonas  and  the  rest  of  the  ships  followed. 
December  27.  Sailed.  December  30.  The  Exchange^  Blessing, 
and  Star  left  for  England.  1629,  Jaimary  15.  Land  seen. 
January  23.  Anchored  off  Jask,  sailing  again  next  morning. 
January  27.  Anchored  in  Gombroon  road.  Febj^iary  9.  Went 
over  to  Ormus  for  ballast.  February  14.  Returned.  February  21. 
Sailed.  March  8.  Land  seen.  March  12.  Anchored  in  Swally 
Road.     (5/-^) 

Abraham  Sayers's  Account  of  his  Voyage  to  England 
IN  the  Star  {Marine  Records.,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  ^6). 

1628,  December  26.  Came  out  of  Swally  Hole.  December  27. 
The  fleet  sailed.  December  30.  The  Exchange,  Blessing,  and 
Star  left  the  Persia  fleet  about  20  leagues  off  Diu  Head.  1629, 
March  6:  Saw  the  Coast  near  Cape  Agulhas.  {Sketch^  March 
12.  Anchored  in  Table  Bay.  March  20.  Departed.  April  5. 
Reached  St.  Helena.  April  ^o,.  Sailed  again.  July  0,.  Off  the 
Isle  of  Wight  they  saw  eight  sail  coming  out  of  Portsmouth. 
July  4.  These  ships  proved  to  be  Dunkirkers.  Two  of  them 
came  up,  pretending  to  be  from  Leith,  but  they  made  no  attempt 


314  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  attack.  Jidy  5.  Anchored  in  the  Downs.  July  9.  Sailed  again. 
Jtdy  12.  Anchored  at  Erith.     (29^//.) 

Another  Account  by  John  Pashley  {Marine  Records,  vol. 
xlviii.  p.  84). 

1628,  December  27.  Sailed  from  Swally.  The  fleet  consisted  of 
six  English  ships  {Jonas,  Hart,  ChristopJier,  Eagle,  Hopeivell,  and 
Expedition)  bound  for  Persia,  and  three  {Star,  Exchange,  and 
Blessing)  for  England :  six  Dutch  ships  for  Persia :  and  some 
Surat  junks.  Decetnber  30.  Parted  with  the  Persian  fleet.  1629, 
Febrtiary  i.  It  was  decided  not  to  call  at  the  Comoro  Islands,  for 
fear  of  losing  the  monsoon.  March  6.  Saw  the  African  Coast. 
March  12.  Anchored  in  'the  bay  of  Salldayny'.  March  20. 
Sailed  again.  April  5.  Anchored  at  St.  Helena.  April  13. 
Departed.  June  S.  Mounted  their  guns  again.  July  \.  SawScilly. 
Jtdy  5.  Anchored  in  the  Downs.     (18//,) 

The  Names  and  Salaries  of  the  Factors  in  the  Indies 
{Public  Record  Office :  East  Indies,  vol.  iv.  no.  67).^ 

Surat :  '  Richard  Wilde,  President,  100/. ;  John  Skibbowe,  200/.  ; 
Richard  Boothbye,  ico/. ;  George  Page,  100/. ;  Arthur  Suffild, 
pursser,  50/. ;  John  Willoughbie,  50/. ;  Nicholas  Woolley,  pursers 
mate,  30/. ;  Henrie  Glascocke,  50/.  ;  Raph  Rande,  a  writer,  o^^l. ; 
John  Webb,  a  writer,  20/.  ;  Peeter  Mondaie,  a  writer,  30/. ;  Cutbert 
Charles,  a  writer  [  ]  ;   Crispen  Blagden,  a  writer,  40/. ;  Thomas 

Smith,  a  writer,  25/. ;  Clement  Dunscombe,  a  writer^  20/. ;  Thomas 
Joice,  33|/. ;  Robert  Davison,  steward,  20/.  ;  John  Calfe,  a  writer, 
20/.  ;  Thomas  Wilborne,^  Mr.  Wilds  man,  20/.  ;  George  Turner,  an 
unprofitable  chirurgion,  40/.;  John  Elewe,  cooke,  18/.;  William 
Wade,  a  boye  [         ]  ;  two  bakers,  ^^61! 

Agra:  'Gregory  Clement,  100/.;  Raph  Cartwrite,  40/. ;  William 
Fremling,  30/. ;  Thomas  Aldworth,  30/.' 

Ahmadabad :  '  Nathaniel  Mounteny,  40/.  ;  Nathaniel  Weych, 
66|/. ;  Henrie  Graves,  15/.' 

'  This  appears  to  be  the  list  presented  at  a  Court  meeting  held  on  February  13,  1629. 
The  factors  outside  India  are  here  omitted,  but  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Sainsbury's  Calendar 
(1625-9,  P-  625). 

*  Elsewhere  he  is  called  Wilbraham. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  315 

Broach  :  '  Henrie  Barbor,  ico/. ;  John  Xorris,  80/.' 
Baroda :  '  Nathaniel  West,  8c/.  ;  William  Price,  30/.'  .  .  . 
Armagon :    'George   Brewin,    150/.;    Thomas   Johnson,    100/.; 

Larance  Henly,  40/.;  Nicholas  Bixe,  8o/. ;  Edward  Chapman,  60/.; 

Arthur  Fowkes,  40/.;   Leonard  Couch,  12/.;   Egglesfild  [  ].' 

George  Brewen,  Thomas  Johnson,  and  Lawrence  Henley 
AT  Armagon  to  [the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam], 
January  22, 1629  (O.C.  1280). 

Received  theirs  of  October  14  on  the  ist  current,  and  according 
to  order  will  do  their  best  to  secure  the  speedy  return  of  the  ship. 
A  few  days  ago  they  sent  her  to  Pulicat  to  fetch  the  goods  formerly 
taken  there  in  a  Dutch  ship  [see  p.  280],  and  she  has  returned  to- 
day. It  is  now  their  intention  to  sail  to  Masulipatam,  for  the 
purpose  of  recovering  the  debts  there  owing  ;  then  they  will  return 
to  this  place  and  start  as  speedily  as  possible  for  Bantam.  The 
poor  cargo  brought  by  the  ship  has  been  landed  here  in  part  ;  but 
none  of  the  turtle  shells,  which  are  quite  unsaleable  at  /\rmagon. 
Part  of  the  sandal-wood  w-ill  be  taken  to  Masulipatam  for  sale. 
Beg  for  a  supply  of  gold  thread,  '  for  here  is  none  to  bee  procured.' 
The  great  chain  of  gold  is  much  overrated.  No  more  sandal- wood 
should  be  sent  for  the  present.  After  paying  what  they  owe,  they 
will  hardly  have  enough  '  for  bare  victuals  '  ;  so  they  beg  an  early 
supply  of  money,  as  otherwise  they  will  not  be  able  to  furnish  any 
goods  this  year.  Repeat  their  desire  for  a  small  vessel,  to  fetch 
provisions  from  '  Arracan  and  Gingelee  [see  p.  316],  and  those  partes 
ajoyning,  and  in  convenient  tyme  to  looke  oute  for  purchase  [prizes] 
uppon  the  cost  of  Sellonna  [Ceylon]  and  other  places  where  the 
Portugalls  doe  trade ;  by  these  courses  the  Dutch  doe  daylie  finde 
greate  benifitt  ;  wherefore  they  keepe  allways  some  5  or  6  sloopes 
and  junks  trading  continewally  from  porte  to  porte'.  Fear  they 
will  find  difficulty  in  recovering  their  debts  at  Masulipatam,  '  by 
reason  of  there  yll  dealing  with  Richard  Hudson  since  our 
departure  thence,'  and  a  resort  to  force  will  probably  be  necessary. 
Have  therefore  made  a  Masulipatam  boat  into  '  a  kinde  of  a  slope  ', 
to  send  with  the  ship  '  for  reprising  any  juncks  or  boates  as  occasions 
maye  present '.     P.S. — They  suppose  they  will  be  constrained  at 


3i6  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Masulipatam  to  pay  for  the  goods  of  certain  Moors  which  were 
sent  by  Mills  to  Batavia  for  sale  on  behalf  of  the  owners.     {Copy. 

The  Negotiations  between  the  Armagon  Factors  and 
THE  Governor  of  Masulipatam  {O.C.  1380). 

1629,  January  29.  Messrs.  Brewen,  Johnson,  and  Henley  left 
Armagon  in  the  ship  Swallozv  and  pinnace  Fortune  for  Masuli- 
patam 'to  demand  our  debts'.  February  i.  They  arrived  in  the 
road  and  sent  a  man  ashore  with  a  letter  to  the  Governor  \£iioted\^ 
stating  that  they  had  left  on  account  of  the  many  foul  wrongs  daily 
offered  by  him  and  that  they  had  now  come  to  demand  payment 
of  debts  due  to  them  and  delivery  of  all  their  goods  ashore  ;  '  other- 
wise wee  shall  be  forced  to  take  such  course  as  will  not  bee  to  your 
content,  nyther  is  itt  our  desire  except  by  you  forced.'  February  2. 
The  Governor  sent  a  letter  on  board  \_qiiotcd\  inviting  them  to  come 
ashore,  when  their  debts  should  be  paid  and  they  permitted  to  sell 
and  buy  freely.  To  this  they  made  reply  \£iioted\  that  they  would 
not  go  ashore,  though  they  would  be  glad  if  Richard  Hudson  were 
allowed  to  come  on  board  for  orders.  If  the  Governor  would  give 
his  '  coule '  {see  p.  8]  for  the  concessions  demanded  in  their  letter 
to  him  at  their  departure,  they  would  acquaint  their  President,  who 
would  no  doubt  agree  to  the  re-establishment  of  the  factory.  Feb- 
ruary '>^-^.  '  Arryved  seven  smale  juncks  from  Gingilie,  laden  with 
rice,  paddie,  gingelie  seedes  ^  and  som  butter  ;  which  wee  stayed.' 
February  5.  A  letter  \£iioted\  was  received  from  the  Governor,  ex- 
pressing regret  that  the  debts  had  not  been  paid  ;  if  they  would  come 
ashore,  they  should  receive  the  money  and  have  an  opportunity  of 
selling  the  goods  they  had  brought ;  '  I  will  bee  your  freind.'  To 
this  they  sent  an  answer  \(iuoted\  declining  to  trust  his  promises  or 
allow  any  one  to  land  without  a  hostage  ;  and  saying  that  they 
could  not  wait  fifteen  days  as  suggested,  and  that  they  intended  to 
keep  the  junks  until  he  gave  full  satisfaction.  Hitherto  Hudson  had 
not  been  allowed  to  come  or  send  anything  or  board,  '  onlie  refresh- 
ing not  deneyed.'     February  10.  A  letter  was  sent  to  the  Governor 

*  Sesamum  seeds,  whence  the  oil  was  expressed.  The  Gingeli  coast  extended  from  the 
Godavarl  Delta  to  Jagannath.  Note  also  the  distinction  between  rice  and  paddy,  the 
former  being  husked  and  the  latter  not. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  317 

[quo/ed],  reminding  him  that  they  came  not  thither  for  pleasure  but 
to  recover  what  was  due  to  them  ;  and  '  seeing  you  perseveare  in 
your  unjust  actions,  knowe  this:  ass  sone  as  wee  have  meanes  to 
right  ourselves,  wee  shall  shewe  you  an  accompt  of  upwards  of 
40,000  pag[odas]  ;  although  nowe  wee  rest  in  silence  with  a  fewe 
rotten  rice  juncks,  yett,  when  tyme  serveth,  be  assured  the  loss  .  .  . 
will  lye  heavie  uppon  you,  by  your  unjust  neclect  occasioned '. 
February  19.  'In  the  dead  of  the  night,  yet  armed,  the  Dutch  (being 
som  30  parsons  of  marchants,  soulders,  and  seamen)  made  there 
escape  abord,  leaving  there  howse  destitute  of  any  man.'  February 
21.  A  consultation  was  held,  at  which  it  was  decided  that,  as  they 
had  to  take  cloth  in  satisfaction  of  their  debts,  Arthur  Fowkes 
should  be  sent  ashore  to  see  to  this.  In  his  instructions  \(iiioted'\  he 
was  ordered  to  take  care  that  the  cloth  was  not  overrated :  to  see 
to  the  packing  up  of  the  porcelain  and  other  goods  ;  and  to  consult 
Hudson  on  all  these  points.  Febriiary  24.  A  further  letter  was 
dispatched  to  the  Governor  \_qiiotect\,  stating  that  having  lain  there 
twenty-four  days  and  finding  no  sign  of  his  fulfilling  his  promises, 
they  were  constrained  to  empty  the  cargoes  of  the  small  junks  into 
one  large  junk,  and  to  carry  the  latter  to  Armagon  as  soon  as  the  wind 
served.  March  20.  Fowkes  delivered  to  the  Governor  the  factors* 
demands  '  for  there  future  commerce  in  the  kingdom  of  Golconda ', 
viz.:  I.  Freedom  of  trade  at  Masulipatam  without  molestation  'or 
abridgment'.  2.  Liberty  to  carry  their  goods  into  other  parts  of 
the  kingdom,  'paying  the  ancient  custome  and  noe  more.'  3.  The 
duties  on  imports  and  exports  are  not  to  exceed  the  four  per  cent, 
formerly  agreed  upon  ;  and  no  goods  are  to  be  delayed  in  the  custom- 
house for  more  than  24  hours.  4.  No  official  is  to  stop  or  hinder  the 
supply  of  provisions  for  the  ships  or  wearing  apparel  for  the  merchants. 
5.  No  fresh  duty  is  to  be  levied  on  goods  re-exported.  5.  No 
tolls  are  to  be  levied  on  the  English  or  their  servants,  with  their 
personal  luggage,  for  passing  over  rivers  or  through  towns.  7.  They 
are  to  be  allowed  to  imprison  a  recalcitrant  debtor,  and  in  case  of 
necessity  '  to  seaze  uppon  his  goods  and  freinds  according  to  the 
custom  of  the  cuntry  wheresoever  we  can  finde  them '.  8.  In  case  of 
quarrel  or  difference  between  an  Englishman  and  a  native,  the 
former  is  to  be  punished  only  by  the  chief  of  the  factory.  9.  The 
servants  of  the  English  are  not  to  be  interfered  with,  and  are  to  be 


3i8  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

allowed  to  '  speake  what  w^ee  command  them  to  the  Govemour  or 
any  other  person '.  lo.  The  merchants  are  to  be  allowed  to  ship 
their  goods  in  their  own  boats  without  molestation,  ii.  The 
Governor  is  not  to  detain  any  of  their  goods  ;  '  but  if  hee  will  have 
any,  to  bargaine  in  our  howse  according  to  reason  and  custom  of 
marchants.'  12.  No  money  or  goods  shall  be  secretly  forced  from 
any  merchant  'that  doth  buy  or  sell  with  us'.  13.  None  of  the 
servants  of  the  English  dispatched  on  an  errand  '  att  any  tyme, 
eyther  night  or  daye',  shall  be  stopped  or  molested.  14.  His 
Majesty  shall  permit  the  English  to  wTite  to  him  on  any  occasion, 
and  any  servant  carrying  such  messages  shall  not  be  punished  or 
troubled.  The  '  antient  junckans  '  [see  p.  131]  were  as  follows: 
'  For  all  goods  by  waight  is  to  bee  paid  for  each  candie  [see  p.  245] 
owte  of  the  gates,  with  all  charges,  one  pagoda  ;  for  all  white  cloth, 
one  cash  per  patch  ^  ;  for  red  bittiles,  two  cash  per  peece  ;  for  ditto 
percallas,  two  cash  per  patch.'  May  2.  Protest  of  the  English 
against  the  Governor  of  Masulipatam  [quoted],  for  damages  caused 
by  him  and  his  predecessor  by  unjust  exactions  and  refusal  to  aid 
in  procuring  the  recovery  of  debts  due  to  the  Company.^  '  This 
foresaid  instrument,  being  translated  into  the  Persian  toung,  was  by 
Arthur  Fowkes  the  2th  of  Maye,  1629,  delivered  to  the  Govemour 
of  Mesulapatam  then  being,  and  in  punctuall  manner  read  uppon 
the  bancksale "  and  in  presents  of  the  cheefe  of  the  Moores  of 
Mesulapatam.'     {Copies.    ''i\pp.) 

^  This  seems  to  be  equivalent  to  '  piece ',  applied  to  certain  goods.  Wilson,  in  his 
Glossary,  gives  it  as  a  vulgar  abbreviation  of  the  Telugu  pacKchadamu,  a  particular  kind 
of  cotton  cloth.  A  letter  of  1680,  quoted  in  the  Madras  Xotes  and  Extracts  from 
Governt)ient  Records,  says  'dungarees  and  market  clouts,  every  16  patch  pay  i  fanam'. 

^  The  damages  are  reckoned  at  53,618  [pagodas],  made  up  as  follows:  30,000  for 
losses  caused  by  the  farming  of  the  trade  to  three  '  Gentewe  comittees';  10,000  'for 
your  imposing  of  newe  junckans' ;  618  for  bribes  given  to  'Mamatucke' ;  3,000  for  loss 
of  time  caused  by  a  prohibition  to  ship  goods  in  the  Morris  ;  4,000  for  interest  on  goods 
and  money  lately  received  'and  loss  of  marketts  therein  ' ;  1,000  for  being  forced  to  keep 
52  chests  of  saltpetre  over  a  year  because  they  would  not  give  a  bribe  ;  and  5,000  for  the 
cost  of  the  present  expedition. 

'  For  the  etymology  and  meaning  of  this  interesting  word  see  the  article  in  Hohson- 
Jobson,  s.  V.  '  bankshall '.  Here  it  is  apparently  meant  for  the  covered  platform  at  the 
customhouse  on  which  the  Governor  transacted  business.  A  letter  of  1614  speaks  of  the 
'  customhouse  or  banksall  at  Musulpatam '  {Letters  Received,  vol.  ii.  p.  62) ;  and  Fryer,  in 
his  glossary'  explains,  '  banksol '  by  '  Custom-house  key '. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  319 

William  Burt,  Robert  Wodder,  William  Gibson, 
Robert  Loftus,  and  John  Berriman  at  Gombroon  to  the 
President    and   Council    at  Surat,    February   30,   1629 

{o.a  1288). 

Now  reply  to  their  letter  of  December  26,  1628  \iiot  extant]. 
Send  last  year's  account,  prepared  by  Mr.  Wodder,  whose  suffi- 
ciency they  extol.  Conceive  that  Mr.  Martin  was  sent  to  Bantam, 
not  on  account  of  his  inability  of  body  but  because  he  was  of  too 
prying  a  nature  to  suit  their  proceedings  at  Surat.  Again  com- 
mend Mr.  Williamson's  deserts,  as  they  have  done  to  the  Company ; 
they  have  licensed  his  repair  to  Surat,  but  would  be  glad  of  his 
return  next  year,  if  the  trade  be  continued.  '  Mr.  Wylds  proceed 
since  hee  hath  been  chosen  President  hath  much  increased  our 
marvaile  by  the  little  care  that  hath  been  taken  for  the  preservacion 
[of]  our  masters  honours.'  Protest  that  the  bill  of  exchange  on 
Surat  was  justly  charged,  and  now  send  a  certificate  to  that  effect. 
'  Concerning  private  ends,  what  factor  in  India  hath  the  Company 
imployed  soe  simple  that  from  Mr.  Wilds  practises  might  have  not 
only  learned  but  been  imboldened  in  mannaging  affaires  in  that 
kind,  seing  both  mariners  and  pursers  are  by  his  imployment  of 
them  dayly  incouraged  to  such  proceedes,  unto  our  masters  ex- 
treame  dammage  ?  '  Request  that  their  letters  may  be  reperused, 
when  it  will  appear  whether  they  asked  that  the  proceeds  of  the 
bill  might  be  sent  in  their  names.  Since  Burt's  arrival  they  have 
advanced  the  Company's  customs,  though  they  have  not  been  able 
to  effect  all  they  wished.  Mr.  Wylde's  'further  taxe  '  therein  they 
^  returne  unto  the  wombe  that  produceth  such  abortive  birthes  '. 
Have  credited  Surat  with  446  rupees  paid  to  '  Domingo  Caradoe ' 
\see  p.  236].  Concerning  the  supply  of  their  necessities  by  ex- 
change upon  Surat  they  appeal  to  the  Company  for  a  decision. 
Their  masters'  orders  regarding  Ormus  shall  be  observed.  Approve 
the  re-imbaling  of  the  silk  at  Surat,  though  it  would  be  better  to 
supply  them  with  gunny  in  order  that  the  bales  may  be  properly 
packed  at  Ispahan.  Will  await  the  Company's  decision  as  to  their 
future  proceedings.  Mr.  Predys  will  no  doubt  provide  the  rose- 
water  and  pistachio  nuts  required.  The  reason  why  only  one  horse 
was  sent  on  the  Company's  account  was  that  '  the  most  part  of  the 


320  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

license  was  imployed  for  you,  Mr.  Wyld,  and  your  frinds '.  The 
horses  shipped  by  the  pursers  went  by  permission  of  the  com- 
manders and  -bribes  given  to  the  Sultan,  in  spite  of  Burt's  protests. 
This  year  they  send  three  horses  and  four  dogs.  They  offered  to 
transport  two  horses  for  Hari  Vaisya's  agent,  but  he  found  none  to 
his  mind.  Red  earth  has  been  shipped  in  the  Expedition.  Their 
limit  of  fifteen  days  for  the  stay  of  the  fleet  is  too  short,  for  often 
the  weather  prevents  them  from  landing  or  lading  goods  for  five  or 
six  days  together  ;  have  persuaded  the  commanders  that  what  was 
meant  was  fifteen  days  after  the  landing  of  the  first  goods.  The  post- 
script ordering  the  commanders,  to  keep  company  with  the  Dutch 
has  been  a  further  trouble;  Burt  has  advised  that  the  ships  should 
start  as  soon  as  they  are  ready,  without  waiting  for  the  Hollanders. 
The  '  nockoda  '  [iidkhudd,  master]  of  the  junk  complains  of  the 
non-fulfilment  of  the  promise  made  to  the  Governor  of  Surat  that 
the  fleet  should  keep  company  with  his  vessel.  The  Dutch  declare 
that  they  are  not  bound  by  the  arrangement ;  while  for  the  English 
to  have  kept  it  would  have  meant  a  loss  of  at  least  twenty  days  out 
and  back.  He  is  also  much  offended  because  the  factors  have  failed 
to  procure  him  freight.  '  The  author  of  your  Portugal  newes, 
De  Costo  [see  p.  254],  is  now  presente  with  us,  and  hath  brought 
his  8  galliouns  and  carrecks  to  3  shipps  that  are  expected  with  the 
Viceking  ;  the  latter,  that  they  have  shipps  lying  in  Goa  and  want 
men,  is  questionles  certaine.'  Trust  that  the  William  will  reach 
England  safely  with  '  that  most  worthy  gentleman',  Mr.  Kerridge. 
Captain  Brown  and  his  abettor  will  in  due  time  be  called  to  account 
\_see  p.  295].  Kerridge  had  already  advised  them  of  the  dispatch  of 
the  Palsgrave^  Dolphin,  and  Discovery.  Hope  that  the  goods  in 
the  Blessing,  &c.,  were  better  provided  than  those  sent  to  Mokha  in 
the  Exchange.  '  Unto  the  prizes  taken  God  add  more,  till  the 
account  of  those  insolent  debtors  bee  ballanced.'  Decided  by  con- 
sultation \sce  O.C.  1287]  to  take  charge  themselves  of  the  goods 
sent  to  be  sold  by  Mr.  Predys,  as  they  are  '  better  experienced  in 
theis  parts  '  than  he ;  but  they  have  provided  the  ships  with  every- 
thing needful.  Will,  as  desired,  advise  the  Company  of  the  cargoes 
provided  for  the  Exchange  and  Blessifig  ;  the  Star  seems  to  have 
been  laden  with  the  goods  brought  by  the  Eagle.  Of  course  the 
large  sums  available  at  Surat  enable  the  President  and  Council  to  do 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  321 

more  than  the  factors  in  Persia  can  perform  with  their  limited  capital. 
Perceive  that  the  Treasurer's  complaints  and  their  own  discontents 
find  small  relief  from  Surat  :  wish  it  were  otherwise,  but  the  matter 
has  been  left  by  the  Company  to  the  discretion  of  the  President 
and  Council.  Assure  them,  however,  that  '  when  annuall  supply  of 
shipping  shall  not  repaire  unto  this  port  wee  shall  not  only  bee 
totally  defeated  of  our  masters  due  of  customes  (which  now  lies 
gasping  for  breath)  but  alsoe  shalbee  restreyned  from  the  benefitt 
of  other  immunities  which  at  presente  wee  injoy'.  Note  'the 
favoures  donne  by  you  the  Prince  Charoome  ',  and  would  have 
been  glad  to  hear  of  some  effectual  immunity  obtained  from 
him  for  the  Company^s  benefit.  Any  project  for  assisting  the 
natives  against  the  Portuguese  should  be  viewed  with  circum- 
spection, '  their  ends  totally  tending  to  the  subjeccion  of  us  both.' 
Hope  that  '  the  particuler  favour  Mr.  Wyld  hath  in  this  monarch ' 
will  enable  him  to  achieve  some  great  matter  before  his  departure. 
The  charges  made  against  Burt  by  Martin  are  '  fruites  of  envy  ',  and 
the  former's  answer  has  •  dispeld  those  misty  vapours  '.  Doubt  not 
they  have  given  their  masters  satisfaction  herein.  The  proclama- 
tion and  the  Company's  orders  concerning  private  trade  have 
induced  many  to  desist,  but  care  must  still  be  taken  to  prevent  it  at 
Surat.  On  their  own  part  no  effort  shall  be  lacking.  The  Dutch 
have  been  frequently  warned  to  desist  from  'colouring'  the  goods  of 
Moors  and  Armenians,  but  small  effects  ensue.  This  year,  however, 
they  caught  them  passing  Frenchmen's  goods  and  insisted  on  satis- 
faction. Whether  the  factors  should  hold  friendship  with  the 
Armenians  is  a  matter  for  their  own  discretion  ;  will  '  hold  noe 
more  correspondency  then  needs  must '.  Khairat  Khan  and  the 
rest  of  the  King's  and  ambassador's  merchants  have  by  virtue  of 
the  King's  farmans  carried  away  customs-free  two-thirds  of  the 
goods  that  came  on  the  English  and  Dutch  fleets,  thereby  depriv- 
ing the  Khan  and  the  Company  of  their  dues ;  will  complain  of 
this  to  the  new  monarch.  While  here  Khairat  Khan  was  on 
excellent  terms  with  them.  Mr.  Wodder  has  rectified  the  abstract 
sent  of  last  year's  account.  Have  already  ended  all  business  regard- 
ing Naqd  AH  Beg.  No  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  Moors' 
accounts  of  the  factors'  proceedings  in  the  customhouses  ;  they  hear 
similar  tales  about  the  methods  of  the  Surat  factors — for  instance, 


FOSTER  III 


322  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORn^:S 

that  they  could  with  discretion  buy  their  goods  30  per  cent,  cheaper 
than  they  do — but  they  take  no  notice  of  such  reports.  Galls  come 
originally  from  a  place  beyond  Bagdad,  in  Turkish  territory^,  and 
may  be  procured  at  Aleppo  nearly  cent,  per  cent,  cheaper  than  they 
can  be  brought  to  Gombroon.  At  Ispahan  the  lowest  price  is  nine 
or  ten  larTs  per  maund,  and  what  with  loss  of  weight  and  transport 
charges  they  will  turn  to  small  account  if  laden  from  this  port. 
With  regard  to  the  forced  employment  of  the  Hart,  the  President 
and  Council  should  obtain  the  King's  farman  prohibiting  '  such  com- 
pulsive courses '.  Will  endeavour  to  send  next  year  the  four  horses 
wanted  for  'your  Indian  Emperour';  at  present  they  cannot  pro- 
cure any  suitable  ones.  Have  licensed  the  transport  of  a  horse  for 
Mirza  Mahmud's  use.  As  before,  they  gave  strict  commands  that 
no  goods  should  be  landed  at  night  and  that  all  boats  should  repair 
immediately  to  the  custom  house.  •  But  for  the  Dutch,  the  Persian 
referres  the  matter  unto  us.  telling  us  they  have  the  Kings  firmaen, 
which  frees  them  from  any  demand  they  can  make  them,  willing  us 
to  right  our  owne  wrongcs.  which  cannot  bee  don  unles  by  force ' ; 
have  advised  the  Company  of  these  insolent  proceedings.  The 
pepper  laden  on  the  Hart  will  not  sell  here,  the  price  being  very 
low.  Have  already  advised  concerning  the  customs,  and  their 
diligence  herein.  '  God  send  may  bee  brought  to  our  masters 
account  the  fourth  part  of  your  estimacion.'  As  their  endeavours 
have  not  given  satisfaction,  the  President  and  Council  would  do  well 
to  send  someone  who  will  please  them  better.  Signor  Orlando's 
goods  passed  customs-free.  Trouble  with  the  officials  over  the 
freight  of  goods.  Forward  transcript  of  their  consultation  \sce  O.C. 
1287],  to  which  they  called  not  Mr.  Predys  for  certain  reasons. 
This  will  show  the  straits  to  which  they  are  reduced,  their  means 
having  all  been  invested  in  silk,  and  their  share  of  the  customs 
being  withheld  until  they  obtain  the  new  King's  farman.  Have 
therefore  been  forced  to  truck  part  of  the  silk  in  exchange  for 
Indian  goods  ;  and,  in  so  doing  have  represented  the  silk  to  be 
their  private  property,  though  it  really  belongs  to  the  Company. 
Desire  the  President  to  call  a  consultation  '  for  the  moderacion  of 
the  excesse  rates  the  goods  are  delivered  at  unto  our  masters,  being 
35  per  cent,  and  upwards  profitt,  besides  charges  allowed  and  the 
'  The  best  galls  still  come  from  MqsuI,  which  is  probably  the  place  indicated. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  323 

overrates  of  their  invoyces '.  Excuse  their  not  writing  at  great 
length,  owing  to  the  many  demands  on  their  time  at  present.  Trust 
to  do  better  in  freights  than  last  year.  Forward  an  abstract  of  last 
year's  customs.  Mr.  Wodder  is  sorry  that  he  cannot  balance  his 
books  in  time  to  send  them  by  this  fleet.  Transmit  an  invoice  and 
bills  of  lading  for  the  goods  now  sent  ;  also  '  a  bill  of  Dr.  Gouges  ^, 
who  pretendeth  himselfe  executor  unto  the  Embassadour  deceased 
and  hath  promised  payment  therof  unto  you  at  Surratt '.  A  second 
horse  allowed  to  be  sent  by  Mirza  Mahmud.  '  Wee  admire  that 
Mr.  Wyld,  a  man  soe  eminent  in  place,  should  not  only  attempt  in 
his  owne  particuler  the  sending  such  large  cargazoones  as  hee  doth 
on  every  your  fleetes,  but  alsoe  that  hee  should  by  his  correspondency 
with  the  meanest  youngker  in  the  factory  (as  appeares  by  the 
inclosed  transcript  of  his  letter)  incourage  their  proceedes  in  the  like, 
having  alsoe  this  presente  yeare  supplyed  the  sayd  party,  John 
Antill,  with  quanteties  of  monies  (at  the  rate  of  20  per  cent,  proffitt) 
at  Surrat  to  bee  payd  here  in  bandar  [Pers.  bandar,  a  port,  &c.]  ; 
the  sayd  monies  being  imployed  in  severall  cumbustious  mer- 
chandize hither  imported,  which  wee  in  respect  of  his  greatnes  are 
forced  to  connive  at.'  Endeavoured  to  obtain  assistance  from  the 
fleet,  their  numbers  being  but  small,  but  no  one  was  willing  to 
remain.  Mr.  Wylde's  encouragement  of  inferiors  has  led  some  to 
be  insolent,  as  in  the  case  of  the  said  Antill.  Enclose  list  of  papers 
sent.  {Copy.  ()pp.  Endorsed  as  received  by  the  Expedition,  tJie 
original  having  been  sent  in  the  Jonas.) 

President    Wylde    and    Messrs.    Skibbow,    Page,   and 

BOOTHBY  TO  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  COUNCIL  AT  BaNTAM,  MARCH 
30,  1629  {Factory  Records^  Java,  vol.  iii.  part  ii.  p.  513). 

Wrote  last  by  the  Mary  and  John,  which  sailed  on  November 
12.  Send  now  but  a  brief  letter,  as  they  will  be  writing  again 
shortly  by  the  Jonah,  Christopher,  and  Eagle,  which  are  to  set 
out  within  fifteen  days.  The  pinnace  Coco-7mt,  or  Little  James, 
was  attacked  by  the  Portuguese  on  December  11,  and  was  blown 
up  with  powder  by  her  own  crew.  Thirty  men  lost  or  taken 
prisoners.     Request  that  any  Portuguese  captives  at  Bantam  may 

'  Henry  Goche,  D.  D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  chaplain  to  Sir 
Dodmore  Cotton. 

Y  2 


324 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


be  sent  to  Surat  to  be  exchanged  ;  those  dispatched  in  the  Szuallow 
to  Armagon  were  released  at  her  arrival  there  (November  29), 
before  the  Surat  letters  had  been  received.  Forward  transcripts 
of  letters  from  Armagon  (January  2)  and  Masulipatam  Road 
(February  23),  received  here  on  March  19.  Dispatch  to  England 
of  the  Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Star,  and  rumour  of  an  engagement 
between  them  and  a  Portuguese  squadron.  The  Hart,  Expedition, 
and  Hopewell  are  now  lading  for  home  and,  but  for  the  delay  in 
the  arrival  of  the  Agra  goods,  would  have  gone  to  sea  with  the 
present  fleet.     {Copy.     \\  pp.     Received  June '^) 

Ali,  Pasha  of  Basra,  to  the  English  and  Dutch  Chiefs 
AT  Surat  [about  March,  1629]  {O.C.  1290). 

Complains  of  infinite  wrongs  and  molestations  received  from 
them,  in  surprising  the  merchants  of  his  port  and  ruining  their 
trade.  Considers  it  very  strange  that,  in  spite  of  the  ancient  friend- 
ship that  has  subsisted  between  his  King  and  theirs,  as  shown 
by  the  residence  of  an  English  ambassador  ('a  man  of  great 
estimation ')  at  the  court  of  the  former,  they  should  confederate 
with  and  give  aid  to  the  enemies  of  Turkey.  They  have  taken 
Ormus  and  given  it  to  the  Persians,  and  in  consequence  'the 
trafificke  and  recourse  to  Ballserra,  Kutteefe,^  &c.,  hathe  been  quite 
disolved '.  Informed  his  master  of  the  injury  done  by  the  English 
and  Dutch  to  His  Majesty's  country  and  subjects,  whereupon  the 
King  summoned  the  English  ambassador  -  and  demanded  the 
reason.  The  ambassador  replied  that  he  was  ignorant  of  any  such 
passage  but  would  write  to  his  countrymen  and  '  forbid  them 
from  further  proceeding  to  Persia  and  to  remove  their  commerce 
thence  to  some  other  place  '.  Sends  letters  from  the  ambassador, 
and  requests  a  speedy  answer  thereto.  Formerly  dispatched  these 
letters  to  Gombroon  for  conveyance  to  them,  but  this  was  not 
accomplished,  and  so  he  has  now  sent  them  direct  by  a  trusty 
messenger,  who  will  carry   back   their   reply.      This  should   not 

1  Al-Katif,  on  the  Arabian  side  of  the  Gulf,  not  far  from  Bahrain.  The  citadel  is  said 
to  have  been  built  by  the  Portuguese. 

"^  Sir  Thomas  Roe,  who  wrote  in  Nov.,  1625,  that  the  Turks  were  beginning  to  quarrel 
with  him  for  the  aid  given  b}'  the  English  to  the  Persians  {Calendar  of  State  Papers,  East 
Indies,  1625-9,  P-  ii?'- 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  325 

be  delayed,  as  the  ambassador's  letters  came  hither  a  long  time 
ago.  {Translation,  i^  pp.  Endorsed  as  received  by  the  Hart. 
1629.) 

MiRZA  Mahmud,  a  Merchant  of  Surat,  to  the  Company, 
[?  April,  1629]  {Brit.  Mns.  Egerton  MS.  2086,  f.  no). 

Trusts  that  Mr.  Kerridge  has  reached  England  safely.  Praises 
his  'good  carriage  and  commendable  deameanor',  which  'hath 
deserved  theise  peoples  loves '.  Mr.  Wylde,  his  successor,  has  also 
behaved  well ;  but  Mr.  Burt,  the  Agent  in  Persia,  has  demeaned 
himself  badly,  '  spending  his  time  in  drinking  and  company  keepe- 
ing,  very  ill  beseeming  your  repute  and  creditt.'  Begs  that  Mr. 
Kerridge  may  be  re-appointed  President,  as  '  hee  is  very  well 
belovde  of  the  inhabitants  etc.,  whoe  are  highly  contented  with 
him  and  have  him  allwaies  in  remembrance '.  Will  ever  be  ready 
to  do  service  to  the  Company.  {Contemporary  translation.  |  p. 
Endorsed  as  received  by  the  Hart  in  1629.) 

