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^AUNA HAWAIIENSIS

BEING THE LAND-FAUNA OF THE
HAWAHAN ISLANDS

''■ks

VOLUME II ^^^.^

BY VARIOUS AUTHORS

1 899—1 91

PUBLISHED IN SIX PARTS
EACH WITH A SEPARATE TITLE-PAGE

CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1913

©ambriUge :

PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

JUN15 1S55
i/BRARl

352072

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

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CAROLO R. BISHOP,

VIRO HONORATISSIMO,

QUI ANIMO BENEVOLENTE ET MANU PROFUSA

INSULIS HAWAIIENSIBUS

SCIENTIAE CAUSA

INSTITUTIONEM MAGNIFICAM

STABILIVIT,

OPUS HOC

INSCRIBITUR.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

Orthoptera by R. C. L. Perkins (Plates I and II)

Neuroptera by R. C. L. Perkins (Plates III — V)

COLEOPTERA PhYTOPHAGA BY D. SHARP (Plate VI)

Coleoptera Rhynchophora (p. 117), Proterhinidae (p. 183), Heteromera (p
CioiDAE (p. 253) BY R. C. L. Perkins (Plates VII— X) ....

MOLLUSCA BY E. R. Sykes (Plates XI and XII) .

Earthworms by F. E. Beddard

Entozoa by a. E. Shipley (Plates XIII and XIV)
Arachnida (except Acari) BY E. Simon (Plates XV— XIX)

CRU.STACEA LSOPODA BY A. DOLLFUS (Plate XX) .

Cru-stacea Amphipoda BY T. R. R. Stebbing (Plate XXI)
Hemiptera (supplement) BY G. W. Kirkaldy
Hymenoptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins
Orthoptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins
Neuroptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins
Diptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins
Twenty- one plates as mentioned above

246),

PAGE
I

31
91

17 ETC.
271

427

443

S2I

527

531
600
687
691
697

NOV 5.,

^""eton, 0, Q

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

VOL. II. PART I.

ORTHOPTERA

R. C. L. Perkins.

Price Eight Shillings.
To Subscribers Four Shillings.

The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years.

Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.

F. E. Beddard, F.R.S.

Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL

Dr L. O. Howard and W. H. Ashmead

G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S.
Sir John Lubbock, F.R.S.
E. Meyrick, F.Z.S.

R. C. L. Perkins, B.A.

R. I. POCOCK

D. Sharp, F.R.S. ...
A. E. Shipley, M.A.
M. EuG. Simon

E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.
The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S.
Mynheer F. M. van der Wulp

Earthworms.

Formicidae.

Hymenoptera Parasitica.

Hemiptera.

Thysanura and Collembola.

Macrolepidoptera.

{Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
\ Neiiroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

Myj'iapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms.

Arachnida.

Molliisca.

Microlepidoptera.

Dipt era.

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates.
Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will
be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part.

Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to
C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through
any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of

THE BERNICE FAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME II. PART I.

ORTHOPTERA
By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

Pages I — 30; Plate I coloured and Plate II uncoloured.

CAMBRIDGE:

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1899

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ORTHOPTERA

By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

ORTHOPTERA. ''■^■t^-

I, ''0.

'^'.r-'

By R. C. L. Perkins.

§ 1. General considerations on the Orthoptera.

The Hawaiian Orthoptera, although not very numerous in species, are neverthe-
less an interesting and important group. In all seventy-three species are at present
known, but of these a large proportion have no place in the indigenous fauna. Of
the seven great divisions of the Order, the Phasmodea alone are altogether unrepre-
sented. The Mantodea and Acridiodea have each a single species, both of which are
known from elsewhere, and have certainly been imported by man.

The Dermaptera and Blattodea are more numerously represented, and together
form a considerable portion of the whole fauna, but nearly all the species are well-known
insects outside the islands, and the importation of many of them has been rendered easy
by their domestic habits. In the Dermaptera there are 4 genera represented, and
7 species, none of which are endemic ; but they are nevertheless of some interest from
the fact that some of them are in all probability natural immigrants. Thus Anisolabis
pacifica has been found only on one of the islands, and there only at a considerable
elevation above the sea in the mountain forests, where it is well established. Some
of the species too exhibit very considerable variation, when a series of examples is
examined, but whether these species are similarly variable in other countries I do not
know, as the material necessary for such a comjaarison has not been available.

The Blattodea are a heterogeneous collection of 1 5 species, four of which belong
to the genus Phyllodromia, the remaining eleven representing, each one, a different genus.
Three species are not at present identified from any locality outside the islands, but in
spite of this, two of them {Phyllodromia hospes and Loboptera extraned) will certainl)'
prove to be recent importations, both being found in company with the foreign forms
in the neighbourhood of houses, and in localities, where no native fauna now exists.
The third species {Phyllodromia obtusatd), on the other hand, is no doubt truly in-
digenous, frequenting the mountain forests, where it is found amongst the leaves of
native plants, and beneath the bark of the larger trees. This species is notably variable,
and on some of the islands the variation is in a definite direction, so that it would

F. H. II. I

2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

appear to be in the process of becoming differentiated into other distinct species. All
the other species are well-known foreign forms, and in the islands they are generally
found in the neighbourhood of settlements, and often within the houses themselves,
although some have now spread widely over the lowlands and the lower slopes of the
mountains.

Thus of the 24 species representing the four primary divisions of the Order thus far
considered, one only has any claim to be considered indigenous, the rest, with the
exception of two or three species, which may possibly be natural immigrants, having
certainly been imported by man.

In striking contrast with these are the remaining two divisions of the Order, viz.
the Locustodea and Gryllodea.

The Locustodea are represented by 13 species distributed in 4 genera. Two of
these genera, each with a single species, are foreign, and both are certainly recent
importations. The Elimaea has now spread throughout the group, over the lowlands,
but the XipJiidiwn so far has been found only in Honolulu and the immediate
neighbourhood, and its introduction is probably of very recent date. The other two
genera, one with a single species, the other with ten, are peculiar to the islands,
and they are evidently allied to one another, and the more highly peculiar Brachy-
metopa with its 10 species may well have developed from some such form as the genus
Conocephaloides.

The Gryllodea are of great interest, and are the most important and extensive
section of the Hawaiian Orthoptera. Ten genera are known, and these include 36
species. Four of the latter may be at once set aside, as being of foreign origin, and
each of these four represents a different genus. The three species Gryllus innotabilis,
Gryllodes poeyi, and Gryllotalpa africana are all well-known elsewhere, and a Myrme-
cophila, although now described as new, is certainly a recent importation, since it lives
only in the nests of foreign ants, and has been found only in the city of Honolulu. The
remaining 32 species are all peculiar to the islands, and are equally distributed between
two divisions of the Gryllodea. The 16 species of the Trigonidiides are all referable to
the genus Paratrigonidiuni, and no doubt others of this genus yet remain to be dis-
covered on some of the islands. Elsewhere the genus is known from Asia. The
other 16 indigenous species of Gryllodea are distributed in 5 allied genera, which are
themselves also peculiar to the islands, and are so highly remarkable as to warrant the
formation of a separate group for their reception. Three of the genera are represented
by only a single species, but there is hope that others may yet be discovered, since
neither genus has yet been found on more than one of the several islands. Of the
other two genera, PrognatJiogryllus contains five, and Leptogryllus 8 species ; the former
has occurred on Kauai and Oahu only, while the latter is widely distributed, Kauai
and Hawaii, at either end of the chain of forest-bearing islands, each having more than
one species.

ORTHOPTERA 3

The contrast between the indigenous portion of the Hawaiian Orthoptera and the
foreign (whether introduced or naturally immigrant) is most strongly marked.

Thus the 29 foreign species are scattered through all the six great divisions of the
Order represented in the islands, while the endemic, to the number of 44, are limited to
three of these divisions. Moreover, the foreign species represent no less than 24 genera,
with an average of little more than one species to a genus, whereas the indigenous
represent but 9 genera, with an average of nearly five species to the genus.

Confining our attention to the indigenous portion of the fauna, the number of
species which fail to extend their range beyond a single island is quite remarkable, more
so, I believe, than is the case with any of the other Orders of insects.

The Phyllodroinia is found throughout the whole group, but, as has been remarked,
on certain of the islands the examples vary in a definite direction, as if tending to form
distinct species.

In the Locustodea the unique Conocephaloides has been found only on
Hawaii, and of the 10 species of Brachymetopa not one is common to any two
of the islands.

Of the Trigonidiides two species of Paratrigonidhun [P. varians and P. pacificum)
are widely, the latter indeed universally, distributed over the 6 larger islands, but it
should be noted that both these species exhibit local variation, and owing to the great
difficulty of differentiating the species of this genus, it is possible that more than one is
included under each of these names. So far as is known each of the remaining 14 species
limits its range to one or other of the islands.

In the Prognathogryllides the genus Leptogi-yllus alone has species with a range
extending over more than one of the islands, L. nigrolineatus having occurred on Oahu
and Maui, and L. forficularis on Maui and Hawaii.

Thus of the 44 endemic species five only have been found to inhabit more than
one of the islands, but the foreign species, excepting a few, which have certainly been
only very recently imported, are mostly of general distribution over the group.

There are now added 44 species (35 being truly indigenous) to the list of Ortho-
ptera, published by Herr Brunner in his paper in the Proceedings of the Zoological
Society for 1895, wherein 29 species (9 only being indigenous) were enumerated. We
are very much indebted to Herr Brunner for help in the identification of some foreign
species discovered since 1895, as well as for the great assistance we have derived from
the paper alluded to.

It may be noticed that a large Phasmid Anchiale confusa Sharp {CypJiocrania
manilata West.), brought home by the Beechey expedition, is said to have been taken
in the Sandwich Islands, as also are several other large and conspicuous Orthoptera of
other families. Certainly none of these have any place in the fauna of these islands,
although they may have been taken in those other islands in the Pacific known under
the name of Sandwich.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

§ 2. Systematic account of the Orthoptera.

DERMAPTERA.

Anisolabis Fieb.

(i) Anisolabis littorea White.

Anisolabis littoj^ea, Brunner P. Zool. Soc. London, Dec. 1895, ?• ^92-
Hab. Oahu and Maui (Blackburn). I have never met with this species.

(2) Anisolabis maritinia Bon.

Anisolabis maritinia, Brunner I.e.

Hab. Common all over the group, in the mountains.

(3) Anisolabis pacifica Erichs.

Anisolabis pacifica, Brunner I.e.

Hab. In the mountains of Kauai ; not found elsewhere.

(4) Anisolabis annulipcs Luc.

Anisolabis anmilipes, Brunner I.e.

Hab. Generally abundant, both on the plains and in the mountains.

Labia Leach.

(i) Labia pygidiata Dubr.

Labia pygidiata, Brunner I.e.

Hab. Widely distributed ; found under bark of trees in the mountains.

Chelisoches Scudder.

( I ) Chelisoches mo'rio Fab.
Chelisoches morio, Brunner I.e.
Hab. Taken on nearly all the islands, usually between the leaves of Freycinetia,

or uracaena.

ORTHOPTERA 5

Sphingolabis Borm.

(i) Sphingolabis hawaiiensis Borm.
Forficula kazvaiiensis, Brunner I.e.
Hab. Common generally throughout the islands.

BLATTODEA.

Phyllodromia Serv.
(i) Phyllodromia germanica L.

Phyllodromia germanica, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 90.
Hab. In houses.

(2) Phyllodromia hieroglyphica Brunn.
Phyllodromia hieroglyphica, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 892.
Hab. Found on several of the islands.

(3) Phyllodromia hospes, sp. no v.

Tota testacea. Frons inter oculos nonnunquam plus minusve obscurata vel rufes-
cens. Pronotum paullo latius quam longius, antice angustatum, margine postico rotun-
dato. Tegmina testacea, venis testaceis. Alae hyalinae (antice testaceae), venis
pallidis. Vena ulnaris 4-ramosa. Abdomen unicolor, testaceum. Lamina supra-analis
$ apice obtuso, late levissimeque emarginato ; lamina subgenitalis ampla. $.

Long, corporis, 1 3 mm. ; Long, pronoti, 3 mm. ; Lat. pronoti, 4 mm. ; Long,
tegminum, 1 1 mm.

The normal number of branches of the vena ulnaris appears to be 4, but some
examples have only 3, and others 5. The left and right wings sometimes differ in the
number of branches. The lamina supra-analis is sometimes hardly more than truncate
at the apex.

Hab. Kauai, and Honolulu. Found in houses, and under stones on the plains,
and is no doubt an imported species. Herr Brunner has informed us that it is allied to
P. conspersa Br.

(4) Phyllodromia obticsata Brunn.

Phyllodromia obhisala, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 892.

Hab. Found throughout the group in the mountain forests. The species varies
greatly ; examples from Molokai are remarkable for their small size, those from Kauai
are the largest, examples from Hawaii being on the average intermediate.

6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

LoBOPTERA Brunn.

(i) Loboptera extranea, sp. nov.

Nigrescens vel castanea. Frons inter oculos pallide signata. Antennae pallidae,
plus minusve fuscescentes. Pronotum subtransversum, margine antico lateribusque
flavo-niarginatis. Tegmina lobiformia, marginibus internis contiguis, lateribus flavo-
marginatis. Abdomen utrinque flavo-marginatum. Coxae pallidae, nigro-notatae ;
femora omnia (cum tibiis) pallida, nigro- vel fusco-notata, postica spinis compluribus
bilineatim subtus armata. Cerci ad basim nigricantes, apicibus pallidis. Lamina supra-
analis [$ $) transversa, triangularis, parum producta ; lamina subgenitalis $ ampla,
medio margine apicali saepe levissime exciso. $^. Long. 8"5 — 9"5 mm. Tegmen
2 '5 mm.

Hab. Maui, on the coast. Hilo, Hawaii (Bro. Matthias Newell). Probably on
all the islands, generally living in company with the young of Periplaneta australasiae.
In the development of the tegmina the sexes are quite alike. The wings are repre-
sented by pale lobes at the sides of the metanotum, the inner margins being marked by
a deep suture, but not free.

Stylopyga Fisch.
(i) Stylopyga decorata Brunn.
Stylopyga decorata, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893.
Hab. Honolulu (Blackburn).

Methana StSl.

(i) Methana ligata Brunn.

Methana ligata, Brunner I.e.
Hab. Honolulu (Blackburn).

Polyzosteria Burm.

(i) Polyzosteria soror Brunn.

Polyzosteria soror, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 219.
Hab. Common, in company with P. aiistralasiae.

Periplaneta Burm.

( I ) Periplaneta americana L.

Periplaneta americana, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, P- 893-
Hab. Abundant throughout the islands.

ORTHOPTERA 7

(2) Periplaneta australasiae Fab.
Periplaneta australasiae, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 233.
Hab. Abundant throughout the islands.

Eleutheroda Brunn.
(i) Eleutheroda dytiscoides Serv.
Eleutheroda dytiscoides, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893.

Hab. a common and injurious species ; very abundant in Honolulu, and else-
where.

Leucophaea Brunn.
(i) Lejtcophaea surinamensis Fab.
Leucophaea surinamensis, Brunner I.e.
Hab. Oahu, Kauai, Maui ; and probably on all the islands.

Nauphoeta Burm.

(i) Nauphoeta bivittata Burm.

Nauphoeta bivittata, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 287.
Hab. Two examples taken under bark of trees in Honolulu.

Oniscosoma Brunn.

(i) Oniscosoma pallida Brunn.

Oniscosoma pallida, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893.
Hab. Haleakala, Maui (650 m.). Blackburn.

EuTHYRRHAPHA Burm.

( I ) Euthyrrhapha pacifica Coqueb.

Euthyrrhapha pacijica, Brunner I.e.

Hab. Taken on several islands, and probably to be found on all.

MANTODEA.

Orthodera Burm.

(i) Orthodera prasina Burm.
Hab. Kauai ; introduced with fruit trees.

8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

ACRIDIODEA.
OxYA Serv.

(i) Oxya velox Fab.

Oxya velox, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 893.

Hab. Abundant on Kauai and Oahu, but had not spread to the other islands
in 1897.

LOCUSTODEA.

Elimaea Stal.

(i) Elimaea appendiculata Brunn.

Elimaea appendiculata, Brunner I.e.

Hab. Very abundant throughout the islands, on the plains and lower slopes of
the mountains.

Brachymetopa Redt.

The ten species, which represent this genus, are closely allied to one another,
and for the most part very similar in general appearance. The genus, though peculiar
to these islands, is allied to the widely distributed Coiioccp/ialus, but still more closely
to the Hawaiian genus Conocephaloides, described hereafter. The latter indeed, with
the general appearance of a Conocephalus, combines the characters of that genus with
some of those which distinguish Brachymetopa from it. All the species of Brachy-
metopa have the tegmina and wings in a more or less rudimentary condition, and they
are useless for purposes of flight in either sex, but serve as stridulating organs in
the <J. In B. deplanata Z the tegmina are extremely short, being only as long as
the pronotum, but in some others they extend to the apex of the abdomen, while
in others again they are intermediate in length between these extremes.

Several, and perhaps most, of the species have two distinct forms, a green and
a darker (or at least not green) one, which are so strikingly different as to suggest
at first sight that they are distinct species. There appear to be no really intermediate
forms, although the examples that are not green are themselves variable, the colour
varying from testaceous or ochreous to dark fuscous in some species. It is quite
possible that the two forms are really tending to become distinct species, at least
in certain cases, and the two Oahuan species B. discolor and B. blackbjcjnti may not
improbably have originated from a single simply dimorphic species. Certain it is that,

ORTHOPTERA g

although numerous examples of both species have been examined, no green form of
the former, or not-green one of the latter has yet been discovered. In this respect
they stand alone, for of all the other species which have been examined in such
numbers as these, the two distinct forms have been obtained. All the species are
nocturnal in their habits, and rest by day on the leaves of various forest trees or
plants. The males stridulate freely at dusk and through the night, and can be heard
for a long distance, but it is extremely difficult to locate them by sound, and we
have only occasionally been able to do so.

The modified cerci of the males, which form organs for copulation, in most cases
furnish excellent specific characters.

(i) Brachymetopa discolor Redtb.

Brachymetopa discolor', Redtenb. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1891, p. 431 ; Brunner
P. Z. S. Dec. 1895, p. 894.

(Plate I. figs. I & ii? ; and Plate II. figs, i & \a.)

This is a very distinct species, and may be known at once from dark varieties
of several of the green species by the shining coal-black front of the head, and the
black-spotted legs.

Hab. Both mountain ranges of Oahu. Mts. near Honolulu (1500 — 2000 ft.).
Waianae Mts. (2000 ft.).

(2) Brachymetopa blackburni Bormans.

Conocephalm blackbtirni de Bormans Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. 1882, p. 346.

Brachymetopa blackburni Redtenbacher Verb. Ges. Wien, 1891, p. 431 ; Brunner
P. Z. S. 1895, P- 894-

(Plate I. fig. 2.)

