The families and genera of Marsupialia

FIELDIANA
Geology

Publistied by Field Museum of Natural History

New Series, No. 8

THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
LARRY G.MARSHALL

July 20, 1981
Publication 1320

•.981
FIELD m^cim UBRARY

THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA

FIELDIANA
Geology

Published by Field Museum of Natural History

New Series, No. 8

THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA

LARRY G.MARSHALL

Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals

DqMirtment of Geology

Field Museum of Natural History

Accepted for publication August 6, 1979
July 20, 1981
Publication 1320

Library of Congress Catalog No.: 81-65225

ISSN 0096-2651

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CONTENTS

Part A 1

i^4troduc^on 1

Review of History and Development of Marsupial Systematics 1

Part B 19

Detailed Classification of Families and Genera of Marsupialia 19

I. New World and European Marsupialia 19

Fam. Didelphidae 19

Subfam. Dideiphinae 19

Subfam. Caluromyinae 21

*Subfam. Glasbiinae 21

*Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae 21

•Fam. Sparassocynidae 21

•Fam. Pediomyidae 21

Fam. Microbiotheriidae 21

•Fam. Stagodonddae 22

•Fam. Borhyaenidae 22

•Subfam. Hathlyacyninae 22

•Subfam. Borhyaeninae 23

•Subfam. Prothylacyninae 23

•Subfam. Proborhyaeninae 23

•Fam. Thylacosmilidae 23

•Fam. Argyrolagidae 24

Fam. Caenolesddae 24

Subfam. Caenolestinae 24

Tribe Caenolestini 24

•Tribe Pichipilini 24

•Subfam. Palaeothentinae 24

•Subfam. Abderitinae 25

•Tribe Parabderitini 25

•Tribe Abderitini 25

•Fam. Polydolopidae 25

•Fam. Groeberiidae 25

Marsupialia incertae sedis 25

Marsupialia(?) 25

II. Australasian Marsupialia 26

Fam. Dasyuridae 26

Subfam. Dasyurinae 26

Tribe Dasyurini 26

Tribe Sarcophilini 26

Fam. Myrmecobiidae 27

•Fam. Thylacinidae 27

Fam. Peramelidae 27

Fam. Thylacomyidae 27

Fam. Notoryctidae 27

Fam. Phalangeridae 27

Subfam. Phalangerinae 27

Subfam. Trichosurinae 28

•Fam. Ektopodontidae 28

Fam. Petauridae 28

Subfam. Petaurinae 28

CONTENTS

Subfam. Pseudocheirinae 28

Subfam. Dactylopsilinae 28

Fam. Burramyidae 28

Fam. Macropodidae 29

Subfam. Macropodinae 29

Tribe Macropodini 29

*Tribe Sthenurini 30

Subfam. Potoroinae 30

Tribe Hypsiprymnodontini 30

Tribe Potoroini 30

Fam. Tarsipedidae 30

Fam. Vombatidae 30

*Fam. Diprotodontidae 31

*Subfam. Diprotodontinae 31

*Subfam. Nototheriinae 31

*Subfam. Zygomaturinae 31

*Fam. Diprotodontidae incertae sedis 31

*Fam. Palorchestidae 31

*Fam. Thylacoleonidae 31

Fam. Phascolarctidae 31

*Fam. Wynyardiidae 32

Notes for Part B 32

Literature Cited 35

Index to Technical Names 58

Index to Vernacular Names 64

PART A
INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it briefly reviews the history and
development of marsupial systematics from the time of discovery of the various
living and fossil groups to the present. It is demonstrated that although the
taxonomy is relatively stable at the family and generic levels, above the family
level it is debated and is in a state of flux. Second, it presents a complete list of
currently recognized families and genera along with synonymies, complete liter-
ature citations, and known geologic and geographic occurrences. This is the first
attempt since Simpson (1945) to synthesize knowledge of these data, and it is the
first attempt in this century to provide in one place complete literature citations
for authorship of these names. It is hoped that this compilation will facilitate and
expedite further work on these animals and that it will serve as a stepping stone
for phylogenetic studies dealing with the relationships of Marsupialia.

The information presented here is drawn solely from a review of the literature,
and except for recognition of several new suprageneric ranks I make no claim to
originality in any part of the subject content. I have not seen all of the older
papers cited and in many cases have drawn their information content from
appropriately credited secondary sources. The most important of these include:
(1) general coverage of (mostly or entirely) living species — Fletcher (1885),
Thomas (1888), Lydekker (1894), Cabrera (1919), Hofer (1952), Grasse (1955),
Haltenorth (1958), Sharman (1973, 1974), Tyndale-Biscoe (1973), Hunsaker
(1977), and Stonehouse & Gilmore (1977); (2) updated taxonomic lists of living
species — Collins (1973) and Kirsch & Calaby (1977); (3) general coverage of fossil
forms— Lydekker (1887), Simpson (1930), and Piveteau (1%1); (4) living South
American species— Cabrera (1957), Cabrera & Yepes (1960), Yepes (1972), and
Reig et al. (1977, In prep.); (5) fossil South American species — Simpson (1939,
1971) and Clemens & Marshall (1976); (6) living Australian and/or Australasian
species— Lesouef et al. (1926), Marlow (1%2), Laurie & Hill (1954), Frith &
Calaby (1%9), Hope (1974), Ride (1970), Ziegler & Lidicker (1968), and Ziegler
(1977); (7) fossil Australasian taxa— Ride (1964a, b), Mahoney & Ride (1975), and
Archer & Bartholomai (1978).

I wish to thank M. Archer, J. A. W. Kirsch, M. C. McKenna, R. H. Pine, and
W. D. Tumbull for reviewing the manuscript and R. H. Tedford for much help
on Australasian taxa. Publication was made possible by NSF grant DEB-7901976.

REVIEW OF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
OF MARSUPIAL SYSTEMATICS

The first European to hold a marsupial was the Spanish explorer Vicente
Yafiez Pinzon. In January of 1500, Pinzon landed on the coast of what is now
Brazil where he acquired a female opossum with pouch young. Upon returning

2 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

to Spain, Pinzon presented the "incredible mother" at the court of King Fer-
dinand and Queen Isabella. It is reported that both Ferdinand and Isabella
"placed their royal fingers in the pouch and marvelled [at] so strange a contri-
vance of Nature" (Hartman, 1952, p. 1). This, the first marsupial to be seen in
Europe, was described by Trevigliano (1504) but was not provided with a name.

In 1557 Hans Stade published, under the name Servoy, an account of an
opossum that he observed in Brazil. Later, Sebastian Miinster (1550) and Konrad
Gesner (1551) mentioned an opossum under the name sima vulpina {=simivulpa),
the monkey-fox or fox-ape, and Su. Miinster's illustration of the simavulpa was
evidently derived from figures appearing in various editions of Ptolemy's Geog-
raphy (1522 onward) and from other early maps of South America all traceable to
Waldseemiiller's world map of 1516 where the same figures occur. The figure is
accompanied by virtually the same legend as occurs in the Tabula Terre nove of
Ptolemy, 1522 (Eastman, 1915, p. 589). Thevet (1557), who visited Brazil, pub-
lished, under the name Su, a grotesque caricature of the opossum, which was
later reproduced by Edward Topsell, J. E. Nieremberg, and John Jonston. Sub-
sequently, New World opossums were described under a number of names by
various early Spanish travellers and explorers, including Hernandez and others
(for listing see Ray, 1693; Linnaeus, 1758; and Eastman, 1915).

Captain John Smith (1612) wrote the first description of the Virginia opossum
and bestowed upon it the name opossum:

An Opossum hath an head like a Swine, and a taile like a Rat, and is of the bignesse of
a Cat. Under her belly shee hath a bagge, wherein shee lodgeth, carrieth, and
suckleth her young.

The names possum, pasum, apasum, possoume, and others (see Hartman, 1952,
p. 32) were variants in Algonquian Indian dialects and were used by the early
settlers in Virginia. The various Indian words were preceded by a grunt, and we
have been plagued with the Irish-sounding appellation opossum ever since
{}bid.).

In 1640 the Dutch traveler Marcgrave gave a detailed description of the
Carigueija brasiliensibus. He emphasized the extrauterine mode of development of
the young in the pouch or marsupium, ^ which he mistook for an exterior womb or
uterus. About 60 years later Tyson (1698) provided the first accurate description
of the anatomy of a marsupial. In this work on the female Virginia opossum,
Tyson recognized the double uteri and vaginae (Gregory, 1910).

Linnaeus (1758), however, took little notice of Tyson's work when he com-
piled his Systema Naturae, for he followed Marcgrave and coined the name Didel-
phis (see note 79) in reference to the supposed occurrence of two uteri, one
internal and the other (i.e., the pouch) external. Linnaeus placed Didelphis, the
only marsupial genus recognized at that time, in the order Bestiae, along with
pigs, hedgehogs, and shrews because of their common possession of sharp teeth
(Gregory, 1910).

In 1629 the Dutch ship Batavia, captained by Francois Pelsaert, wrecked on the
Houtman's Abrolhos Islands off the west coast of Australia. There Pelsaert en-
countered and later described (1630) another animal with a pouch and tiny
offspring contained therein. This was the first account of an Australian marsu-

'The name marsupial ultimately derives from marsupium Lat. for pouch.

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 3

pial, the Dama or Tammar wallaby — Thylogale eugenii Desmarest, 1817, a
member of the kangaroo family (Trough ton, 1957).

Pelsaert clearly described the marsupial character of his strange new beast, but
he left no hint of acquaintance with earlier descriptions of opossums, about
which an extensive literature had accumulated. Although Pelsaert's description
covered the general features and habits of the Tammar wallaby surprisingly
well, it is evident from the early use of such names as civet-cat, raccoon, and
jerb>oa that observers were misled by the superficial resemblance of Australasian
marsupials to the more familiar placental mammals (Trough ton, 1957).

The next record of an Australian marsupial was apparently contained in the
brief account published in 1658 by another Dutchman, Samuel Volckerson in
which he referred to Rottnest Island and "two seals and a wild cat, resembling a
civet-cat, but with browner hair." The latter reference is to the short- tailed
wallaby, Setonix brachyurus, which was not given a scientific name until the
French naturalist Lesson named a mainland specimen in 1842 (Troughton, 1957).

Meanwhile, specimens from Dutch trading posts began to reach Europe. Bris-
son (1762), who studied some of these specimens, recognized their kinship to
New World opossums, and named the New Guinea cuscus Didelphis orientalis.
Three years later Buffon (1765) called attention to the syndactylous condition of
digits two and three in the hind foot of this animal — "parce qu'il a les phalanges
singulierement conformees. . . ."In reference to this structure he called the
animal Phalanger, although the generic name Phalanger technically dates from
Storr (1780) (Gregory, 1910; Troughton, 1957).

The pouched animals of Australasia were comfortably classified vsdth the
American opossums until the return of Captain James Cook's first voyage in
1771. The naturalist on this expedihon. Sir Joseph Banks, had been diligent in
collecting animals along the east coast of Australia. He brought back to England
the first specimens of wombats, dasyures, and kangaroos. Recognizing the re-
lationship of certain Australian marsupials to the American opossums. Banks
(18%) dubbed the ring-tails Possums^ (Troughton, 1957).

Misled by the convergence of marsupials with various placentals (e.g., kan-
garoos and wombats to rodents), the 18th century naturalists did not recognize
the unity of the Marsupialia. Erxleben (1777), for example, first described a
species of kangaroo and believed it a gigantic relative of the ricochetal rodents
called jerboas and named it Jaculus giganteus. Geoffroy & Cuvier (1795) adopted
Vicq d'Azyr's (1792) term Pedimanes to accommodate the opossums and
dasyures, which they placed between "les Carnivores" and "les Rongeurs,"
kangaroos being placed in the latter. Geoffroy & Cuvier (1795) recognized the
essential characters of the group Pedimanes, but the deceptive similarities of the
teeth later led Cuvier (1800) to place Kangurus at the head of the Rodentia, but
next to Phalangista, and the last of the Pedimanes. The Pedimanes in turn were
placed next to the carnivores in the superordinal assemblage "Les Carnassiers."
The supposed intermediate position of the marsupials between Carnivores and
Rongeurs was accepted by Dumeril (1806) and others (Gregory, 1910).

troughton (1957, p. 80) recommended that to emphasize the difference, opossum he
applied to the American forms, whereas the shorter possum be used in reference to the
Australasian forms.

4 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

With the increasing number of animals being brought home to Europe from
around the world, the practice of classifying animals by their life forms was
proving cumbersome and unworkable. In 1816 de Blainville began to look for
more fundamental similarities in determining natural affinities. He recognized
that despite their many remarkable resemblances to certain Camivora and
Rodentia, the mode of reproduction set marsupials apart from all other mam-
mals. The characters by which he chose to distinguish various mammalian
groups were based on reproductive tracts. In marsupials the tract is double, and
thus he proposed the name Didelphes (see note 79), and in the placentals single,
hence Monodelphes. De Blainville also included monotremes in the subclass
Didelphes, which he divided into Normaux (marsupials) and Anomaux (mono-
tremes). The resemblances in teeth and body form of animals in the group
Didelphes to various Monodelphes were regarded as "secondary." The Di-
delphes Normaux he subdivided into Carnassiers and Rongeurs, corresponding
in a general way to the Polyprotodonta and Diprotodonta of later workers.

When de Blainville revised his classification in 1834, he recognized the dis-
tinctness of the monotremes and in so doing used the same taxonomic criteria as
before. The left and right oviducts in the echidna (Tachyglossus) and platypus
{Omithorynchus) resemble those of birds and reptiles in being separate to the
long cloaca; accordingly, he called the monotremes "Les Omithodelphes" or
bird wombs. For the marsupials, in which the oviducts are partly united in the
vaginal region, he retained the name "Les Didelphes." All other living mammals
he included in "Les Monodelphes." De Blainville also initiated the now common
practice of distinguishing those marsupials with separated digits on the hind
foot (Didactyla) from those with conjoined digits (Syndactyla).

In 1804 George Cuvier discovered the first European fossil marsupial in the
gypsum quarry at Montmartre, France (see Cuvier, 1804; Hoffstetter, 1976, fig. 5;
Wendt, 1968, p. 94).

In 1817, Cuvier abandoned the term Pedimanes for Marsupiaux and removed
Kangurus to that group. In so doing, he implied that foot structure, in this case at
least, is of less taxonomic importance than reproductive characters. Cuvier
further observed:

that the marsupials which we arrange at the end of the Carnassieres as a fourth family
of that great order, might almost be separated as a distinct order, so many
peculiarities do they exhibit in their economy. . . . One might, in fact, say that the
Marsupiata form a distinct class, parallel to that of ordinary quadrupeds, and, like
them might be divided into orders (translated from French).

Gervais (1836), in modifying de Blainville's (1816) classification, divided the
marsupials (Didelphes) into two groups: (1) "les Eleutherodactyles (didactylous
or eleutherodactylous forms), including "les Pedimanes" {Sarigue, Chironectes),
and "les Phascologales" (Dasyure, Phascologale, Thylacine); and (2) "les Syn-
dactyles" (syndactylous forms), including bandicoots, phalangers, and kan-
garoos. A year later Bonaparte (1837) placed the marsupials and monotremes in
the Ovovivipara, and the placentals in the Placentalia (Gregory, 1910).

The first discovery of fossil marsupials in Australia was made at the caves of
Wellington Valley and Buree, New South Wales, in or before 1830. The dis-
coverer was apparently George Ranken, who explored these caves and who
made a small collection of bones and teeth. He forwarded these to Professor
Robert Jameson in Edinburgh, who reported (1831, p. 393) that:

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 5

some of the teeth were those of the wombat, stime belonged to the kangaroo, others
we could not refer, from want of means of comparison. One bone, from its great size,
particularly arrested our attention, from its appearing to belong to an animal larger
than any of the living species in the Australian world. It appeared, on comparing it
with the splendid skeleton of the hippopotamus in the Museum, to resemble the
radial bone of that animal.

The next communicarion is by Major Thomas L. (later Sir Thomas) Mitchell,
Surveyor-General of New South Wales, who in 1831, gave a short account of the
caves and the contained bones. Mitchell's collection, as well as the original
collection of Ranken, was forwarded to G. Cuvier at Paris and was examined by
him and W. Pentland. These fossils were reported upon by Pentland (1831, 1832,
1833) (for review of early literature see Anderson, 1933).

The first systematic account of the Wellington Cave fossils was made by
Richard Owen [in Mitchell's Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia
(see Owen, 1838a; 1839a; Mitchell, 1831, 1838, 1839)]. In this short account were
established a number of extinct species, including Diprotodon optatum, Macropus
( =Sthenurus) atlas, S4acropus titan, Dasyurus ( =Sarcophilus) laniarius, and Phas-
colomis ( =Lasiorhinus) mitchelli. A summary of early papers of Australian fossil
Marsupialia is given by Owen (1877).

Haeckel (1866) first recognized that marsupials and placentals shared a com-
mon ancestor, later called Prodidelphia, and in his diagrams so represented the
relationships of these groups.

Gill (1872), in his table of contents, placed the word Eutheria in brackets in
front of Placentalia s. Monodelphia and Didelphia, whereas Prototheria was
placed in brackets in front of Omithodelphia. This implies that Gill recognized a
closer relationship between Monodelphia and Didelphia than between Didel-
phia and Omithodelphia. Gill's use of the term Eutheria antedates Huxley's,
1880 (see below), use of the same word, but in a different sense. Gill thus used a
dual primary subdivision like that of de Blainville (1816), but associated marsu-
pials with placentals rather than with monotremes.

It was subsequently discovered that monotremes laid eggs. Other similarities
of the monotremes (Omithodelphia) with Reptilia led Huxley (1880) to suggest
that monotremes and marsupials represent earlier, serial stages in the evolution
of true viviparous mammals, the placentals. To reflect this idea Huxley coined
the terms Prototheria for monotremes, Metatheria for marsupials, and Eutheria
for placentals. These terms were used by Huxley to denote successive stages of
evolutionary development, with Metatheria representing an intermediate stage
between Prototheria and Eutheria. Huxley's view implies that living mammals
represent three groups that evolved in a stepwise manner one from the other, in
the sequence Prototheria-Metatheria-Eutheria. This idea has had a long and
baneful influence on the understanding of marsupials and monotremes. It en-
couraged people to think that by studying these mammals they could ride a sort
of "Wellsian Time Machine" back to the origin of mammals (Tyndale-Biscoe,
1973, p. 4). It is this background against which features of marsupial anatomy
and physiology were interpreted as primitive in comparison with more derived
placental equivalents.

Marsh (1887) believed that placentals and marsupials evolved independently
from oviparous ancestors, of which the living monotremes were the direct but
derived descendants.

6 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

With Hill's (1897) discovery of a chorioallantoic placenta in the Australian
genus Perameles came the theory that marsupials evolved from placentals
through the retrogression of the "milk" dentihon and placenta. Dollo (1899,
1900, 1906) promoted this view and attempted to further prove that marsupials
were primitively arboreal (also see Hains, 1958; Bensley, 1901a, b). Dollo be-
lieved that because of possession of an arboreally modified foot (i.e., opposable
hallux, predominance of digit four, syndactyl) marsupials were too specialized
to have been ancestral to placentals but were instead derived from them.

Between 1887 and 1906 a number of important papers on South American
fossil Marsupialia were written by the Argentine paleontologist Florentino
Ameghino. Ameghino did not recognize the Marsupialia as a natural group. His
classification of 1906 placed what we now regard as South American fossil mar-
supials in eight major taxa (mainly orders, although the categorical level is not
always clear): Allotheria, Paucituberculata, Pedimana, Insectivora, Sparas-
sodonta, Creodonta, Prosimiae, and Protungulata. Within these, 17 families
were based on forms now considered marsupial, and some marsupials were
erroneously referred to four nonmarsupial families. One family, Odon-
tomysopidae, was placed in association with marsupials, but is based on speci-
mens of indeterminable affinities (Simpson, 1970a, p. 56).

Ameghino {op. cit.) believed that most placentals were derived independently
from one or more of these families. For example, he divided the polyprotodont
marsupials into three groups: Pedimana (didelphoids), Dasyura (Australian car-
nivorous marsupials), and Sparassodonta (large South American carnivorous
marsupials=Borhyaenidae sensu strido). These, along with Insectivora and
Carnivora, he placed in a group, Sarcobora, that included all more or less car-
nivorous mammals. The borhyaenids, divided into various families, were all
grouped as Sparassodonta, considered indirectly related to the Australian car-
nivorous marsupials and through them to the Fissipedia and Pinnipedia
(Simpson, 1948; Marshall, 1978a).

Some of Ameghino's contemporaries realized that many of the groups here in
question were marsupials. Smith Woodward (1898), for example, noted that
Ameghino's four families of Paucituberculata represent one or more families of
Marsupialia. He also noted the remarkable resemblance of Ameghino's Sparas-
sodonta to the carnivorous marsupials of Australia, but referred them to the
suborder Creodonta of the placental order Carnivora (Simpson 1970a, p. 56).

Sinclair (1906) showed that almost all of the Santacrucian (Early Miocene)
representatives of Ameghino's orders and families belong to three groups: (1)
Ameghino's Sparassodonta, placed by Sinclair in the Australasian family
Thylacinidae with Thylacinus, but now given family or superfamily distinction as
Borhyaenidae and Borhyaenoidea; (2) Ameghino's Paucituberculata, placed in
the Caenolestidae; and (3) Ameghino's Pedimana placed in the "Didelphyidae"
(Simpson, 1970a, pp. 56-57).

Genera referred by Ameghino to the Allotheria were later shown to represent
a single distinctive marsupial family, Polydolopidae (Simpson, 1928, 1948). The
Caroloameghiniidae, referred by Ameghino to the Protungulata, are closely re-
lated to the opossums (Simpson, 1948). As noted above, the Odontomysopidae,
placed by Ameghino in the Allotheria, are indeterminate and are probably not
marsupials (Simpson, 1967). Anissodolops, placed by Ameghino in the mul-
tituberculate family Neoplagiaulacidae, is a synonym of Polydolops and belongs

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 7

in the Polydolopidae (Simpst>n, 1948). Argx/rolestes and Nettiolestes, placed by
Ameghino in the Jurassic family Spalacotheriidae, which he erroneously consid-
ered as belonging to the Insectivora, are borhyaenids (Simpson, 1948). Acnxyon,
referred by Ameghino to the Cretxlonta, is similar to Borhyacna and hence be-
longs in the Borhyaenidae. In Ameghino's Prosimiae, the Clenialitidae and
Pitheculitcs, referred to the primate family Homunculidae, are now recognized as
Caenolestidae (Marshall, 1976c).

The first comprehensive and authoritative review of marsupial taxonomy and
phylogeny was by Gregory (1910). He discussed previous concepts of marsupial
classification and presented a reasoned, usable classification as follows:

Subclass Thcria

Infraciass Metatheria
Order Marsupialia
Sutxirder Allotheria (multituberculates)
Sulxirder Polyprotcxlontia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Fam. Didclphjdae
Fam. Dasyuridae
Fam. Myrmecobiidae
Fam. Thylacynidae
Superfam. Perameloidea
Fam. "Properamelidae" (hypothetical rank of Bensiey, 1903)
Fam. Peramelidae
Superfam. Notoryctoidea

Fam. "Pronotoryctids" (hypothetical rank)
Fam. Notoryctidae
Suborder Paucituberculata
Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Fam. Epanorthidae
Fam. Abderitidae
Fam. Garzoniidae
Fam. Caenolestidae (etc.)
Suborder Diprottxiontia
Superfam. Hypsiprymnoidea (=Phalangeroidea)
Fam. Phalangeridae
Subfam. Phalangerinae
Subfam. Tarsipedinae
Subfam. Phascolarctinae
Fam. Macroptxiidae
Fam. Phascolomyidae
Fam. Diprotodontidae
Fam. Thylacoleontidae

As noted by Gregory (1910, p. 230n), the term Eutheria has come to stand for
two very distinct concepts — first, for marsupials and placentals (see Gill, 1872;
Osborn, 1910; Beddard, 1902); and second, for placentals (see Huxley, 1880).
Although Gill's usage of the term has priority, there exists a long-standing and
widely used nomenclatural practice of using the terms metatherian and marsu-
pial synonymously, as contrasted with the terms eutherians and placentals.
Because of priority, some workers (e.g., Kermack, 1967, p, 245) have suggested
that the term Eutheria {seusu Gill, 1872) be used to include both the marsupial
and placental mammals and that Marsupialia and Placentalia be used, respec-
tively, in the place of Metatheria and Eutheria as arranged by Simpson (1945).

Simpson (1945, p. 164) noted that the terms Metatheria and Eutheria are so

8 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

widely accepted and so generally understood in the sense in which he employed
them that it would be puristic to reject them or to attempt to maintain their
forgotten original significations. Because of this, and in an attempt to avoid
contributing to the regrettable confusion, Gregory (1910) employed the term
Theria {seusu Parker & Haswell, 1897, p. 448) as the equivalent of Eutheria of
Gill. The name Theria was available, appropriate, and unambiguous. Such an
arrangement is reasonable and has been widely used for the last 65 years.

Many subsequent students overlooked the fact that Huxley's terms ending in
-theria were not really taxonomic names but merely theoretical terms designating
stages of evolution (Simpson, 1945, p. 164). Thus, Hypotheria of Huxley desig-
nated an unknown, hypothetical, first stage of mammalian evolution, and the
later stages were designated successively Prototheria, Meta theria, and Eutheria.
According to Huxley, living primates, for example, are eutherian but were de-
rived from metatherian primates (not from marsupials), these in turn from pro-
totherian primates (not from monotremes), and these finally from hypotherian
primates (Simpson, 1945, p. 164).

Although the boundaries of the group Marsupialia are now rather well estab-
lished (see Marshall, 1979b; Tyndale-Biscoe, 1973, p. 6), the same cannot be said
for its subdivisions (Simpson, 1945, p. 171). Simpson (1930, 1945) recognized six
marsupial groups, each of which he considered a monophyletic unit. These
groups he recognized as superfamilies — Didelphoidea, Borhyaenoidea, Dasyu-
roidea, Perameloidea, Caenolestoidea, and Phalangeroidea. As noted by Simpson
(1945, p. 171), many attempts have been made to unite these basic groups, under
these or other names, into more inclusive groups of about subordinal rank.