President  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,  George  Page,  and 
Richard  Boothby  at  Surat  to  the  Company,  April  it  and 
13,  1629  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneons,  vol.  i.  p.  134)- 

Complaints  against  Jeronimo  de  Paiva  and  Thomas  Robinson. 
Eustace  Man  cleared  from  the  latter's  accusations.  Eight  thousand 
mahmudis  remitted  by  exchange  to  supply  the  wants  of  Armagon 
and  Masulipatam,  but  meanwhile  those  factories  had  received 
supplies  from  Bantam  by  the  Szuallow.  The  Portuguese  have  had 
no  reinforcements  this  year.  Of  three  ships  sent  from  Lisbon,  only 
the  smallest  has  reached  Cochin,  and  the  others  are  thought  to 
be  lost.  For  freight  to  Persia  from  Surat  the  sum  of  3^400/.  was 
received,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  customs  will  realize  as  much. 
The  natives  here  maintain  that  the  English  are  bound  to  carry 
them  and  their  goods  to  Persia.  A  man  needed  who  can  speak  and 
write  Dutch.  All  the  quicksilver  sold  at  Ahmadabad  for  js.  ^d. 
[per  lb.]  ;  20,000  lb.  will  sell  yearly,  but  not  more.  They  were 
forced  to  buy  two  stammel  cloths  of  the  Dutch.  Request  the 
annual  supply  of  100  broadcloths,  100  Devonshire  kerseys,  and  100 
perpetuanoes.  The  coral  brought  by  the  Mary  and  the  Jonah  has 
been  disposed  of ;  a  hundred  chests  may  be  sent  yearly.    Deficiency 


326  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

in  the  measure  of  the  tapestry,  which  still  lies  at  court  unsold.  It 
is  necessary  to  have  someone  to  reside  there.  'All  degrees  in 
India  do  give  us  good  respect.'  The  Agra  indigo  costs  the 
Company  three  times  as  much  as  the  Sarkhej.  Cinnamon  sent 
by  the  last  ships.  Captain  Morton  to  deliver  certain  pieces  of  plate 
to  the  Company.  Sale  of  Sir  John  Gore's  polished  coral.  Some 
guns  and  anchors  sold  to  the  Governor  of  Surat.  The  lead  was 
disposed  of  for  23/.  the  fodder  at  Surat,  and  31/.  at  Ahmadabad, 
though  the  Dutch  maliciously  undersold  them  ;  a  thousand  pigs 
per  annum  will  suffice.  Red  wood  and  betel  nuts  sold  in  Surat. 
Amber  beads  fetched  29^-.  the  lb.  at  Ahmadabad.  All  kinds  of 
gold  can  only  be  put  off  at  a  loss,  but  silver  will  yield  in  proportion 
to  the  rial  of  eight.  English  shillings  pass  for  a  mahmudi  and  one 
pice.  Everything  sold  except  some  remains  at  court.  Trust  that 
the  Joint  Stock  will  not  be  divided  up  till  their  debts  are  paid. 
The  Turks  have  protested  against  the  English  trade  with  Persia. 
Elephants'  teeth  now  worth  6j  rupees  [?  mahmudls]  the  maund  ;  they 
lose  greatly  in  weight.  Intend  to  start  a  fresh  investment  at 
Ahmadabad,  but  will  buy  no  indigo  till  instructions  come  from 
England  ;  the  Dutch  sent  no  flat  [Sarkhej]  indigo  last  year.  The 
factories  at  Broach  and  Baroda  will  be  kept  in  action.  The 
'  nicanees '  of  the  latter  place  are  the  cheaper  ;  they  mean  to  buy 
some,  and  also  more  blue  '  kestes '.  Fear  the  great  quantity  of 
cotton  yarn  sent  home  will  cloy  the  market ;  so  will  not  furnish 
much  more.  Propose  to  dispatch  the  Jonah  and  another  ship 
to  England  next  December.  Gumlac  '  in  lumpes  '  purchased.  Of 
saltpetre  they  have  ordered  a  large  quantity.  Mountney  praised ; 
his  wages  augmented  to  70/.,  '  and  10/.  rising.'  A  bale  of 'patollees' 
missing ;  Hopkinson  blamed.  William  Fall  owes  253^  mahmudls. 
A  weekly  allowance  of  2cj-.  made  to  the  sea  commanders  for 
extraordinary  expenses.  They  contemn  all  authority  ;  but  some 
orders  will  be  framed  to  restrain  them,  with  penalty  of  the  forfeiture 
of  their  wages.  '  They  presume  vearie  much  upon  your  comissions 
given  them  ;  they  spend  much  in  their  cabbins.'  Of  dry  ginger 
from  50  to  60  tons  can  be  supplied  yearly  at  26.?.  the  cwt.  '  Synda 
solliceteth  us  to  settle  a  factory  there  ;  which  we  meane  to  attempt, 
having  sent  thither  a  broker  to  bring  us  musters  of  all  comodityes 
there.'     '  The  King  intendeth  to  banish  all  Portugalls  out  of  his 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  327 

dominions,  if  with  the  help  of  your  forces  he  maie  prevaile  against 
Diu,  &c.,  which  he  purposeth  to  attempt'  Send  a  large  quantity 
of  '  shashes '  and  trust  they  will  give  content.  Have  bought  from 
Virji  Vora  30,000  maunds  of  pepper.  Expect  that  their  credits 
will  stand  good  for  other  employments  this  year.  Bantam  is  not 
so  free  that  quantities  of  cheap  pepper  may  be  counted  upon  from 
thence  ;  so  they  will  provide  that  commodity  until  it  is  counter- 
manded. An  allowance  of  20/.  a  year  towards  apparel  has  been 
given  to  William  Fremlen,  '  being  at  court.'  He  is  much  com- 
mended and  the  increase  of  his  salary  is  solicited.  The  pay  of  two 
bakers,  Thomas  Stubbs  and  John  Coulton,  has  been  raised  to  30j-. 
per  month.  Of  bloodstones  some  are  deep  and  some  pale.  Jewels 
returned  to  England.  A  bale  of  plush  has  also  been  sent  back, 
as  useless.  The  mercery  ware  is  mostly  lying  unsold  at  court. 
'  Peace  hoped  for  throughout  this  land.  Azuph  Caun  in  great 
esteeme  ;  is  our  freind  still.'  Indigo  and  saltpetre  bought  at  Ajmer. 
A  factor  has  been  sent  in  each  of  the  three  ships  to  Bantam.  The 
Jonah  is  to  spend  the  winter  there  and  then  return  ;  also  the 
Christopher,  if  she  can  be  trimmed.  Richard  Predys  is  to  return ; 
but  Ralph  Cartwright  will  remain  there,  while  John  Webb  may 
stay  or  come  back  as  is  thought  best.  Lading  will  be  provided 
for  the  Jonah,  though  the  factory  is  much  in  debt.  The  accounts 
for  Surat,  Ahmadabad;  and  Baroda  now  forwarded ;  those  for 
Broach  were  sent  previously,  and  those  for  Agra  have  not  yet 
arrived.  Nathaniel  West  commended.  Richard  Boothby  has 
been  ordered  to  Baroda.  '  William  Burt  againe  accused  of  manie 
crimes,  in  a  large  field  of  perticulers,  in  great  bitternes.'  Wylde's 
excuses  for  private  trade.  Comparison  between  his  services  and 
Burt's,  especially  in  his  obtaining  so  great  credit  at  Surat.  The 
Persia  accounts  kept  back,  as  they  have  not  yet  been  examined  ; 
their  submission  in  duplicate  will  be  ordered  for  the  future.  Debts 
of  Jeronimo  de  Paiva.  '  Free  lyberty  to  take  all  Portugall  goods 
in  all  portes.'  Mokha  taken  from  the  Turks  by  the  Arabs.  Letters 
sent  to  Aden  for  the  release  of  the  English  prisoners  there.  Doctor 
Goche's  bill  forwarded  ;  also  copies  of  letters  received  from  Masuli- 
patam.  Three  antelopes  shipped.  Mr.  Burt's  insolencies  will  grow 
incorrigible  if  he  be  not  checked  from  England.  Have  dispatched 
to  Bantam  a  horse  for  the  King,  with  four  greyhounds  for  the  King 


328  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

of  Macassar,  '  This  new  King  doth  rely  upon  our  aide  for  the 
assalting  of  Daman  and  Diue ;  if  we  have  not  forces  we  shalbe 
disgraced.'  Desire  presents  for  the  Governor  of  Surat,  such  as 
tapestry  and  scarlet  or  violet  cloth.  For  lack  of  wine  they  have 
been  forced  to  supply  the  ships  with  more  rack.  Cotton  yarn 
left  behind  by  the  ships.  Cotton  wool  sent  to  Bantam.  Boothby 
complains  of  his  removal  to  Baroda.     {Abstract  only.     i  pp.) 

President  Wylde  and  Messrs,  Skibbow,  Page,  and 
Boothby  to  the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam, 
April  13,  1629  [Factory  Records,  Java,  vol.  iii,  part  ii.  p,  515). 

Wrote  on  March  30  by  the  Dutch  fleet  under  Van  den  Broeck,^ 
which  after  all  did  not  sail  till  three  days  ago.  Had  previously 
written  by  a  Dutch  ship  on  November  17,  1628.  The  Coco-niit  or 
Little  James  was  attacked  on  December  11  in  Surat  river  by 
seventeen  Portuguese  frigates ;  and,  the  master  being  slain,  his 
mate  (Short)  set  fire  to  the  gunroom  and  blew  up  the  vessel,  with 
over  seventy  Portuguese,  The  English  lost  also  two  barges  and 
thirty  men,  about  half  of  whom  were  taken  prisoners.  Would  be 
glad  to  receive  any  Portuguese  captives  that  may  be  at  Bantam,  in 
order  that  an  exchange  may  be  effected.  Those  sent  in  the 
Swalloiv  were  released  before  intelligence  of  this  disaster  had  been 
received.  '  With  our  pinness  aforesaid  went  four  contry  boats 
laden  with  goods  for  Sually,  surprised  by  the  Portugall,  to  the 
valew  of  ma[hmudls]  150,000,  as  themselves  report.  These  they 
shamed  not  to  require  or  demand  of  us,^  though  we  knew  not  of 
their  going  nor  hadd  any  obligation  at  all  to  their  defence.  This 
caused  us  to  informe  the  King  of  the  wrong  donne  to  his  port,  and 
if  he  pleased  to  grant  us  lycence  we  would  indeavour  to  right  both 
him  and  ourselves  uppon  the  Portugalls ;  which  he  hath  since  con- 
firmed unto  us  in  verry  ample  manner  by  his  firmance,  receaved 
four  days  since ;  whereof  we  should  not  doubt  but  to  make  good 
use  within  few  moneths,  were  our  forces  such  as  heretofore  ;  but, 

^  Pieter  van  den  Broeck  had  handed  over  charge  at  Surat  to  Jan  van  Hasel  on 
November  22,  and  had  soon  after  proceeded  to  Persia  in  command  of  the  Dutch  fleet. 
After  his  return  to  Surat,  he  sailed  on  April  10,  1629,  for  Batavia,  where  he  arrived  in 
June,  leaving  again  for  Holland  six  months  later. 

'^  See  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i,  vol.  ix.  no.  298. 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  339 

haveing  the  Jonah  only  left  us  belonging  to  this  factory,  we  are  not 
like  to  performe  any  thing  this  yeare,  except  well  supplyed  from 
England,  as  we  hope  we  shall  be,  and  assisted  by  you.'^  Departure 
of  the  Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Star  for  home  on  December  27. 
Their  rumoured  encounter  with  four  Portuguese  galleons  is  a  report 
raised  by  the  Dutch,  of  which  no  confirmation  can  be  obtained. 
The  Persia  fleet  did  not  return  until  March  12.  This  caused  the 
detention  both  of  the  fleet  for  England  and  that  for  Bantam,  The 
Presidency  is  heavily  in  debt,  owing  to  the  expenditure  on  all  these 
ships,  together  with  the  remittance  of  upwards  of  6,000/.  to  Masuli- 
patam,  added  to  the  40,000/.  of  debts  at  Mr.  Kerridge's  departure, 
and  charges  since.  The  receipts  from  England  have  been  but 
6i,oco/.  in  goods  and  money.  The  former  have  been  sold,  except 
a  few  remains  at  court  of  small  value.  On  January  9  they  for- 
warded to  Armagon  a  bill  of  exchange  for  i.cco  pagodas,  for  which 
they  paid  8,coo  mahmudls  to  the  Dutch  chief  at  Surat,  Van  Hasel. 
Have  sent  by  these  ships  10,000  maunds  of  rice,  2,000  maunds  of 
wheat,  and  20  cwt.  of  biscuits.  The  Jonah  may  be  able  to  spare 
them  a  further  quantity  of  the  last.  Would  have  supplied  them 
with  butter,  oil,  and  '  gravances  '  [pease],  but  had  much  trouble  in 
getting  sufficient  for  the  homeward-bound  fleet.  '  The  want  ot 
rayne  the  last  yeare  hath  made  all  provitions  scarce  and  deare.' 
Have  forwarded  '  one  large  bay  horse,  with  four  Pertian  grey- 
hounds '.  No  saddle  was  asked  for,  and  it  is  understood  that  '  they 
are  not  usefull  in  those  parts  '.  '  Notwithstanding  all  our  indeavours 
and  perswasive  resons  unto  these  principalis,  wx  have  not  byn  able 
to  divert  them  from  the  sending  goods  uppon  our  shipps  untill 
absolute  denial!  became  our  best  safety ;  which  we  have  used  as 
well  to  the  chiefe  Moores  and  our  frends  as  to  the  Itallian  and 
French  Christians  and  Armenyans,  whoe  have  much  importund  us 
for  passadge  of  their  persons  and  goods  for  Bantam,  as  unwilling 
uppon  news  of  Battavias  troubles  to  goe  uppon  the  Duch,  on 
whome  they  have  ever  trusted  and  have  byn  privelledged  in  this 
kinde,  [and]  had  therefore  provided  large  cavidalls  for  those  parts. 

'  Among  the  Hague  Transcripts  series  i.  vol.  ix.  no.  296)  will  be  found  a  copy  of 
a  letter  from  Shah  Jahan  to  the  Viceroy  at  Goa,  complaining  of  the  conduct  of  the 
Portuguese  in  capturing  the  vessels  of  his  subjects,  and  threatening  that,  unless  restitution 
be  made,  he  would  take  Bassein  and  Daman  from  them. 


330  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Being  thus  ingaged,  and  finding  absolute  denyall  from  us,  [they] 
are  forced  to  runne  their  fortune  with  the  Duch  [and]  are  all  there- 
fore, as  well  Christian  strangers  as  Moores  and  goods,  gonn  uppon 
their  shipps,  the  goods  of  Hagee  Zahed  [Hajl  Zahid],  our  new 
Shaubander  and  especiall  frend,  excepted ;  to  whome,  besides  we 
are  indebted  upwards  of  6,ooc/.  sterling,  our  masters  affayres  and 
our  persons  owe  many  respects.'  Beg  that  his  five  bales  may  be 
sold  and  the  proceeds  sent  back  by  the  Jonah  ;  as  there  are  no 
goods  of  the  Company's  in  this  fleet  the  favour  will  not  injure 
them.  Have  also  permitted  Mirza  Mahmud, '  our  ancient  and  good 
frend,'  to  embark  a  small  quantity  of  rice  and  butter  as  provisions 
for  his  servants  at  Bantam,  who  are  to  return  in  the  Jonah. 
Further,  a  kinsman  of  their  landlord  has  been  granted  passage  to 
Bantam.  The  Christopher  and  Eagle  are  left  to  the  disposal  of  the 
Bantam  Council.  The  former  is  in  very  bad  condition,  or  they 
would  have  sent  her  to  England  instead  of  the  Hopewell.  It  is 
doubtful  whether  she  is  worth  repairing.  The  Jonah  is  to  return 
as  soon  as  possible,  as  they  intend  to  lade  her  for  England  '  at  the 
first  of  the  yeare  '.  She  should  bring  any  pepper  that  can  be 
spared,  and  also  some  cloves,  mace,  nutmegs,  turtle  shells,  and 
sandalwood,  all  of  which  will  sell  to  profit  here  ;  and  so  would  the 
china  ware  now  at  the  Coast,  '  if  it  be  good  and  large.'  As  their 
forces  next  year  '  are  like  to  be  but  small  and  weake  to  undertake 
the  enterprize  we  are  likely  to  have  in  hand  by  joyneing  with  this 
King  in  the  surprizeall  of  Demon  and  Diew,  townes  and  forts 
belonging  to  the  Portugalls  and  in  his  dominions ',  they  beg  that 
the  Christopher  may  also  be  sent  back  if  she  can  be  repaired  in 
time  ;  failing  her,  some  other  ship  or  ships  should  accompany  the 
Jonah,  for  they  firmly  intend  next  season  to  attack  one  or  both  of 
those  places.  Having  more  factors  than  means  to  give  them 
employment,  and  finding  it  necessary  to  send  a  merchant  on  each 
ship,  '  in  case  of  reprizalls  ...  to  keepe  account  and  registry  of  all 
their  actions,'  they  have  appointed  Richard  Predys  to  proceed  in 
the  Jonah  and  to  return  in  her.  Ralph  Cartwright  is  sent  as  a 
passenger  in  the  same  ship,  and  is  recommended  for  employment. 
John  Webb  takes  his  passage  in  the  Eagle;  he  may  be  kept  or 
returned,  as  may  be  thought  best.  Explanation  regarding  a  missing 
bale  of  '  pattolees '.     Would  be  glad  to  hear  what  the  Company  has 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  331 

decided  about  the  Bantam  trade,  and  what  hopes  they  have  of  the 
subscription  of  a  fresh  stock  at  home.  Their  inabihty  to  send 
a  cargo  of  goods  in  these  ships  was  due  to  their  large  returns  for 
England.  Trust  that  the  news  of  the  removal  from  Batavia  to 
Bantam,  '  with  the  large  incouragments  our  masters  have  received 
from  hence  these  last  two  years,  will  give  life  agayne  to  their 
declyneing  accion  and  move  a  new  subscription  to  a  third  stock ; 
which,  if  performed  butt  in  a  resonable  manner,  will  bring  them  in 
a  fayre  recompence,  for  it  is  only  want  of  stock  and  meanes  truly 
to  manage  their  trade  that  is  cause  of  the  small  bennefitt  and 
proffitt  it  hath  given  them  ;  for  had  they  a  stock  of  200,000/.  in 
each  place  it  would  draw  little  more  expence  thereon  then  now 
it  doth,  being  scarce  one  quarter  part  in  these  parts,  and  farre  less 
with  you.  Hereunto  they  have  given  us  fayre  hopes  by  their  last 
letters.'  They  trust  to  receive  a  larger  supply  than  usual  next 
season  ;  if  not,  '  we  are  like  to  loose  our  gayned  reputes  with  this 
King  and  our  creditts  with  his  subjects  and  people,  to  whome  we 
are  and  shall  be  indebted,  before  any  supply  cann  come  unto  us, 
little  less  then  100,000/.'  P.S.  {April  14)— At  the  earnest  request 
of  '  Cojah  Nazan '  [Khwaja  Nizam],  '  chief  merchant  and  our 
especiall  frend  in  Cambaiett'  [Cambay],  they  send  three  bales 
of  his  goods  in  the  Christopher ;  the  proceeds  should  be  returned 
in  the  Jonah.     Cotton  wool  also  forwarded.     {Copy.     A\pp) 

The  Homeward  Voyage  of  the  Hart,  by  Peter 
Andrews  {Marine  Records,  vol.  xlix.  p.  52).^ 

1629,  April  15.  The  fleet,  consisting  of  three  ships  {Jonas, 
Christopher,  and  Eagle)  for  Bantam,  and  three  {Hart,  Expedition, 
and  Hopeivell)  for  England,  set  sail  from  Swally.  April  24. 
Anchored  at  '  Mountdillee '.  April  25.  A  junk  arrived.  'They 
sayde  that  they  came  from  Suratt  and  had  a  passe  both  from  the 
Dutch  and  Englishe  ;  but  howsoever  they  made  prize  of  her.'^ 
May  I.  The  Bantam  ships  parted  company.  Jiuie  7.  Saw  Rodri- 
guez.     June  13.  Anchored  in  a  harbour  at  Mauritius.      Jidy  25. 

^  Compare  the  narrative  of  Thomas  Herbert,  who  was  a  passenger  in  this  ship. 

"  And  ill-treated  the  crew:  see  the  story  in  Herbert  (p.  298).  The  sequel,  showing 
how  the  President  and  Council  at  Surat  were  forced  to  make  restitution,  will  appear  in 
the  next  volume. 


33a  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Sailed.  Mauritius  is  an  '  iland  of  all  ilands,  as  I  maye  terme  it,  for 
the  abundant  plenty  and  goodnes '.  July  38.  Reached  an  island 
'  called  by  the  Dutch  the  Mascarenos,  and  by  judgement  it  should 
bee  the  iland  which  the  Pearle  mett  vvithall,  and  by  them  called 
Englands  Forrest '  \see  p.  263].  '  Wee  hoysed  out  our  skiff  and 
sent  hir  ashoare  with  4  shee  goats  and  one  ram  goat  and  two  sowes 
and  a  boare.  .  . .  Our  people  had  noe  time  to  staye  ashore,  but 
having  landed  theire  cattle,  which  was  put  ashoare  for  increase, 
they  came  awaye.  They  saw  nothing  there  but  an  infinite  multi- 
tude of  land  turtles.  There  went  one  of  our  men  ashoare  in  the 
skiff  that  was  in  the  Pearle,  and  hee  maintaynes  it  to  bee  the  same 
iland  that  they  mett  with  in  hir.'  August  27.  Lost  the  Expedition 
in  the  night.  August '^o.  Saw  land.  Attgust  ^i.  'Lost  the  Hopewell 
this  night  in  a  storm,  but  she  rejoined  next  day.  September  3. 
Saw  Cape  Agulhas.  September  7.  Got  into  Table  Bay.  Sep- 
tember 14.  The  Expedition  came  in.  September  21.  The  fleet 
sailed.  October  8.  Anchored  off  Lemon  Valley,  in  St.  Helena. 
'  The  same  daye  Captaine  Evans  would  needs  goe  ashoare ;  there 
was  no  hindring  of  him.'  October  9.  '  This  daye  hee  dyed  in  the 
afternoone.'^  October  10.  'Wee  buyred  him  in  the  chappell.' 
Andrews  was  transferred  to  the  Hopewell  as  master.  October  14. 
Sailed.  November  24.  Spoke  the  Tiger,  commanded  by  Mr.  Ellis. 
December  13.  Saw  the  Lizard.  December  18.  Anchored  at 
Plymouth.  1630,  January  7.  Sailed,  having  been  detained 
hitherto  by  bad  weather.  January  to.  Reached  the  Downs. 
January  12.  Anchored  at  Gravesend.     i'^'^pp-) 

Another  Account,  by  David  Davis  {Marine  Records, 
vol.  xliv-.  p.  91). 

1629,  JSIarcJi  26.  Began  to  lade  for  England.  April  15.  The 
fleet  sailed,  April  24.  Anchored  at  '  Mount  Ely '.  April  25. 
Sailed  again.  May  i.  Quitted  the  Jonas  and  her  fleet.  June  6. 
Saw  Rodriguez.  June  12.  Anchored  at  Mauritius.  June  13. 
Found  letters  from  Captain  Hall,  with  news  that  six  Dutch  ships 
had  been  there  '  at  Christmas  before  his  comming  thither '. 
July  23.  The  Hart  and  the  Expedition  went  out  into  the  road. 
July  1A,.  Davis  carried  on  board  some  salt  he  had  manufactured. 

^  He  had  been  injured  by  a  manatee  ^t  Mauritius  (see  Herbert,  pp.  348,  355). 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  333 

July  25.  They  departed.  July  27.  Saw  'the  English  Forrest'. 
September  i.  Lost  company  with  the  Hopeiuell,  but  rejoined  next 
day.  September  3.  Saw  the  African  coast.  September  7.  Got  into 
Table  Bay  and  found  the  Hopewell  there.  Minors  brought  on 
board  some  letters  left  by  former  ships.  September  i^.  Th^  Expedi- 
//^;z  arrived.  September  21.  Sailed.  October^.  Reached  St.  Helena. 
October  14.  Departed.  November  24.  Spoke  the  Tiger  of  London, 
bound  for  Bermuda.  December  1^.  Saw  the  Cornish  coast.  Decem- 
ber 18.  Anchored  in  Plymouth  Sound,     {t-9  pp') 

Another  Account,  by  Daniel  Hall  in  the  Expedition 
{Ibid.,  vol.  1.  p.  20). 

1629,  April  13.  Left  Swally  Hole.  April  15.  Set  sail.  April  20. 
Saw  Goa.  April  24.  Anchored  in  'Mount  Deloy  Bay',  sailing 
next  day.  May  i.  The  Jonas  and  her  consorts  departed.  May  13. 
Crossed  the  Line.  June  7.  Saw  the  island  of  '  Degroroys'  [Rodri- 
guez]. June  13.  Anchored  at  Mauritius,  and  found  hanging  on 
a  tree  a  stone  bottle  containing  letters  left  by  the  Mary  and 
Speedwell.  Jnly  25.  Departed.  July  28.  Saw  '  the  Mascrenes  ' 
[Reunion].  August  27.  Lost  company  of  the  Hart  and  Hopewell. 
September  14.  Rejoined  them  in  Table  Bay.  September  ii.  Sailed 
again.  October  8.  Anchored  at  St.  Helena,  and  found  a  letter  left 
by  Richard  Allnutt,  master  of  the  Speedwell,  which  had  been  there 
from  July  25  to  August  3.  October  9.  Captain  Evans,  commander 
of  the  fleet,  died.  October  14.  Sailed.  Hall  was  now  in  the  Hope- 
well. October  20.  Saw  Ascension.  November  24.  Spoke  the  Tiger., 
commanded  by  Captain  Ellis,  with  John  Rose  as  master.  Novem- 
ber 30.  Saw  Pico  [Azores].  December  13.  The  Lizard  sighted. 
December  18.  x\nchored  at  Plymouth.     (18//.) 

President  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,  and  George  Page  at 
SuRAT  to  the  Company,  April  27, 1629  (O.C.  1292). 

Having  an  opportunity  of  sending  letters  to  Ispahan,  they  give  a 
brief  relation  of  their  affairs,  though  they  wrote  fully  on  December  21 
(with  postscript  of  the  26th)  and  also  by  the  Hart,  Expeditio7i,  and 
Hopezi'ell  on  the  nth  current  (with  postscript  of  the  14th).  The 
Exchange,  Blessing,  and  Star,  with  cargoes  amounting  to  o^ASI^- 
2s.  jd.,  sailed  on  December  27,  and  three  days  later  parted  company 


334  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

with  the  Persia  fleet.  The  report  of  their  encounter  with  four 
Portuguese  galleons  two  days  after  their  separation  was  only 
a  rumour  raised  by  the  Dutch  ;  '  from  others  wee  have  not  under- 
stood that  the  enemy  hath  this  season  been  abroad,  or  is  able 
to  sett  his  shipps  to  sea  for  want  of  mariners  and  seamen  to  sayle 
them.'  The  Hart,  Expedition,  and  Hopewell  sailed  for  England  on 
the  Tjth  current,  with  ladings  amounting  to  51,154/.  ds.  With 
them  departed  the  Jonah,  Christopher,  and  Eagle  for  Bantam, 
leaving  behind  over  400  bales  of  goods,  which  the  Christopher  was 
too  weak  to  carry.  By  these  ships  were  sent  the  Surat  accounts, 
balanced  to  February  20,  whereby  it  will  be  seen  that  the  factory  is 
indebted  70,000/.  at  interest.  By  the  time  the  next  fleet  arrives,  the 
amount  will  probably  be  ioo,oco/.  ;  but,  as  their  credit  remains 
good,  they  doubt  not  to  keep  the  factories  in  action  and  provide 
lading  for  the  Jonah  and  another  ship  about  the  end  of  the  year. 
Have  formerly  advised  the  trouble  they  have  had  to  put  off  the  gold 
received  in  the  Jonah,  owing  to  its  great  fall  in  price.  No  more 
should  be  sent,  or  at  least  not  above  one  part  to  three  of  silver, 
until  they  encourage  the  Company  thereunto.  '  Silver  will  beare 
his  value  according  to  proporcion  with  the  riall  of  eight  in  any  part 
of  Europe,  and  our  English  (as  formerly  advised)  will  yeild  5  per 
cent,  proffitt.  if  the  mamudie  fall  not  under  20  pice,  as  it  is  not 
likely.'  The  quicksilver  arrived  in  good  condition,  and  was  sold 
here  and  at  Ahmadabad  for  Rs.  95  per  maund.  They  can  sell  at 
about  that  price  up  to  600  maunds  per  annum,  but  more  will  cloy 
the  market.  The  coral  was  all  disposed  of  to  'our  accustomed 
merchant,  Virgee  Vora  ',  part  at  '^6  and  the  rest  at  36  per  cent, 
below  the  value  fixed  in  the  customhouse,  which  was  double  the  in- 
voice price.  The  amber  beads  were  sold  in  Ahmadabad  for  Rs.  9^^ 
per  seer.  A  similar  quantity  will  sell  yearly  ;  but  the  people  here 
seem  to  prefer  the  amber  'rough  and  unwrought'.  Of  the  lead, 
part  was  trucked  at  Ahmadabad  for  Sarkhej  indigo,  the  lead  being 
rated  at  Rs.  3I  per  maund  and  the  indigo  at  Rs.  54  and  ^S  P^r 
fardle  of  four  maunds  seven  seers  ;  the  rest  was  taken  here  by  Virjl 
Vora  at  7  mahmudls  per  maund  in  exchange  for  pepper  at  16 
mahmudls  per  maund.  '  Herof  1,000  sowes,  or  maunds  i2,coo,  will 
suffice  this  place  yearly.'  The  stammell  cloth  sent  in  the  Mary, 
with  the  remains  of  Venice  reds  and  greens,  have  been  sold  at  court 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  ^35 

for  Rs.  12  and  Rs.  7  per  'coved'  [see  p.  87]  respectively — 'prices 
not  knowne  in  theis  parts  theis  many  yeares.'  A  hundred  cloths 
yearly  will  away  at  good  rates,  if  the  seamen  can  be  prevented  from 
bringing  any;  and  of  these  sixty  should  be  stammells  (of  18/. 
or  20/,),  twenty  reds,  and  twenty  greens  (of  ill.  or  12/.  per  cloth). 
A  similar  number  of  Devonshire  kerseys  and  as  many '  perpetuanaes ' 
will  sell  *  in  the  contorne  of  a  yeare '.  The  only  goods  left  are  some 
old  remains  at  court,  and  these  have  probably  been  sold  at  the  last 
'  Norooz  '  [see  p.  127].  Of  Biana  indigo  they  have  this  year  shipped 
1,200  fardles,  which  is  a  larger  proportion  than  ever  was  sent  before. 
Its  high  price  (Rs.  36  and  37  per  maund)  and  the  cost  of  transport 
make  it  very  dear,  quite  treble  the  cost  of  Sarkhej  indigo,  which  is 
now  much  better  manufactured  than  formerly,  and  costs  only  Rs.  12 
to  16  per  maund.  Unless  the  yield  in  England  is  proportionate, 
they  think  it  would  be  well  to  confine  themselves  to  the  Sarkhej 
variety,  which  can  be  more  easily  brought  down  to  the  ships. 
Cotton  goods  are  cheap  in  Ahmadabad,  Broach,  Baroda,  and  Surat. 
Shall  not  do  much  at  the  first  place  this  year.  Messrs.  Barber  and 
Boothby  are  to  proceed  shortly  to  Broach  and  Baroda  with  30,000 
mahmudls  apiece,  to  set  on  foot  the  investments  ordered.  At  Surat 
they  are  buying  but  sparingly,  as  prices  will  be  lower  in  the  rains. 
Of  saltpetre  they  have  sent  more  this  year  than  ever  before ;  and 
have  given  orders  to  purchase  this  year  all  procurable,  both  in  Agra 
and  Ahmadabad.  '  The  King  hath  forbidden  its  buying  in  Agra 
till  hee  bee  supplyed  with  10,000  maunds  powder  hee  hath  com- 
manded to  bee  made  in  that  place.'  As  for  sugar,  the  last  fleet 
carried  364  fardles,  bought  in  Agra  ;  but  it  is  grown  so  scarce  and 
dear  that  they  are  not  likely  to  be  able  to  get  any  this  year  except 
at  very  high  prices.  The  ships  arrived  from  Persia  on  March  12, 
bringing  93  bales  of  silk  and  three  horses.  In  the  invoice  sent  to 
them  was  added  a  fourth  horse,  belonging  to  Richard  Predys.  The 
deficiency  found  in  the  weight  of  the  silk  has  been  notified  to  the 
Agent,  whose  false  and  unjust  imputations  on  the  President  have 
been  separately  answered  by  the  latter.  '  The  5th  current  wee 
received  a  firmaen  from  this  King,  warranting  our  proceeds  in 
all  manner  of  surprizalls  of  Portugalls  vessells  or  others  under  their 
jurisdiccion,  whether  at  sea  or  in  port;  and  the  day  following  I  had 
conference  with  Meirmoza,  our  new   Governor,  about   our  former 


336  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

projects  against  the  Portugall,  which  hee  assured  mee  the  King 
intended  to  put  in  execucion  the  next  season  after  the  raines,  and  did 
expect  our  assist  by  sea,  according  to  our  proffers  made  him  the 
last  yeare  ;  which  to  performe  wee  see  as  yet  Httle  hopes  of  possi- 
billity,  through  the  want  of  sea  forces,  except  Your  Worships  doe 
supply  us  this  yeare  with  a  more  then  ordinary  strength ;  for  wee 
have  now  left  us,  belonging  to  this  factory,  but  the  Jo7iah  only.  .  .  . 
All  the  discontented  rajaes  and  nobles  of  this  kingdome  are  come 
and  have  submitted  their  obedience  to  the  King,  whose  favour  alsoe 
is  in  a  more  larger  manner  extended  towards  them  then  hertofore  ; 
soe  as  there  is  noe  likelyhood  but  of  a  longe  continued  peace. 
Amongst  the  rest  your  accion  and  servants  have  participated  of 
none  of  the  least  of  his  honours  ;  and  both  sitt  at  this  time  in  India 
with  more  respects  and  esteeme  then  ever.'     {Copy.     '^\ pp-) 

President  Wylde,  John  Skibbow,  and  George  Page  at 

SURAT  TO  THE  AGENT  AND   FACTORS  IN  PERSIA,  APRIL  3 7,  1 629 

{O.C.  1293). 

Received  on  March  12  their  letter  of  February  20,  which  is 
'  fuller  of  false  and  base  calumniacions  flung  uppon  this  Councell, 
especially  on  the  President,  then  of  needfuU  advises  concerning  our 
masters  affaires '.  Have  sent  home  transcripts  of  that  and  of  the 
President's  letter  to  John  Antill,  whose  slavish  usage  by  Mr.  Burt 
will  no  doubt  be  seriously  taken  into  consideration.  At  the  proper 
time  they  will  prove  Burt's  accusations  to  be  as  false  as  he  himself 
is  dishonest.  Meanwhile,  as  the  messenger  is  waiting,  they  have 
only  leisure  to  send  these  few  lines  to  direct  them,  on  penalty  of 
forfeiture  of  a  year's  wages,  to  forward  immediately  overland  the 
enclosed  letters  to  the  Company.  In  obedience  to  the  standing 
orders  of  the  latter,  these  are  sent  open  for  perusal  by  the  Persia 
factory ;  and  this  rule  ought  always  to  be  observed,  notwithstanding 
private  contempt  and  differences.  Mr.  Burt,  however,  would  have 
covered  his  last  to  the  Company,  either  out  of  disrespect  to  this 
Presidency  or  because  he  was  ashamed  that  they  should  see  '  his 
vile,  infamous,  and  false  aspercions '.  Have  not  failed  to  give 
sufficient  satisfaction  to  their  masters,  who  will  easily  discern  the 
source  of  '  this  envie,  spleene,  and  mallice  '.  In  due  time  will  '  lett 
your  pride  and  presumption  know  your  duty  and  respects  to  us  and 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  337 

our  authority  conferred  on  us  by  His  Majestic  our  soveraign  and 
the  Honourable  Company  our  masters  over  all  their  subjects 
and  servants  in  India,  Persia,  and  Arabia '.  Received  by  the  fleet 
93  bales  of  silk  and  three  horses.  Deficiency  of  weight  in  the 
former,  which  argues  either  carelessness  or  dishonesty.  The  horse 
which  Burt  added  to  the  invoice  for  Surat  (but  not  to  that  sent  to 
the  Company)  manifests  his  base  proceedings  with  Predys,  to  whom 
he  delivered  it  fourteen  days  before  in  exchange  for  goods  ;  of  this 
they  have  duly  informed  their  masters.  Wylde  repudiates  the 
charges  regarding  his  private  trade  ;  all  that  he  sent  was  one  bale 
of  '  alejaie '  ^  and  som.e  steel,  and  '  he  that  shall  say  I  had  other 
goods  is  a  villaine  and  infamous  rascall'.  He  denies  also  that  he 
lent  money  to  Antill  or  received  goods  from  him.  It  is  true  that 
he  advanced  60/.  to  Williamson,  to  be  repaid,  with  20  per  cent, 
added,  on  his  return;  but  this  debt  has  been  discharged  in  cash, 
and  he  only  lent  the  money  out  of  consideration  for  Williamson's 
needs.  The  horses  given  to  Dr.  Goche,  Captain  Swanley,  and 
Captain  Evans,  and  the  one  sent  to  Mr.  Skibbowe  might  as  well 
have  come  on  the  Company's  account.  The  refusal  to  ship  those 
for  Mirza  Mahmud  and  other  friends  will  be  considered  hereafter. 
With  regard  to  the  suggestion  that  satisfaction  should  be  required 
from  the  private  traders  for  overcharges  in  the  goods  exchanged 
for  silk,  and  that  the  silk  should  be  taken  back  for  the  Company's 
use,  they  answer  that  they  can  do  nothing  in  the  matter,  because 
Burt  has  failed  to  send  both  the  names  of  the  parties  and  particulars 
of  the  goods.  They  have  employed  their  means  to  greater  advan- 
tage than  in  buying  silk.  Inquire  why  the  quantities  of  cloth, 
indigo,  &c.,  received  by  Messrs.  Burt,  Wodder,  and  Loftus  have 
not  been  brought  to  the  Company's  account,  but  have  been  passed 
over  in  silence  while  so  much  has  been  said  about  the  private  trade 
of  others.  Since  Burt  thinks  it  meritorious  to  be  an  informer  in 
the  matter  of  private  trade,  Wylde  thinks  he  may  claim  credit  for 
having  begun  to  be  a  reformer  thereof,  first  in  himself  and  those 
about  him  and  next  in  Burt  and  his  associates.  They  at  Surat  do  not 
send  the  Company  the  King's  and  favourite's  farmans,  fuller  of  vain 
titles  (suiting  the  ambitious  dispositions  of  vainglorious  fools)  than 

'■  A  striped  cloth  (often  partly  of  silk)  manufactured  in  the  north  of  India :  see  Hobson- 
Jobson,  s.  V.  '  AUeja  '. 

FOSTEE  III  Z 


338  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

really  importing  their  benefit  and  increase  of  trade,  but  they  dis- 
patch instead  ships  fully  laden  with  commodities.  Nor  do  they 
write  home  that  if  assured  of  supplies  they  can  have  credit  to  the 
port  for  a  hundred  bales  of  silk  ;  they  themselves  have  credit  for 
ten  times  as  much  and  more,  '  even  to  our  owne  country.'  They 
have  not,  out  of  distrust  of  the  Company's  performance,  kept  back 
7,000/.  or  8,000/.  for  their  own  maintenance,  but  have  on  the  con- 
trary pledged  their  credits  for  70,000/.  or  80,000/.  borrowed  at 
interest.  These  are  real  services  and  will  be  duly  appreciated  by 
their  masters.  Require  the  sudden  dispeed  of  the  enclosed  letters 
by  way  of  Aleppo  or  Constantinople,  and  of  transcripts  by  other 
conveyances.  Also  enjoin  them  not  to  let  their  contempt  of 
authority  pass  the  limits  of  modesty,  as  it  has  done,  alike  to  Moors, 
Dutch,  and  English.  These  private  differences  must  not  be  allowed 
to  distract  the  Company's  business.  *If  your  grudge  be  to  the 
person  of  the  President,  lett  itt  rest  untill  you  and  he  meete  ;  butt 
lett  not  the  authority  of  his  place  be  injured  by  your  vile  detracting 
languages.'  (2I  //.  Endorsed  as  received  in  Ispahan  Novem- 
ber 10,  1629,  and  in  London  September  6,  1630.  ^A  vearie  tart  or 
harsh  letter'.) 

Thomas  Johnson  and  Nicholas  Bix  at  Armagon  to 
[the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam],  June  4,  1639 
\o.C.  1280). 