Hab. Mountains near Honolulu, 1500 ft. and upwards.

De Bormans says that this species is found on several of the islands, but the
examples taken on islands other than Oahu, no doubt belong to different species.
Although I have frequently taken the adult ?, and young of both sexes, I have never
seen an adult Z.

(3) Brachymetopa nitida Brunn.

Brachymetopa nitida, Brunner Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1895, P- 894-
(Plate I. figs. 3, 3«, & lb; and Plate II. figs. 2 & 2a.)

Hab. The original examples were taken in Kona, Hawaii. I have since collected
it on the lower slopes of Mauna Kea, above Hilo, and freely at Olaa in the Puna
F. H. II. 2

lo FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

district. In neither of these localities do the specimens agree with the typical ones,
or with each other, but owing to the variation exhibited, they cannot be regarded
as distinct species.

Brachymetopa nitida, van hildensis, van nov. ^ with the tegmina shorter than
in typical specimens, the greatest length shown by these examples being only lo mm.

Brachymetopa nitida, var. ptmae, var. nov. Generally larger than the other forms,
attaining; the followinsf dimensions.

Long, corporis (haud contracti) $ 25, $ 27 mm. ; pronoti $ 6'5, ? 7 mm. ; tegminum
$ II, ? II — 13 mm.; femorum post. $ 16, $ 17mm.; ovipositoris 12 mm.

One or two of the $$ however have the femora of only 13 mm. and therein
agree with the var. hiloensis, but still remain distinct from the typical specimens by
the short tegmina, the length of which is only 8 mm.

Brachymetopa nitida, var. crassipes, var. nov. The tibiae are evidently stouter
than in the other forms. $.

Long, corporis 23 mm. ; pronoti 6'5 mm. ; tegminum io'50 mm. ; femorum
post. 13 mm.

A single ^ was taken at Kilauea (4000 ft.). This is the highest elevation at
which the genus has occurred.

The ^ characters seem to be identical in the various forms ; the upper hooks of
the cerci are bent upwards, the lower are very long and rise up behind the former
to a considerably higher level.

(4) Brachymetopa kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Viridis. Mandibulae in parte apicali nigrae. Labrum cum fronte tota pallidum.
Tegmina abbreviata, tympano $ minus infuscato, haud nitido. Tibiae posticae utrinque
spinulis armatae. Unci cercorum $ inferiores decumbentes. $'^.

Long, corporis $ 19, $ 21 mm.; fastigii vert. $ r2, ? 1*5 mm.; pronoti $ 5'5,
$ 6 mm.; tegminum ^ 775, ? 8 mm. ; femorum post. $ 12, $ 13 mm. ; ovipositoris
1 1 mm.

Hab. Makaweli, Kauai (2000 ft.). Rare, i $ taken in 1895, ^^^ i <? in 1897.

(5) Brachymetopa unica, sp. nov.

Viridis. Mandibulae pallidae, margine interno nigro. Frons media plaga lata
triangulari rufo-brunnea ornata. Fastigium verticis latum, apice fere truncato. Teg-
mina ad apicem abdominis se extendentia, subacuminata, densissime venosa. Tibiae
posticae interne spinis raris, externe fere nullis (una tantum), armatae. ?.

ORTHOPTERA ii

Long, corporis 20 mm. ; fastigii vert, i -5 mm. ; pronoti 6 mm. ; tegminum 1 1 mm. ;
femorum post. 12 mm. ; ovipositoris io'5 mm. (Plate I. fig. 4.)

Hab. Mountains near Honolulu, Oahu. A single ? taken in 1S96, amongst
B. blackburni and B. discolor. It is a very distinct species, and the tegmina with
their somewhat sharp apices with the margins narrowly reddish, are unlike any other
species.

(6) Brachymetopa affinis, sp. nov.

Viridis. Mandibulae ad apices nigrae. Frons tota pallida. Tegmina sublonga,
capite cum pronoto evidenter longiora. Tibiae posticae interne spinulis perpaucis
armatae. $.

Long, corporis 22 mm. ; fastigii vert. 2 mm. ; pronoti 6 mm. ; tegminum i r5 mm. ;
femorum post. 1 3 mm. ; ovipositoris 1 1 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai, 3000 ft. One ? taken in June 1894. This individual
was referred by Brunner to his B. deplanata, a species peculiar to Lanai. From an
examination of the much larger material obtained during my second visit, I feel sure
that no species of the genus is found on more than one island of the group. The
present species is most closely allied to B. blackburni, but the absence of the distinct
black transverse marks on the face at the base of the mandibles, and the less spinose
posterior tibiae will easily distinguish it. The latter on their outer margin have only
four spines.

(7) Brachymetopa parviila, sp. nov.

Laete viridis, subnitida. Mandibularum pars apicalis plus minusve nigra. Frons
tota pallida. Tegmina capite cum pronoto baud longiora. Tibiae posticae externe
spinulis nullis armatae. Unci cercorum $ superiores validi, fortiter erecti. Ovipositor
$ perlongus, femore postico longior. $^.

Long, corporis $ 18, ? 19 mm.; fastigii vert. ^ i, ? i mm.; pronoti ,? 5, ? 5"5 mm.;
tegminum $ 7'5, ? 8 mm.; femorum post. $ 9*5, $ 11 mm.; ovipositoris 12-5 mm.
(Plate L fig. 6.)

Brachymetopa parvula, var. brunnea, var. nov. Corpus totum pallide brunneum.
(Plate L fig. 6a.)

Hab. Mountains of West Maui above Lahaina (3000 ft.). One $ and several ?
taken ; var. brunnea a single pair taken off the same branch of a tree in the same
locality. This is on the whole the smallest species of the genus. The male characters
are quite distinct from those of any other species, the upper of the two processes of
the modified cercus rises erect, and is both long and stout ; the lower one is much
bent and directed backwards. In the % the ovipositor is of unusual length for the
size of the species.

2 — 2

12 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(8) Brachymetopa mauiensis, sp. nov.

Nitida, viridis. Mandibulae apices versus nigrae. Frons pallida, juxta basim
mandibularum utrinque nigropunctata. Tegmina fortiter reticulatim venosa, capite
cum pronoto breviora. Tibiae posticae externe inermes. Unci cercorum $ superiores
breves, inferiores suberecti et his multo longiores. ^?.

Long, corporis $ i8, $ 21 mm.; fastigii vert. ^ i, ? r25mm.; pronoti $ 5-5,
$ 5"5 mm.; tegminum $ 8 — 8'5, $ 8-5 mm.; femorum post. $ 10, ? 11 '5 mm.; ovi-
positoris 10 mm. (Plate I. fig. 5; and Plate II. figs. 4 & ^a.)

Brachymetopa mauiensis, var. ochracea, var. nov. % major (long. 24 mm.), colore
ochraceo.

Hab. Maui. West Maui Mts. in the lao Valley. Z%- Haleakala (4000 ft.) t-
The ti from the latter locality have the tegmina slightly longer, but otherwise agree
exactly with that from the distant western mountains. Var. ochracea, lao Valley i %.

(9) Brachymetopa molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Viridis, praecedenti cognatissima, sed minus nitida. $ unco superiore cercorum
multo longiore et fortiore : ? tegminibus apices versus magis longitudinaliter venosis,
minus reticulatis, bene distinguenda. <??.

Long, corporis $ 20, ? 25 mm.; fastigii vert. ^ i"5, ? 175 mm.; pronoti $ 5*5 — 6,
^ 6 mm.; tegminum $ 8*5 — 10, ? 10 mm.; femorum post. $ 1 1 '5, ? i2"5 mm.; ovi-
positoris 1 1"5 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai (3000 — 4000 ft.).

The species here described was assigned partly {$) to B. nitida, and partly (?) to
B. deplanata by Herr Brunner. The Z is quite distinct from the former by the
unarmed outer margin of the posterior tibiae, and by the cerci, and the % taken in
the same locality agrees so well in most respects with the Z that I have little doubt
of its identity.

(10) Brachymetopa deplanata Brunn.

Brachymetopa deplanata, Brunner Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1895, p. 894.

(Plate I. fig. 7; and Plate II. figs. 3 & 3«.)

The Z of this species (I have not seen an adult $) is very distinct from any other,
by the very short tegmina, which are subequal to the pronotum in length, and the
cerci are also peculiar, the upper hook being simply transverse in direction and slightly

«l

ORTHOPTERA 13

curved, the lower is also transverse and decumbent with its apex inclined downwards.
The females assigned to this species in the original description, I have otherwise
disposed of (vide B. affinis and B. molokaiensis).
Hab. Lanai (2000 ft.).

DiSPOSITIO SPECIERUM GENERIS BRACHYMETOPAE.

1. (<?) Tibiae posticae utrinque spinulis multis armatae.

2. (j) Frons capitis tola pernigra discolor.

3. (2) Frons pallida.

4. (j) Mandibulae subtotae nigrae ; frons capitis juxta basim mandibularum

utrinque linea nigra transversa signata blackburni.

5. {4) Mandibulae ad basim pallidae ; frons capitis haud nigrolineata.

6. (7) $ uncus cercorum inferior decumbens ; ? tegmina capite cum pronoto

evidenter breviora kaiiaiensis.

7. ((5) $ cercorum uncus inferior erectus ; 9 tegmina capite cum pronoto

haud evidenter breviora nitida.

8. (7) Tibiae posticae in margine interno inermes vel perpaucis spinulis

(4 ad max.) armatae.

9. {10) Tegmina i brevissima, pronoto longitudine subaequalia deplanata.

10. (p) Tegmina $ pronoto evidenter longiora.

11. {12) Frons capitis plaga magna triangulari rufo-brunnea ornata. Tegminum

apices subacuminati laiica.

12. (11) Frons unicolor ; tegminum apices rotundati.

13. {14) Tegmina capite cum pronoto evidenter longiora affinis.

14. (/j) Tegmina capite cum pronoto haud longiora.

15. {16) Uncus superior cercorum $ erectus, supra inferiorem elevatus. $ ovi-

positor femore postico longior .parviila.

16. (/J) (J uncus superior cercorum haud erectus. ? ovipositor femore

postico brevior.

1 7. {18) Magis nitida. $ uncus superior cercorum brevis. $ tegmina apices

versus fortiter reticulatim-venosa tnauiensis.

18. (77) Minus nitida. S uncus superior cercorum minus brevis. 9 tegmina

apices versus ex majore parte longitudinaliter venosae molokaiersis.

CoNOCEPHALOiDES, gen. nov.

A genere Conocephalo differt lobis genicularibus inermibus, a Bi^achymetopo lobis
meso- et metasterni angustis, femoribus posticis perlongis, intermediis ter longioribus,
alis tegminibusque perfecte explicatis, capite et corpore toto (excepto ovipositore)
multo longioribus.

(i) C. hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Viridis. Mandibulae flavae. Labrum pallidum, roseotinctum. Fastigium verticis
inferum haud in spinam productum, vix longius quam latius, apice rotundato. Anten-
narum articulus basalis viridis, caeteri subtestacei, apicem versus fuscescentes. Pronotum

14 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

supra utrinque fusco-lineatum, lateribus flavomarginatis. Alae tegminibus vix bre-
viores. Femora omnia viridescentia, posticorum marginibus inferioribus spinis armatis.
Tibiae pallide fuscescentes, posticae biseriatim spinosae. Tarsi graciles. Ovipositor
rectus. %.

Long, corporis cum ovipositore 46 mm. ; pronoti 8 mm.; tegminum 38 mm.; fern,
post. 23 mm.; ovipositoris 17 mm. (Plate I. fig. 8.)

Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.); i % taken, Dec. 1896.

XiPHiDiUM Serv.

( I ) Xiphidium fusctini Fab.

Xiphidiuni fusctun, Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, p. 894.
Hab. Only in and around Honolulu.

GRYLLODEA.

Gryllotalpa Latr.

( I ) Gryllotalpa africaua Fab.

Hab. This introduced species abounds on the windward side of Oahu, and is
injurious on the sugar plantations.

Myrmecophila Latr.

(i) Myrmecophila quadrispina, sp. nov.

Atrofusca, ore, antennis, pedibus, cercisque, vel nonnullis ex his, pallidis. Frons
capitis breviter pilosa. Corpus subtilissime sericeo-pubescens. Cerci conspicue pallido-
pilosi. Femora postica obscurata, fortissime dilatata ; tibiarum posticarum marginibus
interioribus spinis quattuor armatis, prima (sive basali) brevi, secunda quartaque multo
longioribus, tertia, quam spina basalis quoque, evidenter multo breviore. Z ?• Long.
2'2 mm. (Plate H. fig. 7.)

Hab. Honolulu, in gardens in the city. An imported species, living in the nests
of foreign species of ants.

Gryllus L.

(i) Gryllus innotabilis Walk.

Gryllus innotabilis, Brunner P. Z. S. Lond. 1895, p. 895.
Hab. Abundant on all the islands.

ORTHOPTERA 15

Gryllodes Sauss.

(i) Gryllodes poeyi Sauss.
Gryllodes poeyi, Brunner loc. cit.

Hab. Common generally on the plains, and lower slopes of the mountains.
Obs. An immature example of a second species of Gryllodes was obtained at
Lahaina, Maui, but no adult.

Paratrigonidium Brunn. (1893).

The sixteen species of this genus are closely allied to one another, and in some
cases the specific characters are difficult to appreciate. This is partly due to the varia-
bility of some of the species, but also to the changes which take place after the death
of the insect in the process of drying. Thus P. viridescens in life is quite different in
appearance (Plate I. fig. 11) to any other species of the genus, and its peculiar habits
leave no doubt that it really is distinct, yet in dried examples its resemblance to several
other species is extreme. P. pacijicum, the first-described Hawaiian species, is in some
respects the most aberrant of the series, since it differs from all the others in the structure
of the ^ genitalia, and of the % ovipositor, as well as in the neuration of the lateral field
of the tegmina (Plate II. fig. to).

As to the absence of wings in this genus, it is noteworthy that although in
the adult insect the metathoracic wings are entirely wanting, yet in the penultimate
state they are as well developed as the mesothoracic (or tegmina). Thus both the
tegmina and the wings develope equally during the earlier stages up to the last
ecdysis, when the tegmina undergo a further and very great developement, while the
wings, on the other hand, not only cease to develope, but entirely abort.

The habits of the various species are interesting, and a large number are found to
inhabit only one particular species of tree or plant. Thus P. viridescens and P. filicum
live amongst ferns, but each is found only on one particular species of fern. P. saltator
hides at the bases of the leaves of Freycinetia, P. atroferrugineiini amongst those of
Metrosideros. Several species are found only beneath the bark of large trees, but
P. pacifiaim is to a large degree terrestrial. Most of the species are nocturnal in their
activities, others are active by day, but generally only in damp shady gulches and dense
forests. P. pacijicum in such situations sings the whole day through, with a plaintive
chirp, but at night all the species are most active and noisy. There is a considerable
difference between the songs of some of the species, and in some cases the sound can
be heard at a great distance. The power of leaping of most of the species is prodigious,
and the time that must be spent to collect a series of the most active ones is very

1 6 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS

considerable. The ground-frequenting P. pacificum is on the whole the most easily-
captured, the arboreal species in spite of their small size will clear several feet in one
jump, and several leaps will be made with astonishing rapidity. After this however
the distance covered at a leap becomes shorter and shorter till eventually the power of
leaping is nearly entirely lost, and the insect attempts to escape by running.

( I ) Paratrigonidium freycinetiae, sp. nov.

Frons pallida. Antennarum articulus primus et secundus nigricantes. Pronotum
atrum, postice nonnunquam pallidius. Femora antica et intermedia nigricantia. Femora
postica supra nigra ; ad apices etiam et externe et interne nigra, ad basini pallida.
Tibiae pallidae, anticae et intermediae distincte nigronotatae. Tegmina, cerci, et
antennae (basi excepta) pallide flavescentia. $.

Long, corporis 6 mm., pronoti i'^ mm., tegminum 4'2 mm., femorum post.
5 "3 mm., ovipositoris 2 mm.

Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.). Very rare, three females taken from Freycinetia.
I saw one .?, but was unable to capture it. It is excessively wild and active.

(2) Paratrigonidmm saltaior, sp. nov.

Frons cum pronoto pallida. Femora antica et intermedia nigra ; femora postica
supra nigricantia, externe interneque ex majore parte pallida. Tibiae intermediae anti-
caeque, plus minusve distincte, maculatae. Tegmina tota pallide flavescentia. Anten-
narum articulus primus sat pallidus. $. (Long. sp. praecedentis.)

This species is closely allied to the preceding, and only the male sex of the one and
the female of the other was taken, but the different colour of the pronotum, and of the
hind femora, will readily separate them. The superior tegmen of P. saltator is uni-
colorous, pale yellowish, with no dark mark adjoining the vena stridulans, and the front
and intermediate femora are entirely of a dark pitchy or black colour.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu, above 2000 ft. Rare. Apparently attached to the

Freycinetia.

(3) Paratj'igonidi^im roseuni, sp. nov.

Caput cum articulo primo antennarum, et femora omnia laete rosea. Tibiae tarsi-
que pallidi. Tibiae posticae roseo-tinctae. Pronotum ex majore parte nigrum. An-
tennae, tegmina, et cerci pallide flavescentia. %.

Long, corporis 7 mm., pronoti I's mm., tegminum 4'5 mm., femorum post. 5 mm.,
ovipositoris 2*5 mm. (Plate L fig. 9.)

ORTHOPTERA

Hab. Mountains of West Maui (3000 ft.). A single ? taken from Metrosideros.
Like the preceding it is a very quick and strong jumper and difficult to seize. I saw-
several other specimens, when the individual described above was taken, but was un-
able to revisit the locality.

(4) Pai'atrigonidium atroferrugineuni Brunn.

Paratrigonidium atroferrugineuni Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, P- 895.

(Plate I. fig. 10.)

This is a very distinct species, and cannot be confused with any other. The black
tegmen of the Z with its orange-coloured border, and the black femora with red apices
in both sexes, give it a very distinctive appearance. The tegmina of the % are generally
entirely pale, but sometimes black in the centre with a ferruginous border, very much
as in the ^.

Hab. Island of Molokai only. Lives in the leaves of Metrosideros polymorpJia,
but chiefly if not solely in those of one special form of this very variable tree. The
young of the cricket is entirely green in all its stages.

(5) Paratrigonidium subroseum, sp. nov.

Totum pallidum, plus minusve roseo-tinctum, femoribus tibiisque omnibus imma-
culatis. Z %.

Long, corporis t 7'5. ? r'5 mm. ; pronoti t i'5, ? i'5 ; tegminum t 5'6, ? 4"8 mm.;
femorum post. ? 5, ? 5'2 mm. ; ovipositoris 2-5 mm.

This is a very distinct species. There is no dark spot on the tegmen behind the
vena stridulans, such as is present in most of the Hawaiian species. In the immature
stages the insect is entirely green. After death the rosy pigment has a tendency to
become massed in certain parts, as is also the case with the green pigment in other
species, but the legs are in reality quite unspotted.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu (2000 ft.). Attached to bushy trees o{ Metrosideros.