The best known and most frequently adopted system is division into Polyprotodontia
and Diprotodontia, following the characters of the indsor teeth, see, e.g., Gregory,
1910. An old alternative is to classify these six groups according to whether the
second and third toes of the hind foot are or are not united, giving such suborders as
Didactyla and Syndactyla, see, e.g., Wood-Jones, 1923-1925. The arrangements are as
follows:

INCISORS

! Didelphoidea
Borhyaenoidea
Dasyuroidea
Perameloidea

Diprotodontia

(Caenolestoidea
Phalangeroidea

TOES

{Didelphoidea
Borhyaenoidea
Dasyuroidea
Caenolestoidea

Syndactyla I Perameloidea

( Phalangeroidea

As might b»e expected of classifications based essentially on single characters, these
are contradictory and unsatisfactory. The Caenolestoidea and Perameloidea are
anomalous in any arrangement of this kind, and if they are, in turn, elevated to
separate subordinal rank the advantage of simplicity, the primary aim of this attempt
to define suborders, is lost. Structurally it would be justifiable to combine the Didel-

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 9

phoidea, Bwrhyaenoidea, and Dasyuroidea into one higher group, as these are nearly
intergrading morphological complexes. The other three basic groups do not even
remotely intergrade, and there really is no proper basis for uniting any two of them
on the subordinal level (Simpson, 1945, p. 171).

Simpson (1945, p. 171) justly argued that because of the uncertainties con-
cerning the phylogenetic relationships of these marsupial groups, it is best to
recognize six coordinate groups, which he called superfamilies, and not to unite
them further into suborders. "This at least is more conservative than following
any one disputed and ill-supported hypothesis."

Simpson's abandonment of the two subordinal groupings of earlier workers
was one of the most important advances in marsupial classification of our time.
By discarding these subt>rders (i.e., Diprotodontia, Polyprotodontia; or Syndac-
tyla and Didactyla), Simpson promoted a freer approach to problems of inter-
relationships within the marsupials as a whole (see Ride, 1964a, p. 98).

The classification proposed by Simpson (1945) follows:

Subclass Theria
Infraclass Metatheria
Order Marsupialia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Fam. Didelphidae
Subfam. Pediomyinae
Subfam. Thlaeodontinae
Subfam. Microbiotheriinae
Subfam. Didelphinae
Fam. Caroloameghiniidae
Superfam. Borhyaenoidea
Fam. Borhyaenidae
Subfam. Borhyaeninae
Subfam. Thylacosmilinae
Superfam. Dasyuroidea
Fam. Dasyuridae
Subfam. Phascogalinae
Subfam. Dasyurinae
Subfam. Thylacininae
Subfam. Myrmecobiinae
Fam. Notoryctidae
Superfam. Perameloidea

Fam. Peramelidae
Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Fam. Caenolestidae
Subfam. Caenolestinae
Subfam. Palaeothentinae
Subfam. Abderitinae
Fam. Polydolopidae
Superfam. Phalangeroidea
Fam. Phalangeridae
Subfam. Phalangerinae
Subfam. Tarsipedinae
Subfam. Phascola retinae
Subfam. Burramyinae
Fam. Thylacoleonidae
Fam. Phascolomidae
Fam. Macropodidae
Subfam. Macropodinae
Subfam. Potoroinae
Fam. Diprotodontidae

10 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

In 1947 Gregory presented his "Palimpsest Theory" in which he attempted to
demonstrate that: (1) the existing monotremes are, on the whole but with certain
exceptions, far more "specialized away" from the primitive mammalian type
than any known marsupials; and (2) that the monotremes have been derived
probably within the Australasian region and by relatively rapid divergence from
the ancestors of the Australian marsupials. In short, Gregory attempted to
demonstrate that monotremes were derived from an ancestor shared with Au-
stralasian marsupials. He proposed transfer of the orders Monotremata and
Marsupialia to a new subclass Marsupionta, characterized as:

didelphian, cloacate to trivaginate, oviparous or fetiparous, marsupiate mammals,
typically with epipubic bones; primitively a large rhinarium (lost in tachyglossids);
brain with hippocampus but without a corpus callosum; malleus with large anterior
process (goniale) (Gregory, 1947, p. 46).

He proposed the following classification:

Class Mammalia
Subclass Marsupionta

Order Marsupialia

Order Monotremata
Subclass Monodelphia (Placentalia)

Gregory suggested that this arrangement avoided the confusing terms Pro-
totheria, Metatheria, Eutheria, and Theria. The views presented in Gregory's
paper have not received wide credence, and most of the conclusions have been
controverted.

The views of Kiihne (1972, 1975), which perpetuate this scheme, are likewise
controverted. The presence of epipubic bones is not a shared, derived character
of monotremes and marsupials as stated by Kiihne (1975), but simply represents
retention in these groups of a primitive mammalian character. The loss of these
bones in placentals is the derived condition (Marshall, 1979b).

Kiihne (1972) emphatically stated that monotremes and marsupials are
synapomorphous in the replacement of but one postcanine tooth, the dP4.
However, the dental formula of the living monotreme Ornithorhynchus, upon
which he based his conclusions, is not certainly known. Kiihne's view that
monotremes and marsupials are sister-groups is further refuted by the numer-
ous apomorphies shared by marsupials and placentals, but not shared with
monotremes or other prototherians (Marshall, 1979b, table 1, fig. 1).

A choice of alternatives for recognizing the Marsupialia as an order or group of
higher rank in a phylogenetic classification involves decisions on the best proce-
dures for expressing evolutionary relationships and diversity both within and
without the group. Considering the number of hierarchical levels available, does
ranking of Marsupialia as an order provide adequate degrees of taxonomic free-
dom to express affinity and supposed relationships? In terms of its diversity, is
the group Marsupialia comparable to or does it encompass greater variety than
the larger orders of placental mammals? (Clemens & Marshall, 1976).

The superfamilial arrangement proposed by Simpson (1930, 1945) fits well
with the traditional practice of regarding the Marsupialia as a single order. This
ranking, however, implies a high degree of homogeneity in a group of animals
that has evolved for just as long as the Eutheria (Air et al., 1971; Marshall, 1979b;
Lillegraven, 1969, 1974, 1976; Moeller, 1968; TurnbuU, 1971; Kirsch, 1977d),

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA

n

Table 1. Comparison of various nomenclatures used by early workers for the major
groups of living Mammalia.

De BUinville, 1816

Didelphes
(monotremes and
marsupials)

Monodelphes
(placentals)

Gill, 1872

Prototheria
(monotremes)

Eutheria

(marsupials and
placentals)

De Blainville, 1834

Ornithodelphia
(monotremes)

Didelphia
(marsupials)

MoniKielphia
(placentals)

Huxley, 1880

Prototheria
(monotremes, s.l.)

Metatheria
(marsupials, s.l.)

Eutheria
(placentals, s.l.)

Bonaparte, 1837

Ovovivipara
(monotremes and
marsupials)

Placentalia
(placentals)

Gregory, 1910
Simpson, 1945

Prototheria
(monotremes)

Theria
Metatheria
(marsupials)

Eutheria
(placentals)

which, in contrast, is currently subdivided into some 35 orders (see McKenna,
1975; Ride, 1964a).

Fossil marsupials, particularly those of the Australian Pleistocene clearly demonstrate
a wide variety of forms which, if they had been eutherian, would have been distrib-
uted among several orders. Thus, if the kangarcxis and wallabies are antelope- and
deer-like, the stheurines bovid-Iike and the diprotixlontids hippo-like then the native
cats can only represent some such unspecialized Carnivora as the civets and mon-
gooses. The bandicoots are very different again from both of these groups and clearly
invite comparison with yet another order (Ride, 1964a, p. 98).

Ride (1964a, p. 98) has noted that this idea is not original, for taxononusts have
long recognized this inconsistency in classification.

Because of their peculiar features [marsupials] are always ranked as a single order of
mammals within a separate class, although the briefest inspection is enough to show
that there is at least as much difference between a kangarix) and a dasyure (for
example) as between an insectivore and a rodent, let alone a rodent and a lagomorph.
Because eutherian mammals were the first to become familiar to the anatomists of the
western world, and even more because our species belongs to them, they have been
taken as normal and the extraordinary abnormality of the marsupial urogenital sys-
tem has sufficed to keep marsupials as a single order. Had we known the marsupials
first and especially if we had belonged to them, they would have been classified in
several orders, and no doubt the abnormality of the eutherian genitalia would have
sufficed to keep the numt>er of eutherian orders much lower than at present (Cain,
1959, p. 214).

Ride (1964a, p. 98) has justly argued that when Simpson proposed his classifi-
cation of the Marsupialia in 1930 there did not seem to be good reason for
grouping the six superfamilies at a higher level. Since then, fossils of about the
right age and with suitable characters to provide a transitional stage between the
superfamilies Didelphoidea and Borhyaenoidea have been discovered (e.g.,
Patene). Ride continued that if the Dasyuroidea were added to these, the argu-

12 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

ment that Dasyuroidea, Didelphoidea, and Borhyaenoidea form a single unit
comparable with the eutherian Carnivora would become even stronger.

Most authors regard the modern Dasyuroidea as not very greatly modified descen-
dants of the original didelphoid invaders of Australia and, since Phalangeroidea at
least (and also the Perameloidea) warrant ordinal status by comparison vdth Eutheria
(Ride, 1964a, p. 99),

he took the step of proposing four orders of Marsupialia.

In his classification. Ride did not discard the six superfamilies of Simpson,
but, in an attempt to emphasize the breadth of the whole radiation, he grouped
(1964a, p. 99) these as follows:

Infraclass Metatheria
Superorder Marsupialia
Order Marsupicarnivora
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Superfam. Borhyaenoidea
Superfam. Dasyuroidea
Fam. Dasyuridae
Fam. Thylacinidae
Order Paucituberculata
Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Fam. Caenolestidae
Fam. Polydolopidae
Order Peramelina
Superfam. Perameloidea
Fam. Peramelidae
Order Diprotodontia
Superfam. Phalangeroidea
Fam. Phalangeridae
Fam. Wynyardiidae
Fam. Vombatidae
Fam. Diprotodontidae
Fam. Macropodidae
Marsupialia incertae sedis

Fam. Notoryctidae

The probable phylogenetic relationships of the orders proposed by Ride (1962a,
1964a) were established on the basis of five key features of living forms (see Ride,
1962a, fig. 10).

Based largely upon serological data, although taking into account other infor-
mation as well, Kirsch (1968a) proposed a new classification for the Marsupialia.
He followed Ride (1964a) in recognizing several orders, for Ride's reasons (as
outlined above) and also because this makes available a greatly expanded hierar-
chy for showing supposed relationships. The classification proposed by Kirsch
(1968a, p. 420) follows:

Superorder Marsupialia
Order Polyprotodonta
Suborder Didelphimorphia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Superfam. Borhyaenoidea
Suborder Dasyuromorphia
Superfam. Dasyuroidea
Fam. Dasyuridae
Subfam. Dasyurinae

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 13

Subfam. Mynnecobiinae
Fam. Thylacinidae
Suborder Peramelemorphia
Superfam. Perameloidea
Fam. Peramelidae
Subfam. Peramelinae
Subfam. Thylacomyinae
Polyprotodonta hicertae sedis
Fam. Notoryctidae
Order Paucitubercuiata

Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Order Diprolodonta

Superfam. Vombatoidea
Fam. Vombatidae
Fam. Phascolarctidae
Superfam. Phalangeroidea
Fam. Phalangeridae
Subfam. Phalangerinae
Subfam. Trichosurinae
Fam. Wynyardiidae
Fam. Petauridae
Subfam. Petaurinae
Subfam. Pseudocheirinae
Fam. Burramyidae
Fam. Thylacoleonidae
Fam. Macropodidae
Subfam. Macropodinae
Subfam. Sthenurinae
Subfam. Potoroinae
Fam. Diprolodontidae
Subfam. Diprolodontinae
Subfam. Nototheriinae
Subfam. Palorchestinae
Subfam. Zygomaturinae
Phalangeroidea hicertae sedis

Dactylopsila, Distoechurus
Superfam. Tarsipedoidea
Fam. Tarsipedidae

In the scheme proposed by Kirsch, the Australasian diprotodonts (Di-
protodontia) and the South American caenolestoids (Paucitubercuiata) represent
distinct orders. In spite of the separation of Australasian and American Mar-
supialia on serology and sperm morphology, Kirsch agreed with Ride that it was
"useful" to place the American polyprotodonts (i.e., Didelphoidea and
Borhyaenoidea) and the dasyuroids (Dasyuroidea) in a single order, Poly-
protodontia. Kirsch believed that there were compelling reasons for including
the perameloids in the Polyprotodontia, and he did not separate them from it as
did Ride. To show the breadth of the order Polyprotodontia, Kirsch recognized
suborders in it, but not in the Paucitubercuiata and Diprotodontia. Gill's (1872)
names Didelphimorphia and Dasyuromorphia were available for two of the
suborders, and for the third Kirsch proposed the name Peramelemorphia.

Kirsch did not then offer opinions on the organization of the American mar-
supials below the level of superfamily. He did, however, considerably reor-
ganize the Australasian Diprotodontia. He placed Tarsipes in a monotypic super-
fanuly Tarsipedoidea. This move was a compromise between the serological
results that suggested Tarsipes was as distinct from phalangeroids as it was from

14 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

dasyuroids and perameloids and the occurrence in Tarsipes of diprotodonty,
syndactyly, and a superficial thymus gland, which seemed to remove all doubts
that Tarsipes is a true phalangeroid. Kirsch restricted the superfamily Phalan-
ge roidea to include the possums, kangaroos, and several extinct groups (the
Diprotodontidae, tentatively). The possums were reorganized into three families
based in serology, cytology (Sharman, 1961), and sperm morphology (Hughes,
1965). Kirsch considered Dadylopsila, Distoechurus, and Notoryctes as aberrant,
and their affiniHes with other marsupials conjectural.

Simpson (1970a, 1971) presented excellent reviews of the suprageneric groups
of South American Marsupialia, fossil and Recent. His proposed classification
was traditional in that a single order Marsupialia and three South American
superfamilies were recognized:

Order Marsupialia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Fam. Didelphidae
Subfam. Didelphinae
Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae
Subfam. Sparassocyninae
Fam. Borhyaenidae
Subfam. Borhyaeninae
Subfam. Thylacosmilinae
?Didelphoidea incertae sedis

Fam. Necrolestidae
Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Fam. Caenolestidae
Subfam. Caenolestinae
Subfam. Palaeothentinae
Subfam. Abderitinae
Fam. Polydolopidae
?Caenolestoidea incertae sedis

Fam. Groeberiidae
Superfam. Argyrolagoidea
Fam. Argyrolagidae

As Simpson (1970a) pointed out, there are a number of Recent and fossil
taxa — particularly Necrolestes, Notoryctes, Groeberia, and Tarsipes — that fit only
marginally into the currently recognized superfamilial groupings. He did, how-
ever, add the Argyrolagoidea to the roster of superfamilies, but placed the
Borhyaenidae in the superfamily Didelphoidea "with the clearly ancestral and
similar Didelphidae" (Simpson, 1971, p. 113).

In 1976 Clemens & Marshall presented another classification for non-
Australasian Marsupialia. Three new superfamilies (Polydolopoidea,
Groeberioidea, and Necrolestoidea) were proposed:

Order Marsupialia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Fam. Didelphidae
Subfam. Didelphinae
Subfam. Microbiotheriinae
Subfam. Glasbiinae
Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae
Subfam. Sparassocyninae
Fam. Pediomyidae
Fam. Stagodontidae
Superfam. Borhyaenoidea
Fam. Borhyaenidae

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 1 5

Subfam. Borhyaeninae
Subfam. Thylacosmilinae
SujH'rfam. Argyrolagoidea

Fam. Argyrolagidae
Superfam. Necrolestoidea

Fam. Necrolestidae
Superfam. Caenolcstoidea
Fam. Caenolestidae
Subfam. Caenolestinae
Subfam. Palaeothentinae
Subfam. Abderitinac
Superfam. Polydolopoidea

Fam. Polydolopidae
Superfam. Groeberioidea
Fam. Groeberiidae

In polydolopoids the sectorial, bladelike tooth is the last premolar and not the
first molar, as is the case in those caenolestids with plagiaulacoid (see Simpson,
1933) dentitions (Paula Couto, 1952b; Pascual & Herrera, 1973). Evolution of
plagiaulacoid teeth is thus a convergent feature in these lineages, and there is no
convincing evidence that the polydolopoids are any closer phylogenetically to
caenolestids than they are to didelphids. For these reasons, the new superfamily
Polydolopoidea was proposed.

There appeared to be several advantages in placing Groeberia and Necrolestes in
separate superfamilies. This action recognized the phylogenetically isolated
positions of these taxa and seemed a better expression of the diversity within the
Marsupialia. Also, Clemens & Marshall returned to Simpson's earlier classifica-
tion of 1945 and maintained the superfamily Borhyaenoidea.

In addition to recognizing diversity, these changes balance the classification of the
f>oorly-known but very distinct side branches, and leave the Didelphoidea and
Caenolestoidea uncluttered and cohesive groups (Clemens & Marshall, 1976, p. 10).

The most recent attempt to classify all fossil and living Marsupialia at a supra-
generic level is by Kirsch (1977b). His classification is again based largely on
serological data (see Kirsch, 1968a), but it incorporates consideration of cytologi-
cal and some anatomical information as well. This work is clearly the most
comprehensive and synthetic treatment of this subject to date. The scheme
propt^ed by Kirsch (1977b, p. Ill) follows:

Superorder Marsupialia
Order Polyprotodonta
Sut)order Didelphimorphia
Superfam. Didelphoidea
Fam. Didelphidae
Subfam. Didelphinae
Subfam. Caluromyinae
Subfam. Glasbiinae
Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae
Subfam. Sparassocyninae
Fam. Microbiotheriidae
Fam. Pediomyidae
Fam. Stagodontidae
Superfam. Borhyaenoidea
Fam. Borhyaenidae
Subfam. Borhyaeninae
Subfam. Hathlyacyninae
Subfam. Prothylacyninae

16 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Subfam. Proborhyaeninae
Fam. Thylacosmilidae
Fam. Necrolestidae
Fam. Thylacinidae
Suborder Dasyuromorphia
Superfam. Dasyuroidea
Fam. Dasyuridae
Fam. Myrmecobiidae
Suborder Peramelemorphia
Superfam. Perameloidea
Fam. Peramelidae
Fam. Thylacomyidae
Suborder Notoryctemorphia
Superfam. Notoryctoidea
Fam. Notoryctidae
Order Paucituberculata

Superfam. Caenolestoidea
Fam. Caenolestidae
Subfam. Caenolestinae
Subfam. Palaeothentinae
Subfam. Abderitinae
Superfam. Polydolopoidea
Fam. Polydolopidae
?Paudtuberculata
Superfam. Groeberioidea

Fam. Groeberiidae
Superfam. Argyrolagoidea
Fam. Argyrolagidae
Order Diprotodonta

Superfam. Vombatoidea
Fam. Vombatidae
Fam. Phascolarctidae
Superfam. Phalangeroidea
Fam. Phalangeridae
Subfam. Phalangerinae
Subfam. Trichosurinae
Fam. Ektopodontidae
Fam. Petauridae
Subfam. Petaurinae
Subfam. Pseudocheirinae
Subfam. Dactylopsilinae
Fam. Burramyidae
Fam. Thylacoleonidae
Fam. Macropodidae
Subfam. Macropodinae
Subfam. Sthenurinae
Subfam. Potoroinae
Fam. Diprotodontidae
Subfam. Nototheriinae
Subfam. Diprotodontinae
Subfam. Palorchestinae
Subfam. Zygoma turinae
Superfam. Tarsipedoidea

Fam. Tarsipedidae
Superfam. Wynyardioidea
Fam. Wynyardiidae

This classification is similar to that proposed in his 1968 paper, with the fol-
lowing notable differences. A new subfamily, the Caluromyinae, is proposed for
inclusion of the living didelphid genera Caluromys, Caluromysiops, and Glironia.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 17

Four subfamilies of Borhyaenidae are recognized following the study by Mar-
shall (1978a), and the saber-tooth marsupials are placed in a distinct family, the
Thylacosmilidae, following Marshall (1976a). The enigmatic South American
fossil Necrolestes, family Necrolestidae, is placed in the Borhyaenoidea following
the conclusions of Patterson (1958), and the Australasian family Thylacinidae is
placed in the Borhyaenoidea following Archer (e.g., 1976b, c). The superfamilies
Groeberioidea and Polydolopoidea are recognized following Clemens & Mar-
shaU (1976).

For the Australasian forms, the marsupial mole, Notorydes, is placed in a
monotypic suborder, Notoryctemorphia, in the order Polyprotodontia. Ektopo-
don Stirton, Tedford, & Woodbume (1%7), described originally as possibly a
monotreme, is now recognized as a marsupial (see Woodbume & Tedford, 1975)
and is placed in the family Ektopodontidae, superfamily Phalangeroidea. Dac-
tylopsila is placed in a new petaurid subfamily Dactylopsilinae; Distoechurus is
placed in the Burramyidae; and the fossil Wynyardia is placed in a monotypic
superfamily, the Wynyardioidea. Last, two families of perameloids, Peramelidae
and Thylacomyidae, are recognized.

Only five new suprageneric ranks have been proposed subsequent to Kirsch's
study. Crochet (1979) recognized two tribes for the subfamily Didelphinae, the
Didelphini and Peradectini; Marshall (1980) recognized the tribes Pichipilini,
Parabderitini, and Abderitini in the family Caenolestidae.

As noted above, a large number of names are available for taxonomic groups
between the rank of Marsupialia and family. Although these and other names
will not be considered further, they, their authorship, and their previous usage
are summarized as follows:

EOMETATHERIA Simpson, 1970a, p. 38— rank not originally spedfied, but suggested to

include all Australasian forms.
HESPEROMETATHERIA Simpson, 1970a, p. 38— rank not originally spedfied, but

suggested to include all American and European forms.
Cohort MARSUPIATA Turnbull, 1971, p. 176 (=01d Metatheria or Marsupialia).
Order MARSUPIALIA lUiger, 1811, p. 75 (=E)idelphia de BlainviUe, 1816, p. 109) (MAR-
SUPIALIA has also been used as a Superorder (e.g.. Ride, 1964a, p. 99; Kirsch, 1977b, p.

Ill) and Supercohort (McKenna, 1975, p. 40)].
Order MARSUPICARNIVORA Ride, 1964a, p. 99.
Order DIPROTODONTIA Owen, 1866.
Order POLYPROTODONTIA Owen, 1866.
Order PERAMELINA Gray, 1825, p. 340.
Order PAUCITUBERCULATA Ameghino, 1894, p. 332 (=ASYNDACTYUA Thomas,

1895b, p. 870).
Order MICROBIOTHERIA Ameghino, 1889, p. 263.
Suborder DIDELPHIMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26.
Suborder DASYUROMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26.
Suborder PERAMELEMORPHIA Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420.
Suborder NOTORYCTEMORPHIA Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112.

•Superfam. ARGYROLAGOIDEA (Ameghino, 1904, p. 255) Simpson, 1970a, p. 3.
•Superfam. BORHYAENOIDEA (Ameghino, 1894, p. 371) Simpson, 1930, p. 9 (induding

SPARASSODONTA Ameghino, 1894, p. 364).
Superfam. CAENOLESTOIDEA (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Osbom, 1910, p. 517.
Superfam. DASYUROIDEA (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Simpson, 1930, p. 9

(CREOPHAGA Haeckel, 1866, p. dvii; DASYUROMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26).
Superfam. DIDELPHOIDEA (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Osborn, 1910, p. 515 (including

CECILIOLEMUROIDEA Weigelt, 1933, p. 145; ENTOMOPHAGA Owen, 1859, p. 52;

PEDIMANA Haeckel, 1866, p. cxliii; DIDELPHIMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26).
•Superfam. GROEBERIOIDEA (Patterson, 1952, p. 39) Qemens & Marshall, 1976, p. 10.

18 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

*Fam. Properamelidae Bensley, 1903, p. 192 (hypothetical group that included common

ancestors of syndactylous Australasian taxa).
*Fam. Pronotoryctidae Gregory, 1910, p. 204 (hypothetical group that evolved from Pro-
peramelidae and gave rise to Notoryctidae).
Superfam. NOTORYCTOIDEA (Ogilby, 1892, p. 5) Gregory, 1910, p. 204.
Superfam. PERAMELOIDEA (Gray, 1825, p. 340) Osborn, 1910, p. 516 (=PERAMELINA

Gray, 1825, p. 340).
Superfam. PHALANGEROIDEA (Thomas, 1888, p. 126) Weber, 1928, p. xiii (=CAR-

POPHAGA Owen, 1859, p. 52).
*Superfam. POLYDOLOPOIDEA (Ameghino, 1897, p. 496) Clemens & Marshall, 1976, p.

10.
Superfam. TARSIPEDOIDEA (Gervais & Verreaux, 1842, p. 1) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420.
Superfam. VOMBATOIDEA (Iredale & Troughton, 1934, p. 33) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 419

(=PHASCOLOMYDA Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxii, 444, RHIZOPHAGA Owen, 1859, p.

52).
Superfam. WYNYARDIOIDEA (Osgood, 1921, p. 138) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 113.

The classification of the families and genera of Marsupialia that follows is
divided into tw^o parts — I. New World and European, and II. Australasian. The
families, subfamilies, and tribes are listed in an order that roughly goes from
most generalized to most specialized, although this arrangement is not exact nor
does it necessarily represent any sound phylogenetic sequence. The genera are
listed in alphabetical order. Notes are used freely to help clarify spelling, rank
usage, synonymies, and/or to list significant or recent papers dealing with the
distribution (geographic or temporal) and/or taxonomic usage of a particular
rank or name. Fossil taxa are marked with, an asterisk (*), and their known
distributions in time are recorded. For the European, North American, and
South American fossils the Provincial Land Mammal Ages are also listed. Land
Mammal Ages are not yet recognized in Australia. Last, the most commonly
used and/or diagnostic vernacular names are given for living genera.

The following abbreviations are used for geologic occurrence:

E.
M.

Early
Medial

L.

Late

Cretac.

Cretaceous

Paleoc.

Paleocene

Eoc.

Eocene

Olig.
Mioc.

Oligocene
Miocene

Plioc.

Pliocene

Pleist.

Pleistocene

R.

Recent

abbrevia
Aus.

itions are used for geographic distribu
Australia

Eu.
C.A.

N.A.

Europe

Central America (including Mexico)

North America

S.A.

South America

Tas.