Wrote  last  on  May  i  by  the  Jager.  Since  then  they  have 
received  a  letter  from  Masulipatam,  dated  May  21,  from  which 
they  learnt  that  their  ship  had  attempted  to  come  to  Armagon  but 
had  been  foiled  by  the  wind  and  current  and  forced  to  return. 
Another  attempt  is  intended,  and  it  is  hoped  to  '  beate  itt  upp ' 
either  to  '  Penna'  or  to  '  Calletory ',^  the  former  being  40,  and  the 
latter  1 2  miles  from  Armagon.  If  she  could  reach  the  second  of 
these,  it  is  proposed  to  take  her  into  the  river  to  be  trimmed,  as  she 
is  so  rotten  and  leaky  that  her  crew  dare  not  return  until  she  has 
been  careened.  Have,  however,  advised  that  she  should  be  taken 
instead  to  an  island  near  '  Narsapore '  \see  p.  17],  where  the  Dutch 

^  The  first  of  these  seems  to  be  meant  for  the  mouth  of  the  Penner  River  ;  the  second 
for  Kistnapatam,  which  is  also  called  Calitore.  It  has  a  fine  backwater,  in  which  small 
ships  take  shelter  or  go  into  dock  for  repair. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  339 

recently  careened  two  ships,  and  where  it  is  ahvays  possible  to  get 
away ;  this  would  also  be  safer  than  '  to  run  into  strange  rivers ', 
where  much  time  may  be  lost  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  getting 
over  the  bar  again,  as  was  the  case  with  the  Abigail.  They  under- 
stand that  the  ship  is  much  pestered  with  goods,  but  there  is  some 
hope  of  her  sandal-wood  being  sold  at  Masulipatam.  To  bring  it 
here  would  be  mere  folly,  for  this  place  has  enough  for  two  or  three 
years.  The  turtle-shells  have  been  sold  at  Masulipatam  at  a  very 
low  rate.  This  is  '  all  the  meanes  wee  have  to  defraye  all  the  greate 
charge  of  shipp  and  shore',  and  their  expenses  are  so  great  that 
*  wee  shall  want  money  for  victualls  if  not  speedely  supplied  from 
your  partes '.  Cannot,  therefore,  fix  a  time  '  when  you  maye  expect 
us '.  This  ship,  the  Kameel^  sailed  for  Batavia  ten  or  twelve  days 
ago,  but  was  so  leaky  that  she  had  to  return  to  Pulicat,  where  she 
has  been  repaired,  '  Our  demands  and  articuUes  of  the  King  of 
Golconda  are  nott  yett  graunted,  nor  the  Dutches,  but  live  as 
ferindly  enemyes.  They  take  all  that  comes  into  the  roade  ;  yett 
have  wee  whatt  refreshing  from  the  shore  wee  can  or  maye  desire  ; 
alsoe  free  excess  [access  ?]  to  buy,  sell,  or  com  abord  att  our 
pleasure.  In  licke  manner  is  offered  to  the  Dutch,  but  they  will 
doe  nothing  untill  there  demands  from  the  King  bee  granted.' 
{Copy.     i\pp.) 

George  Brewen,  Lawrence  Henley,  and  Arthur  Fowkes 

AT  ArMAGON  to   [the  PRESIDENT  AND  COUNCIL  AT    BaNTAM], 

June  6,  1539  {O.C.  1280). 

Since  Mr.  Johnson's  letter  was  written  the  Swallow  has  arrived, 
after  being  twice  forced  back  by  contrary  winds  and  currents. 
Their  return  to  Bantam  in  April  was  impossible,  for  it  was  not 
until  December  31  that  the  ship  got  here,  and  then  most  of  her 
men  were  sick.  They  reached  Masulipatam  on  February  i,  but  it 
was  the  middle  of  the  month  before  any  junks  arrived,  without  the 
seizure  of  which  there  was  no  hope  to  recover  their  goods  and  their 
debts.  Also  some  time  had  to  be  given  for  the  Governor  to 
procure  instructions  from  Golconda;  and  then  further  time  was 
necessary  to  procure  payment,  '  which  was  parte  in  goods  and 
parte  in  money,'  and  to  get  the  goods  '  whitted  &c.'.  Assure  them 
that  every  effort  was  made  to  hasten  matters.     Even  now  the  ship 

z  2 


340  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

cannot  sail  until  her  leaks  are  stopped.  Mr.  Carter  is  doubtful 
whether  this  can  be  done  here  ;  and  moreover  she  is  so  '  extreame 
fowle '  that  her  voyage  is  likely  to  be  a  tedious  one.  Enclose  two 
letters  received  from  Surat.  '  For  those  doubts  that  they  object  of 
danger  to  our  masters  estates  att  Surratt  and  Persia  in  our  late 
arresting  of  juncks,  wee  have  therin  wee  hope  sufficiently  satisfied 
them  of  all  matters  fayrlie  carried  and  the  like  ended.'  Will  relate 
the  particulars  on  reaching  Bantam,  for  which  place  they  hope  to 
sail  in  about  twenty  days.  Have  cleared  everything  at  Masuli- 
patam,  except  some  sandal-wood  and  a  small  parcel  of  '  crazed  ' 
porcelain,  both  unsaleable  and  now  left  with  the  Danes.  A  debt 
made  by  Mills  at  Pulicat  of  231  pagodas  is  desperate ;  also  one  of 
32  pagodas  for  which  Duke  was  responsible.  '  Ells  all  is  cleared.' 
The  account  they  will  bring  with  them.     {Copy.     \\  pp.) 

Articles  exhibited  against  Richard  Boothby  by  the 
President  and  Council  of  Surat  at  a  General  Consulta- 
tion, June  9,  1629  [Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  xi.  p.  i). 

I.  Although  appointed  by  a  consultation  on  March  24,  1629,  to 
proceed  to  Baroda,  he  has  wilfully  neglected  the  Company's 
business.  2.  At  supper  one  evening,  he  said  scornfully  that  the 
factors  were  not  schoolboys,  to  be  prevented  from  going  where  they 
pleased.  3.  On  his  declaring  his  intention  to  visit  Ahmadabad  and 
Cambay,  he  was  warned  by  those  present  not  to  do  so  without 
permission  ;  whereupon  he  declared  that  he  would  go  in  spite  of 
the  Council.  4.  In  his  letters  he  refused  to  address  the  President 
and  Council  as  'Worshipful',  and  said  that  he  would  never  do  so 
while  he  was  in  India.  5.  On  May  20  he  left  his  post  at  Baroda 
and  went  to  Ahmadabad  on  private  business  without  asking  per- 
mission. 6.  Writing  on  June  i,  he  taxed  the  Council  with 
persecuting  him.  7.  He  has  falsely  alleged  that  Baroda  was 
abandoned  by  all  men  '  as  a  seate  forlorne  and  perrilous  and  not 
of  peccable  goverment  ;  whereas  since  our  memory  neither  wronge 
or  abuse  hath  fastened  at  any  time  on  our  people  there,  by 
magistrate  or  other  inferior  officer ' ;  and  Messrs.  Barber  and  West 
accepted  that  post  with  contentment  as  a  fair  step  to  better 
preferment.     {.Copy.     1^  pp-) 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  341 

Lawrence  Henley  and  Nicholas  Bix  at  Armagon  to 
[the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam],  June  25,  1629 
(O.C.  1280). 

Received  the  Bantam  letter  of  April  30  '  per  Dutch  convayance ' 
on  June  to.  Narrate  the  expedition  to  Masulipatam.  Their 
seizure  of  the  junks  procured  comph'ance  with  their  demands, 
whereupon  the  vessels  were  released  without  the  least  damage. 
Next,  as  they  had  so  much  sandal-wood  on  hand,  which  would 
vend  nowhere  else,  they  framed  articles  for  future  trade  and 
delivered  them  to  the  Governor  for  transmission  to  the  King; 
'but  after  longe  expectation  of  the  Kings  answer  and  noe  per- 
formance but  fayre  promises,  wee  concluded  itt  better  stand  to  the 
hazard  of  the  sandalls  sale  for  another  season  then  remayne  on  such 
base  and  prejudiciall  tearmes  as  formerly.'  They  left  demands  for 
53,000  pagodas  as  compensation  for  their  damages  sustained.  '  The 
Dutch  take  the  same  course,  but  more  severly  then  wee,  seizing  on 
all  juncks  that  come  to  there  hands  belonging  to  the  King  of 
Golcondah  his  dominion,  and  forbidding  all  vessells  of  forraine 
partes  to  trade  in  that  [kingdom  ?].'  On  April  6  they  seized  a  junk 
from  Achin  and  took  the  best  part  of  the  cargo  to  Pulicat.  '  They 
demand  53,000  pag[odas]  for  debts  dewe  to  them,  and  after  satis- 
facion  is  made  will  then  treate  of  articles  for  future  trade.  The 
Moores  as  yett  stand  of,  thincking  that  nether  the  Dutch  nor  wee 
can  leave  there  cuntry;  but  surely  the  Dutch  will  shortly  bring 
them  to  what  agreements  they  liste  ;  elce  must  they  loose  there 
Pegue,  Achin  &c.  trads,  which  hath  ben  yerly  for  greate  soms.  If 
articles  bee  not  granted,  there  is  noe  staying  for  any  strangers  in 
there  cuntry  ;  there  goverment  is  soe  badd,  especially  of  late.  Wee 
maye  force  them  to  itt  as  well  as  the  Dutch  ;  though  our  stringth 
is  not  as  much  as  theres  in  this  place,  yett  is  itt  enough  to  performe 
such  a  desine.'  For  further  particulars  refer  to  Brewen  and  his  com- 
panions. The  returns  by  the  Swallow  would  have  been  larger  had 
the  sandal-wood  been  vendible.  As  regards  any  mistake  in  their 
advice,  Brewen,  who  has  had  charge  of  the  Company's  estate  since 
the  death  of  Mills,  must  give  reasons  thereof.  The  turtle-shells 
were  sold  at  Masulipatam,  though  at  poor  rates,  because  the  money 
was  needed  to   defray  the  ships'  charges.      This  commodity  has 


342  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

usually  fetched  14,  15,  or  16  pagodas  per  maund,  ready  money. 
At  Armagon  they  have  got  rid  of  some  of  the  sandal-wood  in  truck 
for  cloth.  The  rest  they  could  only  have  sold  to  '  the  three  farmars 
of  trade  in  Musulapatam,  whoe  are  soe  sackt  and  beaten  oute  of 
there  meanes,  both  by  the  Moores  and  the  Governour,  to  pay  the 
Dutch  and  themselves '  that  payment  could  never  have  been 
obtained.  Supply  of  gold  thread  for  '  cainegoloones  '  [see  p.  10]. 
The  gold  chain  belonging  to  the  Banda  remains  has  been  sold. 
Will  endeavour  to  dispose  of  the  rest  of  the  sandal-wood  ;  but  they 
hope  no  more  will  be  sent.  It  is  true  that  the  Danes  have  sold 
their  stock  two  years  running,  but  it  was  at  low  rates  and  they 
were  only  paid  because  the  natives  feared  that  otherwise  they  would 
take  some  desperate  course.  Are  confident  the  President  and 
Council  will  relieve  them  as  soon  as  supplies  come  from  England. 
'  Heare  are  many  sorts  of  white  cloth  made,  as  well  as  payntings  ; 
of  which  Mr.  Johnson  doth  carry  severall  peeces  .  .  .  Many  other 
sorts  wold  likewise  bee  heare  made,  if  they  had  hopes  to  sell  them  ; 
as  alsoe  greate  quantityes  of  all  sorts  of  white  cloth  brought  from 
Carera  ^,  nere  Pettipollee,  hither  and  to  Pallicatt  by  watter,  of  which 
the  Dutch  Governour  hath  lately  bought  to  the  vallewe  of  10,000 
pag[odas].'  The  promised  frigate  will  be  useful,  both  for  fetching 
provisions  (which  are  excessively  dear  in  this  place)  and  for  other 
purposes.  She  should  bring  some  cordage  and  similar  stores. 
Will  be  as  frugal  as  possible,  but  this  year  they  have  been  put  to 
extra  expense,  as  '  of  forse  wee  must  newe  timber  and  cover  our 
howse  ;  elce  cannot  any  of  our  masters  goods  lye  drye.  Wee  have 
alwayes  ben  wary  to  keepe  friends  with  this  Xaige  ;  who  of  himselfe 
seemes  conformable,  but  hee  hath  soe  many  mallignant  knaves 
aboute  him,  who  by  nature  are  base,  that  never  cease  there  falce 
informations  against  us  and  our  best  merchants,  only  to  have  there 
mouths  stopt  with  guifts  and  bribes ;  which  will  never  bee  other- 
wise till  itt  pleaseth  the  Honorable  Company  to  fortifie ;  till  which 
tyme  wee  are  perswaded  as  much  must  of  force  be  given  in  bribes 
and  guiftes  yearly  as  the  charge  of  fortification  will  amount  to,  and 
yett  never  the  less  vexation  and  hindrance  in  our  business.     Since 

I  Valentyn's  map  shows  a  port  of '  Carrera '  at  the  month  of  the  Paler  River.  It  is 
not  found  on  modem  maps,  unless  it  be  the  now-decayed  seaport  of  Karedu  (or  Caraid), 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Manner  River. 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


343 


the  remove  of  the  last  Govemour  (which  was  by  our  information  to 
the  Naige  of  his  bad  caridge)  wee  have  lived  more  peaceable  and 
our  affayres  taken  better  effect  then  formarly ;  yett  such  is  the 
unconstancy  of  these  people  that  noe  trust  may  be  given  to  there 
words.  Beesides,  this  Naige  stands  uppon  doubtfull  tearmes  wheather 
hee  shall  keepe  his  cuntry,  for  hee  is  a  usurper  and  the  true  king 
doth  daylie  take  from  him  and  his  fellowes  confederates.  On  the 
other  side  the  Portugalls  of  St.  Thome  are  our  bad  nybours ;  who 
fewe  dayes  since  ventured  into  Pallicatt  Roade  and  burned  a  juncke, 
notwithstanding  the  Dutch  forces.  What  resistance  wee  can  make 
with  our  smale  forces,  if  they  should  attempt,  wee  leave  to  Your 
Worships  judgment.  These  premises  considered,  itt  must  needes 
bee  requisite  to  fortifie  for  securing  the  Honorable  Companies 
estate  amongst  such  doubtfull  broyles,  if  they  intend  to  continewe 
this  factory.'  Repudiate  the  charge  of  seizing  junks  carrying 
supplies  to  Pulicat.  It  is  true  that  they  stopped  one,  but  they 
released  her  as  soon  as  they  found  she  had  a  Dutch  pass.^  '  For 
our  partes  wee  have  kept  soe  good  correspondence  with  them,  and 
they  with  us,  in  all  outward  ceremony  that  more  cannot  bee  ex- 
pected twixt  two  freinds  ;  and  wee  intend  to  follow  your  order  in 
its  continuance.'  Thank  them  for  the  news  they  sent.  The  letter 
for  Surat  was  dispatched  by  an  express  the  day  it  was  received. 
As  regards  the  present  state  of  Armagon,  the  merchants  have  pro- 
vided great  store  of '  paintings  ',  but  as  the  factors  have  not  money 
to  beat  down  the  prices,  they  are  not  worth  buying,  considering  the 
prices  they  will  fetch  at  Bantam.  For  want  of  money  Johnson  was 
compelled  to  truck  goods  for  cloth  at  20  per  cent,  advance,  and  to 
accept  what  sorts  the  merchants  pleased.  If  they  had  cash  they 
could  buy  to  much  greater  advantage.  '  Gould  well  bought  will 
yeld  here  good  profitt ;  the  rather  if  wee  had  a  quantity  to  minte 
into  pagodes,  wee  having  the  chopp  or  stampt  [sic]  now  in  this 
towne.'    Send  a  list  of  prices  at  which  lead,  brimstone,  alum,  quick- 

'  A  letter  from  the  Dutch  Governor  at  Pulicat  to  Batavia,  dated  February  5,  1629 
N.  S.  (yHague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  283),  says  that  this  vessel  had  come  from 
Arakan,  and  that  the  English  insisted  on  taking  her  into  Armagon,  though  they  after- 
wards released  her.  The  writer  adds  that  apparently  the  English  have  given  up  their 
idea  of  building  a  fort  at  that  place  and  are  contenting  themselves  with  their  house, 
in  which  they  have  about  thirty  men  ;  also  that  they  are  beginning  to  be  in  bad  odour 
with  the  Nayak,  and  that  their  trade  is  only  about  one-eighth  of  that  of  Pulicat. 


344  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

silver,  and  unpolished  coral  would  vend  here.  '  But  to  drive  soe 
weake  a  trade  as  nowe  and  formarly  wee  have  done  will  not  quitt 
the  charges  of  souldiers  and  other  unavoydable  expence.'  Request 
the  supply  of  certain  stores,  including  some  wine  ('  in  parte  to 
countervaile  the  Dutch  curtezie  from  them  offten  receaved  '),  oil, 
and  English  butter.  If  a  fortification  be  decided  upon,  the  ships 
should  bring  stones  '  for  the  foundation  and  poynts  of  the  castle '. 
Carter  reports  that  store  of  brimstone  may  be  had  at  Macassar  at 
cheap  rates  ;  a  great  quantity  would  vend  here.  Henley  sends  his 
books  balanced  for  the  time  he  has  been  in  charge,  which  was  till 
Mills's  death.  Explains  that  the  deficiencies  in  the  weight  of  the 
cloves  and  sandal-wood  were  due  to  their  drying  in  the  heat. 
Johnson  was  short  in  his  estimate  of  expenses  for  June.  Wages  of 
Jacob  Fadle,  who  came  in  the  Abigail  and  is  now  gunner  of  this 
place  ;  he  is  urgent  for  payment,  because  he  has  married  a  'mestizo' 
\see  p.  98]  woman.  Pay  of  certain  soldiers,  viz.  John  Collins, 
Richard  Barlow,  Leonard  Piff,  and  Henry  Cufe.  Henley  desires 
consideration  of  his  own  salary,  which  is  too  small,  and  begs  that 
someone  else  may  be  appointed  to  supply  his  place.  '  Itt  wilbee 
neere  six  yeares  before  I  shall  retourne  to  my  cuntry :  to  longe,  if 
I  might  bee  my  one  judge,  to  serve  for  24/.  per  annum.'  {Copy. 
^\pp.     Received  by  the  Swallow.) 

Richard  Boothby  at  Surat  to  the  East  India  Company 
[?  June,  1629],  [Factory  Records,  Miscclla7ieons,  vol.  xi.  p.  7). 

Transmits  his  answer  to  the  accusations  made  against  him,  and 
beseeches  the  Company  to  suspend  their  judgement  until  he  has 
had  an  opportunity  of  clearing  himself.  Protests  against  being 
called  a  hypocrite ;  and  complains  that,  though  he  was  forced 
himself  to  take  an  oath,  the  witnesses  against  him  were  not  put 
thereto,  although  he  urged  that  they  should  be.     {Copy.     \ p.) 

BOOTHBY'S   ANS^VER   TO    THE    CHARGES    MADE   AGAINST   HIM, 

June  30,  1629  {Ibid.,  p.  3). 

I.  He  did  not  refuse  to  be  employed  at  Baroda,  though  he 
desired  to  remain  at  Surat,  both  on  account  of  his  health  and 
because  his  engagement  was  for  that  place.  2.  If  he  spoke  the 
words  alleged,  they  were  not  meant  to  imply  contempt  for  the 
Council.     3.  He  mentioned  privately  his  wish  to  visit  Ahmadabad 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  345 

and  Cambay,  but  it  is  false  that  he  said  he  would  go  without  per- 
mission.    4.  The  title  of  '  Worshipful '  has  been  omitted  by  others 
when  writing  (as  he  did)  a  brief  letter  on  the  road.     He  used  the 
title  on  the  cover,  however,  and  is  willing  to  submit  to  better  judge- 
ment.    5.  He  left  the  business  in  Baroda  in  good  order  and  in  the 
hands  of  a  trustworthy  man.     He  did  not  ask  permission  to  go  to 
Ahmadabad,  because  he  thought  it  unnecessary  and  he  intended 
but  a  brief  stay.     6.  He  maintains  that  he  has  been  persecuted. 
7.  He  said  that  Baroda  was  a  forlorn  and  disconsolate  place,  and 
so  he  found  it.     Others  have  been  glad  to  quit  or  avoid  it.     As 
regards  peril,  he  with  William  Price  and  Thomas  Aldworth  have 
several  times  been  reviled  in  the  streets  '  with  names  of  Ban-chude 
and  Betty-chude,^  which  my  modest  languadge  will  not  interprett ', 
and  their  peons   have  been   threatened   for   serving   the    English. 
With  regard  to  the  decision  of  the  Council,  that  his  wages  should 
be  stopped  from  May  20  and  he  shipped  to  England,  unless  he 
v.'Ould  confess  his  fault,  ask  pardon,  and  give  security  for  his  good 
behaviour,  he  avers  that  he  has  confessed  all  that  he  knows  to  be 
true,  and  is  sorry  for  what  is  bad  in  him,  acknowledging  himself  to 
be  full  of  infirmities.     As  for  security,  he  knows  not  where  to  obtain 
it,  as  none  dares  to  befriend  him  ;  but  to  move  them  to  be  milder 
towards  him  he  will  recite  to  them  '  a  fiction  which  it  hath  pleased 
God  to  bringe  to  memory '.     The  great  Apollo  and  his  Queen 
having  assembled  a  parliament  at  Parnassus,  certain  poets  preferred 
a  bill  against  another  poor  poet,  who,  being  in  want,  had  '  devised 
the  playe   at  cards  and   the  game  called  Trumpe',  which  they 
alleged  to  be  prejudicial  to  their  profession,  and  desired  not  only 
that  the  offender  should  be  punished  but  that  he  should  be  made  to 
give  caution  not  to  repeat  the  offence.     Apollo  found  no  cause  for 
inflicting  a  penalty,  but  in  order  to  give  satisfaction  commanded  the 
poet  to  '  putt  in  cawtion '  :  whereupon  the  latter  at  once  named 
Apollo  and  the  Queen  as  his  sureties,  '  wherewith  both  weare  well 
pleased  and  so  the  poore  poett  was  dismissed.'     Begs  that  in  like 
manner  the  President  and  Council  will  become  his  securities,  and 
then  all  differences  will  be  ended.     P.S. — Begs  that  his  books  and 
papers  may  be  restored  to  him.     (Copy.     2|//>.) 

^  For  these  terms  of  abuse  see  the  volume  for  1618-21,  p.  146,  and  Ilohson-Jobson 
(2nd  edn.),  p.  56. 


346  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

Lawrence  Henley  and  Nicholas  Bix  at  Arm  agon  to 
[the  President  and  Council  at  Bantam],  August  20,  1629 
{O.C.  1280). 

Wrote  last  by  the  Szcallon',  which  sailed  on  June  25.  Have 
since  put  off  18  candies  of  sandal-wood  with  some  money  in  truck 
for  goods  ;  but  have  little  hope  to  sell  more  until  a  supply  of  cash 
is  forthcoming,  as  it  is  a  very  dead  commodity,  and  the  Dutch 
have  at  present  a  great  quantity.  Their  merchants  have  provided 
plenty  of  paintings  and  other  cloths,  but  for  want  of  money  they 
can  only  give  them  good  words  and  fair  promises.  Trust  that  a 
ship  will  arrive  soon.  If  no  supply  comes  this  year,  they  will  be 
forced  again  to  borrow  from  the  Dutch  '  for  our  howse  expence '. 
This  they  would  not  willingly  do,  as  it  is  a  great  disparagement  to 
their  trade  ;  '  but  necessity  hath  no  lawe.'  '  The  4th  Julie  past 
arrived  att  Pallicat  two  shipps  from  Holland,  vizt.  the  Gallias  and 
the  David,  the  one  being  600  tounes,  the  other  200,  both  richly 
laden  with  quicksilver,  lead,  vermellyon,  broadcloth,  and  greate 
quantety  of  gould.  They  sett  sayle  from  the  Downes  the  loth 
November  past,  [and]  brought  us  newes  of  the  Palsgrave,  Dolphin^ 
Discovery^  and  Morris  there  safe  arryvall  in  England.  They 
stayed  in  the  Downes  23  dayes,  yett  could  not  tell  us  of  any  shipps 
of  ours  intended  either  for  Surratt  or  Bantam  ;  but  of  there  owne 
18  sayle,  8  in  company  with  these  two,  and  8  more  to  come  oute 
in  December  following.'  The  Dutch  Governor  at  Pulicat  has 
offered  to  supply  them  with  money  or  European  goods  in  exchange 
for  bills  on  Surat,  but  for  the  present  they  have  declined  with 
thanks.  On  August  5  they  received  letters  from  the  Governor  of 
Masulipatam  and  '  Marcamaldee '  [Mir  Kamaldin],  of  which  they 
enclose  copies  \jioi  extant\.  In  reply  they  wrote  that  they  had 
advised  Bantam  of  all  that  had  passed,  and  that  they  were  now 
awaiting  orders  from  thence  ;  until  these  arrived  they  could  say  no 
more.  Brewen  left  three  debts,  for  which  partial  satisfaction  has 
been  given,  and  they  have  been  debited  to  Bantam  in  the  accounts. 
On  July  30  came  a  copy  of  a  former  letter  from  Surat,  a  transcript 
of  which  is  now  sent.  '  The  greate  King  of  the  Gentewes  is  nowe 
in  his  wares  growne  soe  powerfuU  that  hee  hath  conquered  and 
regayned  all  his   formar  dominions  save  only  our  Naige  of  this 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  347 

place,  who  [it  ?]  is  supposed  cannott  long  subsist ;  wherfore  perforce 
must  leave  his  cuntry.  What  allterations  these  proceedings  will 
bring  unto  our  masters  affayres  in  this  place  wee  must  refer  unto 
tyme,  and  with  that  smale  force  wee  have  vigillently  to  stand  upon 
our  owne  gards  untill  God  send  us  more  force ;  yet  wee  have  noe 
cause  to  doubte  butt  that  hee  wilbee  conformable  to  reason,  as  this 
our  Naige  hath  formerly  bene.  But  in  whatt  manner  the  Dutch 
will  proceede  with  the  King  upon  these  alterations  wee  knowe  nott, 
but  have  reason  to  doubt  of  them  by  reason  of  there  former  under- 
hand dealHng.'  P.S.  {by  Henley) — They  have  news  from  Pulicat 
that  13^  ships  came  last  year  from  Lisbon  to  spoil  the  English  and 
Dutch  trade  in  Persia  and  India.  Five  of  them  fell  with  Malacca, 
two  at  Negapatam,  and  the  rest  at  Goa,  except  the  admiral,  which 
is  not  yet  arrived.  It  is  also  affirmed  that  30  frigates  have  left 
Goa  to  succour  Malacca  against  the  King  of  Achin,  who  lies  before 
it.  If  a  ship  be  sent  from  Bantam  through  the  Straits  of  Malacca 
this  monsoon,  she  must  be  on  her  guard  against  those  frigates. 
{Copy.     2\pp.) 

William  Knightley  to  the  Company,  October  — ,  1629 

{O.C.  I20l).2 

Narrates  his  experiences  at  Mokha.  The  Jonah  under  Captain 
Clevenger  arrived  there  on  June  29,  1625,  and  found  in  the  road  the 
Atme  (Bartholomew  Goodall,  commander),  which  had  reached  that 
place  about  eight  months  before.  Most  of  her  men  were  dead  and 
she  was  in  a  very  bad  state.  Clevenger  at  once  sent  on  board  the 
men  he  had  brought  for  the  purpose,  and,  after  landing  his  own 
goods,  transferred  the  Anne's  pepper  to  the  Jonah.  It  was  decided 
that  both  ships  should  set  sail  at  the  beginning  of  August  ;  but  this 
was  foiled  by  the  treachery  of  Robert  Johnson,  cape  merchant 
of  the  Anne.  Before  the  arrival  of  the  Jonah,  Johnson  had  promised 
the  Pasha  that  a  factory  should  be  settled  at  Mokha ;  and  in  order 
to  carry  out  this  engagement,  which  he  had  not  divulged  to  the  rest 
of  the  English,  he  '  tooke  occation  to  invite  Captain  Clevenger 
ashore  the  third  time,  pretendinge  that  it  was  to  receave  a  vest  sent 

^  According  to  Faria  y  Sousa  only  five  vessels  left  Lisbon  for  India  in  1638. 
^  This  letter  appears  to  have  been  written  after  Knightley's  return  to  England. 


348  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

downe  by  the  Bashaw  for  him,  and  so  that  he  should  then  take  his 
leave  of  the  Governor  and  marchants  of  the  towne,  and  then  depart 
for  India  ;  which  Captain  Clevenger  not  mistrustinge,  and  havinge 
formerly  bin  verry  courteously  and  kindly  entertained  by  them, 
agreed  unto,  and  on  the  first  day  of  August  he  went  ashore,  acord- 
ing  to    Mr.  Johnsons   invitation,   and    for   his   greater  honor  and 
credditt  he  tooke  ashore  some  forty  small  shott,  together  with  the 
drum  and  trumpetts  with  him,  thinking  to  have  retorned  aboard 
that  night.     But  so  it  was  that  within  one  hower  after  theire  arivall 
on  the  shore,  the  Governor  of  the  towne  privately  gave  order  to  the 
Ameer  Baharr  [AmIr-ul-Bahr],  who  is  Admirall  of  the  Seas,  to  get 
our  barge  hailed  on  the  shore,  and  her  mast,  saile,  and  oares  to  be 
taken  out,  and  not  to  suffer  any  English  to  depart  the  towne  untill 
he  had  further  order  from  him.      So    Captain  Clevenger  having 
notice  of  it  presently  went  to  the   Governor,   accompanied   with 
Mr.  Johnson,  to  demaund  of  him  the  reason  why  he  should  stay 
him  and  his  men,  not  having  doen  them  any  wronge.     The  Governor 
answared  it  was  the  Bashawes  pleasure  that  Mr.  Johnsons  promise 
should  be  performed  which  he  formerly  made,  which  was  to  settle 
a  factory  with  them,  and   not   to  wrong   us  in   the  least  kinde. 
Wherefore  he  demaunded  a  quantety  of  your  Worshipps  goods  to  be 
lefte  ashore  and  four  of  your  servants  with  it,  and  then  told  Captain 
Clevenger  he  and  all  the  rest  of  the  English  should  depart,  for  the 
Bashaw  did  not   intend  any  wrong  towards  us  but  only  desired 
a  peaceable  trade  and  comerce  with  us,  the  Governor  also  alleadging 
diverse  abuses  which  had  bin  formerly  doen  on  both  sides,  not  only 
accusing  of  us  but  themselves  also,  and   wishing  that  all  things 
on   either  side  might  be  buryed  in  oblivion  and  not  hereafter  to 
be  recalled.      And  so  with  this  answer  Captain  Clevenger  retorned 
to  the  English  howse.     The  next  day  Captain  Clevenger,  uppon 
request  made  to  the  Governor,  got  leave  for  all  the  men  that  came 
ashore  with  him  to  be  sent  abord  and  none  weare  then  stayed  but 
hee  and  Mr.  Johnson  and  some  other   merchants.      So    Captain 
Clevenger  perceiving  how  hee  was  intrapped  by  this  Mr.  Johnson, 
not  only  of  himselfe  but  with  the  advice  and  councell  of  the  rest  of 
of  the  marchants  there  present,  concluded  to  effect  the  Governors 
demaund,  and  so  forthwith  sent  order  aboard  to  our  pursur  for  the 
sending  ashore  of  200  bahars  of  pepper  and  four  men  to  stay  there, 


THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES  349 

who  weare  appointed  to  be  James  Olliver,  William  Fall,  and  Thomas 
Beale,  factors,  and  William  Knightley,  steward  of  the  howse  ;  and 
also  to  have  it  doen  with  all  convenient  expedition  which  might 
bee,  for  that  the  time  of  the  yere  was  at  hand  for  the  departure  of 
all  vessells  whatsoever  for  India,  so  that  he  was  fearefull  of  loosing 
the  monzone,  for  oftentimes  both  shipps  and  juncks  are  taken  short 
with  the  winde  and  so  are  forced  to  stay  four  or  five  monethes 
within  the  gulfe  before  they  can  get  out.'  These  orders  were  duly 
carried  out,  and  on  August  1 8  Captain  Clevenger  was  permitted  to 
embark.  '  That  day  in  the  morning,  when  Mr.  Johnson  should 
have  gon  aboard  the  shipp,  he  dyed  and  the  same  day  was  buryed.' 
The  Anne  sailed  on  August  18  at  night,  and  was  followed  by  the 
Jonah  next  morning.  '  The  pepper  which  was  left  with  us  was 
(within  fower  monethes  after  the  departure  of  the  shipps)  sold 
to  marchants  of  Grand  Cairo  at  fifty  ryalls  of  eight  the  bahar,  save 
only  fifty  bahar  which  was  sold  to  the  Bashawe  for  forty  five  ryalls 
the  bahar  ;  which  after  the  Governor  had  demaunded  could  not  be 
denied,  for  though  he  desire  it  as  a  courtesy  or  favour  to  be  doen  to 
the  Bashawe,  yet  if  it  be  denyed  he  will  forbidd  any  other  marchants 
for  coming  to  our  howse,  not  suffering  them  to  buy  it ;  so  that  in  a 
manner  he  taketh  it  per  force.  Theise  extremeties  are  used  as  well 
to  theire  owne  nation  as  to  strangers.  About  fourteen  daies  after 
the  departure  of  our  shipps  there  arived  a  great  junck  in  the  road, 
which  came  downe  from  Grand  Cairo  ;  who  comonly  cometh  every 
yere  about  that  time,  being  laden  with  severall  sorts  of  comodities, 
as  lead,  quicksilver,  turpentine,  cordage,  wheat,  Venus  [\^enice] 
cloth,  chambletts,  etc.,  but  not  with  great  quanteties,  for  that  they 
brought  many"  passengers  and  theire  necessaries,  who  bringe  much 
mony  with  them.  So  after  that  this  junck  is  discharged  she  is 
presently  trimmed  and  then  she  is  freighted  by  the  marchants 
to  goe  to  Grand  Cairo  againe ;  who  taketh  in  her  ladinge  in  the 
road  of  Mocho,  and  is  alwaies  laden  and  setteth  saile  in  the  latter 
end  of  the  moneth  of  December  and  not  before.  Heere  Your  Wor- 
shipps  may  please  to  take  notice  that  if  at  any  time  you  receave 
any  wrong  or  losse  by  the  Turks  in  those  parts,  if  your  marchants 
in  India  doe  but  consigne  one  shipp  to  Mocho  to  be  there  about 
that  time  of  the  yere,  you  shalbe  sure  to  have  restitution  by  that 
junck  without  any  resistance,  and  most  especially  for  that  she  is 


350  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

laden  all  or  the  most  part  with  Turks  goods,  and  but  slightly 
fortefied  with  munition,  being  not  able  to  withstand  a  shipp. 
There  cometh  also  yerely  from  Grand  Cairo  to  Mocho  a  land 
caphilo  of  some  800  or  1,000  cammells,  who  bringe  but  little 
ladinge  save  marchants  and  theire  estates  ;  which  marchants  bringe 
great  quanteties  of  monies,  as  rialls  of  eight  and  checkeenes  of  gold 
to  buy  comodities ;  and  also  they  bringe  small  quanteties  of 
chambletts  with  them,  which  of  late  are  sold  as  deere  there  as 
in  England.  This  caphilo  aryveth  in  Mocho  every  yere  about  the 
latter  end  of  Aprill  or  the  beginning  of  May,  and  in  July  followinge 
departeth  againe  for  Judda  and  Grand  Cairo,  being  laden  with 
Indian  comodeties,  which  are  as  followeth,  vizt.  :  shashes,  serebasts, 
allejaes,  fine  callico,  dutty,  pepper,  cloves,  etc.  ;  of  which  comodeties 
but  little  will  vend  in  Arabia  it  selfe.  The  comodeties  which  are 
vended  up  in  the  country  are  grosse,  as  callikeenes,  course  callico, 
chawders,  cotton  wooll,  iron,  rice,  tobacco,  and  such  like,  of  which 
yerely  are  sold  great  quanteties.  By  the  relacion  of  both  Turks 
and  Arabs  broad  cloth  of  severall  coullours  will  sell  well  up  in  the 
country,  as  greenes,  reds,  stammells,  etc.  ;  but  to  certefy  Your 
Worshipps  truly  what  quantety,  I  cannot.  The  cheife  tyme  of 
trading  in  Mocho  is  from  Maye  till  October.  As  for  all  the  other 
part  of  the  yere  trading  is  verry  dead,  for  that  most  marchants  doe 
depart  the  towne  for  that  tyme.  In  June,  1626,  arived  seven 
Dutch  shipps  ^  in  the  road  of  Mocho,  who  came  from  India ; 
whereof  was  comaundour  Harman  van  Spelt,  who  dyed  there 
within  one  moneth  after  his  arivall.  Uppon  one  of  which  shipps 
came  Mr.  Joseph  Hopkinson  and  Nathaniell  West,  two  of  Your 
Worshipps  servants,  by  order  from  the  President  and  Councell 
of  India  to  vew  the  estate  of  your  factory  and  to  bring  us  and  Your 
Worshipps  estate  with  them  if  they  could.  So  the  first  thinge  wee 
did  to  effect  theire  purpose,  wee  privatly  conveighed  Your  Worships 
mony  aboard  of  one  of  the  Dutch  shipps  at  severall  times ;  and 
when  that  was  safely  taken  in,  Mr.  Joseph  Hopkinson  demaunded 
of  the  Dutch  that  if  the  English  who  weare  kept  ashore  could 
safely  get  abord  whether  they  would  carry  them  for  India  or  noe ; 
but  the  Dutch  absolutely  denied  it,  alleadging  that  they  then  should 

^  'The  Gold{en)^  Lion,   the  Orania,  the  IIollandia,i\it  Morities,  the  Fortune,   the 
Walkeren,  the  English  Bare.^ — Marginal  note. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


351 


answare  for  us  and  that  theire  owne  people  who  weare  there  should 
suffer  for  it  if  they  did  soe,  with  diverse  such  like  reasons.  Some 
eight  daies  before  this  Harman  van  Spelt  died,  he  sent  up  to  the 
Bashawe,  who  lyveth  in  Synan  [Sana],  sixteen  daies  journy  of,  twoe 
Dutch  marchants  with  a  present  of  1,000  rialls  of  eight,  and  to 
confer  with  him,  first  to  release  theire  people,  who  had  bin  kept 
there  as  prisoners  four  yeres  and  better  ;  secondly,  to  demaund  of 
the  Bashaw  satisfaction  for  theire  monies  and  goods  which  the 
Turks  had  taken  from  them  ;  and  thirdly,  to  treat  with  him  about 
the  resetling  of  theire  factory.  Unto  all  which  theire  demaunds 
the  Bashaw  gave  eare,  but  little  respect,  and  giving  them  verry 
short  answares  not  yeilding  to  any  theire  demaunds,  and  it  seemed 
they  moved  his  patience  so  much  that  had  they  not  retorned 
the  sooner  he  had  kept  them  there  ;  so  that  they  retorned  without 
effecting  anythinge.  So  on  the  loth  of  August,  having  ended 
theire  busines  on  the  shore,  they  set  saile  for  India,  leaving  theire 
people  prisoners  as  before.  The  comodeties  that  weare  sold 
out  of  theire  shipps  weare  as  followeth,  vizt.  cloth  of  India,  tobacco, 
iron,  cotton  wool,  pepper,  cloves,  sanders  wood,  etc.  In  October 
followinge  the  Arabs,  who  are  the  natives  of  the  country,  began  to 
make  war  and  to  rebell  against  the  Turks  ;  which  though  at  first  the 
Turks  did  not  greatly  weigh  nor  regard,  yet  shortly  after  the  Arabs 
grew  so  stronge  that  they  tooke  diverse  townes  and  villages  from 
the  Turks,  still  continewinge  in  war  with  them  and  not  having 
ceased  at  our  departure  from  thence,  having  diverse  times  beseidged 
all  the  strong  places  and  citties  in  the  country,  but  not  gained  any 
as  yet,  save  only  Aden,  a  port  towne  some  fifty  leags  from  Mocho, 
which  is  the  strongest  port  in  all  the  gulfe  of  the  Red  Sea  ;  which 
place  I  doubt  the  Turks  will  hardly  ever  recover  againe,  except  by 
peace. ^  In  this  time  of  warr  the  Dutch  marchant  who  is  a  prisoner 
in  Tales  [Taiz],  a  citty  some  four  daies  journy  from  Mocho,  hath 
demonstrated  his  vallour  unto  the  Turks,  making  himselfe  a  gunner  ; 
who  tooke  uppon  him  to  direct  them  about  the  using  of  theire 
great  ordnance,  and  in  whome  they  reposed  great  trust  and  made 
him  comaunder  over  those  soldjers  who  weare  to  ply  those  ordnance, 
not  suffering  them  to  doe  anythinge  without  his  direction ;  but  this 
explanation   of  his  abillity   therein  I  feare  will   cause  him  never 

'  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  Turks  never  regained  it. 


