Full text of "Evansia"
VOLUME 23
© March 2006 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society
NUMBER 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Use of Mosses and Lichens as Biomonitors in the study of Air Pollution
Near Mumbai, India
S. CHAKRABORTTY, G. T. PARATKAR, S. K. JHA AND V. D. PURANIK
Acarospora obpallens (Nyl. ex. Hasse) Zahlbr. in the Southeastern United
States
KERRY KNUDSEN
An addition to the lichen flora of New Jersey: the Basidiolichen
Multiclavula vernalis (Schw.) Petersen
MATTHEW P. NELSEN
Hypnum pratense (Musci: Hypnaceae) New to Missouri
CARL E. DARIGO AND NELS HOLMBERG
What do we know about Wisconsin lichens?
JAMES P. BENNETT
New Records for the Leafy Liverwort Calypogeia peruviana Nees et Mont.
(Calypogeiaceae) on the Delmarva Peninsula
WILLIAM A. McAvoy, LANCET. BIECHELE AND WESLEY M. KNAPP
NPLichen Version 3 is Now Available
JAMES P. BENNETT
Announcement Board
ATTENTION: REMINDER ABOUT CHANGES TO EVANSIA
jeer’
19 ~
21
22
EVANSIA
VOLUME 23
MARCH 2006
NUMBER 1
Use of Mosses and Lichens as Biomonitors in the study of Air Pollution
Near Mumbai, India
S. CHAKRABORTTY AND G. T. PARATKAR *
KET’S V. G. Vaze College Of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mithagar Road, Mulund (E), Mumbai-400081, India
S. K. JHA AND V. D. PURANIK
Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay-400085, India
*Corresponding author: email: gtparatkar@hotmail.com; Tel. no: +91-22-25681004; Fax. No: +91-22-25914262.
Abstract. Trace element composition of two mosses namely Pinnatella alopccuroides and Bryum
splachnoides and two lichens Parmotrema cf. crinitum and Leptogium cf. gelatinosum were compared
to that of air in Mahabaleshwar. Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), trace element analysis was performed. It was
found that the moss Bryum splachnoides can be used as effective biomonitor for As, Br, Sb and Zn
similarly Parmotrema cf. crinitum can be used as a biomonitor for Zn, and Leptogium cf. gelatinosum
as a suitable biomonitor for Sb, and As.
Keywords. Pinnatella alopccuroides, Parmotrema cf. crinitum, Leptogium cf. gelatinosum, Bryum
splachnoides, trace element, bioindicator
INTRODUCTION
Lichens and mosses can be used as biomonitors
of air pollution as they are highly dependent on
atmospheric sources for nutrients due to their specific
capacity for absorbing and accumulating trace levels
of pollutants from the air. (Bergamaschi, Rizzio,
Valcuvia, Verza, Profumo, & Gallorini 2002)
In this work, we evaluated the use of some
lichens and mosses to monitor air pollution in
Mahabaleshwar, a remote area in Mumbai, India. The
data was analyzed to generate information about the
contribution of heavy metals from distant emission
sources (Berg and Steinnes 1997). Analyses were
performed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Instrumental Neutron
Activation Analysis INAA).
Comparisons between Enrichment Factors (EFs)
obtained from air sample analysis and from lichens,
helped in determining which moss and lichen species
might be effectively used as biomonitors for the study
area (Bergamaschi, Rizzio, Giaveri, Profumo, Loppi
& Gallorini 2004).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area: The study site, Mahabaleshwar is
located at 17.58°N and 73.43°E at 4500 feet (1372m)
above sea level in the heart of the Sahyadri Hills in
Satara District, Maharastra, in the midst of dense
forest. The 1200m sequence of Mahabaleshwar is
about 140km South East of Mumbai (Fig. 1). Annual
rainfall for this site is 6250 mm. The site is generally
free from industry and vehicular activity. The
sampling area is located at about 300km away from
the main industrial town of Mumbai.
SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION
Moss samples namely Pinnatella alopccuroides
(Hook.) Feisch. and Bryum splachnoides (Harv.)
Muell.Hal. were collected according to the protocol
adopted by the European Heavy Metal Survey
(Gerdol, Bragazza, Marchesini & Alber. et al 2000).
Moss samples were collected at a distance of at least
500 m from main roads, 200 m from local roads and 1
km from inhabited areas. Samples were taken in
forest glades or an open heath to reduce through-fall
effects from the forest canopy. Each sample consisted
of 5-10 sub samples collected within an area of 50 m?
(Steinnes, Berg, & Sjobakk 2003). This was done to
make each moss sample representative of a
reasonably large area (Berg & Steinnes 1995).
Lichen samples of Parmotrema cf crinitum
(Arch.) M. Choisy and Leptogium cf. gelatinosum
(With.) J. R. Laundon were collected from trees at a
height of between 1.5 and 2 m, put into clean plastic
bags, and transported to the laboratory. Special care
was taken in selecting trees of similar age, while
avoiding samples from fallen, decayed or young trees
(Sloof, J-E 1993).
Samples were sorted to remove extraneous
material and washed with distilled water. Samples
were then homogenized using a mortar and pestle and
freeze dried (Brown 1984). One gram of dried,
homogenized powder was mixed with ultra pure
cellulose powder and pressed into pellets using a 20
ton hydraulic press. Pellets were then analyzed using
an EDXRF model 3600, Jordon Valley using suitable
transmission filters to remove primary beam
continuation and provide monochromatic target-line
excitation sources (Jha & Puranik, 2002). To obtain
optimum excitation for low Z elements (like Al, V) a
Cu filter was used, while a Mo filter was used to
analyze Zn, Pb, Rb, Sr. The details of analytical
methodologies are described in Jha et.al (2002).
EVANSIA
For INAA analysis, a 30 mg homogenized moss
sample was packed in a double sealed polythene bag
and sent along with 30 mg of Certified Reference
Material lichen 336 IAEA (International Atomic
Energy Agency) and 25mg of Standard Reference
Material of 1648 NIST (National Institute of
Standards And Technology).
They were irradiated in a thermal neutral column
at the Apsara Reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre for 7 hrs with a neutron flux of 107
neutron/em”/sec. The counting system consists of an
PCA based PHAST card coupled with a HPGe
detector of 25% relative efficiency and a resolution of
1.8 kev at 1332 kev. Na, As, and Br, were detected
after three days of cooling while other elements like
Sr, Sb, Fe, Zn, Cr, Rb were measured after 4 weeks.
Quantification was carried out comparing the peak
area of a particular element in the sample with peak
areas for elements in certified reference standards.
For quality control standard reference materials
of CRM lichen 338 from IAEA were simultaneously
analyzed.
Airborne particulate matter was collected on
Whatman Filter Paper with a high volume air sampler
from 5 meters above ground level at a flow rate of
1000 liter per minute for twentyfour hours. Loaded
filter papers were stored in air tight bags and a round
area of 16 cm” was analyzed using EDXRF. A
4x4=16cm’ was retained for INAA analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Enrichment Factor (EF) of an element gives
information on its anthropomorpic origin and can be
calculated using the following equation: EF = Cx/Cn
(ambient): Cx/Cn (background) where Cx is the
concentration of the X element whose enrichment is
to be determined and Cn is the concentration of the
normalizing element assumed to be uniquely
characteristic of the background.
In our case ambient samples consisted of air
particulate matter or lichens while background
samples consisted of surrounding soils (Bergamaschi
& Rizzio, 2002).
Using aluminum as the reference crustal element
for normalization by analysing the air particulate
matter and soil samples, the EF values of 18 elements
were calculated. In the case of Cl, Fe, and K both
mosses contained higher concentrations than air
samples. In contrast, concentrations of Pb, Sr, and V
in mosses were lower than air samples. Zn, Br, Sc,
and Sb levels in Bryum splachnoides were
comparable to levels in air samples identifying it as a
suitable biomonitor. Pinnatella alopccuroides proved
to be a good biomonitor for Zn. Similarly,
Parmotrema cf. crinitum can be used as a biomonitor
for Zn, and Leptogium cf. gelatinosum for Sb and As.
CONCLUSION
The combined use of biomonitors and nuclear
techniques such as EDXRF and INAA is very
effective for the evaluation of trace element
distribution from atmospheric pollution sources.
Pantelica et al. (2002) showed that EFs obtained from
the analysis of local soils provide important
information for documenting which mosses and
lichens are most suitable as biomonitors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to acknowledge Dr. Robert Magill,
Director of Research, Missouri Botanical Garden, for
his kind help in identifying the moss species for this
project.
LITERATURE CITED
Bergamaschi, L., E. Rizzio, M. G. Valcuvia, G.
Verza, A. Profumo & M. Gallorini. 2002.
Determination of trace elements and evaluation
of their enrichment factors in Himalayan lichens.
Environmental Pollution 120: 137-144.
Bergamaschi, L., E. Rizzio, G. Giaveri, A. Profumo,
S. Loppi & M. Gallorini. 2004. Determination of
baseline element composition of lichens using
samples from high elevation. Chemosphere 55:
933-939.
Berg T., & E. Steinnes. 1997. Use of mosses
Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi
as biomonitors of heavy metal deposition: From
relative to absolute deposition values.
Environmental Pollution 98: 61-71.
Berg T., & E. Steinnes. 1995. Recent Trends in
atmospheric deposition of trace elements in
Norway as evident from the 1995 moss survey.
The Science Of the Total Environment 208: 197-
206.
Brown, D. H. 1984. Uptake of mineral elements and
their use in pollution monitoring, pp. 229-255. Jn
A. F. Dyer & J. G. Decbett (eds.), Experimental
Biology of Bryophytes. Academic Press,
London.
Volume 23 (1)
Gerdol R., L. Bragazza, R. Marchesini & R. Alber.
2000. Monitoring of heavy metal deposition in
Northern Italy by moss Analysis. Environmental
Pollution 108: 201-208.
Jha, S. K. & V. D. Puranik. 2002. “Application of
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
Techniques for Elemental Analysis of
Environmental Matrices”, Proceedings of XRF
Workshop on Application in nonferrous
materials and related industries. (CD report on
conference)
Sloof, J. E. 1993. Environmental Lichenology:
Biomonitoring trace element Pollution, Ph.D
thesis. Interfacultair Reactor Instituut, Delft
University of Technology.
Steinnes, E., T. Berg & T. E. Sjobakk. 2003.
Temporal and spatial trends in Hg deposition
monitored by moss analysis. The Science Of the
Total Environment 304: 215-219.
Pantelica, A., V. Cercasov, E. Steinnes, P. Bode &
H. Wolterbeek. 2002. Use of nuclear and atomic
techniques in air pollution studies by transplant
lichen exposure, bulk deposition and airborne
particulate matter collection. HIPAN Conference
Neptun, Romania, September 2-6, 2002.
TABLE 1. Amount of trace elements in the mosses Pinnatella alopccuroides and
Bryum splachnoides from Mahabaleshwar (Results are in mg/kg
Pinnatella alopccuroides Bryum splachnoides
985.23
769.98
12658.00
1.00
4.96
9.65
Na
r
1069.99 1145.32 | 985.23 1045.60
879.76 1569.25 | 1365.98 1464.21
14446.96 | 16985.69 | 15369.21 | 15935.64
ea eae
11.08 13.36 11.45
0.46 3.69 2.45
3.71 6.58 3.98
3097.17 3015.36 | 2659.15 2944.85
2508.87 1569.58 | 1339.65 1426.81
104.59 75.62 65.25 68.57
15.65 29.65 25.36 27.09
4854.34 4996.32 | 4236.23 4680.63
2001.32
98.32
| 198 | 0.34
20.43 12.87
eee a
0.12
0.65
4756.32
EREGCGCCLBGEGEGLECU
EVANSIA
TABLE 2. Amount of trace elements in the lichens Parmotrema cf. crinitum and
p gelatinosum (Results are in mg
Parmotrema cf. crinitum
Elements Mean value Mean value
Leptogium cf. gelatinosum
ll
&
3
S:
Ss
3
°
rh
cf
1896.32 | 1298.66 1563.65 1025.36 924.08
eee rae
1596.26 | 1498.36 1502.46 1459.36 | 1256.32 | 1348.32
19856.32 | 14698.25 | 15641.37 9856.32 | 9125.36 | 9084.42
eo ees: RS
| ea Ee
Cr 35.62 30.21 32.06 0.05 0.01
K 3965.21 | 3125.12 3627.44 2139.36 | 2015.36 | 2185.05
EEE seg AOS
Cl 2659.32 | 1996.32 2291.68 1320.36 | 1196.32 | 1203.79
56.31 76.69 46.32
Al
Na
Ca
Rb
Pb
Sr
1.90
2.57 1.54 1.65 6.58 5.12 5.67
A
B
S
L
Cc
r
b
a
e
Fe
Volume 23 (1)
EVANSIA
MUMBAI
ARABIAN MAHABALESHWAR
SEA
Figure 1. Map showing the location of Mahabaleshwar relative to Mumbai
Volume 23 (1)
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Volume 23 (1)
Acarospora obpallens (Nyl. ex. Hasse) Zahlbr. in the Southeastern United
States
KERRY KNUDSEN
The Herbarium, Dept. of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92591-0124; email:
kk999@msn.com
Acarospora obpallens (Nyl. ex Hasse) Zahlbr.
was thought to be a terricolous lichen endemic to
California (Knudsen 2004 ). Taxonomic studies for
the Sonoran flora found that the species was much
more common on sandstone and acid rock throughout
western North America. Now placed in synonymy are
two names applied to saxicolous specimens from
Arizona: Acarospora carnegiei Zahlbr. and A.
tucsonensis H. Magn. (Knudsen 2005; Knudsen in
press)
The dispersed-to-clustered areoles of A.
obpallens are yellow-brown to dark brown, usually
0.2-0.7 mm in diameter, round with a single brown
immersed apothecium. The areoles are epruinose to
very heavily pruinose. The upper surface is smooth or
rugulose with a distinct foveolate formation of small
pits around the disc. These pits are distinctive and are
not associated with a primordium and are abundant in
most specimens. The simple, hyaline, ellipsoid
ascospores are 3.9-5(-7.1) x 1.0-1.9(-2.5) um. The
paraphyses are 1.5-2.4 um diameter at their base with
usually unexpanded apices often with dark caps. The
cortex contains gyrophoric acid (major), lecanoric
acid (minor), hiascic acid (minor), 3-
hydroxygyrophoric acid (trace), and methyl
lecanorate (trace) (John A. Elix, pers com.) The spot
test reaction is best seen on a mounted section with
KC and is pink-red. Specimens sometimes test
negative but still have same chemistry.
For general identification the small pits around
the apothecium, the rounded areoles with a single
immersed disc, and the C+/KC+ pink-red reaction of
the cortex are sufficient for identification. Currently
A. obpallens is known from California, Utah,
Arizona, and New Mexico, with a single disjunct
occurrence of sterile areoles in Washington (hb.
McCune). It appears to be most abundant in southern
California and from Tucson north to Maricopa
County in Arizona.
Until recently, most specimens seen were
identified as A. fuscata or the C test was not clearly
observed and they were identified as various C-
species.
The following specimens extend the range of A.
obpallens into the southeastern United States, with
collections from Louisiana, Virginia, and North
Carolina. The specimens occurred in small dispersed
patches and could easily be overlooked.
USA: Louisiana: Natchitoches Parish: Kisatchie
National Forest. On tertiary sandstone outcrops.
Shirley Tucker # 17473 (SBBG!)
USA: Virginia: Shenandoah National Park:
Skyline Drive. Elev. 2700 ft. On old, low rock wall.
(Phyllis Jhrman) Don Flenniken #7422 (hb.
Flenniken!)
USA: North Carolina: Transylvania County:
Gorges State Park, southwest face of Grassy Ridge,
Snake Rock. 35° 05’45” N 82° 57° 25” W. Elev.
3150-3200 ft. James C. Lendermer #4937 & Erin
Tripp (hb. Lendermer!)
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of Acarospora obpallens in the
southeastern United States is an exciting range
extension. The emerging distribution patterns of
Acarosporaceae in North America, many of which are
adapted to pioneer rock outcrops in full sun, will add
to our understanding of the continental pattern of the
distribution of saxicolous crustose lichens.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Special thanks to John A. Elix, Don Flennekin,
James C. Lendemer, Shirley C. Tucker, and Clifford
Wetmore, as well as Genevieve Lewis-Gentry at FH.
I thank Don Flennekin and Shirley C. Tucker for
reviewing this paper.
LITERATURE CITED
EVANSIA
10
Knudsen, K. 2004: A study of Acarosporas in the Knudsen. K. (in press) Acarospora in Nash et al.,
lichen flora of the Santa Cruz Peninsula by A. W. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Region,
C. T. Herre. Bulletin of the California Lichen Vol. 3.
Society 11(1): 10-15. Nash III, T.H., B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, &
Knudsen, K 2005: Lichens of the Santa Monica F. Bungartz (eds.), Lichen flora of the Greater
Mountains, Part One. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: Sonoran Desert region, Vol. 3. Lichens
27-36 Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. (in
press)
11
Volume 23 (1)
An addition to the lichen flora of New Jersey: the Basidiolichen
Multiclavula vernalis (Schw.) Petersen
MATTHEW P. NELSEN
Dept. of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, email: mpnelsen@wisc.edu
Multiclavula represents one of a small number of
lichenized Basidiomycete genera (Oberwinkler 2001).
Multiclavula vernalis occurs throughout eastern
North America (Brodo et al. 2001) and is one of the
most widespread of all Multiclavula species (Petersen
1967; Petersen & Kantvilas 1986). It is typically
found growing over an algal crust on soil, and forms
cream to orange basidiocarps (Petersen 1967; Brodo
et al. 2001). Because of the ephemeral nature of the
basidiocarps, Multiclavula species may frequently go
unnoticed, and are most likely much more common
than reported. A search of the literature, including
Lendemer (in press) revealed no previous collections
of Multiclavula vernalis from New Jersey. This
publication reports the first record of this taxon for
the state.
Multiclavula
(Clavariaceae)
NEW JERSEY. Atlantic County: Wharton State
Forest, along the Orange/Yellow trail, west of Batsto
Village, approximately 39°38°46”N, 74°39’37”"W.
Found once, growing in an open area on a sandy bank
along the trailside in a Pinus rigida gap. 20 May
2004, Nelsen 3985 (WIS).
vernalis (Schw.) Petersen
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Susan Will-Wolf and Anne Reis for
organization and logistics, and Susan Will-Wolf for
reviewing this paper. James Lendemer, Marie Trest
and Carrie Andrew provided valuable discussion and
Gill Weika and Barry Lilac are thanked for collecting
permits.
LITERATURE CITED
Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff & S. Sharnoff (2001)
Lichens of North America. Yale University
Press, New Haven and London. 795 pp.
Lendemer, J.C. (in press) Contributions to the lichen
flora of New Jersey: A preliminary checklist of
the lichens of Wharton State Forest. Opuscula
Philolichenum 3: 21-40.
Oberwinkler, F. (2001) Basidiolichens. Pp. 211-225
in The Mycota IX: Fungal Associations, B. Hock
(Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Petersen, R.H. (1967) Notes on clavarioid fungi IX:
Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida
complex. American Midland Naturalist 77: 205-
221.
Petersen, R.H. & G. Kantvilas (1986) Three lichen-
forming clavarioid fungi from Tasmania.
Australian Journal of Botany 34: 217-222.
12
EVANSIA
Hypnum pratense (Musci: Hypnaceae) New to Missouri
CARL E. DARIGO
Research Associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis MO 63166; email: carl.darigo@sbcglobal.net
NELS HOLMBERG
530 W. Whiskey Creek Road, Washington MO 63090; email: nholmberg@fidnet.com
Shannon County, one of Missouri’s largest
counties, is located in the southeastern part of the
state, on the Salem Plateau of the Interior Highlands
of North America. The area is dominated by upland
oak-hickory forests, but there are also a number of
rich and diverse sites, such as rivers, springs, creeks
and fens. The Mark Twain National Forest occupies
considerable acreage within the county. Alan Brant
and the junior author conducted a botanical survey
within the National Forest, primarily searching for
herbaceous plants, but also on the alert for any
unusual bryophytes.
In the far, northeastern section of Shannon
County runs a small creek, Bound Branch, at an
elevation of 1,060 feet, in a valley located 200 feet
below the surrounding ridges. Several seeps plus a
large fen are also located in the valley. Along this
creek, the searchers found an unusual moss growing
in extensive mats, on partially shaded, moist soil,
along a shallow, pooled area of a seep. This moss
turned out to be Hypnum pretense Koch ex Spruce, a
Missouri state record.
Hypnum pratense Koch ex Spruce Shannon
County, Missouri, 13 May 2005, Holmberg & Brant
1027 (MO). Plants bright green to golden, in dense
mats, stems prostrate and creeping, with hylodermis
and central strand, pseudoparaphyllia narrowly
foliose, leaves complanate, erect-spreading in two
curving rows, stem leaves 1.7—2.2 x 0.6-0.8 mm,
weakly falcate, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate,
concave, rounded at insertion, not or weakly
decurrent, apex acute to broadly acuminate, margins
serrulate above, plane, costa absent or short and
double, median cells smooth, linear, 60-80 x 4-5
mm, alar cells somewhat enlarged in small groups at
the inner basal angle. The plants matched very well to
material from Grout, North American Musci Perfecti
349 (MO). Hypnum pratense is one of the more
difficult Hypnum species to identify; being dioicious,
determinations usually must be based on
gametophytic characters. Allen (1996) gives a
detailed description of the species and in particular,
differences from Hypnum lindbergii Mitt.
Hypnum pratense has been reported by Crum &
Anderson (1981) from Newfoundland to British
Columbia, south to the Great Lakes region, and east
to Virginia and North Carolina. The presence of H.
pratense in Missouri represents a southwestern range
extension for the species. Other Hypnum species
reported in Missouri are H. cupressiforme Hedw. var.
filiforme Brid., H. curvifolium Hedw., H. imponens
Hedw., H. lindbergii Mitt.and H. pallescens (Hedw.)
P. Beauv.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank Bruce Allen for
confirming the determination and furnishing support
for this paper.
LITERATURE CITED
Allen, B. H. 1996. The Genus Hypnum (Hypnaceae:
Musci) in Maine. Evansia 13(4): 121-156.
Crum, H. A. & L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. Vol. 2. Columbia
University Press, New York.
13
Volume 23 (1)
What do we know about Wisconsin lichens?
JAMES P. BENNETT
Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; email: jpbbennet@wisc.edu
Wisconsin is fortunate to have had many
lichenologists and a long history of lichenology
(Thomson 2003). For example, corticolous
communities of lichens were documented thoroughly
in northern Wisconsin (Culberson 1955), south-
central Wisconsin (Beals 1965) and southern
Wisconsin (Hale 1955; Cole 1977) using ecological
plot methods. Lichens on sandstone and limestone
rock outcrops were studied by Foote (1966). Others
are reviewed by Thomson (2003). These ecological
surveys focused on frequency and coverage of lichens
on their substrates, and their associations. They are
applicable to other, similar areas of the state because
of the random sampling methods used. However, they
suffer from one problem: many rare species are not
discovered because the plots used may not be located
where rare species occur. The entire lichen flora of an
area is found in a variety of habitat types and all of
them must be studied using prior knowledge of where
to look. Collecting of lichens specifically for
documenting the flora (floristic surveys) has been
done throughout the state, but the most complete
lichen floras for the state are for the Apostle Islands
National Lakeshore (Wetmore 1990) and the St.
Croix National Scenic Riverway (Wetmore &
Bennett 2004). At the county level, Ashland County
currently has the highest number of lichen species,
291, because of the work done at Apostle Islands.
Kenosha County, however, has only one lichen
species recorded, which is obviously wrong — the
county has simply not been studied.
The most recent compilation of the lichens of
Wisconsin lists 662 species in 164 genera (Thomson
2003, Bennett & Wetmore 2004). This is about 130
species fewer than the neighboring states of
Minnesota and Michigan (Bennett & Wetmore 2004),
which are ecologically comparable. There are several
possible reasons for this discrepancy with
neighboring states.
First, the documented number of collected
specimens from Wisconsin in Thomson (2003) and
other sources (Bennett unpublished) is over 7,320,
which is about one fifth the total for Minnesota
(Wetmore unpublished) and about half of the number
for Michigan (A. Fryday, personal communication).
Collecting in Wisconsin has obviously been less than
in Michigan and Minnesota. This works out to about
11 specimens per species, with a median value of six.
Most species are collected very rarely.
Collecting across the state has been very uneven
(Fig. 1 & 2). It is clearly concentrated in the northern
tier of counties, along the Wisconsin River valley,
and several southwestern counties. Obviously
counties that have not been studied very much could
have more new species to add to the state list. In
addition, the number of species across the state, while
not expected to be even (see below), is nevertheless
concentrated in the same counties having had the
most collecting. Obviously the number of collections
and the number of species are very highly correlated
(r = 0.94, P < 0.001).
Other reasons for the deficiency in species
numbers for the state include:
¢ New species are still being discovered. For
example, a recent workshop for lichenologists
doing five days of field work in three northern
counties uncovered 47 new records for
Wisconsin (Lay 2004), and I have found
several species on limestone in counties along
the Mississippi River that are also new state
records.
Crustose life forms are under-collected. An
analysis of the life form distribution of the
Wisconsin flora shows that 44% of the species
are foliose, 32% crustose, 22% fruticose and
the remaining 2% squamulose. The
distribution of life forms in the lichen genera
for North America is 52% crustose, 15%
foliose, 11% fruticose, and the rest are either
squamulose, lichenicolous fungi, or other
types. Assuming the distribution in species is
similar to that of genera, the deficiency in
crustose species in Wisconsin is evident. Many
more crustose species remain to be discovered.
Many large counties have not been surveyed.
A fundamental relationship in ecology is that
14
the larger the geographic unit, the more species
should be found there. In Wisconsin, there is a
significant and moderate correlation between
lichen diversity and county area (r = 0.55, P<
0.001, Fig. 3). Given what we know above
about collecting and the number of species it is
evident that more species will be found, and
probably more will be found in the larger
counties that are undercollected, e.g. Marathon
County.
¢ A multiple regression model relating lichen
species numbers to county area, number of
collections, forested acreage, farm acreage,
population, housing units, total road mileage,
average temperature and precipitation found
that only two variables affected lichen species:
population and collections (Table 1).
Population decreased species while collections
increased them. The lack of relationships with
the other variables is further evidence the
lichen species numbers are incomplete.
In addition to the six extirpated species described
earlier (Bennett & Wetmore 2004), there are also 41
species of macrolichens (foliose and fruticose life
forms) being considered for protection as rare and
endangered species. Almost 60% of the species occur
in the northern part of the state. Some of the extinct
species occur in the southern part. These species
exist(ed) in 43% of the counties and they represent
7% of the total lichen flora of the state. One species
was last collected in 1884, but others were collected
only recently. There was very little overlap with the
rare species in Michigan and Minnesota, leaving 38
species rare only in Wisconsin.
THE FUTURE IS UNCERTAIN
We have a paradox: lichens have been extirpated
in Wisconsin, yet new species are discovered
periodically. The number of lichen species listed in
our floras will surely increase over time as more
collecting is done. But this is due to collecting itself,
and does not represent lichens that have only recently
made Wisconsin their home. The lichens that are
being found now have probably been here all along,
but we didn’t know it. That is why a plot of species
over time would show an increase even though we are
losing species to extinction. The common species in
Wisconsin are well known. Most species that are
found now are uncommon or obscure, and are
classified as rare species. Unfortunately, these are
EVANSIA
often also the most vulnerable to extinction. This
places the future of lichens in Wisconsin in a
precarious position. Rare species will be found but
will also go extinct, and eventually the diversity of
lichen species will level off, probably somewhere
between 750 and 800 species, and then begin a slow
decline as no more new species are found. Common,
pollution-tolerant, and weedy species will prevail and
the flora will gradually become stable numerically,
less species-rich and more geographically
homogenous.
In addition, Wisconsin may be losing species that
we don’t even know are here. If surveys are not done,
the undiscovered rare species could go extinct
without our knowing it. The impression that
Wisconsin is a well-studied area for lichens has led to
some complacency about the need for surveys.
Recently I have been collecting in Wisconsin State
Natural Areas in the southwestern part of the state
and have discovered new species and county records
almost every time I collect. Careful surveying and
collecting is still critically needed in many areas of
the state.
The future of lichenology in Wisconsin requires
building on our current knowledge using a number of
approaches. First, a baseline inventory of the entire
state would capture a moment in time that would be
invaluable for future comparisons. Second, inventory
studies are definitely needed in wunder-collected
counties and special areas. Third, surveys for rare
lichens should be undertaken by very diligent and
thorough searching in special habitats. And fourth,
common lichens can be monitored by establishing
permanent plots and following them through time.
Finally, this information can help direct conservation
efforts that are essential for saving species on the
edge of extinction.
In conclusion, the lichen picture for Wisconsin is
incomplete because collecting has not been
performed evenly across the state. The southeastern
and west-central portions of the state are the least
studied. We are unable to analyze lichen distributions
effectively because of these gaps in our knowledge.
We do know, however, from the history of air
pollution, historical records, and the relationship with
human population that lichens are in decline
statewide. In the south, few disturbance and air
pollution sensitive species are left. In the north, rare
species are still found, but increasing risk factors
make them vulnerable. More collecting is needed in
15
certain areas, and conservation of threatened species
should be fostered.
LITERATURE CITED
Beals, E. W. 1965. Ordination of some corticolous
cryptogamic communities in south-central
Wisconsin. Oikos 16: 1-8.
Bennett, J. P. & C. M. Wetmore. 2004. Proposed list
of extinct, rare and./or endangered macrolichens
in Wisconsin. Mycotaxon 89: 169-180.
Cole, M. S. 1977. The ecology of lichens and
bryophytes in the Kickapoo River valley,
southwestern Wisconsin. PhD Thesis, University
of Wisconsin- Madison.
Culberson, W. L. 1955. The corticolous communities
of lichens and bryophytes in the upland forests of
northern Wisconsin. Ecol. Mono. 25: 215-231.
TABLE 1. Multiple regression of number of lichen species against nine variables*
a
25.784 0.819
Area (square miles) -0.035 -0.913 0.365
Volume 23 (1)
Foote, K. G. 1966. The vegetation of lichen and
bryophytes on limestone outcrops in the driftless
area of Wisconsin. The Bryologist 69: 265-292.
Hale, Jr., M. E. 1955. Phytosociology of corticolous
cryptogams in the upland forests of southern
Wisconsin. Ecology 36: 45-63.
Lay, E. 2004. Wisconsin lichens and lichenicolous
fungi collected during the 2002 Tuckerman
Lichen Workshop. Evansia 21: 17-35.
Thomson, J. W. 2003. Lichens of Wisconsin.
Wisconsin State Herbarium, Department of
Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Wetmore, C. M. 1990. Lichens of Apostle Islands
National Lakeshore. Mich. Bot. 29: 65-73.
Wetmore, C. M. & Bennett, J. P. 2004. 2003 Lichen
Studies in St. Croix National Scenic Riverway.
Final Report. St. Croix National Scenic
Riverway, St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin.
T T probability
0.451
Road miles 0.007
Population density 0.013 0.642 0.523
2003 Housing units 0.002 0.104
15.703
0351
0.000
R= 0.905, SE, = 22.4, N = 72 counties, variables significant at 0.05 probability in bold font.
16 EVANSIA
Number of Lichen Collections
282 - 375
375 - 469
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FIGURE 1. Number of lichen collections by county
Volume 23 (1)
Number of Lichen Species
130 - 162
162 - 194
194 - 227
227 - 259
259 - 291
‘ fi
SNR f
OS AES SeORe f
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oa
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WALGER A RANT QE
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FIGURE 2. Number of lichen species by county
18 EVANSIA
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i y
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FIGURE 3. Relationship between number of lichen species and county area in Wisconsin*
*Dashed line indicates best fit linear regression (Species = 0.123 * area — 23.7, R =0.55)
19
Volume 23 (1)
New Records for the Leafy Liverwort Calypogeia peruviana Nees et Mont.
(Calypogeiaceae) on the Delmarva Peninsula
WILLIAM A. MCAvoy
Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Div. Fish & Wildlife, 4876 Haypoint Landing Rd., Smyrna, DE ; email:
william.mcavoy@state.de.us
LANCE T. BIECHELE
Research Assistant, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Ave, 21801, Salisbury, MD ; email: ltb0076@yahoo.com
WESLEY M. KNAPP
Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, 909 Wye Mills Rd, Wye Mills MD 21679:
email: wknapp@dnr.state.md.us
Abstract. Calypogeia peruviana Nees et Mont.
is a tropical-subtropical leafy liverwort that has
been reported as far north as the southeastern
Coastal Plain of North Carolina. This report
now extends the range of C. peruviana northward
along the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the Delmarva
Peninsula, with stations in Delaware, Maryland
and Virginia.
INTRODUCTION
Calypogeia _peruviana Nees et Mont.
(Calypogeiaceae) is a tropical-subtropical leafy
liverwort that is widespread in South and Central
America and Mexico, and extends eastward through
the Gulf Coastal Plain, to as far north as the
southeastern Coastal Plain of North Carolina.
Westward this species has been reported from the
mountains of North and South Carolina, as well as in
east Tennessee (Schuster 1969, Hicks 1992).