Tasmania

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 19

PARTB

DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILIES
AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA

I. New World and European Marsupialia

Fam. Didelphidae Gray, 1821, p. 308 [including Chironectida Haeckel, 1866, p.
civii; Chironectidae (Anon.) 1897, fide Palmer, 1904, p. 734; Ceciliolemuridae
Weigelt, 1933, p. 146; Genuina Eichwald, 1831, p. 373 (partim); Opossina
Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim); Scansoridae Reichenow, 1886, p. 143;
Caroloameghiniidae Ameghino, 1901, p. 353; Monodelphidae Talice et al.,
1960, p. 149]. "Opossums."
Subfam. Didelphinae' (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Simpson, 1927a, p. 5 (=DideI-

phidae Gray, 1821, p. 308) (including Herpetotheriinae Trouessart, 1879, p.

225; Peradectini Crochet, 1979, p. 367; Didelphini Crochet, 1979, p. 368).

"Opossums."

*Albertatherium Fox, 1971, p. 149. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A.

'Alphadon Simpson, 1927b, p. 125. L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Landan), N.A.; L.
Cretac. 2 (?), S.A.

*Amphiperatheriutn^ Filhol, 1879, p. 201 (including Oxygomphius Meyer,
1846, p. 474; ICeciliolemur Weigelt, 1933, p. 146; IMiaotarsioides Weigelt,
1933, p. 143). E. Eoc. (Sparnadan)-L. Mioc. (Sarmatian), Eu.

*Bobbschaefferia Paula Couto, 1970, p. 20 [=Schaefferia Paula Couto, 1952a,
p. 12; nee Schaefferia Absolon, 1900, p. 265 (CoUemb.), nee Sehaefferia
Houlbert, 1918, p. 421 (Lepidoptera)). L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
Chironeetes** Illiger, 1811, p. 76 {=Memina Fischer, 1813, p. 579; Cheiro-
nectes Gray, 1821, p. 308; Gamba Liais, 1872, p. 329). E. Plioc.
(Montehermosan)*-R., S.A.; R., C.A. "Yapok or Water Opossum."

*Coonfl'" Simpson, 1938, p. 1. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.

*Derorhynchu$ Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 13. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
Didelphis'''* Linnaeus, 1758, p. 54 (including Didelphys Schreber, 1778, p.
532; Opossum Schmid, 1818, p. 115; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819, p. 429;
Dasyurolherium Liais, 1872, p. 331; Gambatherium Liais, 1872, p. 331;
Thylacotherium Lund, 1839, p. 223, nee Thylacotherium Valenciennes,
1838, p. 580; Leueodelphis Ihering, 1914, p. 347; Leueodidelphys Krum-
biegel, 1941, p. 34; *Dimerodon Ameghino, 1889, pp. 277, 282). M. Pleist.
(Ensenadan)-R., S.A.; R., C.A.; L. Pleist. (Irvingtonian)'''-R., N.A.
"Common Opossums" or "Zarigueyas."

*Didelphopsis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.

*Entomacodon Marsh, 1872, p. 214 (?including 'Cetitraeodon Marsh, 1872,
p. 215). M. Eoc. (Bridgerian), N.A.

20 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

*Ga\/lordia Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 16 (including *Xenodelphis Paula Couto,

1962, p. 160). L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Guggenheimia Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 11. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Herpetotherium Cope, 1873, p. 1. E. Eoc. (Wasatchian)-E. Mioc. (Heming-

fordian), N.A.
*Hondadelphys Marshall, 1976b, p. 405. M. Mioc. (Friasian), S.A.
* Hyper didelphys^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 262 (including Paradidelphys

Ameghino, 1904, p. 263; and Cladodidelphys Ameghino, 1904, p. 264). L.

Mioc. (Huayquerian)-L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A.
Lestodelphys^'' Tate, 1934, p. 154 [=Notodelphys Thomas, 1921, p. 137, nee

Notodelphys Allman, 1847, p. 2 (copepod), nee Lichtenstein & Weinland,

1854, p. 373 (Anura)]. E. Pleist. (Uquian)-R., S.A. "Patagonian Opos-
sum."
Lutreolina^^ Thomas, 1910b, p. 247 [=Peramys Matschie {nee Lesson),

1916a, p. 259]. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)<'-R., S.A. "Thick-tailed Opos-
sum" or "Comadreja Colorada."
Marmosa^ Gray, 1821, p. 308 [including Asagis Gloger, 1842, p. 82;

Notogogus Gloger, 1842, p. 82; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854, p. 138;

Cuica Liais, 1872, p. 329; Quiea Cabrera, 1957, p. 12 (misprint for Cuica

Liais); Marmosops Matschie, 1916c, p. 262]. M. Mioc. (Friasian)-R., S.A.;

R., C.A. "Murine opossums" or "Achocayas."
*M.armosopsis Paula Couto, 1962, p. 157. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
Metachirus^^ Burmeister, 1854, p. 135 (as a subgenus, considered a genus

by Burmeister, 1856, p. 69). L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R., S.A.; R., C.A.

"Pouchless four-eyed Opossum" or "Brown four-eyed Opossum."
Micoureus^ Lesson, 1842, p. 186. L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R., S.A. "Large

murine opossums."
*Mimoperadectes Bown & Rose, 1979, p. 90. E. Eoc. (Clarkforkian and early

Wasatchian), N.A.
*Minusculodelphis Paula Couto, 1962, p. 161. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Mirandatherium Paula Couto, 1952c, p. 503 [^Mirandaia Paula Couto,

1952a, p. 22, nee Mirandaia Travassos, 1937, p. 360 (Vermes)]. L. Paleoc.

(Riochican), S.A.
Monodelphis Burnett, 1830, p. 351 {=Peramys Lesson, 1842, p. 187) (in-
cluding Minuania Cabrera, 1919, p. 43; Hemiurus Gervais, 1855, p. 101;

Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856, p. 83; Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916c, p.

261). L. Mioc. (Chasicoan)^-R., S.A. "Short-tailed Opossums."
*Monodelphopsis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 24. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Nanodelphys McGrew, 1937, p. 452 (including Didelphideetes Hough, 1961,

p. 225). M. Eoc. (Uintan)-M. Mioc. (Barstovian),'' N.A.
*Paehybiotherium Ameghino, 1902b, p. 123. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian), S.A.
*Peradectes^ Matthew & Granger, 1921, p. 2 (including Thylaeodon Matthew

& Granger, 1921, p. 2). L. Cretac. (Landan)-E. Eoc. (Wasatchian),

N.A.; E. Eoc. (Sparnacian), Eu.; L. Cretac. (?), S.A.
*Peratherium^ Aymard, 1850, p. 81 (including Alaeodon Quinet, 1964, p.

273). E. Eoc. (Spamadan)-L. Olig. (Stampian), Eu.

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 21

Philander" Tiedemann, 1808, p. 426 (including Metachirops Matschie,
1916a, p. 262; Holothylax Cabrera, 1919, p. 47; Metacherius Sanderson,
1949, p. 787). E. Plioc. (Montehermosan)8-R., S.A.; R., C.A. "Pouched
four-eyed Opossums" or "Gray" and "Black four-eyed Opossums."

*Protodidelphis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 5. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.

*Stembergia Paula Couto, 1970, p. 30. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
77»ytemys» Gray, 1843, p. 101. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan)-R., S.A. "Small
murine opossums."

*Thylathendium Reig, 1952, p. 125. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-L. Plioc,
(Chapadmalalan), S.A.

*Thylophorops Reig, 1952, p. 124. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan)-E. Pleist.
(Uquian), S.A.

*Zygolestes* Ameghino, 1898, p. 243. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A.
Subfam. Caluromyinae Kirsch, 1977b, p. 111.

Caluromys Allen, 1900, p. 189 {=Philander Burmeister, 1856, p. 74, nee
Philander Tiedemann, 1808, p. 426) (including Mallodelphys Thomas,
1920a, p. 195n (as a subgenus, considered a genus by Miranda Ribeiro,
1936, p. 328)]. L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R.,S.A.; R., C.A. "Woolly Opos-
sums."

Caluromysiops Sanborn, 1951, p. 473. R., S.A. "Black-shouldered Opos-
sum."

G/iroma*" Thomas, 1912, p. 239. R., S.A. "Bushy-tailed Opossum."
•Subfam. Glasbiinae Clemens, 1966, p. 24.

^Glasbius Clemens, 1966, p. 24. L. Cretac. (Landan), N.A.

•Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae (Ameghino, 1901, p. 353) Clemens, 1966, p. 34
(=Caroloameghiniidae Ameghino, 1901, p. 353).
*Caroloameghinia Ameghino, 1901, p. 354. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
•Subfam. Sparassocyninae Reig, 1958a, p. 249.

*Sparassocynus** Mercerat, 1898, p. 59 [including Perazoyphium Cabrera,
1928, p. 335; Gerazoyphus L. Kraglievich, 1934, p. 30 (misprint of
Perazoyphium)]. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Pleist. (Uquian), S.A.
Tam. Pediomyidae* (Simpson, 1927a, p. 6) Clemens, 1966, p. 34 (=Pediomyinae
Simpson, 1927a, p. 6).

*Aquiladelphis Fox, 1971, p. 155. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A.
*Pediomys Marsh, 1889a, p. 89 (including Synconodon Osborn, 1898, p. 171;
Protolambda Osborn, 1898, p. 172). L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Landan), N.A.;
L. Cretac. (?), 2 S.A.
*Fam. Microboitheriidae Ameghino, 1887, p. 6 (=Microbiotheriinae Simpson,
1929, p. 116) (induding Clenialitidae Ameghino, 1909, p. 204).

Dromiciops^'* Thomas, 1894, p. 186. R., S.A. "Monito del Monte."
*Microbiotherium*^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 6 [including Oligobiotherium
Ameghino, 1902b, p. 124; Clenia^^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 260; Clenialites
Ameghino, 1906, p. 422; S4iaobiotheridion Ringuelet, 1953, p. 280; Had-
rorhynchus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 311; Eodidelphys Ameghino, 1891b, p.
310; Prodidelphys Ameghino, 1891b, p. 310; Proteodidelphys Ameghino,

22 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

1898, p. 187; Stylognathus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 309; Phonocdromus
Ameghino, 1894, p. 355 (partim)]. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.
(Santacrucian), S.A.

*Fam. Stagodontidae Marsh, 1889b, p. 178 (=Thlaeodontidae Cope, 1892, p.
760; Didelphodontinae Simpson, 1927b, p. 124; Thlaeodontinae Hay, 1930, p.
390).

*Boreodon^^ Lambe, 1902, p. 79. L. Cretac. (Judithian), N.A.
*Delphodon Simpson, 1927b, p. 127. L. Cretac. (Lancian), N.A.
*Didelphodon^^ Marsh, 1889a, p. 88 (including D/de/;7/io^s Marsh, 1889a, p.
88, inserted errata; Stagodon Marsh, 1889b, p. 178; Thlaeodon Cope, 1892,
p. 759; Edoconodon Osborn, 1898, p. 171; Diaphorodon Simpson, 1927b,
p. 127). L. Cretac. (Edmontonian-Lancian), N.A.
*Eodelphis Matthew, 1916, p. 482. L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Judithian), N.A.

*Fam. Borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 371 (including Amphiproviverridae
Ameghino, 1894, pp. 333n, 389; Acyonidae'^ Ameghino, 1889, p. 894; Cladic-
tidae Winge, 1923, p. 77; Hathliacynidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 382; Prothylacy-
nidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 377; Sparassodontidae Roger, 1896, p. 16; Pro-
borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1897, p. 501; Cladosictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131;
Conodonictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131).

*Subfam. Hathlyacyninae (Ameghino, 1894, p. 382) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112 (in-
cluding Acyonidae Ameghino, 1889, p. 894; Hathliacynidae Ameghino,
1894, p. 382; Amphiproviverridae Ameghino, 1894, pp. 333n, 389; Cladic-
tidae Winge, 1923, p. 77; Cladosictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131; Cladosic-
tinae Cabrera, 1927, p. 273).
*Anathenum Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 (including An/o« Ameghino, 1887, p. 8).

L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Borhyaenidium Pascual & Bocchino, 1963, p. 101. L. Mioc. (Huayquer-

ian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A.
*Chasicostylus Reig, 1957b, p. 29. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan), S.A.
*CladosicHs Ameghino, 1887, p. 7 (including CladicHs (sic) Winge, 1923, p.

67; Hathliacynus Ameghino, 1887, p. 7; Agustylus Ameghino, 1887, p. 7;

Ictioborus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 315). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.

(Santacrucian), S.A.
*Notictis Ameghino, 1889, p. 911. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian), S.A.
*Notocynus Mercerat, 1891b, p. 81. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A.
*Notogale Loomis, 1914, p. 216. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A.
*Patene Simpson, 1935a, p. 3 {including Ischyrodidelphis Paula Couto, 1952a,

p. 9). L. Paleoc. (Riochican)-E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Perathereutes Ameghino, 1891b, p. 313. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Prodadosictis Ameghino, 1902c, p. 46. M. Eoc. (Mustersan), S.A.
*Pseudonotictis Marshall, 1981, p. 19. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Sipaloc}/on Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 [including Amphithereutes Ameghino,

1935, p. 108; Thylacodidis Mercerat, 1891a, p. 54; Protoproviverra

Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312, nee Lemoine, 1891, p. 279 (Creodonta); Am-

phiproviverra Ameghino, 1891c, p. 397n to replace Protoproviverra

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND G ENERA OF MARSUPIALI A 23

Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santa-
crucian), S.A.
•Subfam. Borhyaeninae (Ameghino, 1894, p. 371) Cabrera, 1927, p. 273 (in-
cluding Borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 371; Sparassodontidae Roger,
18%, p. 16; Conodonictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131).
*Acroa/on Ameghino, 1887, p. 8. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (San-

tacrucian), S.A.
* Angelocabrerus Simpson, 1970b, p. 2. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Arctodictis Mercerat, 1891a, p. 51. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.

(Santacrucian), S.A.
*Argyrolestes Ameghino, 1902c, p. 48. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Borhyaaia Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 (including Dynamictis Ameghino, 1891a,
p. 148; Couodonictis Ameghino, 1891b, p. 314; Pseudoborhyacna Ame-
ghino, 1902b, p. 125). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. MicK. (Santa-
crucian), S.A.
*Eutemnodus Burmeister, 1885, p. 97 (including Apcra Ameghino, 1886, p.

13). L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A.
*Nemolestes Ameghino, 1902c, p. 48. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Parahyaenodon Ameghino, 1904, p. 266. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A.
*Pharsophorus Ameghino, 1897, p. 502. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A.
*Plesiofelis Roth, 1903, p. 156. M. Eoc. (Mustersan), S.A.
•Subfam. Prothylacyninae'" (Ameghino, 1894, p. 377) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1211
(=Prothylacynidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 377).
*Lycopsis Cabrera, 1927, p. 295. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian)-M. Mioc. (Fria-

sian),'»«S.A.
*Prothylacynus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312 (including Prolhylacocyon Winge,
1923, p. 67; Napodonictis Ameghino, 1894, p. 380). E. Mioc. (Santacru-
cian), S.A.
*Pseudolycopsis Marshall, 1976e, p. 291. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan), S.A.
*Pseudothylacynus Ameghino, 1902b, p. 127. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian),

S.A.
*Stylocynus Mercerat, 1917, p. 20. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian), S.A.
•Subfam. Proborhyaeninae (Ameghino, 1897, p. 501) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1211
(including Proborhyaenidae Ameghino, 1897, p. 501; Arminiheringiidae
Ameghino, 1902a, p. 'i\6mm\en nudum, 1902c, p. 44).
*Armimheringia Ameghino, 1902c, p. 44 (including Dilestes Ameghino,

1902c, p. 46). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Proborhyacna Ameghino, 1897, p. 501. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A.
•Fam. Thylacosmilidae (Riggs, 1933, p. 65) Marshall, 1976a, p. 8 (=Thylacos-
milinae Riggs, 1933, p. 65).

*Achlysictis Ameghino, 1891a, p. \47 {induding Acrohyaenodon Ameghino,
1904, p. 267). L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan),
S.A.
*Hyaenodonops Ameghino, 1908, p. 423. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A.

*Notosmilus Kraglievich, 1960, p. 55. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A.

24 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

*Thylacosmilus Riggs, 1933, p. 61. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Mon-
tehermosan), S.A.

Tam. Argyrolagidae Ameghino, 1904, p. 255 (including Microtragulidae Reig,
1955b, p. 61).

*Argyrolagus^'^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 255. Plioc. (Montehermosan-
Chapadmalalan), S.A.

*Microtragulus Ameghino, 1904, p. 191. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Pleist.
(Uquian), S.A.

Fam. Caenolestidae"*'^^ Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205 (including Epanorthidae
Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 270; Abderitesidaei^ (sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268,
269; Garzonidae Ameghino, 1891b, pp. 304, 307; Decastidae Ameghino,
1893b, p. 79; Palaeothentidae Osgood, 1921, pp. 143, 151).
Subfam. Caenolestinae^^ (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Sinclair, 1906, p. 416
(=Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205, sensu stricto; Caenolestini Winge,
1923, p. 84) (including Garzonidae Ameghino, 1891b, p. 304).
Tribe Caenolestini (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Winge, 1923, p. 84. ^^
Caenolestes'*^ Thomas, 1895a, p. 367 [=Hyracodon Tomes, 1863, p. 50, nee
Hyracodon Leidy, 1856, p. 91 (Perissodactyla)]. R., S.A. "Opossum-rat."
Lestoros Oehser, 1934, p. 240 [=Orolestes Thomas, 1917, p. 3, nee Orolestes
MacLachlan, 1895, p. 21 (a dragonfly); Cryptolestes Tate, 1934, p. 154, nee
Cryptolestes Ganglbauer, 1899, p. 608 (a subgenus of beetles)]. R., S.A.
"Opossum-rat."
*Pseudhalmarhiphus Ameghino, 1899, p. 7. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A.
*Stilotheriuni^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 7 (including Garzonia Ameghino, 1891b,
p. 307; Halmarhiphus^^ Ameghino, 1891b, p. 308; Parhalmarhiphus^''
Ameghino, 1894, p. 356). E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A.
Rhyneholestes Osgood, 1924, p. 169. R., S.A. "Chilean Opossum-rat."
*Tribe Pichipilini Marshall, 1980, p. 40.^5
*Pliolestes^^ Reig, 1955b, p. 66. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan)-E. Plioc. (Monteher-

mosan), S.A.
*Phonoedromus Ameghino, 1894, p. 355. E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A.
*Piehipilus Ameghino, 1890, p. 155. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.
(Santacrudan), S.A.
* Subfam. Palaeothentinae Sinclair, 1906, p. 417 [including Epanorthidae
Ameghino, 1889. pp. 268, 270 sensu strieto; Epanorthini Winge, 1923, p. 84
(partim); Decastidae Ameghino, 1893b, p. 79; Epanorthinae Trouessart, 1904,
p. 840; Palaeothentidae Osgood, 1921, pp. 143, 151].
*Aedestis Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 (including Dipilus Ameghino, 1890, p. 153;
Decastis Ameghino, 1891b, p. 305; Callomenus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306).
E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A.
*Palaeothentes^^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 [=Palaeothentes Moreno, 1882, p. 122
{nomen nudum)] (including Epanorthus Ameghino, 1889, p. 271; Essoprion
Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Halmadromus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Hal-
maselus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Palaepanorthus Ameghino, 1902b, p.
123; Metriodromus Ameghino, 1894, p. 342; Metaepanorthus^^ Ameghino,

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 25

1894, p. 348; Paraepanorthus Ameghino, 1894, p. 349; Prepaixorthus
Ameghino, 1894, p. 350; Cladoclinus Ameghino, 1894, p. 358; Pilchenia
Ameghino, 1903, p. 128). E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian),
S.A.

*Subfam. Abderitinae (Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269) Sinclair, 1906, p. 417
[including Abderitesidae {sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269; Epanorthini
Winge, 1923, p. 84 iparUm)].
*Tribe Parabderitini Marshall, 1980, p. 43.
*Parabderites Ameghino, 1902b, p. 121 (including Tideus Ameghino, 1890,
p. 157, nee Tydeus Koch, 1837, table II (Arachnida), nee Sauvage, 1870, p.
23 (Pisces); Tidaeus Ameghino, 1893a, p. 15; Mannodon Ameghino,
1893a, p. 15). E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
•Tribe Abderitini (Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269) Marshall, 1980, p. 47 (= Ab-
deritesidae (sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269).
*Abderites^^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 (including Homunculites Ameghino,

1902b, p. 73). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Pitheculites Ameghino, 1902b, p. 74 (including Eomannodon Ameghino,
1902b, p. 119; Micrabderites Simpson, 1932, p. 6). L. Olig. (Colhuehua-
pian), S.A.

•Fam. Polydolopidae" Ameghino, 1897, p. 4% (including Promysopidae
Ameghino, 1902a, p. 36).

*Amphidolops Ameghino, 1902c, p. 42 (including Anadolops Ameghino,

1903, p. 186). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Epidolops Paula Couto, 1952b, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Eudolops Ameghino, 1897, p. 498 (including Promysops Ameghino, 1902a,
p. 36; Propolymastodon Ameghino, 1903, p. 100). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran),
S.A.

*Polydolops Ameghino, 1897, p. 497 (including PseM(io/ops Ameghino, 1902c,
p. 40; Pliodolops Ameghino, 1902c, p. 41; Orthodolops Ameghino, 1903,
p. 130; Anissodolops Ameghino, 1903, p. 148; Arehaeodolops Ameghino,
1903, p. 150). L. Paleoc. (Riochican)-M. Eoc. (Mustersan),''^ S.A.

*Seumadia Simpson, 1935a, p. 5. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
•Fam. Groeberiidae Patterson, 1952, p. 39.

•Grw*mfl*» Patterson, 1952, p. 39. L. Eoc. (Divisaderan), S.A.
MARSUPIALIA ineertae sedis

*Ideodelphys Ameghino, 1902c, p. 43. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.

*Progar2onia Ameghino, 1904, p. 260. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.

*Eobrasilia Simpson, 1947, p. 2. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
MARSUPIALIA(?)

*Gashtemia Simpson, 1935a, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.

*Holoclemensia Slaughter, 1968b, p. 1306 [=Clemensia Slaughter, 1968a, p.
254, nee Clemensia Packard, 1864, p. 100 (Lepidoptera)].

*Potamotelses Fox, 1972, p. 1483. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A.

*Camptomus" Marsh, 1889a, p. 87. L. Cretac. (Landan), N.A.

26 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

II. Australasian Marsupialia

Fam. Dasyuridae (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Waterhouse, 1838 (fide
Waterhouse, 1841, p. 60) [=Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447; Opos-
sina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim)].

Subfam. Dasyurinae (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Thomas, 1888, p. 253
(=Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) [including Phascogalina
Bonaparte, 1850, p. 1; Phascogalinae Gill, 1872, p. 26; Antechini Murray,
1866, pp. XV, 286; Sarcophilinae Gill, 1872, p. 26].

Tribe Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, p. xxxiii, 447 (=Dasyurini Moeller, 1973a, p.
300).

*Ankotarinja Archer, 1976d, p. 53. M. Mioc, Aus.
Antechinomys^^ Krefft, 1867, p. 434. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Kultarr, Wuhl-

Wuhl."
Antechinus MacLeay, 1841, p. 241 (including Parantechinus Tate, 1947, p.
137; Pseudantechinus Tate, 1947, p. 139). Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas.; R.,
New Guinea. "Antechinus, Dibbler, Mardo."
Dasycercus Peters, 1875, p. 73 [=Chaetocercus Krefft, 1867, p. 434, nee Gray,
1855, p. 22 (Aves); Amperta Cabrera, 1919, p. 65]. Pleist.-R., Aus.
"Mulgara."
Dasyuroides Spencer, 1896, p. 36. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Kowari."
Dasyurus Geoffroy, 1796, p. 469 (including Nasira Harvey, 1841, p. 210,
Dasyurinus Matschie, 1916a, p. 262; Notoctonus Pocock, 1926, p. 1082,
Dasyurops Matschie, 1916a, p. 262; Stictophonus Pocock, 1926, p. 1083,
Satanellus Pocock, 1926, p. 1083). PUoc^^.r., Aus.; R., Tas., New
Guinea. "Native Cat, QuoU, Chuditch, Tiger cat, Satanellus."
*Keeuna Archer, 1976d, p. 64. M. Mioc, Aus.
Murexia Tate & Archbold, 1937, pp. 335n, 339. R., New Guinea.
Myoictis Gray, 1858, p. 112. R., New Guinea.
Neophascogale Stein, 1933, p. 87. R., New Guinea.
Ningaui Archer, 1975, p. 239. R., Aus. "Ningaui."

Phascogale Temminck, 1827, pp. xxiii, 23n, 56 {=Phascologale Lenz, 1831,

pp. 156-157; Ascogale Gloger, 1841, pp. xxx, 83; Tapoa Lesson, 1842, p.

190) (including Phascolictis Matschie, 1916a, p. 263). Pleist.-R., Aus.

"Phascogale, Tuan, Wambenger."

Phascolosorex Matschie, 1916a, p. 263. M. Plioc.-R., New Guinea.

Planigale'^^ Troughton, 1928, p. 282. Plioc.-R., Aus., New Guinea.

"Planigale."
Sminthopsis Thomas, 1887d, p. 503 [=Podabrus Gould, 1845a, p. 79; 1845 b,
text to pi. 47, V. 1, nee Fischer von Waldheim in Westwood, 1840, p. 27
(Coleoptera)]. Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Dunnart."
*Wakamatha Archer & Rich, 1979, p. 309. ?M. Mioc, Aus.
Tribe Sarcophilini (Gill, 1872, p. 26) Moeller, 1973a, p. 300.
*Glaueodon SHrton, 1957a, p. 129. E. Pleist., Aus.

Sarcophilus Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1837, p. 6 {=Ursinus Boitard, 1841, p. 290;
Diabolus Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 400). Pleist. '♦'-R. (now extinct), Aus.;
Pleist.-R., Tas. "Tasmanian Devil."

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 27

Fam. Myrmecobiidae Waterhouse, 1838, fide Waterhouse, 1841, p. 60 |=Am-
bulatoria Owen, 1841a, p. 332; Opossina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim);
Myrmecobiinae Gill, 1872, p. 26).

MymifCoWus'" Waterhouse, 1836, p. 69. L. Pleist.-R., Aus., "Numbat."
*Fam. Thylacinidae Bonaparte, 1838, p. 113 (=ThyIacininae Bensley, 1903, p. 91).
*Thylacinus Temnninck, 1827, p. 60 {=Thylacynu$ Temminck, 1827, p. 23;
Paracyon Gray, 1827, p. 192; Peralopex Gloger, 1841, p. 82). L. Mioc.-R.
(now extinct), Aus.*"; Pleist.-R. (now extinct), Tas.; Plioc.-Pleist., New
Guinea.*^ "Tasmanian wolf."