352  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

to  depart  the  country.  The  next  yere,  being  in  anno  1627,  there 
came  noe  Christian  vessells  to  Mocho,  but  diverse  juncks  of  India, 
who  that  yere  sold  theire  goods  verry  well,  by  reason  of  a  land 
caphilo  that  came  from  Grand  Cairo  and  Judda,  with  whome  came 
a  great  company  of  soldjers  ;  which  caphilo  brought  great  store  of 
mony.  So  that  most  of  the  comodeties  that  came  out  of  India  that 
yere  weare  bought  by  the  Grand  Cairo  marchants  and  so  trans- 
ported by  sea  to  Grand  Cairo.'  One  of  the  junks  from  India 
brought  them  a  letter  from  the  Surat  President,  directing  inquiry  to 
be  made  for  the  missing  pinnace  Spy.  This  was  done,  but  without 
result.  They  heard  of  a  Christian  vessel  cast  away,  but  it  proved 
to  be  a  Portuguese  frigate.  '  This  yere,  by  the  President  and  Coun- 
cells  order  in  theire  letters,  wee  demaunded  leave  of  the  Governor 
for  us  all  to  depart  and  goe  for  India ;  but  the  Governor  absolutely 
denied  it,  sayinge  that  he  dirst  not  for  his  head  doe  it  ;  yet  in  the 
end  with  much  entreaty  wee  prevailed  and  got  leave  for  one  of  us. 
So  it  fell  out  that  Thomas  Beale  should  goe,  and  had  order  to  pro- 
vide himselfe  so  soone  as  he  would  ;  and  was  put  to  his  choice 
whether  hee  would  take  passage  on  the  Suratt  junck  or  on  Court 
Mahometts  vessell  of  Chowle.  Wee  advised  him  to  goe  on  the 
Surat  junck,  but  he  refused  goeing  in  her  because  shee  had  noe 
defence  if  they  should  meet  with  Portugall  friggotts  on  the  sea,  and 
chose  rather  to  goe  with  Court  Mahomett,  because  he  was  knowne 
to  be  well  fitted  with  municion,  powder,  shott,  and  a  great  many 
soldjers.  So  on  the  22th  day  of  July  followinge  Thomas  Beale 
imbarked  himselfe  on  Court  Mahometts  vessell  according  to  his 
owne  desire,  and  that  day  they  set  saile  for  India.  But  by  the  way 
they  put  into  Aden,  where  the  next  day  Court  Mahomett  and  some 
of  his  people  landed  ;  and  towards  noone  (all  the  people  of  the 
towne  not  knowing  any  thinge)  the  whole  army  of  Arabs  who  had 
formerly  beseidged  the  towne  entred  the  towne  and  slew  both  men, 
women,  and  children;  amongst  whome  this  Court  Mahomett  lost 
his  life.  But  some  of  his  people  escaped  and  ran  downe  to  the 
water-side  and  so  got  aboard  ;  whereuppon  they  that  weare  remain- 
ing in  Court  Mahometts  vessell  set  saile  for  India  ;  but  coming  to 
soone  uppon  the  coast  they  weare  driven  with  a  storme  a  great  way 
to  the  southward,  being  out  of  theire  way.  So  after  the  storme  was 
over  they  stood  theire  course  for  Chowle.     But  before  they  got 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


353 


thether  there  was  three  Portugall  friggotts  espied  them  and  chased 
them,  insomuch  that  they  made  account  to  run  theire  vessell 
aground  close  by  the  shore  and  so  to  have  gotten  ashore.  But 
belike  they  had  noe  good  pilate  amongst  them,  but  run  her  on 
a  rock  where  shee  splitt  al  to  peeces  ;  so  that  Mr.  Beale  with  many 
others  weare  drowned.  This  yere  the  marchants  who  remained  in 
Mocho  lived  in  such  continual!  feare  of  the  Arabs,  and  also  by 
reason  of  diverse  falce  allarums  that  came  daily  to  the  towne,  that 
they  weare  faine  to  bury  theire  Jewells  and  mony  under  the  ground 
diverse  times,  fearing  they  should  have  lost  all  that  ever  they  had. 
The  1 2th  of  November,  1627,  the  Governor  of  Mocho  certefied  us 
of  an  English  shipp  which  was  put  into  Aden  and  wished  us  to  send 
letters  to  her  to  advise  them  to  come  to  Mocho,  in  regard  that 
Aden  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Arabs  (as  is  formerly  mencioned)  and 
they  in  daunger  to  be  surprized  by  them  by  trechery  ;  whereuppon 
wee  sent  away  pattamars  forthwith  with  letters  by  land  to  them, 
advising  them  to  get  themselves  out  of  the  Arabs  hands  and 
to  come  to  us.  But  so  it  was  that  untill  March  followinge  wee 
could  never  heare  from  them  ;  and  then  they  sent  us  a  letter  and 
certefied  us  that  all  theire  people  weare  dead  but  only  twoe,  that 
was  Nathaniell  Best  and  Henry  Wickson  ;  and  therein  they  desired 
that  if  any  English  shipp  came  out  of  India  to  Mocho  that  yere 
that  they  would  put  into  Aden  and  get  them  of.'  No  particulars 
were  given,  but  they  learnt  afterwards  that  the  ship  was  the  Scout. 
'The  third  yere,  in  Maye,  anno  1628,  arived  twoe  Dutch  shipps, 
vizt.  the  Bomble  \Bovnnel\  and  the  Weesop,  and  one  English  shipp, 
the  Exchange,  as  also  diverse  juncks  of  India  with  great  chargazones 
of  goods  ;  but  by  reason  of  the  former  trebles  which  weare  betweene 
the  Turks  and  Arabs,  it  being  as  hot  as  ever  it  was,  and  for  that 
there  came  neither  caphilo  nor  marchants  neither  by  sea  nor  land 
that  yere,  there  was  but  small  quanteties  thereof  solde,  but  also  the 
Indians  weare  forced  to  retome  most  part  of  theire  goods  back 
againe  for  India,  to  theire  great  losse  and  hindrance.  The  second 
day  of  July  followinge  there  aryved  a  new  Bashawe  in  MochO;,  who 
was  inordered  by  the  Grand  Signiour  to  come  and  take  place  of  the 
old  Bashawe  ;  but  by  reason  of  the  wars  he  could  travell  noe 
further  but  was  forced  to  setle  his  abode  in  Mocho,  where  he  was 
remaining  when  wee  came  away,  and  indeavouring  to  make  peace 

FOSTER  III  A   A 


354  THE    ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

betweene  the  Arabs  and  them.  In  this  time  of  his  residence  in 
Mocho,  by  the  importunety  of  Mr.  Joseph  Hopkinson  wee  got  free 
leave  of  him  to  come  all  away  ;  but  to  certefy  Your  Worshipps 
in  what  manner  hee  soliscited  him  I  cannott,  but  desire  you  to  be 
referred  unto  his  relation.  On  the  13th  day  of  August,  1628, 
all  our  busines  being  ended  and  having  taken  leave  of  the  Bashaw, 
etc.,  wee  departed  the  towne  and  went  all  aboard  the  shipp  without 
any  interuption,  and  that  night  wee  set  saile  for  Aden.'  On  the 
15th  they  anchored  in  the  road  at  Aden,  and  learnt  from  a  fishing 
boat  that  the  two  English  sur\-ivors  were  nearly  two  days  journey 
up  in  the  country.  Wrote  to  them  of  the  arrival  of  the  ship.  The 
Governor  sent  off  some  cattle  and  goats  and  invited  the  English  to 
come  ashore ;  '  but  all  was  but  flattery  and  deceipt,'  and  the  Arabs 
fired  five  shots  at  the  vessel.  So  the  i8th  they  sailed  for  India. 
While  in  Mokha  the  factors  received  several  letters  from  the  Pasha, 
'the  principall  contents  beinge  promises  of  our  peaceable  trade  and 
usage  in  his  country,  with  diverse  complements  to  that  effect '.  '  I 
thinke  it  not  amisse  (although  Your  Worshipps  may  alreddy  be 
aquainted  therewith)  to  relate  unto  you  the  privilidges  and  customes 
that  appertaine  to  the  English  in  Mocho,  which  are  as  follow,  vizt. 
First,  all  goods  whatsoever  landed  by  the  English  (after  notice 
given  thereof  to  the  Governor  of  the  towne)  are  carried  unto  the 
English  howse  ;  and  as  it  is  sold,  if  it  be  poize  goods  it  is  carryed 
to  the  customhowse  and  weighed,  but  if  bale  goods,  as  callicoes,  etc., 
then  to  be  opened  in  the  English  howse,  provided  there  be  a  scrivan 
of  the  customhowse  there  to  take  notice  thereof ;  which  privilidge 
is  more  then  the  natives  or  Indians  have,  for  that  theire  bales 
of  goods  are  alwaies  opened  in  the  customhowse,  which  is  to  theire 
losse  and  charge.  Secondly,  if  wee  land  any  goods  unvendible,  wee 
may  retorne  them  aboard  without  paying  of  any  custome.  Thirdly, 
if  wee  buy  goods  in  the  towne  and  sell  them  there  againe,  wee  pay 
noe  custome ;  and  for  mony  wee  pay  noe  custome,  neither  inwards 
nor  outwards.  Fourthly,  our  brokeridge  is  one  per  cent.,  and 
shrafifage  ^  is  halfe  a  riall  per  every  thousand  rialls.  Likewise 
if  wee  bringe  any  commodeties  to  be  measured,  as  rice,  oyle,  butter, 
or  the  like,  whereas  other  men  pay  one  keale  [Arabic  kail]  or  quart 
uppon  every  tummon  [?  Arabic  thanian],  or  forty  keales  or  quarts, 

*  The  charge  made  for  exchanging  money  (Arabic  sarraf,  a  money-changer). 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  355 

wee  pay  nothinge.  The  great  weights  used  there  are  as  follow, 
vizt. :  the  bahar  is  fifteen  frazells  [Arabic  fdrsala],  or  150  men 
[maunds],  or  300  rattalls  [Arabic  r«//].  The  frazell  is  26  [?  20] 
rattalls :  the  men  is  two  rattalls :  the  rattall  is  fifteen  vockeas 
[Arabic  tviiqiyya/i]  or  English  ownces.  Gold  or  silver  weights  : 
three  red  graines  of  the  bignes  almost  of  a  pease,  which  is  called  by 
the  name  of  ratter  \_rati:  see  p.  89  ;/.],  conteineth  and  is  the  weight 
of  a  carrat  English:  sixteen  carrats  is  one  caffela  [sec  p.  71  ;^.]  : 
eighteen  caffiloes  poiz  one  chekeene  of  gold :  ten  caffiloes  is  one 
vockea :  one  vockea  conteineth  about  an  English  ownce  :  eight 
caphiloes  three  quarters  poiz  one  riall  of  eight.  The  measures 
used  for  cloth,  etc.,  vizt. :  the  Mocho  covet  is  twenty  four  inches  and 
a  half;  the  Surat  long  covet  is  o^S  inches  and  -^g :  the  short  covet  is 
26  inches  and  -^o-  The  measures  for  butter,  oyle,  etc. :  the  tummon 
which  conteineth  forty  keales  :  the  keale  conteineth  about  an  English 
quart :  one  Surat  maund  of  oile  or  butter  is  fourteen  keales  or 
quarts.'  Reached  Swally  on  October  4,  1628.  Knightley  was 
then  employed  in  the  office  at  Surat,  until  his  sailing  for  England 
m\hQ  Blessijtg.     {9\pp.) 

John  Vian's  ^  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  Captain  Wed- 
dell's  Fleet  to  India  [Marine  Records,  vol.  lii.  p.  i). 

1629,  March  25.  Sailed  from  Tilbury  Hope.  The  fleet 
consisted  of  the  Charles  (admiral),  Discovery,  and  Reformation, 
bound  for  Surat,  and  the  London,  bound  for  Bantam.  March  29. 
Anchored  in  the  Downs.  April  10.  Sailed,  having  been  joined 
by  the  pinnace  Samuel.  April  ii.  Learning  from  a  King's  ship 
that  eleven  Dunkirkers  were  lying  off  the  Isle  of  Wight,  they 
cleared  for  a  fight,  but  nothing  was  seen  of  them.  April  15.  Put 
into  Torbay.  April  19.  Departed.  In  the  evening  they  lost 
sight  of  the  Lizard.  May  5.  Saw  Grand  Canary.  Jidy  9.  The 
London  and  Reformation  lost  company.  Jidy  12.  The  Sanmel 
was  left  behind,  on  account  of  her  bad  sailing.  Jidy  17.  The 
Reformation  rejoined.     At  noon  saw  Table  Mountain.     August  9. 

^  He  was  master  of  the  Discovery,  of  which  John  Bickley  was  captain.  Of  the  other 
vessels,  John  Weddell  (chief  commander)  was  in  charge  of  the  Charles,  William  Morris 
of  the  Reprmation,  John  Pynn  of  the  London,  and  William  Taylor  of  the  pinnace 
Samttel, 

A  a  2 


356  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Saw  '  John  de  Nova '  [an  island  in  the  Mozambique  Channel]. 
Aicgust  II.  Passed  Mayotta  [one  of  the  Comoro  Islands],  August 
12  and  13.  Becalmed  off  Johanna.  August  14.  The  current 
preventing  them  from  making  that  island,  they  anchored  at  Mohilla. 
August  17.  The  Savmcl  arrived  with  a  small  junk  she  had  just 
captured  on  its  way  from  Madagascar  to  Mozambique.  The  prize 
proved  to  be  of  small  value,  as  the  sandalwood  it  carried  was  not 
of  the  right  sort.  They  left  the  vessel  and  some  of  the  crew 
at  Mohilla.  Atigjist  2.5.  The  fleet  sailed.  September  4.  Crossed 
the  Line.  October  4.  Got  into  soundings  on  the  coast  of  India. 
October  9.  Anchored  in  the  port  of  Swally,  where  they  found  the 
Jonah  and  six  Dutch  ships.  December  3.  The  Samuel  was  sent 
with  a  Dutch  vessel  to  convoy  two  junks  from  Surat  Bar  to  Swally. 
On  the  way  back  (December  5)  they  were  attacked  by  twelve 
Portuguese  frigates  belonging  to  the  Cambay  fleet.  The  Dutch 
sank  three  of  the  assailants^  and  the  Samuel  a  fourth ;  but  in  the 
end  the  English  ship  was  burnt  with  the  loss  of  thirteen  men,  the 
other  seventeen  being  saved  by  the  Dutch  ship,  which  reached 
Swally  in  safety.^     {1^  pp.) 

x'\nother  Account  by  Nicholas  Sharp  ^  {Marine  Records, 
vol.  liii.  p.  1). 

1629,  April  10.  The  fleet  left  the  Downs.  April  15.  Anchored 
in  Torbay,  where  they  found  Captain  Kirk's  fleet.  April  19. 
Lost  sight  of  the  Lizard.  June  22.  Put  six  guns  into  the  hold. 
Jidy  7.  Did  the  same  with  six  more.  Jtdy  12.  Left  the  pinnace 
in  order  to  'save  our  munsones '.  Jidy  17.  Passed  the  Cape. 
The  Reformation  rejoined.  August  3.  Saw  the  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar. August  g.  Made  '  John  de  Nova '.  August  11.  Passed 
Mayotta.  Remounted  ten  pieces  of  ordnance.  August  14.  Having 
tried  in  vain  to  fetch  Johanna  (which  is  the  healthier  island,  though 
yielding  less  supplies),  they  anchored  at  Mohilla  and  sent  ashore 

^  From  references  in  two  letters  of  1630  {O.C.  1299,  1306),  it  appears  that  the  loss  of 
the  vessel  was  due  to  the  master,  who,  expecting  to  be  boarded  by  the  Portuguese,  had 
laid  a  train  of  gunpowder  to  blow  them  up ;  unfortunately  this  was  fired  prematurely, 
■with  disastrous  results  to  the  English.  The  Dutch  ship  was  the  Wesp.  Two  Dutch 
accounts  of  the  incident  will  be  found  in  Hague  Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  ix.  nos.  295, 
29S;  but  they  add  nothing  of  importance. 

'  He  was  in  the  Charles. 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES  357 

twenty-five  sick  men.  While  there  the  Saifiuel ca.me  in  with  a  prize 
containing  sandahvood  and  a  hundred  black  men  and  women  ;  of  the 
latter  '  every  ship  tok  some  for  to  carie  for  Sirratt '.  August  25. 
Sailed.  October  4.  Struck  ground  on  the  coast  of  India.  Octo- 
ber 9.  Off  Swally  Captain  Swanley,  of  the  Jonas,  came  aboard,  and 
told  them  that  he  had  arrived  from  the  southwards  only  three 
days  before.  In  the  afternoon  they  went  over  the  bar,  and  found 
seven  \s^c^^  Dutch  ships  riding  in  the  Hole.  December  5.  The 
Satmiel  was  burnt  in  a  fight  with  the  Portuguese.     {^1  pp) 

Another  Account  by  Nicholas  Prin  ^  {Ibid.,  vol.  liv.  p.  i). 

1629,  April  [10].  Sailed  from  the  Downs.  April  13.  Near  the 
Needles  saw  eight  ships  under  Captain  Kirk.  April  15.  Put 
into  Torbay.  April  19.  Departed.  Jitly  9.  The  Reformation 
and  London  lost  company  in  bad  weather.  Jidy  12.  Left  the 
Samuel  behind.  Jtdy  17.  Saw  the  Cape  and  met  with  the 
Reformation.  August  3.  Saw  Madagascar.  Augitst  14.  Anchored 
at  Mohilla.  Aicgjcst  25.  Sailed  again.  October  4.  Were  in 
soundings.      October  ().  Anchored  at  Swally.     {^'^ pp-) 

President  Muschamp,  William  Hoare.  and  Anthony 
Vernworthy  at  Bantam  to  the  Company,  October  28, 
1629  {O.C.  1297). 

....  The  JonaJi  arrived  from  Surat  on  June  10,  followed  on  the 
27th  by  the  Christopher  and  Eagle,  both  very  leaky.  They 
brought  rice,  wheat,  and  cotton  wool,  to  the  value  of  4,090  rials, 
which  were  very  welcome  in  their  then  scarcity.  The  Jonah 
(Captain  Swanley)  sailed  again  on  July  13  for  Surat,  laden  with 

sandalwood  and  broadcloth  to  the  value  of  15,503  rials  ^i\d 

The  Siualloiv  arrived  on  August  17  from  Armagon,  with  goods 
amounting  to  25,941  rials  37^^.  She  proved  a  leaky  and  defective 
ship  the  whole  voyage.  The  factory  at  Masulipatam  has  been 
dissolved,  as  directed  by  the  Company.  The  debts  there  were 
recovered  by  seizing  the  junks  belonging  to  that  port ;  and  a 
declaration  of  the  cause  of  removal,  and  a  protest  for  damages 
received  to  the  amount  of  52,000  pagodas,  were  sent  to  the  Governor 
and  the  principal  men.     '  The  Dutch  hath  traced  our  stepps,  and 

^  He  was  on  board  the  Charles,  probably  as  a  master's  mate. 


358  THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 

make  their  demaunds,  both  for  principall  and  intrest  for  their  debts 
owing,  to  a  great  vallue  ;  which  in  apparance  will  divert  the 
course  of  there  pride  and  oppression,  and  prepaire  a  faire  way  both 
for  there  and  our  resetling  uppon  better  tearmes  then  ever  we 
yet  enjoyed,  if  the  comodiousnes  of  this  trade  may  againe  induce 
you  to  recall  your  former  order.  You  may  please  to  consider  that 
the  sorts  of  cloth  there  provided  are  the  cheef  sorts  required  in 
Jambee  and  Macasser  factories,  sold  there  to  more  profitt  then 
anie  other  cloth  made  uppon  that  coast ;  the  want  whereof  will  not 
onlie  deprive  you  of  a  large  benifitt  that  might  be  made  by  the 
saile  of  goods  but  it  will  likewise  force  our  customers  at  Jambee  to 
sell  there  pepper  to  the  Dutch,  and  make  your  home  returnes 
uncertaine.  The  investments  from  Armagon  hath  not  as  yet  given 
us  much  encouragment  to  commend  that  place,  in  regard  the 
goods  bought  there  hath  not  produced  equall  proffitt  to  that 
invested  in  other  places.  Your  servant  Mr.  Johnson,  who  hath 
had  the  managing  of  those  affaires,  pretendeth  that  he  hath  beene 
forced  to  barter  commodities  for  cloth,  and  for  the  want  of  gould 
or  rialls  to  pay  in  part  must  of  necessity  yeeld  to  there  price  and 
take  such  sorts  as  they  would  give  him,  the  weavers  and  poore 
people  being  enforced  to  crave  licence  from  their  Naig  to  trade 
with  the  Dutch  to  procure  ready  monies,  which  would  not  be 
suffered  if  we  were  equally  supplied.  This  may,  if  you  please,  be 
prevented  in  the  future,  and  we  may  bee  provided  there  with  the 
same  sorts  of  cloth,  equall  in  price  and  quallety  to  that  of  PelHcatt. 
Wee  have  likewise  received  some  musters  of  white  cloth  made 
under  that  Naigs  goverment ;  if  they  prove  vendable  we  shall  have 
the  less  occasion  to  use  Mesulapatam.  The  Naige  hath  graunted 
us  large  priveledges  for  the  confirmation  of  our  trade,  with  libertie 
to  fortifie  for  our  owne  securitie,  which  our  unfriendlie  neighbours 
the  Dutch  hath  sought  to  prevent  by  there  large  presents  and 
bribes  ;  and  when  these  could  not  prevaile,  they  sent  there  Molayan/ 
a  cheef  negotiator  of  there  affaires,  to  farme  the  goverment  of 
Armagon  at  tribble  its  usuall  rent,  purposely  to  disturb  our  trade ; 
all  which  their  dishonest  practises  could  not  prevaile  with  the  Naig 
to  infringe  his  covenants    made  with   us,   whereuppon   wee  may 

^  Malaya,  the  great  Hindu  merchant  who  is  so  often  mentioned  in  the  records  of  the 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  359 

confide,  if  that  place  be  yearelie  supplied  with  a  cargizoon  of  gould 
and  vendable  goods.'  Unpolished  coral,  lead,  tin,  latten,  brass, 
copper,  vermilion,  and  quicksilver  will  sell  there.  Gold  '  of  Jacobus 
alloy '  will  yield  profit,  but  rials  of  eight  only  produce  loss  on  that 
coast.  Half  gold  and  half  commodities  should  be  sent,  and  it 
would  be  well  to  consign  a  ship  direct  thither  from  England. 
'  For  securing  of  your  estate  there  must  of  necessity  be  maintained 
a  fort  and  small  garrison  of  50  soldiers,  to  defend  it  from  the 
pilfring  Portugalls  and  inland  ennimies  to  that  Naig,  who  are 
watchfull  to  worke  us  a  mischeef,  which  may  be  prevented  with 
an  easy  charge  added  to  that  already  bestowed  uppon  a  strong 
house  and  necessarie  buildings,  if  you  please  to  continue  that 
residence.  There  is  now  12  pieces  of  ordinance  mounted  in  and 
aboute  the  house  ;  23  factors  and  souldiers  remayning  there,  and 
must   of  necessitie   continue   until   your   further   order,  ether  for 

fortifying  or  dissolving  that  factorie.'      '  The  Daines,  for 

want  of  stock  and  shipping,  have  finished  there  Indian  trade,  and 
by  report  their  General!  gone  to  surrender  there  castle  to  the 
Dutch  for  15,000  rials ;  but  it  is  supposed  that  that  Naig  will  not 
suffer  them  to  enjoy  it  peaceably  unles  uppon  a  new  composicion, 
which  will  cost  them  deare '  ^  .  .  .  .  The  Christopher  will  be 
careened  on  her  return  from  Jambi,  for  the  purpose  of  sending 
her  to  Armagon  next  March  .  .  .  Mr.  Sill  will  be  dispatched  thither  . . . 
{About  2^  //.     The  rest  of  the  letter  relates  to  Bantam^  &c.) 

^  A  Dutch  letter  from  Masulipatam  to  Batavia,  dated  Sept.  24,  162S  N.  S.  {Hague 
Transcripts,  series  i.  vol.  viii.  no.  270)  mentioned  the  possibility  of  the  Dutch  obtaining 
Tranquebar,  should  the  Danes  decide  to  leave,  adding  that,  in  the  event  of  their  refusing 
it,  Malaya,  the  native  merchant,  would  take  it,  as  he  had  a  great  trade  on  the  coast  and 
was  afraid  of  being  plucked  by  one  or  other  of  the  Nayaks.  On  December  15,  1629  N.S. 
{ibid.,  no.  282),  the  Governor-General  at  Batavia  reported  to  the  Company  that  Roelant 
Crappe,  the  Danish  admiral,  had  proposed  that  the  Dutch  should  buy  the  fort  for  12,000 
or  15,000  rials  of  eight,  but  that  he  had  refused  to  entertain  the  idea.  Another  letter 
from  Masulipatam  of  October  2,  1629  N.  S.  {ibid.,  no.  285),  stated  that  Crappe  had 
offered  to  allow  Malaya  to  occupy  the  fort,  paying  the  stipulated  rent  of  3,000  pardaos 
per  annum  to  the  Nayak,  on  the  understanding  that  the  Danes  might  reclaim  the  place 
within  three  years  on  reimbursing  Malaya  all  his  outlay.  The  Dutch  had  again  refused 
to  take  it  over.  The  negotiations  with  Malaya  are  also  referred  to  in  no.  286  of  the 
same  series ;  they  fell  through  owing  to  the  opposition  of  the  Nayak  of  Tanjur  (vol.  ix. 
no.  289  a). 


36o  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

Inventory  of  Household  Utensils,  &c.,  at  Ahmadabad 
Factory,  November  20,  1629  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous, 
vol.  xxiv.  p.  36}. 

Pots,  ladles,  a  lamp, candlesticks,  a' coho  [coffee]  pottVoneculsee' 
[Hind.  kalsJ,  a  water  jar],  trenchers,  a  still  '  for  to  brew  wine  in ', 
china  dishes,  two  muskets  and  two  harquebuses,  two  pictures  ('  one 
of  the  cittie  of  London  and  the  other  of  the  King  in  Parliament '), 
five  '  sitternegees '  [Hind,  shitranjl,  a  coloured  cotton  carpet],  three 
carpets,  five  jars  'for  jugra  \see  p.  236]  and  water',  three  jars  for 
wine,  a  tablecloth,  napkins,  coach  and  tent  covers,  four  joint-stools 
and  chairs,  four  cots  ;  eleven  pieces  of  silver,  including  a  saltcellar 
and  cover,  a  beer  bowl,  a  cup  and  trencher,  and  six  spoons  ;  one 
coach  and  oxen ;  one  horse.  Also  a  list  of  debts  due  to  the 
factory,  amounting  to  Rs.  24,499.     (2  PP-     Damaged) 

The  Company  to  George  Willoughby  and  other  Factors 
AND  JoHx\  Barnes,  Master,  aboard  the  Star,  November  27, 
1629  {Letter  Books,  vol.  i.  p.  64). 

The  order  of  precedence  is  to  be  as  follows  :  George  Willoughby, 
Matthew  Duke,  John  Hunter,  William  Matthew,  and  Thomas 
Grove.  No  stores  of  value  are  to  be  expended  without  the  joint 
consent  of  the  master  and  Willoughby  (or,  in  his  absence,  Duke). 
{Copy.     I  /.) 

Inventory  of  Household  Utensils,  &c.,  at  Surat  Fac- 
tory, December  6,  1629  {Factory  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol. 
xxiv.  p.  39). 

Silver  plate,  weighing  1,275^  tolas  and  valued  at  2,639  mahmudis 
18^  pice ;  it  consisted  of  spoons,  wine  cups,  a  ewer  and  basin,  beer 
bowls,  saltcellars,  a  rosewater  bottle,  a  betle  box,  two  candlesticks 
and  snuffers,  two  '  pigdanes '  [Hind,  pikddn,  a  spittoon],  &c. 
Copper  pots, '  pattillas  Ypatild\  or  panns,'  trenchers,  platters,  basins, 
one  still,  a  '  pann  to  make  kandells  in ',  '  one  bassen  for  the  great 
lamp  in  the  hall',  &c.,  weighing  764^  seers  and  valued  at  671 
mahmudis  i  pice.  Brass  candlesticks,  lamps,  one  basin,  '  one 
cottora  \katord\  or  dish  to  drincke  in,'  &c.,  141 1  seers,  valued  at 
97  mahmudis,  i  pice.  Four  bowls,  &c.,of  'jassett  \^jast,  tutenague, 
pewter,  &c.]  or  mixt  mettle',  worth  11  mahmudis  3^  pice.     Iron 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES  361 

spits,  fire-irons,  hatchets,  'four  towas  [tatad']  to  bake  bread  on,' 
'  one  paire  of  bilboes,'  &c.  Curtain  rods,  '  fannesses  [fdnfis']  or 
lanthornes,'  and  two  drums.  Chairs,  stools,  long  forms,  tables, 
joint-stools,  &c.  Twenty-six  cots.  Carpets,  '  sittrongees,'  and  a 
'  jagam  [j'djavi,  a  floor-cloth]  of  knytt  cloth  to  lye  under  a  carpett.' 
Tablecloths  and  cushions.  One  buckler,  nineteen  muskets,  eight 
halberds,  and  one  sword.  Linen  tablecloths,  napkins,  and  towels. 
China 'chargers',  dishes,  saucers,  bowls,  &c.  Seven  horses,  'one 
baye  tatoo '  \tattu,  a  pony] ,  [  ]  oxen,  one  great  coach,  and  five  others. 
Several  tents  and  '  rowties'  \see  p.  270]  with  their  furniture,  including 
'cannetts'  \_ka71dt,  a  canvas  or  cloth  screen],  'semianes'  \shami- 
ydna,a.  canopy],  and  'abchannes'  \abkJidna,  a  special  tent  for  keep- 
ing water  jars  in].  China  and  earthenware  jars.  Curtains.  '  One 
scritoyra  \_sce  p.  134J  for  letters.'  One  stable  for  the  oxen.  A 
garden,  valued  at  Rs.  1,000  or  2,250  mahmudls.  Unrated:  the 
surgeon's  chest  and  instruments  ;  two  silver  seals  ;  '  one  pictuer  of 
stone ' ;  two  glass  lanterns  ;  two  brass  inkhorns ;  and  three  old 
'  callique '  [calico]  curtains.     (3  //.     Damaged.) 

John  Vian's  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Discovery 
TO  Persia  and  back  {Marine  Records,  vol.  Hi.  p.  25). 

1629,  December  19.  The  Charles,  Discovery,  \Reformatioi{\,  and 
Jo7ias  sailed,  in  company  with  the  Dutch.  December  20.  Saw 
seven  Portuguese  frigates.  December  21.  A  small  Dutch  ship  left 
them  for  Batavia.  1630,  January  3.  Saw  the  coast  of  Persia. 
January  6.  Lost  company  with  the  Dutch.  January  9.  Met 
them  again.  January  20.  Anchored  at  Gombroon.  February  4. 
Went  over  to  Ormus  for  ballast.  February  9.  Returned  to 
Gombroon.  February  24.  The  English  fleet  left  the  port,  but 
were  forced  to  linger  two  days  for  the  Dutch.  March  2.  Lost 
sight  of  the  Persian  coast.  MarcJi  15.  Near  the  Indian  coast  saw 
fourteen  Portuguese  frigates,  which  captured  two  Persian  junks. 
March  17.  Got  into  Swally  port.     {^\pp) 

Another  Account  by  Nicholas  Sharp,  ix  the  Charles 
{Ibid.,  vol.  liii.  p.  18). 

1629,  December  17.  The  diaries  and  Jonas  went  over  the  bar. 
December  18.  The  Discovery  and  Reformation ,  with  six  Hollanders, 


362  THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 

followed.  December  19.  The  President  went  ashore,  and  the  fleet 
sailed,  accompanied  by  six  Surat  junks.  December  20.  Saw  eight 
Portuguese  frigates.  December  21.  One  of  the  Dutch  ships  left 
for  Batavia.  1630,  January  6.  Lost  the  Dutch  fleet.  Jajttiary  g. 
Met  them  again,  but  lost  all  the  junks  except  one.  January  20. 
Anchored  at  Gombroon.  February  4.  Went  to  Ormus  for  ballast, 
returning  on  the  9th.  February  26.  The  English  and  Dutch  fleets 
sailed  for  India,  having  five  Surat  junks  in  company.  March  15. 
Saw  sixteen  Portuguese  frigates  standing  west.  March  16.  Saw  the 
Shdhl  of  Surat  and  six  frigates,  who  brought  letters  warning  them 
of  a  Portuguese  squadron,  consisting  of  five  galleons  and  twenty-five 
frigates,  said  to  be  looking  for  them.  March  17.  The  fleet  went 
into  Swally  Hole.     (7  pp) 

Another  Account  by  Nicholas  Prix,  in  the  Charles 
{Marine  Records,  vol.  liv.  p.  12). 

j62g,  December  19.  The  fleet  sailed  from  Swally.  1630,  January 
20.  Anchored  at  Gombroon.  Febrtiary  [4].  Went  over  to  Ormus. 
Febriiary   9.     Returned  to  Gombroon.  February  24.     Sailed. 

March  15.     Saw   the   coast    of  India.       Sighted  twelve  frigates. 
March  16.  Anchored  off  Swally.     March  17.  Went  into  the  Hole. 

(34 /A) 

Consultations  held  aboard  the  Star,  November  18, 
1629,  to  March  23,  1631  {Marine  Records,  Miscellaneous,  vol.  iv. 
no.  I]). 

These  relate  either  to  the  state  of  the  ship,  its  course,  or  the 
punishment  of  members  of  its  crew.  They  are  signed  by  the  mer- 
chants on  board  and  the  ship's  officers.     {Copies.     '2.  J  pp.) 


INDEX 


Abbas.     Sec  Persia,  Shah  of. 

Abbdsi,  301. 

Abbot,  Sir  Morris,  xxxvi ;  trade  in  jewels 
on  his  account,  33,  62,  73,  79,  95,  127, 
175.  347,  271. 

Abdulkuri  Island,  70. 

Abdullah,  Sultan  of  Lahej,  71. 

Abdullah  Hassan.  See  Abul  Hasan, 
Klhwaja. 

Abdullah  Khan,  78. 

Abdul-nabi,  Haji,  30. 

Abigail,  the,  xlvi,  147,  223,  308,  338 ; 
master  of,  see  Man  ;  arrives  at  Bata\da, 
II  ;  sent  to  Masulipatam,  xlv,  144,  182  ; 
returns  to  Batavia,  200. 

Abkhdna,  361. 

Ablaq,  232. 

Abrahams,  Jan,  292  n. 

Abul  Hasan,  Khwaja,  102,  151,  175,  240; 
and  the  Surat  troubles,  32,  33,  34,  56, 
_  201 ;  assists  the  English  factors,  59,  93. 

Achdr,  301. 

Achin  (Sumatra),  11,  18,  26,  27,  64,  118; 
native  trade  to,  224,  258;  brimstone  from, 
181;  supplies  for,  see  Surat ;  Dutch  trade 
at,  341 ;  King  of,  xxxiv,  347. 

Aden,  capture  of  a  native  vessel  of,  36  ;  the 
Sco2it  detained  at,  xxii,  xxx,  279,  288, 
292,  293,  305,  353  ;  Englishmen  im- 
prisoned there,  xxii,  xxx,  327,  353-354; 
hostile  reception  of  the  Exchange  at, 
xxx,  278,  279,  292,  305,  354;  captured 
by  the  Arabs,  xxx^  351,  352  ;  Governor 
of,  279,  288,  293,  354. 

Agate  hafts  and  trenchers,  95. 

Aghd  Nur.  See  {as  also  in  similar  cases) 
Nur,  Agha. 

Agra,  references  to,  passim  ;  letters  from, 
189,  228,  234,  239,  246,  270,  271  ;  letters 
to,  183  ;  Governor  of,  174,  196  ;  and  the 
succession,  207  ;  debts  at,  228,  239,  248, 
270 ;  factors  at,  see  Bangham,  Cartwright, 
Clement,  Clitherow,  Goodwin  awtfOffley; 
complaints  against,  157,  213,  246  ;  their 
salaries,  314  ;  housing  of  factors  at,  xxiii, 
174,  246;  warehouse  at,  240;  factor}' 
accounts,  306,  327;  trade  at:  in  indigo, 
94,  153,  214,  228,  326;  in  other  com- 
modities, xxx,  62,  63,  90,  150,  153,  176, 
208,  228,  239,  270;  state  of  trade  at,  61, 


62,  189,  228;  supplies  for,  270,  273,  275, 
299;  caravans  from,  xxiv,  xxx,  176,  228, 
234,  247,  269-73,  275,  307;  troubles 
with  the  authorities  at,  xxx,  270  ;  pro- 
posed dissolution  of  the  factory  at,  307  ; 
Shah  Jahan  at,  xxv,  229,  240 ;  present 
from  the  factors  to  him,  228,  229  ;  Dutch 
at,xxx,  90, 189,228,  239,247;  their  Agent 
at,  see  Vapour ;  on  bad  terms  with  the 
English,  246. 

Agulhas,  Cape,  313. 

Ahadis,  32,  33,  34,  60. 

Ahmadabad,  letters  from  and  references  to, 
passim ;  Governor  of,  see  Nahir  Khan 
and  Saif  Khan ;  Diwan  of,  see  Jahan, 
Khwaja  and  Makkl,  Mirza ;  debts  at, 
15O)  155,  215,  221,  232,  235,  270,  299, 
360 ;  factors  at,  see  Fremlen,  Mountney, 
and  Wyche ;  complaint  against,  213; 
their  salaries,  314 ;  factor}'  accounts,  306  ; 
trade  at,  passivi ;  caravans  from,  244  (2), 
245,  246,  249,  269,  274;  dissolution  of 
the  factory  at,  xvii,  150 ;  new  investments 
^t,  155,  326;  minting  of  coins  at,  232; 
currency  at,  xxx,  235,  238,  241 ;  gun- 
powder from,  309 ;  extortions  on  Shah 
Jahan's  behalf  at,  xxv,  191,  206;  in- 
ventory of  household  utensils  at,  360; 
Dutch  at,  90,  III,  189,  215,  222,  231,  326. 