Calypogeia peruviana has also recently been reported
from the Ouachita Mountain region near Hot Springs,
Arkansas (Haley and Marsh 2002). The present report
extends the range of C. peruviana northward along
the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the Delmarva Peninsula.
DISCUSSION
The Delmarva Peninsula lies entirely within the
Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province of the
eastern United States and consists of the Eastern
Shore’s of Maryland and Virginia, and the majority
of the state of Delaware [the northern portion of
Delaware lies within the Piedmont Physiographic
province (Plank & Schenk 1998)]. In 2003, the first
author collected C. peruviana from a Taxodium
distichum Rich. swamp in Worcester Co., Maryland,
where it was found growing on hummocks and in
hollows with other bryophytes. These include:
Syrrhopodon texanus Sull. and Telaranea nematodes
(Gott.) Howe (two other species with more southern
or Atlantic Coastal Plain distributions),
Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trev., Pallavicinia
lyellii (Hook.) Carruth., and Trichocolea tomentella
(Ehrh.) Dum. This record marks a northern range
extension for the species and a new addition to the
hepatic flora of Delmarva (McAvoy, Biechele, and
Knapp, Annotated Checklist of the Liverworts and
Hornworts of the Delmarva Peninsula, 2006, in
prep). This collection (Worcester Co., Maryland,
2003, McAvoy 622BR, pers. hb.; ABSH) was
confirmed by Dr. Raymond Stotler from Southern
Illinois University, where a duplicate specimen has
been deposited. This record marks a northern range
extension for the species and a new addition to the
hepatic flora of Maryland. Subsequent to the 2003
collection, the first author has since discovered this
distinctive species with blue-green leaves (the result
of blue oil bodies) in the following counties of
Delmarva, where it grows primarily on humus and
logs in shady, wet swamps, often with Atlantic white
cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP)]:
Delaware, Sussex Co., 2005, McAvoy 825BR, pers.
hb.; Maryland, Dorchester Co., 2004, McAvoy &
Biechele 786BR. pers. hb.; Virginia, Accomack Co.,
2004, McAvoy 779BR, pers. hb. The Sussex Co., DE
collection marks the northern extreme for the species
and is about 300 miles (483 kilometers) north of the
20
Onslow Co., NC occurrence reported in Hicks
(1992).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank Dr. Raymond E. Stotler
for verifying our identification of Calypogeia
peruviana, reviewing this document, and for
recognizing the importance of this discovery.
LITERATURE CITED
Haley, J.A. and D.L. Marsh. 2002. Abstract: A
distinctive leafy liverwort in the Arkansas
Ouachitas. Arkansas Academy of Science, 2002
Annual Meeting, University of Arkansas at Little
Rock. <www.ualr.edu/aas/abstracts.html>
EVANSIA
Hicks, M.L. 1992. Guide to the Liverworts of North
Carolina. Duke University Press, Durham, North
Carolina, 239 pp.
McAvoy, W.A., L.T. Biechele, and W.M. Knapp. In
preparation: Annotated Checklist of the
Liverworts and Hornworts of the Delmarva
Peninsula.
Plank, M.O. and W.S. Schenck. 1998. Delaware
Piedmont Geology. Delaware Geological Survey,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware,
Special Publication No.20, 69 pp.
Schuster, R. M. 1969. The Hepaticae and
Anthocerotae of North America, East of the
Hundredth Meridian, Vol. IJ. Columbia
University Press, New York. pp. 156-164.
21
Volume 23 (1)
NPLichen Version 3 is Now Available
JAMES P. BENNETT
Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; email: jpbennet@wisc.edu
March 9, 2006
Since the launch of NPLichen Version 2 in
February, 2005, almost 2,200 new records of lichens
in national park units were received for entry into the
database. This required a significant expansion of the
database, and many hours of work to update the
tables and summary. This resulted in Version 3,
which is available now at www.ies.wisc.edu/nplichen.
The new version now contains over 28,300 records,
2,550 taxa (an increase of 157), and 149 parks (5 new
parks were added). In addition, 69 parks had data
changed or increased, and the number of references
were increased by 34 to 487. The number of species
that occur only once in the national parks, i.e. in only
one park, increased by 81 to 795.
Version 3.0’s nomenclature is based on the June
14, 2005 version of Esslinger’s checklist (Version
10). This resulted in decreases in the number of
misidentified species from 140 to 116, and in the
number of taxa not yet in Esslinger from 96 to 76.
This is because many of the taxa have now been
described or published, and are now included in
Esslinger’s checklist. In addition, the number of
synonyms has decreased, resulting in a few parks
with fewer taxa than in Version 2.
Mapping functionality was added to the website
later in 2005. When querying for a_ species
distribution in parks, users may select using radio
buttons a list of parks where it is found, or a simple
map. In addition, a lichen mapper is also available
through linked text in the narrative. The lichen
mapper adds zooming, printing, querying, and other
tools to the mapping function. This service was
provided by the U. S. Geological Survey, National
Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI.
The total number of visits to NPLichen from
February, 2005 to February, 2006 was 2,446, with an
average of 7 visitors/day. The website tracker
recorded visits from 69 countries, although the United
States led the list.
Many thanks to the individuals who sent in
lichen records for inclusion in the database, including
Irwin Brodo, Bill Buck, Richard Harris, Katie Glew,
Urs Groner, Kerry Knudsen, Scott LaGreca, Hallie
Larsen, James Lendemer, Cliff Smith, Mary
Stensvold, Cliff Wetmore, and if I left anyone out
please let me know. I also thank Kara Jensen for her
careful and diligent work on the database.
EVANSIA
Announcement Board:
At the direction of the ABLS Executive
Committee we are implementing a two stage
upgrade to Evansia. With volume 23 we are
upgrading paper quality with a switch to a two
column format. We have also instituted an
author-solicited peer-review system.
Effective with issue 22 (1) the senior author of
each manuscript published in Evansia receives an
electronic copy of their paper as a pdf file.
Please remember that at least one author on each
manuscript must have a current subscription to
Evansia.
We would like to apologize for the mistake in the
header numbering in issue 22 (4).
Bryology & lichenology - Eagle Hill seminars
2006
Seminars at the Humboldt Institute on the coast
of Maine!
Lichens and Lichen Ecology
May 21 - 27, 2006
Dr. David Richardson (david.richardson@SMU.CA)
Dr. Mark Seaward (m.r.d.seaward@bradford.ac.uk)
Lichens for Naturalists
July 2 - 8, 2006
Dr. Fred C. Olday (folday@panax.com)
Bryophytes for Naturalists
July 9 - 15, 2006
Dr. Natalie Laura Cleavitt (nlc4@cornell.edu)
Crustose Lichens: Identification Using Morphology,
Anatomy, and Simple Chemistry July 16 - 22, 2006
Dr. Irwin M. Brodo (ibrodo@mus-nature.ca )
Intermediate Bryology: Floristics, Taxonomy, and
Ecology
July 16 - 22, 2006
Dr. Nancy G. Slack (slacknan@aol.com)
Taxonomy and Ecology of the Genus Hypnum and
Similar Genera
July 23 - 29, 2006
W.B. Schofield (Wilf) (wilfs@unixg.ubc.ca)
The Fruticose Lichen Genus Usnea in New England
September 3 - 9, 2006
Dr. Philippe Clerc (philippe.clerc@cjb.ville-ge.ch)
Syllabi are available
For more information, please contact the Humboldt
Institute, PO Box 9, Steuben, ME 04680-0009.
207-546-2821. Fax 207-546-3042
E-mail: mailto:office@eaglehill.us
Online registration and information:
http://www. eaglehill.us
Lichen Inventory of Woodstock Farm in
Bellingham, WA
When: April 15, 2006 9-4pm
Where: Woodstock Farm, Bellingham
Limit: 12 persons (Call Fred to see if there's still space
available)
Contact: Dr. Fred Rhoades 360 (733-9149)
Bring:Lunch, Lichen keys, microscopes, chemicals if
you have them.
Highlights: Low tide beside Puget Sound waters with
old oak tree.
Join North Puget Sound Lichen Study Group:
npslichens@yahoogroups.com
Editors’ note: Several subscribers have inquired
about “herbarium supplies” for cryptogams. In
response to this inquiry Bruce McCune prepared
the following information.
Cotton Padding:
I use padding underneath specimens more
often than on top; particularly, substrate free
specimens. I am currently using Kendall
Webril (R) Undercast Padding, Regular
Finish, 4 in x 4 yd (10 cm x 3.6 m) roll (non-
sterile, plastic bag of 12 rolls, 100% cotton.
Ref.: 3175). It is available from medical
supply companies, though they may be
hesitant to sell you small quantities.
Unfortunately it is UV+, but specimens are
not attached to it, so this is not a problem.
23
Specimen Mounting Cards:
In the past I have often used scraps of mat
board, obtained from a friend who was self-
employed as an artist. This is mostly
archival quality. Recently I purchased some
archival card stock from The Archival
Company (800-442-7576) and am very
happy with it. I bought two weights and use
the lighter weight for things like bark
fragments, and the heavier weight for
collages of rock fragments. Both weights
are Kensington 100% rag, museum quality
buffered mounting board. It is UV- or UV+
very dark reddish. It comes in 32 x 40 inch
sheets, 25 sheets per package. I have our
university print shop cut these up into cards,
about 120 cards per sheet. Of course they
charge for this, but it isn't much. The specs
are:
-Heavier stock: 700-3245, 4-ply, soft white
(2X as expensive as 2-ply)
-Lighter stock: 700-3246, 2-ply, antique
white
-Cost for materials worked out to about 3.6
cents/card for the lighter stock and 7.2
cents/card for the heavier stock.
-For backing behind cast padding I use
regular index card stock cut to size. Index
cards are inexpensive but not archival
quality; however, it is not against the
specimen, so perhaps that's not an issue.
Specimen Packets:
For packets I use 24 lb acid free paper. Our
printing department buys this, then they doa
letter fold on a machine, then we hand fold
the sides, using a jig design that I borrowed
Volume 23 (1)
from UBC Vancouver. I have posted a
diagram of this on the NW Lichenologists
website
(http://www. proaxis.com/~mccune/Curation.
htm).
Packet Labels:
For labels I am currently using Boise
Cascade 100% Cotton Laser Paper, white,
24 Ib, acid free. This paper comes in boxes
of 500 sheets.
Small Cardboard Boxes and 3-D Support:
I use Ward’s Specimen Trays. They are
great for soil crusts and calicioid lichens.
According to Ward’s website (wardsci.com),
these are “Made of strong pasteboard, the
trays are finished outside in black glazed
paper and lined with white.” They are open-
topped shallow boxes. They all fit in a
standard lichen packet. They are fairly warp
resistant when using PVA (Elmers) glue,
even in large amounts. Unfortunately they
are UV+ blue white.
-l use three sizes:
3x 4x 5/8 inch — These are bit smaller than
a typical lichen packet.
2x3 x 5/8 inch — This is the size I generally
us.
2x 1x 5/8 inch — These are useful for small
specimens.
-However; they are not cheap: current list
price (2005) about 50 cents each for the
larger sizes and 40 cents for the smaller two
sizes. Used judiciously, they are a great
solution. They come in boxes of 100.
Bruce McCune
Guide to contributors to EVANSIA
The aim of Evansia is to provide a vehicle for the presentation and exchange of useful information on North
American bryophytes and lichens. Articles are frequently popular in nature rather than technical and are intended
to teach and inform both amateurs and professionals. The articles include, but are not restricted to,
announcements of and reports on forays and meetings, presentations of techniques and aids for studying and
curating lichens, bryophytes, and hepatics; and reports on local floras. Checklists and papers documenting new
regional, state, or county records must include voucher specimens (collector and collection numbers) and an
indication of where the specimens are deposited or a literature reference. Occasionally, articles of broad interest
from locations other than North America may be included.
Evansia is published with the aid of desktop publishing software. Manuscripts must be submitted as Microsoft
Word documents (Times New Roman, size 10 font) attached to an email and sent directly to the editor.
After a manuscript has been received it will be acknowledged by e-mail. Images can usually be transmitted as
email attachments; however, a good quality copy of any illustration should also be mailed.
IMPORTANT: Authors should not spend time elaborately formatting their manuscript and should avoid
numerous font changes, using footnotes, or other special features. When the manuscript is formatted for Evansia
most of this work will have to be removed. Note that Jtalics, bolding and underlining must be included where
appropriate. See recent copies of Evansia to resolve questions about style and format.
EFFECTIVE WITH THIS VOLUME: An author-solicited review of all manuscripts is required. When the
senior author submits a manuscript for review they should also request that the reviewer forward a copy of all
review documentation to the editor.
“Announcement Board”. Please submit information about Bryological or Lichenological fieldtrips, seminars,
meetings; or comments about curatorial techniques. Please include dates, locations and contact information for
meetings or fieldtrips. Deadlines for announcements will be March 1* (issue 1), June 1* (issue 2), September 1*
(issue 3), and December 1* (issue 4).
Manuscripts, as email MS Word attachments, should be sent to the Editor:
EDITOR: LARRY L. ST. CLAIR
193 MLBM, Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U.S. A.; email: larry_stclair@byu.edu
PHONE: (801) 422-6211 FAX: (801) 422-0090
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: KATHRYN B. KNIGHT
193 MLBM, Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U.S. A.; email: katybknight@hotmail.com
ISSN: 0747-9859
ABLS Web Site: www.unomaha.edu/~abls
Evansia volume 22, number 4 was distributed on 31 December 2005
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VOLUME 23 NUMBER 2
© June 2006 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lichen flora of the southwestern Mojave Desert: Eureka Peak, Joshua
wa Tree National Park, Riverside and San Bernardino County, California,
USA
KERRY KNUDSEN AND TASHA LA Doux
yo New or Overlooked Wisconsin Lichen Records
JAMES P, BENNETT
Notes on Botryolepraria lesdainii in North America
[, ia BJARKE HOPKINS AND TOR TONSBERG
Notes on Dacryophyllum falcifolium Ireland
\/ KENNETH KELLMAN AND JAMES R. SHEVOCK
- New To New York State: Philonotis yezoana (Musci: Bartramiaceae)
JEAN Y. KEKES
The ABLS Lichen Exchange: History and Procedure
SCOTT T. BATES
The American Bryological and Lichenological Society Moss and Hepatic
Exchanges: Welcome New Participants
NORTON G. MILLER AND PAUL G. DAVISON
Announcement Board
ATTENTION: REMINDER ABOUT CHANGES TO EVANSIA
LIBRE
AUG 4 2006
NEVy yu.
BOTANICAL GARvE a
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34
36
40
43
45
48
EVANSIA
VOLUME 23
JUNE 2006
NUMBER 2
Lichen flora of the southwestern Mojave Desert: Eureka Peak, Joshua
Tree National Park, Riverside and San Bernardino County, California,
USA
KERRY KNUDSEN *
Herbarium, Dept. of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92591; email:
kk999@msn.com
TASHA LA Doux
74485 National Park Dr., Twentynine Palms, California 92277
*Author for correspondence
Abstract. Thirty-five species in 25 genera are reported from the Eureka Peak area of Joshua Tree
National Park in the southwestern Mojave Desert of California. Currently, our working checklist for
Joshua Tree National Park has over 70 species, twelve of which are only known from Eureka Peak. Two
lichenicolous fungi, Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant. and Lichenostigma subradians Hafellner, are
reported on a new host, Acarospora obnubila H. Magn. Lichenostigma subradians is reported new to
California.
Keywords. Joshua Tree National Park, lichen flora of California, Little San Bernardino Mountains,
Mojave Desert, lichenicolous fungi
INTRODUCTION
The southwestern edge of the Mojave Desert
terminates in the Little San Bernardino Mountains
above the northern most extension of the Sonoran
Desert along the San Andreas Fault. Eureka Peak is
the second highest summit of this range and is located
at the northwest end of Joshua Tree National Park.
Eureka Peak provides a panoramic view of San
Jacinto Peak in the San Jacinto Mountains, San
Gorgonio Peak in the San Bernardino Mountains, and
the Granite Mountains. The vascular flora is unique
due to the chaparral and cismontane influence of the
Transverse and Peninsular ranges of southern
California. Eureka Peak was selected to better
understand the montane elements of the lichen flora
in Joshua Tree National Park. This work is part of
on-going research of the lichen flora of the area.
25
STUDY AREA
Eureka Peak is located in the Little San
Bernardino Mountains within Joshua Tree National
Park (34° 01' 57"N, 116° 21' 01"W, elev. 1677 m).
The boundary between San Bernardino and Riverside
Counties bisects the north side of the peak on an east-
west axis. Specifically, we collected on all sides of
the peak, where accessible, to approximately 66
meters below the summit (1611 m). The terrain is
quite steep and difficult to traverse making
comprehensive sampling difficult. The local geology
of this area consists of mainly granitic rock from the
Mesozoic Era. The metamorphic rock of the Little
San Bernardino Mountains is more exposed than in
other areas of the Park due to greater uplift and
erosion (Barth et al 2004). Rainfall is bimodal,
however winter rains are more consistent for this area
then summer rains. Winter temperatures often result
in light snowfall on the higher peaks in the Park,
including Eureka Peak.
VASCULAR PLANTS
The vegetation surrounding Eureka Peak can be
characterized as a Single-leaf Pinyon and California
Juniper woodland mixed with Muller Oak and Joshua
Tree woodlands (Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf 1995;
Holland 1986). The dominant vegetation consists of
Pinus monophylla, Quercus _ cornelius-mulleri,
Juniperus californica, Yucca brevifolia, __Y.
schidigera, Coleogyne ramosissima, and Ephedra
nevadensis. In addition, this area has potential habitat
for several rare plants, including Hulsea vestita var.
parryi, H. vestita var. callicarpha, Galium
angustifolium ssp. gracillimum, G. munzii, Arabis
dispar, and Erigeron parishii. There are several
populations of Hulsea vestita var. parryi on the open
slopes below the peak, as well as some nearby
populations of Erigeron parishii, a federally
threatened species (CNPS 2001).
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Kerry Knudsen conducted field surveys with
Tasha La Doux or Liz Knudsen, with assistance from
Jeff Galvin, Jean Lee, Melissa Litman, and Rolf
Muertter on various days. Approximately 12 hours
were spent on the survey on three separate field days
in 2005 and 2006. The investigation was qualitative
and intuitive. Unless otherwise noted, Kerry Knudsen
determined specimens using standard lichen keys,
usually the Sonoran lichen flora (Nash et al. 2002,
Volume 23 (2)
2004, and in prep.) TLC was performed as needed by
James C. Lendemer. Only lichenicolous fungi
determined to species are reported.
All species were vouchered and the specimens
deposited at the UCR herbarium in Riverside,
California. Duplicates forming a synoptic collection
are deposited at the Joshua Tree National Park
herbarium in Twentynine Palms, California. The
numbers for the collections are K. Knudsen’s. A
species list follows; relative abundance and rarity of
species is based on the subjective observations of K.
Knudsen. The following abundance categories are
used: Rare = 1 or 2 encounters; Common = 3-9
encounters; Abundant = 10 or more observations.
TAXONOMIC CHECKLIST
Acarospora bullata Anzi - 3564, 5253. Common on
granite.
Acarospora obnubila H. Magn. - 3584, 5184, 5210.2,
5235.1, 5237, 5249, 5252.1, 5252.2, 5752.
Abundant on granite.
Acarospora socialis H. Magn. - 3576, 5772, 5773.
Abundant on granite.
Acarospora strigata (Nyl.) Jatta - 3572, 5185.2,
5211, 5751. Common on granite.
Aspicilia sp. - 5241.1, 5751, 5754. Fertile, abundant
on granite. Sterile thalli were also commonly
infected with an undetermined fungus (5241.2).
The species is common in montane habitats, but
we do not know its correct identity. No
secondary metabolites were observed (TLC).
Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. - 5247, 5750.
Rare on wood of Purshia tridentata var.
glandulosa and on unknown wood.
Buellia dispersa A. Massal. - 5192, 5756. Common .
on granite.
Caloplaca albovarigata (de Lesd.) Wetmore - 3587,
5190, 5228, 3579, 5741, 5774. Abundant on
granite, highly competitive with other lichens but
no sign of actual parasitism.
Caloplaca epithallina Lynge — 5197. Common on
lichens on granite.
Caloplaca nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladin - 5244.
Common on granite in drainages.
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. — 5230.
Abundant on granite.
Cyphelium pinicola Tibel — 5248. Rare on wood of
Purshia tridentata var. glandulosa.
Dermatocarpon americanum Vain. - 3528.2.
Abundant on granite in drainages.
26
Lecanora garovaglii (K6rb.) Zahlbr. — 3589. Rare on
granite on north slope.
Lecanora laxa (Sliwa & Wetmore) Printzen - 5218.2,
5246, 5749. Common on bark and wood of
Pinus monophylla and Purshia tridentata var.
glandulosa (TLC: usnic acid.)
Lecidea laboriosa Miill Arg. - 5198, 5201, 5236.2.
Abundant on granite (TLC: 4-0- demthylplanaic
acid.) The morphologically similiar L. hassei
Zahlbr. with schizopeltic acid has been collected
nearby above Key’s View (3595, UCR).
Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert - 5251,
5187. Abundant on granite.
Leptogium arsenei Sierk — 5238. Rare in drainage on
north slope.
Lepraria sp.- 5745. Rare in crevices and on other
lichens on north slope. P+ yellow.
The correct placement of this taxon is currently
under study.
Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Hafellner
— 3586. Abundant on granite.
Lobothallia praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner - 5196.
Rare on granite on east slope.
Melanohalea subolivacea (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. —
5218. Uncommon on the bark of Pinus
monophylla.
Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg - 5243.2.
Rare on granite in drainage.
Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg - 5203.
Common on granite.
Physcia biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. — 5241.
Abundant in drainages on granite on north slope.
Small amount observed on bark of Pinus
monophylla.
Physcia dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl. - 5746. Rare, mixed
with P. biziana on granite on north slope.
Polysporina lapponica (Ach. ex Schaer.) Degel. -
5189, 5185. Abundant on lichens and free-living
on granite.
Psora luridella (Tuck.) Fink - 3567, 5243.1.
Abundant on granite and soil over rock.
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant. — 3577.
Rare, occurring on one north-facing outcrop near
summit. (TLC: usnic acid, placodiolic acid) Det.
by J.C. Lendemer.
Rhizocarpon disporum (Nageli ex Hepp) Mull. Arg. -
5232.2. Rare in drainage on north slope.
Staurothele monicae (Zahibr.) Wetmore - 3578, 5239,
5245. Common in drainages.
EVANSIA
Toninia rugulosa ssp. rugulosa (Tuck.) Herre - 3591,
5185. Common, mixed with mosses on north and
east slopes.
Umbilicaria phaea Tuck. — 3582. Abundant on
granite.
Verrucaria fuscoatroides Servit - 5235.2. Rare on
north slope.
Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale - 3580,
5240. Abundant on granite.
Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr. - 5191, 5233, 5200.
Abundant on granite.
LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI
Stigmidium fuscatae (Amold) R. Sant. — 5209. Rare
on thallus on Acarospora obnubila.
Lichenostigma subradians Hafellner - 5186, 5188.
Common on thallus of Acarospora obnubila,
which lacks secondary metabolites, but was not
collected on the yellow A. socialis at this site, a
common host at other sites.
CONCLUSIONS
The working species checklist for Joshua Tree
National Park currently includes over 70 species,
twelve of which are unique to Eureka Peak (Knudsen
and LaDoux 2005). No terricolous species are
reported, perhaps due to the loose, coarse-grained soil
found in this area. Two species of lichenicolous fungi
are reported. Stigmidum fuscatae is reported from a
new host, <Acarospora obnubila HH. Magn.
Lichenostigma subradians is reported new to
California as well as from a new host, A. obnubila.
Montane species are not well represented in the
lichen flora of Eureka Peak , however the following
species were found: Aspicilia sp., Buellia punctata,
Cyphelium pinicola, Physcia biziana, Physcia
dimidiata, Lecanora garovaglii, L. laxa, Lecidella
stigmatea, Melanohalea subolivacea, and Toninia
rugulosa ssp. rugulosa. These species are often found
in higher elevations and more temperate habitats. The
strong winds and high summer temperatures probably
keep this area from being colonized by many
montane lichen species. The few lichens found on
wood in this flora represent montane species and
were generally rare. In general, lichens found on bark
or wood are rare in the Mojave Desert.
Many of the common species found in the
Mojave Desert were also found in the Eureka Peak
area, including Acarospora socialis, A. strigata,
27
Buellia dispera, Lobothallia alphoplaca, L.
praeradiosa, Phaeophyscia sciastra, Polysporina
lapponica, and Psora luridella. Interestingly, P.
lapponica was abundant while P. simplex was absent;
this seems to be a trend in Joshua Tree National Park.
In addition, many typical lichens of drainages such as
Caloplaca nashii, Dermatocarpon americanum, as
well as Verrucaria and Staurothele spp. were
abundant in the Eureka Peak flora.
Two species, Caloplaca albovarigata and
Acarospora obnubila, which are usually locally rare
to common in widely scattered locations throughout
southern California, were abundant in this area.
Acarospora obnubila was documented as parasitic on
the Aspicilia sp., emerging from the host’s thalli. A
similar phenomenom has been documented in a
collection of A. obnubila parasitic on an Aspicilia
species from the White Mountains (hb. Robertson)
(Knudsen in prep.). An unusual find was Rhizoplaca
subdiscrepans concentrated on a large boulder on the
north slope of the peak.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Special thanks to James C. Lendemer for thin-
layer chromotagraphy on selected specimens. Special
thanks to Alan Fryday and James C. Lendemer for
reviewing this mss.
LITERATURE CITED
Barth, A.P., J.L. Wooden, D.S. Coleman, and L.J.
Jarvis, 2004, Crust formation and evolution in
southern California: Field and geochronologic
perspectives from Joshua Tree National Park, in
Eggers, MLR. (ed.), Mining History and Geology
Volume 23 (2)
of Joshua Tree National Park: San Diego
Association of Geologists, pp. 65-78.
California Native Plant Society. 2001. Inventory of
Rare and Endangered Plants of California. Sixth
Edition. 387 pp.
Holland, R. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the
natural communities of California. California
Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. 156
pp.
Knudsen, K. in prep. Acarospora In Nash I, T.H.,
B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, & F.
Bungartz. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region. Tempe: Arizona: Lichens
Unlimited, Vol. 3.
Knudsen, K. & LaDoux, Tasha. 2005. Lichen flora of
the southwestern Mojave Desert: Key’s Ranch,
Joshua Tree National Park, San Bernardino
County, California, USA. Evansia, 22 (3): 103-
109.
Nash III, T.H., B.D. Ryan, C. Gries, & F. Bungartz
2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region. Tempe: Arizona: Lichens
Unlimited, Vol. 1, 532 pp.
Nash II, T.H., B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, &
F. Bungartz 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater
Sonoran Desert Region. Tempe: Arizona:
Lichens Unlimited, Vol. 2, 742 pp.
Nash IL, T.H., B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, &
F. Bungartz. in prep. Lichen Flora of the Greater
Sonoran Desert Region. Tempe: Arizona:
Lichens Unlimited, Vol. 3
Sawyer, J. O., and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1995. A manual
of California vegetation. California Native Plant
Society. Sacramento, California. 471 pp.
EVANSIA
New or Overlooked Wisconsin Lichen Records
JAMES P. BENNETT
U. S. Geological Survey and Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, 445 Henry Mall, Madison,
WI 53706; email: jpbennet@wisc.edu
January 18, 2006
Abstract. Fifty-eight new species and 12 new genera are reported as either new to Wisconsin or not
reported in Thomson’s Lichens of Wisconsin (2003). These records are the result of new collections, being
published elsewhere but overlooked, or collections found in several herbaria. This brings the total number
of species for the state to 726 and the total number of genera to 180.
INTRODUCTION
In 2003 the Wisconsin State Herbarium
published John Thomson’s Lichens of Wisconsin
(Thomson 2003), the culmination of Thomson’s
lifetime of collecting lichens in the state. The book
contains keys and descriptions of 615 species, not
including 47 species (listed in an appendix)
discovered during the 2002 Tuckerman Lichen
Workshop in northern Wisconsin, and presented in
more detail by Lay (2004). Analyzing the data in the
book, I have noted elsewhere (Bennett 2006) that the
collecting in the state was not uniform, and was
concentrated in certain areas. This stimulated me to
collect in lesser known areas, and to look for other
collections unknown to Thomson. Since 2003 I have
been collecting on calcareous substrates in the
southwestern part of the state, a habitat rich in lichens
that has not been well studied. In addition, I knew
that C. Wetmore of the University of Minnesota had
collected in various parts of Wisconsin and had a lot
of Wisconsin specimens, and that some of these
specimens were not included in Thomson (2003). I
was also aware there were numerous Wisconsin
collections in the Michigan State University
Herbarium.
Therefore I obtained the lichen specimen records
for Wisconsin from the University of Minnesota
Herbarium (MIN) and also the Michigan State
University Herbarium (MSC) and compared them with
Thomson (2003). It was evident there were species in
those herbaria that were not treated in the book. In
addition, I studied Thomson’s two books on arctic
lichens (Thomson 1984, 1997) and discovered there
were dots present in Wisconsin on the distribution
maps for species that were not treated in the
Wisconsin book. This meant that Thomson
overlooked some species for which he already had
specimens. I looked for the specimens in WIS to
determine their validities for Wisconsin and
identities.
In 1998, the publication of Thomson’s American
Arctic Lichens 2. The Microlichens was occasioned
by a ceremony in Madison, WI attended by many
lichenologists. Some of them were able to take part in
a small collecting trip to Sauk Co., resulting in some
new state records collected by R. Harris and W.
Buck. Duplicates of these specimens were deposited
in WIS but were not included in the Wisconsin book. I
located these specimens and have recorded the
information for this study.
I was recently made aware of a type locality of a
species of Xanthoparmelia in Wisconsin (Hale 1990)
and have included this record because it was not in
Thomson’s Wisconsin book.
There are therefore four sources of information
of new and unreported Wisconsin lichen collections:
the specimens in MIN and Msc, the 1998 Sauk Co.
specimens (NY), the Hale book, and my own new
state records. Putting these all together resulted in a
list of 58 species not treated in Thomson’s book. This
was significant enough to warrant publication.
The following list of lichens contains names that
have been updated using Esslinger (1997) and Fryday
(2005). Synonyms for these were checked in the
herbaria as well. Thomson’s 1984 and 1997 arctic
lichen books are coded as AAL1 and AAL2.
Evidence of occurrences in Wisconsin in AALI and
AAL2 was determined from specimen dots in the
distribution maps and are referred to by page
29
numbers. For some specimens I have listed the
collector, collection number and herbarium where the
specimen is deposited. My own collections reside in
my private herbarium. Localities are noted when
given on the label. Localities listed for the Apostle
Islands refer to the Apostle Islands National
Lakeshore. Listed species are considered either new
to the state (indicated by *) or previously known
either from a publication or herbarium but not
reported in Thomson’s book.
LIST OF SPECIES
Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.
Six collections from Columbia, Dane, Iowa, and
Vernon counties and one unknown locality,
dating from 1894 to 2003 are in wIs. Some of
these may be the dots on p. 33 of AAL2.
Wetmore also collected this species at Rush
Creek State Natural Area in Crawford Co. in
2003 (Wetmore 90267, MIN). This species is
easily overlooked.
Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
There is one collection from 1968 from near
Mount Horeb in Dane Co. by Thomson in wis,
which is probably the dot on the map on p. 34 of
AAL2.
Adelolecia kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold
Thomson notes one collection in Bayfield Co. in
AAL2 (p. 338), but there are two collections by
Foote from 1905 from Juneau and Monroe
Counties (Foote 62719, 62454, WIS).
*Agonimia opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vezda
I have collected this four times at Limery Ridge
and Hogback Prairie State Natural Areas,
Crawford Co.; Dewey Heights State Natural
Area, Grant Co.; and Mount Pisgah Hemlock-
Hardwoods State Natural Area, Vernon Co. in
2003 and 2004 (Bennett 657, 658, 659, 660). It is
a very tiny lichen that is easily overlooked. It
grows on mosses over calcareous rocks, and may
occur elsewhere in the state.
Arthonia diffusella Fink
Wetmore collected a specimen of this species at
Patterson Hemlocks State Natural Area in Oneida
Co. in 2002 during the Tuckerman Workshop,
but this was omitted from the list in the
Appendix in Thomson because Wetmore hadn’t
worked up his collections by the time the
appendix was written (Wetmore 87663A, MIN).
Arthonia glebosa Tuck.
Volume 23 (2)
Brodo collected a specimen of this at Mill Creek
Bluff west of Arena in Iowa Co. in 1965 (Brodo
5671, MSC).
*Arthonia rubella (Fée) Nyl.
Ihave collected this once in Walking Iron
County Park in Dane Co. in 2004 (Bennett 661).
This is a southern species that may have
extended northwards into Wisconsin. It is easily
overlooked.
Arthopyrenia punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris
Wetmore collected a specimen of this on
Raspberry Island in the Apostle Islands, Bayfield
Co. in 1987 (Wetmore 61064, MIN).
Bryoria fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Two specimens of this species were collected in
1976 by Malachowski on Sand and York Islands
in the Apostle Islands, Bayfield Co.