Fam. Peramelidae*"' (Gray, 1825, p. 340) Waterhouse, 1838, fide Waterhouse,
1841, p. 60 l=Peramelina Gray, 1825, p. 340; Opossina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39
(partim); Syndactylina Wagner, 1855, pp. xiii, 209; Peramelinae Bensley, 1903,
p. 110] (including Choeropodinae Gill, 1872, p. 26).

Chaeropus Ogilby, 1838, p. 25 {=Choeropus Gray m Mitchell, 1839, p. 131).

E. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Pig-footed bandicoot."
Echymipera Lesson, 1842, p. 192 (including Brflc/iymf/Zs Miklouho-MacLay,

1884, p. 713; Anuromeles Heller, 1897, p. 5; Suillomeles Allen & Barbour,

1909, p. 44). R., Aus., New Guinea and surrounding islands. "Rufous

Spiny Bandicoot."
Isoodon Desmarest, 1817, p. 409 {=Thylacis of Simpson, 1945, p. 44 and

others, nee Thylacis Illiger, 1811, p. 76"). Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New

Guinea. "Short-Nosed Bandicoot, Brown Bandicoot, Quenda, Win-

larro."
Microperorycles Stein, 1932, p. 256. R., New Guinea.
Perameles Geoffroy, 1804, p. 56, pi. 44 {=Thylads Illiger, 1811, p. 76; Thylax

Oken, 1816, p. 1128). Plioc.-R., Aus.; R., Tas. "Long-nosed bandicoot.

Barred bandicoot. Marl."
Peroryctes Thomas, 1906, p. 476 (including Omoryctes Tate & Archbold,

1937, p. 352). R., New Guinea.
Rhynchomeles Thomas, 1920b, p. 430. R., New Guinea (Ceram).

Fam. Thylacomyidae" (Bensley, 1903, p. 110) Archer & Kirsch, 1977, p. 23
(=Thylacomyinae Bensley, 1903, p. 110).

*lschnodon Stirton, 1955, p. 249. Plioc., Aus.

MacroHs Reid, 1837, p. 131, nee Dejean, 1834, p. 186, nomai nudum
(Coleoptera) \=Thylaeomys Anon., 1838, p. 747 (nomen nudum); Owen,
1838b, p. 747 (nomen nudum); Thalacomys Blyth, 1840, p. 104 (misprint);
Paragalia Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 401; Peragale''^ Thomas, 1887a, p. 397).
Pleist.-R., Aus. "Rabbit-eared bandicoot, Bilby, Dalgyte, Yallara."

Fam. Notoryctidae Ogilby, 1892, p. 5.

Notoryctes*^ SHrling, 1891, p. 154 \=Psammoryctes Stirling, 1889, p. 158 nee
Psammoryctes Poeppig, 1835, p. 252 (Rodentia); Neoryetes^'' Stirling,
1891, p. 186). R., Aus. "Marsupial mole."

Fam. Phalangeridae Thomas, 1888, p. 126 (=Phalangistadae Gray, 1821, p. 308;
Phalangistidae Owen, 1841a, p. 332; Trichosuridae Flynn, 1911, p. 120).
Subfam. Phalangerinae (Thomas, 1888, p. 126) (including Genuina Eichwald,
1831, p. 373 {partim); Marsupidae Swainson, 1835, p. 391 {partim)].

28 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Phalanger Storr, 1780, p. 33 i=Phalangista Geoffrey & Cuvier, 1795, p. 183;
Coescoes Lacepede, 1799, p. 5; Balantia Illiger, 1811, p. 77; Sipalus Fischer
von Waldheim, 1813, pp. ix, 581; Cuscus Lesson, 1826, p. 150; Ceonyx
Temminck, 1827, p. 10; Ailurops Wagler, 1830, p. 26) (including Eucuscus
Gray, 1862, p. 316; Spilocuscus Gray, 1862, p. 316; Strigoa4scus Gray,
1862, p. 319). E. PHoc.-R., Aus.; R., Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea,
Bismarks, Solomons. "Cuscus."
Subfam. Trichosurinae (Flynn, 1911, p. 120) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112.

Trichosurus Lesson, 1828, p. 333 {=Cercaertus Burmeister, 1837, p. 814;
Psilogrammurus Gloger, 1841, p. 85; Trichurus Wagner, 1843, p. 74).
Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas. "Brush-tailed possum."
Wyulda Alexander, 1919, p. 31. R., Aus. "Scaly- tailed possum."
*Fam. Ektopodontidae Stirton, Tedford & Woodbume, 1967, p. 437.

*Ektopodon Stirton, Tedford & Woodburne, 1967, p. 438. M. Mioc, Aus.
Fam. Petauridae (Gill, 1872, p. 25) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420 (=Petaurina Bonaparte,
1838, p. 112; Petaurinae Gill, 1872, p. 25; Petaurusideae Lesson, 1842, p. 189).
Subfam. Petaurinae Gill, 1872, p. 25.

Gytnnobelideus McCoy, 1867, p. 287 (including *Palaeopetaurus Broom,

1895, p. ii.). Pleist.-R., Aus. "Leadbeater's possum."
Petaurus Shaw & Nodder, 1791, pi. 60 {=Ptilotus Fischer von Waldheim,
1814, p. 512) (including Belideus Waterhouse, 1839, p. 151; Xenochirus
Gloger, 1841, p. xxx, 85; Petaurella Matschie, 1916a, p. 261; Petaurula
Matschie, 1916a, p. 261). Pleist.-R., Aus.; Tas. (introduced); R., New
Guinea. "Yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, squirrel glider."
Subfam. Pseudocheirinae Winge, 1893, p. 99 (=Pseudochirini Winge, 1893,
pp. 89, 100).
Pseudocheirus Ogilby, 1837, p. 457 {=Hepoona Gray, m Grey, 1841, p. 402)
(including Hemibelideus Collett, 1884, p. 385; Pseudocheirops Matschie,
1915, p. 86; Pseudochirulus Matschie, 1915, p. 91; Petropseudes Thomas,
1923, p. 250). Plioc.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Ring-tail pos-
sum."
*Pseudokoala Turnbull & Lundelius, 1970, p. 26. Plioc, Aus.
Schoinobates'''' Lesson, 1842, p. 190 {-Petaurista Waterhouse, 1846, p. 320
nee Link, 1795, p. 52; Petauroides Thomas, 1888, p. 163). Pleist.-R., Aus.
"Greater glider."
Subfam. Dactylopsilinae Kirsch, 1977b, p. 113.

Daetylopsila Gray, 1858, p. 109 (including Daetylonax Thomas, 1910a, p.
610). R., Aus., New Guinea. "Striped possum."
Fam. Burramyidae (Broom, 1898, p. 63) Kirsch, 1968b, p. 45 (=Burramyinae
Broom, 1898, p. 63).

Aerobates Desmarest, 1817, p. 405 {=Cercoptenus Gloger, 1841, p. 44).

Pleist.-R., Aus. "Feather- tail glider."
Burramys^^ Broom, 1895, p. ii. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Mountain pygmy-
possum."
Cereartetus^'' Gloger, ante May, 1841, p. 85 {=Dromicia Gray in Grey, 1841,
p. 401) (including Eudromicia Mjoberg, January, 1916, p. 13; Dromiciella

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 29

Matschie, 1916a, p. 260; Dromidola Matschie, 1916a, p. 260). Pleist.-R.,
Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Dormouse or Pygmy possum."
Distoechurus Peters, 1874, p. 303. R., New Guinea. "Pen-tailed possum."
Fam. Macropodidae*" Gray, 1821, p. 308 (=Macropidae Gray, 1821, p. 308;
Burnett, 1830, p. 351; Halmaturidae Bonaparte, 1831, p. 19; Halmaturini
Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxiii, 445; Marsupidae Swainson, 1835, p. 391 (partim);
Macropodidae Owen, 1839b, p. 19; Dendrolagina Bonaparte, 1850, p. 1;
Kangeroidae Gray, 1858, p. 108; Hypsiprymnoidea Ameghino, 1894, p. 331;
Potoroidae Pearson, 1950, p. 211; Protemnodontidae DeVis, 1883c, p. 221).
Subfam. Macropodinae (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Thomas, 1888, p. 10 (=Mac-
ropodineae Lesson, 1842, p. 193).
Tribe Macropodini (Gray, 1821, p. 308) new rank.
Dendrolagus MuUer& Schlegel, 1839, p. 138. R., Aus., New Guinea. 'Tree

Kangaroo."
Dorcopsis Schlegel & MiiUer, 1842, p. 130. Plioc., Aus.; R., New Guinea.
*Dorcopsoides Woodbume, l%7b, p. 43. L. Mioc., Aus.
Dorcopsulus Matschie, 1916b, p. 57. R., New Guinea.
*Fissuridon Bartholomai, 1973b, p. 365. Pleist., Aus.
*Hadronomas Woodbume, l%7b, p. 83. L. Mioc., Aus.
Lagorchestes''^ Gould, 1841, text to pi. XIL Pleist.-R., Aus. "Hare-

WaUaby."
Lagostrophus Thomas, 1887c, p. 544. R., Aus. "Banded hare- wallaby."
Macropus*^ Shaw & Nodder, 1790, text to pi. XXXIII. {=Gigantom\fs Link,
1794, p. 70; Kangurus Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1795, p. 188; Halmaturus II-
liger, 1811, p. 80; Osphranter*^ Gould, 1842, p. 80; Megaleia''^ Gistel,
1848, p. ix; Gerboides Gervais, 1855, p. 271; Boriogale Owen, 1874a, p.
247; Phascolagus Owen, 1874a, p. 262; Leptosiagon Owen, 1874b, p. 785";
Dendrodorcopsis Rothschild, 1903, p. 414). Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R.,
Tas.; R., New Guinea. "Gray Kangaroo, Red Kangaroo, Euro, Wal-
laroo, Wallaby (in part)."
Onychogalea Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 402. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Nailtail wal-
laby."
Peradorcas Thomas, 1904, p. 226. R., Aus. "Little Rock- Wallaby."
Pe/rogfl/^ Gray, 1837, p. 583. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Rock- Wallaby."
*Prionotemnus Stirton, 1955, p. 252. Plioc. -Pleist., Aus.
*Protemnodon^'* Owen, 1874a, p. 274. Mioc.," Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist.,

Tas.; Plioc., New Guinea.
Setonix Lesson, 1842, p. 194. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Quokka."
*Symptodon DeVis, 1889a, p. 158. Pleist., Aus.

Thylogale Gray, 1837, p. 583. Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas.; R., New
Guinea. "Pademelon."
*Troposodon Bartholomai, 1%7, p. 22. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.
^Ylabularoo Archer, 1979, p. 299. L. Mioc., Aus.

Wallabia^o Trouessart, 1905, p. 834n. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Swamp Wallaby,
Black WaUaby."

30 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

*Tribe Sthenurini (Glauert, 1926, p. 71) new rank (=Sthenuridae Glauert,
1926, p. 71; Sthenurinae Raven, 1929, p. 254).
*Sthenurus^^ (Owen, 1873a, p. 128) Owen, 1874a, p. 265 (including Simo-

sthenurus Tedford, 1966, p. 10). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas.
*Procoptodon^^ (Owen, 1873b, p. 387) Owen, 1874b, p. 786 (including
Pachysiagon Owen, 1874b, p. 784). Pleist., Aus.

Subfam. Potoroinae (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1195 (=Potoridae

Gray, 1821, p. 308; Hypsiprymnidae Owen, 1852, p. 933; Bettongiinae

Bensley, 1903, p. 143; Potoroidae Pearson, 1950, p. 211). "Rat kangaroos."

Tribe Hypsiprymnodontini (Collett, 1887, pp. 833, 906) new rank (=Hypsip-

rymnodontidae Collett, 1887, pp. 833, 906; Hypsiprymni Collett, 1887, p.

830) (=Pleopodidae Owen, 1879, p. 574; Hypsiprymnodontinae Thomas,

1888, p. 4). "Rat kangaroos."

Hypsiprymnodon''^ Ramsay, 1876, p. 33 {=Pleopus Owen, 1877, p. 542).

Plioc.-R., Aus. "Musky rat-kangaroo."
*Propleopus''^ Longman, 1924, p. 20 [=Triclis DeVis, 1888a, p. 8 nee Loew,
1851, p. 17 (Diptera)]. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.
Tribe Potoroini (Gray, 1821, p. 308) new rank.
Aepyprymnus Garrod, 1875, p. 59. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Rufous Bettong, Ruf-
ous rat kangaroo."
Bettongia Gray, 1837, p. 584 (including Bettongiops Matschie, 1916a, p.
264). M. Mioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist. -R., Tas. "Bettong, Tungoo, Woylie,
Boodie."
Caloprymnus Thomas, 1888, p. 114. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Desert Rat Kan-
garoo, Plains rat kangaroo."
Potorous Desmarest, 1804, p. 20 {=Hypsiprymnus Illiger, 1811, p. 79) (in-
cluding Potoroops Matschie, 1916a, p. 264n). Pleist. -R., Aus., Tas.
"Potoroo."

Fam. Tarsipedidae Gervais & Verreaux, 1842, p. 1 (=Tarsipedides Gervais, 1855,
p. 277; Tarsipedina Haeckel, 1866, p. clvii; Tarsipedidae Gill, 1872, p. 25;
Tarsipedinae Thomas, 1888, p. 130).

Tarsipes Gervais & Verreaux,^' 1842 (June), p. 1. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Honey
possum, Noolbenger."

Fam. Vombatidae Burnett, 1830, p. 351 (=Phascolomyda Goldfuss, 1820, pp.
xxii, 444; Phascolomyidae Owen, 1839b, p. 19; Glirina Wiegmann, 1832, p. 52;
Phascolomidae Bonaparte, 1845, p. 6).

Lasiorhinus Gray, 1863, p. 458 (including Wombatula Iredale & Troughton,

1934, p. 35). Pleist. -R., Aus. "Hairy-nosed wombat."
*Phaseolonus Owen, 1872, p. 257 {=Sceparnodon Ramsay, 1881, p. 495).

Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas.
*Ramsayia Tate, 1951b, p. 13. Pleist., Aus.
*Rhizophaseolonus Stirton, Tedford, & Woodburne, 1967, p. 454. M. Mioc,

Aus.
Vombatus Geoffroy, 1803, p. 185 {=Phascolomis Geoffroy, 1803, p. 364).
Pleist. -R., Aus., Tas. "Common Wombat, Naked-nosed wombat."

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 31

•Fam. Diprotodontidae Gill, 1872, p. 26 (including Nototheriidae Lydekker, 1887,
p. 161).

•Subfam. Diprotodontinae (Gill, 1872, p. 26) Stirton, Woodburne, & Plane,
1%7, p. 153 (=DiprotodonHnae Gill, 1872, p. 26).
*Diprotodon^ Owen, 1838a, p. 362 (including Diaraxlon Stephenson, 1963,
p. 622). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. (King Island).
*Subfam. Nototheriinae (Lydekker, 1887, p. 161) Stirton, Wixidburne, & Plane,
1%7, p. 152 ( = Nototheriidae Lydekker, 1887, p. 161).
*Bemathcriuw Tedford, 1%7, p. 232. M. N4ioc., Aus.

*EmmH'ma DeVis, 1891, p. 159-165 [=Oiccma DeVis, 1888b, p. 105 mx
Chiaje, 1844, p. 31 (Annelida) and Prosch, 1849, p. 71 (Cephalopod)).
Plioc., Aus.
*Eunfzygoma Longman, 1921, p. 65. Plioc, Aus.
*Mauscolophus Stirton, 1955, p. 258. Plioc, Aus.
*Nototherium Owen, 1845a, p. 314. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Plioc, New

Guinea.
*Pifraitiios Woodburne, l%7a, p. 57. L. Mioc, Aus.
•Subfam. Zygomaturinae Stirton, Woodburne, & Plane, 1%7, p. 152.

*Kolopsis Woodburne, l%7a, p. 71. L. Mioc, Aus.; Plioc, New Guinea.
*Kolopsoides Plane, 1%7, p. 118. Plioc, New Guinea.
*Neohelos Stirton, l%7b, p. 48. M. Mioc, Aus.
*Plaisiodon Woodburne, l%7a, p. 88. L. Mioc, Aus.
'Raemothcrium Rich et al., 1978, p. 86. M. Mioc, Aus.
*Zygomaturus Owen, 1858a, p. 49 (ex MacLeay, 1857, p. ly^ {=Sinwprosopus
DeVis, 1907, p. 4). L. Mioc, Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas.

*Fam. Diprotodontidae, iucertae sedis

*Brachallctes DeVis, 1883b, p. 190. Plioc, Aus.
"Koalcmus^'' DeVis, 1889b, p. 106. Plioc, Aus.
*Sthenomerus DeVis, 1883a, p. 11. Pleist., Aus.
•Fam. PalorchesHdae (Tate, 1948a, p. 338) Archer & Bartholomai, 1978, p. 4
(=PalorchesHnae Tate, 1948a, p. 338).

*Ngapakaldia Stirton, l%7a, p. 4. M. Mioc, Aus.

*Palorcheste$ (Owen, 1873b, p. 387) Owen, 1874b, p. 797. L. Mioc-Pleist.,

Aus.; Pleist., Tas.
*Pitikantia Stirton, l%7a, p. 30. M. Mioc, Aus.
•Fam. Thylacoleonidae Gill, 1872, p. 26 (=Thylacoleontidae Cope, 1889. p. 876).
*Thylacoleo Owen, 1858b, p. 447 (including Thylacopardus Owen, 1888, p.

215). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. "Marsupial Lion."
•Wflikfl/eo Clemens & Plane, 1974, p. 653. M. Mioc, Aus.
Fam. Phascolarctidae^^ Owen, 1839b, p. 19 (=Phascolarctinae Thomas, 1888, p.
209; Koalidae Burnett, 1830, p. 351).

*Koobor^^ Archer, 1976e, p. 389 Plioc, Aus.

*LHokiiala Stirton, Tedford, & Woodburne, 1%7, p. 446. M. Mioc, Aus.

32 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

*Perikoala Stirton, 1957b, p. 72. M. Mioc, Aus.

Phascolarctos de Blainville, 1816, p. 108 [=Lipurus Goldfuss, 1817, p. civ,
nee Lipura Illiger, 1811, p. 95 (Rodentia); Morodaetylus Goldfuss, 1820, p.
445; Koala Burnett, 1830, p. 351]. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Koala."
*Fam. Wynyardiidae Osgood, 1921, p. 138.

*Natnilamadeta Rich & Archer, 1979, p. 198. M. Mioc, Aus.
*Wynyardia''^ Spencer, 1901, p. 776. E. Mioc, Tas.

NOTES FOR PART B

^Simpson (1927a) proposed a threefold subdivision of the Didelphidae in which he
included all Cenozoic genera in the subfamily Didelphiinae. Later he (1929) redefined the
subdivision through recognition of a fourth subfamily, Microbiotheriinae. After reconsid-
eration of the etymology of the generic name Didelphis, Simpson (1935b) adopted Didelph-
as the stem (see footnote 79) and amended the spelling of the subfamily name to Didel-
phinae.

2See Sige (1971, 1972).

^Crochet (1977a,b, 1979) recently reviewed the European Didelphinae and recognized
three genera — Peradectes, Peratherium, and Amphiperatherium. Peratherium is restricted to
Europe, whereas a closely related form, Herpetotherium ("Peratherium" of most earlier
workers), is recognized in North America. Also see Crochet (1969), Green & Martin (1976),
and Koenigswald (1970).

"See MarshaU (1977a). l"

^See Reig et al. In prep.

*See Simpson (1974).

^The Barstovian specimen is from the Town Bluff locality, Tyler County, Texas (Slaugh-
ter, 1978, p. 745). *Didelphidectes was formally regarded as a junior synonym of *Nanodel-
phys by Crochet (1977b, p. 130).

8See Reig (1957a).

'Slaughter (1978) reports a possible pediomyid from Late Eocene middle Wellborn For-
mation, Polk County, Texas.

^°ln accordance with Articles 27 and 32c of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (Stoll et al., 1961, 1964), the diacritic mark is dropped from the name
originally spelled Codna.

"Ameghino (1906, p. 422; 1909, p. 206) substituted the generic name Clenialites torClenia
Ameghino, 1904, which he said was preoccupied. However, Clenia is not preoccupied, and
in a nominal list this name has priority over Clenialites.

^^"Procedures to be followed in selecting a name for the family to include Didelphodon
vorax are established in Articles 23(d) and 40 of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (1961) and result in recognition of the Stagodontidae" (Clemens, 1966,
p. 56).

"Marshall et al. (1977, 1978) have submitted a proposal to the Commission, requesting
use of its plenary powers to suppress the family-group name Acyonidae Ameghino, 1889,
for the purpose of the Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of Homonymy, and to
place this family-group name on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group
Names in Zoology.

'"Marshall & Tedford (1978) have submitted a proposal to the Commission, requesting
use of its plenary powers to conserve the family-group names Caenolestidae Trouessart,
1898, and Palaeothentidae Sinclair, 1906. These names are to be used over the prior names
Abderitidae Ameghino, 1889, Epanorthidae Ameghino, 1889, Garzonidae Ameghino,
1891b, and Decastidae Ameghino, 1893b (also see Marshall, 1980).

'^The two major evolutionary lineages recognized by Marshall (1976d) within the
Caenolestinae are formally placed by Marshall (1980) in distinct tribes.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 33

**'"Halmarhiphus didelphoides Ameghino, 1891b, is based on four partial mandibles
(MACN A-5716, A-5717, A-5718, A-5719). Of these the first, considered the type in the
collection catalogue, is a typical microbiothere, the sanne is true of the latter two speci-
mens, one of which (A-5718) is figured by Ameghino (1903, p. 157, fig. 80). Specimen
A-5717 is inseparable from Stilotherium dissimile. Halmarhiphus nanus Ameghino, 1891b, is
based on three partial mandibles of which one, A-5720, considered the type in the collec-
tion catalogue, is inseparable from Stilotherium dissimile. Another A-5721, seems to be a
microbiothere, and the third is an edentulous mandibular ramus and may be referred on
the basis of size to Phonocdromus gracilis. . . . the genus Halmarhiphus. therefore, has no
validity" (translated from Reig, 1955b, p. 63).

^''"Garzonia annectens Ameghino 1891b is the genotype of Parhalmarhiphus Ameghino,
1894, according to the catalogue of the Ameghino collection and the original description of
the species. The tyf>e is a left mandibular ramus with Mi-4, which are well preserved and
numbered MACN A-5703. This mandible is inseparable from Stilotherium. . . . However,
the generic diagnosis of Parhalmarhiphus seems to have been obtained from two other
specimens, A-5704 and A-5705, of which the first is an indeterminable caenolestid and the
second a mandible with M3-4 of a microbiothere. Therefore, the genus Parhalmarhiphus
should be invalidated" (translated from Reig, 1955b, p. 63).

'"The generic name spelled both Palaeothentes and Palaeotenthes was listed as a nomen
nudum by Moreno (1882, p. 122). A valid definition was first published by Ameghino (1887,
p. 5) under the name Palaeothentes. In 1889 Ameghino (p. 271) decided that this sp>elling
was "impossible" and that the generic name should have been written Palaeoteuthis and
hence was preoccupied by Palaeoteuthis D'Orbigny (1850, p. 327), a genus of cephalopod.
On these grounds Ameghino (1889, p. 271) proposed the generic name Epanorthus to
replace Palaeothentes Ameghino, 1887. But the spelling Palaeothentes was original, inten-
tional, and ipso facto is correct in nomenclature regardless of its etymology, and it cannot be
preoccupied by the quite different name Palaeoteuthis (see Simpson, 1945, p. 45n). In view
of this Sinclair (1906, p. 416) argued that Epanorthus "can no longer be retained for a genus
either for a genus or to designate a family [Epanorthidae]." There is no possible origin for
the name Palaeothentes. Palmer (1904) gave "thereutes, hunter" as the origin and probably
got that from Ameghino.

"The family-group name Abderitesidae was proposed by Ameghino (1889, pp. 268, 269)
to include the genus Abderites Ameghino, 1887, p. 5. The spelling of this family-group
name was followed by Ameghino (1890, p. 174), although in later works Ameghino (1903,
p. 159; 1906, p. 472) and all other workers used the spelling Abderitidae. For Greek nouns
ending in -tes the stem for forming family-group names is -/, alone (Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964,
p. 133, example 16). Following the Code [Art. 11 (e) (ii) and Art. 29 (a)), Abderitesidae was
an incorrect original spelling, and the change to Abderitidae was a "justified emendation"
(Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964, Art. 33 (a) (i)) and still dates from Ameghino, 1889. The incorrect
spelling Abderitesidae has not been used in any zoological literature for more than 70
years.

*°In accordance with Articles 27 and 32c of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964) the diacritic mark is dropped from the names
originally spelled Metaepanorthus and Paraepanorthus.

^•The name Abderites is supposed to be Greek for "an inhabitant of Abdera" (Palmer,
1904, p. 71), and presumably Palmer got this from Ameghino.

^TTie type of Camptomus, C. amplus, is based on a scapula from the Lance formation of
Wyoming. This specimen may be regarded as therian without question and marsupial
with great probaUlity. Camptomus is probably a synonym of one of the Lance marsupial
genus-group names (see McKenna, 1961, p. 16).

"The African Miocene species Palaeothentoides africanus Stromer, 1932, was at first be-
lieved by its describer to be not only a marsupial, but a caenolestoid and hence with South
American affinities. Butler & Hopwood (1957) and Patterson (1%5) have shown, however,
that this species belongs in the exclusively African placental family Macroscelididae.

'*See Lidicker & Follett (1968, pp. 251-256) for discussion.

"Family group name formed from junior synonym; see Archer & Kirsch (1977).

^^An alternate name suggested by Sdater (in Stirling, 1891, p. 186) to replace Psam-

34 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

morydes, but not adopted by Stirling and apparently never used for any mammal (Palmer,
1904, p. 455).

^mie spelling Cercaertus was attributed to Gloger by Burmeister (1837, p. 814) (see
Palmer, 1904, pp. 171-172). Also see Turnbull & Schram (1973).

^*Some wallaby spedes formerly referred to Protemnodon and Wallabia are included here
based on cytological (Sharman, 1961) and serological (Kirsch, 1968a) evidence. Also see
Ride (1957, 1962b, 1963).

^'Woodburne (1967b, p. 103) records a "?Protemnodont" from the late Miocene, Alcoota
Fauna, of Northern Territory.

