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208 


INDEX. 


Westwood,  J.  0.,  Oxford,  148 
White,  F.  W.  B.,  Athole  Place,  Perth,  131 
Wilkinson,  H.,  Milford  Junction,  York- 
shire, 63 

Wilkinson,  T.  C.,  Th timing-  Rectory,  near 
Oundle,  Northamptonshire,  36 
Wilson,  John,  jun.,  Witton  Castle,  Dur- 
ham, 163 

Winter,  W.,  Aldeby,  near  Beccles,  4,  8, 
26,  88,  99,  152,  173,  189,  190,  192 
Wood,  Thomas,  39,  Bondgate,  Darling- 
ton, 116 

Wragg,  J.,  7,  Spring  Gardens,  Don- 
caster, 6,  46,  116 


A Botanist,  87;  A Briton,  71;  Anti- 
Barter,  86-,  De  Botham,  J.  C.,  Man- 
chester, 23;  Ignoramus,  117;  Inde- 
pendent, 124;  Inquisitor,  77  ; “ Intel- 
ligencer,’* Post  Office,  Great  INIalvern, 
76;  Nepticulophilus,  164;  Omicron, 
198;  One  who  wishes  to  please,  109; 
A.  B.,  165  ; Jno.  B.,  85  ; J.  S.  D.,  115  ; 
M .D.,  175 ; G.,  3 ; G.G.,  1 10 ; J.  R.  H., 
53;  Q.,  32,  101,  108,  147;  R.  T.,  35 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS. 

Aris,  Henry,  9,  Rawstorne  Street,  Clerk- 
euwell,  E.C.,  42 

Barrett,  C.  G.,  30,  Parkgate  Street,  Dub- 
lin, 67 

Brockholes,  J.  F„  Puddington  Old  Hall, 
near  Neston,  Cheshire,  74 
Bryant,  James,  63,  Old  Broad  Street, 
London,  E.C.,  26 

Farren,  W.,  1 , Rose  Crescent,  Cambridge, 
58 

Fenn,  C-  & J*,  Clyde  Villa,  Lee,  S.E.,  26 
Jesse,  F.  A.,  The' Grove,  Kentish  Town, 
London,  26 

Jordan,  W.,Binstead  School,  near  Ryde, 
Isle  of  Wight,  202 

Kirby,  W.  F.,  cave  of  Messrs.  Williams 
and’  Norgate,  14,  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  83 
Orde,  Jonathan,  9,  New  Buckingham 
Street,  Southwark,  S.E.,  74 
Parfitt,  Edward,  Devon  and  Exeter  In- 
stitution, Exeter,  122 
Pryer,  W.  B.,  Fairfield  House,  Broome 
Hill,  near  Sheffield,  2 
Sayer,  J.,  3,  Dunston  Street,  Kingsland 
Road,N.E.,67 

Stephenson,  H.,  Fisher  Yard,  Long  Royd 
Bridge,  near  Huddersfield,  171 
Stretch,  R.  H.,  Nantwich,  Cheshire,  67 
Tyrer,  R.,  Cavendish,  Sudbury,  138 


WANTED  to  PHRCHASE.- 
Second-hand  copies  of  Dawson’s 
‘ Geodephaga  Britanuica,’  Stephens’s 
‘ Manual  of  British  Beetles,’  and  the 
first  volume  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer,’  bound 
or  unbound.  Also  the  ‘ Zoologist,’  from 
the  commencement,  to  borrow,  for  a 
handsome  consideration. 

Apply  to  C.  O.  G.,  13,  Hova  Villas, 
Cliftonville,  Brighton. 


To  Naturalists. 

Mr.  RIPPON,  of  Reading,  a gentle- 
man who  is  deeply  attached  to 
the  study  of  Natural  History,  and  is  a 
great  lover  of  Nature,  and  who  has  been 
for  some  years  a collector  in  this  country, 
is  very  desirous  of  proceeding  out  to  the 
ANDES  of  SOUTH  AMERICA  to 
cdllect  Natural  History  Specimens,  and 
not  having  sufficient  means  of  his  own 
is  anxious  to  raise  £200  for  the  purpose, 
to  be  repaid  by  specimens.  Gentlemen 
disposed  to  assist  in  the  undertaking  are 
requested  to  send  their  subscriptions  to 
Mr.  Samuel  Stevens,  Natural-History 
Agent,  24,  Bloomsbury  Street,  London, 
W.C. 

Mr.  Rippon  intends  devoting  the  whole 
of  his  time  in  collecting  Insects,  Shells, 
Bibd  and  Animal  Skins,  Reptiles, 
and  also  Living  and  Deied  Plants, 
should  Subscribers  desire  them,  and  will 
leave  as  soon  as  the  required  amount  is 
obtained. 


The  following  gentlemen  have  kindly 
put  down  their  names : — 


— Taylor, Esq.  (for  Shells)  £25 

0 

0 

H.  Cuming,  Esq.  (do.) 

25 

0 

0 

P.  L.  Sclater,  Esq.  (for  Birds) 

10 

0 

0 

J.  H.  Gurney,  Esq.  (do.)  - 

10 

0 

0 

— Tomes,  Esq.  (lor  small 

Mammals) 

10 

0 

0 

H.T.  Stainton,  Esq.  (for 

Micro-Lepidoplera)  - 

10 

0 

0 

S.  Stevens  - . . 

10 

0 

0 

J.  Gray,  Esq.  (for  Heiero- 

ineva)  - - - 

5 

0 

0 

W.  C.  Hewitson,  Esq.  (for 

Butterflies) 

5 

0 

0 

A Friend  - - - 

5 

0 

0 

Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Primer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bisbons- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  c. 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  March  30, 1861. 


THE 


ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER 


186  1. 


APBIL  — SEPTEMBEE. 


VOL.  X.  & LAST. 


LONDON : 

E.  NEWMAN,  9,  DEVONSHIEE  STREET; 

W.  KENT  & CO.,  51  & 52,  PATERNOSTER  ROW. 


1861. 


LONDON  : 


PRINTED  BY  E.  NEWMAN,  9,  DEVONSHIRE  STREET,  BISHOPSGATE. 


TO 

G.  R.  WATERHOUSE,  ESQ.,  F.Z.S., 

AUTHOR  OF 

A CATALOGUE  OF  BRITISH  COLEOPTERA, 

THIS  VOLUME  IS  DEDICATED, 

IN  TESTIMONY 


OP  ESTEEM. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  23o.]  SATURDAY,  APRIL  6,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

We  last  week  noticed  the  brain-work 
elaborated  by  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London  in  the  first  four  years  of  its 
existence,  and  we  observed  that  the 
published  papers  read  in  1834,  ’35,  ’36 
and  ’37  were  30,  27,  22  and  22  re- 
spectively ; but  we  remarked  further 
that  of  the  twenty-two  papers  read  in 
1837  more  than  half  were  published 
after  the  close  of  1839,  and  several  in 
1842 — five  years  after  their  perusal. 

The  question  now  for  consideration 
is  whether  any  improvement  in  this 
state  of  affairs  took  place  in  subse- 
quent years. 

In  1838  twelve  papers  were  read, 
nine  authors  contributing. 

In  1839  eleven  papers  were  read, 
nine  authors  contributing. 

In  1840  seven  papers  were  read, 
five  authors  contributing. 

In  1841  fourteen  papers  were  read, 
four  authors  contributing. 

In  1842  seventeen  papers  were  read, 
nine  authors  contributing. 

The  year  1840  showed  the  greatest 
depression  in  the  number  of  papers, 
and  the  following  year  the  greatest  de- 
pression in  the  number  of  authors  ; in- 
deed, out  of  the  fourteen  papers  in  that 


year  Mr.  Westwood  furnished  seven  and 
Mr.  Waterhouse  four. 

Now,  when  were  these  papers  pub- 
lished ? The  seven  papers  ready 
in  1840  were  all  published  in  1842 
(except  one,  which  remained  till  1845) ; 
indeed,  a great  mass  of  arrears  appears 
to  have  been  cleared  off  in  the  year 

1842,  as  a number  of  papers  read  in 
1837,  ’38,  ’39,  were  published  during 
that  very  year. 

Clearly  then  here  was  an  improve- 
ment; only  one  of  the  papers  read  in 
1840  remained,  like  those  of  1837, 
nearly  five  years  unpublished : the 

others  were  all  published  in  the  year 
but  one  following.  This  is  just  as 
though  at  the  present  day  all  the 
papers  read  before  the  Entomological 
Society  during  1860  were  to  appear  in 
print  in  the  course  of  the  summer  after 
this — 1862- — one  only  standing  over 
till  1865.  Yet  twenty  years  ago  such 
a consummation  was  a great  improve- 
ment. 

A study  of  the  luxuries  of  our  fore- 
fathers most  strongly  impresses  us  with 
their  extreme  barbarism. 

Of  the  fourteen  papers  read  in  1841 
two  were  published  in  1842,  four  in 

1843,  seven  in  1845,  and  one  in  1846. 
This  looks  like  a retrograde  movement, 
for  more  than  half  the  papers  remained 


B 


2 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


four  years  unpublished.  No  papers 
were  published  in  the  year  1844.  Of 
the  seventeen  papers  read  in  1842  two 
were  published  the  same  year,  four  in 
1843,  nine  in  1845,  and  two  in  1847 — 
that  is,  nearly  two-thirds  were  published 
three  years  after  they  had  been  read. 

It  would  appear  that,  as  the  year  of 
the  fewest  papers  was  the  year  in 
which  there  was  least  delay  in  publica- 
tion, the  Society  was  really  suflfering  at 
that  time  under  a pressure  of  papers, 
authors  being,  in  fact,  too  prolific,  and 
piles  of  read  papers  accumulating  on 
the  desk  of  the  Secretary  faster  than 
the  printer  could  dispose  of  them. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
LiGENCEK  may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row. 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Statnton,  Mountsjield, 
Lev>isham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Change  of  Address. — Having  left 
Easton  Street,  my  address  is  now — 
W.  Gates,  17,  Providence  Place,  King’s 
Cross;  April  1,  1861. 


TO  CORBESPONDBNTS. 

F.  H.,  Regensburg. — I gut  erhalten. 
Viele  Dank. 

H.-S. — E.  N.  has  safely  received  the 
copies  of  the  Verzeichniss. 

W.  A.  E.,  Cheam. — Single  specimens 
take  freaks  occasionally  and  appear  at 
irregular  times. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoptera. 

Amphidasis  Prodromaria. — I have 
much  pleasure  in  announcing  ray  capture 
of  a few  specimens  of  A.  Prodromaria  in 
Dunham  Park,  on  the  trunks  of  oak, 
after  several  unsuccessful  attempts,  one 
pair  in  cop,,  and  I hope  to  secure  a batch 
of  eggs ; they  seemed  to  be  most  plentiful 
on  the  24th  ult.— W.  Worthington, 
10,  Meredith  Street,  Hulme,  Manchester ; 
March  31,  1861. 

Captures  at  Sugar. — Mr.  Worsnop  and 
I having  tried  the  sallows  several  times 
in  vain,  proceeded  on  Saturday  night  to 
try  the  sugar-pot;  the  result  was  that  we 
succeeded  in  taking  eighty-six  specimens 
of  Cerastis  Vaccinii  and  thirty  of  Sco- 
pelosoma  Satellitia,  and  could  have  taken 
many  more  of  them,  they  being  very 
plentiful. — J.  Hebden,  Sandal  Common, 
near  Wakefield;  March  25,  1861. 

An  Evening  at  West  Wickham  in 
JliarcA.— Saturday,  the  23rd,  being  a 
most  lovely  day  here,  the  sun  quite 
warm,  aud  scarcely  any  wind,  we  deter- 
mined to  pay  a visit  to  the  above  locality 
to  sugar,  and  to  have  a look  at  the 
sallows;  and  accordingly  we  started  by 
the  half-past  three  o’clock  train  to  Beck, 
enham.  On  the  palings  in  our  way  we 
only  found  one  male  A.  .Escularia.  We 
soon  got  to  the  wood,  aud  immediately 
commenced  beating : T.  Hyemana  was 
the  first,  and  (with  the  exception  of  a 
solitary  P.  Ferrugana)  the  only  species 
captured  till  about  six  o’clock,  when 
C.  Fagella  appeared  on  the  scene,  and 
engaged  us  picking  out  varieties  until  it 
was  sugaring  time.  We  painted  about 
eighty  trees  along  the  main  path,  and 
then  took  up  our  station  near  some 
blooming  sallow-bushes:  we  had  not 

been  there  a couple  of  minutes  when  a 
large  Noctua  came  dashing  over;  this 
great  unknown  was  speedily  captured, 
and  we  were  just  able  in  the  twilight  to 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


3 


make  it  out  as  a splendid  T.  Munda. 
This  was  a very  good  beginning,  and  put 
us  on  the  qui  vive  : we  took  several  other 
inoihs  hovering  over,  but  it  was  now  too 
dark  to  distinguish  them.  When  they 
ceased  flying  we  lighted  up,  and  after 
searching  over  the  blossoms  beat  them 
into  our  nets.  In  this  way  we  took 
T.  Stabilis  and  T.  Cruda  abundantly.; 
C.  Vacdnii,  Spadicea  and  S.  Satellitia 
commonly.  We  now  proceeded  on  our 
first  round  of  the  sugar,  but  the  attrac- 
tions of  the  sallows  proved  far  superior 
to  our  mixture;  we  only  took  a few 
S.  Satellitia  and  a couple  of  C.  Vaceinii 
on  it.  Passing  near  some  fir  trees  a very 
good  specimen  of  X.  Lithorhiza  flew  at 
the  light,  and  was  quickly  transferred  to 
a pill-box.  We  now  diversified  the 
amusement  a little  by  larvse  hunting; 
but  after  more  than  an  hour’s  hard  work 
on  our  hands  and  knees  we  gave  it  up  in 
despair,  having  only  taken  three  small 
ones  crawling  up  dead  grass  stems.  A 
second  round  of  the  sugar  produced  no 
results,  and  as  it  was  now  about  half-past 
nine,  and  we  had  to  catch  the  10.40 
train  at  Beckenham,  we  beat  a retreat, 
having  spent  a few  hours  pleasantly 
enough,  though  the  captures  were  very 
ordinary;  we  numbered  on  our  arrival  at 
home  forty  boxes.  Sallows  at  Lewisham 
have  produced  the  usual  common  Tcenio- 
campcB,  T.  Rubricosa  being  about  the 
best.  Mothing  and  at  rest  we  have  taken 
P.  Pilosaria,  H.  Rupicapraria  (male  and 
female)  and  H.  Leucopkearia.  We  have 
also  taken  a good  many  young  larvae  at 
night  with  a lantern,  chiefly  on  grass — 
nearly  all  Nocluae,  but  we  do  not  know 
their  names.  We  have  bred  B.  Prodro- 
maria  (male  and  female)  and  H.  Leuco- 
phearia  {three  females),  besides  numerous 
commoner  species.— C.  & J.  Fenn,  Clyde 
Villa,  Lee  ; March  25,  1861. 

Captures  near  Sheffield. — On  looking 
over  our  diaries  we  find  the  following  cap- 
tures chronicled  for  the  present  year; — Ou 
the  17th  of  February  we  opened  the  cam- 


paign by  taking  two  P.  Pilosaria.  After 
this  we  did  not  succeed  in  finding  any 
images  till  the  9th  of  March,  when  we 
took  two  C.  Flavicornis  at  rest  on  birch 
trees,  in  the  Old  Park  Wood,  and  one 
L.  Multistrigaria,  flying  round  a bush, 
the  same  evening.  On  the  10th  we  ob- 
tained a fine  dark  variety  of  H.  Leuco- 
phearia.  Since  then  we  have  visited  the 
sallows  once  or  twice,  the  most  noticeable 
captures  there  being  T.  Rubricosa,  about 
a dozen  ; saw  any  number  of  C.  Spadicea, 
T.  Gothica,  T.  Stabilis,  &c.  The  breeding 
cage  has  produced  several  A.  Prodro- 
maria,  two  N.  Camelina  and  four  E. 
Satyrata.  From  the  21st  of  February  to 
the  8th  of  March  we  have  taken  nearly 
three  hundred  larvae,  and  out  of  all  this 
number  can  only  recognise  about  a dozen 
to  be  A.  Porphyrea,  and  half  that  quantity 
to  be  A.  Nebulosa;  we  have  hopes  that 
some  of  them  will  turn  out  to  be  Noctuae 
of  which  the  larvae  are  unknown.  The 
temperature  of  the  night  seems  to  have  a 
great  effect  on  them,  as  one  night,  when 
we  were  on  the  Einginglow  Moors  we 
did  not  capture  a single  one,  while,  only 
a night  or  two  before,  we  had  taken  over 
seventy,  and  we  do  not  suppose  that  there 
was  a difference  of  5°  in  the  two  nights. — 
W.  Thomas  & W.  B.  Pryee,  Sheffield  ; 
March  26,  1861. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

The  Larva  of  Micropteryx. — The  an- 
nouncement, in  the  ‘Intelligencer’  last 
week,  of  Dr.  Hofmann  having  bred  one 
of  the  species  of  Micropteryx  has  afforded 
me  much  pleasure,  because  some  six  years 
ago  I found  a mine  in  the  leaf  of  Caltha 
paluslris,  which  I then  considered  to  be 
that  of  Micropteryx  Calthella,  but  as 
others  suggested  that  it  might  only  be 
the  infant  larva  form  of  the  Sciaphilce  I 
was  contented  with  the  decision,  and  so 
the  matter  has  lain  until  the  preseut 


4 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


time.  From  what  I remeniher  of  the 
mine  it  began  as  a very  narrow  track 
alongside  the  midrib,  by  the  side  of  which 
it  was  carried  for  some  distance,  when 
the  larva  seemed  to  have  taken  some 
sudden  whim  and  made  direct  for  the 
edge  of  the  leaf,  nearly  at  right  angles 
to  the  narrow  track,  where  it  made  a 
large  blotch.  As  to  the  disposition  of 
the  excrement  I remember  nothing,  nor 
yet  of  the  form  of  the  larva,  but  I will 
do  my  best  to  make  good,  when  the  time 
comes,  all  that  I am  unable  here  to  com- 
municate, which  seems  to  me  to  be  the 
entire  transformation.  I must  own  that 
I am  put  out  at  not  finding  the  larvae  to 
be  case-bearers,  after  having  mined  for 
some  time,  as  I had  fully  believed  them 
to  be  so,  and  I never  shook  a handful  of 
leaves  on  a sheet  of  paper  without  ex- 
pecting to  find  some  strange  larva-case 
turn  up  representing  one  of  the  genus. — 
John  Scott,  13,  Torrington  Villas,  Lee ; 
March  23,  1861. 

Coleophora  Olivaceella. — On  Tuesday 
last,  accompanied  by  Mr.  M‘Lachlan,  I 
visited  the  locality  for  this  species  be- 
tween Beckenham  and  West  Wickham. 
They  were  more  plentiful  than  in  May 
last  year,  but  still  sufficiently,  select  to 
make  each  individual  capture  of  interest; 
some  appeared  to  be  very  nearly  full-fed  ; 
others  were  so  extremely  small  as  to  lead 
to  the  speculation  whether  they  would 
not  feed  for  another  twelve  months. 
I collected  assiduously  all — both  litde 
and  big — and  on  counting  my  spoil  found 
they  numbered  twenty-six.  Mr.  M‘Lach- 
lau  thinks  he  had  not  so  many,  as  he 
rejected  the  little  ones.  Mine  are  novv 
feeding  on  a growing  plant  in  a flower- 
pot out  of  doors. — H.  T.  Stainton; 
April  1,  1861. 

A fruitless  Visit  to  Hackney. — On 
Thursday  last  I visited  the  banks  of  the 
Lea  in  search  of  the  larvte  of  Gelechia 
Arundinetella  and  of  Enigma  No.  46. 
Owing  to  the  winter  floods  I suppose 
having  retarded  the  development  of  insect 


life,  I could  see  no  symptom  of  any 
mines  in  the  leaves  of  Carex  Riparia, 
and  my  expedition  was  quite  fruitless. 
Neither  were  any  symptoms  perceptible 
in  Poa  aqualica  of  the  operations  of 
Elachista  Pace. — Ibid. 

Nemotois  Larvm. — From  Herr  Schmid, 
of  Frankfort-on-tbe-Maine,  I have  re- 
ceived some  larvae,  which  appear  refer- 
able to  this  genus,  and  identical 
with  Enigma  No.  81  (Ent.  An.  1861, 
p.  116).  These  larvae  were  found  by 
Herr  Schmid  feeding  on  the  lower  leaves 
of  Ballota  nigra,  and  they  seem  to  eat 
these  leaves  very  greedily.  Judging 
from  the  amount  of  “ frass  ” in  the  box 
when  I opened  it,  the  passage  across  the 
channel  had  had  no  injurious  effect  on 
the  appetites  of  these  case-bearers.  The 
structure  of  the  case  is  very  different 
from  the  best  known  larvae  of  Adela  and 
Nemophora.  As  noted  in  the  account  of 
Enigma  No.  41,  “ It  is  formed  by  succes- 
sive additions  round  a brown  oval  nucleus, 
being,  however,  attenuated  in  the  middle.” 
The  substance  of  the  case  appears  to  be 
silk  intermixed  with  chewed  leaves. — 
Ibid. 

Woodfeeding  Larva. — From  M.  Fo- 
logne,  of  Brussels,  I have  received  larvte 
of  Harpella  Majorella  and  Dasycera 
Oliviella  (at  least  they  are  expected  to  be 
those  two  species).  The  former  is  to  be 
fed  with  beech  wood,  the  latter  with  oak. 
Majorella  feeds  in  the  solid  wood,  but 
Oliviella  burrows  between  the  bark  and 
the  wood.  M.  Fologne  cautions  me  to 
keep  the  wood  with  which  I supply  them 
rather  damp,  or  otherwise  the  larvre  w'ill 
dry  up. — Ibid. 

Gracilaria  Lmperialella  bred. — I have 
much  pleasure  in  informing  you,  in  refe- 
rence to  the  desiderated  larvte  of  Graci- 
laria ennumerated  in  ‘Intelligencer,’ 
No.  233  (vol.  ix.  p.  197),  that  you  are 
already  acquainted  with  the  larva  of 
G.  lmperialella,  we  having  sent  you 
some  last  summer ! It  is  the  beautiful 
coral-red  larva  which  mined  the  leaves 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


5 


of  Orohus  niger  at  Miiggendorf;  three 
specimens  of  the  lovely  G.  Imperialetla 
made  their  appearance  here  in  the  warm 
room  the  middle  of  March.  Nearly 
three-fourths  of  our  larvae  were  infested 
with  ichneumons,  which  made  their  ap- 
pearance last  autumn.  — F.  Hofmann, 
Ratisbon;  March  28,  1861. 

[We  are  sorry  to  say  that  no  G.  Im- 
perialella  have  as  yet  been  developed 
from  the  pupae  so  kindly  sent  by  Herr 
Hofmann  last  summer ; the  larvae  we  did 
not  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing’,  as  all 
were  in  cocoon  or  devoured  by  ichneu- 
mons before  they  reached  us.  Possibly, 
as  in  the  larva  of  Gracilaria  Omissella, 
the  coral-red  colour  is  only  assumed  just 
before  the  change  to  the  pupa  state.  The 
feeding  larva  of  G.  Omissella  is  pale 
green.  The  Orohus  miners  were  an- 
nounced (Int.  vol.  viii.  p.  150)  as  a pro- 
blematical Cosmopleryx  ? and  they  are 
noticed  in  the  Ent.  Ann.  1861,  p.  117, 
as  Enigma  No.  83.] 

Adda  Cuprella. — I.attended  at  Wim- 
bledon Common  on  tbe  17th  of  February 
last,  with  the  intention  of  searching  be- 
neath the  sallows  for  the  cases  of  Adda 
Cuprella,  but,  to  my  sorrow,  when  I 
arrived  at  the  spot  where  I took  the  imago 
last  year,  I found  that  the  whole  of  the 
sallows  had  been  cut  down  and  a house 
built  on  the  site ! — C.  Healy,  74,  Napier 
Street,  Hoxton  ; March  27,  1861. 

Blotch-making  Nepticula  Larvae  in  the 
Leaves  of  Agrimonia  Eupatoria. — Having 
sent  the  empty  mined  leaves  of  the  blotch 
maker  to  several  Micro-Lepidopterists,  it 
occurred  to  me  that  possibly  they  mif;ht 
(on  seeing  the  account  of  N.  Aurelia 
having  been  bred  by  you  from  larvas  sent 
by  me  to  you  on  the  21st  of  October  last) 
say,  “Oh!  its  only  Aurelia  and  so 
neglect  to  make  a search,  they  not  being 
in  possession  of  the  fact  that  the  blotch- 
makers  were  collected  on  the  28th  and 
sent  to  you  on  the  29th  of  October. 
I mention  this  lest  any  one  should  assume 
that  Aurelia  having  been  bred  from  the 


Agrimonia  is  the  solution  of  Enigma  90', 
p.  118,  Ent.  An.  1861.  The  larvae  noted 
as  that  Enigma  has  not  yet  been  bred. — 
Ibid. 


EXCHANGE. 

Hypercompa  Dominula. — I have  larvae 
of  this  insect,  which  I should  be  glad  to 
exchange  with  any  one  for  the  larvae  of 
A.  Villica.  A line  or  two  by  post  before 
sending  will  oblige.  Last  season  I sup- 
plied a number  of  correspondents  with 
either  ova  or  larvae  of  T.  Populeti : if 
any  of  them  need  another  supply  I should 
be  glad  to  hear  from  them. — J.  Steele, 
High  Street,  Congleton  ; March  26, 1861. 

Exchange. — I shall  be  glad  to  exchange 
impregnated  eggs  of  T.  Populeti,  S.  II- 
lustraria,  C.  Exoleta,  S.  Satellitia  and 
C.  Neustria  for  those  of  other  species,  or 
larvae  or  pupae,  especially  of  any  Catocala. 
Those  not  hearing  from  me  within  a 
week  to  conclude  I am  not  in  want  of 
the  species  offered.  — W.  H.  Taylor, 
Tolson  St.,  Sunny  Bank,  Leeds  ; Mar.  26. 

Exchange. — I have  flue  specimens  of 
the  following : — 

Colias  Edusa, 

Vanessa  Atalanta, 

...  Urticae, 

Chelonia  Caja, 

Arctia  Menthastri, 

Melanthia  Ocellata, 

Mamestra  Brassicae, 

Tripbaena  Pronuba, 
to  exchange  for — 

Papilio  Machaon, 

Apatura  Iris, 

Colias  Hyale, 

Melitaea  Cinxia, 

Erebia  Blandina, 

Lycatna  Acis, 

Hesperia  Pauiscus, 

Sphinx  Ligustri, 

...  Convolvuli, 

Acherontia  Atropos. 

Please  write  first. — Geoege  Stedman, 
juii.,  Lindjield,  Sussex;  March  30, 1861. 


6 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


JOURNAL  OF  ENTOMOLOGY. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ' IntcUiyencer,* 

Sir, — When  an  author  shall  address  to 
the  Entomological  Society  a comj)laint 
of  delay  in  the  publication  of  his  papers, 
I will  undertake  to  say  that  he  will  meet 
with  every  attention  and  consideration ; 
but  as  there  is  not  any  such  complaint 
before  the  Society  I decline  to  dispute 
with  a self-elected  champion  of  those  who 
have  felt  so  little  the  injury  done  to  them 
that  they  have  not  thought  it  worth  their 
while  to  say  a word  in  their  own  behalf. 
I might  show  that  Dr.  Gray  is  wrong  in 
the  most  of  his  facts,  and  not  right  in 
his  argument;  that  the  ‘Journal’  has 
already  fallen  into  the  very  same  fault  of 
delay  charged  to  the  Society’s  ‘ Transac- 
tions,’ and  much  more  in  point;  but  to 
what  end  ? “ The  beginning  of  strife  is 
as  when  one  letteth  out  w'ater,”  and  so  I 
am  quite  content  that  Dr.  Gray  should 
have  the  advantage  of  the  last  word,  and 
to  let  what  he  has  written  or  may  write 
pass  for  what  it  is  worth,  of  which  matter 
every  one  interested  can  judge. 

I am.  Sir, 

Yours,  ■Stc., 

J.  W.  Douglas. 

Lee, 

March  22,  1861. 


Philonthus  scutatus,  Eric.,  Hardy, 
Kraatz. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  'Intelligencer* 

Sir, — The  notice  in  the  last  ‘Intelli- 
gencer’ (p.  190)  relative  to  this  insect, 
appears  to  me  to  betray  either  the  most 
deplorable  ignorance  or  the  lack  of  com- 
mon honesty  on  the  part  of  its  author. 
It  is  now  nearly  fifteen  years  since  the 


following  admirable  description  of  the 
species  in  question  was  published  in  ‘ A 
Synopsis  of  the  Berwickshire  Species  of 
Staphylinidae,  by  Mr.  James  Hardy,’  in 
the  Proceedings  of  a provincial  Natu- 
ralist’s Club,  replete  with  valuable  papers 
and  observations  by  some  of  the  most 
gifted  naturalists  of  our  time. 

“ 4.  P.  SCUTATUS  (Erickson,  Gen.  et 
Spec.  Staph.  438).  About  the  size  of 
F.  (aminatus,  but  less  broad  and  more 
parallel;  head  orbiculate,  a little  nar- 
rower than  the  thorax,  and  with  the 
thorax  brassy  black,  shining  and  polished, 
and  under  a lens  minutely  and  very  ob* 
soletely  punctulate  ; thorax  not  so  broad 
as  the  elytra,  slightly  narrowed  in  front, 
and  subsinuated  on  the  sides  behind, 
the  punctures  of  the  dorsal  series  with 
the  space  between  the  two  last  in  each 
row  widest,  all  the  punctures  small ; elytra 
of  rather  a pale  brassy  green,  thickly  and 
finely  punctate,  shining,  and  as  well  as 
the  abdomen  griseous-brown  pubescent; 
the  latter  beneath  with  the  fourth  seg- 
ment of  the  male  lengthened  at  the  apex 
and  nearly  covering  the  fifth  ; antennae 
and  legs  black ; tarsi  piceous  or  ferrugi- 
nous, the  anterior  slightly  dilated  in 
both  sexes.  Length  4^ — 5 lines. 

“ Philonthus  cognatus,  Stephens,  111. 
M.  V.  229  ; Philonthus  lucens,  Stephens, 
Manual,  No.  3136. 

“Not  uncommon  under  stones;  on 
heaths  and  old  pastures  ; in  spring  and 
autumn  ; and  occasionally  under  bark  of 
trees. 

“ Penmanshiel,  Coldingham  Moor, 
Dulaw,  and  the  sea-banks  near  Berwick, 
J.  H.  Dunglass  Dean,  Dr.  Johnston.” — 

‘ Proceedings  of  the  Berwickshire  Natu- 
ralist’s Club,’  Vol.  ii.  No.  5,  p.  241. 
(1847). 

This  species  has,  moreover,  been  re- 
corded in  two  other  publications,  which 
should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  student 
of  British  Coleoptera,  viz.,  by  Messrs. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


7 


Hardy  and  Bold,  in  tlieir  instructive 
‘ Catalogue  of  the  Coleoplera  of  North- 
umberland and  Durham,’  65 — 6 (1851), 
and  hy  Mr.  Andrew  Murray,  in  his  ex- 
cellent ‘ Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of 
Scotland,’  119  (1853). 

It  would  appear,  however,  that  Mr. 
Waterhouse  has  only  just  succeeded  in 
recognizing  the  specific  characters  of  the 
present  insect,  as  little  more  than  a week 
has  elapsed  since  my  opinion  was  re- 
quested by  a friend  on  a Philonthus 
transmitted  to  him  by  a Scotch  collector 
as  the  Philonthus  lucens  of  Mr.  Water- 
house’s Catalogue,  and  which  it  was 
stated  had  been  submitted  to  this  gentle- 
man and  returned^by  him  as  Philonthus 
lucens,  Mannerh,  Eric,  (a  statement  con- 
firmed, if  I mistake  not,  by  the  hand- 
writing of  the  label  attached  to  the 
specimen),  but  which  proved  beyond 
all  doubt  to  be  the  veritable  Philonthus 
scutatus  of  Erichson,  Hardy  and  Kraatz. 

The  first  indigenous  examples  of  this 
species  which  I had  an  opportunity  of 
examining  were  sent  me,  under  the  name 
of  “ Philonthus  scutatus,  Eric.,”  on  the 
7th  of  September,  1848,  by  Mr.  T.  J. 
Bold,  of  Newcastle,  by  whom  they  were 
“ captured  at  Long  Benton  it  has  also 
been  taken  by  Mr.  W.  K.  Bissill,  of 
Scarborough,  to  whose  kindness  I am 
likewise  indebted  for  a specimen.  As 
regards  Philonthus  lucens,  some  of  our 
Coleopterists  appear  to  have  been  misled 
by  Erichson  comparing  it  with  P.  poli- 
tus,  and  especially  by  the  observation 
appended  to  his  description  (Gen.  et 
Spec.  Staph.  443,  25  [1840]  — “A  P. 
polito  statura  paulo  breviore,  colore  ob- 
scuriore  et  antennarum  articulo  prime 
concolore  facile  distinguendus,”  but  the 
parallel  form  of  P.  lucens,  its  short  trans- 
verse head  and  the  posteriorly  sub-sinuate 
lateral  margins  of  its  prothorax  refer  it, 


in  my  humble  opinion,  to  the  group  of 
which  P.  ceneus  may  be  taken  as  the 
type,  and  of  which  the  following  species 
are  known  to  me  as  indigenous  to 
Britain, — P.  carbonarius,  Gyll.,  Eric., 
Kraatz. ; P.  punctiventris,  Kraatz  ; P. 
ceneus,  Rossi,  Eric,  Kraatz  ; P.  scutatus, 
Eric.,  Hardy,  Kraatz  ; and  P.  lucens, 
Mannerh,  Eric.,  Kraatz. 

Although  the  yellowish  brown  colour 
of  the  under  side  of  the  basal  joint  of 
the  antennae  will  usually  serve  to  dis- 
tinguish P.  politus  at  a glance,  speci- 
mens sometimes  occur  in  which  this  joint 
is  black  or  nearly  so,  and  to  this  variety 
the  name  of  lucens  has,  I believe,  been 
erroneously  applied  in  more  than  one  of 
the  metropolitan  collections. 

Mr.  Waterhouse  states  that  Mr.  Bold 
‘‘  regarded  ’’  the  P.  scutatus  “ as  P. 
lucens  ; ” from  this  it  will  be  inferred 
that  Mr.  Bold  was  unacquainted  with 
the  correct  specific  appellation  of  his  in- 
sect ; such  however  is  not  the  case,  since 
he  sent  it  to  me  correctly  named  fifteen 
years  ago  : the  fact  is  that  Messrs. 
Hardy  and  Bold  merely  cite  lucens  of 
Stephens  as  a synonym  of  scutatus, 
Eric. ; the  true  lucens,  Mannerh,  Eric., 
Kraatz , is  doubtless  well  known  to  them, 
since  I sent  . specimens  of  it  to  Mr. 
Hardy  as  far  back  as  the  26th  of  July, 
1848, 

Yours,  &c., 

E.  W.  Janson. 

2,  Alma  Road,  Highgate  Hill,  N. ; 

March  16,  1861. 

[Nemo  mortalium  omnibus  horis  sapit.] 


Insects  in  the  New  Forest. — I beg 
to  inform  my  subscribers  that  I start  for 
the  New  Forest  on  Monday,  April  8th. 
I beg  to  announce  that  the  total  number 
of  shares  taken  up  to  this  time  is  as 
follows  : — 


8 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLTGENCEE. 


SHARES. 


For  Lepidoptera  only  - - - 45 

Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera  - I 

Coleoptera  only  - - - 6 

Coleoptera  and  Diptera  - - 1 

Lepidoptera  and  Phryganidse  - 1 

Lai  V86  and  ova  of  Lepidoptera  - 2 

All  Orders  - - - - 1 

All  Orders  (except  Lepidoptera)  1 


58 

I thus  only  want  two  more  subscribers  to 
complete  ray  list,  as  I cannot  take  more 
than  sixty.  All  but  two  or  three  have 
paid  their  guineas,  and  those  who  have 
not  yet  done  so  will  I hope  remit  as  soon 
as  convenient.  — W.  Fareen,  1,  Rose 
Crescent,  Cambridge  ; March  28,  1861. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 


The  names  of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — 
X.,  at  10s.  per  volume,  received  up  to 
Tuesday  night,  April  2nd  : — 

1.  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Kussell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

5.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  M‘Lachlan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett,  C.G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 

1 1.  D’Orville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 


To  Oologists. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF.— A Col- 
lection of  BIRDS’’ EGGS  in  a 
first-class  PEDESTAL  MAHOGANY 
CABINET  of  fourteen  drawers,  the  pro- 
perty of  a Gentleman  giving  up  col- 
lecting. The  Cabinet  contains  700  spe- 
cimens and  225  species.  Apply  to 
T.  Cooke,  Naturalist,  513,  New  Oxford 
Street,  W.C. 


To  Entomologists. 

T COOKE,  Natobalist,  513,  New 
. Oxford  Street,  has  on  hand  best 
CORKED  SETTING-BOARDS, 
length  14  inches,  at  the  following 


prices ; — 

INCHES. 

inches. 

1 - . 

- 6d. 

2i  - 

- Is. 

- * 

- 8d. 

3 - 

- Is.  2d. 

n - - 

- 9d. 

31  - 

- Is.  4d. 

2'  - , 

- lOd. 

4 - 

- Is.  6d. 

- - 

Is.  Od. 

5 - 

- 2s. 

Corked  Setting  Boards  for  Tortrices  and 
Tineina,  12  inches  long,  6d.  each.  Also 
Setting  Houses,  with  9 Setting  Boards, 
a Corked  Board  for  Braces,  and  Drawer 
divided  for  Pins,  &c.,  10s.  6d.  Pocket 
Collecting  Boxes,  6d.,  8d.  and  Is.  3d. 
each.  Store  Boxes,  14  inches  by  10, 
corked  top  and  bottom,  2s.  6d.  each. 
Cabinets  of  every  description.  Larva 
Tins  Is.  6d.  Zinc  Relaxing  Boxes  2s.  6d. 
Three-jointed  Pocket  Nets  4s.  6d.  Net 
Forceps  Is.  6d.  Larva  Cages  2s.  6d. 
and  every  requisite  for  an  Entomologist. 

Umbrella  Nets,  best  make,  7s.  6d. 


The  lepidopterist’s 

calendar.  By  Joseph 
Meerin.  Price  Is.  6d.;  cloth  2s. 

“On  the  whole  we  are  of  opinion  that 
this  volume  will  be  found  very  serviceable 
to  all  that  numerous  class  who  have  not 
already  learned  everything  by  their  own  ex- 
perience.”— Entomologist's  Intelligencer. 

“ To  those  who  have  only  collected  the 
perfect  insect,  we  recommend  this  Ca- 
lendar as  opening  up  to  them  a higher 
source  of  interest  and  instruction,  in  ob- 
serving the  forms  and  habits  of  tfie  earlier 
conditions  of  the  various  species  of  Lepi- 
d optera .” — Aihenxum. 

London : E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire 
Street,  Bishopsgate.  Sent  on  receipt  of 
Is.  6d.  or  2s.  in  postage  stamps  by  the 
Publisher,  or  the  Author,  Gloucester. 


Printed  and  published  by  Ed’Ward  Ne’wman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  April  6, 1861. 


THE  EMTOs'^OLOGiST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  236.]  SATUEDAY,  APEIL  13,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


METHOD. 

Nothing  considerable  can  be  accom- 
plished without  method.  But  how 
I many  of  our  readers  are  pursuing 
i their  entomological  operations  methodi- 
cally ? 

! You  wish  to  work  at  some  particular 
j group ; you  find  out  the  authors  who 
! have  treated  thereon,  and  you  compare 
I and  collate  their  observations : then 

you  want  additional  observations;  you 
!i  make  some  yourself,  but  you  want  others 
!|  to  assist  you.  Ask  for  help — ten  to 

II  one  you  will  get  it.  But  you  exclaim 
who  are  you  to  ask.^  How  are  you 
to  find  out  what  everybody  knows,  so 
as  to  ascertain  who  it  is  that  does  know 
what  you  want  to  know.  A curious 
problem  certainly,  but  not  so  very  diffi- 
cult of  solution. 

. Let  us  reflect  on  the  kindred  opera- 
I tion  of  fishing:  the  angler  is  desirous 
of  catching  a trout,  and  some  trout  is 
I ready  to  be  caught,  but  the  angler 
; does  not  know  which  trout  is  in  that 
condition.  A bait  is  placed  at  the  end 
j of  a line  and  thrown  into  the  river — 
offered  to  the  general  view  of  the  whole 


trout  community;  some  take  no  notice 
of  it ; others  think  about  it,  yet  let  it 
pass ; but  in  all  probability  one  trout 
takes  the  bait  and  is  hooked ! 

The  entomologist  who  is  wishing  for 
information  on  any  point  should  pro- 
ceed in  a similar  way;  he  should  offer 
to  the  general  view  of  the  entomological 
public  some  notice  of  the  observations 
he  has  made,  pointing  out  wherein 
they  are  defective;  it  is  quite  possible 
that  some  entomologist,  whom  he  would 
never  have  thought  of  asking,  will  rise 
to  the  bait  and  give  the  desired  in- 
formation. 

We  have  so  frequently  obtained  valu- 
able information  ourselves  by  proceeding 
in  this  way  that  we  cannot  too  earnestly 
press  it  upon  the  attention  of  those  who 
really  are  disposed  to  work. 

Bring  the  subject,  we  should  say, 
before  the  public  and  keep  it  there ; 
press  it  from  time  to  time  in  different 
ways,  just  as  the  angler  drops  in  his 
line  again  at  a fresh  place.  Constant 
dropping  of  water  will  wear  away  stone, 
and  now  that  the  larva  of  Micropleryx 
has  been  discovered  we  may  be  quite 
sure  that  there  is  no  problem  in  Ento- 
mology  insoluble. 

c 


10 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopspfate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  (Sc  Co.  61  cSc  62  Pater- 
noster Row. 

Retail  of  James  Gardner,  62  Hish 
Holborn;  H.  .1.  Hardins;,  1 York 
Street,  Church  Street,  Shoreditch ; 
A.  W.  Huckett,  .3  East  Road,  City 
Road;  W.  Weatherley.  Hi<::1)  Street, 
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bourne  Grove,  Bayswater;  W.  Cull, 
34  Henry  Street  East,  St.  .lohn’s 
Wood  ; T.  Cooke,  613,  New  Oxford 
Street. 

At  Beverley,  of  John  Ward,  News 
Ag'ent,  tkc.  ‘ Recorder’  Office. 

At  Birmingham,  of  Robert  Burns,  63 
Edmond  Street. 

At  Brighton,  of  John  Taylor,  News 
Agent,  !kc.  86  North  Lane. 

At  Cheltenham,  of  C.  Andrew,  129 
High  Street. 

At  Darlington,  of  M.  Simonson,  News 
Agent,  Bondgate. 

At  Hemel  Hempstead,  of  H.  Salter, 
Bookseller,  &c.  High  Street. 

At  Huddersfield,  of  J.  E.  Wheatley 
and  Co.,  Booksellers,  18  New  Street, 

At  Kingston-on-Thames,  of  W.Bry  den. 
Bookseller,  &c.  Apple  Market. 

At  Leatherhead,  of  T.  R.  Negus, 
Chemist  and  Stationer. 

At  Leeds,  of  J.  Fox,  Bookseller,  &c. 
Boundary  Terrace,  Burley  Road. 

At  Maidstone,  of  Messrs.  Nicholsons, 
Brothers,  Printers,  (See.  31  Mill  St. 

At  Middleton,  of  John  Fielding,  Book- 
seller, lYood  Street. 

At  Oldham,  of  John  Holt,  Bookseller, 
6 George  Street. 

At  Rotherham,  of  H.  Carr,  Bookseller, 
Bridge  Street 

At  Sheffield,  of  C.  K.  Jarvis,  News 
Agent,  Post  Office.  Barker’s  Pool. 

At  Wakefield,  of  William  Talbot, 
Crystal  Place. 

A t W orcester,  of  G.  Morgan,  Bookseller 
and  News  Agent,  Little  Angel  St.; 
and  of  J.  Pegg,  Bookseller  and  News 
Agent,  20  Mealcheapen  Street. 

At  York,  of  R.  Sunter,  23  Sionegate. 

Country  Newsvenders  who  have 
this  paper  on  sale  are  requested  to  send 
us  theirnames  and  addresses  to  be  added 
to  the  list. 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainxon,  Mumitsjield, 


Leirisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 


before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


Change  of  Address. — Having  left 
King  Street,  Darlington,  my  address, 
until  further  notice,  will  be — Chris- 
topher Eales,  63,  Orange  Street,  High 
Part,  South  Shields ; April  2,  1861. 

Change  of  Address. — Having  re- 
moved here  I shall  be  obliged  if  corres- 
pondents will,  until  further  notice,  ad- 
dress— R.  Tyrer,  Crouch  End,  Hornsey, 
London,  N. 

Change  of  Address.  — Instead  of 
1,  York  Street,  Church  Street,  Shore- 
ditch, my  address  will  now  be — H.  J. 
Harding,  “WouA’s  Arkf  Peter  Street, 
Deal,  Kent. 


TO  COERESPONDENTS. 

K.  L.  M. — Artaxerxes  is  the  northern 
form  of  Agestis ; a fact  long  suspected. 

W.  T. — If  your  insect  did  not  re- 
semble Ridens  in  the  larva  state,  and  the 
perfect  insect  is  so  like  A.  Alni,  what 
makes  you  think  it  is  Ridens  P 

T.  B. — Wood’s  ‘Index’  can  be  ob- 
tained of  Willis  & Sotheran,  136,  Strand, 
London. 

W.  B.  P. — Thanks  for  the  larvae  ; they 
are  Coleophora  juncicolella. 

G.  C.  M. — The  promised  Coleophora 
larva  will  be  very  acceptable. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST'S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


11 


J.  U. — E.  Versicolora  wonld  hardly  fly 
to  a gas-light,  as  it  is  a day-flying  insect. 
Have  you  not  made  some  mistake? 

J.  E.  G. — Next  week. 

J.  S.  and  J.  W.  B. — We  do  not  re- 
cognise the  insect  you  describe,  unless  it 
is  Tceniocampa  Leucographa. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteea. 

Early  Captures  at  Lewisham. — During 
the  past  month  I have  taken  the  following 
species : — 

Hibernia  Rupricapraria, 

Anisopteryx  .Slscularia, 

Depfessaria  Arenella. 

At  sallows ; — 

Taeniocampa  Gothica, 

...  Riibricosa, 

...  Instabilis, 

...  Slabilis, 

...  Gracilis, 

...  Cruda, 

Cerastis  Vaccinii, 

...  Spadicea. 

The  last  few  days’  rain  has  spoilt  many 
of  the  sallows,  but  as  they  are  not  yet 
quite  over,  I hope  to  take  other  species. — 
C.  CoRTissos,  Oak  Cottage,  Hither  Green, 
Lewisham,  S.E.  ; April  5, 1861. 

Captures  in  Norfolk. — On  the  2.5th  of 
March  we  took  S.  Satellitia  here  at  sugar ; 
our  other  spring  captures  have  been  two 
A.  Prodromaria,  four  S.  Illunaria,  three 
T.  Gothica,  and  numerous  H.  Progem- 
maria. — J.  Saver  and  J.  W.  Boast, 
Neatishead,  Norfolk  ; April  7,  1861. 

Irish  Captures.  — Probably  a list  of 
captures  in  Ireland  may  not  be  un- 
interesting to  some  of  the  readers  of  the 
‘ Intelligencer;  ’ 1 therefore  send  you  the 
principal  results  of  my  last  season’s  col- 
lecting. Many  of  the  species  being  new 
to  Ireland  have  been  announced  and  ex- 
hibited at  the  Dublin  University  Zoolo- 
gical and  Botanical  Association.  When 


no  other  locality  is  mentioned  the  county 
Dublin  is  meant. 

Leucophasia  Sinapis.  Galway,  June. 

Argynnis  Aglaia.  Coast,  August ; com- 
mon. 

Satyrus  Semele.  Do.,  do. ; do. 

Lycsena  Alsus.  Galway,  June ; abun- 
dant. 

L.  Argiolus.  Powerscourt,  May. 

Thanaos  Tages.  Galway,  June. 

Choerocampa  Porcellus.  Galway, June. 
Walking  through  the  woods  in  the  after- 
noon I gathered  a lot  of  honeysuckle 
bloom,  and  afterwards  set  it,  in  moss,  in 
a field  where  Galium  verum  grew  in 
abundance : at  dusk  it  was  visited  by 
this  species  as  well  as  Noctuae. 

Macroglossa  Stellalarum.  Coast,  Aug. 

Sphecia  Bembeciforniis.  Do.,  July. 

Hepialus  Hectus.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 

H.  Velleda.  Common ; June,  July. 

Anthrocera  Minos.  Gal  way , J une,  J uly. 

Nola  Cristulalis.  May  ; scarce. 

Setina  Irrorella.  Galway,  June. 

Lithosia  Caniola.  Coast,  August  (see 
‘ Zoologist,’  p.  7407). 

Spilosoma  Fuliginosa.  Galway,  June. 

Orgyia  Pudibunda.  Do.,  do. 

Ellopia  Fasciaria.  Coast,  July. 

Selenia  Lunaria.  Oak  trunks ; Powers- 
court, May. 

Gnophos  Obscurata.  Common ; coast, 
July,  August. 

Venusia  Cambricaria.  Powerscourt, 
August. 

Acidalia  Promutata.  Coast,  J uly,  Aug. 

Strenia  Clathraria.  Galway,  June. 

Ligdia  Adustata.  Do.,  do. 

Larentia  Didymata.  Coast,  August; 
females  common. 

L.  Olivata.  Powerscourt,  August., 

Emmelesia  Blandiata.  Galway,  June. 

Eupithecia  Venosata.  Coast,  July. 

E.  Subumbrata.  Galway,  June. 

E.  Pygmseata.  Do.,  do. 

E.  Constriclata.  Do.,  do. 

E.  Subnotata.  Coast,  July. 

E.  Absinlhiata.  Do.,  do. 

E.  Pumilata.  Powerscourt,  May,  Aug. 


12 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Melanippe  Eubiginata.  Do.,  August. 

M.  Tvistata.  Galway,  June. 

M.  Galiata.  Common  ; Coast,  May  to 
September. 

Anticlea  Badiata.  Powerscourt,  May. 

Coreraia  Propugnata.  Do.,  do.,  Aug. 

Scotosia  Undulata.  Do.,  August. 

Cidaria  Suffumata.  Do.,  May. 

C.  Testata.  Coast,  July  to  Sept. 

C.  Dotata.  Powerscourt,  August. 

Cerura  Vinula.  Coast,  June,  July. 

Thyaiira  Derasa.  Do.,  July. 

T.  Balls.  Galway,  June.  A pretty 
variety;  ground-colour  olive-green. 

Acroiiycta  Liguslri.  Galway,  June. 

Leucania  Conigera.  Ragwort  bloom ; 
coast,  July. 

L.  Littoralis.  Raking;  coast,  July. 

L.  Comma.  Galway,  June. 

Xylophasia  Subluslris.  Galway,  June. 

Ourapteryx  Graminis.  Coast,  Sept. 

Cerigo  Cytherea.  Light ; do.,  August. 

Luperina  Cespitis.  Raking;  do.,  do. 

Mamestra  Anceps.  Do.;  do.,  July. 

M.  Albicolon.  Do. ; do.,  June. 

M.  Furva.  Light;  do.,  July,  August. 

Apamea  Unauimis.  July;  unusually 
fine. 

Miana  Strigilis.  In  June,  in  Galway, 
we  found  beautiful  light  varieties  of  this 
species,  allied  to  the  typical  form,  but 
much  prettier,  tinged  with  pink,  &c.,  and 
a few  nearly  double  the  ordinary  size. 
On  the  coast  here,  in  July,  the  same 
species  made  its  appearance  in  abund- 
ance, but  not  a single  light  variety ; some 
were  dark  red,  others  olive-brown,  and 
mixtures  of  both. 

M.  Literosa.  Coast,  Aug. ; common. 

M.  Furuncula.  Do.,  do.  All  the  spe- 
cimens pale  brownish  ochreous,  without 
lines. 

M.  Expolita.  Galway,  June.  Quite 
yeddish. 

Gram.  Trilinea,  var.  Bilinea.  June. 

Agrotis  Valligera.  Ragwort;  coast, 
July  to  September. 

A.  Lunigera.  Light ;'  do.,  July. 

A.  Corticea.  Galway,  June. 


A.  Cursoria.  Raking ; coast.  Sept. 

A.  Tritici.  Ragwort;  abundant;  coast, 
J uly  to  September. 

A.  Aquilina.  Do.;  coast,  August. 

A.  Obelisca.  Do.;  do.,  August  and 
September;  common. 

A.  Prtecox.  Ragwort;  coast,  August, 
September. 

A.  Lucernea.  Light;  do.,  July  to  Sept. 
Very  dark,  different  from  English  speci- 
mens. 

Triphsena  Interjecta.  Ragwort;  coast, 
August. 

Noctua  Glareosa.  Do. ; do.,  August, 
September. 

Dianthoecia  Capsophila.  Coast,  July 
(see  ‘Zoologist,’  p.  7324). 

Hadena  Adusta.  Galway,  June. 

H.  Deutina.  Do.,  do.;  abundant  and 
very  variable.  I was  repeatedly  puzzled 
by  seeing  a Noctua  hovering  in  the  bright 
sunshine  at  the  flowers  of  Lotus  cornicu- 
latus,  and  darting  rapidly  away  to  a 
short  distance,  when  I approached,  yet  I 
could  never  see  it  again  when  I followed 
it.  At  last  I found  out  the  trick : I 
watched  a specimen  dart  away  from  the 
flowers  and  hide  itself  in  a crevice  of  a 
mass  of  limestone  (which  in  that  neigh- 
bourhood crops  out  of  the  ground  very 
much),  and  on  examination  found  that  it 
was  this  species.  They  must  have  been 
having  a taste  on  the  sly,  and  hurried 
away  to  their  concealment,  on  being  dis- 
turbed. This  did  not  prevent  them  from 
paying  devoted  attention  to  the  sugar  in 
the  evening. 

H.  Pisi.  Coast,  July. 

H.  Thnlnssina.  Galway,  June. 

PJusia  iota.  August. 

P.  V-aureum.  Galway,  June. 

Siilbia  Anomala.  Coast,  September. 

Euclidia  Mi.  Galway,  June. 

E.  Glyphica.  Do.,  do. 

Rivula  Sericealis.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 

Pyrausta  Purpuralis.  Galway,  June. 

Ehodaria  Sanguinalis.  Do.,  do. 

Herbula  Cespitalis.  Coast,  August. 

Paraponyx  Stratiotalis.  July. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


13 


Botys  Fuscalis.  Galway,  June. 
Ebulea  Crocealis.  Coast,  &c.,  July, 
August. 

Eudorea  Cembralis.  Coast,  J uly. 

E.  Lineolalis.  Do.,  do.,  September. 
E.  Cratifigalis.  Do.,  do. 

E.  Resiualis.  Powerscourt,  August. 
E.  Coaretalis.  Coast,  August,  Sept. 
Cranibus  Genieuleus.  Coast,  August, 
September. 

Phycis  Ornatella.  Do.,  September. 

P.  Dilutella.  Do.,  July,  August. 
Tortrix  Sorbiana.  July. 

T.  Cinnamomeana.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 
T.  Heparana.  August. 

T.  Icterana.  Coast,  July. 

Dichelia  Grotiana.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 
Pei'onea  Mixtana.  Do.,  May. 

P.  Ferrugana.  Do.,  do. 

Penthina  Betulcetana.  Do.,  August. 
Spilonota  Amserana.  Coast,  July. 
Sericoris  Littorana.  Do.,  do. 

S.  Cespitaua.  Do.,  do. 

Orthotaenia  Antiquana.  Do.,  August. 
Sciapbila  Passivana.  Do.,  July,  Sept. 
S.  Penziana.  Do.,  do. 

Capua  Ochraceana.  Powerscourt,  May, 
June. 

Phoxopleryx  Lundana.  Coast,  May, 
June,  August. 

Grapholita  Paykulliana.  Powerscourt, 
August. 

G.  Nigroraaculana.  Coast,  July. 

G.  Gemiiiana.  Powerscourt,  August. 
Phlaeodes  Immundana.  Do.,  May. 
Ephippiphora  Scutulana.  Galway, 
June. 

E.  Brunnichiana.  Coast,  July. 

E.  Signatana.  July. 

E.  Trigeminana.  Coast,  July. 

E.  Tetragonana.  Do.,  do. 

Semasia  Rufillana.  Galway,  June. 
Retinea  Pinivorana.  Do.,  do. 
Dicrorainpha  Acuminatana.  Coast, 
August. 

D.  Simpliciana.  Galway,  June. 
Eupicoelia  Atrieapitana.  Coast,  do. 
Xanthosetia  zoegana.  Do.,  do.,  July. 
X.  Hamana.  Do.,  do.,  do. 


Argyrolepia  Baumanniana.  Galway, 
June. 

A.  Cnicana.  Coast,  July. 

Cochylis  Franeillana.  Do.,  do. 

C.  Stramineana.  Do.,  do. 

Psyche  Roboricolella.  Do.,  do. 
Diplodoma  Marginepunctella.  Powers- 

coui't;  bred. 

Tinea  Ferruginella.  Coast,  July. 

T.  Pallescentella.  Dublin,  Sept. 
Lampronia  Luzella.  Coast,  August. 
Micropteryx  Calthella.  Powerscourt, 
May. 

M.  Subpurpurella.  Do.,  do. 
Nemophora  Swammerdamella.  Do.,  do. 

N.  Schwarziella.  Do.,  do. 
Swammerdamia  Corapiella.  Powers- 

couvt,  Galway,  May,  June. 

S.  Caesiella.  Galway,  June. 
Cerostoma  Radiatella.  Powerscourt, 
August. 

Phibalocera  Quercella.  Do.,  do. 
Depressaria  Coslosella.  Coast,  Aug., 
September. 

D.  Umbellella.  Do.,  September. 

D.  Vacciniella.  Powerscourt,  May. 

D.  Coiuerminella.  Coast,  Aug.,  Sept. 
Gelechia  Cinerella.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 
G.  Mulinella.  Do.,  do. 

G.  Desertella.  Coast,  June. 

G.  Expoliiella.  Do. 

G.  Arlemisiella.  Do.,  July. 

G.  Mundella.  Do.,  June. 

G.  Affinella.  Do.,  do. 

G.  Domesticella.  Powerscourt,  Aug. 
G.  Ehombella.  Coast,  May. 

G.  Proximella.  Galway,  June. 

G.  Maculella.  Coast,  September, 

G.  Vicinella.  Do.,  August. 

G.  Marmorella.  Do.,  J uly. 

G.  Instabilella.  Do.,  September. 
Anarsia  Spartiella.  Do.,  July. 
CEcophora  Stipeila.  Galway,  June. 
CEgoconia  Kindermanniella.  Coast, 
September. 

Butalis  Grandipeunella.  Larvas;  coast, 
May. 

Glyphipteryx  Fischeriella.  Coast, 
July. 


14 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Argyresthia  Albistriella.  Powerscourt, 
August. 

Gracilaria  Tringipennella.  Galway, 
June. 

G.  Phasianipennella.  Coast,  May. 

Coleophora  Alcyonipennella.  Do.,  J uly. 

C.  Albicostella.  Galway,  June. 

C.  Discordella.  Do.,  do. 

C.  Vilisella.  Powerscourt,  May. 

Batracbedra  Prseaugustella.  Do.,  Aug. 

Chrysocovis  Festaliella.  Coast,  May. 

Elachista  Cygnipennella.  Do.,  June, 
July;  abundant. 

Litbocolletis  Bremiella.  Powerscourt, 
May. 

Pterophorus  Trigonodactylus.  Coast, 
July. 

P.  Tetradactylus.  Galway,  June. 

Powerscourt  is  situated  among  tbe 
Wicklow  Mountains,  and  is  the  property 
of  Viscount  Powerscourt ; it  is  a lovely 
country,  and  well  wooded.  My  success 
during  a few  days  in  Galway  was  mainly 
attributable  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Bircb- 
all  in  showing  me  the  best  localities.  So 
considerable  a list  of  captures  in  a season 
so  wet  and  cold  as  tbe  last  appears  to  me 
to  prove  either  that  Ireland  is  not  so  poor 
in  an  entomological  point  of  view  as  has 
generally  been  supposed,  or  that  Irish 
insects  are  less  affected  by  unfavourable 
weather  than  English  ones. — Charles 
G.  Barrett,  30,  Parkgate  St.,  Dublin; 
March  18,  1861. 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

A Gruhhery  of  Cossus  Ligniperda. — 
This  morning  (April  2nd)  a man  brought 
me  two  Cossus  larvae,  or  (as  he  called 
them)  “ red  grubs ; they  smelt  wonderful 
to  be  sure,  but  perhaps  they  might  be 
something  in  my  way.”  On  his  further 
informing  me  that  he  found  them  just 
under  the  bark  of  a tree  he  was  cutting 
up  that  had  been  blown  down  in  the  late 
high  winds,  and  that  he  “reckoned” 


there  might  be  more,  as  tbe  holes  were 
“ wholly  wonderful,”  I immediately  ac- 
companied him  to  the  spot,  and  found  it 
was  a small  elm  tree,  grown  on  the  side 
of  a bank,  in  a hedgerow.  Truly,  from 
the  honeycombed  appearance  of  part  of 
tbe  stem,  my  countryman  might  well 
imagine  there  were  more.  The  holes 
seemed  confined  to  a small  space  about 
two  feet  in  length  and  about  one  foot 
distant  from  the  ground.  Removing  a 
small  .portion  of  the  bark  I found  nine 
larvas  between  it  and  the  wood  of  tbe  tree. 
Anxious  to  obtain  as  many  as  possible,  I 
sent  for  a saw,  and  had  the  mined  por- 
tion of  the  tree  taken  off  and  brought 
home.  The  stem  thus  cut  measured  one 
way  fifteen  inches  in  diameter,  the  other 
way  twenty-three  inches  in  diameter,  both 
measurements  taken  at  the  bottom  of  my 
block  (for  the  tree  was  not  round-shaped) ; 
the  length  of  the  block  was,  as  I before 
said,  two  feet.  I had  a large  earthen 
pot  in  which  I was  desirous  of  placing 
the  mass  intact,  but  found  it  impossible, 
as  my  pot,  though  rather  more  than  two 
feet  deep,  was  only  sixteen  inches  wide. 
I therefore  cut  the  block  down  to  the 
necessary  size  (about  thirteen  inches  in 
diameter),  and  in  so  doing  disimbedded 
twelve  full-grown  larvae,  twenty-one  of  a 
two  years’  growth,  and  thirty-four  of  ap- 
parently one  year’s  growth, — a total  of 
sixty-seven,  and  apparently  tbe  remainder 
of  the  block  was  as  densely  populated  as 
the  part  I cut  up.  The  upper  part  of 
the  block  where  sawn  oflf  had  no  traces 
of  holes;  tbe  lower  part  was  two-thirds 
rotten  as  tinder,  the  other  third  having 
only  a few  holes  visible;  the  centre  that 
I exposed  to  view  was  riddled.  Is  it 
usual  to  find  Cossus  larvae  thus  crowded 
together?  and  do  you  often  find  different 
aged  broods  in  the  same  tree  ? Otherwise 
how  are  the  various  sizes  to  be  accounted 
for?  some  being  only  seven  lines  long, 
others  twenty  lines,  and  the  largest  ones 
thirty-one  and  thirty-two  lines. — W.T.  R. 

[Have  any  of  our  readers  met  with  a 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


15 


similar  assemblage?  We  shall  be  glad 
of  any  obseryalions.] 

Adela  Sulzeriella  F Larva. — From 
Herr  Miihlig,  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main, 
I have  received  some  Adela  larvas,  which 
it  is  suggested  are  probably  those  of 
A.  Sulzeriella.  They  were  found  on  the 
1st  of  April,  beneath  a hedge  in  which 
grew  roses,  plum,  currant,  but  especially 
privet.  Herr  Miihlig  imagines  that  the 
larvae  when  young  mine  the  leaves  of 
the  privet,  as  the  imago  is  fond  of  sit- 
ting on  the  privet-blossom  and  of  hover- 
ing round  it.  At  present  the  larvae  are 
feeding  on  miscellaneous  dried  leaves. — 
H.  T.  Stainton  ; April  8,  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Glyphipteryx  Haworthana. — I shall  be 
glad  to  send  pupae  of  this  insect  to  any 
person  who  may  require  them,  on  receipt 
of  a box  and  return  postage. — C.  Camp- 
bell, 3,  Vine  Terrace,  Rochdale  Road, 
Manchester  ; April  8,  1861. 

Erirhinus  vorax. — I am  sorry  to  an- 
nounce that,  after  repeated  essays,  my 
captures  of  this  insect  have  been  nil. 
I find  that  where,  from  last  year’s 
experience,  I had  expected  a plentiful 
harvest,  the  water,  from  the  continued 
rain,  has  risen  high  enough  up  the  stems 
of  the  trees  to  destroy  all  the  inhabitants 
of  the  moss.  I have  found  numbers  quite 
dead  and  decayed  from  the  influence  of 
the  water.  I am  going  to  reside  for  some 
time  near  London,  and  if  unsuccessful 
there,  I must  either  return  the  boxes 
empty,  which  I should  be  sorry  to  do,  or 
else  the  owners  must  wait  till  next  season 
for  the  completion  of  my  promise.  If 
any  of  them  have  the  black  poplar  in 
their  neighbourhood  I have  no  doubt  but 
that  they  would  find  the  insect  under  the 
bark,  as  I see  it  is  taken  in  diflerent 
parts  of  the  country. — R.  Tyeee,  jun., 
Hill  House,  Eye ; April  4,  1861. 


LARVA  OF  MICROFTERYX. 

Theough  the  kindness  of  Herr  Hof- 
mann, we  have  received  a copy  of  Kalten- 
bach’s  observations,  already  referred  to 
(Int.  vol.  ix.  p.  196)  ; they  are  contained 
in  the  sixteenth  volume  of  the  ‘ Ver- 
haudlungen  des  naturhistorichen  Vereines 
der  preussischen  Rheinlande  uud  West- 
phalens,’  at  p.  281. 

Kaltenbach’s  paper  is  a voluminous 
one  on  “ Die  deutschen  Phytophagen  aus 
der  Classe  der  Insekten,”  in  which  he 
enumerates  under  each  plant  the  insects 
feeding  on  it;  three  portions  of  this  paper 
have  now  appeared,  treating  of  the  plants 
whose  generic  names  commence  with  the 
letters  A,  B and  C respectively.  Under 
the  heading  Coeylus,  Hazelbush,  we 
find  recorded  as  follows: — 

“9.  Micropteryx  Semicuprella,  ZeW. — 
The  larva  lives  in  young  hazel-leaves, 
making  brown  mines,  which  are  at  first  ser- 
pentine, of  gradually  increasing  breadth, 
and  always  close  to  the  margin  of  the 
leaf.  At  the  middle  or  end  of  May  it 
descends  to  the  earth,  and  the  perfect 
insect  is  produced  in  the  following 
April. 

“ Larva  2 lines  long,  apodal,  slender, 
almost  cylindrical,  gradually  tapering 
from  the  slightly  broader  pectoral  seg- 
ments. The  colour  is  yellowish  white,  with 
the  alimentary  canal  showing  through 
green.  The  skin  is  naked,  under  a lens  it 
appears  almost  granulated;  on  each  seg- 
ment is  a smooth  transverse  fold.  Head 
brown,  very  small,  with  white  bristles, 
jaws  squarish,  with  four  blunt  little  teeth 
on  the  “ kauflache ; ” prothorax  with  two 
brown  spots  beneath,  above  with  four 
small  brown  blotches  placed  in  a curve, 
anteriorly  it  appears  rather  darker  from 
the  retracted  bead  showing  through.  On 
the  sides  of  each  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments is  a small  raised  spot,  uncoloured. 


16 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


directed  externally,  and  furnished  with  a 
short  hair,  and  near  it,  more  towards  the 
under  side,  two  small  bristle-hairs  are 
perceptible.  Anal  segment  cylindrical, 
with  two  bristles  projecting  backwards.” 

To  what  insect  has  the  name  Semi- 
c«pre//a, Zell., been  assigned?  and  which 
known  Microplerrjx  feeds  on  hazel  ? are 
questions  that  will  probably  occur  to 
many  of  our  readers,  but  which  at  present 
we  are  unable  to  answer. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

The  names  of  subscribers  for  Vols.VI. — 
X.,  at  10«.  per  volume,  received  up  to 
Tuesday  night,  April  9lh: — 

].  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwriglit,  J.  H. 

.3.  Russell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdiiie,  F. 

5.  Killiugback,  H.W. 

6.  j\I‘Lachlan,  R. 

7.  Laichford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett,  C.G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 

1 1.  D’Orville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 

15.  Wilkinson,  T. 


Fex  Insects.  — Having  received  a 
number  of  applications  since  my  letters 
in  Nos. 227  and  232  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer,’ 
I now  beg  to  state  that  there  are  enough 
shares  for  Lepidoptera  taken  to  encourage 
me  to  proceed  with  my  project.  I shall 
therefore  collect  in  the  fens  as  proposed, 
and  will,  on  the  1st  of  May,  forward  to 
each  of  my  subscribers  a list  of  all  the 
shareholders.  The  engagement  on  my 
part  to  begin  from  this  date  and  end  on 
the  10th  of  October.  For  Coleoptera  and 
the  other  orders  only  three  bidders  have 
come  forward  out  of  the  six  wanted.  I 
now  beg  to  thank  all  my  subscribers,  and 
will  do  my  best  to  satisfy  them. — W. 
WxNTEit,  Aldcby ; April  3,  1860. 


For  SALE,  Cheap. — A.  Mahogany 
CABINET  of  Twenty  Drawer.®, 
corked,  with  plate-glass  frames.  Height 
3 feet;  breadth  3 feet  8 inches;  depth 
1 foot  1 1 inches  ; depth  of  drawers,  out- 
side measurement,  2f  inches. 

Address,  A.  W.,  Post  OfBce,  Tooting, 
Surrey. 


The  lepidopterist’s 

CALENDAR.  By  Joseph 
Meerin.  Price  Is.  6d.;  cloth  2s. 

“On  the  whole  we  are  of  opinion  that 
this  volume  will  be  found  very  serviceable 
to  all  that  numerous  class  who  have  not 
already  learned  everything  by  their  own  ex- 
perience.”— Entomologixl's  Intelligencer. 

“ To  those  who  have  only  collected  the 
perfect  insect,  we  recommend  this  Ca- 
lenilar  as  opening  up  to  them  a higher 
source  of  interest  and  instruction,  in  ob- 
serving the  forms  and  habits  of  the  earlier 
conditions  of  the  various  species  of  Lepi- 
doptera.”— AtliencBum. 

London  : E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire 
Street,  Bi.shopsgate.  Sent  on  receipt  of 
Is.  6d.  or  2s.  in  postage  stamps  by  the 
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Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
^ate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  237.]  SATUEDAY,  APEIL  20,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Those  who  have  perused  the  previous 
articles  on  the  subject  of  the  papers 
read  before  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London  in  the  early  years  of  its 
existence  will  remember  that  the  num- 
ber of  papers  during  each  of  the  first 
nine  years  after  the  foundation  of  the 


Society  was  as  follows;  — 

In  1834  . . . . 

30 

9? 

1835 

27 

9> 

1836  . . . . 

, 22 

1837 

22 

9> 

1838  . . . . 

, 12 

99 

1839 

11 

99 

1840  . . . . 

7 

99 

1841 

14 

99 

1842  . . . . 

, 17 

Showing  a gradual  subsidence  till  1840, 
and  then  a progressive  rise.  We  have 
now  to  consider  what  was  the  subse- 
quent position  of  affairs. 

In  1843  nine  papers  were  read,  con- 
tributed by  seven  authors;  seven  of 
these  papers  were  published  in  1845 
and  the  other  two  in  1846. 

In  1844  nine  papers  likewise  were 
read,  contributed  by  six  authors;  three 
of  these  were  published  in  1846  and 
the  remainder  in  1847. 


In  1845  eight  papers  were  read, 
contributed  by  three  authors;  all  of 
these  were  published  in  1847. 

In  1846  ten  papers  were  read,  con- 
tributed by  six  authors;  nine  of  these 
were  published  in  the  following  year* 
and  the  remaining  paper  appeared  in 
1848.  This,  it  will  be  observed,  was 
a considerable  improvement  on  the 
dilatory  state  of  affairs  immediately 
preceding : this  improvement  may  in 
part  be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that 
in  January,  1847,  a second  Secretary, 
in  the  person  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Evans,  was 
elected  to  assist  Mr.  Westwood  in  the 
arduous  duties  which  he  had  pre- 
viously discharged  for  many  years 
without  assistance.  It  is  quite  evident 
that  two  Secretaries  must  be  able  to 
dispose  of  the  arrears  more  rapidly 
and  eflaciently  than  a single  Secre- 
tary. 

In  1847  thirteeii'  papers  were  read, 
contributed  by  nine  authors ; five  of 
these  were  published  the  same  year 
and  eight  in  1848. 

It  was  in  January,  1848,  that  Mr. 
Westwood  retired  from  the  office  of 
Secretary,  and  was  succeeded  by  the 
late  Mr.  Edward  Doubleday.  By  soiiir 


D 


18 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


accident  no  account  of  this  Anniversaiy 
Meeting'  appears  iii  the  ‘Proceedings’ 
of  this  Society ; it  should  have  found 
a place  in  vol.  v.,  between  pages  xxx. 
and  xxxi. 


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At  Worcester,  of  G.  Morgan,  Bookseller 
and  News  Agent,  Little  Angel  St. ; 
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Alt  cnminunicatinnx  to  be  nrldresseil  lo 
Mr.  H.  T.  St.4inton,  Mounhfietd, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S.E . A"o  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exch.vnge. — The  charge  for  lists  o^ 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  a® 


before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

H.  S.  C. — You  will  find  out  what 
rarities  are  to  be  caught  near  Hastings 
by  catching  them.  No  one  can  predict 
what  you  will  catch,  because  much  de- 
pends on  your  energy  and  perseverance. 

T.  B. — From  home;  your  pupa  ap- 
pears to  be  G.  elongella  ; will  return  it 
when  we  return. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Amphidasis  Prodromaria. — I have 
much  pleasure  in  announcing  the  cap- 
ture of  two  specimens  of  this  insect,  in 
cop.,  in  West  Wickham  Wood,  on  the 
6ih  ult. ; they  were  at  rest  on  the  trunk 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


19 


of  a very  larp^e  oak : I hope  to  secure 
a batch  of  eggs. — F.  Ayland,  2,  Duke 
Street,  Blaekfriars,  S.;  April  10,  1861. 

Captures  near  Manchester. — We  have 
made  the  following  captures  at  sallows 
ill  this  neighbourhood : — 

Taeniocampa  Populeti, 

Peronea  Hastiana, 

Depressaria  Ocellella, 

...  Applanella. 

Out  of  Scotch  firs  we  have  beaten  the 
following : — 

Trachea  Piniperda. 

Retinia  Pinivorana  (larva). 

.Thera  Variata  (larva). 

Solenobia  Inconspicuella  (larva  and 
pupa). 

Xanthia  Cerago  (larva).  Abundant. 
Glyphipteryx  Haworthana  (pupa). 
Abundant. 

Under  bark  of  sycamore  we  have  taken 
larvte  of  Sligmonota  Regiana  ; and,  with 
a lamp  at  dusk,  AwZicZea  Badiata,  at  rest. 
— Joseph  Chappell  & W.  Woething- 
TON,  5,  Pond  Place,  Hulme,  Manchester ; 
April  9,  1861. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Captures  of  Coleoptera  near  Mun- 
ch ester. — 

Anchomenus  Ericeti, 

...  Junceus, 

...  Dorsalis, 

Necrophorus  Humator, 

Catops  Chrysomeloides, 

Hyllobius  Abietis, 

Erirhinus  Maculatus, 

Salpingus  Castaneus, 

Boletobius  Analis  (in  an  ants’  nest), 
Bembidium  Quadrimaculatum, 
Pterostichus  Vernalis, 

...  Erythropus. 

— J.  Chappell  & W.  Worthington, 

5,  Pond  Place,  Hulme,  Manchester ; 
April  9,  1861. 


Coleophora  Otivaceella  near  Sheffield. — 
On  Friday  afternoon,  the  12th  instant,  I 
happened  to  notice  some  blotched  leaves 
of  the  Stellaria  Holoslea  between  here 
and  Handsworth  ; and  on  making  some 
closer  search  I observed  that  some  of  the 
blotches  had  the  peculiar  green  tinge 
which  is  not  infrequent  in  the  mines  of 
C.  Olivaceella,  but  which  I have  never 
observed  in  the  mines  of  C.  Solitariella. 
In  a short  time  my  suspicion  was  verified 
by  the  capture  of  a larva  of  C.  Olivaceella. 
I have  not  yet  succeeded  in  finding  a 
second  specimen,  but  at  any  rate  this 
adds  a new  locality  for  that  species. 
Gelechia  fraternella  is  very  common  here 
in  the  heads  of  Stellaria  Uliginosa. — 
H.  T.  Stainton,  Darnall,  near  Shef- 
field; April  15,  1861. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Micropteryx  Larvae. — In  reference  to 
your  observations,  at  p.  16,Af.  semi- 
cuprella  is  no  doubt  a lapsus  calami 
either  of  Kaltenbach’s  or  my  own ; Semi- 
purpurella  was  meant.  I remember  to 
have  read  somewhere  of  a Micropteryx 
larva  in  birch  leaves.  I have  no  doubt 
but  that  I found  these  larva  about  thirty 
years  ago,  but  neglected  them,  sup- 
posing them  Coleopterous. — Professor 
Zeller,  Meseritz ; April,  1861. 

Larva  of  Cossus  Ligniperda.  — I be- 
lieve there  is  nothing  unusual  in  the 
assembling  of  the  larvae  of  C.  Ligniperda 
as  described  by  your  correspondent 
W.  T.  R.,  in  this  week’s  ‘ Intelligencer.’ 
Similar  cases  have  fallen  under  my 
notice  in  the  Regent’s  Park  ; one  in  the 
course  of  last  summer,  when  a man,  in 
cutting  down  a tree  in  the  grounds  of 
the  Toxopholite  Society,  laid  open  a 
“ grubbery  ” of  about  sixty  larvae,  some 
two  dozen  of  which  were  handed  over  to 
me  in  a flower-pot.  The  ensemble 
formed  quite  a “ nosegay.”  The  man 


20 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


who  operated  upon  the  tree  said  he  was 
almost  stifled  when  he  first  intruded  on 
their  privacy.  — J.  R.  Hind,  22,  Grove 
Road,  St.  John’s  Wood ; April  13. 

Zeuzera  AEsculi.  — I am  able  to  con- 
firm a statement  made  some  time  since 
by  one  of  your  correspondents,  that 
Zeuzera  j^sculi  continues  more  than 
one  year  in  the  larva  state.  The  eggs 
hatch  in  about  three  weeks,  the  larvae 
remaining  small  during  the  first  year. 
In  the  second  year,  when  the  imago  is 
out,  they  are  about  half-fed,  and  I sus- 
pect make  their  appearance  in  the  per- 
fect state  generally  in  the  third  year  : 
on  this  point,  however,  I cannot  speak 
with  certainty.  In  July,  1859,  many  of 
the  imago  were  found  on  some, lilacs  and 
thorns  in  this  neighbourhood  : late  in 
the  summer  small  larvae  were  boring  the 
trunks  and  branches  of  the  same  trees, 
and  in  July,  I860,  were  still  at  work, 
much  larger,  though  yet  far  from  their 
full  growth.  I have  not  examined  the 
trees  since,  but  expect  to  find  pupae 
when  I do  so.  These  larvae  I believe  are 
not  in  the  habit  of  congregating  to  the 
same  extent  as  those  of  Ligniperda.  — 
Ibid. 

Larvce  of  Cossus  ligniperda. — , Often  in 
former  years  have  1 seen  five  or  six 
empty  pupa-skins  of  Cossus  projecting 
from  an  old  willow  tree,  and  supposed 
only  that  the  same  number  of  larvae  had 
fed  and  changed  in  the  trunk,  the  sole 
enquiry  as  far  as  I recollect  that  arose 
in  my  mind  being  how  it  was  known 
that  the  larva  of  Cossus  lived  three  years 
before  it  changed  to  a pupa,  for  so  went 
the  family  tradition.  Later,  when  I 
took  to  collecting  the  Coleoptera  that  live 
under  bark,  these  Cossus  larvae  came 
oftener  under  my  closer  notice,  and  I 
then  found  that  not  only  were  they  of 
gregarious  habits  but  that  the  individuals 
of  the  communities  were  of  widely  dififer- 
ent  sizes,  and  as  I presumed  of  different 


ages.  As  your  correspondent,  W.  T.  R. 
(ante  p.  14)  states,  of  the  lot  to  which 
his  attention  was  directed,  there  were 
always  three  sizes ; thus  perhaps  the 
idea  arose  that  the  insect  exists  three 
years  in  the  larva  state.  It  was  all  but 
certain  that  those  which  were  two  and  a 
half  inches  long  would  become  pupae  and 
be  perfected  in  the  next  season.  It  was 
reasonable  to  believe  that  those  an  inch 
and  a half  long  would  not  be  ready  to 
change  for  a year  after  that,  and  that 
the  little  ones  were  still  twelve  months 
younger;  but  this  was  only  a reasonable 
supposition.  Further,  although  we  know 
that  in  some  species  of  moths,  the  cater- 
pillars of  one  brood  when  external  feeders 
sometimes  vary  extremely  in  their  de- 
velopment, so  that  some  become  perfect 
insects  many  months  before  the  others, 
yet  I doubt  if  the  three  sizes  of  Cossus 
larvae  now  under  consideration  were  pro- 
duced from  one  batch  of  egg.  Rather  I 
think  there  were  three  generations  of 
parents,  but  this  is  also  only  a supposition. 
The  larvae  of  Cossus  are  found  in  various 
trees  ; willow,  birch,  alder,  elm  and  oak 
being  the  favourites,  and  it  is  only  in  old 
settlements  that  their  presence  becomes 
known  by  the  damage  done  to  the  tree, 
the  wood  in  such  cases  being  riddled 
through  and  through,  and,  the  bark  being 
detached,  the  ruin  effected  becomes  ap- 
parent. Many  a fine  old  tree  is  killed 
by  these  larvae : I know  one  oak,  known 
as  “ the  spectre  oak,”  which  has  gradu- 
ally been  despoiled  by  these  cave- 
making robbers,  and  now  holds  its  bare 
arms  aloft  as  if  invoking  punishment  on 
its  destroyers.  But  when  the  colony  of 
larvae  is  young  there  is  very  little  out- 
ward and  visible  sign  of  the  destruction 
going  on  within,  yet  when  the  informed 
entomologist  pulls  off  the  scarcely 
loosened  bark,  the  associations  of  the 
marauders  are  apparent.  — J.  W.  Doug- 
las, Lee;  April  16. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


21 


EXCHANGE. 

Exchange. — I have  a number  of  pupae 
of  Clostera  Reclusa  which  I would  he 
glad  to  exchange  for  pup®  of  the  follow- 
ing 

C.  Elpenor, 

P.  Machaon, 

S.  Tili®, 

S.  Ligustri. 

Or  larv®  of  the  following  ; — 

H.  Dominula, 

A.  Villica, 

C.  Nupta, 

E.  Russula, 

N.  Plantaginis. 

If  applicants  receive  no  answer  in  a 
week  they  may  conclude  that  their 
offers  are  rejected.  — Wm.  Myers,  San- 
derson Street,  Workington,  Cumberland ; 
April  14,  1861. 


JOURNAL  OF  ENTOMOLOGY. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer,' 

Sir, — I am  very  glad  to  find  that 
Mr.  Douglas  seems  to  feel  that  he  was 
hasty  and  inconsiderate  in  stating  that 
the  ‘Journal  of  Entomology’  was  “a 
mistake,”  and  did  not  sooner  remember 
his  own  quotation. 

Many  persons  who  are  accused  say 
they  could  disprove  the  case,  but  if  they 
do  not  do  so  one  understands  it  simply 
means,  “ I know  I am  wrong,  but  do  not 
like  to  admit  it.”  Does  he  mean  to  say 
that  Mr.  F.  Smith  did  not,  a short  time 
ago,  withdraw  his  paper  and  print  it  in 
the  ‘ Zoologist,’  and  that  Mr.  Smith  and 
Mr.  Wollaston  have  not  accompanied  the 
papers  they  have  sent  in  this  year  with 
letters  making  a condition  before  they 


are  read  that  they  are  to  he  printed  in  a 
short  time?  and  I do  not  know  how  a 
journal  can  fall  into  arrears  that  has  no 
fixed  time  of  appearance. 

My  observations,  I beg  to  say,  are  not 
dictated  by  any  personal  feeling  against 
Mr.  Douglas,  whom  I respect  as  a friend 
and  a man,  and  estimate  for  what  he 
has  done  in  Entomology,  but  against  the 
system  of  attempting  to  prevent  compe- 
tition in  Science  and  in  the  publication 
of  scientific  papers,  where  it  is  as  useful  as 
it  is  in  trade, — a subject  in  which  I have 
considerable  experience  and  take  much 
interest. 

Is  no  one  to  write  on  any  subject 
unless  he  has  a pecuniary  interest  in 
it?  Surely  Mr.  Douglas  cannot  want  a 
stronger  demoustration  on  the  part  of 
those  Members  of  the  Society  who  started 
the  ‘Journal’  than  the  fact  that,  after 
having  subscribed  to  the  funds  of  the 
Society  for  years,  they  found  it  necessary 
to  incur  fresh  expenses  and  put  forth  a 
journal  at  their  own  cost  for  papers  which 
the  President  of  the  Society  thinks  ought 
to  be  sent  to  the  Society,  where,  to  my 
knowledge,  several  papers  read  some 
time  ago  are  waiting  to  be  printed. 

I am  now  told  the  real  difficulty  is 
want  of  funds ; if  this  be  the  case  it  is 
surely  a reason  why  an  entomologist 
should  admire  the  zeal  of  the  Member's 
who  started  the  ‘ Journal,’  instead  of 
saying  it  is  “ a mistake,”  and  throw  cold 
water  on  them  and  it. 

I am,  sir. 

Yours  very  truly, 

John  Edward  Gray. 

British  Museum, 

April  5,  1861. 


22 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


A NOTICE  OF  GELECHIA  SUBDE- 
CGKTELLA  AND  ITS  LARVA. 

BY  H.  T.  STAINTON,  F.L.S. 

{Mead  before  the  Cambridge  Entomological  Society, 
March  1861.) 

On  the  7th  of  August  last,  I received  a 
small  box  from  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  of 
Cambridge,  enclosiug  a dead  moth. 
Mr.  Brown,  in  his  letter,  stated  that  he 
had  reared  some  of  the  insect  sent  from 
larvEB  that  fed  upon  the  purple  loose- 
strife, and  wished  to  know  what  the 
insect  was,  and  whether  I wanted  the 
larva.  I looked  at  the  dead  insect  as 
it  lay  in  the  box,  and  said,  without  a 
moment’s  hesitation,  that  the  insect  was 
Laverna  decorella ; on  the  following  day 
I wrote  to  that  effect  to  Mr.  Brown,  and 
1 inserted  a notice  of  the  fact  in  the  ‘ In- 
telligencer’ of  August  18th. 

I was  certainly  rather  surprised  at 
L.  decorella  occurring  on  Lyihrum,  as 
Professor  Frey  had  previously  bred  that 
species  from  Epilohium  hirsutum,  a plant 
which  is  a great  favourite  of  the  genus 
Laverna. 

On  the  19lh  of  November  Mr.  Brown 
asked  me  to  look  again  at  the  insect  he 
had  sent  me,  and  which  I had  supposed 
to  be  L.  decorella,  adding,  “ I have  just 
been  told  that  it  is  likely  that  they  will 
prove  to  be  Geleckia  subdecurtella.” 

To  this  I replied  that  the  insect  had 
no  doubt  been  thrown  away,  as  I could 
not  find  it,  and  had  set  no  special  value 
on  it,  reputing  it  to  be  only  L.  decorella, 
though  one  of  the  first  bred  specimens  of 
that  species. 

I should  have  thought  nothing  more 
about  the  matter,  but  on  the  20th  of 
December  I received  a letter  from  Mr. 
Bond  (the  substance  of  which  was  pub- 


lished in  the  ‘ Intelligencer’  of  the  29th 
of  December).  In  this  letter  Mr.  Bond 
assured  me  that  he  had  compared  some 
of  Mr.  Brown’s  bred  specimens  with  his 
own  specimens  of  Geleckia  suhdecurtella, 
and  that  they  were  undoubtedly  the  same 
insect.  What  could  I say?  I could  not 
doubt  such  evidence  as  to  the  insects  re- 
tained by  Mr.  Brown,  but  still  I thought 
that  the  specimen  sent  to  me  had  been 
Laverna  decorella,  but  having  thrown 
away  or  lost  the  specimen  I was  unable 
to  prove  the  point  which  I so  stoutly 
maintained. 

Probably  I should  always  have  held 
the  same  opinion,  but  unfortunately  (or 
perhaps  one  ought  to  say  fortunately)  one 
day  last  mouth,  whilst  hunting  for  some 
cocoons  which  I had  mislaid,  and  rum- 
maging in  search  thereof  in  all  unlikely 
places,  I stumbled  upon  a pill-box,  in 
which  there  was  a dead  moth  reposing 
on  a couch  of  cotton-wool.  A glance 
showed  me  it  was  the  reputed  Laverna 
decorella  ! but  a closer  inspection  con- 
vinced me  that  it  was  Geleckia  sub- 
decurtella  !! 

Here  then  had  Mr.  Brown  been  mis- 
led for  months  by  an  erroneous  opinion, 
I had  too  hastily  expressed  without  suffi- 
cient investigation. 

Geleckia  subdecurlella  is  a scarce  fen 
species,  not  yet  known  to  occur  on  the 
Continent.  I announced  its  occurrence 
in  the  ‘ Entomologist’s  Annual  ’ for  1859 
but  I then  forebore  to  give  a detailed 
description,  having  only  seen  two  speci- 
mens taken  in  this  neighbourhood  by 
Mr.  Bond.  I now  beg  to  supply  that 
defect. 

Expansion  of  the  wings  6 lines.  Head, 
palpi  and  antennae  grey.  Anterior  wings 
iron-grey,  or  blueish  grey,  along  the 
costa,  whitish  along  the  inner  margin. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


23 


traversed  by  three  tawny  fasciae,  which 
naturally  are  scarcely  visible  in  the  dark 
portion  of  the  wing,  but  are  very  con- 
spicuous on  the  pale  inner  margin,  where 
the  first  tawny  blotch  lies  almost  at  the 
base,  the  second  obliquely  placed  before 
the  middle,  and  the  third  and  most  con- 
spicuous is  perpendicularly  placed  beyond 
the  middle;  on  the  fold  these  bands  are 
intersected  by  some  stout  black  dashes ; 
beyond  the  third  tawny  fascia  is  the  pale 
hinder  fascia,  which  is  nearly  white, 
broadest  on  the  costa  and  rather  sharply 
angulaled  ; the  apical  portion  of  the  wing 
is  blueish  black,  dotted  with  whitish  round 
the  hind  margin ; costal  cilia  dark  grey ; 
cilia  of  the  hind  margin  whitish,  with 
the  bases  grey  and  a grey  line  towards 
the  tip.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  the 
cilia  of  the  same  colour. 

The  larva  which  probably  belongs  to 
this  species  feeds  on  the  Lylhrum  sali- 
caria  in  June.  It  is  active,  attenuated 
at  both  ends,  of  a dull  reddish  chocolate- 
colour,  with  a purplish  tinge,  with  the 
head  black,  and  a whitish  spot  on  each 
side  of  the  third  and  fourth  segments ; 
the  anal  segment  bears  a black  plate. 

The  ensuing  summer  will  probably 
not  pass  away  without  Mr.  Brown  again 
meeting  with  this  larva,  and  a more 
critical  examination  of  its  habits. 

Should  any  important  observations  be 
made  respecting  this  species  I shall  be 
happy  to  make  them  the  subject  of  a 
subsequent  notice. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

The  Genus  Gbacilaeia. 

I have  already  spoken  of  the  genus 
Gracilaria,  which  will  form  the  principal 
portion  of  the  eighth  volume  of  the 
‘Natural  History  of  the  Tineina’  (Intel, 
vol  i.x.  p.  1117),  and  I now  proceed  to 


discuss  the  desiderated  larvae  in  that 
genus. 

These  are  thirteen  in  number;  the 
seven  first  belong  to  the  group  of  larger 
species,  and  the  last  six  to  the  group  of 
smaller  species.  The  larvae  of  the  first 
group  construct  cones,  or,  as  in  the  case  of 
G.  elongella,  roll  up  leaves  longitudinally; 
the  larvae  of  the  second  group  only  rarely 
make  cones,  as  in  G.  Phasianipennella 
and  G.  aurogutlella ; more  frequently 
they  make  flat  mines,  as  in  G.  omissella 
and  G.  Ononidis,  or  like  G.  Limoselta, 
they  may  construct  a very  Lithocolleti- 
form  mine. 

I proceed  now  to  notice  all  that  is 
already  recorded  respecting  the  known 
larvae,  and  to  indicate  the  habits,  &c.,  of 
those  species  of  which  the  larvae  are  still 
unknown  to  us. 

1.  Populetorum.  Of  this  species  Zeller 
remarks  (Linn.  Ent.  ii.  p.  331),  “Re- 
peatedly bred  by  Fischer-von-Rbsler- 
stamm  in  Bohemia,  from  larvae  on  aspen 
and  birch,  which  seemed  extremely  like 
the  larvae  of  G.  StigmatellaP  Frey  ob- 
serves (Tineen  und  Pteroph.  der  Schweiz, 
p.  233),  “ The  larva  is  double-brooded, 
occurring  in  J une  and  August  on  birch 
and  aspen.  I have  bred  it  from  both 
these  trees,  but  have  unfortunately  neg- 
lected to  describe  it.”  Herr  Schmid,  of 
Frankfort,  in  his  manuscript  notes,  has — 
“ Larva  in  rolled  leaves  of  birch  ; full  fed 
at  the  end  of  July.” 

Cones  on  poplar  leaves  I have  often 
found,  but  they  have  alw'ays  disappointed 
me  by  producing,  instead  of  this  species, 
G.  stigmatella.  Though  the  fact  is  not 
stated,  I believe  that  G.  Populetorum 
does  construct  cones. 

2.  Rujipennella.  Of  this  Fischer-von- 
Roslerstamm  observes,  in  Treitschke’s 
work  (ix.  2,  199),  “The  fourteen-footed 
larva  is  yellowish,  or  glassy,  .sometimes 


24 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


with  green  dorsal  line.  The  head  is  also 
either  deep  yellow  or  glassy,  with  the 
mouth  brown  and  two  dark  brown  spots 
on  the  sides.  It  feeds  at  the  end  of  June 
on  maple  in  conical  abodes,  formed  at 
the  tips  of  the  leaves.  After  each  moult 
the  larva  seems  to  form  a new  and  larger 
habitation,  since  I found  some  of  these 
cones  so  small  they  were  scarcely  notice- 
able. At  the  middle  of  June  it  changes 
to  pupa,”  &c.,  &c.  Zeller,  in  the  Linn. 
Eutom.  ii.  p.  333,  says  the  larva  feeds  on 
“ Spitzahorn,”  but  is  uncertain  whether 
on  Acer  pseudo-platanus  or  platanoides. 
Frey  (Tineen  und  Pteroph.  der  Schweiz, 
p.234)  says,  “ I bred  it  from  Acer  pseudo- 
platanus  in  August.  In  the  Alpine  valleys 
it  sometimes  occurs  in  prodigious  num- 
bers on  the  sycamore  {A.  pseudo-platanus). 
At  the  beginning  of  August,  near  Matt, 
in  the  Canton  Glarus,  it  was  in  thousands 
on  each  tree.” 

Cones  on  maple  {Acer  campestris)  we 
know  produce  G.  semifascia ; that  larva 
was  detected  by  Mr.  Ashworth  in  Wales, 
and  subsequently  I noticed  it  at  Mickle- 
ham.  Last  summer  Professor  Frey  sent 
me  some  cones  on  maple  leaves  quite 
similar  to  those  of  G.  semifascia,  and 
they  produced  G.  Hemidactylella . Cones 
on  the  leaves  of  sycamore  I have  never 
seen. 