(6) Paratrigonidium Jilicum, sp. nov.

Brunneum, testaceum, vel olivaceum. Frons pallida, nonnunquam notis fuscis,
plerumque minus distinctis, ornata. Antennae subinfuscatae, basim versus articulis
paucis, rare dispositis, obscurioribus. Tibiae anticae minus distincte fusco-notatae.
Femora postica interna fere concoloria, vel tantum duabus notis minus distinctis fuscis
signata. Tibiae posticae supra pallidae. t Tegmen de.xtrum post venam stridulantem
plaga triangulari nigra ornatum : hac, majore ex parte, laevi, minus rugosa. Cerci
minus elongati. (Plate II. fig. 6.) <? $.

F. H. II. 3

1 8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Long, corporis (cum tegminibus) t 7'2, ? 67 mm. ; tegminum ^ 5-5, % 4*5 mm. —
Lat. tegminum ^ 3 mm.— Long, femorum post, t 5'4, % 5'8 mm.; ovipositoris 27 mm.;
cerci % 3 mm.

Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.). In dense forest frequenting a tall soft fern, which
covers the ground beneath the trees. Distinguished from the two following species by
the much less distinct markings of the legs generally, and the almost entirely pale pos-
terior tibiae. Immature examples are entirely green.

(7) Paratrigonidium viridescens, sp. nov.

Pallidum, subviridescens (vivum eleganter viride), nigro-ornatum. Frons nigro-
notata. Pronotum lateribus nigris. Femora omnia cum tibiis distincte nigro-notata.
Tegmen [$) dexterum maculis distinctis circa venam stridulantem, et saepe ad latera, et
ad apicem plus minusve ornatum. $ $.

Long, corporis J 7*5, $ 7 mm. ; pronoti $ i"5, ? i'5 mm.; tegminum $ y2, % 4"5
mm. — Lat. tegminum $ 3 mm. — Long, femorum post. $ 5"2, $ 5'8 mm. ; ovipositoris
2-5 mm. (Plate L fig. 11.)

This species is very distinct in life, the general colour being then of a delicate
light green. This unfortunately soon fades in dried specimens although a slight tint
still remains. The most noticeable characters are the unusually sharply defined black
markings, which vary in extent, but are scattered over the tegmen, and not entirely
confined to the neighbourhood of the vena stridulans. The black marks on the legs are
very distinct, and the tegmen is rather long in proportion to its width.

Hab. Olaa, Hawaii, 2000 ft. Lives amongst a beautiful creeping fern, which
clothes the tree trunks in wet forests.

(8) Paratrigonidium varians, sp. nov.

Colore brunneo vel testaceo. Frons pallida, lineis maculisque nigris vel fuscis
variabilibus ornata. Antennae basim versus articulis nigricantibus, rare dispositis,
variegatae. Pronotum maculis fuscis vel nigris supra ornatum, lateribus fusco- vel nigro-
marginatis. Tegmen $ dextrum macula nigra post venam stridulantem signatum, ibique
ex majore parte fere planum, vix rugulosum ; pars caetera (nonnunquam fere tota) plus
minusve infuscata. Tibiae anticae et intermediae nigro-notatae ; femora postica intus
satis distincte nigro- vel fusco-notata. Tibiae posticae juxta basim pallidae ; hac parte
excepta, fere totae nigricantes, tantum ad basim spinarum pallidae.

Long, corporis J6'5, ? 6"5 mm. ; pronoti ^ i'2, $ 1-2 mm.; tegminum ^ 5, $ 4*4 mm. —
Lat. tegminum $ 2-5 mm. — Long. fem. post. ^ 5, $ 5*5 mm. ; ovipositoris 27 mm.

ORTHOPTERA

This species greatly resembles P. viricicscens, in dried examples, although when
fresh, and not discoloured, it has a totally different appearance. It appears to be a
variable species, and the examples taken in different localities are rarely altogether
similar.

Hab. Puna (2000 ft), and Kau (4000 ft.), Hawaii ; mountains of West Maui ;
Honolulu (2000 ft.); Makaweli, Kauai (2000 ft.). Apparently always rare. It is an
arboreal species.

(9) Paratrigonidiuni grande, sp. nov.

Statura majore, colore testaceo vel brunneo. Frons cum pronoto plus minusve
atro- vel fusco-notata. Antennae articulis multis nigricantibus variegatae. Tibiae
anticae et intermediae distincte fusco- vel nigro-maculatae. Femora postica interna
notis compluribus nigris ornata. Tibiae posticae supra ex majore parte fuscae vel
subnigrae, ad basim spinarum pallidae. $ Tegmen dextrum post venam stridulantem
plaga triangulari nigra, laevi, haud rugosa. $ $.

Long, corporis (cum tegminibus) $ 9*5, $ 87 mm.; pronoti $ 17, $ 2 mm.;
tegminum ^ 7, ? 575 mm. — Lat. tegminum $ 3'8 mm. — Long, femorum post. $ 6'2,
$ 6'2 mm.; ovipositoris 3 mm. (Plate I. fig. 12.)

Hab. Hawaii, in the Puna, Kau, and Kona districts. Lives beneath the bark
of trees, coming outside only at night. The young are of the same colour as the
adult, not green like those of the three preceding species. The large size, combined
with the smooth area behind the vena stridulans of the $, will distinguish this species
from any other.

(10) P aratrigonidium crepitans, sp. nov.

Testaceum, capite plus minusve fusco-variegato, antennarum articulis basalibus
pallidis. Pronotum fusco-variegatum. Femora omnia distincte nigro-notata ; tibiae
posticae variegatae. Cerci pallidi, breviores. Tegmen ^ dextrum post venam stridu-
lantem macula nigra ornatum, hac plaga tota rugulosa. i%.

Long, corporis (cum tegminibus) J" 7, ? 6 mm. ; pronoti % i "5 mm. ; tegminum
t 5'5> ? \'- mm-; femorum post. ^ 5'2, % 5'5 mm.; cerci ^ 3'25 mm.; ovipositoris
2'5 mm.

Very like P. filicimi and the allied species in general appearance, but the $ is
quite distinct by the evidently less smooth (more rugulose) dark area behind the
vena stridulans.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.), rare, or at least very difficult to obtain, living amongst
heaps of dead wood, or in low vegetation.

3—2

20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

( 1 1 ) Paratrigonidium robustuni, sp. nov.

Forma et colore fere praecedentis, sed major et cercis evidenter longioribus
distinguendus. ^.

Long, corporis 9 mm. ; pronoti i '6 mm. ; tegminum 6 mm. — Lat. tegminum
3'5 mm. — Long, femorum post. 6 mm.; cercorum 4'6 mm.

Very like the preceding species but decidedly larger and with longer cerci. The
species is altogether more robust than most others of the genus. The black area
behind the vena stridulans well-marked, and rugulose as in the preceding.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.); i ,^ taken from beneath the bark of a tree.

(12) Paratrigonidiiiin molokaiense, sp. nov.

Testaceum, fronte inter antennas tota nigra. Clypeus totus vel ex majore parte
niger. Articulus antennarum primus et secundus nigri vel picei. Pronotum cum
capite inter setas distincte pallide pubescens. Femora omnia cum tibiis distinctissime
nigro-notata ; femora postica notis minimis compluribus nigris intus ornata. Tegmen J
dextrum plaga post venam stridulantem nigra, tota rugosa, maculisque compluribus
postice, necnon in campo laterali, signatum. Tegmina % supra pallida, campo laterali
toto nigricante. Cerci pallidi, minus longi. 1; %.

Long, corporis J' 8, ? 7 mm.; pronoti $ 1-4, % 1-4 mm. ; tegminum ^ 5'5,
% 4"5 mm — Lat. tegminum ^ 3"2 mm. — Long, femorum post. ^ 5*2, % 5"2 mm.;
ovipositoris 27 mm.; cercorum % 3'2 mm.

Certainly a distinct species, the hind femora (at least in the ^) rather more
strongly clavate, than in most of the genus.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai (3000 ft.); rare, i ^ i ? taken amongst low vege-
tation.

(13) Paratrigonidium attenuattmi, sp. nov.

Pallide testaceum, angustum, elongatum, femoribus omnibus nigro-notatis. Teg-
men T; dextrum post venam stridulantem plus minusve evidenter nigro-notatum, plaga
nigra rugulosa, speculo angustissimo, fortiter elongato. ^ $.

Var.

majoi

Var. minor,

Long.

corporis $

8-25

mm.

7-25 mm.

pronoti

17 ..

tegminum

5-5^

Lat.

275 ..

Long.

fem. post,
ovipositoris

6-5,

6'S
3-5

5-5 ..

(Plate I. fig. 13; and Plate II. fig. 5.)

ORTHOPTERA 21

Apparently there are two forms, a larger and a smaller, of this species, the former
being found at a greater elevation in the mountains than the latter. Except for
the difference in size I see no other noticeable distinction between the adults, yet,
if I am not mistaken, the immature forms of the larger examples are green, while
those of the smaller are not.

This species is easily distinguished by the very narrow speculum of the ^ tegmen.
The large examples are not much less long than P. graiide, but the ^J is a much
narrower insect.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft), the larger form. The smaller at an elevation of 2000 —
3000 ft. Both live beneath the bark of large trees.

(14) P aratrigonidiuni dcbi/c, sp. nov.

Angustum, testaceum, fronte cum pronoto pallida, fusco-notata. Tegmen $ dextrum
circa venam stridulantem nigro-maculatum. Tibiae anteriores et intermediae distincte
fusco- vel nigro-notatae. Femora postica notis parvis nigricantibus nonnullis interne
signata. Cerci pallidi. $.

Long, corporis 6"8mm. ; pronoti V2 mm.; tegminum 4*5 mm. — Lat. tegminum
2 '5 mm. — Long, femorum post. 5 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu (2000 ft. and upwards). 3 $ taken.

(15) Paratrigonidiiun exiguum, sp. nov.

Minimum, brunneum, fronte et pronoto variegatis, baud concoloribus. Pro
notum ex majore parte nigro-fuscum, pallido-notatum. Antennae articulis basalibus
exceptis infuscatae. Femora omnia cum tibiis fortiter nigro-notata. Cerci fuscescentes.

Long, corporis ^ 6, $ 6 mm.; pronoti % I'S mm.; tegminum ^ 4, ? 4 mm. — Lat.
tegminum t 2"5 mm. — -Long, femorum post. ^ 4-2, $ 5 mm.

A very small species, bearing a great superficial resemblance to P. pacificum Scud.,
but not really allied at all to that (so far as the Hawaiian species are concerned)
isolated species. The variegated pronotum, short cerci &c., will distinguish it at a
glance, while the different neuration of the lateral field of the tegmina, and the
different form of ovipositor, show that it is really more nearly allied to any of the
preceding species, than to P. pacificum, which it superficially so greatly resembles.

Hab. a single pair taken in the Waianae mountains, Oahu, at an elevation of
3000 ft. It is an arboreal species.

2 2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i6) P aratrigonidium pacijicum Scudd.

Trigonidimn pacificum Scudder P. Boston Soc. xii. 1868, p. 139.

Parat7'igonidumi pacific7im Brunner P. Z. S. Lond. 1895, p. 895.

This species may be known from any of the preceding by the different neuration
of the lateral field of the tegmina. (Plate II. fig. 6ff.) The pronotum is never
variegate, nor have the posterior femora towards the base outwardly a large number
of closely-set small, but separate, spots, as most of the species of the genus. The
cerci are unusually long and in the % extend far back behind the ovipositor. The
^ genital armature (often withdrawn into the body) is quite different to that of any
of the preceding, in all of which it terminates in two elongate free processes, which
bear minute denticles. In the present species there are no such processes. The
ovipositor is also of different form, being interrupted at about the middle of the
length of its superior margin. In all the other species, the interruption is nearer
the apex than the middle. The ^ tegmina (which vary greatly in colour) are never
maculate. In its habits this species is largely terrestrial, although it often ascends
certain plants, especially frequenting the tree ferns, and the stems and dead leaves of
the banana. In colour it varies from very dark brown (nearly black) to pale testaceous,
and it also varies considerably in size. In the wet woods of Hawaii there would
appear to be two races, a larger and generally paler one, and a smaller and very
dark one with brightly shining thorax, the latter being the more strictly terrestrial
in habits. When, however, examples from all the islands are compared, it seems
impossible to keep the two as distinct, without making a number of other and
ill-defined species.

Hab. Found on all the islands in the mountain forests, preferring damp and
shady places, and moving freely by day.

Obs. There are several examples of this genus, which probably belong to other
and distinct species, but they are too closely allied to some of those described above
to be separated without the inspection of more material.

Group PROGNATHOGRYLLIDES, new group.

In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Dec. 1895) Herr Brunner v.
Wattenwyl described a genus ProgiiatJiogryllus to include two species of Hawaiian
crickets. The discovery of 14 additional species allied to these, has made it necessary
to form several new genera, and to separate the two original species. The characters
of the genus Prognathogryllus have in consequence required some modification. The

ORTHOPTERA 23

five genera characterized below are well marked, and their peculiarities seem to
warrant the establishment of a special group, Prognathogryllides. They are dis-
tinguished from the Podoscirtes group by the form of the head, which is strongly
porrect ; and by the armature of the apex of the posterior tibiae, there being only
two calcaria on either side of each. The number given by Herr Brunner is five,
three outer and two inner, but the examination of many more species and examples
than were submitted to him, has led to the conclusion that the upper of what he
considered to be the three outer calcaria should rather be counted as the apical spine
of its series. In the first place its position and appearance are rather those of a
spine than of a true calcar, and secondly in some of the species, in certain examples
it may be altogether absent, whilst in others of the same species it is present. If
this spine be admitted as a calcar, the apical spine of the inner series must in many
of the species be also considered as such, since the appearance of both, and their
position as regards the calcaria, are precisely similar. This apical spine of the inner
series is also sometimes wanting in some examples of a given species, in which case
there are no spines adjoining the calcaria, and these stand out distinctly as two on
each side. (Cf. Plate II. figs. \ob, xor, \od\ 15, 15^, \^b; etc.) \\i Prognathogryllns
as now restricted, the apical spine of the inner series is very distinct from the calcaria,
and this fact renders it probable that in the allied genera the true inner calcaria are
also two, that which might at first sight be considered a third being merely the apical
spine of the inner series.

All the species are of elongate and slender form, except Prognathogryllus robustns,
which is comparatively short and robust. In Thaitmatogryllus and Leptogryllus the
tegmina are very small and scale-like, and sometimes only visible at the sides of
the body at the hind margin of the pronotum, and the wings are wanting. ApJiono-
gryllus has no free tegmina. In the ? of Prognathogryllus (the I being unknown)
they are about equal in length to the head and pronotum together, but in P. robustus
they extend nearly to the apex of the abdomen. The wings in this genus are ill-
developed, being about as long as the short tegmina in P. alatus, and much shorter
than the tegmina in P. robustus, but they are always present.

In Nesogryllus $ (the ? being unknown), the tegmina are well developed for
stridulation, but they do not extend back as far as the apex of the long and slender
abdomen, and the wings are rudimentary.

Prognathogryllus and Nesogryllus have a distinct tympanum on the inner face
of the front tibiae. The other genera have none.

The males of those species of Leptogryllus, which have the metanotum exposed,
bear on this part two punctures, one on either side of the middle line, which are
represented by two smooth points in the females. When the scale-like tegmina are
larger, and conceal (at least for the most part) the metanotum, its basal part is
depressed, and the punctures or orifices, which lie within, this cavity, are furnished

24 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

outwardly with a small curved process. In Thawnatogrylliis this cavity is very deep
and abrupt and apparently extends beneath the pronotum, which with the tegmina
entirely conceals it. Instead of the two minute orifices there appears to be a large
transverse slit, with a small hard spine at either extremity. As in Leptogrylhis these
structures are peculiar to the ^.

All the species of this group are entirely nocturnal in their activities. In the
day-time they conceal themselves beneath the bark of trees, in hollow stems, or
amongst dead leaves attached to trees, but we have never met with any species that
is not arboreal in its habits. All the species of Prognathogryllus, Nesogryllus and
Aphonogryllus are extremely rare insects, while the Thaiimatogryllus and several of
the species of Leptogrylhis have been taken in some numbers, but even these are
rarely or never to be found unless a special search be made for them.

The genera of Prognathogryllides may be tabulated as follows :

1. {2) Cerci tribus articulis tarsorum posticorum conjunctis multo longiores Prognathogryllus.

2. (/) Cerci tribus articulis tarsorum posticorum haud longiores.

3. {&) Spinae tibiarum posticarum internae externis evidenter longiores. (Tegmina

aut longa aut nulla.)

4. (j) $ tegmina nulla Aphonogryllus.

5. {4) i tegmina longa .., Nesogryllus.

6. (j) Spinae tibiarum posticarum internae externis haud evidenter longiores.

(Tegmina squamiformia, saepe minutissima.)

7. (t?) Metatarsus anterior longissimus : calcar tibiarum posticarum externum et

superius longum Thautnatogryllus.

8. (7) Metatarsus anterior minus longus, tantum bis terve longior quam latior :

calcar tibiarum posticarum externum et superius breve Leptogrylhis.

Prognathogryllus (sensu strictiori).

Prognathogryllus Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, p. 896.

Tegmina abbreviata, vel fere ad apicem abdominis extensa. Alae sat distinctae,
ad apices tegminum extensae, vel, si haec longa, his multo breviores. Tibiae anticae
tympano instructae ; tibiae posticae spinis utrinque armatae, internis, quam externae,
multo longioribus. Cerci ovipositori subaequales. %.

(i) Prognathogryllus alattts Brunn.

Prognathogryllus alatus Brunner P. Z.S. (1895) p. 896.
(Plate II. figs. 8, 8«, & 8(5.)

ORTHOPTERA

(2) Prognathogryllus elotigattis, sp. no\'.

Gracilis, elongatus, colore testaceo. Tegrnina pallida, fere ad apicem segmenti
abdominis secundi se extendentia, venis flavis. Femora postica gracillima, spinis internis
externis evidenter longioribus. $.

Long, corporis 22 mm., pronoti 4, tegminum 5-5, femorum post. 11, ovipositoris
7 mm. (Plate I. fig. 15.)

A very distinct species, which, although of nearly the same length as the preceding,
appears much longer, owing to its much narrower form. The posterior femora are very
slender and much less wide at the base, and the inner series of spines on the posterior
tibiae are much less strong.

Hab. The high plateau of Kauai. July, 1896.

(3) Prognathogryllus robustus, sp. nov.

Brunneo-niger, robustus. Tegmina fere ad apicem abdominis se extendentia.
Tibiae posticae cum femoribus minus elongatae, spinis internis quam externis multo
longioribus. %.

Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4, tegminum 9, femorum post. 9, ovipositoris
10 mm. (Plate L fig. 14.)