^''Including only W. bicolor (Desmarest, 1804, p. 357) following cytological (Sharman,
1961) and serological (Kirsch, 1968a) evidence. For fossil species see Bartholomai (1976).

^'Sometimes attributed to Gray [1842 (March), p. 40] who acknowledged adopting Ger-
vais' (1855) manuscript name.

32W. S. MacLeay published the name in the Sydney Morning Herald in 1857. Owen
characterized it the following year (see G. P. Whitley, 1966).

"See Archer (1976f, 1977c).

^See Archer (1977b).

3SAlso see Archer (1977a).

36See Bartholomai (1963) and Tedford (1966).

37See Bartholomai (1968).

38See Bartholomai (1970).

3^ee Bartholomai (1973a) and Stirton (1963).

'^oSee MarshaU (1977b).

'*'Del Corro's (1977) report of Microbiotherium from Casamayor beds in Argentina is
clearly based on a spedes of Coona.

'•^Richardson & Sharman (1976) regard Osphranter as a subgenus oi Macropus.

«See Archer (1976a).

'•^See Augustiny (1942), Krumbiegel (1940), and Marshall (1978d).

"•^See Bartholomai (1971).

'•^See Bartholomai (1975).

-•^See Bartholomai & Marshall (1973).

-•sSee Calaby et al. (1974) and Gadow (1892).

'•^See Broom (1911), Dederer (1909), and Gregory (1922). The original description of
Caenolestes was given by Tomes (1860, p. 213), although the animal was not named at that
time.

5"For a review of living forms see Frith & Calaby (1969) and Russell (1974).

siSee Archer (1974) and Guiler (1961).

"See Van Deusen (1963) and Plane (1976).

"See Gunson et al. (1968) and Kirsch (1968b).

s^See Hayman et al. (1971).

5sOn the technical and common names of this genus see Hershkovitz (1949, 1976) and
Pine (1973).

s^See Lidicker & Marlow (1970).

"See MarshaU (1977c).

58See MarshaU (1977d).

"See MarshaU (1978b) and Reig (1955a).

«>See MarshaU (1978c).

*'See Martin (1974).

*2See Odreman Rivas (1978).

*^A largely indeterminate spedmen of a polydolopoid is also recorded from the Desea-
dan of Bolivia (see Patterson & MarshaU, 1978).

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 35

"See Pascual & Herrera (1975).

"See Pascual & Herrera (1973).

**See Reig & Simpson (1972) and Simpson (1974).

*'See Simpson (1970c).

*"Also see Simpson (1970d).

»»See Tate (1948b).

~See Tate (1951a) and Archer & Kirsch (1977).

"See Thomas (1887a).

''See Thomas (1887c).

''See Woods (1960).

'*This subfamily has been reviewed by Marshall (1979a).

'»See Wood-jones (1931).

'^Dillon (1963), based on a study of structure of the brain, suggested that the red and
grey kangaroos be classified into separate genera (i.e., Megaleia and Macropus. resf)ec-
tively).

"McKay (1980) designated a neotype for Petaurus australis Shaw, 1791. This move per-
mits maintenance of usage of the names Petaurus and P. australis, although it makes the
name Schoindntes Lesson, 1842, unavailable for the Greater Glider and requires usage of
the name Petauroides Thomas, 1888.

"Probably a nomen dubium (see Clemens, 1979, p. 193).

''"The generic name of the common opossum, . . . was spelled Didelphis by Linnaeus,
1758. This is considered erroneous etymologically, but there is no clear evidence that it was
a typHjgraphical error, and under the Rules (of Zoological Nomenclature) this spelling
should stand. The transliteration Didelphys was first used by Schreber, 1777 |siV., 1778).
The family of which this genus is typical was first named Didelphidae Gray, 1821. Sub-
sequent emendations include Didelphydae Baird, 1857, Didelphididae Gill, 1872, Didel-
phyidae Forbes, 1881, and Didelphiidae Miller & Rehn, 1901. ... I see no reason why
Gray's spelling may not be adopted; it is as correct as any other, is shorter and easier to
pronounce and has priority" (Simpson, 1935b, p. 134).

Linnaeus (1758) applied the name Didelphis in recognition of the fact that the opossum
had a true uterus, in addition to an external "womb" or "pouch." The name Didelphis
being derived from the Greek di, two or double, and -delphys. womb. De Blainville's (1816)
term "les Didelphes," although etymologically the same, was given in reference to the
possession of two distinct, true uteri (Gregory, 1910, p. 199n).

LITERATURE CITED

Absolon, J. 1900. Vorlaufige Mittheilung iiber einige neue Collcmbolen aus den Hohlen des

mahrischen Karstes. Zool. Anz., 23: 265-269.
Air, G. M., E. O. P. Thompson, B. j. Richardson, andG. B. Sharman. 1971. Amino-acid

sequences of kangaroo myoglobin and haemoglobin and the date of marsupial

eutherian divergence. Nature, London, 229: 391-394.
Alexander, W. B. 1919. A new species of marsupial of the sub-family Phalangerinae. J

Roy. Soc. West. Austral., 4: 31-36.
Allen, G. M. and T. Barbour. 1909. A new marsupial from Netherlands' New Guinea

Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: 43-46.
Allen, J. A. 1900. Note on the generic names Didelphis and Philander. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat

Hist., 13: 185-190.
Allman, G. J. 1847. Description of a new genus and species of Entomostraca. Ann. Mag

Nat. Hist., 20(1): 1-9.
Amechino, F. 1886. Contribudones al conocimiento de los mamiferos fbsiles de los ter

renos terdarios antiguos del Parani. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cbrdoba, 9: 1-228.
1887. Enumerad6n sistem^tica de las espedes de mamiferos fbsiles colec-

36 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

donados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenes eocenos de la Patagonia austral y de-
positados en el Museo La Plata. Bol. Mus. de La Plata, 1: 1-26.

.. 1889. Contribucion al conodmiento de los mamiferos fosiles de la Republica

Argentina, obra escrita bajo los auspidos de la Academia Nadonal de Ciendas de la
Republica Argentina para presentarla a la Exposidon Universal de Paris de 1889. Actas
Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 6: 1-1027; atlas, 98 pis.

.. 1890. Los plagiauladdeos argentinos y sus reladones zoologicas, geolo-

gicas, y geograficas. Bol. Inst. Geog. Argent., 11: 143-201.

.. 1891a. Caracteres diagnosticos de dncuenta espedes nuevas de mamiferos

fosiles argentinos. Rev. Arg. Hist. Nat., 1: 129-167.

1891b. Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos

Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Espedes nuevas, adidones y
correcdones. Rev. Arg. Hist. Nat., 1: 289-328.

1891c. Los monos fosiles del Eoceno de la Republica Argentina. Rev. Arg.

Hist. Nat., 1: 383-397.

.. 1893a. Les mamiferes fossiles de la Patagonie australe (with footnotes by E.

Trouessart). Rev. Sd. (Paris), (3)30(1): 13-17.

1893b. Les premiers mammiferes. Relations entre les mammiferes di-

protodontes eocenes de I'Amerique de Nord et ceux de la Republique Argentine. Rev.
gen. Sd. (Paris), 4: 77-81.

.. 1894. Enumeration synoptique des espedes de mammiferes fossiles des

formations eocenes de Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 13: 259-452.

.. 1897. Mammiferes cretaces de I'argentine (Deuxieme contribution a la Con-

naissance de la faune mammalogique des couches a Pyrotherium) . Bol. Inst. Geog. Ar-
gent., 18:406-521.

1898. Sinopsis geologico-paleontologica. Segundo censo de la Republica

Argentina. Pol., Buenos Aires, 1: 112-255.

.. 1899. Sinopsis geologico-paleontologica. Supplemento. Adidones y correc-

dones. La Plata, 13 pp.

1901. Notices preliminaires sur de ongules nouveaux de terrains cretaces de

Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba, Buenos Aires, 16: 349-426.

1902a. L'age des formations sedimentaires de Patagonie. An. Soc. Cien.

Argent., 50: 109-130, 145-165, 209-229 (1900); 51: 20-39, 65-91 (1900); 52: 189-197, 244-250
(1901); 54: 161-180, 220-249, 283-342 (1902).

1902b. Premier contribution a la connaissance de la faune mammalogique

des couches a Colpodon. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 17: 71-141.

1902c. Notice preliminaires sur les mammiferes nouveaux des terrains cre-

taces de Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 17: 5-70.

1903. Los diprotodontes del orden de los plagiaulacoideos y el origen de los

polimastodontes. Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)1: 81-192.

.. 1904. Nuevas espedes de mamiferos cretaceos y terdarios de la Republica

Argentina. An. Soc. Cien. Argent., 56: 193-208 (1903); 57: 162-175, 327-341 (1904); 58:
35-71, 182-192, 225-291 (1904) [also issued as a separate publication, paged consecutively
1-142, Buenos Aires, 1904].

.. 1906. Les formations sedimentaires du cretace superieur et du tertaire de

Patagonie avec un parallele entre leurs faunes mammalogiques et celles de L'anden
continents. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires (3)8: 1-568.

1908. Las formadones sedimentarias de la region litoral de Mar del Plata y

Chapadmalal. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)10: 343-428.

1909. Le Diprothomo platensis. Un precurseur de I'homme du Pliocene in-

ferieur de Buenos Aires. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)12: 107-209.

1935. Los Esparasodontes, A. J. Torcelli (ed.). Ameghino Obras, 19: 103-140

(published posthumously).
Anderson, C. 1933. The fossil mammals of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 58: ix-xxv.
Anonymous. 1838. London, Athenaeum. 572, p. 747 (13th October).

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 37

Archer, M. 1974. New information about the Quaternary distributiun of the thyladne
(Marsupialia, Thyladnidae) in Australia. J. Roy. Soc. West. Australia, 57: 43-50.

1975. Ningaui. a new genus of tiny dasyurids (Marsupialia) and two new

species, N. Hmealeyi and M. ridei, from arid western Australia. Mem. Qd Mus.,
17(2):237-249.

.. 1976a. Revision of the marsupial genus Pbnigale Troughton (Dasyuridae).

Mem. Qd Mus., 17(3): 341-365.

1976b. The basicranial region of marsupicamivores (Marsupialia), inter-

relationships of carnivorous marsupials, and affinities of the insectivorous marsupial
peramelids. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, 59: 217-322.

1976c. The dasyurid dentition and its relationships to that of didelphids.

thyladnids, borhyaenids (Marsupicamivora) and peramelids (Peramelina: Marsupialia).
Austral. ]. Zool., Suppl. 39: 1-34.

1976d. Miocene marsupicamivores (Marsupialia) from Central South Au-

stralia, Ankotarinja tirarensis Gen. et sp. nov., Keeuna woodbumei Gen. et sp. nov., and
their significance in terms of early marsupial radiations. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Au-
stralia, 100(2); 53-73.

1976e. In M. Archer and M. Wade, Results of the Ray E. Lemley expedi-

tions. Part 1. The Allingham Formation and a new Pliocene Vertebrate Fauna from
Northern Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17: 379-397.

.. 1976f. Phascolarctid origins and the potential of the selenodont molar in the

evolution of diprotodont marsupials. Mem. Qd Mus., 17: 367-371.
1977a. Koobor notabilis (De Vis), an unusual koala from the Pliocene Chin-

chiUa Sand. Mem. Qd Mus., 18: 31-35.

1977b. Origins and subfamilial relationships of Diprotodon (Diprotodon-

tidae, Marsupialia). Mem. Qd Mus., 18: 37-39.

.. 1977c. Origins and radiations of Koalas, pp. 20-28. In E. T. Bergin (ed.).

Proceedings of the Taronga Symposium on the Koala. New South Wales, Zool. Parks
Board.

1979. Wabularoo naughtoni gen. et sp. nov., an enigmatic kangaroo (Mar-

supialia) from the middle Tertiary Carl Creek Limestone of Northwestern Queensland.

Results of the Ray E. Lemley Expeditions, Part 4. Mem. Qd Mus., 19(3): 299-307.
Archer, M. and A. Bartholomai. 1978. Tertiary mammals of Australia: a synoptic re-
view. Alcheringa, 2: 1-19.
Archer, M. and J. A. W. Kirsch. 1977. The case for the Thylacomyidae and Myr-

mecobiidae Gill, 1872, or why are marsupial families so extended. Proc. Linn. Soc.

N.S.W., 102(1): 18-25.
Archer, M. and T. Rich. 1979. Wakamatha tasselli gen. et sp. nov., a fossil dasyurid

(Marsupialia) from South Australia convergent on modem Sminthopsis. Mem. Qd Mus.,

19(3): 309-317.
AuGUSTiNY, G., 1942. Die Schwimmanpassung von Chironectes. Zeit. Morph. Okol. Tiere,

Beriin, 39: 276-319.
Aymard, a. 1850. Compte rendu de la seance du 13 avril 1849, reponse k M. Robert sur les

mammiferes fossiles des calcaires du Puy. Ann. Soc. Agric. Puy, 14: 80-86.
Baird, S. F. 1857. Mammals: general report upon the zoology of the several Padfic railroad

routes. Repts., explorations and surveys for railroad route from Mississippi River to

Padfic Ocean, Washington, D.C., 8(1): 1-757.
Banks, Sir J. 18%. journal of the Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks . . . during Captain

Hook's First Voyage in H.M.S. Endeavour in 1768-1771 to Tierra del Fuego, Otahite,

New Zealand, Australia, the Dutch East Indies, etc.. Sir Joseph D. Hooker (ed.). Lon-
don, MacMillan and Co., Ltd.
Bartholomai, A. 1963. Revision of the extinct macrofKxlid genus Sthenurus Owen in

Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 14(3): 51-76.
1%7. Troposodon, a new genus of fossil Macropodinae (Marsupialia). Mem.

Qd Mus., 15(1): 21-33.

38 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

1968. A new fossil Koala from Queensland and a reassessment of the

taxonomic position of the problematical species, Koalanus ingetis De Vis. .Mem. Qd Mus.,
15: 65-72.

1970. The extinct genus Procoptodon Owen (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in

Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 15(4): 213-233.

.. 1971. Dasyurus dunmalli, a new species of fossil marsupial (Dasyuridae) in

the upp>er Cainozoic dej>osits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16: 19-26.

1973a. The genus Protemnodon Owen (Marsupialia: MacropKxlidae) in the

upper Cainozoic deposits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 309-363.

1973b. Fissuridon pearsoni, a new fossil macrop>odid (Marsupialia) from

Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 365-368.

.. 1975. The genus Macropus Shaw (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in the Upper

Cainozoic deposits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17(2): 195-235.

1976. The genus Wallahia Trouessart (Mairsupialia: Maorojxxlidae) in the

Upp>er Cainozoic dep>osits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17(3): 373-377.

Bartholomai, a. and L. G. Marshall. 1973. The identity' of the supposed dasyurid
marsupial, Sarcophilus prior De Vis, 1883, with comments on other reported "Pliocene"
occurrences ot Sarcophilus. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 369-374.

Beddard, F. E. 1902. Mammalia. London, MacMillan and Co., Cambridge Natural His-
tory, 10: xii + 605.

Bensley, B. a. 1901a. On the question of an arboreal ancestry of the Marsupialia and the
interrelationships of the mammalian subclass. Am. Nat., 35: 117-138.

1901b. A theory of the origin and evolution of the Australian Marsupialia.

Am. Nat., 35: 245-269.

.. 1903. On the evolution of the Australian Marsupialia: with remarks on the

relationships of the marsupials in general. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 9: 83-217.
Blyth, E. 1840. Mammalia, birds and reptiles. In G. Cuvier, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom.

. . . London, Wm. S. Orr and Co.
Boitard, p. 1841. Le Jardin des Plantes. . . . Paris, G. Barba, 308 pp.
Bonaparte, C. L. j. L. 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati.

Rome, Antonio Boulzaler, 78 pp.
1837. New systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Trans. Liiui.

Soc. London, 18: 247-304.

1838. Synopas vertebratorum systematis. Nuovi Ann. Sd. Nat., Bologna,

2(1): 105-133.

1845. Catalogo metodico dei mammiferi europa. Milan, Giacomo Pirola,

36 pp.

-. 1850. Conspectus systematis. Mastozoologiae. . . . Edito altera reformata.

Batavia, E. J. Brill, 1 p.
BowN, T. M. AND K. D. Rose. 1979. Mimoperadectes, a new marsupial, and Worlandia, a new

dermopteran, from the lower part of tfie Willwood Formation (Early Eocene), Bighorn

Basin, Wyoming. Contrib. Mus. Paleontol., Univ. Mich., 25(4): 89-104.
Brisson, M. J. 1762. Regnum animate in classes EX distributum sive synopsis methodica.

Edito altera auctior. Leiden, Theodorum Haak, viii + 2% pp.
Broom, R. 1895. On a small fossil Petaurus-hke marsupial. Abstr. Proc. lirm. Soc. N.S.W.

for November 27th 1895, p. ii. Republished 18%, Zool. Anz., 19: 47.
1898. On the affinities and habits of Thylacoleo. Proc. linn. Soc. N.S.W., 23:

57-74.
1911. On the affinities of Caenolestes. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 36: 315-320.

BuFFON, G. L. L. DE. 1765. Histcsre Naturelle Generale et Particuliere. Avec. la Description

du Cabinet du Rcm. 4°. Paris.
BuRMEiSTER, G. 1885. Examen critico de los mamiferos y reptiles fosUes denominados por

D. Augusto Bravard y mendonados en su obra precedente. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos

Aires, 3: 95-174.

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 39

BuRMEiSTER, H. 1854. Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasilions. Welche wahrend
einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraes. Hrster Theil,
Saugthiere (Mammalia). Berlin, Georg Reimer, x + 342 pp.

. 1856. Eriauterungen zur Fauna Brasiliens, enthaltend Abbildungen und

ausfiihrliche Beschreibungen neuer oder ungeniigend bekannt-thier-Arten. Folio., Ber-
lin, 115 pp.

BuRMEiSTER, K. H. K. 1837. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Abth. I. Mineralogie und
Botanki. Abth. II. Zixilogie. Berlin, T.C.F. Enslin, 1836-1837. 2 vol. in 1, 858 pp.

Burnett, G. T. 1830. Illustrations of the Quadrupeda, or quadrupeds, being the arrange-
ment of the true four-fcxited beasts indicated in outline. Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Art., 28:
336-353.

Butler, P. M. and A. T. Hopwood. 1957. Insectivora and Chiroptera from the Miwene
rocks of Kenya Colony. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Fossil Mammals of Africa, 13: 1-35.

Cabrera, A. 1919. Genera mammalium. Monotremata. Marsupialia. Madrid, Museo Na-
cional de Ciencias Naturales, 177 pp.

1927. Datos para el conocimiento de los dasyurideos fosiles argentinos. Rev.

Mus. La Plata, 30: 271-315.

.. 1928. Un neuvo marsupial de Monte Hermoso. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 31:

335-337.

1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I. (Metatheria-

Unguiculata-Carnivora). Rev. Mus. Argent. Cien Nat., Cien Zixil., 4: 1-307.

Cabrera, A. and J. Yepes. 1960. Mamiferos Sud Americanos. Vols. I + II. Departamento
de Publicaciones Cientificas Argentinas, Buenos Aires. New ed., first published in 1940.

Cain, A. j. 1959. Deductive and inductive methixis in post-Linnaean taxonomy. Proc.
Linn. Soc. London, 170: 185-217.

Calaby, j. H., L. K. Corbett, G. B. Sharman, and P. G. Johnston. 1974. The chromo-
somes and systematic position of the marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops. Austral. J.
Biol. Sci., 27: 529-532.

Chiaie, S. delle. 1844. Descrizione e notomia degli Animali Invertebrati della Sicilia
citeriore osservaH vivi negli anni 1822-1830 (4° Napoli, 1841-1844). Vol. VIII.

Clemens, W. A. 1966. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyorrung. Part II.
Marsupialia. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci., 62: 1-122.

1979. Marsupialia, pp. 192-220. In ]. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska,

and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two- Thirds of Mammalian
History. Berkeley, University of California Press.

Clemens, W. A. and L. G. Marshall. 1976. Fossilium Catalogus: American and Euro-
pean Marsupialia. W. Junk (The Hague), Pars 123, 1-114.

Clemens, W. A. and M. Plane. 1974. Mid-Tertiary Thylacoleonidae (Marsupialia, Mam-
malia). J. Paleont., 48(4): 652-660.

CoLLETT, R. 1884. Description of st)me apparently new marsupials obtained by Dr.
Lumholtz in North Queensland. PrcK. Zixil. Sck. London, for 1884, 385-387.

1887. On a collection of mammals from central and northern Queensland.

Zixil.Jahrb., 2: 829-940.

Collins, L. R. 1973. Monotremes and Marsupials: a reference for zix)logical institutions.
Smithsonian Ins. Publ., 4888: 1-323.

Cope, E. D. 1873. Third notice of extinct vertebrata from the Tertiary of the plains. Paleont.
Bull., 16: 1-8.

1889. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata. Am. Nat., 23: 849-877.

1892. On a new genus of Mammalia from the Laramie formation. Am. Nat..

26: 758-762.

Crochet, J. Y. 1%9. Revision du genre Perathcrium Aymard 1849 (Marsupialia). C. R.
Acad. Sd. Paris, 268: 2038-2041.

1977a. Les Didelphidae (Marsupicamivora, Marsupialia) holarctiques ter-

tiaires. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. D., 284: 357-360.

40 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

1977b. Les Didelphides Paleogenes Holarctiques: historique et tendances

evolutives. Geobios. Mem. special 1: 127-134.

.. 1979. Diversite systematique des Didelphidae (Marsupialia) Europeens Ter-

tiares. Geobios., 12(3): 365-378.
CuviER, G. 1800. Lemons d'anatomie comparee. Paris, Bauduin, 1: xxxi + 521 pp.
1804. Memorie sur le squelette presque entier d'un petit quadrupede du

genre des sarigues trouve dans la pierre a platre des environs de Paris. An. Mus. Nat.

Hist. Nat., 5: 277-292.
1817. Le regne animaL Paris, Deterville, 1: xxxvii + 540 pp.

De Blainville, H. M. S. 1816. Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du

regne animaL BuU. Sci. Soc. Phlom. Paris, ser. 3, 3: 105-124.

1834. Cours de la faculte des sciences, 1834. Fide Palmer, T. S., 1904, p. 780.

Dederer, p. H. 1909. Comparison of Caenolestes with Polyprotodonta and Diprotodonta.

Am. Nat., 43: 614-618.
Dejean, p. F. M. a. 1834. Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Conte Dejean

. . . Paris, 2nd ed., 186 pp.
Del Corro, G. 1977. Un nuevo microbioterio (Marsupialia) del Eoceno de Patagonia. Rev.

Mus. Arg. Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," Paleont., 2(2): 31-33.
Desmarest, a. G. 1804. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, 24: 20.
1817. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle Nouvelle edition. Paris,

Deterville, 1816-1819 (36 vols.), 16: 409-410.
DeVis, C. W. 1883a. On remains of an extinct marsupial. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 8:

11-15.
1883b. On Brachalletes palmeri an extinct marsupial. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,

8: 190-193.

.. 1883c. Notes on a lower jaw oi Palorchestes azael. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 8:

221-224.

-. 1888a. On an extinct genus of the marsupials allied to H\/psiprymnodon. Proc.

Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 3(2): 5-8.

1888b. On an extinct mammal of a genus apparently new. Proc. Roy. Soc.

Queensland, 4: 99-106.

.. 1889a. On a new genus of extinct mammals. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 5:

158-160.

1889b. On the Phalangistidae of the post-Tertiary period in Queensland.

Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 6: 105-114.

1891. In confirmation of the genus Owenia so-called. Proc. Linn. Soc.

N.S.W., 6(2): 159-165.
1907. fossils from the Gulf watershed. Ann. Qd Mus., 7: 3-7.

Dillon, L. S. 1963. Comparative studies of the brain in the Macropodidae. Contribution to
the phylogeny of the mammalian brain II. J. Comp. Neurol., 120: 43-51.

DoLLO, L. 1899. Les ancestres des marsupiaux etaient-ils arboricoles? Trav. Stat. Zool.
Wimereus, 7: 188-203.

1900. Le pied du Diprotodon et I'origine arboricole des marsupiaux. Bull.

Biol. France, Belgique, 33: 275-280.

1906. Le pied de VAmphiproviverra et I'origine arboricole des marsupiaux.

Bull. Soc. beige Geol. Proc.-verb., 20: 166-168.
D'Orbigny, a. D. 1850. Prodrome de Paleontologie Stratigraphique Universelle des

Animaux MoUusques and Rayonnes. Victor Masson, Paris, Vol. I.
Dumeril, a M. C. 1806. Zoologie Analytique, ou Methode Naturell de Classification des

Animaux. 8° Paris.
Eastman, C. R. 1915. Early portrayals of the opossum. Am. Nat., 49: 585-594.
EiCHWALD, E. VON. 1831. Zoologia specialis quam expositus animalibus turn vivis, tum

fossilibus potissimum Rossiae in universum et Poloniae in spedes. 3 parts in 2 vols.

Vilnae, 1829-1831, III, p. 373.

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 41

Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Syslema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Sf>ecies,

Varietates, cum Synonymia et Historia Animalium. Classis I. Mammalia 8° Lipsiae.
FiLHOL, H. 1879. Etudes des mammiferes fossiles de St. Gerand le Puy (Allier). Ann. Sci.

Geol. (Paris), 10: 1-253.
Fischer von Waldheim, G. 1813. Zoognisia tabulis synopticis illustrata. Moscow, Nicolai

Sergeidis Vsevolozsky, vol. 2, 605 pp.
1814. Zodgnosia tabulis synoptics illustrata. Moscow, Nicolai Sergeidis

Vsevolozsky, vol. 3, 732 pp.

1840. In ]. O. Westwotxi, An introduction to the mcxiern classification of

insects. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1839-1840. 2 vols.
Fletcher, J. j. 1885. Catalogue of papers and works relating to the mammalian orders.

Marsupialia and Monotremata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 9(3): 1-55 (reprint).
Flynn, T. T. 1911. Notes on Marsupialian anatomy. I. On the condition of the median

vaginal septum in the Trichosuridae. Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1911: 120-123.
Forbes, W. A. 1881. In Memoriam. The collected scientific papers of the late A. H. Garrod.

Edited, with a biographical memoir of the author by W. A. Forbes. London, 537 pp.
Fox, R. C. 1971. Marsupial mammals from the early Campanian Milk River Formation,

Alberta, Canada. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, Suppl. 1, 50: 145-164.
1972. A primitive therian mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta.