(Malachowski 1952, 2321A, MSC). Alan Fryday
recently confirmed the identity of these
specimens in order to make sure they were not
misidentified B. trichodes. It has also been
collected in northern Minnesota and Michigan,
although not recently (Fryday, et al.
2001;Wetmore 2005 and personal
communication).
*Buellia nigra (Fink) Sheard
Ihave collected this once in 2003 at Rush Creek
State Natural Area, Crawford Co. (Bennett 662).
Buellia spuria (Schaerer) Anzi
Ihave collected this once at Limery Ridge State
Natural Area in Crawford Co. in 2003. Thomson
indicates its presence in the southwestern part of
the state with a dot in AAL2, p. 139, but the
specimen could not be located in wIs.
Caloplaca ahtii Sechting
Wetmore collected a specimen of this near
Prescott in the St. Croix National Scenic
Riverway, Pierce Co., in 1988 (Wetmore 63058,
MIN).
Caloplaca parvula Wetmore
Wetmore collected a specimen of this in Bayfield
Co. in 2004 near the Rainbow Lake Wilderness,
Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (Wetmore
90641, MIN).
Caloplaca subsoluta (Ny1.) Zahlbr.
Both Thomson and Wetmore have collected this
species near Barneveld in Iowa Co. and near
Taylors Falls in Polk Co. in 1992 and 1988,
respectively (Thomson 24309, Wetmore 63102,
both in MIN).
30
Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
Wetmore collected this species at Copper Falls
State Park, Ashland Co. in 1965 (Wetmore
13317, MIN).
Cetraria ericetorum Opiz
Four records of this species occur scattered over
the state on p. 79 of AAL1, but no Wisconsin
specimens were found in MIN, MSC or WIS, even
under C. crispa or C. islandica.
Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.
A dot in Douglas Co. in AAL2 indicates its’
presence in the state, and a specimen from the
Brule River, Douglas Co., collected in 1946 is in
wIs (Thomson 33).
Cladonia borealis S. Stenroos
Wetmore collected a specimen of this species in
the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, Bayfield
Co. in 1990 (Wetmore 66326, MIN).
Cladonia symphycarpia (Flérke) Fr.
Thomson indicates a dot for this species in the
southwestern part of the state in AA1. Wetmore
found a specimen in the St. Croix National
Scenic Riverway, St. Croix Co. in 1988
(Wetmore 62880, MIN), and Imshaug found one
in Iowa Co. in 1956 (Imshaug 19199, MSC). It is
possible the Imshaug collection is the one on
Thomson’s dot map, but there is a specimen of
C. subcariosa annotated as C. symphycarpa [sic]
by Thomson in wis that might suggest a fourth
specimen. This species is probably quite rare and
may be extirpated in the state.
Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jorg.
A specimen of this species was collected by
Malachowski in 1976 on York Island in the
Apostle Islands, Bayfield Co. (Malachowski
2483,MSC).
Tonaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni
Wetmore collected a specimen of this species in
1992 in the Rainbow Lake Wilderness, Bayfield
Co. (Wetmore 70995, MIN).
Lecanora argentea Oksner & Volkova
Two dots in Douglas and Bayfield counties on p.
281 of AAL2 (as L. fuliginosa) indicate it is
present in the state, but no Wisconsin specimens
were located in MIN, MSC or WIS.
Lecanora cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl.
Two specimens in WIs from Florence Co.
collected by Jesberger (319, 323) in 1905 are
probably the dot on p. 271 of AAL2.
Lecanora cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal.
EVANSIA
Wetmore collected a specimen of this species on
Devils Island in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co.
in 1987 (Wetmore 60767, MIN).
Lecanora expallens Ach.
Four dots in the southwestern part of the state on
p. 280 of AAL2 are probably specimens
collected by Cole, Nee and Thomson in Portage,
Richland and Vernon counties in 1965, 1972 and
1974. The species is mentioned in the narrative
for L. thysanophora in Thomson but it is not
treated as present in the state. It was also
collected by Malachowski in 1976 on Rocky and
Raspberry Islands in the Apostle Islands,
Ashland and Bayfield Counties (Malachowski
2048, 2396, MSC).
Lecanora fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl.
Brodo collected a specimen of this species in
1965 near Raspberry Bay in Bayfield Co. (Brodo
5758A, MSC).
*Lecanora invadens Magn.
This is a newly recognized species that was
collected by Wetmore in 2001 on North Twin
Island in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co.
(Wetmore 87059, MIN). This is the first published
report for this species in North America. There is
also a specimen from Isle Royale National Park,
Michigan at MSc (Wetmore 2621).
Lecidea delincta Nyl.
Both Wetmore and Brodo collected specimens of
this species at Copper Falls State Park in Ashland
Co. in 1965 (Wetmore 13302, MIN; Brodo 5724,
MSC).
*Lecidea symmictella Nyl.
Wetmore collected this species on Devils Island
in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co. in 1987
(Wetmore 60705, MIN). This is the first report for
this species in North America.
Lecidella asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel
Wetmore collected this species on Basswood
Island in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co. in
1987 (Wetmore 59990, MIN).
*Lempholemma polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme
I have collected this species at Hixon Forest
Arboretum in La Crosse Co. in 2002 (Bennett
296, 663). It grows on moss over limestone and
is easily mistaken for a Collema or Leptogium,
but the muriform spores make it distinctive.
Lepraria cacuminum (A. Massal.) Lohtander
Harris collected a specimen of this species in
1998 at Hemlock Draw Preserve, Baraboo Hills
31
in Sauk Co. (Harris 42203, NY, duplicate in
wIs).
Leptogium burnetiae C. W. Dodge
This species has been found at four localities
along the St. Croix National Scenic River in
Bayfield, Sawyer and Washburn counties by
Wetmore in 1990 (Wetmore 66354, 66381,
66504B, 66827, MIN).
*Lichinella cribellifera (Nyl.) Moreno & Egea
I have collected this species at Battle Bluff
Prairie State Natural Area, Vernon Co. in 2003
(Bennett 664).
Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
Wetmore collected this species at Copper Falls
State Park, Ashland Co. in 1965 (Wetmore
13273, MIN).
Melanelixia fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O. Blanco et al.
Two dots appear at localities in northern WI on
p. 303 of AALI (as Parmelia glabratula), but no
Wisconsin specimens were found in MIN, MSC or
WIS.
Micarea misella (Ny1.) Hedl.
This species was recently collected in 2004 by
Wetmore in the Rainbow Lake Wilderness,
Bayfield Co. (Wetmore 90536, MIN).
Multiclavula vernalis (Schwein.) R. Petersen
This species was collected three times along the
St. Croix National Scenic River in Bayfield, Polk
and Washburn counties by Wetmore in 2003
(Wetmore 88968, 89048, 89234, MIN).
Mycomicrothelia wallrothii (Hepp) D. Hawksw.
This lichenicolous fungus species was collected
by Wetmore in 1965 at Copper Falls State Park,
Ashland Co. (Wetmore 13272, MIN).
Peltigera neckeri Hepp ex Miill. Arg.
_ Six specimens (all at MIN) of this species have
been collected by Wetmore in 1990 and 1992 at
Rainbow Lake Wilderness, Bayfield Co. and St.
Croix National Scenic River, Washburn Co.
Phacopsis oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold
Wetmore collected this lichenicolous fungus
species on Ironwood Island in the Apostle
Islands, Ashland Co. in 2001 (Wetmore 87122,
MIN).
Phaeocalicium compressulum (Nyl. ex Szatala) A.
F. W. Schmidt
Wetmore collected this species on Ironwood
Island in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co. in
2001 (Wetmore 87104, MIN).
Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tonsberg
Volume 23 (2)
Wetmore has collected seven specimens (all at
MIN) of this species in 1987, 1992, 2001, 2003
and 2004 in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co.,
Rainbow Lake Wilderness, Bayfield Co., and St.
Croix National Scenic Riverway, Burnett Co.
* Pleopsidium flavum (Bellardi) Kérber
[have collected this species in 2003 at Hixon
Forest Arboretum, La Crosse Co. and Battle
Bluff Prairie State Natural Area, Vernon Co.
(Bennett 665, 666).
Porpidia contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph & Hertel
Wetmore has collected two specimens of this
species on Bear and North Twin Islands in the
Apostle Islands, Ashland Co. in 2001 (Wetmore
86991, 87062, MIN).
Porpidia speirea (Ach.) Kremp.
Thomson indicates this is present in the
southwestern part of the state with a dot on p.
497 of AAL2, but no Wisconsin specimen was
found in MIN, MSC or WIS.
Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal.
Wetmore has collected this species on Devils
Island in the Apostle Islands, Ashland Co. in
1987 (Wetmore 60750, MIN).
Rinodina adirondackii H. Magn.
Wetmore collected this species in the Northern
Highlands State Forest, Vilas Co. in 2002 during
the Tuckerman Workshop, but this was not listed
in the appendix in Thomson’s book (Wetmore
87586, MIN).
Rinodina vezdae Mayrhofer
This species has been collected by Wetmore in
the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, Polk Co.
in 1990 (Wetmore 67787, 67812, MIN) and by
Brodo in Copper Falls State Park, Ashland Co. in
1965 (Brodo 5680B, MSC).
Spilonema revertens Nyl.
Thomson mentions this in passing in the
description of Psorula rufonigra, but does not
say it is present in the state. The three Psorula
specimens in WIS all have Spilonema present,
placing it in Adams and Dane counties in 1949,
1971 and 1974 (Thomson 16569, 18382, 24602
respectively). In addition, Wetmore made two
collections of it in the St. Croix National Scenic
Riverway, Bayfield and Polk counties in 1988
and 1990 (Wetmore 63108, 66332, MIN).
Staurothele monicae (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
32
Brodo collected a specimen of this species along
the Brule River, Douglas Co. in 1946 (Brodo
2469, MSC).
Strangospora pinicola (A. Massal.) Korb.
Wetmore collected a specimen of this species in
the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway in St.
Croix Co. in 1988 (Wetmore 63247, MIN).
Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Hoffm.
Thomson shows two dots for this species in
northwestern Wisconsin in AAL1, p. 460, but
there were no Wisconsin specimens in WIS. The
dots correspond almost, however, with two
specimens in MIN from Ashland and St. Croix
counties collected by Fassett and Moyle in 1927
and 1937, respectively (no collection numbers).
The Fassett collection is correctly identified, but
the Moyle collection appears to be U. americana.
This species has not been seen since and may
possibly be extirpated in the state.
Usnea substerilis Mot.
Thomson shows two dots for this species in
northern Wisconsin on p. 470 of AAL1, but no
specimens were found in MIN, MSC or WIS. The
specimens may be out on loan.
Verrucaria rupestris Schrader
Thomson shows five dots for this species, four in
southwestern Wisconsin and one in the northern
part on p. 643 of AAL2 and these are matched by
five specimens collected by Thomson collected
in 1965 and 1971 in Ashland, Adams and Vernon
counties. In addition, Brodo collected this species
near Arena in Iowa Co. in 1965 (Brodo 5663,
MSC).
Xanthoparmelia norhypopsila Hale
Hale (1990) notes the type for this species
collected in 1963 is from Mill Bluff Roadside
Park, Juneau Co. (Hale 23106, US). Thomson
included this species in his Xanthoparmelia key
(1993), but it was left out of the Wisconsin book.
Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.
Thomson shows two dots for this species in
southwestern Wisconsin on p. 483 of AAL2, but
no specimens for those localities were present in
wIs. Instead, there is one collection from 1974
from Long Island, Apostle Islands, Ashland Co.
that Thomson determined as new to the state in
2003 (Koch 9145B, Wis). This species has a
predominately northern and western distribution
in North America (Lindblom 1997) but has been
reported from Ontario and Michigan.
EVANSIA
Xylographa opegraphella Nyl. ex Rothr.
This species has been collected by Wetmore on
Michigan and Outer Islands in the Apostle
Islands, Ashland Co. in 1987 and 2001 (Wetmore
60928, 86889, MIN and one duplicate in MSC).
SECOND OCCURRENCES
Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin
I have collected the second and third occurrences
(Bennett 668, 669) of this species at Limery
Ridge State Natural Area in Crawford Co. and at
Brady’s Bluff Prairie State Natural Area in
Trempealeau Co. in 2003, one county south and
two counties north of the Vernon Co. record
given in Thomson.
Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon
I have collected the second occurrence of this
species in Vernon Co. at Pisgah Hemlock-
Hardwoods SNA in 2004 (Bennett 667). It was
previously found in 2002 in Oneida Co. during
the Tuckerman Workshop.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Two species of Caloplaca were shown to be in
Wisconsin in AAL2 that are now thought to be
misidentified species for North America. C.
crenularia (With.) Laundon (AAL2 p. 157) is
misidentified for North America according to
Wetmore (1996) and C. fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
(AAL2 p. 162) is misidentified for Wisconsin
because this species is only found in maritime eastern
North America according to Arup (1995). No
Wisconsin specimens for these species were found in
MIN, MSC or WIS so it is not possible to determine
their correct identities.
DISCUSSION
The 2002 Tuckerman Workshop appendix in
Thomson (2003) lists 47 species of lichens and
lichenicolous fungi that are new to Wisconsin, and
the three counties in which they were found. The
information on the collectors, their collection
numbers, and localities are given by Lay (2004). John
Thomson never saw these specimens, and was not
able to incorporate them into the text, keys or maps.
They could be included in the taxonomic treatments
(text and keys) in a revision, and their localities
mapped after including the data from Lay (2004).
There are two collections of lichen species from
Wisconsin that have not yet been described, and are
33
therefore new to science. One is a Rinodina collected
by Wetmore in the Apostle Islands in 1987 (Wetmore
60067, MIN), and the other is an undescribed genus,
Pachyphysis, collected by Harris in Sauk Co. in 1998
(Harris 42181, NY, duplicate in wis). After these are
published they will be added to the state list.
Five of the listed species are reported in
Thomson’s arctic lichen books, but no specimens
were found in the three herbaria consulted in this
study. A careful check was done for these species
under old synonyms but no specimens were located
that way either. The specimens for these species may
be in other herbaria that were not contacted for this
study. Until specimens are located for these species
their presence in the state is based on the dot maps in
the arctic lichen books, and verifications are needed.
A recent count of Wisconsin lichens based on
Thomson (2003) resulted in 662 species and 164
genera, including the species in the Tuckerman
Workshop appendix (Bennett and Wetmore 2004).
With the publication of the workshop lists (Lay
2004), 6 new species and 4 new genera were added to
the total. This report now adds 58 more species and
12 new genera, bringing the grand total up to 726
species and 180 genera. These totals now compare
much more favorably with those of Michigan and
Minnesota (Bennett & Wetmore 2004). These totals
do not include the two undescribed species mentioned
above and the second occurrences.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful to C. Wetmore and A. Fryday for
checking specimens at MIN and MSC and providing
comments on an earlier draft of this paper. I thank C.
Anderson, Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources for drawing my attention to the
Xanthoparmelia record and for reviewing an earlier
draft. I thank R. Harris for help in identifying the
Lempholemma and C. Wetmore for confirming many
of my identifications. I also thank E. Lay for
providing helpful comments on an earlier draft.
LITERATURE CITED
Arup, U. 1995. Littoral species of Caloplaca in North
America: a summary and a key. The Bryologist
98: 129-140.
Volume 23 (2)
Bennett, J. P. 2006. What do we know about
Wisconsin lichens? Evansia 23(2): 13-18.
Bennett, J. P., Wetmore, C. M. 2004. Proposed list of
extinct, rare and/or endangered macrolichens in
Wisconsin. Mycotaxon 89: 169-180.
Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for the
lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of
the continental United States and Canada. North
Dakota State University:
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/che
kist/chcklst7.htm (First Posted 1 December 1997,
Most Recent Update 14 June 2005), Fargo, North
Dakota.
Fryday, A. M. 2005. The genus Porpidia in northern
- and western Europe, with special emphasis on
collections from the British Isles. - Lichenologist
37: 1-35.
Fryday, A. M., Fair, J. B., Googe, M. S., Johnson, A.
J., Bunting E. A. and Prather L. A. 2001.
Checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Michigan.
Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 145-223.
Hale, M. E. 1990. A Synopsis of the Lichen Genus
Xanthoparmelia (Vainio) Hale (Ascomycotina,
Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to
Botany No. 74.
Lay, E. 2004. Wisconsin lichens and lichenicolous
fungi collected during the 2002 Tuckerman
Lichen Workshop. Evansia 21: 17-35.
Lindblom L. 1997. The genus Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr.
in North America. Journal of the Hattori
Botanical Laboratory 83: 75-172.
Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens 1.
The Macrolichens. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Thomson, J. W. 1993. A key to Xanthoparmelia in
North America, extracted from the world keys of
Hale 1990. Bryologist 96: 342-344.
Thomson, J. W. 1997. American Arctic Lichens 2.
The Microlichens. Madison: University of
Wisconsin Press.
Thomson, J. W. 2003. Lichens of Wisconsin.
Madison: Wisconsin State Herbarium.
Wetmore, C. M. 1996. The Caloplaca sideritis group
in North and Central America. The Bryologist
99: 292-314.
Wetmore, C. M. 2005. Keys to the Lichens of
Minnesota. 92 pp. Available from the author.
34
EVANSIA
Notes on Botryolepraria lesdainii in North America
BJARKE HOPKINS
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, NORWAY
TOR TONSBERG
Museum of Botany, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, NORWAY; email:
tor.tonsberg@bot.uib.no
Abstract. Botryolepraria lesdainii is reported new to Canada from British Columbia, to southern U.S.A.
from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Arizona, in the west, and from Great Smoky Mountains National
Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, in the east. Botryolepraria lesdainii is a rarely collected lichen
species in North America. It was first reported in Egan’s checklist of 1987, but the first paper with direct
reference to North American material was apparently that of Kimmerling & Leuckert (1993) who cited 2
specimens from New York. More recently, the species has been reported from Alaska (Tensberg 2002) and
from Pennsylvania (Harris & Lendemer 2005). In the present note we report the species from some
southern U.S.A. areas, and treat the Pacific Northwest population as well. The species is widely distributed
in Europe (e.g. Kiimmerling & Leuckert 1993, Canals et al. 1997, Tonsberg 2002) and is also known from
Africa (the Canary Islands; Hafellner 1995), and Asia (Japan; Tonsberg 2002).
Botryolepraria lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernandez-
Mariné, Gémez-Bolea & Llimona
Lichenologist 29: 339-345 (1997). Lepraria
lesdainii (Hue) R.C. Harris, Bryologist 90: 163
(1987). Crocynia lesdainii Hue, Bull. Soc. bot.
Fr. 71: 350 (1924).
The diagnostic characters of Botryolepraria lesdainiii
are discussed by Canals et al. (1997). The species is
usually easy to identify, even in the field, but
sometimes it may be confused with Lepraria
lobificans which may occur in the same habitat.
These two species are easily separated by their
reaction to PD, which is orange in L. lobificans
(stictic acid), and negative in Botryolepraria lesdainii
(terpenoids only). In North America B. lesdainii has
been found in shaded and sheltered rock
microhabitats such as under overhangs and in caves.
It is a species of niches not wetted by direct rain. It
occurs on limestone as well as on silicious rocks, both
on bare rock, and over saxicolous mosses and on rock
with a layer of soil. With the material cited below the
distribution area of B. lesdainii in North America has
been extended considerably to the south to include
Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the
Southern Appalachians, and the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region in the southwest. It’s vertical
distribution ranges from about sea-level (Alaska) to
1335 m (Arizona). Details on local distributions are
given below.
The Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Saxicolous/muscicolous/terricolous in cavities in
limestone cliffs, on a shaded overhanging rock wall,
and over mosses on a shaded, vertical bridge
foundation (built of rocks). The vertical elevation
ranging from 280 to 610-620 m. Apparently not a rare
species in the park at lower elevations. Botryoleparia
lesdainii is here reported as new to the park as well as
to North Carolina and Tennessee.
The Greater Sonoran Desert Region
It is only know from one site in Arizona, Gila Co. at
Tonto Natural Bridge State Park. The park has a deep
canyon with a creek and a natural bridge and is a
moist desert oasis in an otherwise very dry area. On a
recent trip we found small patches of Botryolepraria
lesdainii near the bottom of the canyon, in several
shallow cavities in a N-facing rock wall at the
southern entrance to the moist and cool passage under
the natural bridge. The altitude was 1335 m and the
northern latitude 34°19’. This is apparently the first
discovery of this species in southwestern North
America and the locality is also the most southerly
35
and the highest above sea-level known so far on this
continent.
The Pacific Northwest
Saxicolous and on saxicolous mosses on a wall in
shaded cave near the sea (Queen Charlotte Islands),
saxicolous in sheltered rock crevices at the upper
edge of the beach (Coronation Island), terricolous in
crevices under N-facing overhang near the bank of a
creek (Prince of Wales Island). Pacific northwest
specimens are all from below 50 m altitude, and the
Coronation Island specimen grew only a few m above
sea-level. Botryoleparia lesdainii is here reported
new to Canada from Queen Charlotte Islands, British
Columbia.
SPECIMENS SEEN (BG, IF NOT OTHERWISE STATED):
Canada. British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands,
St. James Island, 2003, Tonsberg 32173a (with T.
Goward; BG, UBC), 32173b (with T. Goward).
U.S.A. Alaska. Coronation Island, Windy Bay, 2003,
Tonsberg 32535 (BG, WTU). Prince of Wales Island,
near Sarkar Rapids, 2001, Tonsberg 30035. Arizona,
Gila Co., NW of Payson, off Hwy 87, Tonto Natural
Bridge State Park, 2005, Tonsberg 36422 & Hopkins
(BG, ASU). North Carolina, Swain Co., Great
Smoky Mountains National Park, just W of
Ocanoluftee River, SSE of Ocanoluftee Ranger
Station, foundation of Blue Ridge Parkway bridge,
2004, Tonsberg 34083 (BG, ASU, DUKE, GSMNP).
Tennessee, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains Nat.
Park, along Foothills Parkway, E of Hwy 321, just E
of and along Little River, just upstream from bridge,
2003, Tonsberg 33669, 33670, 33671; along road to
Cades Cove, bank of West Creek, at the tunnel, 2003,
Tonsberg 33691.
Volume 23 (2)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank the staff at Tonto Natural Bridge State
Park for giving us permission (spontaneously and
with great enthusiasm), at our request on the day of
our visit, to sample a specimen of Botryolepraria
lesdainii. For field work in the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park and in Arizona, Tonsberg
has been financially supported by grants from
“Discover Life In America, Inc/All Taxa
Biodiversity Inventory.” and from the Grolle Olsen
fund, University of Bergen, respectively. Thomas H.
Nash TI, Tempe, is thanked for comments on the
manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
Canals, A., Hernandez-Mariné, M., Gomez-Bolea, A.
& Llimona, X. 1997. Botryolepraria, anew
monotypic genus segregated from Lepraria.
Lichenologist 29: 339-345.
Egan, R.S. 1987. A fifth checklist of the lichen-
forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the
continental United States and Canada. The
Bryologist 90: 77-173
Hafellner, J. 1995. A new checklist of lichens and
lichenicolous fungi of insular Laurimacaronesia
including a lichenological bibliography for the
area. Fritschiana 5: 1-132.
Harris, R.C. & Lendemer, J.C. 2005. Contributions to
the lichen flora of Pennsylvania: a checklist of
lichens collected during the first Howard Crum
Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap
National Recreation Area. Opuscula
Philolichenum 2: 1-10.
Ktimmerling, H. & Leuckert, C. 1993. Chemische
Flechtenanalysen VIII. Lepraria lesdainii (Hue)
R. C. Harris. Nova Hedwigia 56: 483-490.
Tonsberg T. 2002. Notes on non-corticolous Lepraria
s. lat. in Norway. Graphis Scripta 13: 45-51.
36
EVANSIA
Notes on Dacryophyllum falcifolium Ireland
KENNETH KELLMAN
Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco 94103; email: kkellman@sbcglobal.net
JAMES R. SHEVOCK
Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco 94103; email: jshevock@calacademy.org
Abstract. Seven new locations for the recently described moss Dacryophyllum falcifolium are provided.
Populations are restricted to a narrow band of suitable forest habitat with metamorphosed rocks rich in
calcium. A distance of 130 km separates the northern and southernmost occurrences of this monospecific
genus. Additional insights on the species habitat requirements are offered including the addition of wood
as a substrate and speculation is made regarding the importance of asexual reproduction in Dacryophyllum
since sporophytes remain unknown. The family placement of Dacryophyllum remains uncertain.
INTRODUCTION
Dacryophyllum falcifolium was _ recently
described by Ireland (2004) as an endemic genus with
a single species confined to the central coast of
California. This plant is distinguished by its small
size, strictly complanate stems, scalpel shaped leaves
with costae either absent or only weakly double, and
prorate cells at the leaf insertion. At the time of its
description, only three small populations along the
central California coast were known: two in Santa
Cruz County, and one in Monterey County,
California. All three collections were from calcareous
rock substrates in coast redwood (Sequoia
sempervirens (D. Don) Endlicher) forest, somewhat
near flowing water but never inundated or splashed.
OBSERVATIONS
Recent collecting trips in 2005 to the coastal
portion of the Santa Lucia Mountains of Monterey
County have resulted in the discovery of several new
locations for this moss. The basic ecological
parameters as published in Ireland (2004) have
remained constant; however, one collection was made
from the side of a rotting redwood log, thereby
expanding the list of substrates to both wood and
calcareous rock.
Dacryophyllum falcifolium is now known to be a
regularly occurring plant along the central coast of
Monterey County, where many of the streams are so
strongly calcareous that tufa deposits on rocks and
logs are very common. It is often found on vertical
surfaces, but it is especially fond of small soil
benches in the middle and at the base of rock walls.
An almost constant associate is Bryolawtonia
vancouveriensis (Kindberg) Norris & Enroth, which
is quite abundant. Although Bryolawtonia is
generally found on the trunks of Umbellularia
californica (Hooker & Arnott) Nuttall and Acer
macrophyllum Pursh, it is also common on boulders
and rock walls in this portion of its range.
Bryolawtonia resembles Dacryophyllum with its
complanate stems and the formation of thin mats. It is
likely that the superficial similarity of these two
mosses is the reason that Dacryophyllum was
overlooked by other bryologists who have collected
in the area. Under a hand lens however, the two
plants can be easily separated since Dacryophyllum
has asymmetric leaves. Dacryophyllum is also a much
shinier plant, a feature seen even in the shade of a
redwood forest. Other common associates are
Metaneckera menziesii (Drummond) W. C. Steere,
Porotrichum bigelovii (Sullivant) Kindberg, a robust,
pinnately branched form of Jsothecium myosuroides
Bridel, and at some locations, Bestia longipes
(Sullivant & Lesquereux) Brotherus.
Based on our fieldwork, Dacryophyllum requires
the mesic, cool air and shade that defines the coast
redwood forests. Coast redwood requires marine fog
to survive, and in Monterey County it is restricted to
narrow bands along the canyons draining the Santa
Lucia Mountains. This fog brings the relative
humidity to near 100% during the summer months
when virtually no rain falls in California. It is
37
important to note that Dacryophyllum has not yet
been found where there is any possibility of flooding
from swollen winter streams, nor has it been found on
moist or wet soil or rock. Even the wood substrates
were dry at the time of collection. Thus, the moisture
requirements of Dacryophyllum are apparently quite
narrow: high atmospheric humidity without constant
or long periods of wetting.
An interesting observation about the distribution
of Dacryophyllum is that it occurs along the southern
third of the range of the coast redwood. This forest
type covers considerably larger landscapes as one
travels northward towards the Oregon border. Both
total rainfall and the length of the rainy season
increase to the north as well. As a result the
bryophyte biomass is significantly higher in the
northern portions of the range of the coast redwood
than it is in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties.
Dacryophyllum is a colonizing moss that grows only
in very thin mats and does not compete well with
more robust plants like [sothecium or Pterogonium
that form thick carpets. Our hypothesis is that the
narrow moisture requirements and the increased
competition from other bryophytes prevent
Dacryophyllum from occurring north of San
Francisco. Furthermore, we do not believe that
Dacryophyllum will be found in habitats with less
atmospheric humidity, such as the live oak (Quercus
agrifolia Nee) forest that is common away from the
narrow coastal canyons.
Collections of Dacryophyllum in Grimes Canyon
illustrate the requirement for a substrate rich in
calcium. Grimes Canyon, like most of the other
streams draining the coastal watersheds of the Santa
Lucia Mountains, is a very steep canyon. Highway 1
crosses the creek approximately 1 kilometer from the
Pacific Ocean. Interestingly, the roadway also marks
a change in the exposed bedrock along the creek.
Upstream of the highway, the rock is metamorphosed
limestone, and Dacryophyllum is relatively common.
Downstream, the rocks are all granitic, and
Dacryophyllum is absent, in spite of the calcareous
stream flowing through the redwood forest.
The new collections have shed no further light on
sexual reproduction in Dacryophyllum falcifolium.
Sporophytes and even perichaetia and perigonia are
still unknown. Thus, Dacryophyllum must rely on
asexual reproduction. A probable method can be
hypothesized after looking at any collection of the
plant in an herbarium packet. Usually the bottom of
Volume 23 (2)
the packet is filled with small branches that have
broken off of the plants. Furthermore, the thin mats of
Dacryophyllum are easily removed from _ the
substrate. Thus Dacryophyllum is an especially
portable moss, easily moved from place to place by
small animals or even the strong winds that blow off
of the Pacific Ocean.
FAMILY PLACEMENT
Dacryophyllum was originally assigned to the
Hypnaceae by Ireland (2004) where he considered it
to be morphologically close to Taxiphyllum.
However, this was rather speculative at the time of
publication, and was based on the relationship to
Taxiphyllum, and on a DNA analysis of a single
chloroplast gene by A. J. Shaw. In Shaw’s
communication to Ireland (Ireland 2004), Shaw
expressed doubt on the reliability of such an analysis
in the Hypnales. Shaw’s test showed closest alliance
to Hypnum pallescens (Hedwig) P. Beauvois ,
causing Shaw to comment “...gives some support to
the Hypnaceae idea”. Ireland (2004) was quick to
point out that Dacryophyllum bears little
morphological resemblance to Hypnum pallescens, or
any other species of Hypnum. With this inconclusive
and confusing evidence, it is impossible to avoid the
conclusion that neither Ireland nor Shaw was totally
convinced that Dacryophyllum belonged in the
Hypnaceae.
We favor another possible placement, the
Neckeraceae. This was the initial position held by Bill
Buck when he excluded this plant from Taxiphyllum
(Ireland 2004). Our position is based on the gestalt of
the plant as observed in the field and its close
association with and resemblance to Bryolawtonia.
In California, the Neckeraceae is a small moss
family primarily restricted to a narrow coastal belt
that receives marine fog in the summer. Metaneckera
menziesii, Bryolawtonia vancouveriensis, Neckera
douglasii Hooker, and Porotrichum bigelovii are all
neckeraceous plants relatively common along the
coast of California. As the climate of California has
changed through time, many moss families that are
more common in subtropical climates are now either
absent from California today or confined to these
restricted coastal habitats. Hookeria lucens (Hedwig)
J. E. Smith is a good example of the only California
representative of the Hookeriaceae, and is confined to
coast redwood forests north of San Francisco.
However, subtropical affinity to the Hypnaceae is
38
also affirmed by the presence of Pseudotaxiphyllum
elegans (Bridel) Iwatsuki in coastal California. So
even though the Neckeraceae is more densely
represented in coastal California than the Hypnaceae,
ancestral relationships of the latter family cannot be
ruled out. We have provided several bryologists with
fresh material of Dacryophyllum in the hope that
more extensive genetic analyses will be forthcoming
to provide additional insight into the family
placement of this beautiful little moss.
ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS
We provide the following new occurrences for
Dacryophyllum falcifolium to supplement the
citations in Ireland (2004). Since we located several
large populations of Dacryophyllum, we felt
comfortable providing duplicates to several herbaria
beyond our home institution. All collections are
presented from north to south. Latitude/longitude are
referenced as NAD 27.
MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Along Juan
Higuera Creek upstream of Highway 1 between
Andrew Molera State Park and Pfeiffer Big Sur State
Park. On diffusely lit calcareous rock in coast
redwood forest on the banks of the creek ca. 1.3 m
above waterline. RIE, T19S, Section 24,
36°15’51”N, 121°47°57”W, elevation 70 m, 6 Jan
2006, Kellman 4951 (CAS). Along Grimes Creek
upstream of Highway 1 between Pfeiffer Big Sur
State Park and Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park. On dry
metamorphic rock in full shade in coast redwood
forest above the creek. R2E, T20S, section 10,
36°12°31”N, 121°44’04”W, elevation 175 m, 20 Nov
2005, Kellman & Shevock 4824 (CAS), Shevock &
Kellman 27738 (CAS, MO, NY, UC). Julia Pfeiffer
Burns State Park: on dry metamorphic rock and soil
over metamorphic rock paralleling Partington Creek
upstream from Highway 1 in coast redwood forest.