3.  Rhodinella,  H.-S.  This  was  taken 
in  the  Breisgau  by  Herr  Reutti.  Herrich- 
Schaffer  places  it  next  to  Franckella 
{Swederella),  and  remarks  that  its  specific 
distinctness  is  still  uncertain. — H.  T. 
Stainton;  April  3,  1861. 

The  names  of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — 
X.,  at  I Os.  per  volume,  received  up  to 
Saturday  night,  April  13th  : — 

].  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Russell,  W.  T. 


4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

5.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  hPLaclilan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett,  C.G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H'. 

11.  D’Orville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 

15.  Wilkinson,  T. 


The  lepidopterist’s 

CALENDAR.  By  Joseph 
Meerin.  Price  Is.  6d.;  cloth  2s. 

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this  volume  will  be  found  very  serviceable 
to  all  that  numerous  class  who  have  not 
already  learned  everything  by  their  own  ex- 
perience.”— Entomologist's  Intelligencer. 

“To  those  who  have  only  collected  the 
perfect  insect,  we  recommend  this  Ca- 
lendar as  opening  up  to  them  a higher 
source  of  interest  and  instruction,  in  ob- 
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PRICED  LIST  OF  EUROPEAN 
LEPIDOPTERA.— I have  just 
received  a new  and  very  complete  Edi- 
tion of  Herrich-Schaflfer’s  Priced  List  of 
European  Lepidoptera.  Price  lOd., 
post  free. 

E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire  Street, 
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~Novj  ready,  price  2s.  6d.,  cloth  gill,  a 
Second  Edition  of 

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Edward  Newman,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 
“ Unrivalled  as  a First-Book  in  Ento- 
mology.”— William  Spence. 

“ Undoubtedly  the  best  and  most  useful 
of  Mr.  Newman’s  entomological  works.” 
— H.  T.  Stainton. 

London  : John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Fdward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
jiate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  April  20, 1851. 


THE  ENTOWIOLOQIST’S 


WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  938.]  SATUEDAY,  APEIL  97,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


SPECIES, 


There  is  no  word  more  difficult  of 
definition  than  “ species,”  yet  on  the 
meaning  of  that  word  all  study  of 
nature  must  depend. 

“ The  species"  writes  Bentham,  “ in 
the  ordinary  traditional  acceptation  of 
the  word,  designates  the  whole  of  the 
individuals  supposed  to  be  descended 
from  an  original  pair.”  And  then 
the  writer  proceeds  to  show  how  the 
“ ordinary  traditional  ” meaning  of  the 
word  has  to  he  modified,  for  he  adds, 
“ But  this  definition  is  practically  use- 
less,— for  we  have  no  means  of  ascer- 
taining the  hereditary  history  of  indi- 
vidual specimens,  — and  is  considered 
theoretically  incorrect  by  those  who 
deny  the  original  creation  of  a cer- 
tain number  of  individuals,  or  pairs 
of  individuals,  forming  each  a parent 
stock,  from  which  as  many  constantly 
distinct  races  have  descended.  It 
has,  therefore,  been  proposed  entirely 
to  reject  descent  as  an  element  in  the 
definition  of  species,  and  to  consider 
as  such  any  set  of  individuals  which 
present  either  in  their  external  form,  or 
in  their  internal  structure,  or  in  their 


biological  phenomena,  any  common 
character,  or  combination  of  characters, 
distinguishing  them  from  all  others. 
But  in  nature  there  are  no  two  indi- 
viduals exactly  alike  in  every  respeet. 
In  all  collections  of  individuals,  even 
when  the  immediate  offspring  of  one 
parent,  peculiarities  will  be  found  com- 
mon to  some  and  not  to  all.”  Hence 
Bentham  remarks  that,  “ The  species 
or  collection  of  individuals  thus  de- 
fined becomes,  therefore,  as  arbitrary 
as  the  genus  or  collection  of  species, 
and  reduces  the  rules  of  classification 
in  the  one  case,  as  in  the  other,  to 
little  more  than  the  rules  of  con- 
venience.” 

The  paper  from  which  the  above  is 
extracted  appeared  in  the  second  num- 
ber of  the  new  periodical  entitled  ‘The 
Natural  History  Eeview,’  a work  which 
is  not  to  be  confounded  with  its  pre- 
decessor bearing  the  same  name,  but 
of  Hibernian  origin. 

George  Bentham,  well  known  as  one 
of  our  most  distinguished  botanists, 
contributes  to  this  periodical  an  article 
“ On  the  Species  and  Genera  of  Plants, 
considered  with  referenee  to  their  prac- 
tical application  to  Systematic  Botany,” 


26 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


and,  after  giving',  as  we  have  already 
quoted,  a definition  of  what  is  ordinarily 
meant  by  the  terra  “species,”  he  pro- 
ceeds to  give  his  own  definition  of  what 
he  intends  by  that  word.  “ The  whole 
of  the  individual  specimens  which  re- 
semble each  other  sufficiently  to  make 
us  conclude  that  they  are  all,  or  may 
have  been  all,  descended  from  a common 
parent.  Their  variations  would  he  such 
only  as  we  observe  among  individuals, 
which  we  know  or  believe  to  have  had 
such  a common  descent.  The  specific 
identity  of  two  or  move  individuals 
admits,  therefore,  but  very  rarely  of 
positive  proof;  we  must  judge  of  it  by 
inductive  evidence,  selecting  by  the 
careful  consideration  of  what  characters 
are  known,  especially  in  allied  species, 
to  remain  permanent  generation  after 
generation,  unaltered  by  change  of  soil, 
climate,  or  other  circumstances,  and 
what  are  the  variations  occasioned  by 
causes  which  we  can  appreciate,  or 
which  are  known  to  occur  without 
assignable  cause.  The  conclusions  to 
be  derived  from  such  evidence  will  not 
indeed  always  be  decisive,  and  diflferent 
persons  will  often  form  different  judg- 
ments ; but  that  is  an  unavoidable  con- 
sequence of  the  imperfection  of  the 
human  mind,”  or,  we  should  rather 
say  it  is  another  instance  that  “ in 
nature  no  two  individuals  are  exactly 
alike  in  every  respect.” 

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At  Wakefield,  of  William  Talbot, 
Crystal  Place. 

At  Worcester,  of  G.  Morgan, Bookseller 
and  News  Agent,  Little  Angel  St. ; 
and  of  J.  Pegg,  Bookseller  and  News 
Agent,  20  Mealcheapen  Street. 

At  York,  of  R.  Sunter,  23  Stonegate. 

Country  Newsvendors  who  have 
this  paper  on  sale  are  requested  to  send 
us  theirnames  and  addresses  to  be  added 
to  the  list. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


27 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Statnton,  Mountsfield, 
Leivisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 

Mr.  Stainion  will  not  he  “at  home” 
on  Wednesday,  May  1st,  but  expects  to 
be  “ at  home”  on  the  following  Wednes- 
day. 

Change  of  Adoress. — Having  re- 
moved from  my  former  residence,  my 
address  is  now — W.  Morgan,  10,  Can- 
robert  Street,  Bethnal  Green  Road,  N.E. ; 
April  19,  1861. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoi’teea. 

Captures  in  Norfolk. — Our  captures 
during  the  past  week  have  been 

S.  Satellitia.  At  sugar. 

T.  Leucographa.  Do. 

T.  Stahilis.  Do. 

X.  Lithoi'hiza.  Do. 

L.  Lobulata. 

— J.  Sayee  & J.  W.  Boast,  Neatiskead, 
Norfolk;  April  15,  1861. 

Captures  in  Suffolk. — 

Lareutia  Multistrigaria  (5).  March  23, 
captured  with  the  net,  flying  about  sal- 
low-blossoms. 


Phlaeodes  Crenana.  Of  this  insect  I 
have  captured  only  one  at  present,  though 
I have  visited  the  locality  regularly  ever 
since. 

Brephos  Parthenias.  March  27,  several 
and  two  varieties. 

Brephos  Notha.  April  5,  one  pair 
flying  in  cop.,  and  a variety. 

Arctia  Villica  (larvae).  Several. 
Besides  many  others  too  common  to 
mention.  — T.  Last,  43,  Rope  Walk, 
Ipswich;  April  15,  1861. 

Captures  on  Chat  Moss. — During  the 
past  week  we  have  taken  the  following 
Lepidoptera : — 

Phragmalobia  Fuliginosa  (pupa). 

Lasiocampa  Rubi  (larva  and  pupa). 

Acronycta  Menyanthidis  (pupa). 

Saturuia  Pavouia-rainor  (pupa). 

Micropteryx  Semipurpurella  (a  fine 
series,  in  splendid  condition). 

Coleophora  Fuscedinella  (larva,  nu- 
merous).— J.  Chappell  & W.  Worth- 
ington, 5,  Pond  Place,  Hulme,  Man- 
chester; April  15,  1861. 

Captures  of  Larvce. — This  afternoon,  in 
company  with  Mr.  Isaac  Swinden  and 
Mr.  Andrew  Hydes,  I took  a walk  to 
Carter  Hall  Wood.  When  arrived  at 
the  edge  of  the  wood  we  saw  a few 
beautiful  sallows  in  bloom  ; of  course  we 
began  to  beat  them,  and  found  the  larva 
of  Xanthia  Cerago  very  abundant.  After 
a short  space  of  time  we  left  this  side  of 
the  wood  and  walked  through  to  the 
other,  and  saw  a cluster  of  sallows,  which 
faced  the  N.W. ; after  a long  stay  we 
succeeded  in  finding  the  larva  of  Eupi- 
thecia  Tenuiata  (though  rare) : this  insect 
appears  to  be  very  local,  for  I have  visited 
all  the  woods  round  here  in  search  of 
this  larva,  but  failed  on  all  but  the  pre- 
sent occasion. — James  Batty,  133,  South 
Street,  Park,  Sheffield;  April  17,  1861. 

Recent  Doings. — During  the  past 
month  I have  succeeded  in  rearing  three 
fine  specimens  of  S.  Illustraria  from  ova 
kindly  sent  by  Mr.  Fremlin  in  May  last, 
being  the  first  brood.  On  the  13ih  iust. 


28 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


I took  a very  fine  specimen  of  T.  Leuco- 
yrapha,  at  rest  on  palings. — G.  Keen, 
1,  Manor  Place,  Waliuorth,  Surrey; 
April  16,  1861. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Cassida  obsolela. — This  insect  is  be- 
ginning to  make  its  appearance  on  the 
bank  on  which  it  occurred  last  year.  I 
have  obtained  a few  specimens,  and  .sball 
probably  be  able  to  take  a few  more,  and 
if  so  shall  feel  pleasure  in  sending  a pair 
or  so,  free  of  expense,  to  those  Cole- 
opterisls  with  whom  the  species  may  be  a 
desideratum.  As  I am  not  a regular  col- 
lector, and  am  not  forming  a collection 
of  insects,  I must  request  that  applicants 
will  not  trouble  themselves,  as  many  did 
last  year,  to  send  boxes  with  insects  or 
return  postage,  this  offer  being  intended, 
as  was  that  of  last  year,  to  be  a irerfectly 
gratuitous  one ; the  only  stipulation  being 
that  each  applicant  shall  write  his  name 
and  addre.ss  so  legibly  that  he  himself  at 
least — if  no  one  else  can — shall  be  able 
to  make  it  out,  if  called  upon  to  do 
so.— S.  Stone,  Brighlhampton,  Witney; 
April  15,  1861. 

Podops  inunclus. — I have  procured 
examples  of  this  insect  from  among 
herbage  growing  on  the  bank  on  which 
it  was  found  last  year. — Ibid. 

Coleoptera  on  Chat  Moss. — During  the 
past  week  we  have  taken  the  following 
Coleoptera  on  Chat  Moss:  — 

Cicindela  campestris, 

Djschirius  globosus, 

Pterostichus  gracilis, 

Stomis  pumicatus, 

Amara  familiaris, 

Anisodactylus  binotatus, 

Bradycellus  cognatus, 

...  fulvus, 

Necrophorus  vespillo. 

— J.  Chappell  & W.  Worthington, 
5,  Pond  Place,  Hulme,  Manchester; 
April  15,  1861. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Cossus  Liyniperda. — In  answer  to  your 
request  we  beg  to  inform  you  that  we 
have  in  our  possession  six  full  fed,  nine 
two-year  old  and  thirteen  one-year  old 
larvae  of  Cossus  Liyniperda,  all  found  in 
the  stump  of  an  oak  at  the  same  time. — 
J.  Saver  & J.  W.  Boast,  Neatishead, 
Norfolk;  April  15,  1861. 

Cossus  Liyniperda. — With  respect  to 
a correspondent’s  enquiry  as  to  whether 
it  is  usual  to  find  Cossus  larvae  crowded 
together  and  different  aged  broods  in  the 
same  tree,  I beg  to  say  that,  as  far  as 
my  experience  goes,  it  is  of  no  uncom- 
mon occurrence.  For  some  seasons  past 
I have  visited  the  same  trees  in  which  I 
knew  them  to  abound,  in  autumn,  col- 
lecting, after  some  trouble,  the  full-fed 
larva;,  leaving  the  others  of  one  or  two 
years’  growih  to  arrive  at  maturity,  when 
I have  had  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  the 
imago;  for,  by  placing  them  in  large 
stone  jars  containing  saw-dust  or  bran 
they  will  quickly  form  a very  compact 
and  strong  cocoon,  remaining  in  the 
larva  state  to  the  first  week  in  May,  and 
emerging  therefrom  about  the  end  of 
June,  thus  passing  not  more  than  six  or 
seven  weeks  in  pupa.  The  ova  are  of  a 
dirty  grey  colour,  firmly  glued  together, 
and  hardly  perceptible  from  the  bark  on 
which  they  are  laid.  The  same  may  be 
observed  of  the  larva  of  Z.  .Alsculi. — 
G.  Keen,  1 , Manor  Place,  Walworth  ; 
April  16,  1861. 

Butalis  Incongruella. — A case  of  this 
species  has  been  sent  to  me  for  deter- 
mination by  the  Rev.  H.  Burney,  who 
found  it  on  a birch-tree  in  Cannock 
Chase. — H.  T.  Stainton  ; April  22, 
1861. 

Micropleryx  Larvce,  — I have  received 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


29 


a letter  from  Herr  Kaltenbach  on  the 
subject  of  the  WLicropteryx  bred  by  him  : 
nine  years  ago  he  sent  several  boxes  of 
Micro-Lepidoptera  to  Professor  Zeller 
for  determination,  and  amongst  them 
was  this  insect,  which  was  returned  with 
the  name  of  M.  semicuprella  (an  error 
for  M.  semipurpurella).  Subsequently, 
however,  Herr  Kaltenbach  visited  Frank- 
fort and  recognised  his  insect  in  Herr 
Miihlig’s  collection  under  the  name  of 
M.  Fastuosella,  which  the  description  in 
Frey’s  work  confirmed.  For  the  present 
it  will  probably  be  best  to  call  the  insect 
bred  from  hazel  “ the  Micropteryx  bred 
by  Kaltenbach,”  till  we  are  quite  sure 
what  it  really  is.  Fastuosella  frequents 
oaks  and  Semipurpurella  birches.  What 
species  does  frequent  hazel  ? — Ibid. 

Elachista  Larvce.  — From  Professor 
Fritzsche,  of  Freiberg,  I have  just  re- 
ceived two  packets  of  Elachista  larvaa ; 
those  on  the  Agrotis  slolonifera  were 
already  in  pupa,  possibly  they  may  be 
E.  subnigrella  ; those  on  Poa  eornpressa, 
with  black  heads  and  black  marks  on  the 
second  segment,  appear  to  be  E.  Greg- 
soni.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  find  that 
K'facAuIa-hunters  are  now  at  work  in 
Saxony. — Ibid. 

Dasysloma  Salicella  bred.  — The  Rev. 
Henry  Burney  has  bred  three  specimens 
of  this  insect  from  some  sluggish  larvse 
found  in  October  last,  feeding  on  Po- 
tentilla  Anserina.  This  seems  a very 
extraordinary  food-plant  for  the  larva  of 
this  species.  Madame  Lienig  used  to 
find  the  larva  abundantly  on  alders, 
sallows,  and  other  species  of  Salix, 
birches  and  oaks  (‘  Isis,’  1846,  p.  268). 
I once  found  a club-footed  larva  on  Lotus 
Corniculaius,  feeding  between  united 
leaves,  which  evidently  belonged  to  one 
of  the  Exapalidce,  but  I did  not  rear  it. 
Madame  Lienig  says  she  has  bred  the 


females  of  Salicella  in  abundance,  but 
never  a male.  Mr.  Burney’s  specimens 
were  one  male  and  two  females. — Ibid. 


EXCHANGE. 

Callimorpha  JacoboecE. — As  this  insect 
is  not  everywhere  to  be  found,  I will  send 
any  gentleman  two  dozen  larvse,  about 
July  next,  for  a few  larvse  of  any  one 
species  out  of  400,  a list  of  which  I 
will  forward  to  those  requiring  them.— 
Thomas  Galliebs,  9,  Brenton  Street, 
Toxteth  Park,  Liverpool. 

Exchange  of  Larvce. — I have  collected 
from  the  blossoms  of  the  dwarf  willow,  on 
the  sand-hills,  during  the  last  week, 
about  300  larvae  of  Dasychira  Fascelina, 
which  I have  to  offer  in  exchange  for 
larvae  of  any  of  the  following,  as  num- 
bered in  the  Appendix  to  the  ‘ Manual,’ 
viz.  .—142, 186, 188,  208,  269,  307,  316, 
319;  320,  324,  325,  330,  335,  336,  340, 
341,  342,  343,  344, 348,  350, 491.  Please 
write  first. — Ibid. 


PROCEEDINGS  OP  THE  NORTHERN 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

'March  16, 1861.— C.  S.  Gregson,  Esq., 
President,  in  the  chair. 

A vote  of  thanks  to  the  late  President, 
B.  Cooke,  Esq.,  was  accorded  with  great 
cordiality. 

Exhibitions. 

By  Mr.  Hague,  Noctua  Ditrapezium, 
from  Conway  (see  Intel.  No.  230). 

By  Mr.  Harrison,  Miana  Captiuncula, 
Tr.,  captured  by  bimself  at  Warbrick 
Moor,  near  Liverpool. 

By  Mr.  Gregson,  Lithosia  Caniola, 
from  his  cabinet,  taken  by  himself, 
July  12th  to  August  2nd,  1856  and  1857, 


30  THE  ENTO.MOLOGISrS  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


at  Noctorura,  Cheshire,  where  it  was  not 
scarce.  He  also  exhibited  specimens  of 

Dianlhaeia  ? taken  by  Messrs. 

Tiltman  and  Nicholson  on  the  coast  of 
Cumberland  ; a singular  variety  of  Arclia 
Caja;  Walkerii  variety  of  Menlhastri, 
presented  to  him  by  Mr.  Tiltman  ; and 
a series  of  varieties  of  Carpophaga,  from 
light  buff  to  reddish  brown. 

By  Mr.  Miller,  a singular  variety  of 
Chrysophanus  Phlaas. 

By  Mr.  Hodgkinson,  Coleophora  Muri- 
nipennella,  bred  near  Preston ; a singular 
variety  of  Arctia  Caja;  and  a series  of 
Grapholita  Nisana  P fed  on  white  poplar: 
this  insect  never  varies  like  the  sallow- 
catkin  feeder,  but  is  always  a dull 
greenish  drab. 

By  Mr.  Greening,  pupa  o(  Anthocharis 
Cardamines,  the  larva  of  which  fed  upon 
LeguminoscB ; a fine  series  of  Leuco- 
phasia  Sinapis,  Linn.,  and  a fine  series 
of  Leucopliasia  Sinapis  of  Haworth, — 
Leptoria  Candida,  Westwood  and  Hum- 
phreys, pi.  6,  fig.  11. 

The  President  also  exhibited  fine  series 
of  these  two  species  of  Leueophasia, 
British,  and  a number  of  foreign  speci- 
mens of  the  same  genus,  including 
L.  Lalhyri,  Dup.,  ErysimiP  Bork.,  &c.,* 
from  Switzerland,  Bavaria  and  France, 
illustrative  of  a paper  he  read  upon  the 
genus  Leueophasia,  which  paper  was 
further  illustrated  by  a series  of  litho- 
graphic figures  he  had  drawn  and 
printed  for  distribution  amongst  the 
members. 

The  President  likewise  exhibited  a box 
of  curious  varieties  of  Abraxas  Ulmaria, 
recently  added  to  his  collection : one  of 
them,  obtained  from  Mr.  J. Blakeley,  has 
one  superior  wing  unicolorous  dark,  the 
other  singularly  white. 

G.  H.  Wilkinson, 

Hon.  Sec. 


AN  INSUFFICIENT  ADDRESS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ^Intelligencer* 

Sir. — Mr.  James  Duckworth,  of  Black- 
well,  has  very  kindly  sent  me  a good 
many  specimens  of  humble  bees,  and 
offered  to  do  so  again  next  winter. 
My  letter  of  thanks  has,  however,  just 
been  returned  through  the  post-office, 
being  insufficiently  directed;  and,  as  I 
should  be  very  sorry  to  seem  ungrate- 
ful, I shall  feel  obliged  if  you  will  give 
this  note  a place  in  the  ‘ Intelligencer.’ 
In  this  way  it  will  probably  come  under 
Mr.  Duckworth’s  notice.  As  he  wished 
to  know  to  what  species  his  bees  be- 
longed, I may  add  that  they  were 
B.  lucorum. 

I am,  sir. 

Yours  obediently, 

John  Lubbock. 

1 1 , Mansion  House  Street, 

London,  E.C. 

April  19,  1861. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OVA  WANTED. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer  * 

Sir, — The  leader  on  “ Method  ” in  the 
‘Intelligencer’  of  the  13th  instant  en- 
courages me  to  ask  for  assistance  in  a 
subject  which  is  not  generally  studied, 
and  to  which  I have  been  turning 
my  attention  for  the  last  two  or  three 
years,  viz.  the  ova  of  Lepidoptera. 

I see  frequently  in  your  pages  notices 
that  such  and  such  a moth  has  laid  a 
batch  of  eggs,  &c.  Now  I would  feel 
much  obliged  to  any  gentleman  (who 
would  take  the  trouble)  who  would  write 
out  a description  of  any  ova  of  Lepi- 
doptera that  came  in  his  way,  and  send 
me  the  descriptions  at  the  end  of  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


31 


season.  I would  be  happy  to  pay  any 
expenses  of  postage,  &c.,  and  would 
make  any  return  in  my  power. 

To  any  one  who  may  feel  inclined  to 
assist  me  I would  offer  the  following 
hints  in  describing: — 

1.  Whether  impregnated  or  not. 

2.  Whether  attached  or  loose.  If 
attached,  whether  in  large  or  small 
groups. 

3.  Shape,  whether  spherical,  oblong  or 
otherwise. 

4.  Markings. 

5.  Colour. 

6.  What  changes  take  place. 

7.  Any  other  observations. 

I hope  the  trout  will  bite, 

I am,  sir. 

Yours  obediently, 

F.  B.  W.  White. 

2,  A thole  Place,  Perth; 

April  20,  1861. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

The  Genus  Geacilaeia. 

(Continued  from  p,  24.) 

4.  Onustella.  This  appears  a doubtful 
species;  it  is  figured  by  Hiibner,  314. 
Mann  took  a specimen  near  Vienna  in 
September,  which  is  figured  by  Herrich- 
Schaffer,  729. 

5.  Oneratella,  Zeller.  Also  an  un- 
settled species.  Zeller  took  three  speci- 
mens in  the  neighbourhood  ofGlogau; 
according  to  Herrich-Schaffer  it  also 
occurs  in  Bohemia, 

6.  Straminella.  This  occurs  in  Scot- 
land and  in  the  North  of  England  in 
woods  of  mixed  growth  in  September. 


No  clue  has  yet  been  obtained  to  the 
plant  which  it  frequents. 

7.  Falconipennella.  A widely  dis- 
tributed species,  but  nowhere  abundant. 
The  perfect  insect  appears  in  August  and 
September ; hybernated  specimens  occur 
in  spring.  It  is  reputed  to  frequent 
alders,  but  hitherto  the  larva  has  escaped 
detection. 

8.  Sealariella.  A South-European 
species,  first  noticed  in  Italy  and  subse- 
quently in  Spain.  Near  Chiclana  Dr. 
Staudinger  bred  this  species.  The  larva 
feeds  on  Echium  and  Anchusa. 

9.  Simploniella.  First  detected  by 
Anderegg  iu  Switzerland  at  the  foot  of 
the  Simplon,  where  it  was  not  scarce  at 
the  end  of  J une,  flying  round  whitethorn , 
willow  and  birch  bushes.  Subsequently 
it  has  occurred  at  Frankfort-on-the- 
Maine,  and,  if  I remember  rightly,  a 
single  specimen  was  taken  near  Glogau, 
so  that  it  is  not  an  exclusively  Alpine 
insect. 

10.  Quadrisignella.  Zeller  met  with 
this  species  at  Glogau ; once  he  took 
three  specimens  flying  along  a hedge  of 
Rhamnus  frangula  on  the  8th  of  May. 
According  to  Herrich-Schaffer  it  occurs 
also  at  Vienna  in  May.  In  all  probability 
this  is  double-brooded,  and  the  larvae 
should  be  sought  in  June  and  Sep-, 
tember. 

11.  Imperialella.  This  first  occurred 
at  Vienna  ; subsequently  it  was  noticed 
at  Glanville’s  Wootton,  in  Dorsetshire, 
by  Mr.  Dale.  According  to  Herrich- 
Schaffer  it  has  occurred  likewise  in 
Saxony  and  at  Bonn.  Two  specimens 
were  taken  by  Mr.  Brown  in  the  fens 
near  Cambridge ; and  last  summer  one 
specimen  was  taken  on  the  30th  of  May 
near  Worcester,  by  the  side  of  a path  in 
a wood,  in  rather  a damp  place.  Two 
days  afterwards,  viz.,  on  the  1st  of  June, 


32 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


a specimen  was  taken  at  Namur,  in 
Belgium.  This  species  would  seem  to 
be  only  single-brooded.  The  larva, 
receiuly  discovered  by  Herr  Ernst  Hof- 
mann, mines  the  leaves  of  the  bitter 
vetch  {Orobus  niger)  at  the  end  of  July. 
It  detaches  nearly  the  whole  of  the  lower 
epidermis,  which  then  appears  beautifully 
white,  and  the  leaves  assume  quite  an 
inflated  appearance  (see  ante  p.  4). 

12.  Cupediella.  This  has  only  oc- 
curred in  the  vicinity  of  Vienna,  where’ 
from  its  small  size  and  similarity  to 
Lithocolletis  sglvella,  it  was  mistaken  for 
a Lithocolletis.  It  does  not  appear  to  be 
rare. 

13.  Gradatella.  Allied  to  Scalariella 
and  Kollariella.  Herrich-Schaffer  found 
three  specimens  in  May  near  Ratisbon, 
in  different  localities. 

A species  which  has  sometimes  been 
referred  to  this  genus  is  Frigidariella, 
V.  Heyden.  It  was  first  referred  to 
Lyonetia,  but  since  the  larvae  were  found 
in  cones  on  the  Alpine  willow,  it  has 
been  deemed  more  of  a Gracilaria.  I 
am  extremely  doubtful  whether  it  is  pro- 
perly a Gracilaria,  and  have  therefore 
not  enumerated  it  among  the  desiderated 
species  of  the  genus. 

H.  T.  Stain  TON. 

(To  te  continued.) 


No^o  ready,  price  2s.  Qd.,  cloth  gill,  a 
Second  Edition  of 

THE  INSECT  HUNTERS. 

By  Edward  Newman,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 

“ Unrivalled  as  a First-Book  in  Ento- 
mology.”— William  Spence. 

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THE  ENTOIVIOLOGISrS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  239.]  SATUKDAY,  MAY  4,  1861.  [Price 


MAY. 


The  commencement  of  May  is  always 
an  exciting  time  with  the  entomologist : 
so  little  has  yet  made  its  appearance, 
and  so  much — so  very  much  — is  just 
about  to  appear.  A few  warm  mild 
days  will  bring  out  insects,  not  by 
hundreds  but  by  millions ! But  indeed 
already  the  hedges  are  teeming  with 
life,  but  it  is  larval  life.  It  is  im- 
possible to  walk  leisurely  along  a 
hawthorn  hedge  without  being  power- 
fully struck  with  the  amazing  numbers 
of  the  larvae  whose  jaws  are  there 
at  work ; and  that  which  we  see  so 
easily  on  a hawthorn  hedge  (because 
it  is  trimmed  and  of  convenient  height) 
is  occurring  to  a greater  or  less  de- 
gree on  every  bush  and  tree  in  the 
country. 

When  attention  was  first  directed  to 
the  larvae  of  the  genus  Argyresthia  it 
was  found  that  they  fed  in  the  un- 
expanded shoots  of  shrubs  and  trees, 
and  at  first  it  was  assumed  too  hastily 
that  this  was  the  normal  habit  of  the 
whole  genus.  We  grew  wiser  by  de- 
grees, and  recognised,  first,  that  an 


Argyresthia  on  juniper  might  mine  the 
leaves  and  bore  the  stem ; secondly,  that 
an  Argyresthia  (eonjugella)  on  mountain 
ash  might  feed  inside  the  fruit;  and, 
thirdly,  that  an  Argyresthia  (Glaucinella) 
on  oak  might  feed  under  the  bark  of 
the  trunk  of  the  tree.  Hasty  generali- 
zation is  almost  sure  to  receive  a 
check.  But  one  character  seemed  to 
pervade  these  larvae : they  were  fat 
and  rather  unwieldy,  and  in  attempting 
to  walk  they  frequently  rolled  over 
and  over. 

Hence  it  happens  that  a full-fed 
Argyresthia  larva  which  wishes  to  quit 
its  larval  abode  in  order  to  spin  its 
cocoon  never  attempts  to  descend  the 
tree  or  shrub  otherwise  than  by  a silken 
rope.  Take  your  seat  some  fine  after- 
noon by  the  side  of  a hawthorn  hedge, 
between  tbe  1st  and  10th  of  this  month, 
and  you  will  see  the  larva  of  Argyresthia 
nilidella  thus  descending ; you  will  con- 
tinually see  fresh  ones  iu  the  act  of 
coming  down,  and  frequently  you  will 
see  ten  or  a dozen  in  the  act  at 
once. 

One  of  the  undetected  larvae  of  the 
genus  Argyresthia  was  Retinella ; the 
perfect  insect  was  known  to  frequent 


r 


34 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


birches,  but  the  larva  had  not  been 
noticed.  It  happened,  however,  that 
last  month  Mr.  Hodgkinson  met  with 
a larva  suspended  from  a birch  tree 
that  grows  on  a moor  near  Preston ; 
in  this  plump  larva  we  had  no  difficulty 
in  recognising  one  of  the  Argyresthice, 
more  especially  as  the  colouring,  broad 
transverse  orange  bands  on  a,  pale  green 
ground,  is  strongly  indicative  of  that 
genus.  Should  we  be  too  hasty  in 
inferring  this  larva  to  be  that  of  Argy- 
resthia  retinellaP 


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usual. 


TO  COBEESPONDENTS. 

B.  G.,  Wakefield. — The  larvae  sent 
are  those  of  Noctua  Xanthographa. 

F.  B. — We  cannot  conceive  Anarta 
Myrtilli  hybemating : the  idea  of  A. 
Myrtilli  being  dislodged  from  cherry 
blossoms  in  the  middle  of  April  is  most 
extraordinary.  Were  not  the  insects 


THE  ENTOxHOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


35 


Dasycera  Sulphurella  ? that  has  yellow 
under  wings. 

W.  H.  H. — Your  larvae  are  Coleophora 
Lineola  : the  plant  is  Ballola  nigra. 


CAPTUEES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Endromis  Versieolora. — A capture  of 
this  splendid  insect  was  made  here  by  a 
friend  of  mine  at  the  beginning  of  this 
week ; it  flew  to  the  gas-light  between 
8 and  9 p.  m.,  and  he  has  given  it  to  me. 
— J.  Dowsetx,  Ashford,  Kent ; April  5. 
1861. 

Capture  of  Amphidasis  Prodromaria. — 
The  east  winds  and  cold  clear  nights 
we  have  lately  had  have  not  been  favour- 
able to  the  entomologist.  On  the  10th 
the  wind  shifted  for  a time  to  the  south- 
west, and  I walked  to  Laughton  Wood, 
with  the  faint  hope  of  adding  Brephos 
Notha  to  my  collection.  Nothing  in 
insect  form,  however,  was  on  the  wing. 
Even  Tortricodes  Hyemana  was  not  to  be 
seen,  though  a few  days  before  it  was 
flying  by  hundreds.  At  the  end  of  an 
hour,  having  beaten  but  a few  specimens 
of  Micropteryx  Purpurella  and  Semi- 
purpurella  from  trees,  I began  to  be  tired 
of  my  pursuit,  when  an  unusual  twittering 
in  a cluster  of  birches  induced  me  to  turn 
my  attention  to  the  larger  feathered  tribes. 
I found  the  noise  to  proceed  from  tits 
(chiefly  Parus  major  and  P.  coeruleus), 
which,  with  their  backs  downward,  were 
sidling  along  the  twigs  in  search  of  food. 
Presently  up  flew  Brephos  Parthenias, 
and  away  went  a tit  in  pursuit,  doubling 
and  twisting,  and  snapping  its  bill  with 
the  greatest  eagerness.  But  the  bird  was 
out-manoeuvred  by  the  insect,  which  at 
last  took  refuge  in  a Scotch  fir  that  grew 
at  no  great  distance.  From  this  little 
incident  I learned  that  insects  could  be 
found  by  those  who  sought  them  dili- 
gently. I at  once  renewed  my  exertions, 


and,  after  three  hours’  careful  inspection 
Of  the  trunks  of  trees,  had  the  pleasure 
of  boxing — for  the  first  time  in  this 
neighbourhood — a fine  specimen  of  .4m- 
phidasis  Prodromaria. — Thomas  Fyles, 
Scatter,  Kirton-in-Lindsey . 

Captures  in  Worcestershire. — I have 
much  pleasure  in  supplying  an  account 
of  my  captures  and  breedings  during  the 
last  season  (1860),  and  though  late  in 
doing  so,  it  may  perhaps  be  interesting 
to  some  of  the  readers  of  the  ‘ Intelli- 
gencer.’ Images  and  larvse  were  rare 
here  throughout  the  whole  of  the  re- 
markably rainy  season. 

Jan.  2.  H.  Defoliaria  (fine  vars.).  Bred. 

26.  H.  Riipicapraria.  Do. 

30.  P.  Pilosaria.  Do. 

Feb.  14  to  28.  H.  Progemmaria  (fine 
vars.).  Do. 

March  2 to  14.  E.  Laneslris.  Do. 

4 to  21.  A.  Prodromaria  (a  fine  series). 
Do. 

25.  Do.  (a  splendid  var.).  Do. 

7 to  26.  T.  Munda  (a  fine  series).  Do. 

14  to  24.  T.  Populeti  (5).  Do.  The 
first  pupae  I ever  knew  taken  near  Wor- 
cester. 

April  5 & 29.  P.  Palpina  (male  and 
female).  Bred. 

5 to  18.  S.  Pavonia-minor  (2  females). 
Do.  (beautiful  vars.  and  others). 

18.  C.  Curtula  (one  female).  Bred. 

21.  Do.  (one  male).  Do.  I took  one 
larva  upon  the  25th  of  August  and  the 
other  upon  the  8th  of  September,  feeding 
upon  willow.  Their  habits  are  most 
correctly  described  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Greene,  in  his  excellent  treatise  upon 
‘ Pupa-digging.’  The  larva  is  also  cor- 
rectly described  in  the  ‘ Manual,’  except- 
ing its  colour,  which  is  similar  to  that  of 
the  larva  of  P.  Bucephala,  only  that  it  is 
spotted  instead  of  being  striped ; in  fact, 
at  first,  I mistook  it  for  that  species,  until 
I perceived  the  reddish  tubercles,  and 
that  they  were  webbing  in  the  leaves, 
green  and  growing  upon  the  tree:  they 
were  nearly  three  miles  asunder.  The 


36 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


latter  remained  in  the  leaf,  webbed  up, 
ten  days,  and  I expected  it  was  changing 
to  the  pupa,  but,  to  my  surprise,  it  crept 
out  and  fed  away  for  nearly  a fortnight 
afterwards  ; and,  although  it  was  nearly 
a month  behind  the  other  in  its  pupal 
change,  they  were  but  three  days  apart 
in  emerging. 

23.  X.  Conspicillaris  (one,  a cripple). 
Bred. 

25.  E.  Punctaria.  Do. 

30.  S.  Populi  (some  fine  vars.). 

S.  Tilise  (2,  do.,  and  others). 

May  1.  D.  Pudibunda.  Bred.  I men- 
tion them  because  the  larvae  that  pro- 
duced them  were  sooty  black  entirely. 
I captured  several  in  the  preceding 
autumn,  and  they  puzzled  me  much  at 
the  time,  being  of  such  an  unusual 
colour. 

2 to  17.  T.  Extersaria  (six,  very  fine). 
Bred. 

3.  P.  Fuliginosa.  Do. 

H.  Prasinana.  Do. 

7.  H.  Arbuti.  Do. 

9 to  11.  C.  Bifida  (3).  Do. 

A.  Putris.  Do. 

11  to  21.  C.  Ocularis  (very  fine).  Do. 

14.  A.  Triplasia.  Do. 

15.  A.  Betularia  (1,  var.).  Do. 

26  to  31.  A.  Megacephala  (a  fine 
series).  Do. 

30.  A.  Prunaria  (var.).  Do. 

June  1.  A.  Ligustri  (1).  Do. 

1 to  14.  C.  Furcula  (3).  Do. 

2 to  8.  S.  Apiformis  (a  fine  series).  Do. 

25.  Do.  (1).  At  rest.  The  previous 

autumn  I indulged  myself  with  a trip  to 
search  for  pupae,  more  especially  for  the 
cocoons  of  Apiformis.  Being  drizzling 
weather,  I shouldered  my  gingham,  and 
made  speed  to  a spot  where  my  hopes 
were  not  quite  disappointed.  I was  upon 
my  bended  knees,  paying  my  respects  to 
a majestic  poplar,  and  doing  a little 
business  in  the  barking  way,  and  had 
just  secured  a few  fine  cocoons,  when, 
alas ! my  joy  and  gladness  were  soon 
changed  to  mourning.  Sure  enough  the 


rain  was  coming  down,  but  that  alarmed 
me  not;  there  was  a dingy  smock-frock, 
with  a surly  man  inside  it,  coming  down, 
and  he  alarmed  me  not,  though  be  made 
more  noise  with  his  growling  than  I did 
with  my  barking  : he  opened  fire  at  me 
with,  “ By  gom,  master,  you  munna  bork 
the  trees  a’  that  way : if  my  master  was 
to  see  it  he’d  transport  you  for  doing  it, 
and  he’d  transport  me  for  letting  you.” 
“ Well,  well,”  I said,  “ I used  to  pay 
people  more  than  a pound  a ton  for 
barking ; now  I’m  doing  this  little  job 
for  nothing.”  “Doing  it  for  nothing! 
why  I tell  you,  master,  we  shall  both  get 
transported,  spuileing  the  trees  like  that.” 
I said  “Never  mind,  we’ll  rub  a bit 
of  clean  mud  over  it  and  hide  it  (he 
assisting),  for  really  I should  not  like  to 
be  transported  just  yet:  I can’t  swim,  and 
only  think  for  one  minute  what  would 
become  of  me  if  the  ship  were  to  sink! 
why  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea  I should  go 
to  a certainty,  and  I don’t  like  the  taste 
of  sea-water;  I prefer  good  cider  to  that, 
and  the  next  time  I come  suppose  we 
have  a drink  or  two  together.”  “ I’ll 
drink  as  much  cider  as  you  'plase,  but 
by  gom,  sir,  you  munna  come  here  to 
bork  the  trees  over  again.”  Having 
wished  him  a good  morning,  as  the  rain 
came  pouring  down,  I made  off  for  the 
Old  Hills,  intending  to  “ dig  the  trees  ” 
at  the  top,  and  had  just  completed  my 
journey  to  the  summit,  when,  lo ! a vil- 
lainous squall  took  most  unpardonable 
liberties  with  my  hat,  whirling  it  from  its 
moorings  to  the  very  bottom  of  the  hill, 
before  I could  even  make  a start  after  it, 
as  my  gingham  was  sufiering  sad  con- 
vulsions, having  slipped  inside  out,  and 
the  rain  had  no  mercy  upon  me  ; I dashed 
after  it,  however,  and  was  very  thankful 
that  I was  just  in  time  to  snatch  it  from 
a watery  grave,  as  it  had  reached  the 
margin  of  a pond,  and  seemed  to  be  on 
the  very  point  of  self-destruction.  I could 
have  borne  all  this  most  patiently,  but 
there  stood  a rascal,  sheltering  beneath 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


37 


a tree,  eridently  laughing  at  me,  and 
enjoying  my  misery,  and  the  fun  that  I 
had  created.  I was  soon  upon  the  hill 
again,  but  found  nothing  but  disappoint- 
ment, rain  and  blowing  up  there ; I made 
my  escape  from  it,  and  worked  hard  the 
remainder  of  the  day,  fully  satisfied  with 
my  takings,  only  that  I took  home  more 
water  than  was  necessary  for  my  com- 
fort. 

June  2 to  17.  E.  Heparata  (4).  Bred. 

3.  C.  Elpenor  (very  dark).  One  bred 
from  the  green  variety  of  larva. 

15.  L.  Camelina.  Bred. 

16.  To  Trench  Woods;  heavy  tempest; 
so  very  wet  did  not  enter  wood ; got 
nothing  but  a wet  jacket. 

21.  To  Trench  Woods ; heavy  tempest 
and  wet  jacket  again.  Beat  out  H.  Prasi- 
nana,  A.  Baumanniana  and  E.  Omi- 
cronaria.  As  I could  beat  out  nothing 
else  I beat  a retreat. 

30.  Visited  the  Trench  Woods  again; 
torrents  of  rain  fell ; saw  but  one  butter- 
fly ; took  A.  Luteata,  and  nothing  else 
but  a wet  jacket,  back  with  me;  in  fact, 
I took  a long  series  of  the  latter  during 
the  season. 

July  3.  P.  Alsus. 

...  P.  Statices. 

...  A.  Sylvata. 

...  I.  Vernaria.  Pupa  and  larva, 

both  of  which  are  pale  green ; emerged 
on  the  15th  and  17th;  very  fine. 

10.  P.  Galactodactylus.  Bred. 

20.  C.  Mesomelia. 

T.  Cynipiforme.  Rare  here. 

20  & 28.  N.  Cupriacellus  (six  females). 
I saw  no  males,  though  I took  four  males 
in  the  season  of  1859,  and  mistook  them 
for  N.  Minimellus.  I gave  one  to  each 
of  my  friends,  the  Rev.  E.  Horton  and 
Mr.  S.  J.  Tompkins.  With  respect  to 
the  male  of  this  species  I think  I may 
say  “ I first.” 

20.  A.  Adippe. 

E.  Plumbeolata.  Beating. 

A.  Tumidella.  Do. 

A.  Consociella.  Do. 


21.  C.  Falsellus.  In  my  house. 

H.  Dispar.  Bred. 

Aug.  1 & 14.  G.  Quercifolia(2).  Bred 
and  at  light. 

12.  T.  Betulse  (3). 

12  to  19.  V.  Polychloros  (7).  Bred. 

23.  G.  C-Album  (1).  The  only  one  I 
saw  during  the  season. 

23.  A.  Paphia. 

Sept.  8.  C.  Testata.  Beating. 

24.  X.  Semibrunnea  (one,  j ust  emerged ; 
disturbed  it  on  a bank  near  a brook). 

Oct.  4 to  20.  X.  Rhizolitha  (three,  on 
elm  trunks). 

22.  L.  Camelina.  Took  larvas  at  this 
very  late  period. 

27.  H.  Defoliavia  (very  early).  Three 
bred. 

27  to  30.  H.  Pennaria.  Two  sitting. 

Sugared  many  times  this  month,  with 
no  success. 

Wandering  near  a wood-side,  upon 
one  of  the  hot  July  days,  with  net  in 
hand,  I excited  the  astonishment  of  an 
old  countryman,  who  stared  wondrously 
at  my  catching  “ nats.”  The  poor  fellow 
was  smoking  hot,  as  bald  as  a cricket-bat, 
and  with  only  a slice  of  a hat  on  to  screen 
his  withered  visage  from  the  burning  rays 
of  the  sun  : he  was  imbedded  in  a rem- 
nant of  one  of  those  serviceable  habili- 
ments, the  smock  frock,  which  appeared 
to  serve  him,  as  it  does  others  of  his  class, 
as  towel,  pocket-handkerchief,  wrapper, 
sack,  table-cloth  and  counterpane;  and, 
as  he  passed  the  nether  end  of  it  over 
his  damp,  sparkling  forehead,  he  ex- 
pressed an  earnest  wish  to  know  what  I 
“ might  be  a catchin’  on.”  I replied  that 
I was  catching  insects.  “ 0 ! what— nats 
for  fishing,  I reckon,  sir?”  “Oh,  no! 
curious  and  beautiful  moths  and  butter- 
flies.” “0  1 knows  'urn,  sir  I they  be 
thase  ’ere  hob-owl-heds ; I sees  many 
cur’ous  ’uns  about.  They  tells  me  there’s 
many  cur’ous  things  in  the  say  and  in 
the  bowels  of  the  earth.”  I replied, 
“ Oh,  yes ! talking  of  the  bowels  of  the 
earth,  don’t  you  thiuk.  they’d  make  a rare 


38 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


lot  of  chitterlings  ? ” “ Raily,  sir,  you 

makes  me  laugh,  but  I dunna  know 
where  you’d  get  a tub  from  big  enough 
to  waish  ’urn  in.”  This  was  very  satis- 
factory, and  it  set  me  laughing. — Abr.4.- 
HAM  Edmunds,  The  Tijthing,  Worcester  ; 
April  22,  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Exchange. — I have  a few  larvae  of 
No.  138  (as  numbered  in  the  Appendix 
to  the  ‘Manual’),  and  should  be  glad  to 
exchange  them  for  either  larvae  or  pupae 
of  any  of  the  following:  — 136,  142,  163, 
166,  181,  182,  186,  188.  Better  write 
first,  as  I have  not  an  unlimited  supply. 
— W.  Johnson,  7,  Molyneux  Street, 
Bootle,  Liverpool ; April  23,  1861. 


THE  PERIL  OP  PURSUING  ENTO- 
MOLOGICAL STUDIES  AT  NIGHT. 

Croydon  Petty  Sessions,  April  20. 
— Present,  T.  Byron,  Esq.  (Chairman), 
J.  W.  Sutherland,  E.  R.  Adams  and 
W.  R.  White,  Esqrs. 

'■'■Mark  Richards  was  summoned  on 
the  charge  of  assaulting  David  Thomas 
Button,  at  Addington,  on  the  14th  inst. 
Mr.  Charles  Richards  appeared  for  the 
defence. 

“ The  complainant,  who  described  him- 
self as  a decorative  painter  at  Peckham 
Rye,  and  also  an  entomologist,  stated 
that  he  was  passing  through  Addington 
Wood,  near  this  town,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury’s 
estate,  on  the  evening  of  the  14th  of 
April.  He  had  a lantern  in  one  hand 
and  a stick  in  the  other,  being  in  search 
of  insects,  when  the  defendant  rushed  out 
from  behind  a bush,  seized  him  by  the 
collar,  and  told  him  he  had  no  business 
there.  Complainant  did  not  recognise 


Mr.  Riehards’  authority,  but  immediately 
walked  off  into  the  path,  when  he  said  to 
defendant  that  he  thought  he  had  broken 
his  arm.  The  defendant  then  seized  him 
by  the  collar  and  threw  him  into  the 
Archbishop’s  land,  calling  out  “ Dick ! he 
is  on  your  side  now.” 

“Cross-examined — He  had  a white 
handkerchief  on  the  top  of  a stick  he  was 
carrying  that  evening,  for  the  purpose  of 
catching  insects  flying  in  the  air,  a very 
common  practice. 

“Alfred  Harper,  an  ivory  turner,  at 
Mansfield  Street,  Kingsland  Road,  stated 
that  he  was  with  the  complainant,  when 
he  saw  Mr.  Richards  come  towards  Mr. 
Button  and  strike  him  a heavy  blow  on 
arm.  The  defendant  swore  at  him  at 
the  same  lime. 

“Cross-examined  — This  was  about 
nine  o’cloek  in  the  evening.  Mr.  Richards 
did  not  speak  to  Mr.  Button  before  he 
struck  him. 

“ William  Shrosbree,  a naturalist,  living 
in  Essex  Street,  Kingsland  Road,  cor- 
roborated. 

“Mr.  Richards,  for  the  defence,  said 
his  client  was  keeper  in  the  service  of 
Mr.  Lewis  Lloyd,  and  seeing  these  people 
wandering  about  that  gentleman’s  wood 
at  night,  he  first  told  them  they  had  no 
business  there  and  ordered  them  away. 
Seeing  that  Mr.  Button  was  holding  a 
stick  up,  and  thinking  he  was  going  to 
strike  him,  he  certainly  did  make  a blow 
at  the  man,  and  he  (Mr.  Richards)  sub- 
mitted that  the  defendant’s  conduct  was 
excusable,  seeing  that  the  complainant 
was  trespassing  and  had  no  business  on 
Mr.  Lloyd’s  property.  He  should  call  a 
witness  to  prove  that  the  defendant  really 
had  spoken  to  Mr.  Button,  in  the  first 
instance,  and  if  he  established  that,  he 
hoped  the  magistrates  would  say  that  the 
defendant  had  not  exceeded  his  duty  on 
that  occasion. 

“William  Turner,  labourer,  in  the 
employ  of  L.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  at  Addington, 
who  was  present  on  the  evening  in 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


39 


question,  deposed  that  the  defendant  had 
said  “What  are  you  doing  here?”  As 
no  answer  was  returned  the  defendant 
struck  at  the  net  which  Mr.  Button  was 
carrying. 

“ Mr.  Button  said  it  was  most  im- 
portant for  the  successful  study  of  insects 
that  he  should  watch  their  habits  at 
night. 

“ The  Chairman  remarked  that  Mr. 
Lloyd  did  not  want  persons  to  study 
insects  on  his  ground,  and  as  the  com- 
plainant had  the  leave  of  the  Archbishop 
he  had  much  better  have  kept  on  his 
Grace’s  ground,  and  not  gone  on  that 
belonging  to  Mr.  Lloyd.  There  appeared 
to  have  been  an  assault  committed  by 
the  defendant,  for  which  they  fined  him 
7s.  and  13s.  costs.” — Paid. — From  the 
‘ Sussex  Advertiser^  April  23,  1861. 


ON  THE  ORIGIN  OF  SPECIES. 

Extracts  from  Dr.  Asa  Gray’s  ‘ Free 
Examination  of  Darwin’s  Treatise  and 
of  its  American  Reviewers’ 

(Continued  from  vol.  ix.  p.  200). 

“ Since,  then,  questions  about  the 
origin  of  species  will  be  raised  and  have 
been  raised, — and  since  the  theorizings, 
however  different  in  particulars,  all  pro- 
ceed upon  the  notion  that  one  species  of 
plant  or  animal  is  somehow  derived  from 
another,  that  the  different  sorts  which 
now  flourish  are  lineal  (or  unlineal)  de- 
scendants of  other  and  earlier  sorts, — it 
now  concerns  us  to  ask.  What  are  the 
grounds  in  Nature,  the  admitted  facts, 
which  suggest  hypotheses  of  derivation  in 
some  shape  or  other?  Reasons  there 
must  be,  and  plausible  ones,  for  the  per- 
sistent occurrence  of  theories  upon  this 
genetic  basis.  A study  of  Darwin’s 
book,  and  a general  glance  at  the  present 
state  of  the  natural  sciences,  enable  us  to 


gather  the  following  as  among  the  most 
suggestive  and  influential.  We  can  only 
enumerate  them  here,  without  much 
indication  of  their  particular  bearing. 
There  is, — 

“ 1.  The  general  fact  of  variability, 
and  the  general  tendency  of  the  variety 
to  propagate  its  like;  the  patent  facts 
that  all  species  vary  more  or  less ; that 
domesticated  plants  and  animals, being  in 
conditions  favourable  to  the  production 
and  preservation  of  varieties,  are  apt  to 
vary  widely;  and  that  by  interbreeding 
any  variety  may  be  fixed  into  a race,  that 
is,  into  a variety  which  comes  true  from 
seed.  ^ * Moreover,  the  degree 

to  which  the  descendants  of  the  same 
stock,  varying  in  different  directions,  may 
at  length  diverge,  is  unknown.  All  we 
know  is,  that  varieties  are  themselves 
variable,  and  that  very  diverse  forms 
have  been  educed  from  one  stock. 

“2.  Species  of  the  same  genus  are  not 
distinguished  from  each  other  by  equal 
amounts  of  difference.  * * * And 
in  large  genera  the  unequal  resemblance 
shows  itself  in  the  clustering  of  the  spe- 
cies around  several  types  or  central  spe- 
cies, like  satellites  around  their  respective 
planets.  * * * That  such  closely 

related  species  may  be  only  varieties  of 
higher  grade,  earlier  origin  or  more 
favoured  evolution,  is  not  a very  violent 
supposition.  * * * 

“ 3.  The  actual  geographical  distribu- 
tion of  species  upon  the  earth’s  surface 
tends  to  suggest  the  same  notion.  For, 
as  a general  thing,  all  or  most  of  the 
species  of  a peculiar  genus  or  other  type 
are  grouped  in  the  same  country,  or 
occupy  continuous,  proximate  or  acces- 
sible areas.  So  well  does  this  rule 
hold,  so  general  is  the  implication  that 
kindred  species  are  or  were  associated 
geographically,  that  most  trustworthy 


40 


THE  ENTOiMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLTGENCEB. 


naturalists,  quite  free  from  hypotheses  of 
tiansmutatioD,  are  constantly  inferring 
former  geographical  continuity  between 
parts  of  the  world  now  widely  disjoined, 
in  order  to  account  thereby  for  certain 
generic  similarities  among  their  in- 
habitants, * * * 

“ 4.  Here  the  fact  of  the  antiquity  of 
creation,  and  in  particular  of  the  present 
kinds  of  the  earth’s  inhabitants,  or  of  a 
large  part  of  them,  comes  in  to  rebut  the 
objection,  that  there  has  not  been  time 
enough  for  any  marked  diversification  of 
living  things  through  divergent  variation, 
— not  time  enough  for  varieties  to  have 
diverged  into  what  we  call  species.*  * * 
“ 5.  The  overlapping  of  existing  and 
extinct  species,  and  the  seeming  gradual 
transition  of  the  life  of  the  drift  period 
into  that  of  the  present,  may  be  turned 
to  the  same  account.  Mammoths,  mas- 
todons and  Irish  elks,  now  extinct,  must 
have  lived  down  to  human,  if  not  almost 
to  historic  times.  * * * Whatever 
might  have  been  thought,  when  geological 
time  was  supposed  to  be  separated  from 
the  present  era  by  a clear  time,  it  is  now 
certain  that  a gradual  replacement  of  old 
forms  by  new  ones  is  strongly  suggestive 
of  some  mode  of  origination  which  may 
still  be  operative.” 


Univeesity  Intelligence. — Oxford, 
April  26.  The  Hope  Professor  of  Zoology 
(Mr.  Westwood)  will  deliver  a course  of 
lectures  in  this  term  in  the  New  Museum, 
on  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  at  2 p.  m. 
The  present  series  of  lectures  will  be 
chiefly  confined  to  the  Insecta  of  Lin- 
naeus. The  first  lecture  will  be  delivered 
on  Saturday,  May  4.  The  lectures  are 
open  to  members  of  the  University  on 
payment  of  the  statutable  fee  of  £l.  The 
Professor  may  be  consulted  daily  at  the 
Taylor  Institution  between  12  and  4. 


The  ‘ZOOLOGIST’  for  may 

contains  an  account  of  the  Pre- 
sentation to  Mr.  Newman  of  the  Testi- 
monial which  formed  the  subject  of  the 
Leaders,  Nos.  184  and  194,  of  the  ‘ In- 
telligencer.’ This  account  comprises  the 
Address  of  the  Testimonialists,  a List  of 
their  Names,  and  Mr.  Newman’s  Acknow- 
ledgment of  the  honour  conferred  upon 
him. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


The  le pidopterist’s 

CALENDAR.  By  Joseph 
Meerin.  Price  Is.  6d.;  cloth  2s. 

“ On  the  whole  we  are  of  opinion  that 
this  volume  will  be  found  very  serviceable 
to  all  that  numerous  class  who  have  not 
already  learned  by  their  own  ex- 

perience.”— Entomologist’s  Intelligencer. 

“ To  those  who  have  only  collected  the 
perfect  insect,  we  recommend  this  Ca- 
lendar as  opening  up  to  them  a higher 
source  of  interest  and  instruction,  in  ob- 
serving the  forms  and  habits  of  the  earlier 
conditions  of  the  various  species  of  Lepi- 
doptera.” — Alhenxum. 

London:  E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire 
Street,  Bishopsgate.  Sent  on  receipt  of 
Is.  Qd.  or  2s.  in  postage  stamps  by  the 
Publisher,  or  the  Author,  Gloucester. 


PRICED  LIST  OF  EUROPEAN 
LEPIDOPTERA. — I have  just 
received  a new  and  very  complete  Edi- 
tion of  Herrich-Schaffer’s  Priced  List  of 
European  Lepidoptera.  Price  lOi., 
post  free. 

E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire  Street, 
Bishopsgate. 


Collection  for  sale.— a 

Gentleman,  who  has  no  longer  time 
to  devote  to  the  study  of  Entomology, 
wishes  to  dispose  of  a small  Collection  of 
British  liCpidoptera,  comprising  about 
400  specimens.  Price,  cases  included, 
£7  7s.  (without  cases  £6  6s.). 

Can  be  seen  on  application  to  the 
Housekeeper  at  52,  Gracechurch  Street. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bisbops- 
fcate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  May  4, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  240.]  SATURDAY,  MAY  11.  1861.  [Pbice  Id. 


EAST  WINDS. 

At  this  season  of  the  year  we  are  all 
apt  to  have  our  tempers  tried  by  the 
j prevalence  of  the  east  winds.  It  is  a 
I law  of  Nature  that  the  east  winds 
. should  blow  just  now,  and  that  it 
j should  blow  for  about  six  weeks  be- 
j tween  the  beginning  of  March  and 
j end  of  May;  the  same  law  requires 
1 that  these  winds  should  be  cold  and 
j very  dry.  The  east  winds  in  May  are 
j felt  as  more  uncomfortable  and  more 
I unendurable  than  any  weather  we  ex- 
I perience  at  any  other  portion  of  the 
year. 

Captain  Maury,  in  his  work  on  the 
‘Physical  Geography  of  the  Sea,’  has 
I a theory  on  the  circulation  of  the  atmo- 
sphere which  is  extremely  interesting. 

I Starting  with  the  intertropical  trade- 
winds,  which  blow  both  from  the  north- 
east and  south-east  to  the  equator,  he 
assumes  that  at  the  region  of  equatorial 
calms,  where  these  winds  meet,  they 
vise  up,  intercross,  and  the  wind  from 
the  south  proceeds  northwards,  that 
from  the  north  proceeds  southwards ; 
but  as,  owing  to  the  difference  of 


velocity  of  the  earth’s  atmosphere  in 
different  parallels  of  latitude,  winds 
from  the  equator  to  the  poles  take  an 
easterly  direction,  and  those  from  the 
poles  to  the  equator  pursue  a westerly 
course.  Thus  the  south-east  trade-wind 
rising  up  and  crossing  the  equator 
becomes  an  upper  current  from  the 
south-west,  and  thus  flows  onward  on 
the  top  of  the  north-east  trade-winds 
till  it  reaches  the  tropic  of  Cancer, 
where,  according  to  Captain  Maury’s 
theory,  its  progress  is  arrested  by  an 
opposing  upper  current  from  the  north- 
east. Here  there  is  a belt  of  variable 
winds  and  calms,  in  which,  as.  at  the 
equator,  the  winds  intercross  and  the 
upper  currents  descend  to  the  surface: 
accordingly  the  south-west  wind,  which 
had  been  the  upper  current  from  the 
equator'  to  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  now 
becomes  the  lower  current,  and  is  our 
prevailing  warm  and  moist  south-west 
wind;  warm  because  it  comes  to  us 
from  the  equator;  moist  because  it  has 
blown  over  the  surface  of  the  sea  from 
the  tropic  of  Capricorn  to  the  equator, 
and  again  since  it  descended  from  the 
upper  regions  in  30°  north  latitude. 
This  wind  continues  its  course  steadily 


G 


42 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


towards  the  North  Pole,  where  it  again 
has  its  course  arrested,  and  ascending 
to  the  upper  regions  it  returns  as  an 
upper  current  from  the  north-east. 
Occasionally,  but  more  especially  at 
this  season  of  the  year,  this  upper 
current  descends  to  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  coming  to  us  direct  from 
the  polar  regions,  where  all  its  moisture 
has  been  frozen  out  of  it,  arrives  here 
both  very  cold  and  very  dry. 

As  our  spring  east  winds  arrive  so 
very  regularly  about  the  same  time, 
just  after  the  vernal  equinox.  Admiral 
Fitzroy  has  suggested  that  they  are 
mainly  due  to  the  gradual  turning 
of  the  North  Pole  towards  the  sun,  and 
consequent  melting  of  the  polar  ice. 
Water  in  freezing  gives  out  heat;  ice 
in  melting  absorbs  it:  hence  the  winds 
that  come  to  us  from  the  melting  ice 
have  a peculiar  bitterness  of  cold, 
which  the  east  winds  lack  at  other 
times. 


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All  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 


before — s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


43 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

B,  G. — Your  letter  of  the  6th  is  duly 
to  hand,  but  it  contained  no  stamps. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoi’teba. 

Nolodonta  Carrnelila.  — Not  having 
seen  the  capture  of  N.  Carinelita  an- 
nounced in  the  ‘Intelligencer’  for  the 
present  year,  I beg  to  stale  that  within 
the  last  fortnight  ray  brother,  J.  G.  Maw- 
son,  has  taken  five  specimens  of  that 
insect;  the  captures  were  made  near 
Keswick.  He  has  also  taken  one  speci- 
men of  Ceropacka  Ridens  and  one  pair 
of  C.  Flavicornis,  near  the  same  place. 
Last  week,  when  out  in  search  of  insects, 
I took  a male  Nolodonta  Chaonia ; it 
was  not  a perfect  insect,  the  wings  not 
having  properly  expanded,  I think  on 
account  of  the  dry  weather  we  have  had 
here. — George  Mawson,  Gill  House, 
near  Cockermouth ; May  4,  1861. 

Anarla  Myrtilli  in  April. — Your  cor- 
respondent “ F.  B.”  appears  to  have 
informed  you  of  the  capture  of  A.  Myr- 
tilli last  month,  and,  doubting  the  fact, 
you  have,  in  the  ‘Intelligencer’  of  this 
week,  suggested  the  insect  captured  being 
D.  Sulphurella.  I therefore  beg  to  com- 
municate to  you  that  my  friend  Mr. 
Lynch,  in  sweeping  heath  with  me  last 
week,  took  a specimen  of  A.  Myrtilli. 
It  was  in  bad  condition,  and  therefore 
thrown  away,  but  it  was  most  un- 
doubtedly an  insect  of  that  species. — 
R.  W.  Fe  REDAY,  3,  Leighton  Villas, 
York  Road,  Holloway,  N.  ; May  4, 1861. 

[We  shall  certainly  be  glad  to  hear 
of  any  further  captures  of  Anarla  Myr- 
tilli in  April,  if  any  of  our  readers  can 
throw  more  light  on  the  subject.] 

Captures  at  Colchester. — I have  taken 


the  following  insects  this  season,  up  to 
the  present  date : — 

Tteniocampa  Gothica, 

Selenia  Illunaria, 

Biston  Hirtaria, 

Amphidasis  Prodromaria  (8), 

Hibernia  Leucophearia  (I  female), 

...  Progemmaria, 

Anisopteryx  iEscularia, 

Coremia  Ferrugaria  (2,  April  24th), 
Chimabacche  Fagella  (abundant). 

Is  not  the  24th  of  April  a very  early  date 
for  Ferrugaria?  I was  certainly  sur- 
prised at  meeting  with  it,  considering 
how  cold  the  weather  has  been,  but  I 
was  even  more  surprised  at  seeing 
Strenia  Clalhrata  out  on  the  12th.  But- 
terflies seem  very  backward.  I have 
also  bred  the  following : — 

Smerinthus  Tiliae  (male  and  female), 
Leiocampa  Diclaea  (1), 

Dasychira  Pudibunda, 

Saturnia  Pavonia-miuor, 

Chloephora  Prasinana  (5). 

— W.  H.  Harwood,  Colchester,  April  30, 
1861. 

Captures  near  Sheffield. — Chaonia  is 
beginning  to  put  in  an  appearance  in 
my  breeding-cage;  the  larvae  of  this  I 
obtained  last  August,  a notice  of  which 
has  already  appeared  in  the  ‘ Intelli- 
gencer.’ I have  also  bred  a most  splendid 
variety  of  C.  Ridens  from  a larva  which 
I look  near  here ; I have  another  in  pupa. 
This  species  must  have  been  overlooked 
here,  as  I have  never  heard  of  it  being 
taken,  and  I therefore  think  1 may  claim 
to  be  the  first  breeder  of  it  here.  In 
addition  to  these  1 have  bred  S.  Lunaria, 
F.  Atomaria,  E.  Dodoneala.  I have  also, 
in  company  with  Mr.  Pryer,  obtained 
some  hundreds  (fust  approaching  thou- 
sands) of  larvae  off  grass ; also  one  or  two 
hundred  off  sallow. — W.  Thomas,  Tom 
Cross  Lane,  Sheffield;  April  30,  1861. 

A Night’s  Larva-hunting  in  Whitsand 
Bay. — 1 and  two  other  entomologists  had 
thought  that  many  species  of  larvae  might 
be  taken  by  night  on  the  coast,  by  the  aid 


44 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


of  the  lantern.  Detennined  to  try  our 
luck,  we  accordingly,  on  the  night  of  the 
20ih  instant,  made  our  way  to  the  above- 
named  locality.  It  was  a most  beautiful 
moonlight  night,  although  at  times  rather 
chilly;  but,  big  with  hopes  of  something 
out  of  the  common  turning  up,  we  started 
with  very  bright  expectations,  which,  I 
think,  were  hardly  realized.  We  arrived 
about  seven  o’clock,  which  being  too 
early  to  commence  operations  we  sat  on 
the  beach,  and  the  sight  at  sunset  was 
sublime:  it  requires  the  genius  of  the 
poet  or  the  skill  of  the  painter  to  do 
justice  to  the  scene ; but  it  was  neither 
the  sublime  nor  the  romantic  that  we 
were  after,  for  we  had  real  hard  work 
before  us  in  climbing  the  acclivities,  and 
many  was  the  slip  and  catch  we  had. 
“I  have  fallen  down  and  broken  the 
glass  of  my  lantern!”  By  jingo!  this 
was  No.  1 to  begin  with.  “ I have  lost  a 
box  full  of  larvae,”  was  No.  2,  and  “I 
have  come  away  without  pins,”  No.  3. 
A poor  beginning  truly.  “ Here  is  a fine 
T.  Fimbria  larva,”  was  No.  4, — rather 
more  cheering  than  the  others.  Well, 
after  an  hour  or  so  of  hard  work,  with 
but  rather  indifferent  success,  we  beat 
the  roll-call,  when  we  again  met.  Now 
for  the  commissariat ; this  is  the  work  for 
an  appetite  ! mine  was  as  keen  as  a razor; 
we  pitched  into  it  like  farmers.  Don’t 
talk  about  digestive  pills — this  is  the  pill 
that  is  wanted:  go,  I say  to  those  who 
seek  the  aid  of  such  nostrums  — by  all 
means,  go  larva-hunting:  you  will  no 
longer  need  the  assistance  of  quacks. 
But  to  my  story,  for  this  is  a sad  digres- 
sion. We’ll  begin  again.  “Now  then, 

you,  H , go  right  up  the  middle  of 

this  valley;  and  you,  R , go  to  the 

left  and  work  those  furze  and  ling  bushes ; 
and  I’ll  take  these  nettles,  and  we’ll  all 
meet  at  that  rock.”  “ I’ve  got  a larva — 
a Noctua — on  sorrel;  1 don’t  know  what 
it  is — never  saw  anything  like  it  before  ; 
something  rare,  I’ll  be  bound,”  says  a 
hollow  voice  from  below.  “ Here’s  the 


place,”  says  H ; “one,  two,  three 

fine  places  here.”  “All  right,”  says  the 
voice  again,  “ pick  up  all  you  see ; throw 
away  the  common  ones  to-morrow.”  And 
so  all  went  on  like  a merry  marriage  bell. 
About  4 A.  M.  we  beat  to  quarters,  and 
after  a consultation  agreed  to  beat  a 
retreat  and  return  home — a resolution 
more  easily  formed  than  accomplished ; 
for  no  sooner  had  we  fairly  started  for 
home  than  the  magic  spell  was  broken, 
and  the  miles  between  us  and  home 
seemed  doubled,  the  cold  began  to  tickle, 
and  — worse,  0 worse  than  all ! — the 
waterman  who  had  to  ferry  us  over  was 
not  there ; the  charms  of  Somnus,  aided 
no  doubt  by  the  persuasions  of  Bacchus, 
were  too  much  for  him  to  resist,  so  he 
was  non  est  when  most  wanted.  “What’s 

to  be  done?”  asks  H . “Don’t 

know,”  I replied,  rather  long-visaged. 

“ Can’t  swim  across,”  suggested  E . 

“No,”  chimes  in  H , shivering  at 

the  thought  of  having  to  sleep  on  the 
beach.  “Hallo!  hallo!  boat,  ahoy!” 

shouts  E . “What’s  the  use?  no 

one  will  come  this  hour,”  says  H . 

“ Boat,  ahoy  ! ” still  louder,  again  shouts 

R , in  which  I joined  chorus.  “ What 

a pretty  mess  to  be  sure ! ” groans  poor 

H ; “ throw  in  the  larvae,  and  let’s 

swim  across  on  their  backs ! ” he  added, 

poking  R in  the  ribs.  Well,  at  last, 

thanks  to  the  stentorian  lungs  of  E , 

we  woke  up  one  that  might  have  well 
been  taken  for  old  Charon,  the  ferryman 
of  the  Styx:  “And,  as  sure  as  faith, 
here  you  are,  jintlemin,  all  snug!  and 
I’ll  put  you  across  in  a jiffy.”  And 
across  we  soon  were  ; and  so  ended  this 
night’s  larva-hunting.  Well,  now  for 
the  result — what’s  the  game  ? 

Noctua  Xanthographa.  More  than 
plenty. 

Leucania  Litbargyria.  Much  the  same. 

Some  other  Leucanias, 

Arctia  Villica. 

...  Caja. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEE. 


45 


Sereral  Geonietrse,  viz.: — 

Eubolia  Bipunctaria, 

...  Palumbaria, 

Aspilates  Ciiraria, 

Abraxas  Grass  ulariata. 

Plusia  Iota. 

...  Chrysitis. 

Epunda  Lichenea. 

...  Lutulenta. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus. 

...  Rubi  (empty  cocoons,  de- 
stroyed by  birds). 

Triphaena  Orbona.  Scores. 

...  Fimbria.  And  some  I sus- 
pect to  be  Interjecla, — a very  curious 
larva,  slightly  hairy,  on  Matricaria. 

One  more  curious,  on  Bursa  pastoris. 
Several  larvae  that  none  of  us  knew. 
Aplecta  Nebulosa. 

Phlogophora  Meticulosa.  Several. 
Phragmatobia  Fiiliginosa  (pupae). 

This,  I believe,  is  the  sum  total  of  a 
night’s  work  at  Whitsand  Bay. — J.  S.  D. 


OBSEBVATIONS. 

Micropleryx  Larvce. — “ It  never  rains 
but  it  pours,”  and  now  it  pours  Micro- 
pleryx larvae.  Yesterday’s  post  brought 
me  two  boxes  containing  larvae  of  this 
genus. 

1.  Mr.  Wilkinson,  of  Scarborough, 
sent  me  a birch  leaf  containing  a young 
mining  larva  of  Micropleryx  unimacu- 
lella,  bred  from  the  egg  the  first  week 
in  April.  Mr.  Wilkinson  describes  his 
mode  of  obtaining  the  eggs  as  follows; — 
“ I took  ten  of  the  perfect  insect,  and 
having  a fine  young  birch  in  a pot,  just 
coming  into  leaf,  I covered  the  pot  over 
with  muslin,  and  turned  the  insects  on 
to  the  plant,  and  the  same  evening  I ob- 
served one  of  the  females  depositing  her 
eggs  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves ; 
some  leaves  have  as  many  as  four  larvae 
in  them.” 


2.  Mr.  Healy  sent  me  several  mined 
birch  leaves,  in  which  were  two  species 
of  larvae,  clearly  congeneric  with  that 
received  from  Mr.  Wilkinson  ; the  largest 
of  these  larvae  were  three  lines  in  length, 
and  had  made  blotches  of  a considerable 
size.  The  appearance  of  the  excrement 
in  these  blotches  is  very  singular,  as  it 
looks  like  a coil  of  fine  black  cotton. 

In  the  afternoon  I went  towards  Chisel- 
hurst,  and  there  found  these  Micropleryx 
larvae  plentiful  on  almost  every  young 
birch  tree  I looked  at.  These  larvae  are 
mentioned  in  the  ‘ Entomologist’s  Com- 
panion,’ second  edition,  p.  123,  under 
May  23rd,  West  Wickham  Wood,  “a 
Coleopterous  mining  larva  in  birch  leaves, 
apodal  and  making  linear  excrement.’’ — 
H.  T.  Stainton  ; May  7,  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Saturnia  Pavonia-minor. — I have  eggs 
of  this  insect,  which  I should  be  glad  to 
exchange  for  any  of  the  following,  as 
numbered  in  the  Appendix  to  Stainton’s 
‘Manual’:— Nos.  112,  113,  11.5,  116, 
117,  119,  124,  142,  148,  158,  161,  166, 
178,  181.  Any  one  not  having  any  of  my 
wants  can  send  return  postage,  and  I will 
send  them  a few. — Thomas  Mellor, 
Skircoat  Green,  near  Halifax ; April  29, 
1861. 

Exchange. — I have  several  of  the  fol- 
lowing and  many  other  insects  for  ex- 
change. A marked  list  will  be  sent  to 
those  requiring  it. 


Edusa 

Strigilis 

Sinapis 

Suffusa 

.Algeria 

Festiva 

Semele 

Pistacina 

Hyperanthus 

Lunosa 

Davus 

Atriplicis  (2) 

C-album 

Pisi 

Paphia 

Chrysitis 

Selene 

Libatrix 

Euphrosyne 

Pyramidea 

46 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Cinxia 

Nupta 

Athalia 

Glyphica 

Artemis 

Sarabucaria 

Agestis 

Illuiiaria 

Alveolus 

Elinguaria 

Tages 

Hirtaria 

.Slsculi 

Belularia 

Liguslri 

Thymiaria 

Pudibunda 

Leucophearia 

Antiqua 

Defoliaria 

Caja 

Biriviata 

Quercus 

Montaiiata 

Neuslria 

Fluctuata 

Versicolora 

Ferrugaria 

Derasa 

Pyraliata 

Batis 

Chrerophyllata 

Polyodon 

Viridana 

Brassicae 

Bajularia 

Those  correspondents  not  hearing  from 
me  within  ten  days  will  please  conclude 
I do  not  require  what  they  oflfer. — Dr. 
Gill,  5,  Cambridge  Place,  Regent's  Park, 
London,  N.  W. 


NOTES  ON  LEPIDOPTERA. 

[Continued  from  vol.  is.  p.  167). 

II,  Egg-laying. 

This  is  a title  suggesting  a good  many 
inquiries,  e.g. — 

1.  How  best  to  induce  the  insect  to 
lay.  On  this  point  your  ingenious  and 
agreeable  correspondent  “ Q ” has  made 
some  valuable  observations.  I should  be 
glad  to  hear  from  any  one  who  has  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  the  lively  Hawk-moths 
(such  as  M.  Stellatarum  or  D.  Galii)  to 
lay  freely. 

2.  The  numbers  of  eggs  laid  by  dif- 
ferent species. 

3.  The  place,  mode  and  time  of  laying ; 
where,  whether  by  day,  dusk  or  night  ; 
how  long  the  process  is  continued,  and 
whether  its  continuance  depends  on  her 
age  at  the  lime  of  marriage. 


4.  How  long  the  female  survives  the 
operation.  According  to  my  experience 
the  process  leaves  her  in  a very  exhausted 
condition,  death  soon  ensuing.  Males, 
on  the  other  hand,  seem  to  retain  their 
vivacity  after  pairing;  and  so  they  should, 
if  it  be  generally  true  that  they  are  ready 
for  a second  marriage.  By-the-bye,  is 
this  an  admitted  fact?  I do  not  re- 
member that  I have  anywhere  seen  it 
asserted,  and  had  rather  inferred  the 
contrary,  till  ray  own  experience  con- 
vinced me  that  it  was  at  least  partially 
true. 

6.  The  lime  of  hatching. 

6.  The  Tnode  of  fertilization.  I believe 
the  general  impression  is  that  the  male 
element  is  accumulated  in  a reservoir  in 
the  female’s  abdomen,  and  fertilizes  the 
egg  as  it  is  laid.  This  theory  seems 
supported  by  the  facts  (so  far  as  my  ex- 
perience goes)  that  where  the  eggs  are 
laid  at  intervals  {e.g.  on  different  nights) 
there  are  corresponding  intervals  in  the 
hatching,  and  that  eggs  e.xtracted  by 
the  Caesarian  operation  are  infertile. 

The  following  notes  will  possibly  throw 
light  on  some  of  these  questions. 

A.  B. 

Brighton  ; March,  1861. 

A.  Arctia  Menthastri.  The  female 
mentioned  (Int.  ix.  165)  began  to  lay  as 
soon  as  she  parted  from  her  mate^_  The 
first  night  she  laid  between  300  and  400 
eggs,  the  next  night  about  100  more,  and 
by  the  end  of  the  third  night  she  had 
laid  more  than  600.  At  dusk  of  the  foL 
lowing  day  the  lady  expired.  Her  eggs 
were  scattered  in  batches  of  from  one  to 
fifty  over  the  leno  bag ; not  one  was  laid 
on  the  marigold.  The  larvae,  which 
hatched  in  about  a week,  ate  the  mari- 
gold as  readily  as  mint. 

B.  Nolodonta  Ziczac.  A bred  female 
laid  me  193  eggs  the  first  night  (afier 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


47 


that  of  pairing)  and  50  the  next  night. 
The  great  majority  were  laid  about  the 
leno,  either  singly  or  in  groups,  in  no  case 
exceeding  four.  About  a score  were  laid 
on  willow  leaves  attached  to  twigs  placed 
in  water.  The  fourth  night  she  laid  no 
eggs,  so  I killed  and  dissected  her,  finding 
29  eggs  in  her  body.  I kept  these  batches 
separately  : the  second  batch  hatched  on 
the  tenth  day,  when,  on  looking  to  the 
first  batch,  I found  them  hatched  and 
dead,  being  unprovided  with  food.  The 
extracted  eggs  did  not  hatch  at  all. 

c.  Smerinlhus  Popuii.  Paired  on  the 
night  of  the  31sl  of  July.  The  female 
(rather  a small  one)  began  to  lay  the 
next  night:  on  the  8th  of  August  she 
died,  having  laid  nearly  150  eggs,  and 
having  survived  her  partner  two  days. 
On  dissection  I found  four  eggs,  which 
did  not  batch.  The  others  began  to 
hatch  on  the  12th  of  August. 

D.  Endromis  Versicolora.  Two  females 
came  out  on  the  24tli  of  March,  1859. 
After  having  had  the  society  of  one  male, 
tinder  the  circumstances  detailed  (Intel, 
ix.  166),  they  began  to  lay  their  eggs  in 
batches  of  from  4 to  44:  I think  15  to 
25  is  the  average  number.  The  last 
batch  was  laid  ou  the  28lh,  the  insects 
dying  about  three  days  afier.  These  two 
females  were  mated  within  a day  or  two 
after  birth.  A third  female,  which  had 
to  wait  five  or  six  days  before  I could 
provide  her  with  a husband,  laid  all  her 
eggs  within  a few  hours  after  he  had 
parted  from  her.  I am  told  old  maids  of 
this  species  will  live  ten  days  or  a fort- 
night ; bachelors  I know  live  as  long 
as  this.  Most  of  the  batches  were  de- 
posited in  the  afternoon,  perhaps  because 
that  happened  to  be  the  time  when  I 
could  attend  to  them.  When  I speak  of 
my  attentions  I do  not  mean  that  I was 
an  accoucheur, — at  least  no  more  so  than 
a farmer’s  son  I know,  who  told  me  he 
could  always  get  new-laid  eggs  by  chevy- 
ing the  hens  round  the  yard.  My  delicate 
attentions  consisted  simply  of  poking  the 


ladies  gently  with  a twig,  or  shaking 
them  moderately  till  they  began  to  crawl 
and  flutter — an  operation  which  usually 
ended  in  a “ lay.”  Once  I saw  a batch 
laid  spontaneously;  this  was  about  dusk. 
An  interesting  thing  it  is  to  see  this  in- 
sect deposit  her  eggs  : she  clings  to  the 
lower  side  of  a twig,  then,  curling  her 
abdomen  till  its  extremity  it  almost  close 
to  the  thorax,  she  presses  its  tip  against 
one  side  of  the  twig,  a slight  writhing  of 
the  abdominal  rings  ensues,  then  the 
tapering  ovipositor  swells  and  withdraws, 
disclosing  the  large  bright  yellow  egg, 
which  is  left  glued  by  one  of  its  sides  to 
the  twig  ; next,  a second  egg  is  deposited 
below  the  first,  and  so  on  till  the  batch 
is  about  half  completed,  when  the  other 
side  of  the  twig  is  adorned  in  a similar 
manner.  Sometimes  a third  and  even  a 
fourth  row  are  added,  but  then  they  are 
laid  rather  irregularly.  I believe  the  in- 
sect uniformly  works  from  the  thorax 
tailwards.  Generally  the  eggs  are  so 
placed  that  the  lower  ends  of  each  row 
approximate,  and  the  outer  and  upper 
ends  may  be  seen  projecting  beyond  the 
twig  as  one  looks  down  on  it.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  process,  especially  in 
the  earlier  batches,  scarcely  more  than  a 
second  intervenes  between  the  exclusion 
of  each  egg,  but  towards  the  end  this 
period  is  much  lessened,  till  it  sometimes 
reaches  a minute.  The  eggs  soon  begin 
to  lose  their  brightness.  In  about  three 
days  they  become  rather  brown  than 
yellow,  and  a day  or  two  more  leaves 
them  of  a pale  purplish  brown  hue  ; this 
colour  grows  gradually  darker  till  it  be- 
comes almost  blackish  just  before  they 
hatch — an  operation  which  takes  place  in 
little  more  than  a month,  all  of  one  batch 
hatching  within  a few  hours.  The 
greatest  number  of  eggs  I obtained  from 
a single  female  was  174,  the  smallest  150. 
I dissected  one  that  laid  me  158,  and 
found  about  thirty-five  more,  only  eight  of 
which  seemed  full  sized  and  hard,  the 
remainder  being  manifestly  undeveloped. 


48 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


My  females  were  of  good  size,  very  little 
smaller  than  caught  specimens.  The 
hatching  is  a very  simple  process,  the 
young  larvae  merely  hiiing  a hole  in  one 
end  and  crawling  forth.  They  do  not 
eat  their  shells,  which  are  very  pretty 
ohjects,  being  slightly  irridescent  and 
delicately  tinted  with  permanent  pink  or 
lilac  hues. 

E.  Ourapteryx  Sambucuria.  On  the 
27th  of  July,  1859, 1 found  on  the  under 
side  of  a sallow-leaf,  at  Highgate,  nine 
eggs  of  this  species.  Considering  that 
this  is  one  of  our  largest  Geometrae  its 
eggs  seem  very  small,  not  so  large  as 
those  of  A.  Groasulariata.  They  hatched 
in  three  days  after  I found  them. 

F.  Ephyra  Orbicutaria.  The  egg  is 
laid  almost  uniformly  on  the  edye  of  the 
leaf,  generally  two  or  three  on  a leaf, 
sometimes  four  or  five.  In  rare  instances 
the  egg  is  laid  on  the  stalk  or  midrib,  or 
on  the  edge  of  one  of  the  stipules.  At 
first  it  is  white,  but  in  two  or  three  days 
turns  red,  which  colour  it  retains  until  a 
day  or  two  before  hatching,  when  it  as- 
sumes a blackish  grey.  These  eggs 
hatch  in  from  ten  days  to  three  weeks, 
according  to  temperature.  I cannot  tell 
how  many  eggs  a single  female  will  lay, 
but  I should  say  over  100. 

G.  Cymatophora  Flavicornis.  This 
egg  is  laid  singly  or  in  pairs  in  the  angle 
formed  by  the  growing  bud  with  the 
twig.  At  first  white,  it  soon  changes  to 
a bright  and  lovely  pink,  darkening  in 
hue  as  its  time  for  hatching  arrives  — 
usually  in  about  a month. 

H.  Plalypteryx  Falcula.  A female, 
caught  near  the  end  of  June,  I860,  lived 
for  about  a fortnight,  laying  me  about 
the  same  number  of  eggs  every  day  (or 
night)  till  they  amounted  to  nearly  100: 
they  are  rather  large  and  white. 

I.  Bislon  Hirtaria.  A crippled  female 
mated  the  first  night,  and  the  following 
night  laid  me  a batch  of  about  180  eggs. 
I was  a long  time  before  I could  find 
them,  for  they  were  laid  in  a thin  cake, 


two  eggs  thick,  in  a crevice  left  by  the 
starting  of  the  edges  of  a box  in  which 
she  was  confined.  These  eggs  are  small, 
are  of  a bright  bluish  green,  and  very 
smooth!)’  laid,  so  as  to  remind  one  of 
a piece  of  German  bead-work.  Seen 
through  a lens  they  are  shining  and  iri- 
descent, and  look  like  green  pearls. 
Since  the  first  night  she  has  laid  me 
several  more  batches,  all  in  crevices, 
which  shows  the  object  of  the  long 
telescopic  ovipositor.  Altogether  I have 
had  above  600  eggs  from  this  specimen, 
and  she  does  not  seem  to  have  done 
laying  yet.  A.  B. 

Univeesity  Intelligence. — Oxford. 
Owing  to  some  new  arrangements  with 
the  University  authorities,  we  understand 
that  Professor  Westwood’s  lectures  are 
postponed  for  the  present. 

Notice. — a Collection  of  European 
Lepidoptera  is  for  Sale  at  No.  9, 
Neiie  Mainzerstrasse,  Frankfort-on-the- 
Maine.  It  contains — 

Specimens. 

1.  301  species  Papilionidae  . 1309 

2.  1’22  „ Sphingidae  (in- 

cluding Epiolidae,  Cos- 
sidsB  and  Psychidae)  . 401 

3.  164  species  Bombycidae  . . 706 

4.  519  „ Noctuidae  . . 1933 

5.  370  „ Geometridae  . . 1446 

6.  195  „ Crambidae  and 

Pyralidae 684 

7.  297  species  Toriricidae  . . 1331 

8.  710  „ Tineidae  . . . 3417 

9.  47  ,,  Pterophoridae  . 191 

Total  2725  species.  1 1 ,418 

(including  new  species  discovered  by  the 
owner  and  others,  which  are  either  in  few 
or  in  no  other  collections,  and  many 
interesting  varieties).  For  neatness  of 
preparation,  cleanness  and  freshness  of 
the  specimens,  which  have  been  mostly 
collected  by  the  owner  or  reared  from  the 
larva,  this  Collection  is  well  known  to 
experienced  amateurs  as  almost  unique. 

For  further  information  apply  to  Ver- 
walter  Miihlig,  at  the  above  address. 

Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Primer,  of  No. 9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
pate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  May  11,1861, 


THE  EMTOr^OLOGISTS 


I WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  241.]  SATURDAY,  MAY  18,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


COLUMBUS. 

We  can  all  make  an  egg  stand  on 
end,  now  that  we  have  been  shown 
how;  . hut  why  couldn’t  we  do  it 
before?  This  is  the  idea  that  will 
naturally  suggest  itself  to  any  one 
reading  the  notices  of  larvae  of  Micro- 
pteryx  which  now  pour  in  upon  us. 

Seven  years  ago,  in  the  ‘ Entomolo- 
gist’s Companion,’  second  edition,  we 
read,  at  p.  54,  “ Micropteryx . Larva 
entirely  unknown.”  And,  at  p.  99, 
“I  believe  it  has  been  observed  that 
particular  species  of  Hymenoptera  store 
up  only  particular  species  of  larvae, 
even  though  of  great  rarity.  Might 
we  not,  by  observation  and  study  of 
these  insects,  get  a useful  hint  or  two, 
and  perhaps  a Micropteryx  larva?” 
Yet  in  the  very  same  work  we  find 
j actually  a description  of  a Micropteryx 
larva  (p.  123)  “mining  in  birch  leaves, 
apodal,  and  making  linear  excrement,” 
only  it  was  there  assumed  to  be  Cole- 
opterous. 

We  have  been  talking  prose  all  our 
lives  without  knowing  it;  and  so  we 
have  been  innocently  throwing  away 
the  larva)  of  Micropteryx  whenever 


we  found  them.  In  future  we  shall 
avoid  that  error;  but  shall  we  learn  to 
avoid  committing  other  errors  somewhat 
similar? 

If  Micropteryx  larvae  are  to  he 
found  about  a month  after  the  perfect 
insect,  and  if  we  know  what  plants  the 
perfect  insects  frequent,  we  can  have 
no  difficulty  in  indicating  the  time 
and  place  of  many  of  the  larvae. 
Thus — 


Calthella,  in  June  and  July,  on  Caltha 
and  Ranunculus. 

Tunheryella,  in  June,  on  beech. 

Purpurella,  ' 

Salopiella,  . , 

„ . „ }•  iR  May,  on  birch. 

oemipurpurella, 

(Inimaculella, 

Sparmannella,  in  May  and  June,  on 
birch. 

Suhpurpurella,  in  June,  on  oak. 

Aruncella  and  Seppella,  in  July,  on 
? 

Mansuetella  and  Allionella,  in  June 
and  J uly,  on ? 


We  confess  we  are  at  a loss  to  indi- 
cate the  plants  which  the  four  last- 
named  species  frequent;  but  now  that 
attention  is  so  forcibly  directed  to  this 
group  we  cannot  doubt  that  a few 
months  will  pour  a flood  of  light  upon 
the  subject. 

H 


60 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


The  South-European  species  of  the 
genus  will  no  doubt  soon  engage  the 
attention  of  collectors  there,  and  in  a 
very  short  time  the  history  of  the 
genus  Micropteryx  will  be  much  better 
known  than  at  present. 

But  still  the  question  will  arise, 
How  are  we  to  avoid  the  commission 
of  similar  blunders  in  future.^  How 
are  we  to  prevent  ourselves  from 
again  committing  the  capital  error  of 
throwing  away  Lepidopterous  larv®  as 
Coleopterous  ? Some  Lepidopterisls  are 
also  Coleopterists ; cannot  they  come 
to  the  rescue?  If  the  rejected  larva 
be  a Coleopterou  they  will  be  able  to 
name  it  for  us,  or  if  not  they  will 
themselves  be  anxious  to  breed  it. 
Perhaps  they  might  obtain  a new 
species  of  beetle  by  breeding  this  un- 
known larva.  We  presume  new  beetles 
sometimes  are  obtained  by  breeding, 
or  are  the  phytophagous  Coleopterous 
larvEe  of  no  value  in  the  eyes  of  Cole- 
opterists, and  only  useful  to  perplex 
the  would-be  breeders  of  Polyommatus 
Agesiis  and  Micro-Lepidoptera. 


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All  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Leivisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
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tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
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before — s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
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a page 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


51 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

J.  B.,  Bibmingham. — We  cannot  re- 
commend anything  yet  as  an  improve- 
ment upon  Spry. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteea. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus. — In  searching 
the  other  day  for  examples  of  Cassida 
obscuraia, — a fruitless  search,  so  far  as 
that  insect  is  concerned, — I picked  up  a 
cocoon,  in  which  was  a very  lively-looking 
pupa  of  Lasiocampa  Quercus  that  had,  of 
course,  been  lying  in  that  state  through- 
out the  winter.  Should  any  entomologist 
— not  a mere  collector — be  in  want  of 
this  pupa  for  any  scientific  or  useful  pur- 
pose I shall  feel  great  pleasure  in  for- 
warding it.  Applicants  (if  any)  will 
please  state  the  purpose  for  which  they 
want  it,  and  I must  reserve  to  myself  the 
right  of  sending  it  to  the  one  whose 
reasons  for  applying  for  it  I consider  to 
be  of  the  greatest  weight. — S.  Stone, 
Brighikampton,  Witney;  May  8,  1861. 

Feridea  Trepida. — An  example  of  this 
insect  made  its  appearance  on  Saturday 
last.  The  larva  was  beaten  off  oak,  and 
spun  itself  up  under  dry  turf  at  the 
beginning  of  September.  The  pupa  was 
kept  in  a perfectly  dry  situation  till  about 
three  weeks  ago,  when  the  earth  among 
which  it  was  lying  was  frequently  moist- 
ened. It  came  out  in  beautiful  condi- 
I tion. — Ibid. 

; British  Lepidoptera  bred  in  1861. — 

I The  following  is  a list  of  the  species  that 
I have  made  an  appearance  in  my  breeding 
I cages  during  the  present  spring.  The 
date  given  at  the  end  of  each  indicates 
I the  appearance  of  the  first  specimen  of 
I the  species. 

Smerinthus  Populi.  May  5. 

Euchelia  Jacobeae.-  Do. ; from  larvee 
feeding  on  ragwort,  West  Wickham. 


Arctia  Urlicse.  April  30. 

Lithosia  Rubricollis.  From  larval  feed- 
ing on  oak.  West  Wickham  and  Darenth. 

Orgyia  Pudibunda.  March  31 ; from 
larvae  feeding  on  oak,  birch,  &c., Darenth 
and  West  Wickham. 

Saturnia  Carpini.  March  31. 

Selenia  Illunaria.  February  12;  from 
larvae  feeding  on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

Amphidasis  Betularia.  April  26;  from 
larvae  feeding  on  oak,  birch,  sallow,  &c.. 
West  Wickham  and  Darenth. 

Boarmia  Consorlaria.  April  18  ; from 
larvae  feeding  on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

Tephrosia  Crepuscularia.  February  1 ; 
do. 

T.  Binndularia.  February  20;  do. 

T.  Extersaria.  April  30 ; from  larvae 
feeding  on  birch.  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

T.  Punctulata.  April  10;  from  larvae 
feeding  on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

lodis  Lactearia.  April  2;  from  larvae 
feeding  on  oak.  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

Ephyra  Porata.  April  10;  from  larvae 
feeding  on  birch.  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

E.  Punctaria.  April  2;  from  larvae 
feeding  on  oak  and  birch.  West  Wick- 
ham and  Darenth. 

E.  Pendularia.  April  3;  West  Wick- 
ham. 

Macaria  Notata.  May  1 ; larvae  feed- 
ing on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

Numeria  Pulveraria.  April  25. 

Fidonia  Atomaria.  April  13  ; larvffi 
feeding  on  heath.  West  Wickham. 

Cidaria  Corylata.  April  8;  larvie  feed- 
ing on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

Platypteryx  Lacerlula  April  5;  do. 

P.  Falcula.  April  12 ; do. 

Cerura  V inula.  April  26;  from  larvae 
feeding  on  sallow,  poplar  and  willow, 
Darenth. 

Clostera  Reclusa.  April  3 ; larv$  feed- 
ing on  aspen,  Darenth. 

Notodonta  Cameliua.  April  18  ; larvae 
on  oak  and  birch.  West  Wickham. 