Canadian j. Earth Sci., 9(11): 1479-1494.
Frith, H. j. and J. H. Calaby. 1%9. Kangaroos. F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 209 pp.
Gadow, H. 1892. On the systematic position of Notoiyctes typhbps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, 361-370.
Ganclbauer, L. 1899. Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Dritter Band, zweite Halfte. Familien-

reihe Clavicomia. Wien, 3: 409-1046.
Garrod, A. H. 1875. On the kangaroo called Halmalurus luduosus by D'Albertis and its

affinities. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 48-59.
Geoffroy, t. 17%. Dissertation sur les Animaux a bourse Millin. Magaz. Encydop^ique

2* ann^, 3: 469-470.
1803. Notice sur une nouvelle espece des mammiferes. Ann. Mus. d'Hist.

Nat., 2: 364.

1804. Sur un nouveau genre de Mammiferes a bourse nomme Perameles.

Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., 4: 56-65.
1811. Note sur un nouveau mammifere decouvert ck la Nouvelle Hollande,

par M. Bass, voyageur anglais. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomathique, Paris, 3(72): 185.
Geoffroy, 6. and G. Cuvier. 1795. Memoire sur une nouvelle division des Mammiferes,

et sur les prindpes qui doivent servir de base dans cette sorte de travail. Magasin

Encyclopedique, Paris, Millin, Noel et Warens, vol. 2, 164-190.
1837. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes, avec des figures originales . . .

Paris, 1824-1847, 4(60): 6.
Gervais, p. 1836. Mammalogie ou Mastologie. Dictionnaire pittoresque d'Histoire

naturelle. Tome 4°, 614-640.
1855. Histoire naturell des mammiferes avec I'indication de leurs mcH?urs, et

de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et I'agriculture. Paris, L. Curmer, 1854-1855.
Gervais, P. and j. Verreaux. 1842. On a new genus of marsupial animals {Tarsipes

rostralus). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842: 1-5.
Gesner, K. 1551. Historiae animalium. Liber I, De quadrupedibus viviparis. Francofurti.

Tiguri, Zurich.
Gill, T. 1872. Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithso-
nian Misc. Coll., 11(1): 1-98.
GiSTEL, j. von N. F. X. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, fiir hohere schulen bearb.

Stuttgart, Hoffman'sch (etc.), pp. xvi, 216.
Glauert, L. 1926. A list of Western Australian fossils. Supplement no. 1. Bull. Geol. Surv.

West. Austral., 88: 36-72.

42 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Gloger, C. W. L. 1841. Gemeinniitziges Hand-und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. Bd.
I — Enthaltend die erste Halfte der Naturgeschichte der Thiere ... 8° Breslau, Verlag von
Aug. Schulz & Comp. [1841]-1842, pp. xxxiv, 495.

1842. Gemeinnutziges Hand-und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. I. Bres-
lau, xxxxiv -I- 495 pp.

GoLDFUss, G. A. 1817. Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur. Mit Be-
schreibungen . . . Fortgesetzt von G. A. Goldfuss. Leipzig, 1817-1846 (This is an update
of a work by J. C. D. von Schreber).

1820. Handbuch der Zoologie. Niirnberg, J. L. Schrag, 2 vols.

Gould, J. 1841. A monograph of the Macropodidae or family of kangaroos. London, 1841
[-42], 2 pts., 30 pis.

1842. No title. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1841, p. 80.

1845a. No title. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1844, p. 79.

1845b [1863]. The mammals of Australia. Privately printed (compiled in

1863). London, 3 vols., 182 color plates.

Grasse, p. p. 1955. Ordre des marsupiaux, pp. 93-135. In P. P. Grasse (ed.), Traite de
Zoologie. Tome 1: Mammiferes. Paris, Masson & Cie.

Gray, G. R. 1855. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British
Museum. London, 192 pp.

Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Med. Re-
posit., 15(1): 296-310.

1825. Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes

and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe. Ann. Philos.
n.s. vol. 10: 336-344 (vol. 26 of the whole series).

1827. Synopsis of the spedes of the class Mammalia as arranged with

reference to their organization . . . with specific characters, synonyma etc. In Cuvier, G.,
Animal Kingdom . . . with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. Vol. 5,
Mammalia, 391 pp. London, G. B. Whittacker.

1837. Description of some new or little known Mammalia, principally in the

British Museum Collection. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1: 577-587.

.. 1839. In T. L. Mitchell, Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Au-

stralia. . . . Vol. 2.

1841. On the geographical distribution of the animals of New Holland.

Report British Assoc. Meetings for 1841 (1842). Appendix to G. Grey's Journals of two
Expeditions in N.E. and W. Australia, vol. H. London.

.. 1842. Description of two new species of Mammalia discovered in Australia

by Captain George Grey, Governor of South Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9: 39-42.
1843. List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British

Museum. London, British Museum (Natural History), xxviii -I- 216 pp.

.. 1858. List of spedes of Mammalia sent from the Aru Islands by Mr. A. R.

Wallace to the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 106-113.

1862. Additional observations on the genus Cuscus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, for 1861, 314-321.

1863. Notice of three wombats in the zoological gardens. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist.,ser. 3, 11:457-459.
Gregory, W. K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 27: 1-524.
1922. On the "habitus" and "heritage" of Caenolestes. J. Mammal., 3: 106-

114.-

1947. The monotremes and the palimpsest theory. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.

Hist., 88: 7-52.

Green, M. and J. E. Martin. 1976. Peratherium (MarsupiaUa: Didelphidae) from the
Oligocene and Miocene of South Dakota, pp. 155-168. In C. S. Churcher (ed.). Essays on
Palaeontology in Honor of Loris Shane Russell, 286 pp. Toronto, Univ. of Toronto Press.

Grey, G. 1841. Journals of two expeditions of discovery in north-west and western Aus-

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 43

tralia, during the years 1837, 38, and 39, under the authority of her Majesty's govern-
ment. ... 2 vols. London, T. and W. Boone.
GuiLER, E. R. 1%1. The former distribution and decline of the thyladne. AustraL J. Sd.,

23: 207-210.
GuNSON, M. M., G. B. Sharman, and J. A. Thomson. 1968. The affinities of Burramys

(Marsupialia: Phalangeroidea) as revealed by a study of its chromosomes. Austral. J.

Sd., 31: 40-41.
Haeckel, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin, Georg Reimer, vol. 2,

462 pp.
Mains, R. W. 1958. Arboreal or terrestrial ancestry of placental mammals. Quart. Rev.

Bid., 33(1): 1-23.
Haltenorth, T. 1958. Klassifikation der Saugetiere. 2. Ordnung Beuteltiere-Marsupialia

lUiger 1811 (=Didelphia BlainviUe, 1816). Handb. Zool., Berlin, 8(16): 7-40.
Hartman, C. G. 1952. Possums. Austin, University of Texas Press, 174 pp.
Harvey, J. B. 1841. A sketch of the natural history of Port Lincoln. S. Austral. Mag., 1(1):

210-212.
Hay, O. p. 1930. Second bibliography and catalogue of the fossil Vertebrata of North

America. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. no. 390, vol. 1, viii + 916 pp. (1929); vol. II,

xiv + 1074 pp. (1930).
Hayman, D. L., j. A. W. KiRSCH, P. G. Martin, and P. F. Waller. 1971. Chromosomal

and serological studies of the Caenolestidae and their implications for marsupial evolu-
tion. Nature, Lond., 231 (5299): 194-195.
Hayman, D. L. and P. G. Martin. 1974. Animal Cytogenetics. Chordata 4, Mammalia I:

Monotremata and Marsupialia, 110 pp. Berlin, Stuttgart, Gebriider Bomtraeger.
Heller, K. M. 1897. Zw^ei neue Beutelthiere aus Deutsch New Guinea, nebst einer Auf-

zahlung der bekannten popuanischen Saugethiere. Abh. und Ber. K. Zool. und

Anthrop.-Ethn. Mus., Dresden, 1896-1897, 6(8): 1-7.
Hershkovitz, p. 1949. Generic names of the four-eyed opossum and the wooly opossum

(DidelpWdae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 62: 11-12.
1976. Comments on generic names of four-eyed opossums (Family Didel-

phidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 89(23): 295-304.
Hill, j. P. 1897. The placentation oiPerameles. Quart, j. Micro. Sd., n.s., 40: 385-446.
HoFER, H. 1952. Ober das gegenwartige Bild der Evolution der Beuteltiere. Zool. jahrb.,

Abt. Anat. Ontog., 72: 365-437.
HoFFSTETTER, R. 1976. Histoire des mammiferes et derive des continents. La Recherche,

64: 124-138.
Hope, J. H. 1974. The Biogeography of the mammals of the Islands of Bass Strait, pp.

397-415. In Biogeography and Ecology in Tasmania. W. Junk (The Hague).
Hough, J. R. 1%1. Review of Oligocene dideiphid marsupials. J. Paleont., 35: 218-228.
HouLBERT, C. 1918. Revision monographique des Castniinae. In Oberthur Et. Lep. comp.

15. Rennes 1918, pp. 5-730, pis. 437-462.
Hughes, R. L. 1%5. Comparative morphology of spermatozoa from five marsupial

families. Austral, j. Zool., 13: 533-543.
HuNSAKER, D., II. 1977. The Biology of Marsupials. D. Hunsaker II (ed.). New York,

Academic Press, 537 pp.
Huxley, T. H. 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the

Vertebrata and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880:

649-662.
Iherinc, H. von. 1914. Os Gambas do Brazil: Marsupiaes do gen. Didelphis. Sao Paulo,

Rev. Mus. Paulista, 9(1914): 338-356.
Illicer, C. 1811. Prodromus systematis mammalian et avium additis terminus zoo-

graphids utriudque classis. Berlin, C. Salfeld, xviii + 301 pp.
Iredale, T. and E. Le G. Troughton. 1934. "A check-list of the mammals recorded from

Australia." The Australian Museum, Sydney, Mem. VI, 122 pp.

44 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Jameson, R. 1831. On the fossil bones found in the bone-caves and bone-breccia of New
Holland. Edinb. New Phil. ]., 393-396.

Kermack, K. a. 1967. The interrelations of early mammals, pp. 241-249. In C. Patterson
and P. H. Greenwood (eds.). Fossil Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York. ]. Linn.
Soc. London, Zool., vol. 47, no. 311.

KiRSCH, J. A. W. 1968a. Prodromus of the comparative serology of Marsupialia. Nature,
London, 217: 418-420.

1968b. The serological affinities of Bunamys and related possums. (Mar-
supialia: Phalangeroidea). Austral. J. Sci., 31: 43-45.

.. 1977a. The six-per-cent solution: second thoughts on the adaptedness of the

Marsupialia. Am. Scientist, 65(3): 276-288.

1977b. The comparative serology of Marsupialia. Austral. J. Zool., Suppl.

Ser., 52: 1-152.

-. 1977c. The classification of marsupials, with special reference to karyotypes

and serum proteins, pp. 1-50. In D. Hunsaker (ed.). The Biology of Marsupials, 537 pp.
New York, Academic Press.

-. 1977d. Biological aspects of the marsupial-placental dichotomy: a reply to

Lillegraven. Evolution, 31(4): 898-900.
KiRSCH, J. A. W. AND J. H. Calaby. 1977. The species of living marsupials, pp. 9-26. In B.

Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The Biology of Marsupials, 486 pp. Baltimore, Univ.

Park Press.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Deutschlands crustaceen, myriapoden und arachniden Ein beitrag zur

deutschen fauna, von C. L. Loch. . . . Hrsg. von Dr. Herrich-Schaffer . . . Regensburg, F.

Pustet [1835-1844]. Issued in 40 parts, 4(11), {Tydeus, table II).
KoENiGSWALD, W. VON 1970. Peratherium (Marsupialia) in Ober-Oligozan und Miozan von

Europa. Bayer. Ak. Wissenschaft., Math-Natur. Kl. Abhand. n.f., 144: 1-79.
Kraglievich, J. L. 1960. Marsupiales tilacosmilinos de la fauna de Chapadmalal. Publ. del

Mus. Munic. Cienc. Nat. y Trad, de Mar del Plata, 1(2): 53-72.
Kraglievich, L. 1934. La antigiiedad pliocena de las faunas de Monte Hermoso y

Chapadmalal, deducidas de su comparacion con las que le precedieron y sucedieron.

Montevideo, El Siglo lUustrado, no. 938, 136 pp.
Krefft, G. 1867. On the classification of the small Dasyuridae of Australia, with descrip-
tions of two new genera and one new species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1866,

431-435.
Krumbiegel, I. VON. 1940. Die Saugetiere der Siidamerika-Expeditionen Prof. Dr. Kriegs.

5. Schwimmbeutler. Zool. Anzeiger, 132: 63-72.
1941. Die Saugetiere der Siidamerika-Expeditionen Prof. Dr. Kriegs. 10.

Opossums {Didelphys). Zool. Anzeiger, 134(3/4): 29-53.
KiJHNE, W. G. 1972. The systematic position of monotremes reconsidered (Mammalia).

Zeit. fiir Morph. Tiere, 75: 59-64.
1975. Marsupium and marsupial bone in Mesozoic mammals and in the

Marsupionta. Coll. Inter. Cent. Nat. Recherche Scient., 218: 585-588.
Lacepede, B. G. E. 1799. Tableau des divisions. Sous — divisions, ordres et genres des

mammiferes. /n G. L. L. de Buffon, Histoire naturelle. Paris, P. Didot L'Aine et Firntun

Didot, 8° Paris, An. VII.

Lambe, L. M. 1902. On vertebrata of the Mid-Cretaceous of the Northwest Territory. 2.

New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous). Contrib. Canada.

Paleont., 3: 25-81.
Laurie, E. M. O. and J. E. Hill. 1954. "List of Land Mammals of New Guinea, Celebes

and Adjacent Islands 1758-1952." London, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 175 pp.
Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly

characterized. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8: 91-92.
Lemoine, V. 1891. Etude d'ensemble sur les dents des mammiferes fossiles des environs

de Reims. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, 19: 263-290.
Lenz, H. O. 1831. Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere nach Cuvier's Systema bearbeitet.

Gotha, 324 pp.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 45

Lesouef, a. S., H. Burrell, and E. Trouchton. 1926. The wild animals of Australasia.
London, George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd., 388 pp.

Lesson, R. P. 1826. Voyage autour du mende, execute par ordre du roi, sur la Corvette de
sa majeste la CoquiUe, pandant les annees 1822-1825. . . , vol. 1, pp. 150-161.

1828. Dictionnaire dassique d'Histoire Naturelle, par messieurs Audouin

. . . R. P. Lessor et vol. XIlI-XVll.

.. 1842. Nouveau tableau du regne animal. Mammiferes. Paris, Arthus Ber-

trand, 204 pp.
LiAis, E. 1872. Climats, geologie, faune et geographic botanique de Bresil. Paris, 640 pp.

LicHTENSTEiN AND Weinland. 1854. No Title. Monatsber. Kon. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.,

Berlin for 1854, 372-374.
Lidicker, W. Z. and W. I. Follett. 1%8. Isoodon, Desmarest 1817, rather than Thxfbcis

lUiger 1811, as the valid generic name of the short-nosed bandicoots (Marsupialia:

Peramelidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 81: 251-256.

Lidicker, W. Z. and B. ]. Marlow. 1970. A review of the dasyurid marsupial genus
Antechinomifs Krefft. Mammalia, 34(2): 212-227.

Lillegraven, j. A. 1%9. Latest Cretaceous mammals of upper part of Edmonton Forma-
tion of Alberta, Canada, and review of marsupail placental dichotomy of mammalian
evolution. Univ. of Kansas, Paleon. Contrib., Art. 50 (Vert. 12), 122 pp.

1974. Biogeographical considerations of the marsupial-placental dichotomy.

Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 5: 74-94.

1976. Biological considerations of the marsupial-placental dichotomy.

Evolution, 29: 707-722.
Link, H. F. 1794. Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte. Band 1, Stiich 1, 124 pp.

1795. Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte. Band 1, Stiich 2, 126 pp.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae p>er regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines,

genera, species cum characyeribus, differentiis, synonmis, lods. Editio dedma, refor-

mata. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, vol. 1 (iil + 824 pp.

LoEW, H. 1851. Bemerkungen iiber die Familie der Asiliden. Konigl. Realschule, Meseritz.

Programm, 1851, pp. 1-22.
Longman, H. A. 1921. A new genus of fossil marsupials. Mem. Qd Mus., 7: 65-80.

1924. Some Queensland fossil vertebrates. Mem. Qd Mus. 8: 16-28.

LooMis, F. B. 1914. The Deseadan Formation of Patagonia. New Haven, Concord, 232 pp.

Lund, P. 1839. Coup d'oeil sur les especes eteintes de mammiferes du Bresil, extrail de
quelques memoires presentes a I'Academie royale des sdences du Copenhagen. Ann.
Sd. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2, 11: 214-234.

Lydekker, R. 1887. Catalogue of the fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural
History) Cromwell Road, S.W. Part 5. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders
Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and supplement. London, the
Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 345 pp.

1894. A handbook of the Marsupialia and Monotremata. Allen's Naturalist's

Library, London, 302 pp.

MacLachlan, R. 1895. Some new spedes of Odonata of the "Legion" testes, with notes.
Ann. Nat. Hist., 16: 19-28.

MacLeay, W. S. 1841. Notice of a new genus of Mammalia {Antechinus) discovered by J.

Stuart in New South Wales. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8(1842): 241-243.
1857. Anon. The Sydney Morning Herald, no. 6009, 38, Sept. 9, 1857, p. 2,

col. 6.
Mahoney, j. A., AND W. D. L. Ride. 1975. Index to the genera and spedes of fossil

Mammalia described from Australia and New Guinea between 1838 and 1968. Sp. Publ.

no. 5, Western Australian Museum.

Marcgrave, G. 1640. Historiae rerum naturalium Brasiliae libi Odo; . . . loannes de Laet
... in ordinem digessit & annotationes addidit multas . . . Lugdum. Batavorum, etc.

Marlow, B. J. 1%2. Marsupials of Australia. Melbourne, The Jacaranda Press, 141 pp.

46 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Marsh, O. C. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Parts II, ni, and IV.
Am. J. Sd., (3), 4: 202-224.

1887. American Jurassic mammals. Am. J. Sd., 33: 327-348.

1889a. Discovery of Cretaceous Mammalia. Am. J. Sd., ser. 3, 38: 81-92.

1889b. Discovery of Cretaceous Mammalia, Part ii. Am. ]. Sd., ser. 3, 38:

177-180.

Marshall, L. G. 1976a. Evolution of the family Thylacosmilidae, fossil marsupial "saber-
tooths" of South America. PaleoBios., 23: 1-30.

1976b. New didelphine marsupials from the La Venta Fauna (Miocene) of

Colombia, South America. J. Paleont., 50(3): 402-418.

1976c. Revision of the South American fossil marsupial subfanuly Ab-

deritinae. Mar del Plata Mus. Munic. Cienc. Natur., Publ., 2(3): 57-90.

.. 1976d. On the affinities of Pichipilus osbomi Ameghino 1890 (Marsupialia,

Caenolestinae) from the Santa Cruz beds of Southern Patagonia, Argentina.
Ameghiniana, 13(1): 56-64.

-. 1976e. A new borhyaenid (Marsupialia, Borhyaenidae) from the Arroyo

Chasico Formation (Lower Pliocene), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana,
3-4: 298-299.

-. 1977a. First Pliocene record of the water-opossum, Chironectes minimus (Di-

delphidae, Marsupialia). j. Mammal., 58(3): 434-436.

.. 1977b. A new spedes of Lycopsis (Borhyaenidae: Marsupialia) from the La

Venta Fauna (Miocene) of Colombia, South America. J. Paleont., 51(3): 633-642.

.. 1977c. Lestodelphys halli. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-

malogists, 81: 1-3.

1977d. Lutreolina crassicaudata. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc.

Mammalogists, 91: 1-4.

1977e. Cladistic analysis of didelphoid, dasyurid, borhyaenid, and

thyladnid (Marsupial) affinity. Syst. Zool., 26: 410-425.

1978a. Evolution of the Borhyaenidae, extinct South American predaceous

marsupials. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sd., 117: 1-89.

.. 1978b. Dromidops australis. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-

malogists, 99: 1-5.

1978c. Glironia venusta. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-

malogists, 107: 1-3.

.. 1978d. Chironectes minimus. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc.

Mammalogists, 109: 1-6.

1979a. Review of the Prothylacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South Ameri-

can "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 3: 1-50.

1979b. Evolution of Metatherian and Eutherian (Mammalian) characters: a

review based on cladistic methodology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, 66: 369-410.

.. 1980. Systematics of the South American marsupial family Caenolestidae.

Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 5: 1-145.

.. 1981. Review of the Hathlyacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South Ameri-

can "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 7: 1-120.
Marshall, L. G., W. A. Clemens, R. J. Hoffstetter, R. Pascual, B. Patterson, R. H.

Tedford, and W. D. Turnbull. 1977. ACYONIDAE Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia):

Proposed suppression under the Plenary Powers. Bull. Zool. Nomen., 33(3/4): 212-213.
1978. ACYONIDAE Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia): Supplement to proposal

to suppress this name. Z.N.(S.) 2159. Bull. Zool. Nomen., 35(1): 12-14.
Marshall, L. G. and R. H. Tedford. 1978. Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898, and

Palaeothentidae Sinclair, 1906 (Mammalia); proposed conservation under the plenary

powers. Z.N.(S.) 2214. BuU. Zool. Nomen., 35(1): 58-64.
Martin, R. A. 1974. Fossil mammals from the Coleman IIA fauna, Sumter County, pp.

35-99. In S. D. Webb (ed.). Pleistocene mammals of Florida. Gainesville, Univ. Florida

Press.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 47

Matschie, p. 1915. Einige Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Pseudochirus OGILB. Sitz-

ber. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1915(4): 83-95.
, 1916a. Die Verbreitung der Beuteltiere auf Neuginea. Mitt. Zool. Mus.

Berlin, 8: 257-309.

.. 1916b. Die nov O. Finsch bei Port Moresby in Siideostneuguinea gesam-

melten Kangurus. Sitzber. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1916(1): 43-61.

.. 1916c. Bemerkungen uber die gattung Didelphis L. Sitzber. Gesellsch.

Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1619(1): l^B-lTl.

Matthew, W. D. 1916. A marsupial from the Belly River Cretaceous. With critical observa-
tions upon the affinities of the Cretaceous mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:
477-500.

Matthew, W. D., and W. Granger. 1921. New genera of Paleocene mammals. Am. Mus.
Novit., 13: 1-7.

McCoy, F. 1867. On a new genus of phalanger {Gymnchelideus). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd
ser., 20: 287-288.

McGrew, p. O. 1937. New Marsupials from the Tertiary of Nebraska. J. Geol., 45: 448-455.

McKay, G. M. 1980. Nomenclature of the gliding phalanger genera Petaurus and
Petauroides. Aust. Mammal. Soc., Bull., 6(2): 51.

McKenna, M. C. 1%1. On the shoulder girdle of the mammalian subclass AUotheria. Am.

Mus. Novit., 2066: 1-27.
1975. Toward a phylogenic classification of the Mammalia, pp. 21-46. In W.

P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phylogeny of the Primates. New York, Plenum Publ.

Corp.
McLeay, W. S. 1857. The Sydney Morning Herald, no. 6009, vol. 38, September 9th, 1857,

p. 2, col. 6.
Mercerat, a. 1891a. Caracteres diagnosticos de algunas espedes de Credonta conser-

vados en la Museo de La Plata. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 2: 51-56.
1891b. Sobre un maxilar inferior de Creodonta de Monte Hermoso. Rev.

Mus. La Plata, 2:80-81.

1898. Sur de nouveau restes fossiles de camassiers primitifs de Monte

Hermoso. An. Soc. Qenc. Argen., 47: 56-60.

.. 1917. Notas sobre algunos camivoros fosiles y actuales de la America del

Sud. Buenos Aires, 21 pp.
Meyer, H. von. 1846. Briefe an den Herausgeber. Neues jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., 1846:

462-476; 596-599.
Miklouho-MacLay, N. de. 1884. On a sjjecies of kangaroo (Dorcopsis chalmersii) from the

south-east end of New Guinea. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 9: 713, pi. 38.

Miller, G. S. and J. A. G. Rehn. 1901. Systematic results of the study of North American
land mammals to the close of the year 1900. P. Boston Soc., 352 pp.

Miranda Ribiero, A. 1936. Didelphia ou Mammalia ovovivipara. Revta. do Mus. Paulista,

Sao Paulo, 20: 245-427.
Mitchell, T. L. 1831. An account of the limestone caves at Wellington Valley and of the

situation, near one of them, where fossil bones have been found. Proc. Geol. Soc.

London, I: 321-322.

1838. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia, with descrip-
tions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New
South Wales. 1st ed., vol. II. 405 pp.

1839. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia, with descrip-

tions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New
South Wales. T. and W. Boone, 2nd ed., vol. II, 415 pp.

Mjoberg, E. 1916. On a new genus and species of marsupials. K. svenska VetensK.-Acad.
Handl., 52: 13-20.

Moeller, H. 1968. Zur Frage der Parallelerscheinungen bei Metatheria und Eutheria. Z.
fiir Wiss. Zool. 177: 283-392.

48 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

1973a. Zur Kenntnis der Schnadelgestalt groBer Rabbeutler (Dasyuridae

Waterhouse, 1838) Eine allometrische Formanalyse. Zool. Jahr. Anat. Ont. Tier., 91(2):

257-303.
1973b. Zur Evolutions Hohe des Marsupialia gehirns. Zool. Jahrb. Abt.

Anat. Ontog. Tiere, 91: 434-448.
Moreno, F. P. 1882. Patagonia. Resto de un antiguo continente hoy sumergido. An. Soc.

Cien. Argent., 14: 97-131.
MuiRHEAD, H. 1819. Sir David Brewster's . . . The Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Edinburgh (18

vols.), 13(2): 429.
MiJLLER, R. J. 1929. Bie mechanik der syndactylen Zehen von Macropus und anderen

Beuteltieren und ihre Verwendung als Putzorgan. Zeitschrift fiir Morphologie und

Okologie der Tiere, 17: 154-218.
MiJLLER, S. AND H. ScHLEGEL. 1839. Over drie buideldieren uit de familie der Kangoeroe's.