Ahmadnagar.  See  Dabhol,  Deccan,  and 
Xlzam  Shah. 

Ajmer,  308,  327. 

'  Albertine,'  156,  235. 

Aldworth,  Thomas,  244,  314,  345. 

Aleppo,  107. 

AlT.     See  Basra,  Pasha  of. 

All  Hasan,  30. 

All  Mashadi,  30. 

AH  Quli  Mahmud,  30. 

AH  Quli  Sadr,  30. 

All  Razzaq,  171. 

Al  Katlf,  pearl  fisheries  near,  84,  324. 

'Allejas,'  337,  350. 

Almonds,  164,  237. 

Aloes,  63.     See  also  Socotra. 

Altham,  Captain,  252. 

Alum,  97,  118,  128,  131,  148,  180,  343; 
China,  181. 

Amber,  xxxv,  196;  beads,  64,  157,  175, 
196,  299,  326,  334. 


FOSTER  HI 


3^4 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Ambergris,  93. 

Amboyna,  181;  massacre  of,  11,  97;/., 
118,  227;  Dutch  Governor  of,  see  Van 
Speult. 

Amir  (pi.  Umaid),  xxx,  228,  232,  234,  241, 
247,  271. 

Amir  Murad.     See  Murad,  Amir. 

AmTr-ul-Bahr,  34<S. 

Andrews,  Peter,  his  accounts  of  the  Mary's 
voyages,  186,  219,  268;  becomes  master 
of  the  Hart,  268  ;  and  of  the  Hopewell, 
232  ;  his  account  of  the  Harfs  voyage 
from  Surat  to  (iombroon  and  back,  313  ; 
and  to  England,  331. 

Anjidiv,  Hall's  fleet  visits,  259-68. 

Ankleswar,  28,  272  «. 

Anne,  the,  xvi,  xxxiv,  23,  35  (2),  72,  97, 
136)  137  ;  master  of,  see  Goodall  a7id 
Man;  sails  for  England  from  Batavia,  6, 
1 1 ;  voyages  in  search  of,  see  the  Eagle, 
the  Scout,  and  the  Jonas  ;  at  the  Comoro 
Islands,  35,  41  ;  at  Mokha,  75,  82,  88, 
347-9 ;  arrives  at  Swally,  73,  99 ;  refits 
there,  98;  consultation  aboard,  loi  ; 
voyage  to  Persia,  100,  103,  105,  107, 
108(2),  115;  returns  to  Swally,  116, 
117;  voyage  to  Batavia,  123,  125,  126; 
broken  up  there,  139,  160. 

Antelopes,  210,  327. 

Antheunis,  Lucas,  280. 

Antill,  John,  164,  210,  236,  323,  336,  337. 

Antri,  letter  from,  272. 

Arabia,  Indian  trade  to,  57,  72;  the  Bless- 
ings voyage  to,  58,  61  ;  horses  and 
goats  from,  61,71;  weights  and  measures 
of,  355.  See  also  Burum,  Kishin,  Ma- 
kalla,  Masira,  Red  Sea,  and  Shuhair. 

Arabs  assist  the  Portuguese,  84  ;  rebel 
against  the  Turks,  xxx,  351. 

Arakan,  17,  315. 

Ardeas.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Areca  nut,  278,  305. 

Armagon,  183,  223,  278,  324;  letters  from, 

128,  130,  131,  132,  315,  338,339.341. 
346;  Governor  of,  xliv,  xlv,  xlvii,  120, 

129,  131,  134,  343;  settlement  of  a 
factory  at,  xlii,  117,  120-3,  128,  129, 
132-6,  144,  145,  200;  factors  at,  see 
Beverley,  Bix,  Brewen,  Fowkes,  Grove, 
Henley,  Johnson  (Thomas),  atid  Mills ; 
their  salaries,  315  ;  housing  of  factors  at, 
xliv,  129,  131,  134,  135;  goods  saleable, 
&c.  at,  128,  131,  2,11,  341-4,  359;  state 
of  trade  at,  xlviii,  130-2,  315,  343«., 
346,  358,  359;  paintings  and  cotton 
goods  from,  129,  146, 342,  346  ;  currency 
at,  128  ;  minting  of  coins  at,  xliv,  xlviii, 
128,  129,  135,  136,  200,  343;  customs 
duties  at,  xliii,  129,  133;  threatened 
attack  on,  by  a  rebel  chief,  132,  136; 


ordnance  for,  xliv,  132;  fortification  of, 
xxi,  xlv,  xlvii,  xlviii,  135,  342-4,  359; 
soldiers  for,  145,  147,  359;  the  removal 
from  Masulipatam  to,  xlvi,  280-4,  3^2, 
340  ;  negotiations  between  the  Governor 
of  that  place  and  the  factors  at,  xlvii, 
316,  318,  339,  341  ;  supplies  for,  xlv, 
xlvi,  315,  325.  329,  339;  debts  at,  346; 
the  Swallow  at,  xlvi-xlviii,  316,  324, 
339 ;  the  Dutch  hinder  the  negotiations 
and  trade  at,  xliii,  xliv,  12 1-3,  128,  130, 
13I)  133-5,358;  and  seize  native  vessels, 
123  ;  their  exclusion  from  trade  at,  xliv; 
their  courtesy  to  the  English  at,  xlviii, 
344.  346;  Nayak  of,  xliii,  117,  120-3, 
128,  131,  132  (2) ;  presents  for,  xliii,  xlv, 
123,  128,  133,  134,  146,  147;  his  army, 
133;  presents  the  factors  with  a  horse, 
134;  and  grants  them  privileges,  xlviii, 
342  ;  threatened  with  the  loss  of  his 
country,  xlvii-xlviii,  343,  346,  347. 

Armenians,  63,  89,  321. 

Armugam  Mudaliar.  See  Armagon,  Gov- 
ernor of. 

Arrack,  26,  183,  251,  297,  328. 

Arz,  32. 

Asab,  70,  76. 

Asaf  Khan,  xiii,  95,  102,  130,  151,  172, 
173,  i8o«.,  189;?.,  242,  247,  271,  327; 
purchases  from  the  English,  33,  62,  94, 
151,  170,  173,  174;  assists  the  factors, 
59,271;  his  debts,  153;  present  for,  93 ; 
his  illness,  113;  and  Shah  Jahan's  re- 
bellion, 151  ;  imprisoned  by  Mahabat 
Khan,  xix,  152  ;  and  the  succession,  xvii- 
xix,  xxiv,  206,  232,  233;  andthemurder 
of  Shah  Jahan's  rivals,  240-2. 

Aslu,  84. 

Atkins,  William,  289. 

Auditors,  the  Company's,  Wylde's  answers 
to  criticisms  by,  213,  215. 

Aurangzib,  247. 

Austin,  Edward,  his  accounts  of  the  Harfs 
voyages,  185,  187,  267;  and  of  the 
Mary's  voyage  to  Bantam,  299. 

Bacon,  Captain,  161. 

Baftas.     See  Cotton  goods, 

Bagdad,  37,  237. 

Baglan,  176  n. 

Bahar,  102,  348  ;  weight  of,  12. 

Bahrain,  pearl  fisheries  off,  84. 

Bahrawar,  Mlrza,  171  «. 

BakhshT,  232. 

'  Balass  rubies.'     See  Rubies. 

Ball,  Alexander,  289  «.,  302,  303  n. 

Balochi,  162. 

Balor,  176. 

'  Baluchus.'    See  Cotton  goods. 

Ban-chod,  345. 


INDEX 


3*55 


Banda,  i8r. 
Bandar,  323, 

Bandar  Abbasl.  See  Gombroon. 
Bangham,  Edward,  94,  95  ;  at  Batavia,  127, 
Bangham,  John,  xiii,  xvii,  42  ».,  272,  273; 
letters  to, /aj^/w;  letters  from,  78,87(3), 
89,  90,  94,  95,  96  (2),  189,  228,  234,  239, 
246,  270;  his  salary,  1,87  (2),  89,  94, 114; 
complaints  by  and  against,  113,  114, 
138,  139,  162,  T67,  175,  213  ;  his  private 
trade,  86,  87,  113,  149,  167,  168;  acts 
as  Agent  for  other  factors,  74(2),  79,  96, 
116,  127(2),  129,  130,  138,  139,  142, 
162,  167,  169;  his  dissensions  with 
Goodwin,  113;  his  accounts,  171,  247, 
271,  311  ;  imprisoned  at  Surat,  19  ;  goes 
to  Cambay,  73,  78,  86,  87,  95  ;  Agent 
at  Court,  74,  et  seq.;  returns  from  Court, 
xxiii,  170,  174;  at  Surat,  78,  288;  at 
Broach,  79 ;  goes  to  Ahmadabad,  79, 
86  ;  at  '  Cally  Tullawry  ',  89  ;  at  Dun- 
dara,  90;  goes  to  Agra,  xxiv,  89,  127, 
162,  167,  183,  1S9,  196,  228,  234,  239, 
246,  270;  imprisoned  there,  xxx,  270; 
his  return  to  England,  285,  311. 
Bangham,    Nicholas,    i,   94,    142  ;    letter 

to,  95. 
Bangham,  William,  letter  from,  288. 
Banjdrd,  18'jn.,  270. 
'Bankshall,'  318. 

Bantam,  i,  gn.,ii ;  removal  of  the  factory 
from  Batavia  to,  xxxix,  11,  26,  27,  212, 
214,  223,  290,  308,  331  ;  letters  from, 
278,  290,  357;  letters  to,  250,  274,  275, 
276,  290,  299,  315,  323,  328,  338,  339, 
341,  346 ;  President  at,  see  Bix  a?td 
Muschamp;  factors  at,  see  Hoare,  Steel, 
and  Vernworthy  ;  factors  sail  from  Surat 
for,  285;  pepper  from,  227,  305,  327, 
330;  Indian  trade  to,  292,  329;  supplies 
for  and  from,  and  interchange  of  com- 
modities with  Surat,  see  Surat ;  dispatch 
of  ships  to  England  from,  290  ;  English 
ships  at,  xlviii,  278,  290,  299,  305,  327, 
357;  King  of,  327. 
Banyans,  54,  70  (2),  73,  163,  191,  246,  255, 

292. 
Baqir,  Mirza,  249, 
Bard  sauddgar,\io. 

Barber,  Richard,  142, 167,  277,310  ;  letters 
from,  231,  238,  239,  247,  273  ;  at  Baroda, 
209,    231;    his    salary,    315;    to    go    to 
Broach,  335. 
Bardoli,  176. 

Barker,  Thomas,  43,  44,  45,  80,  81  ;  letters 
from,  21,  55,  115,  139  ;  letter  to,  96  ;  in 
Persia,  21,  42  «. ;  becomes  Agent  there, 
78  ;  his  private  trade,  55,  96,  138,  273  ; 
death  of,  209. 
Barker,  William,  288. 


Barkhnrdar  Khan  Alam,  Mirza,  Governor 
of  Bihar,  241. 

Barlow,  Richard,  225,  293,  344. 

Barlow,  Robert,  2  n. 

Barnes,  John,  260. 

Baroda,  letters  from,  231,  238,  239,  247, 
273;  baftas  from,  274;  factors  at,  see 
Barber  a«i/Southaike  ;  salaries  of  factors 
^t,  315  ;  customs  duties  at,  28  ;  invest- 
ment at,  79,  231,  239,  247,  335  ;  caravan 
from,  273,  274;  factory  accounts,  306, 
327;  factory  to  be  continued  at,  326; 
factors  on  bad  terms  with  the  natives  at, 

345; 

Barricada,  49. 

Basavanna,  132. 

'  Base,'  142. 

Basra,  84 ;  besieged  by  Persians,  x,  42  (2) ; 
troops  for,  237;  English  and  Dutch  re- 
fuse to  assist  against,  x,  43  ;  Portuguese 
at,  22  ;  All,  Pasha  of,  22  ;  complains  of 
English  and  Dutch  assistance  given  to 
Persians,  xxxi,  324,  326. 

Bassein,  Portuguese  fleet  off,  xiv,  91  (2^, 
100,  103;  shipbuilding  at,  198;  Shah 
Jahan's  designs  on,  329  n. 

Batavia  {or  Jakatra),  references  to,  passim  ; 
letters  from,  2,  3,  4,  7  (2\  10,  11,  12,  25, 
26,  27,  97,  iiS,  136,  144,  145,  148(3), 
180,  182;  letters  to,  115,  128,  132,  136, 

222  ;  Presidents  at,  see  Brockedon  anci 
Hawley  (Henry);  factors  at,  see  Bix, 
Cockram,  Hawley  (Gabriel),  Muschamp, 
awof Steel;  consultations  at,  2,  4;  com- 
mission for  a  voyage  to  the  Coromandel 
Coast,  8 ;  English  ships  at,  passim ; 
arrival  of  ships  from  England  at,  11,  26, 
118,  144;  dispatch  of  ships  to  England 
from,  6,  II,  41,  290  ;  supplies  from  and 
for,  and  interchange  of  commodities 
with  Surat,  see  Surat ;  want  of  supplies 
at,  26,  27,  145;  goods  in  demand  at, 
148;  slaves  for,  83,  165,  224;  pepper 
from,  35,   212  ;   cloves  from,  150,   209, 

223  ;  merchants  wanted  at,  118  ;  brass 
guns  required  for,  27  ;  Indian  trade  to, 
212,  316;  purchase  of  a  house  from  the 
Dutch  at,  112;  the  Dutch  assist  the 
English  factors  from  Lagundy  {q.v.), 
114;  Dutch  ships  at,  passim;  English 
troubles  with  the  Dutch  at,  xxxviii,  222, 
308 ;  removal  of  the  English  factory 
from,  see  Bantam. 

Bateman,  Robert,  310. 

Batia,  234,  239. 

Baynham,  Edward,  103. 

Beads,  74  ;  cornelian,  209.     See  also  Amber 

a7td  Coral. 
Beale,  Thomas,  at  Mokha,  349 ;  death  of, 

193,  291,305,  352,  353. 


366 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


Bearden,  Philip,  1 20. 

Becker,  Albert,  Dutch  commander  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  46,  80  ;  killed  in  the  en- 
counter with  the  Portuguese,  x,  47,  50, 
53,78,81,85. 

Bedford,  George,  236. 

Beer,  the.     See  Engehche  Beer. 

Begum,  the.     See  Nur  Mahal. 

Bejarone,  Bay  of.     See  Vingeron. 

Bell,  Peter,  24  w.,  76  ;  letter  to,  139. 

Bell,  William,  death  of,  78. 

Bengal,  silk  from,  25  ;  English  granted 
freedom  of  trade  in,  27 ;  Shah  Jahan  in, 
151. 

Benthall,  John,  161,  236,  238 ;  letters 
from,  21,  101(2),  116,  236;  letters  to, 
96,  165;  in  Persia,  21,  42  ti.  ;  his  private 
trade,  74,  96,  114,  116,  129,  130,  139; 
his  salary,  165  ;  leaves  Persia,  244;  sails 
for  England,  277,  295, 

Berbera,  213. 

Bemadine,  Villentin,  127. 

Berriman,  John,  24,  45  ;  letters  from,  loi, 
319;  in  Persia,  loi  ;   his  salary,  163. 

Best,  Nathaniel,  master  of  the  Scout,  288, 

305.  353- 

Betel -nut,  262,  305,  326. 

*  Bethills,'  62,93;  from  Masulipatam,6, 284. 

Beti-chod,  345. 

Beverley,  John,  117;  letter  from,  128;  at 
Armagon,  128,  132. 

Bhadwar,  176. 

Bhairam  Shah,  176. 

Bhilapur,  230. 

Bhimji,  239,  247,  271. 

Biadrue,  212. 

Biana  indigo,  xxxv,  38,  93,  94,  246 ;  price 
of,  63,  208,  335. 

Bickley,  Captain  John  (of  the  Hart),  16, 
65,  355  «. ;  letter  from,  17;  his  voyage 
to  the  Coromandel  Coast,  10,  13. 

Biddulph,  Simon,  285. 

Bihar,  Governor  of.     See  Barkhurdar. 

Bljapur,  diamond  mine  in,  211  ;  pepper, 
&c.,  from,  254,  258,  275  ;  attempt  to 
establish  English  trade  in,  255-9,  ^74, 
275  ;  conditions  demanded,  257  «.,  275  ; 
Nizam  Shah's  designs  on,  193;  native 
trade  to  the  Red  Sea  from,  258;  Portu- 
guese in,  259  ;  King  of  {see  also  Ibrahim 
Adil  Shah  awa^Mahmud  Adil  Shah),  252. 
See  also  '  Congra,'  Lfc. 
Billings,  Richard,  i. 

Bix,  Nicholas,  xxxix,  146;  letters  from, 
338>  341.  346  ;  at  Armagon,  xlvii,  338  ; 
his  private  trade,  148  ;  his  salary,  315. 
Bix,  Richard,  President  at  Bantam,  278; 
letters  from,  182,278,290;  atBatavia,  182. 
Blackden,  Crispin,  112, 127,  162,  211,  243, 
314- 


Blessing,  the,  v-ix,  xxx,  xxxiv,  xxxv,  57, 
60,  85,  114,  168,  219,  250,  251,  287, 
290,  293,  320;  master  of,  see  Slade ; 
armament  of,  32 ;  consultations  aboard, 
197,  300;  at  Svvally,  19,  24,  31,  34, 
35  (2),  39.  40  (2),  50,  51,  58  ;  voyage 
to  the  Arabian  coast,  viii,  58,  61 ;  her 
encounter  with  Portuguese  vessels,  61  ; 
and  the  seizure  of  native  shipping,  59, 
66;  voyage  to  Persia,  21,  22  ;  designed 
for  England,  32,  37,  55,  66  ;  again  at 
Swally,  61,  65,  79,  80;  sails  for  Eng- 
land, vii,  88  ;  voyage  to  India,  xix,  140, 
141,  154;  at  the  attack  on  Bombay, 
142-4 ;  second  voyage  to  Persia,  xxi, 
xxii,  164-7 )  voyage  from  Swally  to 
Batavia  and  back,  xxii,  177-9,  ^81  ; 
returns  to  Swally,  185,  187,  215  ;  second 
voyage  to  Batavia,  xxvi,  215-17,  223; 
at  Bantam,  278  ;  to  go  again  to  England, 
227,  2S5,  29T,  303;  returns  to  Swally, 
263-9,    285,   305;    voyage  to  England, 

312,  314,  324.  329,  333- 
Blewe,  John,  314. 
Bloodstones,  62,  93,  327. 
Blyth,  Captain  Richard,  26,  100 ;  voyage 
of  his  fleet  to  India,  103,  154;  encounter 
with  the  Portuguese,  xv-xvi,  loi,  102, 
105,    107,    114,     115,    137,    139,    140; 
voyage  to  Persia,  xxii,   164;  complaint 
against,  115,  236. 
Bombay,  key  to  map  of,  xx  «. ;  accounts  of 
the    attack    on,   xx,    142-4,    155,    216, 
217;  proposed  Anglo-Dutch  occupation 
of,  xxi,   159;   suggested  English  settle- 
ment at,  xxi,  xxvi,  197  ;  descriptions  of, 
197-200,  217,  219,  220,  243  ;  salt  manu- 
facture at,   219;    Portuguese   ships   off, 
xvi,    99,    111,    112,    123,    137;    vessels 
wrecked  near,  xiv,  99;  Portuguese  and 
the    fortification    of,    xxi ;   their  plot   to 
decoy  the  English  to,  xxvii,  249,  262. 
Bombay  Rock.     See  Mombarrique. 
Bommel,  the,  182,  275,  353. 
Boothby,  Richard,  letters  from,  290,  299, 
323,  325,  328,  .344;  at  Surat,  285,  299, 
303,    310  ;    his   salary,    314 ;    to   go   to 
Baroda,  327,  335;  he  complains  of  his 
removal,  328,  340;  accusations  against, 
xxxii,  340  ;  his  reply,  344-5. 
Borges,  Francisco,  50  «.,  86. 
Borneo,  gold  from,  181. 
IJotelho,  Jeronimo,  50;;. 
Botelho,  Nuno    Alvarez,    xiv,    99,    298  ; 
Portuguese  Admiral  in  the  Persian  Gulf, 
X,  50,  86 ;  wounded   in  the  fights  with 
the  Anglo-Dutch  fleet,  50  w. ;  his  chal- 
lenge to  the  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  at  Surat, 
xiv,  104,  139;  acts  as  Viceroy  of  Goa, 
xxxiv  ;  death  of,  xx  n. 


INDEX 


Z^l 


Brahman,  12 1-3,  128,  133. 

'Braules'     (piece    goods).       See    Cotton 


Bread,  complaint  as  to  quality  of,  83. 

Brethers,  Thomas,  24. 

Brewen,  George,  xlvii,  280,  341,  346; 
letters  from,  315,339;  letters  to,  148(3); 
his  salary,  315;  to  be  chief  at  Tanjur,  4, 
9;  returns  to  Batavia,  iS;  goesto^Iasu- 
lipatam,  xlv,  xhn,  146,  148 ;  at  Armagon, 
315;  at  Masulipatam,  316;  returns  to 
Bantam,  xhii,  341 ;  acts  as  Agent  for 
various  factors,  148. 

Brimstone,  128,  180,  181,  343,  344. 

Brinco,  130. 

Broach,  letters  from,  190,  229,  230,  231, 
233>  234,  238.  244  (2),  245,  248,  249, 
269,  272,  274;  letters  to,  79;  Governor 
of,  see  Yaqub  Khan ;  broker  at,  see 
Pangue ;  factors  at,  see  Martin,  Shuker, 
and  West ;  salaries  of  factors  at,  315; 
factory  accounts,  306,  327  ;  the  English 
granted  freedom  of  trade  at,  27  ;  customs 
duties  at,  2S,  32,  272,  274;  custom-house 
at,  249 ;  extortions  from  the  factors  at, 
190,  191  ;  dissolution  of  the  factory, 
190,  191  ;  state  of  trade  at,  230,  231, 
234,  244;  decision  to  re-establish  the 
factory  at,  326  ;  new  investment  at,  335  ; 
baftas  from,  224,  230,  231,234;  calicoes 
from,  62,  227;  Dutch  at,  191,  230.  See 
also  Gelijnsz. 

Broadcloth,  102,  180,  325,  357;  trade  in, 
XXXV,  61,  63,  150,  151,  156,  172,  196, 
228,  350;  price  of,  335.  See  also  Stam- 
mell. 

Brockedon,  Thomas,  President  at  Batavia, 
4;  letters  from,  4,  7(2),  10,  11,  12,  25, 
26,  27. 

Brothers  Island,  70. 

Brown,  Captain  Christopher  (of  the  IVil- 
liani),  XX,  18,  154,  186,  249;  letters 
from,  6,  244  (2),  245,  247,  248  (2),  249, 
269,  274,  276  (5) ;  at  consultations,  32  «., 
34  «.,  168;  instructed  to  seize  native 
vessels,  21 ;  complaint  against,  295,  320  ; 
voyage  to  Persia,  xxii,  164;  and  to 
England,  277. 

Browne,  Roger,  75. 

'  Bulgar '  hides,  175. 

Bull,  the,  xxxiv,  11,  118. 

Bmhanpur,  xiii,  xvii,  78,  162,  241 ;  trade 
at,  150  ;  death  of  ParwTz  at,  xix,  153. 

Burt,  William,  162,  168;  letters  from,  150, 
168,  236,  288,  319;  at  Surat,  150;  sails 
for  Persia  as  Agent,  xxii,  164,  165;  in 
Persia,  236,  28S,  319;  accusations 
against,  321,  325.  327,  336-8. 

Burum,  the  Scout  at,  70-2. 

Butler,  Kenelm,  67. 


Butter,  10  (2),  12,  48,  316,329;  packing 

of,  13;  English,  344. 
'  Byrams.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

'  Caddees.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Cadjafi,  143. 

Caffila  (coin),  71,  355.     See  also  Caphila. 

'  Cainegoulons.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Cairo,  trade  between  Mokha  and,  349,  350, 

352. 
Cairo  (coir",  13,  104,  147. 
Calfe,  John,  314. 
Calheta,  259. 

Calicoes.  See  Cotton  goods. 
Calico  Lawns.  See  Bethills. 
Calicut,  75. 

Calitore  [or  Kistnapatam),  33S. 
'  Cally  TullawT}','  89,  90. 
Cambay,  English  granted  freedom  of  trade 

in,  27  ;  factors  go  to,  230  (2),  231,  233  ; 

junk  of,  72  ;  Portuguese  shipping  to  and 

from,  179  ;  Governor  of,  see  5llr  Musa. 
Ca.vae\s,  passim. 
Camlets,  22,  349,  350. 
Camphor,  26. 

Candy  (weight),  123,  245,  258,  318,  346. 
'  Cannacanee '  Islands,  70. 
Cannanore,  King  of,  invites  English  trade, 

261. 
'  Cannikins.'     See  Cotton  goods. 
'  Can",'  letter  from,  183. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  23,  24,  41 ;  English 

ships   at,  35   (2),    114,    150,   203.     See 

also  Table  Bay. 
Caphila    {qafila),    references   to,  passim ; 

term  explained,  28  ;  robbery  of,  90,  192, 

194,  210;  de  Calheta,  259. 
Cardamomum  seeds,  262. 
Carpenters,  ships',   27  ;  want  of,  in  India, 

85- 
Carpets,  79,  93,  138,  209.     See  also  Persia. 
Caro,  131. 
'Carrera,'  342. 

Carter,  John,  24  w.,  76,  78;?.,  290,  340,  344. 
Cartwright,  John,  4,  9,  196. 
Cartwright,   Ralph,   170,   210,    327,    330; 

letters  from,   1S9,  228,   234,    239,    246, 

270,  271  ;  at  Agra,  xxx,  1S9  ;  his  salary, 

228,  314. 
*  Carvell,'  214. 
'  Casanna.'     See  Khazdna. 
'  Cassadees.'     See  Cotton  goods. 
Catamaran,  284. 
Cavalleiro,  232. 

Cavidall,  22,  155,  200,  225,  294. 
'  Cettora,'  253. 

Chamberlain,  Richard,  209,  292. 
Chandragiri  Raja  ('  King  of  the  Gentewes  '), 

xlviii,  346. 
Chapman,  Edward,  315. 


368 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Charles,  Prince  (afterwards  King),  xxii,  26, 

85. 

Charles,  Cuthbert,  314. 

Charles,  the,  26 ;  master  of,  see  Swan  and 
Weddell ;  at  Batavia,  25,  26,  27; 
voyage  to  India,-  xxxiii,  355-7;  and 
from  Surat  to  Gombroon  and  back,  xxxiv, 
361,  362. 

Charles  Islands.     See  Lagundy. 

Chaiiktddr,  32. 

Chaul,  31 ;  capture  of  vessels  from,  36,  39, 
58,  60,  105  ;  restitution  of,  \ii,  66,  67, 
102  ;  restrictions  on  native  trade  from,  3  ; 
plans  for  seizure  of  shipping  from,  20, 
75  ;  junks  of,  atShuhair,  71  ;  Portuguese 
ships  off,  166  ;  and  wrecked  near,  104. 

Chait  fankJ,  1 49  7i. 

Chawders,  350. 

'  Checkeen.'     See  Sequin. 

'  Chelas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Cheshire,  James,  261. 

Chester,  John,  67. 

Chkdp,  xlviii,  32,  190,  202. 

Chhappar,  240. 

Chilambaram,  temple  at,  14  n. 

China  alum,  181 ;  cloth  of  gold,  74,  130  ; 
damasks,  130;  roots,  181. 

Chinese  at  war  with  the  Dutch,  11 ;  junks 
at  Batavia,  178. 

'  Chints.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

ChitthI,  191. 

Christiaenshaz'e)t,\h&  (Danish  ship),  136  «. 

Christopher,  the,  xx,  xxx,  2S7,  290,  303, 
305)  327.  330,  359;  voyage  to  India, 
125,  126,  143,  144,  150,  155  ;  dispatched 
to  ijatavia,  178,  180,  216;  at  Bantam, 
278;  returns  to  Swally,  262-9,  285; 
voyage  to  Persia,  285,  301,  312-14; 
and  to  Bantam,  xxxii,    293,    304,    323, 

331-4,  3.57- 

'  Chuckree,'  93. 

Chundm  (plaster  of  Paris),  10,  S3. 

Chiingani  (junkan),  131,  318. 

Churl,  94,  III. 

Cinnamon,  the,  278. 

Clark,  Charles,  225,  276. 

Clement,  Gregory,xxx,  114,  124,  125,  144, 
160,  162,  196,  247,  299,  310;  letters 
from,  89,  183,  189,  228,  234,  239,  246, 
270,  271  ;  history  of,  xxiii  «. ;  sails  for 
India,  24  «. ;  his  salar)%  314  ;  his  private 
trade,  79,  145,  211 ;  supersedes  OfHey  at 
Agra,  xxiii,  xxiv,  170,  228;  imprisoned 
there,  xxx,  270. 

Clevenger,  Captain  (of  the  Jonas),  xi,  24  «., 
44.  73.  75.  291  ;  at  Mokha,  347-9 ; 
imprisoned  there,  102,  34S  ;  at  consulta- 
tions aboard  ship,  32^.,  34^.,  68,  96, 
98,  loi,  III;  his  voyages  to  Batavia,  76 ; 
to  succour  the  Anne  at  Mokha,  76 ;  to 


assist  the  ships  from  England,  97 ;  to 
Persia,  105  ;  and  to  England,  123. 

Clitherow,  Robert,  xxx,  74,  112,  113,  162, 
183,  196;  letters  from,  228,  234,  239, 
246,  272,  273 ;  his  accusations  against 
Goodwin,  130  ;  at  Agra,  228  ;  complaints 
against,  271;  his  return  to  England, 
285,311. 

Coaster,  the,  290 ;  arrives  at  Batavia  from 
England,  11  ;  sails  for  Jambi,  11. 

Cochin,  capture  of  a  junk  of,  77,  78,  S3; 
Hall's  fleet  visits,  xxviii,  261,  268  ;  de- 
scription of,  261 ;  Portuguese  at,  325  ; 
Bishop  of,  xxxiv,  311  «. 

Cockram,  Joseph,  and  the  attempt  to  settle 
a  factory  at  Tanjur,  xl,  4,  7,  8,  12,  14, 
15,  iS. 

Coco-mit,  the,  265,  278,  285,  290,  305; 
renamed  the  Little  James  {g.v.),  293. 

Coco-nut  fibre  (coir).     See  Cairo. 

Coco-nuts,  31,  61,  262,  305;  used  for 
packing  quicksilver,  156. 

Coen,  Jan  Pieterszoon,  184,  185. 

Coffee,  XXXV  ;  price  of,  213. 

Coins,  minting  of  i^see  also  Armagon  and 
Surat),  xxxv;  values  of  various,  155,  156, 
213,  235,  326;  importation  of,  into  India, 
xxxv,  196;  calling  in  of  certain,  xxx, 
241. 

Coir.     See  Cairo. 

Colbach,  James,  145. 

Collins,  John,  344. 

Comb-cases,  79 ;  for  presents,  38. 

Comorin,  Cape,  78,  79. 

Comoro  Islands  {including  Johanna,  Ma- 
yotta  and  Mohilla),  references  to,  pas- 
sirn  ;  accounts  of  cruises  to,  xxvii,  223, 
250-69 ;  English  ships  at,  passim ; 
King  of  Mohilla,  104,  184;  his  vessels 
exempted  from  capture,  109 ;  given  a 
ring  to  seal  passes,  104. 

Coney  (Dassen)  Island,  25,  184,  185,  217. 

'  Congra,'  254,  255,  268. 

'  Connamotta,'  Governor  of,  15. 

Conserves,  235,  246. 

Coolies,  10  (2),  129,  132.     See  also  Kolis. 

Cooper,  Captain,  19. 

Cooper,  Richard,  244. 

Copper,  7«.,  64  ;  from  Japan,  181. 

Copra,  305. 

Coral,  xxxv,  55,  57,  97,  102,  118,  I47,  156, 
212,  258,  344;  sale  of,  90,  150,  175, 
196,  297,  310,  325,  326,  334;  beads, 
210.     See  also  Surat. 

Gorge,  92. 

Coromandel  Coast,  dispatch  of  ships  for, 
II,  13,  18,  41,  290;  goods  from:  de- 
cline in  value  of,  6 ;  complaint  as  to 
condition  of,  12  ;  withdrawal  of  English 
trade  from,   280  ;   Dutch  trade  on,   18, 


INDEX 


3^9 


fi7>.  346,  358  ;  their  troubles  with  the 
natives,  67 ;  Danes  trade  on,  342 ;  they 
claim  monopoly  of  trade  on,  14,  See 
also  Armagon,  Karikal,  Masulipatam, 
Negapatam,Pulicat,  Tanjur,  Tegnapatam, 
Tranquebar,  &c 

'Corrado  '  (or  '  Caradoe  '),  Dominico,  236, 
319- 

Cotton,  Sir  Dodmore,  xxii-xxiii «.,  xxxi, 
187,  207,  216,  225,  237. 

Cotton  goods  and  calicoes,  trade  in  aW 
references  to,  passim ;  '  ardeas,'  1 1 ; 
baftas,  II,  62,  180,  224,  230,  231,  234, 
274;, purchase  of,  92,  209,  241;  '  bala- 
chns,'  10;  'braules,'  11 ;  '  b3Tams,'  11; 
'caddees,'  11;  '  caingonlons,'  10,  342; 
'cannikins,'  11,  350;  'cassadees,'  11  ; 
'  chelas,'  10;  '  chints,'  11  ;  dimities,  62, 
93;  'dragams,'  10;  dutties,  11,  62,  80, 
92,  209,  236,  241,  350;  'gageas,'  11  ; 
'gebadees,'  11 ;  'hussanees,'  11 ;  'ma- 
vies,'  12:  'mussafees,'  11 ;  'mnttfones,' 
II;  'nicanees,'  11,  62,  92,  326;  'nnries,' 
11,209;  'patolas,'  ir,  326,330;  'per- 
callas,'  6,  284;  perpetuanoes,  156,  180, 
325.  335;  'pilgars,'  II;  'quesos,'  93, 
326;  '  rambuttans,'  10;  salampores,  6, 
284;  'sallas'  ('selas'  or  '  sallowes '), 
II,  62;  'samadramoores,'  10;  'semeanes,' 
62,  93,  153;  'serassas,'  10,  11 ;  « seri- 
baffs, '  II,  350;  seryas,  62,  92;  '  sur- 
salles,'63;  'tape  chindes,'  10,  11,  284; 
*  tapsiles,'  1 1,  93  ;  '  trickandees,'  1 1  ; 
'tnreas'  (or  doriyds),  11,  i2«. ;  com- 
plaint as  to  quality  of,  &c.,  62  ;  restric- 
tions on  purchase  of,  63  ;  for  ships'  sails, 
78,  248;  popularity  of,  in  England, 
xxxvi.  See  also  Armagon,  Dabhol, 
Masulipatam,  Petapoli,  Pondicherri,  and 
Tegnapatam. 

Cottonwool,  62,  80,  87,  210,  212,  309, 
328,  331,  350,  351,  357  ;  price  of,  245. 

Cotton  yam,  xxx\-i,  64,  181,  209,  231,  234, 
239>  244j  326. 

Couch,  Leonard,  315. 

Couland  {or  Cowlan),  Peter,  master  of  the 
Eagle,  265,  302  ;  at  consultations  aboard 
ship,  289,  300,  303. 

Coulton,  John,  327. 

Coruado,  87,  173,  191,  247,  335,  355. 

Cownes,  104. 

Crane,  Sir  Francis,  sale  of  tapestry  for,  64, 
87  (2\  127,  151,  1-5,  213,  313. 

Cranganore,  166. 

Crosby,  Henry,  xv. 

Cuddalore.     See  Tegnapatam. 

'  Cuddy,'  77. 

Cufe,  Henry,  344, 

'  CuUwoU,'  90. 

'  Cumbarque,'  Cape,  49,  166. 


Bb 


Currants,  48. 

Customs  duties  (including  caravan  tolls) 
in  India,  viii,  xl,  xliii,  15,  19,  28,  32,  37, 
59>  129,  133,  175,  179,  ic,2,  230,  272, 
273.  274,  282,  283,  307,  318;  in  Per- 
sia, 21,  22,  37,  42,  44,  88,  161,  165,  182, 
188  309,  319,  321,  322,  323,  325;  at 
Mokha,  354;  defraudmg  of,  236,  321  ; 
punishment  for,  163,  165  ;  fanning  of,  at 
Surat,  195. 

Da  Gama,  Dom  Francisco,  311  n. 

Dabbak,  13. 

Dabhol,  24,  217;  Governor  of  {see  also 
Murad  Beg)  complains  against  Captain 
Hall,  31 ;  refuses  to  allow  the  English 
to  trade  at,  243 ;  pepper  from,  62,  64, 
214;  cotton  goods  from,  64 ;  restrictions 
on  native  trade  from,  3 ;  claim  against 
merchants  of  ('  Decannees '),  193 ; 
seizure  of  native  shipping  from,  20,  75, 
I05>  116,  302  ;  English  ships  at,  31,  219, 
242,  274;  attack  on  junks  at,  xxviii,  253, 
262,  266-8;  act  of  oblivion  demanded 
for,  257 «.;  proposed  establishment  of 
a  factory  at,  xxvi,  31,  36,  64,  116,  192; 
trade  at,  158  ;  Portuguese  prevent  English 
trade  at,  xxvi,  219,  250. 

D  of  tar,  127. 

Dal,  48  n. 

Dale,  Thomas,  120. 

Daman,  23  (2),  69 ;  English  ships  off,  40, 
73,  218,  219;  they  attempt  to  capture 
Portuguese  vessels,  xxvi,  218,  219;  Por- 
tuguese fleet  off,  73,  99,  155;  fight  off, 
loi,  102,  103  ;  shipbuilding  at,  85,  198, 
218  ;  Shah  Jahan's  designs  on,  xxxii, 
328,  330. 

Damasks,  74,  128,  130,  134, 

Damka,  288. 

Danda,  24. 

Danda  Rajpuri,  xx^-i,  24,  248,  252 «.; 
Governor  of,  see  Habashi  Khan;  junks 
of,  192  ;  English  ships  at,  xxvii,  219, 
220,  243,  253,  262,  263,  266-8.  Seealso 
Janjira. 

Danes  accused  of  enticing  away  English 
sailors,  16;  their  ships  assist  the  Rose, 
136,  145.  See  also  Coromandel  Coast, 
Macassar,  Masulipatam,  Mauritius,  and 
Pondicherri. 

Darab  Khan,  95, 

Dara  Shikoh,  247. 

Darbar,  93,  247. 

Darby,  John,  31,  51-54,  76,  125;  his 
death,  218. 

Daroghd,  28,  29. 

Darrell,  Henry,  66. 

Daskat  {dast-khat),  32. 

Dassen  Island,  25,  184,  1S5,  217. 


37° 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Dasturt,  32  «.,  33,  92,  221. 

Dates,  39,  61,  72. 

David,  the  (Dutch  ship),  125,  126,  346. 