52 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


N.  DictEBa.  April  23 ; larvae  feeding 
on  aspen  and  sallow,  Darenth. 

N.  Droinedarius.  April  16;  larvae 
feeding  on  birch,  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

Toeniocampa  Siahilis.  March  7 ; larvae 
feeding  on  oak,  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

T.  Cruda.  February  28  ; larvEe  feed- 
ing on  oak.  West  Wickham. 

Euplexia  Lucipara.  April  30;  larv® 
feeding  on  birch  and  oak.  West  Wickham 
and  Darenth. 

Abrostola  Urticae.  April  22;  larvae 
feeding  on  nettles,  Darenth. 

A.  Triplasia.  May  2;  do. 

Herminia  Barbalis.  April  8. 

Halias  Prasinana.  March  29;  larvte 
feeding  on  oak.  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

My  captures  of  Lepidoptera  in  the 
perfect  state  during  the  last  two  months 
have  been  very  meagre,  having  looked 
after  night-feeding  larvae  more  than  the 
perfect  insects.  From  my  experience 
during  my  various  nocturnal  visits  to  the 
woods  and  heaths,  I have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  there  is  every  prospect  of  the 
season  of  1861  being  a prolific  one.  As 
I do  not  know  with  any  certainty  many 
species  of  the  Noctus  and  Geometraj 
larvae  I have  taken,  I am  compelled  to 
wait  till  the  images  make  their  appear- 
ance before  noticing  them.  — Thomas 
Huckett,26,  Britannia  Roiv,  Islington  ; 
May  6,  1861. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Coleoptera  recently  taken  in  North- 
umberland.— 

Lampiias  chlorocephala, 

Cychrus  rostratus, 

Badister  hipustulatus, 

Abax  striola, 

Pterostichus  parumpunctatus, 
Amara  acuminata, 

...  orichalcica, 

...  spinipes. 


Bradycellus  harpalinus, 

Beinbidium  testaceum, 

...  paludosum, 

Tachypus  flavipes, 

Creopbilus  maxillosus, 

Staphylinus  pubescens, 

...  erythropteriis, 

Ocypus  bruuuipes, 

...  morio, 

Philonthus  laminates, 

...  decorus, 

...  politus, 

Xantholinus  glabralus, 

...  tricolor, 

Olophum  piceiim, 

Silpha  thoracica, 

...  rugosa, 

Aphodius  scybalarius, 

...  inquinatus, 

Sinodendrou  cylindricum, 
Cratonychus  rufipes, 

Cteorhinus  geminatus, 

Cleouus  sulcirostris, 

Alophus  triguttatus, 

Hypera  punctata, 

Rhagium  bifasciatum, 

Chrysomela  sanguinolenta. 

I dug  Rhagium  bi  fasciatum  out  of  Scotch 
pine  and  willow  (it  has  also  been  taken 
out  of  oak),  in  both  which  woods  the 
larva  was  abundant,  mostly  full  fed, 
though  some  few  were  quite  young.  I 
found  also  in  the  bores  a number  of  per- 
fect insects,  to  all  appearance  fresh,  but 
when  touched  they  crumbled  to  pieces  in 
a state  of  complete  rottenness.  They 
were  probably  last  year’s  insects,  which, 
through-  the  wetness  of  the  season,  had 
been  prevented  from  making  their  escape. 
— V.  R.  Perkins,  Bank  of  England, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Cossus  Ligniperda. — The  assemblage 
of  the  larvae  of  this  moth  in  the  manner 
described  by  “ W.  T.  R.,”  in  the  ‘ Intelli- 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


53 


gencer’  of  the  13th  of  April,  is,  I believe, 
not  uncomtnon.  During  the  last  two  or 
three  years  I have  met  with  similar  in- 
stances, principally  under  the  bark  of  the 
oak  tree.  In  two  instances  I took  the 
larviE  from  the  trees  and  put  them  in 
some  dead  oak  wood,  having  first  bored 
holes  in  it,  and  put  the  whole  into  a 
large  flower-pot,  covering  it  over  with 
perforated  zinc.  The  larvse,  in  every 
case  were  of  three  sizes.  They  remained 
in  the  flower-pot  for  about  eight  months, 
and  then  disappeared,  but  where  they 
went  to  I could  never  find  out,  neither 
did  I find  any  pupae  or  dead  larvae  in 
the  wood.  As  there  appears  to  be  a 
donbt  whether  the  larvaa  really  does  go 
three  years  in  that  state,  I think  it  would 
be  worth  while  for  entomologists  to  give 
this  matter  their  attention  ; I shall  cer- 
tainly do  so,  if  I am  fortunate  enough  to 
obtain  some  ova  of  the  moth  this  season. 
I know  of  a birch  tree  where  the  trunk, 
for  the  height  of  about  five  feet,  is  com- 
pletely riddled  by  this  larva,  and  is 
gradually  decaying.  I also  have  found 
them  in  the  common  chestnut;  but  in 
every  case  I have  not  succeeded  in  rear- 
ing a single  moth,  and  I am  not  able  to 
account  for  this,  unless  it  is  that  I ought 
to  give  them  green  wood  to  live  in,  and 
not  dead. — A.  J.  H. ; April  29,  1861. 

Cossus  Ligniperda. — I would  caution 
those  who  intend  to  breed  this  insect  to 
mind  the  larvae  are  kept  in  close  quarters, 
otherwise  they  are  apt  to  prove  trouble- 
some. When  I commenced  collecting, 
some  years  ago,  before  I was  aware  of 
the  “ warmint’s  ” vicious  propensities, 
I put  about  fifteen  or  sixteen  in  a strong 
deal  box,  and  supplied  them  with  eim 
bark,  thinking  they  would  get  on  very, 
well ; but,  to  my  surprise,  when  I paid 
my  next  visit  I found  most  of  them  had 
emigrated,  and,  on  a further  search,  they 
were  discovered  among  some  books, 
which  they  were  devouring  apparently 
with  the  greatest  gusto.  I have  just 
heard  a case  of  a geutleman,  who,  having 


found  a full-grown  larva,  and  being 
desirous  of  seeing  what  it  would  turn  to, 
placed  it  in  a cigar-box,  which  he  left 
standing  on  a very  nice  piano.  During 
the  night  it  gnawed  through  the  bottom 
of  the  box  and  the  top  of  the  piano,  and 
when  he  went  to  look  at  it  in  the  morning 
he  found  it  had  gone  on  a voyage  of 
discovery  into  the  inner  regions. — W.  H. 
Harwood,  Colchester ; April  30,  1861. 

Ahana  Myrtilli. — From  my  experience 
I should  certainly  say  that  the  end  of 
April  is  the  usual  time  for  the  first  ap- 
pearance of  A.  Myrtilli ; it  is  not  double- 
brooded,  although  the  early  larvae  may 
occasionally  produce  the  perfect  insect 
the  same  year.  I bred  it  i'reely  last 
season  from  larvae  taken  in  September 
and  October,  1869:  the  first  imago  ap- 
peared ou  the  19th  of  April  and  the  last 
on  the  3rd  of  September.  I have  also 
taken  it  these  last  four  years  in  April ; 
on  the  16th  of  May,  1868,  I saw  it  in 
abundance  at  Wickham  Heathfield;  on 
the  29th  of  April,  1860,  I caught  one  in 
the  lane  near  there;  and  on  the  6th  of 
May  captured  several  on  Shirley  Com- 
mon, and  at  night,  when  sweeping  the 
heath  for  larvae,  found  many  in  my  net. 
This  year  I have  also  met  with  it  at  the 
same  place,  as  I swept  one  on  the  20th 
of  April ; others  were  also  taken  at  the 
same  time  in  fine  condition  by  my  friends. 
— D.T.  Button,  PecJcham  Rye ; May  11, 
1861. 

Anarta  Myrtilli  in  April. — I took  two 
specimens  of  this  species  on  the  28th  of 
last  month,  while  sweeping  for  larvae 
on  Shirley  Heath.  The  occurrence  of 
A.  Myrtilli  in  April  is  not  unusual; 
at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Haggerstone 
Entomological  Society  several  gentlemen 
informed  me  they  had  often  taken  it  in 
that  month. — T.  Huckexx,  26,  Britannia 
Row,  Islington  ; May  14,  1861. 

Achroia  Grisella. — I examined  several 
bee-hives  last  autumn,  in  search  of  this 
species : I found  one  imago  in  a very 
dilapidated  condition,  some  cocoons  that 


54 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


had  been  vacated,  others  which  produced 
perfect  insects  in  about  three  weeks,  and 
a few  larvEB.  Two  of  the  last  have 
hibernated,  and  will  in  all  probability 
shortly  go  into  cocoon.  I can  now 
account  for  the  appearance  of  the  spe- 
cies in  new  hives  (see  Intell.  No.  210). 
— Thomas  Fyles,  Scatter,  Kirton-in- 
Lindsey ; May  13,  1861. 

Tinea  Ochraceella. — The  nests  of  For- 
mica Rufa,  which  abound  near  Rannoch, 
many  of  them  three  feet  high,  and  eight 
or  ten  in  circumference,  were  a source  of 
great  interest,  not  only  as  wonderful 
monuments  of  patient  labour,  but  as  con- 
taining that  singular  and  local  insect. 
Tinea  Ochraceella.  I am  sorry  to  say 
we  overthrew  many  nests,  and  entailed 
sad  trouble  on  the  industrious  owners, 
before  we  hit  upon  the  right  method  of 
capturing  the  moth,  which,  for  the  use 
of  future  visitors  and  for  the  protection 
of  the  unfortunate  ants,  I beg  to  say  is 
to  search  the  stems  of  grass  around  the 
nests  late  at  night  with  a lantern,  or 
early  in  the  morning  before  the  sun  is 
hot,  when  the  insect  may  be  taken  in 
the  greatest  profusion,  whilst  during  the 
day  a whole  nest  may  be  rooted  up  and 
only  a solitary  specimen  disturbed  from 
its  recesses. — E.  Bibo  hail.  (From  the 
‘‘Zoologist,’  p.  7520.) 

Effects  of  the  past  Season  upon  Insect- 
life. — A few  days  ago  I dug  into  an  old 
wall,  and  turned  out  a group  of  cells  of 
the  bee  Anthophora  acervorum.  The 
group  consisted  of  fourteen  cells,  eleven 
of  which  we're  found  to  contain  defunct 
examples  of  Sitaris  humeralis  in  an  un- 
developed state.  These  parasites  ought 
to  have  become  fully  developed  and 
made  their  appearance  the  previous 
autumn,  and  had  the  season  been  one  of 
an  ordinary  character  they  undoubtedly 
would  have  done  so ; as  it  was,  however, 
they  appear  to  have  been  brought  to  the 
very  point  of  emerging  from  the  pupa 
state,  and  then  to  have  died.  Three  of 
the  cells  contained  e.vamples  of  the 


proper  tenant,  Anthophora  acervorum, 
which  were  also  found  to  have  arrived 
just  at  the  point  of  assuming  the  perfect 
state,  and  then  to  have  perished.  The 
remaining  cell  contained  a number  of 
larvae  of  Monodontomerus  nitidus,  and 
these  were  the  only  living  objects  in  the 
whole  group.  Subsequent  investigations 
have  shown  that  the  above  is  not  an  ex- 
ceptional case,  but  that  such  instances 
are  in  this  neighbourhood  of  general 
occurrence,  and  that  upon  colonies  of 
Osmia  rufa,  and  probably  of  other  spe- 
cies, the  season  has  produced  effects 
equally  disastrous. — S.  Stone,  Bright- 
hampton,  Witney  ; May  8,  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Larva  of  Dasychira  Fascelina. — During 
the  past  week  I have  supplied  a number 
of  gentlemen  with  this  curious  larva: 
I have  still  about  eight  dozen  on  hand, 
and  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  one 
wanting  them,  and  who  can  give  me 
larvae  of  any  of  the  following  (as  num- 
bered in  the  Appendix  to  Stainton’s 
‘ Manual  ’),  which  are  said  to  occur 
next  month: — Nos.  128,  131,  134,  150, 
151,155,156,  157,  161,  162,  190,  195, 
197,  198,  200,  245,  316,  346,  365,  370, 
372,  394,  399,  409,  412,  421,422,424, 
426,438,470.— T.  Galliers,  9,  Brenton 
Street,  Liverpool;  May  7,  1861. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

The  Genera  Coriscium  and  Ornix. 

In  the  genus  Coriscihm  there  is  at 
present  but  one  larva  with  which  we  are 
unacquainted,  that  of  Coriscium  Sul- 
phurellum.  The  perfect  insect  occurs 
freely  in  the  New  Forest,  and  also  at 
Scarborough : it  appears  late  in  autumn, 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


55 


and  hybernating  is  met  with  in  the 
spring,  thus  resembling  in  hahit  Graci- 
laria  Stigmatella,  hut  we  have  no  clue  to 
the  habit  of  the  larva.  Of  its  congeners 
one,  Cueulipennellum,  forms  cones  on  the 
leaves  of  privet,  the  other,  Brongniar- 
dellum,  forms  flat  mines  on  the  upper 
surface  of  oak  leaves. 

In  the  genus  Ornix,  since  the  list  of 
wants  appeared  in  ‘ Intelligencer,’  vol.  ix. 
p.  197,  one  has  been  supplied ; for  we 
have  bred  several  specimens  of  O.  Tor- 
quilella  from  larvas  on  sloe,  received  last 
summer  from  Herr  Hofmann  ; but  re- 
ferring to  the  list  already  given  we  shall 
still  be  glad  of  any  of  the  following 
larvae ; — 

16.  O.  Finitimella.  On  sloe. 

17.  O.  Anguliferella.  On  pear. 

18.  0.  Ampliatella.  Larva  at  present 
unknown. 

19.  O.  Scutulatella.  On  birch. 

20.  0.  Devoniella.  Larva  at  present 
unknown. 

21.  0.  Pfaffenzelleri.  Do. 

22.  0.  Cselalella.  Do. 

23.  O.  Interruptella.  Do. 

24.  O.  Caudiilatella.  Do. 

25.  0.  Polygrammella, If'oc^e,  N.s.  Do. 

16.  0.  Finitimella.  First  described  by 
Zeller,  in  the  ‘Ent.  Zeitung,’  1860, 
p.  162,  is  reputed  to  feed  on  sloe. 
Herrich-Schaflfer  says,  “ Bred  from  hazel 
and  hawthorn,”  but  Frey  says,  “The 
larva  with  us  feeds  on  sloe ; I have 
found  it  plentifully  on  the  borders  of 
woods  in  September  and  October.”  The 
perfect  insect  comes  very  near  to  Angli- 
cella. 

17.  O.  Anguliferella.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  distinct-looking  species  of  the 
group,  and  is  historically  interesting  as 
the  first  that  was  separated  from  the 
group  of  Meleagripennella,  fourteen  years 
ago.  Dr.  Wocke  finds  the  species  in 
gardens  at  Breslau  in  May,  and  again  at 


the  end  of  July  and  beginning  of  August. 
The  larva  he  finds  on  the  leaves  of  pear 
trees;  the  fact  is  not  stated,  but  pro- 
bably it  forms  cones  like  those  of  O. 
Anglicella  on  hawthorn. 

18.  O.  Ampliatella.  The  largest  and 
palest  of  the  group  was  colleeted  by  Herr 
Mann,  in  Croatia,  in  May,  1849.  The 
larva  should  be  industriously  sought 
for  hy  those  who  have  opportunities  of 
exploring  the  South-East  of  Europe. 

19.  O.  Scutulatella.  The  species  is 
not  uneoramon  on  the  Dartford  Heath 
fenee.  Dr.  Wocke  breeds  it  from  birch, 
and  finds  it  equally  plentiful  with 
O.  Betulce ; he  does  not,  however,  state 
whether  there  is  any  difference  in  the 
habit  of  the  two  larvae. 

20.  0.  Devoniella.  This  species  rests 
still  upon  the  single  specimen  taken 
amongst  birch,  hazel  and  hornbeam,  in  a 
lane  near  Dawlish,  Devonshire,  May  1, 
1850. 

21.  O.  Pfaffenzelleri.  This  has  only 
occurred  in  some  of  the  Alpine  valleys  of 
Switzerland,  where  it  occurs  the  begin- 
ning of  June.  It  has  considerable  re- 
semblance with  O.  Interruptella. 

22.  O.  Codatella.  Described  by  Zeller,, 
in  an  Appendix  to  his  Monograph  of  the 
Gracilariidcefm  the  second  volume  of  the 
‘ Linnaea  Entomologica  ’ (p.  586),  from  a 
single  specimen  taken  in  May,  at  Mon- 
tenero,  in  Tuscany,  by  Herr  Mann;  he 
subsequently  saw  a Styrian  specimen. 
No  other  specimens  known. 

23.  O.  Interruptella.  Was  taken  in 
some  plenty  in  Lapland,  last  summer, 
by  Dr.  Staudinger. 

24.  0.  Caudulatella.  A conspicuous 
species,  but  though  described  as  far  back 
as  1839,  still  a very  great  rarity.  It  has 
occurred  at  Ofen,  at  Glogau,  at  Posen, 
&c.,  in  May,  June  and  the  beginning  of 
July.  Zeller  once  took  it  amongst  Salix 
alba,  whilst  collecting  Tortrix  Hart- 
manniana. 

25.  O.  Polygrammella.  Collected  by 
Dr.  Wocke  in  Lapland  last  summer;  the 


66 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


larva  is  supposed  to  feed  on  Dclula 
nana. 


AN  INVITATION  TO  THE  WOODS. 

Come  to  the  wild  woods,  come  away, 

Now  tlie  sun  is  bright,  in  the  month  of 
May, 

And  the  mated  birds,  in  boist’roiis  glee, 
Fill  the  wide  heavens  with  harmony  ; 
Now  the  breezes  shake  the  hyacinth  bells. 
And  the  pale  anemone  whitens  the  dells. 
And  young  leaves  whisper  a soothing  tale, 
And  all  is  joy,  and  light,  and  love — 

For  the  azure  heaven  is  smiling  above. 
And  the  green  earth  laughs  for  sympathy. 

Come  where  the  Hair-streak*  flutters  by 
Like  a living  leaf ; where  the  butterfly  f 
Whose  snowy  wings  are  dash’d  with  green. 
And  with  rich  orange  tipp’d,  is  seen  ; 
Where  the  Chequer’d  Skipper,  J as  you 
tread, 

Springs  lightly  from  its  grassy  bed; 

And  Clouded-border  Moths  § unfold 
Their  tender  wings  of  speekled  gold  ; 
Where  Fuciformis  quivers  round 
The  stems  with  honeysuckle  bound  ; 

And,  like  a fragment  from  the  sky, 

Sw'eet  Alexis  gambols  by  ; 

Where  Faleula,  whose  hooked  wings 
Have  eye-like  spots,  to  the  birch  leaf 
clings; 

While  near  it,  where  the  catkins  play, 
Papilionaria  larvae  stray,  ^ • 

Mid  forms  like  their  own  safe  to  be 
From  prowling  Ichneumonidce, 

From  the  busy  tit  that  twitters  near, 

And  other  foes  they  have  to  fear. 

Oh,  come  to  the  wild  woods,  eome  away, 
Now  the  sun  is  bright,  in  the  month  of 
May ! 

Come,  for  a thousand  sights  shall  cheer 
Your  eye— a thousand  sounds  your  ear! 

T.  F. 

* Theda  Rubi.  t Thymele  Alveolus. 

+ Antbocharis  Cardamines.  2 Venilia  Maculata. 


COLLECTION  FOR  SALE.— A 
Gentleman,  who  has  no  longer  time 
to  devote  to  the  study  of  Entomology, 
wishes  to  dispose  of  a small  Collection  of 
British  T,epidoptera,  comprising  about 
400  specimens. 

Can  be  seen,  on  application  to  the 
Housekeeper,  at  52,  Gracechurch  Street. 


To  Entomologists. 

Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to 
announce  that  he  will  Sell  by 
Auction,  at  his  Great  Room,  .38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  on  Thursday, 
May  23,  at  half-past  Twelve  precisely, 
SEVERAL  SMALL  COLLECTIONS 
of  BRITISH  LEPIDOPTERA  and 
INSECTS  of  OTHER  ORDERS,  and 
a few  Foreign,  mostly  in  a fine  state  of 
preservation,  and  many  scarce,  together 
with  four  Mahogany  and  other  Cabinets, 
corked  and  glazed,  and  a few  Ento- 
mological Books. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be 
had  on  application. 


The  le pidopterist’s 

CALENDAR.  By  Joseph 
Meerin.  Price  Is.  6d.;  cloth  2s. 

“ On  the  whole  we  are  of  opinion  that 
this  volume  will  be  found  very  serviceable 
to  all  that  numerous  class  who  have  not 
already  learned  everything  by  their  own  ex- 
perience.”— Entomologist's  Intelligencer. 

“ To  those  who  have  only  collected  the 
perfect  insect,  we  recommend  this  Ca- 
lendar as  opening  up  to  them  a higher 
source  of  interest  and  instruction,  in  ob- 
serving the  forms  and  habits  of  the  earlier 
conditions  of  the  various  species  of  Lepi- 
d optera .” — Athenaeum . 

London:  E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire 
Street,  Bishopsgate.  Sent  on  receipt  of 
Is.  Qd.  or  2s.  in  postage  stamps  by  the 
Publisher,  or  the  Author,  Gloucester. 


Now  ready,  price  2s.  Qd.,  cloth  gill,  a 
Second  Edition  of 

The  INSECT  HUNTERS.  By 
Edward  Newman,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 
London  : John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Ed\vab.d  Newman”, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  May  18,1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  242.]  SATUEDAY,  MAY  25,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


CLIMATE. 


It  is  a common  remark  amongst  Con- 
tinental Lepidopterists  that  species  are 
more  variable  here  than  in  France  or 
Germany,  and  that  of  some  species 
which  on  the  Continent  always  preserve 
a very  uniform  character  it  is  very . 
difficult  to  find  two  British  specimens 
alike.  Why  is  this? 

Mr.  Birchall,  on  visiting  Rannoch 
last  summer,  appears  to  have  been 
“ much  struck  with  the  great  variation 
from  ordinary  southern  forms  of  many 
of  the  Rannoch  Lepidoptera”  (Zoologist, 
p.  7621).  It  may  well  puzzle  a wise 
man  why  Xi/lophasia  Polyodon  should 
generally  be  blacker  in  Scotland  than 
in  England,  whilst  Fidonia  Piniaria 
is  always  whiter  on  the  northern  side 
of  the  border. 

Mr.  Birchall  suggests  that  if  collec- 
tions, in  which  the  “ whole  row  system  ” 
prevails,  were  arranged,  not  according 
to  the  present  pyramidal  plan  of  the 
little  one  at  the  top  and  the  big  one 
at  the  bottom,  but  according  to  the 
locality  of  capture,  much  benefit  to 
Science  would  arise  from  such  an  in- 


novation, though  we  much  fear  that 
to  those  of  conservative  tendencies  it 
would  hardly  be  palatable. 

Why  should  not  the  rows  commence 
with  specimens  taken  south  of  the 
Thames;  then  would  follow  those  cap- 
tured between  the  Thames  and  the 
Humber;  then  those  from  the  district 
between  the  Humber  and  the  Tyne ; 
then  those  from  between  the  Tyne  and 
the  Tweed;  then  the  Scotch  specimens 
south  of  Forth  and  Clyde;  then  those 
from  the  north  of  those  rivers,  but 
south  of  the  Caledonian  Canal;  and, 
lastly,  those  north  of  the  Caledonian 
Canal. 

A series  of  each  species  in  a genus 
thus  arranged  geographically  would 
have  a most  instructive  appearance, 
and  if  the  specimens  from  the  same 
latitudes  be  kept  in  parallel  columns, 
as  they  would  be  by  the  “whole-row 
system,”  it  would  be  so  easy  to  com- 
pare the  forms  of  allied  species  in  the 
same  localities:  the  Scotch  Aplecla 
Tincta  would  be  placed  by  the  side  of 
the  Scotch  Nehulosa  and  the  Scotch 
Occulta,  whilst  at  the  top  of  the  same 
rows  would  be  seen  the  same  insects 
from  the  New  Forest. 


I 


58 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Is  it  too  late  for  some  to  burn 
their  collections,  and  begin  de  novo  P 
Such  a misfortune  would  be  the  greatest 
blessing  that  could  happen. 

Mr.  Birchall  asks,  “ Why  should  the 
colours  of  Lepidoptera  be  usually  darker 
in  Scotland  and  Ireland  than  in  Eng- 
land?” The  first  answer  that  suggests 
itself  is,  “ Owing  to  the  greater  moisture 
in  Scotland  and  Ireland.”  But  if  any 
one  asks,  “Why  moisture  should  pro- 
duee  intensity  of  colour?”  we  confess 
we  are  unable  to  assign  a reason. 

If  moisture  has  anything  to  do 
with  it,  then  we  ought  to  find  the 
same  difference  between  Devonian  and 
Kentish  specimens.  But  do  we  find 
it? 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
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All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
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Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
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s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


59 


Mr.  Stain  TON  has  left  home  for  Ger- 
many : letters  for  the  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ are 
to  be  addressed  to  him  at  Mountsfield 
as  usual;  he  remarked  to  us  before 
leaving  that  “ he  hoped  the  readers  of 
the  ‘ Intelligencer’  would  furnish  a good 
supply  of  observations  and  notices  of 
captures,  so  that  our  labours  during  his 
absence  might  be  minimized.” 


Change  of  Address.  — After  the 
26th  of  May  my  address  will  be — 
W.  Lennon,  2,  New  Market  Street, 
Dumfries;  May  18,  1861. 

Change  of  Address. — Having  left 
Pond  Place,  my  address  wilj  be  as 
under: — Joseph  Chappell,  2,  Duke 
Street,  Hulme,  Manchester . 


TO  COERESPONDENTS. 

W.  F.  K. — Drop  the  false  species,  and 
thus  avoid  reminding  every  one  of  their 
sins. 

G.  G.  M.,  Frankfort.  — Larv®  of 
Buc.  Gnaphaliella  and  Coleophora  Mus- 
culelLa  safely  received.  Thanks. 

F.  H.,  Regensburg. — Thanks  for  the 
larvae  of  Depressaria  Culcitella. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopiera. 

Hermaphrodite  Anthocharis  Carda- 
mines.  — In  setting  some  females  of 
A.  Cardamines,  which  I took  yesterday 
in  the  Bollin  Valley,  I observed  that 
one  of  them,  though  a thorough  female 
in  all  other  respects,  has  a bright  distinct 
stripe  of  the  male’s  orange  on  the  right 
fore  wing. — E.  M.  Geldart,  Rose  Hill, 
Bowdon,  Cheshire;  May  14,  1861. 


Captures  near  Manchester.  — During 
the  last  three  weeks  we  have  taken  the 
following: — 

• Emmelesia  Albulata.  In  meadows. 

Xanthia  Citrago  (larva). 

Apamea  Unanimis.  Bred  from  larva. 

Coccyx  Argyrana  (imago).  On  oaks. 

Incurvaria  Masculella.  ^ 

Micropteryx  Subpurpurella. 

Argyresthia  Nitidella  (larva). 

Lithocolletis  Alnifoliella  (imago). 

Gracilaria  Syringella. 

Ornix  Avellanaecolella. 

Elachista  Rufocinerea. 

— Joseph  Chappell,  2,  Duke  Street; 
W.  Worthington,  10,  Meredith  Street, 
Hulme,  Manchester ; May  20,  1861. 

Coleoptera. 

Captures  of  Coleoptera  near  Man- 
chester.— We  have  taken  the  following 
during  the  past  three  weeks : — 

Dromius  linearis 
Clivina  fossor 
...  collaris 
Notiopbilus  aquaticus 
...  palustris 

Patrobus  excavatiis 
Anchomenus  marginatus 
...  Isevis 

...  moBstus 

Carabus  nitens 
Harpalus  seneus 
...  ruficornis 
...  fulvipes 
Trechus  micros 
...  rubens 
...  minutus 
...  secalis 

Bembidium  rufescens  • 

...  guttula 

...  femoratum 

...  littorale 

...  monticulum 

...  doris 

Tachypus  flavipes 
Ilybius  uliginosus 
Hydroporus  planus 
Stilicus  rufipes 


60 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Oxytelus  rugosus 
Lesteva  bicolor 
Staphjlinus  Csesarius 
Pbilonthus  splendens 
...  laininatus 
...  reneus 
Hister  slercorarius 
Epuvaea  aestiva 
Meligethes  rufipes 
...  viridescens 
Rhizophagus  bipustulatus 
Aphodius  iiiquinatus 
...  prodromus 
Liinoiiius  cylindricus 
Cryptohypnus  riparius 
Coryinbites  Quevcus 
Rbinosiimis  ruficollis 
...  planiroslris 
Sitones  hispidulus 
...  Hueatus 
...  sulcifroiis 
Hylurgus  piiiiperda. 

— J.  Chappell  & W.  Worthington. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Ctenonympha  Davits. — Duncan  gives 
Ashdown  Forest,  in  Sussex,  as  a locality 
for  this  species.  Can  any  one  confirm 
the  statement? — W F.  Kieby;  May  \Q. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus. — By  Mr.  Stone’s 
notice  of  the  discovery  of  a pupa  of  this 
insect,  at  this  time  of  the  year,  I should 
suppose  he  considers  it  an  extraordinary 
event.  From  my  own  experience  I can 
assure  him  that  in  the  North  (and,  for 
anything  I know,  wherever  it  abounds), 
by  t;aking  the  grassy  banks  in  the  .spring, 
yon  may  obtain  plenty  of  the  cocoons 
containing  living  pupEB.  It  also  happens 
that  nine  out  of  ten  of  these  long  sleepers 
bring  forth  males;  and,  as  these  images 
invariably  come  forth  a day  or  so  before 
those  which  have  only  remained  in  pupae 
a few  weeks,  it  is  doubtless  a provision 
in  order  that  females  should  always  find 
husbands  ready  I'or  them,  and  haVe  no 


chance  of  remaining  in  single  blessed- 
ness. Among  “collecting  breeders”  of 
this  insect,  whenever  any  of  their  larvae 
do  not  seem  to  grow  as  rapidly  as  the 
rest  and  remain  feeding  when  the  others 
have  changed  to  pupae,  they  generally 
throw  them  away,  saying,  “ They  will  not' 
come  out  till  next  year,”  which  is  the 
case.  You  may  also,  by  stinting  a larva 
in  food,  cause  this  astonishing  event,  and 
consign  it  to  an  imprisonment  of  more 
than  a year,  instead  of  one,  or  two,  or 
three  weeks.  Queries. — Is  it  scarcity  of 
food  that  naturally  causes  this?  Is  it 
being  batched  late?  or.  What  is  it? 
— R.  Tyeer,  Crouch  End,  Hornsey; 
May  20,  1861. 

Eupitliecia  Indiyaria  bred. — I have  at 
last  succeeded  in  breeding  Eupilhecia 
Indiyaria.  On  the  29ch  or  30th  of  last 
May  I obtained  three  eggs  from  a female 
taken  at  Delemere;  they  hatched  in  a 
short  time,  and  chose  larch  as  their  food 
from  several  plants  put  for  their  use:  as 
they  did  not  seem  to  do  well  on  this  food 
I gave  them  sallow,  when  about  ten  days 
old,  which  they  seemed  to  enjoy,  and 
the  result  is  that  on  the  12th  inst.  a fine 
male  and  female  came  out.  I believe, 
from  observations  made  since,  that  their 
proper  food  is  heath. — C.  S.  Gregson, 
Kendal;  May '20,  1861. 

Ornix  Fayivora. — In  my  ‘ Tineen  und 
Pteropheron  der  Schweiz,’  I desciibed 
(p.  252)  a new  Ornix  from  caught  speci- 
mens, under  the  erroneous  name  of  Ornix 
Devoniella.  1 have  now  thirty  specimens 
of  this  species  bred  from  beech  and  horn- 
beam. The  larva  turns  down  the  edge 
of  the  leaf,  and  is  found  in  September. 
The  perfect  insect  is  easily  recognised  by 
the  ochreous  inner  margin  of  the  anterior 
wings. — Feof.  I lia, y,  Zurich  ; May  10, 
1861. 

Neplicula  Aria,  H.-S. — I have  re- 
ceived from  Herr  Hofmann,  of  Ratisbon, 
some  specimens  of  the  Neplicula  bred 
from  Sorbus  Aria.  It  is  the  species 
which  I formerly  described  under  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCE^v,. 


61 


j name  of  Mespilicola  ; the  name  Ari<e 
( must  therefore  sink.  The  other  species 
described  by  Herrich-Schaffer  (Int.  viii. 
176),  of  which  I now  possess  original 
' specimens,  are  all  good  distinct  species. — 
Ibid. 

! Elachlsta  Nobilella  bred.  — In  the 
! ‘ Linnaea  Entomologica  ’ (vol.  xii.  p.  200) 

' I mentioned  that  I had  bred  a specimen 
! of  this  insect.  I now  know  its  mode  of 
i life.  The  larva,__which  is  slender,  yel- 
lowish, with  a brown  head,  is  nearly  full 
' fed  before  winter,  and  is  found  in  March 
^ in  a species  of  Festuca,  wirich  grows  on 
the  dry  slopes  of  our  mountain  woods, 
f The  mine  is  long  and  white,  and  the 
: larva  often  appears  to  go  from  one  leaf 
j to  another.  The  pu[ia  reminds  one  of 
that  of  JElachista  Gieichenella, — Ibid. 

' Gracilaria  Populetorum. — I have  un- 

! fortunately  no  description  of  the  larva 
i and  habit  of  this  insect,  and  last  year  I 
j sought  for  it  in  vain.  Only  this  much  I 
j do  remember  with  certainty,  that  the 
larva  lived  in  rolled-up  leaves  and  ?ioi  in 
j cones.  I found  it  years  ago  on  young 
[ birch  trees  in  an  open  part  of  the  wood. — 

! Ibid. 

' Gracilaria  Rufipennella  and  Hemi- 
' dacUjlella. — The  larvae  of  both  species 
I occur  here  in  cones  on  Acer  pseudo- 
I platanus,  but  I have  not  been  able  to 
1 distinguish  them.  The  specimens  which 
i you  and  I bred  last  autumn,  from  the 
! mines  which  were  found  here  at  Zurich, 
j are  to  this  day  somewhat  doubtful  with 
! me.  They  possess  the  same  peculiarity 
I in  the  legs  as  in  G.  Rufipennella,  and 
j may  possibly  yet»be  only  one  of  the 
i numerous  varieties  of  that  species.  Be- 
! sides  of  G.  Hemidachjklla  I only  possess 
an  old  specimen  from  Vienna.  I will 
j during  the  present  summer  more  atten- 
tively study  the  cones  on  Acer.  On  Acer 
campestris  we  find  only  G.  semifascia 
here,  and  no  other  species. — Ibid. 

[From  the  last  sentence,  we  presume 
we  were  in  error  in  stating  (p.  24)  that 
Professor  Frey  had  sent  cones  on  maple 

i 


leaves  which  produced  G.  Hemidactylella  ; 
they  must  have  been  cones  on  sycamore^ 

Glyphipteryx  Fischeriella  bred.  — I 
have  this  morning  bred  G.  Fischeriella 
from  the  larva  which  I mentioned  the 
other  day  as  suspected  to  be  this  species ; 
the  larva  lives  in  the  seeds  of  Daciylis 
glomerala  and  various  other  grasses.  I 
first  found  the  larva  on  the  19th  of 
August,  I860,  nearly  full  fed;  you  can 
see  little  or  no  trace  of  the  larva  unless 
you  collect  some  of  the  seed-heads  and 
put  them  into  a glass,  and  look  at  them 
in  a day  or  two;  you  will  then  see  where 
they  are  at  work. — T.  Wilkinson,  Cliff 
Bridge  Terrace,  Scarborough  ; May  17, 
1861. 

Chrysoclisla  Flavicaput  bred.  — The 
larva  of  this  species  feeds  in  the  interior 
of  hawthorn  twigs,  and  changes  to  the 
pupa  state  in  situ,  so  that  the  pupae  may 
be  readily  collected.  Mr.  Simmons  sent 
me  some  pupae  at  the  beginning  of  April, 
and  pointed  out  that  an  oval  opening  in 
the  side  of  the  twig  indicates  the  locus  of 
the  inhabitant.  Fibm  the  consideration 
of  these  pupte  and  their  habitat  I sus- 
pected that  they  would  produce  Chryso- 
clisla Flavicaput,  and  this  conjecture  has 
been  satisfactorily  confirmed,  Mr.  Archer, 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  having 
bred  the  perfect  insect,  which  is  now  ap- 
pearing here  from  hawthorn  twigs  for- 
warded by  Mr.  Archer.— H.T.  Stainton  ; 
May  18,  1861. 

Cecidomyia  Salicis,  Schrank. — In  May 
last  I gave  some  account  of  the  gall-gnat 
(C.rosaria)  that  is  instrumental  in  form- 
ing the  rose-like  galls  on  the  willows.  I 
have  lately  hatched  another  of  the  willow 
gall-gnats,  whose  economy  is  difi'erent : 
this  is  the  C.  Salicis.  By  the  operation 
of  this  gnat  the  twig  is  made  to  assume 
a rounded  woody  knot.  The  twig  con- 
tinues indeed  to  grow  beyond  the  knot, 
but  from  the  juices  being  appropriated 
it  is  sickly  and  struggles  for  existence. 
Meantime  the  knot  becomes  the  home  of 
the  larva;  through  the  autumn  and 


62 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


winter;  here  they  feed  in  the  heart  of 
the  gall,  as  many  as  six  or  eight  in  com- 
pany, till  their  larva-life  is  at  an  end, 
when  they  assume  their  pupa  stage,  not 
to  emerge  from  their  bark-covered  knot 
till  the  month  of  May.  Still  they  have 
instinctively  consumed  the  wood  here 
and  there  quite  up  to  the  bark,  so  that 
the  gall-gnats  may  the  more  readily  effect 
their  exit.  Through  these  tiny  apertures 
the  insect  forces  its  way,  leaving  its  cere- 
clothes  in  the  hole.  But  I hasten  to 
give  the  description  of  the  imago,  which 
I copy  in  part  from  Professor  Loew’s 
‘ Monograph  on  the  Cecidomyiae,’  in 
part  from  Mr.  Walker’s  ‘ Diptera  ’ : — 
C.  Salicis.  “ After  death  nearly  alto- 
gether brown.  In  life  the  abdomen  of 
the  female  deep  blood-red,  or  with  broad 
bands  of  the  same.  Under  side  with 
a few  spots  on  the  thorax.  Abdomen 
silvery  below,  with  rings  of  white  glisten- 
ing hairs.  Wings  dusky.  Oviduct  long 
and  pointed,  orange-coloured,  not  fading 
after  death.”  The  insect  seems,  according 
to  Mr.  Walker,  to  be  met  with  in  Eng- 
land, Scotland  and  Ireland,  forming 
woody  galls  on  the  twigs  of  Salix  aurita 
and  C,  cinerea,  and  more  rarely  on  those 
of  S.  Caprcea,  on  which  mine  have 
occurred.  — Peter  Inchbald,  Storthes 
Hall,  near  Huddersfield ; May  14,  1861 . 

SyrphidcB.  — The  woods  in  May  are 
merry  with  the  hoverer-flies;  we  see  them 
at  every  turn,  hovering  motionless  in  the 
air,  like  the  kestrel  among  birds,  in 
search  of  their  mates,  keeping  up  all  the 
while  a shrill  continuous  humming.  The 
earlier  stages  of  the  Syrphida  are  worthy 
of  consideration.  The  eggs  of  not  a few 
are  laid  by  the  parent  insect  on  the 
leaves  of  such  plants  as  are  infested  with 
Aphides ; here  they  hatch,  and  the  grubs 
prove  as  formidable  enemies  to  the  plant- 
lice  as  the  larvae  of  the  lacewing-fly 
itself.  Their  form  is  leech-like ; after  the 
manner  of  other  dipterous  larvae,  they  are 
not  furnished  with  feet  or  eyes;  these,  in- 
deed, they  do  not  .seem  to  need,  as  they 


have  only  to  stretch  their  lithe  form 
to  get  at  their  stupid  prey.  Reaumur 
has  described  with  some  minuteness  their 
organ  of  suction;  it  consists  exteriorly, 
he  says,  of  a three-pointed  barb  open  at 
the  end,  and  furnished  with  a sucker. 
The  barb  serves  to  pierce  the  skin  and 
the  sucker  to  pump  up  the  juices  of  the 
body  of  the  Aphis;  this  piston-movement 
is  continued  till  nothing  remains  of  the 
victim  but  the  dry  and  shrivelled  skin. 
When  the  larva  is  full-grown  it  attaches 
itself,  by  means  of  a viscous  fluid,  to 
various  stems  or  twigs  ; the  body  becomes 
curtailed,  but  retains  soujething  of  its 
former  shape.  'The  pupa-case  is  variously 
mottled,  sometimes  with  a chain-work  of 
spots  on  the  back,  sometimes  with  darkish 
dots.  It  is  somewhat  singular  that  the 
imago  makes  its  escape  at  the  thicker 
end  of  the  case,  and  the  empty  cocoons 
may  still  be  seen  adhering  to  the  boles  of 
trees,  more  especially  the  beech.  One  I 
found  last  autumn  was  glued  on  a fern- 
frond,  and  I succeeded  in  hatching  its 
tenant:  another  more  recently  on  one  of 
the  thread-mosses  {Bryum  Cigulatum). 
The  Syrphida  that  are  so  predaceous  in 
the  larva  state  feed  chiefly  in  the  winged 
state  on  the  nectar  of  flowers.  — Ibid  ; 
May  18,  1861. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

The  names  of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — 
X.,  at  lOs.  per  volume,  received  up  to 
Saturday  night.  May  18th  ; — 

1.  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Russell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

6.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  M‘Lachlan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett, C.G. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


63 


9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 

11.  D’Omlle,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 

15.  Wilkinson,  T. 


AGRICULTUEAL  ANTS. 

Not  long  ago  Mr.  Saunders  read  at  the 
Entomological  Society  a notice  of  an  ant 
which  had  a turn  for  Mineralogy  and 
made  collections  of  crystals.  At  the 
meeting  of  the  Linnean  Society,  on  the 
18th  of  April,  a notice  was  communicated 
of  an  agricultural  ant,  which  is  reported 
as  follows  in  the  ‘ Gardeners’  Chronicle’ 
of  Saturday  last: — 

“ Exlraels  from  Letters  addressed  hy 
Gideon  Lincecum,  Esq.,  to  Charles 
Darwin,  Esq.,  on  the  hahit  of  the 
Agricultural  Ant  of  Texas. 

“ The  first  letter  was  dated  Long  Point, 
Texas,  December  29,  I860.  The  species 
of  Formica,  which  Mr.  Lincecum  named 
‘ agricultural,’  was  stated  to  be  a large 
brownish  red  ant,  dwelling  in  paved  cities, 
a farmer,  thrifty  and  healthy,  and  dili- 
gent and  thoughtful,  making  suitable 
and  timely  arrangements  for  the  changing 
seasons.  When  he  selects  a situation 
upon  which  to  locate  a city,  if  on  ordi- 
narily dry  land  he  bores  a hole,  and  sur- 
rounds it  with  a low  circular  mound 
three  or  sometimes  six  inches  high,  its 
outer  limits  three  to  four  feet  from  the 
entrance.  But  if  the  location  is  on  low 
flat  land  liable  to  inundation,  though  the 
ground  may  be  perfectly  dry  when  he 
does  the  work,  he  elevates  his  mound  in 
a sharp  cone  to  the  height  of  fifteen  or 
twenty  inches,  sometimes  even  more, 
and  places  the  entrance  near  the  apex. 
Around  this  he  clears  the  ground  of  all 


obstacles,  and  levels  and  smooths  the 
surface  to  the  distance  of  three  or  four 
feet  from  the  gate  of  the  city.  On  this 
space  not  a spire  of  any  green  thing  is 
permitted  to  grow,  except  a single  species 
of  grain-bearing  grass,  which,  having 
planted,  he  nurses  and  cultivates  with 
constant  care,  cutting  away  all  other 
grasses  and  weeds  that  may  spring  up. 
The  cultivated  grass  grows  luxuriantly, 
producing  a heavy  crop  of  small  white 
flinty  seeds,  which  under  the  microscope 
very  much  resembles  the  rice  of  com- 
merce. When  it  gets  ripe  it  is  carefully 
harvested  and  carried  by  the  workers, 
chaff  and  all,  into  the  granary  cells, 
where  it  is  divested  of  the  chaff  and 
packed  away,  the  chaff  being  taken  out 
and  thrown  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
cleared  space.  In  wet  weather  these 
stores  are  liable  to  become  damp,  and  to 
sprout  and  spoil;  and  if  this  occurs  they 
bring  them  out  to  dry  on  the  first  fair 
day,  carrying  back  all  the  sound  seeds, 
and  leaving  the  sprouted  ones  to  waste. 
Mr.  Lincecum  stated  that  in  the  sand 
beds  overlying  portions  of  rock  in  his 
peach  orchard  there  were  five  cities  of 
these  agricultural  ants — evidently  quite 
ancient  cities — which  he  had  observed  for 
twelve  years.  The  cities  were  invariably 
planted  at  the  proper  season  with  ant 
rice,  and  it  was  accordingly  seen  spring- 
ing up  in  the  farm  circle  every  year 
about  the  1st  of  November.  He  main- 
tained that  there  can  he  no  douht  of  the 
fact  that  the  peculiar  grain-hearing  grass 
was  intentionally  planted. 

“ In  a subsequent  letter,  dated  March  4, 
1861,  replying  to  this  question  from  Mr. 
Darwin  : ‘ Do  you  suppose  the  ants  plant 
seeds  for  the  ensuing  crop?’  Mr.  Lince- 
cum replies: — ‘I  have  not  the  slightest 
doubt  of  it.  I have  at  all  seasons 
watched  the  same  ant  cities  during  the 
last  twelve  years.  I visited  the  same 
cities  yesterday,  and  found  the  crop  of 
ant  rice  growing  finely,  exhibiting  the 
signs  of  high  cultivation.’  ‘ We  have,’  he 


64 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


continues,  ‘ not  only  agricultural  ants  in 
Texas,  but  a species  that  is  a regular 
borticultui'isl.  These  plant  with  shade- 
trees  the  mounds  of  sand  thrown  out 
from  their  cells  and  exteusire  tunnels. 
They  cannot  stand  our  summer  sun,  nor 
travel  over  the  unshaded  plains  to  bring 
in  provision,  and  hence  the  necessity  of 
tunnels  or  under-ground  passages  to  the 
trees  and  patches  of  herbaceous  plants 
that  yield  the  leaves  upon  which  they 
subsist.  The  excavations  sometimes  ex- 
tend outwards  400  or  500  yards.  To 
allow  suflScient  space  for  carrying  a 
piece  of  leaf  through  it  as  wide  as  a 
dime,  or  sometimes  larger,  the  tunnel  is 
generally  an  inch  in  diameter,  termi- 
nating most  commonly  under  a shady 
tree,  or  in  a garden  or  corn  field.  When 
they  enter  a garden  in  this  way  they 
seldom  fail  to  ruin  it,  all  kinds  of  fruit 
trees,  flowering  shrubs  and  garden  vege- 
tables being  trimmed  of  their  leaves.’” — 
Gardeners’  Chronicle,  May  18,  1861. 


[Note  ready,  price  2s.  6d.,  cloth  gill,  a 
Second  Edition  of 

The  insect  hunters.  By 

Edwakd  Newman,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 
“ Unrivalled  as  a First-Book  iu  Ento- 
mology.”— William  Spence. 

“ Undoubtedly  the  best  and  most  useful 
of  Mr.  Newman’s  entomological  works.” 
— H.  T.  Stain  ton. 

London  : Jolm  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Hardy  and  b old’s 

COLEOPTER  A.— I have 
several  copies  of  this  Catalogue  (ex- 
tracted from  the  ‘Transactions  of  the 
Tyneside  Naturalists’ Field  Club’)  now 
on  hand,  and  shall  be  happy  to  forward 
it  to  any  applicant  on  the  receipt  of 
5s.  4d.  in  postage-stamps.  This  Cata- 
logue is  not  only  most  useful  to  the 
Northern  Coleopterist,  but  it  will  be  found 
of  very  great  assistance  to  all  who  are 
studying  this  branch  of  Entomology. 

V.  R.  Perkins. 

Bank  of  England, 

Newcastle.npon-  Tyne. 


Sous  presse : 

CATALOGUE  METHODIQUE 
DES  LEPIDOPTERES 
D’EUROPE  pouvant  etre  employe 
comme  etiquettes  pour  le  Classement 
des  Collections. 

Ce  catalogue  dont  les  noms  d’especes 
sonl  en  petites  cai>itai.es  avec  des  inter- 
lignes  assez  larges  pour  pouvoir  etre 
separes  et  former  etiquettes,  sera  Ires 
utile  aux  amateurs  qui  voudront 
s’epargner  la  peine  de  les  ecrire  a la 
main,  a cet  efifet  nous  en  ferons  imprimer 
un  certain  nombre  sur'un  seul  cote  du 
papier,  que  nous  ferons  coller  sur  une 
carte  mince  pour  les  personnes  qui  nous 
en  feront  la  demande. 

Comme  les  prix  sent  indiques  a toutes 
les  especes  pour  lesquelles  il  est  peu  sujet 
a varier  et  que  I’on  peut  assez  aisement 
se  procurer,  il  servira  egalement  de  tarif 
pour  les  Lepidopteres  d’Europe  et  nous 
nous  tiendrons  en  mesure,  autant  qu’il 
sera  en  notre  pouvoir  de  repondre  aux 
demandes  qui  nous  seront  adressees  par 
les  amateurs  qui  desireront  completer 
leurs  collections. 

1 vol.  in-8°  d’environ  100  pages.  Prix 
2 fr. 

Paris : Deyrolle,  Rue  de  la  Monnaie, 
19,  et  Rue  de  Rivoli,  77. 


Complete  in  Two  Vols.,fcp.  8vo,  cloth, 
price  lOs., 

A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
TERFLIES and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Stainton. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

London;  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


The  world  of  insects; 

A Guide  to  its  Wonders.  By 
J.  W.  Douglas,  President  of  the  Ento- 
mological Society  of  London. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
^rate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex.  — Snturday,  May  25,  1861. 


THE  EHTOMOLOGISrS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  243.]  SATUEDAY,  JUNE  1,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


THE  LAST  MEETING, 

On  Monday  next  tbe  Entomological 
Society  of  London  meets  in  its  present 
rooms,  12,  Bedford  Bow,  for  the  last 
timej  it  then  moves  into  more  spacious 
quarters. 

This  is  the  first  time  since  the 
foundation  of  the  Society  that  it  has 
outgrown  its  domicile.  In  its  earliest 
infancy  it  was  located  at  17,  Old  Bond 
Street;  in  1852,  however,  in  conse* 
quence  of  the  dilapidated  condition  of 
the  tenement  in  Bond  Street,  and  the 
tendency  shown  by  the  ceiling  to  gra- 
vitate towards  the  floor,  it  became 
necessary  for  the  Society  to  move,  and 
it  then  migrated  to  12,  Bedford  Bow, 
Holbom,  where  the  Members  were  never 
tired  of  congratulating  one  another  on 
the  great  improvement  in  the  accom- 
modation to  that  which  they  had  pre- 
viously enjoyed  in  Bond  Street.  That 
within  ten  years  the  growth  of  the 
Society  should  be  such  that  it  literally 
‘had  no  option  but  to  remove  to  where 
it  could  have  more  space,  is  a most 
gratifying  reflection,  especially  now  that 
thfire  is  a prospect  of  our  not  being 


personally  inconvenienced  by  the  in- 
crease in  numbers  of  the  attendants  at 
the  Meetings. 

Many  who  have  only  recently  joined 
the  Entomological  Society,  and  have 
expressed  disappointment  at  the  poor 
accommodation,  will  perhaps  be  sur- 
prised to  hear  that  within  the  last  ten 
years  the  removal  of  the  Society  to 
Bedford  Row  was  considered  a step 
up  in  the  world;  now  another  step  is 
made  upwards  by  removing  from  Bed- 
ford Bow. 

An  old  Member  of  the  Society,  who 
had  been  absent  from  the  Meetings 
for  nearly  two  years,  observed,  on  re- 
joining the  circle,  that  nearly  all  the 
faces  were  new ; he  recognised,  of 
course,  a few  old  stagers,  but  the 
great  mass  seemed  to  be  made  up  of 
new  comers,  new  members.  Nothing 
shows  more  conclusively  than  this  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  Society.  It  may 
be  asked  why  the  new  Members  should 
displace  the  old  ones?  for  if  tbe  new 
Members  were  only  additions  to  the 
previous  body  of  Members,  though  one 
might  see  some  strange  faces,  still  there 
would  be  the  mass  of  old  friends  as  a 
nucleus. 


K 


66 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


But  here  the  very  discomfort  from 
the  overcrowding  of  the  room  affords 
a ready  answer  to  this  enquiry.  A 
young  entomologist  who  is  very  keen 
takes  at  first  no  notice  of  the  heated 
room  and  vitiated  atmosphere,  but  these 
gradually  tell  upon  him,  and  after  about 
eighteen  months’  apprenticeship  his 
visits  become  less  frequent,  and  it  is 
known  that  many  Members  have  per- 
manently abandoned  the  meeting-room 
from  feeling  unequal  to  the  fatigue  of 
attending  the  meetings:  these  no  doubt 
will  be  re-attracted  to  the  Society’s 
new  meeting-room  in  Gerrard  Street, 
Soho. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  he  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 52  Pater- 
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Agent,  Post  Office,  Barker’s  Pool. 

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Crystal  Place. 

At  Worcester,  of  G.  Morgan,  Bookseller 
and  News  Agent,  Little  Angel  St. ; 
and  of  J.  Pegg,  Bookseller  and  News 
Agent,  20  Mealcheapen  Street. 

At  York,  of  R.  Sunter,  23  Stonegate. 

Country  Newsvendors  who  have 
this  paper  on  sale  are  requested  to  sen^ 
us  theirnames  and  addresses  to  be  added 
to  the  list. 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsjield, 
Lewisham, near  London, S. E . No  notice 
will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  hut 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


Mr.  Stainton  will  not  be  “ at  hocde  ’’ 
on  Wednesday  next,  nor  during  the 
mouth  of  June.  \ 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEE. 


67 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

Porlhesia  Chrysorrhcea  and  Eriogaster 
Lanestris.  — I hare  not  met  with  the 
larvae  of  these  species,  though  I have 
recently  visited  the  locality  where  last 
year,  earlier  than  this,  I took  them  by 
hundreds. — B.  W.  Weight,  4,  Gloucester 
Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road ; May  27, 
1861. 

Cosstis  Ligniperda. — Much  has  lately 
been  said  about  this  insect,  and  much 
doubtless  remains  which  might  be  said. 
It  is  by  far  the  strongest  larva  which  I 
have  had  anything  to  do  with,  and  often 
succeeds  in  lifting  up  the  lid  of  the  box 
in  which  it  is  confined ; it  can  also 
squeeze  itself  through  so  small  a hole 
that  1 have  often  been  puzzled  in  finding 
out  by  what  means  the  insect  made  its 
exit.  After  they  have  made  their  escape 
they  sometimes  creep  under  a mat  (I 
have  twice  found  them  in  such  a place), 
and  make  themselves  a slight  cocoon.  A 
friend  of  mine  kept  some  of  these  larvae 
at  the  top  of  his  house ; one  escaped,  and 
was  soon  after  found  at  the  bottom  of 
the  house.  It  will  be  seen  by  this  that 
they  can  perform  rather  long  journeys, 
though  perhaps  it  fell  part  of  the  way. 
I now  keep  them  in  a tin  box,  through 
which  they  cannot  bore.  “A.  J.  H.” 
doubtless  failed  in  breeding  his  larvae, 
because  he  did  not  give  them  green 
wood:  I have  never  found  them  in  any 
other  than  a living  tree.  I think  the 
best  way  to  breed  them  is  to  place  them 
in  sawdust,  and  then  to  supply  them 
frequently  with  small  pieces  of  living 
wood;  otherwise  they  may  be  placed  in 
a large  piece  of  fresh  wood,  which  must 
be  occasionally  moistened,  for  the  reason 
stated  by  Mr.  Stainton  {ante  p.  4)  with 
regard  to  the  larvae  of  H.  Majorella  and 
D.  Oliviella.  I have  bred  some  larvae 
since  January,  which  thrive  well  under 
the  first  method;  during  the  winter  they 
spin  a strong  cocoon,  but  come  out  in 


the  spring,  or  if  placed  in  a warm  room. 
I have  generally  found  trees  more  or  less 
inhabited  by  these  larvae,  according  as 
the  trees  stand  alone,  or  in  company 
with  others.  A tree  standing  alone,  if  it 
has  any,  will  for  the  most  part  be  found 
to  contain  a very  great  number. — ;E.  S. 
Dewick,  Blackheath  ; May  22,  1861. 

A Mining  Larva  in  the  Leaves  of 
Anemone  nemorosa. — The  weather  being 
propitious,  and  M.  Fologne  proposing  an 
excursion  to  the  Forest  of  Soignies,  I 
thought  I could  not  do  better  than  try 
my  luck  there,  more  especially  as  M. 
Fologne  had  much  raised  my  expecta- 
tions by  showing  me  some  hexapodal 
larvas  which  were  mining  in  birch  leaves, 
sometimes  as  many  as  ten  or  twelve  in  a 
leaf,  each  in  a separate  mine,  the  said 
mine  being  a blotch  of  irregular  form  ; 
and  further  he  showed  me  that  these 
hexapodal  larvae  (apparently  utterly  des- 
titute of  ventral  prolegs)  soon  came  out  of 
the  leaves,  and  formed  cases  of  irregular 
form,  thorough  bivalves,  but  of  no  de- 
fined outline,  thus  totally  distinct  from 
anything  that  the  larvs  of  Incurvaria, 
as  hitherto  observed,  construct.  We  had 
both  suspected  these  larvae  might  be 
Coleopterous  (but  we  dare  not  say  so,  for 
fear  of  each  laughing  at  the  other); 
moreover,  I know  of  no  Coleopterous 
larva  that  constructs  a bivalve  case. 

The  Forest  of  Soignies,  which  is  of 
very  considerable  extent,  its  longest 
diameter  being  about  twelve  English 
miles,  lies  to  the  south  of  Brussels,  and 
is  easily  reached  by  the  Luxembourg 
Eailway,  the  second  station  on  that  line, 
Groenendaie  {Anglice  Greendale)  being 
in  the  heart  of  the  Forest,  which  consists 
principally  of  beech  trees,  but  interspersed 
with  firs,  poplars  and  a few  other  trees, 
and  with  numerous  bushes  of  alder,  horn- 
beam, dogwood,  &c.  The  growth  of  low 
plants  is  very  varied,  and  in  some  parts 
Epilobium  anguslifolium  grows  in  great 
profusion  ; on  this  we  found  a few  larvie 
of  Laverna  conturbatella,  but  L.  Rasch- 


68 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


kiella  had  Dot  yet  shown  any  symptoms 
of  its  existence.  Aglaia  Tau  flew  about 
merrily,  but  evidently  rather  the  worse 
for  wear.  I devoted  my  attention  to 
Micropteryx  in  any  form  in  which  I could 
find  it:  I saw  M.  Calthella  sitting  on 
the  outside  of  the  flowers  of  the  butter- 
cup, also  on  the  flowers  of  Carex.  Mr. 
Allen  Hill  used  to  aver  it  frequented 
Carex  rather  than  Caltha.  I also  saw 
M.Tliunbergella  flying  near  a beech  bush, 
and  likewise  observed  M.  Seppella  on 
the  wing.  I found  two  of  the  queer 
miner  in  beech  leaves,  which  starts  off 
like  a Nepticula  to  terminate  in  a blotch, 
but  which  can  hardly  appertain  to  M. 
Thunbergella,  as  imago  and  larva  should 
scarcely  appear  together. 

But  the  discovery  of  the  day  was  a 
larva  raining  the  leaves  of  Anemone 
nemorosa.  M.  Fologne  found  the  first ; 
it  had  rained  a piece  of  the  tip  of  a lobe 
of  the  leaf;  the  mine  was  greyish  green, 
not  transparent,  so  that  we  could  not 
divine  the  nature  of  the  tenant — no  one 
likes  to  sacrifice  an  only  child;  an  ento- 
mologist feels  equally  tender  to  au  only 
larva.  Instead  of  turning  this  larva  out 
of  its  mine  to  see  what  it  was  we  sought 
for  another.  Presently  I found  an  ane- 
mone leaf  with  one  of  the  lobes  entirely 
cleaned  out  and  turned  brown  by  a mining 
larva : after  some  hesitation  this  mine 
was  opened,  and  a fat  whitish  larva  with 
greenish  grey  dorsal  vessel  and  brownish 
head  was  brought  to  light;  it  had  six 
anterior  legs,  but  no  prolegs.  Hymen- 
oplerous  was  the  ready  solution  of  the 
problem;  but  what  Hymenopteron  is 
known  to  mine  the  leaves  of  Anemone 
nemorosa  P and  none  being  known  to  us 
to  do  so,  M.  Fologne  declared  he  would 
run  no  risk  ; he  would  describe  the  larva, 
and  then  try  and  rear  it,  lest  he  should 
again  throw  away  unknown  larvae! 

The  nest  of  these  larvae  wliich  we  found 
taught  us  that  they  can  move  from  leaf 
to  leaf:  at  any  rate,  it  bad  cleaned 
out  the  lobe  of  the  leaf  it  had  first  occu- 


pied, and  having  occasion  for  more 
nourishment,  had  entered  a fresh  lobe, 
and  had  made  a considerable  blotch 
therein,  which  blotch  was,  when  we  found 
it,  quite  clean  and  free  from  excrement. 

After  that  we  found  another  of  these 
same  larvae : to  which  order  of  insects 
they  belong  is  a matter  of  considerable 
question,  which  can  only  be  satisfactorily 
solved  by  the  appearance  of  the  imago. 
— H.  T.  SxAiNTON,  Brussels  ; May  27, 
1861. 

CEcophora  Jlavifrontella  bred. — Whilst 
hunting  in  the  Guisbro’  woods,  about  the 
beginning  of  June,  some  four  years  ago, 
I met  with  a case-bearing  larva  climbing 
up  the  trunk  of  a beech  tree.  The  case 
was  formed  of  a somewhat  heart-shaped 
piece  of  leaf  folded  over,  sealed  along  the 
edge,  and  open  at  both  ends.  I took 
home  with  me  some  leaves  in  the  box  in 
which  I had  put  the  larva,  on  which  to 
feed  it,  but  on  getting  home  I found 
that  it  did  not  require  them,  as  it  had 
attached  itself  somewhat  loosely  to  the 
side  of  the  box.  In  course  of  time  it 
produced  the  above-mentioned  insect. 
When  I made  known  what  I had  bred, 
and  from  the  kind  of  case  the  larva  had 
inhabited,  I was  assured  that  it  must  be 
a mistake,  as  CE . Jlavifrontella  had  been 
reared  on  the  Continent,  and  the  case 
which  the  larva  lived  in  was  a curiously 
constructed  one.  Thus  matters  have 
stood,  owing  to  my  not  having  been  able 
to  obtain  the  case  since,  until  the  other 
evening,  when  my  friend  Dr.  Kuaggs 
showed  me  both  it  and  the  insect  just 
bred  from  it.  On  comparing  notes  I find 
that  we  agree  in  every  particular,  as  to 
time  and  place  ; and  probably  some  one 
living  in  the  vicinity  of  beech  trees  will 
keep  a look  out  for  the  creature  for  the 
next  week  or  two.  This  construction  of 
a case  by  the  larva  removes  the  perfect 
insect  from  among  the  CEcophora,  as 
they  feed  internally. — John  Scoi't,  13, 
Torrington  Villas,  Lee,  SE. ; May  24, 
1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


69 


Syrphidce  (continued). — Last  week  I 
directed  attention  to  those  of  the  Syr- 
phidae  whose  larvae  are  leech-like  and 
prey  on  the  Aphides.  Another  section  of 
this  numerous  family — forming  the  ge- 
nera Eristalis  and  Helophilus — inhabit, 
in  their  larva  slate,  foul  and  stagnant 
water,  where  they  revel  and  fatten  on 
animal  and  vegetable  substances  in  every 
stage  of  decay.  I'o  adapt  them  to  the 
elements  in  which  they  delight,  and  to 
enable  them  to  carry  on  more  effectually 
the  work  that  is  assigned  to  them,  these 
larvae  are  (urnished  with  a respiratory 
apparatus,  telescopically  formed, — thus 
capable  of  considerable  tension.  By 
means  of  this  tube,  which  rises  to  the 
surface  of  the  muddy  and  shallow  bed 
they  choose  for  their  home,  they  receive 
the  air  necessary  to  their  support,  while 
they  search  the  sediment  below  for  their 
putrescent  food!  More  highly  favoured 
than  most  of  their  kind,  the  body  is  fur- 
nished below  with  seven  pairs  of  mem- 
branous feet,  furnished  with  claws,  thus 
facilitating  their  movements  at  the  bottom 
of  the  water.  The  mouth  consists  of  an 
opening  furnished  with  a cartilaginous 
border.  Before  passing  into  the  nymph 
state  the  larvae  leave  the  water,  and  seek 
some  subterranean  shelter.  A viscous 
fluid  they  have  the  power  of  secreting 
secures  them  in  their  chosen  retreat ; 
their  respiratory  tube  ceases  its  functions, 
their  skin  hardens,  dries  up,  and  becomes 
the  cocoon  of  the  pupae,  whence  emerge 
the  drone-flies  of  our  woods  and  gardens. 
We  found  one  of  the  larvae  on  its  rambles 
a few  days  ago;  it  had  evidently  just  left 
its  watery  nest  in  the  bole  of  an  oak,  for 
on  examining  the  hollow,  which  was 
filled  with  dead  and  decaying  oak  leaves 
and  a putrid  shrew-mouse,  we  found 
abundance  of  rat-tailed  maggots  (as  they 
are  popularly  called),  in  every  stage  of 
growth,  from  the  lilliputian  to  the  fat 
and  full-growu  grub. — Peter  Inch- 
bald,  Slorllies  Hall,  near  Huddersfield  ; 
May  21,  IStil. 


Cecidomyia  Galeobdolontis.  — I have 
recently  succeeded  in  rearing,  after  seve- 
ral fruitless  attempts,  both  the  male  and 
female  of  this  singularly  delicate  little 
insect.  Mr.  W alker  is  scarcely  accurate 
in  saying  that  it  “ lives  in  the  thickened 
almost  subterranean  stalks  of  Galeobdolon 
luteum.”  The  gnat  sometimes  even 
pierces  the  lower  lateral  shoots  that  bud 
forth  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  and 
thus  cripples  them,  and  causes  them  to 
assume  the  appearance  of  woolly  galls, 
much  like  those  of  the  Veronica  ; but  the 
yellow  weaselsnout  {G.  luteum)  is  strictly 
a stolon-bearing  plant,  and  this  may 
account  for  the  collar  presenting  often 
such  a monstrous  knot  of  galls  as  it 
does.  In  these  the  pupse  pass  the  winter 
months,  and  enter  on  their  winged  ex- 
istence in  the  month  of  May.  It  would 
not  appear  that  they  enter  the  earth  be- 
fore they  undergo  their  transformation. 
In  my  case,  I removed  the  plants  so  in- 
fested into  a flower-pot,  covering  it  over 
with  a bell-glass,  and  imitating  nature 
by  the  introduction  of  such  mosses  as 
crept  about  their  roots.  The  first  gall- 
gnat  emerged  on  the  21st  of  May. 
Loew,  in  his  Monograph,  says  that  a 
gnat  called  G.  strumosa  has  been  reared 
from  the  pouch-like  swellings  of  the 
uppermost  leaves  of  the  young  shoots, 
but  not  described.  Mr.  Walker,  in  his 
laborious  compilation  on  the  Diptera, 
vol.  iii.,  only  describes  the  female.  His 
characteristics  agree  pretty  generally  with 
the  species  I have  reared,  and  conse- 
quently I am  disposed  to  call  it  C.  Gale- 
obdolontis, which  would  seem  to  be  the 
name  adopted  by  Winnertz.  I give  below 
the  characteristic  differences  of  the  two 
sexes : — 

Male  much  smaller.  Antennae  with 
the  joints  not  pedicellated  as  in  the 
female.  Wings  limpid  and  with  grey 
pubescence  in  both  sexes,  the  anal  fork 
exieudiiig  to  the  inner  margin,  more 
deeply  coloured  in  the  male  than  in  the 
female.  Halleres  darker.  Abdomen  pro- 


70 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


miuently  fnrcipated.  Legs  longer  in  com- 
parison of  its  size. 

Female  with  the  antennae  fuscous,  con- 
colorous,  13-jointed,pedicellated.  Thorax 
with  disk  pale  fuscous.  Halteres  pale 
yellow.  Oviduct  slightly  produced,  pale 
yellow. 

The  grey  wings  and  pale  yellow  bodies 
tend  to  render  these  minute  forms  singu- 
larly beautiful  under  the  microscope. — 
Ibid;  May  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Odonestis  Potatoria. — I have  twenty- 
four  larvae  of  this  insect,  which  I should 
be  glad  to  exchange  for  larvas  of  Poly- 
ommatus  Alexis.  I have  also  forty  larvae 
of  Abraxas  Grossulariata  to  exchange  for 
impregnated  eggs  of  Gonepteryx  Rhamni. 
Applicants  should  send  their  larvae  first, 
then  I will  return  my  larvae  in  their 
boxes. — Henry  Bird,  Great  Hallingbury 
Gardens,  near  Bishop  Stortford,  Herts ; 
May  22,  1861. 

Biston  Hirtaria. — I shall  be  happy  to 
send  larvae  of  this  species  to  any  one  in 
need  of  it,  on  receipt  of  a box  with 
return  postage.  — R.  W.  Wright,  13, 
Gloucester  Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road, 
Hackney,  N.E. 

Birds'  Eggs  wanted  in  exchange  for 
Lepidoptera. — I am  in  want  of  the  fol- 
lowing birds’  eggs ; — 

Curlew, 

Redfooted  Falcon, 

Little  Grebe, 

Red  Grouse, 

Hen  Harrier, 

Hobby, 

Kingfisher, 

Kite, 

Merlin, 

Nightjar, 

Tawny  Owl, 

Oystercatcher, 

Storm  Petrel, 

Quail, 


Raven, 

Common  Sandpiper, 

Great  Gray  Shrike, 

Common  Snipe, 

Common  Tern, 

Woodcock, 

W ryneck, 

for  which  I can  oflfer  the  under-men- 
tioned Lepidoptera  : — 

P.  Machaon  (4  bred), 

S.  Tiliae  (I  bred), 

B.  Prodromaria  (5), 

S.  Luuaria  (2  bred), 

E.  Cousignata  (1), 

S.  Dubitata  (2), 

P.  Cassinea  (2), 

N.  Dictaea  (1), 

C.  Ocularis  (2  bred), 

X.  Conspicillaris  (1  bred), 

X.  Petrificata  (2), 

X.  Semibrunnea  (1). 

Please  write  first.  Correspondents  not 
hearing  from  me  within  a week  will  con- 
clude that  their  oflfers  are  not  accepted. — 
G.  H.  Palmer,  Clayfield  House,  Taun- 
ton ; May  24,  1861. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BY  R.  m'LACHLAN. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus. — Did  Mr.  Tyrer’s 
spring  pupae  produee  Quercus  or  Cal- 
lunm  P Information  on  this  point  might 
throw  some  light  on  the  question  as  to 
the  stability  of  the  latter  as  a species. 

Cossus  Ligniperda. — “ A.  J.  H.”  (p.53) 
seems  to  wonder  at  what  became  of  his 
larvae  in  a flower-pot.  A few  years  since 
I had  a number  of  these  larvae,  and 
placed  them  in  a large  flower-pot,  also 
covering  the  lop  wilh  zinc,  and,  as  an 
extra  precaution,  fixing  the  bottom  of 
the  pot  firmly  in  the  earth  floor  of  a 
cellar,  but  still  they  disappeared,  and  I 
discovered  that  they  worked  their  way 
out  at  the  hole  in  the  bottom,  and 
through  a gallery  they  formed  in  the 
earth.  Some  time  afterwards,  as  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


71 


servant  was  breaking  up  the  remains  of 
an  old  birch-broom  for  fire-wood,  five  or 
six  cocoons  were  found  formed  in  the 
interior. 

Eupithecia  indigata. — Will  Mr.  Greg- 
son  be  kind  enough  to  state  what  grounds 
he  has  for  his  suspicions  that  the  proper 
food  of  the  larva  of  this  species  is  heath  ? 
My  own  small  experience,  and  that  of 
my  friends,  is  that  it  is  attached  to  the 
Scotch  fir. 

Eupithecia  dodoneata. — Those  in  want 
of  this  pretty  species  should  take  their 
stand  under  a pollard  oak  at  dusk,  and 
catch  the  moths  as  they  visit  the  twigs 
for  depositing  their  eggs  and  other  rea- 
sons of  their  own.  Many  more  may  be 
taken  by  this  method  than  by  the  usual 
one  of  beating. 

Epunda  viminalis. — This,  with  many 
other  interesting  species  may  be  bred 
from  the  shoots  of  sallow,  which  should 
now  be  collected. 

Ebulea  verbascalis. — The  larva  of  this 
species  is  unknown.  From  the  habits  of 
the  perfect  insect  there  can  be  Tittle 
doubt  that  it  feeds  on  Teucrium  Scoro- 
donia,  and  last  autumn  I found  larva;, 
evidently  Pyralidse,  on  this  plant,  which 
I should  have  no  hesitation  in  referring 
to  this  species.  This  larva,  which,  when 
in  repose  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf 
lay  half  curled  round,  was  shining  green, 
with  a whitish  line  on  each  side  above 
the  legs,  and  with  numerous  small  warts, 
from  each  of  which  sprung  a single  hair. 
These  fed  well  till  the  end  of  October,  then 
hybernated,  and  died  during  the  winter. 

Spilonota,  an  apparently  undescribed 
species,  is  attached  to  the  larch  : this  is 
allied  to  ocellana,  but  is  more  constant 
than  that  species.  It  has  been  taken  or 
bred  in  considerable  numbers  by  some  of 
our  collectors,  and  is,  I believe,  shortly 
to  be  described.  I have  bred  it  from  a 
dirty  whitish  larva  feeding  inside  the 
bundles  of  young  larch  leaves,  at  the 
same  time  as  Coleophora  laricella  is  at 
work  on  the  leaves. 


CEcophora  Panzerella  is  common  in 
Dulwich  Wood,  principally  about  the 
trunks  of  sweet  chestnuts.  London  ento- 
mologists in  want  of  this  species  should 
visvtThis  locality. 

Gelechia,  N.s.,  allied  to  Instabilella, 
common  near  Yarmouth,  Isle  of  Wight, 
in  July  and  August,  amongst  Atriplex 
marilima.  Mr.  Douglas  and  others  con- 
sider this  to  be  only  one  of  the  many 
forms  of  Instabilella,  but  I am  convinced 
that  it  is  distinct,  in  which  opinion  I am 
joined  by  Mr.  Bond,  who  has  had  ample 
opportunities  of  taking  both  in  their 
habitat  near  Freshwater,  viz.  Instabilella 
on  the  cliffs,  and  occasionally  in  salt 
marshes,  and  the  nondescript  above 
mentioned.  To  my  eyes  it  is  a lighter 
coloured,  shorter  winged  insect,  though 
I am  at  a loss  at  present  to  point  out  any 
very  striking  characters.  The  times  of 
appearance  do  not  coincide:  this  does 
not  appear  till  Instabilella  is  nearly  over. 
Entomologists  visiting  the  island  late 
in  the  autumn  should  look  out  for  the 
larva. 

Coleophora  murinipennella. — Are  there 
not  two  species  confounded  under  this 
name  ? one  the  original  Murinipennella, 
with  a large-sized  case,  feeding  on  one 
or  more  species  of  Luzula,  and  the  other 
with  a case  scarcely  half  the  size  feeding 
on  a species  of  Juncus.  This  latter  I 
found  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  near  Fresh- 
water, the  cases  about  the  rushes  (no 
Luzula  near),  and  the  moths  the  same 
way,  but  naturally  so  ill  marked  and 
worn  besides,  that  it  was  impossible  to 
detect  any  differences. 

Coleophora  juncicolella  is  common  in 
tbe  larva  state  at  Shirley.  The  cases 
may  be  taken,  with  an  occasional  Pyrrhu- 
lipennella,  by  sweeping  the  heath  princi- 
pally at  night,  and  boxing  or  bagging 
the  contents  of  the  net.  These  sweepings 
may  be  placed  in  some  convenient  vessel 
on  arriving  home,  and  examined  next 
morning.  By  the  way,  a novice  at  this 
work  will  be  not  a little  astonished  at  the 


72 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


amazing  quantity  of  insect  life,  of  all 
orders,  that  he  has  unwittingly  collected, 

Coleophora sp.  ? — Last  spring  I 

found  at  Forest  Hill  a long,  slightly 
curved,  dirty  whitish  case  feeding  on 
Centaure.a  nigra.  This  was  yonng,  and 
I belive  came  to  an  untimely  end,  and  I 
have  since  been  unable  to  find  another. 
Micro-Lepidopterists  should  be  on  the 
look  out. 

In  conclusion,  I would  hint  that  the 
Phryganidee  are  now  out,  and  will  no 
doubt  often  fall  in  the  way  of  Lepi- 
dopterists.  If  they  will  pin  those  they 
take,  and  if,  from  want  of  time,  they  are 
unable  to  set  them,  send  them  to  me  un- 
set; I shall  be  greatly  obliged,  though 
set  specimens  are  always  more  acceptable, 
as  I find  these  creatures  do  not  relax 
well. 

R.  M'Lachlan. 
Forest  Hill,  May  23,  1861, 


EHOPALOCERA  IN  WINTER. 


In  the  last  number  of  the  ‘ Stettin 
Entomologische  Zeitung’  is  a paper  by 
Herr  von  Prittwitz  on  the  winter  form 


of  the  Silesian  Rhopalocera ; it  concludes 
with  the  following  resumi,  which,  as  so 
many  of  the  species  are  identical  with 
our  British  butterflies,  may  not  be  with- 
out interest  for  some  of  our  readers. 


The  following  species  pass  the  winter 
in  the  imago  state : — 


1 . Lathonia  ? 

2.  Cardui 

3.  Atalanta 

4.  lo 

5.  Antiopa 

6.  V-album  ? 


7.  Polychloros 

8.  Xanthomelas 

9.  Urticae 

10.  C-album 

11.  .iEgeria? 

12.  Rbamni 


The  following 
egg  stale : — 

1.  Paphia 

2.  Pamphilus 

3.  Agestis 

4.  Telicanus 
6.  Quercus 
6.  Pruni 


pass  the  winter  in  the 

7.  Ilicis 

8.  Betulae 

9.  Spini 

10.  W-album 

11.  Apollo 

12.  Mnemosyne? 


The  following  pass  the  winter  in  the 
larva  state: — 


1.  Maturna 

2.  Artemis 

3.  Ciiixia 

4.  Didyma 

5.  Plnebe 

6.  Dictynna 

7.  Athalia 

8.  Britoinartis  ? 

9.  Lucina 

10.  Selene 

11.  Euphrosyne 

12.  Dia 

13.  Daphne 

14.  Lathonia 

15.  Niobe 

16.  Adippe 

17.  Aglaia 

18.  Camilla 

19.  Populi 

20.  Iris 

21.  Ilia 

22.  Galathea 

23.  Ligea 

24.  Euryale 

25.  Briseis 


26.  Seraele? 

27.  Phsedra  ? 

28.  Hyperanthus 

29.  Tithoniis 

30.  Eudora  ? 

31.  Janira 

32.  Dejanira 

33.  Moera  ? 

34.  Megaera 

35.  Arcanius? 

36.  Iphis? 

37.  Hippothoe  ? 

38.  Hipponoe 

39.  Alexis? 

40.  Adonis  ? 

41.  Optilete  ? 

42.  Tiresias 
43  Crataegi 

44.  Palaeno 

45.  Malvarum 

46.  Tages 

47.  Paniscus 

48.  Comma 

49.  Lineola 

50.  Linea 


The  following  species  pass  the  winter 
in  the  pupa  state : — 


1.  Lathonia 

2.  Prorsa 

3.  Cardui 

4.  lo 

5.  C-album 

6.  .Egeria 

7.  Circe 

8.  Virgaureae 

9.  Phlseas 

10.  Cyllarus 

11.  Alsus 

12.  Battus 

13.  Bubi 


14.  Machaon 

15.  Podalirius 

16.  Brassicae 

17.  Rapae 

18.  Napi 

19.  Daplidice 

20.  Cardamines 

21.  Sinapis 

22.  Hyale 

23.  Edusa? 

24.  Myrmidone  ? 

25.  Alveolus  ? 

26.  Polychloros 


The  two  following  thus  appear  to  pass 
the  winter  in  the  pupa,  larva  and  imago 
states : — 

Lathonia?  and  Egeria? 

The  five  following  species  appear  to 
pass  the  winter  in  the  pupa  and  imago 
states : — 


C-album  Cardui 

Atalanta  Polychloros 

lo 

Possibly  these  observations  of  Herr 
von  Prittwitz  may  elicit  some  remarks 
from  observers  in  this  country. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishopa- 
prate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex.— Saturday,  June  1, 1861. 


THE  EMTOI^OLOGSSrS 


WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Xo.  944.]  SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


TOO  KEEN. 


“ Buzbcz,  I hear,  wants  to  sell  his 
collection.  Well,”  remarked  Jones,  “I 
always  thought  he  was  too  keen  to 
last.” 

“ Yes,”  observed  Brown,  smiling, 
‘ when  he  was  pestering  me  so  for  a 
Carmelita,  last  year,  I felt  pretty  cer- 
tain that  the  Carmelita  would  he  for 
sale,  within  the  twelvemonth ; T wish 
now  I had  made  a het  on  the  sub- 
ject.” 

“ But,”  exclaimed  Robinson,  “ why 
is  it  that  keenness  implies  such  a 
short  continuance?” 

“ Oh  ! ” replies  Brown,  “ its  just  the 
old  story  of  the  hare  and  the  tortoise; 
the  fellow  who  is  too  keen  is  so  be- 
cause he  is  impatient, — he  wants  to  do 
everything  at  once,  and  those  who  are 
beset  with  that  infirmity  are  very  apt 
to  lack  perseverance.  Besides,  as  in 
so  many  other  things,  action  and  re- 
action are  equal  and  opposite;  and 
excessive  keenness  in  almost  any  pur- 
suit is  almost  sure  to  be  followed  by 
a degree  of  distaste  for  it.” 

“Well,”  said  Jcnes,  “I’m  really  very 
sorry  for  poor  Buzbuz:  if  he  had  been 


contented  to  have  wore  more  leisurely, 
and  not  been  so  hyper-furious  at  it, 
I believe  there  was  in  him  the  making 
of  a good  entomologist.” 

We  can  only  re-echo  the  sentiment 
of  Jones,  and  express  “our  deep  sorrow 
for  poor  Buzbuz.”  But  is  his  a solitary 
case?  We  fear  not;  and  that  our 
our  lamented  friend  is  only  the  type 
of  a class.  Some  persons  take  up  a 
pursuit  so  eagerly,  and  lavish  on  it 
such  an  amount  of  ardour  and  energy, 
that  their  fondness  for  that  particular 
object  speedily  becomes  exhausted: 
they  are  for  burning  the  candle  at 
both  ends,  and  holding  it  before  the 
kitchen-fire  as  well! 

“ To  take  things  quietly  ” is  a motto 
which  to  them  is  “ stale,  flat  and  un- 
profitable,” and  so  eventually  they  find 
that  they  weary  of  everything,  and  a 
listlessness  creeps  over  them,  during 
which  they  pay  the  penalty  of  the 
excitement  iu  which  they  previously 
lived : it  is  the  headache  and  the  las- 
situde that  comes  after  the  banquet. 

Should  this  meet  the  eye  of  auy 
nascent  Buzbuz  perhaps  he  will  pause 
and  reflect  whether,  if  the  path  he  is 
pursuing  is  likely  to  lead  to  such  a 


1 


74 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


catastrophe,  it  may  not  be  well  to 
arrest  his  steps  in  time,  and  to  seek 
a more  regular  track,  which,  though 
it  may  appear  to  have  been  followed 
mainly  by  plodders,  has  conducted 
them  effectually  to  a point  far  higher 
than  that  which  he  is  now  following 
can  do. 

It  is  well  to  bear  in  mind  that 
there  is  such  a thing  as  being  too 
keen  to  last;  but  yet  we  do  not  wish 
every  slow-coach  to  lay  this  very  much 
to  heart,  on  the  same  principle  that 
dunces  dread  the  injurious  effects  of 
over-study,  fearing  to  overwork  their 
brains, — an  idea  as  uncalled  for  as 
that  which  haunted  one  of  Mr.  Squeers’ 
correspondents,  “ that  he  was  too  good 
to  live.” 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
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All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  aud  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 
under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


75 


Change  oe  Address.  — Having  left 
Sheffield,  my  address  will  be,  as  formerly, 
— W.  B.  Pkyer,  2,  Albert  Villas,  Haver- 
stock  Hill,  London,  N.W. 


CAPTUBES. 

LePIDOI’TEEA. 

Cerura  bieuspis. — I have  the  pleasure 
to  record  the  capture  of  a fine  male 
C.  bieuspis,  just  emerged  from  the  pupa- 
case,  on  the  alder : no  one  need  apply. — 
Thomas  R.  Pugh,  28,  Berry  Street, 
Preston;  May  27,  1861. 

Gastropacha  ilicifolia. — I have  had 
several  days’  pupa-hunting  on  the  moors 
this  spring,  and  have  taken  a quantity, 
principally  P.fuliginosa  and  S.  Carpini ; 
the  others  were  at  the  time  unknown  to 
me,  not  having  met  with  them  before. 
On  the  18th  of  May,  on  looking  into  the 
cage  containing  them,  I had  the  pleasure 
to  find  a perfect  specimen  of  G.  ilici- 
folia. The  strangers  have  since  produced 
six  fine  specimens  of  P.  Menyanthidis, 
the  first  making  its  appearance  on  the 
19th  of  May. — T.  Meldrum,  Millgate, 
Ripon. 

Peridea  Trepida  near  York. — During 
the  time  I was  sugaring  on  Saturday 
last  I had  the  pleasure  of  taking  a very 
fine  female  P.  Trepida,  in  good  condi- 
tion, flying  about  the  branches  of  an  oak 
tree,  no  doubt  depositing  her  eggs. — 
J.  H.  Dossoe,  East  Parade,  Heworth 
Road,  York;  May  27,  1861. 

Coleophora  fuscocuprella. — On  Whit- 
Monday,  at  Barnet,  while  beating  the 
under-wood,  I captured  a specimen  of 
this  insect. — Henry  Aeis,  9,  Rawstorne 
Street,  Clerkenwell,  E . C. ; June  3,  1861. 

Captures  near  Rotherham.  — On  the 
27th  inst.,  in  company  with  Mr.  W. 
Thomas,  I spent  a day  at  Maltby  Wood 
(about  seven  miles  from  Rotherham). 
We  took  about  a hundred  larvae  of 
Xanthia  Citrago  off  the  trunks  of  lime 


trees,  and  I was  fortunate  enough  to 
take  a couple  of  E.  Advenaria. — W.  B. 
PnYER,  2,  Albert  Villas,  Haverstock  Hill, 
London,  N.W.;  May  30,  1861. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Vanessa  Atalanta. — I took  a very  lively 
pupa  of  this  insect  on  the  11th  of  De- 
cember, 1859. — C.  Campbell,  3,  Vine 
Terrace,  Rochdale  Road,  Manchester; 
June  3,  1861. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus.  — Seeing  Mr. 
Stone’s  observations  on  L.  Quercus,  and 
Mr.  Tyrer’s  remarks  on  the  same,  I have 
to  state,  in  reply  to  both  those  gentle- 
men, that  on  Good  Friday  last  I picked 
up  a cocoon  of  L.  Quercus,  which  I 
thought  at  first  was  merely  an  old  one, 
but  I found  in  it  a living  pupa,  which  I 
considered  to  be  an  unusual  occurrence. 
I assent  to  Mr.  Stone’s  remark  that  it 
was  owing  to  the  wet,  cold  summer  last 
season;  it  is,  at  all  events,  of  rare  oc- 
currence in  this  locality.  The  imago 
emerged  this  day,  a very  fine  female, 
which  contradicts  Mr.  Tyrer’s  theory, 
both  as  regards  the  sex  and  time  of 
emerging.  — R.  P.  Harvie,  8,  Keppel 
Street,  Stoke,  Devon  ; May  26,  1861. 

Lasiocampa  Quercus. — I have  not  met 
with  the  larvcB  of  this  species,  though  I 
have  visited  the  same  locality  several 
times,  where,  last  year,  earlier  than  this, 
I took  them  by  scores. — Henry  Bird, 
near  Woodside  Green,  Great  Halling- 
bury,  Essex;  June  3,  1861. 

Habits  of  Miana  Larvae  ? — As  I never 
see  any  notice  of  the  capture  of  these 
larvae,  perhaps  these  few  lines  may  inte- 
rest some  of  your  readers,  and  tend  to 
aid  the  discovery  of  the  larvee  of  this 
genus,  as  I see  by  the  ‘Manual’  only 
two  are  known.  On  Whit-Monday,  as 
Mr.  Aris,  senior,  and  myself  were  sitting 
on  a railway  bank  refreshing  the  inner 
man,  for  the  want  of  something  better  to 


76 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


do  we  began  opening  the  uuexpanded 
buds  of  a large  Carex  P when,  to  our 
astonishinent,  as  there  were  no  external 
signs,  we  found  a large  larva  feeding 
on  the  flower-bead.  The  larva  was 
about  1"  3"'  long,  grass-green,  with 
black  spiracles.  This  discovery  caused 
us  to  look  further,  and  we  soon  found 
several  inore,  although  full  late  for  them, 
the  imperfect  flower-heads,  when  ex- 
panded, readily  showing  where  they  have 
been.  The  best  way  I know  at  present 
to  find  them  is  to  lay  down  and  look 
through  the  flower-stems,  and  if  the 
flower-head  does  not  reach  the  top,  and 
there  is  any  appearance  of  frass  below  it, 
open  the  flower-head,  as  it  most  likely 
contains  a larva. — Henry  Aris,  9,Raiv- 
storne  Street,  ClerJcemuell,  E.C.;  June  3, 
1861. 

Hadena  Atriplicis. — Is  it  usual  for  the 
green  markings  in  H.  Atriplicis  to  be 
very  much  fainter  in  bred  specimens  than 
when  caught?  and  if  so,  what  is  the  pro- 
bable reason  ? I have  observed  the  same 
with  regard  to  the  yellowish  markings  on 
H.  Dentina. — A.  B.  C. 

Adela  Degeerella  bred. — On  the  I6lb 
and  22nd  ult.  I had  the  pleasure  of 
breeding  this  species  from  cases  found 
last  March,  by  searching  amongst  the 
accumulated  dried  leaves  at  the  base  of 
beech  bushes. — C.  Healy,  74,  Napier 
Street,  Hoxton,  N.;  June  3,  1861. 

Cecidomyia  Taxi.  — When  I was  in 
Surrey,  in  January  last,  I noticed  that 
the  yews  that  grow  intermingled  with 
junipers  on  Riddlesdown,  near  Croydon, 
were  covered  here  and  there  with  tinted 
bosses,  which  had  a very  pretty  appear- 
ance. I gathered  several,  in  the  hope 
that  I might  be  able  to  find  out  the 
insects  that  had  been  instrumental  in 
forming  these  artichoke-like  galls.  The 
galls  I kept  in  my  botany-case  for  many 
weeks,  but  unfortunately  the  larva  died 
in  its  nidus  of  leaves,  and  I was  thus 
disappointed.  More  recently,  however, 
I observed  the  same  bosses  on  yew  trees 


in  Yorkshire,  and  as  May  was  nearly 
over,  I thought  it  not  unlikely  I might 
succeed  better  at  a season  when  so  many 
of  the  Cecidomyire  make  their  entrance 
inio  life.  I gathered  a handful  of 
afi'ecled  shoots,  put  them  into  a cup  of 
water,  and  covered  them  over  with  a 
bell-glass.  This  time  I was  rewarded 
for  my  perseverance.  The  very  first  day 
of  June  I had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  two 
gall-gnats  {$  and  9)>  under  the  glass, 
and  others  have  since  appeared.  The 
gall,  as  I have  said,  is  in  form  not 
unlike  a tiny  artichoke,  in  the  heart  of 
which  a single  larva  lives  through  the 
winter  in  its  nest  of  closely-fitting  leaves, 
which  diminish  in  size  as  they  approach 
the  centre.  The  gnat  lays  her  egg  in 
June,  in  the  young  and  tender  green 
shoots  wdiieh  are  just  then  beginning  to 
grow  ; these  become  crijipled,  and  gradu- 
ally assume  the  appearance  I have  de- 
scribed, ofiering  food  and  shelter  to  the 
yellow-coloured  larva  during  the  winter 
months.  In  April  or  May  it  enters  on 
the  pupa  stage  of  its  existence,  gathering 
intensity  of  colour  as  it  approaches  matu- 
rity, and  in  June  it  comes  forth  in  the 
winged  condition,  a beautiful  orange- 
coloured  fly.  For  the  benefit  of  those 
who  may  be  more  particularly  interested 
in  the  Diptera,  it  may  be  well  to  describe 
more  minutely  the  perfect  insect,  inas- 
much as  Professor  Loew,  though  alluding 
to  the  artichoke  galls  at  the  end  of  the 
branches  of  Taxus  baccata,  says  that  the 
fly  is  still  altogether  unknown  {nock ganz 
unyeiviss  ist),  nor  does  Mr.  Walker  in- 
clude the  species  among  the  200  Cecido- 
myias  he  describes  with  such  minuteness. 
I may  just  remark  that  the  yew  gall- 
gnat  presents  a tolerable  appearance, 
being  nearly  equal  in  size  to  the  well- 
known  C.  rosaria. 

DESCUIPXION. 

Male.  Antennaa  apparently  shorter 
than  in  the  female,  from  the  greater 
crowding  of  the  joints,  which  are  verticil- 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


77 


late,  pilose.  Thorax  testaceous,  darker 
laterally,  with  a spot  in  front,  and  two 
dark  triangular  spots  behind.  Abdomen 
orange,  with  dusky  pile,  forcipated.  Legs 
darker  in  the  upper  half,  paler  in  the 
lower. 

Female.  Antenns  testaceous,  as  in 
the  male,  18-jointed;  joints  petiolated, 
less  densely  pilose.  Thorax  as  in  the 
male.  Wings  ashy,  with  dusky  pile  in 
both  sexes.  Transverse  veinlet  some- 
what beyond  the  middle  of  the  subcostal 
vein.  Abdomen  orange,  with  paler  ovi- 
duct. Legs  dark,  with  grey  pubescence. 
— Peter  Inchbald,  Stortkes  Hall,  near 
Huddersfield;  June  1,  1861. 


EXCHANGE. 

Ova  of  Smerinthus  Oeellalus. — I have 
a brood  of  fertilized  ova  of  this  insect; 
any  juvenile  desirous  of  rearing  it  can 
have  a batch  of  the  eggs  by  sending  a 
stamped  and  ready-addressed  envelope. — 
George  Gascoyne,  Newark;  May  27, 
1861. 

Ova  of  Endromis  Versicolor. — I have 
been  entirely  unsuccessful  with  this  in- 
sect : only  one  female  emerged,  who 
waited  a fortnight  for  a mate,  and  ulti- 
mately died  of  the  complaint  caused  by 
“hope  deferred.”  I have  examined  the 
pupae,  and  find  them  perfectly  healthy. 
I infer  that  they  intend  remaining  over 
until  another  spring.  I shall  hold  the 
envelopes  for  another  occasion.  It  is 
yet  too  early  for  Cucullina. — Ibid. 

Abraxas  yrossulariata. — I have  pupae 
of  the  above-mentioned  moth  to  spare, 
of  which  I shall  be  happy  to  send  a few 
to  any  one  in  need  of  them.  Applicants 
to  send  small  box  and  return  postage. — 
W.  Lang,  2,  John  Street,  Hamilton,  N.  B. 

Exchanye. — I have  larvae  of  P.  Mo- 
nacha,  T.  Cratayi  and  A.  Ajirilina  for 
exchange.  Ova,  pupae,  larvae  and  imagos 
acceptable. — E.  Tearle,  Gainsborouyli. 


A DAY  AT  LYMINGTON  SALTERNS. 