Verb. nat. Gesch. Nederl. overzee. Bezitt. Leiden, 1: 129-148.
MuNSTER, S. 1550. Cosmographiae uniuersalis . . . Basel, Henrichum Petri.
Murray, A. 1866. The geographic distribution of mammals. London, Day and Son, Ltd.,

420 pp.
Odreman, Rivas, O. E. 1978. Sobre la presenda de un Polydolopidae (Mammalia, Mar-
supialia) en capas de Edad Mustersense (Eoceno medio) de Patagonia. Obra del Cen-

tenario del Museo de La Plata, 5: 29-38.
Oehser, p. H. 1934. Another new generic name for a South American marsupial. J.

Mammal., 15: 240.
Ogilby, J. D. 1892. Catalogue of Australian Mammalia, with introductory notes on general

mammalogy. Sydney, The Australian Museum, catalogue, 16: 1-142.
Ogilby, W. 1837. Observation on the opposable power of the thumb in certain mammals,

considered as a zoological character; and on the natural affinities which subsist between

the Bimana, Quadrumana, and Pedimana. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1: 449-459.
1838. On a new species of marsupial animal {Chaeropus ecaudatus) found by

Major Mitchell on the banks of the River Murray, in N.S.W. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,

63: 25-27.
Oken, L. 1816. Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. I-IIL Theile. Leipzig, Reclam, 1813-

1826. 3 vols., in 5. 3. Theile: Zoologie. 1. Abth. Fleischlose Thiere. Fleischthiere, 2:

1128-1130.
OsBORN, H. F. 1898. Evolution of the Amblypoda. Part I — Taligrada and Pantodonta. Bull.

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10: 169-218.
1910. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. New York,

Macmillan Co., xx -I- 635 pp.
Osgood, W. H. 1921. A monographic study of the American marsupial Caenolestes. Field

Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 14(1): 1-162.
1924. Review of living caenolestids with description of a new genus from

Chile. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 14(2): 165-173.
Owen, R. 1838a. Fossil Marsupialia from the caves of Wellington Valley. In T. L. Mitchell's

"Three Expeditions to the Interior of Eastern Australia. . . ." As an appendix in vol. 2.
1838b. Untitled article. Athenaeum, J. of Eng. and Foreign Lit., Sd., and

Fine Arts, London, Oct. 13, no. 572, p. 747.

1839a. Fossil Marsupialia from the caves of Wellington Valley. In T. L.

Mitchell's "Three Expeditions to the Interior of Eastern Australia. . . ." As an appendix
in vol. 2.

1839b. Outlines of a classification of the Marsupialia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, 7: 5-19.

1839c [1852]. Marsupialia, pp. 257-330. In Robert Todd's Cyclopedia of

Anatomy and Physiology.

1841a. Outlines of a classification of the Marsupialia. Trans. Zool. Soc.

London, 2: 315-334.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 49

1841b. On the osteology of the Marsupialia. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 2:

379-408.

1845a. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil organic remains of

Mammalia and Aves contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of
England. London, Richard and J. E. Taylor, 391 pp.

1845b. Odontography. . . . Part III. London, Hippolyte Balliere, 665 pp.

1858a. Notes on some outline-drawings and photographs of the skuU of

Zygomaturus trilobus Madeay, from Australia. Abstr. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, 12: 49-50.
1858b. Odontology, pp. 407-484. In The Encyclopaedia Brittanica, or dictio-

nary of arts, sciences, and general literature, 8th ed. vol. 16. Edinburgh, Adam and
Charles Black.

.. 1859. On the classification and geographical distribution of the Mammalia,

London, j. W. Parker and Son, 103 pp.

1866. On the anatomy of vertebrates, vol. n. London, Longmans, Green.

.. 1872. On the fossil mammals of Australia. VII. Genus Phascolomys. Phil.

Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 162: 173-1%, 241-258.

1873a. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part VIII. Macropodidae, Gen-

era: Macropus. Osphranter, Phascolagus, Sthenurus and Prolemnodon (abstr.). Proc. Roy.
Soc. London, 21: 128.

.. 1873b. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part IX. Family Macropodidae:

Macropus, Pachysiagon, Lqjtosiagon, Procoptodon and Palorchestes (abstr.). Proc. Roy. Soc.
London, 21: 386-387.

1874a. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part VIII. Family Macropodidae:

Genera: Macropus. Osphranter, Phascolagus, Sthenurus and Protemnodon. Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. London, 164: 245-287.

1874b. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part IX. Family Macropodidae:

Genera: Macropus, Pachysaigon, Leptosaigon, Procoptodon and Palorchestes. Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc. London, 164: 783-803.

1877. Note on a new marsupial from Australia (Pleopus, Hypsiprymnodon,

Ram.) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., 20: 542.

.. 1879. On Hypsiprymnodon Ramsay, a genus indicative of a distinct family

(Pleopodidae) in the diprotodont section of the Marsupialia. Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
ser. 2, 1: 573-582.
1888. On Thylacopardus australis, Owen. Nature, London, 39: 215.

Packard, A. S. 1864. Synopsis of the Bombyddae of the United States. Proc. Ent. Soc.

Philadelphia, 3: 97-130.
Palmer, T. S. 1904. Index Generum Mammalium: a list of the genera and families of

mammals. U.S. Dept. Agr., North American Fauna, no. 23, 1-984.
Parker, T. J. and W. A. Haswell. 1897. A Text-book of Zoology. London, Macmillan and

Co., vol. 2, XX + 683 pp.
Pascual, R. and a. R. Bocchino. 1963. Un nuevo Borhyaeninae (Marsupialia) del

Plioceno medio de Hidalgo (La Pampa). Ameghiniana, 3(4): 97-107.
Pascual, R. and H. E. Herrera. 1973. Adidones al conodmiento de Pliolestes tripotamicus

Reig, 1955 (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Caenolestidae) del Plioceno superior de la Argen-
tina. Ameghiniana, 10(1): 36-50.
1975. Stilotherium Ameghino, 1887, el mas primitivo Caenolestidae con-

oddo. Consideradones sobre la transidon Didelphidae — Caenolestidae (Marsupialia).

Act. 1st. Cong. Argent. Paleont. y Biostr., Tucumin. II: 417-430.
Patterson, B. 1952. Un nuevo y extraordinario marsupial Deseadiano. Rev. Mus. Munic.

Qen. Nat. Trad, de Mar del Plata, 1: 39-44.
1958. Affinities of the Patagonian fossil mammal, Necrolestes. Breviora, 94:

1-14.

1965. The fossil elephant shrews (Family Macroscelididae). Bull. Mus.

Comp. Zool., 133: 295-335.

50 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Patterson, B., and L. G. Marshall. 1978. The Deseadan, Early Oligocene, Marsupialia
of South America. Fieldiana: Geology, 41(2): 37-100.

Paula Couto, C. de. 1952a. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil.
Marsupialia: Didelphidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 1567: 1-26.

1952b. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Mar-
supialia: Polydolopidae and Borhyaenidae. Amer. Mus. Novit., 1559: 1-27.

1952c. A new name for Mirandaia ribeiroi Paula Couto 1952. J. Mammal.,

33(4): 503.

.. 1961. Marsupials fosseis do Paleoceno do Brazil. An. Acad, brasil. Cienc,

33: 321-333.

.. 1962. Didelfideos fosiles del Paleoceno de Brasil. Rev. Mus. Argent. Cien.

Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," Cien. Zool., 8(112): 135-166.

.. 1970. News on the fossil marsupials from the Riochican of Brazil. An. Acad.

Brasil. Cienc, 42(1): 19-34.
Pearson, J. 1950. The relationships of the Potoroidae to the Macropodidae (Marsupialia).

Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1949: 211-229.
Pelsaert, F. 1630. Account of the wreck of the Batavia. In G. J. Saeghman's Verscheyde

Oost-Indische Voyagien, No. 18. Amsterdam, 1664.
Pentland, W. 1831. Further notes in regard to the fossil bones found in Wellington

Countay, New South Wales. Edinb. New Phil. J., 179-180.
1832. On the fossil bones of Wellington Valley, New Holland or New South

Wales. Edinb. New Phil. ]., 301-308.
1833. Observations on a collection of fossil bones sent to Baron Cuvier from

New Holland. Edinb. New Phil. J., 120-121.
Peters, W. 1874. Diagnosi di tre nuoui mammiferi della Nuova Guinea ed Isole Key:

Hydromys beccarii; Phalangista (Pseudochirus) albertisii; Ph. (Distoechurus) pennata. Annali

del Museo Civieo di Storia Naturule Genova, 6: 303.
1875. No title. Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde

zu Berlin, 20: 73.
Pine, R. H. 1973. Anatomical and nomenclatural notes on opossums. Proc. Biol. Soc.

Wash., 86(33): 391-402.
Piveteau, J. 1961. Marsupialia, pp. 585-637. In J. Piveteau (ed.), Traite de Paleontology.

Tome VI, 1 (Mammiferes). Paris, Masson and Cie.
Plane, M. D. 1967. Two new diprotodontids from the Pliocene Otibanda Formation, New

Guinea. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 105-128.
1976. The occurrence of Thylacinus in Tertiary rocks from Papua, New

Guinea. J. Austral. Geol. Geoph., 1(1): 78-79.
PococK, R. 1. 1926. The external characters of Thylacinus, Sarcophilus, and some related

marsupials. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1926: 1037-1084.
PoEPPiG, E. 1835. Uber den Cucurrito Chile's {Psammoryctes nodivagus, Popp.). Archiv. fiir

Naturgesch., Berlin, 1(2): 252.
Prosch, V. 1849. Nogle nye Cephalopoder. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrafter, Copenha-
gen, 1: 53-72.
Quinet, G. E. 1964. Morphologie dentaire des mammiferes eocenes de Dormaal. Bull.

Group. Internat. Recherch. Sd. Stomatol., 7: 272-294.
Ramsay, E. P. 1876. Description of a new genus and species of rat kangaroo allied to the

genus Hypsiprymnus, proposed to be called Hypsiprymnodon moschatus. Proc. Linn. Soc.

N.S.W., 1: 33-35.

1881. Notes and exhibits. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 5: 495.

Raven, H. C. 1929. "Kangaroo," Encyclopaedia Britannica. 14th ed., vol. 13: 254-255.
Ray, J. 1693. Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini Generis. 8° Lon-
don.
Reichenow, a. 1886. Bericht iiber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere

wahrend des Jahres 1885. Archiv. Naturgesch., 2: 97-232.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 51

Reid, j. 1837. Description of a new species of the genus Perameles (P. lagotis). Proc. Zool.

Soc. London, for 1836, 129-131.
Reig, O. a. 1952. Descripd6n previa de nuevos ungulados y marsupiales fdsiles del

Pliocene y del Eocuartario argentinos. Rev. Mus. Munic. Nat. Mar del Plata, 1: 119-129.
1955a. Noticia preliminar sobre la presenda de microbiotherinos vivientes

en la fauna sudamericana. Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 2(8): 121-130.

1955b. Un nuevo genero y espede de cenolestinos del Plioceno de la Provin-

da de Buenos Aires (Repiiblica Argentina). Rev. Assoc. Geol. Argent., 10: 60-71.

1957a. Sobre la posidon sistematica de Zygolestes paranensis Amegh. y de

Zygolestes entrerrianus Amegh., con una reconsideradon sobre la edad y la correladon del
Mesopotamiense. Holmbergja, 5: 209-226.

1957b. Nota previa sobre los marsupiales de la formadon Chasicb.

Ameghiniana, 1(3): 27-31.

1958a. Notas para una actualizaddn del conodmiento de la fauna de la

formaddn Chapadmalal. I. Lista faunistica preliminar. Acta geol. Lilloana, 2: 241-253.
1958b. Notas para una actualizadon del conodmeinto de la fauna de la

formadon Chapadmalal, II. Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia (Marsupialia: Didel-
phidae, Borhyaenidae). Acta geol. Lilloana, 2: 255-283.

Reig, O. A., andG. G. Simpson. 1972. Sparassoa/nus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae), a pecul-
iar mammal from the late Cenozoic of Argentina. J. Zool., London, for 1972, 167: 511-
539.

Reig, O. A.. A. L. Gardner, N. O. Bianchi, and J. L. Patton. 1977. The chromosomes of
the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.,
London, 9(2): 191-216.

Reig, O. A., J. A. W. Kirsch, and L. G. Marshall. In prep. Systematic relationships of
extant and Neocenozoic didelphoid marsupials.

Rich, T. H., and M. Archer. 1979. Namilamadeta snideri, a new diprotodontan (Mar-
supialia, Vombatoidea) from the medial Miocene of South Australia. Alcheringa, 3:
197-208.

Rich, T. H., M. Archer and R. H. Tedford. 1978. Raemeotherium yatkolai. gen et sp. nov.,
a primitive diprotodontid from the medial Miocene of South Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus.
Vict., 39: 85-91.

Richardson, B. j. and G. B. Sharman. 1976. Biochemical and morphological observa-
tions on the wallaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) with a suggested new taxonomy. J.
Zool., Lond., 179: 499-513.

Ride, W. D. L. 1957. Protemnodon parma (Waterhouse) and the classification of related
Wallabies (Protemnodon, Thylogale and Setonix). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 128: 327-346.

l%2a. On the evolution of Australian marsupials, pp. 281-306. In G. W.

Leeper (ed.). The Evolution of Living Organisms, 459 pp. Melbourne, Melbourne Uni-
versity Press.

l%2b. On the use of generic names for kangaroos and wallabies (Subfamily

Macropodinae). Austral. J. Sd., 24(9): 367-372.

1963. The effect of the suppression by the international commission on

zoological nomenclature Zimmerman 1777 upon the stability of the generic name Mac-
ropus Shaw, 1790. j. Roy. Soc. West. Austi-al., 46(4): 126-128.

1964a. A review of Australian fossil marsupials, j. Roy. Soc. West. Austral.,

47(4): 97-131.

1964b. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933

and 1963. Austral. Mammal. Soc. Bull., Suppl., 7: 1-15.

1970. A guide to the Native Mammals of Australia. Melbourne, Oxford

University Press, xiv + 249 pp.
Riggs, E. S. 1933. Preliminary description of a new marsupial saber-tooth from the

Pliocene of Argentina. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Geol. Ser., 6: 61-66.
RiNGUELET, A. B. DE. 1953. Revisi6n de los didelfidos fdsiles argentinos. Rev. Mus. Eva

Peron, La Plata, n.s., 3: 265-308.

52 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Roger, O. 1896. Verzeichnis der bisher bekannten fossilen Saugethiere. New Zusam-

mengestellt von Dr. Otto Roger. (I. Theil). Ber. Naturw. Ver. Schwaben. u. Neuburg,

32: 1-40.
Roth, S. 1903. Noticias sobre nuevos mamiferos fosiles del Cretaceo superior y Terciario

inferior de la Patagonia. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11: 133-158.
Rothschild, W. 1903. Preliminary diagnosis of a new genus and spedes of kangaroo.

Novit. Zool. London, 10: 414.
Russell, E. M. 1974. The biology of Kangaroos (Marsupialia-Macropodidae). Mammal.

Rev., 4(1-2): 1-59.
Sanborn, C. C. 1951. Two new mammals from southern Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology,

31(1951): 473-477.
Sanderson, I. T. 1949. A brief review of the mammals of Suriname (Dutch Guiana), based

upon a collection made in 1938. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 119: 755-789.
Sauvage, H. E. 1870. Des Poissons Tertiaires de Licata (Sicile). Ann. Sd. Nat. (Paris) Zool.

et., Paleont. ser. 5, 14(7): 1-26.
Schlegel, H. and S. Muller. 1842. Over drie Buiteldieren (Dendrolagus ursinus, D. inus-

tus, Dorcopsis brunii) uit de familie der Kengoeroes. Verhand. over de Natuurl. Gesch. d.

Nederland. overzee. Bezitt. Zool. Mamm. Leiden, I. Buideldier Fam. Kengoero's 129-

148.
ScHMiD, K. 1818. Naturhistorische Beschreibung der Saugethiere. Miinchen, Im Verlage

der Lithographischen Kunst-Anstalt, 192 pp.
ScHREBER, J. C. D. von. 1778. Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur., mit

Beschreibungen. Erlangen, 936 pp. (1775-1792).
Sharman, G. B. 1961. The mitotic chromosomes of marsupials and their bearing on

taxonomy and phylogeny. Austral. J. Zool., 9: 38-60.
1973. The chromosomes of non-Eutherian mammals, pp. 485-530. In A. B.

Chiarelli and E. Capanno (eds.), Cytotaxonomy and Vertebrate Evolution, 783 pp. Lon-
don, Academic Press.

1974. Marsupial taxonomy and phylogeny. Austral. Mammalogy, 1: 137-

154.
Shaw, G. and F. P. Nodder. 1790. The naturalists miscellany: or coloured figures of

natural objects; drawn and described immediately from nature, vol 1. London, Rodder

and Co., 1789-1813, 12 vols.
1791. The naturalists miscellany: or coloured figures of natural objects;

drawn and described immediately from nature, vol. 2. London, Rodder and Co., 1789-

1813, 12 vols.
SiGE, B. 1971. Les Didelphoidea de Laguna Umayo (formation Vilquechio, Cretace

superieur, Perou), et le peuplement marsupial d'Amerique du Sud. Comp. Rend. Acad.

Sd., Paris, 273: 2479-2481.
1972. La faunule de mammiferes du Cretace superieur de Laguna Umayo

(Andes peruviennes). Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, ser 3, no. 99, Sd. de la Terre, 19:

375-409.
Simpson, G. G. 1927a. Mammalian fauna of the Hell Creek formation of Montana. Am.

Mus. Novit., 267: 1-7.
1927b. Mesozoic Mammalia. 8. Genera of Lance mammals other than mul-

tituberculates. Am. J. Sd., ser. 5, 14: 121-130.

1928. Affinities of the Polydolopidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 323: 1-13.

1929. American Mesozoic Mammalia. Mem. Peabody Mus., Yale Univ.,

3(1): 1-171, 32 pis.

1930. Post-Mesozoic Marsupialia. In Fossilium Catalogus. 1: Animalia, pp.

1-87. Beriin, W. Junk, Pt. 47.

.. 1932. Some new or little-known marsupials from the "Colpodon" beds of

Patagonia. Am. Mus. Novit., 575: 1-12.

1933. The "plagiaulacoid" type of mammalian dentition. A study of con-

vergence. J. Mammal., 14: 97-107.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 53

1935a. Descriptions of the oldest known South American mammals, from

the Rio Chico Formation. Am. Mus. Novit., 793: 1-25.

1935b. Note on the classification of recent and fossil opossums. J. Mammal.,

16(2): 134-137.

1938. A new marsupial from the Eocene of Patagonia. Am. Mus. Novit.,

999: 1-5.

398.

1939. The development of marsupials in South America. Physis, 14: 373-

1941. The affinities of the Borhyaenidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 1118: 1-6.

1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull.

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 85: 1-350.

1947. A new Eocene marsupial from Brazil. Am. Mus. Novit., 1357: 1-7.

1948. The beginning of the Age of Mammals in South America. Bull. Am.

Mus. Nat. Hist., 91: 1-232.

1%7. The beginning of the Age of Mammals in South America. Part II. Bull.

Am. Nat. Hist., 137: 1-259.

1970a. The Argyrolagidae, extinct South American Marsupials. Bull. Mus.

Comp. Zool., 139: 1-86.

1970b. Mammals from the early Cenozoic of Chubut, Argentina. Breviora,

360: 1-13.

1970c. Additions to knowledge of the Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Mar-

supialia) from the late Cenozoic of Argentina. Breviora, 361: 1-9.

.. 1970d. Addition to knowledge of Groeberia (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from

the Mid-Cenozoic of Argentina. Breviora, 362: 1-17.

.. 1971. The evolution of marsupials in South America. An. Acad. Brasil.

Gene, 43: 103-118.

.. 1974. Notes on Didelphidae (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the Huayque-

rian (Pliocene) of Argentina. Am. Mus. Novit., 2559: 1-15.
Sinclair, W. j. 1906. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds: Marsupialia. Rept. Princeton

Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 4(3): 333-460.
Slaughter, B. H. 1968a. Earliest known marsupials. Science, 162: 254-255.

1968b. Holoclemensia instead of Clemensia. Science, 162: 1306.

1978. Occurrence of didelphine marsupials from the Eocene and Miocene of

the Texas Gulf coastal plain, j. Paleont., 52(3): 744-746.

Smith, j. 1612. A map of Virginia. Oxford, printed by Joseph Barnes.

Smhth Wtx>DWARD, A. 1898. Outlines of vertebrate paleontology for students of zoology.
Cambridge University Press, xxiv + 470 pp.

Spencer, B. 18%. Mammalia of the Horn Expedition. Report Horn Exped. Centr. Au-
stralia, II. Zoology, 52 pp.

1901. A description of Wynyardia bassiana, a fossil marsupial from the Ter-
tiary beds of Table Cape, Tasmania. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1900, 776-794.

Stade, H. 1557. Hans Stadens Warhafftig Historia und beschreibung einer landtschafft der
Wilden, Nacketen, Grimmigen, Menschfresser Leuthen in der New Welt America ge-
legen. Frankfurt, Chap. 32.

Stein, G. 1932. 8) Einige neue Beuteltiere aus Neguinea. Zeitschr. fiir Saugetier., Berlin, 8:

254-257.

1933. Weitere Mitteilungen Zur Systematik papuanischer Sauger. Zeitschr.

fvir Saugetier., 8(14): 87-95.

Stephenson, N. G. 1963. Growth gradients among fossil monotremes and marsupials.
Paleontology, 6: 615-624.

Stirling, E. C. 1889. No title. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Austral., 12: 158.

1891. Description of a new genus and species of Marsupialia, Notoryctes

typhhps. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Austral., 14: 154-187.

54 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Stirton, R. a. 1955. Late Tertiary marsupials from South Australia. Rec South AustraL

Mus., 11: 247-268.
1957a. Tertiary marsupials from Victoria, Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict.,

21: 121-134.
1957b. A new koala from the Pliocene Palankarinna fauna of South Au-

stralia. Rec. South Aush-al. Mus., 13: 71-81.

.. 1963. A review of the macropodid genus Protemnodon. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Geol. Sd., 44(2): 97-162.

.. 1967a. The Diprotodontidae from the Ngapakaldi fauna. South Australia.

Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral. 85: 1-44.

.. 1967b. A diprotodontid from the Miocene Kutjamarpu fauna. South Aus-

tralia. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 45-51.
Stirton, R. A., R. H. Tedford, and M. O. Woodburne. 1967. A new Tertiary formation

and fauna from the Tirari Desert, South Australia. Rec. South Austral. Mus., 15: 427-

462.
Stirton, R. A., M. O. Woodburne, and M. D. Plane. 1967. A phylogeny of the Tertiary

Diprotodontidae and its significance in correlation. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol.

Geophys. Austral., 85: 149-160.
Stoll, N. R., et al. 1961, 1964. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Adopted

by the XV International Congress of Zoology. London, International Trust for Zoological

Nomenclature.
Stonehouse, B. and D. Gilmore. 1977. In B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The

Biology of Marsupials. Biology and Environment Series, 486 pp. London, University

Park Press.
Storr, G. C. C. 1780. Prodromus methodi Mammalium . . . inaugural disputationem

propositus. Tubingen, Frid. Wolffer, 43 pp.
Stromer, E. 1932. Palaeonthentoides africanus nov. gen., nov. spec, ein erstes Beuteltier aus

Afrika. Sitzungsber. math.-nat. Abt. Bayer Akad. Wiss., for 1931, 177-190.
SwAiNSON, W. 1835. On the natural history and classification of quadrupeds. In The

cabinet cyclopaedia, conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner, viii + 397 pp. London,

Longman. Rees, Orme (etc.).
Talice, R., S. L. de Mosera, and T. Machado. 1960. Observadones sobre Monodelphis

dimidiata. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologja, IV, 149-156.
Tate, G. H. H. 1934. New generic names for two South American marsupials. J. Mam-
mal., 15: 154.
1947. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 56. On the Anatomy and

classification of the Dasyuridae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 88(3): 101-155.
.. 1948a. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 59. Studies on the anatomy

and phylogeny of the Macropodidae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 91(2):
237-351.

1948b. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 60. Studies in the

Peramelidae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 92(6): 313-346.

1951a. The banded anteater, Myrmecobius Waterhouse (Marsupialia). Am.

Mus. Novit., 1521: 1-8.

1951b. The wombats (Marsupialia, Phascolomyidae). Am. Mus. Novit.,

1525: 1-18.
Tate, G. H. H., and R. Archbold. 1937. Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 16.

Some marsupials of New Guinea and Celebes. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73: 331-476.
Tedford, R. H. 1966. A review of the macropodid genus Sthenurus. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Geol. Sd., 57: 1-72.
1967. Fossil mammal remains from the Tertiary Carl Creek Limestone,

north-western Queensland. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 92:

217-237.
Tedford, R. H., M. R. Banks, N. R. Kemp, I. McDougall, F. L. Sutherland. 1975.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 55

Recognition of the oldest fossil marsupials from Australia. Nature, London, 255(5504):

141-142.
Temminck, C. J. 1827. Monographies de mammalogie ou description de genres de mammi-

feres, dont les especes ont ^te observ^es dans les differents musees de I'eurojje. Paris,

Amsterdam, vol. 1.
Thevet, a. 1557. Les singularitez de la France Antarctiqke, avtrement nomee Amerique: et

de plusieurs terras et isles decouvertes de nostre temps. Par F. Andre Thevet, natif

d'Angoulesme. A Paris, Chex les heritiers de Maurice de la Porte.
Thomas, O. 1887a. Description of a second species of Rabbit-Bandicoot {Peragale). Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., 19: 397-399.
__^^_^^_. 1887b. The homologies and succession of the teeth in the Dasyuridae, with

an attempt to trace the history of evolution of mammalian teeth in general. Phil. Trans.

Roy. Soc. London, 178: 443-462.

1887c. On the wallaby commonly known as Lagorchestes fasciatus. Proc.

Zool. Soc: London, for 1886, 544-547.

1887d. On the sp>ecimens of Phascologale in the Museo Qvico, Genoa, with

notes on the allied species of the genus. Ann. Mus. Qvico de Storia Natur., Genova, 2
ser., 4:502-511.

1888. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the

British Museum (Natural History). London, British Museum, 401 pp.

1894. On Micourcus griseus, Desm., with the description of a new genus and

species of Didelphidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1894: 184-188.

1895a. Descriptions of four small mammals from South America. Including

one belonging to the peculiar marsupial genus "Hyraaxion" Tomes. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., (6)16: 367-370.

1895b. On Caenolestes, a still existing survivor of the Epanorthidae of

Ameghino. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1895, 870-878.

1904. On a collection of mammals made by Mr. J. T. Tunney in Arnhem-

land. Northern Territory of South Australia. Novitates Zool., 11: 222-229.
1906. On mammals collected in southwest Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston.