Quite unlike the other species in general appearance, of a dark brownish colour,
and with well developed tegmina. The wings are much shorter than these. The
posterior femora are formed much like those of P. alatus. The inner series of spines
on the posterior tibiae is much more strongly developed than the outer, but they are
shorter than those of P. alatus.

Hab. High central plateau of the Kauai mountains. Very rare, a single % only
taken, high up in a dead tree amongst the dry leaves that still adhered.

(4) Prognathogryllus oahuensis, sp. nov.

Haud robustus, flavo-testaceus, pronoto fusco-variegato. P. elongato simillimus,
femoribus tibiisque posticis multo brevioribus facile distinguendus. %.

Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4 mm., tegminum 5 mm., femorum post. 9 mm.,
ovipositoris 6 mm.

Easily known from P. elongattis, which (of the preceding species) it most resembles,
by the shape of the posterior femora, which are much wider near the base in proportion
to their length.

F. H. II. 4

26 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The inner series of spines on the posterior tibiae is more strongly developed, and
the whole insect is less slender and elongate.

Hab. Waianae Mountains, Oahu. A single % taken under bark in Feb. 1896.
It was being attacked by the introduced ant, Pheidole viegacepJiala, which had already
bitten off the greater part of the antennae and tarsi.

(5) Prognathogryllus inexspectattis, sp. nov.

Gracilis, elongatus, testaceo colore. Pronotum totum pallidum, haud fusco-varie-
gatum. Tegmina abbreviata, venis flavis. Femora postica minus incrassata. %.

Long, corporis 19 mm., pronoti 375 mm., Lat. pronoti 3 mm., Long, tegminum
5 mm., femorum post, circa 9 mm., ovipositoris 6'50 mm.

Readily distinguished from P. oalmensis by the much -narrower posterior femora,
the unicolorous pronotum, which is also narrower, and the shorter spines of the pos-
terior tibiae inwardly. From P. elongatus the evidently shorter posterior legs at once
separate it.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.). Under ha.rk of A cada koa.

Aphonogryllus, gen. nov.

Gracilis, elongatus, tegminibus alisque carens. Tibiae anticae tympano nullo
instructae ; posticae utrinque spinis armatae, internis, quam externae, multo longioribus;
calcar internum et superius multo longius quam dimidium metatarsi. Cerci brevissimi,
tarsorum articulis tribus posticorum, una conjunctis, haud aequales. $.

(i) Aphonogryllus apteryx, sp. nov.

Testaceus, dorso plus minusve fusco-variegato. Tegmina libera nulla, sed latera
mesonoti lobate-producta. Femora postica minus fortiter elongata. Tibiae posticae
supra infuscatae, spinis utrinque armatae, internis multo longioribus, basi nigris, media
parte pallidis. ^.

Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 3'25 mm., femorum post. 7*5 mm., cercorum 2 mm.
(Plate IL figs. 9, 9^;, 9^, gr.)

Hab. Mountains of Oahu. Two males taken in 1896, one at an elevation of
2500, the other of 3000 feet.

Nesogryllus, gen. nov.

Gracilis, elongatus. Tegmina capite una cum pronoto bis longiora. Alae teg-
minibus multo breviores. Tibiae anticae tympano instructae ; posticae utrinque spinis
armatae, internis, quam externae, multo longioribus ; calcar internum et superius haud

ORTHOPTERA 27

minus longum quam dimidium metatarsi. Cerci breves, metatarsis posticis subaequales.
Venae tegminis superioris obliquae 2, necnon venae 3 breves ab angulo venae stridu-
lantis externo emissae. Speculum vena transversa una in partes subaequales divisum.
Campus apicalis brevissimus. ^.

(i) Nesogrylhis stridulans, sp. nov.

Gracilis, flavo-testaceus, tegminibus fere hyalinis, parte basali infuscata et opaca,
venis pallidis. Antennae longissimae, testaceae, concolores. Pronotum fusconotatum.
Femora omnia cum tibiis tarsisque pallide testacea et translucida. Tibiae posticae spinis
pallidis utrinque armatae. ^.

Long, corporis 22 mm., pronoti 4 mm., tegminum 13 mm., femorum post.
io"5 mm., cercorum 375 mm. (Plate II. figs. 11 & \\a.)

Hab. Mountains of Oahu, 3000 ft. A single ^ taken (in June 1895) from the
interior of a hollow twig.

Thaumatogryllus, gen. nov.

Elongatus cylindricus. Tegmina minima, maris metanotum fere totum, feminae
dimidiam fere partem metanoti celantia. Tibiae anticae tympano nullo instructae.
Metatarsi longissimi ; tibiae posticae spinis brevibus utrinque subaequalibus armatae ;
calcaria superiora, et e.xterna et interna, longissima et subaequalia. Cerci breves, parte
tertia ovipositoris vix longiores. t ?•

(i) Thauinatogrylhis variegatus, sp. nov.

Flavo-testaceus, colore fusco nigroque variegatus. Femora omnia cum tibiis inter-
mediis et anticis fortiter nigronotata. Tarsi pallidi. Tegmina brevia, metanotum totum
haud tegentia. Z %■

Long, corporis 15 mm., pronoti 4 mm., femorum post. 10 mm., ovipositoris
875 mm. (Plate I. fig. 16; and Plate II. figs. 10, \oa, \ob, \oc, \od.)

Some individuals are considerably darker than others and there is some variation
in size. The anterior legs are remarkably long and slender, their metatarsus being
many times as long as wide. The posterior femora are somewhat more strongly and
suddenly dilated on their basal part than is usual in the allied forms. The posterior
tibiae are very long, and the spines on each side very short.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

4—2

28 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

T,Fi'Tot;KVi ii's. orn. nov.

Gracilis, sulxlrprossus. roj^iniiia niiniina siiuamilonnia. iioniumquain im'taiiiHiiin
totuin, vol tViT totuiii, ti-m'iuia, saepc taiUuni ad latera extroina mcsonoti antice vix
disccrnciula. Alao nullac. Tibiae anticac tympano nullo instnictae ; metatarsus tantum
bis tcrve longior qiiani latior. ribiae posticae spinis brex'ibus utrinque subaequalibus
armatae ; calcar internum et superius, i^uani caetera. longius, parti dimidiae metatarsi
liaud aequale. Cerci brevissimi. jT if.

^i) Lcptog^ryllus uigroliucatiis, sp. nov.

Pallide tlavo-testaceus. Femora cum libiis immaculata. Abdominis latera late nioru.
Femora postica perlonga, minus dilatata ; tibiar utrinque spinis brevibus armatae.
Tegmina metanotum totum hand tegentia. / ^.

Long, corporis iS mm., pronoti 4"5 mm., tcmorum post. ^ \i mm., ^ ii mm.,
ovipositoris 7 mm., cercorum 2 "5 mm.

H.A.B. Mountains of Oahu and Maui.

{2) Lcpfoy;ry//us niiiiviiiacu/att(s, sp. now

Forma et colore fere praecedentis ; femoribus posticis et tibiis evidenter brevioribus
facile distinguendus. ^f ^f .

Long, corporis (baud contracti) 15"5 mm., pronoti 35 mm., femorum post. 9 mm.,
ovipositoris mm. (Plate L tig. 17 : and Plate IL tigs. 12 Cs: 12a.)

This species is very like the preceding, but the shorter posterior legs will distinguish
it at once. Moreover the abdomen, instead of the continuous broad lateral stripes, has
a series of diamond-shaped spots on each side. The tegmina as in the preceding.

H.\B. Kauai. In the Mountains 3000 — 4000 ft.

(^3) Lcpii\^ry/liis sif/ii/ts, sp. no\-.

Praecedentibus colore simillimus : pallide testaceus ; abdomen utrinque late nigro-
lineatum; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis immaculata: metatarsi postici apex
niger. Tegmina minutissima, tantum ad latera corporis videnda. r.

Long, corporis 12*5 mm., pronoti 3 mm., femorum post. 725 mm. (Plate II.

fig- 13-)

Hab. Mountain above Hilo, Hawaii, 2000 ft.

ORTHOPTERA 29

(4) Leptogryllus elongatus, sp. nov.

Praecedentibus forma et colore simillimus ; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis
plus minusve distincte nigro- vel fusco-notata ; pronotum utrinque saepius indistincte
fuscum ; abdomen utrinque fusco- vel nigro-lineatum, aut bilineatum. Tegmina (^ %)
minutissima. Z ?.

Long, corporis (haud contracti) 14-5 mm., pronoti 3'5 mm., femorum post. 9 mm.,
ovipositoris 6 mm. (Plate I. fig. 18.)

Hab. Hilo, Puna, and Kau, Hawaii (2cxx) — 4000 ft.).

(5J Leptogryllus kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Forma fere praecedentium, colore variabili, testaceus, plerumque parte corporis
majore nigro- et fusco-variegata ; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis nigro-annulata.
Tegmina metanotum totum tegentia (^), vel multo minora, unum ab altero longe dis-
tantia, et brevissima ($). ^ $.

Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4 mm., femorum post. 8*5 — 9 mm., ovipositoris
6 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (2000 — 4000 ft.).

(6j Leptogryllus fusconotatus, sp. nov.

Praecedentis colore et facie ; J, tegminibus minutissimis bene distinctus. t-
Long, corporis 14 mm., pronoti 375 mm., femorum post. 9 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu (2000 ft.). One J, taken in 1896.

(7) Leptogryllus forficularis Brunn.

Prognatlwgryllus forficularis Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, P- 897.

(Plate H. figs. 14, 14a, & 141^.)

In the % of this species the tegmina are extremely small and visible only at the
extreme sides beyond the margin of the pronotum. It closely resembles the preceding,
but its shorter and less wide posterior femora easily distinguish it. The length of these
is only about 6^ mm. I have taken a single I which appears to belong to this species,
although taken on a different island. Apart from the sexual characters it does not seem
to differ at all from the %.

Had. Kona, Hawaii, 3000 ft. lao Valley, Maui, i Z-

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(8) Leptogryllns simillinms, sp. nov.

L. forfindari simillimus, tibiis posticis minus spinosis distinguendus. ^ %.

Very closely allied to L. forficularis, but generally if not always with the body
darker in colour. The spines on the tibiae are evidently less close and do not extend
nearly so far back towards their base. I have examined a series of specimens. The ^
is often slightly shorter and less robust than the $.

Long, corporis (haud contract!) % 14 mm.; pronoti 3'25 mm., femorum post.
6-5 mm., ovipositoris 5 mm. (Plate I. fig. 19 ; Plate II. figs. 15, 15a, & \'^b)

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 — ^5000 ft.).

The following works are all that contain matter relating to the indigenous Hawaiian Orthoptera.

1. ScuDDER, S. H. A century of Orthoptera. Decade I. Gryllides. P. Boston Soc. xn. 1868,

pp. 139—143.
Trigonidium pacifiaiin, n. sp., p. 139.

2. BoRMANS, A. DE. Fauna orthopterologique des iles Hawai ou Sandwich. Ann. Mus. Genova,

xvin. 1882 and 1883, pp. 438 — 448.
17 species, 2 new.

3. Redtenbacher, J. Monographic der Conocephaliden. Verh. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, pp.

315—562.
Description of Brachymetopa, p. 430, and of B. discolor, blackbiirni, p. 431.

4. Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. On the Orthoptera of the Sandwich Islands. P. Zool. Soc.

London, 1895, pp. 891 — 897.

29 species, 6 new. This paper deals with the collections received by the Committee
previous to 1895.

ZOOLOGrlCAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty

Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by

Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the

University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts 1, II, and III. Price i2i-. 6d. each.

PART I.

1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.

2. Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER.

With 6 figures in the text.

3. On a little-known sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.

4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK.

With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK.

With Plates X.— XI.

PART II.

7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.

8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY Bell, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.

9. Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A.

With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. Shipley, M.A.

With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc.

With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART IIL

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV. — XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

WiLLEY, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab.

With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. {In the Press:\

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardinep;, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cai|hbridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the /Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham.

With two plates.

22. Report on thefPolyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one/ plate.

24. Asti'osdera ivUleyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LISTER, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With two plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester
With wo plates.

27. Report on /the Xeniidae. By J. H. AsHWORTH, B.Sc., Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,
Manchjbster. With two plates.

HontlOlU C. J. CLAY AND SONS,

■'CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE.

CRlasgoto: 263, argyle street.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

VOL. II. PART II.

NEUROPTERA

R. C. L. Perkins.

i^nV^ Thirteen Shillings.
To Subscribers Six Shillings and Sixpence.

The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years.

Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.

F. E. Beddard, F.R.S.

Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL

Dr L. O. Howard and W. H. Ashmead

G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S.

Sir John Lubbock, F.R.S.
E. Meyrick, F.Z.S.

R. C. L. Perkins, B.A.

R. I. POCOCK

D. Sharp, F.R.S. ...
A. E. Shipley, M.A.
M. EuG. Simon

E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.
The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S.
Mynheer F. M. van der Wulp

Earthworms.

Formicidae.

Hymenoptera Parasitica.

Hemiptera.

Thysanura and Collembola.

Macrolepidoptera.

[Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
\ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

Myriapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms.

Arachnida.

Mollusca.

Microlepidoptera.

Diptera.

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAUAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of

THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME II. PART II.

NEUROPTERA
By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A.

Pages 31 — 89; Plates III, IV, V, nncolonrcd.

September 25, 1899.

CAMBRIDGE :

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1899

\_All Rights reserved.]

aonOon: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE.
©laSBOto: =63, ARGYLE STREET.

ILsiDjis: F. A. BROCKHAUS.
JSotft: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
JSombao: E. SEYMOUR HALE.

NEUROPTERA

By R. C L. PERKINS, B.A.

NEUROPTERA.
By R. C. L. Perkins.

§ 1. General considerations on the Neuroptera.

The Neuroptera are rather numerously represented in the islands, but the fauna
as represented by this group is of the same fragmentary character, as is seen in the
other Orders of insects, some of the extensive divisions of Neuroptera being totally
unrepresented.

At present the total number of species known to us amounts to iii, of which 54
or nearly one-half belong to the Hemerobiidae (including herein Chrysopides and
Myrmeleonides), 29 to the Odonata or dragon-flies, and 25 to the Psocidae. The
remaining three species belong to two other divisions and consist of two Termitidae,
and a solitary species of Embiidae.

The divisions Ephemeridae and Trichoptera (or Phryganeidae), and the smaller
groups Perlidae, Sialidae and Panorpidae are absolutely unrepresented. The entire
absence of the first four of these divisions is a very remarkable fact, as they are aquatic
in habits, and the numerous mountain streams and rivers would appear to be admirably
adapted for many species ; so that one must conclude that these water-frequenting
insects are ill-adapted for passing over wide expanses of ocean.

The Hemerobiidae, excluding the Myrmeleonides, have 52 species which belong to
6 genera. Not one of these species is known to occur in other countries, but two of
the genera, which are represented by single species, have no alliance with the other
forms, and when this family has been extensively collected in other countries, these two
species will probably be found elsewhere. This is almost certain to be the case with
the small Chrysopa tnicrophya, a species which is abundant in gardens in towns and
settlements, although it has extended its range to a considerable elevation up the
mountain sides. A single species, referred temporarily to Megalomus (although not a
true member of that genus), is more remarkable ; it may even prove to be peculiar to
the islands, but will more probably ultimately be found elsewhere. It is noteworthy
that both these insects are of general distribution over the islands, in contrast with
most other species of this family, which are so often confined to a single island.

Nineteen species are included in the genus Nesomicromus, which has been founded
F. H. II. 5

32 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

for their reception. The simpler forms of this genus are very similar to the well-known
genus Micromus, but the more remarkable species have the wing-contour of Drepa-
nopteryx, and bear to Micromus a relation very similar to that which Drepanopteryx
bears to Megalonius or Hemerobius. Between the extreme forms of Nesomicromus
species are found in quite intermediate conditions, so that one is compelled to treat the
whole series of species as forming but a single genus, and their relationship is strongly
evidenced by the apical abdominal appendices of the tt, which though differing in
detail in many species, nevertheless possess notable peculiarities common to all.

Allied to Nesomicromus, and no doubt evolved within the islands from some such
form, are the other two genera, Pseudopsectra and Nesothauma, each with but one
species at present known. The former is in most respects intermediate between the
latter and Nesomicromus. Both these insects, but especially the Nesothauma, have
claim to be considered amongst the most remarkable of all known species oi Neuroptera.
Nesothauma has no trace of posterior wings and the front pair are almost of the
consistency of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect. Pseudopsectra is likewise incapable
of flight, but the front pair of wings are less abnormal, and the posterior pair are
represented by small lobes. Although reminding one of the anomalous and rare genus
Psectra, Psetidopsectra is, without doubt, not related in any way to that genus. The $
characters of both Pseudopsectra and Nesothatima are formed entirely on a similar plan
to those of Nesomicromus. The two insects included in these abnormal genera are
very local and rare, and both frequent the same locality, Haleakala on Maui, where
they are found at an elevation of five or six thousand feet above sea-level.

As above mentioned the single species of Chrysopa is almost certainly foreign, but
another genus, Anomalochrysa, not known from elsewhere, includes no less than 29
species. These species form a most interesting series, but are excessively difficult to
differentiate, owing to the great variability in colour of many of them, and the instability
of the characters afforded by the nervuration. Here again the terminal segments of the
^ afford great help in many instances, and on these characters there would appear to be
two good genera, but the females of the two sections appear to present no points for
generic division, at least in dried examples, the distortion of the body after death being
much greater in this sex than in the ^.

The species of Hemerobiidae have in general a much more restricted range than
have the indigenous Agrionidae of the Odonata. Excluding the single Megalomus and
Chrysopa as probably foreign, of the genus Nesomicromus 1 5 out of the 1 9 are restricted
each one to a single island, the remaining four being widely distributed insects, Hawaii
and Maui each having four species peculiar, while the latter likewise has also its
peculiar genera Psetidopsectra and Nesothau7iia. The species of Anomalochrysa are
even more localized, two only of the 29 occurring on more than one of the islands. In
this genus the island of Hawaii is extraordinarily rich, since it has 12 species peculiar to
itself, and both of the two more widely distributed species are also found there. The

NEUROPTERA 33

following table of the indigenous Hemerobiidae gives the percentage of species peculiar
to each of the islands.

Species peculiar to.

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lanai

—

Maui

Hawaii

ber of species.

Percentage of peculiar

species.

87-5

—

Of the two Myrmeleonides I have not met with the Eormicaleo perjurus Walk.,
which is almost certainly becoming extinct ; the other, Eormicaleo wilsoni, is locally
common in open places on the lava-flows of Hawaii, where there is a stunted vegetation,
and it also is found on other of the islands. Very probably it will prove to be a
natural immigrant, and will ultimately be found elsewhere.