Being  recently  at  Southampton,  I 
went  one  day  across  the  water  to  “the 
Salterns,”  about  two  miles  beyond  Lym- 
ington.  Alas!  this  hunting-ground,  be- 
loved of  Dawson  and  Wollaston,  will 
soon  be  no  more:  there  is  but  one 
Saltern  left,  all  having  been  relinquished 
aud  broken  up,  because  they  did  not  pay, 
and  the  remaining  one  will  soon  cease  to 
work.  This  information  I got  out  of  an 
old  fellow  who  was  vvalking  about  with  a 
spade  in  his  hand,  opening  and  shutting 
the  communications  between  one  basin 
and  another;  and,  as  soon  as  he  dis- 
covered what  I was  at,  he  volunteered 
some  particulars  about  certain  prede- 
cessors of  mine  in  entomological  experi- 
ments on  that  ground,  which,  as  there  is 
some  reason  to  believe  they  are  true,  and 
not  to  their  credit,  I shall  say  nothing 
about.  True  is  it  that  a man  uncon- 
sciously leaves  photographic  images  of 
himself  wherever  he  goes,  and  that, 
under  particular  circumstances,  these 
life-pictures  become  visible  to  others, 
often  the  last  persons  in  the  world  that 
the  “object”  represented  would  wish  to 
view  them. 

Well,  with  all  the  hints  of  famous 
places  for  insects  that  this  old  salt  could 
give  me,  I got  nothing,  during  several 
hours’  search,  worth  mentioning.  In 
vain  I turned  over  clods,  bricks  or  stones  ; 
there  vvas  nothing  better  than  Nebria 
brevicoliis  and  Harpalus  obsoletus.  So  I 
sat  down  in  disgust,  and  turned  my 
thoughts  aud  eyes  avvay  from  terrestrial 
things ; after  a journey  in  space,  long 
if  measured  by  distance,  but  short  by 
time  (after  the  fashion  of  many  sublunary 
travels  on  wheels),  my  eyes  reverted  to 
the  earth,  and  my  thoughts  soon  fol- 


78 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


lowed  them.  True  I saw  only  a Bem- 
hidium  normannum,  and  in  securing  it  I 
started  one  or  two  B.  ephippium,  but  in 
pursuing  these  the  grains  of  sand  seemed 
to  shiver  and  move  under  my  feet  with  a 
centrifugal  motion,  I being  the  centre  of 
distraction.  So,  like  the  waggoner  who 
prayed  to  Jupiter,  I went  on  my  knees, 
not  to  pray  heaven,  but  to  do  what  the 
waggoner  was  told  to  do — help  myself. 
Self-help  is  a fine  thing  to  talk  about, 
and  though  I do  not  for  a moment  mean 
to  say  that  self-help  and  helping  oneself 
are  usually  synonymous,  yet  they  were 
in  this  instance.  So,  after  several  fruit- 
less endeavours  I succeeded  in  arresting 
one  of  the  moving  atoms,  and  behold  it 
was  only  a juvenile  Saida,  not  even  in  a 
state  to  be  called  hemipterous.  Again 
and  again  I got  only  one  of  these  soft, 
brown  runners  (1  had  almost  called  the 
vagrants  sans-culottes,  but  brand  them 
as  sans-ailes),  and  had  well  nigh  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  all  the  moving 
creatures  I had  seen  were  of  the  same 
kind,  when  I saw  one  atom  literally 
jump,  alight  about  six  inches  ofiF,  and 
jump  again.  Of  course  I determined  to 
secure  this  dancer,  but  in  making  the 
attempt  I started  several  more,  and  then 
I,  as  if  bewitched,  became  helplessly  in- 
volved in  the  mazes  of  their  dance ; it 
certainly  was  not  for  my  pleasure,  seeing 
I could  not  secure  a partner  Hope, 
Dancing  Dervishes,  Ignis  fatuus, 
Syrens  with  soft  voices  luring  Ulysses 
to  their  dangerous  rocks : all  these 
and  many  other  deceptive  emotions, 
persons  or  things,  have  I heard  of,  but 
never  imagined  anything  so  delusive 
and  elusive  as  these  Hemiptera  that  now 
fled  from  my  outstretched  hands.  A 
sweeping  net  was  of  no  assistance ; they 
refused  to  jump  into  it,  and  lay  flat  when 
it  was  moved  towards  them.  Truly  I 


believe  they  laughed  at  my  frantic 
endeavours  to  capture  them.  At  length, 
utterly  wearied  with  the  chase,  I looked 
out  one  singly  and  fairly  ran  him  to 
earth,  not  sufifering  my  attention  to  be 
diverted  to  his  companions,  winged  and 
wingless,  who  did  their  best  to  distract 
me  as  before.  In  this  way  I succeeded 
in  capturing  a few  of  these  Saldw — three 
species,  of  whose  names  in  the  present 
state  of  knowledge  of  this  genus  the  less 
that  is  said  the  better.  How'ever,  I dis- 
covered one  fact  about  them,  which  is 
that  it  is  only  the  perfect  insect  that 
hops — at  least  the  imperfect  ones  only 
ran  in  my  presence : I can  hardly  think 
that  that  was  a ruse  of  young  Saida. 

J.  W.  Douglas. 

June  3,  1861. 


THE  ORIGIN  OF  SPECIES. 

A New  Song. 

{From  Blackwood’s  Magazine  for  May.) 

Have  you  heard  of  this  question  the 
doctors  among. 

Whether  all  living  things  from  a Monad 
have  sprung  ? 

This  has  lately  been  said,  and  it  now  shall 
be  sung. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Not  one  or  two  ages  sufficed  for  the  feat. 

It  required  a few  millions  the  change  to 
complete; 

But  now  the  thing’s  done  and  it  looks 
rather  neat, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

The  original  Monad,  our  great-great 
grandsire. 

To  little  or  nothing  at  first  did  aspire; 

But  at  last  to  have  offspring  it  took  a 
desire. 

Which  nohody  can  deny. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


79 


This  Monad  becomings  a father  or  mother, 

By  budding  or  bursting  produced  such 
another; 

And  shortly  there  followed  a sister  or 
brother, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

But  Monad  no  longer  designates  them 
well — 

They  ’re  a cluster  of  molecules  now,  or  a 
cell; 

But  which  of  the  two  doctors  only  can  tell, 
Which  nobody  can  deny. 

These  beings,  increasing,  grew  buoyant 
with  life. 

And  each  to  itself  was  both  husband  and 
wife; 

And  at  first,  strange  to  say,  the  two  lived 
without  strife. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

But  such  crowding  together  soon  trouble- 
some grew, 

^nd  they  thought  a division  of  labour 
would  do ; 

So  their  sexual  system  was  parted  in  two, 
Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Thus  Plato  supposes  that,  severed  by  fate. 

Human  halves  run  about  each  in  search 
of  its  mate. 

Never  pleased  till  they  gain  their  original 
state. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Excrescences  fast  were  now  trying  to 
shoot ; 

Some  put  out  a feeler,  some  put  out  a 
foot ; 

Some  set  up  a mouth,  and  some  struck 
down  a root, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

See,  hydras  and  sponges  and  star-fishes 
breed. 

And  flies,  fleas  and  lobsters  in  order 
succeed. 

While  ichthyosauruses  follow  the  lead. 
Which  nobody  can  deny. 


Some,  wishing  to  walk,  manufactured  a 
limb ; 

Some  rigged  out  a fin,  with  a purpose  to 
swim ; 

Some  opened  an  eye,  some  remained  dark 
and  dim, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

From  reptiles  and  fishes  to  birds  we 
ascend. 

And  quadrupeds  next  their  dimensions 
extend. 

Till  we  rise  up  to  monkeys  and  men — 
where  we  end. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Some  creatures  are  bulky,  some  creatures 
are  small. 

As  Nature  sends  food  for  the  few  or  for  all ; 

And  the  weakest  we  know  ever  go  to  the 
wall. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

A deer  with  a neck  that  is  longer  by  half 

Than  the  rest  of  its  family  (try  not  to 
laugh). 

By  stretching  and  stretching  becomes  a 
Giraffe, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

A very  tall  pig,  with  a very  long  nose, 

Sends  forth  a proboscis  quite  down  to 
his  toes ; 

And  he  then  by  the  name  of  Elephant  goes, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

The  four-footed  beast  that  we  now  call  a 
Whale, 

Held  his  hind  legs  so  close  that  they 
grew  to  a tail. 

Which  he  uses  for  threshing  the  sea  like 
a flail. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Pouters,  tumblers  and  fantails  are  from 
the  same  source ; 

The  racer  and  hack  may  be  traced  to  one 
Horse : 

So  men  were  developed  from  Monkeys, 
of  course. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 


80 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


An  Ape  with  a pliable  thumb  and  big 
brain, 

When  the  gift  of  the  gab  he  had  managed 
to  gain, 

As  a Lord  of  Creation  established  his 
reign. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

But  I’m  sadly  afraid,  if  we  do  not  take 
care, 

A relapse  to  low  life  may  our  prospects 
impair; 

So  of  beastly  propensities  let  us  beware. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Their  lofty  position  our  children  may  lose, 

And,  reduced  to  all-fours,  must  then 
narrow  their  views  ; 

Which  would  wholly  unfit  them  for  filling 
our  shoes. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Their  vertebrae  next  might  be  taken  away. 

When  they’d  sink  to  a shell-fish  or  spider, 
some  day. 

Or  the  pitiful  part  of  a polypus  play. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Thus  losing  Humanity’s  nature  and  name. 

And  descending  through  varying  stages 
of  shame. 

They’d  return  to  the  Monad,  from  which 
we  all  came. 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 


Complete  in  Two  Vols.,fcp.  8vo,  cloth, 
price  10s., 

A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
TERFLIES and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Stainton. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

London:  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


The  z 0 o l 0 g I s t.  No.  230, 

price  One  Shilling,  contains; — 

A full  description  of  Dr.  Knagg’s  im- 
proved breeding-cage.  An  account  of  the 
economy  of  Limenitis  Sibylla ; an  ac- 
count of  the  discovery  of  Zygtena  Achil- 
lem  in  Ireland,  by  Edw^aed  Newman. 
Notes  on  British  Eupithecias,  by  Heney 
Doubleday,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  H. 
Haepur  Crewe,  M.A.  Descriptions  of 
the  larvffi  of  Tripheena  fimbria,  Agrotis 
Agathina,  A.  porphyrea,  A.  lucernea, 
A.  Ashworthii,  and  Maesia  belgiaria,  by 
E.  Newman.  Life-histories  of  Sawflies, 
by  J.  W.  May,  Esq.  Strange  habits  of 
Bees  in  Peru,  and  other  entomological 
information. 

Please  ask  for  the  June  number. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Hvo,  cloth, 

The  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 
WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  245.J  SATUEDAY,  JUNE  15,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


X 


HINTS  FOR  OBSERVERS. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  has  issued 
a “ circular  in  reference  to  the  history  of 
North  American  grasshoppers.” 

“ The  grasshoppers  of  North  America,” 
we  are  informed,  “ correspond  to  the 
locusts  of  the  Old  World,  which  commit 
such  ravages  in  Asia  and  Africa.  The 
term  locust  is  applied  in  America  to  a 
widely  different  inseet.” 

“The  Smithsonian  Institution,  being 
desirous  of  obtaining  aeeurate  informa- 
tion respecting  the  grasshopper  tribes  of 
North  America,  calls  the  attention  of  its 
friends  and  correspondents  to  a number 
of  queries  relative  to  this  subject,  drawn 
up  by  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler.” 

These  queries,  sixty-one  in  number, 
have  struck  us  as  likely  to  be  serviceable 
to  those  who  are  engaged  in  working  out 
the  economies  of  other  insects,  and  we 
therefore  reprint  them  for  the  benefit  of 
the  entomological  public  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic. 

1.  Where  does  the  grasshopper  lay  its 
eggs? 

2.  How  does  it  lay  its  eggs  ? with  the 
ovipositor  projected  at  the  time  into  the 
ground,  or  into  a hole  dug  beforehand? 

3.  At  what  depth  does  the  female  de- 
posit her  eggs  ? 


4.  What  kind  of  soil  does  she  prefer 
for  this  purpose  ? 

5.  What  localities,  whether  near 
streams,  on  hill-sides,  in  pits,  or  in 
cavities  ? 

6.  How  often  does  she  lay  her  eggs? 

7.  How  long  does  she  live  after  laying 
them  ? 

8.  Does  she  lay  them  singly  or  in 
clusters  ? 

9.  Does  she  sometimes  lay  them  singly 
and  at  other  times  in  clusters  ? 

10.  What  do  the  eggs  resemble? 

11.  What  is  their  size  ? shape?  colour? 
markings? 

12.  How  much  time  is  oecupied  in 
laying  the  eggs  ? 

13.  What  changes  take  plaee  in  the 
egg  before  it  is  hatched  ? 

14.  How  long  does  the  egg  remain 
before  it  is  hatched  ? 

15.  What  state  of  the  atmosphere  is 
most  favourable  for  its  development  ? 

16.  How  does  the  young  escape  from 
the  egg  ? 

17.  What  is  its  appearance  ? marking? 
size? 

18.  What  places  and  food  does  it 
prefer  ? 

19.  Is  it  capable  of  producing  any 
noise,  and  how  ? 

20.  What  is  its  general  manner  of 
life? 

21.  Does  it  exhibit  any  peculiar 
actions? 

22.  Is  it  ever  pugnacious,  or  destruc- 
tive of  its  own  or  other  kind  of  in- 
sects ? 


M 


S2 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


23.  When  does  its  first  ehange  of  skin 
occur  ? 

24.  What  peculiarities  does  it  then 
exhibit? 

25.  How  long  a time  is  occupied  in 
changing  the  skin  ? 

26.  How  many  changes  of  the  skin 
occur  ? 

27.  What  are  its  peculiarities  after 
each  change  ? 

28.  What  length  of  time  between 
each  change  ? 

29.  How  long  after  its  exclusion  from 
the  egg  does  its  last  moult  occur? 

30.  What  is  the  appearance  of  the 
pupa  ? 

The  remaining  queries  will  take  up 
too  much  space  for  insertion  here : we 
must  recur  to  them  next  week. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
W HOLESALE  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row. 

Retail  of  James  Gardner,  52  High 
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Agent,  &c.  86  North  Lane. 

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High  Street. 

At  Cockermouth,  of  Daniel  Fidler, 
Bookseller. 

At  Darlington,  of  M.  Simonson,  News 
Agent,  Bondgate. 

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25  High  Street. 

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Bookseller,  &c.  High  Street. 

At  Huddersfield,  of  J.  E.  Wheatley 
and  Co.,  Booksellers,  18  New  Street. 


AtKingston-on-Thames,of  W.Bryden, 
Bookseller,  &c.  Apple  Market. 

At  Leatherhead,  of  T.  R.  Negus, 
Chemist  and  Stationer. 

At  Leeds,  of  J.  Fox,  Bookseller,  &c. 
Boundary  Terrace,  Burley  Road. 

At  Maidstone,  of  Messrs.  Nicholsons, 
Brothers,  Printers,  &c.  31  Mill  St. 

At  Middleton,  of  John  Fielding,  Book- 
seller, Wood  Street. 

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6 George  Street. 

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Bridge  Street 

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Agent,  Post  Office,  Barker’s  Pool. 

At  Wakefield,  of  William  Talbot, 
Crystal  Place. 

At  Worcester,  of  G.  Morgan,  Bookseller 
and  News  Agent,  Little  Angel  St. ; 
and  of  J.  Pegg,  Bookseller  and  News 
Agent,  20  Mealeheapen  Street. 

At  York,  of  R.  Sunter,  23  Stonegate. 

Country  Newsvendors  who  have 
this  paper  on  sale  are  requested  to  send 
us  theirnames  and  addresses  to  be  added 
to  the  list. 


Al/  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham,near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 


Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page  . 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


Error  in  Address. — My  address  was 
printed  13  (instead  of  4)  in  one  of  my 
notices,  and  has  caused  a good  deal  of 
trouble. — R.  W.  Weight,  4,  Gloucester 
Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road,  Hackney, 
N.E. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


83 


TO  COREESPONDENTS. 

P.  G.,  St.  Heliers.  — The  insect 
sent  is  Euchelia  Jacobea,  common  in 
England. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoi’teea. 

Captures  in  the  New  Forest,  ^c. — 
Lej)idoptera  are  scarce  this  year  in  the 
New  Forest:  although  I have  met  with 
the  usual  species  I have  before  taken 
here,  specimens  are  not  nearly  so  plenti- 
ful as  during  the  summers  of  1858  and 
1859.  Even  Adela  viridella  has  put  iu 
but  a very  poor  appearance,  as  I have 
not  seen  more  than  two  or  three  at  any 
one  time,  where  in  1858  and  1869  I 
have  seen  hundreds  flying  together.  On 
the  30th  of  May  I was  at  the  locality  for 
Melitcea  Cinxia,  near  Sandown,  Isle  of 
Wight,  and  did  not  see  a single  speci- 
men, although  the  day  was  splendid,  and 
Anthyllis  vulneraria  was  in  full  bloom ; 
the  food-plant  (Plantago  laneeolata)  was 
eaten  but  very  slightly,  and  I failed  in 
discovering  the  pupa  or  pupa-case.  The 
next  day  I went  to  Sandrock,  where,  ou 
the  1st  of  June,  1858,  I took  150  in 
about  three  hours : Sandrock  proved  no 
better  than  Sandown,  with  the  exception 
that  I saw  a specimen  of  Cinxia,  which 
looked  much  the  worse  for  wear.  In  the 
Forest  1 have  taken — 

L.  Sinapis. 

N.  Lucina. 

L.  Argiolus  (one  only), 

N.  Strigulalis. 

L.  Rubricollis  (1). 

N.  Chaonia  (one  worn). 

E.  Advenaria  (2). 

V.  Maculata. 

E.  Dolobraria  (1). 

B,  Cinctaria. 

...  Consortaria. 


T.  Consonaria. 

...  Extersaria  (1). 

I.  Lactearia.  This  and  C.  Reversata 
are  the  only  insects  common  iu 
the  Forest  this  year. 

E Porata. 

...  Punctata. 

...  Triliueata. 

C.  Temerata. 

...  Taminata. 

M.  Euphorbiata  (1).  Usually  com- 
mon here. 

T.  Variata. 

P.  Unguicula  (1), 

E.  Furcula.  The  only  Noctua  I 
have  seen  worth  a pin. 

A.  Myrtilli.  One  hybernated?  the 
first  week  in  May. 

H.  Prasinana. 

T.  Ministrana. 

P.  Cristana.  One  in  May. 

P.  Lecheana. 
li.  Arcuana. 

C.  Ochraceana. 

C.  Rusticana. 

P.  Biatcuana.  : ' i 

...  Lundana.  ■ ' ' ' 

...  Mitterbacheriana.  • 

S.  Lunulana.  | 

...  Perlepidana. 

...  Puncticostana. 

...  Germarana. 

P.  Rheedaua. 

...  Reliquana. 

T.  Lappella. 

I.  Pectinea. 

...  Oehlmanniella. 

...  Capitella. 

M.  Thuubergella  (1). 

...  Subpurpurella. 

N.  Swammerdamella. 

...  Schwarziella. 

H.  Fasciellus. 

C.  Festaliella. 

— W.  Faeren,  Brockenhurst,  New  Forest, 
Hants ; June  9. 

Coleoptera. 

Captures  in  the  New  Forest. — Among 


84 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


rotten  wood  and  fungus  I have  taken  the 
following : — 

Scaphidium  quadrimaculatum, 

Ips  quadriguttatus, 

Rhj'zophagus  femigineus, 
bipustulatus, 
Thymaliis  liinhatus, 

Bitoma  cienata, 

Cerylon  hisleroides, 

Mycetophagus  atomavia. 

— W.  Fasren. 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

Lasioeampa  Quercus  or  Callunce. — In 
reply  to  Mr.  M‘Lachlan’s  question  as  to 
the  identity  of  the  species  bred  from 
pupse  collected  in  the  spring,  I must 
confess  niy  inability  (as  some  years  have 
intervened  since  I collected  any  pupae  of 
X.  Quercus)  to  make  any  definite  reply. 
From  various  reasons,  however,  I must 
say  that  were  they  Callunce,  and,  as  I 
had  not  then  heard  of  that  variety  of 
Quercus,  they  might  have  been,  I can 
assure  him  that  several  of  my  males 
paired  vvith  females  which  had  remained 
in  pupae  the  usual  time.  Also,  as  by 
stinting  the  larvae  in  food  retards  thus 
considerably  their  development  (which 
I have  more  than  once  myself  done),  I 
cannot  think  that  those  which  remain 
till  spring  can  be  a different  species ; for 
I believe  it  is  considered  to  be  contrary 
to  the  law  of  Nature  to  change  one  spe- 
cies into  another,  even  when  assisted  by 
the  most  perfect  artificial  means.  Be- 
lievers in  Darwin  may  think  otherwise, 
but  they  are  in  a respectable  minorit}. 
I think  if  Mr  M‘Lachlan  had  carefully 
read  ray  notice,  he  would  have  seen  the 
manifest  improbability,  on  account  of  the 
latter  circumstance,  of  such  an  occur- 
rence. I have,  however,  written  to  a 
friend  in  the  North,  asking  him  to  send 
me  any  spring  pupae  he  may  have; 
and,  by  that  means,  I hope  to  throw 


some  additional  light  upon  the  sub* 
ject. — E.  Tyrer,  Crouch  End,  Hornsey  ; 
June  6. 

Acidalia  inornata. — I am  happy  to 
say  that  I have  succeeded  in  breeding 
this  insect  from  eggs  laid  by  a female 
last  August.  The  young  larvte  made 
their  appearance  in  about  fifteen  days, 
and  fed  on  sallow  until  the  beginning  of 
November,  then  they  began  to  be  stupid, 
and  ceased  to  feed,  though  during  the 
winter  months  I tried  them  with  any- 
thing that  was  green,  but  all  to  no  use. 
I never  saw  that  they  touched  anything 
until  the  beginning  of  April,  when  they 
moulted  their  last  skin,  and  I supplied 
them  with  Vaccinium  myrtillus,  which 
they  fed  on  ; no  doubt  that  plant  will 
prove  to  be  their  natural  food,  though  I 
have  searched  for  the  larvae  at  the  locality 
this  spring,  but  failed  to  find  any.  I 
should  be  very  happy  to  hear  from  any 
entomologist  that  is  in  the  habit  of  cap- 
turing this  insect,  if  it  occurs  in  a locality 
where  Vaccinium  myrtillus  does  not 
abound;  that  will  put  the  question  at 
rest  at  once. — James  Batty,  133,  South 
Street,  Park,  Sheffield  ; June  5. 


EXCHANGE. 

Arclia  Caja. — I have  larvae  of  this  in- 
sect, which  I should  be  glad  to  exchange 
for  any  local  variety  of  butterfly.  I have 
also  larvae  of  Ligdia  adustata  to  exchange 
for  Gonepteryx  Rhamni,  and  a quantity 
of  Abraxas  Grossulariata  for  any  other 
variety.  If  any  one  is  in  want  of 
either  of  these  two  last-named  species,  I 
will  send  a few'  on  receipt  of  boxes  ad- 
dressed and  stamped.  Those  who  have 
anything  to  exchange  to  write  before 
sendinghoxes. — John  Russell,  Halling- 
bury  Place  Gardens,  Bishop  Stortford; 
June  10. 

Bombyx  Callunce. — W.  Sbipston,  3, 
Lower  Brunswick  Street,  Halifax,  will 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


85 


send  ova  of  this  variety  on  receipt  of 
envelope  properly  addressed ; in  ex- 
change for  which  he  will  be  glad  to 
receive  ova,  larvse  or  pupse  of  any  other 
species. 

Biston  Hirtaria.  — We  have  again 
larva  of  this  species,  which  we  shall  be 
happy  to  supply  to  those  gentlemen  we 
were  unable  to  oblige  last  year,  or  to  any 
others  who  may  care  to  breed  the  insect, 
on  receipt  of  a box  with  return  postage. 
— C.  & J.  Fenn,  Clyde  Villa,  Lee; 
June  7. 

Biston  Hirtaria. — Having  distributed 
several  hundreds  of  the  larvae  of  this 
species,  I beg  to  announce  that  my  stock 
is  exhausted.  I have  been  enabled  to 
supply  all  applicants,  but  have  not  had 
time  to  write  to  each  individually,  for 
which  I hope  they  will  consider  this  as 
an  excuse. — R.  W.  Wright,  4,  Gloucester 
Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road,  Hackney, 
N.E.;  June  10. 

Hemerophila  abruptaria. — I have  a 
few  of  this  species  to  distribute.  Can 
any  gentleman  requiring  it  help  me  with 
the  Lithosia  genus  ? anything  but  Rubri- 
collis  or  Complanula  will  be  acceptable  : 
still  I wish  my  offer  to  be  understood  as 
gratuitous,  and,  so  far  as  my  stock  will 
suffice,  I shall  be  happy  to  supply  all 
applicants.  A letter  before  sending  a 
box  will  oblige,  that  the  demand  may 
not  be  greater  than  the  supply.  — F. 
Lovell  Keays,  33,  Gloucester  Place, 
Kentish  Town,  London,  N.  fV. ; June  1 0. 

Melanippe  tristata. — This  species  is 
out  in  our  woods,  and  I shall  be  glad  to 
hear  from  any  gentleman  in  want  of  it: 
I shall  have  ova  to  spare  shortly  for  any 
one  wishing  to  rear  it.  If  boxes  are 
sent  return  postage  will  be  acceptable. 
Parties  had  better  write  first  stating 
what  number  they  require. — W.  Thomas, 
Ho.  7 Court,  Tom  Cross  Lane,  Sheffield  ; 
June  8. 

Exchange. — I shall  feel  much  obliged 
to  any  one  who  can  assist  me  with  l;uv:e 
of  the  following  species,  and  will  make 


the  best  return  in  my  power  at  the  end 
of  the  season  : — 

E.  Tiliaria,  A.  Prodromaria, 

A.  Atropos,  A.  Betularia. 

S.  Tilise,  P.  Populi, 

C.  Dominula,  N.  Dictaea. 

T shall  be  absent  from  home  after  the 
14th  inst.  for  a short  time,  and  will  thank 
my  correspondents  not  to  send  any  boxes 
after  the  \2th  until  they  hear  of  my 
return. — E.  W.  Weight,  4,  Gloucester 
Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road,  Hackney, 
N.E. ; June  3. 

Exchange. — I have  a quantity  of  A. 
Ulmaria,  in  fine  condition,  of  which  I 
shall  be  most  happy  to  send  specimens  to 
any  gentleman  in  want  of  them,  on  re- 
ceipt of  a box  and  return  postage. — 
James  T.  J.  Hind,  Croxdale,  near  Dur- 
ham; June  4. 

Insects  for  Birds'  Eggs. — I have  the 
following  in  duplicate: — 

A.  Lathonia, 

M.  Cinxia, 

C.  Edusa,  var.  Helice, 

P.  Daplidice  (1), 

D.  Euphorbiae  (2  or  3), 

X.  Citrago, 

which  I shall  be  glad  to  send  any  one 
for  birds’  eggs.  My  wants  are  too  nu- 
merous to  specify.  Please  write  first. — 
F.  P.  Johnson,  Woodbum,  St.  Saviour  s, 
Jersey. 


DOINGS  IN  THE  NEIGHBOURHOOD 
OF  STETTIN. 


I HAVE  now  been  here  just  a week,  and 
as  I have  not  been  altogether  idle,  it 
may  be  as  well  to  give  some  account  of 
one’s  proceedings  here.  Stettin  is  very 
much  improved  in  the  last  six  years,  for 
lliere  are  now  two  good  Micro-Lepi- 
dopterists  here:  when  I mention  that 
they  are  so  advanced  as  to  crawl  about 
on  their  stomachs  on  the  herbage,  my 


86 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


Mici-o-veaders  will  at  once  understand 
the  proficiency  they  have  attained. 

The  day  after  our  arrival  here  we  pro- 
ceeded to  Hokendorf,  taking  with  us 
Dr.  Schleich,  one  of  these  Micro-Lepi- 
dopterists,  and  as  soon  as  we  were  in  the 
garden  there,  we  at  once  started  towards 
a little  fir  wood,  where  Artemisia  cam- 
pestris  and  Gnaphalium  arenarium  grew 
in  some  plenty.  Here  we  sought  on 
both  these  plants,  and  soon  found  traces 
of  a Coleophora  larva  on  the  Artemisia, 
and  presently  we  fell  in  with  three  of  the 
larvae  of  C.  succursella — a species  I had 
received  from  Frankfort-on-the-Main,biit 
had  never  before  taken.  The  Gnaphalium 
furnished  a plentiful  supply  of  pupae  of 
Bucculatrix  Gnaplialiella.  The  larches 
overhead  were  tenanted  by  Coleophora 
Laricella,  and  the  wild  cherries  were 
thickly  populated  with  Coleophora  He- 
merobiella,  and  I had  abundant  oppor- 
tunity of  studying  the  juvenile  case  of 
that  species,  as  many  of  the  leaves  bore 
the  empty  curved  case  of  the  young 
larva ; it  has  considerable  resemblance  to 
the  case  of  C.  Vitisella,  but  is  more 
curved  than  that ; the  adult  case,  as  is 
well  known,  is  almost  perfectly  straight. 
C.  Hemerobiella  seems  very  plentiful  in 
this  neighbourhood,  aud  I have  noticed 
it  both  on  quince,  and  hawthorn,  though 
it  certainly  seems  most  plentiful  on 
cherry. 

The  next  day  several  of  the  Stettin 
entomologists  came  out  to  Hokendorf, 
and  amongst  tljem  the  other  Micro- 
Lepidopterist,  a nephew  of  Professor 
Bering : he  brought  with  him  some  cases 
of  Coleophora  onosmella,  which  he  had 
met  with  en  route.  Dr.  Schleich  was 
again  of  the  party,  so  we  three  Micro- 
Lepidopterists  kept  together,  and  went  to 
the  skirts  of  the  beeeh  forest,  where,  on 
Astragalus  glycyphjllus,  we  collected,  in 


some  plenty,  the  larvee  of  Coleophora 
serenella.  Here  also  we  found  three  other 
case-bearers,  though  of  a diflferent  genus, 
which  I will  bring  home  with  me,  if  they 
will  kindly  travel  so  far:  I am  told  they 
are  Psyche  graminelia.  We  then  tried 
the  interior  of  the  wood,  as  my  com- 
panions were  anxious  to  see  the  larva  of 
Chauliodus  Illigerellus,  but  we  were  un- 
able to  meet  with  any.  We  wandered  in 
the  interior  of  the  beech  forest  for  some 
time,  till  we  were  quite  tired  of  finding 
nothing,  and  then  emerged  to  daylight, 
just  at  a dry  hillock,  where  there  was  a 
considerable  variety  of  vegetation,  and 
one  plant,  which  I did  not  recognise,  I 
was  told  was  Cucuhalus  Otites  (it  will  be 
remembered  that  this  is  the  food-plant  of 
Coleophora  Otita).  We  then  sought  a 
sandy  slope,  where  Artemisia  campeslris 
and  Gnaphalium  arenarium  grew  very 
freely,  and  here  we  found  several  Cole- 
ophora succursella,  and,  to  our  great  de- 
light, a Depressaria  ? larva  in  the  tips 
of  Artemisia  campestris ; we  only  found 
two,  the  younger  Hering  having  the  good 
luck  to  find  the  first : it  is  not  yet  known 
what  species  this  larva  will  produce;  it 
is  described  in  Treitschke’s  work  as  the 
larva  of  Depressaria  alhipunctella.  but  we 
know  the  larva  of  alhipunctella,  which  is 
very  different,  and  feeds  on  Umbelliferae. 
On  the  Gnaphalium  we  found  plenty  of 
pupae  and  one  larva  of  Bucculatrix 
Gnaphaliella,  and  Dr.  Schleich  met  with 
a few  larvm  of  Coleophora  Gnaphalii. 
We  searched  very  assiduously  on  this 
plant,  because  when  I was  in  this  locality 
six  years,  ago  I collected  larvae  on  that 
plant,  but,  as  I imagined,  only  of  the 
Coleophora  and  Bucculatrix,  but  after  I 
reached  home,  to  my  surprise  and  delight, 
I bred  a specimen  of  Stagmalophora  pom- 
posella,  the  larva  of  which  I must  have 
unknowingly  collected.  So  we  searched 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


87 


in  the  hearts  of  the  Gnaphalium  for 
sli'ange  larvae,  nor  were  we  disappointed  ; 
the  first  that  came  to  light  was  a very  fat, 
rather  hairy  creature,  a trifle  too  large, 
I thought,  fur  pomposella,  and  with  a 
general  appearance  not  unlike  a Ptero- 
phorus  larva ; however,  we  collected  these 
with  some  eagerness,  and  it  was  not  till 
the  next  morning,  when  I was  describing 
the  larva,  that  I discovered  it  had  only 
twelve  legs  ; this  of  course  at  once  altered 
the  current  of  my  ideas  respecting  it,  and 
I believe  I am  now  correct  in  referring 
it  to  Eraslna  paula,  a small  species 
which  flies  amongst  Gnaphalium  aren- 
arium,  aud  is  by  no  means  uncommon. 
The  next  strange  larva  that  we  found  in 
the  hearts  of  the  Gnaphalium  is  also 
rather  a singular-looking  creature,  but  I 
am  half  afraid  it  may  prove  to  be  only  a 
Pyralis  larva.  On  the  bushes  of  Xylos- 
teum  periclymenum,  in  the  garden,  we 
found  the  larvae  of  Gelechia  Mouffetella, 
hut  not  so  plentifully  as  usual. 

H.  T.  Staixxox. 
Stettin,  June  7,  1861. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THE  NEW  FOREST. 

Except  for  a few  hours  last  autumn  I 
had  not  seen  the  New  Forest  since  1844, 
until  the  23rd  ult.,  when  I went  to 
Brockenhurst,  and  entered  the  Forest  by 
the  road  that  leads  in  a straight  line  to 
Lyndhurst.  Now,  as  then,  you  see  the 
road  for  miles  before  you,  and  the  fringe 
of  trees  on  either  side  still  remains,  the 
axe  of  the  woodman  not  having  come 
quite  so  far,  although  its  effects  are  ad- 
jacent. These  effects  are  the  stumps  of  the 
oaks  felled  last  year,  which  project  only 
a few  inches  above  the  ground.  The 
bark  still  adheres,  loosely  at  lop,  tightly 


lower  down,  and  covers  the  sap,  which, 
more  dead  than  alive,  forms  a fermenting 
paste,  smelling  strongly  of  gallic  acid. 
It  is  doubtless  this  secretion  that  attracts 
the  beetles  that  assemble  under  the  bark, 
but  I fancy  that  different  species  like  it 
in  different  stages  of  decomposition,  some 
preferring  it  quite  fresh,  and  others — 
more  of  gourmands  in  their  taste — like  it 
when  it  has  become  “ high  ” and  savoury. 
On  the  contrary,  there  are  some  species 
that  seem  to  love  the  narrow  subcortical 
quarters  simply,  on  account  of  their  seclu- 
sion ; such  is  Bitoma  crenata,  which 
swarms  in  the  driest  places,  and  might 
be  seen  in  the  hottest  sunshine  dancing 
a pas  seul  over  the  surface  of  the  stumps, 
darting  in  the  pauses  of  its  gyrations 
into  the  crevices  with  which  the  stumps, 
abound.  The  very  first  bit  of  bark  that 
I raised  off  the  very  first  stump  I came 
to  disclosed  an  insect  that  I caught  in 
some  abundance  in  Hainanlt  Forest  in 
1841 — Pediacus  dermestoides,  but  never 
once  since,  though  I have  often  sought 
for  it;  I thought  this  was  a grand  be- 
ginning, but  it  was  the  ending  too,  as 
far  as  this  species  was  concerned,  for 
although  I spared  no  pains  I could  not 
get  another.  When  I came  to  the  next 
stump  I looked,  I suspect,  much  as 
Robinson  Crusoe  looked  when  he  found 
that  his  island  was  inhabited,  for  it  ex- 
hibited unmistakeable  marks  of  having 
been  worked,  and  all  the  surrounding 
stumps  gave  similar  evidence  that  I was 
only  second  hand.  I afterwards  dis- 
covered that  by  the  exigencies  of  col- 
lecting the  “bark”  would  be  converted 
into  “bite,”  and  that  beetles  would  be 
turned  inlo  farinaceous  food. 

Afterwards  in  another,  and  unworked, 
lot  of  stumps  I did  better,  for  there  I 
took,  among  other  things-. — 

Ips  4-guttata, 

..  4 -punctata, 

Epuvsea  obsoleta. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Epurtea  florea, 

Rhyzopliagus  ferriigineus, 

...  pert'oralus, 
clepressus, 

Cerylon  histeioides, 
feiTugiueum. 

Scattered  about  among  the  stumps  are 
pieces  of  oak  timber,  stripped  of  their 
bark,  and  left,  apparently,  to  perish. 
Underneath  one  of  these,  and  adhering 
to  it,  were  several  Scaphidium  4-macu- 
lalum,  who  were  as  much  surprised  to 
see  me  as  I was  to  meet  them,  but  they 
exhibited  no  desire  to  be  further  ac- 
quainted with  me,  and  some  of  them 
would  not  be  detained.  In  a similar 
situation  I found  Liodes  humeralis,  Bap- 
tolinus  alternans  and  Bolitochara  bella. 
Here  and  there  in  the  Forest  is  a dead 
oak  with  its  bark  on,  sometimes  standing, 
sometimes  cut  down.  Under  the  bark 
of  such  trees  I found — 

Thyraalus  limbatus, 

Mycetochares  bipustulatus, 

Ampedus  lythropterus, 

Philonthus  splendidulus, 

Homalota  cuspidata, 

...  plana, 

...  sequata, 

and,  under  the  loose  bark  of  a beech  tree, 
Mycetophagus  atomarius  and  Litargus 
bifasciatus,  both  abundant.  ^ 

Hunting  bark  is  at  times  rather  tedious 
work,  for  you  may  continue  searching 
without  finding  anything  worth  taking, 
until  there  comes  an  excitement  in  the 
shape  of  something  rarer,  then  attention 
becomes  fixed  and  the  tired  arm  is 
strong  again.  So  I spent  three  days 
hunting  under  bark,  there  being  little 
inducement  to  do  anything  else.  There 
was  scarcely  any  blossom  on  the  white- 
thorn, so  that  a prolific  source  of  beetles 
was  not  accessible.  One  might  walk  for 
half  a mile  and  not  see  a handful  of 
bloom,  and  when  he  shook  it  find 
nothing  more  than  Cyckramus  fungicola 
and  sundry  Anaspis ; at  least,  such  was 
my  fate.  The  only  thing  worth  mention 
that  I got  by  beating  was  Corymbites 


Quercus,  but  I believe  the  cold  season 
had  something  to  do  with  this  want ; 
and  the  presence  of  Ampedus  lythropterus 
under  the  bark  made  me  think  that  other 
species  had  not  yet  left  their  breeding 
places  or  winter  quarters. 

I met  Mr.  Farren,  who  is  on  a col- 
lecting expedition  in  the  Forest,  and  had 
been  there  for  several  weeks:  he  showed 
me  his  captures  during  that  time,  and 
there  was  nothing  among  the  beetles  that 
he  had  not  obtained  by  digging  out.  The 
Lepidoptera  he  reported  as  being  scarce, 
but  the  season  for  many  good  species  had 
not  arrived,  so  that  it  was  too  soon  to  come 
to  any  general  conclusion  respecting  the 
scarcity  of  species  this  year. 

J.  W.  D0UGt4AS. 

Lee,  June  8. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer  * 

Sir, — On  the  1st  inst.,  you  prophesied 
that  the  Entomological  Society  would, 
on  the  3rd,  meet  at  12,  Bedford  Row  for 
the  last  time,  but 

The  best  laid  schemes  of  mice  and  men 
Gang  aft  a-gley,’* 

and  so  in  this  instance,  when  it  was 
accounted  as  good  as  settled  that  the 
Society  was  to  remove  to  another  house, 
the  negotiations  suddenly  fell  through, 
and  the  Society  remains  in  possession  of 
its  rooms  for  a short  time  longer. 

I thought  it  necessary  to  send  you  this 
note,  as  from  the  tenour  of  your  article, 
many  persons,  in  doubt  of  the  Society’s 
locality,  might  be  inconvenienced. 

1 am,  sir. 

Yours,  &c., 

J,  W.  Douglas, 

12,  Bedford  Row,  Pres.  Eut.  Soc. 

June  10, 1861, 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. ^Saturday,  June  15, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  246.]  SATUEDAY,  JUNE  22,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


HINTS  FOE  OBSERVERS. 

We  last  week  commenced  the  series 
of  sixty-one  questions  propounded  to 
Transatlantic  entomologists  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  in  reference 
to  the  history  of  North-American  grass- 
hoppers, and  we  left  off  at  the  thirtieth 
question,  “ What  is  the  appearance  of 
the  pupa?”  We  now  proceed  with 
the  remaining  thirty-one  questions. 

31.  Does  it  change  its  skin? 

32.  When  and  how  often  does  it 
moult? 

33.  Does  it  ever  feed  while  moulting  ? 

34.  Does  it  change  its  food  after 
moulting  ? 

35.  What  changes  take  place  in  its 
habits  or  manners  ? 

36.  What  remarkable  appearance  does 
it  ever  present  ? 

37.  When  does  it  become  full  winged? 

38.  Does  it  ever  moult  after  becoming 
full  winged  ? 

39.  What  changes  in  habits  or  man- 
ners then  occur  ? 

40.  What  comparative  difference  is 
there  in  the  size  of  the  sexes  ? 

41.  When  does  the  male  unite  with 
the  female?, 

42.  What  is  the  length  of  time  re- 
quired for  the  act? 


43.  What  peculiarities  are  observed 
at  this  time  ? 

44.  How  much  time  elapses  between 
the  act  and  the  laying  of  the  eggs? 

45.  How  long  does  the  male  live  after 

the  act  ? * 

46.  How  long  does  the  female  live 
after  laying  the  eggs  ? 

47.  Does  the  female  ever  make  a 
noise,  and  how  ? 

48.  How  does  the  male  produce  his 
note? 

49.  At  what  time  is  he  most  noisy  ? 

50.  What  variations  of  instinct  have 
been  remarked  in  either  sex  ? 

51.  What  condition  of  the  atmosphere 
seems  most  favourable  for  their  in- 
crease ? 

52.  What  other  physical  conditions 
favour  them  ? 

53.  What  physical  conditions  are  most 
unfavourable  to  them? 

54.  What  physical  or  other  conditions 
cause  them  to  migrate  ? 

55.  How  far  has  their  migratory  flight 
been  known  to  extend  ? 

56.  What  times  do  they  prefer  for 
migrating  ? 

57.  What  vegetable  and  other  sub- 
stances are  repugnant  to  them  ? 

58.  Do  odours  of  any  kind  affect  them 
in  any  particular  way  ? 

59.  Through  how  extended  a district 
have  their  ravages  been  noticed  ? 

60.  What  remedies  have  been  used  to 
prevent  their  ravages? 

61.  How  far  has  each  remedy  been 
successful  ? 


N 


90 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLTGENCEK. 


The  Circular  concludes  with  the  fol- 
lowing observation : — 

“ A very  small  amount  of  time  ap- 
propriated to  observing  these  insects 
may  bring  about  results  of  the  most 
weighty  importance.  It  is  useless  to 
attempt]  to  prevent  the  destruction  oc- 
casioned by  any  species  of  insect  until 
a suflScient  acquaintance  with  its  eco- 
nomy is  effected.” 


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All  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsjield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S .E . No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


TO  COERESPONDENTS. 


P.  H.  Russ. — A well-known  remedy. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


91 


CAPTUBES, 

Lepidopteea. 

Euchelia  Jacobece. — I have  just  caught 
a very  pretty  variety  of  this  beautiful  but 
common  insect,  which  occurs  here  this 
year  in  far  greater  profusion  than  I ever 
remember  it  to  have  occurred  before.  My 
specimen  has  the  markings  on  the  upper 
wings  of  a bright  ochre-yellow,  while  the 
under  wings  are  of  a delicate  buff. — 
S.  Stone,  Brighlhampton ; June  17. 

Cucullia  Chamomillce. — I beg  to  in- 
form you  that  I have  captured  upwards 
of  200  larvse  of  this  insect,  some  of  which 
are  full  grown,  and  about  entering  the 
pupa  state. — J.  B.  Rydek,  5,  Navy  Row, 
MoriceTown;  June  11. 

Scoria  Dealbata. — On  the  10th  and 
11th  inst.  Mr.  H.  Foster,  silversmith,  of 
this  place,  and  myself,  succeeded  in  cap- 
turing over  one  hundred  specimens  of 
the  above-named  rare  moth,  in  beautiful 
condition,  several  of  which  were  found  on 
the  high  grass,  just  come  from  the  pupa, 
with  the  wings  not  then  developed ; and 
since  Mr.  Dowset  and  Mr.  R.  Down,  of 
this  place,  have  taken  over  fifty  more  at 
the  same  spot. — Alexander  Russell, 
Ashford,  Kent;  June  18. 

Captures  in  the  New  Forest. — A little 
mistake  was  made  last  week  at  page  83, 
line  3 from  top;  C.reversata  should  have 
been  Cidonia  russata,  and  when  I said 
“ T.  lactearia.  This  and  C.  russata  are 
the  only  insects  common  in  the  Forest 
this  year,”  I should  have  said  “ the  only 
Lepidoptera,”  for,  good  lack ! those  con- 
founded Diptera,  which  have  such  a 
liking  for  human  blood,  are  common 
enough  — I might  say  enough  and  to 
spare.  During  last  week  the  following 
have  appeared : — 

Aporia  Crataegi.  1 have  seen  but 
three  specimens ; usually  common  in  the 
Forest  by  this  time,  and  should  be  nearly 
over. 


Euthemonia  russula.  Scarce ; usually 
very  common  here. 

Arctia  villica  (1). 

Acosmetia  caliginosa.  Thirty-three 
specimens  have  fallen  victims  to  the  net 
and  pin. 

Aspilates  strigillaria.  Common. 

Eubolia  palurabaria.  Do. 

— W.  Farren,  Brockenhurst,  New  Forest, 
Hants;  June  17. 

Captures  near  Gloucester.  — Among 
others  I have  lately  captured  M.  Artemis 
and  the  rather  scarce  A.  Baumanniana 
freely ; while,  near  the  withy  beds  on  the 
banks  of  the  Severn,  I have  taken  T.  For- 
micceforme,  in  the  same  places  as  last 
year.  P.  Alsus  I took  in  some  abund- 
ance on  the  hills  at  Dursley,  in  spite  of 
a high  wind  ; they  were  accompanied 
by  N.  Plantaginis,  A.  Euphrosyne,  and, 
strange  to  say,  that  lover  of  damp  places 
M.  Artemis ; this  latter  species  I per- 
ceived was  much  worn  : two  of  its  food- 
plants,  scabious  and  plantain,  were 
abundant,  although  at  an  elevation  of 
several  hundred  feet  above  the  vale. — 
J.  Merein,  Gloucester ; June  17. 

Coleoptera. 

Captures  in  the  Vicinity  of  Newcastle. 
— Since  my  last  communication  I have 
taken  the ‘following ; — 

Clivina  collaris 
Leistus  spiuibarbis 
...  ferruginous 
Nebria  Gyllenhalii 
Beinbidium  femoratum 
...  tibiale 

...  nitidulum 

...  decorum 

Hydroporus  septentrionalis 
Philonthus  carbonarius 
Anthophagus  caraboides 
Lesteva  bicolor 
Olophrum  piceura 
Lathrimeum  atrocephalum 
Scaphidiura  quadrimaculatum 
Hister  cadaverinus 
...  carbonarius 


92 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER 


Saprinus  rugifrons 
...  mariiitmis 
Epuraea  sestiva 
...  florea 
Lacon  tnurinus 
Athous  hstnorrhoidalis 
Elodes  pallida 
Cyphon  coarctatus 
Telephorus  abdominalis 
...  pellucidus 
...  bicolor 
...  clypeatus 
Mallbodes  marginatus 
Anaspis  frontalis 
...  ruficollis 
...  subtestacea 
...  maculata 
Polydrusus  undatus 
Otiorhyiichus  sulcatus 
Dorytomus  maculatus 
Grypidius  equiseti 
Cryptorhynchus  Lapatbi 
Pogonocherus  hispidus 
Luperus  flavipes,  &c. 

Water-beetles,  up  to  the  present  time, 
are  extremely  scarce;  even  the  most 
common  species  seem  to  have  vanished. 
Insects  in  general  are  far  from  numerous. 
• — V.  R.  Peekins,  Newcastle ; June  14. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Acidalia  inornaia. — In  this  week’s  im- 
pression I see  a note  from  Mr.  Batty 
respecting  this  insect.  If  any  onq  has 
reared  it  on  Vaccinium  Myrlillus  I 
doubt  if  that  would  settle  the  question, 
for  I think  it  can  be  successfully  reared 
on  almost  any  low  plant — certainly  on 
any  of  the  grasses.  I find  it  occurs  most 
in  the  lower  parts  of  woods  and  lanes, 
where  not  a vestige  of  V.  myrtillus  can 
be  found  for  miles.  I believe  it  may  be 
found  wherever  its  companion,  A.  aversata, 
is;  in  fact,  I have  found  all  the  young 
collectors  that  I am  acquainted  with 
have  the  two  species  blended  together. 


In  fairness  to  Mr.  Batty,  I ought  to  say 
it  was  he  that  first  pointed  out  the 
dififerences  of  the  two  species  to  myself. 
I and  several  of  my  correspondents  have 
bred  the  above-named  species  this  year, 
and  find  that  they  do  well  on  Polygonum 
aviculare  or  grasses : they  eat  very  little 
in  the  winter  months,  and  are  in  the 
larva  stage  a little  over  ten  months, 
which  makes  them  rather  tedious  to  rear. 
— William  Thomas,  No,  7 Court,  Tom 
Cross  Lane,  Sheffield  ; June  16. 


EXCHANGE. 

Nemeobius  Lucina.  — I have  a few 
duplicates  of  this  insect,  for  which  I 
should  be  glad  to  receive  ofiers  of  ex- 
change. Persons  wishing  to  exchange 
had  better  write  first,  and  those  not  re- 
ceiving answers  within  a week  must  con- 
clude that  their  offers  are  not  accepted. 
— E.'B.  Brackenbory,  St.Peter^s  Coll., 
Radley,  Abingdon,  Berks. 

Cucullia  Chamomilla. — I have  larvse 
of  this  insect  in  duplicate,  also  pupae  of 
Epunda  lichenea,  which  I should  like  to 
exchange  for  larvae,  pupae  or  good  imagos 
of  any  of  the  following : — 

Colias  Hyale 
Apalura  Iris 
Thecla  Betulae 
Melitaea  Artemis 
Steropes  Paniscus 
Pamphila  Actaeou 
Sphinx  Convolvuli 
Deilephila  Euphorbiae 
Leiocampa  Dictaea 
Lithosia  Quadra 
Gastropacha  Quercifolia 
...  Ilicifolia 
Endromis  Versicolora  ($) 

Aplecta  Occulta 
...  Advena 
...  Tincta 
Brephos  Parthenias 
...  Notha 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


93 


Plusia  Orichalcea 
Calocala  Promissa 
...  SpoQsa 

— R.  P.  Haevie,  8,  Keppel  Place,  Slolce, 
Devon;  June  17. 


DOINGS  IN  THE  NEIGHBOURHOOD 
OF  STETTIN. 

(Continued  from,p.  87.) 

The  day  after  our  return  to  Stettin  an 
excursion  was  made  to  Julow  and  Frau- 
endorf;  here  we  found  the  leaves  of 
Aira  eoespitosa  abundantly  tenanted  by 
larvae,  which  I imagine  are  those  of 
Elachista  Airce;  we  also  found  a few 
paler  larvae  in  the  same  leaves,  which  are 
probably  Elachista  albifrontella ; in  a 
damp  part  of  the  wood,  just  in  such  a 
locality  as  I found  it  six  years  ago  at 
Hokendorf,  we  stumbled  on  Chauliodus 
Illigerellus ; the  larvae  were  about  full 
fed ; a few  had  crept  into  the  unex- 
panded flower-heads  to  revel  on  the 
young  buds.  In  this  part  of  the  wood 
we  found  many  plants  of  Rhamnus  fran- 
gula,  and  I searched  for  drooping  shoots 
like  those  noticed  at  Guildford  three  years 
ago,  but  without  success,  though  why  I 
cannot  understand,  as  a specimen  of 
Laverna  Rkamnella  taken  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood was  shown  me.  On  Genista 
tinctoria  I fancied  I saw  traces  of  larvae  of 
Gelechia  lentiginosella,  but  no  larvae 
were  visible, — perhaps  it  is  already  too 
late;  of  Coleophora  Vibicella  we  saw  no 
symptoms,  but  I found  one  larva  of  the 
Coleophora  of  the  G.  tinctoria,  which  the 
Frankfort  entomologists  call  Onobry- 
chiella.  One  of  the  parly  (Herr  Miller) 
dislodged,  by  sweeping  amongst  tbe 
Genista,  some  specimens  of  Cemiostoma 
Wailesella.  Orobus  niger  grows  freely  in 
this  wood,  and  as  a specimen  of  Grad- 


laria  Imperialella  was  taken  here  last 
June,  Dr.  Schleich  and  Herr  Hering 
are  fully  determined  to  find  the  larva 
here  before  the  end  of  the  season. 

We  then  turned  away  from  the  wood 
to  a more  open  part  of  the  country, 
where  I noticed  a strange  Centaurea, 
which  I was  told  was  C.  paniculata ; this 
is  the  plant  which  Professor  Zeller  ima- 
gines produces  Parasia  Paucipunctella . 
We  were  now  steering  for  the  precise 
spot  where,  in  1855,  Professor  Zeller  and 
I had  met  with  the  larva  of  Coleophora 
Ballotella  on  the  Ballota  nigra  (though 
at  the  time  I believe  we  both  mistook  it 
for  that  of  C.  ochripennella) ; Professor 
Zeller  had  indicated  to  the  Lepidopterisls 
here  the  locality  so  precisely  that  they 
had  no  difficulty  in  taking  me  direct  to 
the  spot,  where,  alas  ! however,  no  larvse 
were  to  be  found.  Possibly  in  1855 
Professor  Zeller  or  I had  been  so  greedy 
in  collecting  the  larvte,  which  are  pretty 
conspicuous,  that  we  had  extirpated  the 
brood ; certainly  I had  never  then  ex- 
pected to  come  back  to  the  identical  spot 
in  search  of  it. 

To  compensate  for  this  disappoint- 
ment, the  next  day  I found  the  larvae  of 
C.  Ballotella,  in  some  plenty,  close  to  the 
town  of  Stettin,  and  they  are  now  feeding 
very  comfortably  on  Ballota  placed  in 
water  on  the  table  before  me. 

H.  T.  Stainton. 

Stettin,  June.  7,  1861. 


NEAR  SOUTHAMPTON. 

About  three  miles  out  of  Southampton, 
on  the  road  to  Winchester,  in  a lane 
leading  from  the  main  road  by  the  side 
of  a plantation,  the  boundary  of  the  de- 
mesne is  formed  by  a high  sandy  bank. 


94 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


which,  when  I saw  it  last  September, 
was  full  of  ants  of  several  species,  and 
then,  as  the  author  of  the  ‘ Elegy  written 
in  a Country  Churchyard’  said  Melan- 
choly had  done  to  himself,  so  I did  to 
this  bank,  “ marked  it  for  my  own.”  In 
the  autumn  this  bank  was  sodden  with 
rain,  the  burrows  of  the  ants  were  firm, 
and  were  easily  opened  and  searched ; 
but,  although  I found  no  beetles  therein 
during  the  short  time  I detained  the 
party  who  had  come  out  merely  for  a 
drive,  I saw  enough  to  induce  me  to 
think  that  in  the  spring  it  would  be  a 
very  promising  place  in  which  to  seek 
Hetcerius  sesquicornis  and  other  lovers  of 
the  society  of  ants  that  burrow  in  banks. 
So  when  I turned  my  steps  thither  last 
month  I was  full  of  hope  of  getting  a 
glimpse  of  the  inner  life  of  the  ants  and 
their  guests.  “ Hope,”  as  usual,  “ told 
a flattering  tale,”  but,  instead  of  the 
beautiful  well-appointed  nests  I saw  in 
September,  I now  found  the  whole  sur- 
face of  the  ground  to  be  in  powder,  and 
not  an  ant  visible.  Patiently  I sought 
along  the  whole  extent  of  the  bank, — 
about  a quarter  of  a mile, — but  neither 
ant  nor  beetle  was  visible ; so  I cau- 
tiously probed  the  earth  in  many  places, 
and  when  I occasionally  unearthed  an 
ant,  I endeavoured  to  follow  up  his 
track,  but  the  friable  earth  soon  fell  into 
it  and  obliterated  every  trace  of  his 
home  or  the  road  to  it,  and,  after  trying 
for  an  hour  or  two,  I gave  up  the  en- 
deavour. I cast  about  what  was  best  to 
be  done,  and  at  a venture  mounted  the 
bank  and  trespassed  into  the  plantation, 
which  had  a very  neglected  appearance, 
and,  as  was  afterwards  told  me,  “ the 
estate  was  going  to  the  dogs.”  Bark  was 
lying  plentifully  about,  stripped  from 
some  oaks  newly  felled,  and,  the  day  being 
desperately  hot,  I cast  myself  down. 


Wberee’r  the  oak’s  thick  branches  stretch 
A broader,  browner  shade — 

Wheree’r  the  rude  and  moss-grown  beech 
O’er-canopies  the  glade. 

^ ^ % 

Still  is  the  toiling  hand  of  Care ; 

The  panting  herds  repose ; 

Yet  hark,  how  through  the  peopled  air 
The  busy  murmur  glows  ! 

The  insect  youth  are  on  the  wing, 

Eager  to  taste  the  honied  spring, 

And  float  amid  the  liquid  noon." 

And  thus  the  train  of  thought  suggested 
by  Gray’s  ‘Ode  to  Spring’  came  un- 
bidden to  my  mind  as  I lay  and  heard 

“ The  Attic  warbler  pour  her  throat 
Kesponsive  to  the  cuckoo’s  note,” 

and  became  utterly  oblivious  of  what  is 
called  reality,  that  if  I had  suddenly 
been  asked  who  I was  and  what  I was 
doing,  I should  have  been  puzzled  to 
give  any  answer.  The  first  thing  that 
engaged  my  attention  was  a small 
grey  spider,  who  amused  himself  and  me 
at  the  same  time  by  springing  upon 
flies,  hopping  just  like  Haltica.  I am 
sorry  I did  not  know  this  gentleman’s 
name,  and  although  I fixed  him  iu  a box 
for  the  purpose  of  getting  this  informa- 
tion afterwards,  yet  he  defeated  my  pur- 
pose by  dying  and  shrivelling,  so  that  no 
member  even  of  his  own  family  could 
recognise  him.  Of  spiders  as  of  men 
’tis  true 

“ The  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave.” 

The  slumps  of  the  felled  oaks  afforded 
common  Oxyteli  in  plenty,  Oinalium 
planum,  and  one  specimen  of  Coryphium 
angusticolle,  all  revelling  in  the  exud- 
ing sap ; and  in  the  earth  immediately 
adjoining  were  Lathrimmum  unicolor 
and  other  common  things.  Blue-bells 
abounded — 

* “ The  hyacinth  purple  and  white  and  blue. 
Which  flung  from  its  hells  a sweet  peal  anew. 
Of  music  so  delicate,  soft  and  intense, 

It  was  felt  like  an  odour  within  the  sense,” 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


95 


as  Shelley  most  exquisitely  says.  A 
woodcutter’s  little  child,  not  much  higher 
than  the  flowers,  was  toddling  about 
among  them  carrying  a little  basket,  into 
which  it  endeavoured  to  put  some  of  the 
flowers  it  had  pulled,  but  every  now  and 
then  startled  by  the  appearance  of  a 
Melitcea  Euplirosyne  which  settled  before 
it.  I was  delighted  with  the  picture. 

How  long  I remained  in  the  shade  of 
the  trees  I do  not  know,  but  when  I 
again  got  upon  the  road,  the  sun  was 
still  doing  his  utmost  to  turn  the  earth 
into  dust.  I took  the  open  ground 
covered  with  heather,  but  took  nothing 
worth  notice,  except  a large  black  Mhy- 
parochromus  under  a stone,  Conurus 
lividus  and  Rhyparochromus  decoratns, 
Hahn.,  under  some  sticks  by  a road-side, 
and  Philorhinum  humile,  out  of  the 
flowers  of  the  furze,  from  which  a melli- 
fluous odour  loaded  the  atmosphere  over 
the  whole  expanse. 

On  another  day  I went  with  a party 
to  Hursley,  six  miles  further  on  the 
Winchester  road,  and  in  Sir  William 
Heathcote’s  Park,  which  is  freely  open 
to  the  public,  I found  under  dead  leaves 
Haploylossa  puUa.  The  park  is  old, 
having  been  the  property  of  Richard,  son 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  is  finely  laid 
out  and  wooded.  I was  particularly 
struck  with  the  great  quantity  of  misletoe 
which  grows  exclusively  on  the  white- 
thorn, and  with  the  great  size  of  the 
maple  trees,  which  are  very  numerous. 
From  one  of  them  in  full  blossom  T beat 
two  examples  of  the  rare  moth  Sligmo- 
nota  Jloricolana,  which  I had  heard  fre- 
quented maples,  but  which  I had  never 
before  seen  alive. 

The  park  contains  the  ruins  of  an 
ancient  castle,  with  its  mound  and  fosse, 
and  this  spot  is  much  frequented  by  pic- 
nic parties.  One  Paterfamilias  was  found 


by  us  in  the  act  of  superintending  the 
jovialities  of  his  children,  among  whom 
we  espied  an  entomologist  who  readily 
fraternised  with  me,  showed  me  the  pro- 
duce of  his  day’s  collecting,  and  gave  me 
the  small  pins  I so  greatly  needed  for 
my  two  StigmonotcB,  an  act  of  kindness 
I hope  he  may,  if  he  wants  it,  find 
some  one  on  the  occasion  to  show  to 
him. 

J.  W.  Douglas. 

Lee,  June  18. 


THE  TWO  ANNUALS. 


W^HEN  days,  succumbed  to  pressure  hard 
Exerted  through  the  year. 

Have  dwindled  to  the  shortest  span. 

And  drag  on  dull  and  drear ; 

When  men  sit  o’er  the  fire  and  think 
Of  sunshine  then  no  more. 

And  in  anticipation  greet 
The  sunny  days  in  store ; 

’Tis  then  for  entomologists 
The  ‘ Annual  ’ comes  forth. 

And  shows  how  thrives  their  Science  in 
This  island  of  the  North. 

A welcome  friend  the  ‘ Annual,’ 

Although  its  yellow  face 
Suggests  an  overflow  of  bile, — 

As  sometimes  is  the  case. 

The  Winter,  rough  and  homely  nurse, 
With  hoarse  voice  tries  to  sing, 

As  in  her  cradle  rude  she  rocks 
Her  glorious  child  the  Spring, 

That,  bred  in  hardship  and  in  cold. 
Becomes  at  once  full  grown. 
Kiss-mouthed,  blue-eyed,  and  beauty- 
clad. 

And  claims  earth  for  her  own. 


96 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


The  flowers  all  do  her  homage,  and 
With  reverence  strew  her  way, 

While  grass,  with  tiny  spears,  mounts 
guard. 

In  glorious  array, 

Artillery  of  ten  thousand  throats 
That  hitherto  were  mute. 

Sends  forth  to  Echo  far  and  wide 
A musical  salute. 

Flushed  with  this  pomp  the  glorious  maid 
Retires  before  th’  advance 
Of  young  and  lusty  Summer,  king 
Of  all  that  laugh  and  dance. 

At  such  a time,  when  all  is  bright. 

And  wintry  scars  are  heal’d, 

The  yellow  ‘ Annual  ’ sees  advance 
A rival  in  the  field. 

No  trace  of  ill  will  or  of  hate 
The  summer  serial  shows. 

But  in  whatever  aspect  viewed 
Is  all  couleur  de  rose. 

For  entomologists  to  meet 
And  spend  a day  together, 

Forget  their  feuds  in  fellowship 
’Mong  trees,  or  grass,  or  heather. 

Then  gather  round  the  festive  board, — 
The  little  and  the  great, — 

Where  every  guest  feels  quite  at  ease — 
Is  Saunders’  “ Annual 

And  so  we  pray  that  long  may  last 
Such  rivals  in  good  cheer. 

And  we  as  long  may  live  to  greet 
Two  “ Annuals  ” in  the  year. 

J.  W.  D. 


Price  3s., 

PRACTICAL  HINTS 
respecting  MOTHS  and  BUT- 
TERFLIES, with  Notices  of  their  Lo- 
calities ; forming  a Calendar  of  Entomo- 
logical Operations  throughout  the  Year 
in  pursuit  of  Lepidoptera.  By  Richaed 
Shield. 

London;  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Complete  in  Txuo  Voh.,fcp.  8vo,  cloth, 
price  10s., 

A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
TERFLIES and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Stainton. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

London;  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


The  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 
ANNUAL  for  1855,  Second 
Edition,  price  2s.  6d.,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing information  on  Collecting  and 
Preserving  Lepidoptera,  by  H.  T. 
Stainton : — 

1.  How  to  collect  Lepidoptera. 

2.  How  to  rear  Lepidoptera  from  the 
pupa  or  larva  state. 

3.  How  to  kill  Lepidoptera. 

4.  How  to  pin  Lepidoptera. 

5.  How  to  set  Lepidoptera. 

6.  How  to  arrange  Lepidoptera  in  the 
Collection. 

It  also  contains  Notes  on  the  Col- 
lecting and  Preserving  Coleoptera, 
by  T.  Vernon  Wollaston  ; — 

1.  Suggestions  where  Coleoptera  should 
be  looked  for. 

2.  The  apparatus  necessary  for  the  col- 
lector of  Coleoptera. 

3.  The  mode  of  preparing  the  specimens 
when  caught. 

From  it  containing  this  information, 
this  little  volume  is  of  great  value  to  all 
beginners,  and  some  may  be  incited  to 
greater  ardour  in  the  pursuit  by  reading 
the  “Address  to  Young  Entomologists  at 
Eton,  Harrow,  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
at  all  other  Schools.” 

London  : John  Van-Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No. 9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bisbops- 
jrate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex.— Saturday,  June  22, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER 


No.  247.]  SATUEDAY,  JUNE  29,  1861.  [Prick  Id. 


THE  “SAUNDEHS”  DAY. 

j About  fifty  Members  of  the  Eoto- 
I mological  Society  accepted  the  invita- 
tion of  W.  Wilson  Saunders,  Esq.,  to 
meet  him  at  Merstham,  on  the  21st 
inst.,  and,  after  a ramble  through  the 
country,  to  assist  at  a collation  at  the 
“White  Hart,”  Keigate.  The  day  was 
not  favourable  for  collecting  insects, 
j but,  notwithstanding  the  rain,  the  party 
I mustered  strongly  at  lunch,  under  the 
j trees  by  Chipstead  Church,  and  in  the 
I evening  seventy-five  persons  assembled 
10  partake  of  the  liberal  hospitality  of 
their  host. 

(After  the  usual  loyal  toast  of  “ The 
Queen,”  Dr.  Gray  proposed  the  health 
of  Mr.  Saunders,  eulogizing  his  long 
services  to  Entomology,  and  his  re- 
peated kindness  in  inviting  the  Mem- 
bers of  the  Society  to  meet  together 
' in  this  manner.  Mr.  Saunders  (after 
first  reproving  and  forgiving  Dr.  Gray 
for  his  irregularity  in  interrupting  the 
usual  course  of  proceeding)  said  he 
had  always  had  great  idcasure  in  pro- 
moting the  success  of  Entomology,  and 
he  hoped  this  would  not  be  the  last 
time  he  should  meet  its  friends  on 
such  an  occasion.  He  then  proposed 
“ The  Entomological  Society  of  London,” 


coupling  therewith  the  name  of  the 
President,  Mr.  J.  W.  Douglas,  than 
whom  no  one  had  done  more  for  the 
Society  and  British  Entomology,  or 
had  exerted  himself  more  to  promote 
harmony  and  good  feeling  among  ento- 
mologists. 

Mr.  Douglas,  in  returning  thanks, 
said  the  Society  was  in  a healthy  slate, 
and  not  dependent  for  its  prosperity 
upon  any  one  individual ; that  it  had 
done  much  for  Entomology,  but  it 
might  still  do  much  more  service,  to 
which  end  he  impressed  upon  the  Mem- 
bers the  necessity  of  adding  to  its 
number  the  numerous  entomologists 
not  yet  enrolled  as  Members;  that  the 
strength  thus  acquired  would  redound 
to  the  benefit  of  the  Science  by  the 
increased  ability  to  publish  valuable 
papers  in  the  Society’s  ‘Transactions’; 
and  that  to  a great  degree  with  the 
Members  themselves,  who  might  doubt- 
less induce  many  persons  to  join  the 
Society,  rested  the  point  of  limitation 
to  the  Society’s  usefulness. 

The  Chairman  proposed  in  succes- 
sion “ The  Treasurer  ” and  “ The  Secre- 
taries,” who  severally  briefly  responded. 

The  next  toast  was  “Mr.  Westwood, 
Hope  Professor  of  Zoology  at  Oxford.” 
In  expressing  his  acknowledgments,  the 
Professor  congratulated  entomologists 


o 


98 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


upon  the  establishment  of  this  Chair  at 
Oxford,  because,  he  said,  that  although 
a change  had  come  over  the  spirit  of 
their  dreams,  and  they  began  to  be 
aware  that  there  were  other  insects 
besides  butterflies,  moths  and  beetles, 
there  was  great  need  among  them  of 
a knowledge  of  the  philosophical  prin- 
ciples of  their  Science.  He  would  in- 
stance the  bandying  about  of  Acentropus 
niveus  from  one  order  to  another,  ac- 
cording as  Dr.  Hagen  or  M.  Gueuee 
said  it  was  or  was  not  Lepidopterous ; 
the  recent  identification  of  the  larvae 
of  Micropleryx,  when  it  appeared  that 
Lepidopterists  had  for  years  known  these 
larvae  and  deemed  them  Coleopterous; 
and  the  mention  in  the  ‘Intelligencer’ 
of  the  discovery  near  Stettin  of  a cer- 
tain larva  by  tWo  persons,  each  of  whom 
was  afraid  to  mention  to  the  other  to 
what  order  he  thought  it  belonged,  for 
fear  he  should  be  laughed  at.  All  this 
was  not  philosophical,  and  he  hoped  the 
establishment  of  the  Professorship  of 
Zoology  would  be  the  means  of  making 
entomologists  something  more  than  mere 
collectors,  by  putting  them  generally  in 
possession  of  the  first  principles  of  the 
Science,  and  enabling  and  inducing 
them  not  to  depend  upon  others,  but 
to  decide  for  themselves.  There  was 
another  inducement  for  entomologists 
to  pay  attention  to  Entomology  as  a 
Science,  for  in  a few  years  a successor 
to  himself  would  be  required,  and  he 
sincerely  hoped  that  some  one  of  our 
young  men  by  earnest  and  philosophical 
study  of  insects  generally  would  fit  him- 
self for  the  post,  the  importance  of  which 
on  the  future  of  Entomology  could  not 
be  overrated. 


The  Chairman  proposed  “ Dr.  Gray, 
Superintendent  of  the  Zoological  De- 
partment at  the  British  Museum,’’  and 
Dr.  Gray,  in  returning  thanks,  said  that 
the  Museum  collections  were  for  the  use 
of  all,  that  nothing  gave  him  so  much 
pleasure  as  to  know  they  were  freely  used, 
and  he  trusted  corresponding  benefits  to 
Science  would  accrue. 

Gen.  Sir  J.  Hearsey,in  acknowledging 
the  toast  of  his  health,  said  that  for  the 
fifty-three  years  he  had  been  in  India  he 
had  devoted  much  time  to  Entomology, 
and  had  made  large  collections,  often 
taking  insects  under  diflBcult  circum- 
stances ; even  in  action,  when  men’s  lives 
were  accounted  as  nothing,  had  he  cap- 
tured an  .insect  which  came  in  his  way. 
He  loved  Entomology,  especially  the 
study  of  the  structure  and  economy  of 
insects,  and  he  was  sure  much  benefit 
might  be  derived  by  the  makers  of 
textile  fabrics  if  they  would  study  the 
wonderful  mechanism  of  weaving  and 
spinning  insects;  but  whether  this  were 
so  or  not  he  would  impress  upon  ento- 
mologists the  importance  of  studying 
the  structure  and  economy  of  insects. 

Dr.  Bowerbank  returned  thanks  for 
the  Royal  Society,  and  enlarged  upon 
the  advantages  to  be  derived  to  Ento- 
mology by  the  use  of  the  microscope  in 
observing  the  anatomy  and  physiology 
of  insects  iu  a living  slate.  Here  was  a 
wide  field  quite  unoccupied,  and  par- 
ticularly suited  to  British  observers  iu 
consequence  of  the  superiority  of  British 
microscopes. 

Mr.  Currey  responded  to  the  toast  of 
“TheLinnean  Society;”  the  Chairman 
to  “The  Horticultural  Society;”  and 
the  Rector  of  Reigate  to  “The  Visi- 
tors;” and  thus  ended  this  most  happy 
meeting. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


99 


We  have  noticed  this  gathering  more 
at  length  than  usual,  in  order  to  obtain 
some  record  of  the  sterling  observa- 
tions made  by  the  various  speakers. 
A meeting  like  this,  characterised  by 
so  much  good  sense  and  harmonious 
feeling,  must  have  a powerful  effect 
for  good  on  entomologists.  It  is  de- 
rogatory to  talk  of  Entomology  as 
“sport,”  but  if  sportsmen  have  their 
“ Derby  Day,”  why  should  not  others  to 
whom  (but  for  other  reasons)  the  turf 
is  equally  dear,  have  their  “ Saunders 
Day.'*”  ’Tis  true  there  is  this  difference, 
that  at  Epsom  some  one  always  loses, 
whereas  at  Reigate  every  one  gains, — 
even  the  founder  and  provider  of  the 
feast  we  know  reckons  that  he  is  well 
repaid:  and  so  we  propose  that  this 
annual  meeting  should  have  this  spe- 
cial designation,  by  which  to  keep  it  in 
memory  and  to  place  it  on  record. 


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All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsjield, 
Lewisham,near  London, S.E.  No  notice 
ivill  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
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before — s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

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a page 2 0 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
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100 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Mr.  Stainton  has  returned  from  the 
Continent,  and  will  be  “at  home”  on 
Wednesday  next,  July  3,  at  6 p.  m.  as 
usual. 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

J.  D. — S.  Dealbata ; the  food  of  the 
larva  is  unknown ; please  inform  us  as 
soon  as  you  find  out  what  plant  it 
prefers. 


CAPTURES. 

LEPinoi'TEEA. 

Heterogenea  Asellus. — Perhaps  it  may 
he  interesting  to  some  of  your  readers  to 
know  that  we  had  the  good  fortune  to 
capture  a female  specimen  of  this  insect, 
in  fair  condition,  at  Loughton,  on  Satur- 
day last,  the  22nd. — C.  & J.  Fenn,  Clyde 
Villa,  Lee;  June  24. 

Neueopieua. 

Limnophilus  (^Colpotaulius)  incisus 
near  Merstliam. — Ou  the  21st  I was  one 
of  a small  party  of  entomologists  who, 
separating  from  the  main  army,  pro- 
ceeded to  investigate  a large  rushy  pool 
near  the  above  place,  and  here  I found 
this  insect,  which  I had  never  before 
seen  alive,  rather  plentifully.  In  habit 
it  was  very  different  to  the  larger  spe- 
cies of  Limnophilus,  concealing  itself  in 
the  low  herbage,  and  running  rapidly 
about  on  the  wet  mud  when  disturbed, 
taking  occasional  short  flights.  It  was 
exceedingly  difficult  to  capture,  either  in 
or  out  of  the  net.  — R.  M‘Lachlan,  Forest 
Hill;  June  24. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Larva  of  Catocala  Nupta. — During 
the  early  part  of  July,  in  last  year,  the 


larva  of  C.  Nupta  was  taken  by  myself 
and  others  in  this  neighbourhood  in 
great  numbers,  and  as  there  may  be 
many  of  your  readers  who  do  not  know 
how  to  look  properly  for  it  the  following 
particulars  may  be  useful:  — The  tree 
they  are  found  on  is  the  willow,  on 
which  they  feed  up  well  when  captured  ; 
but  a person  might  look  for  days,  and 
beat  until  his  arms  would  ache,  amongst 
the  leaves,  without  finding  them,  but  let 
him  lay  aside  his  stick  and  make  good 
good  use  of  his  eyes  and  fingers,  by 
drawing  them  down  the  uneven  bark  of 
the  tree,  and  he  will  either  soon  see  or 
feel  the  curious  larva,  which  is  easily 
passed  by  for  a portion  of  the  bark,  from 
its  colour  and  position.  I have  often 
overlooked  them,  but  the  finger  coming 
in  contact  with  them  brings  them  readily 
before  the  eye.  My  remarks  apply  to 
the  day  time,  as  at  night  they  leave  the 
trunk  of  the  tree  to  feed  on  its  leaves. — 
A.  Russell,  Ashford  ; June  24. 
i Hybrid  Smerinthus. — Last  year  I suc- 
ceeded in  reaving  larv$  from  ova  ob- 
tained from  female  S.  Popiili  and  male 
Ocellalus,  most  of  which  I distributed. 
Yesterday,  on  looking  into  my  breeding- 
cage,  I discovered  a fine  hybrid,  the 
fore  wings  resembling  those  of  Populi, 
only  much  darker,  and  the  hind  wings 
those  of  Ocellalus,  the  moon,  or  large 
round  blueish  eye-like  spot  finely  deve- 
loped. No  one  need  apply  for  it,  as  I 
require  it  for  my  own  cabinet.  I find 
these  hybrid  larvte  are  much  more 
delicate  to  rear  than  the  larvae  of  either 
of  the  parents. — T.  Galliees,  9,  Rrentow 
Street,  Liverpool ; June  24. 

On  the  Larva  of  Gelechia  Cauligenella, 
Schmid,  n.s. — 'I'he  larva  of  this  species 
makes  galls  in  the  stems  of  Silene  nutans ; 
the  lower  part  of  the  stem,  when  in- 
habited by  this  larva,  swells  out  very 
considerably,  and  the  larva  finds  within 
a comfortable  residence.  In  appearance 
the  larva  is  very  similar  to  some  of  the 
other  Gdechia  law®  which  feed  on  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


101 


CaryophyllacecE,  and  the  perfect  insect 
has  quite  the  character  of  others  of  that 
group.  This  larva  was  discovered  last 
summer  by  Herr  Schmid  at  Mombach, 
near  Franhfort-on-the-Main,  and  last 
Monday,  whilst  I was  at  Frankfort,  he 
presented  me  with  several  living  larvfe, 
so  that  I had  abundant  opportunity  of 
satisfying  myself  of  the  singular  habit  of 
these  larvae.  There  was  no  puncture  or 
outward  indication  of  the  presence  of  the 
larva,  only  the  gall-like  swelling  of  the 
stem.  The  larva  when  full  fed  comes 
out  of  its  tenement,  and  then  makes  a 
hole  in  the  stem.  The  Caryophyllaceous 
GeleihicB  are  so  numerous  and  so  closely 
allied  that  many  can  scarcely  be  per- 
suaded of  their  specific  distinctness  ; but 
here,  in  a species  not  otherwise  aberrant, 
we  have  a habit  of  larva  which  has  only 
hitherto  been  noticed  in  very  few  Lepi- 
doptera,  and  those  in  genera  widely 
remote,  such  as  Laverna  decorella  and 
Asychna  JEralella. — H.  T.  Stainton, 
Leiuuham  ; June  24:. 

Habit  of  the  Larva  of  Orckesles  Fagi 
— I enclose  a quill  with  the  insects  pro- 
duced from  the  beech-leaf  mines;  they 
have  been  making  their  appearance  since 
the  commencement  of  the  week,  and 
appear  to  be  one  of  the  Curculionidse. 
I am  not  quite  certain  whether  my  mines 
are  identical  with  those  fouud  by  other 
I parties,  but  the  larvae  operated  upon  the 
I leaf  as  Ibllows:  — They  commenced  to 
mine  by  forming  a long  narrow  gallery 
in  the  middle  of  the  leaf,  and  terminated 
about  the  edge,  more  commonly  at  the 
tip,  in  a large  blotch ; in  this  the  larvae 
spun  a cocoon,  causing  the  leaf  at  that 
particular  spot  to  assume  & globular  ap- 
pearance. When  the  final  transforma- 
tion is  undergone  the  beetle  eats  a large 
hole  in  the  cocoon  and  skin  of  the  leaf, 
and  so  finds  its  way  to  daylight.  I have 
found  similar  mines  on  oak,  but  whether 
they  will  produce  the  same  species  re- 
mains to  be  seen. — Chaules  Miller, 


17,  Silurian  Terrace,  Brohe  Road,  Dal- 
ston  ; June  21. 

[The  specimens  sent  are  Orchestes 
Fagi.'] 


DOINGS  IN  THE  NEIGHBODKHOOD 
OF  STETTIN. 

(Continued  from  p.  93.) 

In  the  course  of  our  peregrinations 
round  Fort  Preussen  we  found  several 
grass  leaves  mined  by  a Coleophora 
larva,  and  were  fortunate  in  finding  in 
situ  one  larva  of  Coleophora  Lixella. 
The  alder  bushes  produced  three  species 
of  Coleophora  larvae : — 1 , C.fuscedinella  ; 
2,  C.  Limosipennella  ; 3,  that  Coleophora 
larva  that  forms  a case  like  that  of  C. 
Viminelella,  and  which  we  often  find  in 
England  on  birch.  In  some  grass  leaves 
overhanging  a trench  of  the  Fort  larvis 
of  Geleckia  rufescens  were  by  no  means 
scarce,  and  I was  told  that  these  larv® 
were  often  found  by  Coleopterists  when 
sweeping  for  beetles. 

I may  as  well  mention  here  that 
Professor  Zeller  has  lately  found  at 
Meseritz,  amongst  Calamagrostis  Epi- 
gejos,  a specimen  of  Gelechia  lineolella,  a 
species  closely  allied  to  G.  rufescens,  and 
the  larva  of  which  has  probably  similar 
habits. 

In  a few  days  we  returned  to  Hoken- 
dorf,  and  there  I found  on  juniper  a 
larva  which  I believe  to  be  that  of 
Ypsolophus  J uniperellus  ; it  is  now  safely 
in  pupa,  and  will  shortly  “ its  tale  un- 
fold ” and  expand  its  wings.  Though  I 
searched  diligently  for  others  I could  not 
find  a second.* 


[*  I regret  to  say  this  insect  has  since 
made  its  appearance,  and  is  only  Turtrix 
Ribeana.] 


102 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Dr.  Sclileich  again  spent  an  afternoon 
at  Hokendorf,  but  we  found  nothing  of 
any  consequence,  except  one  larva,  on 
Artemisia  campestris,  of  Coleophora  di- 
tella,  and  thus  terminated  entomologically 
my  second  visit  to  Slettin. 

H.  T.  Stainxon. 

FranJcfurt-am-Main, 

June  17. 


DOINGS  AT  DRESDEN. 

On  Tuesday,  June  11,1  arrived,  for  the 
first  time,  at  Dresden.  It  was  a regular 
wet  day;  it  had  begun  raining  the  pre- 
vious afternoon,  rained  all  through  the 
night,  and  then  continuously  on  Tuesday 
up  to  a late  hour  in  the  evening.  The 
streets  of  Dresden  were  accordingly  in  a 
dripping  and  dirty  state,  and  the  view 
southwards,  from  the  bridge  over  the 
Elbe,  reminded  me  excessively  of  Scot- 
land; for  the  distant  hills  were  hardly 
visible  for  mist,  and  the  rain  seemed  of 
the  true  persistent  Scottish  character. 
On  Tuesday  evening  I spent  my  time 
profitably  in  looking  through  Dr.  Stau- 
dinger’s  interesting  collection.  At  9 p.m. 
an  improvement  in  the  weather  was  re- 
ported, and  we  then  began  to  speculate 
on  the  possibility  of  an  excursion  to  the 
Saxon  Switzerland  on  the  following  day. 
The  rain  had  been  so  continuous  that  I 
for  one  felt  tolerably  confident  that, 
having  now  abated,  we  should  have  some 
fair  weather  for  at  least  twenty-four 
hours. 

Nor  was  I disappointed  ; the  Wednes- 
day morning  was  as  fine  as  one  could 
wish,  and  we  therefore  started  by  an 
early  train  for  Plotschau,  intending  to 


visit  the  Baslei.  The  scenery  gradually 
improved  as  we  receded  from  Dresden, 
and  the  journey  had  seemed  but  a very 
short  one,  when  our  arrival  at  the 
Plotschau  Station  rendered  it  necessary 
to  quit  the  train  for  some  other  mode  of 
conveyance;  we  accordingly  walked  to 
the  ferry-boat,  and  then  crossed  the  river 
to  Wehlen.  At  this  point  the  progress 
ceased  to  be  in  a horizontal  direction, 
though  still  far  from  perpendicular;  the 
ascent  was  gradual,  through  a wood,  by 
the  side  of  a little  mountain  stream. 
After  the  rain  of  the  previous  day  every 
thing  looked  pretty  well  drenched,  and 
the  first  insect  of  special  interest  which 
I noticed  was  a specimen  of  Glyphiplcryx 
Bergstrmsserella  ; it  was  sitting  on  a sprig 
of  raspberry.  Not  far  from  this  I noticed 
that  one  of  the  rock  faces  had  been 
dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the  inde- 
fatigable Coleopterist,  Maerkel,  an  in- 
scription in  gilt  letters  having  been 
placed  there  by  the  Natural  History 
Society  of  Dresden,  the  Isis. 

When  about  half  way  up.  Dr.  Stau- 
dinger  pointed  out  to  me  some  leaves  of 
Carex  albida  P mine^  by  what  he  be- 
lieved to  be  the  larvae  of  Elachista  Palu- 
dum ; of  these  we  collected  pretty  freely, 
and  as  several  have  changed  to  pupae 
on  the  homeward  journey  I hope  soon  to 
decide  whether  these  are  really  the  true 
Paludum ; in  Dr.  Staudinger’s  collection 
I saw  specimens  which  certainly  appeared 
to  me  identical  with  the  Norfolk  insect. 

When  we  reached  the  summit  a con- 
siderable extent  of  table-land  remained 
to  be  traversed  before  reaching  the  rocky 
perch  surnamed  the  Baslei;  this  table- 
land was  somewhat  of  a boggy  nature. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


103 


the  trees  being  principally  birch  and 
alder,  and  the  under-growlh  furnishing 
both  Vaccinium  Myrtillus  and  V.  Vitis- 
Idcsa.  Oil  one  of  the  first  birch  bushes 
I came  to  I found  a Gracilaria  cone 
tenanted  by  a green  larva : not  being 
acquainted  with  a Gracilaria  making 
cones  on  birches  I was  particularly 
pleased  with  this  discovery  ; the  insect 
was  not  Ornix  Betula,  for  that  does  not 
construct  a true  cone,  which  the  present 
formation  most  decidedly  was ; more- 
over, the  larva  had  not  the  necklace 
markings  of  an  Ornix  larva;  it  was 
quite  unicolorous  green.  I sought  very 
diligently  for  other  similar  larvae,  but 
found  none,  and  as  this  unique  larva 
died  on  the  journey  I have  now  no 
means  of  ascertaining  to  what  species  it 
belonged.  On  some  birch  trees  we  found 
leaves  that  had  been  tenanted  by  Micro- 
fleryx  larvae  about  a fortnight  pre- 
viously, but  we  found  no  leaves  still  in- 
habited by  feeding'  Micrnpteryx  larvae. 
I searched  on  Vaccinium  Vitis-Idcea  fur 
symptoms  of  larvae  of  Neylicula  Weaveri, 
but  saw  no  trace  thereof;  however,  the 
plant  was  not  very  abundant,  so  perhaps 
it  was  hardly  rational  to  expect  to  find 
the  Nepticula  there. 

At  length  we  emerged  from  the  boggy 
woods  on  to  the  rocky  crag  which  over- 
looks the  Elbe;  bare,  gaunt,  perpen- 
dicular crags  met  the  eye  in  every  direc- 
tion, whilst  at  our  feet  lay  the  winding 
Elbe,  particularly  rnuddy-looking  after 
the  rain  of  the  previous  day.  Konigsteiu 
stood  proudly  straight  before  us,  and 
the  numerous  other  similar  hills  which 
studded  the  landscape  in  every  con- 
ceivable variety  of  position  formed  a 
prospect  on  which  I shall  long  look  back 


with  pleasure.  The  Erzgebirge  bounded 
the  horizon  in  one  direction,  but  the 
distant  views  were  not  particularly 
bright. 

After  gazing  for  some  time  on  the 
prospect  we  had  recourse  to  the  Re- 
staurant, and  made  a hearty  meal  to 
solace  us  for  the  fatigues  we  had  sus- 
tained and  to  enable  us  to  encounter 
those  yet  in  store.  Then  again  we  re- 
turned to  the  “ look-out  point,”  and  then 
scrambled  to  some  of  the  other  points  of 
view,  till  at  length  we  rambled  inland  in 
search  of  game. 

The  sun,  which  had  remained  quietly 
hidden  behind  clouds  during  the  whole 
period  of  our  ascent,  now  came  kindly 
out  in  all  its  glory.  Vanessa  Anliopa 
was  seen  hovering  about,  a Melilcea 
Alhalia  rested  on  a bramble  bush,  and 
Skippers  were  silting  freely  in  the  road- 
way. But  we  found  nothing  of  interest ; 
the  Luzula  albida  was  not  here,  as  at 
Baden-Baden,  fully  tenanted  with  .E/a - 
chista  magnijicella,  for  we  sought  in  vain 
for  a single  mine;  so  we  abandoned  the 
ungrateful  Micros,  which  would  not  be 
caught,  and  returned  to  the  rocky  crags. 
The  sun  had  already  moved  far  to  the 
west,  and  all  the  hills  were  now  illumi- 
nated quite  differently  from  what  they 
had  been  on  our  first  arrival;  half  an 
hour  soon  slipped  away  whilst  thus 
engaged,  aud  then  we  commenced  the 
descent  to  Ralhen,  whence  we  took  the 
steamer  and  returned  by  it  to  Dresden. 

The  next  day,  Thursday,  I expected 
Professor  Fritzsche  from  Fruberg,  and 
he  came  soon  after  eight,  and  we  spent 
about  an  hour  and  a half  in  critically 
examining  some  bred  specimens  of  Ela~ 
chista  and  Nepticula  he  had  brought 
with  him.  Dr.  Staudinger  joined  us  soon 
after  nine,  and  we  soon  made  arrange- 
ments for  a short  excursion  in  the  neigh- 


104 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER 


bourbood  of  Dresden.  We  accordingly 
walked  to  the  village  of  Plauen,  and 
there  scrambling  up  a very  slippery  hill- 
side we  came  to  a little  thicket  where 
there  was  a great  variety  of  growth. 
Silene  nutans  was  here  in  profusion,  but 
Micropieryx  was  the  main  thing  to  look 
for,  and  soon  Dr.  Staudinger  found  some 
birch  leaves  tenanted  by  larvae  of  that 
genus ; these,  I fancy,  from  their  period  of 
appearance,  must  be  the  larvae  of  Micro- 
pteryx  Sparmannella ; their  mine  is  very 
peculiar,  as  the  incipient  portion  of  it  is 
so  precisely  like  the  mine  of  a Nepticula 
larva.  Most  of  those  we  collected  had 
not  commenced  the  regular  blotch,  and 
it  was  difficult  to  persuade  oneself  that 
the  young  larvae  were  not  really  Nep- 
ticulte.  Those  who  have  already  noticed 
the  extraordinary  similarity  between  Mi- 
cropteryx  and  Nepticula  will  be  interested 
to  hear  of  this  further  point  of  resem- 
blance. 

On  the  Genista  tinctoria  we  found 
some  very  juvenile  larvae  of  Cemiostoma 
Wailesella;  but  they  seem  to  feed  up 
very  rapidly,  as  some  of  these  are  now 
already  in  pupa  here,  having  taken  to 
the  journey  very  kindly.  I do  not  re- 
member that  we  found  anything  else  of 
note  on  that  occasion,  and  in  the  after- 
noon we  returned  to  Dresden,  and  I then 
parted  with  regret  from  Dr.  Staudinger 
and  Professor  Fritzsche,  and  came  on 
the  same  evening  to  Leipzig. 

II . T.  Stain  TON. 

Lewisham,  June  25. 


Price  3s.  6d., 

HE  WORLD  OF  INSECTS; 
A Guide  to  its  Wonders.  By 
J.  W.  Douglas,  Esq.,  President  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  London. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
''vter  Row. 


Catalogue  of  British  Coleoptera. 

COPIES  of  W.^TERHOUSE’S 
CATALOGUE  OF  BRITISH 
COLEOPTERA,  stitched  and  put  up  in 
a paper  cover,  may  be  obtained  by  ap- 
plying to  Mr.  Charles  Waterhouse, 
British  Museum,  W.C.,  who  will  forward 
them  per  post,  if  not  otherwise  directed. 
They  may  be  paid  for  by  penny  post- 
stamps. 

Price  7s.  6d. ; or,  if  printed  on  stout 
paper,  and  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
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edition  has  no  index. 

The  POCKET  CATALOGUE  OF 
BRITISH  COLEOPTERA,  by  the 
same  Author,  may  be  obtained  in  the 
same  manner.  Price  2s. 

The  former  of  these  two  Catalogues 
contains  the  leading  synonyms  of  each 
species,  and  includes  likewise  references 
to  the  specimens  in  Stephens’  and  some 
other  public  collections.  In  the  “ Pocket 
Catalogue”  synonyms  are  given  only  in 
cases  where  new  species  are  added,  or 
where  any  change  is  made  in  the  name 
adopted  in  the  Synonymic  Catalogue. 


8w,  cloth, 

The  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 
WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 
Vol.  I.  (for  1856),  price  9s. 

Vol.  II.  (for  1857,  April — September), 
price  4s. 

Vol.  1 II.  (for  1857-8,  October — March), 
price  4s. 

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price  4s. 

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gate Without,  London,  in  the  County  0/ 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  248.]  SATUEDAY,  JULY  6,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


OLD  EECOEDS. 


There  is  a peculiar  pleasure  derivable 
from  the  perusal  of  old  records, — note- 
books two  hundred  years  old,  journals 
of  the  last  century,  or  the  convivial 
written  gossip  of  fifty  years  ago.  One 
source  of  the  pleasure  thus  obtained 
is  no  doubt  the  comparison  of  the  pre- 
dictions, or  the  forebodings,  with  their 
subsequent  fulfilment  or  failure.  “The 
State  must  go  to  pieces  if  such  things 
take  place,”  is  a very  common  expres- 
sion with  those  who  prefer  the  gloomy 
side ; yet,  somehow  or  other,  the  State 
don’t  go  to  pieces. 

In  like  manner,  the  naturalist  derives 
intense  pleasure  from  the  investigation 
of  “old  records;”  a lecovi,  if  faithful, 
is  valuable  for  all  time. 

We  have  been  led  into  these  re- 
marks by  the  consideration  of  a record 
by  Von  Tischer,  which  is  chronicled  in 
Treitscbke’s  work,  respecting  a Depres- 
saria  larva.  That  record  had  been 
overlooked  and  forgotten,  but  when 
again  noticed,  after  a lapse  of  nearly 
thirty  years,  and  again  acted  on,  the 
result  is  the  addition  of  what  we  be- 


lieve will  prove  a new  species  of  De- 
pressaria  to  the  European  Fauna. 

In  the  Supplementary  Volume  of 
Treitschke’s  work,  at  page  179  of  the 
third  part,  we  find  a description  of  a 
Depressaria  larva  as  that  of  D.  albi- 
punetella. 

The  description  is  as  follows: — 

“ The  larva  is  grey-green,  not  shining, 
with  warty  spots  of  the  same  colour, 
but  shining.  Head  and  thoracic  shield 
black.  It  lives,  in  May,  on  Artemisia 
campestris,  between  closely  united  leaves. 

“ At  the  end  of  May  it  changes  to 
a yellow-brown  pupa,  betw'een  united 
leaves,  and  the  imago  appears  at  the 
beginning  of  June.” 