Davis,  David,  his  accounts  of  the  attack 
on  Bombay,  143,  and  of  the  Discovery  s 
voyages,  141,  166,  177,  179;  transferred 
to  the  Hart,  I  So ;  accounts  of  her 
voyages,  187,  262,  312,  332. 

Davis,  Robert  (master  of  the  Richard),  36. 

Da-vison,  Robert,  288,  314. 

Dawa,  233. 

Dawar  Bakhsh,  Shahzada  (Saltan  BulaqT), 
xiii,  xvii,  95,  153,  206 ;  proclaimed 
Emperor,  xxiv-xxv,  226 ;  reported  to 
have  submitted  to  Shah  Jahan,  231  ; 
rewarded  by  him,  232  ;  his  cause  espoused 
by  certain  nobles,  232,  233 ;  murder  of, 
xxix,  240,  242. 

De  Andrade,  Ruy  Freire,  xv,  50,  137,  140, 
I79j  238;  blockades  Ormus,  ix,  39,40, 
80,  84, 

De  Coste,  Thomas,  243,  254,  255,  258,  268, 
303,  320. 

De  Noronha,  Miguel,  Conde  de  Linhares, 
xxxiv. 

De  Paiva,  Emanuel,  1 30, 1 70, 189,211,213. 

De  Paiva,  Jeronimo,  xxi,  222,  243,  252, 
255,  262,  285,  301,  325,  327. 

Deccan,  the,  262 ;  King  of,  see  Nizam 
Shah  ;  capture  of  shipping  of,  29,  298  ; 
claim  for  restitution,  102  ;  pepper,  &c., 
from,  90,  94,  157,  158,  212  ;  Shah  Jahan 
in,  xxiv,  151,  161,  171,  204.  See  also 
Ahmadnagar,  Bljapur,  &c. 

Dedel,  Jacob,  13  ;  death  of,  17. 

Defence,  Treaty  of,  6. 

Delhi,  90. 

Delly,  Motmt,  125;  English  ships  at, 
xxviii,  261-8,  331-3. 

Denmark,  King  of,  14. 

Desal,  176. 

Devgad  River,  xxviii,  254. 

Dhaita,  176. 

DhanjI,  34,  94,  228,  240. 

Dholka  dutties,  92,  209,  236. 

Diamond,  the,  11,  13,  18. 

Diamonds,  12,  211  ;  mine  in  Golconda, 
see  Kollur.     See  also  Bijapur. 

Dildsd,  32  «.,  34,  190. 

Dimities.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Discovery,  the,  xxxv,  11,  168,  179,  181, 
185,  187,  295,  346;  master  of,  see  Vian  ; 
sails  for  Batavia,  64 ;  voyage  to  India, 
xix,  140,  141  ;  at  the  attack  on  Bombay, 
142-4;  voyage  to  Persia  and  back,  xxi, 
xxii,  164-6 ;  casualties  on,  166,  167 ; 
voyage  to  Batavia  and  back,  xxii,  177  (2), 
178,  179;  and  to  England,  xxvi,  208, 
217;  second  voyage  to  India,  xxxiii, 
355-7  ;  and  to  Persia,  xxxiv,  361-2. 


Diu,  junks  of,  69,  71 ;  English  and  Dutch 
ships  at,  91,  92;  Portuguese  at,  72; 
their  fleet  off,  xx,  155  ;  Shah  Jahan's 
designs  on,  xxxii,  327,  328,  330. 

Diul-Sind,  179;  settlement  of  claim  of 
merchants  of,  173;  junks  of,  54,  71,  72. 

Dlwan,  174,  176,  189,  232,  241. 

Dod,  John,  12  (2). 

Dogs,  291,  329;  for  presents,  34,  327. 

Dollar,  22,  71;  value  of,  62,  156,  213; 
Lion  (of  Holland),  155  ;  Rix,  Venetian, 
and  Zealand,  156.  See  also  Rial  of 
eight. 

Dolphin,  the,  xxxiv,  xxxv,  26,35,67, 103  «., 
139,  168,  181,  251,  295,  308,  346; 
master  of,  see  Wills ;  consultation 
aboard,  i ;  at  Swally,  185,  187  ;  voyage 
to  England,  v,  6,  55  ;  and  to  India,  xx, 
103-5,  140,  143,  154;  encounter  with 
the  Portuguese,  xv,  91,  102,  114,  115, 
137,  140,  163;  voyage  to  Persia,  xxi, 
xxii,  164;  and  to  Batavia  and  back, 
xxii,  177,  178,  179;  second  voyage  to 
England,  xx\n,  169,  208,  217. 

'  Dongee.'     See  Dhanji. 

Dordrecht,  the.     See  Maagd  van  Dort. 

Doriyd.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Dove,  the,  217,  218,  290. 

Dover,  James,  2S8. 

'  Dragams.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Dud,  32  «.,  34. 

Dud  taslim,  93. 

Dubler,  John,  218. 

Ducat,  Barbary,  156;  Hungary,  156,  235. 

Duke,  Matthew,  12,  360. 

Dundara,  letter  from,  90. 

Dunkirkers,  313,  355. 

Dunscombe,  Clement,  314. 

Dury,  John,  306. 

Dutch,  the,  references  to,  passim;  letter 
from,  2 ;  letter  to,  6 ;  complain  against 
Mills,  5  ;  complaints  against,  6,  18,  20, 
2/)  57.  133.  135.  294,  308;  suspected 
of  hostile  intentions,  298 ;  at  war  with 
the  Chinese,  11  ;  depredations  in  the 
South  Seas,  117;  and  on  Portuguese 
shipping,  315  ;  carry  goods  and  letters 
for  the  English,  xlvi,  13,  118,  119,  308, 
341  ;  ship  goods  on  English  vessels,  73  ; 
trade  in  indigo,  63,  11 1,  189,  208,  228, 
307,  326;  and  in  saltpetre,  90;  sail  in 
company  with  the  English,  passim ;  to 
share  captures  or  losses  with  them,  77, 
78  ;  mint  coins,  129 ;  a  merchant  in  the 
service  of  the  Turks,  351,  352.  See  also 
Batavia,  Coromandel  Coast,  Mokha, 
Persia,  &c. 

Dutch  East  India  Company,  2  n. ;  directors 
of  ('  Majores  '),  99. 

Dutties.     See  Cotton-goods. 


INDEX 


371 


Dyott,  Simon,  146. 


Eagle,  the,  23(2),  35  (2),  40,  54,  61,  68, 
75>  330 ;  master  of,  see  Couland,  Johnson, 
atid  Man  ;  appointments  to,  24  ;  her 
voyage  to  India,  23  ;  in  search  of  the 
A  tine,  ix,  31,  61,  79 ;  and  to  Persia  and 
back,  40,  53,  54,  85;  captures  Portuguese 
and  native  vessels,  24,  31,  39  (2),  50,  61, 
79 ;  designed  for  England,  38  ;  in  the 
encounters  with  the  Portuguese,  xi,  47- 
54,  81 ;  casualties  on,  50,  53,  85  ;  her 
armament,  50;  supplies  for,  68;  voyage 
to  Achin  and  Batavia,  xii,  65,  68,  76, 
77(2),  82,  119,  178,  216;  sails  for 
England,  290 ;  abandons  her  homeward 
voyage,  xxix,  263-9,  291  ;  to  go  again 
to  Persia  and  Bantam,  2S5,  291,  293, 
302,  304;  voyage  to  Persia,  312-4; 
and  to  Bantam,  xxxii,  323,  331-4,  357. 

Eaglesfield,  Samuel,  287,  315. 

East  India  Company,  references  and  letters 
to,  passim  ;  and  the  suppression  of  private 
trade  {q.v.),  xxxvii,  13  ;  and  the  importa- 
tion of  money  into  India,  196;  advised 
to  separate  from  the  Dutch,  212,  223; 
new  subscriptions,  xxxiii. 

Eaton,  William,  97,  98,  106,  iii,  124. 

Ebony  wood,  31,  38,  68,  69. 

Eduardo,  Signor,  170. 

Eendracht ,  the,  109. 

Elephants,  133,  134. 

Elephants'  teeth  (Ivory),  xxxv,  156,  196, 
326;  sale  of,  63,  175. 

Elizabeth,  the,  6,  11. 

Elliott,  Peter,  298  ;  letter  from,  274. 

Ellis,  Captain,  332,  333. 

Emeralds,  trade  in,  33,  73,  79,  87  (2),  95, 
127,  175,  196,  247,  271 ;  value  of,  89. 

Enamel,  113,  130. 

Engano,  177,  178,  299. 

Engelscht  Beer,  the,  91,  109,  16S,  350  «. 

Escritoire,  134,  361. 

Escrivdo,  121,  133. 

Evans,  Andrew  (master  of  (i)  the  Scout, 
(ii)  the  Hart),  24  w.,  44,  69,  76,  184, 
258,  302,  337  ;  letter  from,  274;  instruc- 
tions for  various  voyages,  69,  97,  109; 
at  consultations  aboard  ship,  101,  287, 
289,  300.  333 ;  bis  death,  332,  333. 

*  Ewall '  {or  '  Ewe  '),  125,  126. 

Exchange,  the,  xxviii,  xxxv,  178,  182,  185, 
245,  248,  262,  287,  290,  296,  304,  320, 
353 ;  captain  of,  see  Morton ;  sails  for 
England,  6,  11  ;  outward  voyage  to 
Batavia,  125,  126,  144,  150,  155;  at 
Batavia,  178;  voyage  to  Surat,  xxii,  178, 
179,  216  ;  and  to  Persia,  xxiii,  179,  1S6, 
187,  216,  220;  designed  for  England, 
227,  285,  291,  303;    at  Swally,  263-9, 

B 


285  ;  voyage  to  the  Red  Sea,  xxx,  249, 
250.  275;  visits  Aden,  xxx,  278,  279, 
288,  292,  305,  354  ;  consultation  aboard, 
289;  second  voyage  to  England,  312-4, 

324>  329.  333- 

Exchange,  rate  of,  270,  273. 

Expedition,  the,  xxxv,  224,  251,  293(2}, 
295,  299,  304;  master  of,  see  Watts; 
voyage  to  India,  284  ;  at  Swally,  xxix, 
263-9 ;  to  go  to  Persia,  285,  302  ;  ac- 
count of  the  voyage,  312-4;  voyage  to 
England,  xxxi,  324,  331-4. 

Factors,  want  of,  in  India,  38,  39,  65,  160, 
161,210;  salaries  of,  63,  314;  allowance 
for  homeward  voyage  of,  73  ;  complaint 
as  to  their  salaries,  &c.,  308. 

Facy,  John,  letter  from,  i. 

FadJe,  John,  344. 

'  Falcon,'  143. 

Falcon,  the,  xvi,  136,  137  ;  master  of,  see 
Pinder,  Price,  and  Wills ;  voyage  to 
India,  xv,  103-S ;  captures  a  junk,  104, 
III,  114;  voyage  to  Persia  and  back, 
106-9,  "i>  "2,  114,  116,  117,  155; 
and  to  Masulipatam,  xlv,  123-6  ;  at 
Masulipatam,  136;  at  Batavia,  144,  145, 
178,  216. 

Fall,  William,  278  «.,  291,  304,  311,  326, 

349- 
Fals  {■^\.fiilus),  71. 
Fanams,  128,  129,  135. 
Fanics,  361. 
Farhat  Khdni,  63. 
Faridabad,  letter  from,  177. 
Farmdn,  passim  ;  term  explained,  32  «. 
Fdrsala,  355. 
Fatydd,  33. 

Fath,  the.  Shah  Jahan's  junk,  301,  309. 
Fiorino,  Sebastiano,  170,  220,  223. 
Fireships,  49,   82,  162 ;   used  against  the 

Portuguese,  xi,  48,  51-4,  81. 
Fisher,  Lawrence,  178  «.,  225. 
Floris,  Pieter  W.,  280. 
Fort  St.  David.     See  Tegnapatam. 
Fortune,  the,  xlvii,  316. 
Fowkes,  Arthur,  146,  315,  317,  318;  letter 

from,  339. 
Fox,  Robert,  his  accounts  of  the  voyages  of 

the  Royal  fames,  23,  39,  55,  77,  91,  107, 

116,  125. 
Fremlen,  William,  letters  from,  229,  231, 

235,  241,  242,  244,  245,  270,  273,  275; 

at  Broach,   229;    at  Ahmadabad,   231; 

his  salary,  314,  327. 
Friday,  Rev.  Thomas,  letter  from,  139. 
Friesland,  the,  17. 
Frobisher,  Mrs.,  9. 
Fursland,  Richard,  death  of,  il. 
Futter,  Francis,  xli,  5,  12. 

2 


yi'^ 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


'  Gageas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Gallias,  the  (Dutch  ship),  346. 

Galls,  322. 

GandevI,  23,  100,  248;  dutties,  209. 

Garlick,  Richard,  302. 

Garshasp,  murder  of,  xxix,  240,  242. 

*  Gebadees.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Gelijnsz.,  WoUebrant,  191. 

Gelly,   David,  65,    69(2),    106,   107;    at 
Shuhair,  70 ;  his  journey  overland  from 
Burum  to  Mokha,  70,  71. 
'Gera'   (red  earth),    188,   237,    244,   302, 
320. 

Ghntdrin  Islets,  70. 

Gibson,  William,  79,  210;  goes  to  England, 
66 ;  returns  to  India,  142 ;  letters  from, 
182,  319  ;  sails  for  Persia,  164 ;  at 
Gombroon,  182. 

Gingeli,  315,  316. 

Ginger,  93,  230,  258,  260,  326. 

Glanvill,  John,  imprisoned  at  Surat,  19; 
and  the  seizure  of  native  shipping,  &c.j 
20,  21  ;  his  return  to  England,  211. 

Glascock,  Henry,  310,  314. 

Globe,  the,  xxxiv. 

Goa,  Portuguese  at,  9 ;  their  fleet  there, 
3I)  79>  87>  88,  29S,  320;  shipbuilding 
at,  260  ;  capture  of  a  Portuguese  ship  of, 
31 ;  Viceroy  of  {see  also  Da  Gama,  De 
Noronha,  and  Mascarenos),  xxi,  xxxiv, 
50,  306,  311,  320,  329;  his  threat  to 
ruin  the  English  and  Dutch  trade,  303, 
312;  English  ships  off,  xxviii,  177,  259- 
68  ;  description  of,  259. 

Goats,  71. 

Goche,  Dr.  Henry,  323,  327,  337. 

Goede  Fortuin,  the,  xx,  91,  109,  150, 
350 11. 

Goerie  {or  Gorie),  Adriaan  Willems,  13. 

Gogha,  27. 

Golconda,  xli,  xlvii,  5,  6,  317;  diamond 
mine  in,  see  KoUur  ;  King  of,  339  ;  his 
claim  against  the  English,  66,  67. 

Gold,  trade  in,  131,  148,  221,  230,  231, 
242,  295,  296,  326,  343  ;  importation  of, 
into  India,  155,  213,  334,  346;  desired 
in  place  of  rials,  66,  128,  129,  147,  162, 
180;  chain  of,  315,  342.  SeealsoMom^o, 
Java,  Pegxi,  and  Sumatra. 

Gold,  cloth  of,  XXXV,  38,  63,  224;  price  of, 
235;  from  China,  74,  130. 

Gold  lace,  171,  172,  241  ;  sale  of,  64,  173. 

Gold  thread,  315,  342. 

Gombroon,  references  to,  passim  ;  letters 
from,  55,  101  (2),  115,  116,  182^  236, 
319;  Governor  of,  ^^^  Sanduk  Sultan ;  to 
be  the  chief  port  in  Persia,  42  ;  castle  at, 
32,  85;  Indian  trade  with,  35,  48,  53, 
358,  300;  factors  at,  see  Persia,  factors 
in  ;  English  and  Dutch  ships  at,  passim  ; 


English  trade  welcomed  at,  83,  84  ; 
state  of  trade  at,  21;  Indian  writer  for, 
163;  custom-house  at,  322;  customs  at, 
88,  165,  321  ;  moiety  of,  for  the  English, 
21,  42,  161,  302,  321,  322  ;  consignment 
of  goods  from  Surat  for  sale  at,  xxxi, 
301,  309,  310,  320;  Anglo-Dutch  fleet: 
declines  to  remain  at,  xii,  45  ;  returns  to, 
48,  52,  8r,  86;  and  leaves  for  Swally, 
xii,  52,  53,  54.  55,  78,  86,  116  ;  former 
Portuguese  fort  at,  22;  their  fleet  off, 
108,  182, 187, 188. 

Goning,  John,  diary  of,  18,  41. 

Goodall,  Captain  Bartholomew  (master  of 
(i)  the  Anne  (ii)  the  Hart),  123;  at  con- 
sultations aboard  ship,  96,  98,  11 1  ;  his 
instructions  for  various  voyages,  97,  105  ; 
at  Mokha,  102,  347  ;  death  of,  184. 

Goodwin,  John,  113,  183,  272;  letters 
from,  189,  228,  234,  239,  246,  273  ;  goes 
to  Lahore,  90,  95  ;  at  Agra,  xxiv,  189, 
196  ;  acts  as  agent  for  certain  factors,  74, 
130,  142,  162,  170;  complaint  against, 
94,  130,  162  ;  his  dissensions  with 
Bangham,   113. 

Gore,  Sir  John,  210,  326. 

Gouda,  the,  26  «. 

Gonde  Leeuw,  the,  73,  99,  109,  161,  350  w. 

'  Gouncore,'  254,  255,  268. 

Grand  Signor,  the,  x,  43,  63,  158,  159, 193, 

353- 

'  Gravances,'  329. 

Graves,  Henry,  241,  314. 

Greyhounds,  291,  327,  329. 

Griffin,  Robert,  104. 

Groot  Mauritius,  the,  182  n. 

Grove,  Thomas,  146,  289,  360. 

Gujarat,  Viceroy  of,  see  Nahir  Khan  and 
Saif  Khan;  junks  of:  designs  on,  20,  21, 
59  ;  capture  of,  55  ;  English  claims 
against  natives  of,  30  ;  Dutch  ships  con- 
voy junks  of,  48,  53 ;  merchants  of : 
ship  goods  on  English  vessels,  55  ;  trade 
to  Achin,  224  ;  Shah  Jahan's  designs  on, 

78,  153. 
Gzil-dar,  63. 

Guldene  Zeepaard,  the,  182  n. 
'  Gundeven,'  letter  from,  140. 
Gunny,  25,  319. 
Gunpowder,  118,  307  ;  English,  47;  native, 

47,  73,  81,  93  ;   complaint  as  to  quality 

of,  88,  89  ;  superiority  of  European,  309  ; 

price  of,  309  n. 
Gurdas,  86,  87,  114,  190, 
Gwalior,  112,  272. 

Habash!  Khan,  243,  252. 
Hair,  trade  in,  10. 

Haji  Abdul-nabi.  See  {as  also  in  similar 
cases)  Abdul-nabi,  Hajl. 


INDEX 


^n 


HajTpnr-Patna,  241. 

Hakim  Sadra.  See  {as  also  in  similar 
cases)  Sadra,  Hakim. 

Hall,  Daniel,  his  accounts  of  the  voyages  of 
the  Expedition,  284,  313,  333. 

Hall,  John  (master  of  the  Ma>y),  85,  222, 
258;  letters  from,  6,  190,  242,  245(3), 
247,  248(3),  274;  his  fleet,  xxii,  xxvii, 
178,  203,  216,  249,  262,  285,  290;  his 
voyages:  to  India,  xxii,  183,  185,  186; 
along  the  coast  of  India,  xxvi,  218-20, 
242,  250;  to  the  Comoro  Islands,  250- 
69 ;  and  to  Bantam,  298,  299 ;  seizure 
of  native  vessels  by,  vii,  21,  58,  253-69; 
complaint  against,  31,  288 ;  at  consulta- 
tions aboard  ship,  32  w.,  34«.,  287,  289. 

Hall,  William,  286. 

Halliday,  Nathaniel,  42  «. 

Hammon,  Gualther,  300. 

Harby  {or  Harvey),  Job,  97,  147,  297. 

Hariji,  90,  94. 

Hariprasad,  173. 

Hari  Vaisya,  30,  300,  306,  320. 

Harris,  Thomas,  letter  to,  136. 

Harris,  Vincent,  161,  308. 

Hari,  the,  xxxiv,  xxxv,  9,  10,  16,  38,  40, 
287,  322;  master  of,  5ed?  Andrews,  Bickley, 
Evans,  Goodall,  and  Pashley ;  arrives  at 
Batavia  from  England,  1 1 ;  voyage  to  the 
Coromandel  Coast  and  back,  xl-xli,  2, 
4,  6,  7, 10-18,  41,  65  ;  desertion  of  sailors 
from,  15  ;  embarks  the  Unity s  cargo,  15, 
1 7  ;  voyage  from  England  to  India,  xxii, 

178,  183,  185  ;  to  Persia  and  back,  xxiii, 

179,  186,  187,  200,  216;  and  along  the 
coast  of  India  and  to  the  Comoro  Islands, 
251-69  ;  designed  for  England,  289,  291, 
324;  her  destination  changed  to  Gom- 
broon, 269,  285,  300,301,306;  second 
voyage  to  Persia,  312-14;  voyage  to 
England,  xxxi,  331-4. 

Hasan  All,  Khwaja,  28. 

Hasan,  Mirza,  1 76. 

Havilddr,  254, 

Hawley,  Gabriel,  letter  from,  148. 

Hawley,  Henry,  xxxix;  letters  from,  3,  97, 

118,  136,  144,  145,    180;    President  at 

Lagimdy,  40,  41  ;   and  at  Batavia,  97, 

308;    his  private  trade,   148;   sails  for 

England,  290  ;  his  death,  291. 
Hawley,   Robert,  xlv,   124  (2),   147,  148, 

149;  letter  to,  145. 
Hayward,  John,  letter  from,  21. 
Health's  Sickness,  297. 
Healy,  Thomas,  45,  96. 
Hector's  Island,  77,  78,  216. 
Henley,  Lawrence,  xlvii,  146,   280,  316; 

letters  from,  315,    339,   341,    3465    his 

salary,  315,  344. 
Herbert,  Thomas,  xxiii,  187  «. 


'Heth-heth,'  112, 

Heusden,  the  (Dutch  ship),  2w.,  73,  99, 
109,  125,  126. 

Heuten,  Wouter,  113. 

Heynes,  Edward,  18,  21,  26(3),  78;  letter 
from,  6 ;  at  consultations  aboard  the 
Royal  James,  34«.,  78M. ;  at  Surat,  68  ; 
in  charge  there,  65 ;  allowance  for  his 
homeward  voyage,  73 ;  sails  for  England, 

77,78,  114- 

Hides.     See  Bulgar. 

Hillion,  Peter,  50«.,  98. 

Hoare,  William,  156;  imprisoned  at  Surat, 
19;  attends  consultations  at  Surat,  68, 
108,  and  aboard  ship,  i,  96,  98,  loi, 
III ;  his  return  to  England,  123,  127  ;  at 
Bantam,  357. 

Hodges,  John,  66. 

Holi  festival,  246. 

Hollandia,  the,  26  w.,  117  w.,  168,  350  w. 

Honawar,  xxviii,  260. 

Hope,  the,  xxxiv. 

Hopewell,  the,  xxxv,  293,  299,  303,  304  ; 
master  of,  see  Andrews  a^id  Pashley ; 
voyage  to  India,  xxii,  184-6  ;  at  Swally, 
178,  187;  voyages  along  the  coast  of 
India  and  to  the  Comoro  Islands,  xxvi, 
218,  250-69;  to  Persia,  302,  312-14;  and 
to  England,  xxxi,  324,  331-4. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph,  xvi,  94,  158,  230,  233, 
275,  278 «.,  299,  303,  304,  309,  326, 
35°,  354;  letters  from,  102,  112,  142, 
162,  170,  191,  229,  231,  235,  238,  239, 
241,  242,  244,  245,  248,  290,  299  ;  his 
salary,  i ;  imprisoned  at  Surat,  4,  19;  at 
a  consultation  aboard  the  Roydl  James, 
34W. ;  his  private  trade,  113,  114,  129, 
130,  139,  142,  162,  170;  acts  as  Agent 
for  various  factors,  116,  167:  at  Surat, 
68,  89,  142,  191,  285,  299;  to  go  to 
Ahmadabad,  79,  86  ;  at  Ahmadabad,  96, 
102,  112,  162,  195,  231,  235;  presented 
with  a  horse  by  Saif  Khan,  113,  130 ;  at 
Broach,  229 ;  extends  his  period  of  service, 
211;   his  return  to  England,   114,  285, 

3". 
Horses  from  Persia,  45,  167,  291,  301,  319, 

320,  321,  335,  337  ;  from  Arabia,  61. 
Hoshang,  murder  of,  xxix,  240,  242. 
Hudson,    Richard,    147,    149,   315-17;  to 

remain  at  Masulipatam,  xlvi,  281 ;    his 

instructions,  283,  284. 
Hughes,  John,  238, 
Hukely,  Richard,  24. 
Hull,  Basil,  103. 
Hunter,  John,  13,  277,  360;  letter  from, 

187. 
'  Hussanees.'    See  Cotton  goods. 
Hutchinson,  Robert,   73,   78  n. ;   sails  for 

England,  77,  78. 


374 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Ibrahim  Adil  Shah,  King  of  Bijapur,  death 
of,  192. 

Imam  QulT  Beg,  the,  84. 

Indigo,  references  to  and  investments  in, 
passim  ;  price  of,  189,  228,  275  ;  export 
of,  XXXV,  307  ;  instructions  for,  xxxv,  38, 
63;  Dutch  trade  in,  63,  iii.  189,  208, 
228,  307,  326.  See  also  Agra,  Biana, 
and  Sarkhej. 

Indraji,  Nakhuda,  71,  72. 

Iron,  in.,  350,  351 ;  ironware,  64. 

Is-haq  Beg,  30,  237, 

Ispahan,  letters  from,  21,  139,  288  ;  letters 
to,  101(2),  115;  factors  at,  see  Persia, 
factors  in;  state  of  affairs  at,  182;  Dutch 
at,  43,  288  ;  letter  from,  2. 

Ivory.     See  Elephants'  teeth. 

Jacobson,  Cornelius,  161. 

Jadu,  90,  91,  173. 

Jadu  Ray,  176. 

Jager,  the,  338. 

fagTr,  1^1  n._,  176,  191,  233. 

Jahan,  Khwaja,  273. 

Jahanglr,  xiii,  30,  61,  232  ;  grants  the 
English  freedom  of  trade,  27  ;  presents 
for,  34,  91 ;  and  the  complaints  of  certain 
Turks,  vii,  33,  34,  59 ;  and  the  English 
troubles  at  Surat,  viii,  56 ;  purchases 
from  the  English,  73,  95  ;  Mahabat 
Khan  and,  xvii-xix,  151 ;  Shah  Jahan's 
rebellion  against,  xiii,  78,  95,  96,  151-3  ; 
in  Kashmir,  78,  95  (2),  204  ;  leaves 
Kashmir,  96  ;  throne  for,  93 ;  journeys 
to  and  from  Kabul,  xvii,  xix,  150,  151 ; 
death  of,  xxiv,  202,  226. 

Jaitapur.     See  Seidepore. 

Jajdm,  361. 

Jakat,  28. 

Jakatra.     See  Batavia, 

Jalaluddin  Mahmud,  Khwaja,  30,  212. 

Jalor,  xxiv,  171. 

Jambi,  xlviii,  ii,  12,  358;  letter  from, 
290;  letters  to,  7,  136,  139,  278;  factors 
at,  see  Bell,  Harris,  Staverton,  and  Tay- 
lor ;  dispatch  of  ships  for,  1 1 ;  English 
ships  at,  290. 

Jambusar,  230. 

James  I,  King,  38,  85  ;  letter  from  King  of 
Socotra  to,  3 ;  grants  judicial  powers  to 
the  President  and  Council  at  Surat,  65  ; 
death  of,  112. 

James,  the.  See  Lesser Jaf?ies,  Little  Jatnes, 
and  Royal  James. 

James,  Giles,  36,  79  ;  letter  from,  55  ;  im- 
prisoned at  Surat,  4,  19;  and  the  cap- 
ture of  Indian  vessels,  20,  21  ;  at  consul- 
tations aboard  ship,  1,  34^.;  sails  for 
England,  xii,  66,  88. 

Jam  Qoli  Beg,  30,  203,  230. 


Janjira,  Governor  of,  see  Sidl  Ambar; 
English  attempt  to  obtain  the  castle  at, 
xxvii,  xxviii,  243,  252  ;  description  of, 
252,  253. 

Janszoon,  Willem,  1S2,  276. 

Japan,  silver,  4,  26,  144;  brass  guns  from, 
27;  escritoire  fiom,  134;  copper,  181. 

Jask,  letter  from,  112;  English  ships  at,  39, 
40,  80,  107, 168,  312,  313  ;  Anglo-Dutch 
fleet  at,  112,  117,  165-8;  Portuguese 
attack  on,  40;  Governor  of,  168. 

Jast,  360. 

Java  {see  also  Bantam,  Batavia,  and  Masu- 
lipatam),  gold  from,  181. 

Jeronimo,  Signer.     See  De  Paiva. 

jewels,  xxxv,  148,  157,  228,  238,  258,  273  ; 
sale  of,  xiii,  33,  61,  62,  73,  79,  86,  87, 
94>  95»  ^73)  i95j  196;  unsaleable  in 
India,  303,  310,  327 ;  Portuguese  trade 
in,  86.  See  also  Diamonds,  Emeralds, 
and  Pearls. 

Jiddah,  352  ;  Indian  trade  with,  20,  72,  235. 

John,  the,   31  ;  used  as  a  fireship,  48,  51, 

53,  8i- 

Joh7i,  the  (a  pinnace),  265,  267,  285,  287; 
sails  for  Bantam,  265,  298,  299,  307. 

Johnson,  John  (master  of  the  Eagle),  24  w., 
44,  76  ;  letter  from,  85  ;  charges  against, 
xi  n.,  54,  68,  81 ;  instructions  for  his 
voyage  to  Achin  and  Batavia,  76 ;  at 
consultations  aboard  ship,  78  n.,  168. 

Johnson,  John  (formerly  in  Danish  service), 
10;  and  the  attempt  to  settle  a  factory 
at  Tanjiir,  xxxix-xli,  2,  6,  7,  12,  40,  41 
(2)  ;  death  of,  218. 

Johnson,  Robert,  35 ;  his  treachery  at 
Mokha,  347-8  ;  death  of,  349. 

Johnson,  Thomas,  4,  9,  12,  280,  316,  358; 
letters  from,  115,  128,  130,  131,  132, 
315,  338;  at  Masulipatam,  115,  I17, 
145  ;  and  the  settlement  of  a  factory  at 
Armagon,  120-3,  132;  at  Armagon, 
128;  to  be  chief  there,  134,  135,  146; 
returns  to  Bantam,  xlvii ;  his  salary,  315. 

Jonas,  the,  ix,  x\-i,  xxxiv,  287,  293  (2), 
295,  299,  304,  327 ;  master  of,  see 
Swanley ;  voyage  to  India,  24,  34,  35  ; 
and  to  Persia  and  back,  45,  55,  67  ;  at 
Swally,  73,  82 ;  consultations  aboard, 
43 «.,  96,  303 ;  takes  part  in  the  en- 
counters with  the  Portuguese,  xi,  46-54 ; 
casualties  on,  50,  53,  85  ;  her  armament, 
50 ;  designed  for  Batavia,  xii,  65,  68 ; 
dispatched  to  Mokha  to  succour  the 
A7ine,  xiii,  75,  76,  77  (2),  82,  88,  347-9  ; 
cruise  to  assist  the  ships  from  England, 
97  ;  refitting  at  Swally,  98  ;  designed  for 
England,  loi  (2),  103;  second  voyage 
to  Persia  and  back,  105,  107,  108  (2), 
115,  116,  117;  voyage  to  England,  123, 


INDEX 


375 


125,  126,  137,  140, 150;  again  at  Swally, 
xxix,  263-9,  285,  303 ;  third  voyage  to 
Persia,  285,  300,  301,  312-14;  voyage  to 
Bantam,  xxxii,  323,  329-34,  357  ;  returns 
to  Swally,  xxxiii,  356,  357  ;  fourth 
voyage  to  Persia  and  back,  xxxiv,  361, 
362. 

Joyce,  Thomas,  125,  311,  314. 

Juan  de  Nova,  104. 

Jude,  the,  290. 

Jnnkan.     See  Chmigam. 

Kabul,  151;   massacre  of  troops  at,  xix, 

152. 
Kachchd  saudagai;  150. 
Kail,  354. 
Kajan,  xxi  n, 
Kalhat,  55,  199. 
Kali  talao,  89,  90. 
KalsT,  360. 
Kameel,  the,  339. 
Kandt,  361. 

Karan,  Rana  of  Udaipur,  242. 
Karedu,  342  n. 
Karikal,  8  (2),  10;  the  Hart's  visit  to,  13- 

18  J  customs  duties  demanded  at,  xl,  15, 

19  ;  pepper  from,  10  ;  Governor  of,  xl,  8, 

14,  15- 

Kashmir,  xiii,  78,  95  (2),  96,  173,  204. 

Katora,  360. 

Keightley,  Thomas,  letter  to,  3. 

Kennicott,  Gabriel,  225,  287,  289,  291, 
292,  304. 

Kerridge,  Thomas,  references  to,  and  letters 
to  and  {torn, passim ;  sails  for  India,  24 «. ; 
goes  to  Persia,  ix,  36,  42  n. ;  opposes 
the  proposal  to  assist  the  Persians,  80  ; 
to  go  to  Surat,  42,  67 ;  President  at 
Surat  (^.5^.)>  ix,  xii,  65,  68,  73,  78;  his 
private  trade,  86,  87,  127,  130,  138,  167, 
169,  170  ;  takes  steps  to  restrict  private 
trade,  43,  73;  at  consultations  aboard 
ship,  40W.,  75,  96,  98,  loi,  III;  ex- 
tends his  period  of  service,  211;  his 
return  to  England,  xxviii,  249-50,  277, 
289,  295;  his  subsequent  career,  xxviii  n. ; 
his  popularity  at  Surat,  325. 

Kerseys,  156,  325,  335. 

Khairat  Khan,  167,  283,  300,  302,  321. 

Khdnazad,  242.     See  also  Zaman  Bahadur. 

Khan-i-Azam,  242. 

Khan  Jahan,  153,  191,  206  ;  espouses  the 
cause  of  Dawar  Bakhsh,  233 ;  in  re- 
bellion against  Shah  Jahan,  xxv,  240. 

Khankhanan  (Mirza  Khan),  the,  95 ;  see 
also  Mahabat  Khan. 

Kharepatan  {or  Viziadrug),  Hall's  fleet 
visits,  xxviii,  254-68 ;  description  of, 
258,259;  suggested  settlement  at,  275; 
Governor  of,  254,  262. 


KhaskhasT,  63. 

Khazdna,  33,   149,  221;   term   explained, 

33  «•,  149  «• 
Khichri,  48. 

Khirka  ('  Quirka  '),  28,  176,  177. 
Khor  Jarama  ('  the  London' s  Hope '),  sug- 
gested fortification  of,  xxvii,  159-60,  197, 

199,  216. 
Khurd  Mahmud,  72,  193,  305,  352,  353 ; 

his  junk's  encounter  with  the  Scout,  72. 
Khnrram,  Prince.     See  Shah  Jahan. 
Khusru ,  Prince,  his  sons.  See  Dawar  Bakhsh 

and  Garshasp. 
Khutba,  233,  240. 
Khwaja  Murad  Beg.     See  (as  also  in  similar 

cases)  Murad  Beg,  Khwaja. 
Kifayat  Khan,  232. 
King,  Richard,  death  of,  186,  209. 
Kirk,  Captain,  356,  357. 
Kishin,  63. 
Kishm,  43,  198;  Persian  fortifications  at, 

2  2  ;   castle  at,  45 ;    English  and  Dutch 

fleets  at,   48;    captain    of   the   Persian 

castle  at,  48. 
Kistgens,  Frederick,  124W. 
Kistnapatam,  338  w. 
Knightley,    William,    291,    304,    311;    at 

Surat,  285 ;  account  of  his  experiences  at 

Mokha,  &c.,  347-55- 
KolTs,  the,  90. 

Kollur,  diamond  mine  at,  25,  211. 
Komatis,  9,  10,  11,  131,  282. 
Kori,  247. 
Kos,  passim. 
Kottapatnam,  xliv  n. 
Kotwdl,  282. 
Kuch,  170. 

Kudryan  {or  Kudrian),  Elias,  225,  276. 
Kuh-i-Mubarak,  49  n. 
Kung,  84. 

Lac  (gum-lac),  62,  63,  93,  209,  235,  241, 
246,  258,  326  ;  chap7-a  lac,  230 ;  ras 
lac,  230;  shellac,  309;  price  of,  175, 
230,  247  ;  exported  to  Persia,  301. 

Lagundy,  251 ;  consultations  at,  40,  41  ; 
failure  of  the  settlement  at,  xxi,  xxxviii, 
loi,  112,  114;  the  Dutch  assist  the  sur- 
vivors from,  xxxix,  1 14 ;  their  return  to 
Batavia,  118;  President  at,  see  Hawley  ; 
factor  at,  see  Goning. 

Lahore,  xxiv ;  letter  from,  32 ;  letters  to, 
passion ;  factors  at,  see  Bangham,  Wil- 
loughby,  and  Young ;  factors  go  to,  90  ; 
broker  at,  see  DhanjI ;  Governor  of,  33  ; 
calicoes  from,  62;  carpets  from,  93; 
shellac  from,  309  ;  trade  at,  63,  96,  151, 
311 ;  Armenians  at,  63. 

Lancaster,  Richard,  21,  79;  letters  from, 
6,  55  ;  goes  to  England,  66. 


^1^ 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Langford,  Richard,  34,  288. 

Langford,  William,  309;   instrnctions  for 

his  voyage  to  the  Coromandel  Coast,  8. 
Larak,  Portuguese  fleet  at,  xii,  46,  48,  52, 

54,  81,  84,   86;  pearl   fishing   off,   84; 

Portuguese  fort  at,  84, 
Laribandar.     See  Diul-Sind. 
LarTs,  74,  254,  258,  275,  322. 
Lashkar,  241,  271. 
Latch  [Robert?],  252. 
Lawrence,  John,  120  (2). 
Leachland,  John,   i,   119-20;  letter  from, 

89-  .  . 

Lead,  trade  in,  passim  ;  theft  of,  62 ;  price 
of,  64,  190,  326,  334;  shipment  of,  221, 
222,  248,  274. 

Leate,  Nicholas,  195,  238. 

Leeuwin,  the,  26  «. 

Leiden,  the,  no. 

Lemons,  no. 

Lesser  Ja7nes,  the,  26. 

Libenaer,  Jan,  5. 

Linhares,  Conde  de.     See  De  Noronha. 

Lion,  the,  xxxiv,  100 ;  master  of,  see 
Swanley ;  voyage  to  India,  103-5  !  ^°" 
counter  with  the  Portuguese,  xv,  91,  loi, 
102,  114,  137,'  140;  arrives  at  Gom- 
broon, loi  ;  destroyed  by  the  Portuguese, 
xi «.,  XV,  loi,  140,  163  ;  guns  and  goods 
recovered  from,  115,  138. 

Little  James,  the,  263,  289,  293,  299,  302  ; 
attack  on,  by  the  Portuguese,  xxxi,  265, 
269,  285,  303-6,  312,  323,  328. 