If we compare this table with that of the Agrionidae given on p. 34 it will at once
be seen that the percentage of species peculiar to the several islands is much more
nearly equal in the Hemerobiidae than is the case with the dragon-flies. In both tables
Kauai stands first in the proportion of its peculiar species to the total number found
upon it, and this is no doubt due, at least to a considerable extent, to the greater
distance between it and the neighbouring island of Oahu, and probably in a lesser
degree to its position at the extremity of the forest-bearing islands. The extraordinary
richness of Hawaii in species of Anomalochrysa may perhaps point to that island as the
spot where these insects first became established. The small percentage of species of
Agrion peculiar to most of the islands is probably partly due to their greater powers of
flight as compared with the Hemerobiidae, the high percentage of species peculiar to
the more remote island of Kauai rather pointing to this conclusion, but it may be that
they have been established for a shorter time in the islands than the Hemerobiids,
or, even if antecedent to these, they may be less susceptible to the effects of isolation
and the changes in environment thereby produced. However that may be, there is no
doubt that several of the species of Agrion are at the present time in the process
of forming other distinct species, owing to the isolation and change of conditions
brought about by individuals having spread to more than one of the islands.

The Odonata or dragon-flies. The 29 species of Odonata are distributed in 5 genera,
but no less than 24 are assigned to the genus Agrion. No doubt they will ultimately
be separated from that genus, and will themselves form not less than three distinct
genera, but at present it seems better to leave them under that name, as many of the
species are difficult, being very variable even in important characters, and some have
already formed more or less distinct local races, or subspecies, so that the question as

' Anomalochrysa riifcscens M'^L., the locality of which is not recorded, is included here as being
probably Oahuan.

S— 2

34 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

to which are true species is as yet by no means absolutely settled. In the females the
climax of difficulty is reached, for these have no structures suitable for distinguishing the
species that can compare with the terminal appendages of the abdomen of the ^, while
the superficial distinctions, such as colour, details of nervuration, etc. are notably variable.
All the species of Agrioit are peculiar to the islands and are probably all related to one
another, as more or less transitional forms are found between the different groups, and
it is probable that all originated from some single species which reached the islands in
remote times. Of the other four dragon-flies the Tramea, Pantala, and Anax jimius,
are no doubt natural immigrants, being all species of powerful flight and all are distri-
buted throughout the group, whereas a large proportion of the species of Agrion are
either restricted in range to one island, or when occurring on more than one are tending
to form other distinct species, or local forms. The larger Anax, which is a very fine
insect, is so far as is known peculiar to the islands, and has probably been established there
sufficiently long to acquire characters which separate it from any other of the genus.
It is very powerful on the wing, and is widely distributed over the islands, and extends
its range far up the mountain sides. Another moderate-sized species, assigned to
Sympetrum by Karsch, but for which Kirby has established a genus, Nesogonia, is also,
so far as is known, peculiar to the islands. It is generally distributed over the group,
in the mountains, and is notably variable in size, colour and nervuration.

If we limit our investigation to the species of Agrion it will be seen that in the
number of species peculiar to it, Kauai ranks easily first of the six larger islands.
Excluding A. xanthome las and A. pacificum, species ubiquitous over the islands, seven
species are restricted to Kauai, nor has it any species that even extends to the neigh-
bouring island of Oahu. The latter island has four species peculiar to itself, and five
others which are found also on one or more of the others. Maui, Molokai and Hawaii
have each but a single species peculiar to them, while the little island of Lanai with
seven or eight species has none. It should be added however with regard to these
islands that some of the species upon them form varieties very distinct from the typical
examples, and this is especially the case with several of the species found on Hawaii,
where diminution in size and corresponding changes in nervuration are often evident.
Nevertheless the occurrence of examples in a condition intermediate between the typical
and extreme forms of such species renders it inadvisable to consider them as belonging
to more than one species. The following table shows the percentage of species of
Agrion peculiar to each of the islands.

Species peculiar to. Total number of species. Percentage.

9 777

lO 40

8 12-5

7 —

10 10

9 ii'i

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lanai

—

Maui

Hawaii

NEUROPTERA

Psocidae are richly represented in the islands and twenty-five species are dealt with
in the present paper. No doubt many others yet remain to be discovered, indeed other
species are certainly included in those collected by me, but owing to their small size
and poor state of preservation it was not advisable to attempt the description of the
species. Nearly all are subject to much distortion and contraction of the body-segments
after drying, as well as discoloration, and owing to the exudation of a sticky substance
they are with difficulty relaxed, so as to be suitable for examination. Evidently there
are good characters in the terminal abdominal segments of the ^, but these are not
available in dried examples. Many of the species exhibit great variability (in colour,
nervuration, etc.), which is so remarkable a feature of so many Hawaiian insects. The
difficulties of study in this group are so great from the causes above enumerated, that
the present paper on these insects can only be regarded as a preliminary sketch, especially
as regards the species referred to the genus Elipsocus, in which the instability of
nervuration is so great, as to render the discrimination of species almost hopeless, without
special attention to the insects in the field. In this preliminary study I have not con-
sidered it advisable to enter minutely into the generic question, but have referred all
the species to three well-known genera. The solitary species referred to Stenopsocus
temporarily, is clearly generically distinct therefrom, but only one example, in mutilated
condition, was secured. It is very different to any other Hawaiian Psocid, and is inter-
esting as having been taken at a high elevation in the mountains, where the nights,
even in August, were cold, with hard frosts. Of the other 24 species, 14 are assigned
to Psocus, most species of which appear to be confined, each one, to a single island,
while 10 are placed in the genus Elipsocus. Some species of this latter genus are
so variable in nervuration, that not only generic, but even characters of superior value,
are affected.

The other components of the Neuropterous fauna are comparatively of little interest.
The two Termites belong to the genus Calotermes. The smaller of these, C. margini-
pennis Latr.,i is certainly an introduced species and has done great damage to wooden
buildings in the city of Honolulu. The larger one, referred to C. castaneus Burm., is
very possibly distinct from that species, which was described from winged forms. The
soldiers of the Hawaiian species possess well-developed eyes, and it is noteworthy that
they are found (and probably only found) in the native forests, and series of them
from three of the islands vary distinctly in the length of the gular area on the under-side
of the head, as though they were already forming distinct races on the various islands.
It is possible however that this variation, although affecting an important character, is
merely such as occurs in different communities, and is not due to isolation on different
islands, the material at hand not being sufficient for deciding this point.

The solitary Embiid {Oligotoma insularis M'Lach.) is an interesting insect on
account of the dorsal sclerites of the thorax in the winged Z not being of the simple
structure usual in these insects, and very different to those of the apterous ?. An

6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

account of its habits and development is published in the Entomological Monthly
Magazine, xxxiii. (1897), p. 56.

§ 2. Systematic account of the Neuroptera.

HEMEROBIIDAE.

HEMEROBIIDES.

The Hemerobiidae represented by the genera Megalomus, Nesomicromus, Psetido-
psectra, and Nesothauma, as well as the numerous species of Anojnalochrysa and the
solitary' one oiChrysopa of the subdivision Chrysopides and including also Myrmeleonides
form the most extensive section of the Hawaiian Neuroptera. Nearly all the species
are confined to the mountain forests. The larvae of the Hemerobiids proper appear to
feed on the species of Psocidae, those of Anomalochrysa, I have little doubt, prey on
Lepidopterous larvae. Their mandibles are sharp and strong, so that they can give
quite a sharp bite, when they fall upon the face or neck, as is often the case when one
is beating the branches of trees. All the species appear to be nocturnal, although some
are very readily disturbed, as one walks through the brush in the daytime.

Megalomus Ramb.

(i) Megalomus hospes, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, and abdomen varying in colour from nearly uniform dark brown or
blackish, with obscure pale markings, to a nearly uniform yellowish colour ; generally
brown with pale markings, or yellow with fuscous markings.

Anterior wings grey, more or less fulvescent, with a more or less distinct dark spot
on the cubitus posticus, towards the base. Nervuration set with hairs, and with alternate
light and darker spaces. The gradate nervules form two more or less distinct, trans-
verse, oblique darker lines, and there is a third near the base. In one example the
whole middle portion of the wing between the inner and the basal series of gradate
nervules is deeply infuscate, forming a wide blackish transverse fascia. Radius with
three sectors. The posterior wings are almost hyaline, and beautifully iridescent,
their nervuration pale.

' We have excluded the Chrysopa oceanica Walk, from the list as probably not belonging to the Hawaiian
fauna. Several species brought home by the Beechey expedition with the locality " Sandwich Is.'' appear to
have come from the other islands of that name.

NEUROPTERA 2,7

$ appendices very long and narrow, the sides subparallel, with an apical depression
outwardly, rounded at their extremities ; inwardly on their apical portion furnished with
short somewhat spinose hairs, which are directed inwardly. Between the appendices
there may be seen a short chitinous process, with the apex bifid, forming two spines.
Ventral valve very narrow, sublinear, its sides parallel in dorsal or ventral aspect, curved
upwards and clothed with long hairs. (Plate IV. figs, i, 2, 16 & i6«.)

Expanse 13 — 17 mm.

Hab. Found all over the group, in the mountains, but not very abundant. This
species has no relation with the rest of the Hawaiian Hemerobiidae, and I suspect it
has been introduced.

Nesomicromus, gen. nov.

Allied to Micromtis, some of the species having the superficial appearance, as well
as the nervuration of that genus. The wings are either rounded at the apex, or falcate,
somewhat resembling Drepanopteryx, the one form passing gradually into the other,
so that the species cannot be subdivided on this character, although the extreme forms
are vastly different. The species with simply rounded wings can (so far as I can see)
only be separated from Micromus by the length of the joints of the maxillary palpi, in
which they also agree with the species which have falcate wings. The penultimate joint
of these palpi is very short, being only about half as long as the terminal.

The c/ characters are very similar throughout the genus, the appendices being rarely
very conspicuous, usually of triangular form and pointed at the apex. In all the species
they give off each from their lower margin towards the base a fine spine, and slight
differences in the length, form, etc. of these spines furnish useful specific characters.
The general similarity in the form of the appendices, which extends also to the two
following genera, is very remarkable. As in Micromus, there is no free cellule formed
by a recurrent nervule at the base of the wing.

(i) NesomicroTnus vagus, sp. nov.

Brown or black ; face, legs and palpi paler. Antennae varying in colour from
testaceous to nearly black. Thorax with short pale pubescence.

Anterior wings brownish or grey-brown (grey in immature examples), generally
with a small pale spot towards the base, situated on the cubitus posticus. Gradate
nervules more or less infuscate, forming two transverse darker lines on the wings, often
irregular and broken, sometimes wanting. Apical margin evidently, but slightly excised,
giving the wings a hooked appearance at the tip. Nervuration dark, sometimes (with the
pterostigma) more or less pink, the nervures with short and very inconspicuous hairs.

38 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Radius normally with 5, rarely 4 or 6 sectors ; in the latter cases the number is often
different on the two sides of the same insect.

Posterior wings subinfuscate, but paler than the front wings and more transparent,
nervuration generally dark, the apical margin very slightly excised below the tip of the
wing.

^ appendices viewed laterally, sub-triangular, narrowly rounded at the apex, on
their inferior margin inwardly they are furnished each with a fine spine, curved upwards,
and under a very strong lens finely serrate or dentate, the spines extending backwards
rather beyond the apices of the processes. (Plate IV. fig. 3.)

Expanse 12 — 18 mm.

Hab. Common all over the group in mountain forests, and sometimes found on
the coast.

(2) Nesomicromus latipennis, sp. nov.

Allied to the preceding, and of similar colour.

Anterior wings brown, posterior pair infumate. Radius with 5 sectors. Readily
known by the very broad and short wings, the apical margin not perceptibly emargi-
nate ; the posterior pair very obtuse, their apical margin almost straight, not slightly
concave. (Plate IV. fig. 4.)

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (3500 ft.); i % June, 1892.

(3) Nesomicrojnus angustipennis , sp. nov.

Closely allied to N. hawaiiensis, but with the wings narrower and the apex
somewhat more produced. The radius gives off 6 or 7 sectors. The cellules formed
between the outer and inner series of the gradate nervules are extremely narrow in
proportion to their length, and this fact gives a character to the wing by which the
species may be easily recognized.

The body and anterior wings are brown, but only gradually arrive at this colour,
being pale for some time after the emergence of the insect. Normally there is a small
pale spot towards the base of the wing on the cubitus posticus, and the radius bears
alternate pale and dark spots as in N. hawaiiensis. The variation of the present species
also appears analogous to that ot the other, the nervuration and pterostigmata being pink
in some examples, and the wings in some are evidently less narrow than usual, etc.

The Z characters differ, in that the spines of the apical processes are shorter, and
do not reach to the apices of the processes themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 5.)

Expanse 12 — 16 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

NEUROPTERA 39

(4) N esomicrotnus drepanoides, sp. nov.

Dark brown or nearly black, legs and antennae pale. Anterior wings dark brown
more or less mottled with lighter yellowish-brown, or nearly entirely pale yellowish-
brown with the gradate nervules delineated by transverse dark lines, the radius with
the usual alternate dark spots, and some dark markings near the base of the wing.
Posterior wings more or less infuscate. Pterostigma sometimes pink.

Allied to the preceding species, but with the apical margin of the anterior wings
more deeply excised, and the dorsal margin from the apex to about the middle,
evidently, but very slightly, concave. The wings are also less narrow. The sectors of
the radius are 6 or 7 in number, whereof the two which are nearest the base sometimes
unite close to their point of origin. The general appearance of the nervuration is that
of the preceding. In the $ the spines of the apical processes appear to extend about
to the apex of each process, and they cross each other near the base. (Plate IV.
fig. 6.)

Expanse 14 — 16 -5 mm.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft), i ,?, 3 ? taken. Of the latter one example is much paler
than the others (as described above), and it also has broader wings, but I doubt whether
it is specifically distinct ; in fact no two individuals out of the four agree.

(5) Nesomicronius paradoxus, sp. nov.

Nearly black, the legs and antennae and some marks on the dorsum of the thorax
pale. Anterior wings dark brown, the costal area hyaline for the most part, and some
pale spots around the margins, especially along the apical. Posterior wings nearly
entirely infuscate.

The apical margins in both pairs of wings are excised, in the inferior, very lightly.
The dorsal margins of the superior pair are also deeply excised to about the middle,
forming there a conspicuous rounded lobe, after which they are slightly concave to the
base. The nervuration is black and distinct, and hardly perceptibly furnished with
hairs. There are 6 sectors to the radius. (Plate IV. fig. 7.)

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i %.

(6) Nesomicromus fulvescens, sp. nov.

Dark brown with pale markings, antennae and legs pale. Anterior wings pale
yellowish-brown, largely but not deeply infuscate from the region of the inner gradate
series to the apical margin. The outer gradate nervules are blackish and infuscate,

F. H. II. 6

40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

forming a distinct transverse dark line, the dorsal margin near the base is also dark, as
also spots on the costa, radius, and the cubital nervures. Posterior wings subhyaline,
with rather pale nervuration, the outer series of gradate nervules darker.

Anterior and posterior wings very broad in proportion to their length, their apical
margins hardly perceptibly emarginate. In the former the radius gives off 5 sectors,
the 5th twice furcate before reaching the outer series of gradate nervules.

No doubt some examples of this species will have 6 sectors to the radius.

Expanse i6'5 mm.

Differs from N. d^^epanoides and angustipennis , much as N. latipennis does from
N. hawaiiensis.

Hab. Waianae Mts., Oahu (3000 ft.) ; i ?.

(7) Nesomicromus belhilus, sp. nov.

Black, or more or less brown, head and sometimes the prothorax with pale spots,
legs pale, front and middle tibiae with two distinct black rings. Antennae with the two
first joints black, the rest pale at their base, and dark at the apex. Anterior wings
$ whitish, subtransparent, iridescent, with a large dark irregular and broken blotch at
the base, and another more or less evident at the apex, bounded inwardly by the
suffused nervules of the outer gradate series. All the nervuration with alternating dark
and pale spaces, the dark ones on the radius very distinct. In the $ the anterior wings
are much suffused with ochreous-brown, a round spot between the upper parts of the
two gradate series being less suffused, but not very distinct. The posterior wings are
transparent and iridescent, infumate at the extreme base along the dorsal margin, and
their nervuration is to a large extent pale, becoming dark towards the apex. In the
? these wings are more clouded, especially along the dorsal margins, and the nervuration
is on the whole darker.

The anterior wings are simply rounded at their apices, the apical margin not at all
emarginate, but forming a continuous curve with the hind margin. There are 5 sectors
to the radius, sometimes 6, at least on one side.

Abdomen $ with the terminal appendices yellow ; their apices very narrow and
somewhat produced, slightly turned upwards and inwards and subtuberculate. The
spines are long and very fine, their extremities curved upwards, but they do not extend
backwards so far as the apices of the appendices themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 8.)

Expanse 16 — 17 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.); very rare, 3 ^, i ? taken.

NEUROPTERA 41

(8) Nesomicromus molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Female, very closely allied to the preceding, the anterior wings much more
infuscate, dark brown in colour, with paler markings, the chief of which is a roundish
spot near the apex, between the two gradate series. The posterior wings are entirely
infumate, except for a pale apical spot on each, corresponding to those on the front
wings, their nervuration is chiefly dark, and the nervures do not bear alternate light and
dark spots, although some are entirely pale.

In the anterior wings the radius has 6 sectors.

Expanse i6'5 mm.

Hab. Molokai, above 4000 ft.; i ? taken in June, 1893. It is possible that this
form may prove to be a variety of the preceding species.

{9) Nesomicromus 7ninor, sp. nov.

Female closely allied to N. bellulus, but smaller, the wings much shorter, the
anterior pair for the most part infumate, costal area and the upper part of the wing
below and along the radius clearer.

Five sectors to the radius, the sectors themselves, at least towards the base, with
alternate dark and light spaces, as also the radius. Posterior wings entirely, but lightly
infumate, except for an ill-defined pale spot near the apex. Nervuration for the most
part dark, without distinct alternating light and dark spaces.

Antennae pale, testaceous, the joints infuscate at their apices, the two basal joints
brownish.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Waianae mountains, Oahu (3000 ft.); i % taken in February, 1896.

(10) Nesomicromus infumattis, sp. nov.

Female closely allied to N. belluhis, anterior wings darkly infumate, with only
sparse small pale spots, especially along the dorsal margin ; costal area paler than the
rest of the wing ; at the base there are some dark markings, and the gradate nervules
are distinct, as two zigzag transverse lines, darker than the ground colour.

The wings are very narrow in proportion to their length. There are 5 or 6 sectors
to the radius (5 one side and 6 the other).

Posterior wings infumate, but transparent, no trace of a paler apical spot, the
cubitus posticus very strong, black, except at the extreme base.

6—2

42 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Two basal joints of antennae dark, the other joints infuscate, sHghtly paler at their
bases.

Expanse i6 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.); i % taken in Oct. 1896.

(11) Nesomicromus longispinosus, sp. nov.

Dark brown or blackish, antennae, including the two basal joints, testaceous, the
apices of the joints lightly infuscate. Legs testaceous, front and intermediate tibiae
largely fuscous.