On  the  faith  of  this  information, 
Duponchel  assigns  Artemisia  campestris 
as  the  food  of  the  larva  of  Depressaria 
albipunctella,  and  quotes  the  description 
in  Treitschke. 

Now  Hiibner  had  figured  a larva  as 
that  of  Albipunctella,  placing  it  on  an 
umbelliferous  plant,  and  his  larva  has 
neither  the  black  head  nor  the  black 
thoracic  shield  mentioned  by  Treitschke, 
and  Duponchel  accordingly  remarks — 

“Hiibner  has  given  a figure  of  this 
same  larva,  which  does  not  at  all  agree 
with  the  description  of  Treitschke ; but  it 


p 


106 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


would  appear,  from  what  the  latter  says, 
that  Hiibner  was  mistaken,  and  that  his 
figure  belonged  to  some  allied  species; 
hence  we  have  quoted  it  with  a note 
of  iuierrogation.” 

Now  the  true  larva  of  Depressaria 
albipunctella  does  feed  on  Umbelliferae, 
and  Hiibner’s  figure  very  probably  re- 
presents it.  Hence  Duponchel  quotes 
the  wrong  larva  and  rejects  the  right 
one ; but  he  served  to  spread  the  know- 
ledge of  the  black-headed  larva  feeding 
in  May  on  Artemisia  campestris. 

Now  the  question  will  arise,  if  this 
larva  be  not  that  of  Albipunctella,  of 
what  species  is  it  the  larva?  and  singu- 
larly enough  up  to  this  very  year  no 
Depressaria  larva  was  known  to  the 
Micro-Lepidoplerists  of  the  present  day 
to  feed  on  Artemisia  campestris.  But 
the  ‘‘  old  record”  describing  so  minutely 
a larva  of  this  genus,  it  was  tolerably 
evident  that  here  was  a described  larva 
of  some  unknown  species,  which  pro- 
bably had  a resemblance  with  Albi- 
punctella, and  had  hence  been  mistaken 
by  Treilschke  for  that  insect. 

When  at  Stettin  we  were  searching 
on  the  Artemisia  campestris  we  could 
not  help  thinking  of  the  lost  Treitsch- 
kean  larva,  and  hence  when  a larva 
which  appeared  likely  to  be  that  of  a 
Depressaria  was  delected  on  the  Artemisia 
Treitsclike  was  eagerly  referred  to,  and 
the  agreement  was  found  to  be  most 
satisfactory. 

Now  the  point  yet  remained,  whether 
this  larva  would  really  produce  a De- 


pressaria, and  if  so,  what  species  ? Dr. 
Staudinger  showed  us  a series  of  a De- 
pressaria bred  from  Artemisia  campestris, 
showed  us  the  larva  (identical  with 
those  found  at  Stettin),  and  very  libe- 
rally gave  us  specimens  both  of  the 
perfect  insects  and  larvae.  Three  of  the 
latter  have  already  assumed  the  imago 
state,  and  are  now  on  our  setting- 
board. 

There  is  much  yet  to  be  learnt  from 
the  careful  study  of  “ Old  Records.” 


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Change  oe  Address. — Having  left 
Holford  Street,  my  address  is  now — 
William  Machin,  69,  Grafton  Street, 
Mile  End,  N.E. ; June  27. 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

C.  G. — We  do  not  know  the  address 
of  a cork-cutter  who  deals  in  cork  in 


sheets.  The  address  was  given  (Int.  iv. 
p.  21)  of  a cork-cutter  who  supplied  very 
fair  cork  soles,  good  enough  for  ordinary 
boxes  at  Is.  the  dozen  pairs,  and  a better 
sort  suitable  for  cabinets  at  2s.  Qd.  the 
dozen  pairs  ; hut  that  address  seems  now 
quite  obsolete. 

G.  D. — You  are  quite  right;  your  in- 
sect is  Troehilium  myopceforme. 

F.  H.,Ratisbon. — The  oak  leaves  you 
sent  last  mouth  have  produced  Orchestes 
Quercus. 

W.  S.  enquires  what  is  the  food-plant 
oi  Acidalia  Holosericeata ; we  regret  that 
we  are  unable  to  supply  the  information. 
Can  any  of  our  readers  help  us  ? 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteea. 

Captures  in  Epping  Forest. — During 
the  past  month  I have  captured  the  fol- 
lowing species  in  Epping  Forest: — 

Drepana  Hamula. 

...  Unguicula. 

Heterogenea  Asellus.  I beat  most  of 
this  insect  from  beech.  I have  only 
taken  one  male  flying  in  the  sun  ; they 
continue  coming  out  for  a long  time. 

Erastria  Venustula.  This  insect  has 
not  been  so  abundant  this  season  as  it 
was  last.  I have  taken  several,  but  there 
were  not  many  good  ones  among  them. 

Among  the  Tortricina  I have  taken 
the  following: — 

Roxana  Arcuella.  Common, 

Semasia  Woeberana. 

Stigmonota  Weirana. 

...  Inlernana. 

...  Interruplana. 

Endopisa  Puncticostana. 

Chrosis  Audouinana. 

—Thomas  Eedle,  9,  Maidstone  Place, 
Goldsmith  Row,  Hackney  Road ; July  2. 

Doings  in  the  New  Forest. — Since  my 
last  I have  taken  a few  good  things, 
E.  Crihrum  and  B.  Rohoraria  being 


108 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


about  the  best.  I paid  a visit  to  the 
haunts  of  E.  Cribrum  on  the  19th  ult., 
and  had  the  pleasure  of  boxing  seventeen 
fine  specimens,  which,  together  with 
E.  Russula,  A.  Porphyrea,  A.  Myrtilli, 
E.  Fasciaria,  some  fine  females  of  F. 
Piniaria,  and  some  other  odds  and  ends, 
not  forgetting  a wet  jacket  (a  regular 
soaker),  missing  the  train,  and  in  conse- 
quence a walk  of  sixteen  miles,  was  not 
a very  bad  day’s  work.  Three  fine  male 
B.  Roboraria  have  fallen  to  my  share. 
A few  days  since  I pounced  on  an  old 
fungus  with  sundry  pupa-cases  sticking 
out  of  it ; of  conrse  Euplocamus  Boleti 
flashed  on  my  Tinea-stung  brain,  and 
Euplocamus  Boleti  it  proved  to  be;  five 
fine  specimens  of  that  insect  were  boxed 
in  no  time ; since  then  I have  taken  four 
more,  and  I reckon  the  said  fungus  is 
still  likely  to  prove  profitable.  L.  Sibylla, 
A.  Adippe,  Paphia  and  Aglaia  have  just 
appeared.  On  the  27th  ult.  I saw  a fine 
male  Colias  Edusa  on  the  wing,  and  to- 
day I have  taken  a few  fine  Crambus 
Uliginosellus.  Last  Saturday  I took  a 
fine  Hyria  Aiiroraria,  an  insect  I have 
never  seen  here  before.  Among  Cole- 
optera  I may  mention  Elaler  sanguineus, 
Agrilus  viridis,  Leplura  sexguttata  and 
Mycetochares  bipus tulatus ; but  I have 
only  captured  two  of  each.  I have  not 
heard  of  the  capture  of  any  D.  Orion  as 
yet ; in  fact,  there  is  nothing  at  sugar. — 
W.  Faeren,  Brockenhurst,  Neiv  Forest, 
Hants;  July  1. 


OBSERVATIONS. 


Description  of  the  Larva  of  Corycia 
Taminata.  — Larva  naked;  head  and 
body  green  or  purplish  brown ; a broad 
purplish  dorsal  stripe,  edged  with  white ; 
spiracular  line  white,  spiracles  black  ; 
a narrow  white  band  encircles  the  border 
at  the  junction  of  each  segment.  Feeds 


on  wild  cherry.  — Rev.  B.  H.  Birks, 
Stonor,  Henley-on-Thames  ; June  28. 

Gracilaria  Imperialella. — July  is  the 
month  in  which  the  larva  of  Gracilaria 
Imperialella  feeds;  now,  therefore  is  the 
time  to  search  for  it.  The  larva  was 
found  last  July,  at  Muggendorf,  mining 
and  puckering  the  leaves  of  Orobus  niger. 
Orobus  niger  is  not  a common  British 
plant,  occuring  “on  shaded  rocks  in 
Forfarshire.”  But  Orobus  tuberosus  is 
“a  frequent  plant  in  hilly  woods  and 
thickets,  and  very  common  in  moun- 
tainous districts  in  the  North,”  and 
Orobus  sylvaticus  is  “ tolerably  frequent 
in  rocky  and  mountainous  woods  and 
thickets  in  the  North  of  England,  Wales 
and  Scotland.”  The  proper  habitat  of 
Orobus  niger,  according  to  Wood’s 
‘Tourist’s  Flora,’  is  “ South  and  Middle 
Europe,”  but  that  the  Imperial  Graci- 
laria has  some  other  food  is  evident  by 
its  occurring  in  Dorsetshire  and  Wor- 
cestershire, where  Orobus  niger  is  not 
indigenous.  The  leaves  of  Orobus 
tenanted  by  the  larva  of  Gracilaria  Im- 
perialella assume  a very  inflated  aspect, 
and  the  loosened  lower  skin  appears  of  a 
pearly  white.  We  hope  in  a few  weeks 
to  receive  some  larvss  of  this  insect : we 
have  no  doubt  that  many  will  be  on 
the  look  out  for  it. — H.  T.  Stainxon  ; 
July  1. 

Chauliodus  insecurellus. — If  the  Um- 
belliferous plants  which  grow  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Stoat’s-Nest  Station  be 
noiv  carefully  searched,  we  fancy  that  the 
larva  of  Chauliodus  insecurellus  might 
be  obtained.  It  may  be  gregarious,  like 
C.  Chcerophyllelius,  or  it  may  be  solitary, 
like  C.  Illigerellus.  The  perfect  insect 
appears  at  the  end  of  July,  and  is  found 
during  the  first  week  in  August.  As 
both  Chcerophyllelius  and  Illigerellus  feed 
on  UmbellifersB,  it  is  probable  that  In- 
securellus does  so  likewise,  but  there  is 
no  certainty  on  that  point ; and  it  might 
be  well  if  those  who  search  for  it  on  Um- 
belliferas  were  to  keep  half  an  eye  turned 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


109 


towards  the  other  plants  which  grow  in 
the  locality  frequented  by  the  insect. 
We  have  never  been  to  Caterham,  but 
possibly  the  insect  occurs  there ; and  as 
so  much  ground  near  Stoai’s-Nest  has 
been  brought  into  cultivation  in  the  last 
few  years,  it  is  not  impossible  that  the 
original  brood  of  Chaulioius  insecurellus 
may  be  extinct,  and  fresh  localities  may 
need  to  be  explored. — Ibid. 

Observations  at  Ratisbon. — From  some 
pupae  found  on  last  year’s  seed-heads  of 
Globularia  vulgaris  we  have  bred  Stag- 
matophora  pomposella.  From  larvae  col- 
lected last  October  on  the  seeds  of  Anthe- 
mis  tinctoria  we  have  bred  Parasia  pau- 
cipunctella.  The  larvae  collected  last 
October  on  Scabiosa  succisa  have  pro- 
duced Nemotois  minimellus.  The  rose- 
hips received  from  Herr  Lederer,  of 
Vienna,  have  furnished  Carposina  Sckir- 
rhosella.  From  larvae  which  we  found 
early  in  May  in  webs  at  the  tips  of  a 
! Lithospermum  P we  have  bred  two  beau- 
j tiful  specimens  of  Ochromolopis  ietella. 
Besides  the  above  we  have  bred  Grapho- 
lita  corollana  from  swellings  on  the  twigs 
of  aspens;  G.zebeana  from  resinous  galls 
on  Pinus  Larix ; Penthina  roseomacu- 
latum  from  between  united  leaves  of 
Pyrola  rotundifolia  ; and  Botys  pygmce- 
alis  from  Conyza  squarrosa. — F.  Hof- 
mann, i2a<*s6-o?i;  June  24:. 

[Truly  the  Ratisbon  entomologists 
have  not  been  idle.  Ietella  especially  is 
a grand  discovery,  but  we  should  like  to 
know  with  more  certainty  the  name  of 
I the  food-plant.] 

Hemiptera. — I find  the  following  by 
Herr  Tieffenbach,  in  the  ‘ Berliner  Ento- 
mologische  Zeitschrift,’  and  I send  it  to 
you,  in  order  that  its  publication  may 
draw  the  attention  of  those  who  may  be 
looking  at  ants’  nests  to  the  fact  that 
there  also  may  be  found  the  singular 
Hemiptera  mentioned.  The  Myrmica 
IcBvinodis,  Nyl.,  according  to  Mr.  Smith, 
is  not  common  in  the  London  district, 
but  is  plentiful  in  many  localities — 


Folkestone,  Dover,  Deal,  and  at  the  back 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight:  it  is  sometimes 
found  in  the  nests  of  Formica  rufa. 

Myrmedobia  coleoptrata,  Fall.,  and 
Anthocoris  (Idiotropus,  Fieb.)  exilis, 
Fall.,  were  collected  by  me  last  year  in 
the  nests  of  Myrmica  Icevinodis,  Nyl.,  at 
the  foot  of  trees,  where  the  perfect  insects 
appeared  in  equal  numbers,  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  end  of  July.  From  this 
circumstance  it  seemed  probable  to  rrie 
that  both  insects  might  belong  to  one 
species;  and  after  repeated  observations 
during  the  year  I attained  to  a certainty 
that  this  was  the  fact,  for  I found  among 
a greater  number  of  individuals  several 
pairs  in  copuld,  of  which  Anthocoris 
exilis,  Fall.,  was  the  male  to  Myrmedobia 
coleoptrata,  Fall.  With  reference  to  this 
Prof.  V.  Baerensprung  has  placed  both 
these  Hemiptera  together  as  one  species. 

“ By  renewed  observation  of  the  living 
insects  of  the  family  Microphysides  we 
shall  succeed  hereafter  in  determining, 
with  certainly  the  identity  of  both  sexes 
if  one  and  the  same  species — a point 
which  is  now  in  a great  degree  dependent 
upon  supposition  only.” — J,  W.  Doug- 
las, Lee;  June  25. 


EXCHANGE. 

Bombyx  Callunm. — I will  send  ova  of 
this  variety  to  any  gentleman,  on  receipt 
of  a stamped  addressed  envelope  con- 
taining a quill  or  small  hox. — George 
H.  Paeke,  Stanway  Old  Hall,  Halifax, 
Yorkshire;  July  1. 


A MINING  larva  IN  BIRCH 
LEAVES. 

At  the  Meeting  of  the  Entomological 
Society,  on  Monday  evening  last,  Mr. 
Stainton  exhibited  a singular  larva 


110 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


mining  in  birch  leaves,  which  he  had 
received  from  Scarborough.  The  mine 
began  at  the  tip  of  the  leaf,  became 
gradually  broader  till  it  swelled  out  into 
a blotch  in  the  centre^ of  the  leaf,  where 
the  larva  cuts  out  a round  case  formed 
of  the  two  skins  of  the  leaf. 

Mr.  Stainton  said  he  would  not  ex- 
press an  opinion  as  to  the  order  to  which 
the  insect  belonged ; he  had  brought  it 
for  exhibition,  in  the  hopes  of  getting 
some  information  concerning  it ; pos- 
sibly, if  Professor  Westwood  were  to 
take  some  specimens  to  Oxford,  and 
expose  them  there  to  a strong  current 
of  philosophy,  the  order  to  which  they 
belonged  might  be  eliminated. 

Professor  Westwood  remarked  that  he 
should  be  very  glad  to  investigate  the 
specimens  at  his  leisure  at  Oxford,  but 
he  was  desirous  of  knowing  what  was  the 
structure  of  the  mouth  of  the  larvte  ex- 
hibited, and  he  should  be  glad  to  know 
Mr.  Stainlon’s  opinion  on  the  larvae,  as 
that  gentleman  must  surely  have  formed 
an  opinion  as  to  the  order  to  which  they 
belonged. 

Mr.  Stainton  replied  that  he  did  not 
wish  to  express  any  opinion  on  the 
larvae;  he  had  brought  them  mainly 
with  the  view  of  obtaining  information. 

Mr.  M‘Lachlan  enquired  whether  Mr. 
Stainton  was  not  of  opinion  that  these 
birch  miners  were  nearly  related  to  the 
genus  Antispila. 

Mr.  Stainton  observed  that  were  he  to 
express  such  an  opinion  he  would  be 
indicating  the  order  to  which  he  con- 
ceived the  insect  to  belong,  and  he  was 
desirous  of  leaving  this  question  per- 
fectly open;  but  he  might  remark  that 
the  mine  of  these  insects  more  nearly 
resembled  the  mine  of  Tinea  bistrigella 
than  any  other  mine  he  knew. 

Dr.  Wallace  regretted  that  so  much 


stress  was  laid  on  habit  and  so  little  on 
structure;  he  had  heard  a great  deal 
about  the  mine  of  this  insect,  but  nothing 
about  its  structure. 

The  discussion  on  the  subject  then  ter- 
minated, but  we  believe  that  eventually 
Professor  Westwood  took  the  insects  in 
his  pocket  to  Oxford. 


A FEW  WORDS  RESPECTING 
CEMIOSTOMA  COFFEELLA ; 

AN  INSECT  INJURIOUS  TO  THE  COFFEE 
PLANTATIONS  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

In  1842  M.  Guerin-Meneville  published 
a ‘ Memoire  sur  un  Insecte  et  un  Cham- 
pignon qui  ravagent  les  Cafiers  aux 
Antilles.’  This  ‘Memoire’  is  now  very 
scarce,  and  the  subject  noticed  in  it  is 
likely  to  be  overlooked,  though  we  enter- 
tain no  doubt  if  a Micro-Lepidoplerist 
were  to  visit  the  West  India  islands  he 
would  find  this  Cemiostoma  Coffeella  a 
most  conspicuous  object.  The  insect  in 
Guadaloupe  is  so  plentiful  that  the  brown 
blotebes  formed  by  the  larvae  in  the 
leaves  of  the  coffee  plant  exhaust  the 
vital  energy  of  the  leaves,  and  many 
of  the  plants  are  thereby  killed,  and 
whole  plantations  presented  a “ triste 
aspect”  when  M.  Perrottet  examined 
them. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  London  it  is 
not  uncommon  to  see  hawthorn  hedges, 
in  August,  completely  browned  by  the 
blotches  formed  in  the  leaves  by  the 
larvae  of  Cemiostoma  scitella,  and  it 
would  appear  that  C.  Coffeella  abounds 
in  a similar  way  amongst  the  coffee  plan- 
tations of  Guadaloupe.  It  seems  that 
C.  Coffeella  forms,  in  the  leaves  of  the 
coffee  plant,  large  brown  blotches  of 
irregular  form, — thus  very  similar  to 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEB. 


Ill 


those  of  C.  scitella, — and  the  cocoon  that 
it  forms  on  the  outside  of  the  leaf, 
according  to  Guerin-Meneville’s  figures, 
is  precisely  similar  to  the  cocoons  of 
other  species  of  Cemiostoma. 

This  insect,  it  is  stated,  occurs  through- 
out the  year,  but  is  more  or  less  abundant 
according  to  the  seasons.  M.  Perrottet 
commenced  sttidying  the  larva  in  March, 
and  the  perfect  insect  appeared  in  April. 
There  are,  in  those  hot  countries,  several 
broods  in  the  year,  and  in  six  or  eight 
weeks  another  brood  may  be  looked  for. 

The  perfect  insect  is  described  and 
figured  by  Guerin-Meneville,  but  as  we 
do  not  know  whether  the  specimen  was 
in  first-rate  condition,  and  as  a descrip- 
tion of  a Cemiostoma  at  all  worn  could 
hardly  be  recognisable,  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  neglect  altogether  the  imago ; 
or,  if  we  regard  the  figure  and  descrip- 
tion at  all,  to  do  so  making  large  allow- 
ances. One  character  may,  however,  be 
mentioned,  as  it  tends  to  complete  the 
analogy  between  this  insect  and  Cemios- 
toma scitella,  “ the  head  is  surmounted  by 
a little  crest  formed  of  raised  scales.” 

Guerin-Meneville  describes  it  under 
the  name  of  Elachisla  Coffeella,  but,  as 
there  seems  no  reasonable  doubt  of  its 
being  a true  Cemiostoma,  it  may  be  ad- 
visable always  in  future  to  allude  to  it 
under  the  designation  of  Cemiostoma 
Coffeella. 

Perhaps  some  tropical  collector  may 
be  able  to  find  again  this  almost-for- 
gotten species. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

When  this  work  was  first  announced, 
and  we  were  receiving  the  names  of 
subscribers,  we  were  very  particular  to 


write  to  each  subscriber  to  state  that  we 
had  received  his  name,  and  had  had 
much  pleasure  in  adding  it  to  the  list  of 
subscribers.  We  thought  by  this  means 
we  prevented  the  possibility  of  a mistake, 
yet  we  found,  directly  the  subscription 
list  was  closed,  Mr.  A.  said,  “ I told  you 
I intended  to  subscribe.”  Mr.  B.  said, 
“ I asked  Mr.  C.  to  give  you  my  name 
as  a subscriber.”  Mr.  D.  exclaimed  that 
he  had  asked  Mr.  E.,  when  he  saw  Mr.  F., 
to  ask  him  to  be  so  good  as  to  intimate 
his  wish  to  subscribe  to  the  ‘ Natural 
History  of  the  Tineina,’  See.,  Ikc. 

To  all  this  we  simply  replied  the  door 
was  closed,  and  we  could  not  open  it. 
Hinc  multce  lachrymee  ! 

Now  we  see  a mistake  that  we  com- 
mitted; we  wrote  to  each  subscriber 
when  we  received  his  name,  but  those 
who  thought  they  were  subscribing  were 
not  aware  we  did  so.  The  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ 
was  not  then  in  exisience,  and  conse- 
quently there  were  not  the  same  facilities 
for  announcing  to  subscribers  the  receipt 
of  their  names,  or  for  intimating  to 
would-be  subscribers  that  their  names 
had  not  reached  us. 

We  announced  last  February  that  we 
were  now  willing  to  receive  the  names 
of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — X.  to  the 
‘Natural  History  of  the  Tineina,’  at 
ten  shilllings  per  volume,  and  the  names 
of  the  following  subscribers  have  been 
received : — 

1.  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Bussell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

5.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  M'Lacblan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett,  C.  G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 


112 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


] 1.  D’Oi'ville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 

15.  Wilkinson,  T. 

16.  Crotch,  G.  R. 

Vol.  VI.  of  the  ‘Natural  History  of 
the  Tineina,’  treating  of  the  genus  De- 
PKESSARiA,  will  he  published  in  the 
course  of  the  present  month. 


The  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 
ANNUAL  for  1855,  Second 
Edition,  price  2s.  6d.,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing information  on  Collecting  and 
Preserving  Lepidopteea,  by  H.  T. 
Stainton  : — 

1.  How  to  collect  Lepidoptera. 

2.  How  to  rear  Lepidoptera  from  the 
pupa  or  larva  state. 

3.  How  to  kill  Lepidoptera. 

4.  How  to  pin  Lepidoptera, 

5.  How  to  set  Lepidoptera. 

6.  How  to  arrange  Lepidoptera  in  the 
Collection. 

It  also  contains  Notes  on  the  Col- 
lecting and  Preserving  Coleoptera, 
by  T.  Vernon  Wollaston  : — 

1.  Suggestions  where  Coleoptera  should 
be  looked  for. 

2.  The  apparatus  necessary  for  the  col- 
lector of  Coleoptera. 

3.  The  mode  of  preparing  the  specimens 
when  caught. 

From  it  containing  this  information, 
this  little  volume  is  of  great  value  to  all 
beginners,  and  some  may  be  incited  to 
greater  ardour  in  the  pursuit  by  reading 
the  “Address  to  Young  Entomologists  at 
Eton,  Harrow,  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
at  all  other  Schools.” 

London  : John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Price  3s.  6d!., 

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A Guide  to  its  Wonders.  By 
J.  W.  Douglas,  Esq.,  President  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  London. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
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Darwin’s  “ Origin  of  Species.” 

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This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
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Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  July  6, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  249.]  SATUEDAY,  JULY  13,  1861.  [Price  Iti. 


A FALSE  ALARM. 

It  would  appear  that  the  proposed 
migration  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London  to  Gerrard  Street,  Soho,  is 
now  completely  at  an  end. 

The  Society  remains,  at  least  for 
the  present,  in  its  actual  locality,  12, 
Bedford  Eow,  Holborn. 

The  Society  has  been  intending  to 
move  for  the  last  two  years,  but  has 
now  thought  better  of  it;  at  least,  we 
suppose  so,  for  the  saying  is  that 
“second  thoughts  are  best.” 

The  last  Meeting  of  the  Society 
was  most  numerously  attended;  every 
seat  was  occupied,  and  some  who 
were  not  disposed  to  stand  the  whole 
evening  were  glad  to  sit  down  on  the 
floor. 

This  state  of  aSairs  is  not  altogether 
pleasant,  but  what  can  be  done? 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  on  Mon- 
day week,  Mr.  Layard  enquired  whether 
the  Government  were  prepared  to  place 
plans  before  the  House  for  the  erec- 
tion of  suitable  buildings  on  the  site  of 
Burlington  House.  “ Several  years  ago,” 
he  remarked,  “ that  site  was  purchased 


at  a cost  of  £180,000,  and  up  to  the 
present  moment  nothing  had  been  done 
to  render  it  available  for  public  pur- 
poses.” He  thought  “ the  time  had 
come  when  accommodation  should  be 
furnished  at  Burlington  House  for  the 
various  public  institutions  of  science 
and  art.” 

Mr.  H.  Seymour  enquired  “ what  the 
Government  proposed  to  do  with  the 
main  part  of  Burlington  House ; the 
Royal  Society  was  lodged  merely  in 
one  of  the  side  pavilions.” 

Colonel  Sykes  asked  “ whether  it  was 
intended  or  not  to  carry  out  the  plan 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  different 
Societies  for  which  the  site  of  Bur- 
lington House  was  purchased.” 

Mr.  Cowper,  in  reply,  said  “ that 
every  inch  of  Burlington  House  was 
now  occupied  most  advantageously  for 
the  public  by  the  Societies  having 
claims  on  the  Government.  No  final 
decision  had  yet  been  come  to  by  the 
Government  on  many  plans  before  it 
for  appropriating  the  site  and  garden 
of  Burlington  House;  but  he  hoped 
in  a short  time  that  decision  would  be 
made.” 

And  there  the  subject  dropped. 


a 


114 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


It  would,  however,  appear  as  if  it 
were  yet  undecided  whether  the  pre- 
sent buildings  at  Burlington  House 
are  not  to  be  pulled  dowu,  in  order 
that  a more  comprehensive  scheme  may 
be  carried  into  execution ; and  if  this 
be  so  it  may  be  unwise  to  press  too 
strongly  the  claims  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  for  immediate  admis- 
sion, as  during  the  rebuilding  of  Bur- 
lington House  the  Society  would  be 
rather  awkwardly  placed. 


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will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 


before — s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


116 


Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


Change  of  Addeess. — My  new  ad- 
dress, given  in  last  week’s  ‘ Intelligencer,’ 
should  have  been  — William  Machin, 
96,  Grafton  Street,  Globe  Fields,  Mile 
End,  N.E. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Captures  at  West  Wickham  and  Da- 
renth  Woods  in  1861.  — Among  the 
various  species  of  Lepidoptera,  in  the 
perfect  state,  taken  by  myself  at  the 
above-mentioned  localities,  are  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Eurymene  Dolabraria, 

Tephrosia  Crepuscularia, 
Phorodesma  Bajularia, 

Asthena  Luteata, 

...  Sylvata, 

Eupisteria  Heparata, 

Acidalia  Trigemmata, 

Macaria  Notata, 

Numeria  Pulveraria, 

Pachycnemia  Hippocastanaria, 
Eupithecia  Venosata, 

Melanippe  Procellata, 

...  Cnangulata, 

Anticlea  Ruhidata, 

Phibalapteryx  Tersata, 

...  Vitalbata, 

Scotosia  Undulata, 

...  Rhamnata, 

...  Vetulata, 

Notodonta  Dictaeoides, 

Cymatophora  Fluctuosa, 

Or, 

Xylophasia  Rurea. 

I have  as  yet  been  quite  unsuccessful  at 
sugaring,  not  that  Noctine  have  been 


scarce  this  season,  as  I have  taken  more 
on  the  wing  than  I ever  did  before  at 
this  time,  but  they  appear  to  have  greater 
attractions  than  the  contents  of  a sugar- 
bottle  can  afford  them. — T.  Huckett, 
26,  Britannia  Row,  Islington ; July  6. 

Neukoptera. 

Captures  of  Phryganidm. — The  fol- 
lowing species  of  Phryganidse  have  been 
captured,  during  the  last  five  or  six 
weeks,  by  myself  and  brothers : — 

Phryganea  grandis.  Four  males  and 
one  female.  Willesden  and  Hampstead. 

Limnophilus  (Gliphotaelius)  pellucidus 
(1).  West  Wickham. 

L.  (Grammotaulius)  nitidus  (1).  Ham- 
mersmith Marshes. 

L.  (Gonitaulius)  vittatus  (flavus)?  (2). 
Bishop’s  Wood,  Hampstead. 

Stenophylax  lateralis  ? (3).  Kilhurn. 

Leptocerus  pilosus.  This  species  is 
abundant  in  Hyde  Park;  it  may  be 
found  on  the  trunks  of  trees  near  the 
Serpentine,  or  he  taken  (from  about 
7 p.  M.)  flying  in  large  numbers,  near 
the  edge  of  the  water,  and  round  the 
lower  branches  of  the  trees. 

Mystacides  atra.  Hampstead  Ponds ; 
very  common. 

M.  quadrifasciata.  Very  common  in 
Hyde  Park,  and  may  be  captured  in  the 
same  manner  as  L.  pilosus. 

Polycentropuspulchellus.  Hyde  Park; 
common  at  the  foot  of  the  bridge  over 
the  Serpentine  (north  end). — Peecy  C. 
WoEMALD,  10,  Priory  Road,  Kilhurn, 

N.W.;  July  3. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Cossus  Ligniperda. — I beg  to  inform 
you  that  a fine  specimen  of  C.  Ligni- 
perda made  his  appearance  in  my  cage 
yesterday.  I am  aware  that  the  im- 
portance of  the  insect  would  not  justify 


116 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


my  intruding  this  notice  upon  you,  but 
so  much  has  been  said  recently  respecting 
green  versus  dry  wood,  wooden  cage  or 
tin  box,  that  it  may  be  interesting  to  the 
younger  readers  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ to 
hear  how  it  was  reared.  Two  years  ago 
I placed  in  my  cage  two  larvae  of  Cossus, 
appearing  to  me  full  fed.  My  cage  has 
mould  in  it  to  the  depth  of  six  inches; 
this  mould  is  composed  of  garden  loam, 
sand,  gravel,  and  pieces  of  rotten  wood. 
In  the  winter  of  that  year,  water  having 
got  into  the  cage,  I emptied  it,  and 
found  the  Cossus  in  pupae : the  web  ap- 
peared to  be  made  of  rotten  wood,  about 
four  inches  long:  one  of  the  pupae  was 
destroyed  by  the  damp  ; the  other  came 
out  imperfect.  Last  summer  I placed 
another  large  larva  in  the  cage,  and  not 
being  interfered  with  it  has  appeared 
this  summer  in  its  proper  time.  I write 
this  to  show  that  those  who  are  desirous 
of  rearing  the  larva  may  do  so  without 
difficulty,  and  may  place  Cossus  in  their 
cages  without  any  fears  of  having  them 
riddled  by  this  long-lived  insect.  I 
ought  to  have  said  that  my  cage  was  a 
wooden  one. — C.  G. 

Epunda  viminalis. — During  the  last 
nine  or  ten  days  I have  bred  a number 
of  this  insect ; ten  specimens  out  of  the 
number  are  destitute  of  any  white  mark- 
ings ; they  are  veritable  negroes. — James 
Batty,  133,  South  Street,  Park,  Shef- 
field ; July  2. 

British  Lepidoptera  bred  in  1861. — 
The  following  are  additions  to  my  list  of 
species  bred  this  season  {ante  p.  51) : — 

Papilio  Machaon,  May  8. 

Satyrus  Hyperanthus,  June  20.  I took 
a larva  of  this  species  feeding  on  grass  on 
the  12th  of  May,  at  Shirley. 

SmerinthusOcellatus,  May  10.  I found 
pupa?  of  this  species  at  the  roots  of  wil- 
lows, at  Tottenham. 

Nola  Cucullatella,  June  22.  I took 
larvae  of  this  species  on  whitethorn,  in 
April  and  May,  at  Tottenham.  The 
Uirva  spins  a very  neat  cocoon  on  the 


stem  of  its  food-plant,  in  which  it  turns 
to  pupa,  and  remains  so  for  two  or  three 
weeks,  when  the  moth  makes  its  ap- 
pearance ; it  very  soon  commences  to  fly 
about,  and  the  wings  speedily  lose  their 
beauty. 

Callimorpha  Dominula,  June  18. 

Chelonia  Caja,  June  25.  The  larva 
of  this  species  has  been  very  plentiful 
this  season.  I have  at  various  times  bred 
a considerable  number  of  this  species,  in 
hope  of  getting  varieties,  but  as  yet  have 
not  succeeded. 

Arctia  Lubricepeda,  May  12.  Larvre 
in  my  own  garden. 

A.  Menthastri,  May  8.  Do. 

Liparis  Dispar,  July  1.  Bred  from 
eggs  obtained  from  specimens  last  year. 

Bombyx  Callunae,  May  7.  From 
pupae  reared  in  the  North  of  England. 

Rumia  Crataegata,  June  19.  Larvae 
off  whitethorn.  I took  larvae  of  this 
some  two  or  three  weeks  after  I had  ob- 
served the  moth  flying  about ; so  there  is 
little  doubt  the  species  is  to  be  met  with 
in  all  the  stages  of  insect-life  at  the  same 
lime. 

Boarmia  Repandaria,  June  2.  I took 
a larva  of  this  on  birch,  at  West  Wick- 
ham, while  looking  fpr  night-feeding 
larvae,  in  April. 

Hemithea  Thymiaria,  June  13.  Larvae 
feeding  on  whitethorn,  Hornsey. 

Cabera  Pusaria,  May  16.  I have  bred 
a large  number  of  this  species,  having 
taken  all  the  larvae  that  came  in  my  way, 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  if  the 
species  was  distinct  from  Rotundaria,  as 
1 had  been  told  there  was  no  difference 
between  the  larva  of  the  one  and  the 
other.  From  my  own  experience  I de- 
cidedly incline  to  consider  that  Pusaria 
and  Rotundaria  are  but  one  species; 
nevertheless,  with  the  view  of  definitely 
settling  this  disputed  point,  I have 
obtained  several  batches  of  eggs  of  un- 
doubted specimens  of  Pusaria,  and  the 
larvae  are  now  feeding : I shall  anxiously 
await  the  issue. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


117 


C.  Rotundavia,  May  16. 

C.  Exanthemaria,  May  14.  Larvae  on 
sallows,  Darenih. 

Scodonia  Belgiaria,  May  20.  Larvae 
on  heath,  West  Wickham. 

Aspilates  Strigillaria,  May  31.  Larvae 
on  heath  ; it  spins  a slight  cocoon  among 
its  food-plant,  several  inches  from  the 
ground,  and  remains  in  the  pupa  state 
about  three  weeks. 

Abraxas  Grossulariata,  July  1.  From 
a pupa  I took  of  this  insect  a specimen 
has  made  its  appearance  in  mourning, 
being  a very  dark  variety. 

Pachycnemia  Hippocastanaria,  May 
10.  Larva  on  heath,  Shirley. 

Eupithecia  Castigata,  May  11.  I have 
bred  a considerable  number  of  this  spe- 
cies, but  I do  not  know  where  I obtained 
the  larvce. 

Cidai'ia  Testata,  June  23.  I obtained 
a few  eggs  from  a female  of  this  species 
last  autumn;  they  hatched  on  the  15lh 
of  April  last : I gave  them  leaves  from 
various  trees,  and  found  they  preferred 
sallow,  but  have  no  objection  to  birch  : 
it  is  very  easy  to  rear : when  full  fed  the 
larva  spins  a slight  cocoon  among  the 
leaves  of  its  food-plant,  and  turns  to  a 
beautiful  pupa ; the  moth  then  makes  its 
appearance  in  about  two  weeks. 

Ptilophora  Palpina,  June  25.  From 
larvae  on  sallows.  West  Wickham. 

Notodonta  Dictaeoides,  May  16.  From 
larvae  on  birch.  West  Wickham. 

N.  Ziczac,  May  12.  From  larvae  on 
sallow  and  dwarf  poplar.  West  Wick- 
ham and  Darenth. 

N.  Dodonea,  June  2.  From  larvae  on 
oak,  Darenth. 

Acronycta  Leporina,  May  9.  From 
larvae  on  birch.  West  Wickham.  When 
the  larvae  are  full  fed  I give  them  a piece 
of  cork,  in  which  they  eat  their  way  and 
turn  to  pupae,  after  first  covering  the 
hole  with  hairs  from  their  body. 

Mamestra  Persicarise,  May  11.  From 
larvae  on  various  plants  in  my  own 
garden,  at  Islington. 


Agrotis  Porphyrea,  June  21.  From 
larvae  on  heath.  West  Wickham. 

Triphaena  Fimbria,  June  27.  From 
larvae  on  birch.  West  Wickham.  Being 
a night-feeder,  those  who  desire  to  pro- 
cure the  larvae  must  pay  nocturnal  visits 
to  the  woods,  when  with  the  aid  of  a 
lantern  they  may  be  taken,  not  uncom- 
monly off  the  just-bursting  buds  of  birch, 
in  April. 

T.  Orbona,  June  13.  From  larvae  on 
various  low  plants,  and  by  the  use  of  a 
sweeping-net  they  may  be  taken  in  some 
numbers  in  April  and  May. 

T.  Pronuba,  June  16.  From  larvae  on 
grass  and  other  low  plants. 

Noctua  Triangulum,  June  3.  From 
larvae  feeding  on  birch,  West  Wickham. 

N.  Brunnea,  June  14.  Do. 

N.  Festiva,  June  9.  Do. 

N.  Baja,  June  18.  Do. 

Trachea  Piniperda,  May  17.  From 
larvae  on  pine.  West  Wickham  and  Da- 
renth. 

Orthosia  Upsilon,  June  26.  From 
larvae  on  willow.  Those  in  want  of  this 
species  should  look  at  the  trunks  of  the 
willows  just  as  it  is  getting  dusk,  when 
the  larvae  may  be  observed  running  up 
the  trees  to  feed : the  larva  is  a night 
feeder,  and  is  full  fed  at  the  latter  end  of 
May. 

Aplecta  Nebulosa,  June  4.  From  larvae 
on  birch  and  sallow.  West  Wickham. 

Hadena  Chenopodii,  June  12. 

H.  Contigua,  May  24.  From  larvae 
on  birch  and  oak.  West  Wickham  and 
Darenth. 

Hypena  Proboscidalis,  June  19.  From 
larvae  on  nettles. 

Botys  Fuscalis,  June  28. 

— Th  0 M AS  H ucKETT,  26,  Britannia  Bow, 
Islington;  July  Q. 


EXCHANGE. 

Eggs  of  Lophopteryx  Camelina.  — I 
have  fertilized  eggs  of  X.  Camelina  to 


118 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


dispose  of,  and  shall  be  glad  to  send  fifty 
each  to  gentlemen  who  can  supply  me 
with  a series  of  four  or  six  of  any 
of  the  following,  numbered  as  in  the 
Appendix  to  Stainton’s  ‘Manual’: — 
47,  70,  75,  168,  195,  206,  219,  273,  280. 
Please  write  previous  to  sending  box. — 
Joseph  Weagg,  7,  Spring  Gardens, 
Doncaster;  July  8. 

Exchange.  — I have  duplicates  of 
nearly  all  the  British  butterflies,  many 
rare  moths  and  the  following  birds’ 
eggs 

Bearded  Tit, 

Hawfinch, 

Royston  Crow, 

Norfolk  Plover, 

Common  Redshank, 

Reeve, 

Common  Snipe, 

Moorhen, 

Coot, 

Great  Crested  Grebe, 

Herring  Gull, 

Great  and  Lesser  Blackbacked  Gull, 
Richardson’s  Skua, 

which  I wish  to  exchange  for  either  eggs 
or  moths.  Should  my  duplicates  of  eggs 
not  hold  out  against  the  demand,  I can 
get  a fresh  supply  another  season. — 
Heney  Teasdel,  jun..  Port  Dues,  Great 
Yarmouth. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  KALTENBACH’s 

‘vegetable-feeding  insects.’* 

Depressaria  purpurea  on  carrot  {Dau- 
cus  Carola).  According  to  Dr.  Wocke 
the  larvas  is  plentiful  in  kitchen-gardens 
at  Breslau,  on  carrots,  on  the  leaves  of 
which  plant  it  feeds  quite  in  the  style  of 

* ‘ Die  deutschen  Phytophagen  aus 
der  Klasse  der  Inseckten,’  published 
in  the  ‘ Verhaiidlungen  des  Naturhis- 
torischen  Vereine  der  preussischen  Rhein- 
lande  und  Westphalens.’ 


Depressaria  applana.  It  prefers  places 
that  are  rather  shady.  Larvae  collected 
on  the  1st  of  August  underwent  their 
metamorphoses  in  the  earth,  and  pro- 
duced perfect  insects  from  the  9th  of 
August  to  the  1st  of  September. 

Depressaria  daucella  (nervosa)  on  Carum 
Carui.  Buhle  has  observed  (Archiv  der 
deutschen  Landwirtbschaft,  Jan.  1841) 
the  larva  of  this  species  on  the  caraway 
plant,  whole  fields  being  sometimes  in- 
jured by  it. 

Laverna  Idcei  on  Epilohium  angusti- 
folium.  1 have  for  several  successive 
years  reared  this  insect  in  some  plenty 
from  larvae  which  I collected  in  a sandy 
place  near  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  the  roots 
of  Epilohium  angustifolium.  They  feed 
in  the  inner  bark  and  on  the  tender  outer 
bark,  often  from  three  to  five  on  one 
root,  but  they  will  penetrate  the  alburnum 
and  the  young  wood,  and  generally  lie 
in  a white  web.  One  finds  the  full- 
grown  larvae  at  the  end  of  April  and 
beginning  of  May  still  unchanged  ; the 
imago  appeared  in  my  breeding-cages  at 
the  end  of  May  and  in  June.  Larva 
whitish  bone-colour.  Head  brownish, 
with  the  mouth  darker;  thoracic  shield 
paler;  anterior  legs  and  anal  segment  of 
the  ground-colour;  prolegs  very  small. 

[From  the  above  account,  this  larva 
would  seem  nearly  related  to  that  of 
L.  ochraceella ; it  would  be  interesting 
to  know  where  the  larva  of  L.  Idcei 
undergoes  its  change  to  the  pupa-state.] 

Butalis  Noricella  on  Epilohium  angus- 
tifolium. Dr.  Wocke  found  the  larva  of 
this  species  in  May  and  June  in  the 
terminal  shoots  of  Epilohium  angusti- 
folium, which  it  draws  together,  and  thus 
hinders  the  growth  of  the  plant. 

Pterophorus  Loewii  on  Erythrcea  cen- 
taurea.  According  to  Herrn  Schmid  and 
Miihlig,  the  larva  of  Pterophorus  Loewii 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


119 


feeds  from  July  to  September  in  tbe 
green  seed-capsules  of  Erylhrcta  cen- 
taurea,  eating  out  tbe  contents  and  living 
well  concealed;  the  protruding  yellowish 
brown  “frass”  betraying,  however,  their 
presence.  In  collecting  this  species  it  is 
best  to  gather  the  plants  and  keep  them 
in  water  for  some  time,  as  the  full-fed 
larvae  gradually  leave  the  capsules  in 
order  to  change,  and  the  first  Plumes 
are  already  on  the  wing,  whilst  some  still 
remain  in  the  larva  or  pupa  states. 

Pterophorus  microdactylus  on  Eupa- 
iorium  Cannabinum.  The  larva  lives 
from  tbe  end  of  summer  till  spring  in 
the  stems  of  Eupatorium  Cannabinum, 
e.specially  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
knots.  Not  unfrequently  we  find  two  or 
three  larvae  in  one  stem,  which  change 
to  pupae  in  May,  and  furnish  the  perfect 
insects  in  the  beginning  of  June,  if  not 
previously  killed  by  the  parasitic  larvae 
of  Apanteles  lamgator. 

Cochylis  phaleraiana  on  Eupatorium 
Cannabinum.  I have  obtained  this 
beautiful  Tortrix  when  breeding  Ptero- 
phorus microdactylus,  but  only  very 
sparingly.  My  colleague.  Dr.  Forster, 
has  also  bred  the  insect  two  successive 
years  from  wintered  stems  of  Eupatorium. 
The  larva  consequently  is  a pith-feeder, 
like  those  of  Cochylis  Mussehliana  and 
Zephyrana. 

Sesia  tenthrediniformis,  Lasp.  {empi- 
formis,Yievieg)  on  Euphorbia  cyparissias. 
According  to  a communication  of  Herr 
Koch,  the  larva  of  this  insect  lives  in  the 
stems  of  Euphorbia  cyparissias.  Unfor- 
tunately some  larvae  which  I collected  in 
the  roots  of  this  plant  near  Wiesbaden, 
at  the  beginning  of  September,  perished 
on  the  journey  hither.  According  to 
O.  Wilde,  the  larvae  may  be  found  at  the 
end  of  February  in  the  old  root-stumps, 
and  the  imago  bred  from  them  in  May. 


[The  foregoing  extracts  will  show  that 
this  elaborate  Memoir  of  Kaltenbach’s 
may  prove  serviceable  to  others  besides 
collectors  of  Tineina.  Tortrices,  Ptero- 
phora  and  Sphinges  being  only  a small 
portion  of  the  other  matter  it  contains ; 
Diptera,  Hemiptera  and  Coleopteia  are 
also  fully  noticed. 

We  shall  probably  recur  to  Herr  Kal- 
tenbach’s Memoir  on  another  occasion.] 


OXFORD  PHILOSOPHY. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer,'' 

Sir, — It  has  required  but  little  Oxford 
philosophy  * to  discover  that  the  curious 
birch-leaf  larva  you  placed  in  my  hands 
at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Entomological 
Society,  and  which,  I see,  forms  the  sub- 
ject of  an  article  in  your  last  week’s 
number,  belongs  to  the  Order  Coleoptera, 
Family  Curculionidw,  Genus  Orchestes, 
and  most  probably  to  the  species  Or- 
chestes scutellaris. 

I remain. 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  0.  Westwood. 

Oxford  University  Museum, 

July  8,  1861. 

* This  I take  to  consist  in  a precise 
investigation  of  facts,  and  a determina- 
tion to  regard  as  true  only  what  has 
been  satisfactorily  proved  to  be  so. 


Price  3s., 

PRACTICAL  HINTS 
respecting  MOTHS  and  BUT- 
TERFLIES, with  Notices  of  their  Lo- 
calities ; forming  a Calendar  of  Entomo- 
logical Operations  throughout  the  Year 
iu  pursuit  of  Lepidoptera.  By  Richakd 
Shield. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


120 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Catalogue  of  British  Coleoptera. 

COPIES  of  WATERHOUSE’S 
CATALOGUE  OF  BRITISH 
COLEOPTERA,  stitclied  and  put  up  in 
a paper  cover,  may  be  obtained  by  ap- 
plying- to  Mr.  Chaeles  Waterhouse, 
British  Museum,  W.C.,  who  will  forward 
them  per  post,  if  not  otherwise  directed. 
They  may  be  paid  for  by  penny  post- 
stamps. 

Price  7s.  6d. ; or,  if  printed  on  stout 
paper,  and  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
for  labelling  Cabinets,  8s.  6d.  This  latter- 
edition  has  no  index. 

The  POCKET  CATALOGUE  OF 
BRITISH  COLEOPTERA,  by  the 
same  Author,  may  be  obtained  in  the 
same  manner.  Price  2s. 

The  former  of  these  two  Catalogues 
contains  the  leading  synonyms  of  each 
species,  and  includes  likewise  references 
to  the  specimens  in  Stephens’  and  some 
other  public  collections.  In  the  “ Pocket 
Catalogue”  synonyms  are  given  only  in 
cases  where  new  species  are  added,  or 
where  any  change  is  made  in  the  name 
adopted  in  the  Synonymic  Catalogue. 


IMPORTANT  COLLECTION  OF 
BRITISH  BIRDS,  of  which  the 
following  are  some  of  the  rarest,  all 
well  mounted,  the  property  of  a private 
gentleman : — 

Eagle  Owl,  fine  old  male,  Shetland, 
38s. 

Honey  Buzzard,  Perthshire,  16s. 
Goshawk,  Perthshire,  very  old  male, 
18s. 

Gullbilled  Tern,  rather  young  speci- 
men, Norfolk,  8s. 

Golden  Oriole,  2s.  6d. 

Adult  Egyptian  Vulture,  Egypt,  25s. 
Sqtiacco  Heron, summer  plumage,  16s. 
Magnificent  Egyptian  specimen  of  the 
Griffon  Vulture,  with  fine  ruff,  lost  one 
inferior  claw,  otherwise  perfect,  £2  2s. ; 
not  mounted. 

The  history  and  full  details  of  capture 
by  Amateurs  will  be  given,  if  required. 

Address,  A.  B.,  13,  Hova  Villas,  Clif- 
tonville,  Brighton. 


Svo,  cloth, 

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A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
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THE  EMTOSVIOLOGISTS 

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VOLUNTEERS. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Ento- 
mological Society  a military  gentle- 
man, who  has  not  attended  any  of  our 
meetings  for  some  time,  and  of  whom 
entomologically  little  or  nothing  has 
lately  been  heard,  apologised  for  his 
absence  and  silence,  remarking  that 
his  lime  had  been  very  much  taken 
up  with  the  volunteer  movement. 

If  a military  man  finds  that  the 
volunteer  movement  interferes  with  his 
pursuit  of  Entomology,  of  course  such 
of  our  readers  who  are  patriotic  mem- 
bers of  the  various  corps  scattered 
through  the  country,  and  who  are  not 
professed  militaires,  must  find  their 
entomologic  tendencies  sadly  crippled. 

The  volunteer,  as  we  take  it,  is  a 
civilian  employed  at  a desk  from 
morning  to  evening  every  day  in  the 
week,  except  on  Saturdays,  when  we 
suppose  he  is  set  free  at  2 p.m.  Now, 
in  order  to  fit  himself  for  his  post  as 
a volunteer,  he  has  to  drill  — when  ? 
In  the  early  morning  and  in  the 
evening;  and  he  has  occasionally  to 
march  out  with  the  battalion  to  which 


his  corps  belongs  — when  ? On  Satur- 
day afternoons. 

Now  what  time  has  such  a volunteer 
for  Entomology?  Simply,  none  at  all. 
Hence  it  is  not  surprising  that  many 
who  ivere  entomologists  a few  years 
ago  have  gradually  dropped  off,  not 
that  they  by  any  means  deliberately 
turned  their  backs  on  Entomology  ; but 
they  undertake  new  duties — found  fresh 
claims  on  their  time;  then,  being 
thrown  amongst  fresh  companions,  to 
whom  they  could  not  talk  of  their 
hexapod  predilections,  the  love  of  En- 
tomology gradually  burnt  out  in  them. 
Calls  for  subscriptions  for  a bugle,  a 
band,  new  uniforms, — the  exchequer 
becomes  embarassed ; they  seek  then 
what  unnecessary  expenditure  they  can 
retrench.  So  first  goes  one  thing, 
then  another;  soon  the  subscription  to 
the  Entomological  Society  is  dropped  ; 
then  the  collection  is  going  to  ruin, — 
the  mites  will  soon  eat  it,  — better 
sell  it  while  worth  anything;  so  the 
collection  is  speedily  disposed  of, 
and  the  entomological  library  probably 
follows  ? 

Whilst  thus  entomologists,  once  ar- 
deflt,  are  disappearing  and  vanishing 


K 


122 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


entirely  from  our  sight,  the  volunteer 
movement  exerts  a prejudicial  in- 
fluence on  our  Science  in  another 
way.  It  catches  those  who  might 
have  become  entomologists,  and  ab- 
stracts them  from  the  range  of  scientific 
attraction.  This  will  tend  to  destroy 
the  crop  of  entomologists  for  many 
years  to  come,  and  we  fear  there  is 
DO  help  for  it  but  to  submit. 

But  the  volunteers  need  not  surely 
go  a step  further,  and  occupy  all  the 
best  collecting  grounds  for  field-day 
practice,  &c.,  &c.  Entomologists  peace- 
fullj'  pursuing  their  sport  on  heaths 
near  the  metropolis  have  ere  now  found 
themselves  placed  between  two  hostile 
forces,  and  the  skirmishers  have  dis- 
lodged game  not  down  in  their  vocab- 
ulary. 

Possibly  the  volunteer  movement  may 
have  been  overdone,  and  may  therefore 
tend  to  produce  a reaction  which  will 
be  beneficial  to  everybody  ; but  certainly 
at  present  the  entomological  prospect, 
as  seen  through  the  smoke  of  the  rifle- 
men, is  anything  but  encouraging. 

The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


123 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsjield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S.E,  No  notice 
will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

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a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when, 
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TO  COEEESPONDENTS. 

J.  E.  R. — Your  fly,  Musca  larvarum, 
is  very  common.  We  fear  you  have  not 
read  much : try  Kirby  and  Spence. 

B.  B.  and  G. — A list  of  names  only  is 
of  no  use.  Indications  of  when,  where 
and  how  captured  make  a list  readable, 
but  without  such  indications  the  list  is 
not  worth  printing. 

H.  J.,  SiDCue. — Such  a variety  as  you 
describe  is  not  common. 

J.  N.,  WiGTON. — Your  larva  is  that 
of  a sawfly,  Trichiosoma  lucorum.  You 
will  find  a full  account  of  it  (Int.  vol.  ii. 
p.  134)  in  the  speech  delivered  by  T.  lu- 
corum, at  the  “ Important  Meeting  of 
Sawflies.” 

Q. — The  advertisement  will  be  4s. 


CAPTUEES. 

LePIDOI’TERA. 

Doinys  in  the  New  Forest. — Since  ray 
last  but  little  has  turned  up  ; nothing  at 


sugar  as  yet.  About  three  weeks  since 
I found  a pupa  spun  up  beneath  the 
loose  bark  of  an  old  oak,  which,  from 
the  situation,  the  beautiful  bloom  which 
covered  it,  and  the  size,  I made  sure 
was  either  Catocala  Promissa  or  Sponsa  ; 
but,  on  looking  at  it  a few  days  since, 
judge  of  my  disgust  on  finding  emerged, 
instead  of  the  promised  one  or  the  spouse 
I had  so  fully  expected,  that  wretched 
Moorish  old  nigger  Mania  Maura  ! The 
‘Manual’  says  of  Mania,  “pupa  sub- 
terranean,” which,  I should  think,  is 
either  a mistake  (certainly  is  in  this 
case)  or  that  the  “ old  lady,”  in  her 
younger  days,  is  not  very  particular  as 
to  the  situation  in  which  she  lays  up. 
P.  .^gon  has  been  out  in  the  greatest 
abundance,  and  a few  are  still  left  flitting 
over  heatby  places.  Argynnis  Adippe 
and  Paphia  are  also  out  in  plenty ; of 
the  last-named  species  I have  had  the 
pleasure  of  catching  a few  splendid  speci- 
mens of  the  dark  variety  so  confined  to 
the  New  Forest.  A.  Aglaia  and  L.  Si- 
bylla are  neither  of  them  common  this 
year. — W.  Faeren,  Brockenhurst,  New 
Forest,  Hants;  July  14. 

Captures  of  Lepidoptera.  — Between 
the  24th  of  June  and  6th  inst.  we  made 
the  following  captures  in  Kent : — 

Aporia  Crataegi.  One  only,  whereas 
in  1858  they  were  flying  by  hundreds. 

Hipparchia  Janira.  A very  curious 
specimeu,  with  the  hind  wings  lead- 
colour. 

H.  Hyperanthus.  Common,  but  not 
nearly  so  abundant  as  in  1858. 

Argynnis  Paphia.  One  very  fine  spe- 
cimen. 

A.  Selene.  Much  rarer  than  last  year. 

Melitaea  Athalia.  In  1858  this  spe- 
cies was  exceedingly  abundant;  this 
season  we  have  only  taken  five  speci- 
mens. 


124 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


Anthrocera  Trifolii.  Common. 

A.  Lonicerfe.  Plentiful. 

A.  Filipendulae.  Very  abundant.  These 
three  species  were  all  flying  together  in 
the  same  field.  We  caught  an  Anthro- 
cera, which  seems  to  come  between  Fili- 
pendulcB  and  Lonicerce,  it  having  five 
distinct  spots,  and  the  faint  ajrpearance 
of  a sixth. 

Hepialus  Hectus.  Very  common:  this 
insect  comes  out  at  sunset,  and  does  not 
continue  more  than  fifteen  minutes  on 
the  wing. 

Pterostoma  Palpina  (1). 

Miltochrista  Miniata.  Frequent. 

Arctia  Villica  (1). 

Euthemonia  Russula.  Two:  saw 
others,  but  were  unable  to  catch  them, 
on  account  of  their  high  and  rapid 
flight. 

Drepana  Falcataria  (4). 

Limacodes  Testudo  (4). 

Thyatira  Batis.  This  and  the  three 
following  moths,  together  with  two  others 
whose  names  we  have  not  yet  deter- 
mined, are  the  only  ones  which  came  to 
sugar. 

Miana  Strigilis. 

Aplecta  Nebulosa. 

Hadena  Thalassina. 

Erastria  Fuscula.  Very  plentiful  by 
beating;  was  common  at  sugar  last 
season. 

Ourapteryx  Sambucaria.  Common. 

Venilia  Maculata.  Common;  but 
worn. 

Angerona  Prunaria.  One,  also  three 
fine  green  varieties. 

Metrocampa  Margaritata  (1). 

Cleora  Lichenaria  (1). 

lodis  Lactearia.  Swarming. 

Hemithea  Tbymiaria  (2). 

Ephyra  Punctaria.  This  insect,  which 
should  be  over  by  the  beginning  of 
June,  was  abundant  and  in  excellent 
condition  as  late  as  the  4th  inst. 

E.  Pendularia.  One,  also  in  good  con- 
dition. 

E.  Porata  (3). 


Aslhena  Candidata.  Common. 

A.  Luteata  (3). 

Acidalia  Trigeminata.  One,  by  beat- 
ing  hawthorn. 

A.  Imitaria  (I). 

Bradyepetes  Amataria.  Frequent. 

Macaria  Notata  (1). 

Minoa  Euphorbiata.  Rather  com- 
mon. 

Emmelesia  Alchemillata.  Very  abun- 
dant. 

Eupithecia  Tenuiata  ? Common. 

E.  Abbreviata  (2. 

E.  Vulgata  (2). 

E.  Rectangulata.  Common. 

Melanthia  Albicillata.  Four  beautiful 
specimens,  by  beating  hazel. 

Melanippe  Hastata.  One  remarkably 
large  specimen. 

Anticlea  Sinuata  (1). 

A.  Rubidata  (1). 

Coreraia  Quadrifasciaria  (1). 

Cidaria  Picata.  Six  very  fine  ones, 
by  beating  oak. 

Ennychia  Octomaculata  (1). 

Cataclista  Lemnata.  Swarming  over 
ponds. 

Botys  Lancealis.  Abundant. 

ChiloForficellus.  Common  over  ponds. 

Roxana  Arcuella.  Common  ; this  spe- 
cies was  scarce  last  year. 

Cerostoina  Xylostella  (1). 

Pterophorus  Acantbodactylus.  Com- 
mon. 

P.  Pentadactylus.  Do. 

Besides  various  others,  “ common  ” and 
“abundant  everywhere.”  — Henev  R. 
Cox  & Co.,  10,  Thurlow  Villas,  West 
Dulwich;  July  11. 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

The  Birch  Miner. — I have  submitted 
specimens  of  this  little  weevil,  bred  from 
the  larva  mining  in  birch  leaves  (p.  109) 
to  Mr.  Waterhouse,  who  pronounces  them 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


125 


to  be  “ Orchestes  Rusci,  a common  spe- 
cies on  birch.” — H.  T.  Stain  ton; 
July  15. 


EXCHANGE. 

Erebia  Cassiope. — I have  very  fine 
specimens  of  ibis  insect  to  exchange  for 
the  following  insects,  as  numbered  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  ‘Manual’; — 9,42,48, 
52,  79  to  82,  90,  92  to  98,  101,  102, 109, 
111,  115,  117,  119,  121,122,  125,  127, 
128,  131,  132,  134,  140,  143,  144,  149, 
150,  152,  155  to  157,  170,  174  to  176, 
183, 187, 192,  194  to  196,  202,  203,  207, 
209,  210,  221,  222,  228,  238,  242,  244, 
246  to  250,  265,  275,  276,  287,  308, 311, 
313  to  315,  319  to  321,  325,  329,  330, 
331,  344,  349,  350,  355,  362,  375,  377, 
382,  385,  386,  389,  391,398,400,401, 
405,  407,  409,  417,  419,  421,  422,  433, 
435,  437,  445,  446,  448.  None  but 
good  specimens,  with  entomological  pins, 
will  be  required.  Persons  not  receiving 
a reply  within  a week,  must  conclude 
their  oflfers  are  not  accepted. — Feedk. 
Bcckton,  6,  HeecA  Grove  Terrace,  Leeds; 
July  13. 

Apamea  Connexa. — I shall  he  glad  to 
supply  this  insect  to  any  one  who  is  in 
want  of  it.  I should  like  to  know  soon, 
iso  that  I may  take  sufficient.  — Rev. 
G.  Rtjdston  Reed,  Sutton- on- Denvent ; 
July  16. 

Epione  Vespertaria. — Having  a few 
bred  females  of  this  species  in  duplicate, 
I should  like  to  exchange  them  for  some 
of  the  following : — 

Leucophasia  Sinapis, 

Colias  Hyale, 

Liinenitis  Sibylla, 

IApatura  Iris, 

Erebia  Cassiope,  , 


Theda  Pruui, 

...  Betulee, 

Lycaena  Arion, 

Hesperia  Actaeon, 

Macroglossa  Fuciformis, 

Lithosia  Aureola, 

...  Quadra, 

...  Pygmaeola. 

These  are  not  all  my  desiderata,  but 
I should  like  some  of  the  above  first. 
I have  also  other  duplicates  too  nume- 
rous to  mention.  Persons  wishing  to 
exchange  had  better  write  first. — J.  Car- 
etngton,  Clifton,  York;  July  16. 

Exchange. — I have  duplicates  of  the 
following,  numbered  as  in  the  Appendix 
to  Stainton’s  ‘Manual’; — Nos.  91,  137, 
172,  189,  279,  366,  571,  623.  Persons 
wishing  to  exchange  had  better  write 
first,  staling  what  they  have  to  spare. — 
H.  Stephenson,  Fisher  Yard,  Longroyd 
Bridge,  near  Huddersfield ; July  14. 


THE  BIRCH  MINER. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer,' 

Sir, — Will  you  oblige  the  entomolo- 
gical public  by  publishing  the  locality 
from  whence  the  larva  found  mining 
birch  leaves  was  obtained.  Professor 
Westwood  decides  the  larva  to  be  that  of 
Orchestes — probably  O.  scutellaris.  This 
is  a rare  species,  as,  during  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  I have  only  fouud  one 
spot  where  I could  obtain  the  species, — 
namely,  Corlon  Common,  near  Lowes- 
toft, Suffolk ; there,  however,  it  is  taken 
on  the  elm.  I have  frequently  taken  the 
allied  genus  Tachyerges ; the  species 
T.  stigma  on  the  birch,  as  well  as 
O.  pratensis,  and  also  Rusci,  but  I don’t 
know  whether  they  mine  the  leaves  or 


126 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


not.  If  the  locality  for  the  Orchestes 
larraj  were  near  London  it  would  be 
worth  a journey  to  obtain  Orchestes  scu- 
tellaris. 

Yours  sincerely, 

Frederick  Smith. 

27,  Richmond  Crescent, 

Islinyton. 

[The  leaves  tenanted  by  the  larvae 
in  question  were  collected  near  Scar- 
borough. Tourists’  tickets  for  that  lo- 
cality can  be  obtained  at  Euston  Square 
or  King’s  Cross.] 


EXTRACTS  FROM  KALTENBACH’s 

‘vegetable-feeding  insects.’* 

(Continued  from  p.  119.) 

Cochylis  Smeathmanniana  on  Achillea 
Millefolium.  According  to  iny  observa- 
tions the  larva  of  this  Tortrix  feeds  in 
summer  in  the  flower-heads  of  the  yar- 
row, changing  to  a pupa,  in  autumn,  in 
a thick  web  amongst  the  dried  flowers, 
by  which  it  is  quite  concealed. 

Fenusa  pygmcea  on  Agrimonia  Eupa- 
toria.  In  summer  the  larvae  of  a small 
black  sawfly  {Fenusa  pygmcea,  Hartig, 
Emphytus  pygmeeus,  Klg.)  mine  the 
leaves  of  Agrimonia  Eupatoria,  making 
roundish  brown  blotches.  Probably  the 
larvae,  which  make  blotches  in  the  leaves 


* ‘ Die  deutschen  Phytophagen  aus 
der  Klasse  der  Inseckten,’  published 
in  the  ‘ Verhandlungen  des  Naturhis- 
torischen  Vereine  der  preussischen  Rhein- 
lande  und  Westphalens.’ 


of  Potentilla  Repens,  produce  the  same 
insect.  These  larvae,  which  have  great 
resemblance  to  those  of  Blenocampa 
pusilla,  which  mine  in  the  leaves  of 
bramble,  undergo  their  changes  in  the 
earth,  appearing  in  the  perfect  state  in 
the  following  July.  My  specimens  bred 
in-doors  were  hardly  half  the  size  of 
specimens  bred  out-of-doors. 

Cochylis  Mussehliana  on  Alisma  Plan- 
tago.  The  larva  of  C.  Mussehliana  feeds 
on  the  pilh  of  the  stem  of  Alisma  Plan- 
tago,  changing  to  a pupa  in  July  inside 
the  stem,  and  the  perfect  insects  emerge 
during  the  summer.  In  August  and 
September  the  young  larvae  of  the  second 
brood  may  be  met  with;  these  winter  in 
the  stems  and  change  to  pupae  in  May, 
the  perfect  insects  appearing  early  in 
June. 

Rdslerstammia  asseclella  on  onion.  The 
small  yellowish  green  larva  of  R.  asseclella 
feeds,  in  August  and  September,  in  the 
tubular  leaves  of  the  common  onion,  as 
well  as  between  the  heart-leaves  of  leek, 
which  it  sometimes  damages  down  to  the 
root.  The  change  to  the  pupa  takes 
place  outside  the  food-plant  in  a longish 
loose  cocoon.  The  moth  appears  in  eight 
or  ten  days,  and  often  flies,  in  September 
and  October,  in  the  houses  of  the  country 
people,  when  they  have  already  stored 
their  onions.  I have  myself  seen  whole 
fields  of  onions  and  leeks  destroyed  by 
this  larva  and  that  of  Anthomyia  Ce- 
parum. 

Orchestes  Alni,  L.,  a small,  dirty  yellow, 
four-spotted  weevil  is  found  in  Sweden, 
according  to  Gyllenhal,  on  the  leaves  of 
the  alder.  I have  bred  it  abundantly 
from  mining  larvae,  which  make  blotches 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


127 


in  elm-leaves  in  June,  most  frequently 
at  the  tips  of  the  leaves.  The  metamor- 
phosis takes  place  within  the  inflated 
mine;  the  beetle  appears  in  July  and 
August.  It  would  be  therefore  very 
interesting  to  learn  whether  this  larva 
has  elsewhere  been  noticed  mining  the 
leaves  of  alder,  as  it  here  mines  the 
leaves  of  elm.  Should  this  not  be  the 
case,  I should  be  inclined  to  maintain, 
with  my  colleague  Forster,  that  the 
Linnean  name  Orchestes  Alni  was  very 
probably  a misprint,*  or  a lapsus  calami, 
for  Orchestes  Ulmi. 

Cryptohlahes  bistriga  (rutilella)  on 
alder.  The  larva  of  this  moth  occurs 
near  Vienna,  according  to  von  Hornig, 
on  low  bushes  of  alder.  It  lives  in  an 
irregular  web,  which  is  placed  between 
two  leaves  which  are  fastened  together 
in  a flat  position ; there  are  generally 
several  larvae  on  the  same  plant:  they 
eat  the  leaves  partly  at  the  margins  and 
partly  between  the  ribs.  They  are  easily 
reared,  as  the  larvae  do  not  object  to 
withered  nor  even  to  dry  leaves.  The 
larva  forms  a wide  and  loose  cocoon 
between  leaves,  or  on  the  earth,  and 
changes  to  a pupa  in  October,  the 
imago  appearing  in  the  following  month 
of  May. 


* [As  a sample  of  misprints  or  errors 
of  copying,  I may  mention  that  in  the 
very  paper  of  Kaltenbach  s I am  ex- 
tracting, I am  quoted  as  an  authority 
for  the  larva  of  Coleophora  Badiipennella 
occurring  on  elm  and  ivy  (“  an  Ulmen 
und  Epheu”),  “ Epheu  ” being  evi- 
dently a misprint  for  “ Eschen,”  ash  — 
H.  T.  S.] 


Coleophora  Astragalella.  According  to 
my  own  observations  the  larva  of  C.  As- 
Iragalella  feeds  on  the  seeds  oi  Astragalus, 
boring  into  the  seed-pods  from  the  out- 
side. The  cases,  at  first  yellow  and  then 
brown,  are  attenuated  and  bent  at  the 
mouth.  Out  of  between  thirty  and  forty 
larvae  I did  not  have  the  pleasure  of 
rearing  a single  moth. 

Phyllotoma  Aceris  on  sycamore.  The 
yellowish  larva  of  this  sawfly  mines  in 
the  leaves  of  the  sycamore  in  July  and 
August.  It  excavates  great  blotches  be- 
tween the  two  skins  of  the  leaf.  When 
full  fed  it  spins  a circular  but  flat  cocoon 
within  the  mine,  winters  therein  in  the 
larva  state,  and  changes  to  a pupa  in  the- 
following  spring.  I bred  the  sawfly  in 
my  room  early  in  May. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

We  announced  last  February  that  we 
were  now  willing  to  receive  the  names 
of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — X.  to  the 
‘Natural  History  of  the  Tineina,’  at 
ten  shillings  per  volume,  and  the  names 
of  the  following  subscribers  have  been 
received: — 

1.  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Russell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

5.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  M‘Laclilan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Barrett,  C.G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 

1 1.  D’Orville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 


128 


THE  ENTOiMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLT  INTELLIGENCER. 


13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14-.;  Balding,  A. 

3,5.  Wilkinson,  T. 

16.  Crotch,  G.  R. 

17.  Lighten,  Rev.  Sir  C.  R.,  Bart. 

18.  Preston,  Rev.  T.  A. 

19.  Burney,  Rev.  H. 

Vol.  VI.  of  the  ‘Natural  History  of 
the  Tineina,’  treating  of  the  genus  De- 
PEESSARiA,  will  he  published  in  the 
course  of  the  present  month. 


Leeds  Naturalists’  Society. — On 
Monday,  July  8th,  the  Entomological 
Society  of  Leeds  held  its  half-yearly 
meeting  in  the  Society’s  room,  King’s 
Arms,  Quarry  Hill,  when  the  half-yearly 
account  was  gone  through,  showing  an 
increase  of  members,  and  likewise  the 
addition  of  new  and  valuable  works  to 
the  Society’s  library.  The  following 
members  were  elected  to  fill  the  respec- 
tive oflBces  for  the  ensuing  half-year: — 
Mr.  Joseph  Fletcher,  President;  Mr. 
Robert  Saville,  Vice-President ; Mr.  J. 
James,  Secretary ; and  Mr.  Joseph  Black- 
burn, Treasurer.  A vote  of  thanks  was 
given  to  the  past  officers,  which  con- 
cluded the  business  of  the  evening. — 
Joseph  James,  Secretary. 


Hardy  & Bold’s  Coleoptera. 

Ihave  several  copies  of  this  Catalogue 
(extracted  from  the  ‘ Transactions  of 
the  Tyneside  Naturalists’  Field  Club’) 
now  on  hand,  and  shall  be  happy  to  for- 
ward it  to  any  applicant,  on  the  receipt 
of  5s.  4d.  in  postage-stamps.  This  Cata- 
logue is  not  only  most  useful  to  the 
Northern  Coleopterist,  but  it  will  be 
found  of  very  great  assistance  to  all 
who  are  studying  this  branch  of  Ento- 
mology. 

V.  R.  Perkins. 

Bank  of  England, 

Neiocaslk-upon-  Tyne. 


XiDWABD  NEWniAN’S  POFXrZ.AB 

svasmsK  books. 

1.  History  of  British  Ferns. 
Figures  and  Descriptions  of  every  Spe- 
cies. Eighteen  Shillings. 

2.  Insect  Hunters.  An  easv  Intro- 
duction to  Entomology.  Two  Shillings 
and  Sixpence. 

3.  A Natural  History  of  British 
Butterflies.  Figures  and  Descriptions 
of  every  Species.  Sevenpence. 

4.  Birdsnesting.  Description  ofNest 
and  Egg  of  every  British  Bird.  Thirteen- 
pence. 

5.  Complete  List  of  British  Birds. 
English  and  Latin  names.  Fivepence. 

All  post  free. 

E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire  Street, 
Bishopsgate. 


Price  3s., 

PRACTICAL  HINTS 
respecting  MOTHS  and  BUT- 
TERFLIES, with  Notices  of  their  Lo- 
calities ; forming  a Calendar  of  Entomo- 
logical Operations  throughout  the  Year 
in  pursuit  of  Lepidoptera.  By  Richard 
Shield. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


SYNONYMIC  LIST  of  BRITISH 
LEPIDOPTERA,  for  interchange 
amongst  Collectors.  Part  II.  is  now 
ready.  Price  Is.  Qd.  per  dozen  (post 
free). 

SYNONYMIC  LISTS  to  the  end  of 
the  Noctu*  may  still  be  had  on  applica- 
tion. Price  Is.  3d.  per  dozen,  or  4s.  Gd. 
for  50  (post  free). 

H.  T.  Stainton. 
Mountsfield,  Lew'isham,  S.E. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
jsrate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  JulySO,  IS61. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  251.]  SATUEDAY,  JULY  27,  1861.  [Price 


MISPRINTS. 

Shouxd  misprints  be  perpetuated?  At 
one  time  we  should  have  answered  this 
question  in  the  affirmative,  and  in  our 
volume  of  the  ‘ Insecta  Britannica,’  at 
p.  294,  we  read  “ Frangutella.”  Now 
we  all  know  that  “ Frangutella  ” was 
a misprint  for  Frangulella,  the  insect 
being  named  after  the  plant  Rhamnus 
Frangula,  but  we  then  held  that  the 
misprint  could  not  be  corrected! 

Now,  suppose  Goeze’s  printer  had 
set  it  up  Frangutella,,  should  we  have 
maintained  that  the  name  ought  always 
to  have  been  afterwards  written  with 
the  letter  t topsy-turvy?  Clearly  such 
an  absurdity  could  not  have  been 
maintained. 

Or  suppose  the  word  had  been  mis- 
! spelt  Frnngrlella,  should  we  have  in- 
j sisted  on  pronouncing  that  word,  which 
to  those  not  educated  in  Wales  would 
have  been  rather  difficult?  We  think 
not? 

Clearly,  then,  there  are  misprints  so 
glaring  that  it  is  perfectly  natural  to 
correct  them,  and  “ Frangutella,^’'  we 
'are  of  opinion,  may  with  perfect  pro- 


priety be  now  written  Frangulella.  If 
the  law  of  priority  were  indeed  so 
rigid  that  no  name,  however  misspelt, 
could  be  corrected,  we  might  have 
had  names  unpronounceable,  and  names 
with  inverted  letters.  The  law  must 
therefore  be  interpreted  reasonably,  and 
that  degree  of  latitude  will,  we  imagine, 
admit  of  the  correction  of  words-  which 
are  manifestly  misspelt. 

In  the  ‘ Manual,’  vol.  ii.  p.  428,  we 
corrected  the  spelling  to  Frangulella, 
but  we  did  not  at  that  time  assign 
any  reason  for  the  change  in  the  ortho- 
graphy. 

Now  that  we  are  at  work  on  a 
volume  of  the  ‘Natural  History  of  the 
Tineina,’  which  will  treat  of  the  genus 
Bucculatrix,  we  thought  it  desirable 
to  place  thus  publicly  on  record  our 
altered  views  on  the  subject  of  the 
perpetuation  of  misprints. 

Whether  such  a misprint  as  Alni 
for  Ulmi  is  admissable  for  correction 
(see  last  number,  p.  127),  is  a point 
on  which  we  will  not  at  present  ex- 
press an  opinion.  The  correction  of 
each  individual  misprint  must  stand 
upon  its  own  merits,  and  we  can  lay 
down  no  invariable  rule  that  will  apply 


s 


130 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


mallieraatically  to  every  case  that  may 
possibly  occur. 

Of  course  we  can  imagine,  from  our 
own  former  feelings,  that  our  younger 
readers  would  like  to  have  some  more 
precise  and  inflexible  rules  on  this 
and  probably  on  all  other  subjects; 
perhaps,  however,  in  a few  years  they 
will  be  more  disposed  to  a system  of 
mutual  accommodation,  and  on  finding 
the  abstruse  absurdities  to  which  the 
quintessence  of  rigorism  would  bring 
them,  they  may  recoil  from  the  prospect 
rising  up  in  front  of  them. 

The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  he  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
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All  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
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tions. 

Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
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before — s.  d. 

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Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
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Notice. — I have  returned  home,  and 
am  ready  to  receive  the  boxes  of  my 
correspondents. — R.  W.  Wright,  4, 
Gloucester  Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road, 
Hackney,  N.E. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


131 


TO  COEEESPONDENTS. 

Apethorpiensis. — If  the  pupee  are 
not  dead  they  will  come  out  some  time 
or  other.  Nearly  all  insects  are  liable 
to  remain  at  times  more  than  one  winter 
in  the  pupa  state.  Beer  and  rum  are 
both  good  additions  ; but  the  best  sugar 
often  fails  entirely  for  weeks,  moths 
finding  “metal  more  attractive”  else- 
where. 


CAPTUEES, 

Lepidopteba. 

Drepana  Sieula. — I have  the  pleasure 
to  announce  that  in  conjunction  with  my 
friend  Mr.  G.  Harding,  last  June,  we 
captured,  in  Leigh  Woods,  near  here, 
several  fine  specimens  of  D.  Sieula.  As 
this  rare  insect  has  occurred  so  very 
occasionally  our  capture  of  it  may  be 
worth  recording.  — Cephas  Butler, 
8,  Cheese  Lane,  St.  Philip's,  Bristol ; 
July  19. 

Stathmopoda  pedella.  — I have  the 
pleasure  to  record  the  capture  of  two 
specimens  of  this  insect  at  West  End, 
Hampstead.  They  were  taken  by  Mr. 
E.  J . Twiss,  of  Kilburn  Square. — Pe  rcy 
C.WoRMAXD,  10,  Prior'y  Road,  Kilburn, 
N.W.;  July  18. 

Recent  Captures. — During  a fortnight 
spent  in  Surrey,  Suffolk  and  Norfolk,  we 
made  a number  of  captures,  which  may 
not  prove  uninteresting  to  your  readers, 
among  which  are  the  following : — 

Stauropus  Eagi.  One,  in  a lane  near 
Reigate,  taken  sitting  quietly  at  rest  on 
the  upper  side  of  a nut-leaf,  by  night. 
The  specimen  was  a fine  male. 


Thyatira  Batis  and  Derasa.  Both  these 
species  occurred  on  the  under  sides  of 
hawthorn  leaves  at  night,  in  a short  lane 
near  “The  Freehold,”  at  Reigate. 

Xylophasia  Rurea.  The  efforts  which 
we  made  in  sugaring  were  rewarded,  to 
our  great  disgust,  by  a solitary  specimen 
of  Rurea;  this  was  at  Reigate.  At 
Norwich  our  success  was  rather  better. 

X.  Hepatiea.  Very  common  in  lanes 
near  Reigate. 

Dipterygia  Pinastri.  One,  at  sugar, 
at  Norwich,  in  a heavy  shower.  ' 

Hecatera  Serena.  One,  on  the  palings 
of  Mr.  Saunders’  garden  at  Reigate, 
apparently  fresh  from  the  pupa. 

Abrostola  Urticse.  Common  in  lanes 
near  Reigate,  at  night. 

Plusia  Iota.  One,  at  Reigate. 

Ephyra  Omicronaria.  Tolerably  com- 
mon near  Reigate.  One  turned  up  at 
Headley  Lane. 

E.  Punctaria.  Near  Reigate. 

Eupisteria  Heparata.  Near  Horning 
Ferry. 

Bradyepetes  Amataria.  Very  common 
in  lanes  at  Reigate. 

Eupithecia  Venosata.  Beaten  out  of 
yew,  on  the  way  to  Box  Hill  from 
Reigate. 

Acidalia  Ornata.  By  beating,  near  Box 
Hill. 

Melanthia  Albicillata,  Near  Rei- 
gate. 

Melanippe  Trislata  and  Procellata. 
Common,  by  beating,  at  Reigate. 

M.  Galiata.  One,  by  beating,  in  the 
same  locality. 

Anticlea  Sinuata.  One  near  Reigate. 

Phibalapteryx  Tersata.  Common  near 
Box  Hill. 

Cidaria  Picata.  One  at  Reigate. 

.4naitis  Plagiaria.  One  at  Headley 
Lane : also  occurred  in  the  woods  between 
Reigate  and  Box  Hill. 


132 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Botys  Hyalinalis.  Two,  at  Reigate. 

Pempelia  Ornatella.  One,  by  beating, 
near  Reigate  Park. 

Crambus  Uliginosellus.  Common  on 
Reigate  Heath. 

Coleophora  Lixella.  Near  Reigate. 

Pterophorus  Ochrodactylus.  One,  on 
the  way  to  the  “ Beech  urns.” 

P.  Bipunctidactyliis  and  Pentadacty- 
lus.  Abundant  near  Reigate ; the  former 
confined  to  one  small  bank. 

We  visited  Hollingbury  Hill,  near 
Brighton,  for  Glohularice,  but  were  un- 
successful. Since  our  return  one  Ro- 
boraria  has  turned  up,  after  infinite 
searching,  at  Bowdon. — 

J.  B.  Blackburn, 
Thomas  Blackburn, 

E.  M.  Gelbart, 

Bowdon  ; July  20. 

Larva  near  Sheffield. — In  the  early 
part  of  this  year  I noted  in  the  ‘ Intelli- 
gencer’ that  I had  taken  many  larvse  by 
sweeping  in  our  woods  at  night.  Since 
that  time  I have  had  many  letters,  asking 
what  they  have  produced.  I can  answer 
those  questions  best  now  that  the  insects 
have  made  their  appearance,  fbr  I did 
not  know  the  larvae  at  the  time  of  cap- 
ture. The  first  to  make  its  appearance 
was  Porphyrea,  followed  by  Festiva,  He- 
patica,  Adusta,  Baja,  Fimbria,  Nebulosa, 
Brunnea  and  Scolopaeina.  Of  the  two 
last-named  1 have  some  very  fine  speci- 
mens, and  shall  have  some  to  spare  for 
most  of  my  friends  who  may  happen  to 
want  them.  I am  almost  ashamed  to 
own  that  I had  not  (previous  to  this 
year)  made  acquaintance  with  the  larvm 
of  some  of  our  commonest  species  of 
Noctuae.  — William  Thomas,  iVo.  7 
Court,  Tom  Cross  Lane,  Sheffield; 
July  21. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Carpocapsa  Splendana. — Some  of  your 
readers  having  questioned  the  truth  of 
my  statements  with  respect  to  this  insect 
(Int.  vol.  viii.  p.  148),  with  your  kind 
permission,  I will  now  endeavour  to  sub- 
stantiate them.  Last  autumn  I searched, 
but  without  success,  for  acorns  that  had 
been  impregnated  with  larvae  of  Carpo- 
eapsa  Splendana ; however,  expecting  to 
breed  something  from  them,  I had  pre- 
served the  acorns  containing  larvm,  upon 
which  I had  founded  my  previous  obser- 
vations, and  as  I have  not  bred  any  other 
species  of  Tortri.x,  and  only  four  of  this, 
I cannot  come  to  any  other  conclusion 
than  that  the  larvae  found  by  me  were 
those  of  Splendana,  though  I now  regret 
that  I did  not  at  the  lime  show  the  larvae 
to  some  one  better  acquainted  with  them 
than  myself.  The  four  specimens  to 
which  I have  alluded  are  equal  to  any 
I bred  last  season,  and  made  their  ap- 
pearance about  the  same  date,  viz. — 

June  23  ...  1 

...  27  ...  2 

...  30  ...  1 

I beg  to  thank  my  numerous  entomo- 
logical friends  for  their  kindness  towards 
me  last  season,  and  to  inform  them 
that  unavoidable  circumstances  have  pre- 
vented me  from  attending  to  Entomology, 
having  as  yet  only  been  able  to  make 
one  excursion  this  season. — J.  Bryant, 
63,  Old  Broad  Street,  E.C.;  July  19. 


EXCHANGE. 

Acidalia  Inomata. — I have  a batch  of 
ova  of  the  above-named’ species  to  spare. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


133 


Would  any  friend  like  to  feed  them  for 
ten  months? — W. Thomas,  No. 7 Court, 
Tom  Cross  Lane,  Sheffield. 

Duplicates. — I shall  be  glad  to  give 
Cillenum  laterale  to  any  one  who  is  in 
want  of  it,  and  who  will  forward  box 
and  return  postage. — Rev.  R.  Kirwood, 
Sunderland  ; July  20. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NOTES. 

The  season  of  1861  has  hitherto  pro- 
mised better  than  its  extremely  moist 
predecessor,  and  to-day  is  for  once  a 
true  summer  day.  I have  not  collected 
much  this  year, but  from  the  little  1 have 
seen  of  the  “ world  of  insects  ” this  year 
has  interested  me  more  than  the  whole 
of  last  year. 

Some  weeks  since  I caught  a sawfly, 
mistaking  it  for  an  Odynerus,  but  not 
having  my  net  I spoilt  him.  A short 
time  after  a similar  Tenthredo  was  taken, 
and  this  time  transferred  to  a box,  but 
he  lay  there  forgotten,  until  too  stiff  to 
set,  and  was  then  thrown  away.  Since 
that  I have  found  the  species  out,  and  it 
was  Zarma  fasciata,ox  the  white-handed 
sawfly,  which  I believe  to  be  a rare 
species. 

Towards  the  end  of  May  or  beginning 
of  June  Osmia  bicornis  swarmed  on  the 
“ golden  rain.”  This  species  does  not 
last  long,  and  should  be  caught  as  soon 
as  it  appears. 

A few  days  since  I took  one  specimen 
of  Osmia  fulviventris,  and  1 hope  to 
catch  more,  as  not  only  is  luy  own  series 
incomplete,  but  I hope  to  supply  a cor- 
respondent with  it.  If  after  this  1 take 


more  I shall  be  happy  to  send  it  to  any 
one  to  whom  it  is  a desideratum  ; but  I 
must  not  be  too  eager  to  promise  until  I 
see  whether  more  are  to  be  found.  Any 
one  wanting  it  might  write  a line,  and  if 
I find  it  much  wanted  I will  hunt  well 
for  it. 

I am  afraid  that  the  solitary  bees 
have  suffered  more  than  the  social  ones 
during  the  “ previous  hydropathic  sys- 
tem” of  temperature,  for  many  of  the 
common  species  were  comparatively  rare 
this  spring ; the  only  one  found  in  great 
abundance  was  Andrena  hicolor,  which 
in  the  North  was  a perfect  pest.  I have 
not  yet  succeeded  in  taking  the  male, 
the  A. of  Kirby’s  monograph. 

The  gooseberry  grub  has  been  un- 
comfortably abundant  in  gardens  this 
year.  How  long  the  brood  lasts  ; there 
are  now  many  larvae  still  feeding  on  the 
raspberry  trees ; indeed,  it  is  difiucult  to 
know  what  they  do  not  feed  on. 

Crabro  dimidiatus  is  not  yet  out,  but 
as  it  has  occurred  several  times  in  this 
locality  I hope  to  take  it  again;  it  is 
always  rare. 

In  Lepidoptera  I have  taken  nothing 
but  Drepana  falcataria,  and  commoner 
species.  If  any  one  wishes  for  eggs  of 
either  Plusia  Gamma,  P.  Iota  or  P. 
Chrysitis,  1 dare  say  that  I could  pro- 
cure some  for  them.  About  a month 
ago  a friend  took  two  specimens  of 
Melanippe  hastata  and  one  of  Abraxas 
Ulmata  in  Hop  was  Wood,  about  two 
miles  and  a half  from  this  town.  The 
latter  species  is  pretty  common  in  the 
wood;  I have  also  taken  it  near  Mor- 
peth, where  it  is  no  rarity.  Although  I 
have  hunted  well  for  M.  hastata  I have 


134 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER, 


not  succeeded  in  turning  up  any  more. 
This  wood,  if  well  searched,  would,  I am 
certain,  prove  productive  of  many  local 
insects.  Sirex  Gigas  has  been  taken 
there,  some  years  ago,  and  other  good 
species. 

I was  anxious  this  year  to  take  dupli- 
cates of  Hylobia  Abietis,  but  was  only 
successful  in  procuring  two  specimens  ; 
it  occurs  commonly  in  Northumber- 
land. 

The  question  “ as  to  whether  one  spe- 
cies of  Pulex  is  parasitic  on  more  than  one 
animal?”  is,  I suppose,  still  unsettled. 
I find  one’s  relations  will  not  believe  the 
contrary  assertion. 

Last  autumn  I amused  myself  by 
searching  seed-heads  in  search  of  larvae ; 
the  whole  of  my  captures  were  dipterous. 
One  species  {Phytomyza  Plantaginis  P) 
seems  to  be  extremely  abundant  in  dock 
leaves  in  September;  a second  (Cecido- 
myia  JacobeceP)  feeds  within  the  seed- 
heads  of  the  ragwort;  and  a third 
{Cecidomyia  Syngenesice  P)  feeds  in  the 
seed-heads  of  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

The  dipteron  Scatophaga  Ceparum, 
Kirby  and  Spence,  still  makes  ravages 
among  the  onions.  It  is  difficult  to  rear, 
and  the  onion  has  not  the  most  agreeable 
scent,  so  that  I failed  in  rearing  it. 

H.  Rospini. 

Tamworlh,  July  15. 


NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
TINEINA. 

We  announced  last  February  that  we 
were  now  willing  to  receive  the  names 


of  subscribers  for  Vols.  VI. — X.  to  the 
‘ Natural  History  of  the  Tineina,’  at 
ten  shillings  per  volume,  and  the  names 
of  the  following  subscribers  have  been 
received ; — 

1.  Bond,  F. 

2.  Hartwright,  J.  H. 

3.  Russell,  W.  T. 

4.  Kenderdine,  F. 

5.  Killingback,  H.  W. 

6.  ]M‘Lacblan,  R. 

7.  Latch  ford,  W.  H. 

8.  Bairett, C.G. 

9.  Farren,  W. 

10.  Wilkinson,  G.  H. 

11.  D'Orville,  H. 

12.  John,  E. 

13.  Backhouse,  W. 

14.  Balding,  A. 

15.  Wilkinson,  T. 

16.  Crotch,  G.  R. 

17.  Lighten,  Rev.  Sir  C.  R.,  Bart. 

18.  Preston,  Rev.  T.  A. 

19.  Burney,  Rev.  H. 

Vol.  VI.  of  the  ‘Natural  History  of 
the  Tineina,’  treating  of  the  genus  De- 
PBESSARIA,  will  be  published  in  the 
course  of  the  present  month. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  KALTENBACH’s 

‘vegetable-feeding  insects.’* 

(Continued  from  p,  127.) 

Eupcecilia  dipoltana  on  yarrow.  The 
lai'va  of  E.  dipoltana,  according  to  Herr 
Schmid,  of  Frankfort,  feeds  in  autumn 
in  tubular  webs  amongst  the  flowers  and 


* ‘ Die  deutschen  Phytophagen  aus 
der  Klasse  der  Inseckten,’  published 
in  the  ‘ Verhandlungen  des  Naturhis- 
torischen  Vereine  der  preussischen  Rhein- 
lande  und  Westphalens.’ 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


135 


seeds  of  the  common  yarrow,  winters  on 
the  food-plant,  not  changing  to  the  pupa 
state  till  May ; the  imago  appears  in 
July  and  August. 

Pterophorus  ochrodactylus  on  Achillea 
Plarmica.  On  the  15th  of  May,  1857, 
I found  this  (till  then  unknown)  larva  on 
Achillea  Ptarmica  in  sheltered  places. 
It  lives  singly  between  the  united  ter- 
minal leaves,  and  feeds  on  the  tender 
pith  of  the  stem,  which  it  often  excavates 
to  the  depth  of  an  inch.  Its  presence  is 
betrayed  by  the  heaps  of  black  excre- 
ment which  protrude  from  between  the 
decaying  heart-leaves.  The  young  larva 
is  greyish  white,  with  four  brown  longi- 
tudinal stripes  on  each  side,  and  a dark 
dorsal  line.  After  the  last  moult  (towards 
the  end  of  May)  it  is  six  lines  long, 
greenish  olive,  shining,  with  three  white 
longitudinal  lines  on  each  side,  the 
middle  line  being  the  slenderest.  Dorsal 
line  darker  green.  The  pupa  is  at  first 
green,  afterwards  brown  ; it  is  suspended 
free  by  the  tail.  The  imago  appears 
early  in  July. 

Cochylis  Poslerana  on  several  Com- 
posite. According  to  Zeller,  the  larva 
of  this  Tortrix  feeds  in  the  flower-heads 
of  Arctium  Bardana,  Carduus  nutans, 
Centaurea  jacea,  and,  according  to  Von 
Hornig,  also  in  Carduus  Acanthoides,  on 
which  plant  he  found  them  at  the  end  of 
October.  The  larva  is  dull  yellow  ; the 
head  brown-black ; the  thoracic  shield 
pale  brown-grey.  It  changes  to  the 
pupa  state  in  or  on  the  earth  in  a thick 
cocoon  covered  with  grains  of  earth.  The 
imago  appears  at  the  end  of  May  and 
beginning  of  June. 

Depressaria  Cnicella  on  thistle.  I have 


repeatedly  bred  this  insect  from  very 
lively  green  larvae,  which  feed  in  June, 
on  the  radical  leaves  of  Cirsium  lanceola- 
tum.  They  gnawed  the  flesh  of  the  upper 
side  of  the  leaf  in  stripes,  and  covered 
themseh'es  by  turning  down  the  edge  of 
the  leaf.  Herr  v.  Tischer  furnished  for 
the  Treitschkean  Cnicella  the  description 
of  a larva  which  feeds  gregariously  in 
May  on  Eryngium  campesfre,  between 
united  leaves.  Certainly  his  larva  is 
different  from  that  which  has  furnished 
me  the  Depressaria  which  Zeller  deter- 
mined for  me  as  Cnicella. 

[Is  it  not  possible  that  there  may  be 
two  closely  allied  species,  one  of  which 
feeds  on  Eryngium  and  the  other  on 
thistle?  The  former  has  of  late  years 
been  always  reputed  the  true  Cnicella ; 
but  perhaps  the  thistle-feeder  may  be 
able  to  substantiate  a claim  to  that  title. 
The  matter  is  worthy  of  serious  con- 
sideration.] 

Procris  Glohulariee  on  Centaurea.  This 
larva,  which  should  feed  on  Plantago 
lanceolata,  was  found  by  Zeller  on  Cen- 
taurea. It  bores  into  the  leaf,  and  eats 
out  the  parenehyma  to  near  the  tip,  the 
leaf  thus  appearing  inflated.  When  it 
can  find  no  more  to  eat  it  bites  its  way 
out  of  the  leaf,  and  proceeds  to  another, 
which  it  treats  in  a similar  way,  so  that 
one  finds  more  leaves  empty  than  are 
tenanted  by  larvae.  It  undergoes  its 
metamorphosis  in  a slight  cocoon  on  the 
earth. 

(To  be  continued.) 


136 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


For  Sale. 