R2E, T208, section 24, 36°10°40”N, 121°41°35”W,
elevation 70 m, 20 Nov 2005, Kellman & Shevock
4856 (CAS), Shevock & Kellman 27747 (CAS, E, H,
KRAM, MO, NICH, NY, UC). Along McWay Creek
on moist, diffusely lit calcareous rock in coast
redwood forest above the immediate banks of the
creek. ROE, T208, Section 29, 36°09’41”N,
121°40’00”W, elevation 100 m, 6 Jan 2006, Kellman
4944 (CAS). University of California Landels-Hill
Big Creek Reserve: on metamorphic rock in coast
redwood forest in Devils Canyon just upstream from
EVANSIA
confluence with Big Creek, R3E, T21S, Section 25,
36°04°37"N, 121°35’30”W, elevation 60 m, 11 Dec
2005, Kellman & Shevock 4906 (CAS), Shevock &
Kellman 27757 (CAS, DUKE, MO, NY, UC).
Limekiln State Park: common on soil over
metamorphic rock near Limekiln and Hare Creeks in
coast redwood forest. Kellman & Shevock 4701,
4706, (CAS) and ca. 100 m. below Limekiln Falls,
R4E,T22S, section 15, 36°00’50”N, 121°31°00”W,
elevation 80 m, 2 Jul 2005, Shevock & Kellman
27464 (CAS, H, KRAM, MO, NY, UC); Hare Creek
trail, on thin soil on the side of rotting log in coast
redwood forest and on upturned root burl of coast
redwood forest. R4E, T22S section 15, 36°00’40”N,
121°30’50”W, elevation 75 m., Kellman & Shevock
4708 (CAS) and Shevock and Kellman 27466 (CAS,
H, KRAM, MO, NY, UBC, UC).
RARITY AND CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
On a global scale, Dacryophyllum is indeed a
rare and highly localized endemic. Populations are
not extensive in the area where it occurs, although at
these sites, plants are quite healthy and in dense mats.
The limited size of these populations is directly
related to the amount of available habitat. We
anticipate that additional populations of
Dacryophyllum will be located in the near future as
more of the Santa Lucia Range along the Monterey
Coast is explored. Fortunately, with these recent
discoveries, Dacryophyllum falcifolium is now
documented to occur on lands managed in the public
domain, including three units of the California State
Park System and one from the Natural Reserve
System, University of California. From a
conservation perspective, the long-term prognosis for
species protection is considerably enhanced since the
original discovery of the moss. We also predict that
populations of Dacryophyllum are highly likely to be
documented to occur in the Los Padres National
Forest since several of the populations cited above are
less than 1 kilometer from the forest boundary. If new
populations of Dacryophyllum are found on National
Forest System lands then this species would likely
meet the criteria for addition to the Forest Service
sensitive species program. Such an action would
supplement long-term conservation and management
of this remarkable genus.
39
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the Los Padres National
Forest, The California Department of Parks and
Recreation, and the University of California Natural
Reserve System for research permits to collect
bryophytes on lands under their jurisdiction.
Volume 23 (2)
Comments provided by Dr. Lloyd Stark as part of the
review process improved the final product.
LITERATURE CITED
Ireland, R. R. 2004. Dacryophyllum falcifolium, a
new North American genus and species (Musci:
Hypnaceae) from California. Novon 14: 70-74.
40
EVANSIA
New To New York State: Philonotis yezoana (Musci: Bartramiaceae)
JEAN Y. KEKES
2041 Cook Road, Charlton, NY 12019-0929, U.S.A
Philonotis yezoana Besch. & Card. in Card was
originally described from Japan where it is presently
considered a variety of Philonotis fontana (Hedw.)
Brid. (Noguchi 1989). As noted by Zales (1973),
however, the taxon is best treated as a species
because of its short median leaf cells, centrally placed
leaf cell papillae, singly serrate leaf margins, and
elongate marginal leaf cells. In western North
America P. yezoana is known from Montana,
California, Washington, and British Columbia. There
are also two stations for the species in eastern North
America: Newfoundland (Woodstock, on seepage
crack of rock cliff, 1976, Brassard 11287, NY) and
Vermont (Mt. Mansfield, on dripping rocks, 1892,
sin. coll., NY, specimen ID 464057). At the 2004
Andrew’s Foray, held in the Adirondacks of New
York, the species was discovered for the third time in
eastern North America. (Fig. 1)
New York. Town of Keene. Adirondack Mountain
Reserve, Ausable Club, on West Trail of the East
Branch of the Ausable River, 44° 09’N, 73° 47’ W,
elev. 400m. Kekes 1001]. (herb. KEKES, MO, NY).
The New York collection of Philonotis yezoana
was made less than a mile from the sign-in shack on
the West Trail of the Adirondack Mountain Reserve
Club. The Ausable River at the site is lined with large
rocks which are free of all bryophytes, and appear to
be regularly scoured by flowing ice and high water
during the spring melt-off. But above those “clean”
rocks there are areas with trees, generally hardwood
and hemlock, whose roots are entangled with acid
rocks. Organic detritus forms a layer over the roots
and rocks. Philonotis yezoana was found at the base
of a tree in this sort of area. The sporophytes of P.
yezoana are unknown in North America and, as one
would expect, the plants had no capsules. Crum and
Anderson (1981) report the species sometimes has
leafy bulbils in its leaf axils, but the New York plants
did not have any leafy bulbils.
As noted above, Philonotis yezoana differs from
all other North American Philonotis species in the
position of its papillae. The leaf cells on one or both
sides, (especially on the median leaf cells) bear a
massive, single, centrally placed papilla. The plants
of P. yezoana are somewhat darker green than is
typical for P. fontana. Its leaves are more or less
imbricate when dry, though when moist they are
erect-spreading. The leaves are broadly ovate-
lanceolate and abruptly narrowed to a short acumen.
The leaf margins are recurved only at the base, and
they are singly serrate. The leaf cells are rectangular
at the apex, and become short rectangular to
subquadrate as one progresses down the leaf.
Curiously, some of the upper leaf cells have papillae
here and there positioned over the upper part of the
cells. (Fig. 2)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank William R. Buck for verifying the
identities of the New York, Labrador, and Vermont
collections of Philonotis yezoana, and Bruce Allen
for providing the illustrations as well as help with the
manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
Crum, H. A. & L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. [viii] + 1328 pp.
Columbia University Press, New York.
Noguchi, A. 1989. Illustrated Moss Flora of Japan.
Part 3: 493-742 + vi. Hattori Botanical
Laboratory, Nichinan.
Zales, W. M. 1973. A taxonomic revision of the
genus Philonotis for North America, North of
Mexico. 166 pp. Ph.D. Dissertation, University
of British Columbia.
4
Volume 23 (2)
FIGURE 1. The known distribution of Philonotis yezoana in eastern North America.
EVANSIA
42
FIGURE 2. Philonotis yezoana. A. Habit. B. & D. Stem leaves. C. Stem leaf apex. E. Median laminal cells. F. Stem in cross
0.28
H), bar
section. G. Stem leaf basal margin. H. lower part of stem leaf in cross section. Scale in mm: 0.06 (C,E,G,
(B,D), bar = 1.56 (A). All figures from Kekes 1001 (MO).
43
Volume 23 (2)
The ABLS Lichen Exchange: History and Procedure
ScoTT T. BATES
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Main Campus, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
The ‘Lichen Department’ was established in
1902 as part of the Sullivant Moss Society (now
known as the American Bryological and
Lichenological Society). Since its inception the
‘Lichen Department’ maintained a collection of
lichens that, due to the activities of society members,
effectively functioned as a lichen exchange. Early
department leaders and caretakers of the lichen
collection included C. Harris, G.K. Merrill, C. Pitt, B.
Fink and C.W. Dodge (Brodo 2000). It wasn’t until
June of 1974, however, that the Lichen Exchange was
formally established at the ABLS annual meeting,
which took place that year in Tempe, Arizona (Anon.
1974, Anon. 1975). Claire K. Schmitt served as the
first official director of the exchange, which was
based at the New York State Museum (NYS). After
20 years of able service, Dr. Schmitt relinquished her
position to Dr. T.H. Nash TI in March of 1994
(Anon. 1994, Nash 1996). The exchange specimens
then took up residence in the Arizona State
University Lichen Herbarium (ASU). Since that
time, 10,171 specimens have changed hands in the
Lichen Exchange. Currently, 692 entries are included
in the exchange list, representing 384 taxa. These
total 2946 packets held at ASU, which are currently
available for exchange. In all, the exchange includes
45 participants representing 9 countries and 18
herbaria.
Participation in the Lichen Exchange is extended
to any person with an interest in lichens (ABLS
membership is encouraged but not required). One
exchange credit is given to participants for each
packet that they contribute to the exchange.
Contributions should ideally include 10-15 duplicates
for each specimen submitted; however, further credit
is not awarded for sets that include over 15 packets
for a given collection number. One specimen from
each set of duplicates that is submitted to the
exchange is accessioned into the ASU Lichen
Herbarium in consideration of the service provided.
Participants are encouraged to contribute a variety of
species and should avoid emphasizing those that are
commonly encountered. A list of available exchange
specimens is compiled from contributions and
distributed to participants twice a year (late fall and
spring). Upon receiving the list, participants mark the
specimens that they desire (keeping in mind the
amount of credit that they have accumulated) and
return their requests to the Lichen Exchange manager.
Once received, requests are granted on a first-come,
first-serve basis (according to postmark date in order
to afford some degree of fairness for over-seas
participants).
Specimens that are submitted to the exchange
should be fully identified as unidentified or partially
identified material will be returned to the sender. The
identification of specimens submitted to the exchange
are generally not checked for accuracy; therefore, it is
suggested that participants who are new to the field
should consult more advanced lichenologists in order
to insure proper identification of material. Packet
dimensions of roughly 4” X 6” (10 X 15 cm) are
recommended and specimens should be of sufficient
size to fill the majority of the packet. Each packet
should include a label (printed on 100% rag/acid-free
paper) citing collection locality (major and local
political units), latitude/longitude, substrate, habitat,
collector(s), collection number, date of collection and
determinator. Labels should not be glued to packets
as newly acquired exchange specimens are normally
placed in new packets by participants according to
their preferred herbarium packet style. Please consult
publications such as Lichens of North America
(Brodo et al. 2001) for additional information
regarding collecting and curating lichen specimens.
More information about the ABLS Lichen
Exchange can be obtained online through the ASU
Lichen Herbarium website
(http://ces.asu.edu/ASULichens/abls/abls.jsp).
Correspondence should be directed to Dr. T.H. Nash
I, c/o ASU Lichen Herbarium, School of Life
Sciences, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501
(or tom.nash@asu.edu).
44
LITERATURE CITED
Anonymous. 1974. News & Notes. Bryologist 77:
500.
Anonymous. 1975. Notice: Lichen exchange
established. Mycotaxon 2: 142.
Anonymous. 1994. News & Notes. Bryologist 97:
224.
EVANSIA
Brodo, I.M. 2000. Lichenology in the American
Bryological and Lichenological Society — 1899-
1999. Bryologist 103: 15-27.
Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001.
Lichens of North America. Yale University Press,
New Haven.
Nash, T.H. II. 1996. The Lichen Exchange. Evansia
13: 92.
45
Volume 23 (2)
The American Bryological and Lichenological Society Moss and Hepatic
Exchanges
Welcome New Participants
NORTON G. MILLER AND PAUL G. DAVISON
Biological Survey, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230 U.S.A.;email: nmiller2@mail_nysed.gov
One benefit of ABLS membership is voluntary
participation in an exchange of bryophyte and
lichen specimens. The Executive Committee of
the Society appoints directors to administer the
exchanges, and at present they are operated at no
cost to participants. Currently Norton Miller and
Lori Leonardi (New York State Museum [NYS])
serve as co-Directors of the Moss Exchange, and
Paul Davison (University of North Alabama
[UNAF]) is in charge of the Hepatic Exchange.
Tom Nash (Arizona State University [ASU])
serves in the same capacity for lichens (Bates,
2006). Here we provide a brief history of the moss
and hepatic exchanges, a summary of how they
work, and some instructions for new participants,
especially ones with taxonomic and _ floristic
interests, which we hope this notice will recruit.
The two ABLS bryophyte exchanges have
existed in their present formats for over 70 years,
although antecedents of both moss and hepatic
exchanges can be traced back almost to the
beginning of the Society in 1898 when a section of
the Fern Bulletin named Moss Department was
established (Conard, 1947). From that modest
start, the Sullivant Moss Society emerged, and
from the SMS the American Bryological and
Lichenological Society arose. Directors of the
Hepatic Exchange have been Theodore C. Frye
(1934-1941), Aaron J. Sharp (1941-1943), Paul
M. Patterson (1943-1952), Ronald L. McGregor
(1952-1956), Leo F. Koch (1956-1960), Paul L.
Redfearn, Jr. (1960-1971), Barbara Crandall-
Stotler (1972-1982), Raymond M. Stotler (1982—
2003), and Paul G. Davison (2003-). The
following have served as Moss Exchange directors:
Inez M. Haring (1935-1941), Richard T. Wareham
(1941-1950), Henry A. Gleason, Jr. (1951-1954),
James Kucyniak (1954-1956); Edwin H.
Ketchledge (1956-1960), Ronald A. Pursell
(1960-1974), Paul L. Redfearn, Jr. (1974-1978),
Jerry A. Snider (1978-1984), Patricia M. Eckel
(1984-1991), Gary Merrill (1991-1999), Bruce H.
Allen (1999-2004), and Norton G. Miller and
Lorinda Leonardi (2005-).
Specimens distributed by the ABLS bryophyte
exchanges are useful in many ways, but most often
they serve as reference specimens against which
unknowns can be compared. Such comparisons
often trump the information in keys, descriptions,
and illustrations, because a plant sample observed
directly is usually better than a description or an
illustration, which in some degree are abstractions.
ABLS exchanges typically include plants from
diverse geographic areas, which provide a way to
evaluate variation in the expression of
morphological characters. Moreover, exchange
specimens can include collections from places a
participant may not ever visit.
At present there are 37 members of the Moss
Exchange, and many represent institutional
herbaria. Participants reside in seven countries,
with the USA best represented (21 members).
Other members are in Canada, Italy, Germany,
Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The Moss
Exchange distributed 166 specimen sets (1043
packets) in 2005. The Hepatic Exchange includes
28 members, 17 in the USA and the remaining in
Canada, Germany, Hungary, and Japan. Exchange
lists are prepared and mailed four times a year,
usually in January, April, July, and October. The
moss list is sent first class (North American
addresses) and by airmail (Europe and elsewhere).
The hepatic list is sent by e-mail, or, if requested,
by surface or air mail.
Rules governing the bryophyte exchanges are
found on the Society’s website at
46
<www.unomaha.edu/~abls/MossExchangeRules.ht
m> and
<www.unomaha.edu/~abls/exhepatic.html>.
We encourage current and prospective
members to read these guidelines.
A short summary of some rules may be
helpful to anyone considering membership in
either of the bryophyte exchanges. Specimens are
submitted in sets of duplicate specimens, each set
representing one gathering from the same habitat
and population. Therefore, each duplicate in a set
bears the same collector’s number. Duplicate sets
may consist of up to 16 packets for uncommon or
unusual species and 11 for common ones, the latter
under the assumption that many personal and
institutional herbaria may already have ample
specimens of more common bryophytes. In fact,
however, there is room to apply some discretion
here, because beginners joining an exchange may
welcome samples of common species, and
common mosses and hepatics from exotic regions
may also be desirable. Moreover, common species
with sporophytes, sexual structures, or vegetative
propagules may also be wanted. Participants
should submit no fewer than six duplicates of each
number. An exception to the six duplicate
minimum is allowed for those species that are
rarely if ever found in sizeable quantity at any one
location. In addition, participants should always
be wary of over collecting and submitting
specimens of protected or rare species.
Each specimen of a duplicate series should be
in a separate packet folded from paper that
produces a specimen jacket about 6" x 4" (10 cm
x 15 cm). Each packet must have a label of acid-
free or some other kind of archival quality paper
placed inside the packet and not glued to it.
Appropriate specimen size varies depending on
plant size, but a sample 5 cm x 5 cm is adequate
for most mosses and liverworts. Well-prepared
specimens can have some substratum, especially
when it may contain bulbils and other structures of
taxonomic interest. Members receive credit on the
basis of the number of specimens submitted. For
example, a duplicate series of ten specimens would
earn the member nine credits, with one specimen
retained for the Director’s institutional herbarium
as a ‘thank you’ for operating the exchange. A
participant’s credit is redeemed on a one credit for
one specimen basis by selecting specimens from
EVANSIA
the quarterly exchange lists. For those members
maintaining a positive balance of specimens,
selections from the specimen lists are allocated
using a priority system based on the first letter of
member’s last name and the series, a—d(priority for
list 1), e—j (list 2), k-r (list 3), and s—z (list 4).
Label preparation is very important.
Necessary elements on a label include: name of the
bryophyte (including name[s] of authors); country,
province or state; county or district; precise
location (site) of collection; altitude; a concise
description of habitat; date the plants were
collected; and name of the collector and the
number assigned to the collection in a personal
record book. If someone other than the collector
identified the specimen, the identifier’s name
should be given. Morphological notations are also
helpful. Some parts of the world have special grid
systems, and appropriate data from these can be
included. A label containing all this information
insures that a specimen will be useful far into the
future. Exchange members inexperienced in label
preparation will benefit from reading a short paper
by Edward Voss (1999), who explains the
importance of complete information on specimen
labels.
Many contemporary collectors use handheld
global position recorders to obtain location data in
degrees, minutes, and seconds, UTM notation, or
another system. If GPS is used, it is useful to state
on the specimen label what reference system the
GPS device has been set to, because there are
many grid systems, often more than one per
country. Degrees, minutes, and seconds on United
States Geological Survey topographic maps are
coordinated with GPS setting NAD 27. Latitudes
and longitudes can also be obtained from
topographic maps, but it is necessary to use a
calibrated scale to calculate a position accurately,
because of information loss when an area of the
curved surface of the earth is transferred to a flat,
two-dimensional printed map. The Coordinator
(Lakeland, FL 33803-5938), a scale designed
especially for USGS topographic maps, corrects
for this difference. Positions can also be gotten
from the Internet at, for example, a web site such
as <TopoZone.com>. Precise georeference data
stored in computers can be transformed into
distribution maps by software programs written
especially for such operations.
47
Exchange participants seeking information on
maintaining a personal bryophyte herbarium may
wish to consult Davison (2002) and Flowers et al.
(1945). Additional details on collecting and
processing specimens also can be found in a
number of references including Schofield (1985)
and Ireland and Bellolio-Trucco (1987).
At present, neither Exchange serves as an
identification service, so participants are expected
to submit accurately named specimens. Of course,
the exchange directors, and many _ other
professional bryologists, are often willing to
examine problematic material when unknowns are
few and likely to be taxonomically and floristically
interesting.
We welcome new members and the continued
active participation of those who are current
members of the Moss and Hepatic Exchanges.
Specific questions may be directed to us at
nmiller2@mail.nysed.gov or pgdavison@una.edu.
Volume 23 (2)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Bruce Allen, Lewis Anderson, Bill Buck, and
Barbara Crandall-Stotler contributed information
to this article.
LITERATURE CITED
Bates, S. T. 2006. The ABLS Lichen Exchange:
History and Procedure. Evansia 23: 43-44.
Conard, H. S. 1947. History of the Sullivant Moss
Society. Bryologist 50: 389-401.
Davison, P. G. 2002. Making storage boxes for
bryophyte packets. Evansia 19: 125-127.
Flowers, S., P. M. Patterson, F. E. Wynne, & H. S.
Conard. 1945. The bryophyte herbarium. A
moss collection: preparation and care.
Bryologist 48: 198-202.
Ireland, R. R. & G. Bellolio-Trucco. 1987.
Illustrated guide to some hornworts, liverworts
and mosses of eastern Canada. Syllogeus 62.
205p.
Schofield, W. B. 1985. Introduction to Bryology.
Macmillan, New York
Voss, E.G. 1999. Labeling of herbarium
specimens. Michigan Botanist 38: 57-63.
48
EVANSIA
Announcement Board:
At the direction of the ABLS Executive
Committee we are implementing a two stage
upgrade to Evansia. With volume 23 we have
upgraded paper quality and switched to a two
column format. We have also instituted an
author-solicited peer-review system.
Effective with issue 22 (1) the senior author of
each manuscript published in Evansia receives an
electronic copy of their paper as a pdf file.
Please remember that at least one author on each
manuscript must have a current subscription to
Evansia.
Bryology & lichenology - Eagle Hill seminars
2006
Seminars at the Humboldt Institute on the coast
of Maine!
Bryophytes for Naturalists
July 9 - 15, 2006
Dr. Natalie Laura Cleavitt (nlc4@cornell.edu)
Crustose Lichens: Identification Using Morphology,
Anatomy, and Simple Chemistry July 16 - 22, 2006
Dr. Irwin M. Brodo (ibrodo@mus-nature.ca )
Intermediate Bryology: Floristics, Taxonomy, and
Ecology
July 16 - 22, 2006
Dr. Nancy G. Slack (slacknan@aol.com)
Taxonomy and Ecology of the Genus Hypnum and
Similar Genera
July 23 - 29, 2006
W.B. Schofield (Wilf) (wilfs@unixg.ubc.ca)
The Fruticose Lichen Genus Usnea in New England
September 3 - 9, 2006
Dr. Philippe Clerc (philippe.clerc@cjb.ville-ge.ch)
Syllabi are available
For more information, please contact the Humboldt
Institute, PO Box 9, Steuben, ME 04680-0009.
207-546-2821. Fax 207-546-3042
E-mail: mailto:office@eaglehill.us
Online registration and information:
http://www.eaglehill.us
Invitation to participate in a 3-day lichen
workshop, Sept. 5-7, 2006, at Opal Creek
Ancient Forest Center in western Oregon, USA.
The cost of $106 includes room and board. We
still have space for more participants.
John Villella will lead us in a foray and
workshop in the outstanding natural areas at
Opal Creek: giant forests, sculpted gorges,
abandoned mines, outcrop and talus areas, and
crystal clear water. We are hoping that
participants will come prepared to give a short,
informal presentation on a taxonomic group or
special habitat of interest, but this is optional. For
example, you might wish to reveal the secrets of
Buellia in the PNW, or of lichens on Alnus
rubra. A computer and projector will be
available.
PREREQUISITES
= This workshop is designed for people who
have already studied lichens, so we will not
be providing instruction for beginners. A
few microscopes will be provided, but we
recommend bringing both compound and
dissecting microscopes if you can.
RESERVATIONS are due no later than 30 Aug
2006. First come, first served, with a maximum
of 30 participants. We will be staying at Opal
Creek Ancient Forest Center, in the Lodge. Total
cost is $106, including room and board. Rooms
are combinations of shared bedrooms and private
rooms. Two bathrooms with showers are shared.
Food will be prepared by the lodge. See the
registration form about camping options;
however, for maximum pleasure and learning we
strongly recommend staying in the lodge and
eating with the group.
To register, go to
http://home.comcast.net/~nwlichens/events.htm,
then download and print the registration form.
Send the form along with your check to the
49
NWL Sec.-Treas., Bruce McCune, 1840 NE
Seavy Ave, Corvallis OR 97330.
Happy lichenizing! -Bruce McCune
= New bryophyte book available: “Outstanding
Mosses & Liverworts of Pennsylvania & Nearby
States”
= 144 color photos, including different stages or
different seasons for 50 or 60 species of mosses
Volume 23 (2)
and liverworts, with descriptions on the facing
pages.
Introduction to bryophytes with many concepts
illustrated with photos.
Endpapers have labelled line drawings to
illustrate different terms
Glossary
5.5 x 8.5 inches and 96 pages wire-bound.
$18.00
To order, contact Susan Munch by email:
susanm@alb.edu
Guide to contributors to EVANSIA
The aim of Evansia is to provide a vehicle for the presentation and exchange of useful information on North
American bryophytes and lichens. Articles are frequently popular in nature rather than technical and are intended
to teach and inform both amateurs and professionals. The articles include, but are not restricted to,
announcements of and reports on forays and meetings, presentations of techniques and aids for studying and
curating lichens, bryophytes, and hepatics; and reports on local floras. Checklists and papers documenting new
regional, state, or county records must include voucher specimens (collector and collection numbers) and an
indication of where the specimens are deposited or a literature reference. Occasionally, articles of broad interest
from locations other than North America may be included.
Evansia is published with the aid of desktop publishing software. Manuscripts must be submitted as Microsoft
Word documents (Times New Roman, size 10 font) attached to an email and sent directly to the editor. All
submissions must be in English; however, we will publish manuscripts with abstracts in English as well as French
or Spanish.
After a manuscript has been received it will be acknowledged by e-mail. Images can usually be transmitted as
email attachments; however, a good quality hard copy of any illustration should also be mailed to the editor.
IMPORTANT: Authors should not spend time elaborately formatting their manuscript and should avoid
numerous font changes, using footnotes, or other special features. When the manuscript is formatted for Evansia
most of this work will have to be removed. Note that /talics, bolding and underlining must be included where
appropriate. See recent copies of Evansia to resolve questions about style and format.
EFFECTIVE WITH THIS VOLUME: An author-solicited review of all manuscripts is required. When the
senior author submits a manuscript for review they should also request that the reviewer forward a copy of all
review documentation to the editor.
“Announcement Board”. Please submit information about Bryological or Lichenological fieldtrips, seminars,
meetings; or comments about curatorial techniques. Please include dates, locations and contact information for
meetings or fieldtrips. Deadlines for announcements will be March 1“ (issue 1), June 1* (issue 2), September 1*
(issue 3), and December 1* (issue 4).
Manuscripts, as email MS Word attachments, should be sent to the Editor:
EDITOR: LARRY L. ST. CLAIR
193 MLBM, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U. S. A.; email: larry_stclair@byu.edu
PHONE: (801) 422-6211 FAX: (801) 422-0093
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: KATHRYN B. KNIGHT
193 MLBM, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U.S. A.; email: katybknight@hotmail.com
ISSN: 0747-9859
ABLS Web Site: www.unomaha.edu/~abls
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VOLUME 23 NUMBER 3
© September 2006 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society
‘TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bryophytes of Limestone Rise Preserve, Albany County, New York
a JEAN Y. KEKES
2 Lichens of Limestone Rise Preserve, Albany County, New York
RICHARD C. HARRIS
Changes in the Bryophyte Flora of Cunningham Park and Alley Pond Park,
Queens County, Long Island, New York
ERIC C. MORGAN AND JON A. SPERLING
Notes on some lichens from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North
yet Carolina/Tennessee, U.S.A.
TOR T@NSBERG
4 Orthothecium intricatum in Owen Sound, Ontario
(5 JOAN CROWE
California
KERRY KNUDSEN AND JAMES C. LENDEMER
(\ Sarcopyrenia bacillosa (Nyl. ex Hasse) Nav.-Ros. & Hladun Rediscovered in
\ ns
,_ -~Warnstorfia tundrae (Arnell) Loeske (Campyliaceae) new for Wyoming
SS MARTIN J. LENZ
_, Lichens from Ellef Ringnes Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
di MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO, NADEZHDA V. MATVEEVA, CORINNE
VONLANTHEN, DONALD A. WALKER AND MARTHA K. RAYNOLDS
Announcement Board
ATTENTION: ADDITIONAL CHANGES TO EVANSIA APPROVED
50
53
56
61
64
66
68
69
qo
Bryophytes of Limestone Rise Preserve, Albany County, New York
JEAN Y. KEKES
2041 Cook Road, Charlton, NY 12019-2909; email: jkekes@nycap.rr.com
Abstract. A study was made over a two year period of the bryophytes found at Limestone Rise Preserve,
located in Albany County, New York. The preserve is administered by the Eastern New York Chapter of
the Nature Conservancy. Collections were made periodically from old woods, new woods, wetlands, fields,
glacial ridges, shale outcrops and deep crevasses in bedrock limestone. This is the checklist that resulted
from this study.
The Limestone Rise Preserve is located in the
Town of Knox, Albany County about 20 miles west
of Albany, New York. It lies at the western edge of
the Helderberg escarpment at latitude 47° 28’N,
longitude 074° 08’W. The Preserve comprises many
distinct habitats, such as old woods, new woods,
wetlands, fields, glacial ridges, and deep crevasses in
the bedrock limestone. This geographical diversity
supports a large bryophyte flora including some
endangered species.
The Preserve comprises some 61 acres, split into
two almost equally sized areas by a road (Route No.
146). The nature of these two sites varies
dramatically. On the north lying portion the area is
mostly a low flatland. This part of the Preserve was
pastureland until about 50 years ago, and now young
aspen, pine and maple are becoming established. A
glacially formed ridge, dating from the Wisconsin Ice
Sheet, separates the former meadow from an area of
open water located at the southern boundary of this
section. The section also has a wetland area, with
open water at its northernmost edge.
The area south of the road rises steeply from the
road embankment to a well-forested section of mature
trees. Hemlock, sugar maple, ash and white pine,
hornbeam and striped maple are found there. The
bedrock limestone in this section is honeycombed
with solution channels that apparently were formed
over the millennia by rainwater. Some of the larger
channels are nearly two feet across and ten to fifteen
feet in depth. The sides and bottoms of these solution
channels are entirely covered by bryophytes. Also in
this section construction has exposed areas of
limestone bedrock. This bedrock was under water
some 500 million years ago and has subsequently
lifted. In this small area many fossils (Tentaculitis,
Leperditia, and Spirifer) can be found. But more
significantly for this study, it has many calciphilous
bryophytes.
Shortly after the Limestone Rise Preserve was
acquired by the Eastern New York Chapter of the
Nature Conservancy, an initial inventory was made of
the trees, plants, birds and animals. This inventory
included five common mosses and a notation that
some six other species (unnamed) had been found.
Preliminary trips to the Preserve revealed that there
were dozens of species and the present list was
begun. Beginning in April 2004, regular visits to the
Preserve were made with the goal of generating as
complete a list of bryophytes as possible. Sites in all
sections were visited throughout the collecting
season. The solution channels demonstrated a regular
change in the dominant mosses as the seasons
progressed. This study continued until the end of the
2005 collecting season.
A complete set of voucher specimens for the
species found in the Preseve has been deposited in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden (NY).
Collections large enough to split into duplicates have
been deposited in the herbarium of the Missouri
Botanical Garden (MO) as well as in the private
herbarium of the author. The nomenclature used in
this study follows Anderson et al (1990), Iwatsuki
and Tan (2001), Buck and Allen (2004), Allen and
Pursell (2005), Hicks (1992), and Paton (1999).
LIMESTONE RISE PRESERVE BRYOPHYTES
Mosses
Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.
Amphidium mougeotii (Bruch & Schimp. in
B.S.G.) Schimp.
Anacamptodon splachnoides (Fr61. ex Brid.) Brid.
51
Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Hib.
A. rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp.
A. viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl.
Atrichum altecristatum (Ren. & Card.) Smyth &
Smyth
Bartramia pomiformis Hedw.
Brachythecium campestre (C. Mill.) Schimp. in
B.S.G.
B laetum (Brid.) Schimp.
B. populeum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G.
B. rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G.
B. velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G.
Brotherella recurvans (Michx.) Fleisch.
Bryhnia graminicolor (Brid.) Grout
B. nova-angliae (Sull. & Lesq. in Sull.) Grout
Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) Crum
Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb.
Campylium hispidulum (Brid.) Mitt.
C. radicale (P. Beauv.) Grout
Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.
Climacium americanum Brid.
Ctenidium subrectifolium (Brid.) Buck & Allen
Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.
Dicranum fulvum Hook.
D. flagellare Hedw.
D. montanum Hedw.
D. polysetum Sw.
D. scoparium Hedw.
D. viride (Sull. & Lesq. in Sull.) Lindb.
Didymodon rigidulus Hedw.
Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. var.
kneiffii (Schimp. in B.S.G.) Ménk.
Encalypta procera Bruch
Entodon challengeri (Paris) Cardot
E cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Miill.
Ephemerum crassinervium (Schwagr.) Hampe
Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.
Fissidens bryoides Hedw.
F. dubius P. Beauv.
F. osmundioides Hedw.
F. taxifolius Hedw.
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.
Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm.
Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv.
Herzogiella striatella (Brid.) Iwats.
A. turfacea (Lindb.) Iwats.
Homomallium adnatum (Hedw.) Broth.
Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. in
B.S.G.
Hypnum imponens Hedw.
Volume 23 (3)
H. lindbergii Mitt.
H. pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv.
Leskea polycarpa Hedw.
Leskeella nervosa (Brid.) Loeske
Leucobryum albidum (Brid. ex P. Beauv.) Lindb.
L. glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. in Fries
Mnium marginatum (With.) Brid. ex P. Beauv.
M. thomsonii Schimp.
Myurella sibirica (C. Mill.) Reim.
Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw.
O. ohioense Sull. & Lesq. in Aust.
O. sordidum Sull. & Lesq. in Aust.
O. stellatum Brid.
Plagiomnium ciliare (C. Mill.) T. Kop.
P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop.
P. ellipticum (Brid.) T. Kop.
Plagiopus oederiana (Sw.) Crum & Anderson
Plagiothecium laetum Schimp. in B.S.G.
Platydictya confervoides (Brid.) Crum
Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp. in B.S.G.
Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.
Pohlia wahlenbergii (Brid.) Mitt.
Polytrichum commune Hedw.
P. juniperinum Hedw.
P. pallidisetum Funck
P. piliferum Hedw.
Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not.