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2: 468-478.

1910a. A new genus for Dflch//t)ps/7fl ;«i/pfl^7r. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 6:

610.

1910b. A collection of mammals from eastern Buenos Ayres, with descrip-

tions of related new mammals from other localities. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5(8): 239-247.
1912. A new genus of Opossums and a new Tuco-tuco. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., 9(8): 239-241.

1917. Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals obtained by the Yale-

National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition. Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst.
Misc. Collect., 68(4): 1-3.

1920a. A further collection of mammals from Jujuy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

9" ser. 5, 1920: 188-1%.

1920b. On mammals from Ceram. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9* ser. 6, 1920:

422-431.

1921. A new genus of opossum from Southern Patagonia. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., 9- ser. 8, 1921: 136-139.

1923. On some Queensland Phalangeridae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 11:

246-250.

TiEDEMANN, F. 1808. Zoologie. Zu seinen Vorlesungen entworfen. 1. Allgemeine zoologie,
Mensch und Saurthiere. Landshut, in der Webersthen Buchandlung, 610 pp.

Tomes, R. F. 1860. Notes on a second collection of Mammalia made by Mr. Eraser in the
Republic of Ecuador. Proc. ZcwI. Soc. London for 1860, 211-221.

1863. Notice on a new American form of Marsupial. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don for 1863, 50-51.

56 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Travassos, L. 1937. Revisao de familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1921. Monogr. Inst.
Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 1: 1-512.

Trevigliano, a. 1504. Libretto di tutta la navigatione dei Rei di Spagna, delle Isole e
Terreni Novamente Trovati.

Trouessart, E. L. 1879. Catalogue des mammiferes vivants et fossiles . . . Insectivores.
Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 3, 7: 219-285.

1898. Catalogus Mammalian tam viventium quam fossilium. New ed. Ber-
lin, pt. 5, 665-1264.

1904-1905. Catalogus Mammalian tam viventium quam fossilium. Quin-

quinale supplementum, Berlin, 2 vols. pts. 1-2 (1904): 1-546; pts. 3-4 (1905): 547-929.
Troughton, E. 1928. A new genus, species, and subspecies of marsupial mice (Family

Dasyuridae). Rec. Austral. Mus., 16: 281-288.
1957. Furred animals of Australia. 6th ed. Sydney, Angus and Robertson,

384 pp.
TuRNBULL, W. D. 1971. The Trinity Therians: Their bearing in evolution in marsupials and

other therians, pp. 151-179. In Dental Morphology and Evolution, A. A. Dahlberg (ed.).

Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 350 pp.
TuRNBULL, W. D. AND E. L. LuNDELius, Jr. 1970. The Hamilton Fauna: A late Pliocene

Mammalian Fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana: Geology, 19:

1-163.
TuRNBULL, W. D. AND F. R. ScHRAM. 1973. Broom cave Cercartetus: with observations on

pygmy possum dental morphology, variation and taxonomy. Rec. Austral. Mus., 28:

437-464.
Tyndale-Biscoe, H. 1973. Life of Marsupials, 254 pp. London, Edward Arnold Ltd.
Tyson, E. 1698. Carigueya, seu Marsupiale americanum OR The anatomy of an opossum.

dissected at Gresham College. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 20: 105-164.
Valenciennes, A. 1838. Observations sur les machoires fossiles des couches oolithiques

de Stonefield, nommees Didelphis prevostii et D. bucklandii. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 7(11):

572-580.
Van Deusen, H. M. 1963. First New Guinea record of Thylacinus. J. Mammal., 44: 279-280.
VicQ d'Azyr, F. 1792. Systeme anatomique des quadrupedes. Encyclopedie methodique.

Paris.
Wagler, J. G. 1830. Natiirliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender classification

der Saugthiere und Vogel. Miinchen, [etc.], J. G. Cotta, 1830, 340 pp.
Wagner, ]. A. 1843 [1855]. Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von. Die Saugerthiere in

Abbildungen nach der Natur, mir Beschreibungen. Fortgesetzt von J. A. Wagner.

Supplementband, 3 Abth. Erlangen, Exped. des Schreber' schen Saugethier-und des

Esper'schen schmetterlingswerkes. . . , 1843. [lst-5th Abth., publ. 1840-1844, 1855].
Waldseemuller, M. 1516. Cosmographiae Introductio [contains World map, in the corner

of which there is the first pictorial representation of an opossum].
Waterhouse, G. R. 1836. Description of a new genus {Myrmecobius fasdatus) of mammifer-

ous animals belonging probably to the order Marsupialia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,

1836(43): 69-70.
1838. Catalogue of the Mammalia preserved in the museum of the Zoologi-
cal Society. 2nd ed., London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 68 pp.

.. 1839. Observations on certain modifications in the dentition of the Flying

Opossums (Petaurus). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1838, 149-152.

1841. Marsupialia or pouched animals. In Jardine, W., The naturalist's

library. Edinburgh, London, W. H. Lizars and Henry G. Bohn, 11: 1-323.

.. 1846. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 1, containing the order

Marsupialia or pouched animals, 553 pp. London, Hippolyte Balliere.
Weber, M. 1928. Die Saugetiere. Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 1, Anatomischer Teil (1927,
with coUaberahon of H. M. de Burlet), xv -I- 444 pp.; vol. 2, Systematischer Teil (1928,
with collaberation of Othenio Abel), xxiv -I- 898 pp.

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 57

Weigelt, j. 1933. Neue Primaten aus der mitteleozanen (oberiutetischen) Braunkohle des

Geiseltals. Nova Acta Leoptildina, n.s., 1: 97-156.
Wendt, H. 1968. Before the Deluge, 419 pp. New York, Doubleday and Co., Inc.
Westwood, j. O. 1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects. London,

Langman, Onne, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1839-1840, 2 vols.
Whitley, G. P. 1966. Some early references to the extinct marsupial, Zygomaturus. Austral.

Zool., 13: 228-230.
WiECMANN, A. F. A. VON. 1832. Page 52. hi A. F. A. von Wiegmann and J. F. Ruthe (eds.),

Handbuch der ZtxMogje, pp. vi-621. Berlin.
Wince, H. 1893. Jordfunde og nulevende Pungdyr (Marsupialia) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas

Geraes, Brasilien. Med. Udsigt over Pungdyrenes Slaegtskab. E. Mus. Lundii, 11(2):

1-149.
1923. Pattedyr — Slaegter. I. Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora,

Chiroptera, Edentata. Copenhagen, viii + 360 pp. Ill pis. (English Translation: "The

Interrelationships of the Mammalian Genera." Copenhagen, 3 vols. [1941-1942]. Transl.

by E. Deichmann and G. M. Allen).

Woodburne, M. O. l%7a. Three new diprotixlontids from the Tertiary of the Northern
Territory, Australia. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 53-103.

l%7b. The Alccwla fauna. Central Australia. An integrated palaeontological

and geological study. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 87: 1-187.

Woodburne, M. O. and R. H. Tedford. 1975. The first Tertiary Monotreme from Aus-
tralia. Am. Mus. Novit., 2588: 1-11.

WooDS-jONES, F. 1923. The Mammals of South Australia. Adelaide, Govt. Ptint., 458 pp.

1931. A re-examination of the skeletal characters of Wynyardia bassiana, an

extinct Tasmanian marsupial. Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1930: %-115.

Woods, j. T. 1960. The genera Proplcopus and Hypsiprymnodon and their position in the
Macropodidae. Mem. Qd Mus., 13: 199-212.

Yepes, j. 1972. Clase IX. Los Mamiferos (Mammalia), hi L. Cendrero (ed.), Zoologia His-
panoamericana, vol. II. Vertebrados. Mexico Editorial Pomia.

ZiECLER, A. C. 1977. Evolution of New Guinea's marsupial fauna in response to a forested
environment, pp. 117-138. hi B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The Biology of
Marsupials, 486 pp. London, University Park Press.

ZiEGLER, A. C. AND W. Z. LiDicKER, Jr. 1968. Keys to the genera of New Guinea Recent
Land Mammals. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4lh ser., 36(2): 33-71.

INDEX TO TECHNICAL NAMES

Abderites 25
Abderitesidae 24, 25
Abderitidae SSmg
Abderitinae 25
Abderitini 25
Acdestis 24
Achlysictis 23
Acrobates 28
Acroa/on 23
Acrohyaenodon 23
Aa/on 22
Acyonidae 22
Aqryprymnus 30
Agustylus 22
Ailurops 28
Alacodon 20
Albertatherium 19
Alphadon 19
Ambulatoria 27
Amperta 26
Amphidolops 25
Amphiperatherium 19
Amphiproviverra 22
Amphiproviverridae 22
Amphithereutes 22
Anadolops 25
Anatherium 22
Angelocabrerus 23
Anissodolops 25
Ankotarinja 26
Antechini 26
Atitechinomys 26
Antechinus 26
Anuromeles 27
Apera 23
Aquiladelphis 21
Archaeodolops 25
Arctodictis 23
Argyrolagidae 24
Argyrolagoidea 17
Argyrolagus 24
Argyrolestes 23
Arminiheringia 23
Arminiheringiidae 23
Asagis 20
Ascogale 26
Asyndactylia 27

Bfl/flMh'fl 28

Be/idews 28
Bematherium 31
Bettongia 30
Bettongiinae 30
Bettongiops 30
Bobbschaefferia 19
Boreodon 22
Borhyaena 23
Borhyaenidae 22, 23
Borhyaenidium 22
Borhyaeninae 22, 23
Borhyaenoidea 17
Boriogale 29
Brachalletes 31
Brachymelis 27
Burramyidae 28
Burramyinae 28
Burramys 28

Caenolestes 24
Caenolestidae 24
Caenolestinae 24
Caenolestini 24
Caenolestoidea 17
Callomenus 24
Caloprymnus 30
Caluromyinae 21
Caluromys 21
Caluromysiops 21
Camptomus 25
Caroloameghinia 21
Caroloameghiniidae 19, 21
Caroloameghiniinae 21
Carpophaga 18
Cedliolemur 19
Cedliolemuridae 19
Cedliolemur oidea 17
Centracodon 19
Ceonyx 28
Cercaertus 28
Cercartetus 28
Cercoptenus 28
Chaeropus 27
Chaetocercus 26
Chasicostylus 22
Cheironectes 19
Chironedes 19
Chironectida 19
Chironectidae 19

58

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA

59

Choeropodinae 27
Choeropus 27
Oadictidae 22
Cladictis 22
Cladoclinus 25
Cladodidelphys 20
Qadosictidae 22
Cladosictinae 22
Cladosictis 22
Clemensia 25
Clenia 21
Clenialites 21
Genialitidae 21
Coescoes 28

Conodonictidae 22, 23
Conodonictis 23
Gxma 19
Creophaga 17
Cryptolestes 24
Cutca 20
Cmscus 28

Dactylonax 28
Dactylopsila 28
Dactylopsilinae 28
Dasyuromorphia 17
Dasycercus 26
Dasyuridae 26
Dasyurinae 26
Dasyurini 26
Dasyurinus 26
Dasyuroidea 17
Dasyuroides 26
Dasyuromorphia 17
Dasyurops 26
Dasyurotherium 19
Dosyurus 26
Decastidae 24
Decastis 24
Delphodon 22
Dendrodorcopsis 29
Dendrolagina 29
Dendrolagus 29
Derorhynchus 19
Diabolus 26
Diaphorodon 22
Diarcodon 31
Didelphia 17
Didelphidae 19
Didelphidectes 20
Didelphimorphia 17, 18
Didelphinae 19
Didelphini 19
Didelphis 19
Didelphodon 22
Didelphodontinae 22
Didelphops 22
Didelphys 19
Didelphoidea 17
Didelphopsis 19

Di7«/es 23
Dimerodon 19
Dipilus 24
Diprotodon 31
Diprotodontia 17
Diprotodontidae 31
Diprotodontinae 31
Distoechurus 29
Dorcopsis 29
Dorcopsoides 29
Dorcopsulus 29
Dromida 28
Dromidella 28
Dromidob 29
Dromidops 21
Dytwmictis 23

Echymipera 27
Ectoconodon 22
Ektopodon 28
Ektopodontidae 28
Entomacodon 19
Entomophaga 17
Eobrasilia 25
Eodelphis 22
Eodidelphys 21
Eomannodon 25
Eometatheria 17
Epanorthidae 24
Epanorthinae 24
Epanorthini 24, 25
Epanorthus 24
Epidolops 25
Essoprion 24
Eucuscus 28
Eudolops 25
Eudromida 28
Euawenia 31
Euryzygoma 31
Eutentnodus 23

Fissuridort 29

Gamiw 19
Gambatherium 19
Garzonia 24
Garzonidae 24
Gashtemia 25
Gaylordia 20
Genuina 19, 27
Gerazoyphus 21
Gerboides 29
Gigantomys 29
Glasbiinae 21
Glasbius 21
Glaucodon 26
Glirina 30
Glironia 21
Groeberia 25
Groeberiidae 25

60

FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Groeberioidea 18
Grymaeomys 20
Guggenheimia 20
Gymnobelideus 28

Hadronomas 29
Hadrorhynchus 21
Halmadromus 24
Halmarhiphus 24
Halmaselus 24
Halmaturidae 29
Halmaturini 29
Halmaturus 29
Hathliacynidae 22
Hathliacynus 22
Hathlyacyninae 22
Hemibelideus 28
Hemiurus 20
Hepoona 28
Herpetotheriinae 19
Herpetotherium 20
Hesperometatheria 17
Holoclemensia 25
Holothylax 21
Homunculites 25
Hondadelphys 20
Hyaenodonops 23
Hyperdidelphys 20
Hypsiprymni 30
Hypsiprymnidae 30
Hypsiprymnodon 30
Hypsiprymnodontidae 30
Hypsiprymnodontinae 30
Hj^siprymnodontini 30
Hypsiprymnoidea 29
Hypsiprymnus 30
Hyracodon 24

Ictioborus 22
Ideodelphys 25
Ischnodon 27
Ischyrodidelphis 22
Isoodon 27

Kangeroidae 29
Kangurus 29
Keeuna 26
Koa/fl 32
Koalemus 31
Koalidae 31
Kolopsis 31
Kolopsoides 31
KooiJor 31

Lagorchestes 29
Lagostrophus 29
Lasiorhinus 30
Leptosiagon 29
Lestodelphys 20
Lestoros 24

Leucodelphis 19
Leucodidelphys 19
Lipura 32
Lipurus 32
Litokoala 31
Lutreolina 20
Lycopsis 23

Macropidae 29
Macropodidae 29
Macropodinae 29
Macropodineae 29
Macropodini 29
Macropus 29
Macrotis 27
Mallodelphys 21
Mannodon 25
Marmosa 20
Marmosops 20
Marmosopsis 20
Marsupialia 17
Marsupiata 17
Marsupicarnivora 17
Marsupidae 27, 29
Marsupionta 27, 29
Megaleia 29
Memina 19
Meniscolophus 31
Metacherius 21
Metachirops 21
Metachirus 20
Metaepanorthus 24
Metriodromus 24
Micoureus 20
Micrabderites 25
Microbiotheria 17
Microbiotheridion 21
Microbiotheriidae 21
Microbiotheriinae 21
Microbiotherium 21
Microdelphys 20
Microperorydes 27
Microtarsioides 19
Microtragulidae 24
Microtragulus 24
Mitnoperadectes 20
Minuania 20
Minusculodelphis 20
Mirandaia 20
Mirandatherium 20
Monodelphia 11
Monodelphidae 19
Monodelphiops 20
Monodelphis 20
Monodelphopsis 20
Morodactylus 32
Murexia 26
Myoictis 26
Myrmecobiidae 27
Myrmecobiinae 27

MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA

61

Myrmecobius 27

Namilamadeta 32
Nanodelphys 20
Napodonictis 23
Nasira 26
Necrolestes 15
Neorolestidae 15
Necrolestoidea 15
Nemolesles 23
Neohelos 31
Neophascogale 26
Neoryctes 17
Ngapakaldia 31
Ningaui 26
Notictis 22
Notodonus 26
Notoa/nus 22
Notodelphxfs 20
Notogale 22
Notogogus 20
Notoryctemorphia 17
Noton/cies 17
Notoryctidae 27
Notoryctoidea 18
Notosmilus 23
Nototheriidae 31
Nototheriinae 31
Nototherium 31

Oligobiotherium 21
Onychogalea 29
Opossina 19, 26, 27
Opossum 19
Omoryctes 17
Orolestes 24
Orthodohps 25
Osphranter 29
Ouvnia 31
Oxygomphius 19

Pachybiotherium 20
Pachysiagon 30
Palaeopetaurus 28
Palaeothentes 24
Palaeothentidae 24
Palaeothentinae 24
Pabeothentoides 33„„
Palaepanorthus 24
Pabrchestes 31
Palorchestidae 31
Palorchestinae 31
Parabderites 25
Parabderitini 25
Paraa/on 27
Paradidelphys 20
Paraepanorthus 25
Paragalia 27
Parahyaenodon 23
Parantechinus 26

Parhalmarhiphus 24
Pfl/CTi^ 22

Paudtuberculata 17
Pedimana 18
Pediomyidae 21
Pediomyinae 21
Pediomys 21
Peradectes 20
Peradectini 19
Peradorcas 29
Peragale 27
Peralopex 27
Peramelemorphia 17
Perameles 27
Peramelidae 27
Peramelina 17, 18, 27
Peramelinae 27
Perameloidea 18
Peramys 20
Perathereutes 22
Peratherium 20
Perazoyphium 21
Perikoala 32
Peroryctes 27
Petaurella 28
Petauridae 28
Petaurina 28
Petaurinae 28
Petaurista 28
Petauroides 28
Petaurula 28
Petaurus 28
Petaurusideae 28
Petrogale 29
Petropseudes 28
Phalanger 28
Phalangeridae 27
Phalangerinae 27
Phalangeroidea 18
Phalangista 28
Phalangistadae 27
Phalangistidae 27
Pharsophorus 23
Phascogale 26
Phascogalina 26
Phascogalinae 26
Phascolagus 29
Phascolarctidae 31
Phascolarctinae 31
Phascolarctos 32
Phascolictis 26
Phascologale 26
Phascolomidae 30
Phascohmis 30
Phascolomyda 18, 30
Phascolomyidae 30
Phascolonus 30
Phascolosorex 26
Philander 21
Phonocdromus 22, 24

62

FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY

Pichipilini 24
Pichipilus 24
Pilchenia 25
Pitheculites 25
Pitikantia 31
Plaisiodon 31
Planigale 26
Pleopodidae 30
Pleopus 30
Plesiofelis 23
Pliodolops 25
Pliolestes 24
Podabrus 26
Polydolopidae 25
Polydolopoidea 18
Polydolops 25
Polyprotodontia 17
Potamotelses 25
Potoridae 29, 30
Potoroidae 30
Potoroinae 30
Potoroini 30
Potoroops 30
Potorous 30
Prepanorthus 25
Prionotemnus 29
Proborhyaena 23
Proborhyaenidae 22, 23
Proborhyaeninae 23
Procladosictis 22
Procoptodon 30
Prodidelphys 21
Progarzonia 25
Promysopidae 25
Promysops 25
Pronotoryctidae 18
Properamelidae 18
Propleopus 30
Propolymastodon 25
Protemnodon 29
Protemnodontidae 29
Proteodidelphys 21
Prothylacocyon 23
Prothylacynidae 22, 23
Prothylacyninae 23
Prothylaajnus 23
Protodidelphis 21
Protolambda 21
Protoproviverra 22
Psammoryctes 27
Pseudantechinus 26
Pseudhalmarhiphus 24
Pseudoborhyaerta 23
Pseudocheirinae 28
Pseudocheirops 28
Pseudocheirus 28
Pseudochirini 28
Pseudochirulus 28
Pseudonotictis 22
Pseudokoala 28

Pseudolops 25
Pseudolycopsis 23
Pseudothylaa/nus 23
Psilogrammurus 28
PhVofMS 28
Pyramios 31

Qwica 20

Ramsayia 30
Raemeotherium 31
Rhizophaga 18
Rhizophascolonus 30
Rhyncholestes 24
Rhynchomeles 27

Sarcophilinae 26
Sarcophilini 26
Sarcophilus 26
Sarigua 19
Satanellus 26
Scansoridae 19
Sceparnodon 30
Schaefferia 19
Schoinobates 28
Setonix 29
Seumadia 25
Simoprosopus 31
Simosthenurus 30
Sipalus 28
Stninthopsis 26
Sipalocyon 22
Sparassocyninae 21
Sparassocynus 21
Sparassodonta 17
Sparassodontidae 22, 23
Spilocuscus 28
Stagodon 22
Stagodontidae 22
Stembergia 21
Sthenomerus 31
Sthenuridae 30
Sthenurinae 30
Sthenurini 30
Sthenurus 30
Stictophonus 26
Stilotherium 24
Strigocuscus 28
Stylocynus 23
Stylognathus 22
Suillomeles 27
Synaptodon 29
Synconodon 21
Syndactylina 27

Tflpofl 26
Tarsipedidae 30
Tarsipedides 30
Tarsipedina 30
Tarsipedinae 30

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA

63

Tarsipedoidea 18
Tarsipes 30
Thalacomys 27
Thiaeodon 22
Thlaeodontidae 22
Thlaecxlontinae 22
Thyladnidae 27
Thyladninae 27
Thyladnus 27
Tftykds 27
Thyiacodon 20
ThylacodicHs 22
Thylacoleo 31
Thylacoleonidae 31
Thylacoleontidae 31
Thylacomyidae 27
Thylacomyinae 27
Thxflacomys 27
Thylacopardus 31
Thylacosmilidae 23
Thylacosmilinae 23
Thylacosmilus 24
Thylacolherium 19
Thykq/nus 27
Thylamys 21
Thylatheridium 21
Thylax 27
Tfiylogale 29
Thylophorops 21
Tidaeus 25
TiifeMS 25

Trichosuridae 27
Trichosurinae 28
Trichosurus 28
Trichurus 28
Tnc/is 30
Troposodon 29
Tydeus 25

Ursinus 26

Vombatidae 30
Vombatoidea 18
Vomlwfus 30

Wflhw/aroo 29
WflAa/«) 31
Wakamatha 26
Wfl//flWfl 29
Womiwfu/fl 30
Wynyardia 32
Wynyardiidae 32
Wynyardioidea 18
Wyulda 28

Xenochints 28
Xenodelphis 20

Zygolestes 21
Zygomaturinae 31
Zygomaturus 31

INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES

Achocaya 20
Antechinus 26

Banded hare-wallaby 29
Bandicoot 27

barred 27

brown 27

long-nosed 27

pig-footed 27

rabbit-eared 27

rufous spiny 27

short-nosed 27
Barred bandicoot 27
Bettong 30

rufous 30
Bilby 27

Black four-eyed opossum 21
Black-shouldered opossum 21
Black wallaby 29
Boodie 30
Brown bandicoot 27
Brown four-eyed opossum 20
Brush-tailed possum 28
Brushy-tailed opossum 21

Chilean opossum-rat 24
Chuditch 26
Comadreja Colorada 20
Common opossum 19
Common wombat 30
Cuscus 28

Dalgyte 27

Desert rat-kangaroo 30
Dibbler 26
Dormouse 29
Dunnart 26

Euro 29

Feather-tail glider 28
Four-eyed, pouched opossum 21
Four-eyed, pouchless opossum 20

Gray four-eyed opossum 21
Glider 28

feather-tail 28

greater 28

squirrel 28

sugar 28

yellow-bellied 28
Gray kangaroo 29
Greater glider 28

Hairy-nosed wombat 30
Hare-wallaby 29
Honey possum 30

Kangaroo 29, 30

desert rat 30

gray 29

musky rat 30

plains rat 30

rat 30

red 29

rufous rat 30

tree 29
Koala 32
Kowari 26
Kultarr 26

Large murine opossum 20
Leadbeater's possum 28
Little rock wallaby 29
Long-nosed bandicoot 27

Mardo 26
Marl 27

Marsupial "lion" 31
Marsupial "mole" 27
Monito del Monte 21
Mountain pygmy possum 28
Mulgara 26
Murine opossum 20
Musky-rat kangaroo 30

Nailtail wallaby 29
Naked-nosed wombat 30
Native "cat" 26
Ningaui 26
Noolbenger 30
Numbat 27

Opossum 3n, 19, 20, 21
black four-eyed 21
black-shouldered 21
brown four-eyed 20
bushy-tailed 21

i

i

64

MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA

65

Opossum — Cont.

common 19

four-eyed, pouched 21

four-eyed, pouchless 20

gray four-eyed 21

large murine 20

murine 20

Patagonian 20

pouched four-eyed 21

pouchless four-eyed 20

rat 24

small murine 21

thick-tailed 20

water 19

woolly 21
Opossum-rat 24

Chilean 24
Opossums 19

Pademelon 29
Patagonian opossum 20
Pen-tailed possum 29
Phascogale 26
Pig-footed bandicoot 27
Plains rat, kangaroo 30
Planigale 26
Possum 3„, 28, 29, 30

brush-tailed 28

honey 30

leadbeater's 28

mountain pygmy 28

pen-tailed 29

pygmy 29

ringtail 28

scaly-tailed 28

striped 28
Potoroo 30

Pouched four-eyed opossum 21
Pouchless four-eyed opossum 20
Pygmy possum 29

Quenda 27
Quokka 29
Quoll 26

Rabbit-eared bandicoot 27
Rat-kangaroo 30
Rat o|x>ssum 24
Red kangaroo 29

Ringtail possum 28
Rock-wallaby 29
Rufous bettong 30
Rufous spiny bandicoot 27
Rufous-rat kangaroo 30

Sataneilus 26
Scaly-tailed possum 28
Short-nosed bandicoot 27
Short-tailed opossum 20
Small murine opossum 21
Squirrel glider 28
Striped possum 28
Sugar glider 28
Swamp wallaby 29

Tasmanian "devil" 26
Tasmanian "wolf" 27
Thick-tailed opossum 20
Tiger "cat" 26
Tree kangaroo 29
Tuan 26
Tungoo 30

Wallaby 29

banded hare- 29

black 29

hare 29

little rock 29

nailtail 29

rxKk 29

swamp 29
Wallaroo 29
Wambenger 26
Water opossum 19
Wintarro 27
Woolly opossum 21
Wombat 30

common 30

hairy-nosed 30

naked-nosed 30
Woylie 30
Wuhl-Wuhl 26

Yallara 27
Yapok 19
Yellow-bellied glider 28

Zarigueya 19

»»*^^pi^^ww

Field Museum of Natural History
Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60605
(312) 922-9410