A WELL  - MADE  MAHOGANY 
CABINET,  French  Polished, 
height  37  inches,  width  27  inches,  depth 
16  inches,  containing  26  drawers  in  two 
tiers;  size  2^  by  14^  by  12|^  inches;  one 
tier  corked,  the  other  soft  pine  bottom  ; 
the  whole  glazed  and  papered.  Lowest 
price  £7. 

Also  a COLLECTION  of  INSECTS, 
consisting  of  about  250  species  and  1200 
specimens,  well  set  and  in  good  condi- 
tion, to  be  disposed  of  in  lots  of  16  species 
and  6 dozen  specimens,  on  the  average, 
in  each  lot.  Price  5s.  per  lot.  The  above 
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of  Seotter,  Kirton  Lindsey. 

A full  description  and  drawing  of  the 
Cabinet,  with  a Catalogue  of  the  several 
lots,  will  be  sent  on  receipt  of  a stamped 
envelope,  by 

Edwin  Teaele, 

Gainsborough. 


The  EN  TOMOLOGIS'l  ’S 
ANNUAL  for  1855,  Second 
Edition,  price  2s.  6d-,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing information  on  Collectino  and 
Preserving  Lepidopxeea,  by  H.  T. 
Stainton ; — 

1.  How  to  collect  Lepidoptera. 

2.  How  to  rear  Lepidoptera  from  the 
pupa  or  larva  state. 

3.  How  to  kill  Lepidoptera. 

4.  How  to  pin  Lepidoptera. 

5.  How  to  set  Lepidoptera. 

6.  How  to  arrange  Lepidopteya  in  the 
Collection. 

It  also  contains  Notes  on  the  Col- 
lecting and  Peeseeving  Coleoptera, 
by  T.  Veenon  Wollaston  : — 

1.  Suggestions  where  Coleoptera  should 
be  looked  for. 

2.  The  apparatus  necessary  for  the  col- 
lector of  Coleoptera. 

3.  The  mode  of  preparing  the  specimens 
when  caught. 

From  it  containing  this  information, 
this  little  volume  is  of  great  value  to  all 
beginners,  and  some  may  be  incited  to 
greater  ardour  in  the  pursuit  by  reading 
the  “Address  to  Young  Entomologists  at 
Eton,  Harrow,  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
at  all  other  Schools.” 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


To  Entomologists. 

The  zoologist  for  August  will 
contain  a complete  list  of  the 
Macro-Lepidoplera  of  Moray;  an  an- 
nouncement of  two  new  British  Noctiiae  ; 
capture  of  and  locality  for  Notodonla 
bicolor  in  England;  and  minute  descrip- 
tions of  the  larvae  of  Acidalia  rusticata, 
A.  inornata,  Halia  wavaria,  Aspilates  slri- 
gillaria,  Hybernia  defoliaria,  Enpithecia 
dodoneata,  Cidaria  sufifumata,  C.testala, 
Cilix  spinula,  Clostera  aTiachoreta,  Epi- 
sema  catruleocephala,  Caradrina  Alsines, 
C.  blanda,  Noctua  neglecta,  Taeniocampa 
stabilis,  T.  munda  and  Orthosia  Up- 
silon. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Price  3s.  6cZ., 

HE  WORLD  OF  INSECTS; 
A Guide  to  its  Wonders.  By 
J.  W.  Douglas,  Esq.,  President  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  London. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Preparing  for  Publication, 

Paet  I.  OF 

RHOPALOCERA  AFRIC.E 
AUSTRALIS  : 

A Popular  Work  on  the  Butterflies  of 
Southern  Africa,  containing  full  de- 
scriptions of  all  the  known  Species, 
with  Notes  on  their  habits,  haunts, 
times  of  appearance,  geographical  distri- 
bution, &c. 

By  Roland  Trimen,  M.E.S.Lond. 

N.B.  Price  of  a single  copy  not  to 
exceed  5s.  Qd. 

The  names  of  Subscribers  will  be 
received  by  S.  Stevens,  Esq.,  F.L.S., 
24,  Bloomsbury  Street,  W.C. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Nkwmaw, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  July  27, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  253.]  SATUEDAY,  AUGUST  3,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


FLAT-BODIES. 

The  v^olurae  of  the  ‘Natural  History 
of  the  Tineiiia’  which  is  just  pub- 
lished treats  of  the  Depressariw,  or 
Flat-hodies.  The  exotic  relations  of 
the  Flat-bodies  are  of  such  large  size 
that  one  looks  at  them  with  amaze- 
ment, and  seems  perplexed  at  Tineina 
so  gigantic!  Of  course  the  question 
will  arise,  what  constitutes  them  Ti- 
neina, or  small  moths  ? 

That  the  European  Depressarice  be- 
long to  the  Tineina  few  would  be 
disposed  to  dispute,  though  if  the  palpi 
were  broken  off  they  could  not  be 
easily  separated  from  the  Tortricina; 
however,  most  recent  writers  on  the 
subject  are  now  disposed  to  consider 
the  Tortricina  only  as  a family  of  the 
Tineina,  and  not  as  a group  distinct, 
like  the  Geometrina  from  the  Noc- 
tuina,  so  that,  considered  from  this 
point  of  view,  the  similarity  of  the 
Flat-bodies  and  other  cognate  genera 
to  the  Tortricina  is  the  less  sur- 
prising. 

Those  who  are  personally  acquainted 
with  the  larvae  of  the  genus  Depres- 


saria  are  aware  of  their  extreme  simi- 
larity to  many  of  the  common  leaf- 
rolling Tortrix  larvae:  they  resemble 
them  especially  in  their  agility  and 
rapidity  of  movement;  and  here  it  is 
remarkable  that  although  the  Tortrix 
or  Lozotania  is  only  distinguished  for 
agility  in  its  early  life, — that  is,  in  its 
larva  state,  the  perfect  insect  being 
comparatively  sluggish,  — the  Depres- 
saria  retains  its  activity  in  the  per- 
fect state,  and  though  its  movements 
have  not  the  electric  velocity  of  a 
Gelechia,  they  are  sufficiently  rapid  to 
indicate  a proximity  of  relationship  to 
that  genus. 

One  contrast  between  Tortrix  and 
Depressaria  is  rather  interesting ; we 
believe  all  larvae  of  Tortrix  and  Lozo- 
tania  emerge  from  the  egg  in  autumn, 
pass  the  winter  as  young  larvae,  feed 
up  in  early  spring,  and  appear  in  the 
perfect  state  in  June  and  July;  a 
Depressaria  larva,  on  the  contrary, 
almost  always  comes  out  of  the  egg 
in  spring  or  summer,  feeds  up  in  the 
summer  months,  and  produces  the  per- 
fect insect  in  July,  August  and  Sep- 
tember, the  imago  generally  hyber- 
naling,  and  being  often  seen  on  the 


T 


138 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


wing  in  March  and  April.  Depressaria 
assimilella  is  a notable  exception  to 
this  rule,  the  larva  being  batched  in 
autumn. 


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s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


Mr.  Stainton  will  be  “ at  home  ” on 
on  Wednesday  next,  the  7th  inst.,  at 
6 P.M.,  as  usual. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEE. 


139 


CAPTURES. 

Leptdopteea. 

Zeuzera  ^sculi. — Perhaps  it  may  be 
interesting  to  some  of  your  readers  to 
know  that  I had  a female  specimen  of 
this  insect,  in  good  condition,  brought  to 
me  by  a friend,  who  said  it  was  on  a heap 
of  horse-dung,  under  a clump  of  trees. 
— Henry  Bied,  near  Woodside  Green, 
Great  Hallingbury,  Essex;  July  22. 

Argyresthia  Literella.  — The  other 
evening  I visited  the  alders  on  the  banks 
of  the  Eavensbourne,  in  search  of  Stalh- 
mopoda  pedella  ; I was  not  successful  in 
finding  any ; I suppose  I was  too  late, 
but  still  I might  have  expected  to  have 
met  with  some  wasted  specimens.  Argy- 
resthia Gvedartella  was  dislodged  by  hun- 
dreds every  time  I touched  a branch : 
turning  over  a netful  of  that  insect,  one 
specimen  put  me  in  mind  of  Literella,  so 
I boxed  it  and  brought  it  home.  Having 
now  set  it  out  I am  able  to  announce 
that  it  IS  Argyresthia  Literella,  an  insect 
I did  not  previously  possess.  — H.  T. 
Stainton  ; July  26. 

Captures  in  Westmoreland. — On  the 
14th  inst.  I started,  with  my  friend  Mr. 
Henry  Eobinson,  to  visit  Whitbarrow 
Scar,  to  look  for  Ashworthii ; we  returned 
disappointed  in  our  object,  but  had  the 
pleasure  of  meeting  with  several  species 
we  had  never  before  taken,  some  common, 
but  nevertheless  interesting,  on  account 
of  its  being  the  first  time  we  had  seen 
the  species  alive.  On  that  and  the  fol- 
lowing day  we  captured  the  following 
species : — 

Polyommatus  .Egon.  In  profusion ; 
never  met  with  this  common  species 
before. 

Coenonympha  Davus. 

Nudaria  Mundana.  Plentiful. 

Gnophos  Obscuraia.  Dififerent  colour 
to  Parley  Heath  or  Lewes  specimens ; a 
female  has  laid  a batch  of  eggs. 


Hemithea  Thymiaria. 

Pseudopterpna  Cytisaria. 

Acidalia  Promutata.  Several. 

...  Immutata.  Do. 

...  Inornata. 

Cabera  Exanlhemaria. 

Macaria  Alternaria. 

Larentia  Olivata. 

Emmelesia  Tieniata. 

Eupithecia  Denotata. 

...  Constrictata. 

...  Nanala. 

...  Tenuiata. 

...  Sobrinata. 

...  Pumilata. 

Thera  Coniferata. 

Melanthia  Eubiginata. 

...  Galiata. 

Cidaria  Populata. 

A.naitis  Plagiata. 

Cymatophora  Duplaris. 

...  Fluctuosa. 

Bry.ophila  Perla.  This  I did  not  ex- 
pect, far  from  any  houses,  on  the  rocks  ; 
it  looked  strange  to  find  this  fellow 
there. 

Acronycta  Ligustri. 

Cerigo  Gytherea. 

Mamestra  Furva. 

Agrotis  Porphyrea. 

Noctua  Baja.  Quite  a blue  shade  from 
among  limestone. 

Herminia  Tarsipennalis. 

...  Grisealis. 

Ennychia  Cingulalis. 

...  Purpuralis. 

Rivula  Sericealis. 

Scoparia  Lineolalis. 

Crambus  Falsellus. 

...  Pinetellus. 

...  Margaritellus. 

...  Geuiculellus. 

Pempelia  Palumbella. 

Ehodophaea  Consociella. 

Phycis  Carbonariella. 

Dichelia  Grotiaua. 

CnephasiaPenziana.  A splendid  series 
of  this  species. 


140 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


Batodes  Angustioraiia. 

Olindia  Ulmaua. 

Avgyrolepia  Bauraanniaua. 

Macrochila  Marginalia. 

Pterophorus  Plagiodactylns. 

...  Osteodactylus. 

Nothing  came  to  sugar ; took  all  these 
on  wing  or  found  at  rest.— J.  B.  Hodg- 
KiNSON,  Penwortham  Mill. 

Scarcity  of  Insects.— The  Isle  ofWight, 
to  which  place  I have  lately  been,  appears 
(in  the  way  of  insect  life)  to  be  almost  as 
barren  as  the  New  Forest;  yet  I believe, 
had  I had  good  nights  for  sugaring,  I 
should  have  got  a few  Noctuae ; all  the 
time  I was  there  it  was  blowing  a regular 
gale;  as  it  was  I only  managed  to  box  a 
few  Agrotis  lunigeva.  Pterophorus  spilo- 
daclylus  is  rare  this  year;  although  I got 
larva  (one),  pupae  and  imago  at  one  and 
the  same  time,  they  were  “few  and  far 
between.”  I did  not  see  a single  speci- 
men of  Bolys  Jlavaiis.  Mr.  Rogers  told 
me  he  had  not  seen  any,  and-,  in  fact, 
reports  insects  as  very  scarce  at  Fresh- 
water. Neither  Promissa  nor  Sponsa  have 
appeared  in  the  New  Forest  as  yet.  I 
send  enclosed  some  larvre,  which  1 found 
a few  days  since;  they  were  mining  in 
the  leaves  (also  enclosed)  when  I found 
them,  but  have  since  cut  out  quite  a 
smart  case  for  themselves,  as  you  see. 
What  are  they  ? [Antispila  Treitschliiella 
in  leaves  of  dog-wood.]  T found  no  larvae 
of  A.  Bennetti,  nor  had  Mr.  Rogers, 
although  he  told  me  he  had  looked 
several  times.  — W.  Fareen,  Brocken- 
hurst.  New  Forest,  Hants ; July  28. 

COLEOPIERA. 

Claviger  foveolatus. — I took  one  speci- 
men of  this  insect  under  stones,  with 
F.  Flava,  on  the  Brighton  Downs,  last 
March. — D.  Sharp,  \4:,Newcastle  Street, 
S fraud,  IV. C.;  July  27. 


EXCHANGE. 

Ino  Stalices. — I have  a few  s])ecimens 
of  this  moth,  which  I should  be  glad  to 
exchange  for  larvae  or  imagos  of  the 
following : — 

Smerinthus  Ocellatus, 

...  Tiliae, 

Sphinx  Ligustri, 

Deilephila  Elpenor, 

or  any  other  Hawk,  except  N.  Populi.' 
Write  stating  quantity  required  for  each 
of  the  above,  aud  if  not  answered  within 
a week  offer  not  accepted. — J.  Nixon, 
West  End,  Wigton,  Cumberland. 

Arctia  Caja. — I shall  be  glad  to  send 
larvte  of  this  insect  to  any  person  who 
may  require  them,  on  receipt  of  a small 
box  and  return  postage. — Henkv  Bird, 
near  Woodside  Green,  Great  Halling- 
bury,  Essex  ; July  22. 

Exchange. — I have  a few  fine  speci- 
mens of  the  following  insects  : — 

Colias  Edusa, 

Vanessa  Cardui, 

Satyra  Janira, 

Lycaena  Corydon, 

...  Adonis, 

for  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive 
offers  for  exchange.  I have  also  a batch 
of  ova  of  Z..^sculi  to  exchange  for  ova, 
larvae,  pupae  or  imagos  of  P.  Machaom 
N.  Lucina,  or  any  of  the  Hawk  Moths. — 
George  Stedman,  Lindfield,  Sussex; 
July  27. 

Exchange. — I have  bred  specimens  of 
Xanthia  Citrago,  and  I wish  to  exchange 
them  for  the  following: — 

Agrotis  Ripae, 

Noctua  Ditrapezium, 

Aplecta  Occulta. 

I have  also  bred  specimens  of  the  under- 
mentioned,— 

Vanessa  Polychloros, 

Notodonta  Camelina, 

Taeuiocampa  Miinda, 

Eriogasler  Lanestris, 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


141 


for  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive  any 
of  the  following: — 

Anthrocera  T rifolii, 

Sesia  Bombjlil'oruiis, 

Notodonta  Dromedarius, 

Clostera  Curlula, 

CEnistis  Quadra, 

Cynaatophora  Or, 

Lasiocampa  Rubi, 

...  Trifolii, 

Clisiocainpa  Casirensis, 

Endroinis  Versicolor, 

Drepana  Uoguicula, 

Mamestra  Eurva. 

— Joseph  Wba.gg,  7,  Spring  Gardens, 
Doncaster ; July  27. 


IMPERIAL  MISFORTUNES. 

One  of  the  most  important  discoveries 
last  year  was  that  of  the  larva  of  Gra- 
cilaria  Imperialella  ; as  soon  as  it  was 
known  that  this  species  had  been  bred, 
and  from  what,  a profound  sensation 
was  experienced  in  the  Micro-Lepi- 
dopterological  bosom  from  one  end  of 
Europe  to  the  other.  Every  one  was 
intent  on  finding  the  larva  of  so  great  a 
rarity,  and  of  course  we  expected  to  be 
inundated  with  the  coral-red  larvae,  just 
as  in  May  every  post  brought  a supply 
of  Micropteryx  larvae.  Nor  were  we 
altogether  disappointed,  for  in  due  time 
a letter  was  received  from  one  who  had 
taken  the  insect. 

“July  17,  1861. 

“ I send  you  by  this  post  what  I hope 
is  the  larva  of  G,  Imperialella.  I found 
the  leaves  to-day,  in  the  very  place  where 
I took  the  imago  last  year.  I looked 
carefully  for  more  than  an  hour,  and 
only  found  what  I send,  which  I fell  in 


with  soon  after  I began  to  search,  all  in 
the  same  place,  and  close  to  the  locality 
of  the  imago,  as  above-named.  It  must 
be  very  local,  as  well  as  very  scarce,  if 
this  is  Imperialella,” 

Unfortunately  the  box  of  larvee  so 
temptingly  described  never  came  to  band, 
having  gone  astray,  we  suppose  in  the 
post  office.  So  there  was  Imperial  Mis- 
fortune No.  1. 

A week  later  a letter  was  received 
from  Professor  Frey,  in  which  the  fol- 
lowing passages  occur : — 

“I  made  an  excursion  on  the  18th  of 
July,  in  order  to  collect  and  observe  the 
larva  of  Gracilaria  Imperialella.  I had 
noticed  the  mine  on  Orobus  in  1857,  but 
as  it  does  not  occur  near  Zurich,  and  is 
extremely  local,  as  it  appears,  having 
but  little  leisure  time,  I was  not  suc- 
cessful in  again  meeting  with  it.  As 
Gracilaria  Imperialella  has  occurred 
several  times  in  England  I send  you 
some  notices  concerning  it  for  the  ‘ In- 
telligencer.’ The  time  for  "seeking  the 
larva  is  the  beginning  of  July,  not  the 
second  half  of  the  month.  [Very  con- 
solatory to  read  this  on  the  25th  of  July  ! 
Imperial  Misfortune  No.  2.]  On  the 
18th  of  July  I found  a multitude  of 
empty  mines,  and  only  after  a prolonged 
search  a few  which  were  still  inhabited 
by  law®.  In  some  there  was  still  a 
young  larva,  yellowish  green,  with  a 
brown  head.  In  the  remainder  the  larva 
had  already  assumed  its  coral -red  tint 
preparatory  to  changing  to  pupa.  The 
mine  is  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf, 
and  the  larva  loosens,  in  the  first  place, 
ahnost  the  whole  of  the  lower  cuticle  of 
the  Orobus  leaf.  It  begins  to  eat  the 
parenchyma  of  the  leaf  first  at  the  edges 
of  the  mine,  so  that  the  green  mine. 


142 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


when  still  but  little  curved,  appears  with 
the  margius  discoloured.  Afterwards  the 
mine  loses  its  green  lint,  and  becoming 
more  curved  is  much  more  readily  per- 
ceived. Old  mines  readily  fall  off.  The 
larva  is  very  lively,  and  changes  to  the 
pupa  state  in  an  opaque  paper-like 
cocoon.  The  only  locality  in  which  I 
have  yet  met  with  it  is  a small  wood,  in 
rather  a warm  situation ; it  does  not 
occur  in  open  places  which  are  fully  ex- 
posed to  the  sun ; it  seems  to  prefer  half- 
shaded  localities.  Cool  places  which 
are  very  shady  do  not  seem  to  suit  it 
either.” 

On  the  following  day  a letter  was 
received  from  Ratisbon,  in  which  the 
following  passage  occurs:  — 

“Up  to  the  present  time  we  have 
excui'sionized  in  search  of  Gracilaria 
Imperialella  on  foot,  in  carriages,  by 
steam-boat  and  by  railway,  but  always 
in  vain.”  Imperial  Misfortune  No.  3. 

It  now  seems  that  the  month  of  July 
is  fast  slipping  away  without  any  larvae 
of  Gracilaria  Imperialella  reaching  us. 


A SAWFLY  INJURIOUS  TO  WILLOW 
TREES. 

To  the  'Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer,' 

Sir, — A row  of  pollard  willow  trees  in 
Belsize  Avenue  are  being  entirely  de- 
vastated by  a larva,  apparently  very 
nearly  approaching  the  well  - known 
gooseberry  grub,  the  difference  being 
that  it  is  nearly  twice  as  large,  and  the 
ground  colour  at  both  extremities,  for 
about  one-eighth  of  an  inch,  changes 
from  green  to  a greenish  yellow;  head, 
as  in  the  other,  black.  Can  you  or  any 


of  your  readers  inform  me  to  what  species 
it  belongs,  and  if  there  is  any  practical 
method  of  stopping  its  ravages? 
Enclosing  card, 

I am. 

Yours,  &c,, 

L. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  KALTENBACH’s 

‘vegetable-feeding  insects.’* 

(Continued  from  p.  135.) 

Nephopteryx  angustella  on  Euonymm. 
Bruand  discovered  the  larva  of  this  spe- 
cies in  the  seeds  of  spindle-tree,  where  it 
is  to  be  found  full  grown  in  October. 
A.  Schmid,  of  Frankfort,  found  the  small 
larvEB  as  early  as  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember, at  Mombacher  Heide,  near  May- 
ence  ; according  to  him,  the  small  larv® 
spin  the  bunches  of  fruit  together  and 
feed  on  the  seeds.  They  pass  the  winter 
unchanged  in  the  earth  in  an  earthen 
cocoon. 

Holoscolia  Forficella  on  Festuca.  The 
larva  of  the  second  brood  winters  in  dry 
grassy  places,  in  loose  earth  or  under 
stones,  in  a white  cocoon,  in  which  it 
also  moults ; in  favourable  weather,  in 
April,  it  comes  out  at  night  and  feeds 
on  the  young  shoots  and  leaves  of  the 
sheep’s  fescue-grass  {Festuca  ovma) ; at 
the  end  of  May  it  changes  to  the  pupa 
state  in  a rather  firm  white  cocoon,  from 
which  the  imago  emerges  in  twelve  or 
fifteen  days  (Isis,  1848,  p.  338,  Tab.  V.). 


* ‘ Die  deutsehen  Phytophagen  aus 
der  Klasse  der  Inseckten,’  published 
in  the  ‘ Verhandlungen  des  Naturhis- 
torischen  Vereine  der  preussischen  Rhein- 
lande  und  VYestphalens.’ 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


143 


Coriscium  cuculipennellum  on  ash.  Ac- 
cording to  Hiibner,  Frey  and  my  own 
observations,  this  larra  feeds  in  conically 
rolled  leaves  of  the  privet.  I found  it  in 
similar  habitations  on  the  young  shoots 
of  sheltered  ashes  in  garden  hedges.  The 
larvee  only  gnaw  the  interior  of  the  cone, 
and  assume  the  pupa  state  therein.  The 
imago  appears  in  autumn. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer/ 

Sir, — I have  occasionally  read  with 
great  satisfaction,  in  past  numbers  of 
the  ‘ Intelligencer,’  your  well  deserved 
strictures  on  practices  which  — incon- 
sistent as  they  are  with  that  generous 
and  gentlemanly  spirit  in  which  all 
scientific  pursuits  should  be  carried  ou — 
are  nevertheless  adopted  by  some  who 
call  themselves  entomologists. 

In  penning  a few  remarks  in  the 
same  strain,  I must  be  distinctly  under- 
stood to  make  no  allusion  to  those  who 
openly  and  honestly  make  a business  of 
Natural  History;  with  such  we  deal 
on  recognised  principles  as  honourable 
tradesmen;  but  there  is  a genus  of  col- 
lectors which  I consider  especially  de- 
serving of  reprobation,  and  this  genus 
includes  those  who — professing  to  rank 
as  genuine  sportsmen — are,  in  reality, 
mere  pot-hunters.  These  gentry — while 
mean  enough  to  profit  on  all  occasions 
by  the  gratuitous  liberality  of  others — 
will  as  soon  part  with  one  of  their  teeth 
as  with  a moth,  unless  for  value  received ; 
and  when,  by  any  means,  they  have  ob- 
tained from  some  unsuspecting  indi- 
vidual the  precise  locality  of  a rarity, 
that  individual  may  take  his  leave  of  it 
thenceforth,  for  they  will  run  fit  to  burst 


themselves  to  forestall  him  in  its  capture, 
that  they  may  sell  it  to  some  one  else : 
and,  worst  of  all, — such  is  their  greedy 
anxiety  to  obtain  for  themselves,  and 
more  especially  to  prevent  others  from 
obtaining,  local  or  saleable  species, — 
they  will  hunt  a locality  so  incessantly, 
that  not  a single  imago  has  the  shadow 
of  a chance  to  elude  their  vigilance  and 
perpetuate  its  kind;  or  they  will  grub 
up  every  fragment  of  the  food-plant  of 
the  larvae  during  its  feeding  season,  lest 
a single  individual  should  escape  them, 
so  that,  either  way,  the  species  is  effectu- 
ally exterminated. 

Now,  Sir,  both  the  selfish  spirit  by 
which  these  collectors  are  actuated,  and 
the  system  of  extermination  in  which  it 
results,  are  alike  unpardonable,  and  the 
only  way  to  put  an  end  to  such  dis- 
graceful practices  is  unhesitatingly  to 
expose,  and  resolutely  to  refuse  all  cor- 
respondence with,  those  who  are  guilty 
of  them. 

I have  been  moved  to  write  these 
remarks  by  having  observed  an  amateur 
collector  of  this  town — whose  name  may 
be  found  in  the  ‘Intelligencer’  in  con- 
nection with  certain  lists  of  Lepidoplera 
advertised  for  sale — returning  day  after 
day  with  huge  bags  full  of  Silene  infiata, 
a plant  of  very  local  occurrence  in  this 
neighbourhood,  and,  as  I happen  to  know 
the  district  from  whence  it  has  been 
gathered,  I will  venture  to  say  neither 
Venosata,  Carpophaga  nor  Cucubali,  &c., 
will  be  seen  there  again  for  many  a 
day. 

I shall  probably,  with  your  permission, 
revert  to  this  subject  at  a future  day. 

Yours,  ■See., 

J.  Hawley. 

55,  Hall  Gate,  Doncaster ; 

July  22. 


144 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


For  Sale. 


T now  offer  for  sale  the  COLLECTION 
1 of  EUROPEAN  LEPIDOPTERA, 
which  formerly  belonged  to  Fischer  von 
Roslerstamm.  Price  ;£40. 

It  contains  440  species  of  Geometrina 
(2600  specimens)  and  1500  species  of 
Micro-Lepidoptera  (13,000  specimens); 
the  former  in  thirteen  glazed  drawers, 
24  by  16  inches  ; the  latter  in  twenty-six 
glazed  drawers,  18  by  13  inches. 

It  is  arranged  as  when  purchased  from 
Fischer  v.  Roslerstamm,  eighteen  years 
ago ; only  some  of  the  drawers  of  the 
Geometrina  required  to  be  rearranged.  A 
few  unique  specimens  have  been  taken  out 
of  it;  on  the  other  hand,  many  new  species 
of  recent  discovery  have  been  added.  The 
neatness  of  the  original  collection  was 
notorious,  but  as  it  is  now  more  than 
thirty  years  old,  all  the  specimens  are 
not  equally  fresh  and  in  good  condition, 
hence  the  price  is  fixed  so  low  that  it 
amounts  to  little  more  than  a halfpenny 
a specimen. 


Another  Collection  of  European  Lepi- 
doptera  is  so  arranged  that  each  specimen 
(rarely  two  together)  is  placed  iu  a neat 
box  of  suitable  size,  glazed  above  and 
below.  This  is  in  good  condition,  con- 
taining nearly  1500  species  of  Macro- 
Lepidoptera  (3300  specimens),  in  about 
3000  little  boxes.  Price  £45 — hence 
about  S^d.  per  box.  A considerable 
quantity  of  5licro-Lepidoptera  can  also 
be  had  at  similar  prices. 

These  Collections  will  only  be  sold  to 
those  who  have  seen  them  ; yet  specimen 
boxes  of  the  second  Collection  can  be 
sent  on  approval  to  those  who  desire 
them. 


Both  Collections  are  also  to  be  ex- 
changed for  Collections  of  Exotic  Lepi- 
doptera  of  corresponding  value;  yet 
Heterocera  would  be  mostly  preferred, 
and  the  common  American  and  East 
Indian  species  would  be  deemed  of  little 
value. 

Dr.  Hebrich-Sch.®:ffee. 

Ratisbon,  Bavaria; 

July  25,  1861. 


Fourth  Thousand. 

Complete  in  Two  Vols.,fcp.  8ro,  cloth, 
price  10s., 

\ MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
j±  TERFLIES  and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Staixtox. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

London:  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


Preparing  for  Publication, 

Past  I.  of 

RHOPALOCERA  AFRIC.S3 
AUSTRALIS  : 

A Popular  AVork  on  the  Butterflies  of 
Southern  Africa,  containing  full  de- 
scriptions of  all  the  known  Species, 
with  Notes  on  their  habits,  haunts, 
times  of  appearance,  geographical  distri- 
bution, &c. 

By  Roland  Trimen,  M.E.S.Lond, 

N.B.  Price  of  a single  copy  not  to 
exceed  5s.  6d. 

The  names  of  Subscribers  will  be 
received  by  S.  Stevens,  Esq.,  F.L.S., 
24,  Bloomsbury  Street,  W.C. 

Now  ready, 

THE  SIXTH  VOLUME 

OF 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  OF 
THE  TINEINA. 
containing 

DEPRESS  ARIA.  Part  I. 

With  8 coloured  Plates,  8vo,  cloth,  pp.  283. 
Price  12s.  Qd. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Nbwmak, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bisbops- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  August  3, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGJSTS 


AYEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  253.] 


GEACILABU. 

Feom  the  Flat-bodies  to  the  Gracilaria 
seems  almost,  by  antithesis,  a natural 
transition,  and  as  we  last  week  spoke 
of  the  DepressaricB,  so  now  would  we 
turn  the  attention  of  our  readers  to 
those  pert,  uppish-looking  creatures  of 
the  family  of  the  GracilariidcB. 

We  have  already  sketched  out  the 
programme  of  the  eighth  volume  of 
the  ‘Natural  History  of  the  Tineina’ 
(Vol.  VII.  being  now  in  the  printer’s 
hands),  and  we  contemplate  giving  the 
histories  of  fifteen  of  the  genus  Ghra- 
cilaria  and  nine  of  the  genus  Ornix, 
but  to  do  this  there  are  several  little 
points  on  which  our  information  at 
present  is  not  as  complete  as  we  re- 
quire. 

Respecting  Gracilaria  Hemidacly- 
lella,  which  was  received  last  year 
from  Professor  Frey, — the  larva  feeding 
in  cones  on  sycamore  {Acer  pseudo- 
plalarius), — he  observes  that  the  larvae 
of  both  G.  Rufipennella  and  G.  Hemi- 
daclylella  feed  in  cones  on  sycamore, 
and  that  he  is  unable  to  distinguish 
them;  and  that,  with  regard  to  the 


[Price  \d. 

specimens  bred  last  year,  he  is  still 
uncertain  to  which  species  they  should 
be  referred.  This  certainly  is  not  a 
very  satisfactory  state  of  affairs,  and 
we  should  like,  before  sending  the 
history  of  this  Gracilaria  to  press,  to 
be  quite  sure  to  which  species  the 
history  really  relates. 

With  regard  to  Gracilaria  Pavoniella, 
we  are  particularly  anxious  to  see 
young  feeding  larvae,  whether  in  the 
leaves  of  Margarita  Bellidiastrum  or 
Aster  amellus. 

Gracilaria  Imperialella  is  already 
tolerably  notorious,  and  we  believe  our 
hopes  of  obtaining  the  larva  of  it  must 
now  be  altogether  postponed  till  next 
year. 

In  the  genus  Ornix  we  do  not  yet 
feel  perfectly  intimate  with  O.  Petio- 
lella,  and  we  shall  look  anxiously*  for 
some  larvffi  ^of  that  species  at  the 
end  of  September  and  beginning  of 
October,  and  we  are  anxious  to  make 
a personal  acquaintance  with  the  larva 
of  Ornix  Fagivora  (the  Ornix  of  the 
beech):  we  shall  keep  a sharp  look 
out  for  it  in  all  our  peregrinations, 
but  in  case  any  of  our  readers  fall 
in  with  it  we  shall  be  glad  if  they 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  10,  1861. 


u 


146 


TFJE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


will  bear  in  mind  that  each  stone  helps 
to  build  the  tower. 


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All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 

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under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

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Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when, 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

T.  C., Taunton. — Your  insect  is  Mania 
Maura  (Manual,  vol.  i,  p.312)  ; it  is  very 
common. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCElC  147 


Lilywac. — I.  A.  The  Appendix  to  the 
‘Manual’  is  the  Synonymic  Lists  ad- 
vertised July  20th,  1861  (p.  128). 

II.  Brown  can  generally  be  distin- 
guished from  yellow  by  an  eye  at  all 
conversant  with  colour;  mahogany  is 
rarely  mistaken  for  cheese,  or  vice  versL 

III.  Laurel  leaves,  oxalic  acid  or 
chloroform. 


CAPTUEES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Sphinx  Atropos. — Last  night  a hoy 
brought  me  a fine  larva  of  this  species, 
found  in  a field,  feeding  on  potatoes. — 
E.  Boschee,  Bellevue  House,  Tivicken- 
ham  ; August  6. 

Xylophasia  Scolopacina. — I captured, 
on  the  17th  of  July,  no  less  that  107 
specimens  of  this  insect,  in  excellent 
condition;  this  is  a fortnight  earlier 
than  they  were  in  this  district  last 
year. — G.  Lumb,  Kirkyate,  Wakefield; 
July  30. 

Captures  at  Torquay. — On  the  2nd 
of  July  I captured  a specimen  of  Leu- 
cania  Putrescens  at  sugar.  I have 
worked  vei-y  hard,  but  have  not  taken 
any  more.  I have  also  taken  several 
fine  specimens  of  Agrotis  Lunigera  at 
sugar  in  the  early  part  of  July.  I find 
moths  of  all  orders  very  scarce  this 
year  — far  more  so  than  last  year. — 
R.  M.  Stewaex,  3,  Park  Place,  Torquay, 
Devon ; August  3. 

Neueoptera. 

Captures  of  Phryganidce. — I have  again 
taken  Agrypania  Pagetana  and  the  new 
Limnophilus  Borealis  (which  was  ex- 
hibited at  the  iiiceliug  of  the  Eiiloiiio- 


logical  Society  of  London  in  November 
last),  in  the  Norfolk  Fens. — W.  Wintee, 
Aldeby,  near  Beccles;  July  31. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Acronyeta  Alni.  — A larva  of  this 
scarce  moth  was  brought  me  on  Satur- 
day: it  was  found  reposing  under  a 
hedge  composed  principally  of  sloe 
bushes,  on  a leaf  of  the  common  dock> 
in  a district  remarkably  destitute  of 
trees,  and  consequently  in  about  as  un- 
likely a spot  for  the  species  to  be  met 
with  as  could  well  be  imagined,  the 
nearest  wood  — in  which,  by  the  bye, 
I took  a specimen  of  the  perfect  insect 
at  sugar  five  years  ago  (Int.  p.  109)  — 
being  about  two  miles  distant.  It  re- 
fused sloe  as  well  as  elm,  sycamore, 
sallow,  willow,  bramble  and  wild  rose, 
paid  no  attention  to  oak,  ash  or  hazel, 
but  ate  part  of  a leaf  of  hawthorn, 
which  it  left  to  feed  on  alder ; this,  how- 
ever, could  not  have  been  the  food  on 
which  it  had  been  subsisting,  as  the 
plant  does  not  occur  nearer  the  spot 
than  at  the  wood  alluded  to  above. — 
S.  Stone,  Brighthampton,  Witney,  Ox- 
fordshire ; August  6. 


EXCHANGE. 

Polyommatus  Avion. — I have  a few 
specimens  of  P.  Avion,  taken  by  myself 
this  year,  which  I shall  be  happy  to 
exchange  for — 

Erebia  Cassiope, 

Apatura  Iris, 

I’icris  Daplidicc, 


148 


T^E  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Argynnis  Lathouia, 

Vanessa  Antiopa. 

As  I have  but  a few  specimens  to  spare, 
gentlemen  will  please  to  write  first.  My 
specimens  are  in  fine  condition,  and  I 
expect  such  in  return.  — Rev.  G.  C. 
Green,  Modbury  Vicarage,  Ivy  bridge, 
Devon;  August  3. 

Xanthia  Gilvago. — There  is  a mistake 
in  my  notice  of  “ Exchange  ” in  last 
week’s  ‘Intelligencer’  (p.  140)  : Xanthia 
Cilrago  should  have  been  Xanthia  Gil- 
vago. I am  sorry  the  error  should  have 
occurred,  as  I am  afraid  gentlemen  will 
think  me  very  extortionate  in  my  re- 
quirements.— Joseph  Wragg,  7,  Spring 
Gardens,  Doncaster ; August  3. 

Exchange. — Having  a few  good  speci- 
mens I shall  be  glad  to  receive  ofiers 
from  any  gentleman  in  want  of — 

Acidalia  Marginepunctata, 

...  Emutaria, 

Abraxas  Ulmata, 

Crambus  Pinetellus, 

Polyommatus  JEgon, 

Coenonympha  Davus. 

Parties  not  hearing  from  me  in  six  days 
may  conclude  their  oflfers  are  not  ac- 
cepted. — Edwin  Miller,  28,  Back 
George's  Road,  Manchester  ; July  31. 

Exchange.  — Larvae  of  Notodonta 
Ziczac.  — E.  Tearle,  Gainsborough  ; 
August  2. 


ON  PHRYGANID.®  AND  THEIR 
PARASITES. 

BY  DR.  HAGEN. 

Science  has  to  thank  Mr.  Walker  for 
one  of  the  most  interesting  discoveries, 


in  the  observation  that  Hymenoptera 
{Agriolypus  armatus)  go  under  water  in 
order  to  deposit  their  eggs  in  the  larvae 
of  Phryganidas.  It  seems  very  extra- 
ordinary that  creatures  whieh  appear 
only  adapted  to  live  in  the  air  should 
be  capable  of  remaining  under  water  for 
some  time  in  order  to  execute  certain 
operations. 

It  had  been  already  previously  ob- 
served that  Phryganea grandis  goes  under 
water  in  order  to  lay  its  eggs,  and  sub- 
sequently this  observation  was  repeated 
amongst  the  Agrionidae,  in  Lestes,  for 
instance.  Here  the  male  is  so  polite  as 
to  accompany  the  female  under  water. 
The  process  of  respiration  is,  however, 
assisted  during  the  short  period  neces- 
sary by  the  layer  of  air  on  the  abdomen 
which  the  insect  takes  under  water  with 
it.  It  has  also  been  long  known  that 
some  Diptera  are  parasitic  in  the  larvae 
of  Phryganidae,  but  I am  not  aware  that 
the  species  are  known. 

Some  species  of  Phryganidae,  espe- 
cially Silo  pallipes  (which  is  not  scarce 
in  May  in  hedges  near  Lewisham)  are 
much  infested  with  the  parasitic  Agrio- 
lypus.  Von  Siebold  has  made  a very 
interesting  discovery  respecting  these  in- 
sects ; namely,  that  the  larva  of  a Phry- 
ganideous  insect,  which  is  infested  by  a 
parasite,  before  changing  to  a pupa,  spins 
a long  firm  thread  by  which  it  attaches 
its  case : we  can  only  consider  this  gift 
of  spinning  as  a morbid  craving — a spe- 
cies of  excitement  caused  by  the  parasites 
within.  According  to  Von  Siebold’s  ob- 
servations, the  cases  which  contain  para- 
sites are  always  fastened  by  a thread, 
whilst  all  others  are  without  a thread. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


149 


This  circumstance  much  facilitates  the 
detection  of  the  parasites.  If  one  takes 
out  of  the  water  a stone  on  which  there 
are  cases  of  Phvyganiclae,  those  fastened 
with  long  threads  readily  attract  atten- 
tion. No  doubt  more  than  one  species 
of  ichneumon  occurs  in  the  larvse  of 
Phryganidte.  For  instance,  Von  Siebold 
possesses  cases  and  larvae  of  Molanna  cy- 
lindrica  with  considerably  larger  threads, 
and  evidently  larger  parasites,  yet  the 
imago  is  still  unknown.  It  seems  highly 
probable  that  the  same  facts  will  occur 
in  England  as  in  Germany,  and  therefore 
it  would  be  interesting  to  direct  attention 
to  the  subject,  and  to  try  and  breed  these 
parasites. 

In  breeding  Phryganidae  some  care  is 
necessary  ; if  the  cases  are  brought  out 
I of  the  water  and  placed  in  a glass  they 
! almost  invariably  die;  but  the  following 
method  will  be  found  more  successful — 
take  a bag  of  some  transparent  substance, 
place  some  switches  in  it,  so  as  to  keep  it 
open,  then  put  the  Phrygauidae  cases  in, 
tie  it  up  at  the  top,  and  sink  it  in  the 
water,  so  that  a portion  of  the  bag  lies 
above  the  surface ; in  this  way,  with  very 
little  trouble  and  expense,  one  can  suc- 
ceed in  rearing  the  perfect  insects. 


ESSAI  MONOGRAPHIQXJE  SUE  LE 
GENRE  COLEOPHORA. 
Premiere  par  lie. 

The  above  is  the  title  of  a paper  by 
Monsieur  Bruand  D’llzelle,  published 
in  the  ‘ Auuales  de  la  Suciete  Entomo- 


logique  de  France,’  for  the  year  1859. 
Owing  to  some  delay  in  the  transmission 
of  the  ‘ Annales’  from  Paris  to  England, 
I had  not  seen  the  paper  till  I met  with 
it  at  the  end  of  last  May,  at  Stettin,  in 
the  library  of  the  Entomological  Society 
there;  I then  felt  that  I could  not  com- 
fortably exist  longer  without  it,  and,  in 
returning  home,  made  a detour  by  Paris, 
so  as  to  spend  one  day  there,  and  bad 
thus  an  opportunity  of  obtaining  all  the 
volumes  of  the  ‘ Annales  ’ that  were  due 
to  me. 

This  paper  contains  the  histories  or 
descriptions  of  nineteen  species  of  the 
genus  Coleophora,  viz. — 

1.  Coracipennella 

2.  Limosipennella 

3.  Albigriseella 

4.  Troglodytella 

6.  Semilinearieila 

6.  Liueariella 

7.  Griseireticulatella 

8.  Parmeliella 

9.  Balloticolella 

10.  Ballotella 

11.  Binderiella 

12.  Solitariella 

13.  Adelogrammella 

14.  Vulnerariella 

15.  Albitarsella 

16.  Conspicuella 

17.  Vibicella 

18.  Scorodouiella 

19.  Argentipennella. 

I will  go  through  these  species  seriatim, 
aud  vvill  endeavour  to  point  out  by  what 
other  names  any  of  them  are  known  to 
us  in  England. 


150 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


1.  Coracipennella.  The  question  that 
first  arises  is  this,  Is  Bruand’s  Coraci- 
pennella our  apple  and  hawthorn-feeding 
Nigricella,  or  our  elm  and  alder-feeding 
Coracipennella  ? Are  the  anterior  wings 
greyish  black  or  brown?  “The  case,” 
writes  Bruand,  “ is  found  on  nearly  all 
fruit  trees,  even  on  the  mulberry  tree, 
also  on  other  trees  and  shrubs.  The  in- 
sect is  entirely  of  a uniform  brown, 
varying  in  intensity  in  different  indi- 
viduals, but  never  as  dark  as  black.  The 
dorsal  portion  of  the  case  shows  a series 
of  notches.”  The  colour  of  the  insect, 
and  the  notched  edge  of  the  case  indicate 
our  Fuscedinella ; the  occurrence  on  fruit 
trees  would  rather  lead  to  the  idea  that 
Nigricella  was  intended.  Does  Fm- 
cedinella  ever  occur  on  fruit  trees,  un- 
less it  may  have  descended  to  them 
when  full  fed  from  elm  trees  growing 
above  them  ? 

2.  Limosipennella.  I am  utterly  at  sea 

in  my  endeavours  to  unravel  this  species. 
“ The  true  Limosipennella  is  very  like 
Coracipennella;  the  anterior  wings  are 
of  a uniform  dull  hrown,  with  the  costa 
and  the  base  paler.”  “ The  case  is  nearly 
of  the  same  colour  as  that  of  Coraci- 
pennella, and  the  form  is  almost  identical, 
only  the  upper  edge  is  not  notched.” 
This  would  not  suit  either  of  our  Limo- 
sipennella, or  our  Badiipennella.  Limosi- 
pennella has  the  case  much  larger  and 
more  notched  than  Fuscedinella  ; Badii- 
pennella has  the  case  smoother,  it  is  true, 
but  it  is  so  much  smaller,  it  would  hardly 
be  described  as  “ almost  Identical  in 
form.”  But  on  what  does  this  Limosi- 
pennella feed  ? “ This  larva  feeds  ha- 

bitually on  hawthorn,  often  in  company 


with  Limosipennella  ” [?  CoracipennelUi]- 
Now  neither  Limosipennella  nor  Badii- 
pennella have  yet  occiiiTed  on  hawthorn, 
though  I have  heard  of  a species  very 
closely  allied  to  Badiipennella  occurring 
on  sloe. 

3.  Alhigriseella.  Were  it  not  for  the 
case,  I should  be  disposed  to  think  this 
was  our  Annulatella ; unfortunately  we 
have  no  information  as  to  its  food.  “ I 
observed  this  insect  at  Besanqon  in 
1845  or  1846,  and  have  not  been  able  to 
meet  with  it  since.  I have  been  unable 
to  recognise  it  in  any  described  species.” 
“Size  of  Troglodytella ; anterior  wings 
ochreous-yellow,  with  the  nervures  paler, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  hrown 
or  blackish  atoms,  forming  streaks  in  the 
direction  of  nervures,  but  indistinct  (much 
less  distinct,  for  instance,  than  in  Tro- 
glodytella). The  base  of  the  wing  is  a 
little  darker;  the  costa  is  brown.  The 
antennse  are  of  a very  pale  ochreous- 
yellow,  or  yellowish  white,  annulated  so 
faintly  with  grey  that  one  needs  a lens  to 
distinguish  this  character.”  “ The  case 
is  of  the  same  form  as  that  of  Limosi- 
pennella; that  is,  it  is  not  notched  along 
the  back,  but  it  is  perhaps  a little  more 
swollen.  Its  colour  is  of  a dull  ochreous- 
yellow,  very  pale,  reminding  one  of  the 
perfect  insect.”  “ I found  the  larva  along 
with  that  of  Limosipennella,  fastened 
against  the  rocks;  but  I have  good 
reason  to  believe  that  it  feeds  likewise  on 
hawthorn.’  Can  it  he  our  yarrow-feeding 
Argeniula  P 

H.  T.  S. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


151 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer** 

Sir,  — Mr.  Hawley  has  indeed  done 
us  all  good  service,  by  exposing  those 
who  destroy  the  food-plant  of  an  insect 
to  prevent  other  people  obtaining  the 
species  (Intel,  p.  143).  In  this  way 
Botys  terrealis  was  all  but  exterminated 
by  an  amateur  dealer  at  Llanferros,  in 
North  Wales.  Since  amateur  dealing 
has  become  fashionable,  both  by  clerical 
and  lay  dealers,  it  is  next  to  impossible 
to  obtain  a species,  once  it  gets  in  their 
hands,  without  submitting  to  tbeir  terms 
of  exchange;  the  only  way  is  to  wait 
until  they  have  sold  them  to  the  regular 
dealers;  in  this  way  I obtained  my  set 
of  Cucullina,  Sec. 

But  there  is  another  system  of  exter- 
mination going  on,  equally  certain,  if 
not  quite  so  speedy,  which  is  vyell  illus- 
trated at  p.  7528  of  the  ‘ Zoologist,’  where 
Mr.  Birchall,  professing  to  give  us  the 
history  of  Nyssia  Zonaria,  tells  us  how 
very  circumscribed  are  its  known  lo- 
calities; yet  on  visiting  one  of  these 
localities  a few  days  after  my  notice  of 
its  appearance  in  the  ‘ Intelligencer,’ 
last  March,  I found  more  than  thirty 
children  collecting  Nyssia  Zonaria  for 
Mr.  Birchall,  at  one  penny  per  dozen 
for  males;  on  this,  so  termed,  “little 
hollow,”  the  pill-boxes  he  gave  them  to 
fill  being  already  full  to  overflowing, 
they  had  got  any  kind  of  vessel  they 
could  find  to  put  them  in,  one  young 
urchin  offering  to  sell  me  thirty-five 
dozen,  which  he  held  up  in  a pickle 
bottle,  if  I would  give  “ Th’  same  price 


as  th’  mon  e’  specteckells  tow’d  ’em  he’d 
give  for  o’  they  cud  fend.”  I told  him 
he  must  keep  them  for  his  employer. 

Here  there  is  a system  under  which 
the  most  prolific  species  must  become 
exterminated,  and  though  such  a system 
may  and  does  produce  great  boxes  of 
duplicates  to  sell  to  regular  dealers  (I 
call  it  “ sell,”  amateurs  call  it  “ ex- 
change ”),  still  it  is  so  at  variance  with 
mynotions  of  an  entomological  sports- 


man that  I think  the  system  cannot  be  too 
emphatically  denounced,  and  its  followers 
treated  as  poachers. 

Trusting  that  others  may  avoid  such 
a reprehensible  system,  when  they  see 
how  much  it  is  at  variance  with  that 
noble  spirit  the  naturalist  always  in- 
herits, and  feeling  quite  sure  the  regular 
genuine  dealer  who  understands  his  busi- 
ness will  never  kill  the  goose  that  lays 
him  so  many  golden  eggs, — having,  then, 
only  that  hybrid  “amateur  dealer”  to 
fear,  let  us  refuse  to  show  him  how  and 
where  to  take  local  species,  and  our  pets 
are  safe  to  us  for  many  a year  after  the 
amateur  dealer  has  ceased  to  be ; for  I 
never  knew  an  amateur  dealer  worth  a 
rush  at  finding  anything  out  for  him- 
self. 


Yours,  Sec., 

C.  S.  Gregson. 


Stanley,  Aug.  2. 


Price  3s., 

PRACTICAL  HINTS 
respecting  MOTHS  and  BUT- 
TERFLIES, with  Notices  of  their  Lo- 
calities ; forming  a Calendar  of  Entomo- 
logical Operations  throughout  the  Year 
in  pursuit  of  Lepidoptera.  By  Richaed 
Shield. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


152 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


To  Entomologists.  For  Sale. 


?OR  SALE.  — A CABINET, 
Veneered  Walnut,  containing  four- 
teen Drawers,  16  by  14  inches,  corted, 
papered,  framed  and  glazed,  enclosed 
by  glazed  door,  French  polished.  Price 
£4  I5s. 

Also  a quantity  of  large  STORE 
BOXES,  from  2s.  6d.  each.  Pocket 
Boxes  3d.,  5d.  and  9d.  each. 

At  R.  Davy’s,  83,  Newman  Street, 
Oxford  Street,  London,  W. 


Preparing  for  Publication, 

Paet  I.  or 

RHOPALOCERA  AFRIC.S; 
AUSTRALIS  : 

A Popular  Work  on  the  Butterflies  of 
Southern  Africa,  containing  full  de- 
scriptions of  all  the  known  Species, 
with  Notes  on  their  habits,  haunts, 
times  of  appearance,  geographical  distri- 
bution, &c. 

By  Roland  Trimen,  M.E.S.Lond. 

To  be  completed  in  Two  Parts. 

N.B.  Price  of  a single  copy  not  to 
exceed  5s.  6d. 

The  names  of  Subscribers  will  be 
received  by  S.  Stevens,  Esq.,  F.L.S., 
24,  Bloomsbury  Street,  W.C. 


Now  ready, 

THE  SIXTH  VOLUME 

OF 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  OF 
THE  TINEINA. 

CONTAINING 

DEPRESSARIA.  Part  I. 

With  8 coloured  Plates,  8vo,  cloth,  pp.  283. 
Price  12s.  6d. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


T now  oflfer  for  sale  the  COLLECTION 
1 of  EUROPEAN  LEPIDOPTER\, 

which  formerly  belonged  to  Fischer  von 
Roslerstarara.  Price  £40. 

It  contains  440  species  of  Geometrina 
(2600  specimens)  and  1500  species  of 
Micro-Lepidoptera  (13,000  specimens); 
the  former  in  thirteen  glazed  drawers, 
24  by  16  inches  ; the  latter  in  twenty-six 
glazed  drawers,  18  by  13  inches. 

It  is  arranged  as  when  purchased  from 
Fischer  v.  Roslerstamm,  eighteen  years 
ago ; only  some  of  the  drawers  of  the 
Geometrina  required  to  be  rearranged.  A 
few  unique  specimens  have  been  taken  out 
of  it ; on  the  other  hand,  many  new  species 
of  recent  discovery  have  been  added.  The 
neatness  of  the  original  collection  was 
notorious,  but  as  it  is  now  more  than 
thirty  years  old,  all  the  specimens  are 
not  equally  fresh  and  in  good  condition, 
hence  the  price  is  fixed  so  low  that  it 
amounts  to  little  more  than  a halfpenny 
a specimen. 


Another  Collection  of  European  Lepi- 
doptera  is  so  arranged  that  each  specimen 
(rarely  two  together)  is  placed  in  a neat 
box  of  suitable  size,  glazed  above  and 
below.  This  is  in  good  condition,  con- 
taining nearly  1500  species  of  Macro- 
Lepidoptera  (3300  specimens),  in  about 
3000  little  boxes.  Price  £45 — hence 
about  S^d.  per  box.  A considerable 
quantity  of  Micro-Lepidoptera  can  also 
be  had  at  similar  prices. 

These  Collections  will  only  be  sold  to 
those  who  have  seen  them  ; yet  specimen 
boxes  of  the  second  Collection  can  be 
sent  on  approval  to  those  who  desire 
them. 


Both  Collections  are  also  to  be  ex- 
changed for  Collections  of  Exotic  Lepi- 
doptera  of  corresponding  value;  yet 
Heterocera  would  be  mostly  preferred, 
and  the  common  American  and  East 
Indian  species  would  be  deemed  of  little 
value. 

Dr.  HERRICH-ScH.ffiFFER. 

Raiisbon,  Bavaria  ; 

July  25,  1861. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  August  10, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  954.]  SATUEDAY,  AUGUST  17,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


BIBLIOGEAPHY. 

The  bibliography  of  Entomology  is  so 
vast  a field  it  is  something  fearful. 
Descriptions  and  observations  are  scat- 
tered here  and  there  in  scientific  Trans- 
actions, and  in  periodicals  published  in 
capitals  and  in  provincial  towns;  in 
England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  France, 
Spain,  Germany,  Denmark,  Sweden, 
Eussia,  Italy;  nay,  not  only  in  Europe 
but  in  Asia,  in  Africa,  in  America,  and 
even  in  Australia. 

And  then,  when  all  is  explored  and 
all  collected,  what  a mass  of  rubbish! 
Descriptions  which  the  describers  would 
indeed  be  puzzled  to  decypher,  and 
observations  so  defective,  so  false,  that 
one  is  amazed  at  the  writer’s  inventive 
faculty  in  narrating  so  circumstantially 
things  that  he  never  could  have  seen. 
Truly  the  writer  who  looks  back  on  his 
own  publications  of  a few  years  ago 
feels  impelled  to  exclaim,  “ What  a 
fool  I was ! How  could  I be  so 
stupid?”  and  then  the  question  will 
arise  uneasily  in  the  mind  whether  he 
is  yet  free  from  folly  and  stupidity. 

If  the  descriptions  and  observations 


more  than  ten  years  old  could  be  anni- 
hilated the  matter  would  not  appear 
so  serious,  but  it  is  a fearful  considera- 
tion when,  in  the  decline  of  life,  we 
find  all  the  evil,  as  well  as  all  the 
good,  that  we  have  ever  done,  raked 
together  and  recorded  against  us.  We 
would  willingly  have  the  evil  omitted 
and  only  the  good  preserved;  but  your 
thorough-working  bibliographer  does  not 
so;  he  pursues  the  even  tenour  of  hisr 
way,  callous  to  all  human  feelings,  in/- 
tent  solely  on  chronicling  systematical'ly 
that  which  exists. 

We  have  been  led  into  these  re  ni  ■ arks 

by  the  presence  amongst  us,  at  (this 

period,  of  one  who  is  engaged  on  Whe 

4 

most  thorough  and  complete  work  on.^^ 
the  bibliography  of  Entomology  that 
has  ever  been  attempted — a work  which 
will  shortly  be  in  the  printer’s  hands, 
and  will  be  published  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible by  Engelmann,  of  Leipzig.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  such  a work  will 
prove  a great  boon  to  workers  in  Ento- 
mology, and  by  facilitating  references 
to  scattered  notices  in  periodicals  and 
in  the  various  Transactions  of  learned 
Societies,  will  be  of  inestimable  value. 
At  the  present  day  the  number  of 


X 


154 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


periodicals  devoted  to  scientific  records 
is  something  fearful,  and  we  fear  that 
it  is  an  increasing  evil.  But  we  must 
recur  to  the  subject  again  next  week. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row. 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsjield, 
Levnsham,near  London,  S. E . No  notice 
will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
Iduplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 


'Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
.^.^ibove  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

A hove  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

CJorrespondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
, close  stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


TO  CORBESPONDENTS. 

F.  H.,  Regensburg.  — VII.  gut 
erhalten.  Die  Umbellifer-Raupen  sind 
Chauliodus  Clmrophyllellus.  Die  Ornix- 
Raupen  auf  Sorhus  aucuparia  sollten 
Scoticella  seyn. 

A.  S.,  Frankfort-s.-M. — Die  Raupen 
auf  Thymus  sind  mir  unbekannt,  und 
daher  angenehm,  ob  sie  wirklich  zu 
Tineinen  gehoren  scheint  mir  etwas 
zweifelhalft. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidortera. 

Acherontia  Atropos. — The  other  day  a 
friend  gave  me  eight  larvae  of  this  in- 
sect, which  he  found  in  a potato  field, 
and  one  amongst  them  was  one  of  the 
singular  dark  variety  with  whitish  ante- 
rior segments. — R.  H.  Fremlin,  Water- 
inghury  ; August  9. 

Acronycta  Alni. — I had  the  good  for- 
tune to  meet  with  the  larva  of  this  highly- 
prized  insect,  on  the  4th  instant,  on  some 
palings  underneath  a lime  tree,  from 
which  it  had  evidently  been  blown,  the 
wind  at  the  time  being  rather  brisk.  Tbe 
larva  is,  I think,  full  grown,  refusing  to 
eat,  although  supplied  with  lime,  birch 
and  willow ; it  is  very  lively,  and  answers 
the  description  given  in  the  ‘ Manual,’ 
with  the  exception  of  the  second  segment 
having  six  clubbed  hairs,  instead  of  two, 
as  on  each  of  the  other  segments. — 
W.  H.  Bibbs,  St.  George's  Cottage, 
Ty thing,  Worcester;  August  6. 

Xylomyges  Conspicillaris. — It  may  per- 
haps be  interesting  to  some  of  your 
numerous  readers  to  hear  that  I bred 
two  very  fine  specimens  of  this  rarity  this 
present  season ; one  upon  the  27th  of 
March,  and  the  other  upon  the  10th 
of  April. — Abraham  Edwards,  The 
Ty  thing,  Worcester ; August  4. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Coleoptera  in  North  Wales. — Thinking 
that  my  notes  on  the  results  of  a few 
days’  beetle-hunting  in  North  Wales 
may  not  be  without  interest  to  some 
among  the  brothers  of  the  “ net  and 
digger,”  I forw'ard  this  slight  abstract  of 
ten  days’  work  between  Barmouth  and 
Snowdon ; not  because  it  contains  any 
new  facts,  but  because  the  faithful  record 
of  what  has  been  done  and  felt  in  the 
pursuit  of  knowledge  is  not  without  its 
value  as  a guide  to  enquirers  in  the  same 
field,  and  as  an  incentive  to  others  to 
bend  their  steps  in  the  same  direction. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


155 


On  the  23rd  of  June,  in  company  with 
a friend,  I reached  Barmouth,  and  forth- 
with commenced  operations  on  the  sand- 
hills. The  sun  shone  out  warmly,  and 
everything  promised  well  for  a campaign 
amongst  the  insects.  We  first  com- 
menced operations  by  digging  under  the 
heaps  of  rejectamenta  at  the  verge  of 
high-water  mark,  and  found  Phaleria 
cadaverina  buried  in  the  sand  in  great 
plenty.  On  the  sand-hills,  and  amongst 
the  spikes  of  Arundo  arenaria,  abundant 
material  for  the  collecting-bottles  pre- 
sented itself.  Otiorhynehus  atro-apterus 
was  plentiful,  and  not  less  so  was  Cne- 
orhinus  geminatus.  An  occasional  indi- 
vidual of  AEgialia  globosa  v/a.s  seen  indo- 
lently crawling  upon  the  sand  or  rolling 
helplessly  down  the  shifting  slope.  But 
the  sight  of  that  glorious  insect  Cicindela 
maritima  soon  occupied  all  our  attention. 
This,  though  not  scarce,  could  hardly  be 
deemed  abundant,  and,  from  its  activity, 
it  was  not  always  to  be  captured  when 
seen.  While  the  sun  was  out,  in  especial, 
it  was  scarcely  possible  to  pounce  upon 
it;  but  when  the  sun’s  rays  were  ob- 
scured the  tiger-beetles  appeared  to  lose 
some  portion  of  their  liveliness,  and  were 
taken  at  rest  upon  the  sand  with  tolerable 
facility.  On  the  same  ground  we  fell 
in  with  the  handsome  chaffer  Anomala 
Frisekii,  including  the  variety  with 
indigo-coloured  elytra.  Under  stones  I 
took  several  examples  of  Phylax  gihbus, 
in  company  with  Calatkus  mollis  and 
melanocephalus,  Harpalus  rubripes  and 
JBroscus  cephalotes. 

Thursday,  27th.  The  morning  was  de- 
voted to  the  bills  which  rise  precipitously 
behind  the  little  town  of  Barmouth,  but 
they  did  not  prove  so  productive  as  we 
had  expected;  a few  handsome  Elaters — 
Selatosomus  tcneus,  Clenicerus  cupreus 
and  Aihous  niger — being  the  only  note- 
worthy insects  which  came  in  our  way. 
In  the  afternoon  we  returned  again  to 
the  sand-hills,  and  on  the  grassy  slopes 


behind  them  we  obtained  several  in- 
teresting insects,  mostly  of  small  size,  by 
lying  on  the  grass  and  closely  examining 
the  roots  of  the  herbage.  In  this  way  we 
took  a large  series  of  that  curious  hetero- 
merous  beetle  Notoxus  monoeeros,  Micro- 
zoum  tibiale  (very  abundant),  Scymnus 
frontalis,  Fab.,  and  Apion  atomarium. 

Between  Barmouth  and  the  foot  of 
Snowdon  we  look  nothing  of  any  im- 
portance: the  weather  was  very  un- 
settled^ and  the  few  insects  we  met  with 
were  all  of  the  ordinary  types. 

We  made  two  ascents  of  Snowdon,  on 
July  the  1st  and  3rd.  The  latter  day 
alone  was,  however,  favourable  to  Ento- 
mology ; as  on  the  first  occasion,  we  were 
attended  by  fog,  wind  and  rain,  under 
which  aspect,  though  the  mountain  looked 
far  grander  than  when  seen  under  the 
effect  of  clear  sun-light,  yet  stone-turning 
was  of  little  avail,  and  nothing  of  interest 
was  taken,  except  Nebria  Gyllen  halii, 
Scho.,  which  absolutely  swarmed  on  the 
upper  slopes. 

On  July  the  3rd  the  day  was  every- 
thing that  could  have  been  desired, 
though  the  early  morning  was  unpromis- 
ing enough.  The  clouds  hung  low  upon 
the  mountains,  and  the  ominous  informa- 
tion that  “ the  glass  was  falling  ” boded 
ill  for  our  success.  Matters  improved, 
however,  as  the  morning  advanced,  and 
by  eleven  o’clock  it  became  evident  that 
a fine  day  was  in  store  for  us.  Our 
former  ascent  had  been  made  from 
Beddgelert.  Upon  this  occasion  we 
started  from  the  little  hostelry  of  Pen-y- 
gwryd,  and  ascended  by  Cwm  Dyli  and 
Llyn  Llydaw,  by  far  the  most  imposing 
approach  to  the  summit  of  Snowdon. 
Along  the  entire  line  of  route  we  occupied 
ourselves  incessantly  in  turning  stones, 
which  yielded  us,  “inter  alia,”  Steropus 
eelhiops,  Patrobus  excavatus,  Olisthopus 
rotundatus,  and  abundance  of  Nebria 
Gyllenhalii.  It  seems  that  we  were 
somewhat  too  early  for  the  sub-alpine 


156 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


species,  a month  later  being  considered 
the  height  of  the  season  for  them  ; never- 
theless we  were  not  wholly  unsuccessful 
in  that  respect,  having  been  fortunate  in 
taking  Miscodera  aratica ; but  our  search 
for  the  gem  of  Snowdon,  the  glorious 
Chrysomela  cerealis,  was  unsuccessful, 
though  we  were  directed  to  the  exact 
spot,  and  spent  a long  time  in  pulling 
up  the  wild  thyme,  at  the  roots  of  which 
it  is  found  in  due  season.  The  stones 
on  the  very  summit  proved  to  be  by  far 
the  most  prolific  hunting-ground,  and 
that  which  afforded  the  greatest  variety 
of  species.  Here  we  found  the  rare 
Oliorhynchus  inaurus,  Geodromicus globu- 
licoUis,  Man.,  Homalota  umhonata,  Er., 
Hypolithus  riparius,  and  associated  with 
these,  in  large  numbers,  was  Notiophilus 
paluslris,  so  abundant  at  lower  altitudes 
in  damp  situations.  Its  presence,  there- 
fore, upon  the  summit  of  Snowdon  was 
strange  and  unexpected,  and  not  less  so 
were  the  exceptional  shades  of  colouring 
into  which  the  insect  seems  to  delight  in 
“ -sporting  ” at  these  heights.  So  remark- 
able indeed  are  these  variations  that  I 
thought  at  first  it  must  be  a distinct  spe- 
cies, but  careful  examination  revealed 
only  the  well-known  features  of  N.  pa- 
lustris. 

I have  now  enumerated  all  the  most 
interesting  insects  which  presented  them- 
selves to  our  notice  during  the  period  of 
our  short  sojourn  in  North  Wales.  The 
list  is  not  a long  one,  but  is  sufficient  to 
indicate  to  dwellers  in  other  parts  the 
local  peculiarities  of  the  district  to  which 
it  relates. — W.  V.  Guise,  Elmore  Court; 
August  6. 

Hymenopteea. 

Capture  of  a Hornets’  Nest. — About  a 
week  ago  I had  the  pleasure  of  taking  a 
nest  of  Vespa  Crabro,  and  though  not 
successful  in  my  intention  of  planting  it 
in  my  garden,  still,  as  it  was  the  first  of 
which  I had  inspected  the  interior,  I was 
tolerably  satisfied.  This  insect  is  not  at 


all  uncommon  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Eye,  Suffolk,  but  this  was  the  second 
nest  only  that  I had  seen.  It  was  situated 
in  the  hollow  of  a tree,  about  seven  feet 
from  the  ground:  the  entrance  was  a 
small  hole,  not  big  enough  to  insert  the 
hand,  even  if  I had  been  ever  so  much 
inclined.  Satisfied,  from  repeated  watch- 
ings, that  the  number  of  inhabitants 
must  be  small,  I did  not  think  it  neces- 
sary to  make  the  preparations  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Stone,  viz.,  providing  a linen 
dress  for  each  operator,  but  trusted  to 
the  effects  of  chloroform  in  sending  the 
insects  into  a sound  sleep.  I found  that 
the  tree,  though  to  all  outward  appearanee 
sound,  had  a large  hollow  within,  to  the 
top  of  which  I judged  the  comb  would 
be  fixed.  I therefore  provided  myself 
with  a quantity  of  moist  clay,  a mallet 
and  chisel,  a bottle  of  chloroform,  and 
a sponge,  fixed  at  the  end  of  a stick,  to 
receive  the  same.  I commenced  ope- 
rating when  the  night  had  sufficiently 
advanced  to  insure  the  insects  being 
within  doors.  Having  clayed  up  the 
hole,  I inserted  the  sponge  of  chloroform, 
and  waited  sufficiently  long  to  insure  its 
taking  effect.  I then  removed  the  clay, 
and  commenced,  with  mallet  and  chisel, 
to  enlarge  the  hole.  But  I found  that  I 
had  reckoned  without  my  host  if  I calcu- 
lated upon  taking  the  nest  in  any  reason- 
able time,  for  the  wood,  being  green,  was 
very  tough,  and  being  much  thicker  than 
I had  expected  the  night  had  far  ad- 
vanced, and,  after  all  my  endeavours,  the 
hole  was  merely  large  enough  to  view 
the  comb  suspended  like  an  inverted  tea- 
cup, and  about  the  same  size  from  the 
top  of  the  hollow.  Being  obliged  to 
work  on  a ladder  my  task  was  the  more 
difficult.  I chiselled  away  manfully — 
tantalizing  sight!  I found  I must  leave 
my  work  for  the  morrow.  The  hornets 
seemed,  too,  to  show  signs  of  returning 
life,  and  two  paraded  the  comb,  looking, 
in  the  dim  light  of  my  lantern,  sufficiently 
brisk  to  make  the  removal  of  it  a dan- 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


157 


gerous  affair.  I was  therefore  compelled 
to  clay  up  the  hole.  In  the  morning 
I succeeded,  after  a fresh  dose  of  chloro- 
form, in  enlarging  the  hole  sufficiently, 
and  got  the  comb  out.  It  was  circular, 
composed  of  hexagonal  cells,  to  the  num- 
ber of  thirty,  with  their  mouths  down- 
wards, the  side  of  each  cell  measuring 
about  four  lines;  at  the  top  a stout  ap- 
pendage allowed  of  its  being  suspended. 
Over  these  cells,  and  reaching  about  an 
inch  below  them,  was  hung  a cup,  the 
top  of  which  was  attached  in  various 
places  to  the  tree:  this  cup  was  as  thin 
as  paper,  white,  with  several  darker  lines 
running  round  it.  The  centre  cells  con- 
tained larvae  in  an  advanced  stage  of 
growth,  the  intermediate  ones  younger 
larvte,  and  the  marginal  ones  eggs.  The 
eggs  were  white,  loiigish  oval,  about  one 
line  in  length,  and  attached  to  the  bottom 
of  the  cell  by  one  end.  Not  being  able 
to  induce  the  hornets  which  I caught,  to 
the  number  of  six,  to  remain  with  the 
comb,  it  is  now  in  my  cabinet. — Richaed 
Tyree,  Crouch  End,  Hornsey;  August, 
1861. 


OBSEKVATIONS. 

Observations  at  Tamivorth. — I observed 
Miana  Literosa  at  the  flowers  of  the 
snowberry  tree,  about  the  end  of  last 
mouth  or  beginning  of  the  present  one, 
and  I captured  two  specimens : hoping 
to  discover  the  larva,  I tried  to  get  its 
eggs,  but  it  was  of  no  avail.  Two  speci- 
mens of  Bornbus  Harrisellus  have  been 
taken  here  within  the  last  few  days,  by 
Mr.  M‘Laren,  a lepidopterist,  in  this 
town,  and  he  kindly  added  them  to  my 
collection.  B.  Subterraneus,  although 
common  in  many  southern  localities,  has 
not  occurred  here,  as  I'ar  as  I know ; and 
if  the  one  occurs  without  the  other,  does 
it  not  go  far  to  prove  that  each  is  a dis- 
tinct species?  Mr. Unwin  seems  to  have 


a similar  opinion. — F.  O.Euspini,  Tam- 
worth;  August  12.  PS.  I am  afraid 
that  in  my  last  communication  I wrote 
my  name  very  unintelligibly,  as  it  was 
misprinted  “ H.  Ruspini.” — F.  O.  R. 


EXCHANGE. 

Exchange. — I have  duplicates  of  the 
following . — 

Liparis  Monacha, 

Xylophasia  Scolopacina, 

Apamea  Connexa  (100), 

Noctua  Brunnea, 

Cosmia  Trapezina, 

Polia  Chi, 

Ajilecta  Herbida, 

...  Nebulosa, 

for  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive 
offers  of  fertilized  ova,  pupa  or  good 
images.  I have  also  a few  batches  of 
ova  of  L.  Dispar,  which  I shall  be  glad 
to  give  to  any  entomologist  wanting 
them. — B.  Gibson,  Almshouse  Lane, 
Wakefield  ; August  10. 


REMARKS  ON  THE  SUPPOSED  IN- 
FLUENCE OF  THE  FOOD  OF  THE 
LARViE  IN  CAUSING  VARIATIONS 
IN  LEPIDOPTERA. 

BY  R.  M'LACHLAN. 

[Read  at  the  Meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society, 
July  1,  1861.] 

The  natural  history  of  Coleophora  oliv. 
aceella  appears  to  have  some  bearing 
on  the  question  so  often  asked  at  our 
meetings,  “ Are  not  many  of  the  so-called 
species  of  Micro-Lepidoptera  merely  mo- 
difications of  one  or  more  previously 
described  species  produced  by  the  larvcB 
having  fed  on  different  plants?”  It  ap- 
pears to  me  that,  as  has  often  been  said 
before,  this  question  would  never  have 


158 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


f risen  but  for  the  almost  microscopic  di- 
mensions of  the  creatures  ; and  at  the 
same  time  I would  premise  that  I am 
decidedly  opposed  to  the  creation  of  spe- 
cies on  imaginary  differences,  and  that  it 
is  pos.sible  that  some  few,  now  considered 
distinct,  uiay,  when  their  habits  become 
more  known,  sink  to  the  rank  of  varieties ; 
but  that  food  has  any  more  than  the  very 
slightest  influence  in  causing  such  varia- 
tion is,  I think,  very  doubtful.  Cole- 
ophora  olivaceella  is  an  insect  which,  in 
the  perfect  state,  is  very  similar  to  C.  soli- 
tariella,  and,  moreover,  the  two  larvae  feed 
for  at  least  the  greater  portion  of  their 
existence  as  such  simultaneously  on  the 
same  plant  (Slellaria  Holostea)  ; but  the 
cases  of  the  larvae  and  their  mode  of 
feeding  are  so  very  different  that  all  who 
believe  in  species  at  all  must  consider 
them  distinct.  These  differences  are  not 
worth  pointing  out  here ; they  have 
already  been  elaborately  detailed  by  Mr. 
Stainton  in  the  ‘ Entomologist’s  Annual’ 
and  ‘ Intelligencer,’  and  by  M.  Fologne 
in  the  ‘ Transactions  de  la  Societe  Ento- 
mologique  Beige.’  Take  again  Nepticula 
ulmivora,  which  is  extremely  similar  to 
N.  marginecolella  and  both  larvae  mine  at 
the  same  time  in  elm  leaves,  sometimes 
sharing  the  same  leaf,  yet  the  larvae  differ 
in  colour,  and  mine  in  a distinct  method, 
and  each  larva  invariably  produces  an 
imago  having  small,  though  constant, 
distinctive  characters,  so  that  no  one  can 
believe  them  identical. 

Similar  instances,  might  be  multiplied 
among  the  Micro-Lepidoptera  almost  ad 
infinitum.  Yet  it  is  constantly  hinted 
that  two  insects,  which — iu  addition  to 
having  equal  peculiarities  with  those 
before  mentioned — feed  in  a different 
plant,  may  be  only  varieties  of  one  caused 
by  the  latter  circumstance.  Now,  on  the 
contrary,  does  it  not  seem  mure  natural 


to  suppose  that,  if  there  were  doubt  about 
the  matter,  this  should  rather  turn  the 
scales,  and  cause  us  at  once  to  consider 
them  distinct?  In  many  genera  in  which 
the  individual  species  vary  the  least  the 
larva  of  each  species  affects  many  different 
plants,  the  specimens  bred  differing  only 
slightly  in  size  and  depth  of  colour.  And, 
again,  as  far  as  my  small  experience  goes, 
the  species  of  other  genera  have  each 
their  own  food-plaut,  or  perhaps  frequent 
one  or  two  closely  allied  species.  That 
differences  so  great  as  even  to  be  called 
varieties  can  be  produced  by  change  of 
food  I must  believe  to  be  impossible.  All 
who  have  paid  any  attention  to  breeding 
Lepidoptera  will  readily  say  how  im- 
possible it  is  to  produce  varieties  at  will, 
and  how  an  occasional  specimen  will 
make  its  appearance  with  such  peculiari- 
ties of  form  and  markings  that,  had  it 
been  taken  at  large,  with  no  knowledge 
of  its  previous  history,  it  would  have  stood 
a fair  chance  of  remaining  undetermined 
or  described  as  new,  but  which  has  been 
bred  from  the  same  brood  of  eggs  kept 
under  preeisely  the  same  circumstances. 
And  certain  species  of  Peronea  are  fami- 
liar instances  of  the  imago  varying  to 
such  an  extent  that  scarcely  two  can  be 
found  precisely  alike,  while  the  larva;  feed 
on  the  same  plant  and  present  no  diffe- 
rences. On  the  other  hand,  in  certain 
genera, — for  instance,  Eupithecia, — in 
many  species  the  larvte,  though  reared 
from  the  same  brood  of  eggs  and  fed 
together  on  the  same  plant,  will  vary  as 
much  as  the  imago  of  Peronea,  yet  the 
perfect  insects  produced  from  these  are 
identical  in  appearance.  From  these  and 
a thousand  other  instances  that  might  be 
cited,  it  does  appear  to  me  that  variation 
caused  by  the  food  of  the  larva  does  not 
exist,  except  as  to  size  and  tone  of  colora- 
tion, and  that  any  diflerences  iu  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


159 


number,  position  and  direction  of  fasciae 
or  spots,  iu  which  consist  the  distinctive 
characters  of  most  of  the  Micro-Lepi- 
doptera  in  question,  can  be  caused  by 
this  means  is,  as  said  before,  open  to  the 
gravest  doubts.  That  such  variation  can 
be  caused  in  one  or  two  generations 
seems  to  be  quite  impossible  ; and,  sup- 
posing that  any  influence  can  be  exer- 
cised in  this  way,  it  could  only  be  in  the 
course  of  ages,  which  theory,  however  in- 
genious, and  perhaps  truthful,  it  may  bei 
is  unfortunately,  from  its  very  nature, 
incapable  of  proof. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer 

Sir, — In  yesterday’s  ‘Intelligencer’  I 
see  a letter  from  Mr.  C.  S.  Gregson,  con- 
taining insinuations  with  respect  to  Mr. 
Birchall,  which,  as  they  afiect  his  cha- 
racter for  generosity  and  fair  dealing, 
may  be  more  readily  answered  by  his 
friends  than  by  himself. 

The  first  part  hardly  deserves  notice ; 
if  Mr.  Birchall  likes  to  make  up  for  his 
own  want  of  lime  by  employing  children 
to  collect  for  him  I presume  no  person 
will  question  the  propriety  of  his  so 
doing. 

But  the  insinuation  is,  though  it  is 
not  openly  asserted,  that  he  would  “ sell  ” 
insects  thus  obtained  to  regular  dealers. 
Now  to  those  who  know  Mr.  Birchall  it 
is  unnecessary  to  say  anything.  Those 
who  do  not,  I may  remind  of  the  time 
when  Zygana  Minos  was  in  but  few  col- 
lections. Mr.  Birchall  went  to  Galway, 
explored  the  county,  found  the  insect, 
and  in  a short  time  nearly  every  collec- 
tion in  the  kingdom  contained  speci- 
mens. Indeed  his  extreme  liberality  in 
giving  specimens  to  all  who  asked  ex- 


posed him  to  imposition  from  greedy  col- 
lectors and  dealers. 

With  Zonaria  it  was  the  same.  As 
soon  as  he  got  a lot  he  sent  them  to  his 
friends  in  all  directions,  and  many  a 
cabinet  that  possesses  a fine  series  would 
be  badly  oflf  but  for  him. 

Whether  Mr.  Gregson,  by  his  own 
generosity,  has  earned  the  right  to  re- 
mark upon  others,  I cannot  say.  All 
I know  is  that  I never  heard  of  it.  Even 
if  such  were  the  case,  inuendoes  like 
the  one  in  question  cannot  be  allowed  to 
pass  unnoticed. 

With  regard  to  exchange,  or  “ selling,” 
as  Mr.  Gregson  calls  it,  he  appears  to  be 
strangely  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  such 
a thing  is  hardly  now  recognised  among 
gentlemen  entomologists.  As  far  as  my 
knowledge  extends,  the  rule  is  to  give 
away  duplicates,  without  regard  to  the 
return  that  might  be  made  — always 
reserving  the  right  to  refuse  specimens 
to  those  who  do  not  observe  the  same 
liberal  principle.  In  this  way  every  one 
does  the  best  be  can  for  his  friends. 

Yours  respectfully, 

Charles  G.  Bareett. 

30,  Parhgate  Street,  Dublin. 

August  II,  1861. 


Self-estimate  of  Pbogress. — It  is 
curious  and  it  is  instructive  to  remark 
how  heartily  men,  as  they  grow  towards 
middle  age,  despise  themselves  as  they 
were  a few  years  since.  It  is  a bitter 
thing  for  a man  to  confess  that  he  is  a 
fool ; but  it  costs  little  effort  to  declare 
that  he  was  a fool  a good  while  ago.  In- 
deed, a tacit  compliment  to  his  present 
self  is  involved  in  the  latter  confession  ; 
it  suggests  the  reflection  what  progress 
he  has  made,  and  how  vastly  he  has  im- 
proved since  then.  When  a man  informs 
us  that  he  was  a very  silly  fellow  in  the 
year  1851,  it  is  assumed  that  he  is  not  a 


160 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


very  silly  fellow  in  the  year  1861.  It  is 
as  when  the  merchant  with  ten  thousand 
a year,  sitting  at  his  sumptuous  table, 
and  sipping  his  ’41  claret,  tells  you  how, 
when  he  came  as  a raw  lad  from  the 
country,  he  used  often  to  have  to  go 
without  his  dinner.  He  knows  that  the 
plate,  the  wine,  the  massively  elegant 
apartment,  the  silent  servants,  so  alert 
yet  so  impassive,  will  appear  to  join  in 
chorus  with  the  obvious  suggestion,  “ You 
see  he  has  not  to  go  without  his  dinner 
now ! ” Did  you  ever,  when  twenty  years 
old,  look  back  at  the  diary  you  kept  when 
you  were  sixteen ; or  when  twenty-five, 
at  the  diary  you  kept  when  twenty ; or 
at  thirty,  at  the  diary  you  kept  when 
twenty-five?  Was  not  your  feeling  a 
singular  mixture  of  humiliation  and  self- 
complacency?  What  extravagant,  silly 
stuff  it  seemed  that  you  had  thus  written 
five  years  before ! What  veal ; and,  oh  ! 
what  a calf  he  must  have  been  who  wrote 
it!  It  is  a difficult  question,  to  which 
the  answer  cannot  be  elicited.  Who  is 
the  greatest  fool  in  this  world  ? But 
every  candid  and  sensible  man  of  middle 
age  knows  thoroughly  well  the  answer  to 
the  question.  Who  is  the  greatest  fool 
that  he  himself  ever  knew?  And  after 
all,  it  is  your  diary,  especially  if  you 
were  wont  to  introduce  into  it  poetical 
remarks  and  moral  reflections,  that  will 
mainly  help  you  to  the  humiliating  con- 
clusion.— A.  K.  H.  B.,  in  Fraser’s  Maga- 
zine for  August. 


Now  ready, 

THE  SIXTH  VOLUME 

OF 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  OF 
THE  TINEINA. 

containing 

DEPRESSARIA.  Paet  I. 

With  8 coloured  Plates,  8vo,  cloth,  pp.  283. 
Price  12s.  Qd. 

London;  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Noiv  ■publishing, 

ANATUR.\L  HISTORY 
OF  BRITISH  MOTHS,  with 
coloured  figures  of  every  Species.  In 
Monthly  Parts,  two  shillings  each,  con- 
taining, on  the  average,  figures  of  thirty 
species. 

Parts  9, 10, 11,12  and  13  are  now  ready. 
Parts  14  and  15  will  be  ready  in  a few 
days.  Part  15  contains  figures  of  fifty-one 
species,  including  the  whole  of  the  Genus 
Eupithecia,  with  the  two  newly-discovered 
British  species,  trisignata  and  tripunc- 
tata. 

London : Longman  & Co.,  Paternoster 
Row. 


BDWABD  NEWMAN’S  FOFTTI.AB 
SUMMER  BOOKS. 


1 . History  of  British  Ferns. 
Figures  and  Descriptions  of  every  Spe- 
cies. Eighteen  Shillings. 

2.  Insect  Hunters.  An  easy  Intro- 
duction to  Entomology.  Two  Shillings 
and  Sixpence. 

3.  A Natural  History  of  British 
Butterflies,  Figures  and  Descriptions 
of  every  Species.  Sevenpence. 

4.  Birdsnesting.  Description  of  Nest 
and  Egg  of  every  British  Bird.  Thirteen- 
pence. 

5.  Complete  List  of  British  Birds. 
English  and  Latin  names.  Fivepence. 

All  post  free. 

E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire  Street, 
Bishopsgate. 


SYNONYMIC  LIST  of  BRITISH 
LEPIDOPTERA,  for  interchange 
amongst  Collectors.  Part  II.  is  now 
ready.  Price  Is.  6d.  per  dozen  (post 
free). 

SYNONYMIC  LISTS  to  the  end  of 
the  Noctuae  may  still  be  had  on  applica- 
tion. Price  Is.  3d.  per  dozen,  or  4s.  6d. 
for  50  (post  free). 

H.  T.  Stainton. 
Mountsfield,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
frate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  August  17, 1861. 


•=•  THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  , 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCES. 

/ • 


No.  255.]  SATUEDAY,  AUGUST  24,  1861.  [Pbice  Id. 


• ‘ PERIODICALS. 

VYe  alluded  last  week  to  the  in- 
creasing eril  of  periodicals ; their  num- 
ber is  continually  increasing,  and  that 
alone  is  a great  evil;  but  a periodical, 
viewed  scientifically,  is  at  any  rate  an 
evil:  it  is  an  evil  because  it  is  a 

periodical. 

We  will  endeavour  to  explain : a 
periodical  is  a publication  which  ap- 
pears regularly  at  stated  .intervals  of 
time,  and  which  has  a regular  bulk,  or 
at  any  rale  a mean  average  number  of 
pages. 

Periodicals  may  be  annual,  half- 
yearly,  quarterly,  monthly,  weekly,  &c. 
Now  whether  a periodical  comes  out 
weekly  or  “only  once  a year”  it  must 
at  any  rate  be  filled.  If  it  need  not 
be  filled,  but  could  be  issued  half  full 
or  almost  empty,  one  great  evil  of  the 
periodicals  would  be  disposed  of. 

How  many  are  there  who  are  writing 
something  at  the  present  moment,  just 
to  fill  up  a few  pages  in  some  scientific 
journal  ? They  write  not  that  they 
have  anything  to  say,  but  because 
someihing  is  wanted  to  he  written.  The 


readers  of  the  journals  in  question  have 
then  these  pages  to  read,  in  order  to 
discover  for  what  purpose  they  were 
written,  and  if  they  find  them  dull  and 
meaningless  is  it  wonderful? 

Some  conscientious  people  consider  it 
their  duty  to  read  carefully  through  the 
whole  of  some  periodical  publications, 
thereby  devouring  much  chaff  with  their 
corn,  and  the  chaff  must  frequently  be 
taken  into  the  mouth  and  well  chewed 
before  the  discovery  is  made  that  it  is 
really  not  corn — a sad,  sad  waste  of  time 
and  mental  labour! 

Then  what  a nuisance  are  these  in- 
terminable periodicals  to  all  librarians 
— books  that  must  be  collected  and 
arranged,  which  cost  money,  take  up 
space,  and  yet  are  far  more  bother  than 
they  are  worth ; for,  granted  that  they 
contain  some  papers  of  interest,  they 
are  so  concealed  amongst  the  heaps  of 
rubbish  that  they  are  by  no  means 
easily  found.  A selection  only  of  the 
really  serviceable  matter  would  be  a 
boon;  but  then,  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, to  publish  such  a selection 
would  not  diminish  the  actual  evil,  and 
would  be  making  one  more  book  to 
catalogue. 


Y 


162 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Some  means  ought  to  be  devised  of 
decreasing  the  number  of  existing  pe- 
riodicals: there  are  too  many  of  them. 
Let  each  editor  suppress  his  own : well 
then  we  should  jump  at  once  from 
a superabundance  to  a scarcity;  but 
such  a consummation  is  not  likely  to 
be  too  easily  attained. 

However,  after  duly  considering  the 
subject  in  all  its  bearings,  we  have 
decided  not  to  continue  the  ‘ Ento- 
mologist’s Weekly  Intelligencer’  after 
the  close  of  the  present  volume. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 llevon- 
shire  Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  61  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row'. 


AU  communi cations  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  Statnton,  Mounlsjield, 
Lewisham  .near  f.ondon,S.E.  No  notice 
■will  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Mr.  Stainton  will  be  “at  home”  on 
Wednesday  next,  the  28th  instant,  at 
6 P.M.,  as  usual. 

Mr.  Stainton  will  not  be  “ at  home  ” 
the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  as  he 
will  be  at  Manchester  during  the  Meeting 
of  the  British  Association. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteea. 

Emmelesia  unifasciata. — On  a paling 
under  an  oak  tree  near  here  I have  lately 
had  the  good  fortune  to  take  two  fine 
specimens  of  this  pretty  species.  When 


silting  on  a fence  the  resemblance  they 
bear  to  small,  sharply  marked  examples 
of  Coremia  ferrngaria  is  very  striking, 
and  might  easily  deceive  beginners. 
This  is  also  remarked  by  Guenee. — 
R.  M'Lachlan,  Forest  Hill;  Aug.  19. 

Captures  in  the  New  Fore.st. — Since 
my  last  notice  several  species  of  Noctuae 
have  had  a glorious  supper  at  my  ex- 
pense, and  I have  fell  quite  flattered  to 
see  them  attend  in  such  goodly  numbers  ; 
but  I am  rather  afraid  I shall  get  a bad 
name  among  them,  should  any  of  them 
have  returned  to  tell  of  the  treacherous 
manner  in  which  I stole  round  and 
boxed,  chloroformed  and  pinned  their 
friends  in  the  midst  of  their  jovial  repast, 
One  Catocala  Spotisa,  three  C.  Promissa, 
about  a hundred  Ampkipyra  Pyramidea, 
one  Noctua  Rhomboidea,-a.  few  Triphcena 
Fimbria.,  and  some  others  of  less  note, 
have  got  bagged  through  their  love  of 
rum,  sugar  and  beer.  One  night  1 boxed 
about  a dozen  Hypenodes  cosiastrigalis 
at  sugar,  and  have  not  seen  one  since, 
nor  had  I seen  any  before  that  night ; 
and,  what  was  stranger  still,  no  other 
moths  accepted  my  invitation  to  sup  that 
night.  There  was  nothing  particular 
about  the  weather,  except  that  it  was 
slightly  colder  and  had  rained  all  day. 
May  be  Noctuse  don’t  associate  with  such 
low  brutes  as  Pyralidinte.  Triphcena  In- 
terjecta,  T.  .Tanthina,  T.  Orbona,  Noctua 
Baja,  N.  Umbrosa,  &c.,  appear  to  have 
joined  the  Temperance  Society ; they 
won’t  come  to  sugar,  but  hold  nightly 
meetings  on  the  flowers  of  ragwort  [Sene- 
cia  Jacobea),  at  which  I attend,  for  the 
purpose  of — well,  perhaps  I had  better 
not  say,  but  it  is  something  very  horrible. 
A few  hours’  beating  every  day  have  pro- 
duced three  C'leora  Glabraria,  Ephyra 
Poraria  and  Punctaria,  Pseudopterpna 
Cyiisaria  (on  heath),  Crambus  Pinetellus 
(was  this  named  pinetellus  because  we 
get  it  by  beating  oahsp),  Oxygrapha 
Lilerana,  Peronea  Schalleriana  and  Fa- 
villaceana,  Sarrolhripa  Revayana  (one), 


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Carpocapsa  Splendana,  &c.,  &c.  Wasps 
seem  determined  to  regain  the  ground 
they  lost  last  year;  I have  never  seen 
them  so  abundant  as  they  now  are. 
Hornets,  however,  are  not  more  than 
usually  common. — W.  Eakben,  Brocken- 
hurst,  New  Forest,  Hants;  August  12. 

Captures  near  Wotton-under-Edge. — 
Aug.  12.  To-day,  while  searching  hemp 
agrimony  {Eupatoria  cannabinum)  for 
P.  Orichalcea,  which  occurred  here  about 
this  date,  three  years  ago,  but  which  I 
have  never  found  since,  I took  four  speci- 
mens of  G.  C-album,  in  very  fine  condi- 
tion, the  only  butterfly  I have  seen  worth 
catching  this  year.  lo  and  Mgeria  were 
in  profusion,  and  there  were  a few  worn 
specimens  of  Hgperanthus.  Little  .Fnea 
was  also  very  bright.  I have  also  taken 
here  this  season  the  following  insects  for 
the  first  time: — Villica  (1),  Balis  (3), 
Derasa  (3),  A.  Ligustri  (1),  Nebulosa  (2), 
Pulchrina  (8),  Venosata  (1),  Rectangulata 
(4),  Viretata  (1),  Albicillata  (1),  Rham- 
nata  (1),  Pyraliata  (2),  Dotata  (8). 
Chrysitis  and  Iota  have  been  swarming 
at  sweet-williams,  the  former  appearing 
the  last  week  in  June,  the  latter,  joined 
by  Pulchrina,  the  first  week  in  July. 
I have  also  taken  Trilinearia,  Adustata, 
Procellata,  Tersata  and  Tarsipennalis 
sparingly.  I found  four  larvse  of  C.  Ver- 
basci  early  in  July,  which  went  down 
between  the  18th  and  23rd  of  the  same 
month. — C.  M.  P. 

Captures  near  Torquay. — As  Leucania 
Pulrescens  is  such  a rare  moth,  I thought 
that  you  might  like  to  know  that  I have 
caught  two  fine  specimens  of  it  over  the 
bramble  blossoms,  near  here,  in  the  middle 
of  July.  The  following  are  the  best  of 
the  moths  which  I have  caught  as 
well : — 

Leucophasia  Sinapis, 

Polyommatus  Alsus, 

Fumea  Nilidella, 

Agrotis  Puta, 

Diauthoecia  Con.spersa, 

Pericallia  Syiingaiia, 


Acidalia  Osseata, 

...  Incanata, 

Eupithecia  Pumilata, 

...  Subfulvata, 

Thera  Firmaria, 

Melanippe  Procellata, 

...  Rivata, 

...  Galiata, 

Aiiticlea  Rubidata, 

Cledeobia  Angustalis, 

S tenia  Punctalis, 

Botys  Asinalis, 

Xanthosetia  Hamana. 

My  brother  has  taken  Callistus  lunatus, 
which,  I believe,  has  never  before  been 
taken  in  Devonshire,  or  anywhere  away 
from  the  chalk  districts. — G.  Daewin, 
2,  Hesketh  Crescent,  Torquay ; Aug.  13. 

Captures  near  Teignmouth. — Last  week 
I had  the  good  fortune  to  capture 
A.  Australis,  at  light;  and  yesterday,  as 
Dr.  Jordan  and  myself  were  searching 
for  and  taking  A.  Incanata,  C.  Falsellus 
turned  up. — Rev.  Chaeles  Grinstead, 
Teignmouth  ; August  14. 

Teichoptera. 