Loftus,  Robert,  45;  letters  from,  139,  236, 
288,  319;  visits  Dabhol,  31;  in  Persia, 
139)  236,  288,  319;  salary  of,  163. 

Londoti,  the,  xxxiv,  91,  114,  308;  master 
of,  see  Pym  ;  at  Batavia,  118;  voyage  to 
Bantam,  xxxiii,  355-7. 
'  London's  Hope,'  the.     See  Khor  Jarama. 

Looking  glasses,  275. 

Lord,  Rev.  Henry,  103,  114. 

Lucas.     See  Antheunis. 

Maagd  van  Dort,  the  (or  Dordrecht'),  ix, 
24,  26«.,  76,  79,  83,  109,  182 «.;  en- 
gaged in  the  fights  with  the  Portuguese, 
47-54;  her  armament,  50;  casualties  on, 
87;  sails  for  Holland,  88,  208,  216;  at 
Batavia,  178. 

Macao,  9. 

Macassar,  xlviii,  294,  358  ;  letter  to,  290 ; 
brimstone  from,  344 ;  Portuguese  at,  9  «. ; 
Danish  factory  at,  119;  present  for  the 
King  of,  223,  291,  327. 

Madagascar  (St.  Lawrence),  xxii,  23,  25, 
69,  281.     See  also  St.  Augustine's  Bay. 

Madder,  Indian.     See  Rilnds. 

Magadoxo,  213. 

Magellan's  Straits,  117. 


Mahabat  Khan,  130, 149,  171  (2),  172,  173, 
190,  204,  241,  246,  247;  commands 
troops  for  Jahanglr,  95  ;  dismissed,  151 ; 
his  caravan  captured  by  royal  troops, 
149 ;  takes  Jahanglr  prisoner,  xvii,  xviii, 
xix,  151,  152;  defeats  Nuj  Mahal's 
forces,  xviii,  152  ;  imprisons  Asaf  Khan, 
xix,  152 ;  massacre  of  his  troops  at 
Kabul,  xix,  152  ;  secedes  to  Shah  Jahan, 
xxiv,  204,  226;  rewarded  by  him,  241; 
becomes  Khankhanan,  229;  his  %QXi.,  see 
Bahrawar,  Mirza. 
Mahim,  220. 
Mahmud  Adil  Shah,  King  of  BTjapur,  193, 

254>_258,  274. 
Mahmud  Ah  Ispahan!,  30. 
Mahmud  Hamid,  255. 
Mahmud  Kasim,  QazT,  30. 
Mahmud  Mahfuz,  173. 
Mahmud,  Mirza,  212,  294,  322,   323,  330, 

337  ;_  letter  from,  325. 
Mahmud  Salih  Tabriz!,  30. 
Mahmud  Sufi,  30. 
Mahmud  Taq!,  281-3. 
Mahmud!  Ibrahim,  30. 
Mahmiidis,  references  to, passim ;  value  of, 

i5o«.,  156. 
Mait,  70. 

Makalla,  70  w.,  71. 
Makkl,  Mirza,  189,  232,  273,  275. 
Malabar  junks,  91,  92,  219,  245,  253;  cap- 
ture  of,    177,    261,   262,   274;    pepper, 
xxxvi,  62  ;  pirates,  24,  32,  89,  91,  167, 
197,198. 
Malacca,  King  of  Achin  besieges,  xxxiv, 
347  ;  Portuguese  at,  9 ;  Captain  of,  9  «. ; 
Straits  of,  82. 
Malaya,  9(2),  131,   359 «.  ;    the   English 
trade  with,  16 ;  his  house  at  Tegnapatam, 
I4«.,   16;  his  brother,   16;    assists  the 
Dutch,  358. 
Maldives,  the,  217;  capture  of  a  junk  from, 

104,  III. 
Malik  Ambar,  151,  193,  243  ;  capture  of 

his  ship,  33;  his  junk  at  Shuhair,  71. 
Malim,  Richard,  184,  216. 
Man,  Eustace  (master  of  (i)  the  Anne,  (ii) 
the  Abigail,  (iii)  the  Eagle),  ^"j,  106,  124, 
182,    290,    294,    311;    at    consultations 
aboard  ship,  96,  98,  101 ;  his  instructions 
for  a  voyage  to  Batavia,  1 25  ;  his  private 
trade,  21 1,  308;  removed  from  his  com- 
mand,   264 ;     accusations   against,    288, 
291,  304,  325  ;  his  trial,  265 ;  his  return 
to  England,  289. 
Mangalore,  Hall's  fleet  visits,  xxviii,  260-8; 

Portuguese  at,  31. 
Mansabdar,  189. 
Mansur  Khan,  190,  191,  249. 
Manzil,  273. 


INDEX 


377 


Maps,  complaint  as  to,  109. 

Maqajn,  177. 

Martaban,  jars  of,  13. 

Martin,  Malachi,  210,  236,  244,  276,  285, 
294,  298,  311,  319;  letter  from,  274; 
his  accusations  against  Burt,  321. 

Martin,  William,  123,  230;  letters  from, 
191,  230,  231,  234,  238,  244(2),  245, 
249,  269,  272,  274;  at  a  consultation 
aboard  ship,  i ;  imprisoned  at  Surat,  19; 
at  Broach,  195,  209,  230;  extends  his 
period  of  service,  211 ;  sails  for  England, 

277.  295- 

j^I/rtry,  the,  178,  222,  237,  245,  249,  •287, 
291,  294;  master  of,  see  Hall;  voyage 
to  India,  xxii,  184,  185,  186;  cruises 
along  the  coast  of  India  and  to  the 
Comoro  Islands,  xxvi,  xxvii,  219,  250- 
69;  at  Swally,  187,  190,  288;  consul- 
tation aboard,  287  ;  in  '  Tamona  '  Road, 
274;  voyage  to  Bantam,  265,  269,  285, 
293,  298,  299,  307,  308. 

Masarrat  ('  moozra '),  113. 

Mascarenhas.     See  Reunion. 

Mascarenos,  Francisco,  296,  311  w. 

Masih-al-Zaman.     See  Sadra. 

Masira,  viii,  61. 

Masulipatam,  references  to,  passim ;  letters 
from,  115,  132,  136;  letters  to,  4,  12,25, 
130,   131,    132,    145  ;    consultations  at, 

117,  120,  280;  Governor  of,  5,  13,  280- 
4,  346 ;  letter  to,  281  ;  buys  the  hull  of 
the  Unity ^  17  ;  complaints  against,  xlii, 
xlvi,  119,  278;  negotiations  with,  xlvi- 
xlviii,  316-18,  339,  341;  factors  at,  5fe 
Bearden,  Brewer,  Dale,  Dod,  Duke, 
Futter,  Hawley  (Robert),  Henley,  Hud- 
son, Johnson  (Thomas),  Lawrence,  Mills, 
and  Trafford ;  want  of  factors  at,  1 59  ; 
quarrels  amongst  the  factors  at,  xlii,  12, 
119,  144,  147  ;  errors  in  the  accounts 
from,  12;  debts  at,  9,  160,  315(2); 
trade  at:  in  diamonds,  xlii,  25;  in  cot- 
ton cloth,  &c.,  xlviii,  8,  9,  12,  13,  119, 
148,  180,  270,  284,  358  ;  in  pepper,  12, 
180;  in  porcelain,  12,  281,  284,  297, 
340;  and  in  other  commodities,  180,  181, 
281,  315)  339>  340>  341 5  .  gunpowder 
from,  309  ;   supplies  for,  xlii,  xlvi,   97, 

118,  144,  148,  159,  160,  180,200,  294, 
307,  325,  329 ;  rials  not  in  demand  at, 
162,  180  ;  diamond  mine  near,  see  Kollur  ; 
state  of  trade  at,  18,  41 ;  restrictions  on 
building  operations  at,  13;  English 
ships  at,  xli,  xlv,  xlvi,  17,  25,  136,  144, 
182  ;  dispatch  of  ships  for  England  from, 
159,  181;  troubles  with  the  native 
authorities  at,  5,  119,  280-4,  312  ;  state- 
ment of  English  grievances  and  demands, 
xlvii,  282,  283,  316-18,  341,  357;  seizure 


of  native  shipping  at,  xlvii,  315,  316, 
339>  34°>  357  '■>  release  of  captured  ves- 
sels, 341 ;  dissolution  of  the  factory,  xlvi, 
251,  278,  290,  357;  removal  of  the 
factory  from,  see  Armagon ;  Shah  Jahan 
at,  151  ;  Danes  at,  340;  they  settle  a 
factory  there,  119;  Dutch  at,  118,  119, 
281,  283,  294;  their  chief,  see  Dedel 
and  Van  Uffelen  ;  their  ships  at,  17; 
a  Dutch  skipper  murders  an  Englishman, 
19;  troubles  with  the  natives,  xlvii,  5,  8, 
13)  341  ;  seizure  of  native  vessels  by, 
xlvii,  341 ;  English  disagreements  with, 
xlii,  1 19  ;  they  agree  to  assist  the  English, 
280  ;  and  take  refuge  on  English  ships, 
xlvii,  317  ;  their  claims  against  the 
natives,  357-8. 

Matar,  234. 

Mataram,  Sultan  of,  26  k. 

Matthew  {or  Mathews),  William,  288,  360. 

Maund, /a^j/w  ;  weight  of,  355. 

Mauritius,  the,  117  «.,  168,  178,  182  «., 
350  «. ;  at  the  attack  on  Bombay,  142-4. 

Mauritius,  English  ships  at,  xxix,  249, 
261-8,  331-3;  ebony  from,  38,  68,  69; 
Danes  at,  38. 

'  Mavies.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Merchants  Hope,  the,  9. 

Mesti^-o,  98,  no,  135,  344. 

Middelburg,  the,  no. 

Middleton,  Sir  Henry,  56. 

Midhakur,  183. 

Mills,  Thomas,  xli,  6,  8,  9,  12,  97,  183  ; 
letters  from,  132,  136;  letters  to,  130, 
131,  132  ;  complaints  against,  xlv,  5, 
144-7;  ^t  Masulipatam,  117;  and  the 
settlement  of  factories  at  Petapoli,  xlii, 
115;  and  at  Armagon,  xlii-xlv,  120-3, 
128,  132-6;  returns  to  Masulipatam, 
135;  to  go  to  Batavia,  xlv,  146,  147; 
acts  as  private  trade  agent,  148 ;  death 
of,  xlvi. 

Mil  ward,  Captain  John,  310. 

Ministers,  46  n.  See  also  Friday,  Goche, 
Lord,  atid  Woolhouse. 

Minors,  William,  69,  243,  248,  302 ;  letters 
from,  222,  248;  his  accounts  of  the 
^flf/^V  voyages,  23,  31,  40,  53,54;  and 
of  the  fights  with  the  Portuguese,  53 ; 
transferred  to  the  Scout,  54,  68,  109  ;  his 
accounts  of  her  voyages,  69-73,  109  ;  at 
consultations  aboard  ship,  2S9,  303. 

Mir  Kamaldin,  346. 

Mir  Musa,  Governor  of  Cambay,  176,  234, 
271,  335;  trades  with  the  English,  73, 
79)  86,  87  (2),  89, 95,  113,  172,  195,  201 ; 
assists  the  Surat  factors,  xxvi,  201,  229. 

Mir  Razzaq,  242. 

'  Mirpass  '  (Mir  Abbas  or  '  Mirpsse ').  See 
Masulipatam,  Governor  of. 


37« 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Mirza  Mahmud.  See  {as  also  hi  similar 
cases)  Mahmud,  Mirza. 

Moga,  25,  148. 

Mohilla.     See  Comoro  Islands. 

Mohurs  {or  sunnies),  235(2);  value  of, 
270. 

Mokha  {see  also  Red  Sea),  21,  55;  the 
English  forced  to  establish  a  factory  at, 
xiii,  xiv,  I02,  347-9;  factors  at,  see 
Beale,  Fall,  and  Oliver;  English  trade 
at,  36,  63,  158,  159,  193,  289,  291,  304; 
information  with  regard  to  trade  at,  350, 
351 ;  privileges  and  customs  enjoyed  by 
the  English  in,  354  ;  state  of  trade  at, 
353;  commodities  suitable  for,  349,  350, 
351;  coffee  from,  213;  weights  and 
measures  at,  354,  355  ;  customs  duties 
at,  354 ;  dispatch  of  ships  for,  see  Swally; 
English  ships  at,  70,  75,  82,  88,  288,  347, 
349,  353 ;  Englishmen  detained  at,  xvii, 
102,  158,  347,  348 ;  their  release,  354  ; 
Governor  of,  158,  347-53;  refuses  to 
permit  English  to  leave,  352  ;  junks  of, 
70,  71  ;  passes  granted  to,  50,  352-4; 
Indian  trade  to,  68,  71,  158,  209,  230; 
trade  between  Cairo  and,  349,  350,  352  ; 
the  Arabs  threaten  to  attack,  352  ;  they 
capture  the  port,  327  ;  the  Dutch  attempt 
to  re-settle  a  factory  at,  351 ;  their  ships 
there,  154,  350,  353  ;  they  refuse  to  help 
the  English,  350,  351  ;  Portuguese  fleet 
off,  154. 

Moluccas,  the,  181  ;  spices  from,  12. 

Mombarrique,  Cape,  49,  166,  169. 

Momjdma,  87. 

Monk,  Richard,  75;  his  accounts  of  the 
Royal  James's  voyages,  23,  39,  50-3,  77, 
91,  108,  116,  126  ;  and  of  the  fights  with 
the  Portuguese,  50. 

Moories,  284. 

Morgan,  George,  300. 

Morris,  William,  355  w. 

Morris,  the,  xix,  140,  168,  346  ;  master  of, 
see  Waller;  at  the  attack  on  Bombay, 
142-4;  voyage  to  Persia,  xxii,  164;  and 
to  Masnlipatam,  xxii,  xlvi,  177,  178, 
216;  at  Armagon,  223;  returns  to 
Batavia,  182  ;  voyage  to  England,  21S, 
290,  291. 

Morton,  Matthew  (captain  of  the  Exchange 
{q.v.)),  182,  186,  223,  225,  326;  letters 
from,  245,  248  (2),  272  (2) ;  at  consulta- 
tions aboard  ship,  287,  289;  death  of, 
279  w. 

Mosul,  322  «. 

Mountney,  James,  14,  16. 

Mountney,  Nathaniel,  299,  310 ;  letters 
from,  188,  215,  221,  230,  231,  235,  238. 
241,  242,  244,  245,  248,270,273,275; 
his  salary,  314,  326. 


Mozambique,  10,  24,214,  284;  Hall's  fleet 
visits,  263-9  >  Portuguese  vessels  at,  38 ; 
English  designs  on  their  fleet  from,  xxii, 
xxix,  181,  265,  266, 

Muckwooll,  Thomas,  98. 

Mugd.    See  Moga. 

Muhammad  Shahsuwar,  Khwaja,  sails  for 
England,  88  ;  his  death,  88  n.  ;  death  of 
his  son,  207. 

Mulher,  176. 

Mun,  Thomas,  xxxvi,  xxxvii. 

Mundy,  Peter,  285,  310,  314. 

Muqarrab  Khan,  127,  151,  172,  241, 
271. 

Murad  Amir,  70,  72. 

Murad  Beg,  Khwaja,  letter  from,  116. 

'Murtherer,'  71,  n8,  132,  136. 

Miisd,  the,  235. 

Musa  Beg,  xiii,  87  ;  sails  from  Swally,  88  ; 
returns  from  Holland,  184. 

Musandam,  Cape,  49,  82. 

Muschamp,  George,  xlviii,  42;;.,  75,  75  «., 
78«.,  118,  290,  295;  letters  from,  148, 
182,  278,  357;  sails  for  India,  24;  at 
Surat,  68  ;  at  Batavia,  148  ;  at  Bantam, 
278 ;  becomes  President  there,  xxxix, 
357  ;  his  private  trade,  148. 

Muskat,  22,  40,  43,  54,  73,80,  85,  160  «.; 
Portuguese  at,  50,  99,  199  ;  Shah  of 
Persia's  designs  on,  x,  37,  107,  163,  237, 
311;  English  assistance  desired,  42,  43, 
80,  107,  169,  198,  237;  conditions  to  be 
demanded,  164;  Dutch  assistance  for, 
164,  169  ;  Portuguese  fleet  sails  for,  xii, 
53,  154,  238  ;  Captain  of,  capture  of  his 
ship,  31,  61  ;  suggested  English  fortifica- 
tion at,  199,  214. 

'  Mussafees.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Mutamad  Khan,  xvii. 

Mutawalll  Mahmud,  30. 

'  Muttfones.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Nadir-uz-Zaman,  93,  130. 

Nagaur,  91. 

Nahir  Khan,  273 ;  succeeds  Saif  Khan,  xxv, 
188,  232  ;  espouses  the  cause  of  Dawar 
Bakhsh,  233. 

Nakhilu,  84. 

Ndkhudd,  71,  320. 

Naqd  Ali  Beg,  Persian  ambassador  to 
England,  xxii,  45,  237,  321 ;  embarks  on 
the  Star,  xii,  53,  78,  88,  96 ;  sails  from 
England  in  the  Hart,  183 ;  death  of, 
xxiii,  207,  216,  225. 

Narbada,  229. 

Narsapurpatam,  17,  200,  338. 

Narwar,  letter  from,  273. 

Nassau  (' Nintam')  Islands,  177,  178. 

Naubat,  235, 

Na2i-roz,  127,  335. 


INDEX 


379 


Nayak,  131,  132.  See  also  Armagon, 
Pondicherri,  a)td  Tanjur. 

Nazimddin,  30. 

Nazmuddln,  30. 

Negapatam,  8  «.,  9,  14,  347  ;  Governor  of, 
1 ;  English  deserters  capture  his  junk,  15. 

'Nerrer,'  273, 

'  Nicanees.'    See  Cotton  goods. 

Nicholson.     See  Wickson. 

Nieuw  Zeeland,  the,  11. 

Nieziwe  Bantam,  the,  ix,  18,  24,  27  w.,  79, 
91,  109,  125,  126  ;  engaged  in  the  fights 
with  the  Portuguese,  46,  54 ;  her  arma- 
ment, 50. 

Nieuivigheid,  the,  182  w. 

Nizam  Khwaja,  331. 

Nizam  Shah,  King  of  Ahmadnagar,  176, 
197  ;  claim  against,  192  ;  his  designs  on 
Bijapur,  193,  252. 

Noord  Holland,  the,  182. 

Norbury  {or  Norber),  Nicholas,  24  w.,  68. 

Norbury,  Richard,  76. 

Norris,  John,  243,  2'j8n.,  285,  315. 

Nur,Agha,  34.  i7i- 

'  Nuries.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Nur  Mahal  (or  Jahan),  xxv,  149,  241,  242, 
247 ;  throne  for,  93 ;  and  Shah  Jahan's 
rebellion,  15 1-3;  her  forces  defeated  by 
Mahabat  Kian,  xviii,  xix,  152  ;  and  the 
succession,  xvii-xix,  172,  206;  purchases 
from  the  English,  1 73  (2). 

Offley,  Justinian,  xvii,  113,  127,  139,  141, 
149,  154,  173;  superseded  as  chief  at 
Agra,  xxiii,  162,  17c;  death  of,  xxiv, 
_  196,  209  ;  his  estate,  239,  271. 

Olaz,  133. 

Oliver,  James,  291,  304,  349. 

Olpad  ( Orpdr),  Governor  of.  See  Pahlawan 
Safid. 

Oraitje,  the,  117  w.,  350  it. 

Orlando,  Signor,  332. 

Ormus  (or  Jarun),  i,  35,  42,  45,  85,  114, 
198,  319,  324;  King  of,  85;  castle  at, 
80;  'geru'  (red  earth)  from,  188,  237, 
244,  302,  320;  building  materials  from, 
22,  85,  199  ;  English  claim  for  share  of 
spoils  from,  37,  43,  44 ;  Indian  trade  to, 
37  ;  natives  desire  English  trade,  84 ; 
state  of  trade  at,  37;  question  of  the 
disposal  of,  x,  42,  164  ;  the  English 
desire  the  cession  of,  44,  45,  163  ;  which 
the  Dutch  also  solicit,  42,  45;  but  are 
refused,  84  ;  English  ships  at,  40,  80,  85, 
187,  188,  313,  361,  362;  Anglo-Dutch 
fleet  at,  48,  166,  167  ;  proposed  English 
factory  at,  64;  Persian  fortifications  at, 
37,  40,  80;  their  defence  of,  84;  Portu- 
guese at,  118  ;  their  designs  on,  65,  83  ; 
their  offer  to  purchase,  refused,  84  ;  their 


fleet  sails  for,  88 ;  they  blockade  the 
island,  ix,  39,  40,  80,  84 ;  and  destroy 
shipping,  2  ;  suggested  Anglo-Dutch  at- 
tack on,  289. 

Paddy,  316.     See  also  Rice. 

Padre,  114,  127,  170.     See  also  Ministers. 

Page,  George,  24  «.,  90,  168,  277,  285, 
299>  303;  letters  from,  150,  171,  191, 
222,  275,  290,  299,  323,  325,  328,  333, 
336;  his  salary,  65,  314. 

Pagoda  (temple),  13,  16;  (coin),  121,  128, 
129,  135,  200. 

Pakar,  149. 

Pahlawan  Safid,  28,  167  ;  claims  customs 
at  Swally,  xxvi,  175,  176,  200. 

Palankeen,  121,  134. 

Palembang  Point,  77. 

'Palmor,'  Cape,  166. 

Palsgrave,  the,  xxxv,  26,  103  w.,  139,  168, 
181,  184,  185,  187,  203,  251,  346; 
master  of,  see  Tozer;  voyage  to  India, 
103-5;  encounter  with  the  Portuguese, 
XV,  91,  102,  114,  115,  137,  140,  163;  at 
the  Comoro  Islands,  xx,  140,  154 ; 
arrives  at  Swally,  143,  154;  voyage  to 
Persia,  xxi,  xxii,  164,  168 ;  consultation 
aboard,  168  ;  voyage  to  Batavia  and 
back,  xxii,  177,  17S,  179,  216  ;  fire 
aboard,  186,  203,  210,  225,  295;  voyage 
to  England,  xxvi,  208,  217,  295. 

Pancakes,  xii,  54. 

Pangue,  190,  191. 

Pardao,  xlv. 

Pargana,  175. 

Parwdna, passim;  term  explained,  32  w. 

Parwiz,  Sultan  {or  Shah),  172,  226;  com- 
mands troops  for  Jahanglr,  xvii,  xviii,  95 ; 
purchases  from  the  English,  114;  granted 
a.jdgir,  152,  154,  157  w.;  death  of,  xix, 
152,  153;  his  sons,  240,  242. 

Pashley,  John  (master  of  (i)  the  Hart,  (ii) 
the  Star,  (iii)  the  Hopewell),  184,  216, 
258;  letter  from,  274;  at  consultations 
aboard  ship,  287,  289,  300,  303 ;  his 
account  of  the  Hart's  voyage  to  India, 
183;  and  of  the  Star's  voyage,  188, 
263-6,  314. 

Passes  for  native  vessels,  104,  105  ;  English, 
58, 102, 192,  331 ;  Dutch,  192,  331,  343; 
and  Portuguese,  104. 

Patlla,  360. 

'  Patolas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Pattamar,  189. 

Paving-stones,  12. 

Pearl,  the,  263  n. 

Pearl-fisheries,  84. 

Pearls,  38,  148,  195  ;  '  Scotch,'  86. 

Pegu,  gold  from,  i8r ;  Dutch  trade  at, 
341- 


38o 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Peirce,  William,  277. 

Penguin  (Robben)  Island,  250. 

Penner,  338. 

Peons,  90,  141,  171,  183,  228,  345. 

Pepper,  trade  in, passim;  price  of,  11,  12, 
62,  90,  227,  254,  275,  334,  349;  sifting 
of,  209;  exported  to  Persia,  301,  322. 
See  also  Achin,  Bantam,  Batavia,  Mala- 
bar Coast,  Masulipatam,  Tanjur,  &c. 

Perak,  tin  from,  181. 

*  Percallas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Pemambuco,  no. 

Perpetuanoes.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Persia,  4,  31,  57;  letters  to  factors  in,  87, 
99,  107,  112,  163,  165,  168,  336;  want 
of  factors  in,  45  ;  factors  in,  see  Antill, 
Barker,  Benthall,  Berriman,  Burt,  Gibson, 
Hayward,  Loftns,  Purifie,Smitli(George), 
Turner, a>jif\V odder;  instructions  to  fac- 
tors, 99;  their  salaries  increased,  161, 
164;  factory  accounts,  319,  321,  323,  327; 
customs  duties  in,  21,  37,  42,44,  88,  161, 
165,  182,  188,  309,  319,  323,  325;  de- 
frauding of,  236  ;  punishment  of  offenders, 
163;  state  of  trade  in,  36,  37,  100,  115, 
158,  200,  238,  296,  297,  321;  Indian 
trade  to,  43,  i6r,  163,  296,  306,  325; 
shipment  of  native  merchants'  goods  to 
India  from,  301  ;  question  of  the  con- 
tinuance of  English  trade  in,  xxi,  38,  42, 
60,  64,  163  ;  instructions  for  voyages  to, 
105,  164,  301  (2)  ;  silk  from,  xxxiv,  43, 
107,  158,  161,  164,  209,  238,  244,  250, 
289.  3i9>  322,  335,  337  ;  horses  from, 
45,  167,  291,  301,  319,  320,335,337; 
carpets  from,  55,  96  (2),  163,  209,  273; 
runas  from,  150,  163;  dogs  from,  291, 
320,  329;  other  commodities  from,  150, 
164,  237,  301 ;  supplies  for,  155,  225, 
319  ;  money  to  be  imported  into,  182, 
225,  236;  withdrawal  of  trade  from,  309; 
resented  by  the  Persians,  302 ;  factors' 
accusations  £  gainst  President  Wylde  and 
Coimcil,  xxxi,  319-23;  their  reply  and 
countercharges,  336-8;  Anglo  -  Dutch 
joint  cruise  to,  see  Surat;  Dutch  in,  21, 
42  ;  their  trade,  xxxi,  37,  115,  161,  182, 
289,  290,  294 ;  they  refuse  to  pay  customs, 
22,  42,  III,  236,  321,  322;  exempted 
from  payment  of  customs,  44 ;  Portuguese 
and  the  English  trade  in,  22,  42.  See 
also  Gombroon,  Ispahan,  Ormus,  Shiraz, 
&c. 

Persia,  Abbas,  Shah  of,  xxiii,  21,  36,  38,  81, 
96,  164,  242,  302  ;  at  war  with  the  Portu- 
guese {see  also  ISIuskat),  36 ;  and  with 
the  Turks  {see  also  Basra),  37,  237,  312  ; 
desires  English  assistance,  x,  36,  37,  38, 
43,80,  107,  169,  198,  237;  favours  the 
Dutch,  37  ;  but  refuses  to  cede  Ormus  tg 


them,  84;  declines  to  allow  the  English 
to  fortify',  198,  238 ;  trade  at  Bantam  on 
his  behalf,  212,  223  ;  his  ambassadors  to 
England,  see  Naqd  All  Beg  atid  Sherley ; 
to  Holland,  see  Musa  Beg ;  and  to  India, 
see  Khairat  Khan  ;  his  merchant  for 
England,  see  Muhammad  Shahsuwar, 
Khwaja  ;  murder  of  possible  successors 
to  his  throne,  237;  his  death,  xxxi,  312. 

Persian  Gulf,  84 ;  Portuguese  ships  in,  ix, 
XV,  37,  43, 65,  80,  289,  313  ;  they  menace 
the  shipping  and  trade  in,  22,  37,  42,  84, 
100 ;  Anglo-Dutch  joint  action  against,  37, 
45,  88;  and  encounters  with  the  Portu- 
guese, x-xii,  46-54,  79,  80-3,  85-7  ; 
English,  Dutch,  and  Portuguese  com- 
manders in,  see  \Yeddell,  Becker,  atid 
Botelho ;  casualties  in  the  fights,  50,  53, 
81,  82,  85,  87  ;  description  of  ships 
engaged,  49  ;  their  armaments,  50  «.,  85 ; 
and  their  crews,  50 ;  ammunition  used  by 
the  English,  88  ;  the  chase  of  the  defeated 
Portuguese  ships  abandoned,  82, 

Petapoli,  re-establishment  of  a  factory  at, 
xlii,  115,  144;  factors  and  supplies  for, 
xliv,  120;  factors  at,  see  Dyott,  Fowkes, 
Lawrence,  Powell,  and  Trafford  ;  cotton 
cloth  from,  19. 

Phelps,  John  (master  of  the  Spy),  24,  44, 
98,  124,  293;  his  voyage  to  Persia,  99; 
and  to  Madagascar,  1 24 ;  his  bravery  in 
the  encounters  with  the  Portuguese,  49. 

Pice  (coin), /aji-m  ;  value  of,  150  «. 

Piece  goods.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Piff,  Leonard,  344. 

Plkdan,  360. 

'  Pilgars.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Pinatig,  278. 

Pinder,  Francis  (master  of  the  Falcon), 
103  «.;  complaints  by  and  against,  105, 
III,  114;  dismissed  his  ship,  in,  114; 
appointed  to  the  Royal  James,  105  ;  his 
account  of  Blyth's  voyage  to  India,  103 ; 
and  of  the  Royal  Jaines's  voyages,  108, 
117,  126. 

Pirates,  77.     See  also  Malabar. 

Pishkash,  255. 

Pistachios,  164,  237,  301,  319. 

Pistolets,  156,  233,  235. 

Plaster  of  Paris,  10,  83. 

'  Plate  tegalls.'     See  Tikdls. 

Plush,  157,  327. 

Pondicherri,  English  ship  visits,  16,  17,  41 ; 
the  English  invited  by  the  Nayak  to 
settle  at,  16,  19,  41 ;  cotton  cloth  from, 
19,  41,  119;  the  Danes  intercept  the 
trade  at,  xli  «.,  119. 

'Poora.'     ^^e  Sriharikota. 

Porcelain  {or  china-ware)  6,  12,  281,  284, 
297>  330,  340- 


INDEX 


381 


Porto  Novo,  14. 

Portuguese,  the,  references  to,  passun  ; 
designs  against  the  English,  79,  303 ; 
effect  on  the  English  trade,  193;  spy 
aboard  the  English  ships,  xxvii,  249, 
262  ;  attack  on  ships  from  England,  see 
Blyth;  their  shipping:  wrecked  off  the 
coast  of  India,  &c.,  73,  138,  208,  223, 
238,  352  ;  designs  on  and  instructions  for 
the  capture,  &c.,  of,  xxii,  xxvii,  69,  75, 
76(2),  105,109,164,  194,296,  301,  315; 
attacked  by  English  vessels,  184,  185, 
186,  217,  263-9;  ^"d  captured  by  them, 
8,  10,  29,  31,  39,  40,  43,  50,  61,  68,  80, 
114,  265,  278,  305;  Dutch  depredations 
on,  315  ;  fleets  off  the  coast  of  India, 
"7.  154)  155.  160,  254,  264,  296,  311, 
325,  361,  362  ;  reinforcements  for,  347  ; 
capture  of  native  vessels  by,  154,  328, 
361  ;  Shah  Jahan's  consequent  hostile 
attitude  towards,  326,  327,  329,  335 ; 
prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  English, 
31,  50,  80,  249;  release  of,  69,  82; 
instructions  as  to  the  treatment  of,  1 94 ; 
murder  of  English  prisoners  by,  xvi,  140, 
163;  exchange  of  prisoners  with,  9,  10, 
306,  323,  328  ;  assisted  by  the  Arabs,  84 ; 
trade  in  jewels,  86.  See  also  Basra,  Goa, 
Gombroon,  Persian  Gulf,  Surat,  &c 

Powell,  Edward,  4,  120. 

Predys,  Richard,  xxviii,  211,  222,  243,  285, 
302,  327,  330,  335;  signs  letters,  190, 
274;  his  account  of  Captain  Hall's 
voyages,  xxxi,  251-61,  301,  310,  320. 

Presson,  James,  285. 

Price,  — ,  145. 

Price,  William,  315,  345. 

Primeiras,  the,  185,  186. 

Pritnrose,  the,  166,  237;  at  Swally,  167, 
186. 

Prin,  Nicholas,  357,  362. 

Pring,  Martin,  14. 

Frins  van  Holland^  the,  17S. 

Prize  money,  293,  298. 

Ptildo,  48. 

Pulchari.     See  Pondicherri. 

Pulicat,  9,  14,  280 ;  errors  in  accounts 
from,  1 2  ;  removal  of  goods  from  and 
to,  xlvi,  13,  280,  315;  debts  at,  340; 
Dutch  ships  bring  supplies  to,  346 ; 
Dutch  trade  at,  342  ;  complaint  against 
Dutch  at,  123,  133,  135,  146;  they  offer 
to  lend  supplies  to  the  English,  346  ; 
Portuguese  depredations  on  shipping  at, 
xlviii,  343. 

Pumpkins,  no. 

Purifie,  John,  21,  115,  139,  161  ;  letters 
from,  21,  115,  139;  letter  to,  165;  in- 
crease in  his  salary,  165. 

Pynn,  John, 355  n. 


Qdfila.    See  Caphila. 

Qatil,  8,  120,  316. 

QdzT,  29,  191. 

'  Quarter  Pagodes,'  14. 

Quicksilver,  xxxv,  7  «.,  36,  128,  156,  180, 

244,    248,    258,    273,  343  ;  sale   of,   92, 

175;  price  of,  64,  92,  242,299,310,325, 

334;  shipment  of,  222. 
Quiemados  ('  Burnt ')  Islands,  259. 
Quilon,  264. 
Quilts,    209,   230,    235,  276,    309;    qtttni, 

93- 

Rdhddr,  32. 
Rdhddri,  176. 
Raisins,  48. 
Rals  Murad,  85. 

Raja  (Raza  or  Reza)  Bandor,  240  «.,  270. 

Rajapur,  258;  English  ships  at,  see  Seide- 

pore  ;  negotiations  for  establishing  trade 

at,  255-68 ;  Governor  of  {see  also  Sibo 

Sibo),    256,    264;    Portuguese   fleet   at, 

298. 
Rajpuri.     Sec  Danda  Rajpurl. 
Rajputs,  xviii,  171,  232. 
'  Rambuttans.'     See  Cotton  goods. 
Ramjl,  70. 

Rand,  Ralph,  210,  221,  314. 
Rander,  175,  2or. 
Ranthambhor,  171. 
Rdoti,  270,  361. 
Ras-al-hadd,  105. 
Ras-al-Kuh.     See  Mombarrique. 
Rastell,  Thomas,  President  at  Surat,  \i,  ix, 

5.  7.   27,  36;    letters  from,   3,  55,  66; 

letter  to,  78  ;  imprisoned  at  Surat,  4,  19 ; 

at  consultations  aboard  ship,   i,   24  n. ; 

sails  for  England,  xii,  65,   66,    88  ;    in 

London, 78. 
Rati,  89,  355. 
Rati,  3_55._ 
Raza,  Agha,  30. 
Read,  Thomas,  i. 
Red  Sea,  state  of  trade  in,  xxx,  158,  293, 

296;   English   trade   to,    60,    158,    214; 

abandoned,  36  ;  Indian  trade  to,  54,  154, 

158,    159,    166,    258 ;  Dutch    trade    to, 

158,  263,  265,  267;  Portuguese  fleet  in, 

154.     i'^^  Jiddah,  Mokha,  Sana,  &c. 
Reformation,   the,   v,    i,    11,    26  (2),    38; 

master  of,  see  Morris ;  at  Swally,  1,55; 

attacked  by  the  Portuguese  at  Ormus,  2 ; 

voyage  to  Achin  and  Batavia,  6,  7,  18, 

55  ;  and  to  Masulipatam,  41,  118  ;  arrives 

in  England,  308  ;  voyage  to  India,  xxxiii, 

355-7  ;    and  from   Surat  to   Gombroon 

and  back,  xxxiv,  361,  362. 
Refuge,  the,  xxii,  xxvi,  184,  185,  186,  219, 

220,  221,  223,  250,  262  ;  at  Swally,  178, 
I        187,    222;    voyage    to    Bantam,    xxvii. 


382 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


xxviii,    251,    255,    264,    267,   26S,  274; 

wrecked  there,  278,  291. 
Reunion  (Mascarenhas  c^r England's  Forest), 

English  ships  at,  263-7,  332,  333. 
Rials  of  eight,  references  to,  passim  ;  im- 
portation of,  XXXV ;  chests  of,  25,  102; 

gold  to  take  the  place  of,  66,  147,  162, 

180;  value  of,  66,  128,  181. 
Rice,  18,  20,  26(2),  39,  48,  77,  123,  316, 

329,  35O'  357-     S<:^  °-i^o  Paddy. 

•  Riders,'  Dutch,  156,  235. 
Roberts,  John,  278. 
Robinson,  Richard,  4,  9. 

Robinson,  Thomas,    265,   288,    289,    291, 

304,  325- 
Roderick,  Peter,  98. 
Rodrigo,  170. 
Rodriguez,  261-8. 
Roe,  Sir  Thomas,  195. 
Roebuck,  the,  11,  216. 
Rose,  John,  333. 
Rose,   the,   117,  124;  sails  for  Jambi,  11  ; 

and  for  Masulipatam,  97,  118;  wreck  of, 

xlii,  136,  145. 
Rosewater,  89,  107,  164,  237,  301,  319. 
Rosons,  Christopher,  103. 
Rowe,  John,  commander  of  the  Star,  24  w., 

44,  78 ;  at  consultations  aboard  the 
Royal  James,  32  n.,  34  «.,  68,  78  n. ;  his 
voyage  to  England,  76. 

Royal  Anne,  the.     .S"^^  Antie. 

Royal  Exchange,  the.     See  Exchange. 

Royal  James,  the,  ix,  xvi,  xxxiv,   14,  31, 

45,  55,  75,  83,  137,  140;  consultations 
aboard,  32,  34,  40,  45,  46,  67,  68,  75, 
78,  98,  III;  appointments  to,  24; 
voyage  to  India,  23(2),  24;  at  Swally, 
34,  36  ;  voyage  to  Persia  and  back,  39  (2), 
40,  55,  61,  82  ;  her  barge  captures  a 
Portuguese  vessel,  39 ;  engaged  in  the 
encounters  with  the  Portuguese,  xi,  47- 
54,  81-2  ;  damaged  in  the  fight,  49,  82  ; 
casualties  on,  50,  53,  81,  82,  85;  her 
armament,  50 ;  voyage  to  Batavia  and 
back,  xii,  65,  68,  73,  77  (2),  88,  91  (2), 
100,  102,  118;  captures  native  shipping, 
91,  92  ;  second  voyage  to  Persia,  98,  99, 
100,  103,105,  107,  108(2),  115, 116  (2), 
117,123;  voyage  to  England,  125,126  (2), 
150. 

Royal  Mary,  the.     See  Mary. 
Rubies,  195. 
Rtihy,i\it,  4,  12  (2). 
Rumsy,  Anthony,  278  w. 
Runds  (Indian  madder),  xxxv,  20,  22,  57, 
6i,  89,  150,^  163. 

*  Rundeleroes,'  121. 

Rupees,  passim;  Jahangiri,  33,  149,  228  ; 

khazana,  33  ;  sikka,  235,  238. 
Ruy  Freire.     See  De  Andrade. 