Anterior wings brownish-grey, nervuration for the most part dark, but interrupted
by pale spots, radius very distinctly alternately light and dark. At the extreme base of
the dorsal margin and about the cubitus towards its base, there is more or less dark
infuscation, and one or both of the series of gradate nervules are more or less infuscate,
and form dark lines. The wings are rounded at the apex, and the radius gives off
6 sectors.

Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale, but darker along the outer series of
gradate nervules, so as to form an evident dark line. Radius connected with the sector
by several transverse nervules.

Z appendices pale, narrow, the spines unusually strongly developed, and very finely
spinulose along one edge, very long, extending far behind the apices of the appendices,
and crossing one another. (Plate IV. fig. 15.)

Expanse of ^ 13 mm.; $ 15 mm.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i t and i % taken. Remarkable for the long
spines of the Z appendices, and the additional transverse nervules in the posterior wings
of both sexes.

(12) Nesomicromus haleakalae, sp. nov.

Female closely allied to the preceding, rather larger and with the anterior wings
more grey, less tinged with brown.

The black markings of the wings are more distinct, the dark markings along the
cubitus forming with the blackish suffusion along the gradate nervules of the inner
series a distinct curved blackish line. The radius gives off 5 sectors, and the elongate
cellules formed between the two series of gradate nervules, are evidently less narrow and
numerous than those of the preceding species.

Posterior wings very much as in N. longispinosus, nearly hyaline, the radius and
sector connected by several transverse nervules.

NEUROPTERA 43

The antennae agree with those of the preceding species in having the two basal
joints testaceous, but the rest are much darker, pale narrowly at the base.
Expanse 16 mm.
Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 ft.) ; i $ taken in April, 1894.

(13) Nesomicromus brunnescens, sp. nov.

Brown or blackish brown, legs and antennae testaceous, the joints of the latter
infuscate on their apical portion.

Anterior wings brown, or brownish grey (the latter colour probably only in
examples not fully mature), rounded at their apices, radius giving off 7 — 9 sectors, the
gradate nervules forming two obliquely transverse, fine dark lines, sometimes very in-
distinct, the cellules between the two series very narrow in proportion to their length.

Posterior wings subhyaline, somewhat iridescent, nervuration light brown or
yellowish, the outer series of gradate nervules darker.

$ appendices narrow towards the apex, not strongly produced, their spines some-
what strong, curved upwards, serrulate, and extending back to the apices of the appen-
dices or even slightly beyond them. (Plate IV. fig. 9.)

Expanse 14 — 16 mm.

Hab. Molokai, Lanai, and Haleakala, Maui. Rare (2000 — 5000 ft.).

( 1 4) Nesomicromus rubrinervis, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, legs and antennae testaceous, abdomen darker.

Anterior wings narrow, their apices rounded, pale brown, tinged with pink, the
nervuration pink. Radius with four sectors. Nervules of inner gradate series sub-
infuscate, forming a faint dark line. In this series four of the transverse nervules are
nearly continuous and form a slightly oblique line, but the two upper ones of the series
are greatly separated from the four lower, and from one another. Posterior wings
nearly hyaline, the nervuration and pterostigma pink.

Spines of the appendices of ^ reaching about to their apex, and curved upwards.

Expanse 13 — 14"5 mm.

Var. a. Dark brown in colour, wings dark, shorter and wider than in the type,
pterostigmata and nervuration pink. Radius with 5 sectors.

The dark colour may really be normal, the two examples described above being
possibly immature. The pinkish tinge to the wings and the condition of the inner series
of gradate nervules is so similar, that I have little doubt that the two forms are one
species, in spite of the additional sector to the radius.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i ^ 2 $.

44 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(15) N esomicromiis forcipaius, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and abdomen all pale, subtestaceous. Basal joint of the antennae
suffused with pink.

Anterior wings rounded at the apex, dull yellowish, with obscure fuscous spots.
Nervuration pale, interrupted by spaces of a pink colour. Radius with 4 sectors.
Posterior wings with pale nervuration, more or less pink in parts.

Appendices of $ long and strong, of about equal width (in lateral view) from near
the base to the apex, their extremities slightly turned inwards, the spines on their inferior
margin near the base very short, not nearly extending back to their apices. (Plate IV.
figs. 14 & i4«.)

Expanse of ^ 1 1 mm. ($ unknown).

Hab. Makaweli, Kauai (above 2000 ft.) ; i $ taken. The form of the appen-
dices will distinguish it at a glance from any other species.

(16) Nesoniicronius distinctus, sp. nov.

Female, with the head and thorax yellowish-brown, metathorax and abdomen
darker. Legs and antennae testaceous.

Anterior wings rounded at their apices, pale yellowish-brown ; the outer series of
gradate nervules black, and with blackish infuscation around them, forming a very
distinct, and but slightly oblique, transverse dark line. Inner series hardly infuscate.
Radius with distinct black spots at the points of origin of the sectors, which are five in
number. Posterior wings pale, subhyaline, pterostigma and nervuration pink, nervures
in the region of the outer gradate series deep black, forming a conspicuous curved
marking at the apices of the wings.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. a single % taken in the mountains on Molokai, August, 1893.

(17) Nesomicrontus subochraceus, sp. nov.

Head and thorax yellowish or testaceous, abdomen generally darker, legs and
antennae testaceous, the latter with darker annulation.

Anterior wings rounded at the apex, pale greyish-fulvous, more or less mottled
with fuscous. Nervures alternately dark and light; radius with 4 sectors, the number
being constant in the series examined. Posterior wings hyaline and iridescent with
very pale nervuration, the nervures near the apical margin becoming black and forming
a distinct marking.

NEUROPTERA 45

^ appendices of the usual form, the spines hardly reaching to their apex. Apical
ventral segment narrow, tongue-like. (Plate IV. fig. 10.)

Expanse 13 — 16 mm.

Hab. Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii (from 3000 — 5000 ft.).

(18) Nesomicronms sienopteryx, sp. nov.

Small, blackish, antennae and the posterior legs testaceous, anterior and middle
tibiae and femora for the most part dark, their tarsi testaceous.

Wings very narrow ; anterior pair rounded at the apex, greyish-fuscous, slightly
fulvescent, with a black streak from the base, uniting with the dark inner series of
gradate nervules, to form a curved dark line. Radius with 5 sectors, nervuration dark,
interrupted by pale spaces. Posterior wings subhyaline, very lightly infumate, nervu-
ration somewhat dark for the most part, the nervures not conspicuously blackened
towards their apices ; apical margin very faintly, but just perceptibly excised.

^ with the spines of the appendices, somewhat strong, extending to their apices,
crossing each other towards the apex.

Expanse 1 1 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; i $.

(19) Nesomicromus minimtis, sp. nov.

Usually of a dark brown or black colour, sometimes paler, prothorax generally with
brown or yellowish markings in the darker specimens.

Anterior wings rounded at the apex, narrow, greyish, or yellowish-grey, near the
base with two small black spots, one above the other and close together, situated one
on the cubitus anticus the other on the cubitus posticus. Other black or fuscous spots
are often present, but these are the most conspicuous, and apparently are never absent.
Radius normally with 4, rarely with 3 sectors.

Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale and inconspicuous, but towards the apical
margin the nervures become black, and form a delicate marking. Pterostigma often
quite pallid and inconspicuous, but passing from yellow in some to testaceous in others,
and then very conspicuous.

$ with the appendices of the usual form, their spines very finely serrulate, curved
upwards, extending slightly beyond their apices. (Plate IV. fig. 11.)

Expanse 10 — 14 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai and Hawaii (3000 — 4000 ft.).

46 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

PsEUDOPSECTRA, gen. nov.

Allied to Nesomicroinus. Antennae longer than the anterior wings. Maxillary
palpi with the terminal joint long, acuminate, twice as long as the preceding. Prothorax
short.

Anterior wings very short, rounded at the apex, strongly convex above, and
concave beneath, coriaceous and opaque, costal and apical margins fringed, the dorsal
one bare. Nervuration without hairs. Costal area with no recurrent nervule at the
base, and not strongly dilated. Six or seven sectors to the radius.

Posterior wings very minute in both sexes, forming small subtriangular lobes.

Z characters as in Nesomicronms, the appendices each furnished towards the base
on their inferior margin with an upturned spine, which is finely serrulate.

(i) Psendopsect7'a lobipennis, sp. nov.

Brown or nearly black, the legs and antennae testaceous, the latter with darker
annulations, the former with the front and intermediate tibiae with more or less distinct
fuscous markings.

Anterior wings brown or yellowish-brown, gradate nervules infuscate forming dark
lines, nervuration with alternate darker and paler spaces, and there are distinct dark
spots placed all round the margins of the wings. Posterior wings subtriangular narrowly
rounded at the apex, with one very thick longitudinal nervure, and one or two others
much less distinct.

Appendices of t short, clothed with long hairs, their spines strongly developed,
crossing one another, and extending to the apices of the appendices. (Plate IV.

fig- 12.)

Expanse 9 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). One ^ and one ? taken.

Nesothauma, gen. nov.

Antennae short, apical joint of maxillary palpi long, about twice as long as the
preceding. Head and thorax strongly, densely and roughly punctured.

Prothorax bilobate in front. Anterior wings very small, their texture almost that
of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect, the dorsal margin very strongly rounded, the
costal margin much less strongly. Their surface is strongly convex, but somewhat
depressed along the margins, which are reflexed. At the base, for about one-third its
length, the wing is strongly compressed into a strong longitudinal carina, which in the

NEUROPTERA 47

natural position of the wings marks off a dorsal from a lateral field. The nervuration
is not to be definitely made out, but the transverse nervules are excessively numerous
and divide the wing up into great numbers of small square or subcircular cellules ; the
nervures bear no hairs, nor is there any trace of a marginal fringe. Posterior wings,
none.

The (T characters are similar to those of Nesoniicroimis and Pseudopsectra.

(i) Nesothauma haleakalae, sp. nov.

Black, head with pale markings and sometimes the thorax. Antennae variable in
colour, the basal joint sometimes black, sometimes testaceous.

Wings black with yellow markings, or yellow with black and fuscous markings,
very variable in colour. (Plate IV. figs. 13, 13a & i3<5.)

Appendices of Z narrow towards the apex, and pale in colour, their spines slender,
long, crossing each other, and extending considerably behind the extremity of the
appendices.

Length about 4 mm. Expanse 6 — 7 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). Rare.

CHRYSOPIDES.
Anomalochrysa M'Lachl.

(i) Anomalochrysa princeps, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae flavous. A large species of slender
form, but variable in size.

Prothorax with pale and rather long pubescence, gradually attenuate from the base
forwards, and with a transverse impressed line near the base.

Wings with pale nervuration, the anterior much broader than the posterior, the latter
subfalcate. The former are ornamented with sparse black, or blackish, spots. Their
nervuration is not conspicuous, many of the nervules being in part, or wholly, almost
colourless, and for the rest of a pale yellow colour, the whole set with pale hairs. The
gradate nervules form four longitudinal rows of cellules, the two middle ones sometimes
more or less confused, and one or other of them incomplete. Dividing nervule of third
cubital cellule received in the apical side of the cellule, instead of in the upper (i.e. the
cubital nervure), as is usual in the genus. Posterior wings subfalcate, three distinct
rows of cellules formed by the gradate nervules, a fourth sometimes more or less
indicated. All the pterostigmata pallid, the wings subhyaline, tinged with yellow.
F. H. II. 7

48 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Abdomen in t with pale pubescence, its apical dorsal plate not strongly dilated,
erect, clothed along the margins with pale hairs, and armed, on either side, on the
margin at the base beneath with a long fine spine, the apex of which is strongly
incurved. Apical ventral valve narrow, tongue-like, not closed against the dorsal plate,
its surface clothed with long pale hairs. (Plate III. fig. i and Plate IV. figs. 20
& 20a;.)

Length 11 — 14 mm. Expanse 33 — 43 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; various localities in dense and damp forests (2000 — 3000 ft.).

(2) Anomalochrysa molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the preceding, flavous with a bright sulphur-yellow median
longitudinal stripe extending the whole length of the insect. May be distinguished
at once from the preceding by the condition of the third cubital cellule, which is of the
usual form, the dividing nervule received by the cubitus.

The wings have no black dots. The nervuration is rather more complex ; there are
four rows of cellules and indications of a fifth formed by the gradate nervules in the
anterior wings ; four more or less complete rows in the posterior.

Expanse of $ about 43 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai (4000 ft.). A single % found drowning in a pool of
water.

(3) Anomalochrysa sylvicola, sp. nov.

Flavous, with a median longitudinal stripe of a sulphur-yellow colour more or less
distinct.

Allied to the preceding species but smaller, the wings of very similar shape, the
posterior pair very distinctly pointed at their apex. Nervuration and hairs pale, but the
gradate nervules in the anterior wings are more or less black or blackish, and form
evidently four longitudinal rows of cellules with a tendency to a fifth, the intermediate
series being more or less irregular ; posterior wings with four, more or less complete,
rows, one of these sometimes consisting of but few cellules. In the anterior wings the
gradate nervules (except the lowest series slightly), although dark themselves, have not
an evident infuscation along their margins. Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, the
apical dorsal plate not greatly dilated, formed much as in the preceding. (Plate HI.
fig. 2.)

Expanse 35 — 37 mm.

Hab. High plateau of Kauai (4000 ft.).

NEUROPTERA 49

(4) Anomalochrysa debilis, sp. nov.

Form and colour as in A. sylvicola (the yellow longitudinal stripe not alv/ays
visible in dried examples), but considerably smaller. Nervuration pale ; gradate nervules
in the anterior wings black or dark forming four rows of cellules, the two middle ones
not generally completely separated ; posterior wings with three rows. All the cellules
in the gradate series distinctly but lightly infuscate on each side of the gradate nervules.
Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, apical dorsal plate of ^ not strongly dilated, erect, the
spine on each side at the base beneath, exceedingly fine and hair-like, both dorsal and
ventral plates clothed with pale hairs.

Length 8 mm. Expanse 24 — 27 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (about 3000 ft.).

(5) Anomalochrysa peles, sp. nov.

Form, colour and general appearance much as in the two preceding species. From
A. sylvicola it may be at once distinguished by the infuscation of the front wings, which
is more conspicuous than in A. debilis, nearly all the cellules of the anterior wings being
narrowly but distinctly clouded along the nervules ; and from either of those species it
may be known by the form of the third cubital cellule, the apical portion of which has
its apical and inferior angle strongly produced outwardly. Of the cellules formed by
the gradate nervules the upper and lower rows are distinct and very similar in size ;
between these there are at least three other rows more or less confused. In the
posterior wings four rows are more or less evident. Abdomen of ^ much as in the
preceding species. In the only example I have seen, the basal joint of the antennae,
the head, and front of the prothorax, are darker in colour, with a reddish tinge, but this
is hardly likely to be a constant character. The hairs on the nervures of the wings are
rather long and conspicuous. Ventral valve of apical abdominal segment with long
pale hairs.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii ; a single Z taken.

(6) Anomalochrysa montana Blackb.

Anomalochrysa montana Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 419.
Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an elevation of nearly 7000 ft. (Blackburn).
Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.).

50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(7) Anomalochrysa angulicosta, sp. nov.

Thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae yellowish, probably more or less green in
life, as traces of that colour can still be detected on the metathorax of the ?. Prothorax
rather short.

Wings somewhat broad, costal margin in the $ angulated about the middle, the
costal area being suddenly narrowed at that point. In the ? the costal margin is simple
except that it is perceptibly but slightly emarginate before the pterostigma. Nervura-
tion pale yellowish or green, pterostigma pale.

In the anterior wings the gradate nervules form three distinct rows of cellules,
whereof the upper are extremely high, the lower towards the apex show a tendency to
further division. In the posterior wings there are also three rows. All the cellules of
the anterior wings containing fuscous spots or lines. Apical portion of the third cubital
cellule pentagonal. Abdomen with pale pubescence, the apical ventral valve with long
hairs. (Plate III. fig. 3.)

Expanse 32 — 34 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai ; i ? taken at an elevation of 4500 ft. in June, 1893,
and I $ at 4000 ft. June, 1896.

(8) Anomalochrysa cognata, sp. nov.

Female very closely allied to the preceding, but smaller and with narrower wings.
Colour very similar, probably with a bright sulphur-yellow mediodorsal stripe in life.
Anterior wings with the cellules infuscate along their nervules ; gradate nervules
forming four rows of cellules, of which those of the upper row are not very high, and
have their sides straight (not bent as in the preceding) ; the third row consists of small
and somewhat irregular cellules. In the posterior wings there are three rows. Dividing
nervule of the third cubital cellule meeting its apical side, somewhat as in ^. p7'inceps,
but nearer its upper extremity. The lower portion of this cellule is therefore quadran-
gular, instead of pentagonal, as is usual in the genus.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Mountains near Honolulu (3000 ft.); i % taken in 1896.

(9) AnomalocJirysa rufescens M'^Lachl.

Anomalochrysa rufescens, M'Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. (1883), p. 300.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (loc. ?). Blackburn.

NEUROPTERA 51

(10) Anomalochrysa viridis, sp. no v.

Green in life, generally fading after drying to yellow, testaceous, or brown.
Prothorax usually with more or less distinct brown spots.

Posterior wings considerably narrower than the anterior pair, pointed at the apex.
Pterostigmata olivaceous in mature examples, at least in the %, paler apparently in
the t.

The nervuration although fine is clear and conspicuous in mature examples, but is
much darker in some than in others, and is set with very fine hairs, which are evidently
easily abraded, being much more numerous in pallid examples which have recently
emerged. In the anterior wings, which are moderately broad, but somewhat variable
in this respect, four rows of longitudinal cellules are formed by the gradate nervules, of
which the two intermediate rows consist of cellules not much higher than wide, and are
often more or less confused and incomplete, the nervules, which divide them, failing
towards the apex of the wing. One example has three rows only. Posterior wings
with three rows.

The abdomen is clothed with subdecumbent pubescence, the apical dorsal plate in
the t, is erect, not very wide, and fringed with dark hairs, which on its ventral (or inner)
surface at the extreme base extend across it for some distance on each side. I can
detect no sign of the two fine lateral spines which are present in all the preceding
species examined, at about the spot where in this species the fringe of hairs is directed
transversely, as just mentioned. These internally-placed hairs are however themselves
of a spinose nature, and at their apices are beautifully curved inwards. The apical
ventral valve is clothed with somewhat long hairs. (Plate III. fig. 4.)

Expanse 28 — 32 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

(11) Anomalochrysa soror, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the preceding, but probably of smaller average size, with narrower
wings, and the nervuration, which is green, paler. It may be known at once by the
shape of the wings which are almost perfectly rounded at their apices, instead of
forming a distinct angle thereat.

The form and pubescence of the abdomen is much like that of the preceding, the
apical dorsal plate is furnished with similar spinose hairs, which are situated along the

52 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

lateral margins of the plate beneath, forming a longitudinal row ; their colour is dark
and their apices are strongly curved.