Limnophilus  borealis. — I am  in  posses- 
sion of  a mutilated  example  of  this  insect, 
taken  by  Mr.  Scott,  near  Enniskillen. 
The  almost  simultaneous  discovery  of 
the  same  species  in  Norfolk  and  Ireland 
shows  that  some  attention  is  now  happily 
being  paid  to  these  hitherto-neglected 
insects,  but  it  also  shows  how  little  we 
yet  know  of  their  geographical  ranges. — 
R.  M'Lachlan,  Forest  Hill ; Aug.  9. 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

The  Larva  of  Pamphila  Actaon. — The 
larva  feeds,  in  June,  on  Calamagrostis 
epigejos,  chiefly  under  the  shade  of  fir 
trees;  it  makes  deep  notches  in  the 
edges  of  the  leaves,  which  help  to  betray 
its  proximity.  It  feeds  in  the  evening 
and  at  night,  resting  in  the  day  time 


164 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


extended  on  tbe  flat  surface  of  a leaf.  It 
is  of  the  form  usual  in  the  genus  Pam- 
phila,  and  it  has  also  the  two  snowy 
spots  beneath,  as  in  the  larvae  of  Lineola 
and  Sylvanus.  It  is  a pale  green,  with 
a darker  dorsal  line,  edged  with  a yel- 
lowish Hue  on  each  side,  and  enclosing  a 
paler  central  line.  Along  the  side  is  a 
narrow  yellow  line  above  and  a broad  one 
beneath ; the  two  yellow  lines  on  the 
back  are  prolonged  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  green  head,  and  run  to  the  end  of 
the  rounded  anal  shield,  which  is  nar- 
rowly edged  with  yellow.  Towards  the 
end  of  June  the  larva  spins  together  two 
leaves  with  a few  white  silk  threads,  and 
becomes  a slender,  agile  pupa,  the  pecu- 
liarities of  which,  however,  I had  no  op- 
portunity of  observing.  In  a fortnight 
two  males  made  their  appearance  at 
Vienna,  I having  taken  the  pupse  with 
me  on  my  journey. — Peofessoe  Zellee, 
Meseritz  ; August  8. 

Rhodophma  rubrotibiella , Mann.  — I 
have  been  quite  unsuccessful,  both  this 
season  and  last,  iu  meeting  with  this 
species,  though  I worked  the  locality  in 
which  it  was  common  in  1859,  night  after 
night.  Cannot  some  person  find  it  among 
his  supposed  series  of  Tumidella  P Mr. 
Edleston  informed  me,  some  time  since, 
that  he  had  taken  or  bred  it  from  the 
moors  near  Manchester,  but  I have  heard 
nothing  further  respecting  this  locality. 
An  old  specimen  is  in  Mr.  Shepherd’s 
collection,  which  he  obtained  from  the 
late  Mr.  Bentley,  and  I lately  detected 
another  in  the  British  Museum;  it 
formed  part  of  Stephens’s  series  of 
Tumidella.  Both  of  these  may  have 
been  taken  in  my  locality,  near  Forest 
Hill.  — R.  M‘ Lachlan,  Forest  Hill; 
Augtist  9. 

Ornix  Pfaffenzelleri  bred. — When  I 
wrote  ray  volume  on  the  ‘ Tineen  und 
Pterophoren  der  Schweiz,’  I only  knew  a 
single  male  specimen  of  the  above-named 
species,  and  did  not  possess  at  all  the 
northern  Ornix  interrupiella  of  Zetter- 


stedt.  Last  year,  through  the  bounty  of 
Dr.  Wocke  and  Dr.  Staudinger,  I re- 
ceived several  of  the  latter  species,  and 
lately  I have  had  the  pleasure  of  rearing 
O.  Pfaffenzelleri  from  the  larva,  and  a 
careful  comparison  of  it  with  O.  inler- 
ruplella  leaves  no  doubt  of  their  specific 
distinctness.  The  former,  which  is,  at  all 
events,  nearly  allied  to  the  Lapland  spe- 
cies, and  similarly  marked  on  the  anterior 
wings,  is  rather  smaller,  more  slender, 
with  narrower  wings  and  more  brilliant 
silvery  spots  on  the  black-brown  anterior 
wings,  which  do  not  show  in  the  hinder- 
marginal  cilia  the  broad  white  dash  of 
0.  interrupiella.  Besides  this  the  two 
species  difier  in  the  colour  of  the  tuft  on 
the  head.  On  the  rocky  cliff’s  of  the 
Engadine  there  grows  a small  thornless 
shrub,  from  three  to  five  feet  high,  with 
small,  oval,  somewhat  thick  leaves,  and 
small  red  berries,  Cotoneaster  vulgaris, 
Lindl.  This  is  the  food-plant  of  Ornix 
Pfaffenzelleri,  which  first  mines  a leaf, 
and  then  rolls  up  another  leaf  so  as  to 
form  a habitation  similar  to  that  con- 
structed by  O.  Torquillella  or  O.  guUea, 
in  which  it  passes  the  remainder  of  its 
larval  existence;  afterwards  it  spins  a 
brown  cocoon,  like  O.  guttea.  The  larva 
occurs  at  the  beginning  and  middle  of 
J uly,  and  I bred  the  perfect  insect  early 
in  August.  In  reference  to  O.  guttea, 
the  near  connection  between  the  apple 
tree  and  the  Cotoneaster  is  interesting. 
The  natural  history  of  O.  interruptella 
will  probably  soon  be  published  by  Dr. 
Wocke  in  the  ‘ EntomologischeZeitung.’ 
— PiioEESsoE  Feey,  ZuricA ; Aug.  13. 

Ornix  Scutulatella  bred. — Towards  the 
end  of  June,  and  in  the  beginning  of 
July,  I found  several  Ornix  mines  on 
Betula  torfacea,  in  swampy  places.  A 
few  weeks  afterwards  I had  the  good 
fortune  to  breed  a flne  specimen  of 
Ornix  Scutulatella.  Dr.  Wocke  has  also 
bred  it  from  birch  leaves  at  Breslau. — 
Ibid. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


165 


EXCHANGE. 

Exchange. — I have  a few  fine  speci- 
mens of  the  following  insects: — 

Arge  Galathea, 

Satyrus  Semele, 

Polyomniatus  Corydon, 
for  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive — 
Erebia  Blaudiiia, 

Satyvus  Davus, 

Melitoea  Artemis, 

Theda  Quercus. 

— H.  Goss,  17,  Alfred  Place,  Brampton, 
London. 

Exchange. — I have  good  specimens  of 
the  following; — 

Erebia  Blandina, 

Leucophasia  Sinapis, 

Lyeoena  Corydon, 

...  Alsus, 

Nemeobius  Lucina, 

Chjerocampa  Porcellus, 
to  exchange  for  the  under-mentioned — 
Pieris  Cratsegi, 

...  Daplidice, 

Colias  Edusa, 

...  Hyale, 

Melilaea  Artemis, 

...  Cinxia, 

...  Athalia, 

Vanessa  C-albutn, 

...  Polychloros, 

...  Cardui, 

Erebia  Cassiope, 

Arge  Galathea, 

Limenitis  Sibylla, 

Apatura  Iris, 

Lycaena  Adonis, 

Theda  Rubi, 

Hesperia  Paniscus, 

...  Acteeon. 

My  specimens  are  fresh  and  in  good  con- 
dition, and  I require  such.  Offers  will 
be  replied  to  in  a week  if  accepted. — 
James  Mueton,  Silverdale,  near  Lan. 
caster ; August  15. 

Exchange. — I have  some  duplicates  of 
Epione  Vesper  tar  ia,iox  which  I shall  be 

\ 


glad  to  receive  offers  of  good  imagos  or 
larvae. — J.  E.  Chalonee,  P/Miniree  Hall, 
near  BawLree,  Notts. 

Exchange. — Having  duplicates  of  up- 
wards of  eighty  sorts  of  birds’  eggs,  of 
my  own  collecting,  I shall  be  glad  to 
exchange  them  for — 

Pieris  Daplidice, 

Colias  Edusa, 

...  Hyale, 

Erebia  Blandina, 

...  Cassiope, 

Limenitis  Sibylla, 

Grapta  C-album, 

Argynnis  Latbonia, 

Nemeobius  Lucina, 

Theda  Pruni, 

...  W-album, 

Polyommatus  Ads, 

...  Arion, 

...  Artaxerxes, 

Pamphila  Comma, 

Chcerocampa  Elpenor, 

Sphinx  Pinastri, 

...  Convolvuli, 

Smerintbus  Tiliae. 

As  I have  only  a few  of  some,  gentlemen 
will  please  write  first,  stating  what  they 
are  in  want  of  and  what  they  have  to 
oflfer  in  return.  Parties  not  hearing  from 
me  within  ten  days  may  conclude  I 
cannot  supply  them  at  present. — Samuel 
Gibson,  Dog  Bottom,  Hebden  Bridge, 
Yorkshire;  Aug.  19. 


AN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  TRIP  TO 
OXFORD. 

BY  DR.  HAGEN. 

Occupied  for  several  years  past  on  a 
bibliography  of  Entomology,  I felt  the 
imperative  necessity,  before  concluding 
my  labours,  of  exploring  personally  the 
rich  libraries  of  England.  He  who  has 
not  been  himself  engaged  in  a similar 
work  would  hardly  believe  how  very 


166 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEE. 


necessary  it  is  to  examine  personally  the 
books  cited.  The  erroneous  idea  that 
such  works  can  be  produced  by  a careful 
compilation  has  hitherto  prevented  the 
appearance  of  a serviceable  bibliography. 
For  example,  as  a laughable  instance  of 
the  mistakes  which  may  be  made  by  a 
compilation,  without  personal  reference, 

I may  mention  the  following ; — 

Percheron  * found  in  a book  catalogue 
the  following  title  of  a work,  “ Corre- 
spondence Entomologique,  par  J.  K. 
Broch.”  From  this  he  constructs  an 
author  of  the  name  of  Broch,  with  J.  K. 
as  the  initials  of  his  Christian  name.  In 
Agassiz’s  ‘ Bibliographia  ’ we  find  Per- 
cheron’s  notice  copied  correctly,  and  thus 
it  wanders  through  the  world  from  one 
work  to  another.  The  absurdity  is  that 
the  author  Broch  never  existed ; the 
‘ Correspondence  Entomologique  ’ is  by 
J.  K.  (J.  Koechlin),  and  the  “Broch” 
after  the  name  signifies  merely  that  the 
copy  was  not  bound,  but  only  stitched 
(“  brochirt  ”).  It  need  not  be  imagined 
that  this  instance  has  been  carefully 
sought  out;  it  occurred  to  me  quite  acci- 
dentally, and  he  who  has  a knowledge  of 
the  subject  can,  without  much  trouble, 
find  in  Agassiz  a multitude  of  similar 
errors. 

In  order  to  exterminate  all  fictitious 
books  and  writers  of  this  sort,  and  to  ob- 
tain a certain  foundation,  I deemed  it 
necessary,  as  far  as  is  in  any  w'ay  pos- 
sible, to  examine  for  myself,  and  to 
indicate  in  my  work  by  an  asterisk  (*) 
all  those  references  which  I have  myself 
compared.  In  all  the  instances  where  I 
have  been  unable  to  make  a personal 
reference  I have  in  each  case  indicated 
the  source  whence  my  information  was 


* Or  perhaps  this  was  found  by  some 
author  from  whom  Percheron  compiled. 


derived,  in  all  older  works  preferring  to 
quote  that  excellent  model  of  such  a work, 
viz.  Dryander’s  ‘ Catalogue  of  Banks’ 
Libraiy.’ 

The  European  renown  of  the  ento- 
mological libraries  of  Westwood  and 
Hope  made  it  especially  desirable  to 
examine  them  thoroughly,  and  I con- 
sidered it  a special  recognition  and  ap- 
proval of  the  projected  plan  of  my  under- 
taking that  Professor  Westwood,  with 
inexhaustible  patience,  devoted  a whole 
week  of  his  time,  so  precious  for  Science, 
in  order  to  facilitate  my  ransacking  these 
libraries  in  so  coinparatively  short  a 
time. 

I should  be  carrying  owls  to  Athens 
(coals  to  Newcastle)  were  I to  commend 
in  England  the  beauty  and  peculiarity 
of  Oxford.  The  mighty  influence  of 
this  ancient  University  on  Science  is 
known  throughout  the  world  ; wherever 
the  eye  glances  it  takes  in  intellectual 
food,  whilst  the  enthralled  gazer  seems 
to  breathe  Science!  On  the  summit  of 
the  Radcliflfe  Library  one  seems  carried, 
in  the  spirit,  into  a new  world.  The 
colossal  repose  of  the  magnificent  old 
buildings,  which  are  so  regularly  adapted 
to  each  other,  all  intended  solely  for  the 
cultivation  and  progress  of  Science,  forms 
a coup  d’oeil  which  is  only  to  be  compared 
with  Memphis,  the  most  ancient  temple 
of  Science ! Hence,  according  to  my 
views,  the  architect  of  the  new  Museum 
acted  quite  correctly  in  proposing  the 
plan  of  a building  totally  different  from 
the  ordinary  style  of  museums.  At  Ox- 
ford, of  all  places,  a barrack-like  gallery, 
window  after  window,  like  most  of  the 
museums  of  the  present  day,  would  have 
been  thoroughly  discordant.  It  redounds 
to  the  honour  of  the  architect  that  he 
has  created  a work  so  peculiar  ~so 
magical,  I might  say, — worthy  ' N 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEIL 


167 


I Isis  whose  veil  could  never  be  raised  with 
I impunity ! 

I The  now  united  libraries  of  Westwood 
' and  Hope  form  at  the  present  day  uu- 
j doubtedly  the  richest  library  specially 
devoted  to  Entomology,  since  it,  without 
j any  speciality,  includes  equally  all  orders. 
Its  richness  in  separate  publications  of 
English,  French  and  extra-European 
works  is  especially  striking. 

1 The  library,  however,  is  especially  rich 
j in  magnificent  works  and  rare  editions, 
f and  possesses  one  entomological  jewel, — 
namely,  the  original  plates  for  the  first 
illustrated  entomological  work  which  ap- 
peared (in  1692),  the  ‘ Archetypa  Insect- 
! orum  ’ of  Hoefnagel.  The  work  was 

I 

formerly  in  the  possession  of  D’Israeli, 
and  it  would  be  interesting  if  its  history 
could  be  ascertained. 

The  result  of  my  stay  at  Oxford,  for 
my  bibliographical  purposes,  was  very 
considerable,  but  I must  admit  that  the 
abundance  of  materials  I found  there  far 
exceeded  my  working  power. 

With  regard  to  the  entomological  col- 
lections at  Oxford,  I have  only  looked 
through  the  Neuroptera  somewhat  care- 
fully. They  contain  an  extraordinary 
number  of  species  new  to  me,  and  are 
especially  rich  in  Odonata.  The  collec- 
tion possesses  all  the  types  which  Ram- 
bur  described  out  of  Marchal’s  collec- 
tion. 

I take  this  opportunity  of  observing 
that  the  types  of  a collection  which,  at 
the  end  of  the  last  century,  was  one  of 
the  most  celebrated  on  the  Continent  (that 
of  Leske),  according  to  a notice  in  Oken’s 
‘Isis,’  1821  (liter.  Anzeige,  p.  339),  must 
occur  in  the  museum  of  the  Dublin  So- 
ciety. The  Museum  Leskeanum  is  de- 
scribed by  Zschach  in  a special  work,  and 
contains  not  a few  new  species  (named  by 
Gmelin  in  the  thirteenth  edition  of  the 


‘Systema  Naturae’).  It  would  be  inte- 
resting to  learn  what  yet  remains  of  this 
collection. 

The  collection  in  the  Oxford  Museum 
naturally  contains  all  Westwood’s  types, 
at  least  so  far  as  they  were  described 
from  species  in  his  own  collection. 

I was  especially  interested  in  some 
specimens  of  insects  in  amber  from 
Catania.  A thorough  investigation  of 
the  Fauna  of  the  Sicilian  amber  is  im- 
peratively required  by  Science,  in  order, 
by  a comparison  of  it  with  the  Fauna  of 
the  amber  of  Eastern  Prussia,  to  form  a 
conclusion  as  to  the  identity  or  difference 
of  these  amber  formations.  The  Fauna 
of  the  amber  of  East  Prussia  is  now 
tolerably  well  known  for  Orthoptera, 
Neuroptera,  Hemiptera  and  Diptera. 

For  that  of  the  Sicilian  amber  we 
possess  at  the  present  day  only  the 
figures  of  Maravigna,  in  Guerin’s 
‘ Revue  Zoologiqne,’  1838,  which  repre- 
sent beetles,  several  ants,  and  Diptera, 
but  furnish  no  sufficient  ground  for  a 
comparison.  I was  therefore  extremely 
delighted  to  find  in  Hope’s  collection 
three  specimens  of  amber  with  Termites, 
namely,  two  specimens  with  the  winged 
imago,  and  one  with  workers.  One  is  a 
large  species,  referable  to  the  genus  Ter- 
mes,  Hagen,  which  is  decidedly  new  and 
quite  distinct  from  the  five  species  found 
in  the  amber  of  East  Prussia.  The  second, 
a smaller  species,  is  not  distinctly  visible, 
and,  in  order  to  its  thorough  investiga- 
tion, the  specimen  must  be  judiciously 
cut  afresh : this  is  the  more  necessary, 
as  it  is  of  extreme  scientific  interest  to 
establish  firmly  the  distinctness  of  this 
species  from  the  Termes  antiquus  of 
Germar,  so  abundant  in  the  amber  of 
East  Prussia.  The  third  specimen,  con- 
taining workers,  is  extremely  interesting. 
Out  of  the  150  amber  Termites  which 


16S 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


have  passed  ihrouf^h  my  hands,  only  one 
was  a worker,  which  is  described  in 
Berendt’s  work.  I was  therefore  ex- 
ceedingly delighted,  when,  in  the  first 
specimen  of  Sicilian  amber,  I found 
workers  of  Termites,  and  several  close 
together,  as  is  usually  the  case  with  those 
found  in  anime.  The  specimen  is  besides 
decidedly  Catanian  amber,  Jike  all  the 
other  specimens  in  Hope’s  collection,  with 
the  exception  of  one  only,  which  is  evi- 
dently East  Prussian  amber.  The  colour 
of  the  Sicilian  amber  is  so  peculiar,  more 
- varied  and  more  fiery  than  the  East 
Prussian  amber,  that  nobody  who  has 
seen  much  amher  can  easily  he  mistaken. 
A confusion  with  anime  is  rarely  possible, 
and  then  certainty  can  always  be  attained 
by  burning  a small  fragment,  when  the 
peculiar  odour  of  amber  would  be  per- 
ceptible. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer 

Sir, — I am  sorry  it  has  fallen  to  my 
lot  to  be  able  to  second  Messrs.  Hawley 
and  Gregson  in  their  endeavour  to  put 
down  the  wholesale  system  that  is  now 
practised,  which  must,  in  the  end,  exter- 
minate many  valuable  species  of  insects. 
Some  few  years  back  I discovered  the 
habitat  of  Myeloh  vinguis,  and  made 
my  friends  acq/®'®  ■'ith  the  locality, 

which  locality  r “Jed  several  times 
this  season,  r that  the  trees 

have  been  sd%ut  and  hacked  in  pursuit 
of  the  larva  and  pupa  that  the  breed  has 
been  entirely  destroyed.  Last  year  I left 
numbers  in  the  imago  state  that  they 
might  breed  and  supply  others,  as  well 
as  myself,  but  this  year  I hava  only 
captured  one. 

Another  insect  which  was  unique 


in  my  cabinet  for  many  years  (it 
was  figured  in  Curtis’s  work)  has 
been  taken,  by  a gentleman,  in  some 
abundanee,  buf  it  is  not  to  be  obtained 
from  him  by  the  usual  gentlemanly  prac- 
tice of  exchange,  hut  by  purchase  at  ten 
shillings  a specimen. 

Let  dealers  get  as  much  as  they  pos- 
sibly can,  but  I think  it  infra  dig  for 
gentlemen  to  follow  their  example. 

Sir, 

I remain  faithfully. 

No  Pothunter. 


Preparing  for  Publication, 

Part  I.  or 

RHOPALOCERA  AFRIC.E 
AUSTRALIS  : 

A Popular  Work  on  the  Butterflies  of 
Southern  Africa,  containing  full  de- 
scriptions of  all  the  known . Species, 
with  Notes  on  their  habits,  haunts, 
times  of  appearance,  geographical  distri- 
bution, &c. 

By  Roland  Trimen,  M.E.S.Lond. 

To  be  completed  in  Tvjo  Parts. 

N.B.  Price  of  a single  copy  not  to 
exceed  6s.  6d. 

The  names  of  Subscribers  will  be 
received  by  S.  Stevens,  Esq.,  F.L.S., 
24,  Bloomsbury  Street,  W.C. 


Fourth  Thousand. 

Complete  in  Two  Vols.,fcp.  8vo,  cloth, 
price  10s., 

A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
TERFLIES and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Stainton. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

Loudon:  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
gate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  August  24, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Xo.  256.]  SATUEDAY,  AUGUST  31,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


STljc  ©ntomologist’s 
Sittelltg-cnwr 

WILL 

HOT  BE  COHTINVED 

APTER  THE  CLOSE  OE 

THE  PKESENT  VOLUME. 


SCAECITY  OF  INSECTS. 

From  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
from  nearly  all  Europe,  we  have  com- 
plaints of  the  scarcity  of  insects ; but 
one  correspondent  suggests  that  those 
who  thus  complain  are  themselves  to 
blame. 

To  us,  however,  the  complaint  ap- 
pears too  general  to  be  attributable  to 
bad  collecting,  and  certainly  the  scarcity 
of  Hipparchia  Janira  can  have  nothing 
to  do  with  good  or  bad  collectors; 
that  is  a fact  as  patent  and  visible 
to  all  of  us  as  the  late  comet  on  the 
30th  of  June. 

The  cold  and  wet  summer  (or  per- 
haps it  would  be  better  to  say  t(ie 
cold  and  wet  season,  as  it  seems  almost 
a misnomer  to  call  it  summer)  of  I860 
is  still  exercising  a prejudicial  effect 


on  vegetation  and  on  insects.  He  who 
finds  no  peaches  on  a peach  tree  just 
now  is  not  necessarily  either  lazy  or 
stupid,  and  we  see  not  why  we  may 
not  be  equally  charitable  to  the  un- 
fortunate collector  who  fails  to  meet 
with  insects. 

It  is  possible  that  the  autumn  crop 
of  insects  may  be  more  plentiful:  the 
weather  now  is  everything  we  could 
wish,  but  still  fine  weather  may  be  of 
no  avail  if  the  whole  summer  genera- 
tion of  a species  has  become  extermi- 
nated, or  even  if  an  approach  towards 
extermination  had  been  reached. 

We  have  heard  of  the  appearance 
of  Colias  Edusa  in  Devonshire,  but 
we  have  as  yet  only  heard  of  a single 
specimep. 

We  are  curious  to  hear  whether  the 
scarcity  which  is  so  generally  com- 
plained of  among  Lepidoptera  prevails 
also  amongst  other  orders.  The  Hy- 
menoptera,  for  instance,  are  they  scarce  ? 
We  speak  feelingly,  being  much  an- 
noyed with  a superabundance  of  wasps 
— more  so,  indeed,  than  has  been  the 
case  for  many  years.  Also  of  flies 
there  seems  to  be  no  scarcity. 

How  do  the  collectors  of  Coleoptera 


z 


170 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


and  Orthoptera  fare  ? Are  grasshoppers 
plentiful?  How  is  it  with  the  He- 
miptera?  Are  they  also  in  diminished 
numbers,  and  is  there  any  great  prospect 
of  the  Aphides  becoming  extinct? 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row. 


AH  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S.E.  No  notice 
will  he  taken  o f anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 
they  send  notices  whieh  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


Mr.  Stainton  will  not  be  “ at  home  ’> 
on  Wednesday  next,  as  he  will  be  at 
Manchester  during  the  Meeting  of  the 
British  Association. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoptera. 

Acronycta  Alni. — I have  great  plea- 
sure in  adding  one  more  locality  for  this 


insect.  A beautiful,  nearly  full-fed  larva 
was  brought  me  to-day  by  a gardener, 
who  had  found  it  on  a crab-leaf  which 
was  lying  hy  the  pathway.  I examined 
the  spot,  but  could  see  no  trees  which 
W’ould  afford  it  food,  save  a few  poplars 
some  hundred  yards  off.  Whether  it 
really  came  from  a crab  tree,  or  whether 
hunger  had  compelled  it  to  take  a new 
pabulum,  I cannot  say,  but  a strong 
wind  was  blowing  at  the  time.  It  ate  a 
great  portion  of  the  crab-leaf  whilst  it 
was  in  his  possession.  He  further  in- 
formed me  that  he  had  seen  the  cater- 
pillar before,  but  very  rarely  and  at  long 
intervals. — F.  0.  Rospini,  Tamworth  ; 
August  24. 

Emmelesia  Unifasciata. — Whilst  col- 
lecting near  here,  on  the  21st  instant,  I 
had  the  good  fortune  to  capture  two  fine 
specimens  of  this  insect,  which  I beat 
out  of  a hawthorn  hedge. — W.  A.  Ellis, 
Cheam,  Surrey ; Aug.  24. 

Coleoptera. 

Disappointments. — Towards  the  end  of 
May  last  I made  an  excursion  to  Crwm- 
lyn  Burrows,  Swansea,  in  the  hope  of 
obtaining  a series  of  Nehria  complanata, 
or  any  other  good  things  I might  pick 
up.  I was  induced  to  visit  this  spot  by 
a notice  in  the  ‘ Intelligencer,’  some  time 
since,  that  a gentleman  from  Cheltenham 
College  had  taken  upwards  of  eighty 
specimens  of  the  species  above  named  in 
one  morning.  I was  informed  that  the 
place  where  beetles  were  to  be  found 
commenced  about  a mile  from  the  town, 
and  extended  along  the  coast  to  Briton 
Ferry.  At  this  latter  place  (if  I may  be 
excused  for  the  digression)  there  is  a 
lunatic  asylum, — a fitting  receptacle,  in 
the  opinion  of  most  persons,  for  ento- 
mologists in  general,  and  coleopterists  in 
partieular,  especially  wheu  seen,  on  their 
hands  and  knees,  on  sand  or  mud,  “ in 
the  fact”  of  dabbing  here  and  there  to 
obtain  Bemhidium  or  other  small  Geode- 
phaga.  Having  reached  the  sands,  I pro- 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


171 


ceeded  a considerable  distance,  turning 
over  every  stick,  stone,  heap  of  shingle, 
&c.,  under  which  a beetle  might  be 
secreted,  but  not  a single  specimeu  of 
N.  complanata  or  beetle  of  any  kind  was 
to  be  found  on  the  sands.  I,  however, 
went  on  till  I came  opposite  to  a strange- 
looking  building  surrounded  by  high 
walls,  which  I thought  might  be  the 
asylum  before  alluded  to  ; and  having  no 
desire  to  be  deemed  worthy  of  admission 
to  the  interior,  I retraced  my  way  back 
across  the  fields.  I did  not,  of  course, 
omit  to  turn  over  every  likely-looking 
stone  in  the  grassy  places  on  my  way, 
and  took  several  species  of  Amara,  Har- 
palus,  &c.,  and  two  specimens  of  Anthi- 

cus ? not  yet  made  out.  I flattered 

myself  that  I might  somewhere,  among 
the  Umbelliferse,  have  met  with  Trichius 
zonalus,  which  is  sometimes  taken  near 
Swansea,  and  also  in  other  parts  of  this 
county  (Glamorgan),  although  the  cap- 
tures appear  to  be  “ few  and  far  be- 
tween.” Up  to  this  time  (August  20) 
I have  not  seen  or  heard  of  one  being 
taken.  I regret  this,  having  been  anxious 
to  obtain  the  species  for  a gentleman, 
who,  although  personally  unknown  to 
me,  has  very  kindly  furnished  me  with 
specimens  of  various  species,  for  which  I 
wished  to  make  some  suitable  return. 
On  my  return  to  Swansea,  I was  in- 
formed that  the  strange-looking  building 
alluded  to  was  a powder  magazine ! I 
expect  I did  not  go  far  enough  to  reach 
the  head-quarters  of  Nebria  complanata. 
— T.  Pabrv,  Bank,  Merthyr  ; Aug.  20. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Cynips  Glechomm. — In  the  summer  of 
18b0  1 noticed,  at  Llandudno,  some 
singularly  beautiful  galls  on  the  leaves 
of  the  ground-ivy  {Glechoma  hederacea). 
They  were  of  the  size  of  a large  marble, 
villous,  and  variously  tinted  with  red  and 


green.  They  were  chiefly  placed  singly 
on  the  stems ; occasionally,  however,  two 
or  more  would  occupy  a stout  stem.  On 
cutting  them  open  I Ibund  that  they 
contained  little  knotty  nuts,  imbedded  in 
a yielding  pithy  substance  that  might 
serve  the  purpose  of  protection  against 
the  inroads  of  the  ichneumon  fly,  and 
maintain  an  equable  temperature  for  the 
tenant  of  the  gall.  I gathered  a hand- 
ful of  leaves  so  affected,  and  put  them 
into  a box  duly  labelled.  In  the  spring 
of  this  year  I opened  some  of  the  withered 
galls,  and  found  them  to  contain  a small 
white  grub,  with  jaws  that  gave  evidence 
of  a hymenopteron.  Again  they  were 
returned  to  their  glass-topped  box  to 
await  the  change  that  might  be  brought 
about  by  the  summer  weather.  How 
long  they  remained  in  the  larva  state  I 
cannot  tell,  as  I did  not  disturb  them 
again  till  they  had  put  on  their  wings. 
The  description  of  the  insect  is  as  fol- 
lows:— Head  and  thorax  black,  rugose 
and  punctured.  Abdomen  umber-brown, 
shining.  Legs  and  antennae  testaceous, 
shaggy.  Wings  hyaline,  transversely 
wrinkled. — Petee  Inchbald,  Storthes 
Hall,  near  Huddersfield  ; Aug.  26. 


EXCHANGE. 

Celma  Imhutata. — Having  a quantity 
of  this  insect  in  duplicate  I shall  be 
happy  to  exchange  with  any  one  in  want 
of  it.  Parties  not  hearing  from  me  in 
the  course  of  a week  may  conclude  their 
oflfers  are  not  accepted.  — W.  Paeby, 
310,  Oldham  Road,  Manchester  ; Aug.  24. 

Exchange. — I have  a few  fine  speci- 
mens of  the  following  insects,  numbered 
as  in  the  Appendix  to  Siaintons  ‘Ma- 
nual:’—!, 3,  4,  5,  9, 1 1 , 1 8,  29, 3i,  .32, 34 
to  39, 54, 55, 57,  58,  60, 61,  65,  66,  70, 76, 
79,  85,  86,  which  I will  exchange  for 
good  images  of  Noctuae  or  Geometrina. 


172 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Parlies  not  receiving  replies  to  their  ap- 
plications in  the  course  of  a week  will 
understand  that  their  offers  are  not 
accepted. — Heney  Teasdel,  jun.,  Great 
Yarmouth. 

Exchange. — I have  a long  series  of 
bred  X.  Scolopacina  and  X.  Citrayo,  in 
first  class  condition  : I could  give  a series 
of  either  or  each  of  them  to  any  of  my 
friends  that  can  help  me  to  fine  speci- 
specimens  of  any  of  the  following; — 
Notodonta  Trepida, 

Cymatophora  Or, 

...  Ocularis, 

Cirroedia  Xerampelina, 

Tethea  Subtusa, 

...  Retusa. 

I see  a Dublin  correspondent  does  not 
consider  it  gentlemanly  to  exchange : I 
think  it  quite  as  gentlemanly  and  as 
honest  to  ask  outspokenly  in  your  columns 
as  it  is  to  ask  for  them  otherwise.  Per- 
haps gentlemen  can  afford  to  go  to  their 
different  localities  and  take  them;  /,  as 
a working  man,  cannot  afford  to  do  so, 
and  if  I wait  until  gentlemen  send  them 
to  me  I fear  I shall  see  blank  places  in 
my  drawers  for  a long  time  yet.  In  con- 
clusion, I may  say  I cannot  afford  to 
buy  (I  would  not  if  I could),  I will  not 
sell,  and  I think  I have  as  great  a desire 
to  possess  species  I have  not  got  as  any 
gentleman  has  that  1 know  of. — William 
Thomas,  Tom  Cross  Lane,  Sheffield; 
August  24. 

Exchange. — T have  some  excellent  and 
well-set  specimens  of  the  following  Lepi- 
doptera,  and  shall  be  glad  to  receive 
offers  for  them,  which,  if  accepted,  will 
be  replied  to  within  a week: — Nos.  3,  10, 
18,  32,  36,  39,  70  to  72,  74,  78,  99,  103, 
148,  205,  213,  290,  337,  343,  346,  43i2, 
466,  498,  503,  530,  537,  556,  557,  663  to 
665,  589,  607,  617,  626,  631,633,645, 
647,709,713,  716,  762,  803,  805,  813, 
923,  1092,  1293,  1351,  1877,  1879,  as 
numbered  in  the  Appendix  to  the  ‘ Ma- 
nual.’ My  desiderata  are  very  numerous, 
especially  in  the  Bombycina  and  Geome- 


trina. — H.  E.  Cox,  10,  Thurlow  Villas, 
West  Dulwich,  S. 

Exchange. — Having  duplicates  of  the 
following  insects,  I shall  be  glad  to 
receive  offers  of  exchange: — 

Chortobius  Davus, 

Arctia  Fuliginosa, 

Hyria  Auroraria, 

Carsia  Imbutata, 

Hypeua  Crassalis, 

Crambus  Pinetellus. , 

As  my  insects  are  in  fine  condition  I 
shall  expect  the  same  in  return. — John 
Smith,  5,  Pond  Place,  Pond  Street, 
Hulme,  Manchester ; Aug.2Q. 

Exchange. — I have  the  following  in- 
sects in  duplicate: — 

Epione  Vespertaria  ( ^ & 5,  bred), 
Eupithecia  Nanata, 

Clostera  Curtula, 

Notodonta  Dromedarius  (bred), 

...  Ziczac  (do.), 

Leucania  Pudorina, 

Apamea  Fibrosa, 

Aliana  Arcuosa, 

Triphaena  Fimbria  (bred), 

Noctua  Umbrosa, 

Orthosia  Suspecta, 

Xanthia  Cerago, 

Toxocampa  Pastinum, 
for  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive 
offers  of  larvcB,  pupae  or  imagos. — J.  H. 
Dossor,  East  Parade,  Heivorth  Road, 
York. 


NORTHERN  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
SOCIETY. 

June  22,  1861. — Mr,  C.  S.  Gregson, 
President,  in  the  chair. 

Exhibitions, 

Mr.  N.  Cooke  exhibited  a series  of 
Zygmiidce,  taken  in  Galway,  amongst 
which  were  a number  of  specimens  of  a 
supposed  new  species,  but  little  faith 
could  be  placed  on  the  characters  pointed 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


17S 


out,  as  they  (one  of  them  at  least)  were 
not  permanent.  He  also  exhibited 
foreign  specimens  of  Minos,  Scabiosce 
and  Achillem.  It  was  observed  of  this 
that  as  a true  5-spot  it  could  not  be  con- 
founded with  any  of  the  Galway  speci- 
mens. 

Mr.  Greening  exhibited  a box  of 
varieties  of  T.  Crepuscularia,  very  fine. 

Mr.  Wilkinson  exhibited  a box  of 
black  varieties  of  X.  Polyodon,  taken  on 
Simonswood  Moss. 

The  President  exhibited  N.  Sobrina 
and  perfectly  black  L.  Ccesiata. 

The  President  also  exhibited,  on  be- 
half of  Mr.  Palmer,  Eupilhecia  con- 
signata  ; on  behalf  of  Mr.  Bradley,  very 
fine  Dicera  oenea,  and  a good  specimen 
of  P.  Daplidice,  taken  in  Lancashire ; 
and,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Johnson,  a fine 
series  of  varieties  of  A.  Grossulariata, 
bred  upon  sloe,  and  a series  of  Eupi- 
lhecia, varieties  Cognaria,  Subfulvaria, 
&c.,  &c.,  bred  from  yarrow,  some  desti- 
tute of  red,  but  none  typical  of  Succen- 
luriata.  The  President  observed  that  he 
believed  this  larva,  if  fed  upon  sallow, 
would  probably  produce  the  light  variety : 
he  exhibited  larvae  of  Acidalia  Aversata 
and  Eupilhecia  Indigata  feeding  on 
sallow,  and  remarked  that  there  were 
few  “ Pugs  ” which  would  not  feed  upon 
sallow  in  confinement. 

G,  H.  Wilkinson, 

Hon.  Sec. 


PERIODICAL  LITERATURE. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer.' 

Sir, — The  views  on  periodical  litera- 
ture and  ils  consequences  expressed  by 
you  in  your  last  leading  article  are 
diametrically  opposed  to  mine.  You 
look  upon  the  continually  increasing 


number  of  periodicals  as  an  evil.  I con- 
sider it  a good.  Natural  Science  is  like 
the  diamond,  which  becomes  more  and 
more  beautiful,  as  an  increased  number 
of  facets  are  cut  upon  it, — and  that  is 
precisely  the  kind  of  work  which  pe- 
riodicals necessitate.  You  complain  that 
matter  is  written  solely  in  order  to  fill 
the  pages,  and  that  hence  much  is  pro- 
duced which  is  of  little  value.  This,  in 
my  opinion,  is  precisely  analogous  to 
the  whole  of  human  life.  The  day, 
which  always  has  its  full  twenty-four 
hours,  is  the  journal  which,  well  or  ill, 
must  be  filled  completely.  I would  not, 
if  I could,  strike  out  the  tedious  pages 
or  hours,  for  they  serve  as  a foil  to  the 
remainder.  The  half  of  life,  sometimes 
the  more  than  half,  is  spent  in  sleep,  and 
it  appears  to  me  only  reasonable  if  in  that 
respect  the  daily  press  imitates  Nature. 
Besides  all  entomologists  are  not  so  ex- 
orbitant as  to  wish  their  glass  always 
filled  to  the  brim. 

I cannot  at  all  enter  into  your  feelings 
of  sympathy  for  librarians.  Librarians 
most  certainly  belong  to  that  class  of 
beings  with  which  Heaven  itself  had  no 
sympathy  when  they  were  created.  It 
is  their  vocation  to  be  always  tormented. 
A good  library  may  be  compared  to  a 
clock,  and  the  librarian  is  the  pendulum, 
which  must  be  always  moving,  unless 
the  works  are  to  stand  still.  That  he 
should  enliven  his  movements  by  a more 
or  less  melodious  groaning  is  very  natu- 
ral, since  even  a locomotive  breathes 
louder  when  it  has  to  mend  its  pace. 

But,  Mr.  Editor,  it  seems  to  me  that 
^ you  have  quite  overlooked  one  main  ob- 
ject of  periodicals, — namely,  their  aim 
constantly  and  so  repeatedly  to  be  urging 
others  on.  Nature  is  so  infinitely  varied, 
and  our  knowledge  still  so  defective,  that 
a constant  urging  on  is  very  necessary. 


174 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLTGENCEE. 


The  same  spot  must  be  constantly  hit, 
the  brain  must  be  incited  to  work  as 
often  as  possible  to  investigate  the  great 
book  of  Nature,  and  to  record  the  new 
observations  in  the  daily  journal,  and 
thus  to  promote  Science. 

The  journal  itself,  and  hence  also 
periodicals,  fulfil  their  aim  when  put  to 
scientific  use. 

But  periodicals,  like  all  beings,  must 
undergo  a metamorphosis.  ‘ The  Ento- 
mologist’s Weekly  Intelligencer’  now 
seems  like  a larva,  so  well  fed  that  it  is 
about  to  change:  in  that  stale  larvae  are 
always  dull  and  ill  humoured ; we  must, 
therefore,  wait  till  the  Phcnnix  arises 
with  fresh  wings,  more  gaily  ornamented, 
from  its  old  skin. 

I console  myself  with  the  idea  that,  at 
the  end  of  the  volume,  I shall  find  your 
last  leading  article  indexed  amongst 
“ FaceticB.” 

I am.  Sir, 

Yours  obediently. 

Dr.  Hagen. 

August  27,  1861. 


COMPLAINT  OF  A MOTH. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer,* 

Sir, — I thought  at  one  time  that  ento- 
mologists called  themselves  a brother- 
hood, at  least  that  is  what  has  been 
handed  down  to  us  from  the  time  of  our 
forefathers  (several  of  whom  graced  the 
cabinets  of  your  ancestors).  I possess 
records  alluding  to  the  great  friendship 
between  brethren  of  the  net ; but,  from 
all  I have  seen  of  you  entomologists, 
I cannot  acquiesce  in  the  statements 
contained  therein.  Let  us  take  an  ex- 
ample,— no  matter  who,— B.  and  G.,  if 
you  like.  B.  and  G,,  then,  have  a mutual 


dislike.  G.  accuses  B.  and  B.  retorts 
upon  G.,  and  what  about?  About  us! 
Why  we  never  wished  to  set  one  natu- 
ralist against  another;  in  fact,  I really 
doubt  whether  we  have  set  any  true 
naturalist  against  another,  and  we  are 
very  pained  to  see  in  the  last  two  num- 
bers of  your  journal  that  we  are  put  as 
causes  of  disturbance  in  the  scientific  (?) 
world.  Are  there  not  more  pleasing 
subjects  on  which  B.  and  G.  may  in 
future  wield  their  pens? 

I do  not  wish  this  short  note  to  be  a 
purely  personal  one;  hut,  lest  either  B. 
or  G.  should  consider  it  to  be  so,  I may 
as  well  add  that  these  remarks  are  in- 
tended for  all  those  to  whom  my  letter 
refers,  and  not  to  one  alone,  but  to  all. 
“ Satire  is  not  my  aim  ; I would  not 
wield  a pen  to  hurt  e’en  through  my 
enemy.” 

Yours,  iSrc., 

Dianthcecia  Cucdbali. 

Lychnis  dioica,  near  London, 

Aug.  12,  1861. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ' Intelligencer.’ 

Sir,  — I find  that  my  comments  on 
amateur  dealing  have  given  mortal 
offence,  and  I am  to  be  punished  for 
my  impertinence  by  being,  as  far  as 
possible,  prevented  from  obtaining  any 
of  the  local  species  found  hereabout. 
Some  years  ago,  if  I wished  to  sugar 
the  locality  where  Hadena  Suasa  occurs, 
I was  actually  compelled  to  commence 
operations  by  3 p.  m.,  or  I was  certain  to 
find  a piece  of  paper  pinned  on  the  first 
tree,  with  “ Sugared,  Reid,”  written  upon 
it.  My  unfortunate  remarks  have,  it 
seems,  once  more  awakened  the  spirit  of 


THE  ENTOJVrOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


176 


monopoly,  only,  this  time,  the  profes- 
sional is  to  be  assisted  by  the  amateur 
dealer.  This  is  a delightful  state  of 
things  ; but  if  it  is  supposed  that  by  any 
such  means  I shall  be  presented  from 
exposing  contemptible  practices,  or  ex- 
pressing my  opinions  whenever  I think 
proper,  all  I have  to  say  is — it  is  a 
mistake. 

I have  often  thought  of  calling  atten- 
tion to  the  consequences  of  the  wholesale 
slaughter  occasionally  chronicled  in  the 
‘ Intelligencer.’  Among  the  notices  of 
captures,  several  instances  occur  where — 
mention  having  been  made  of  the  capture 
of  100, 200  or  more  of  a local  species  last 
year  — much  surprise  is  expressed  that 
only  two  or  three  were  seen  this  season. 
Now,  in  the  name  of  common  sense,  how 
can  it  be  otherwise?  Do  these  gentle- 
men imagine  moths  and  butterflies  come 
somehow  spontaneously  into  existence, 
without  assistance  from  the  parents  they 
so  ruthlessly  destroy?  Does  it  never 
occur  to  them  to  calculate  the  probable 
number  of  larvae,  for  the  following  season, 
they  annihilate  by  the  slaughter  of  forty 
or  fifty  females  before  they  have  deposited 
their  ova  ? 

Mr.  Barrett,  actuated  by  a laudable 
desire  to  vindicate  the  conduct  of  his 
friend,  takes  what  is,  I fear,  a loo  favour- 
able view  of  the  case.  I am  quite  ready 
to  believe  Mr.  Birchall  made  his  whole- 
sale collection  of  Zonaria  with  the  most 
generous  intentions,  and  no  doubt  any 
one,  unable  to  collect  himself,  is  perfectly 
justifiable  in  employing  another  to  do  so 
for  him ; but  I for  one  very  much  ques- 
tion the  propriety  of  employing  children  . 
in  the  incautious  manner  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Gregson.  I am  sure,  if  they  will 
reflect  a moment,  the  good  sense  of  both 
Mr.  Birchall  and  Mr.  Barrett  will  tell 
them  that  such  a course — however  tem- 


porarily convenient  — must  eventually 
lead  to  the  entire  destruction  of  local 
species.  In  this  immediate  neighbour- 
hood the  same  practice  of  paying  boys, 
&c.,  to  sweep  the  hedges  of  the  larvae  of 
Trichiura  Cratmgi  and  Orgyia  Gono- 
stigma  has  resulted  apparently  in  the 
complete  extermination  of  both  species. 

With  regard  to  “ exchange,”  I shall 
have  a little  to  say  another  day,  but  in 
the  mean  time  I will  venture  to  hope 
that  Mr.  Barrett  does  not  wish  to  in- 
sinuate that  only  those  who  abstain  from 
what  Mr.  Gregson  calls  “selling”  their 
specimens  are  “ gentlemen;”  because,  if 
so,  judging  from  the  notices  under  the 
head  of  “Exchange”  in  the  ‘Intelli- 
gencer,’ the  “ gentlemen  entomologists  ’’ 
are  in  a most  lamentable  minority. 

In  conclusion, — as  I disapprove  of 
inuendoes  equally  with  Mr.  BaiTett, — 
I beg  to  inform  him  that  I can  bear 
testimony  to  Mr.  Gregson’s  generosity, 
to  which  I am  indebted  for  several  spe- 
cies now  in  my  cabinet. 

Yours,  6cc., 

J.  Havvlev, 

55,  Hall  Gate,  Doncaster ; 

August  21,  1861. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer.' 

Sir, — To  all  who  know  Mr.  Birchall 
any  vindication  of  his  character  is  pal- 
pably superfluous,  and  I doubt  not  that 
he  holds  in  utter  abhorrence  the  “ pre- 
sentation of  testimonials.”  I do  not, 
therefore,  propose  to  furnish  a testi- 
monial ; but  I have  a right  (which,  with 
your  kind  permission,  Mr.  Editor,  I will 
exercise)  to  state  a fact  or  two  which 
will  supplement  the  observations  of 
Mr.  Barrett,  at  p.  169  ante. 

As  a member  of  the  York  Entomo- 
logical Society  I have  had  experience  of 


176 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Mr.  Birchall’s  liberality.  Only  a few 
weeks  ago  the  Society  received,  un- 
solicited, a box  containing  nearly  a 
hundred  well-set  specimens  of  Nyssia 
zonaria.  Though  these  did  not  afford 
each  member  a long  series  they  supplied 
each  with  several  specimens  of  an  insect 
which  does  not  occur  here,  and  which 
few  had  the  opportunity  of  otherwise 
obtaining. 

Before  I became  a member  of  the 
Society  it  was,  I am  informed,  similarly 
indebted  to  Mr.  Birchall’s  unsolicited 
liberality  for  specimens  of  Zygcena 
Minos  (?),  which  was  then  still  more 
difficult  of  acquisition.  Which  of  the 
members  is  not  individually  indebted  to 
Mr.  Birchall  for  numerous  desiderata 
I am  unable  to  state:  not  many.  For 
myself  I can  say  that  I have  great 
pleasure  in  acknowledging  my  “ in- 
debtedness.” 

In  fairness  to  Mr.  Gregson,  I must 
add  that  our  Society  have  likewise  to 
acknowledge  his  courtesy  and  liberality  in 
supplying  specimens  of  Nyssia  zonaria. 
No  doubt  it  was  owing  to  the  activity  of 
Mr.  Birchall’s  juvenile  assistants  that 
Mr.  Gregson  was  unable  to  supply  a 
number  equal  to  that  of  Mr.  Birchall. 
Not  the  less,  however,  on  that  account 
do  the  members  appreciate  Mr.  Gregson’s 
courtesy. 

Yours  respectfully, 

John  Bieks. 

York,  Aug.  20,  1861. 


Price  3s., 

PRACTICAL  HINTS 
respecting  MOTHS  and  BUT- 
TERFLIES, with  Notices  of  their  Lo- 
calities ; forming  a Calendar  of  Entomo- 
logical Operations  throughout  the  Year 
in  pursuit  of  Lepidoptera.  By  Richakd 
Shield. 

London:  John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Now  pu  blishing, 

A NATURAL  HISTORY 
OF  BRITISH  MOTHS,  with 
coloured  figures  of  every  Species.  In 
Montlily  Parts,  two  shillings  each,  con- 
taining, on  the  average,  figures  of  thirty 
species. 

Parts  9, 10,  n,  12  and  13  are  now  ready. 
Parts  14  and  15  will  be  ready  in  a few 
days.  Part  15  contains  figures  of  fifty-one 
species,  including  the  whole  of  the  Genus 
Eupithecia,  with  the  two  newly-discovered 
British  species,  trisignata  and  tripunc- 
tata. 

London : Longman  & Co.,  Paternoster 
Row. 


The  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 
ANNUAL  for  1855,  Second 
Edition,  price  2s.  6<i!.,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing information  on  Collectino  and 
Preserving  Lepidoptera,  by  H.  T. 
Stainton : — 

1.  How  to  collect  Lepidoptera. 

2.  How  to  rear  Lepidoptera  from  the 
pupa  or  larva  state. 

3.  How  to  kill  Lepidoptera. 

4.  How  to  pin  Lepidoptera. 

5.  How  to  set  Lepidoptera. 

6.  How  to  arrange  Lepidoptera  in  the 
Collection. 

It  also  contains  Notes  on  the  Col- 
lecting and  Preserving  Coleoptera, 
by  T.  Vernon  Wollaston  : — 

1.  Suggestions  where  Coleoptera  should 
be  looked  for. 

2.  The  apparatus  necessary  for  the  col- 
lector of  Coleoptera. 

3.  The  mode  of  preparing  the  specimens 
when  caught. 

From  it  containing  this  information, 
this  little  volume  is  of  great  value  to^ll 
beginners,  and  some  may  be  incited  to 
greater  ardour  in  the  pursuit  by  reading 
the  “Address  to  Young  Entomologists  at 
Eton,  Harrow,  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
at  all  other  Schools.” 

London  : John  Van  Voorst,  1,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
jjate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex, ^Saturday,  August  31, 1861. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGISTS 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 

No.  257.]  SATUEDAY,  SEPTEMBER  7,  1861.  [Price  Id. 


SCffe  ©tttomologtst’s 
Sntelltgencer 

WILL 

HOT  BE  COHTIHTTED 

AFTER  THE  CLOSE  OF 

THE  PRESENT  VOLUME. 


ARRANGEMENT. 

The  impossibility  of  inducing  all  to 
accept  equally  the  same  precise  articles 
of  faith  is  a fact  which  is  self-evident 
to  naturalists  in  all  that  appertains  to 
classification  and  arrangement.  Yet 
just  as  we  frequently  find  that  an  aged 
divine  will  be  more  disposed  to  look 
leniently  on  differences  of  opinion  in 
religious  matters,  he  halting,  probably 
by  dint  of  long-living,  himself  gone 
through  various  phases  of  faith,  so  may 
we  expect  that  the  naturalist  of  ad- 
vanced years  will  be  likewise  more 
liberal  in  his  notions,  more  willing  to 
admit  of  an  inconformity  of  classifica- 
tion, and  to  exclaim  with  a charitable 
expression  of  countenance,  •“  Arrange- 
ment does  not  so  much  matter,  after 
all.” 


The  young,  with  the  impatience 
and  arbitrariness  natural  to  youth,  are 
for  having  one  uniform  «ystem  uni- 
versally adopted,  an  impossibility  the 
demand  for  which  only  proves  their 
own  ignorance  and  their  own  utter  in- 
competence to  legislate  on  matters  they 
so  little  understand. 

We  continually  meet  with  new  sys- 
tems and  new  modes  of  arrangement. 

A Catalogue  of  European  Lepi- 
doptera,  now  in  the  press,  which  pro- 
mises to  be  a most  useful  one,  will 
shortly  be  published;  it  is  from  the 
pens  of  Dr.  Staudinger  and  Dr.  Wocke. 
In  it  will  be  found  enumerated,  with 
synonyms — 

392  Rhopalocera,  v 

179  Sphinges,  ' 

318  Bombyces, 

975  Noctuae, 

719  Geo^etrae,  &c.,  &c. 

The  Bombyces  are  headed  by  Sarro- 
thripa  revayana,  Earias  vcrnana  and 
clorana,  Hylophila  prasinana  and  quer- 
^cana,  and  the  genus  Nola,  and  con- 
clude with  two  genera  which  have 
hitherto  been  placed  amongst  the  Noc- 
tuse,  viz.  Thyatira  and  Cymatophora. 

2 A 


178 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


The  Noctuee  begin  with  Diloba  Caru- 
leocephala,  and  include  Demas  Coryli, 
Asteroscopus  nuheculosa  and  Cassinea, 
Aventia  Flexula,  Soletohia  fuliginosa, 
and  the  group  of  Deltoides. 

Of  course  we  can  imagine  that,  on 
account  of  this  arrangement,  this  new 
Catalogue  may  to  some  be  unpalatable  ; 
but  we  believe  that  those  who  are  ad- 
vanced beyond  a certain  stage  will  not 
be  disposed  to  lay  so  very  much  stress 
upon  arrangement,  and  will  gladly 
welcome  so  complete  a Synonymic 
Catalogue,  which  we  fancy  will  be 
found  of  great  value  by  all  who  are 
really  working  at  European  Lepi- 
doptera. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
ligencer may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  61  & 52  Pater- 
noster Row. 


All  communications  to  be  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Stainton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S. E . No  notice 
ivill  be  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 


they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “ Exchange.” 


TO  COEBESPONDENTS. 

T.  H. — Liparis  Dispar  larvae  hatch  in 
April  or  May,  and  eat  leaves  of  elm,  &c. 
Cossus  Ligniperda  feeds  on  the  wood  of 
willow,  oak  and  other  trees. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidoptera. 

Captures  at  Sugar. — During  the  month 
of  August,  in  company  with  Mr.  Isaac 
Swinden,  I have  visited  various  woods 
round  here.  At  sugar  we  have  captured 
the  following: — 

Xylophasia  Scolopacina, 

Apamea  Connexa, 

Triphaena  Janthina, 

...  Fimbria, 

Noctua  Glareosa, 

...  Dahlii, 

Orthosia  Congener, 

Xanthia  Cerago, 

...  Flavago,  &c.,  &c. 

All  in  fine  condition,  except  O.  Con- 
gener. I have  also  bred  five  specimens 
of  N.  Dahlii,  all  females.  — J.  Batty, 
South  Street,  Park,  Sheffield;  Sept.  1. 

Captures  at  Torquay. — Since  my  last 
communication  I have  captured  a beau- 
tiful series  of  L.  Putrescens,  all  in  first- 
rate  condition.  I have  also  taken  at 
sugar  A.  Aquilina  and  A.  Nigricans,  in 
great  plenty.  Amongst  day-flying  in- 
sects P.  Adonis  has  been  exceedingly 
abundant  during  the  last  week  ; P.  Alsus 
has  also  turned  up,  but  rather  sparingly  ; 
C.  Edusa  is  very  uncommon  this  year ; 
I have  not  seen  more  than  five  specimens 
altogether ; this  hot  weather  may,  how- 
ever, have  some  effect  in  bringing  a few 
more  out. — R.  M.  Stewart,  3,  Park 
Place,  Torquay,  Devon;  Sept.  I. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


179 


Captures  in  the  North. — I found  some 
old  acquaintances  in  a spot  where  I little 
expected  to  meet  with  them.  The  vessel 
in  which  I left  England  was  cast  on  a 
reef  off  Anticosti.  A wade  to  the  land 
at  ten  o’clock  at  night,  an  attempt  to 
rest  on  a piece  of  sail-cloth  well  moist- 
ened by  the  rain  and  spread  on  the  wet 
beach,  and  an  assault  from  the  infernal 
moschetoes,  were  not  the  best  prepara- 
tives for  entomological  pursuits,  nor  did 
the  necessity  for  felling  timber,  and  for 
building  huts  allow  of  a very  extended 
excursion.  I wandered,  however,  for 
about  a mile  along  the  shore,  which  was 
strewn  with  velvet,  broad-cloth,  ribbons, 
&c.,  the  remains  of  our  cargo,  and  found 
larvae  of  Cerura  Vinula,  Orgyia  Aniiqua, 
and  a worn  imago  of  Melanippe  Bi- 
riviata.  I also  saw  a Tortrix  with  which 
I was  unacquainted. — Thomas  Fyles, 
Point  Levi,  Canada  ; Aug.  6,  1861. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Achroia  Grisella.. — Before  I left  home 
I had  the  pleasure  of  observing  this  spe- 
cies under  favourable  circumstances.  In 
June  I obtained  a number  of  hybernated 
larvae,  and  placed  them  in  a glass  case. 
The  way  in  which  they  formed  their 
galleries  was  very  interesting ; they 
worked  under  cover,  spinning  their  web 
loosely  and  then  thrusting  it  forward. 
At  the  slightest  disturbance  they  became 
perfectly  motionless.  In  the  beginning 
of  July  perfect  insects  began  to  make 
their  appearance  in  my  case,  and  I went 
to  the  apiary  from  which  I obtained  the 
larvae,  and  found  perfect  insects  there  in 
great  abundance.  They  flutter  much  as 
bees  do  before  the  entrance  of  the  hive. 
The  males  are  usually  much  smaller  than 
the  females.  I shut  up  a male  and  a 
female  together : I did  not  observe  them 
in  cop.,  but  in  a few  days  I saw  the 
female  laying  eggs.  Her  ovipositor  was 
very  long,  and  she  felt  about  with  it 


before  laying  an  egg,  as  if  in  search  of  a 
spot  suited  to  her  purpose.  The  eggs 
were  of  a regular  oval,  and  of  a milk- 
white  colour.  I left  home  before  they 
were  hatched. — Thomas  Fyles,  Point 
Levi,  Canada;  Aug.  6,  1861. 

Cynips  Rosce  spinosissima. — Visitors 
to  the  sea  side  in  the  summer  months 
must  have  noticed  the  curious  red  balls 
that  beset  the  pretty  little  burnet  rose 
(Rosa  spinosissima).  Hardly  any  part 
of  the  plant  seems  free  ; the  calyx  itself 
is  made  to  assume  unnatural  proportions, 
while  the  stem  and  leaf-stalks  offer  a 
series  of  little  wens  of  varied  size  and 
form.  These  are  the  work  of  a tiny  gall- 
fly (Cynips)  that  pierces  the  plant  and 
causes  the  sap  to  stagnate  in  these 
strange  excrescences.  Each  ball  is 
usually  tenanted  by  a single  Cynips, 
which  finds  therein  its  nutriment  and 
shelter  till  it  puts  on  wings  and  leaves 
its  singular  home.  The  galls  are  smooth, 
thus  differing  from  the  bedeguar  of  the 
hedge-rose.  This  circumstance,  I may 
remark,  is  the  more  strange  when  we 
consider  how  much  more  spiny  is  the 
stem  of  the  burnet-rose  than  that  of  our 
friend  of  the  green  lanes  and  hedges.  I 
have  lately  hatched  several  of  this  Cy- 
nips. Its  characters  are  here  given : — 
Colour  black.  AntennEe  geniculated, 
hairy.  Head  and  thorax  dull  black, 
pitted  and  dotted  over  with  grey  pile. 
Abdomen  shining  black.  Legs  black 
with  the  tarsi  paler.  Insect  much 
smaller  than  the  Cynips  Ros<e. — Petek 
Inchbald,  Slorthes  Hall;  Aug.  30. 


. EXCHANGE. 

Bggs. — Having  a collection  of  eggs, 
upwards  of  ninety  good  specimens,  and 
a box  with  five  trays,  I shall  be  glad  to 
forward  any  gentleman  a full  list  of  them 
and  price. — J.  E.  Chalonek,  Plumtrce, 
near  Bawlry,  Notts. 


180 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Exchange. — 

S.  Bombiliformis,  P.  Lacertinaria, 

S.  Davus,  E.  Mi, 

T.  Quercus,  N.  Camelina, 

E.  Blanclina,  H.  Uncana, 

N.  Depuiicta,  B.  Betularia, 

T.  Piuiperda,  0.  Badiataria, 

D.  Conspersa,  F.  Piniaria, 

Cucubali,  P.  Statices, 

P.  Chi,  N.  Leucograpba, 

X.  Lithoriza,  C.  Reclusa. 

L.  Mesomelia, 

Any  person  not  bearing  from  me  must 
conclude  that  my  series  are  complete  of 
tbe  insects  wbicb  they  offer. — Thomas 
Aemstrong,  12,  Barwise  Court,  English 
Street,  Carlisle;  Aug.  28. 

Exchange. — I have  a number  of  du- 
plicates of  tbe  following: — 

Liparis  Monacha  (bred), 

Xylophasia  Scolopacina, 

Apamea  Conuexa, 

Noctua  Brunuea, 

„ Umbrosa, 

„ Baja, 

Cosima  Trapezina, 

Polia  Cbi, 

Aplecta  Nebulosa, 

Melanthia  Albicillata, 

Cidaria  Russata, 

„ Miata  (bred), 

all  in  good  condition,  for  which  I shall 
be  glad  to  receive  offers  for  exchange. — 
Alfred  Leach,  Upper  York  Street, 
Wakefield. 

Arge  Galathea. — I have  a few  speci- 
mens of  this  insect  to  exchange  for  the 


under-mentioned : — 

Leucophasia  Sinapis, 
Theda  Quercus, 
Polyommatus  JEgon, 
Nemeobius  Lucina, 
Limenitis  Sibylla, 
Argynnis  Adippe, 

...  Euphrosyne, 
...  Selene, 
Melilasa  Artemis, 
Melitsea  Athalia, 
Satyrus  Davus, 


Vanessa  Polychloros, 

...  C-album, 

Pamphila  Comma. 

My  specimens  are  in  very  fair  condition, 
and  I expect  such  in  return.  Gentle- 
men will  please  write  first.  Parties  not 
hearing  from  me  within  ten  days  may 
conclude  their  offers  are  not  accepted. — 
A.  Nash,  10,  Eldon  Square,  Reading, 
Berks;  Sept.  2. 

Exchange. — I wish  to  exchange  the 
following  imagos: — 


P.  Machaon 

N.  Xanthographa 

C.  Edusa 

T.  Instabilis 

E.  Blandina 

Stabilis 

G.  C-album 

Cruda 

A.  Paphia 

A.  Pistaciua 

Selene 

Lunosa 

Euphrosyne 

E.  Lucipara 

M.  Athalia 

A.  Nebulosa 

T.  Rubi 

H.  Protea 

T.  Alveolus 

C.  Vetusta 

T.  Tages 

G.  Libatrix 

P.  Statices 

A.  Pyramidea 

A.  Lonicerte 

C.  Nupta 

S.  Ocellatus 

E.  Mi 

C.  Vinula 

Glyphica 

H.  Dispar 

0.  Sambucaria 

N.  Mundana 

Cratsegata 

L.  Quercus 

V.  Maculata 

T.  Derasa 

M.  Margaritata 

Batis 

S.  Illunaria 

B.  Perla 

B.  Hirtaria 

L.  Conigera 

A.  Betularia 

Lithargyria 

I.  Lactearia 

N.  Crassicornis 

H.  Thymiaria 

X.  Hepatica 

C.  Pusaria 

A.  Oculea 

FI.  Defoliaria 

C.  Cubicularis 

Y.  Elutata 

A.  Suffusa 

M.  Biriviata 

Segetum 

C.  Pyraliata 

T.  Orbona 

A.  Plagiaria 

N.  C-nigrum 

0.  Chserophyllata 

Festiva 

H.  Proboscidalis 

Bella 

D.  Fagella 

Besides  series  of  mostof  the  more  common 
ones.  A marked  list  will  be  sent  to  any 
correspondent  requiring  it.  Gentlemen 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


181 


not  bearing  from  me  within  ten  days  will 
please  conclude  their  offers  are  not 
required.  — Dr.  Gill,  5,  Cambridge 
Place,  Regent’s  Park,  London,  N.W. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  'Editor  of  the  * Intelligencer  ' 

Sir, — While  the  giants  of  your  pe- 
riodical have  been  doing  battle  on  the 
“ Exchange  ” question,  or,  as  it  is  dis- 
paragingly termed,  the  “barter”  ques- 
tion, we  little  men  have  been  trembling 
lest  the  final  decision  should  dip  the 
wrong  side,  though,  pending  the  contest, 
we  have  been  availing  ourselves  of  the 
means  your  pages  offer  for  obtaining — 
honourably  obtaining — species  we  never 
can  expect  to  get  in  any  other  way. 
Now,  alas!  from  the  recent  article  in 
your  serial,  this  privilege  is  about  to  die ! 
This  may  be  of  little  or  no  importance 
to  those  who  can  travel  when  and  whither 
they  list,  but  to  those  who  by  great 
diligence  and  patience  can  procure  only 
the  species  common  in  their  neighbour- 
hood, perhaps  a village  or  heath,  and 
who  have  always  thought  that  what  they 
have  captured  and  prepared  by  great 
painstaking  is  a fair  exchange  fur  spe- 
cies caught  under  similar  circumstances 
by  others  in  distant  places, — to  such,  I 
say,  your  announcement  is  a very  grave 
affair. 

You  will,  of  course,  never  suppose  I 
am  an  advocate  for  the  idle  or  avaricious 
dealer,  who  gets  by  the  gross  what  he 
m<iy  sell  by  the  dozen  for  the  abomin- 
able purpose  of  making  (may  I name  it 
in  your  hearing  ?)  lepidoplerous  pictures  ! 
that  vile  trade  cannot  be  spoken  of  in 
terms  too  severe. 

Hoping  some  new  channel  may  be 
opened  for  the  continual  and  fraternal 


accommodation  of  this  patient  and  stu- 
dious entomologist,  in  lieu  of  the  one 
so  long  enjoyed,  but  now  about  to  be 
closed , 

I remain. 

Your  constant  reader, 

V. 

August  26,  1861. 

Sir, — I have  only  just  seen  Mr.  C.  G. 
Barrett’s  letter  in  the  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ of 
last  Saturday,  and  have  not  yet  seen  the 
letter  of  the  previous  week  on  which  he 
animadverts.  I lose  not  a moment  in 
adding  my  testimony  to  that  of  Mr. 
Barrett  in  support  of  the  character  he 
most  truly  and  most  justly  assigns  to 
Mr.  Edwin  Birchall  for  liberality  as  an 
entomologist.  I have  never  known  a 
gentleman  of  a more  generous  and 
liberal  spirit  in  all  matters  entomological, 
and  I am  confident  there  has  been  some 
mistake  on  the  part  of  any  one  who 
could  for  a moment  attribute  any  other 
character  to  him. 

I am.  Sir, 

Your  very  obedient  servant. 

Rev.  F.  0.  Moreis. 

London,  Aug.  19,  1861. 


MOSES  HARRIS. 

The  writings  of  Moses  Harris  are,  on 
the  whole,  much  scarcer  and  much  less 
known  than  is  generally  imagined.  The 
libraries  of  the  Linnean  and  Royal 
Societies  possess  none  of  Harris’s  works. 
A complete  series  of  all  the  editions  is 
nowhere  to  be  found  nor  recorded  iu  any 
bibliography. 

Respecting  the  life  of  Harris  I know 
little  more  than  what  he  himself  says  in 
the  preface  to  the  first  edition  of  his 
‘Aurelian,’  iu  1766.  He  had  then  col- 


182 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


lected  more  than  twenty  years,  and  had 
begun  to  collect  about  his  twelfth  year ; 
he  must,  therefore,  have  been  born  about 
the  year  1734.  His  uncle,  Moses  Harris, 
gave  him  his  first  instruction  in  Ento- 
mology: he  was  a member  of  the  old 
Society  of  Aurelians,  which  met  at  the 
Swan  Tavern,  in  Change  Alley,  and 
Harris  regrets  that  his  youth  prevented 
his  admission  as  a member,  and  the 
more  so  as  during  the  great  fire  in  Corn- 
hill  the  collection  and  books  of  the 
Society  were  burnt,  and  the  members, 
who  were  then  sitting,  had  to  escape 
suddenly,  many  leaving  their  hats  and 
canes.  The  Society,  after  this  misfortune, 
was  not  again  reconstituted  for  fourteen 
years. 

Moses  Harris  was  a copper-plate 
engraver,  and  furnished  the  plates  for  a 
number  of  works,  especially  Drury’s. 

Harris’s  own  first  work  is  “The  Aure- 
lian,  or  Natural  History  of  English  In- 
sects, namely,  Moths  and  Butterflies, 
together  with  the  plants  on  which  they 
feed.  London  : printed  for  the  Author, 
1766.”  Folio;  10  pages  of  dedication 
and  preface,  pp.  77  ; pi.  41  coloured. 

Of  this  first  edition  I have  examined 
a beautifully  coloured  copy  in  Stalnton’s 
(formerly  in  Stephens’)  library.  After- 
wards Harris  published  an  Appendix, 
which,  according  to  an  announcement  in 
his  ‘ Pocket  Companion  ’ of  1775,  was 
sold  separately.  This  Appendix  is  bound 
up  with  the  copy  in  the  British  Museum  ; 
it  contains  four  plates,  and  amongst  them 
a plate  of  dissections  without  a num- 
ber, a table  of  terms,  index,  trivial 
names  and  text  pages  77 — 80,  p.  77 
being  reprinted  and  the  postscript  “ The 
End”  left  out. 

Cobres,  in  Delic.  Cobr.  t.  i.,  p.  359, 
describes  his  edition  precisely  as  above, 
but  assigns  to  it  text  in  English  and 


French.  I have  only  seen  it  with 
English  text ; probably  Cobres’  notice  is 
erroneous. 

The  second  edition,  according  to  Per- 
cheron  and  Engelmann,  p.  534,  appeared 
in  1778,  with  46  plates  (this  would  be 
including  the  frontispiece  and  plate  of 
dissections);  text  in  French  and  English. 
I believe  this  is  the  edition  which  is 
contained  in  Hope’s  library;  unfortu- 
nately the  title-page  is  wanting.  Text 
pp.  145,  in  English  and  French;  44 
coloured  plates. 

The  third  edition  is  in  the  library  of 
the  Entomological  Society  of  London. 
London  : Edwards,  1794 ; fol. ; 44  plates, 
besides  the  frontispiece  and  plate  of  dis- 
sections; pp.  15  preface,  90  text,  and 
4 index,  in  English  and  French,  in 
double  columns. 

As  is  well  known,  Westwood  re-edited 
the  work  in  1841.  The  original  plates, 
according  to  Mr.  Westwood’s  notice,  are 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  William  Knight, 
of  Islington. 

It  is  probable  the  ‘ Aurelian  ’ originally 
appeared  iu  numbers,  as  I find  a notice 
that,  in  1765,  14  plates  had  appeared, 
and  this  is  recorded  in  Gottingen  gel. 
Anz.  1765,  p.  567. 

2.  “ An  Essay  preceding  a Supplement 
to  the  ‘ Aurelian,’  wherein  are  considered 
the  Tendons  and  Membranes  of  the 
wings  of  Butterflies,  &c.  London : 
Author.”  4to.,  also  with  French  title- 
page;  pp.  12,  7 col.  pi.  (No  date  is 
given,  but  it  must  be  before  1775.) 

This  work  must  be  very  scarce,  since 
of  all  the  libraries  I have  examined 
I have  only  found  it  in  the  Banksian 
Library.  Three  of  the  plates  are  marked 
“Octob.  20,  1767.”  The  work  is  of 
interest  as  being  the  first  attempt  to 
classify  Lepidoptera  according  to  the 
neuration  ; attention  is  also  paid  to  the 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


183 


difference  of  form  in  the  scales  of  the 
wings  and  of  the  hooks. 

3.  “ The  English  Lepidoptera,  or  the 
Aurelian’s  Pocket  Companion,  containing 
a Catalogue  of  upwards  of  400  Moths 
and  Butterflies,  &c.  London  : Robson, 
1775;”  8vo;  plate  of  dissections,  pp. 
66.  I have  seen  several  copies  of 
this  work. 

An  edition  at  Exeter  in  1786,  which  I 
have  found  recorded,  I have  not  met 
with.  It  is  perhaps  an  error. 

4.  “ An  Exposition  of  English  In- 
sects.” 

This  work  probably  appeared  in  num- 
bers; I know  three  different  title-pages 
of  1776,  1781  and  1782,  which  are 
enumerated  as  so  many  editions.  But  it 
seems  doubtful  whether  they  can  be  truly 
considered  as  editions ; the  text  is 
throughout  precisely  the  same,  but  of 
the  plates  at  least  thirteen  have  been  re- 
engraved once  or  even  twice.  The  titles 
are — 

“ An  Exposition  of  English  Insects, 
with  curious  observations  and  remarks, 
wherein  each  Insect  is  particularly  de- 
scribed, &c.  London:  Author,  1776, 
and  sold  by  Messrs.  Robson,  &c.”  Pp. 
8 and  166  and  4 index;  4to  ; 50  plates, 
with  frontispiece  and  plate  of  dissections. 
The  text  is  in  two  columns,  English  and 
French ; there  is  also  a French  title- 
page.  Sometimes  (Brit.  Mus.)  there  is 
also  another  plate  of  the  scheme  of 
colours. 

The  next  edition  has  precisely  the 
same  title  in  English  and  French  but 
“ London : printed  for  the  Author  and 
J.  Millan,  &c.,  1781  ” (number  of  pages 
and  plates  as  above). 

The  third  edition  has  on  the  engraved 
title  page  “ An  Exposition  of  English 
Insects  ; including  the  general  classes  of 
Neuroptera,  Hymenoptera  and  Diptera, 
&c.  London  : White  and  Robson, 

n 

I 


1782  ” (number  of  pages  and  plates  pre- 
cisely as  before) . 

In  the  British  Museum  I found  all 
three  editions,  and  I took  the  trouble  to 
compare  closely  all  the  plates.  The 
plates  8,  13,  14,  16,  18,  19,  27,  33,  34, 
39  and  the  Plate  of  details  are  reversed. 
Plates  4,  6 and  15  are  reversed,  but  the 
individual  figures  remain  in  their  places. 
Besides  this  the  edition  of  1776  has 
plate  23  marked  with  1779  and  plate  26 
with  1780,  and  in  the  British  Museum  it 
has  also  the  title  page  of  1782.  Hence 
I suspect  that  the  work  came  out  in 
numbers,  and  that  on  the  sale  increasing 
some  of  the  plates  were  re-engraved,  but 
the  whole  only  appear  to  me  to  form  one 
edition. 

I may  however  remark  here  that  the 
copy  of  1781  in  the  British  Museum,  from 
the  Banksian  Library,  is  far  better  coloured 
than  any  other  I have  seen,  and  in  deter- 
mining the  smaller  species  I would  re- 
commend that  reference  should  be  made 
to  this  copy. — Da.  Hagen,  August  31. 

[We  should  be  very  glad  to  hear  from 
any  of  our  readers  who  possess  copies  of 
Harris’s  works,  as  when  the  books  are  so 
scarce  and  the  editions  so  different  each 
copy  possesses  a considerable  bibliogra- 
phical interest.] 


ESSAI  MONOGEAPHIQUE  SUE  EE 
GENEE  OOEEOPHOEA. 

(Notes  on  Monsieur  Bruand  D'Uzelle’s 
paper  in  ike  ‘ Annales  de  la  Societi 
Ent.  de  France,  1859.) 

(Continued  from  p.  150.) 

4.  Troglodytella.  This  is  truly  the 
species  we  know  under  that  name. 

5.  Semilineariella.  A species  received 
from  M.  Milliere,  the  larva  of  which  was 
unknown.  “ I have  received  from  my 


184 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY'  INTELLIGENCER. 


friend  M.  Milliere  a Coleophora  which 
he  collected  in  1854,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Lyons,  which  is  intermediate 
between  Lineariella  and  Alhigriseella ; 
not  having  been  able  to  recognise  it 
amongst  any  of  the  described  species, 
I have  named  it  Semilineariella. 

“ This  Coleophora  is  nearly  the  size 
of  Troglodytella,  perhaps  a little  larger ; 
the  ground  colour  is  pale  yellowish  grey, 
with  longitudinal  brown  streaks:  these 
streaks  are  not  distinctly  expressed  as  in 
Troglodylella ; they  seem,  as  one  may 
say,  shaggy,  like  the  streaks  in  Albi- 
griseella,  but  they  are  more  numerous, 
or  as  many  as  eight  can  be  counted 
amongst  them ; that  in  the  middle  (which 
terminates  in  the  extreme  apex)  is 
darker  and  thicker  than  the  others ; 
above  it  there  are  four,  and  below  it 
three,  the  lowermost  of  which  is  very 
indistinct  unless  seen  through  a lens. 
The  up])er  lines  terminate,  after  be- 
coming more  slender,  on  the  costa,  which 
is  of  a grey-brown ; the  extremities  of 
the  lower  lines  run  into  a whitish  streak, 
which  precedes  the  cilia ; these  are  yellow- 
grey  at  the  apex,  and  of  a greyish  brown, 
rather  darker  at  the  anal  angle.” 

“ The  antennm  are  aunulated  with 
■whitish  and  greyish  brown,  with  the  first 
joints  swollen  and  almost  white.” 

I am  unable  to  refer  this  to  any  known 
species. 

6.  Lineariella.  Described  from  a spe- 
cimen received  from  M.  Mann,  of  Vienna, 
under  that  name.  It  seems  extremely 
probable  that  it  is  the  true  Lineariella, 
the  larva  of  which  is  now  known  to  feed 
in  a Troglodytella-Wke  case  on  the  leaves 
of  Aster  amellus. 

7.  Griseireticulatella,  This  would  seem 
something  like  a very  small  Hemerobiella 
and  distinct  from  anything  we  know. 

“ I received  this  Coleophora  from  M. 


Lienard,  of  Verdun;  not  being  able  to 
refer  it  to  any  known  species,  I have 
designated  it  Griseireticulatella." 

“ It  is  rather  smaller  than  Limosipen- 
nella,  hardly  as  large  as  Coracipennella  ; 
with  the  ground  colour  of  the  anterior 
wings  whitish  gTey,  tinged  with  lilac  and 
reticulated  with  black  dots ; these  dots 
are  smaller  and  closer  together  at  the 
base  of  the  wing,  larger  and  leaving 
more  of  the  ground  colour  visible  towards 
the  apex,  where  they  form  a little  trans- 
verse streak,  which  runs  into  the  extreme 
apex  ; the  top  of  the  costa  is  also  suffused 
with  blackish;  cilia  grey,  blackish  to- 
wards the  apex.” 

“M.  Lienard  collected  these  species 
near  Verdun  : the  larva  is  unknown.” 

(To  be  continued.) 


For  sale. — I have  just  heard  from 
home  that  there  are  a few  very 
fine  T.  Pruni  and  A,  Sagittaria,  for 
which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive  orders ; 
T.  Pruni  at  Is.  6d.  and  A.  Sagittaria  at 
3s.  Qd.  each.  The  specimens  cannot  be 
sent  till  the  end  of  October. — W.  Faeken, 
Brockenhurst,  New  Forest,  Hants  ; Sept.  2. 


Fourth  Thousand. 

Complete  in  Two  Vols.,fcp.  8vo,  cloth, 
price  10s., 

A MANUAL  of  BRITISH  BUT- 
TERFLIES and  MOTHS.  By 
H.  T.  Stainton. 

This  work  contains  descriptions  of 
nearly  2000  species,  interspersed  with 
observations  on  their  peculiarities  and 
times  of  appearance,  &c.,  and  is  illus- 
trated with  more  than  200  woodcuts. 

London:  Van  Voorst,  1,  Paternoster 
Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
Kate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. — Saturday,  September  7,  It^l. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S 


WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  258.]  SATUEDAY,  SEPTEMBEE  14,  1861.  [Price  W. 


2Tf)c  ©ntomologisfg  WLttM^ 
Entelligenwr 

WILL 

HOT  BE  COHTIHVED 

AETER  THE  CLOSE  OF 

THE  PEESENT  VOLUME. 


EEGRETS. 

“ I,  for  one,”  writes  a correspondent 
in  the  West  of  England,  “shall  regret 
the  absence  of  this  little  paper;  and 
are  all  those  who  read  and  relish  this 
little  medium  of  interchange  of  thoughts 
to  be  taken  of  no  account  ? ” And  then 
he  adds,  “ Let  us  have  less  about 
Mieros ; as  it  has  lately  been,  nineteen- 
twentieths  of  its  readers  care  nothing 
about  the  leaf-miners.” 

Another  correspondent,  in  the  North, 
writes  as  follows : — “ I am  so  very  sorry 
we  are  to  lose  our  little  serial;  it  has 
so  long  been  looked  for  as  a part  of 
our  weekly  news  that  it  will  seem 
strange  at  first  to  be  obliged  to  do 
without  it.” 


We  were  prepared  for  these  and 
similar  expressions  of  regret,  but  regrets 
are  unavailing. 

The  history  of  the  birth,  growth  and 
decease  of  this  little  journal  would 
occupy  too  much  space  for  insertion 
here ; but  possibly  they  may  serve  to 
contribute  a brief  memoir  in  the  pages 
of  the  next  ‘Entomologist’s  Annual.’ 

Of  course  we  have  already  received 
many  enquiries  as  to  the  welfare  of  the 
‘Annual.’  When  one  of  a family  is 
seen  wasting  away  with  decline  one 
naturally  feels  more  anxiety  concerning 
the  health  of  the  other  members  of  the 
family.  All  we  can  say  on  this  subject 
is  that  we  have  applied  the  stethoscope, 
and  that  the  lungs  of  the  ‘Annual’ 
appear  at  present  perfectly  sound. 

Entomology  in  England  is  passing 
through  a phase  of  depression:  we 

doubt  much  if  we  could  now  make  out 
a list  of  500  English  entomologists : to 
what  extent  this  may  have  arisen  from 
the  Volunteer  movement,  the  deleterious 
eflfects  of  which  have  been  so  great, 
it  is  impossible  to  say;  but  this  is 
evident,  that  as  action  and  reaction 
are  equal  and  opposite,  and  as  a few 
years  back  Entomology  in  England  was 
2 B 


186  THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


unnaturally  buoyant,  so  now  it  is  de- 
pressed in  a corresponding  degree. 

Many  entomologists,  though  still  con- 
sidered such,  are  also  sufiFering  from 
listlessness  and  langour  consequent  on 
the  same  reaction. 

Just  at  present,  in  the  political  world, 
there  is  considerable  reaction  against  any 
new  Reform  Bill,  and  a wise  Minister 
would  bow  to  this  expression  of  popular 
opinion,  and  abstain  from  forcing  on  a 
reluctant  country  that  to  which  people 
are  so  indifferent. 

The  bulk  of  the  readers  of  the  ‘ In- 
telligencer’ were  apathetic  as  to  its 
continuance,  and  hence  it  ceases  to 
appear. 


The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intel- 
LiGENCEE  may  be  obtained 
Wholesale  of  E.  Newman,  9 Devon- 
shire Street,  Bishopsgate,  and  of 
W.  Kent  & Co.  51  & 62  Pater- 
noster Row. 


All  communications  to  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  H.  T.  Statnton,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham, near  London,  S. E . No  notice 
will  he  taken  of  anonymous  communica- 
tions. 


Exchange. — The  charge  for  lists  of 
duplicates  and  desiderata  remains  as 
before — 

s.  d. 

Under  half  a column  ...  0 6 
Above  half  a column,  but 

under  half  a page  ...  1 0 

Above  half  a page,  but  under 

a page 2 0 

Correspondents  will  therefore  please  en- 
close stamps  for  these  amounts  when 


they  send  notices  which  belong  to  the 
heading  of  “Exchange.” 


Change  of  Address. — My  address 
is  now  as  follows: — G.  Keen,  17,  Avoca 
Place,  Thornton  Street,  Walworth. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteea. 

Dianthcecia  Larvce. — Early  in  July  my 
Dianthcecia  larvae  fever  broke  out  in  full 
force,  and  I visited  our  coast,  bent  on 
work.  The  result  was  I found  Silene 
maritiina  and  5.  infiata  in  plenty,  the 
first  in  profusion,  and  gathered  a good 
pocketful  of  seed-heads  from  each  lo- 
cality; from  these  I am  now  breeding 
Dianthcecia  Capsincola  and  D.  Carpo- 
phaga.  Until  last  week  I was  not  aware 
Carpophaga  was  double-brooded ; the 
species  bred  are  exceedingly  dark. — 

C.  S.  Gregson;  Sept.  2. 

Doings  at  Dover. — Before  commencing 
an  account  of  my  doings  I must  echo 
the  general  remark,  “ What  a scarcity  of 
insects ! ” — I mean  generally,  for,  with 
the  exception  of  a few,  whole  species 
have  disappeared : for  instance,  in  lo- 
calities where  M.  Cinxia  and  P.  Adonis 
were  taken  by  me  in  the  greatest  abun- 
dance last  year  not  a single  representa- 
tive has  this  season  appeared.  On  the 
other  hand,  P.  Corydon,  A.  Eilipendulce 
and  Trifolii  have  made  a respectable 
show.  Among  my  captures  up  to  the 
present  time  I may  include: — E.  Rus- 
sula, on  heathy  localities  ; P.  Serena  and 
Conspersa,  on  railings,  the  former  freely ; 

D.  Velleda,  about  forty,  many  of  the 
specimens,  of  both  sexes,  beautifully 
marked ; T.  Fimhria,  five  one  evening 
and  six  the  next,  at  sugar;  L.  Conigera 
and  Lithargyria,  abundant;  C.  Duplaris 
and  Or,  freely,  especially  the  former ; 
also  two  specimens  of  C.  Fluctuosa. 
Among  the  Geometras,  P.  Tersata  has 
been  very  abundant;  Vitalhata,  tolerably 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


187 


so;  E'.  DofoSran'a,  three  specimens ; A, 
Prunaria,  about  twenty,  including  a few 
good  varieties.  One  day  last  week  I had 
the  good  fortune  to  secure  a good  batch 
of  A.  Gilvaria  (Straw  Belle),  and  at  the 
same  time  five  specimens  of  Ornala,  the 
second  brood  this  year.  On  Saturday 
afternoon  last  I took  a ramble,  with  the 
‘Intelligencer’  in  my  pocket,  and  was 
just  reading  your  remarks  about  Colias 
Edusa,  when  I had  the  pleasure  of  be- 
holding, I should  think,  a score  or  two 
flying  about  a clover  field : I captured 
nine  only,  for  they  flew,  I believe,  swifter 
than  ever,  or  I should  have  netted  more. 
I have  lately  been  to  some  trouble  and 
expense  in  getting  up  beds  of  white 
Petunias,  for  the  benefit  of  the  grand- 
children of  some  of  my  deceased  friends, 
with  whom  I made  acquaintance  the 
year  before  last — I mean  S.  Convolvuli — 
to  the  number  of  seventy  (what  a Goth 
some  will  think  me!) ; but  I am  content 
to  be  called  a Goth,  for  1 have  enjoyed 
as  much  pleasure  and  excitement  from 
netting  S.  Convolvuli,  during  the  time, 
as  I have  from  a day’s  shooting  or  hunt- 
ing. They  are  noble  fellows  on  the  wing, 
darting  hither  and  thither,  and  even  when 
you  have  them  in  the  net,  what  with  their 
strength  and  dislike  of  imprisonment, 
they  are  a little  trouble  to  handle.  Up 
to  the  present  time  I have  taken  only 
two,  fine  females,  in  beautiful  condition. 
Since  writing  the  above  I have  had  this 
evening  a stroll  > round  my  Petunia 
beds.  I saw  three  at  once  on  one  bed. 
I captured  one,  missed  another,  and 
another  escaped  from  my  net;  so  that 
j the  grandchildren  are  putting  in  an  ap- 
I pearance.  A correspondent,  in  the  last 
week’s  ‘ Intelligencer,’  says  one  must  not 
expect  to  eat  the  cake  and  have  it,  which 
is  true ; but  I beg  to  say  that  the  year 
before  last  I threw  out  of  my  net  many 
female  specimens  of  N.  Convolvuli,  and 
males  too,  that  were  not  good  enough  for 
a cabinet.  I shall  feel  great  pleasure  in 
giving  any  information  to  gentlemen 


respecting  the  localities  for  insects  here- 
abouts.— Sa  MDEL  Stonestreet,  R.E.D., 
Buckland,  Dover. 

Captures  near  Woolwich. — 

May  25.  B.Taminata.  Rather  com- 
mon at  Darenth. 

June  1.  M.  Euphorbiata.  Do. 

P.  Octomaculalis.  Do. 

6.  D.  Mendica,  female.  Common  on 
grassy  banks. 

10.  M.  Brunnea. 

M.  Triangulum.  Bred  from  larvae 
feeding  on  all  sorts  of  plants ; middle  of 
April. 

15.  0.  Rubidata. 

P.  Lacertinaria. 

18.  S.  Pavonia-minor.  A quantity  of 
larvae  on  blackthorn, — all  spun  up  by  end 
of  July, — at  Darenth. 

B.  Consortaria.  Common  at  rest  on 
oaks,  but  rather  passe,  at  do. 

T.  Extersaria.  By  beating,  at  do. 

E.  Lunaria.  Do. 

A.  Luteata.  Do. 

A.  Ulmata.  Do. 

E.  Fuscula.  At  rest  and  flying  in  the 
hot  sunshine.  Do. 

H.  W-latinum.  On  palings, 

A.  Triplasia.  At  flowers,  and  again 
in  August. 

21.  M.  Procellata. 

M.  Albicillata.  Rather  common. 

22.  P.  Statices.  Do.,  at  Hollingbury 
Hill,  near  Brighton. 

P.  Globulariae.  Do.,  do. 

P.  Alsus.  Do.,  do. 

July  4.  D.  Pinastri.  At  sugar. 

A.  Ligustri.  Do. 

P.  Glaucinalis.  Do. 

5.  T.  Fimbria.  Bred  a number  from 
larvre  on  birch  ; end  of  April. 

N.  Baja.  Do.,  on  all  sorts  of  plants ; 
do. 

8.  L.  Salicis.  Larvae  and  pupae  in 
great  numbers  on  weeping  willow. 

L.  Straminea.  Amongst  reeds,  Green- 
wich Marshes. 

15.  M.  Literosa.  Common  at  sugar. 

O.  Upsilon,  Do, 


188 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


C.  Ligniperda.  Common,  at  rest  on 
willows. 

C.  Affiuis.  Bred  from  larvse  on  elm  ; 
June  8. 

26.  A.  Nigricans.  At  sugar. 

A.  Aquilina.  Do. 

5.  Morpheus.  Do. 

P.  Fimbrialis.  Do. ; also  at  light. 

27.  G.  Papilionaria. 

P.  Serena.  At  rest  on  palings,  and 
also  at  flowers  of  ragwort. 

31.  N.  Phragmitidis.  Common 
amongst  reeds  and  long  grass ; Green- 
wich Marshes. 

August  4.  D.  Carpophaga.  Common 
on  Silene  inflata  at  Brighton. 

6.  D.  Cucubali.  Do.;  on  do. 

D.  Capsincola.  Do.,  do. 

12.  A.  Fibrosa. 

N.  Bella.  Common  at  sugar. 

N.  Umbrosa.  Do. 

C.  Diffinis.  On  elm. 

S.  Ocellatus.  Larva  common  in  osier 
beds. 

C.  Vinula.  Do. 

H.  PersicarisB.  Do.  on  Convolvulus. 
—A.  H.  J. 

A Trip  to  Sherwood  Forest. — 1 have 
lately  paid  a visit  to  this  most  beautiful 
and  interesting  piece  of  old  English 
forest-land,  some  twenty-five  miles  from 
here,  fifteen  of  which  can  be  traversed 
by  rail ; the  rest  is  through  a richly  cul- 
tivated country,  the  road  on  each  side 
being  lined  with  autumn  flowers.  Here 
the  small  Copper  was  in  full  force  on 
almost  every  flower:  whilst  observing 
their  rapid  motions  I was  startled  by  the 
appearance  of  a black  and  white  speci- 
men amongst  the  rest.  My  net  was  fast 
in  my  carpet  bag,  and  to  have  got  it  out 
would  have  taken  an  age ; I struck  at  it 
with  my  hat,  and  down  went  the  rag- 
wort flower  upon  which  the  little  gem 
was  seated;  after  a sharp  struggle,  I 
managed  to  box  and  chloroform  it:  it 
proved  to  be  a fine  variety  of  the  small 
Copper,  quite  black  and  white ; at  the  base 
the  wings  are  beautifully  shaded  with 


green  and  orange  when  the  sun  shines 
upon  them.  Upon  my  arrival  I found  in- 
sects quite  as  plentiful  as  1 have  usually 
seen  them  here.  The  following  are  the 
principal  of  my  captures  at  sugar  during 
the  three  nights  I staid  : — Fulvago,  Py- 
ramidea,  Cespitis,  Diluta,  Hehraica,  Pro- 
tea, Dahlii,  Angularia,  Dubitata,  &c. 
The  nights  were  quite  starlight,  and  not 
at  all  good  for  sugar,  yet  moths  swarmed 
one  night.  Gentlemen  will  find  good 
accommodation  at  the  “Jug  and  Glass’’ 
Inn ; there  is  also  a gentleman  living 
here  (Mr.  Tudsbury)  who  takes  an  inte- 
rest in  showing  the  different  localities  in 
the  Forest. — W.  Thomas,  Tom  Cross 
Lane,  Sheffield ; Sept.  1. 

Hymenopteea. 

Sirex  Gigas. — A few  days  ago  I cap- 
tured a pair  of  this  insect  while  in  cop. 
on  the  outer  framework  of  my  sitting- 
room  window.  They  remained  in  the 
same  interesting  position  for  ten  or 
twelve  minutes  after  being  made  pri- 
soners, and  during  the  next  two  days  the 
female  laid  about  three  dozen  eggs, 
which  have  already  begun  to  hatch. 
J shall  be  glad  to  send  them  to  any 
hymenopterist  who  may  wish  to  try  and 
rear  them.  There  is  a fir  plantation  in 
sight  from  the  window  on  which  I took 
the  insects. — J.  H.  Geeen,  Heatherdon, 
Torquay;  Sept.  2, 


OBSERVATIONS. 

Colias  Edusa. — I was  surprised  to  see 
in  the  last  number  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ 
that  only  one  specimen  of  C.  Edusa  had 
been  seen  in  Devonshire,  for  in  this 
neighbourhood  they  are  almost  as  abun- 
dant as  they  were  in  1859.  I saw  one 
as  early  as  July  22nd.  I have  not  yet 
seen  Helice,  whereas  in  1859  I took  eight 
specimens.  I have  a great  number  of 
duplicates  of  C.  Edusa. — A.  J.  Richard- 
son, Farlinglon  Rectory,  Havant. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


189 


Eupilhecia  Larva;. — Permit  me  to  ask 
Mr.  C.  S.  Gregson,  .the  President  of  the 
Northern  Entomological  Society,  upon 
what  grounds  his  assumption  that  by 
feeding  a Eupilhecia  larva  upon  sallow — 
its  known  food  being  yarrow — the  iusect 
produced  might  be  changed  from  red  to 
white,  and  whether,  through  his  long  ex- 
perience, he  has  observed  such  a change 
to  lake  place,  because  such  a fact,  sup- 
ported by  positive  data,  would  be  ex- 
tremely interesting.  I do  not  pretend 
to  discuss  the  question  whether  E.  Sue- 
cenluriata  and  Sabfulvata  be  one  and 
the  same  species ; this  I leave  to  more 
able  and  experienced  entomologists.  I 
have  at  this  moment  a few  ova  of  Sub- 
fulvata,  and  if  the  laivte  hatch  I may 
probably  risk  the  lives  of  two  or  three  to 
pul  Mr.  Gregson’s  theory  to  the  test. — 
H.  D’Oevelle,  Alphington,  near  Exeter ; 
Sept.  3. 


EXCHANGE. 

Colias  Edusa. — I have  a number  of 
specimens  of  this  insect,  of  both  sexes, 
with  which  I shall  be  glad  to  supply  any 
one  requiring  them,  in  exchange  for 
other  Lepidoptera.  My  desiderata  are 
very  numerous.  I should  prefer  if  per- 
sons wishing  to  exchange  would  write 
first. — T.  W.  Lang,  66,  Lambeth  Ter- 
race, Bouge  Bouillon,  Jersey. 