Rauiella scita (P. Beauv.) Reim.
Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Par. in Kindb.
Rhytidiadelphus triquetris (Hedw.) Warnst.
Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch &
Schimp. ssp. canadense Allen & Pursell
Schistidium rivulare (Brid.) Podp.
Steerecleus serrulatus (Hedw.) Robins.
Taxiphyllum deplanatum (Brach & Schimp. ex
Sull.) Fleisch
Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
Thamnobryum alleghaniense (C. Mull.) Nieuwl.
Thelia asprella Sull. in Sull. & Lesq.
Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G.
T. pygmaeum Schimp.
T. recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb.
Timmia megapolitana Hedw.
Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr.
Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid.
U. hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar
Liverworts
Cololejeunea biddlecomiae (Aust.) Evans
Conocephalum conicum (L.) Lindb.
Frullania eboracensis Gott.
Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum.
Marchantia polymorpha L.
Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt.
Odontoschisma denudatum (Nees) Dum.
Pellia epiphylla (L.) Lindb.
Plagiochila asplenoides (L.) Dum.
Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff.
Porella — platyphylla___ var.
(Schwein.) Lindb.
Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Hampe
Radula complanata (L.) Dum.
Riccia fluitans L.
Riccia rhenana Lotrb.
Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda
Scapania nemorosa (L.) Dum.
Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dum.
platyphylloidea
The author wishes to thank the Eastern New
York Chapter of the Nature Conservancy for granting
permission to undertake this study; Bruce Allen for
checking the determinations, and for his generous
EVANSIA
help during this study; and William R. Buck for his
advice and help with the field work.
LITERATURE CITED
Allen, B. & R. A. Pursell. 2005. Maine Mosses.
Fasciculus 6 (Nos. 301-325). [20] p. St. Louis,
Missouri.
Anderson, L. E., H. A. Crum & W. R. Buck. 1999.
List of the mosses of North America North of
Mexico. Bryologist 93: 448-499.
Buck, W. R. & B. H. Allen. 2004. A new name for
the eastern North American species of
Ctenidium. Evansia 21: 38-39.
Hicks, M. L. 1992. Guide to the Liverworts of North
Carolina. Duke University Press.
Iwatsuki, Z. & B. C. Tan. 2001. Entodon challengeri
(Paris) Cardot, the correct name for E.
compressus sensu Mizushima and Crum and
Anderson. Taxon 50: 1125-1128.
Paton, J. A. 1999. The Liverwort Flora of the British
Isles. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
53
Volume 23 (3)
Lichens of Limestone Rise Preserve, Albany County, New York
RICHARD C. HARRIS
The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126; rharris@nybg.org
Abstract. A list of 63 lichens and lichenicolous fungi is provided. Tremella candelariellae Diederich is
new to North America on a new host, Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & Buck, a species of Bacidia
probably new to science is noted, and Rinodina efflorescens Malme is new to New York.
Bill Buck and I had a one day opportunity to
collect at the Limestone Rise Preserve with Jean
Kekes to whom we are indebted for her hospitality.
Obviously the lichens have not been searched for
with the same intensity as the bryophytes but the
collection is nonetheless of sufficient interest to merit
reporting. The site characteristics are described in the
preceding paper (Kekes, 2006). At first glance the
prospect was not encouraging as the southern part of
the preserve is densely shaded and the northern part
with rather young, dense second-growth. For this
reason the lists from the two parts are kept separate
below. The lack of overlap in species composition is
mostly real although "weedy" species collected first
in the southern part were not re-collected in the
northern part. However, as past experience has
shown, even unpromising sites often provide pleasant
surprises. The results once again show how much
basic collecting of fungi (including lichens) needs to
be done before even a minimal sketch of their
diversity exists for eastern North America. Vouchers
are deposited at The New York Botanical Garden
(NY).
Southern part of preserve: Older, moist hardwoods
with dense shade and exposed limestone.
Absconditella lignicola Vézda & Pisut, on lignum —
Harris 51820.
Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr,
on base of oak — Harris 51821.
Arthonia caesia (K6rb.) Kérb., on trunk of Carya
ovata — Harris 51822.
Arthonia helvola (Nyl.) Nyl., on base of Fraxinus —
Harris 51823.
Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal., on trunk of old
Acer saccharum — Harris 51824.
Bacidia schweinitzii (Michen.) A. Schneid., on trunk
of old Acer saccharum — Harris 51825.
Bacidia sp., on trunk of old Acer saccharum — Harris
51826.
Epihymenium green, with crystals; exciple
patchily green, with numerous crystals; hypothecium
colorless; ascospores ca. 20-28 x 1.7-2.3 um; conidia
bacillar 6-8 x 1.5 ym. The only species reported from
North America by Ekman (1996) with crystals in the
exciple is B. absistens (Nyl.) Amold which has
ascospores over 40 um in length and filiform conidia.
In aspect and ascospore size it seems closer to B.
circumspecta (Vainio) Malme which lacks
epihymenial and excipular crystals.
Biatora longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen, on
trunk of Acer saccharum — Harris 51827.
Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arn., on mosses —
Buck 49375.
Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau, on trunk
of Carya ovata — Harris 51828.
Chaenothecopsis debilis (Sm.) Tibell, on lignum —
Buck 49376.
Cladonia furcata (Hudson) Schrad., over rock —
Harris 51829,
Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm., over rock — Harris
51830, Harris 51831 (an abnormally squamulose
form).
Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg., on soil —
Harris 51832.
Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick, on soil —
Harris 51833.
Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Licking & Lumbsch, on
rotten stump — Buck 49355, Harris 51834.
Cresponea chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente, on
trunk of old Acer saccharum — Harris 51835.
Graphis scripta (L.) Ach., on base of Acer
saccharum — Harris 51836.
54
Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris, near base of
Acer saccharum — Harris 51838 (with
apothecia).
Lecidea berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. s. /at., on
bryophytes on base of old Acer saccharum —
Buck 49375A, Harris 51839.
Lecidea erythrophaea F lérke, on trunk of Carya
ovata — Harris 51840.
Lepraria lobificans Ny1., on base of oak — Harris
51841.
Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr., on limestone —
Buck 49378, Harris 51842.
Melanelixia fuliginosa (Duby) O. Blanco et al., on
trunk of Fraxinus — Harris 51844.
Micarea prasina Fr., on lignum — Harris 51845.
Mycobilimbia epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik. et al., on
mosses — Harris 51846.
Sterile but closely resembles fertile material from
Michigan and Minnesota.
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale, on trunk
of Quercus — Harris 51847.
Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln., over limestone — Harris
51848.
Peltigera neckeri Mull. Arg., over limestone — Harris
51849.
Peltigera praetextata (Sommerf.) Zopf, over
limestone — Harris 51850, 51851 (fertile).
Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell — Harris
51852.
Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Ess|., on trunk of
Acer saccharum — Harris 51853.
Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl., on trunk
of guercus — Harris 51854.
Physcia millegrana Degel., on trunk of dead Acer
saccharum — Harris 51855.
Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) & Steiner, on
limestone — Buck 49362, Harris 51856.
Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog, on trunk of Quercus —
Harris 51857 (isidia becoming lobulate).
Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P. James, on
sandstone erratic — Harris 51858.
Northern part of preserve: Younger, more open, drier
woods with acidic glacial erratics.
Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Am., on erratic — Harris
51859.
Caloplaca cerina (Hedwig) Th. Fr., on trunk of
Populus tremuloides — Harris 51860.
EVANSIA
Caloplaca holocarpa (Ach.) A. E. Wade, on trunk of
Populus — Buck 49385.
Candelaria concolor (Dickson) Stein, on trunk of old
Acer rubrum — Harris 51861.
Cladonia grayi Sandst., on base of Betula — Harris
51862.
Cladonia ochrochlora F \orke, on rotten stump —
Harris 51863.
Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm., on soil among mosses
— Harris 51864.
Cladonia polycarpoides Nyl., on soil — Harris 51865.
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, on base of oak —
Harris 51867.
Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirton) Hale, on trunk of
dead apple — Harris 51868.
lonaspis alba Lutzoni, on erratic — Harris 51869.
Lepraria elobata Tensberg, on erratic — Harris
51870.
Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau, on erratic — Harris
51871.
Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al., on
Rhus typhina along road — Harris 51872.
Parmelia sulcata Taylor, on Rhus typhina along road
~ Harris 51873.
Phaeocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell, on Rhus
typhina, along road — Buck 49387.
Physcia adscendens H. Olivier, on trunk of Popults
tremuloides — Harris 51874.
Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl., on dead branch of Acer
rubrum ~ Harris 51875.
Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph, on
erratic — Harris 51876.
Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab var.
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Fryday, on erratic — Harris
31877.
Punctelia subrudecta auct. Amer., on trunk of Acer
rubrum in swamp — Harris 51878.
Rinodina efflorescens Malme, on trunk of Acer
rubrum in swamp — Harris 51879.
New for New York State.
Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy, on erratic —
Harris 51880.
Tremella candelariellae Diederich & Etayo*, on
Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & Buck —
Harris 51881. Not previously reported from
North America. Also first report from C.
efflorescens.
Vouauxiomyces truncatus (de Lesd.) Dyko & D.
Hawksw.?*, on Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.)
Hale — Harris 51882.
55
Cole & Hawksworth (2001) describe V. tulasnei with
broad conidiospores from Xanthoparmelia but this
collection seems better placed in V. truncatus s. lat.
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale, on erratic —
Harris 51883 (A form with very long, branched
isidia).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
James Lendemer is thanked for an expeditious
review.
Volume 23 (3)
LITERATURE CITED
Cole, M.S. & D. Hawksworth. 2001. Lichenicolous
fungi, mainly from the USA, including
Patriciomyces gen. nov. Mycotaxon 77: 305-
338.
Ekman, S. 1996. The corticolous and lignicolous
species of Bacidia and Bacitlina in North
America. Opera Bot. 127: 1-148.
Kekes, J. 2006. Bryophytes of Limestone Rise
Preserve, Albany County, New York. Evansia
23(3): 50-52.
EVANSIA
Changes in the Bryophyte Flora of Cunningham Park and Alley Pond
Park, Queens County, Long Island, New York City
ERIC C. MORGAN
Author for Correspondence, Bartlett Arboretum,151 Brookdale Road, Stamford CT 06903; email: cgdz33a@aol.com
JON A. SPERLING
Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367
Abstract. A recent inventory of the bryophyte flora of Cunningham and Alley Pond Parks, Queens
County, New York City resulted in documentation of thirty-eight moss species, eight liverworts and one
Hornwort. These results are compared with results of earlier studies performed on the parks between the
years of 1975 and 1986. Over this time period drastic changes in the bryoflora have occurred, most notably
the loss of more than forty percent of the species previously reported including the loss of one species
listed as rare in New York State.
Keywords. mosses, liverworts, bryophytes, New York, species loss, Queens County, Long Island
Cunningham Park and Alley Pond Park are
located in Queens County, Long Island, New York,
within the political boundaries of the City of New
York. Combined these two parks comprise
approximately 1013 acres of open space, consisting
of diverse vegetation types. Both parks have large
tracts of natural forest areas as well as managed areas
such as athletic playing fields. Falling within a large
urban area, and thus within close proximity to
numerous universities, the vascular flora of both
Alley Pond Park and Cunningham Park have been
extensively studied over the past several decades
(Loeb 1992; Greller 1977; Greller and Garcia 1986;
Lefkowitz and Greller 1973; Stalter 1981). Within
New York City parks and throughout the greater
geographic region of Long Island, documentation of
and research into the bryophyte flora has been
limited. After some earlier twentieth century studies
in the area by Cain and Penfound (1938), Grout
(1916), and Jelliffe (1899), very little work has been
focused on Long Island bryophytes. Several
bryologists have done significant collections on Long
Island for works covering greater geographic regions.
Recent papers (Biechele 1993; Morgan and Sperling
2005; Sperling and Morgan 2003) have begun to
address local bryophyte floristics and will provide
baseline data for further studies.
We conducted this study in an attempt to
document the changes in the bryophyte flora from
earlier records (1975-1986) and our more recent
surveys. Documenting these changes is important in
monitoring the overall status of the parks in question.
These data may be indicators of larger ecological
changes throughout the region as well. Bryophytes
have been used as indicators of air pollution (Davis
et. al. 2001), and in the monitoring of longer-term air
pollution trends (Pott and Turpin 1996) and are
therefore an integral part of monitoring the health of
both urban and rural natural areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cunningham Park and Alley Pond Park are
located in Queens County, New York, on Long
Island. The forested portions of both parks are
classified in the Oak Chestnut region of Braun
(1950). Within Cunningham Park, the dominant
combination of red oak (Quercus borealis var.
maxima) tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera),
flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), and red maple
(Acer rubrum) characterize the forest (Greller 1977).
In Alley Pond Park, red oak (Quercus rubra), black
57
oak (Quercus velutina), and flowering dogwood
(Cornus florida) are the dominant trees (Stalter
1981). In addition to the forested areas, there are a
number of other vegetation types including
maintained athletic fields and neglected roadsides
bordering the park.
From January 2003 until October 2005, the sites
were visited and sampled regularly resulting in
approximately 350 samples being collected which
were later identified in the lab. Voucher samples of
each species have been placed in the Biology
Department Herbarium Collection at Queens College,
Flushing NY. No additional species have been added
to the current species list since mid 2004.
These results were compared to earlier
collections made by J. Sperling between the years of
1975 and 1986 (Sperling and Morgan 2003). Earlier
collections made within the park are found in
Sperling (1958) but are only partial and entirely
included within the later findings and are not
considered here for comparison purposes.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In total, eighty-four species of bryophytes have
been recorded for Cunningham and Alley Pond Parks
consisting of sixty-one moss species, twenty-one
liverworts, and two hornworts. The earlier moss flora
consisted of fifty-nine species while the current moss
flora consists of thirty-eight including two species not
previously found in the park. This represents a loss
of forty-one percent of previously documented
species. This was offset by the addition of two new
species for a net loss of thirty-six percent of the
Parks’ moss species. For liverworts, the earlier flora
consisted of nineteen species while currently; the
flora consists of only eight including two species not
previously recorded. This represents a net loss of
sixty-eight percent of previously recorded species.
This was partially offset by the two newly found
species resulting in a loss of fifty-eight percent of the
liverworts. Hornworts, which were formerly
represented by two species, are now represented by
only a single rare species. These numbers are
represented in Table 1.
One species present in the earlier study,
Sphagnum platyphyllum (Braithw.)Warnst., is listed
as Sl by the New York State Natural Heritage
Program. With this designation this species is
considered critically imperiled in New York State due
to extreme rarity, five or fewer sites or very few
Volume 23 (3)
remaining individuals, or extremely vulnerable to
extirpation in New York State due to biological
factors (Young and Weldy, 2005). While previously
present, as confirmed by an expert (Sperling and
Morgan 2003), this species is now extirpated within
the both Alley Park and Cunningham Park.
Several other species deserve further note such as
Sphagnum lescurii Sull. which while still present in
the parkland, is now rare and difficult to locate. This
is in contrast to J. Sperling’s personal observations of
S. lescurii being quite common during his earlier
work. Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook) Carruth. is another
formerly common species. When performing the
earlier collections, J. Sperling (pers. obs.) could
reliably find the species in essentially every kettle
pond and wet depression in the park. Currently, only
one site has P. /yellii and the authors were reluctant to
collect a sample the plant for fear of eliminating its
presence altogether. Another noteworthy species is
Polytrichum ohiense Ren. & Card. which is newly
listed for the park. This species occurs at only one
site in the park and is present in an area where
extensive forest replanting has occurred in recent
years (City of New York, 2004). This replanting
resulted in the importation of numerous balled and
burlaped trees and significant disturbance of the
surrounding soil. This new species report may very
well be the result of recent anthropogenic factors.
Since first finding the species in 2003, the population
has diminished to the point where it now appears
extirpated in the park. These findings underscore the
importance for additional quantitative analysis of the
bryophyte flora of both parks.
This disturbing loss of species richness within
the parks raises the importance level for future studies
on the causes of such a decrease. These levels of
bryophyte loss are even more severe than the twenty
five percent native species loss recently observed
over a fifty year study of vascular plants at another
nearby urban park (DeCandido, 2004). A variety of
factors may be acting independently or in
combination including foot traffic, local climate, air
quality, successional patterns, or even the impact of
invasive species. New York City Parks serve a
population of over ten million people within the city
and surrounding counties on Long Island and are
visited by a sizeable number of people each year.
The heavy foot traffic at Cunningham Park and Alley
Pond Park, two of the city park systems largest and
best-known parks, may be taking a heavy toll on the
58
bryophyte flora. Future studies comparing the flora in
relation to footpaths are underway and may provide
important data for the future selection of park trails.
A variety of local climatic factors may also be
involved, most noticeably the observed drying out of
several of Alley’s kettle ponds which provided
suitable habitat for Sphagnum mosses.
Air pollution is not likely to be a factor since
many of pollutants now in New York City air are at
significantly lower levels than reported in the 1970s
and 1980s. The authors have hypothesized that
improvements in city air quality may even play a role
in the occurrence of the two epiphytic liverworts,
Frullania bolanderi Aust. and F. eboracensis Gott.,
and one epiphytic moss Orthotrichum pumilum Sw.;
none of which were previously reported for the park.
Succession within the parks has likely played a
role in forest species richness, however the authors
feel that an aging woodland would show a trend in
the opposite direction of what has been observed.
More recent studies of the forest canopy will need to
be performed to confirm or dismiss the role of
succession.
Invasive species have exerted a_ significant
impact on local vascular plants in recent years. In
particular, Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) has
been shown to have a negative impact upon some
native Long Island plants (Fang 2005). In Alley Park,
Stalter (1981) showed that from 1936 to 1975,
Norway Maple increased from essentially non-
existent to an Importance Value of 19. From personal
observations both authors confirm that there are now
large stands of Norway Maples throughout both parks
including some large trees contributing to the forest
canopy. Whether or not this invasive tree impacts
bryophyte communities in a similar manner will
provide numerous questions for future researchers.
In conclusion, there will likely be additional
bryophytes added to the park’s checklist. However,
the authors acknowledge that earlier collections were
not performed with the same intensity and diligence
as the more recent studies. This leads us to believe
that any bryophytes added to the more recent lists
would have been offset by those missed in earlier
studies. This also leads us to the conclusion that there
has indeed been a significant and unfortunate loss of
bryophyte species within these two biologically and
socially important urban parks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EVANSIA
The authors would like to thank Dr. Andrew
Greller, Professor Emeritus, Queens College,
Flushing, NY for reviewing and editing the
manuscript and providing extensive insight towards
the ecology of the two sites.
LITERATURE CITED
Biechele, L.T. 1993. A checklist of the Hepaticae and
Anthocerotae of Eastern Suffolk County, Long
Island, New York. Evansia. 10:99-103.
Cain, S. M. and W.T. Penfound. 1938. Aceretum
rubri: the red maple swamp forest of central
Long Island. Amer. Midl. Naturalist. 19:390-416.
City of New York Parks and Recreation. 2004.
2003 Annual report of the Natural Resources
Group Forest Restoration team. New York, NY.
Davis, D.D., J.R. McClenahen, and R.J. Hutnik.
2001. Use of an epiphytic moss to biomonitor
pollutant levels in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Northeastern Naturalist. 8: 379-392.
DeCandido, R. 2004. Recent changes in plant species
diversity in urban Pelham Bay Park, 1947-1998.
Biol. Cons. 120: 129-136.
Fang, W. 2005. Spatial analysis of an invasion
frontier of Acer platanoides: dynamic inferences
from static data. Ecography 28:283-294.
Greller, A.M. 1977. A vascular flora of the forested
portion of Cunningham Park, Queens County,
New York, with notes on the vegetation. Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club. 104: 170-177.
Greller A.M. and O.L.Garcia. 1986. Variation in the
canopy composition of the forest of Alley Pond
Park, Queens County, New York. Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club. 113: 36-41.
Grout, A.J. 1916. The moss flora of New York City
and vicinity. Author Published. New Dorp, NY.
121 pp.
Jelliffe, S.E. 1899. The flora of Long Island.
Privately Printed. 163pp.
Loeb, R. E. 1992. Long-term human disturbance of
an urban park forest, New York City. Forest
Ecol. Mgmt. 49: 293-309.
Lefkowitz, A. and A.M. Greller. 1973. The
distribution of tree species on the uplands of
Cunningham Park, Queens County, New York.
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 100: 313-
318.
Morgan E.C. and J.A. Sperling. 2005. The bryophyte
flora of the Cranberry Bog Preserve, Suffolk
59
County, New York, with notes on their
distribution. Evansia. 22:78-84.
Pott, U., and D.H. Turpin. 1996. Changes in
atmospheric trace element deposition in the
Fraser valley, B.C., Canada from 1960 to 1993
measured by moss monitoring with Isothecium
stoloniferum. Can. J. Bot. 74: 1345-1353.
Sperling, J.A. 1958. Key to the bryophytes of
Cunningham Park. Nucleus-Queens County
Biology Department. 2: 9-13.
Volume 23 (3)
Sperling, J.A. and E.C. Morgan. 2003. The bryophyte
flora of Cunningham Park and Alley Pond Park.
A new flora from old specimens. Evansia. 20:11-
14.
Stalter, R. 1981. A thirty-nine year history of the
arborescent vegetation of Alley Pond Park,
Queens County, New York. Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club. 108: 485-487.
Young, S.M. and T.W. Weldy. 2005. New York Rare
Plant Status list. New York Natural Heritage
Program, Albany, N.Y. June 2005. 87 pages.
APPENDIX |
Key to Symbols
! -- Now extirpated within the parks
+ -- New addition to the flora of the parks
No symbol indicates species found presently and in
past studies
Class MUSCI
Family Amblystegiaceae
Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G.
A, juratzkanum Schimp
! Calliergon stramineum (Brid.) Kindb.
! Campylium hispidulum (Brid.) Mitt.
Drepanocladus exannulatus (B.S.G.)
Warnst.
Leptodictyum trichopodium (Schultz)
Warnst.
Family Aulacomniaceae
Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr.
Family Brachytheciaceae
! Brachythecium calcareum Kindb.
B. oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. & Seuerb. var.
oxycladon
! B. rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G.
! B. salesbrosum (Web. & Mohr.) B.S.G.
! Eurynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac
! Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) Jaeg.
& Sauerb.
Family Bryaceae
Bryum argenteum Hedw.
! B. caespiticium Hedw.
! B. capillare Hedw. var. flaccidum (Brid.)
B.S.G.
Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.
Family Dicranaceae
! Bruchia flexulosa (Sw. ex Schwaegr.)
C.Muell.
Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.
Dicranum flagellare Hedw. var.
minutissimum Grout.
! Dicranum fulvum Hook.
Family Ditrichaceae
Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.
Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe.
Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe.
60
Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh.
Family Entodontaceae
! Entodon cladorhizans (Hedw.) C. Muell.
E. seductrix (Hedw.) C. Muell.
Family Fissidentaceae
Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.
Family Funariaceae
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. var.
fHygrometrica
Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Hampe.
Family Grimmiaceae
Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. var. apocarpa
Family Hypnaceae
Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) Crum.
Hypnum curvifolium Hedw.
! H. fertile Sendtn.
lsopterygium elegans (Brid.) Lindb.
I. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt.
Platygyrium repens (Brid.) B.S.G.
Family Leucobryaceae
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. ex Fr.
Family Leskeaceae
Leskea gracilescens Hedw.
Family Mniaceae
Mnium ciliare (C.Muell.) Schimp.
Mnium cuspidatum Hedw.
Mnium hornum Hedw.
Family Orthotrichaceae
+ Orthotrichum pumilum Sw.
Family Polytrichaceae
Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) B.S.G.
A. crispum (James) Sull.
! Pogonatum pensilvanicum (Hedw.) P.-
Beauv.
Polytrichum commune Hedw.
! P. juniperinum Hedw.
+ P. ohiense Ren. & Card.
Family Pottiaceae
! Barbula unguiculata Hedw.
! Desmatodon obtusifolius (Schwaegt.)
Schimp.
Weissia controversa Hedw.
Family Sphagnaceae
! S. fimbriatum Wils.
S. lescurii Sull.
! S. palustre L.
! §. platyphyllum (Braithw.) Warnst.
! S$. subsecundum Nees.
Family Tetraphidaceae
EVANSIA
Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
Family Thuidiaceae
! Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth.
! Helodium paludtulosum (Sull.)Aust.
Thuidium delicatuhim (Hedw.)B.S.G. var.
delicatulum
Class HEPATICAE
Family Calypogeiaceae
Calvpogeia fissa (L.) Raddi.
Family Cephaloziaceae
! Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dum.
! C. lunulifolia (Dum.) Dum.
! C. pleniceps (Aust.) Lindb.
Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trev
Family Cephaloziellaceae
! Cephaloziella rubella (Nees.) Warnst.
Family Codoniaceae
! Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda.) Dum.
Family Jubulaceae
+ Frullania bolanderi Aust.
+ Frullania eboracensis Gott.
Family Jungermanniaceae
! Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dum.
! Jamesoniella autumnalis (D.C.) Steph.
! Jungermannia leiantha Grolle.
! J. gracillima Sm.
Family Lophocoleaceae
Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum
Family Pallaviciniaceae
Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth.
Family Pelliaceae
! Pellia epiphylla(L.) Corda.
Family Ptilidiaceae
! Ptilidium pulcherrium (G. Web.) Hampe.
! Kurzia sylvatica (Evans) Grolle.
Family Ricciaceae
Riccia fluitans L.
Ricciocarpus natans (L.)Corda.
Family Scapaniaceae
! Scapania nemerosa (L.) Dum.
Class ANTHOCEROTAE
Family Anthocerotaceae
! Anthoceros punctatus L.
Phaeocerus laevis (L.) Prosk.
61
Volume 23 (3)
Notes on some lichens from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
North Carolina/Tennessee, U.S.A.
TOR TONSBERG
Museum of Botany, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, NORWAY; email:
tor.tonsberg@bot.uib.no
Abstract. Gyalideopsis anastomosans, G. piceicola, Lecidea roseotincta, Microlychnus epicorticis,
Mycoblastus caesius and Opegrapha corticola are reported from the Great Smoky Mountains National
Park.
Keywords. Lichens, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina, Tennessee
In some popular notes (Tonsberg 2004, 2005) I
briefly mentioned some species new to the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) in the
southern Appalachian Mountains, Tennessee and
North Carolina, U.S.A., without citing any
specimens. As major range extensions are involved
since several of the species appear to be new to
eastern North America, most of the species are treated
in more detail below. All specimens cited are from
the GSMNP and deposited in BG unless otherwise
stated.
Gyalideopsis anastomosans P. James & Vézda
On bark of trunks of Acer rubrum, Ilex montana,
Abies fraseri and Picea rubens, once on twig of Abies
fraseri, and once on wood on the upper side of a
fallen deciduous trunk. Vertical distribution ranged
from 575 to 2020 m with most specimens from
altitudes above 1600 m. Apparently mainly a species
of the park’s high elevation conifer forests. Common,
but inconspicuous and easily overlooked. Apothecia
were not observed, but the species is easily
recognized by the characteristic isidia (denoted
“thlasidia” by Vézda [see, e.g., Vézda 2003]). In
North America this species is widely and commonly
distributed in the Pacific Northwest from Oregon to
Alaska eastwards to Idaho (Tensberg 1991, and
unpublished material in herbarium BG), and is also
known from southern California (Nash & Tonsberg
2004). Recently mentioned new to eastern North
America based on material from the GSMNP
(Tonsberg 2004).
Specimens seen: U.S.A. NORTH CAROLINA,
Swain Co., GSMNP, W of Deep Creek, along Deep
Creek Trail, 2004, Tonsberg 34173. TENNESSEE,
Blount Co., GSMNP, Cades Cove, 2002, Tonsberg
30783. Sevier Co., GSMNP, along Alum Cave Trail,
between Arch Rock and Alum Cave, 2003, Tonsberg
33726; Clingmans Dome area, 1994, Tensberg 20934
(ASU, BG, DUKE); Clingmans Dome area, Just
downhill from Appalachian Trail, 2002, Tonsberg
30818b; along Clingmans Dome Rd, just N of Road
Prong Trail trailhead, 2002, Tonsberg 30882; NE of
Newfound Gap, along Appalachian Trail, 2002,
Tonsberg 30986.
Gyalideopsis piceicola (Nyl.) Vézda & Poelt Syn. G.
alnicola Noble & Vézda
Corticolous on twigs of Abies fraseri and Picea
rubens at altitudes between 1570 and 2000-2010 m in
the park’s high elevation conifer forests. Common,
well-developed (often with both apothecia and
hyphophores). Often associated with Microlychnus
epicorticis. In the park the only known species of
Gyalideopsis with flabelliform hyphophores. In North
America it is very common in the Pacific Northwest
from Oregon to Alaska. Recently reported as new to
eastern North America from GSMNP by Tonsberg
(2004), also found at about sea-level in Canada,
62
Newfoundland (on twigs of Picea
unpublished material in herbarium BG).
Specimens seen: U.S.A., Tennessee, Sevier Co.,
GSMNP, Clingmans Dome, just downhill from
Appalachian Trail, 2002, Tgnsberg 30828, 30841;
along Clingmans Dome Rd, at Road Prong Trail
trailhead, 2002, Tonsberg 30868 (ASU, BG, DUKE,
GSMNP); NE of Newfound Gap, along Appalachian
Trail, 2002, Tensberg 30890, 30995, 31001; ridge S
of Appalachian Trail ca 700 m W of Newfound Gap,
2002, Printzen 6716.
mariana;
Lecidea roseotincta Coppins & Tensberg
Corticolous on trunk of Acer spicatum and
branches of Viburnum lantanoides at altitudes
between 1780 and 2000-2010 m. Easily recognized in
the field by the tendency to produce more or less
wine-red thalli and by the weakly developed
excipulum. In North America this species was
previously known from Washington and SE Alaska
(Tensberg 1993 and unpublished material in
herbarium BG) in the Pacific Northwest and at about
sea-level on Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the
Atlantic northeast (Tonsberg 1993). The species was
reported new to the southern Appalachian mountains
from GSMNP by Tensberg (2004).
Specimens seen: U.S.A., North Carolina, Swain
Co., GSMNP, NE of Clingmans Dome, along
Appalachian Trail, 2005, Tonsberg 35222. Tennessee,
Sevier Co., GSMNP, Clingmans Dome, downhill
from Appalachian Trail, 2002, Tonsberg 30837;
along The Boulevard Trail, 2005, Tonsberg 36297.
Microlychnus epicorticis A. Funk.
Corticolous on twigs of Abies fraseri, Picea
rubens, and branches of Viburnum lantanoides at
altitudes between 1600 - 1610 and 2000 — 2010 m. A
typical species in the park’s high elevation,
coniferous forests. Often well-developed with both
hyphores and apothecia. Gyalideopsis piceicola is
apparently a frequent associate. Easily distinguished
from that species by the long, setiform hyphophores
(see also Vézda 2003). Microlychnus epicorticis was
reported as new to eastern North America by
Tonsberg (2004). The monotypic genus Microlychnus
will be placed in synonomy with Gyalideopsis in a
forthcoming paper by Liicking & Buck.
Specimens seen: U.S.A., Tennessee, Sevier Co.,
GSMNP, along Clingmans Dome Rd, at Road Prong
Trail trailhead, 2002, Tonsberg 30869; NE of
EVANSIA
Newfound Gap, along Appalachian Trail, 2002,
Tonsberg 30994 (with G. piceicola), 31000;
Clingmans Dome, downhill from Appalachian Trail,
2002, Tonsberg 30829 (ASU, DUKE, BG, GSMNP),
30839, 30840.
Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P. James)
Tonsberg
Corticolous on trunks of Betula lenta and Sorbus
americana, on trunks and branches of Abies fraseri,
and lignicolous on stump (unidentified) at altitudes
between 1600-1700 and 1990-2000 m. Usually
sterile, but apothecia present in Tonsberg 36331. In
North America this species was previously known
from the coastal lowlands of the Pacific Northwest
from northern California to Alaska (Tonsberg 1992
and unpublished material in herbartum BG), and at
about sea-level in Newfoundland in the Atlantic
northeast (unpublished material in herbarium BG).
Mentioned as new to eastern North America by
Tonsberg (2004).
Specimens seen: U.S.A., North Carolina, Swain
Co., GSMNP, E of Newfound Gap, along
Appalachian Trail, 1992, Tonsberg 18173. Tennessee,
Sevier Co., GSMNP, Clingmans Dome, just downhill
from Appalachian Trail, 2002, Tonsberg 30800,
30801, 30812, 30827; along The Boulevard Trail,
2005, Tensberg 36331.
Opegrapha corticola Coppins & P. James
Corticolous on Cornus florida and Quercus
imbricaria at lower elevations (between 540-560 and
650 m) in hardwood forests. Sterile. This species was
recently reported new to North America from
Arkansas and Oklahoma (Tensberg 2002), and to the
GSMNP (Tonsberg 2004).
Specimens seen: U.S.A. North Carolina, Swain
Co., GSMNP, E of Raven Fork River, along Big
Cove Rd, 2002, Tonsberg 30980. Tennessee, Blount
Co., GSMNP, Cades Cove, 2002, Tonsberg 30725,
30738.