The characters of the nervuration are those of the preceding species.

Expanse 25 — 28 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui, 5000 ft. ; 3 ^, i ?. Probably common but overlooked.

(12) Anomalochrysa f rater, sp. nov.

Closely allied to and with the general appearance of A . viridis, which it resembles
in the form of the wings, and in the nervuration, and varies in the same way. The
pterostigmata are sometimes pale, sometimes olivaceous and very distinct.

The ^ is easily known by the pubescence of the abdominal segments, the apical
portions of which are covered especially towards the sides with long and generally black
pubescence, which is directed towards the base of the abdomen, while the basal half of
each segment has only short and inconspicuous hairs. The apical dorsal plate has curved
hairs, similar to those of the two preceding species, but they are differently disposed,
occupying a considerable portion of the lower surface of the plate.

I see no constant differences between the % of this species and that of A. viridis, in
spite of the conspicuous distinctions between the ^^, but the abdomen of the former sex
is invariably so greatly distorted in dried examples, that it is useless for the investigation
of specific characters. (Plate IV. fig. 18.)

Expanse 26 — -32 mm.

Hab. Island of Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; common and generally distributed.

(13) Anomalochrysa nana, sp. nov.

A very small species, bright apple-green in life, with a sulphur-yellow mediodorsal
stripe from the front of the vertex to the apex of the abdomen. In the dried example
the body has for the most part become testaceous, or yellowish, and the yellow line has
to a considerable extent become indistinct, or disappeared.

Anterior wings narrow, obtuse at the apex, hyaline and somewhat iridescent, the
nervuration green partly faded to yellowish, and rather conspicuously clothed with hairs,
which are not very closely set. Gradate nervules very regular, forming an upper and a
lower entire row of cellules, and between these other two rows for the length of a
few cellules, after which one of the series of gradate nervules fails and there is only a
single row of cellules between the upper and lower. There are only about 19 ante-
pterostigmatic cellules.

NEUROPTERA 53

In the posterior wings the nervuration is less distinct. The gradate nervules form
three rows of cellules.

Abdomen clothed with fine pale hairs.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Molokai mountains (3000 ft), June, 1892 ; i % taken.

(14) Anomalochrysa pmirosticta, sp. nov.

Yellow, pronotum with some fuscous markings, meso- and metanota towards the
sides greenish. Head, legs and antennae concolorous with the body.

Wings hyaline, iridescent, with yellow nervuration and pterostigmata, and a few
small black spots on the basal portion of the anterior pair, the spots being situated on
the nervuration, the gradate nervules are also mostly black, and form four rows of
cellules, of which the upper and lower are complete, the part between them not being
divided for its whole length. The third cubital cellule has the apical inferior angle
greatly produced, so that the length of the upper side of the whole cellule is about
equal to the lower. The posterior wings are distinctly pointed at the apex, and have
three rows of cellules in place of the four of the anterior. These rows are quite
distinct, although the two lower may not be completely divided. The nervuration of
the wings is set somewhat sparsely with rather long hairs, which are not at all
conspicuous.

Male unknown.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.); i $, December, 1896.

(15) Anomalochrysa longipennis, sp. nov.

Dark brown, base of antennae and front legs rosy red, thorax especially the
prothorax also with red markings, meso- and metathorax also partly pale. (Plate HI.

fig- 5.)

Wings hyaline, but not perfectly transparent, the anterior pair with a few intra-
cellular dark spots along the dorsal margin. Nervuration green in life, more or less
yellow after drying, very similar to that of the preceding species, to which it is very
closely allied. It differs from A. paurosticta as follows : the dark spots on the wings
are placed within the cellules, instead of on the nervuration, the wings themselves
are longer, the hairs on the nervules are evidently closer and more conspicuous, the
third cubital cellule Is more widely produced apically, and the thickening of the dorsal

54 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

margin near the base of the wing is more conspicuous, and closes, or nearly closes, the
apical portion of the cellule above it.
Male unknown.

Expanse 42 mm.

The entirely different colour of this insect and the preceding cannot be taken into
account in separating the two, as they belong to a group in which different individuals
of the same species often show differences in coloration precisely similar to that exhibited
by these two insects, but I believe they are really distinct.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii; i ? taken in August, 1896.

(16) Anomalochrysa maclachlani Blackb.

Anomalochrysa maclachlani Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 418.
Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii (6000 ft.) in May, 1882. (Blackburn.)

(17) Anomalochrysa deceptor, sp. nov.

This is a very variable species, and the extreme forms are totally unlike one
another in general appearance.

The following three forms of coloration no doubt constantly occur.

(i) Head, thorax and abdomen entirely flavous, or partly greenish (in life
probably sometimes entirely green). (2) Abdomen and sides of the thorax yellowish
or green, face yellow or pink, and a crimson stripe extending from the front of the
vertex of the head to the mesothorax, antennae at the base in these examples often
pink. (3) Whole body dark brown, or with the meso- and metathorax, or one of these
parts more or less pale, green or yellow.

Intermediate forms occur, e.g. a large part of the thorax may be yellow or greenish,
the abdomen dark, and the face pink, &c.

The wings also vary, and may be hyaline and colourless, or themselves slightly
greenish, or they may be whitish and opaque ; nor is this condition of the wings
confined to examples with a particular coloration of the body. These white-winged
examples generally have dark spots on the anterior pair, but this is not invariably
the case, and the spots are generally few, and confined to the base of the wing along
the dorsal margin, but sometimes are more extensive.

The nervuration is always pale, green or yellow, except that the gradate nervules
are usually, if not always, more or less dark, and the dorsal margin of the anterior wings
is sometimes pink.

NEUROPTERA 55

Anterior wings in the ? long and narrow, generally somewhat broader in the t ;
the gradate nervules form four rows of cellules, in the upper of which the cellules are
very high and narrow ; the intermediate rows are subject to further division, so that in
some examples as many as 5 or 6 cellules may sometimes be seen in a transverse line at
some portion of the wing. In one example there are 5 complete rows.

In the posterior wings there are also 4 rows, but one is often incomplete or may be
entirely obsolete. The superior row, as in the anterior wings, consists of extremely high
and narrow cellules, with the sides more or less curved.

The third cubital cellule has its inferior apical angle considerably produced, and
the dividing nervure is evidently shorter than its apical margin (i.e. the nervure between
it and the fourth).

Apical dorsal plate of <? strongly dilated, with very short hairs on its margin above,
on the margin beneath they are also short, and form a fringe directed inwardly.
Apical ventral valve tongue-like, its surface nearly glabrous. (Plate III. fig. 6 and
Plate IV. figs. 19 & 19 a.)

Expanse 33 — 38 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, various localities (2000 — 4000 ft.). Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.).
Koolau range, Oahu (above 2000 ft.).

(18) Anomalochrysa simillima, sp. nov.

Extremely closely allied to the preceding, flavous, fading to testaceous, or brown,
the latter variety with the wings whitish, and subopaque. Probably varies in colour
like the preceding.

On the anterior wings 5 rows of cellules result from the series of gradate nervules,
and there is a tendency to further division.

The species may be distinguished by the following characters ; the cellules of the
upper row formed by the gradate nervules, especially in the hind wings, are less high,
and not so narrow in proportion to their height. The third cubital cellule is less
produced (as a rule hardly at all) at its inferior apical angle, and the dividing nervure is
about equal to the apical side of the cellule.

In this, and the other species of the genus, the dorsal margin of the anterior wing
is greatly thickened at the base just beyond the petiole, and with the nervure above an
elongate cellule is formed. In the preceding species this cellule, although narrow, is
distinct and open, but in the present one it is nearly obliterated, owing to the fact that
the greatly dilated margin in parts touches, or almost touches, the nervure above.

Hab. High plateau of Kauai (4000 ft.).

F. H. II. 8

56 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(19) AnomalocJirysa gayi, sp. nov.

Closely allied to A. deceptor, and exhibiting analogous variation, but I have not
seen any dark-bodied forms such as are found in that species.

Entirely flavous, or the thorax more or less green, sometimes with a bright
crimson dorsal stripe on the thorax, and the head and base of the antennae of that
colour.

Wings with pale nervuration, green or yellow ; anterior pair with 3 very distinct
rows of cellules formed by the gradate nervules. Third cubital cellule with its inferior
apical angle extremely strongly produced, dividing nervule much shorter than the apical
side, and only about one-third the length of the lower side of the cellule.

Posterior wings with 3 more or less complete rows of cellules in the gradate series.

Abdominal characters of t as in A. deceptor. (Plate III. fig. 7.)

Expanse 32 — 39 mm.

Hab. High plateau of Kauai. I have much pleasure in naming this distinct
species after my friend Mr Francis Gay of Kauai, on whose estate the specimens were
captured, and to whom I am indebted for much assistance when working on that
island, and for much botanical information.

(20) Anontalochrysa zoe, sp. nov.

This species is also closely allied to A. deceptor and probably varies in much the
same way.

Yellow with a dorsal longitudinal stripe of a brownish colour, extending over the
vertex, pro- and mesothorax, or entirely dark, except that the metathorax is more or
less greenish, and the apical segments of the abdomen pale. Face, antennae and legs
sometimes crimson, as also the dorsal margin of the anterior wings and sometimes
of both pairs.

Wings with pale nervuration, green or yellowish, the wings themselves also some-
times with a greenish tinge. Gradate nervules in the anterior pair forming 4 distinct
rows of cellules ; third cubital cellule with its inferior apical angle strongly produced,
but evidently less so than in A. gayi, its apical side much longer than the dividing
nervule, which is about half as long as the lower side of the cellule. Sometimes there
are intracellular spots on the wings, in which case these are less transparent than in
unspotted examples, just as was the case in A. deceptor.

Posterior wings with three distinct rows of cellules formed by the gradate series.

Expanse 33 — 39 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai (4000 ft. and upwards). Very rare.

NEUROPTERA 57

(21) Anomalochrysa raphidioides, sp. nov.

Head, legs and antennae usually red in the %, the antennae and head sometimes
nearly black ; in the ^ the antennae and legs are paler, yellowish, and sometimes also
the head. Thorax and abdomen nearly black in the ?, and sometimes nearly as dark
in the ^, but probably usually paler, the apical dorsal plate yellow.

Wings with very distinct and conspicuous nervuration, in the % nearly entirely dark
brown in colour, in the t paler, although many of the nervules are quite dark. The
anterior wings are suffused with brown, very conspicuously in the $, in the t less deeply,
the colour paler (more yellow). The posterior wings are at least for the greater part
hyaline and finely iridescent. All the pterostigmata in the % are dark brown or
reddish brown, and extremely conspicuous, but much less so in the t, and pale in
colour.

Prothorax attenuate in front, and conspicuously elongate.

Anterior wings very narrow in the $, much wider in the ^, the gradate nervules
form three longitudinal rows of cellules, but the second is often partially divided to
form a few cellules of an additional row, and rarely this row is complete. In the
posterior wings, which in the % are not much narrower than the anterior, there are three
distinct rows, which are usually complete or very nearly so.

The apical dorsal plate of the $ is conspicuously dilated, its pubescence pale, some-
what short and inconspicuous. The ventral plate, which is applied to the dorsal, has
only very short and inconspicuous hairs. Apex of the abdomen of % reddish. (Plate
III. fig. 8.)

Expanse 31 — 2,"] mm.

Hab. Kona district of Hawaii, on Mauna Loa and Hualalai, at elevations of
4000 ft. and upwards. I have taken about a dozen examples of this very distinct
species, three only being males.

(22) Anomalochrysa retictdata, sp. nov.

Dark brown, head more or less red, thorax paler in parts which are probably
greenish or yellowish in life ; when immature, entirely pale, testaceous, no doubt green
or yellow in life. Having seen but two mature, and one immature example I cannot
judge of the variation.

Wings hyaline and iridescent, scarcely infuscate, pterostigmata olivaceous, nervu-
ration for the most part dark in both pairs of wings, and very clear and distinct
throughout. In the anterior wings the gradate nervules form three complete rows of
cellules, and in each of the three examples examined another row between the second
and third is represented by 3 cellules. The third cubital cellule is scarcely produced at
its apical and inferior angle.

8—2

58 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

In the posterior wings, there are three distinct rows of cellules formed by the
gradate nervules, the rows being almost or quite complete. I have not seen a ^ of this
species. It is probably allied to A. proteus, but the darker and more distinct nervura-
tion, which is of a simpler character, easily distinguishes it. In size, shape of wings,
&c. it resembles that species.

Expanse 35 — 36 mm. ($).

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (4000 ft.).

(23) Anomalochrysa biseriata, sp. no v.

Dark brown, olivaceous, or more or less testaceous. A rather small species with
the wings clear, hyaline, or almost so, and brightly iridescent. In general appearance,
but for its smaller size, it greatly resembles the preceding species.

Wings with the nervuration for the most part dark and very distinct. In the ante-
rior pair the gradate nervules form three complete rows of cellules, in the posterior pair
only two. In this respect this species agrees with A. kaematui'a, but that is readily
separated by the crimson terminal segments of the abdomen, and the dense clothing of
somewhat long black hairs with which the ventral surface of the abdomen is covered.
In A. biseriata the hairs on this part are very short, and comparatively inconspicuous.
The hairs with which the nervuration is set are very fine and but little evident. (Plate
III. fig. 9.)

I have not seen a ^ of this species.

Expanse 24 — 27 mm.

Hab. Waianae mountains, Oahu (2000 ft.) ; 5 ? taken.

(24) Ano)nalochrysa hae})iafura, sp. nov.

Female dark brown, or nearly black, head and scape of the antennae red, legs
yellow or reddish yellow. Apical segments of the abdomen bright crimson, sometimes
yellowish. Pterostigmata pale olivaceous, or brightly pink.

Wings very clear, hyaline, and iridescent, nervuration very distinct, for the most
part very dark brown, or black. In the anterior pair the gradate nervules form three
rows of cellules, the lower of which consists of 4 or 5 cellules only, the upper of
about twice as many. In the posterior wings there are only two rows.

The abdomen is clothed with obscurelv-coloured hairs on the dark segments, with
pale ones on the apical.

Expanse 27 — 32 mm.

I have not seen the $, but the $ is very distinct from that of any other species.

Hab. a single specimen taken in October, 1892, and three more in 1896 in the
mountains near Honolulu (3000 ft.). The three latter were all at rest on a low plant.

NEUROPTERA 59

(25) Anonialochrysa ornatipennis Blackb.

Anomalochrysa ornatipennis Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. (1884), p. 419.
Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; \ % (Blackburn).

(26) AnoinalocJirysa hepatica M'^Lachl.

Anomalochrysa hepatica M'^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. (1883), p. 299.

(Plate HI. fig. 10 and Plate IV. fig. 17.)

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 — 5000 ft.). Not rare.

(27) Anonialoclirysa proteus, sp. nov.

An extremely variable species, entirely yellow, green, or liver-coloured, or reddish,
often particoloured, the thorax at least being usually more or less yellow or green in
some parts.

Wings normally hyaline, colourless or nearly so, sometimes however suffused with
pale brown, and sometimes with few or many intracellular blotches of a brown colour.
In these spotted examples the wings tend (as has been noticed in regard to other
species) to become white and opaque.

In the anterior wings of the ^ the gradate nervules divide off 5 rows of cellules,
sometimes a sixth is partly formed, rarely there are only 4 complete, and a fifth indicated
by a few cells. The cellules of the middle rows are generally more or less irregular
and confused. In the % there are 4 rows and indications of a fifth, but the wing in this
sex sometimes has the nervuration as complicated as in the t, although in general
there seems to be a tendency to a diminution of the number of cellules.

Posterior wings with 4 rows in the same parts, sometimes more or less of a fifth
in the ^ ; in the % 4, with one more or less incomplete, sometimes only 3.

The nervuration in general is pale, yellow or green, but some of the nervules are
more or less dark, at least those of the gradate series. The third cubital cellule has its
inferior apical angle not at all, or only a little produced, and the dividing nervule is
equal, or nearly equal, to the apical side of the cellule.

Abdomen in the ^ somewhat densely clothed with pubescence, which is generally
black or dark, and is always directed towards the base of the abdomen, the hairs being
suberect. The apical dorsal plate is strongly dilated and its ventral valve glabrous or
nearly so. The % in life probably somewhat resembles the t in the character of the
abdominal pubescence, as appears from the better preserved examples, but as a rule the

6o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

abdomen in this sex is greatly distorted in drying, and the characters are lost. (Plate
III. figs. II, 12 & 13.)

Expanse from about 29 to about i^ mm.

Hab. Oahu and Hawaii. Found at elevations of from 2000 — 8000 ft. I have
examined about 100 examples of this species. The Oahuan specimens seem to be of
smaller average size.

(28) Anomalochrysa fulvescens, sp. nov.

Face and basal joint of the antennae red, brown, or yellowish, pro- and mesothorax
generally red or reddish brown, the sides of the latter and the metathorax often pale,
testaceous or yellowish. Abdomen varying in colour from yellow to dark brown.
Legs varying in colour from pale yellow to red.

Anterior wings strongly fulvescent, often more or less spotted with dark fuscous,
or banded, or even entirely suffused with that colour, but always with a fulvous tinge.

The nervuration in the field of the gradate nervules is extremely complicated, and
consists for the greater part of large numbers of small cellules, most of which are but
little higher than wide, forming a dense reticulum, and not regularly disposed in rows.
The third cubital cellule has its basal side exceedingly strongly thickened in the $, and
in both sexes the dividing nervule almost meets the upper extremity of the apical side,
both being received in an evident thickening on the cubital nervure. The colour of the
nervuration varies from yellow to brown through bright pink. The posterior wings are
hyaline and iridescent distinctly tinged with fulvous, but much less deeply coloured
than the anterior pair. Their nervuration is also irregular and confused, but the gradate
nervules are generally less numerous than in the anterior wings. The pterostigmata
vary in colour from very pale yellow to reddish.

In the $ the abdomen has only an excessively minute and short pubescence, the
apical dorsal plate is not strongly dilated, and has an apical fringe of pale hairs ; on its
lower margin inwardly it is furnished with a row of spinose hairs, directed inwardly, and
with curved apices. The ventral valve with only some short pubescence. (Plate III.
figs. 14. 15 & 16.)

Expanse 28 mm. (very small $) to t,"/ mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 — 5000 ft.). 1 have examined about 50 examples of
this remarkable insect. Of the examples with dark-spotted or banded wings there are
no two alike, nor do the markings ever agree on the two sides of the same insect.

(29) Anomalochrysa rhododora, sp. nov.

Brown, more or less tinged with red, head, basal joint of the antennae, and front
and intermediate legs red.

NEUROPTERA 61

Wings obtuse, the nervuration pale, somewhat densely set with a conspicuous
pubescence. Anterior pair greyish, the nervures, especially those at the base of the
wings, and the gradate nervules, with a somewhat faint brownish infuscation. The
form of the nervuration is very similar to that of A. fulvescens, and the third cubital
cellule is as in that species, pterostigmata pale. Posterior wings hyaline and iri-
descent.