JDupiicate  Lepidoptera. — I have  dupli- 
cates of  the  following  ; — 

C.  Edusa  (24) 

*A.  Crataegi  (1) 

H.  Hyperanthus  (22) 

A.  Selene  (7) 

♦M.  Alhalia  (4) 

A.  Paphia  (1) 

A.  Lonicerae  (3) 

*A.  Trifolii  (6) 

A.  Filipendulae  (4) 

S.  Ligustri  (2) 

Populi  (1) 


T.  Tipuliformis  (4) 

H.  Hectus  (30) 

M.  Miniata  fl) 

T.  Batis  (2) 

N.  Plecta  (4) 

*E.  Fuscula  (4) 

O.  Sambucata  (4) 

V.  Maculata  (1) 

B.  Eepandata  (6) 

L.  Miaria  (2) 

H.  Progemmaria  (8) 

B.  Perla(l) 

M.  Alchemillata  (4) 

H.  Nymphteata  (2) 

S.  Clathrata  (2) 

E.  Bipunctaria  (12) 

C.  Forfichllus  (2) 

Phibalocera  Qiiercella 

With  the  exception  of  those  marked *  * 
all  the  above  are  in  good  condition.  My 
wants  being  too  numerous  to  mention, 
applicants  had  better  write  first. — H.  R. 
Cox,  10,  Thurlow  Villas,  West  Duhvich, 
S. 


AMATEUR  DEALERS. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer.’ 

Sir, — Most  of  your  readers  will  regret 
the  turn  which  the  discussion  about 
“Amateur  Dealers  ” has  taken  ; the  real 
culprits  are  escaping  observation  while 
your  pages  are  occupied  with  personal 
recriminations. 

In  opening  the  correspondence  Mr. 
Hawley’s  object  was  to  expose  mean 
selfishness,  to  show  up  the  “ dog  in  the 
manger  ” spirit,  the  intention  of  those  of 
whom  he  wrote  evidently  being  to  anni- 
hil^.te  the  species  in  that  locality,  so  that 
others  might  not  obtain  it,  and  thus 
increase  the  value  of  their  own  specimens. 
Ou  the  contrary,  Mr.  Birchall’s  object 
was  to  secure  a large  number  of  speci- 
mens, to  enable  him  to  supply  not  only 


190 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


his  friends,  but  the  whole  entomological 
community  ; the  former  motive  miserably 
contemptible,  the  latter  praiseworthy, 
and  demanding  our  warmest  thanks. 
The  practice  of  sending  children  to  col- 
lect iraagos  of  lepidopterous  insects 
cannot  be  approved,  as  at  least  one-half 
of  those  so  captured  must  be  more  or 
less  injured,  but  it  does  not  follow  because 
thirty  were  seen  collecting  that  all  were 
sent  by  Mr.  Birchall,  the  young  gentle- 
man with  the  pickle-bottle  to  wit.  By 
the  way,  how  did  Mr.  Gregson  ascertain 
the  exact  number  of  thirty-five  dozen  in 
the  said  pickle-bottle  ? However  that 
may  be,  we  all  know  and  have  long 
known  Mr.  Birchall’s  disregard  of  trouble 
and  expense,  so  that  he  can  procure  spe- 
cimens for  gratuitous  dislributiou  ; many 
of  us  are  able  in  consequence  to  rejoice 
in  good  series  of  not  only  N.  zonaria, 
but  also  of  Z.  minos,  B.  Bankiana  and 
others.  On  this  point  Mr.  Birchall  is 
infinitely  beyond  the  reach  of  the  in- 
sinuations of  Mr.  Gregson  or  any  other 
man. 

Mr.  Hawley,  my  old  friend  and  col- 
lecting companion  through  many  a sunny 
day  and  dewy  night,  seems  to  have 
become  horrified  at  the  “ wholesale 
slaughter”  chronicled  in  the  ‘Intelli- 
gencer.’ Now  persons  who  live  in  glass 
houses  should  not  throw  stones.  Does 
he  not  recollect  those  halcyon  days,  now 
more  than  twenty-five  years  ago,  when 
we  used  to  return  home  together,  exulting 
in  long  rows  of  Triphmna  fimbria,  and 
anxious  beyond  all  expression  to  know 
whether  we  had  been  more  successful 
than  our  competitors,  Keid  and  the  Rev. 
F.  0.  Morris,  both  of  whom  were  at  that 
time  vigorous  enough  to  give  the  young 
oaks  in  which  Fimbria  rested  most  sturdy 
shakings,  but  limes  are  changed,  and  so 
are  we. 


Much  has  been  said  about  exchange  ; 
it  aiipears  to  me  to  be  of  two  kinds,  but 
which  have  been  confounded  by  some  of 
your  correspondents.  If  a friend  writes 
to  me  for  insects  which  he  knows  I pos- 
sess in  duplicate,  and  requests  I will  in 
return  mention  some  that  would  be 
acceptable  to  me,  that  he  may  not  have 
to  send  back  my  box  empty,  I hold  that 
we  make  a gentlemanly  exchange.  On 
the  other  hand,  mere  collectors  and 
dealers  pursue  the  practice  now  carried 
on  through  the  pages  of  the  ‘ Intelli- 
gencer,’ and  which  is  best  conveyed  by 
the  term  barter,  a word  not  found  in  the 
vocabulary  of  the  naturalist. 

While  I am  on  paper  allow  me  to 
offer  a suggestion  through  your  pages, 
namely,  that  more  attention  be  paid  to 
obtaining  and  distributing  the  ova  of 
Lepidopterous  insects,  and  thus  avoid 
the  necessity  for  the  wholesale  capture  of 
local  species.  A still  greater  advantage 
arises  from  rearing  from  the  egg  : every 
collector  obtaining  his  specimens  in  this 
manner  necessarily  becomes  acquainted 
with  their  habits  and  transformations, 
and  thus  an  amount  of  knowledge  and 
enjoyment  is  obtained  which  it  is  next 
to  impossible  to  acquire  in  any  other  way. 
At  present  there  is  too  eager  desire  to 
possess  collections  without  a knowledge 
of  the  habits  of  the  insects  represented. 
Better  far"  to  be  a field  naturalist,  search- 
ing out  and  following  after  the  wonders 
of  insect  life,  without  either  cabinet  or 
specimen,  than  to  go  with  the  present 
eager  crowd  in  its  wild  desire  for  “ sets  ” 
and  “ series.’’ 

Yours,  >Scc., 

Geoege  Gascoyne. 
Newark ; August  31. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ‘Intelligencer.' 

Sir,  — Much  has  been  written  of  late 
respecting  the  doings  of  amateur  dealers, 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCEK. 


191 


one  writer  exposing  the  bad,  the  other 
telling  us  of  the  good,  done  by  his 
neighbour  or  friend.  I am  going  to 
speak  of  what  I,  in  common  with  others, 
think  to  be  a great  evil,  and  must  in  the 
end  tend  to  bring  disgrace  on  our 
science,  or,  in  other  words,  cause  those 
who  rejoice  in  the  name  of  naturalist  to 
wish  they  belonged  to  some  other  class. 

During  this  last  season  some  amateurs 
in  town,  having  some  gold  to  spare,  and 
perhaps  not  caring  to  be  immersed  up 
to  their  neck  in  mud,  or  not  wishing  to 
catch  that  fearful  disease,  ague,  or  be 
subjected  to  the  fearful  fogs  which  so 
generally  prevail  in  the  marshes,  sent 
agents  down  to  explore  those  marshes 
and  the  Norfolk  coast.  Now,  these 
gentlemen  are  not  to  blame  for  doing 
what  they-supposed  to  be  for  their  own 
good  and  the  good  of  others.  But  I 
will  come  at  once  to  the  point,  and  leave 
you  and  your  readers  to  judge  how  far 
my  argument  is  worth  being  used. 

A person  made  his  appearance  lately 
in  the  fens.  He  stated  that  his  object 
was  to  collect  specimens  in  Natural  His- 
tory for  gentlemen  in  London,  &c.  A 
few  days  after  he  was  seen  at  Great 
Yarmouth,  with  net  and  bottle.  At  last 
he  left  there,  but  no  one  knew  where  he 
had  gone.  He  had  paid  his  bills  like  a 
gentleman.  I had  occasion  to  pay  a visit 
to  the  town  of  Hull  and  other  places,  for 
the  purpose  of  collecting,  when  I hap- 
pened to  meet  with  this  individual.  He 
had  with  him  a box  of  insects,  which  at 
the  time  I saw  him  was  undergoing  the 
Custom  House  authorities’  search.  I 
was  informed  that  he  had  come  from 
Hamburg.  He  was  not  aware  that  I 
was  a collector,  and  I did  not  at  the  time 
take  any  notice.  It  is  only  right  for  me 
to  say  that  I saw  a large  number  of 
insects,  Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera,  all 


set  in  the  English  manner.  Shortly 
after  this,  on  my  way  home,  I again 
fell  in  with  this  person.  He  was  on  the 
way  to  Yarmouth.  While  travelling  we 
conversed  upon  various  subjects,  but 
nothing  was  said  about  insects.  On  our 
arrival  at  Yarmouth  a lady  was  waiting 
to  see  him,  and  they  went  away  together. 
A day  or  two  after  I called  on  a friend 
who  had  bought  a pair  of  Antiopa  said 
to  have  been  caught  at  Hickling.  The 
gentleman  in  question  is  not  a collector, 
but  the  insect  being,  as  he  said,  so  gay, 
and  never  having  seen  one  like  it  before, 
he  bought  a pair ; and  he  told  me  who 
he  had  bought  them  of.  Afterwards  I 
saw  the  same  lady  and  gentleman  in  a 
railway  carriage  in  which  I rode  to 
Beccles,  from  which  station,  at  11.15 
A.M.,  they  proceeded,  with  their  luggage, 
as  I believe  to  London. 

Now,  as  Antiopa  was  sold,  and  as  I 
distinctly  saw  Machaon,  Edusa,  Latho- 
nia  (2),  and  several  others,  I may  perhaps 
be  deemed  not  uncharitable  in  supposing 
they  will  be  passed  off  on  some  indivi- 
dual, and  perhaps  exchanged  as  British 
by  the  so-called  amateur  dealers.  I wish, 
injustice  to  a brother  collector  who  re- 
sides out  of  London  some  little  distance, 
and  who  I am  informed  visited  the  fens, 
not  to  think  that  these  remarks  are  meant 
to  apply  to  him,  as  I can  most  faithfully 
tell  him  that  he  is  not  the  individual  re- 
ferred to. 

My  object  in  writing  this  is  to  put 
gentlemen  on  their  guard,  should  any  at- 
tempt be  made  to  impose  on  them  the 
so-called  Norfolk  insects. 

Should  any  one  feel  himself  injured 
by  this  exposure,  I shall  be  happy  to 
answer,  either  privately  or  publicly,  any 
letter  on  the  subject. 

I am.  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

W.  Winter. 

Aldeby,  Sept.  3.  1861. 


192 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


ESSAI  MONOGRAPHIQUE  SUE  LE 
GENRE  GOLEOPHORA. 

(Notes  on  Monsieur  Bruand  D' Uzetle's 
paper  in  the  ‘ Annales  de  la  Societi 
Ent.  de  France,  1859.) 

(Continued  from  p.  184.) 

8.  Parmeliella.  Undoubtedly  our  Pari- 
pennella ; Monsieur  Bi  uand  was,  how- 
ever, unacquainted  with  the  feeding  Itn  a 
and  its  voluminously  flounced  case ; he 
had  found  only  the  grown-up  larva  on 
the  trunk  of  a tree  on  lichens  (Parmelia), 
and  hence  the  name  Parmeliella. 

9.  Balloticolella.  Our  well-known  Li- 
neolea  from  the  Ballota  nigra.  The 
following  observation  is,  however,  of 
interest,  as  here  we  have  never  observed 
the  larva  on  Teucrium. 

“ The  larva  constructs  its  case  with 
the  leaves  of  Ballota  nigra,  the  plant  on 
which  it  generally  feeds;  however, under 
necessity ,'it  feeds  also  ou  Teucrium  Scoro- 
donia,  on  which  plant  I have  only  found 
it  two  or  three  times,  whereas  I have 
met  with  it  eight  or  ten  times  on  the 
Ballota. 

10.  Ballotella.  I have  some  doubts 
whether  this  is  the  true  Ballotella ; the 
peculiar  structure  of  the  antennae  of 
Ballotella  not  being  noticed.  “ The  an- 
tennae are  annulated  with  whitish  and 
brown,  with  the  two  first  joints  swollen 
and  showing  a little  tuft  of  very  short 
hair.”  Not  a word  about  tbe  long  hair- 
like scales  which  clothe  the  back  of  the 
antennae  nearly  to  the  middle.  Besides 
he  says  nothing  of  the  curved  tip  of  the 
case  of  the  larva,  and  his  figure  repre- 
seuts  it  quite  straight.  The  food-plant 
also  is  peculiar.  “In  contrast  to  Bal- 
loticolella this  species  is  almost  always 
found  on  Teucrium  Scorodonia,  and  is 
only  accidentally  and  very  rarely  met 


with  on  Ballota,  at  least  near  Besanqon. 
Hence  it  would  seem  to  make  use  of  this 
latter  plant,  if  needful,  ^ust  as  the  larva 
of  Balloticolella  can,  if  necessary,  feed  on 
the  Teucrium.  For,  in  tbe  localities 
where  I collect  both  species,  and  where 
both  the  plants  grow,  I have  been 
able  to  corroborate  this  fact  during  ten 
years.” 

Is  there  a ZeMcriam-feeding  species  at 
present  unknown  to  us  ? Teucrium  Sco- 
rodonia abounds  in  all  woods,  but  I never 
yet  saw  a Coleophora  on  it. — H.  T.  S. 


Entomological  books  for 

SALE.— 

Rev.  F.  0.  Morris’s  ‘ British  Butter- 
flies,’ 15s. 

Do.  ‘ British  Moths,’  parts  1 to  8,  at 
Is.  6d.  each. 

‘ Tbe  Zoologist’  for  1860,  10s. 

‘The  Entomologist’s  Weekly  Intelli- 
gencer,’ vol.  iv.,  2s.  6d. ; vols.  vi.,  vii. 
and  viii.  at  3s.  each. 

‘The  Entomologist’s  Annual’  for  1855, 
1858,  1859,  1860  and  1861,  at  Is.  9d. 
each. 

Shield’s  ‘ Practical  Hints,’  2s. 

The  above  are  tbe  property  of  a gentle- 
man going  abroad,  and  are  all  as  good 
as  new,  with  the  exception  of  the  ‘ Ento- 
mologists’ Intelligencer,’  vol.  iv.  They 
are  all  in  the  publisher’s  covers. 

Address,  “X.  Y.  Z.,”  Box  F.  1.  Gene- 
ral Post  Office,  Liverpool. 


Nou!  publishing, 

A NATURAL  HISTORY 
OF  BRITISH  MOTHS,  with 
coloured  figures  of  every  Species.  In 
Monthly  Parts,  two  shillings  each,  con- 
taining, on  the  average,  figures  of  thirty 
species. 

Parts  9, 10, 11, 12  and  13  are  now  ready. 
Parts  14  and  15  will  be  ready  in  a few 
days.  Part  15  contains  figures  of  fifty-one 
species,  including  the  whole  of  the  Genus 
Eupitheda,  with  the  two  newly-discovered 
British  species,  trisignata  and  tripunc- 
tata. 

London : Longman  & Co.,  Paternoster 
Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
jiate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. ~ Saturday,  September  14, 1861» 


THE  EMTOMOLOGrST^S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  259.]  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  21,  1861.  [Peicb  Id. 


©ntomolo  gist’s  WUt^lid 
Ittttlligtnctr 

WILL 

NOT  BE  CONTIKTIJED 

AFTER  THE  CLOSE  OF 

THE  PRESENT  VOLUME. 


WOLVES. 

Wolves  are  no  longer  found  in  Eng- 
land: some  thousand  years  or  so  ago 
they  were  not  uncommon ; but  they 
were  pursued  so  incessantly,  and  were 
so  relentlessly  slaughtered,  that  in  time 
the  last  English  wolf  gave  up  the 
ghost,  and  now  if  we  want  to  see  a 
live  wolf  we  must  go  to  the  Zoological 
Gardens. 

We  lately  heard  that  insects  are 
much  commoner  in  Ireland  than  here. 
Entomologists  westward  of  St.  George’s 
Channel  are  scarce,  and  hence  insects, 
being  less  pursued  and  less  persecuted, 
have  opportunities  which  they  have  not 
here  of  “ increasing  and  multiplying.” 
We  know  that  the  Dodo  has  become 
extinct  by  the  agency  of  man ; it  is 
feared  that  the  Apteryx  will  soon  share 
a similar  fate,  and  it  is  historically 


known  that  wolves  have  been  exter- 
minated on  British  ground;  it  would 
now  seem  that  some  similar  catastrophe 
is  impending  over  our  insects. 

It  may  be  urged  that  wolves  are 
so  much  larger  than  insects,  and  their 
destruction  was  of  so  much  greater 
importance  to  man,  that  no  argument 
based  on  the  fact  of  wolves  having 
been  exterminated  would  be  at  all 
applicable  to  insects;  but  what  do  we 
find?  The  slaughter  of  birds — whole- 
sale and  indiscriminate  slaughter  — is 
telling  upon  their  numbers  (witness 
the  recent  numerous  letters  in  the 
‘Times’),  and  the  slaughter  of  every 
individual  specimen  of  a rare  insect 
that  is  met  with  {Cerura  bicuspis,  to 
wit)  must  tend  to  scarcify  (if  we  may 
coin  the  word)  that  species,  and 
eventually  will  effect  its  extermina- 
tion. 

When  it  is  too  late  regrets  will  be 
numerous  and  loud,  but  they  will  then 
be  unavailing.  We  were  lately  asked 
why  should  not  horticulturists  culti- 
vate insects  as  they  do  flowers.  A 
score  or  two  of  Vanessa  lo  and  UrtiecB 
would  add  to  the  beauty  of  a bed  of 
China  asters.  Why  not  cultivate  these 
handsome  Rhopalocera  ? 

2 c 


194 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

W.  A.  L. — See  ‘ Intelligencer,’  vol.  ii. 
p.  82,  for  Dr.  Hagen’s  recipe  for  pre- 
paring dragon-flies  for  the  cabinet. 

C.  C. — All  the  back  numbers  of  the 
‘ Intelligencer  ’ can  still  be  had  to  com- 
plete series;  apply  direct  to  the  editor. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Vanessa  Antinpa. — On  Thursday,  the 
11th  instant,  I had  the  pleasure  of  cap- 
turing a fine  male  specimen  of  this  in- 
sect, near  Coldstream  ; it  is  quite  perfect. 
I saw  it  first  in  a garden  ; it  settled  upon 
an  old  post,  where,  to  my  great  delight, 
it  fell  a victim  to  my  net.  I may  here 
mention  that,  about  the  14th  of  June,  I 
took  one  specimen  of  A.  Minos,  flying 
with  A.  FilipendulcB,  in  this  locality. — 
W.  Ed wAEDs,  Lees,  Coldstream ; Sept.  1 4. 

Colias  Edusa. — Edusahas  shown  her- 
self in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Since  August 
21st  my  son  has  taken  nineteen  speci- 
mens there.  He  also  found  Botys fiavalis 
very  abundant,  being  more  fortunate  than 
a professional  collector  on  the  island, 
who  complains  in  your  columns  that 
this  species  had  not  appeared  at  all  — 
T.  Chapman,  Glasgow ; Sept.  4. 

Colias  Edusa. — In  reference  to  your 
inquiry  about  this  species,  I may  state 
that  I saw  one  specimen,  which  was 
taken  on  the  cliff  on  the  north  of  Herne 
Bay,  in  August.  It  was  captured  with 
the  hand  by  a Blue-Coat  boy,  and  given 
by  him  to  two  other  youths,  who  had  just 
before  told  me  and  my  friend,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Hilton  (with  whom  I was  walking 
along  the  cliffs  at  that  place),  that  they 
had  seen  two  or  three  specimens  while 
following, us;  but  we  did  not  notice  one 
ourselves.  At  the  same  time  and  place 
I captured  two  fine  specimens  of  Aspi- 
lalcs  Citraria.  — Rev.  F.  0.  Mobris, 


Nunburnholme  Rectory,  Hayton,  York; 
Sept.  9. 

Heliotliis  Peltigera. — On  the  lOlh  inst. 
I was  sugaring  for  Agathina  on  our 
Moss,  and  only  two  moths  came  to  my 
bait;  one  was  Peltigera,  the  other  il/a- 
mestra  Oleracea — a queer  time  for  the 
latter  species. — J.  B.  Hodgkinson,  Pen- 
wortham  Mill,  near  Preston. 

Heliothis  Peltigera. — The  larva  of  this 
species  has  been  taken  in  numbers  this 
season  on  Whitsand  Downs,  feeding  on 
Hyoscyamus,hvit  although  I have  searched 
well  on  that  plant  and  on  Ononis  I have 
not  found  any. — J.  S.  Dell,  Morice 
Town,  Devonport;  Sept.  9. 

Captures  near  Brighton. — Of  Cynthia 
Cardui  I took  one  specimen  only,  but 
missed  two  others,  and  have  not  the  least 
doubt  plenty  more  are  to  be  obtained  in 
the  same  spot.  I have  taken  three  Colias 
Edusa;  they  are  very  plentiful  on  a 
railway  embankment  near  here,  but  are 
exceedingly  difficult  to  capture,  from  the 
steepness  of  the  earthworks.  I shall  be 
very  happy  to  shovv  the  localities  for 
both  species  to  any  gentleman  who  will 
call  on  me  here,  but  I do  not  intend  to 
point  it  out  to  many,  for  fear  of  their 
exterminating  the  species. — Heney  E. 
Davis,  28,  Regency  Square,  Brighton. 

Butterflies  at  Plymouth. — We  of  Ply- 
mouth have  not  found  a very  great  dimi- 
nution in  the  number  of  summer  butter- 
flies, and  with  regard  to  autumn  species 
they  are  as  plentiful  as  in  former  years. 
On  the  9th  inst.  we  saw  Colias  Edusa 
flying  by  dozens. — S.  G.  R.,  Plymouth; 
Sept.  11. 

Captures  near  Yarmouth. — I met  with 
Cynthia  Cardui  here  on  the  23rd  of  J une 
and  again  on  the  19th  of  August.  I am 
now  breeding  M.  Stellatarum  from  larvae 
found  on  Galium  verum.  Larvae  of  A. 
Megacephala  are  by  no  means  uncommon 
here  on  poplar.  Agrotis  Valligera  and 
Cursoria  have  occurred  in  plenty  on  the 
sand-hills.  Of  Praecox  I have  taken  but 
six  specitnens,  and  those  not  at  all  in 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


195 


good  condition.  Eubolia  Lineolata  is 
excessively  abundant  on  the  Denes,  and 
the  larvae  may  be  freely  collected  feeding 
on  Galium  verum. — W.  H.  Harwood, 
14,  King  Street,  Great  Yarmouth. 

Captures  in  the  South  of  England. — I 
have  great  pleasure  in  reporting  my  cap- 
tures during  my  second  visit  this  year  to 
the  South.  I was  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Leigh,  a fellow  entomologist. 

L.  Helveola.  Of  this  pretty  species  I 
beat  ten  specimens  out  of  the  yew  trees 
on  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Box 
Hill. 

D.  Falcataria.  One  specimen  of  this, 
apparently  just  emerged  from  the  pupa, 
turned  up  on  palings  near  Box  Hill. 

D.  Unguicula.  A fine  specimen  re- 
warded a long  search  on  Box  Hill. 

T.  Batis.  This  species  was  common 
at  sugar  about  Reigate. 

A.  Aceris.  Took  a fine  fat  larva  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  which  spun  at  once, 
in  a most  obliging  manner. 

A.  Pyramidea.  This  insect  came  to 
sugar  at  Reigate. 

P.  .Enea.  Taken  flying  on  the  chalk 
hills  at  Reigate. 

E.  Fuscantaria.  This  species  I took 
at  light  in  the  Red-Hill  Station.  It 
served  to  repay  me  for  a most  profitless 
day  at  Brighton. 

E.  Erosaria.  Taken,  by  beating,  on 
Mickleham  Downs. 

E.  Angularia.  Occurred  at  Reigate 
and  in  the  neighbourhood. 

E.  Porata.  Took  a pair  near  Box 
Hill. 

E.  Punctaria.  Took  this  species  at 
Reigate,  flying  with  Omicronaria;  the 
latter  was  common  about  Reigate. 

A.  Ornata.  Took  about  twenty  near 
Reigate  and  Box  Hill.  It  is  not  con- 
fined to  Box  Hill,  but  occurs  all  along 
the  chalk  to  Reigate. 

A.  Gilvaria.  Took  this  species  in  the 
“Hilly  Field”  and  near  Reigate.  It 
also  seems  to  occur  away  from  Box 
Hill. 


L.  Viretata.  Found  this  insect  sitting 
on  palings  at  Reigate. 

M.  Galiata.  Pretty  common  at  Rei- 
gate . 

P.  Lignata  and  Vitalbata.  Both  these 
species  turned  up  at  Reigate. 

S.  Dubitata.  Took  this  in  the  “ Hilly 
Field.” 

E.  Bipuuctaria.  Excessively  abun- 
dant, but  rather  worn,  on  the  chalk- 
hills. 

E.  Lineolata.  Saw  a specimen  of  this 
at  Bembridge,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

P.  Glaucinalis.  Came  to  sugar  at 
Reigate. 

P.  Punicealis.  Pretty  common  near 
Reigate. 

M.  Pinguis.  Took  this  at  Reigate. 

C.  Geniculeus.  Took  several  near  Rei- 
gate. 

T.  Caudana.  Common  near  Reigate. 

H.  Plumbellus.  Several  near  Reigate 

and  Box  Hill. 

C.  Xylostella.  Took  this  near  Reigate. 

Besides  these  I took  a host  of  com- 
moner species,  and  several  of  which,  I 
admit,  I do  not  yet  know  the  names  of. — 
J.  B.  Blackburn  ; Sept.  7. 

Additional  Captures  near  Lewisham. — 
Thinking  a list  of  additional  species  to 
those  recorded  (Intel,  ix.  p.  69),  taken  in 
this  locality  in  1861  might  interest  some 
of  your  readers,  we  subjoin  the  fol- 
lowing:— 

A.  Paphia.  Darenth  Wood ; common. 

S.  Ligustri.  Larv®  on  privet. 

L.  Rubricollis.  Larvae  common  on  fir. 

P.  Monacha.  Bred  from  larva  on  oak 

at  Darenth. 

E.  Fasciaria.  Bred. 

P.  Syringaria.  Mothing  in  garden. 

S.  Lunaria  (1).  A female  at  Lewis- 
ham, mothing,  from  which  we  obtained 
a fine  batch  of  eggs. 

E.  Tiliaria.  At  light. 

E.  Angularia.  Palings,  beating,  &c. ; 
not  common. 

M.  Liturata.  Amongst  fir  at  West 
Wickham. 


196 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


N.  Pulveraria.  Cotnmon  at  Shooter’s 
Hill  Wood. 

A.  Ulmata.  Abbey  Wood. 

L.  Olivata.  Very  common  at  Darenth. 

E.  Unifasciata  (1).  On  a paling  under 

an  elm. 

E.  Castigata.  Abundant  everywhere. 

E.  Subnotata.  Not  scarce  on  palings. 

E.  Expallidata.  At  Darenth  amongst 
ragwort. 

E.  Dodoneata.  We  captured  upwards 
of  eighty  specimens  flying  round  pollard 
oaks,  at  dusk,  in  May  and  June. 

E.  Sobrinata.  Common  on  palings  at 
Blackheath. 

E.  Togata.  We  were  surprised  to  take 
a splendid  specimen  of  this  insect  in 
Burnt-Ash  Lane,  on  the  18th  of  June, 
mothing. 

T.  Variata.  This  appears  to  be  treble- 
brooded.  We  beat  the  larvae  from  fir 
in  March  and  July  (from  which  we  duly 
bred  the  images)  and  again  in  Sep- 
tember. These  last  were  full  fed,  and 
have  since  spun  up.  This,  we  think, 
must  be  conclusive  of  the  existence  of 
three  broods  of  this  insect,  and  not  of 
two,  as  generally  believed. 

T.  Firmaria.  Beating  at  West  Wick- 
ham. 

Y.  Impluviata  (1).  On  an  elder  bush 
in  the  garden. 

M.  Rubiginata.  Mothing. 

C.  Silaceata.  West  Wickham,  middle 
of  August. 

C.  Dotata.  In  garden. 

S.  Comitata.  At  light. 

D.  Falcula.  Darenth,  West  Wick- 
ham, &c. 

N.  Dictaeoides.  Beaten  from  sallow 
at  Darenth. 

N.  Dromedarius.  One  female  at  West 
Wickham,  from  which  we  obtained  about 
forty  eggs. 

N.  Trepida.  Two  {in  cop.)  on  an  oak 
at  West  Wickham;  the  female  kindly 
favoured  us  with  eggs. 

C.  Flavicornis.  West  Wickham,  on 
birch  buds  at  night. 


’ C.  Diluta.  At  sugar. 

A.  Ligustri.  Do.;  West  Wickham. 

A.  Rumicis.  Do. ; Darenth. 

L.  Comma.  Mothing. 

L.  Straminea.  Greenwich  Marshes. 

L.  Phragmitidis.  Do. ; common. 

H.  Micacea.  Abundant  at  sugar  and 
light. 

A.  Ophiogramma.  In  garden  ; mothing. 

M.  Literosa.  Mothing  at  Lewisham, 
and  at  sugar  on  the  Marshes. 

A.  Nigricans.  At  sugar. 

T.  Fimbria.  Do.  at  Darenth.  Larvae 
abundant  on  birch  buds  at  Wickham,  in 
April. 

T.  Piniperda.  A few  larvae  from  fir. 

T.  Rubricosa  (16).  At  sallows. 

T.  Gracilis.  Do. 

T.  Munda.  Do.  and  at  sugar;  some 
very  curious  varieties. 

X.  Citrago.  At  sugar  in  garden. 

X.  Cerago.  Larvae  very  common  in 
April. 

C.  DiflSnis.  Sugar  in  garden. 

P.  Serena.  Common  amongst  flowers 
and  at  sugar. 

A.  Tincta.  Took  about  half-a-dozen 
larvae  off  birch  buds  at  Wickham,  in 
April. 

A.  Genist®.  Sugar;  Abbey  Wood. 

B.  Parthenias.  West  Wickham,  in 
April,  flying  iu  the  sunshine. 

A.  Pyramidea.  Near  Chiselhurst,  at 
sugar. 

B.  Pandalis.  West  Wickham,  by 
beating. 

C.  Phragmitellus  (4).  Mothing  on  the 
Marshes. 

C.  Bistriga  (3).  Mothing. 

M.  Pinguis.  At  light  and  on  ash 
trunks  near  Eltham. 

D.  Hartmanniana.  Palings. 

A. Betulaetana.  Darenth  Wood;  com- 
mon. 

A.  Prselongana  (3).  West  Wickham. 

P.  Campoliliana.  West  Wood;  scarce. 

P.  Immundana.  Darenth  Wood. 

R.  Pinivorana.  Common  amongst  firs 
at  West  Wickham. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


197 


C.  Splendana.  The  larva  is  now  abun- 
dant in  the  fallen  acorns ; these  should 
be  collected  as  soon  as  possible,  as  those 
in  which  the  larvae  are  fall  off  before  the 
sound  ones  are  ripe,  and  are  of  course 
now  much  easier  to  find. 

E.  Nebritana.  Bred  from  larvae  in 
green  peas. 

D.  Plumbagana.  Amongst  flowers 
near  Beckenham. 

S.  Pariana.  On  flowers  of  golden  rod. 

M.  Purpurella.  Abundant  at  West 
Wickham,  by  sweeping  birch. 

M.  Unimaculella.  Do. 

M.  Sparinanella  (8).  Beaten  from  birch 
in  the  same  locality,  on  the  1st  of  May. 

O.  Sparganiella.  A few,  mothing. 

P.  Gibbosella  (2).  Beating  oak  at 
Darenth. 

P.  Rhododactylus.  Mothing  in  garden. 

P.  Trigonodactylus.  Do. 

With  many  others  too  numerous  to 
mention. 

It  may  perhaps  be  interesting  to  notice 
the  great  scarcity  this  year  of  some  of 
the  usually  very  common  Lepidoptera; 
amongst  these  we  may  mention  C.  mor- 
pheus,  Blanda,  Cubicularis,  and  L. 
Adustata,  generally  abundant  here,  whilst 
P.  Aurijlua,  A.  Segetum  and  Exclama. 
tionis,  commonly  pests  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, as  everywhere  else,  were  either 
entirely  absent  or  only  represented  by  a 
single  specimen.  lu  the  early  part  of 
the  season  larvae,  especially  of  Noctuse, 
were  very  abundant,  but  we  have  not 
found  (with  the  exception  of  N.  Xantho- 
grapha)  that  the  images  were  equally 
common,  or  even  so  numerous,  as  usual. 
Though  many  complaints  have  been 
made  this  season  of  the  scarcity  of  Noc- 
luae  at  sugar,  it  has  not  been  so  with  us, 
their  numbers  having  been  in  this  locality 
greatly  superior  to  1860.  On  the  whole, 
it  is  our  opinion  that  this  year  must  be 
considered  as  decidedly  less  productive 
of  insects  than  the  preceding  one,  and 
can  hardly  have  realized  the  hopes  of 


many  who  expected  a favourable  season. 
— C.  & J.  Fenn,  Clyde  Villa,  Lee; 
Sept.  8. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

“ The  Willows.” — Of  all  our  genera 
of  plants  none  probably  furnish  food  to 
the  various  races  of  insect-life  so  abun- 
dantly as  the  willows  {Salices).  Beetles, 
plant-lice,  scale-wings,  sawflies,  gall- 
gnats,  Cynipes — all  come  for  sustenance, 
in  one  stage  or  other  of  existence,  to  the 
willows.  M.  Brez,  in  his  ‘ Flore  des  lo- 
sectophiles,’  enumerates  no  fewer  than 
one  hundred  distinct  species  that  affect 
the  representatives  of  the  genus  Salix. 
Our  Easter  friend  the  “ palm,”  as  we  call 
it  in  the  North  (<S.  capraa),  is  probably 
preyed  upon  more  than  any  one  of  the 
genus.  Leaves,  stem,  root,  branches, 
form  objects  of  interest  and  support  to 
the  insect  community.  Even  now  the 
green  rose-like  tufts  at  the  end  of  the 
shoots,  the  work  of  a little  Cecidomyia, 
are  everywhere  visible,  and  give  beauty 
to  the  branches  on  which  they  are 
formed:  the  leaves,  again,  that  were 
pierced  by  a sawfly  in  the  early  summer, 
give  evidence  of  having  done  their  share 
of  feeding,  by  their  empty  hollow  blisters  ; 
for  the  larva  has  fed  to  the  full,  and  has 
bored  into  the  soil  below  to  wait  till  May 
returns  to  assume  its  winged  period  of 
existence.  I cannot  at  present  identify 
the  sawfly  that  is  instrumental  in  forming 
these  curious  blisters.  The  larva  and 
cocoon  are  all  I at  present  know,  but 
should  our  ‘ Intelligencer  ’ be  in  existence 
another  year, — and  most  sincerely  do  I 
hope  it  will, — I shall  have  pleasure  in 
giving  a fuller  history  than  present  ob- 
servations will  enable  me  to  do.  The 
larva  is  slightly  hairy,  pale  yellow  with 
the  head  blackish,  and  a few  minute 
black  dots  on  the  anal  and  subanal  seg- 
ments. The  cocoon,  which  is  usually  an 
inch  or  two  below  the  surface  of  the 


198 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


soil,  is  of  a shining  brown,  differing  thus 
from  the  pupa-ease  of  the  gooseberry 
sawfly,  which  is  black. — Peter  Inch- 
bald,  Storthes  Hall,  near  Huddersfield  ; 
Sept.  9. 


EXCHANGE. 

Sphinx  Larvce  wanted. — I am  in  want 
of  some  large,  full-grown  larvae  for 
anatomical  investigation,  and  should  be 
very  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  could 
supply  me  with  specimens  of  the  larvae 
of  Sphinx  Ligustri,  Chcerocampa  El- 
penor,  or  any  of  the  Smerinthi. — John 
Lubbock. 

Noctua  Glareosa  and  N.  Dahlii.-. — 
Having  a few  spare  specimens  of  each  of 
the  above,  I shall  be  very  happy  to  re- 
ceive offers  from  any  entomologist ; ova 
and  pupse  will  be  preferred.  — Isaac 
Swindon,  236,  South  Street,  Park,  Shef- 
field. 

Mohotoma  angusticollis. — This  species 
is  the  co-inhabitant  of  a certain  nest  of 
Formica  rufa,  not  far  from  here.  I have 
taken  a long  series,  and  shall  be  happy 
to  send  specimens  to  any  one  in  want 
of  it. — Richakd  Tyrer,  Crouch  End, 
Hornsey  ; Sept.  1 6. 

Exchange. — Bred  specimens  of  Liparis 
Monacha,  also  fertilized  eggs,  for  which 
I shall  be  glad  to  receive  offers, — W. 
Talbot,  Crystal  Place,  Wakefield. 

Duplicates. — I have  several  duplicates 
of  the  following  to  offer  for  exchange : — 
C.  Edusa 
A.  Galathea 
V.  Cardui 
Polychloros 
C-album 
M.  Artemis 
P.  Alsus 
Arion 

S.  Ligustri 

T.  Tipuliforme 
Formiceeforme 

A.  Baumanniana. 


Also  a few  of  the  following: — 

A.  Paphia 
Adippe 
T.  Quercus 
A.  Fibrosa 
E.  Ad  vena  via 
A.  Ornata 
T.  Juniperata. 

With  single  specimens,  or  pairs,  of 
numerous  other  species.  A list  of  deside- 
rata sent  on  application.— J.  Mebein, 
Gloucester. 

Exchange. — I have  duplicates  of  C. 
Flavicornis,  which  I shall  be  glad  to 
exchange.  I can  also,  on  receipt  of  box 
and  return  postage,  send  G.  Haworthana 
to  any  person  who  was  unsuccessful 
with  the  pupsB  I sent  in  the  spring. — 
C.  Campbell,  3,  Vitie  Terrace,  Rochdale 
Road,  Manchester  ; Sept.  9. 

Exchange. — I shall  be  glad  to  ex- 
change any  of  the  following  insects: — 

P.  Stalices, 

S.  Ligustri  (imago  or  pupa), 

A.  Fuliginosa 

E.  Russula 

P.  Minor  (pupae), 

H.  Auroraria, 

F.  Piniaria, 

A.  Myrtilli, 

A.  Porphyrea, 

for  any  of  the  following:  — 

C.  Hyale, 

A.  Crataegi, 

E.  Blandina, 

Cassiope, 

P.  Adonis, 

C.  Ligniperda. 

Parties  not  hearing  from  me  in  six  days 
may  conclude  their  offers  are  not  ac- 
cepted.— Thomas  West,  3,  Taylor  Street, 
Openshaw,  Manchester  ; Sept.  9. 

Exchange. — I have  duplicates  to  ex- 
change, as  numbered  in  the  Appendix  to 
the  ‘ Manual,’— Nos.  57,  138,  145,  168, 
173, 184, 305, 318,434, 461,  for  any  of  the 
following:— 33, 46,  50,  62, 108, 158, 182, 
207, 227, 228, 263, 268, 3 1 9, 328, 379, 392, 
393,  454,  458,  464.  All  in  fine  condi- 
tion ; the  same  expected  in  return.  Please 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


199 


to  write  before  sending  boxes. — William 
Johnson,  7,  Molyneux  Street,  Bootle, 
Liverpool;  Sept.  10. 

Exchange. — The  following  is  a list  of 
my  duplicates ; — 

Z.  Lonicerae  A.  Trilici 

L.  Monacha  T.  Fimbria 

S.  Carpini  N.  Brunnea 

T.  Batis  Festiva 

Derasa  N.  Baja 

H.  Micacea  C.  Vaccinii 

X.  Scolopacina  E.  Fulvago 

L.  Testacea  C.  Trapezina 

M.  Albicolon  P.  Chi 

A.  Connexa  E.  Lucipara 

Oculea  A.  Herbida 

M.  Strigilis  Nebulosa 

All  in  good  condition.  My  desiderata 
are — 

M.  Fuciformis  X.  Sublustris 

S.  Chvysidiformis  H.  Petasitis 
Myopoefonnis  A.  Corticea 

Scoliaeformis  Nigricans 

Apiformis  Ravida 

M.  Arundinis  C.  Haworthii 

N.  Senex  A.  Puta 

L.  Quadra  Fennica 

D.  Bicuspis  E.  Lichenea 

Bifida  A.  Occulta 

C.  Curtula  Tincla 

P.  Plumigera  Advena 

Palpina  H.  Adusta 

N.  Trepida  Contigiia 

Dodonea  N.  Subrosea 

C.  Fluctuosa  Eubi 

Or  T.  Populeli 

Ocularis  Gracilis 

Ridens  C.  Spadicea 

B.  Glandifera  T.  Retusa 

A.  Leporina  C.  AlBiiis 

Ligustri  D.  Carpophaga 

Auricoma  H.  Dysodea 

L.  Straminea  Serena 

N.  Despecta  E.  Fuscula 

Fulva  P.  Interrogationis 

Concolor 

— Geoege  Lome,  Kirkgate,  Wakefield ; 
Sept.  16. 

Insects  for  Distribution. — I hare  taken 


this  year  a considerable  number  of  A. 
Triplasia,  A.  Putris,  and  some  M.  Ole- 
racea  and  T.  Batis,  which  I am  willing 
to  distribute.  I will  pay  postage  one 
way,  if  any  one  needing  the  above  can 
supply  any  of  my  wants,  which  are  very 
numerous ; but  if  nothing  be  given  in 
return  I shall  expect  applicants  to  pay 
double  postage.  P.  Forficalis  is  all  over 
the  place,  and  if  any  one  wants  it  I shall 
be  glad  to  hear  from  him.  A note  before 
sending  a box  is  requested. — F.  Lovell 
Keats,  33,  Gloucester  Place,  Kentish 
Town,  London,  N.  W. 

Exchange. — I have  a number  of  du- 
plicates of  the  following: — 

S.  Bembeciformis  0.  Suspecta 

C.  Vinula  O.  Upsilon 

P.  Monacha  X.  Silago 

N.  Mundana  P.  Chi 

L.  Quercus  A.  Aprilina 

S.  Pavonia-minor  A.  Herbida 

C.  Flavicornis  H.  Oleracea 

G.  Flavago  M.  Maura 

H.  Nictitans  S.  Illustraria 

X.  Lithoxylea  O.  Bidentata 

X.  Scolopacina  M.  Albicillata 

A.  Connexa  M.  Tristala 

C.  Cubicularis 

All  in  good  condition,  for  which  I shall 
be  glad  to  receive  offers  for  exchange. — 
James  Vaeley,  Ahnondhurij  Bank,  Hud- 
dersfield; Sept.  16. 

Duplicate  Coleoptera. — I have  fine  ex- 
amples of  the  following  species; — 
Dromius  fasciatus 
Clavina  collaris, 

Carabus  clathratus, 

Patrobus  septentrionis, 

Anchoraenus  Ericeti, 

Pterostichus  Orimoraus, 

Amara  consularis. 

Tree!) us  micros, 

...  rubens, 

...  lapidosus, 

Aepys  marinus, 

Beinbidium  6-striatum, 

Ilybius  angustior, 

Agabus  arcticus. 


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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Agabus  congener, 

...  fontinalis,  &c., 

which  I shall  be  glad  to  exchange  for 
good  examples  of  any  of  my  desiderata. 
— D.  McGarey,  7,  Old  Sneddon  Street, 
Paisley  ; Sept,  1 1 . 

Duplicate  Coleoptera. — I have  the  fol- 
lowing beetles  in  duplicate,  and  shall  be 
glad  to  forward  them  to  any  gentle- 
man upon  receipt  of  a box  and  return 
postage : — 

Pogonus  chalceus 
Pterostichus  piciinanus 
Stomis  pumicatus 
Harpalus  obsoletus 
...  pubescens 
Stenolophus  vespertinus 
Bembidium  ephippium 
Tachinus  subterraneus 
Stenus  providus 
Cteniopus  sulphurous 
Cassida  equestris 
Agelastica  halensis. 

— Richard  G.  Keeley,  1 1,  Sydney 
Terrace,  Marlboro’  Road,  Chelsea,  N.IF. 


EXTERMINATION  OF  SPECIES. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  ‘ Intelligencer.' 

Sir, — The  question  of  extermination 
pf  species  by  man’s  agency  is,  to  my  idea, 
a very  interesting  point,  well  worth  the 
consideration  of  all. 

In  the  case  of  insects,  as  far  as  direct 
causes  lie,  while  admitting  the  possibility, 
I much  doubt  the  probability,  of  such  an 
occurrence.  I am  indeed  of  opinion  that 
the  thinning  out  of  a few  hundreds  or 
thousands  of  a prolific  species  has  a con- 
trary effect — that  it  is  actually  advan- 
tageous to  the  perpetuation  of  the  spe- 
cies. 

Let  us  take  it  thus:  10,000  impreg- 
nated females  lay  an  aggregate  o{  Jive 
million  eggs!  or  500  each,  which  is  below 
the  mark  in  some  prolific  species.  It 
cannot  be  expected  in  nature  that  these 


will  all  undergo  their  changes,  from  the 
very  fact  of  the  prolixity:  probably 
scarcely  a five-hundredth  part  of  them 
will  reach  the  perfect  state,  from  various 
causes,  among  which  I mention  firstly 
and  chiefly  atmospheric  injhwnces,  natural 
enemies,  parasites,  accident,  starvation, 
&c.;  lastly  (and  leastly  too),  man’s 
slaughter  and  captures. 

Now,  my  impression  is  that  had  there 
been  but  a hundred  pairs  to  start  from, 
or  had  the  original  10,000  impregnated 
females  laid  but  five  eggs  a-piece,  that 
quite  as  many  perfect  insects  would  be 
produced  in  a given  locality — certainly 
far  more  in  proportion. 

Of  course  the  disappearance  of  species 
by  man’s  indirect  agency,  as  the  con- 
version of  ground  into  bricks  and  mortar, 
the  tapping  of  fens,  the  process  of  dis- 
foresting, the  destruction  of  food-plant, 
is  not  only  possible  but  highly  pro- 
bable. Yours,  &c., 

H.  G.  Knaggs. 


Notice  to  Mr.  Farren’s  Subscribers. — 
I shall  be  glad  if  those  of  my  subscribers 
who  have  not  sent  their  marked  lists,  and 
also  a box  for  their  share  or  shares,  will 
do  so,  as  soon  as  convenient,  to  me  at 
“ 1,  Rose  Crescent,  Cambridge.”  I will 
get  a box  made  for  those  who  do  not  send 
one,  the  price  of  which  will  be  about 
2s.  6d. — W.  Fabren. 


Now  publishing, 

A NATURAL  HISTORY 
of  BRITISH  MOTHS.  By  the 
Rev.  F.  0.  Morris,  B.A.  With  coloured 
Jigures  of  every  Species.  In  Monthly 
Parts,  two  shillings  each,  containing,  on 
the  average,  figures  of  thirty  species. 

Part  16  contains  figures  of  fifty-one 
species,  including  the  whole  of  the  Genus 
E upithecia,  with  the  two  newly-discovered 
British  species,  trisignata  and  tripunc- 
tata. 

London : Longman  & Co.,  Paternoster 
Row. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
^ate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
Middlesex. '-Satui'day,  September  21,  1861. 


TH^  ENTOMOLOGSST’S 

WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


No.  260.]  SATUEDAY,  SEPTEMBER  28,  1861.  [Pbice  Id. 


2Tt)e  ^fntontologist’s 
Sntcnigencer 

WILL 

NOT  BE  COHTIinTSD 

after  the  close  of 
THE  PRESENT  VOLUME. 


SOLITUDE. 

Society  has  its  distractions,  hut  does 
not  produce  half  the  evils  of  solitude. 
Alone,  one  is  naturally  the  centre  of 
all  one’s  thoughts ; hence  not  simply 
selfishness,  but  self-conceit  is  engen- 
dered. Not  coming  in  contact  with 
others,  or  only  coming  in  epistolatory 
contact  with  such  as  wish  to  consult 
one,  and  who  therefore  look  up  to  one, 
is  it  not  manifest  that  complacency 
and  self-conceit  are  well  supplied  with 
provender? 

Yet  let  the  demigod  emerge  from 
his  seclusion  and  appear  in  the  broad 
light  of  day  amongst  his  fellow-men, 
and  how  soon  the  notion  of  almost 
superhuman  skill  and  knowledge  va- 
nishes ! 

As  the  fresh  sea-breeze  to  the 
dwellers  in  the  most  squalid  courts 


of  the  most  densely  populated  town, 
so  is  the  healthful  atmosphere  of  living 
scientific  controversy  to  those  who  have 
studied  for  months  in  perfect  seclu- 
sion from  their  fellow-labo.urers  in 
Science. 

r 

It  was  well  observe!^  by  Professor 
Babington,  when  opening  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Zoological  and  Bo- 
tanical Section  of  the  British  Associa- 
tion, at  Manchester,  on  the  5th  of  this 
month,  that  scientific  discussions,  car- 
ried on  vivd  voce  and  with  the  good 
temper  and  amenity  that  generally 
does  characterize  such  discussions,  had 
often  the  beneficial  effect  of  dispelling 
prejudices  conceived  between  those  who 
only  knew  one  another  on  paper,  and 
that  when  combatants  came  to  talk 
face  to  face,  each  found  the  other 
really  not  so  bad  a fellow  after  all. 


Mr.  Stainton  will  be  “at  home”  on 
Wednesday  next,  October  2,  at  6 p.m., 
as  usual. 

N.B.  Future  announcements  will  be 
made  by  circulars  sent  by  post  to  all 
those  who  have  attended  at  any  “at 
home”  within  the  two  years  immediately 
preceding. 

2 D 


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THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


Notice. — I shall  be  away  from  home 
after  the  25th  instant,  and  shall  feel 
ohliged  by  my  correspondents  not  for- 
wardingj  any  boxes  till  after  my  return, 
which  I expect  will  be  about  the  15th  of 
October. — R.  W.  Weight,  4,  Gloucester 
Terrace,  Victoria  Park  Road,  Hackney, 
N.E. ; Sept.  23. 


TO  COERESPONBENTS. 

T.  C.,  WiiLiTON.  — Your  insect  is 
Pyrausta  purpuralis. 

Moses  Haeeis. — We  hare  to  thank 
several  correspondents  for  their  replies 
to  the  note  respecting  the  writings  of 
Moses  Harris. 


CAPTURES. 

Lepidopteba. 

Colias  Edusa.  — As  this  insect  has 
been  rather  scarce  this  year,  it  might  be 
interesting  to  some  of  your  readers  to 
know  that  I took  two  specimens,  male 
and  female,  near  Southend,  and  saw 
three  more  on  the  11th  and  12th  inst. — 
Howard  Vaughan,  14,  Gaisford  Street, 
Kentish  Town,  N.  W. 

Sphinx  Convolvuli. — A fine  male  of 
this  Hawk  moth  was  brought  me  on 
Thursday  last.  It  was  discovered  at 
rest  on  a keel  moored  a little  way  up 
the  Tyne. — V.  R.  Perkins. 

Sphinx  Convolvuli. — I have  just  had 
the  pleasure  of  capturing  a specimen  of 
this  insect  at  rest  on  a wall.— B.  Gibson, 
Almshouse  Lane,  Wakefield ; Sept.  22. 

Xanthia  Gilvago. — I had  the  pleasure, 
a few  days  ago,  of  taking  a splendid 
specimen  of  this  insect,  from  a gas-lamp 
in  this  neighbourhood. — J.  Caerington, 
Clifton,  York ; Sept.  23. 

Captures  near  Torquay. — During  the 
past  three  weeks  I have  succeeded  in 


capturing  a great  number  of  H.  Hispida, 
at  Torquay,  and  also  a few  S.  Anomala ; 
and  during  the  past  week,  at  ivy,  I have 
taken  A.  Atistralis  in  profusion,  as  well 
as  A.  Lucernea,  A.  Saucia  and  E.  Li- 
chenea.  The  ivy  is  fast  coming  out,  and 
is  in  fine  condition,  and  I think,  if  well 
worked,  ought  to  produce  several  rarities. 
— R.  M.  Stewart,  3,  Park  Place,  Tor- 
quay, Devon ; Sept.  23. 

Captures  near  Manchester. — The  fol- 
lowing insects  have  been  taken  by  me 
and  my  friend  Mr.  W.  Worthington,  of 
70,  Meredith  Street,  Hulme: — 

Chortobius  Davus. 

Nudaria  Mundana. 

Eutbemonia  Russula. 

Crocallis  Elinguaria. 

Boarmia  Roboraria.  Dunham  Park. 

Gnophos  Obscurata.  New  Brighton. 

Hyria  .'\uroraria. 

Asthena  Candidata. 

Acidalia  Scutulata. 

...  Bisetata.  * 

...  Osseata. 

...  Circellata. 

...  Subsericeata. 

...  Remutata. 

...  Fumata. 

...  Imitaria. 

...  Aversata. 

Inornata. 

...  Eraarginata. 

Scodiona  Belgiaria. 

Aspilates  Strigillaria. 

Larenlia  Olivaria. 

Eupithecia  Centaureata. 

...  Succenturiata. 

...  Satyrata. 

...  Castigata. 

...  Innotata. 

...  Nanata. 

...  Rectangulata. 

' Phibalapteryx  Lignata. 

Carsia  Imbutata. 

Dicranura  Bifida.  Larva  on  Populus 
nigra. 

Notodonta  Dromedarius.  Larva  on 
birch. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


203 


Acronycta  Leporina.  Larva. 

Noctua  C-nigrum.  At  sugar. 
Orthosia  Ypsilon.  Larva  on  willow. 

...  Lota.  On  sallow. 

Xanthia  Silago.  Larva  feeding  on 
sallow,  the  same  time  as  Cerago. 

DianthEBcia  Cucubali.  Larva  on  Cam- 
pion seeds. 

Polia  Chi.  At  rest  on  stone  walls. 
Hadena  Suasa.  At  sugar. 

Cloantha  Solidaginis.  On  stone  walls 
on  the  Yorkshire  Moors. 

Anarta  Myrtilli. 

Herminia  Grisealis.  Beating. 
Pyrausta  Astrinalis. 

Hevbula  Cesnitalis. 

Eudorea  Ambigualis. 

...  Coarctalis. 

Crarabus  Falsellus. 

...  Pascuellus. 

...  Margaritellus. 

...  Pinetellus. 

...  Perlellus. 

...  Warringtonellus. 

...  Selasellus. 

...  Inquinatellus. 

Phycis  Betulella. 

...  Carbonariella. 

Pempelia  Palumbella. 

Dichelia  Grotiana. 

Amphysa  Gerningaiia. 

Penthina  Picana. 

Pruniana. 

...  Marginalia. 

Clepsis  Rusticana. 

Phoxopteryx  Myrtillana. 

Grapholita  Geminana. 

Hypermecia  Augustana. 

Ephippiphora  Cirsiana. 

Coccyx  Splendidulana. 

...  Vacciniana. 

Pamplusia  Monticolana.  Pretty  plen- 
tiful. 

Retinia  Buoliana. 

...  Piiiivorana. 

Stigmonota  Coniferana. 

Eupoecilia  Udana. 

Argyrolepia  Baunianniana. 

Psyche  Roboricolella. 


Lampronia  Quadripunctella. 

...  Rnbiella. 

Micropteryx  Calthella.  On  the  flowers 
of  Ranunculus,  Dog  Mercury  and 
Carex. 

M.  Uiiimaculella.  Beaten  out  of  birch 
bushes. 

Depressaria  Liturella.  Bred  from  knap- 
weed. 

Coleophora  Alcyonipennella.  Bred 
from  larviE  on  Centaurea  nigra. 

C.  Pyrrhulipennella.  On  heath. 

C.  Anatipennella.  Bred  from  larva. 

C.  Caespllitiella.  Among  rushes. 

C.  Nigricella.  Bred. 

C.  Fuscedinella.  Do. 

C.  Gryphipennella.  Do. 

C.  Viminetella.  Do. 

C.  Lutipennella.  Do. 

Chrysoclisia  Schrankella.  Do. 

This  forms  only  a portion  of  what  we 
have  taken  this  season. — Joseph  Chap- 
pell, 2,  Duke  Street,  Hulme,  Man- 
chester; Sept.  2. 


OBSEEVATIONS. 

Myelois  Ceratoniella. — This  moth  is 
now  flying,  and  may  most  probably  be 
obtained  in  any  granary  where  locust 
beans  are  stored. — V.  R.  Perkins. 

Nemotois  Larvce. — Those  that  I had 
unfortunately  all  died;  perhaps  one  or 
other  of  the  gentlemen  to  whom  I sent 
some  may  have  been  more  fortunate. — 
C.  Healy,  74,  Napier  Street,  Hoxton, 
N.  ; Sept.  23. 

[Herr  Hofmann  bred  from  his  twenty 
larvae  of  Nemotois  Scabiosellus  only  two 
specimens  of  the  perfect  insect ; most  of 
the  other  larvce  are  still,  in  the  larva 
state.  This  prolonged  larval  existence 
seems  to  occur  in  many  of  the  species  of 
the  long-horned  moths.] 

Hypera  Polygoni. — Among  the  many 
rarities  that  occur  on  the  Ormes  Head  is 


204 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


the  Nottingham  Catchfly  (Silene  nutans) ; 
besides  its  capsules  furnishing  food  to  a 
Dianthmcia  — as  they  give  abundant 
evidence  of  doing — the  catchfly  would 
seem  to  supply  sustenance  to  a little 
weevil  {Hijpera  which  attaches 

its  pretty  little  cocoon  to  the  axils  of 
the  stems.  The  cocoon  is  pea-green, 
and  so  transparent  that  the  whirligig 
movements  of  the  pupa,  on  its  case  being 
handled,  are  distinctly  visible.  I am  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Westwood  for  the  name 
of  the  weevil.  It  is  brown,  with  three 
pale  lines  on  the  thorax,  and  paler  raised 
lines  on  the  elytra.  Mr.  Westwood  re- 
marks that  “ the  chief  interest  in  the 
species  of  the  group  to  which  the  Hypera 
belongs  arises  from  the  difference  in  the 
texture  of  their  cocoons.” — Peter  Inch- 
bald,  Storthes  Hall;  Sept.  9. 


EXCHANGE. 


Meliteea  Cinxia. — I have  some  good 
and  fine  duplicates  of  this  species,  and 
also  of  Colias  Edusa,  both  taken  this 
year.  I shall  be  happy  to  exchange  for 
any  of  the  following,  as  numbered  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  ‘ Manual : ’ — 5,  12,  23, 
32, 33,  34,  36, 37,  69,  70,  85,  88,  89, 105, 
108,  111  to  113,  116,  118, 124,  126, 133, 
136,  138,  189,  204,  209,  269,  282,  305, 
306,  316,  319,  335,  339,  373,  395,  396, 
414,  417,  436,  443,  449,461,462,  464, 
470,  472  to  474,  478,  490,  492, 493,  497, 
and  any  Georaetrina  except  499, 502,509, 
513, 526, 531, 596, 604, 622,706,708,714, 
718,  727,  729,  744,  760.  My  specimens 
are  of  course  Jersey  insects,  but  pinned 
with  tine  entomological  pins,  and  set  in 
the  English  manner;  and  as  my  insects 
are  in  good  and  fine  condition  I shall 
expect  the  same  in  exchange  for  them. 
Any  desiring  to  exchange  will  please 
write  first,  and  if  not  replied  to  in  a week 
their  offers  will  not  be  accepted. — James 
Blackwell,  Laura  Cottage,  60,  St. 
Saviours  Road,  St.  HelieCs,  Jersey; 
Sept.  16. 


Exchange. — Duplicates; — 1,  3, 11, 12, 
25,  33,  37,  46,  .55,  60,  61, 71,  106,  13.5, 
159,  161,  167,  189,  204,  205,  224,  247, 
256,  257,  262,  266,  270,  274,  288,  304, 
307, 31 0, 328, 329, 337,342, 344, 352, 354, 
356,  360,  361,  364,  390,  402,  426,  428, 
440,  461,  464,  476, 483  to  485,  488,  498, 
503,  512,  606,  644,  646,  709,  720,  744, 
749,  757,  765  , 812.  I have  also  fine 
specimens  of  A.  Australis  and  moderate 
ones  of  E.  Cassiope  for  exchange.  De- 
siderata: —119  to  122,  134,  140,  157, 
183,  194,  195,  207,  214,  220,  222,  223, 
225,  231,  235,  254,  264,  277,  280,  286, 
287,299,306,  314,  316,  317,  324,  326, 
327,  335,  349,  355,  362,  377,  .378,  382, 
385  to  387,  389,  392,  400,  420,  423  to 
425,  434,  435,  438, 460,  462, 467,  470  to 
472,  477,  482.  Any  offers  wanted  will 
be  replied  to  within  a week. — Frederick 
Bcckton,  6,  Beech  Ch'ove  Terrace,  Leeds  ; 
Sept.  21 . 

Exchange. — I have  the  following  in- 
sects in  duplicate : — 


H.  Semele 
E.  Blandina 
G.  C-album 
M.  Artemis 
P.  Agestis 
A.  Loniceras 
Filipendulae 
S.  Pavonia-minor 
P.  Bucephala 
O.  Potatoria 
L.  Impura 


H.  Micacea 

L.  T estacea 

M.  Literosa 
A.  Valligera 

Tritici 

N.  Augur 
Umbrosa 

E.  Cervinata 
Bipunctaria 
S.  Clathrata 
A.  Ulmata 


For  which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive 
offers  of  exchange.  My  wants  are  very 
numerous,  and  of  many  of  the  above  I 
have  long  series.  — John  E.  Robson, 
Queen  Street,  Hartlepool. 

Exchange. — I have  good  specimens  of 
the  following  birds’  eggs  in  duplicate,  for 
which  I shall  be  glad  to  receive  oflfers  of 
Lepidoptera  in  exchange : — 

Pied  Wagtail  Blackbird 

Cuckoo  ChaflBnch 

Redbacked  Shrike  Wren 
Bullfinch  Song  Thrush 

Starling  Missel  Thrush 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


205 


Persons  not  hearing  from  me  within  ten 
days  will  please  conclude  I do  not  re- 
quire what  they  offer.  — G.  Stedman, 
Lindfield,  Sussex. 

Exchange. — 1 have  a number  of  du- 
plicates of  the  following : — 


S.  Bembeciformis 
S.  Pavonia-minor 
H.  Nictitans 
Micacea 
A,  Connexa 
Oculea 
X.  Flavago 
H.  Popularis 
A.  Buhna 
0.  Upsilon 
C.  Vaccinii 

M.  Maura 


M.  Typica 

N.  Glareosa 
Brunnea 
Eestiva 
Baja 
Umbrosa 

P.  Pilosaria 
S.  Illunaria 
L.  Multistrigaria 
S.  Dubitata 
A.  Badiata 
F.  Atomaria. 


I have  also  larvae  and  images  of  L.  Quer- 
cus  and  larvae  of  S . Illunaria,  a\\  in  good 
condition,  for  which  I shall  be  glad  to 
receive  offers  for  exchange.  — George 
Godward,  Almondbury,  near  Hudders- 
field ; Sept.  23. 

Exchange, — I have  duplicates  of  the 
following : — 

C.  Davus  (30) 

S.  Bembecil'onnis  (33) 

P.  Monacha  (16) 

H.  Dispar  (20) 

E.  Russula  (12) 

A.  Fuliginosa  (26) 

L.  Trifolii  (9) 

A.  Menyanthidis  (23) 

G.  Flavago  (10) 

G.  Nictitans  (15) 

G.  Petasitis  (25) 

A.  Valligera  (12) 

A.  Cursoria  (4) 

A.  Praecox  (3) 

N.  Bi'uunea  (17) 

N.  Baja  (40) 

P.  Chi  (6) 

E.  Lucipara  (16) 

H.  Glauca  (28) 

H.  Pisi  (6) 

D.  Capsincola  (32) 


A.  Triplasia  (50) 

O.  Filigrammaria  (12) 

L.  Lobulata  (14) 

C.  Imbutata  (10) 

M.  Belgiaria  (6). 

A great  portion  of  the  above  are  bred 
specimens  and  in  good  coudition,  and  T 
require  such.  Offers  will  be  replied  to 
in  a week,  if  accepted.  — T.  Porter, 
1,  Stott  HillocJe,  Bolton- le -Moors,  Lan- 
cashire; Sept.2\. 

Exchange. — I have  duplicates  of  the 
following,  for  which  I shall  be  glad  to 
receive  offers  of  exchange; — 

C.  Davus  C.  Lota 

N.  Typhae  C.  Imbutata 

P.  Chi  C.  Trapezina. 

Gentlemen  writing,  and  not  receiving  an 
answer  in  six  days,  may  conclude  their 
offers  are  not  accepted.  — W.  Parry, 
310,  Oldham  Road,  Manchester. 

Lepidoptera  for  Distribution. — I have 
the  following  Lepidoptera,  numbered 
in  accordance  with  the  Appendix  to  the 
‘Manual,’  for  distribution.  Any  one 
wanting  them  must  write  and  state  their 
wants,  and  must  wait  till  they  receive  a 
reply  before  sending  off  a box.  All 
letters  and  boxes  must  be  prepaid,  and 
return  postage  sent  for  boxes,  unless  any 
of  my  wants  can  be  sent,  in  which  case 
I will  pay  the  return  postage: — 17,  19, 
29,  31,  33,36  n.s.,  44,  69,  76,  87,  89, 
91,  99, 106, 146,  147, 161,  233,  236,294, 
295,  328,  367,  372,  384,  431,466,478, 
479,  571,  607,  639,  644,  668,  688,  700, 
707,  708,  717,  752,  754,  758,  765,  777, 
784,  787,  790,  799,  810,  828,  841,  847, 
857,  898,  904,  910,  976,  977,  982,  983, 
984,  994,  1025,  1028,  1059,  1060,  1061, 
n 04, 1 126, 1 127, 1 143, 1 1 72, 12 1 4,  1 223, 
1263, 1294, 1334, 1347, 1370, 1400,  1431, 
1434, 1443, 1457, 1515, 1533, 1696,  1701, 
1875,  1884,  1888,  1900,  1902. 

Want— 107,  133,  140,  172,  178,  254, 
257,  264,  292,  293,  306,  401,  408,  472, 
524,  548,  687,  689,  627,  635,  742,  756, 
768,  802,  806,  831,  833,  845,  852,  859, 


206 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST’S  WEEKLY  INTELLIGENCER. 


885,  894,  944,  947,  1029,  1034,  1039, 
1045,  1049,1084,  1091,1101,1171,  1279, 
1310,1318,1340,  1372,1501,1505,  1516, 
1528,  1530,  1707,  1808,  1818. —John 
Sang,  Darlington  ; Sept.  24, 

Exchange. — I have  the  following  in- 


sects for  exchange : 

G.  Rhamni 
L.  jEgeria 
A.  Selene 
Euphrosyne 
T.  Alveolus 
T.  Tages 
A.  Lonicerte 
C.  Vinula 
L Tiifolii 
R.  Perla 
N Crassicornis 
A.  Oculea 
C.  Cubicularis 
T.  Fimbria 


N.  C-nigrum 
Xanlhographa 

T.  Instabilis 

A.  Pistacina 
E.  Lucipara 
E.  Mi 

Glyphica 

O.  Samhucaria 
Crala-gata 

B.  Hirtaria 
A.  Beiularia 
I.  l.actearia 
H.  Defoliaria 
D.  Fagella. 


Besides  series  of  many  other  insects.  A 
marked  list  will  be  sent  to  any  one  re- 
quiring it. — Da.  Gill,  5,  Cambridge 
Place,  Regents  Park,  London,  N.W. 

Duplicates. — I have  duplicates  of  the 
following,  which  I shall  be  happy  to 
distribute  among  any  of  my  former  cor- 
respondents as  long  as  my  stock  will 
last:  — 

Sphinx  Ligustri 
Clisiocampa  Neustria 
Orgyia  Gonostigma 
Py  ralis  Costalis. 

I have  also  a few  of  other  species. 
Please  write  first,  as  my  supply  is 
limited. — T.  Blackmoee,  The  Hollies, 
Wandsivorth,  London,  S.  W. 

Error  in  Exchange. — In  my  notice  for 
exchange  in  the  ‘ Intelligencer,’  there  is 
a mistake;  for  434  it  should  have  been 
43  L.  Will  you  please  to  correct  the 
error?  Gentlemen  are  writing  for  H. 
W-latinum,  and  I have  no  such  in- 
sect.— W.  Johnson,  Bootle,  Liverpool; 
Sept.  22. 


The  ‘Intelligencer.’ — I am  very 
sorry  to  see  the  announcement  that  the 
‘Intelligencer’  is  to  be  discontinued  at 
the  close  of  the  present  volume.  I really 
think  that  this  will  be  a “ heavy  blow  and 
great  discouragement”  to  Entomology  in 
this  country,  and  I venture  to  express  a 
hope  that  either  the  present  editor  or 
some  other  entomologist  may  be  induced 
to  carry  it  on,  which  would,  I am  sure, 
gratify  many  as  well  as  myself.  If  the 
circulation  has  fallen  off,  may  not  the 
cause  be  (I  only  oflTer  it  as  a “ suggestive 
hint”  that  has  occured  to  me)  the  charge 
for  the  insertion  of  exchange  lists?  and, 
if  so,  might  not  a modification  or  relaxa- 
tion of  the  rule  have  the  desired  effect  ? 
At  all  events,  I hope  it  may  be  continued 
for  another  month,  or  till  the  end  of  the 
year,  to  give  time  for  arrangements  for 
its  continuance. — Rev.  F.  0.  Morris, 
Nunburnholme  Rectory,  Haylon,  York ; 
Sept.  9. 


To  Entomologists. 

W GATES,  Entomological  Appa- 
. ratus  Maker,  17,  Providence  Row, 
King’s  Cross,  N. 

W.  G.  begs  to  return  his  sincere  thanks 
to  his  numerons  patrons,  including  the 
nobility,  gentry,  clergy,  dealers,  and 
entomologists  generally,  for  the  liberal 
support  he  has  received  for  a number  of 
years  as  a maker  of  apparatus,  and  begs 
to  assure  all  who  may  favour  him  with 
their  orders  that  he  still  intends  to  supply 
the  best  articles,  the  workmanship  war- 
ranted, at  the  lowest  possible  price. 

Apparatus  of  all  kinds  made  to  order. 

Entomologists  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  Kingdom  can  be  supplied  with 
all  kinds  of  fittings  or  parts  of  the  same, 
so  as  to  be  able  to  make  their  own 
apparatus. 

Dealers  supplied. 


INDEX 


LEADING  ARTICLES. 

A false  alarm,  113 
Arrangement,  177 
Bibliography,  153 
Climate,  57 
Columbus,  49 
East  winds,  41 
Flat-bodies,  137 
Gracilaria,  145 
H in  ts  for  observers , 8 1 , 89 
May,  33 
Method,  9 
Misprints,  129 
Old  records,  105 
Periodicals,  161 
Regrets,  186 
Scarcity  of  insects,  169 
Solitude,  201 
Species,  25 

The  Entomological  Society,  1,  17 

The  last  meeting,  65 

The  “ Saunders”  day,  97 

Too  keen,  73 

Volunteers,  121 

Wolves,  193 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETIES. 
Northern  Entomological  Society, 29, 172 


POETRY. 

An  invitation  to  the  woods,  56 
The  Origin  of  Species,  78 
The  two  ‘ Annuals,’  95 


CAPTURES. 

INSECTS  SPECIALLY  NOTICED. 
Lepidoptera. 

Colias  Edusa,  194,  202 
Anihucliaris  Caidamines,  hermaphru' 
dite,  59 


Vanessa  Antiopa,  194 
Acherontia  Atropos,  147, 154 
Sphinx  Convolvuli,  202 
Zeuzera  .Esculi,  139 
Cerura  bicuspis,  75 
Notodonta  Carmelita,  43 
Peridea  trepida,  51,  75 
Euchelia  Jacobaeae,  91 
Lasiocampa  Quercus,  51 
Gastropacha  Ilicifolia,  75 
Endromis  Versicolora,  35 
Drepana  sicula,  131 
Helerogenea  Asellus,  100 
Acronycta  Alni,  154,  170 
Xanthia  Gilvago,  202 
Xylomyges  Conspicillaris,  154 
Cucullia  Chamomillae,  91 
Heliothis  peltigera,  194 
Amphidasis  Prodromaria,  2,  18,  35 
Scoria  dealbata,  91 
Emmelesia  unifasciata,  162,  170 
Argyresthia  literella,  139 
Coleophora  fuscocuprella,  75 
...  olivaceella,  19 
Stathmopoda  pedella,  131 

Coleoptera. 

Cassida  obsoleta,  28 
Claviger  llaveolatus,  140 

Hymenopiera, 

Sirex  gigas,  188 

Hemiptera. 

Podops  inunctiis,  28 

Neuroptera. 
Limnophilus  incisus,  100 
...  borealis,  163 


An  evening  at  West  Wickham  in  March, 
2 

A night’s  larva-hunting  in  Whitsand 
Bay,  43 

A trip  to  Sherwood  Forest,  188 
British  Lepidoptera  bred  in  1861,  61  . 


208 


INDEX. 


Butterflies  at  Plymouth,  195 
Capture  of  a hornet’s  nest,  156 
Captures  at  sugar,  2,  178 

...  West  Wickham  and  Darenth 

Woods  in  1861,  115 
Captures  in  Epping  Forest,  107 
...  Norfolk,  11,  27 

...  Suffolk,  27 

...  the  New  Forest,  83, -91,  162 

...  the  North,  179 

...  the  South  of  England,  195 

...  the  Vicinity  of  Newcastle,  91 

...  Westmoreland,  139 

...  Worcestershire,  35 

Captures  near  Brighton,  194 
...  Gloucester,  91 

...  Lewisham(additional),196 

...  Manchester,  19,  59,202 

...  Eolherham,  75 

Sheffield,  3,  43 
...  Teignmouth,  163 

...  Torquay,  163,  178,  202 

...  Woolwich,  187 

...  Wotton-under-Edge,  163 

...  Yarmouth,  195 

Captures  of  Coleoptera,  19, 59 
larvre,  27 

...  Lepidoptera,  115 

...  Phryganidae,  115,  147 

Coleoptera  in  North  Wales,  164 
...  on  Chat  Moss,  28 

...  recently  taken  in  Northum- 

berland, 52 
Dianthaecia  larvae,  186 
Disappointments,  171 
Doings  at  Dover,  186 

...  in  the  New  Forest,  107,  123 
Early  captures  at  Lewisham,  1 1 
Irish  captures,  1 1 
Larvae  near  Sheffield,  132 
Eecent  captures,  27,  131 
Scarcity  of  insects,  140 


OBSERVATIONS. 

INSECTS  SPECIALLY  NOTICED. 
Lepidoptera. 

Colias  Edusa,  189 
Coenonympha  Davus,  60 
Vanessa  Atalanta,  75 
Pamphila  Actaeon,  163 
Zeuzera  Jisculi,  20 

Cossus  Ligniperda,  14,  19,  20,  28,  52, 
53,67,115 

Porthesia  Chrysorrhoea,  67 
Lasiocampa  Quercus,  60,  75,  84 
Eriogaster  Lanestris,  67 
Acronycta  Alni,  147 
Epunda  Viniinalis,  116 


Hadeua  Atriplicis,  75 
Anarta  Myriilli,  63 
Catocala  Nupta,  100 
Acidalia  Inoriiata,  84,  92 
Corycia  laminata,  108 
Eupiihecia  indigaria  bred,  60 
Achroia  grisella,  53, 179 
Rbodophaea  rubrotibiella,  164 
Myelois  Ceratoniella,  203 
Carpocapsa  splendana,  132 
Dasystoma  salieella,  29 
Tinea  ochraceella,  54 
Adela  Sujzeriella,  15 
...  DeGeerella,  76 
...  Cuprella,  5 
Gelechia  cauligenella,  100 
CEcophora  flarifrontella,  68 
Butalis  incongruella,  28 
Glyphipteryx  Fischeriella,  61 
Gracilaria  Hemidactylella,  id. 

...  Populetorum,  id. 

...  Rufipennella,  id. 

...  Imperialella,  4,  108 
Ornix  Pfaffenzelleri,  164 
...  Fagivora,  60 
...  Scutulatella,  164 
Coleophora  Olivaceella,  4 
Chauliodus  Insecurellus,  108 
Chrysoclisla  Flavicapul,  61 
Elachisla  nobilella,  id. 

Nepticula  Ariae,  60 

Coleoptera. 

Orchestes  Fagi,  101 
Hypera  Polygoni,  203 

Diptera. 

Cecidomyia  Salicis,  61 

...  Galeobdolontis,  69 
Taxi,  76 

Hemipiera. 

Mynnedobia  coleoptrata,  109 
Anthocoris  (Idiotropus,  Fieb.)  exilis,  109 

Hymenoptera. 

Cynips  Glechomie,  171 

...  Rosae-spinosissimae,  179 


A fruitless  visit  to  Hackney,  4 
A mining  larva  in  the  leaves  of  Anemone 
nemorosa,  67 

Blotch-making  Nepticula  larvae  in  the 
leaves  of  Agrimonia  Eupatoria,  5 
British  Lepidoptera  bred  in  1861,  116 
Effects  of  the  past  season  upon  insect- 
life,  64 


INDEX. 


209 


Elacliista  larvae,  29 
Eupithecia  larvae,  189 
Habits  of  Miana  larvae?  75 
Hemiptera,  109 
Hybrid  Smerinthus,  100 
Micropteryx  larvae,  3,  19,  28,  45 
Nemoiois  larvae,  4,  203 
Observations  at  Ratisbon,  109 
...  Tamworth,  157 
Syrpbidae,  62,  69 
The  British  miner,  124 
The  willows,  197 
Wood-feeding  larvae,  4 


EXCHANGE. 

INSECTS  SPECIALLY  NOTICED. 

Lepidoptera. 

I Colias  Edusa,  189 
j Arge  Galathea,  180 
I Erebia  Cassiope,  125 
Melitaea  Cinxia,  204 
Nemeobius  Lucina,  92 
Polyommatus  Arion,  147 
I no  Stances,  140 
Smerinthus  Ocellatus,  77 
Lophopteryx  Camelina,  117 
Dasychira  Fascelina,  54 
Hypercompa  Dominula,  '5 
Arctia  Caja,  84,  140 
Callimorpha  Jacobsae,  20 
Bombyx  Uallunae,  84,  109 
Odonestis  Potatoria,  70 
Endromis  Versicolor,  77 
Saturnia  Pavonia-minor,  45 
Apamea  Connexa,  125 
Xanthia  Gilvago,  148 
Noctua  Glareosa,  198 
...  Dublii,  id. 

Cucullia  ChamoinillEe,  92 

iEpione  Vespertaria,  125 
Biston  Hirlaria,  70,  85 
Hemevophila  Almiptavia,  85 
Acidalia  Inornaia,  132 
Abraxas  Grossulaviata,  77 
Melanippe  Tristata,  85 
Celina  iinbutata,  171 
Glyphipteryx  Haworthana,  15 

Coleoptera. 
Eiirhinus  vorax,  15 
Monotoma  angusticollis,  198 


Birds’  eggs  wanted  in  exchange 
Lepidoptera,  70 
Duplicate  Coleoptera,  199,  200 


Duplicate  Lepidoptera,  189 
Duplicates,  133,  198,  206 
Eggs,  179 

Error  in  Exchange,  206 
Exchange,  5, 21,  38, 45,  77,  85, 118,  125, 
140,  148, 157, 165,  171,  172, 180,  198, 
199,  204,205,  206 
Exchange  of  larvae,  29 
Insects  for  birds’  eggs,  85 
Insects  for  distribution,  199 
Lepidoptera  for  distribution,  205 
Sphinx  larvae  wanted,  198 


MISCELLANEA,  COMMUNICATIONS, 

&c. 

INSECTS  SPECIALLY  NOTICED. 

Lepidoptera. 

Gelechia  subdecurtella  and  its  larva, 
a notice  of,  22 
Cemiostoma  Coffeella,  110 

Coleoptera. 

Philonthus  scutatus,  6 


A day  at  Lyraington  Salterns,  77 
A few  words  respecting  Cemiostoma 
CoflFeella,  110 
Agricultural  ants,  63 
Amateur  dealers,  143,  151,  159,  168, 
174,  181,  189 

A mining  larva  in  birch  leaves,  109 
An  entomological  trip  to  Oxford,  165 
A sawfly  injurious  to  willow  trees,  142 
Complaint  of  a moth,  174 
Descriptions  of  ova  wanted,  30 
Doings  at  Dresden,  102 

...  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Stettin, 
85,  93,  101 

Entomological  notes,  133 
Essai  Monographique  sur  le  genre  Cole- 
ophora,  149,  183,  192 
Extermination  of  species,  200 
Extracts  from  Kaltenbach’s  ‘ Vegetable- 
feeding Insects,’  118,  126,  134,  142 
Fen  Insects,  16 
Imperial  misfortunes,  141 
Insects  in  the  New  Forest,  7 
Insufficient  address,  30 
Journal  "f  Entomology,  6,  21 
Larva  of  Micropteryx,  16 
Leeds  Naturalists’  Society,  128 
Moses  Harris,  181 

Natural  History  of  the  Tineina,  8,  16 
23,31,55,65,111.127,134  ’ 

for  Near  Southampton,  93 
Notes  and  Queries,  70 
Notes  on  Lepidoptera,  46 


210 


INDEX. 


On  Phryg:anidae  and  their  parasites,  148 
On  the  origin  of  species,  29 
Oxford  philosophy,  1 19 
Peril  of  pursuing  entomological  studies 
at  night.  38 

Periodical  literature,  173 
Remarks  on  the  supposed  influence  of 
the  food  of  the  larva  in  causing  varia- 
tions in  Lepidoptera,  157 
Rhopalocera  in  winter,  72 
Self-estimate  of  progress,  159 
The  birch-miner,  125 
The  Entomological  Society,  88 
The  ‘ Intelligencer,’  206 
The  New  Forest,  87 
University  intelligence,  40,  48 


LIST  OF  CONTRIBUTORS. 

Aris,  Henry,  9 Rawstorne  Street,  Clerken- 
well,  75,  76 

Armstrong,  Thomas,  12  Barwise  Court, 
Engli.sh  Street,  Carlisle,  180 
Ayland,  F.,  2 Duke  Street,  Blackfriars,  1 9 
Barrett,  Charles  G.,  30  Parkgate  Street, 
Dublin,  14,  159 

Batty,  .Tames,  133  South  Street,  Park, 
Sheffield,  27,  84,  178 
Bibhs,  W.  H.,  St.  George’s  Cottage,  The 
Tything,  Worcester,  154 
Birchall  E.,  54 

Bird,  Henry,  Great  Hallingbury  Gardens, 
near  Bishop  Stortford,  Herts,  71,  75, 
139,  140 

Birks,  Rev.  B.  H.,  Stonor,  Henley-on- 
Thames,  108 
Birks,  John,  Vork,  176 
Blackburn,  J.  B.,  Bowdon,  132,  195 
Blackburn,  Thomas,  Bowdon,  132 
Blackmore,  T.,  The  Hollies,  Wands- 
worth, 206 

Blackwell,  James,  Laura  Cottage,  St. 
Helier’s,  Jersey,  203 

Boast,  J.  W.,  Neatishead,  Norfolk,  11, 
27,  28 

Boscher,  E.,  Bellevue  House,  Twicken- 
ham, 147 

Brackenbury,  E.  B.,  St.  Peter’s  Coll., 
Radley,  Abingdon,  Berks,  92 
Bryant,  J.,  63  Old  Broad  Street,  London, 
132 

Buckton,  Frederick,  6 Beech  Grove  Ter- 
race, Leeds,  125,  204 
Butler,  Cephas,  8 Cheese  Lane,  St. 

Phillips,  Bristol,  131 
Buttim,  D.  T.,  Peckham  Rye,  53 
Campbell,  C.,  3 Vine  Terrace,  Rochdale 
Road,  Manchester,  15,  75,  198 
Carrington,  J.,  Clifton,  York,  125,  202 


Chaloner,  J.  E.,  Plumtree  Hall,  near 
Bawtree,  Nott«,  165,  179 
Chapman,  T.,  Gla.sgow,  194 
Chappell,  Joseph,  2 Duke  Street,  Hnlme, 
Manchester,  19,  27,  28,  59,  60,  202 
Cortissos,  C.,  Oak  Cottage,  Hither  Green, 
Lew’sbam,  1 1 

Cox,  Henry  H.,  10  Thuilow  Villas,  West 
Dulwich,  124,  172,  189 
Darwin,  G.,  2 Hesketh  Crescent,  Tor- 
quay, 163 

Davis,  H.  E.,  28  Regency  Square, 
Brighton,  194 

Dell,  J.  S.,  Morice  Town,  Devonport, 
194 

Dewick,  E.  S.,  5 Granville  Park  Terrace, 
Blackheath,  67 

D’Orville,  H.,  Alphiugton,  near  Exeter, 
189 

Dossor,  J.  H.,  East  Parade,  Heworth 
Road,  York,  75,  172 

Douglas,  J.  W.,  Lee,  6,  20,  78,  88,  95, 
109 

Dowsett,  J , Ashford,  Kent,  35 
Eedle,  T.,  9 Maidstone  Place,  Gold- 
smith Row,  Hacknev  Road,  107 
Edmunds,  Abrahatn,  The  Tything,  Wor- 
cester, 38,  154 

Edwards,  W.,  Lees,  Coldstream,  194 
Ellis,  W.  A.,  Cheam,  Surrey,  170 
Farren,W.,  1 Rose  Crescent,  Cambridge, 
8,  83,  84,  91,  108,  123,  140,  163 
Fenn,  C.  &.  J.,  Clyde  Villa,  Lee,  3,  85, 
100,  195 

Fereday,  R.  W.,  3 Leighton  Villas,  York 
Road,  Holloway,  43 
Fremlin,  R.  H.,  Wateringbury,  154 
Frey,  Professor,  Zurich,  60,  61,  164 
Fyles,  Thomas,  Scotter,  Kirton-in-Lind- 
sey,  35,  54,  179 

Galliers,  T.,  9 Brenton  Street,  Toxteth 
Park,  Liverpool,  29,  54,  100 
Gascoyne,  George,  Newark,  77,  190 
Geldart,  E.  M.,  Rose  Hill,  Bowdon, 
Cheshire,  59,  132 

Gibson,  B.,  Almshouse  Lane,  Wakefield, 
157,  202 

Gibson,  Samuel,  Dog  Bottom,  Hebden 
Bridge,  Yorkshire,  165 
Gill,  Dr.,  5 Cambridge  Place,  Regent’s 
Park,  46,  181, 206 

Godward,  G.,  Almondbury,  near  Hud- 
dersfield, 205 

Goss,  H.,  17  Alfred  Place,  Brompton,  165 
Gray,  Dr.  J.  E.,  British  Museum,  21 
Green,  Rev.  G.  C.,  Modbury  Vicarage, 
Ivybridge,  Devon,  148 
Green,  J.  H.,  Heatherdon,  Torquay,  188 
Gregson,  C.  S.,  Stanley,  60,  151,  186 
Grinstead,  Rev.  Charles,  Teignmouth,  163 
Guise,  VV.  V.,  Elmore  Court,  156 


INDEX. 


211 


Hagen,  Dr.,  148,  165,  174,  183 
Harrie,  R.  P.,  8 Keppel  Street,  Stoke, 
Devon,  75,  93 

Harwood,  W.  H.  Colchester,  43,  53 
Harwood,  W.  H.,  14  King  Street,  Great 
Yarmouth,  194 

Hawley,  J.,  55  Hall  Gate,  Doncaster, 
143,  175 

Healy,  C.,  74  Napier  Street,  Hoxton,  5, 
76,  203 

Hebden,  J.,  Sandal  Common,  near  Wake- 
field, 2 

Hind,  J.  R.,  22  Grove  Road,  St.  John’s 
Wood,  20 

Hind,  James  T.  J.,  Croxdale,  near  Dur- 
ham, 85 

Hodgkinson,  J.  B.,  Penwortham  Mill, 
near  Preston,  140, 194 
Hofmann,  F.,  Ratisbon,  5,  109 
Huckett,  Thomas,  26  Britannia  Row, 
Islington,  52,  53,  115, 117 
Inchbald,  Peter,  Storlhes  Hall,  Hudders- 
field, 62,  69,  70,  77, 171,  179, 197,  203 
James,  Joseph,  Leeds,  128 
Janson,  E.  W.,  2 Alma  Road,  Highgate 
Hill,  7 

Johnson,  F.  P.,  Woodburn,  St.  Saviour’s, 
Jersey,  85 

Johnson,  W.,  7 Molvneux  Street,  Bootle, 
Liverpool,  38,  199,  206 
Keays,  F.  Lovell,  33  Gloucester  Place, 
Kentish  Town,  85,  199 
Keeley,  C.  G.,  1 1 Sydney  Terrace,  Marl- 
boro’ Road,  Chelsea,  200 
Keen,  G.,  Avoca  Place,  Thornton  Street, 
Walworth,  28 
Kirby,  F.  W.,  60 

Kirwood,  Rev.  R.,  Sunderland,  133 
Knaggs,  H.  G.,  200 

Lang,  T.  W.,  66  Lambeth  Terrace,  Bouge 
Bouillon,  Jersey,  189 
Lang,  W.,  2 John  Street,  Hamilton, 
N.B.,  77 

Last,  T.,  43  Rope  Walk,  Ipswich,  27 
Leach,  Alfred,  Upper  York  Street,  Wake- 
field, 180 

Lubbock,  John,  11  Mansion  House  Street, 
London,  30,  198 

Lumb,  G.,  Kirkgate,  Wakefield,  147, 
199 

Mawson,  George,  Gill  House,  near  Cock- 
erinouth,  43 

Meldrum,  T.,  Millgate,  Ripon,  75 
Mellor,  Thomas,  Skircoat  Green,  near 
Halifax,  45 

Merlin,  J.,  Gloucester,  91,  198 
Miller,  Charles,  17  Silurian  Terrace, 
Broke  Road,  Dalston,  101 
Miller,  Edwin,  28  Back  George’s  Road, 
Manchester,  148 


M'Garry,  D.,  7 Old  Sneddon  Street, 
Paisley,  199 

M'Lachlan,  R.,  1 Park  Road  Terrace, 
Forest  Hill,  70,  100,  157,  162,  163, 
164 

Morris,  Rev.  F.  0.,  Nunburnholme  Rec- 
tory, Hayton,  York,  181,  194,  206 
Murton,  James,  Silverdale,  near  Lan- 
caster, 165 

Nash,  A.,  10  Eldon  Square,  Reading,  180 
Nixon,  J.,  West  End,  Wigton,  Cumber- 
land, 140 

Palmer,  G.  H.,  Clayfield  House,  Taun- 
ton, 70 

Parke,  George  H.,  Stanway  Old  Hall, 
Halifax,  Yorkshire,  109 
Parry,  T..  Bank,  Merthyr,  171 
Parry,  W.,  310  Oldham  Road,  Man- 
chester, 171,  205 

Perkins,  V.  R.,  Bank  of  England,  New- 
caslle-on-Tyne,  52,  92,  202, 203 
Porter,  T.,  Stott  Hillock,  Bolton-le- 
Moors,  205 

Pryor,  W.  T.  & W.  B , 2 Albert  Villas, 
Haverstock  Hill,  London,  3,  75 
Pugh,  Thomas  R.,  28  Bury  Street,  Pres- 
ton, 75 

Reed,  Rev.  G.  Rudston,  Sutton-on-Der- 
went,  125 

Richardson,  A.  J.,  Farlington  Rectory, 
Havant,  188 

Robson,  J.  E.,  Queen  Street,  Hartle- 
pool, 204 

Ruspini,  F.  O.,  Tamworth,  134,  157,  170 
Russell,  Alexander,  Ashford,  Kent,  91, 
100 

Russell,  J.,  Hallingbury  Place  Gardens, 
Bishops  Stortford,  84 
Ryder,  J. B.,  5 Navy  Row,  Morice  Town, 
91 

Sang,  John,  Darlington,  205 

Sayer,  J.,  Neatishead,  Norfolk,  11,  27,  28 

Scott,  John,  13  Torrington  Villas,  Lee, 

4,  68 

Sharp,  D.,  14  Newcastle  Street,  Strand, 
140 

Smith,  Frederick,  27  Richmond  Crescent, 
Islington,  125 

Smith,  John,  5 Pond  Place,  Pond  Street, 
Hulme,  Manchester,  172 
Stainton,  H.  T„  4,  15,  19,  22,  24,  28,  29, 
32,  45,  61,  68,  87,  93,  101,  102,  104, 
108,  109,  125,  139,  150,  192 
Stedman,  George,  jun.,  Lindfield,  Sussex, 

5,  140,  204 

Steele,  J,,  High  Street,  Congleton,  5 
Stephenson,  H.,  Fisher  Yaril,  Longroyd 
Bridge,  near  Huddersfield,  125 
Stewart,  R.  M.,  3 Park  Place,  Torquay, 
Devon,  147,  178,  202 


2 


INDEX. 


Stone,  S.,  Brighlbampton,  Witney,  28, 
51,54,91  147 

Stonesireei,  Samuel,  R.E.D.,  Buckland, 
Dover,  187 

Swindon,  Isaac,  236  South  Street,  Park, 
Sheffield,  198 

Talbot,  W.,  Crystal  Place,  Wakefield,  1 98 
Taylor,  W.  H.,  Tolson  Street,  Sunny 
Bank,  Leeds,  5 

Tearle,  E.,  Gainsborough,  77,  148 
Teasdel,  Henry,  jun.,  Port  Dues,  Great 
Yarmouth,  118,  172 

Thomas,  W.,  No.  7 Court,  Tom  Cross 
Lane,  Sheffield,  43,  85,  92,  132,  133, 
172,  188 

Tyrer,  R.,  Crouch  End,  Hornsey,  60,  84, 
157,  198 

Tyrer,  R.,  jun..  Hill  House,  Eye,  15 
Varley,  James,  Almondbury  Bank,  Hud- 
dersfield, 199 

Vaughan,  Howard,  14  Gaisford  Street, 
Kentish  Town,  202 

West,  Thomas,  3 Taylor  Street,  Open- 
shaw,  Manchester,  198 
Westwood,  J.  0.,  Oxford  University 
Museum,  119 

White,  F.  B.  W.,  Athole  Place,  Perth, 
31 

Wilkinson,  G.  H.,  30,  173 
Wilkinson,  T.,  Cliff  Bridge  Terrace, 
Scarborough,  61 

Winter,  W.,  Aldeby,  near  Beccles,  16, 
147,  191 

Wormald,  Percy  C.,  10  Priory  Road, 
Kilburn,  1 15,  131 

Worthington,  W.,  10  Meredith  Street, 
Hulme,  Manchester,  2,  19,  27,  28,  59, 
60 

Wrag^'',  Joseph,  7 Spring  Gardens,  Don- 
caster, 118,  141,  148 
Wright,  R.  W.,  4 Gloucester  Terrace, 
Victoria  Park  Road,  67,  70,  85,  202 
Zeller,  Professor,  Meseritz,  19,  164 


\ A- 


OF 

M, 


Harding,  Noah’s  Ark,”  Peter 

Street,  Deal,  Kent,  10 
Keen,  G.,  Avoca  Place,  Thornton  Street, 
Walworth,  186 

Lennon,  W.,  2 New  Market  Street,  Dum- 
fries, 59 

Machin,  William,  96  Grafton  Street, 
Globe  Fields,  Mile  End,  115 
Morgan,  W.,  10  Canrobert  Street,  Beth- 
nal Green  Road,  27 

Pryer,  W.  B.,  2 Albert  Villas,  Haver- 
stock  Hill,  London,  75 
Tyrer,  R.,  C rouch  End , H omsey , London , 
10 


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Dianthsecia  Cucubali,  174 ; No  Pot- 
hunter, 168;  A.  B.,46;  A.  B.  C.,  76; 
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CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS. 
Chappell,  Joseph,  2 Duke  Street,  Hulme, 
Manchester,  59 

Bales,  C.,  53  Orange  Street,  High  Park, 
South  Shields,  10 

Gates,  W.,  17  Providence  Place,  King’s 
Cross.  2 


To  Entomologists. 

Mr.  NEWMAN  will  be  obliged  to 
those  gentlemen  who  have  hitherto 
recorded  observations  on  the  economy  of 
insects,  or  notices  of  captures,  in  the 
‘ IxTELLiGENCER,’  to  forward  the  same 
henceforward  for  publication  in  the 
‘ Zoologist.’ 

Address:  E.  Newman,  9,  Devonshire 
Street,  Bisbopsgate,  N.E. 


Printed  and  published  by  Edward  Newman, 
Printer,  of  No.  9,  Devonshire  Street,  Bishops- 
^rate  Without,  London,  in  the  County  of 
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fci,;  "^-1 


?4-..' 


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