Saadat  Yar,  30. 

Sack,  297,  311. 

Sadra,  Hakim  {Masih-al-Zaman),  56,  171. 

Sadr  Khan,  127. 

Saffron,  7  w.,  12S. 

Safi,  the,  235. 

Saguaie,  255, 

Sahib-subah,  188,  203,  206. 

Said  Shaikhan,  3. 

Saif  Khan  Jahanglr  Shahi,  Nawab,  Viceroy 
of  Gujarat,  30,  189;  and  the  troubles  at 
Surat,  21,  32,  33,  58,  113;  assists  the 
factors,  N-ii,  59  ;  ordered  to  refund  money 
extorted  by  him,  viii,  32,  60;  accused  of 
receiving  bribes,  102  ;  presents  Hopkin- 
son  \\ath  a  horse,  113,  130;  seizes  the 
castle  at  Surat,  203  ;  dismissed  from  his 
post  by  Shah  Jahan,  xxv,  206. 

Sailors,  charged  with  pilfering,  i,  62,  67, 
194;  steps  taken  to  prevent  pilfering 
from  prizes  by,  20,  75,  76,  165  ;  diet 
whilst  in  port,  9,  10 ;  wages  of,  75 ; 
list  of,  to  be  furnished,  98. 

St.  Augustine's  Bay  (Madagascar),  xxix, 
24,  69,  104,  154,  178,  179,  200,  216, 
263-8,  284,  291. 

St.  Helena,  English  ships  at,  no,  218, 
250,  313,  314.  332,  333;  Portuguese 
deserters  at,  no;  accoimt  of  an  attack 
on,  46  n.,  no. 

'  St.  John's.'     See  Sanjan. 

St.  Lawrence.     See  Madagascar. 

'  Saitavda,'  253. 

Saiyid  AH,  the  QazI,  171. 

Salam,  232,  281. 

Salampores.     See  Cotton  goods. 

Saldanha  Bay,  25.     See  also  Table  Bay. 

'  Sallas '  ('  salowes ').     See  Cotton  goods. 

Salt,  25,  219;  shipped  as  ballast,  17; 
manufacture  of,  332. 

Saltpetre,  references  to,  passim  ;  shipped 
as  ballast,  83,  208 ;  shortage  in  sup- 
plies of,  239;  restrictions  on  trade  in, 
270,  335;  export  of,  xxxv;  to  Persia, 
301 ;  price  of,  215,  275. 

'  .Samadramoores.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Samana,  letters  from,  141,  149(2),  168, 
169  ;  investments  at,  xvii,  xxiv,  127,  149, 

153.173- 
Samuel,  the,  voyage  to  India,  xxxiii,  355- 
7;   captures   a   native  junk,    356,    357; 
destroyed  by  the  Portuguese,  xxxiii,  356, 

357- 
San  Sebastiao,  the,  47. 
San  Thom6,  9  ;  Captain  of,  letter  to,  9, 

10 ;  Portuguese  at,  xlviii,  343  ;  English 

designs  on  their  shipping,  280. 
Sana,  193;    Dutch  prisoners  at,  63,    158, 

351;  Pasha  of,  158;  grants /arwawj  for 

English  trade,  158,  159;  and  the  settle- 


INDEX 


3^3 


ment  of  a  factory  at  Mokha,  347-55  ; 
purchases  from  the  English,  349  ;  Dutch 
negotiations  with,  351;  a  new  Pasha 
appointed,  353. 
Sandal-wood,  31,  97,  118,  120,  131,  133, 
144,  181,  223,  281,  284,  291,  315,  330, 

339.  340,  341.  342,  346,  35i>  357- 

Sanduk  Sultan,  Governor  of  Gombroon, 
42,  81,  83  ;  negotiates  for  English  assis- 
tance against  the  Portuguese,  43-5 ; 
sends  supplies  to  their  ships,  81 ;  present 
for,  45  ;  friction  between  the  Dutch  and, 
80. 

Sanjan  (St.  John's),  186,  267 ;  Portuguese 
^t,  72,  73 ;  ship  wrecked  near,  xiv,  73, 
99. 

Santidas,  189,  215,  221. 

Sarai,  230. 

Saris.     See  Sayers. 

Sarkdr.     See  Sircar. 

Sarkhej,  indigo  from,  xxxv,  38,  93,  230, 
232,  326;   price  of,  63,  208,  275,  334, 

335- 

Sarraf,  150,  296,  354. 

Sarvayya  {or  'Surwaye'),  131,  132. 

Satins,  38,  63,  150,  157,  173,  195,  224. 

Sayers,  Abraham,  his  account  of  the  Hope- 
welVs  voyages,  185,  218,  266;  and  of 
the  Star's  voyage  to  England,  313. 

Sayers  {or  Saris),  Edmund,  97,  98,  106. 

Schoonhoven,  the,  5,  11,  25  «. 

Scout,  the,  ix,  xiv,  24,  35,  54,  76,  91,  106, 
207,  216,  225  ;  master  of,  see  Best  and 
Evans ;  appointments  to,  24,  54 ;  at 
Swally,  24,  32,  35  ;  takes  part  in  the  en- 
counters with  the  Portuguese,  46  ;  sails 
for  Swally,  67  ;  her  voyage  in  search  of 
the  Antie,  xiii,  54,  68,  69-73,  82,  88  ; 
her  encounter  with  a  native  vessel,  72  ; 
her  cruise  to  assist  the  ships  from  Eng- 
land, 97 ;  returns  to  Swally,  98  ;  her 
voyage  to  England,  106-12;  returns  to 
the  East,  xxii,  184-6  ;  detained  at  Aden, 
xxii,  XXX,  279,  288,  292,  293,  305,  353. 

Scudamore,  Edward,  210,  212,  227,  294. 

Seals,  250. 

Sebuku  Island,  13,  17  (2),  91  (2). 

'  Secrecour.'   See  Sriharikota. 

Seer,  references  to,  passim, 

Seidepore  {or  Jaitapur),  Hall's  fleet  visits, 
354-68. 

'  Selas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

*  Semeanes.'     See  Cotton  goods. 
Sequins  ('  checkeenes '),  156,  350,  355. 

*  Serasses.'    See  Cotton  goods, 

'  Seribaffs.'     See  Cotton  goods. 
Seiyas.     See  Cotton  goods. 
Sesamum  seeds,  316. 
Sewell,  Edward,  24. 
Shahbandar,  2 1 2,  283,  330. 


Sliahi,  the,  253,  362. 

Shahabad,  I49  n. 

Shah  Jahan  (Khurram),  Prince,  xxiv,  188, 
321 ;  and  the  succession,  xvii-xix,  189, 
190,  202-7,  226,  231,  235;  in  rebellion 
against  Jahangir,  xiii,  78,  95,  96,  151-3, 
171-2,  180;  his  designs  on  Gujarat,  78, 
153;  his  adherents,  95;  marches  into 
Sind,  xix,  152;  passes  near  Surat,  xxv, 
78,  161,  162;  retreats  into  the  Deccan, 
xix,  161  ;  extortions  on  his  behalf,  xxv, 
189,  191.  205,  206 ;  proclaimed  Em- 
peror, xxix,  204-6,  228  ;  presents  from 
the  factors  for,  xxv,  205,  228,  229;  at 
Agra,  xxv,  xxix,  229,  231  ;  and  the 
minting  of  coins,  xxix,  232 ;  he  mounts 
the  throne,  234,  240 ;  murder  of  his 
rivals,  xxix,  240,  242 ;  his  sons,  247 ; 
his  farman  disobeyed,  273;  his  junk  {see 
also  the  Fath),  304;  horses  for,  322; 
final  submission  of  discontented  nobles, 
&c.,  XXX,  xxxii,  271,  336;  his  attitude 
towards  the  Portuguese,  xxxii,  326,  327, 
335  ;  threatens  reprisals  for  the  capture 
of  native  shipping,  xxxii,  327,  328, 
329  n.,  330  ;  desires  English  assistance, 
xxxii,  328,  336. 

Shahriyar,  Sultan,  xvii,  153,  172;  pro- 
claimed Emperor,  xxiv,  206  ;  his  forces 
defeated,  xxiv,  179«.,  226;  murder  of, 
xxix,  240,  242. 

Shah  Shuja,  240,  247. 

Shaikh  All,  191,  249. 

Shamiydna,  361. 

Sharp,  Nicholas,  356,  361. 

Shashes  (turban-cloths),  32M.,  33,  62,  139, 
158,  209,  224,  227,  327,  350. 

Shehr.     See  Shuhair. 

Sherley,  Sir  Robert,  xxii,  100,  102,  207, 
216,  225,  237;  death  of,  xxiiiw. ;  his 
wife,  102,  207,  216,  225. 

Shinas,  84. 

Ship-building  in  India,  viii,  17«.,  85,  198, 
218. 

Shipman,  James,  285. 

Ship-masters,  giving  of  presents  by,  for- 
bidden ,12;  complaint  as  to  their  attitude 
towards  the  factors,  295,  326  ;  extra 
allowance  for,  326. 

Shiqdar,  175. 

Shiraz,  85  ;  wine  of,  89,  107,  164. 

Shiraz,  Khan  of,  22,  42,  81,  85,  237 ;  letter 
to,  45 ;  letter  from,  83 ;  builds  a  castle 
at  Gombroon,  22  ;  at  Bagdad,  36  ;  be- 
sieges Basra  {q.v!),  42 ;  complaint  against, 
43,  44 ;  exempts  the  Dutch  from  payment 
of  customs,  44. 

Shitranjl,  360. 

Shorter,  James,  111. 

Shot,  manufacture  of,  73,  85. 


384 


THE   ENGLISH    FACTORIES 


Shuhair,  3,  70,  71  ;  the  Scout  at,  70 ; 
Indian  trade  to,  72  ;  Governor  of,  see 
Mnrad  Amir. 

Shuker,  Jeremy,  2S5,  294,  298,  299,  311  ; 
letters  from,  190,  230,  231,  234,  238, 
244(2),  245,  249,  269,  272,  274;  his 
salary,  66. 

Shyam,  177. 

Siam,  Portuguese  treachery'  in,  9. 

Sibo  Sibo,  254.  255,  274. 

Sidi  Ambar,  xx^-ii,  252. 

Silk,  67,  88,  214;  from  Bengal,  25;  re- 
imbaling  of,  at  Surat,  319.  See  also 
Persia. 

Silk  grass,  25,  26. 

Sill,  Henr)',  359. 

Silver,  38,  326;  value  of,  181,  334;  from 
Japan,  4,  26,  144. 

Silver  lace,  xxxv,  241. 

Simon  and  Jude.,  the,  takes  part  in  the  en- 
counters with  the  Portuguese,  46 ;  cap- 
tures two  junks,  77  ^2) ;  at  Bata\ia,  118, 
178. 

Sind,  the  English  granted  freedom  of  trade 
in,  27;  Shah  Jahan  marches  into,  xix, 
152.     See  also  Diul-Sind  and  Tatta. 

Sircar,  141,  173,  176;  term  explained, 
141  «.,  176  n. 

Sirhind,  letters  from,  149,  177. 

Sitdn-barat,  32  «.,  33- 

Skibbow,  John,  210,  215,  277,  303,  337; 
letters  from,  191,  222,  250,  275,  276, 
299=  323,  325,  328,  333,  336  ;  his  salary, 

314- 
Skins  used  for  packing,  87. 
Slade,  James  (master  of  the  Blessing),  215, 

278  ;  letters  from,  215,  221  (2),  222  (2)  ; 

at  consultations  aboard  ship,  168,  287, 

289,  300,  303. 
Slaves,  83,   97,    118,   136,    165,   224,  265, 

267,  269,  357;    for   Persia,  187 «.     See 

also  Coolies. 
Smith,  Edward,  34. 
Smith,    George,    45,    163 ;     letters    from, 

loi  (2),  139. 
Smith,  Lieutenant  Osmond,  145,  147,  148. 
Smith   {or  Smythe),  Robert,  24  w.,   32 «., 

67W-I  75,96,  97,  288. 
Smith  {or  Smythe),  Thomas,  210,  285  «., 

314- 
Socotra,  54,  68,  69,  82,  88 ;  the  Scout  at, 

69  ;  aloes  from,  93,  209,  309  ;  King  of, 

69  ;  letter  to,  3  ;  letters  from,  3,  63. 
Sofala,  214. 
Sotnbra.  79. 
Southaike,    Richard,    230,  231,  273,   274; 

letters  from,  238,  239,  247. 
South  Holland,  the.     See  Zuid  Holland. 
Spain,  Infanta  of,  85. 
Spectacles,  93. 


Spices  (including  cinnamon,  cloves,  mace, 
and  nutmegs),  references  to  and  trade  in, 
passim;  price  of,  228,  291. 

Spikenard,  175,  209. 

Spy,  the,  ix,  35,  77,  112,  160,  163,  305, 
352 ;  master  of,  see  Phelps  ;  voyage  to 
India,  23,  24;  captures  a  Portuguese 
vessel,  39,  40 ;  takes  part  in  the  en- 
counter with  the  Portuguese,  46,  49 ; 
voyage  to  Batana  and  back,  68,  82,  88, 
91,  118  ;  refits  at  Swally,  98  ;  voyage  to 
Persia  and  back,  xiv,  91,  92,  98,  99, 103, 
1 15-17,  118  ;  sent  to  Madagascar  to  meet 
outward-bound  ships,  xvi,  123,  124,  125, 
126,  154,  293. 

Sriharikota,  siege  of,  120,  128,  132,  133. 

Stammell  (bastard  scarlet  or  stammet),  134, 
180,  196,  325,3.34,  350- 

Star,  the,  ix,  xxxiv,  xxxv,  24,  25,  31,  34, 
44,  75,  83,  109,  259,  287,  320,  360; 
master  of,  see  Barnes,  Malim,  Pashley, 
and  Rowe ;  consultation  aboard,  362  ; 
voyage  to  India,  23-5,  34,  36;  Persian 
ambassador  embarks  in,  xii,  45,  53 ; 
engaged  in  the  fights  with  the  Portu- 
guese, 47-54;  casualties  on,  50,  53,  85; 
her  armament,  50 ;  returns  to  Swally, 
82  ;  supplies  for,  68 ;  voyage  to  England, 
65,  76,  77  (2),  78,  88  ;  returns  to  India, 
xxii,  178,  183  ;  voyage  to  Persia  and 
back,  xxiii,  179,  186,  187,  188,  216,  220; 
and  along  the  coast  of  India  and  to  the 
Comoro  Islands,  250-69 ;  second  voyage 
to  England,  285,  291,  303,  312-4,  324, 

329^  333- 

Staverton,  Thomas,  letter  to,  7. 

Steel,  Richard,  letters  from,  148,  182,  278, 

Steel,  337  ;  purchase  of,  6,  55. 

Sterne,  Charles,  182,  236. 

Stockton,  Francis,  278 «.;  letter  from, 
186. 

Strethay,  John,  210. 

Strong  waters,  for  presents,  38,  271. 

Stubbs,  Thomas,  327. 

Styles,  Captain  Thomas,  310. 

Subadar.     See  Sahib-subah. 

Suffield,  Arthur,  210,  288,  314. 

Sugar,  from  Surat,  55  ;  from  Agra,  176, 
228,  236,  239;  from  Ahmadabad,  230, 
235,  241,  246;  from  Rajapur,  258;  dear- 
ness  of,  212,  335;  price  of,  221;  candy, 
55,  286  ; /a^a,  236. 

Sugarloaf  Mountain,  23. 

Suhar,  54, 

Sumatra,  64 ;  pepper  from,  9,  10 ;  gold 
from,  181  ;  dispatch  of  ships  for,  11,  18, 
65.     See  also  Achin  and  ]z.vah\. 

Snnda,  Isles  of,  10;  Straits  of,  13,  178. 
See  also  Lagundy. 

*Snnneas'  {Sond),  235,  270. 


INDEX 


385 


Sural,  letters  to  and  from,  and  references 
to,  passitn ;  shipping  at  the  port  of,  see 
Swally ;  Governor  of,  xxv,  28,  29,  116, 
157, 1 74,  311 ;  factors  to  embark  on  ships 
only  on  his  permit,  viii,  29  ;   his  jnnk, 
166,    167  ;   trades  %vith  the  English,  196, 
307,  326;  present  for,  328;  Shahbandar 
of,  212,  330;  President  at,  see  Kerridge, 
Rastell,  a«^  Wylde ;  President  and  Coun- 
cil, grant  of  judicial  powers  to,  by  King 
James,  65,  337 ;   their  instructions :    for 
various  voyages,  69,  74,  76(3),  97,  99, 
105,  109,  123,  124,  125,  164,  277,  298, 
301  (2) ;  to  the  factors  in  Persia,  99;  as 
to  commission  and  brokerage,   92;    for 
the   capture    of  Portuguese   and   native 
shipping,  105,  124,  298,  302,  327,  335  ; 
for  governing  the  conduct  of  seamen  and 
for  the  prevention  of  private  trade,  286, 
287  ;  and  for  the  disposal  of  ships'  ballast, 
300 ;  they  appoint  a  rendezvous  for  India 
bound  ships,   xvi,    124,    140,    160,    213; 
accusations  against,  by  the  Persian  factors, 
xxxi,  288,  304;  their  reply  and  counter- 
charges, xxxi,  xxxii,  336-8;  consultations 
by,  68,  73,  89,  90,  92,  94,  98,  108,  III, 
119,  285,  299,  303,  340;  to  consult  sea 
commanders  as  to  the  disposal  of  ship- 
ping,   64,    74  ;    factors    at,    see   Barber, 
Boothby,  Burt,  Hoare,  Hopkinson,  Mar- 
tin, Page,  a//i/Skibbow ;  housing  of  factors 
at,   28;    their  salaries,   i,  314;    factory 
accounts,  64,  175,  213,  306,  327,  334; 
remarks   on    factory,    &c.,    expenses    in 
India,   xxxvii,    294,    331  ;    inventory   of 
household  utensils,  &c.,  at,  360 ;  English 
broker  at,  see  Hariji  ;  captain  of  the  castle 
at,  see  Jam  Quli  Beg ;  the  castle  seized 
by  Saif  Khan,  xxv,  203  ;  and  surrendered 
to  Shah  Jahan,  xxv,  206  ;  troubles  with 
the  authorities  at,  vi,  19-21,  36,  56-61, 
176,  I77>  179;  imprisonment  of  factors, 
vi,  vii,  4,  18,  26,  56,  58;   consultation 
in   prison,    19 ;'  plans    for    the    seizure 
of  native  shipping,  ^^i,  viii,  18,  19-21, 
57)  59>  60,  61,  179;  restitution  of  goods 
taken  in  a  Chaul  junk,  66, 67  ;  release  of 
factors,  vii,  18,  33,  58  ;  settlement  of  the 
troubles,  viii,  21,  32-3,  36,  59;  amicable 
relations  between  English  and  natives  at, 
xxxi,  192,211  ;  agreement  for  the  regula- 
tion of  the  English  trade,  &c.,  viii,  27-30, 
33,  59,60,  113, 176;  extortions  from  the 
factors,    173;    restitution   of  money  ex- 
torted, viii,  32,   33,  60 ;    punishment  of 
offenders   at,   28  ;    disposal  of  deceased 
men's  property,  29 ;   restrictions  on  the 
sale  of  coral  at,  \-iii,  27,  59,  63,  67;  and 
on  the  importation  of  munitions,   293; 
state  of  trade  at,  138,  156,  157,  192-6, 


291,  335  ;  debts  at,  xxvi,  xxx,  61,  63,  89, 
100,  103,  154,  163,  194,  201,  285,  295, 
296,  299,  300,  306,  326,  329-31,   334; 
goods  provided  and  saleable  at,  61-4,  92, 
181,    325-S ;    value    of  shipments  from, 
xxxiv,  XXXV,  333  ;  want  of  supplies  at, 
140,  227,   277,   294-6,  308;  shortage  of 
provisions  at,  owing  to  drought,  xxxii  11., 
329  ;    manufacture    of  shot  at,   73,  85  ; 
custom-house  at.  28,  29,  92  ;  Customer 
at,  157,  176;  customs  duties  at,  59,  179; 
farming  of,  1 95  ;   trouble  with  regard  to 
the  imposition  of,  xxvi,   175,  176,   192, 
201;   supplies  from:    for  Achin,  12,  55, 
61  (2),  163;  for  Batavia  and  Bantam,  6, 
7,  II,  18,  38,  55,  61(2),  65,  163,  200, 
223,  227,  275,  276,  2S7,  291,  292,  294, 
297>  305>  307,  329-31-  357;  for  Masuli- 
patam  and  Armagon,  xlvi,  160,  325,  329  ; 
supplies  for  :   from  Batavia  and  Bantam, 
100, 103, 251,  329,  330,  357 ;  interchange 
of  commodities  with  Batavia  and  Bantam, 
XXXV,  157,  iSo,  iSi,  220,  297  ;  slaves  for, 
83;  junks  of,  73,  179,  192,  248,301,362; 
sail  for  Persia,  39,  79,  312-14,  320,  362  ; 
and  for  the  Red  Sea,  54,  57,  166  ;  native 
merchants  from,  sail  for  Persia,  161,  163, 
165,  300,  302  ;  passages  for,  on  English 
ships,   refused,  68,  73,    292,    309,  329; 
shipment    of    goods    for,    xxx,    xxx\-ii, 
55,   106,  161,  163,  207,  211,  221,   222, 
223,  292,  296,  297,300,  306,  309,  325, 
329,  330  ;  Shah  Jahan  near,  xix,  xxv,  78, 
161,    162  ;    fears   for   the   safety  of  the 
factory,  78  ;  he  is  visited  by  the  factors, 
xxv,  205-6  ;  he  absolves  the  English  from 
meeting  unjust  demands,  32S  ;  minting  of 
coins  at,  xxix,   232  ;    Dutch  aX, passim; 
their   chief,    see   Van    den    Broeck   a7id 
Van  Hasel ;   letter  to,  6.  324 ;  and  the 
troubles  with  the  authorities,  60  ;  offer  to 
assist  the  English,  4  ;  and  the  seizure  of 
native  shipping,  20,  21  ;  assist  the  natives 
against  the  English,  vi,  6,  7,  iS,  20,  57  ; 
joint  cruise  with  the  English  to  Persia, 
ix,  xvi,  35,  37,  39,  79,  88,  100, 103,  107, 
108,    112,   116,    117,    161,    162,   164-8; 
names   of  the   ships  in  the  fleet,  109  ; 
supplies  for,  from  Europe,  94.  201,  294; 
supplied  with  English  stores.  Sec,  161, 
223,   297,  307;    carry  goods  for  native 
merchants,    306,    330;    Dutch    deserters 
harboured  by  the  English  at,  214,  224; 
murder  of  an  English  sailor  by  a  Dutch- 
man, 265  ;  release  of  the  culprit,  293. 

Surgeons,  ships',  72,  93,    See  also  Hammon, 
Hull,  Morgan,  Turner,  and  Vincent, 

'  Sursalles.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Swallow,  the,  xlvi-xlviii,  290(2),  316,  324, 
339>  34I;  357- 


C  C 


386 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


Swally,  port  of  Snrat,  references  to,  and 
English  ships  at,  passim  ;  supplies  for 
ships  at,  28  ;  disposal  of  ships' ballast  at, 
300 ;  housing  of  surplus  ships'  stores, 
288 ;  wreck  of  a  prize  at,  31,  61  ;  Portu- 
guese fleet  off.  ix,  39  (2),  40,  50,  61,  65, 
73,  88,  96,  99,  100,  102,  109,  138; 
challenge  to  the  Anglo-Dutch  fleet  from, 
xiv,  104,  139;  the  Dutch  decline  to 
attack  them,  xiv,  xvi,  117,  137,  138, 140, 
160;  attacks  on  English  pinnaces  at,  see 
Little  fames  and  Samuel ;  Dutch  ships 
at.  passim ;  Dutch  ship  wrecked  off, 
167. 

Swally  Marine,  202,  203,  207,  224,  285, 
286,  300. 

Swan,  Richard,  xxx^-iii. 

Swanley,  Richard,  master  of  the  James, 
24,  32,  44,  75,  98,  loi,  106,  124;  in 
charge  of  the  Falcon,  in,  114;  captain 
o{  \!at  Jonas,   284,  2S7,  289,  300,  301, 

303-  337- 
Swanley,  Richard,  master  of  the  Lion,  death 

of,  XV,  loi,  140. 
Symms,  Andrew,  his  account  of  the  Hart's 

voyage  to  the  Coromandel  Coast,  17. 
Sytuore,  253. 

Table  Bay,  English  and  Dutch  ships  at, 
23(2),  24,  34,  35,  109,  no,  125,  126, 
155,  184,  185,  186,  217,  218,  250,  313, 

314,  332,  333- 

Taffeta,  12S,  134. 

Tahmuras,  murder  of,  xxix,  240,  242. 

TahvTlddr,  172. 

Taiz,  351. 

Taj  Khan,  242,  273  n. 

Takht,  234. 

'  Tamona  '  {or  Tambona),  Hall's  fleet  at, 
254-68,  274. 

Tanjur,  proposed  settlement  at,  xxxix,  2,  3, 
4,  6,  7,  8,  13,  15,  18  ;  Danish  opposition 
to  the  scheme,  xl,  14,  65;  failure  of  the 
enterprise,  xl,  15,  19,  40,  41,  65  ;  factors 
for,  9  ;  cotton  cloth,  &c.,  from,  2,  4,  10, 
12,  13,  19,  41,  119  ;  pepper  from,  xxxix, 
xli,  2,  4,  12,  19  ;  Dutch  fail  to  establish 
themselves  in,  xxxix ;  Danes  at,  xxxix, 
2,  7,  9  ;  Portuguese  at,  3,  9,  15  ;  Nayak 
of,  xxxix,  6,  8,  14,  15,  16  w.,  18,  19; 
letter  to,  7;  letter  from,  7,  12;  present 
of  ship's  guns  for,  9,  10,  15.  See  also 
Karikal. 

Tapestry,  xxxv,  79,  n3,  157,  224,  228, 
327;  sale  of,  64,  86,  87,  95,  127,  151, 
195,  311;  sent  to  Persia,  64;  price  of. 
87. 

'Tappies.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

'  Tapsiles.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Tapti  River,  28,  73. 


Tasft,  247. 

Tatta.  xix ;  proposed  factory  at,  xxxii, 
326. 

Tattii,  361. 

Taiva,  361. 

Taylor,  Thomas,  290. 

Taylor,  William,  355  n. 

Tegnapatam,  13,  16,  17;  pagodas  at,  13, 
14;  cotton  cloth  from,  16.  See  also 
Malaya. 

Thaman,  354. 

Thana,  186,  197. 

Thatholi,  239. 

Thomas.  John,  289. 

Tiger,  the,  332,  333. 

Tikdls,  120. 

Tiles,  10. 

Tin,  xxxv,  7  n.  ;  from  Perak,  181. 

TirumuUavasal,  14. 

Tirupapuliyur,  13. 

TTsrd-pahar,  141. 

Tissue,  cloth  of,  157. 

Tobacco,  2S6,  309,  350,  351. 

Told,  156,  235. 

Tortehhiif,  the,  26  «. 

Tottle,  Robert,  xvii,  xxiv,  114,  162,  173, 
230,  234,  238,  239,  273,  275;  letters 
from,  140,  141,  149(3),  168, 169, 177  (2), 
2  48  ;  his  salarj-,  i  ;  and  private  trade, 
149,  150,  168,  169,  170;  his  return  to 
England,  277,  295. 

Toj's,  127,  133,  134,  195.    See  also  Brinco. 

Tozer,  William,  236. 

Trade,  private,  xxx^■ii,  74,  108,  138,  145, 
211,  224,  286,  337;  suppression  of,  10, 
13,  286,  287,  308,  321;  restrictions  on, 
II,  106  ;  charging  of  freight  and  customs 
on,  43,  73,  195  ;  hindere  the  Company's 
trade,  156,  227,  286,  291;  proclamation 
against,  xxxvii,  297  ;  book  on  {HcaltJCs 
Sickness),  298.  See  also  under  factors' 
names. 

Trafford,  Edward.  4,  12,  146 ;  chief  at 
Petapoli,  xlii,  115,  120,  135  ;  at  Masuli- 
patam,    117,    118,  120;    death   of,   xlii, 

H5-  ,.  ,    . 

Tranquebar,  8  n.\  Danes  at,  xli,  119  ;  their 
fort,  14,  16;  offer  of,  to  the  Dutch,  359. 

'  Tremeldanes'  ('  Tremalavas'),  14. 

'  Tricandees.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Tromba,  23. 

Tuck  {or  Tuke),  Richard,  197,  253,  254. 

Tuhfa.  114,  130,  170,  215. 

Tumdn,  passim. 

'  Tureas.'     See  Cotton  goods. 

Turks  captured  in  a  Chaul  junk,  36,  58  ;  at 
Lahore,  33  ;  their  complaint  to  Jahangir 
against  the  English,  vii,  33,  58,  59,  102  ; 
loss  of  Mokha  trade  owing  to  troubles 
with,  36,  63 ;   the  Arabs  rebel  against. 


INDEX 


387 


XXX,  351  ;  Shah  of  Persia  at  war  with 
{see  also  IBasra),  37,  237,  312.  See  also 
Grand  Signor. 

Turmeric,  258. 

Turner,  George,  164.   210,  238,  244,  255, 

314- 
Turner,  Thomas.  302. 
Turpentine,  349. 
Turtle-shells,  144,  181,  291,  315,  330,  339, 

341- 

Uinard.     See  Amir. 

L'niiy,  the,  3,  4  (3},  13  (2) ;  voyage  to 
Masulipatam,  xl,  7,  8(2),  11,  12,  18;  at 
Masulipatam,  25,  26  ;  unseaworthy  con- 
dition of,  13,  iS;  to  be  broken  up,  17; 
her  cargo  transferred  to  the  Hart,  15, 
17- 

'  Valentine  Peak,'  23. 

'  Vail,'  156. 

Van  den  Broeck,  Pieter,  Dutch  chief  at 
Surat  {q.v.),  vii,  4,  27,  iii,  214,  224, 
297,  307,  328  ;  letter  from,  3. 

Van  Hasel,  Jan,  328  ii.,  329. 

Van  Speult,  Herman,  x\-i ;  Dutch  Governor 
of  AmbojTia,  97;  his  fleet,  117  «.,  137, 
161 ;  protest  against  his  appointment  as 
commander  of  the  fleet  for  Persia,  97, 
118;  bis  voyage  to  the  Red  Sea,  154; 
refuses  to  attack  the  Portuguese,  137; 
death  of,  154,  350. 

Van  Uffelen,  Abraham,  5  ;  death  of,  67. 

Vapour,  Hendrick  Arentszoon,  175. 

Variao,  28,  229  ;  customs  duties  at,  230. 

Velvets,  128,  134,  150. 

Venice  cloth,  349, 

Venkatagiri,  Nayak  of.  See  Armagon, 
Nayak  of. 

Verhoeve,  Adam,  191. 

Vermilion,  7  n.,  128,  346. 

Vemworthy,  Anthony,  letter  from,  357. 

Vian,  John  (master  oi iht  Discovery) ,  78  n,, 
218  ;  his  account  of  the  attack  on  Bom- 
bay, 142  ;  and  of  the  Discovery's  voyages, 
140,  165,  177,  178,  217,355,  361. 

Vianen,  the,  218. 

Viara,  28,  176. 

Vilinjam,  261. 

Vincent,  Richard,  289. 

Vincent,  Thomas,  66. 

Vine,  John,  77. 

Vingeron,  Bay  of,  136. 

Virginia,  25. 

Virji  Vora,  30,  190,  212,  234,  239,  271, 
300,  306 ;  trades  with  the  English,  90, 

94>  327.  334- 
Viziadrug.     See  Kharepatan. 
Vrinson,  Peter,  293,  300. 


Wade,  William,  314. 

Waight,  Walter,  66. 

WakTl,  30,  190,  234. 

IValcheren,  the,  73,  99,  109,  i6r,  350  «. 

Waller,  Thomas  (master  of  the  Morris), 
168,  182,  290;  letter  from,  6. 

Wamsly,  Peter,  287. 

Wapen  van  Encuseii,  the,  18. 

Wapen  van  Hoorn,  the,  109. 

Wapen  van  Rotterdam,  die,  4,  13,  17, 
19  «. 

Wapen  van  Zeeland,  the,  165,  166,  i68 ; 
takes  part  in  the  encotmter  with  the 
Portuguese,  142-4. 

Warden,  Andrew,  his  account  of  the  attack 
on  Bombay,  144 ;  and  of  the  William'' s 
voyages,  141,  167,  17S,  180,  187,  249. 

'  Watchett,'  62,  92,  180. 

Waterhont,  the,  i36«. 

Watson,  Walter,  218. 

Watts,  Thomas  (master  of  the  Expcditioti), 
287  M.,  289M.,  300 «.,  302,  303  «. 

Webb,  John,  210,  314,  327,  330. 

Weddell,  Captain  John,  ix,  xiii,  355 «.; 
letters  from,  34,  79,  83,  112;  letters  to, 
83,  84;  his  private  trade,  79;  his  fleet, 
xxxiii,  31,  34,  76,  355  n. ;  complaint  as 
to  supplies  for,  83  ;  sails  for  Persia,  xvi, 
39,  50,  61,  118;  at  Gombroon,  42,  51, 
115,  116;  engaged  in  the  encounters 
with  the  Portuguese,  see  Persian  Gulf; 
his  bravery  in  action,  47  ;  his  instructions 
for  various  voyages,  74,  105,  123;  con- 
sultations in  his  fleet,  24,  32,  34,  42-5, 
48,  49, 68,  75,  78,  98,  loi,  1 1  r ;  members 
of  his  council,  75, 1 24 ;  voyage  to  England, 
123-6;  return  voyage  to  India,  355-7. 

Wesp,  the,  ix,  18,  24,  27  «.,  76,  79,  109, 
182  n.,  275,  353 ;  engaged  in  the  en- 
counters with  the  Portuguese,  xi,  47-54, 
356 ;  her  armament,  50  ;  at  Batavia, 
178. 

West,  Nathaniel,  xvii,  158,  230,  233,  234, 
310.  327.  35°;  letters  from,  229,  234, 
238,  244(2),  245,  249,  269,  274;  im- 
pri.soned  at  Surat,  19  ;  his  salary,  315. 

Whale,  the,  i,  7. 

Wheat,  10,  12,  39,  236,  329,  349,  357. 

Wheatley,  Henry,  2\n.,  75,  124;  letters 
from,  34,  74;  at  consultations  aboard  the 
Royal  James,  32  n.,  67  n.,  78  n. ;  his 
private  trade,  74. 

White,  Daniel,  24^.,  288,  29S  ;  letter  from, 
274  ;  at  consultations  aboard  the  Royal 
James,  32  n.,  67  n.,  78  it.  ;  sails  for 
England,  77. 

White,  John,  278  «. 

White,  William,  302. 

Wickson  {or  Nicholson),  Henry,  288,  353. 

Wilbraham,  Thomas,  288,  310,  314. 


388 


THE   ENGLISH   FACTORIES 


IVilliavi,  the,  v-ix,  xxix,  xxxiv.  xxxv,  57, 
60,  61,65,  114-  168,  185,  24S,  261,  262; 
master  of,  see  Brown;  armament  of,  32  ; 
at  Swally,  6,  19,  24,  31,  34,  35  (2),  39, 
40  (2),  5i>  55.  58?  79)  80  ;  voyage  to 
Batavia  and  back,  viii,  18,  26;  and  to 
Persia,  21,  22  ;  designed  for  England,  6, 
32,  37,  55,  66  ;  winters  at  Batavia,  58, 
61 ;  sails  for  England,  xii,  88  ;  returns 
to  India,  xix,  140,  141,  154;  at  the 
attack  on  Bombay,  142-4  ;  second  voy- 
age to  Persia,  xxi,  xxii.  164-7;  third 
voyage  to  Bata\ia  and  back,  xxii,  177-9. 
181;  third  voyage  to  Persia  and  back, 
179, 186,  187,  188,  216, 220,  225 ;  lading 
of,  at  Swally,  2  74-6  ;  second  voyage  to 
England,  214,  227,  249-50,  263-8,  277, 
2S9,  295. 

Williamson,  George,  236,  301,  319,  337. 

Willonghby,  George,  360. 

\Villoughby,  John,  vi,  \-iii,  32,  34,  89,  103, 
127,  162,  299,  310;  letters  from.  32,  94, 
112;  returns  to  England,  127;  again  at 
Surat,  285  ;  his  salary,  314. 

Wills,  Joseph  'master  of  the  Falcon).  75, 
96,  97,  98,  loi,  124;  his  instructions  for 
a  voyage  to  Masnlipatam,  124;  death  of, 

145- 
Wills,  Matthew,  103  n.,  186. 
Wine,   32,  66,  83,  344;  of  Shiraz,  89,  107, 

164. 
Winterbome,  Thomas,  140. 
Wodder,  Robert,    210,    236,    319;    letters 

from,  236,  288,  319. 
Woolhouse,  Rev.  John,  103,  114. 
Woolley,  Nicholas,  108,  210,  314. 
IVuqiyyah,  355. 
Wyche,  Nathaniel,  211  ;  letters  from,  229, 


231,  235,  238,  241,  242,  244,  245,  270, 
2  73)  275  ;  hissalar>',  314. 
Wylde,  Richard,  74;?.,  325;  letters  from, 
passim ;  sails  for  India,  24  n.  ;  at  Surat, 
68,  129;  his  salar)',  74  w.,  314;  and 
private  trade,  74,  79,  129,  139, 168,  286, 
327  ;  at  consultations  aboard  ship,  96, 
98,  loi.  III,  287,  289,  300,  303;  his 
answers  to  the  auditor's  criticisms,  213, 
215;  President  at  Surat  {q.v."),  xxviii, 
277,  285,  299,  303;  accusations  against, 
xxxi,  304,  319-23  ;  his  return  to  England, 
304- 

Yaqub  Khan,  Governor  of  Broach,  190, 
191,  206,  230.  231,  249  ;  trades  with  the 
English,  269. 

Young,  Robert,  vi,  viii,  56,  58,  61,  94,  iii, 
309;  letters  from,  32,  89,  127;  sails  for 
Persia,  iii,  112;  his  private  trade,  127; 
his  return  to  England,  xiii,  89,  94,  103, 
123,  127. 

Yusuf  Turki,  3. 

Zahid,  HajT,  330. 

Zakdt,  28  «. 

Zaman  Bahadur,  Khan  (Khanazad  Khan  or 
Mirza  Aman-uUah),  204,  242  ;  espouses 
the  cause  of  Dawar  Bakhsh,  232,  233 ; 
in  Shah  Jahan's  service,  241. 

Zamorin,  the,  75  n. 

Zeila,  213. 

Zierikzee,  the,  142-4. 

Zodiacal  coins,  xxx,  241. 

Zuid  Holland,  the,  ix,  18,  24,  27  m.,  79; 
engaged  in  the  encounters  with  the  Portu- 
guese, xi,  46-54 ;  her  armament,  50. 


CORRIGENDUM. 
Oil  p.  xxix,  /.  30,  for  Shah  Jahan's  read  Jahangir's. 


6^ 


Oxford  :  Printed  at  the  Clarendon  Press  by  HORACE  Hart,  M.A. 


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