NOTES
Of the species treated above, Gyalideopsis
piceicola, Microlychnus — epicorticis, | Lecidea
roseotincta, and Mycoblastus caesius may prove to be
restricted to the Parks high elevation, coniferous or
mixed coniferous-hardwood forests, | whereas
Opegrapha corticola is a species of low-elevation
63
hardwood forests. Gyalideopsis anastomosans
appears to be mainly a high-elevation species in the
park, but with occurrences elsewhere. Main
phorophytes for Gyalideopsis piceicola, and
Microlychnus epicorticis are Abies fraseri and Picea
rubens, where they occur commonly on the thinnest
twigs (twigs supporting needles). Gyalideopsis
anastomosans may also occur on conifer twigs, but
most collections were from trunks of both hardwoods
and conifers. Although Lecidea roseotincta appears to
occur at high elevations only, it seems to be a species
of non-coniferous trees and shrubs associated with the
conifer forests. To my knowledge Méicrolychnus
epicorticis is known in eastern North America only
from the park, whereas Gyalideopsis piceicola,
Lecidea roseotincta, and Mycoblastus caesius also
occur in Newfoundland; Lecidea roseotincta is
known from Nova Scotia as well. At their
northernmost localites these species occur at about
sea-level, whereas at low northern latitudes such as
the park (about 35°), they seem to thrive only at high
altitudes. Except for Opegrapha corticola, the species
treated in this note, are commonly and widely
distributed in the Pacific Northwest on a wide range
of phorophytes.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Field work in the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park has been financially supported by
grants from “Discover Life In America, Inc./All Taxa
Volume 23 (3)
Biodiversity Inventory.” William R. Buck, New
York, kindly commented on the manuscript.
REFERENCES
Nash Ill, T.H. & Tonsberg, T. 2004. Gyalideopsis. In:
Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert
Region (Nash III, T.H., Ryan, B. D., Diederich,
P., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F. (eds)), Vol. Il: 126-
127. Lichens Unlimited. Arizona State
University. Tempe, Arizona.
Tonsberg, T. 1991. Gyalideopsis anastomosans new
to North America. Graphis Scripta 3: 69.
--- 1992. The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous,
crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1-
331.
--- 1993. Additions to the lichen flora of North
America. Bryologist 96: 138-141.
--- 2002. Additions to the lichen flora of North
America XI. Bryologist 105: 122-125.
--- 2004. Additions to the lichen flora of Great
Smoky Mountains National Park. All taxa
biodiversity inventory newsletter (ATBI
Quarterly) 5(1): 6.
--- 2005. Notes on the lichen flora of the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park. Southeastern
Biology 52 (1): 26-28.
Vézda, A. 2003. Gyalideopsis tuerkii (lichenisierte
Ascomycotina, Gomphillaceae), eine neue Art
der Alpen. Herzogia 16: 35-40.
64
EVANSIA
Orthothecium intricatum in Owen Sound, Ontario
JOAN CROWE
RR5 Owen Sound, Ontario N4K 5N7; email: Crowe@log.on.ca
Abstract. Narrow habitat range, inherent rarity, and a general failure to develop an effective search
model are used to explain limited reports
In a_ recent article on Orthothecium
hyalopiliferum Redf. & Allen (Redfearn & Allen
2005) my attention was caught by their reference to
aspecimen of Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.)
Schimp., collected by Eugene A. Moxley in Ontario.
The specimen they alluded to was gathered by
Moxley in Owen Sound, Ontario in 1929, and for
some time I have been intrigued by the controversy
surrounding this record of Orthothecium intricatum.
Moxley published a fascinating account (Moxley
1930) of his bryological explorations in the West Hill
area of Owen Sound. Within this area he came upon
an extensive crevice cave where he found many
interesting mosses such as Cirriphyllum piliferum
(Hedw.) Grout, Leptobryvum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils.
and Seligeria paucifolia (Dicks.) Carruth. (now
excluded from North America, this specimen is S.
calcarea (Hedw.) B.S.G. see Vitt 1976, p.259). At
this locality he also found ‘“‘on a rugged limestone
table a patch of golden-green moss” which tumed out
to be Holmgrenia intricata (Hartm.) Lindb., a
synonym of O. intricatum. He also mentions that the
only other record in Canada at that time was one
collected by Macoun “On rocks around Kicking
Horse Lake [Wapta Lake], Rocky Mountains” (see
Macoun & Kindberg 1892, p.179).
Curiously, Moxley’s Owen Sound record of O.
intricatum is mentioned by Crum and Anderson
(1981) as suspect. They state they were unable to find
the moss during a search for it in 1961, and that “the
habitat may have been right for natural vegetation in
the past, but it is not suitable now”. I, however,
disagree with their statement as to the suitability of
the area to support natural vegetation. True, houses
have been built up to the edge of the talus slope of the
West Hill area, but the Niagara Escarpment itself is a
forested conservation area. Furthermore, Black’s Park
which is probably the slope leading to the cave
Moxley describes in his article, has 23 flourishing
of Orthothecium intricatum in North America.
native fern species to this day as well as dolostone
blocks coated with most of the same mosses recorded
by Moxley.
Crum and Anderson do not seem to have been
aware that there was another paper in the Bryologist
reporting Orthothecium intricatum from Owen Sound
(Conard 1938). This paper described a foray led by
Eugene Moxley and Clarence Hand, and included Dr.
W. C. Steere and his wife. The West Hill area was
one of the many places visited and Orthothecium
intricatum is recorded as being found on “rich,
shaded talus”. It seems likely that it would have been
collected at this time and there must still be a packet
of it in a herbarium somewhere in North America.
Many of the species recorded on this foray such as
Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce and
Thamnobryum allegheniense (C.Mill.)Nieuwl. are
still found in the same locations, so it seems possible
that Orthothecium intricatum is also still present. This
West Hills area is extremely steep and rugged. It
seems to me that we really need some young,
dedicated, athletic bryologists with time on their
hands to make a thorough search to determine once
and for all if O.intricatum is still present there.
Why is this moss so rare in North America?
Aside from the two records already mentioned, there
is one from British Columbia and another from
Alaska. Is it simply that it specializes in growing in
damp limestone or dolostone crevices where no one
ever looks, or is it merely that it is hard to distinguish
from more common mosses and is overlooked?
According to Moxley’s description it is not
inconspicuous with its golden-green colour and
“symmetrical stems, averaging nearly two inches [5
cm] in length”. In keys it always seems to come out
somewhere near Py/aisia.
It seems that Moxley spent nearly all his spare
time botanizing, and he was one of those rare people
with an eye for minute differences in what he was
65
seeing. Macoun was another collector with this talent.
Both of them have had doubts cast on some of their
collections. However, it is certainly possible that
many of the species they found are still there if you
look in the right place. I did once have the experience
of picking up a lichen I had never seen before on the
shore of Lake Superior at Silver Harbour, only to
discover it was Ephebe lanata (L.) Vainio previously
reported from the same location by Macoun nearly
one hundred years before. Nothing is impossible!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Bruce Allen for reviewing this paper
and making many helpful suggestions.
LITERATURE CITED
Volume 23 (3)
Conard, H.S. 1938. The Foray of 1938. The
Bryologist 41: 139-142.
Crum, H.A. & L.E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. Vol 2. Columbia
University Press. New York.
Macoun, J. & N.C. Kindberg. 1892. Catalogue of
Canadian Plants. Part VI, Musci. viii + 1-295.
Moxley, E.A. 1930. The Hall Carpet. The Bryologist
33: 22-24
Redfearn, P.L. & B. Allen, 2005. A re-examination of
Orthothecium hyalopiliferum (Hypnales). The
Bryologist 108: 406-411.
Vitt, D.H. 1976. The genus Seligeria in North
America. Lindbergia 3: 241-275.
66
EVANSIA
Sarcopyrenia bacillosa (Nyl. ex Hasse) Nav.-Ros. & Hladun Rediscovered
in California
KERRY KNUDSEN
The Herbarium, Dept. of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92591-0124; email:
kk999@msn.com
JAMES C. LENDEMER
Botany Department, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pky., Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19103, USA; e-mail: lendemer@acnatsci.org
Abstract. A new collection of Sarcopyrenia bacillosa (Nyl. ex Hasse) Nav.-Ros. & Hladun in California
is reported. The host is discussed. The nomenclature of the authority is revised.
While staying with Richard and Janet Doell in
Richmond for a meeting of the California Lichen
Society, a beautiful community on the San Francisco
Bay in Contra Costa County, we went out one
afternoon before dinner and climbed a ridge in a local
park. On a volcanic outcrop sticking out of a grassy
hillside we found an unusual lichenicolous fungus.
The fungus was parasitic on the widespread and
prolific species Acarospora socialis H. Magn.,
turning the yellow thallus brown then black, before
its huge black ascomata erupted from the host. After
most of Acarospora thallus died, the ascomata
appeared to persist. An Aspicilia had grown through
the remains of the Acarospora in one area and
partially around the black hemispherical ascomata.
Microscopic examination revealed the ascomata
to be large subglobose perithecia and the ascospores
to be long, simple, and hyaline (30-40 x 1.5-2um).
We easily determined the lichenicolous fungus to be
Sarcopyrenia bacillosa which, according to Navarro-
Rosinés & Hladun (2004) is known only from the
type collection made by H.E. Hasse in the foothills of
the Santa Monica in southern California in 1897 and
has not been collected in over a hundred years.
Our material was compared to an isotype in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH
991398) confirming the determination. The
collections are identical except that the host of our
collection (A. socalis) differs from that of the type (a
purported cyanolichen in Navarro- Rosinés & Hladun
2004). The only other species of Sarcopyrenia, S.
cylindrospora, reported from North America (Harris
1995) grows on saxicolous crustose lichens with a
chlorococcoid photobiont and has septate, not simple,
ascospores. Because the perithecia of S. bacillosa
persist, we believe the Hasse specimens are not
parasites on a cyanolichen, but like the Aspicilia in
Richmond, the cyanolichens had grown around the
perithecia. An examination found some green algal
cells around the base of the isotype in PH. In our
specimens from Richmond, discolored pieces of the
host, the photobiont intact, remained around base of
some perithecia.
We also take this opportunity to discuss the
authority of S. bacillosa which was listed as Nylander
alone by Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun (2004). The
name was actually published by Hasse (1898) as
“Verrucaria bacillosa Nyl.” Hasse published several
papers in which he validated a number of names
provided by other lichenologists. It is not clear if the
lichenologists who provided the names Hasse
validated also provided the descriptions which Hasse
published. We assert that to avoid possible ambiguity
and place the names in their proper
bibliographic/historical context these authorities
should be cited with the qualification “ex Hasse” and
thus the authority of S. bacillosa should be “(Nyl. ex
Hasse) Nav.-Ros. & Hladun”.
Specimens: California: Contra Costa Co.:
Richmond, Overview Park, above Garrard Blvd, on
Acarospora socialis H. Magn. on exposed volcanic
rock outcrop, 37° 55’ 02” N. 122° 22’ 52” W. Elev.
46m. Disturbed vegetation and ruderal grass.
Knudsen # 5024.1 & 5024.2 (progression of
infection, UCR), 5024.3 (DUKE, hb. Etayo, UCR).
Lendemer 5831 (hb. Lendemer).
67 Volume 23 (3)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Nylander. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
25: 623-633.
Navarro-Rosinés, P., N.L. Hladun. 2004:
Sarcopyrenia. Jn: T.H. Nash I, B.D.Ryan, P.
LITERATURE CITED Diederich, C. Gries, F. Bungartz, F (eds.): Lichen
Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region,
Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona, pp. 690-691.
Special thanks to Cécile Gueidan and Shirley
Tucker for reviewing this manuscript.
Harris, RC 1995. New or rare lichens/lichenicolous
fungi for North America. Evansia 12: 4.
Hasse, H. E. 1898. New species of lichens from
southern California determined by Prof. W.
68
EVANSIA
Warnstorfia tundrae (Arnell) Loeske (Campyliaceae) new for Wyoming
MARTIN J. LENZ
Consulting Botanist, 400 Del Monte St., Montague, California 96064; email: mjlenz@inreach.com
Abstract. Warnstorfia tundrae is reported new for the state of Wyoming. This collection extends the
known range southward by approximately 750 miles and constitutes the southernmost occurrence yet
reported for North America.
In August of 2005, Warnstorfia tundrae was
encountered during the course of bryological field
work in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, and
was later verified by Lars Hedends of the Swedish
Museum of Natural History. This species has not
been previously reported from Wyoming (Eckel,
1996), nor from any of the conterminous 48 states,
with the exception of Maine (Hedends, 2000). The
nearest edge of the known range is in the Canadian
Rockies, approximately 750 miles (1200 kilometers)
to the northwest. Otherwise, its North American
distribution consists of an arctic/subarctic band
through Canada, Greenland and Alaska. This
constitutes the southernmost occurrence yet known in
North America (Hedends, 2000 & personal
communication). The species also occurs across
northern Eurasia (Hedends, 2003).
This collection was made from saturated soil in a
fen near the headwaters of the North Fork of the
Powder River at an elevation of 9272 feet (2827
meters). The site was located in a large open “park”
surrounded by forest of Pinus contorta and Picea
engelmannii. Associated bryophyte species included
Sphagnum warnstorfii Russ., Warnstorfia exannulata
(Schimp. in B.S.G.) Loeske, Calliergon richardsonii
(Mitt.) Kindb. in Warnst., Meesia triquetra (Richt.)
Angstr., Meesia uliginosa Hedw., Meesia longiseta
Hedw., Aypnum lindbergii Mitt, Fissidens
osmundioides Hedw., Campylium stellatum (Hedw.)
C. Jens., Tomentypnum nitens (Hedw.) Loeske, and
Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid.
Specimen Details: USA, Wyoming, Johnson
Co., Bighorn National Forest; headwaters of North
Fork Powder River, approx. 0.9 air mi. ESE of
Powder River Pass, off USFS Road 29, south of US
Highway 16; T48N R85W Section 10; UTM 13
335028E 4889876N; Elev. 9272 feet (2827 meters);
30 August 2005; Lenz 2410 (S) (RM)
This collection extends the known range of this
species considerably southward, and it therefore
seems likely that more occurrences could be found in
the upper elevations of the Rocky Mountains from
Colorado to southern Canada.
Thanks go to Lars Hedenas for his help in
confirming the determination and for providing
distributional information, and to Greg Karow of the
Bighorn National Forest for his help in obtaining the
necessary collecting permit. Thanks also to Dan
Norris for his review of this paper and his helpful
suggestions.
LITERATURE CITED
Eckel, P.M. 1996. Synopsis of the mosses of
Wyoming. Great Basin Naturalist 56(3):197-204
Hedends, Lars. 2000. Bryophyte Flora of North
America, Provisional Publication, Warnstorfia.
http:/Awww.mobot.org/plantscience/BFNA/v2/Ca
mp Warnstorfia.htm
Hedends, Lars. 2003. The European species of the
Calliergon-Scorpidium-Drepanocladus complex.
Meylania 28:1-114.
69
Volume 23 (3)
Lichens from Ellef Ringnes Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO AND NADEZHDA V. MATVEEVA
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 197376, St.-Petersburg, Professor Popov, 2;
email: zhurb@MZ3838.spb.edu
CORINNE VONLANTHEN, DONALD A. WALKER AND MARTHA K. RAYNOLDS
Alaska Geobotany Center, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
Abstract. 119 lichen species in 62 genera are reported from Ellef Ringnes Island within the polar desert
zone of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Stereocaulon depressum and Solorina bispora var. subspongiosa
are reported from North America for the first time. Cystocoleus ebeneus and Pertusaria atra are new to the
American Arctic. Anaptychia bryorum, Caloplaca phaeocarpella, Cladonia scabriuscula, Cladonia
squamosa, Cladonia stygia, Endocarpon pusillum, Lecanora leptacinella, Peltigera frippii, Rinodina
terrestris, Schadonia fecunda, Stereocaulon groenlandicum, Dermatocarpon miniatum var. miniatum are
new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Another 91 species are new to the island.
During 19-30 July 2005 N. V. Matveeva, D.
A. Walker, F.J.A. Daniéls, C. Vonlanthen and M.
K. Raynolds studied the vegetation in the vicinity
of Isachsen Bay, Ellef Ringnes Island, Canadian
Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut, 78°47’ N, 103°32’
W, alt. 30-100 (220) m (Fig. 1). Information
about the vascular plant flora, as well as climate,
soils, landscapes and geology of Ellef Ringnes
Island can be obtained from Savile (1961). The site
is located at the northern end of the North
American Arctic Transect in bioclimate subzone A
of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map
(CAVM Team, 2003).This site is a part of the
North American Arctic Transect (NAAT) that is
being used to study the biocomplexity of Arctic
patterned-ground ecosystems (Walker et al., 2004).
Most of the lichens present were collected at 30
relevés (using the Braun-Blanquet approach)
representing zonal, dry, and snowbed habitats.
Though occasional collections from stones in the
mountains are also included, most species are
terricolous lichens. It should be also noted that
some types of intrazonal habitat were not sampled.
All lichens were identified by M. P. Zhurbenko by
means of standard microscopic techniques.
Voucher specimens are preserved in herbaria of the
Komarov Botanical Institute in St.-Petersburg,
Russia (LE) and Institute of Arctic Biology of the
University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF).
Thomson (1990) summarized results of lichen
investigations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
in a list of 456 species, which still comprised less
than half of the species number (968) known from
the whole American Arctic by that time. Since then
further information about the lichen flora of the
archipelago was published by Brodo et al. (2001),
Hansen (2000), Thomson (1997), Thomson &
Scotter (1995), Thomson & Weber (1992),
Zhurbenko & Daniéls (2003). According to
Thomson (1990) the first lichens from Ellef
Ringnes were collected by Alan Innes-Taylor, a
member of a Canadian—United States weather
station group during 1947 and 1948. These
collections were identified by J. W. Thomson.
Later in the late 1950s D. B. O. Savile also
collected some lichens on the island. These
collections are preserved in the CANL herbarium.
By 1990 just 26 lichen species were known from
Ellef Ringnes Island. Here we add 107 species and
thus the known lichen flora of the island now
includes 133 species.
70
“Location within the
_ circumpolar region
Barrow
wR
EVANSIA
Ellef Ringnes
Island
Prince Patrick
island gee
sa fh
MG ae
sland
' of
\. -
rete Sachs aaa)
“
Inecene S
o eX
rae
Tukt tuk :
uKtoyaktu
rts
Kilometers
Figure |. Location of Ellef Ringnes Island within the North American Arctic.
nA
HABITAT TYPES
Bar — dry barrens with small nonsorted
polygons 15—20 cm in diameter, almost bare with
lichen crusts (Rinodina terrestris, Fuscopannaria
praetermissa, Lecidia wulfenii, | Megaspora
verrucosa) and sparse herbs (Poa abbreviata,
Puccinellia andersonii, Papaver radicatum) along
polygon cracks, on dry wind-exposed snowless
tops of shale outcrops and along a dry plain above
the Isachsen River.
Pol — mesic portions of non-sorted polygons
with net-like herb-moss (Luzula nivalis,
Alopecurus alpinus, Festuca brachyphylla, S.
caespitosa, S. nivalis, S. flagillaris, Saxifraga spp.,
Draba subcapitata, D. oblongata, Aulacomnium
turgidum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, R. panschii,
Sanionia uncinata, Timmia austriaca, Polytrichum
alpinum, Syntrichia ruralis, Ditrichum flexicaule,
Parmelia omphalodes) plant cover (30-40%) on
gentle (1-5°) shale slopes.
Hum — mesic to moist small turf hummocks
with herb-moss plant cover (Luzula nivalis,
Alopecurus alpinus, Festuca brachyphylla, S.
caespitosa, S. nivalis, S. flagillaris, Saxifraga spp.,
Draba subcapitata, D. oblongata, Aulacomnium
turgidum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, R. panschii,
Timmia austriaca, Polytrichum alpinum,
Syntrichia ruralis, Ditrichum flexicaule, Parmelia
omphalodes) on the lower part of shale slopes at
the coastal plain.
Wet — wet sites along water tracks and small
drainages with Luzula nivalis, Saxifraga tenuis, S.
nivalis, S. rivularis, Ranunuclus — sabinei,
Aulacomnium turgidum .
Mos — dense moss (Racomitrium
lanuginosum) mats with Stereocaulon alpinum on
volcanic diabase outcrops.
Mtn — barren stony slope of volcanic diabase
mountain 1.5 km of the coast, elevations 100-220
m.
Mir — bryophyte mire at base of large snowbed
at the mountain base.
Sno — snowbeds at the foot of volcanic diabase
mountain close to coast.
ANNOTATED LIST OF TAXA
Annotations for the list of taxa include
substrate, habitat types, occurrence within 30
sample plots (figure in parentheses), selected
Volume 23 (3)
voucher specimens, and accidental notes. Asterisks
mark species which have been previously known
from the Ellef Ringnes Island.
Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) M. Brand &
Diederich — on mosses with mineral soil; Wet (1);
24 VII 2005, D. Walker (UAF).
*Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. (including
glossy brown modification) — on/ among mosses;
Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (10); 23, 28 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (LE).
*4. ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal. — on/
among mosses; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (10).
Anaptychia bryorum Poelt — on/ among
mosses and vasculars; Pol, Mtn (3); 23 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF, LE). Within the American
Arctic the species has been reported only from
Barrow, Alaska (Fryday, 2004). New to the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
Arctocetraria nigricascens (Nyl.) Kamefelt &
A. Thell — on/ among mosses; Pol, Mos, Mtn, Mir
(4); 23 VII 2005, D. Walker (UAF).
Arctomia delicatula Th. Fr. — on mosses; Bar,
Pol, Hum, Mos (8); 20 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE).
Arthrorhaphis sp. — on mosses with mineral
soil; Mos, Mtn (2).
Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.)
Jatta — on mosses, sometimes with mineral soil;
Bar, Mos (2); 28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva; 2005.
Biatora subduplex (Ny1.) Printzen — on mosses
with mineral soil; Bar, Pol (3); 24 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF).
Bryocaulon divergens (Ach.) Kémefelt — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol,
Mos (10); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Bryodina rhypariza (Nyl.) Hafellner & Tiirk —
on mosses with mineral soil; Pol (1). The species
has been reported in the Arctic from few localites
from Greenland (Qaanaaqg, 77°29' N; Hansen,
1989), Siberia (Taimyr Peninsula, 74°30' N;
Zhurbenko, 1996), Beringian Chukotka (Andreev
et al., 1996), and Baffin Island (ca. 70°N, Canadian
Arctic Archipelago; Fryday, 2000).
Bryonora castanea (Hepp) Poelt — on mosses
and old thallus of Protopannaria pezizoides; Pol,
Hum, Wet, Sno (6); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE).
Bryoria nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & OD.
Hawksw. — on mosses; Mos, Sno (2); 20 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (LE).
72
Caloplaca ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier
— on mosses, sometimes with mineral soil, lichens
(Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Peltigera
leucophlebia, Rinodina terrestris), and vasculars;
Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos (18); 23 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (LE).
C. cerina (Hedw.) Th. Fr. — on mosses,
vasculars (Saxifraga caespitosa), and lichens
(Peltigera sp., Rinodina terrestris); Bar, Pol (16).
C. jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr. — on mosses;
Bar (1).
C. phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — on mosses
and vasculars (Saxifraga caespitosa); Bar (2). New
to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
C. tetraspora (Nyl.) H. Olivier — on mosses;
Bar, Pol (7); 26 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
C. tiroliensis Zahlbr. — on mosses, sometimes
with mineral soil, lichens (Sticta arctica, Rinodina
terrestris, Fuscopannaria praetermissa), and
vasculars; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos (20); 23 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (LE).
C. tornoénsis H. Magn. — on mosses growing
on stones; Mtn (2); 25 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF). This infrequently reported bipolar species
has been previously known in the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago only from the Baffin Land (Thomson,
1990)
Candelariella placodizans (Nyl.) Lynge — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Hum,
Mos, Sno (7); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
C. terrigena Rasénen — on mineral soil
(forming crusts), mosses, vasculars and lichens
(Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Megaspora
verrucosa, Rinodina terrestris); Bar, Pol (12).
Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Kérb. — on
mineral soil with mosses; Bar, Pol (3); 22, 24 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. — on/ among
mosses with mineral soil; Bar (3); 22 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF).
C. islandica (L.) Ach. — on/ among mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Wet,
Mos, Sno (18); 24 VII 2005, D. Walker (LE).
*Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Karnefelt & A.
Thell — on/ among mosses; Wet, Mtn, Mir, Sno (4).
*C. fastigiata (Nyl.) Karnefelt & A. Thell —
on/ among mosses; Hum, Mos, Mtn, Sno (6); 23
VII 2005, D. Walker; 2005 (LE).
Cladonia amaurocraea (Flérke) Schaer. — on/
among mosses; Mos, Mtn, Sno (4).
EVANSIA
C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. em. Ruoss ssp.
arbuscula — on/ among mosses; Mos (1); 25 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. em. Ruoss. ssp.
mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss — on/ among mosses; Mtn
(1).
Cladonia chlorophaea (Sommerf.) Spreng. —
on/ among mosses, sometimes with mineral soil;
Pol, Mos (4).
C. coccifera (L.) Willd. s. 1. — on mosses and
mineral soil; Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (11).
C. gracilis (L.) Willd. — on/ among mosses;
Pol, Mos, Sno (3).
C. macroceras (Delise) Hav. — on/ among
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Mos, Mtn
(2).
C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot — on mosses and
mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Wet, Mos (22).
C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. — on/ among mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Wet, Mos, Mtn,
Sno (8).
C. scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. — on/ among
mosses with mineral soil; Pol (1). New to
Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
C. squamosa Hoffm. — on/ among mosses;
Mos, Mtn (2). New to Canadian Arctic
Archipelago.
C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss — on/ among mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Mos (1).
This widespread arctic species seems not to
have been reported from the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago (Ahti & Hyvénen, 1985; Thomson,
1990).
C. trassii Ahti — on/ among mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mtn,
Mir, Sno (10); 25 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Collema ceraniscum Nyl. — on/ among mosses
with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Wet, Mos (13); 22, 24
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
C. tenax (Sw.) Ach. emend. Degel. — on/
among mosses with mineral soil; Bar (1).
C. undulatum Flot. var. granulosum Degel. —
on/ among mosses with mineral soil; Bar (1); 28
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites — on/
among mosses; Mos (2); 20 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (LE). This cosmopolitan species (Purvis
et al., 1992) is known from the Arctic from a few
localities, including Greenland (Hansen, 2002),
Svalbard (Elvebakk & Hertel, 1997), Severnaya
73
Zemlya (Zhurbenko & Matveeva, in press) and
seems to be new to the American Arctic.
Dactylina arctica (Richardson) Nyl. ssp.
arctica — on/ among mosses; Mtn (3).
D. ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck. [P+ and P-
chemotypes] — on/ among mosses; Mos (3); 26, 27
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann var.
miniatum (Syn. Dermatocarpon arnoldianum
Degel.) — on stone above soil; Bar (1); 28 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (LE). According to Thomson
(1984) this variety was known in the American
Arctic from a single collection along the northwest
coast of Alaska. However, Dermatocarpon
miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Th. Fr. has
been reported from the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago from Devon Is. (as Dermatocarpon
intestiniforme (Korb.) Hasse; Thomson, 1990)
Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. — on mosses with
mineral soil; Bar (1); 22 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF). Thomson (1984) provided no records of
the species in his catalogue of the American Arctic
lichens. New at least to the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago.
Euopsis sp.— on mineral soil; Bar (1).
Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Karnefelt et
A. Thell — on mosses; Pol, Mos (3).
F. nivalis (L.) Karnefelt et A. Thell — on
mosses; Mos (1).
Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) P.M. Jorg.
— on mosses and mineral soil, one of the dominant
lichen crust species; Bar, Pol (17).
Hypogymnia subobscura (Vain.) Poelt — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol,
Mos (6); 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
Japewia tornoénsis (Nyl.) Tonsberg — on
lichens (Cladonia macroceras, C. pocillum,
Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Parmelia
omphalodes ssp. glacialis), mosses (Racomitrium
lanuginosum), and sometimes on mineral soil; Bar,
Pol, Mos, Sno (9); 20, 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE); 23, 26, 28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Lecanora epibryon (Ach.) Ach. — on mosses
with mineral soil; Bar, Pol (3); 24 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF).
L. geophila (Th. Fr.) Poelt — on mineral soil,
sometimes with mosses; Bar, Pol (3); 22 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (LE).
Volume 23 (3)
L. hagenii (Ach.) Ach. var. fallax Hepp — on
vasculars, lichens, mosses, and mineral soil; Bar,
Pol (9); 23, 29 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
L. leptacinella Nyl. — on old shoots of
Racomitrium lanuginosum; Mos, Mtn (2); 20 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (LE). The species has been
previously known in the American Arctic only
from Barrow, Alaska (Zhurbenko et al., 1995).
New to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
Lecidea ramulosa Th. Fr. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Wet, Mir, Sno (5); 25
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Lecidella wulfenii (Hepp) Kérb. — on mosses,
mineral soil (forming crusts), and vasculars; Bar,
Pol (18); 22, 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau — on mosses
above stones; Mtn (1); 25 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE).
L. cf. vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris — on mosses
and mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum (10); 22, 23, 28
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE). The species has been
recently reported from the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago from Ellesmere Is. (Hansen, 2000).
Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J.R. Laundon
— on mosses with mineral soil; Bar, Pol (9); 22 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
L. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. — on mosses and
mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Sno (9); 24 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF).
Lopadium coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Mos, Mtn
(3); 20 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
L. pezizoideum -(Ach.) Kérb. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Mos (3); 25, 27
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Megalaria jemtlandica (Th. Fr. & Almq.)
Fryday (Syn. Catillaria jemtlandica Th. Fr. &
Almq., Lecidea sublimosa Nyl.) — on mosses and
mineral soil, often forming crusts; Bar, Pol, Hum
(16); 23, 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
The species has been reported for the American
Arctic from a few localities, including Ellesmere
Island within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
(Thomson 1990, 1997; Fryday, 2004):
Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V.
Wirth — on mosses and mineral soil; Bar, Pol (15);
28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE); 30 VII 2005, D.
Walker (UAF).
74
Micarea_ incrassata Hedl. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno
(6); 23, 28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman — on
mosses; Pol, Mos, Sno (4); 23 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (LE).
Myxobilimbia lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner —
on mineral soil with mosses; Pol (1); 24 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF).
Nephroma_ expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl. — on
mosses; Mtn (1); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF).
Neuropogon sphacelatus (R. Br.) Alstrup & E.
S. Hansen — on rock; Mtn, Sno (3); 23 VII 2005,
D. Walker (UAF, LE); 25 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE).
Ochrolechia grimmiae Lynge — on mosses;
Mos, Mtn (3); 25 VH 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
O. gyalectina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — on mosses; Mtn
(1); 25 VU 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
O. inaequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — on mineral
soil (forming crusts), mosses and occasionally
vasculars; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (22); 20, 22,
23, 28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. ssp. glacialis
Skult - on mosses, sometimes with mineral soil;
Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (16); 24, 28 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Wet
(12); 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
P. didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol,
Hum, Mos (12); 20, 22 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF, LE). In some specimens soredia turn to
isidia.
P. frippii Holt.-Hartw. — on mosses; Pol, Hum,
Mos (3); 20 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE). The
species is known in the Arctic from scattered finds:
Greenland, Svalbard, Siberia (Gydan Peninsula,
Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Taimyr Peninsula,
New Siberian Islands) (Vitikainen, 1994;
unpublished data of M. Zhurbenko and O.
Vitikainen). Though Peltigera frippi is not yet
included in the North American lichen checklist
(Esslinger, 1997) it has been reported from North
America in Vitikainen (1994) without indication of
the locality which was: Canada, Northwest
Territories, Reindeer Station, 68° 39'N 134° 05'W,
1965 leg. Scotter 6032 (preserved in H) (O.
EVANSIA
Vitikainen, pers. comm.). New to the Canadian
Arctic Archipelago.
P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Wet,
Mos, Sno (13); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Wet, Sno
(10); 26 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
P. scabrosa Th. Fr. — on mosses; Pol, Hum,
Sno (3); 28 VI 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
P. venosa (L.) Hoffm. — on mineral soil,
sometimes with mosses; Bar, Pol (6); 24 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF).
Pertusaria atra Lynge — on mosses with
mineral soil; Pol (1); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE). This rare species morphologically resembles
Pertusaria saximontana Wetmore (Zhurbenko &
Lumbsch, in press). It was described from
Churchill at the coast of Hudson Bay (58°40’ N),
Manitoba, Canada (Lynge, 1939) and was further
collected at Labrador coast (ca. 51°30’ N) (Dibben,
1980) and western Greenland (Hansen & Poelt,
1987). New to the American Arctic.
*P. dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. — on mosses; Mtn
(2).
P. geminipara (Th. Fr.) Brodo — on mosses;
Mos, Mtn, Sno (3).
P. glomerata (Ach.) Schaer. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Pol (2).
P. octomela (Norman) Erichsen — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol (11); 23, 26
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
P. oculata (Dicks.) Th. Fr. — on mosses with
mineral soil; Bar (1); 28 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF).
P. panyrga (Ach.) A. Massal. — on mosses;
Mos (1).
Phaeorrhiza nimbosa (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer &
Poelt — on mosses with mineral soil; Bar (1); 28
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau -— on
herbaceous sheet among mosses; Mos (1).
Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt — on
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol (6);
26 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
Placopsis gelida (L.) Linds. — on loamy soil;
Bar, Pol (3); 22 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE). The
species usually grows on stones in wet situations.
75
Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray — on/
among mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Pol,
Mos, Sno (4); 20 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P.M. Jorg.
& S. Ekman — on mosses and mineral soil; Bar,
Pol, Hum, Wet, Mos, Sno (21); 25, 27 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
*Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy — on
scree, partly among mosses; Mos (2); 20 VII 2005,
N. Matveeva (UAF).
Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray — on mosses
and mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos, Sno (21); 23
VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Rinodina mniaraea (Ach.) KG6rb. — var.
mniaraea and var. mniaraeiza (Nyl.) H. Magn. —
on mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol,
Mos (6); 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
R. olivaceobrunnea C. W. Dodge & G. E.
Baker — on mosses, lichens (Peltigera didactyla, P.
frippii, crusts), and vasculars; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos,
Sno (16); 20 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (LE).
R. roscida (Sommerf.) Arnold — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar (3).
R. terrestris Tomin (Syn. Rinodina
mucronatula H. Magn.) — on mineral and scree soil
(one of the main crust-formers) and mosses; Bar,
Pol (13); 22, 24, 26, 29 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF, LE). Rinodina terrestris was described from
semidesert growing on salt soil at Baskunchak
Lake, Russia, south east Europe (Tomin, 1929),
and is further known from scattered finds in central
and northern Europe, central and northern Asia,
North America and western Greenland, being
characteristic of dry steppe- or desert-like sites
(Mayrhofer & Moberg, 2002). The species has
been previously reported from Greenland and the
American Arctic not from soil, but from Salix
twigs and decaying wood (?!) (as Rinodina
mucronatula,; Hansen, 1986; Thomson 1997). New
to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
R. turfacea (Wahlenb.) Kérb. — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil, lichens
(Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Parmelia
omphalodes ssp. glacialis, Peltigera sp., Solorina
crocea, Sticta arctica), and vasculars; Bar, Pol,
Hum, Wet, Sno (19); 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF).
Schadonia fecunda (Th. Fr.) Vézda & Poelt —
on mosses with mineral soil; Pol, Sno (2); 24 VII
Volume 23 (3)
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF). New to the Canadian
Arctic Archipelago.
Solorina bispora Nyl. var. subspongiosa
(Zschacke) Frey — on mosses and mineral soil; Bar,
Pol, Wet, Mos, Sno (9); 23, 25, 27 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF, LE). The variety is often
morphologically very similar to Solorina
spongiosa (Ach. ) Anzi, with well-developed
external cephalodia. Due to our observations in the
Siberian Arctic (Zhurbenko & Matveeva, in press)
this is a dominant, though often overlooked,
variety of Solorina bispora in the high Arctic. The
variety is known from Europe (see e. g.: Hafellner
& Tiirk, 2001; Purvis et al., 1992; Frey, 1952), but
has not been reported from Greenland and North
America.
*S. crocea (L.) Ach. — on mineral soil and
mosses; Pol, Mos (2); 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF).
Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. — on scree
soil; Pol (2); 24 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF).
*S. globosus (Huds.) Vain. — on/ among
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Mos (7).
*Stereocaulon alpinum Funck — on/ among
mosses, sometimes with mineral soil; Pol, Mos,
Sno (6); 20, 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
*S. botryosum Ach. — on scree, occasionally
among mosses; Mos (2); 20 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF); 23 VI 2005, D. Walker (LE).
S. depressum (Frey) I. M. Lamb — on scree
soil; Bar (1). The species is rather common in the
Arctic, being known for instance from Greenland,
Franz Josef Land, Taimyr Peninsula, Severnaya
Zemlya Archipelago, Wrangel Island
(Dombrovskaya, 1996), but according to Esslinger
(1997) is new to North America.
S. glareosum (Savicz) H. Magn. — on mosses
and mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Mos (8); 22, 24 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
S. groenlandicum (E. Dahl) I. M. Lamb — on
stones and scree soil with moss remnants; Pol,
Mos, Mir, Sno (5); 25, 26 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(UAF, LE). New to Canadian Arctic Archipelago
S. rivulorum H. Magn. — on moss and scree
soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Wet, Mir, Sno (20); 22, 26 VII
2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Sticta arctica Degel. — on mosses and mineral
soil; Bar, Pol (8); 23, 26 VII 2005, N. Matveeva
(LE); 30 VU 2005, D. Walker (UAF).
76
Tetramelas insignis (Hepp) Kalb — on mosses,
sometimes with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum (14);
22, 23 VII 2005, N. Matveeva (UAF, LE).
T. papillatus (Sommerf.) Kalb — on mosses,
mineral soil, and lichens (Fuscopannaria
praetermissa); Bar, Pol (5); 24, 28 VII 2005, N.
Matveeva (UAF, LE).
Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. var.
subuliformis (Ehrh.) Schaer. — on/ among mosses
with mineral soil; Bar, Pol, Hum, Mos (14).
T. vermicularis (Sw.) ~~ Schaer. __ var.
vermicularis — on/ among mosses; Pol, Mos (3).
Umbilicaria lyngei Schol. — on stone; Mos (1).
*U. proboscidea (L.) Schrad. — on stone; Mos
(1).
Xanthoria sp. — on herbaceous sheet among
mosses; Mos (1).
DISCUSSION
Seven species are associated with stone
substrates, the other 112 are terricolous lichens.
The terricolous lichen flora of the Isachsen Bay is
one of the richest among the known floras of the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Thomson, 1990).
However, taking into consideration that such floras
within the polar desert zone can comprise 160-180
species (Zhurbenko, Matveeva, in press), we can
estimate that the list is still only 70% complete.
The lichen genera with the most species are
typical for the polar desert terricolous lichen floras:
Cladonia (12 species), Caloplaca (7), Peltigera
(7), Pertusaria (7), Stereocaulon (6), Rinodina (5),
Lecanora (4), Collema (3), Ochrolechia (3).
Thirteen genera contain 2 species, and 39 contain |
species (61 genera total).
The most frequent species within 30 relevés
are as follows: occurring at more than 20 relevés —
Cladonia pocillum, Ochrolechia inaequatula,
Protopannaria pezizoides, Psoroma hypnorum; at
16-20 relevés — Caloplaca ammiospila, C. cerina,
C. tiroliensis, Cetraria islandica, Fuscopannaria
praetermissa, Lecidella _wulfenii, | Parmelia
omphalodes, Rinodina olivaceobrunnea, — R.
turfacea, Stereocaulon rivulorum; at 10-15 relevés
~ Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Bryocaulon
divergens, Candelariella terrigena, Cladonia
trassii, Collema ceraniscum, Lepraria cf. vouauxii,
Megaspora_ verrucosa, Peltigera canina, P.
didactyla, P. leucophlebia, P. — rufescens,
EVANSIA
Pertusaria — octomela, — Rinodina terrestris,
Tetramelas insignis, Thamnolia vermicularis.
The main lichens forming crusts over bare
frost patterned ground are Candelariella terrigena,
Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Lecidella wulfenii,
Ochrolechia inaequatula, and Rinodina terrestris.
Sometimes they exhibit tiny knobs, evidently due
to erosion of neighbouring silty soils that are easily
eroded by wind and running water. It is noteworthy
that according to Hansen (2001) none of these
species are dominant in the lichen-rich soil crusts
of Arctic Greenland.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The field work was done as part of the
Biocomplexity of Patterned Ground project funded
by the US National Science Foundation grant no.
OPP-0120736. Dr. Alan Fryday, Dr. Orvo
Vitikainen, and Dr. Teuvo Ahti are thanked for
help in obtaining rare literature and valuable
comments.
LITERATURE CITED
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Fryday AM. 2004. A new species of
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EVANSIA
Zhurbenko MP, Lumbsch HT. Pertusaria christae
is asynonym of P. saximontana. The
Lichenologist (in press).
Zhurbenko MP, Matveeva NV. Terricolous lichens
of the Bol’shevik Island (Severnaya Zemlya
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Evansia 12(3): 92-97.
Volume 23 (3)
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EDITOR: LARRY L. ST. CLAIR
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ISSN: 0747-9859
Evansia volume 23, number 2 was distributed on 30 June 2006
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EVANSIA
VOLUME 23 NUMBER 4
© December 2006 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Arthothelium norvegicum in North America
TOR T@NSBERG AND CAMERON WILLIAMS 80
Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid. (Musci: Orthotrichaceae) re-established in the
Niagara River Gorge, Ontario \.
JOHN ATWOOD 82 ~ /
Hygrohypnum subeugyrium, new to the Interior Highlands of North America \\.
BRUCE ALLEN AND PAUL L. REDFEARN, JR. 84“ f
Moss from Space L
NORM TRIGOBOFF Dea el
Mosses and Liverworts Growing on the Mossy Cap Polypore (Oxyporus \
populinus) \
DONALD D. DAVIS AND RONALD A. PURSELL 87 4 J
New Records of Leptogium rivale and Peltigera hydrothyria in the Pacific r
Northwest, USA \
DoucG A. GLAVICH AND LINDA H. GEISER ate
if
Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sergio & Sim-Sim (Oxymitraceae) New to Missouri
TIM E. SMITH AND STEPHEN L.TIMME OF
Ptychomitrium serratum (Musci: Ptychomitriaceae) New to Missouri and the rn
Interior Highlands of North America \s
CARL E. DARIGO AND NELS HOLMBERG G8 te
Announcement Board
ATTENTION: ADDITIONAL CHANGES TO EVANSIA APPROVED 100
Asti bank asagth se svsaskv a £5
LIBRARY
HA®w’ 24 P07
NEW YORK
CARI
BOTASEC TT RDIEN
TOR TONSBERG
elium norvegicum in North America
Museum of Botany, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, NORWAY; email:
tor.tonsberg@bot.uib.no
CAMERON WILLIAMS
Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521, U.S.A.
Abstract. We report on the known occurrences of the lichen Arthothelium norvegicum in North
America. This species is known only along the Pacific coast from southwestern British Columbia to
northwestern California. The species is new to Canada.
Arthothelium norvegicum was initially detected
in North America by the first author who collected it
in British Columbia in 1989 and later in Washington.
The species was collected in California by the second
author in 2002. These collections prompted a joint
effort to report on its North American occurrences.
Recently, this species was reported for the first time
from North America (Hutten et al. 2006) based on
specimens collected by the first author from the
Olympic Peninsula in Washington. To our
knowledge, this is the only record of 4. norvegicum
from North America.
Arthothelium norvegicum Coppins & Tonsberg
Nord. J. Bot. 4: 75 (1984).
Arthothelium norvegicum and A. spectabile are
similar, but they can be distinguished by several
morphological and anatomical characters. A.
norvegicum produces apothecia smaller in size [to
0.6(-0.8) mm when round, to 1.2 mm when
elongate], ascospores to 42(-49) um long with (5—)7—
9-10) transverse septa, epithecia reacting K+
greenish, and paraphyses often with a dark brown
pigmented cap (Coppins & Tonsberg 1984, Coppins
1992, and Tensberg unpublished data from specimens
in herbarium BG). Contrastingly, A. spectabile
produces larger apothecia [to 1.2 mm when round, to
2.0 mm long when elongate], ascospores to 36 um
long with 5—8 transverse septa, epithecia reacting K+
red, and paraphysoid caps usually lacking pigments
(Coppins & Tonsberg 1984, Coppins 1992).
In British Columbia and Washington, A.
norvegicum was collected from the bark of Alnus
rubra (most specimens) as well as Malus diversifolia
and Rhamnus purshiana (one specimen each) trunks
growing along river banks and lake shores. In
California, specimens were collected from the bark of
Vaccinium ovatum that itself occurred as an epiphyte
at 91.5 m above the ground on a redwood (Sequoia
sempervirens) in an old-growth redwood forest on the
floodplain of a major river.
In North America 4. norvegicum has been found
in the coastal lowlands from southwestern British
Columbia to northwestern California at elevations
between 10 and 190 m. These occurrences suggest an
affinity for the slightly shaded to well-lit smooth bark
of some angiosperm shrubs and trees growing along
riparian corridors in wet, low-elevation, coastal
habitats. In Europe A. norvegicum’s hub of
distribution is in central Norway where it occurs
mainly as an epiphyte on Sorbus aucuparia bark in
boreal rain forests (Holien & Tgnsberg 1996).
This is the first report of A. norvegicum from
both Canada and California. The species apparently
belongs to a large group of lichens with a northwest
North America to northwest Europe disjunct
distribution. Examples of other lichens exhibiting this
distribution pattern are Micarea xanthonica,
Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina, Rinodina disjuncta, and
R. stictica (Tensberg 1992, Holien & Tonsberg 1996,
Tonsberg 1998, Coppins & Tgnsberg 2001).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Canada. British Columbia, Vancouver Island,
between Qualcam Beach and Port Alberni, S of
Cameron Lake, 1989, Tonsberg 12178 (BG);
81
Vancouver Island, S of Port Alberni, W of the road at
China Creek bridge, 1989, Tonsberg 12206 (BG);
Vancouver Island, E of China Creek, 0.7 km along
the road N of China Creek Park junction, along
tributary creek, 1989, Tonsberg 12221 (BG). U.S.A.
California, Humboldt Co., Humboldt Redwoods State
Park, California Federation of Women’s Club Grove,
2002, Williams 313 (HSC). Washington, Clallam
Co., Olympic National Park, Ozette Lake, 1997,
Tonsberg 24867 (BG), 1999, Tensberg 27130 (BG);
Jeffersen Co., Olympic National Park, Hoh River
Valley, along Hoh River Trail, 1999, Tonsberg
27997a (BG); Pacific Co., W bank of Ellsworth
Creek, 2003, Tonsberg 33299a (BG); San Juan Co.,
Lopez Island, between McArdle Bay and Watmough
Bay, 1998, Tonsberg 26906a (BG).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank Laurens Sparrius, Gouda, The
Netherlands, for help with identification of the
Californian specimen, Steve Sillett at Humboldt State
University who rigged the redwood for rope access,
and Trevor Goward, Clearwater, for comments on the
manuscript.
Volume 23 (4)
LITERATURE CITED
Coppins, B. 1992. Arthothelium Massal. (1852). In:
The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland (O.
W. Purvis, B. J. Coppins, D. L. Hawksworth, P.
W. James & D. M. Moore, eds): pp 92-95.
Natural History Museum Publications/The
British Lichen Society. London.
Coppins, B. and Tensberg, T. 1984. A new species of
Arthothelium from Norway. Nord. J. Bot. 4: 75-
we
Coppins, B.J. & Tonsberg, T. 2001. A new xanthone-
containing Micarea from Northwest Europe and
the Pacific Northwest of North America.
Lichenologist 33(2): 93-96.
Holien, H. and Tonsberg, T. 1996. Boreal regnskog i
Norge - habitatet for trandelagselementets
lavarter. Blyttia 54: 157-177.
Hutten, M., Woodward, A. and Hutten, K. 2006
[2005]. Inventory of the mosses, liverworts,
hornworts, and lichens of Olympic National
Park, Washington: Species List. U.S. Geological
Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2005-
5240: 1-78.
Tonsberg, T. 1992. The sorediate and isidiate,
corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway.
Sommerfeltia 14: 1-331.
--- 1998. Additions to the lichen flora of Norway and
Sweden. Graphis Scripta 9: 27-31.
82
EVANSIA
Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid. (Musci: Orthotrichaceae) re-established in
the Niagara River Gorge, Ontario
JOHN ATWOOD
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis MO 63166 USA; email: john.atwood@mobot.org
Abstract. A second collection of Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid. from the Niagara River Gorge, Ontario
confirms the presence of this species in eastern North America.
Orthotrichum cupulatum was first
collected along the Niagara River by Thomas Drummond and issued in his Musci Americani exsiccatae.
Thomas Drummond (1828) issued a specimen
(No. 152, Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid.) in his
Musci Americani (British North America) exsiccatae
that had been collected on “rocks near the whirlpool,
below the Falls of Niagara.” An examination of one
of these specimens in NY revealed the collection to
be a mixture of mostly O. strangulatum P. Beauv
with a few intermixed plants of O. cupulatum. In
North America O. cupulatum is typically found from
Vancouver Island, south throughout the Rocky
Mountains, and in Mexico. Eastern North American
stations of O. cupulatum have often been met with
suspicion. Macoun and Kindberg (1892) determined
Drummond’s specimen No. 152 to be the European
taxon O. nudum var. rudolphianum Schimp.
Commenting on the uncertainty of O. cupulatum in
eastern North America, Britton (1894) concluded that
additional collections were needed to determine the
distribution of this species. Grout (1935) considered
O. nudum a variety of O. cupulatum and referred
Drummond’s specimen No. 152 to this variety,
noting that it was “far out of its usual range.” Vitt
(1973) rejected the names O. nudum and O. nudum
var. rudolphianum from North America and along
with Crum and Anderson (1981), considered
Drummond’s collection of O. cupulatum from
Niagara Falls dubious until the species could be re-
collected there.
Recently, another specimen of O. cupulatum
from Niagara Falls, Ontario was discovered in the
MO herbarium. This specimen (Eckel & Zander
321185), was collected just below the dolomite
caprock of the gorge along Foster’s Flats, Niagara
Glen on the Niagara River, and was originally
identified as O. strangulatum. Eckel (2004)
tentatively determined this specimen as O. cupulatum
in a “Preliminary Cryptogamic Flora of the Canadian
and American Gorge at Niagara Falls.” The dark-
green plants are tufted, approximately 1 cm high with
leaves loosely arranged. They differ from O.
strangulatum by having somewhat broader leaves.
The leaf margins of O. cupulatum are recurved from
the base nearly to the apex, which can be either acute
or obtuse. Unlike O. strangulatum, the leaf margins
of O. cupulatum are unistratose, although the lamina
occasionally has bistratose thickenings.
Orthotrichum lescurii Austin also has unistratose
leaves; however this species differs from O.
cupulatum in having narrowly lanceolate leaves and
tightly revolute leaf margins. The upper leaf cells of
O. cupulatum are irregularly elliptical (8.0-12.5 pm)
and in the MO specimen, have 1-3 papillae per cell.
The papillae are conical unlike the large, branched
papillae observed in many specimens of O.
cupulatum from western North America. The basal
cells are smooth and thick-walled, rectangular at the
costae and quadrate near the margins. The capsules
of O. cupulatum have immersed stomata, are
emergent, ovoid, slightly contracted beneath the
mouth when dry, and distinctly 16-ribbed with
equilength reddish orange furrows. Vitt (1973)
considered the 16-ribbed capsules of O. cupulatum a
diagnostic feature of the species. This character
distinguishes O. cupulatum from O. strangulatum and
O. lescurii in eastern North America which both have
8-ribbed capsules. The capsules of the O. cupulatum
specimen in MO have a single peristome. The
exostome teeth are vertically striate on the outer
surface, yellow, and erect or slightly spreading when
dry. In addition, preperistomal fragments are present
and can be up to 1/3 the length of the teeth. The large
mitrate calyptrae are smooth and have sparse,
83
papillose hairs. The spores are 17-20 um, rounded,
and papillose.
Other bryophyte novelties, disjuct from
southwestern North America have been reported from
the Niagara River Gorge. Eckel (1986) reported
Didymodon australasiae var. umbrosus (Mill. Hal)
R. H. Zander and also (1990) Eucladium
verticillatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. from
the Gorge. The specimen of O. cupulatum in MO is
the second known collection from the Niagara River
Gorge, Ontario. Orthotrichum cupulatum is widely
distributed in west and southwestern North America,
northern and southern South America, throughout
Europe, northern Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and
southeastern and central Asia (Lewinsky 1993)
making its occurence in eastern North America not
unexpected. Although O. cupulatum consistently has
16-ribbed, ovoid capsules, the species is otherwise
morphologically variable. Orthotrichum cupulatum
var. austro-americanum Lewinsky, O. cupulatum var.
austro-cupulatum (Dixon & Sainsbury) Lewinsky, O.
cupulatum var. riparium Hibener, O. urnigerum
Myrin, and O. urnaceum Mill. Hal. in Kuntze are
names currently associated with this variation
(Lewinsky 1984a, 1984b; Crosby et al. 2000). Future
taxonomic work on these taxa in relation to their
geographical ranges is needed to clarify the
distribution of O. cupulatum sensu lato.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank NY for the use of collections and Bruce
Allen for confirming the determination of O.
cupulatum and offering comments about the
manuscript. In addition, I thank Patricia Eckel for
bringing to my attention other reports on disjunct
bryophytes from the Niagara River Gorge.
LITERATURE CITED
Britton, E. G. 1894. Contributions to American
Bryology, VI. Western species of Orthotrichum.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 21: 137-159.
Crosby, M. R., R. E. Magill, B. Allen & S. He. 2000.
A checklist of the mosses. 320 pp. Missouri
Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Volume 23 (4)
Crum, H. A., & L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. [viii] + 1328 pp.
Columbia University Press, New York.
Drummond, T. 1828. Musci Americani; or,
Specimens of the mosses collected in British
North America, and chiefly among the Rocky
Mountains, during the second land Arctic
expedition under the command of Captain
Franklin R.N. by Thomas Drummond, assistant
naturalist to the expeditions. 1: (Nos.1—158).
Glasgow.
Eckel, P. M. 1986. Didymodon australasiae var.
umbrosus new to eastern North America.
Bryologist 89: 70-72.
. 1990. Eucladium verticillatum (Musci)
second Ontario station. Evansia 7: 15.
. 2004. Preliminary Cryptogamic (Moss,
Lichen and Liverwort) Flora of the Canadian and
American Gorge at Niagara Falls. Accessed
April 19, 2006 from
[www.mobot.org/plantscience/ResBot/Flor/Cryp
togNiagara.htm].
Grout, A. J. 1935. Bryales. Orthotrichum. Moss flora
of North America, North of Mexico. 2(2): 106—
131. Published by the author, Newfane,
Vermont.
Lewinsky, J. 1984a. Orthotrichum Hedw. in South
America 1. Introduction and taxonomic revision
of taxa with immersed stomata. Lindbergia 10:
65-94.
. 1984b. The genus Orthotrichum Hedw.
(Musci) in Australasia a taxonomic revision. J.
Hattori Bot. Lab. 56: 360-460.
. 1993. A synopsis of the genus
Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci, Orthotrichaceae).
Bryobrothera 2: 1-59.
Macoun, J., & N. C. Kindberg. 1892. Catalogue of
Canadian Plants. Part VI—Musci. Geological and
Natural History Survey of Canada. [v] + 295 pp.
Canadian Government Publication. William
Foster Brown & Co., Montreal.
Vitt, D. H. 1973. A revision of the genus
Orthotrichum in North America, North of
Mexico. Bryophyt. Biblioth. 1: 1-208 + 60 pls.
84
EVANSIA
Hygrohypnum subeugyrium, new to the Interior Highlands of North
America
BRUCE ALLEN
Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63132-0299; email: Bruce.Allen@mobot.org
PAUL L. REDFEARN, JR.
Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897
Abstract. Hygrohypnum subeugyrium is reported new for Arkansas.
Hygrohypnum is a rare moss in the Interior
Highlands of North America. The genus is presently
known in the area from a single collection (Redfearn
33533 DUKE, MICH, MO, SMS, US) made on
shaded, vertical sandstone at Terrapin Bluff, Newton
County, Arkansas. This collection was originally
identified (He et al., 1986) as H. eugyrium (Ren. &
Card.) Broth., but the specimen actually represents H.
subeugyrium (Schimp. ex B.S.G.) Broth. The two
species have a similar field aspect and are sometimes
confused. In fact, Tuomikoski et al. (1973)
considered them provisionally synonymous. Jamieson
(1976) on the other hand thought the two species
were only remotely related, and Crum & Anderson
(1981) regarded them as distinct species.
Jamieson (1976) reported AHygrohypnum
subeugyrium in North America from Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia, St. Pierre Miquelon, Quebec, Ontario,
New Hampshire, New York, and Tennessee. Allen
(1996) reported the species from Maine, where it is
fairly common, and Pennsylvania. Hygrohypnum
subeugyrium is often a somewhat smaller plant with
more strongly falcate leaves than H. eugyrium. But
these distinctions are difficult to apply in the absence
of comparative material. The two species, however,
have very different alar cells. In H. subeugyrium the
alar cells are quadrate to short-rectangular and
incrassate. Although the leaves often have a single
row of enlarged cells across the leaf base these cells
appear to be associated with the leaf insertions rather
than the alar region. In contrast the alar region in H.
eugyrium is composed of 6-12 enlarged, inflated,
thin-walled and bulging cells. In both H. subeugyrium
and H. eugyrium the outer alar cells are hyaline, but
in the former species the inner cells are yellowish
while in the latter species they are dark-orange to red-
brown. Allen (1996) illustrated the differences
between A. subeugyrium and H. eugyrium.
The alar cells in Hygrohypnum eugyrium are
very similar to those of Sematophyllum
marylandicum (C. Mill.) Britt., and the two species
are also alike in size as well as aspect. When
sporophytes are present S. marylandicum is
distinguished from H. eugyrium by its rostrate
opercula and collenchymatous exothecial cells. The
gametophytes of S. marylandicum differ from those
of H. eugyrium in having leaves with very weak
costae, apices that are plain to slightly recurved rather
than incurved, margins that are entire rather than
weakly serrulate, and more bubble-like rather than
loosely inflated alar cells. The two species are
otherwise gametophytically very similar.
LITERATURE CITED.
Allen, B. 1996. Hygrohypnum subeugyrium and
Clasmatodon parvulus in Pennsylvania. Evansia
13: 28-32.
Crum, H. A. & L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. Vol. 2. Columbia
University Press, New York.
He, S., B. Allen & P. L. Redfearn, Jr. 1986. New
records for bryophytes of the Interior Highlands
of North America. Evansia 3: 31-32.
Jamieson, D. J. 1976. Monograph of the genus
Hygrohypnum Lindb., (Musci). Ph.D. Thesis,
University of British Columbia. 425 pp.
Tuomikoski, R., T. Koponen & T. Ahti. 1973. The
mosses of the island of Newfoundland. Annales
Botanici Fennici 10: 217-264.
85
Volume 23 (4)
Moss from Space
NORM TRIGOBOFF
Cortland Interfaith Center, 7 Calvert St., Cortland, NY 13045; email: tt5544@yahoo.com
Abstract. Ptychomitrium drummondii, P. serratum and Trematodon longicollis are newly reported from
New York State. An easy way to find the latitude and longitude of sites and view habitats from satellite
photos is with the program GoogleEarth, which is
In the winter of 2004 — 2005, I found
Ptychomitrium drummondii (Wils.) Sull.
(Ptychomitriaceae) at two urbanized sites in New
York State. Small, dense tufts grew at the base of a
roadside Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), with
Platygyrium repens (Brid.) BSG, Ceratodon
purpureus Hedw. (Brid.), Leskea polycarpa (Hedw.),
Entodon sp. and Orthotrichum spp., in North
Merrick, Nassau County (Trigoboff c04184, BH &
NYS). Large pure expanses, small tufts and scattered
plants mixed with C. purpureus grew on a roadside
American elm (Ulmus americana L.), 2-4 m high on
the trunk and on a large horizontal branch, with
Bryum argenteum (Hedw.), Leskea sp., Orthotrichum
obtusifolium Brid. and O. sp., in Crown Heights,
Brooklyn (Trigoboff c0517, BH). Capsules from this
season and last were abundant at both sites. To the
naked eye, Ptychomitrium drummondii looks like an
Orthotrichum with a seta that is too long (2-2.5 mm)
and a capsule that is too short (0.9-1 mm). With a
hand lens, the leaves look narrower than those of
Orthotrichum and curved, but not curled or crisped
when dry (Crum and Anderson, 1981). P.
drummondii is not listed in Ketchledge’s (1980)
checklist of New York State mosses, or in Grout’s
(1916) list of mosses in the New York City vicinity.
It is known to range from Delaware to Florida, west
to Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Illinois. It often
grows on roadside tree trunks in urbanized areas
(Crum and Anderson, 1981 and Reese, 1999).
In January 2006, I found a small tuft of
Ptychomitrium serratum Bruch & Schimp.
(Ptychomitriaceae) on sloping concrete, well above
the water level, by a footbridge over a creek, in a half
open area of a wooded preserve, surrounded by an
extensive suburban area, in Massapequa, Nassau
County (Trigoboff c05287, NY & NYS). The plants
were not large, but stood out as looking unfamiliar.
free and available on the internet.
Also present were Orthotrichum sp., Ceratodon
purpureus, Barbula unguiculata Hedw., Bryum
argenteum and Bryum sp. P. serratum has never been
reported from New York, or nearby states. According
to Reese (1999), P. serratum grows on “calcareous
rock and concrete in forests; 0--2200 m; La., S.C.,
Tex.; Mexico; West Indies (Dominican Republic).”
In June 2000, an extremely dense, heavily
fruiting growth of Trematodon longicollis Michx.
(Dicranaceae) covered at least 1 square meter of
moist, bare waste ground in a 1-m-wide alley between
two buildings of the Kenneth W. Post greenhouse
complex on the Cornell University campus, in Ithaca,
Tompkins County (Trigoboff c005, BH; c0029,
NYS). Other mosses at the site included: Bryum
caespiticum (Hedw.), Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.)
Brid., Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.,
Brachythecium sp.. and Plagiomnium cuspidatum
(Hedw.) T. Kop. In May 2004, the plants were fewer,
far less dense and scantily fruiting (Trigoboff c0410,
BH). In April 2005, the plants had increased and
were fruiting more heavily, but not to the extent seen
originally (Trigoboff c0553, BH). The genus
Trematodon has capsules with distinctive long,
slender necks. The neck of T. longicollis is about
twice as long as the um. 7. ambiguous (Hedw.)
Hornsch., which also occurs in New York, has a neck
about as long as the urn, as well as other differences
(Crum and Anderson, 1981). T. longicollis is not
listed in Ketchledge’s (1980) checklist of New York
State mosses. In eastern North America, its range
extends at least from New Jersey and southern
Ontario to Florida and Texas (Crum and Anderson,
1981). Grout (1916) listed it as occurring in the New
York City vicinity because it was known from
Closter, New Jersey, which is just northwest of New
York City. The location of the plants by a
greenhouse, as well as the many bryologists who have
86
passed through Ithaca over the years without
collecting it, make it safe to say that the plant is
introduced.
Google Earth provides high-resolution aerial and
satellite imagery with coordinates, elevation, street
names and other information. You can download
GoogleEarth at: http://earth.google.com/download-
earth html. If you type the coordinates:
40°40'48.42"N 73°27'41.97"W (exactly as given), it
should take you to within 2 meters of the
Ptychomitrium serratum. If you are prone to vertigo,
strap yourself into your chair before you hit the return
key. You can vary the altitude of the view to suit
your purpose. At 300 feet, you can inspect the small
bridge and the surrounding area. One thousand feet is
a good altitude to “fly” over the land and look for
similar bridges, or rock outcrops, creeks, bogs,
woods, or the habitat of your choice in any part of the
world. GoogleEarth also can help you find your way
to the site if you are driving (or parachuting) there.
The photo quality varies from place to place, but is
sure to improve in the future. The Trematodon
longicollis site in Ithaca is just a blur, but at
40°40'11.03"N 73°57'3.74"W you can see the tree
where the P. drummondii occurs in Brooklyn. With
luck and a little time spent noting land features and
EVANSIA
comparing them with GoogleEarth, you can
determine the precise latitude and longitude of your
plant collections. A similar program is available at:
http://dev.live.com/virtualearth/sdk/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Norton Miller, Dale Vitt, and Bill Buck
for help with identifications and Robert Dirig for
reading a draft of this article. Nat Cleavitt, Sue
Williams and Nancy Slack helped to fund my moss
collecting on Long Island.
LITERATURE CITED
Crum, H. A., & L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Grout, A. J. 1916. The Moss Flora of New York
City and Vicinity. New Dorp, N.Y.: The author.
Ketchledge, E.H. 1980. Revised Checklist of the
Mosses of New York State. New York State
Museum Bulletin 440. Albany.
Reese W. D., 1999. Bryophyte Flora of North
America, Provisional Publication. Available at:
http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/bfna/V 1/Ptyc
Ptychomitriaceae.htm on February 21, 2005.
87
Volume 23 (4)
Mosses and Liverworts Growing on the Mossy Cap Polypore (Oxyporus
populinus)
DONALD D. DAVIS
Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, U.S.A.; email:
ddd2@psu.edu
RONALD A. PURSELL
Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, U.S.A.
Abstract.
Thirty-four moss-bearing conks of the basidiomycete Oxyporus populinus “mossy cap
polypore” were collected at various locations, mainly in Pennsylvania.
Conks were returned to the
laboratory and mosses examined microscopically for identification. Ten species of moss in seven families
and two species of liverworts in two families were identified.
Keywords. Amblystegium serpens, Amblystegium varium, Anacamptodon splachnoides, Brachythecium
cf. salebrosum, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Leskea gracilescens, Leucobryum glaucum,
Lophocolea heterophylla, Oxyporus populinus, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Platygyrium repens, Pylaisia
polyantha
INTRODUCTION
The basidiomycete fungus Oxyporus populinus
Fr. [syn. Fomes connatus (Weinm.) Gillet],
commonly known as the “mossy cap polypore,”
infects red maple trees (Acer rubrum L.) throughout
the eastern United States. This wood decaying
fungus causes a spongy, white or straw-colored
heartrot, known as “piperot,” in the lower trunks of
both young and old red maple trees, and occasionally
in sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum Marsh.). The
fruiting body of O. populinus is a white, perennial,
conk often found at the site of a crack, wound,
hollow, or canker on infected trunks. Both old and
new references state only that “moss” commonly
grows on the upper pilear surface of these conks
(Baxter 1943, Sinclair & Lyon 2005), with no
reference to species. Also, early anecdotal accounts
relate that only one moss species colonizes O.
populinus conks. Furthermore, a search of the
literature revealed that species of mosses (or
liverworts) associated with this polypore have not
been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study
was to identify the species of mosses and liverworts
growing on conks of O. populinus.
Thirty-four moss-bearing conks of O. populinus
were collected at various locations by the first author
or students in his classes. All conks except one were
collected within the state of Pennsylvania. The exact
locations of students’ collection sites are unknown
but are mainly in central Pennsylvania since they
were collected while the students were attending
class. The polypore was identified by the first author
and moss and liverwort species were identified by the
second author. Voucher specimens of each moss and
liverwort species are deposited in MO. All conks
were collected from red maple trees, except one
collected from sugar maple.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Both liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and mosses
(Bryophyta) were found on conks of O. populinus
(Table 1). Two species of liverworts, representing
two families, and ten species of mosses, representing
seven families, were identified (Table 2). The two
liverwort species are Frullania eboracensis and
Lophocolea heterophylla. The ten moss species are
Amblystegium serpens, Amblystegium varium,
Anacamptodon splachnoides, Brachythecium cf.
88
salebrosum, Hypnum pallescens, Leskea
gracilescens, Leucobryum glaucum, Plagiomnium
cuspidatum, Platygyrium repens, and Pylaisia
polyantha. With regard to frequency, the species
listed in descending order with number of collections
in parentheses are the mosses Brachythecium cf.
salebrosum (9), Plagiomnium cuspidatum (8),
Platygyrium repens (8), Pylaisia polyantha (7),
Amblystegium serpens (6), Amblystegium varium (4),
Hypnum pallescens (2), Anacamptodon splachnoides
(1), Leucobryum glaucum (1), and Leskea
gracilescens (1); and the liverworts Frullania
eboracensis (1) and Lophocolea heterophylla (1).
These frequency data are also illustrated in Figure 1.
Most mosses and liverworts collected are common
species except Anacamptodon splachnoides, which is
less common.
Most O. populinus conks support only one or
two species of mosses or liverworts, with a range of 1
— 3 (Figure 2, Table 2). A few conks that supported
neither moss nor liverworts were observed, but not
collected. Some of these were likely first-year conks,
not old enough to support moss and liverwort
colonies (Hepting 1971), whereas others were not
colonized simply due to chance. No attempt was
made to correlate conk age with the presence of moss
and liverwort colonies. Moss and liverwort coverage
on individual conks varied from very scarce (a few
tufts) to abundant (colonies covering the entire upper
pilear surface).
This is a rather large and varied assemblage of
mosses and liverworts to occur on such a limited
substrate (the pileus of O. populinus conks).
However, the perennial conks are soft, wet, and
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spongy, and remain wet for long periods after rains,
absorbing moisture from stemflow and possibly from
moisture contained within cracks in the tree trunk. It
is likely that moss and liverwort spores randomly
alight on the pilear surface, where the moist surface is
an ideal micro-site for spore germination, protonema
establishment, and colonization. Other species of
perennial basidiomycete conks observed in the
collection areas were generally hard, dry and woody,
and did not support colonies of mosses or liverworts.
CONCLUSION
Early anecdotal accounts relate that only one
moss species colonizes O. populinus conks. To the
contrary, we found ten species of mosses and two
species of liverworts, representing nine different
families, growing on the mossy cap polypore.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wish to thank Bruce Allen for
reviewing this manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
Baxter, D.V. 1943. Pathology in Forest Practice.
John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 618 pp.
Hepting, G.H. 1971. Diseases of Forest and Shade
Trees of the United States. USDA Forest
Service Handbook No. 386, Washington, D.C.
658 pp.
Sinclair, W.A. & H.H. Lyon. 2005. Diseases of
Trees and Shrubs (2nd Ed.). Cornell Univ. Press,
Ithaca. 660 pp.
89
Table 1. Bryological taxa found on conks of O. populinus.
Division Bryophyta
Amblystegiaceae
Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp.
A. varium (Hedw.) Lindb.
Brachytheciaceae
Brachythecium cf. salebrosum (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp.
Frabroniaceae
Anacamptodon splachnoides (Brid.) Brid.
Hypnaceae
Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv.
Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp.
Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp.
Leskeaceae
Leskea gracilescens Hedw.
Leucobryaceae
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. ex Fr.
Plagiomniaceae
Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop.
Division Marchantiophyta
Frullaniaceae
Frullania eboracensis Gottsche
Lophocoleaceae
Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort
Volume 23 (4)
90
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Table 2. Collection sites for bryophytes collected on conks of O. populinus. Collections
made in Pennsylvania except for conk number 26, which was collected in New Hampshire.
Collections from red maple, except for conk number 34, which was from sugar maple.
Conk No.
Location
Cambria Co. Amblystegium serpens
Cambria Co. Amblystegium serpens
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
Amblystegium varium
Cambria Co.
Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
Amblystegium varium
Frullania eboracensis
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
Unknown* Plagiomnium cuspidatum
nknown*
Cambria Co.
Cambria Co. Amblystegium serpens
Tioga Co.
Pylaisia polyantha
Centre Co.
Somerset Co. Amblystegium serpens
Cambria Co. Amblystegium serpens
Nf] dlr NIin]eloalH mpPefeteole so
Huntingdon Co. Amblystegium varium
Cambria Co. Leucobryum glaucum
Pylaisia polyantha
Potter Co. Pylaisia polyantha
Somerset Co Hypnum pallescens
Cambria Co. Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Huntingdon Co. Platygyrium repens
Unknown* Pylaisia polyantha
22 Centre Co. Amblystegium serpens
Warren Co. Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Warren Co.
2 Tioga Co. Amblystegium varium
Platygyrium repens
Plymouth, NH
Unknown* Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Cambria Co. Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
30 Platygyrium repens
31 Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Leskea gracilescens
32 Cambria Co. Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
33 Wayne Co.
34 Potter Co. Brachythecium cf. salebrosum
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
*Exact location of student collections unknown
91
Volume 23 (4)
Brachythecium Plagiomnium —_Platygyrium Pylaisia Amblystegium = Amblystegium = Hypnum — Anacamptodon —_Leskea Leucobryum Frullania Lophocolea
cf. salebrosum —_cuspidatum repens polyantha serpens varium pallescens splachnoides —_gracilescens glaucum eboracensis heterophylla
Species
Figure 1. Frequency of moss and liverwort species collected on 34 O. populinus conks.
Figure 2. Amblystegium serpens and Plagiomnium cuspidatum growing on the upper pilear surface of Oxyporus populinus
(conk number 2 in Table 2).
92
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New Records of Leptogium rivale and Peltigera hydrothyria in the Pacific
Northwest, USA
DouaG A. GLAVICH
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Siuslaw National Forest, P.O. Box 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339; email:
dglavich@fs.fed.us
LINDA H. GEISER
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Siuslaw National Forest, P.O. Box 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339
Abstract. Using a random sampling scheme, we surveyed mountain streams of western Washington,
western Oregon, and northern California for Leptogium rivale and Peltigera hydrothyria. We report 36
new records for L. rivale and 10 new records of P. hydrothyria.
Leptogium rivale Tuck and _ Peltigera
hydrothyria Miadlikowski & Lutzoni are foliose
cyanolichens of mountain streams. Thalli of
Leptogium rivale are small (0.5 — 2.0 cm), narrow
lobed (~ 1.0 mm), brown to black in color, and form
smooth, appressed colonies on submerged and
periodically inundated rocks. Peltigera hydrothyria
(synonym Hydrothyria venosa J. Russell) thalli are
gray to black, and have medium sized (1.0 cm wide),
distinctly veined lobes, and grow under water in
loose, ruffle-like clumps. Both species have been
reported from mountain ranges in North America,
where P. hydrothyria appears to be endemic (Lesher
et al. 2003).
Peltigera hydrothyria is distributed in the
northwestern and northeastern portions of the North
American continent. In the northwest, it is known
from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, the
Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington, the
northern Rocky Mountains (northern Idaho and
Montana into British Columbia, Canada), and in
southeastern Alaska (Brodo et al. 2001; Geiser et al.
1998; McCune & Geiser 1997; McCune & Goward
1995; Lesher et al. 2003). In the northeast, it is
known from the Appalachian Mountains
(Connecticut, Georgia, New Hampshire,
Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, and Tennessee),
and the Catskill Mountains (New York) (ASU
herbarium 2006; Brodo et al. 2001; Dennis et al.
1981).
Leptogium rivale was thought to be endemic to
North America until its recent discovery in Poland,
the Czech Republic (Guttova 2000), and Portugal
(van den Boom 2002). In North America, it appears
to only occur in the western US. It is known from
California, Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Washington,
Wyoming, and southeastern Alaska (Geiser et al.
1998; Lesher et al. 2003; McCune & Geiser 1997;
McCune & Goward 1995), and it was recently
discovered in New Mexico (Carlberg 2005).
In the North American Pacific Northwest, these
lichens have been considered rare, late-seral forest
associates (Lesher et al. 2003). Leptogium rivale is
not currently listed but populations are tracked by the
Bureau of Land Management in Oregon (USDI
2005), and P. hydrothyria was listed with the Survey
& Manage program of the Northwest Forest Plan
(USDA & USDI 2000). In the summers of 2002 and
2003, we surveyed 220 randomly selected stream
sites for aquatic lichens across the Northwest Forest
Plan area (western Washington, western Oregon, and
northwestern California) (Fig.1). Sampled sites were
from the Northwest Forest Plan Aquatic and Riparian
Effectiveness Program’s study design, where
randomly selected sites were also assessed for
accessability of stream reaches within USGS 6" field
sub-watersheds (USDA & USDI 2002a). Major
drainage basins in the US are divided up into
hydrologic units that are successively divided five
additional times into smaller and smaller units. The
largest unit, a 1" field region, encompasses a drainage
system for a US major river and averages 285,694
square km in size, and the smallest unit, a 6" field
sub-watershed, encompasses a large creek or
relatively smaller river system and ranges from 26 to
109 square km in size (Legleiter 2001).
93
Figure 1.
Volume 23 (4)
94
In this paper, we report new records of L. rivale
and P. hydrothyria from our study. We will report
frequency, ecological information, and provide
distribution maps in a second paper. The location
records from this study may aid conservation and
management efforts in the Pacific Northwest. We
also include one location provided to us after our
fieldwork was completed. Historical locality
information for these lichens in the NWFP area can
be found in Lesher et al. (2003) and the USDA
Natural Resource Information System (NRIS)
(USDA 2005).
Taxonomy of L. rivale and P. hydrothyria follow
Esslinger (2006). Vouchers are deposited in OSC
unless otherwise noted. National Forest is
abbreviated (NF) and Bureau of Land Management is
abbreviated (BLM). Watershed names refer to U.S.
Geological Survey 6" field sub-watersheds (Legleiter
2001; USDA & USDI 2002b).
Leptogium rivale Tuck. CALIFORNIA. Del
Norte Co., Six Rivers NF, South Fork Smith River
near Island Lake trail, 41.78080° N 123.72550° W,
Carlberg 00790b (Carlberg personal herb.).
Humboldt Co., Six Rivers NF, Mill Creek watershed,
South Fork Mill Creek, 41.13014° N 123.50536° W,
Brown 030626-1. Mendocino Co., Mendocino NF,
Beaver Creek watershed, Smokehouse Creek,
39.97783° N 122.95817°W, Gillock 020712. Siskiyou
Co., Klamath NF, South Fork Salmon River
watershed, Black Gulch Creek, 41.09208° N
123.11472° W, Miles 020706. OREGON. Clackamas
Co., BLM, Salem District, Mollala River watershed,
Shotgun Creek, 45.01267° N 122.48852° W, Miles
020721; Horse Creek, 44.95411° N 122.42394° W,
Miles 020722-1; Bear Creek, 44.98791° N 122.6553°
W, Miles 020722-2; . Josephine Co., Rogue River
NF, Carberry Creek, Steve Fork, 42.04567° N
123.28700° W, Miles 020624. Coos Co., Siskiyou
NF, South Fork Coquille River watershed, Drowned
Out Creek, 42.71559° N 123.01689° W, Annegers
020718; Panther Creek, 42.74694° N 123.98467° W,
Annegers 020719-1; South Fork Coquille River,
42.79528° N 123.93998° W, Annegers 020702-1.
Douglas Co., BLM, Roseburg District, Upper West
Fork Cow Creek watershed, Upper West Fork Cow
Creek, 42.79875° N_ 123.81697° W, Annegers
020720-1; Wilson Creek, 42.80856° N 123.83597°
W, Annegers 020720-2; Brush Creek watershed,
Brush Creek, 43.54467° N 123. 43842° W, Kahan
020806-1; Umpqua NF, Camas Creek, 43.23270°
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122.45003°, Glavich 617. Jefferson Co., Deschutes
NF, Six Creek watershed, Six Creek, 44.53997° N
121.55986° W, Kahan 020702. Klamath Co.,
Deschutes NF, Summit Creek watershed, Whitefish
Creek, 43.47823° N 122.04122° W, Annegers
020722. Deschutes Co., Deschutes NF, Snow Creek
watershed, Deschutes River, 43.88578° N 121.76342°
W, Annegers 020804. Lane Co., Willamette NF,
Blue River, 44.23239° N 121.76342° W, Carlson
030620-1; Cook Creek, 44.27678° N 122.19481° W,
Glavich 625; HJ. Andrews Experimental Forest,
McCrae Creek, 44.23450° N 122.20656° W, Brown
030620-2; Lookout Creek tributary, 44.23122° N
122.17369° W, Gillock 020719-2. Linn Co.,
Willamette NF, Sixes Creek watershed, Swamp
Creek, 44.54900° N 122.17989° W, Miles 020805-1;
Fitt Creek, 44.53750° N 122.21950° W, Miles
020806-2; Quartzville Creek watershed, Freezeout
Creek, 44.58431° N 122.19639° W, Annegers
020815-2; Bruler Creek, 44.57586° N 122.18422° W,
Annegers 020815-3, Butte Creek, 44.58658° N
122.20803° W, Annegers 020816-1, Quartzville
Creek, 44.58425° N_ 122.18056° W, Annegers
020816-2. Wasco Co., Mt. Hood NF, Mill Creek
watershed, North Fork Mill Creek, 45.49228° N
121.48133° W, Kahan 020626, Barlow Creek,
45.24222° N_ 121.64839° W, Nadel 030710.
WASHINGTON. Kittitas Co., Wenatchee NF, Swauk
Creek, 47.27767° N_ 120.69700° W, Annegers
020829; South Fork Taneum Creek, 47.10742° N
120.94583° W, Nadel 020925. Pierce Co., Mt.
Baker-Snoqualmie NF, White River watershed,
Ranger Creek, 47.02322° N 121.53331° W, Annegers
020901. Skagit Co., Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF,
Arrow Creek, 48.41772° N 121.39111° W, Carlson
030910; Illabot Creek, 48.40708° N 121.35238° W,
Carlson 030911. Skamania Co., Gifford-Pinchot NF,
Big Lava Creek, 45.78853° N 121.65683° W,
Annegers 020818.
Peltigera _hydrothyria Miadlikowska &
Lutzoni. OREGON. Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood NF,
Still Creek, 45.29331° N 121.87172° W, Miles
020815-4. Douglas Co. Umpqua NF, Camas Creek,
43.23269° N 122.45003° W, Glavich 626 Klamath
Co., Deschutes NF, Summit Creek watershed,
Whitefish Creek, 43.47828° N 122.04122° W,
Annegers 020722-4. Lane Co., Willamette NF, H.J.
Andrews Experimental Forest, Lookout Creek
tributary, 44.23122° N 122.17369° W, Géillock
020719-3. Linn Co., Willamette NF, Sixes Creek
95
watershed, Swamp Creek, 44.54900° N 122.17989°
W, Miles 020805-2, Fitt Creek, 44.53750° N
122.19639° W, Miles 020806-2; Quartzville Creek
watershed, Freezeout Creek, 44.58431° N 122.19639°
W, Annegers 020815-5, Bruler Creek, 44.57586° N
122.18422° W, Annegers 020815-6, Butte Creek,
44.58658° N 122.20803° W, Annegers 020816-3,
Upper Quartzville Creek, 44.57789° N 122.25483°
W, Annegers 020816-4.
DISCUSSION
We found only a few new watershed locations
for P. hydrothyria—Quartz, Sixes, Still, and Summit
Creeks, all in Oregon, therefore we still consider this
lichen to be rare in the study area. For L. rivale,
however, we report numerous new locations from
new watersheds across all three states in our study
area. It is likely that L. rivale has been underreported
because it is inconspicuous. When submerged, it is
easily mistaken for Verrucaria ssp., a genus of black
crustose lichens, occurring locally in nearly all
mountain streams, and when growing on exposed
streambeds, the dry, appressed grayish-brown thalli
are camouflaged by their rock substrates. The
geographic span of L. rivale sites new to seven
National Forests and BLM districts (Mendocino
[CA], Six Rivers (CA), Klamath (CA), Siskiyou
(OR), Deschutes (OR), Wenatchee (WA), and Mount
Baker-Snoqualmie [WA]) and Oregon BLM Districts
(Roseburg and Salem) indicate that this lichen is
more widespread than previously thought.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our field crew (Brett
Annegers, Erin Brown, Christine Carlson, Alek
Dunton, Ben Gillock, Lane Kahan, Lori Miles, Miko
Nadel, and Lori Wisehart), the USDA-Forest Service
Northwest Forest Plan Aquatic Riparian
Effectiveness Monitoring Program and staff for
logistical and financial support, and Trevor Goward
for reviewing the manuscript. The USDA & USDI
Survey and Manage Program funded this project.
LITERATURE CITED
ASU Herbarium. 2006. Arizona State University
Lichen Herbarium On-line Database.
http://nhc.asu.edu/lichens/.
Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, & S. Sharnoff. 2001.
Lichens of North America. New Haven, Yale
University Press.
Volume 23 (4)
Carlberg, T. 2005. California Lichen Society,
Personnel Communication.
Dennis, W. M., P. A. Collier, P. DePriest, & E. L.
Morgan. 1981. Habitat notes on the aquatic
lichen Hydrotheria venosa Russell in Tennessee.
The Bryologist 84: 402-403.
Esslinger, T. L. 2006. A cumulative checklist for the
lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of
the continental United States and Canada. North
Dakota State University:
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chc
kist/chcklst7 htm
Geiser, L. H., K. L. Dillman, C. C. Derr, & M. C.
Stensvold. 1998. Lichens and Allied Fungi of
Southeast Alaska. In M. G. Glen, R. C. Harris,
R. Dirig, & M.S. Cole. Lichenographia
Thompsoniana: North American Lichenology in
Honor of John W. Thomson, pp. 201-243.
Mycotaxon Ltd, Ithaca, NY.
Guttova, A. 2000. Three Leptogium species new to
Europe. Lichenologist 32: 291-303.
Legleiter, K. J. 2001. Interagency Development of
National Watershed and Subwatershed
Hydrologic Units. ESRI on-line library:
http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc0 1/
professional/papers/pap492/p492.htm
Lesher, R., C. Derr, & L. Geiser. 2003. Natural
history and management considerations for the
Northwest Forest Plan Survey and Manage
lichens. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Region Natural Resources Technical Paper,
Portland, OR, R6-NR-S&M-TP-03-03.
http://web.or.blm.gov/ForPlan/MR-
Lichen/index.htm.
McCune, B. & L. Geiser. 1997. Macrolichens of the
Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University
Press, Corvallis, OR. 386 pp.
McCune, B. & T. Goward. 1995. Macrolichens of
the Northern Rocky Mountains. Mad River
Press, Eureka, CA. 208 pp.
U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 2005. Natural Resource
Information System (NRIS) -TES Plants.
Regional Office, Portland, OR.
U.S. Department of Agriculture & U.S. Department
of the Interior. 2000. Final Supplemental
Environmental Impact Statement on
Management of Habitat For Amendment of the
Survey & Management, Protection Buffer, and
other Mitigation Measures Standards and
96
Guidelines, Vol. I-Chapters 1-4. Regional
Ecosystem Office, Portland, OR.
U.S. Department of Agriculture & U.S. Department
of the Interior. 2002a. Aquatic and Riparian
Effectiveness Riparian Program Field Protocol:
Interagency Monitoring for the Northwest Forest
Plan. Regional Ecosystem Office, Portland, OR.
U.S. Department of Agriculture & U. S. Department
of the Interior. 2002b. Regional Ecosystem
Office GIS Data; Sth & 6th field watershed
EVANSIA
boundaries for Washington, Oregon, and
California.
http://www.reo.gov/gis/data/gisdata/index.htm
_ U.S. Department of the Interior. 2005. Interagency
Special Status and Sensitive Species Program,
Bureau of Land Management, Portland, OR.
http://www.or.blm.gov/isssp/index.htm
Van den Boom, P. 2002. Lichens in the upper belt of
the Serra de Estrela (Portugal). Osterreichische
Zeitschrift ftir Pilzkunde 11: 1-28.
97
Volume 23 (4)
Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sergio & Sim-Sim (Oxymitraceae) New to
Missouri
TIM E. SMITH
Botanist, Missouri Dept. of Conservation, P. O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180; email: tim.smith@mdc.mo.gov
STEPHEN L.TIMME
Director, T. M. Sperry Herbarium, Dept. of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762-7552; email:
slt@pittstate.edu
Abstract. This paper reports an eastern range extension of the thallose liverwort Oxymitra incrassata
and is the first report of the species from the state of Missouri.
Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sergio & Sim-Sim is
a thallose liverwort that grows on sandstone and
igneous substrates. Prior to this report, it was known
to occur in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas as well as in
Mexico, South America , Europe and North Africa
(Schuster 1992). While searching for the federally-
threatened plant, Geocarpon minimum Mack., on
sandstone glades near Truman Reservoir in Henry
County, Missouri, the first author noticed a
distinctive thallose liverwort. Its grayish-white
ventral scales were overarching the dorsal surface of
the green thallus forming a somewhat “caged”
appearance to the thallus. According to Schuster
(1992) this distinctive characteristic is a result of
dessication of the plant and would therefore be absent
with abundant moisture. A specimen was collected
from the sandy soil and sent to KSP and MO where
the plant was identified as Oxymitra incrassata.
Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sergio & Sim-Sim.
Missouri. Henry Co. 03 April 2006. Smith 4205
(KSP, MO) ca 1.0 mi ESE of Brownington (T40N
R25W $21 NW4 SW4) US. Army Corps of
Engineers-managed land on south side of Truman
Reservoir. Sandstone glade on northwest side of Otter
Creek Arm of reservoir. Thin, sandy soil over
sandstone bedrock. Local. Whitish ventral scales
wrapping around upper surface of grooved thallus.
Only a small patch of O. incrassata was
observed, although several acres of sandstone glade
were surveyed. Hedwigia ciliata (Hedwig) P. Beauv.
was also collected at the site but a complete listing of
associated species was not compiled.
This first-known Missouri location is in the
Cherokee Plains Subsection of the Osage Plains
Section but is only about 7.0 km west of the Ozark
Highlands Section boundary (Nigh & Schroeder
2002). The sandstone glade community at the site is
similar to numerous glades within the Springfield
Plain Subsection of the Ozark Highland Section, so
this taxon may eventually be found within the Ozark
Highlands. The collection site is about 170 km east-
northeast of the nearest previously known location in
Woodson County, Kansas.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Carl Darigo of MO for his
confirmation of the species determination and Rich
Abdoler and Erin Cordray of the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers for facilitating access to the collection site.
LITERATURE CITED
Nigh, T.A. & W.A. Schroeder. 2002. Atlas of
Missouri ecoregions. Missouri Department of
Conservation. Jefferson City.
Schuster, R.M. 1992. The Hepaticae and
Anthocerotae of North America, vol. 6. Field
Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
98
EVANSIA
Ptychomitrium serratum (Musci: Ptychomitriaceae) New to Missouri and
the Interior Highlands of North America
CARL E. DARIGO
Research Associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis MO 63166; e-mail: carl.darigo@sbcglobal.net
NELS HOLMBERG
530 W. Whiskey Creek Road, Washington MO 63090; e-mail: nholmberg@fidnet.com
Abstract. Ptychomitrium serratum is reported new to Missouri and the Interior Highlands of North
America, representing a significant range extension for the species.
Key Words. Ptychomitrium serratum, Missouri, Interior Highlands of North America
Franklin County is one of the larger counties
in Missouri. It is located west of St. Louis in the
east-central part of the state on the Salem Plateau
of the Interior Highlands of North America. The
county is shaped roughly like a square about 30
miles on a side. It includes 930 square miles, is
bordered on the north by the Missouri River, and
the Meramec River cuts through the southeastern
part of the county. The county has a rolling
topography and consists mainly of farmland
interspersed with sections of upland oak-hickory
forest.
Meramec State Park is located on the
southern border of Franklin County, approximately
70 miles southwest of St. Louis. Parts of Crawford
and Washington counties also are within the the
park boundaries, giving Meramec State Park the
distinction of being the only Missouri state park at
a point where three counties join. The park was
established in 1927 and has slightly less than 7,000
acres. In 1933 numerous structures, some still
existing, were built in the park by the Civilian
Conservation Corps. The Meramec River flows
through the park, providing canoeing, swimming
and fishing for visitors. The park had the dubious
honor of being selected as the site of the infamous
Meramec Dam. This project, luckily for river
lovers, was eventually cancelled. The park has a
rugged landscape, ranging from 550 feet to 950
feet elevation and is mainly upland oak-hickory
forest, There are also numerous springs and more
than 40 caves in the park. It has good facilities,
including campgrounds, trails, a modern visitor
center, motel, conference center, boat ramp, canoe
float trips, park store, dining lodge, cabins and
guided tours through Fisher Cave. On summer
weekends, the park is often crowded with visitors.
On 27 January 2006, while conducting a
bryophyte survey of the park for the Department of
Natural Resources, the junior author noticed an
abandoned, concrete, building foundation while
climbing a hill near the park entrance. The site was
in a shrubby opening of an upland oak-hickory
forest, located on a south-facing slope at 635 feet
elevation. Several collections were taken from the
concrete foundation, one of which turned out to be
Ptychomitrium serratum (Mill. Hal.) Bruch &
Schimp. in Besch., a moss new to Missouri as well
as the Interior Highlands of North America.
Ptychomitrium serratum (Mill. Hal.) Bruch
& Schimp. in Besch. Missouri. Franklin County.
Meramec State Park, Holmberg 1433 (MO).
Plants dark-green, brownish or blackish, in
small tufts, 10-20 mm tall; leaves crisped with
incurved margins when dry, spreading when wet,
3.5-5.0 x 1.0 mm, lanceolate, tapering to an acute
apex, coarsely toothed in upper 1/3, not to weakly
decurrent, margins plane, often 2-3 stratose,
99
weakly revolute below; upper cells 8-12 pm long,
smooth, round to quadrate, thick-walled, basal
cells linear, smooth; costae percurrent, in cross
section with guide cells and two stereid bands;
sporophytes not present.
The plants from this collection compared very
well with descriptions given in Allen (2005), Crum
& Anderson (1981), Reese (1984) and Crum
(1994). Only one small clump of the
Ptychomitrium was collected, along with Bryum
argenteum Hedw. and Tortella humilis (Hedw.)
Jenn. Several searchers returned to the site at a
later date to assess the quantity of Ptychomitrium
present, but none was found.
Ptychomitrium serrratum has been reported in
the United States from Texas and Louisiana (Crum
& Anderson 1981; Reese 1984). Reese (1998) adds
South Carolina to its distribution. The presence of
Ptychomitrium serratum in Missouri represents a
significant range extension for this species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Volume 23 (4)
The authors wish to thank Bruce Allen for
confirming the determination and reviewing this
paper.
LITERATURE CITED
Allen, B. 2005. Moss Flora of Central America.
Part 2. Encalyptaceae to Orthotrichaceae.
Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90: 1-
699.
Crum, H. 1994. Ptychomitriaceae. Jn: A. J. Sharp,
H. Crum & P. M. Eckel (eds.), The Moss
Flora of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
69: 410-415.
.& L.E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of
Eastern North America. Vol. 2. Columbia
University Press, New York.
Reese, W. D. 1984. Mosses of the Gulf South.
Louisiana State University Press. Baton
Rouge.
. 1998. The Moss Family
Ptychomitriaceae in North America North of
Mexico. Evansia 15(4): 137-145.
100
EVANSIA
Announcement Board:
At the direction of the ABLS Executive
Committee we are implementing a two stage
upgrade to Evansia. With volume 23 we have
upgraded paper quality and switched to a two
column format. We have also instituted an
author-solicited peer-review system.
Effective with issue 22 (1) the senior author of
each manuscript published in Evansia receives an
electronic copy of their paper as a pdf file.
Please remember that at least one author on each
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Evansia.
Index of Bryophytes, 2005, is now available as a
pdf file from the authors,
marshall.crosby@mobot.org and
bob.magill@mobot.org and from the web site
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/tropicos/most/br
yolist.shtml. The Index attempts to include all
names for bryophytes published during the
calendar year 2005, and it lists some names
overlooked in earlier Indexes and some
corrections to earlier Indexes. Names at all ranks
are included. Basionyms and replaced names are
also included for new combinations and new
ABLS Web Site:
names, respectively. Each newly published name
is referenced to a bibliography that provides the
complete citation for the book or article in which
the name appeared. The intent of this first of a
series of annual Indexes it to provide a compact
(the Index, 2005, is 12 pages long) means for
workers to have an up-to-date look at what has
been going on in bryophyte nomenclature. We
plan cumulative Indexes beginning with 2001.
The Index for 2001-2005 will be available soon.
New bryophyte book available: “Outstanding
Mosses & Liverworts of Pennsylvania & Nearby
States”
» 144 color photos, including different stages
or different seasons for 50 or 60 species of
mosses and liverworts, with descriptions on
the facing pages.
" Introduction to bryophytes with many
concepts illustrated with photos.
= Endpapers have labelled line drawings to
illustrate different terms
Glossary
5.5 x 8.5 inches and 96 pages wire-bound.
$18.00
To order, contact Susan Munch by email:
susanm@alb.edu
www.abls.org
AT
Guide to contributors to EVANSIA
The aim of Evansia is to provide a vehicle for the presentation and exchange of useful information on North
American bryophytes and lichens. Articles are frequently popular in nature rather than technical and are intended
to inform both amateurs and professionals. The articles include, but are not restricted to, announcements of and
reports on forays and meetings, presentations of techniques and aids for studying and curating lichens,
bryophytes, and hepatics; and reports on local floras. Checklists and papers documenting new regional, state, or
county records must include voucher specimens (collector and collection numbers) and an indication of where the
specimens are deposited or a literature reference. Occasionally, articles of broad interest from locations other than
North America may be included.
Evansia is published with the aid of desktop publishing software. Manuscripts must be submitted as Microsoft
Word documents (Times New Roman, size 10 font) attached to an email and sent directly to the editor. All
submissions must be in English; however, we will publish manuscripts with abstracts in English as well as French
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After a manuscript has been received it will be acknowledged by e-mail. Images can usually be transmitted as
email attachments; however, a good quality hard copy of any illustration should also be mailed to the editor.
IMPORTANT: Authors should not spend time elaborately formatting their manuscript and should avoid
numerous font changes, using footnotes, or other special features. When the manuscript is formatted for Evansia
most of this work will have to be removed. Note that Jtalics, bolding and underlining must be included where
appropriate. See recent copies of Evansia to resolve questions about style and format.
EFFECTIVE WITH THIS VOLUME: An author-solicited review of all manuscripts is required. When the
senior author submits a manuscript for review they should also request that the peer reviewer forward a copy of
all pertinent review documentation to the editor. Once the author has made appropriate adjustments based on
reviewer feedback the final manuscript should be emailed to the editor as an MS Word attachment. Ten days to
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editor via email within 10 days; otherwise the manuscript will be printed as is.
“Announcement Board”. Please submit information about Bryological or Lichenological fieldtrips, seminars,
meetings; or comments about curatorial techniques. Please include dates, locations and contact information for
meetings or fieldtrips. Deadlines for announcements will be March 1* (issue 1), June 1° (issue 2), September 1*
(issue 3), and December 1“ (issue 4).
Manuscripts, as email MS Word attachments, should be sent to the Editor:
EDITOR: LARRY L. ST. CLAIR
290 MLBM, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U. S. A.; email: larry_stclair@byu.edu
PHONE: (801) 422-6211 | FAX: (801) 422-0093
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: KATHRYN B. KNIGHT
290 MLBM, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602-0200 U. S. A.; email: katy_knight@byu.edu
ISSN: 0747-9859
Evansia volume 23, number 3 was distributed on 30 September 2006
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