$ characters much as in the preceding.

Expanse t^t^ — 35 mm.

Var. $ xerophylla, van nov.

Anterior wings brown and white, opaque ; posterior pair, white, dull and opaque,
with a few obscurely coloured spots. The colour of the antennae, legs and body
is less bright than that of typical examples. The insect in a resting position bears an
extraordinary resemblance to a small dead leaf that has been attacked by insects.
Although its general appearance is utterly unlike the type, there is no doubt it is
an extreme form of that species, the variation being analogous with that of other
species of the genus.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii. Very rare, i $ \ % taken ; var. xerophylla i %. The
species is evidently allied to the preceding, but its general appearance is altogether
different.

Chrysopa Leach,
(i) Chrysopa micropliya M^Lachl.
Chrysopa microphya M'^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 299.
Hab. Common all over the Islands, in the mountains, and in gardens in
Honolulu, and elsewhere. Probably introduced.

MYRMELEONIDES.

(i) Formicaleo perjtirus Walk.

Myrincieon perjurus Walker, Cat. Neuropt. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 340.
Forniicaleo perjurus M^L., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 301.
Myrmeleon violentus Walker, op. cit. p. 348 ; Formicaleo pei'jurus var., M'^L.,
Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, I.e.

Hab. Honolulu, Oahu (Beechey expedition) ; Maui (Blackburn).

62 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Formicaleo wilsoni M^Lachl.

F. wilsoni M-^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) x. 1892, p. 178.
Hab. Hawaii, locally common, from sea-level to 5000 ft. Lanai (Scott B.
Wilson).

ODONATA,

LIBELLULINA.
Pantala Hag.

( I ) Pantala flavescens Fab.

Hab. Abundant all over the Islands in open country, and in the streets and
gardens of Honolulu.

Tramea Hag.
(i) Tramea lacerata Hagen.
Hab. All the Islands, in open country on the lowlands.

Sympetrum^ Newm.
(i) Sympetrum blackbjirni M'^Lach.
Lepthemis blackburni, M'Lachlan, Ann. N. H. (5) xii. (1883), p. 229.
Hab. On all the Islands, in mountain forests, or deep valleys, but not very
abundant. The species is variable in colour, size, &c.

AESCHNINA.
Anax Leach.
(i) Anax Junius Drury.
Hab. Very abundant all over the Islands.

(2) Anax stremms Hagen.

Anax strenuus, Hagen, Verh. Ges. Wien, 1S67, p. 34 (?) ; Blackburn, Ann.

N. H. (5) XIV. 1S84, p. 413, (^).

Hab. Kauai, Maui and Hawaii, and probably all the Islands, in the mountains.

Not rare but often difficult to catch.

' A new genus, Nesogonia, Kirby, Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) u. 1898, p. 347, has now been established
for this insect.

NEUROPTERA 63

AGRIONINA.
Agrion Fabr.

The dragon-flies of the genus Agrion are amongst the most important repre-
sentatives of the Order of Neuroptera in the Hawaiian Islands. Several species are
found on all the more important islands of the group, and the range of many of them
extends over several islands ; wherein they differ from the greater part of the endemic
insects, which are for the most part confined to a single island ; or to one or two
of those which lie most closely together. At the same time, when a series of examples
of a species from different islands is compared, certain more or less constant differences
are often observable, especially as regards size.

Perhaps the most interesting facts relate to the earlier stages, or nymphs, which
are aquatic and carnivorous. Excluding these dragon-flies and a few water-beetles,
the insect fauna of the streams and pools is almost non-existent. The Ephemeridae,
Perlidae, and Trichoptera, usually so numerous, are entirely unrepresented in the
Islands, although the mountain streams, rising at high altitudes, with their superb
waterfalls, and various temperatures, appear admirably adapted for many of these.
It is therefore not a little surprising to find the group of dragon-flies so well represented,
and that the individuals are so numerous, being on the whole the most conspicuous
of all the endemic insects. In the absence of the groups above mentioned, I believe
that their main food-supply comes from without, consisting of such creatures as
accidentally fall into the water. Under ordinary circumstances this is not great, but
after rain, when the streams rise very quickly, food becomes abundant. When the
streams, as is often the case, become nearly dry, large numbers of creatures resort to
the pools that are left, for the sake of the moisture, and the numbers that come to grief is
often astonishing, the whole surface being covered with the drowned and drowning.

There are, however, other species, the nymphs of which live under very different
circumstances. These have given up their aquatic life, and live hidden at the bases
of the leaves of a liliaceous plant — Asteiia veratroides. Sometimes a little water
is held by the plant around the stem, but more often there is merely a collection
of damp earth and dead leaves. These nymphs would even appear to dislike the
collections of water, for in wet weather they often crawl half-way up the leaves, instead
of remaining at the base, where the water accumulates. They differ in some points
from those which frequent the water ; they are shorter and stouter, and much more
sluggish, and the caudal appendages are very short and thick, differing therein
greatly from some of the aquatic species, the appendages of which form beautiful
tracheal gills.

On the whole they are without doubt better off as regards a food supply than
the aquatic species, for there is generally abundance of animal life around them.
F. H. II. 9

64 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

A number of interesting beetles breed only in this plant, and minute young of molluscs
and earthworms are generally abundant in the same, as well as the larvae of small
moths. Moreover nymphs of various sizes often frequent a single plant, and if hard
pressed for food the larger, no doubt, devour the smaller individuals.

In consequence of these habits, some of these species of dragon-flies, although
their powers of flight are feeble, may often be seen in numbers in localities remote
from water, and where they would not naturally be looked for.

These terrestrial nymphs are able to endure extreme drought. On one occasion
when out shooting, having no more convenient receptacle, I carried a number for
the greater part of the day in an envelope. In the evening, although very dry, they
were still quite lively. They were then placed in a tumbler of water, where they
remained on the bottom, not being able to crawl up the sides. Here they remained
for a day, apparently as happily as on dry land, when they were taken out and
preserved.

M^Lachlan (Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. (1883), p. 238) established a new genus
Megalagrion for the two species A. blackburni and A. oceanicuin, on the character
that the post-costal area was complicated by the division of its cellules. We have not
adopted that genus on account of the instability of the nervuration in this respect.
(Cf description of A. kauaiense, infra?)

(i) Ag7'ion xanthomelas Selys.

Agrion (.?) xanthomelas Selys, Synop. Agrionines, legion Agrion, p. 174.
M'=Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 232.

(Plate V. figs. I, 4 & \a.)

Hab. Probably occurs all over the Islands. Very common on Oahu, Maui
and Hawaii. Found both on the coast and in the mountains as high as 3000 ft.

(2) Agrion pacificum M^Lachl.

Agrion {?) pacificum M'^Lachl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) .xii. 1883, p. 234.

(Plate V. figs. 6 & 6fl.)

Hab. Not so abundant generally as A. xanthojfielas , but found on all the Islands.

(3) Agrion hawaiiense M'^Lachl.

Agrion (?) hawaiiense M^LachL, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p, 232.

Hab. " Oahu, at no great elevation above the sea." (Blackburn.) I have not
met with this species.

NEUROPTERA 65

(4) Agrion nigro-hamatum Blackb.

Agrion (?) nigro-haniatiim Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 414.
(Plate V. figs. 5 & 5«.)

Race nigro-lineattwi, van nov.

Of considerably smaller average size than typical specimens and with a distinct
black line on the upper side of the femora. This point of difference had already
been noticed by Mr Blackburn in his note on the species (/. c), but the other
distinctions between the type and his Oahuan examples, as there given, will hardly
hold in a series of the two forms.

Hab. Typical examples common on Maui and Molokai. Race nigro-lineatum
common on Oahu and also found on Hawaii.

Obs. The bright yellow face and the colour of the eyes, which are bright green
or turquoise blue on the lower half, and red on the upper, give this species a most
remarkable appearance when flying around the streams. The colour of the eyes
fades after death.

(5) Agrion koelense Blackb.

Agrion (?) koelense, Blackburn Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 417.

This species varies considerably in several of the points that are used in the ori-
ginal description. The number of cellules surmounted by the pterostigma is variable in
all, or nearly all, the Hawaiian species and of no specific value here or in other species.
The number of cellules between the quadrilateral and nodus is three or four. The
post-cubitals are usually 16 or 17 in number. The upper margin of quadrilateral
usually about one-third the length of the lower, in the front wings, but more than
one-third in the posterior pair. Sometimes, as is also the case in allied species, the
t assumes more or less the colour of the ?, the femora being pale beneath, and the
sides of the thorax bearing pale longitudinal stripes as in that sex ; in fact these
are the only characters of colour by which the % is usually distinguished. The
valvules are sometimes pale, sometimes black, their appendages, as also the superior
pair, are black.

In the t the superior appendages, viewed laterally, have their upper and lower
margins subparallel, the apical angles produced into two processes of which the upper
is somewhat more strongly developed than the lower. (Plate V. figs. 7 & 7«.)

Hab. Mountains of Lanai (2000 ft. and upwards) and in the lao Valley of
the West Maui Mountains.

9—2

66 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Agrion asteliae, sp. nov.

Extremely like the preceding in general appearance, sometimes larger, sometimes
of equal size. Post-cubital nervules usually 19 to 21 in the anterior wings, but in one $
there are only 14. The $ characters are extremely like those of A. koelense, but are
quite sufficiently distinct by the greater development of the inferior apical process
of the superior appendages which is rather larger than the upper process, and both
of these processes are somewhat more strongly bent inwards, and also towards each
other.

Female with the femora pale beneath, some pale markings on the sides of the
thorax and sometimes two lateral longitudinal stripes on the dorsum. Superior
appendages black, valvules pale, their appendages black. In one example the abdomen
is almost entirely black, in the other the bases of the segments have a very narrow
distinct pale band, hardly indicated in the former.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu, 3000 ft. Nymphs taken freely in the leaves of
growing plants of Astelia veratroides. A single pair taken in copula at Kilauea
Hawaii (4000 ft.). The individuals from the two Islands do not altogether agree, but
I doubt whether they could be separated, even with a long series of examples.

(7) Agrion amaurodytum, sp. nov.

Dull black, or in the $ (and rarely in the ^) greenish black with metallic lustre.
t with the head, thorax and base of the abdomen usually more or less covered with
a slate-coloured pruinose efflorescence, rarely altogether absent in this sex, though
invariably wanting in the %. Labrum pale along the apical margin. Sides of face
along the inner margin of the eyes below the antennae pale, these markings connected,
or nearly so, by a pale line in the %. Vertex black, the region of the post-ocular spots
occupied usually by two patches of bluish pruinosity. In the $ the post-ocular spots
are sometimes absent, often very small, but sometimes well-developed, and yellow in
colour. Prothorax with a transverse pale line in front in the %, and sometimes some
spots posteriorly, usually unspotted in the ^, but occasionally with markings like those
of the $. Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side of the dorsum in front in the $,
which is rarely, more or less distinctly, present in the t ; the sides with pale markings
(variable) in the $, which are generally less bright in the ^, and sometimes entirely
absent. Legs black in the ^, the femora more or less pale beneath in the %. Wino-s
with 19 — 21 post-cubital nervules. Four or five cellules between the quadrilateral and
nodus. Pterostigma dark, not very elongate. Abdomen in the ? with a more or less

NEUROPTERA 67

distinct very narrow pale band at the base of most of the segments ; sometimes these
bands appear also in the t\ ist and 2nd segments often with a pale spot or line at
the sides.

t superior appendages as long as the loth segment, entirely black, or sometimes
more or less pale inwardly, the apices bent inwards and armed with an excessively
short and minute spine. On the inferior margin about half-way between the apex
and base of the appendage there is a stout blunt spine directed inwards, so that the
appendages may be looked upon as being produced into a long superior and a short
inferior process. The inferior margin, as viewed inwardly, is not at all strongly
rounded, so that the upper and lower margins are subparallel. Inferior appendages
short, pale or black, their apices directed inwards.

$ superior appendages black, subacute ; valvules pale, their appendages dark.

Var. A. Two or three males taken high up on the ridges of the West Maui Mts.
are larger than the typical specimens, and show none of the pale-bluish colour on
the dorsum of the thorax and abdomen, which would appear to be the case with
specimens from Molokai only when the % colouration is assumed.

Race Waianaeanum, var. nov. Oahuan specimens from the Waianae Mts. differ
from typical ones as follows :

t With no bluish pruinose efflorescence. Post-ocular spots sometimes present.
Prothorax with pale spots. Dorsum of thorax with longitudinal lateral stripes. Femora
pale beneath. Abdomen with distinct narrow pale basal bands to the segments.

% Rhinarium and part of the post-clypeus pale, legs almost entirely pale, as also
the appendages of the valvules. Abdomen with a yellowish transverse medio-dorsal
band on the second segment.

Race peles, var. nov.

Much smaller than the preceding forms. Post-cubital nervules usually 13 — 16.
Typically this race exactly resembles the Molokai examples in general appearance, and
exhibits similar variation, the pruinose efflorescence being absent, when the markings of
the % are assumed. There are only three cellules between the quadrilateral and the
nodus.

Var. fallax, var. nov.

Where the typical form abounds an extraordinary variety is sometimes found.
This has the abdomen more or less red in both sexes, the third segment generally
almost entirely so ; the legs are almost wholly pale. The post-ocular spots are red
or yellow, large and connected (or almost so) by a red or yellow line. The pro-
thorax is much spotted and the longitudinal lateral lines of the dorsum of the

68 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

thorax are broad and distinct, while the pale marks which border the eyes inwardly
are connected by a transverse band just behind the posterior margin of the clypeus.

The measurements of this species are about as follows :

Typical form and race waianaeaniim. Length of abdomen 36 — 38 mm.; of post,
wings 25 — 27 mm.; expanse 52 — 54 mm.

Var. from W. Maui. Length of abdomen 42 mm.

Race peles and var. fallax Length of abdomen 30 mm. ; of post, wings 19 mm. ;
expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Typical specimens from Molokai (3000 — 4000 ft.), and from the lao Valley,
Maui. Larger and darker var. from high ridges of W. Maui Mts. (4000 ft.). Race
waianaeanum from the Waianae Mts., Oahu {2000 — 3000 ft.). Race peles widely
distributed on Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.), the var. fallax found with it.

(8) Agrion eudytum, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the preceding and very similar in most respects. Black ; ^ with
the post-ocular spots, those on the prothorax, the lateral longitudinal lines of the dorsum
of the thorax, the greater part of its sides, the first two segments of the abdomen,
and the femora beneath pruinose, of a bluish, almost white, colour. Face below the
antennae obscurely pallid.

Female with the face yellow below the antennae, as also the post-ocular spots
which are distinct and a line on the posterior margin of the vertex. Prothorax with
yellow spots. Thorax with the latero-dorsal lines reaching half-way to the insertion
of the wings, its sides for the most part pale. Femora almost entirely pale. Abdomen
with the first two segments and base of the third pale at the sides and also partly
above.

Anterior wings with 3 or 4 cellules between the quadrilateral and the nodus, and
about 20 post-cubitals. Upper side of quadrilateral very short ; one-fourth as long as
the lower in the anterior, one-third the length of the lower, in the posterior wings.

^ superior appendages as long as the loth segment, pale inwardly on the basal
portion, formed very like those of A. amaurodyhim, but more dilated, the inferior
apical spine evidently smaller, between which and the base, on the inferior margin of
the appendage there is a minute black tubercle. Inferior appendages black, pale at
the base, curved upwards, the narrow apical portion longer than in the preceding
species and much less strongly bent inwards.

% superior appendages black, valvules and their appendages pale.

Hab. Kauai (about 1000 ft.), i ^, i $ taken. Probably not rare as I spent
only an hour or so in the locality and did not revisit it.

NEUROPTERA 69

(9) Agrion adytum, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the preceding, and like it of very slender form in the t-
Neither sex pruinose. Abdomen dark, black or more or less piceous. Apex of labrum
pale, otherwise the face below the antennae nearly black in the Z, in the % it is nearly
entirely pale. Post-ocular spots wanting in the three t examples, but one has a pale
line on the posterior margin of the vertex in the middle. Dorsal thoracic markings
present or absent in this sex, in the single $ the latero-dorsal stripes are abbreviated
into a spot on either side in front. Legs black or piceous, femora more or less pale
beneath. Abdomen of ? with a yellow spot on the sides of the first and second
segments. Wings with 18 — 22 post-cubitals in the front pair, and 3 or 4 cellules
between the quadrilateral and the nodus.

^ characters very like those of the preceding, but the apical process of the superior
appendages is shorter and the minute tubercle on the inferior margin between the
apical inferior tooth and the base is absent. They are distinct at once from those of
A. amaurodytnm by the small size of that tooth.

$ superior appendages black, valvules and their appendages pale.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

(10) Agrion oresitrophum, sp. nov.

Male of very slender form with red abdomen, the 6th and 7th segments at least
black. Face below the antennae red or pale, post-ocular spots of the same colour and
connected. Prothorax spotted, the front and hind margins also red or yellow. Latero-
dorsal lines of thorax and median crest similarly coloured. Legs red or pale, with
black spines. Wings with 14 — 17 post-cubitals in the front pair, and 3 cellules between
the quadrilateral and the nodus.

Superior appendages very short, much shorter than the loth segment in lateral
view, the apex black and directed downwards, viewed inwardly the inferior margin is
very strongly rounded, and near the base gives rise to an acute spine directed upwards,
its point attaining to about the level of the superior margin of the appendage. Lower
appendages long extending considerably behind the superior, curved inwards and
upwards, their apices black, very slightly emarginate (hardly perceptibly in some
examples), to form two exceedingly minute spines. Tenth segment angulately excised.

Two female examples from the same locality may belong to this species ; the
abdomen is entirely blackish above, with a narrow pale ring at the base of the
segments. Clypeus and labrum black or blackish at the base. Wings as in the ^.
(Plate V. figs. 8 & 8fl.)

^Q FAUNA HAWAIJENSIS

Length of abdomen 31 — 36 mm. Posterior wing 20*5 — 23 mm. Expanse
44 — 49 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). Not noticed at lower altitudes.

A. leptodevias is closely allied to this species and has very similar ^ characters but
the tubercle of the superior appendages of that species inwardly is differently situated,
not reaching higher than half the height of the appendage, and the lower appendages
extend only about as far back as the superior pair.

(11) Agrio7t orobates, sp. nov.

Male of the form, size and colour of the preceding. Superior appendages short,
in lateral view shorter than the loth segment, resting on the lower pair, and terminating
in a black tubercle. Viewed inwardly, they are much less strongly rounded on the
lower margin than is the case with that species, and on this margin towards the base
they are armed with an extremely minute black spine, which is not directed upwards
to the level of the dorsal margin. Lower appendages long, directed upwards and
inwards, their apices meeting in the middle line, each armed with two minute but
distinct spines, the inferior rather the stronger. Tenth segment extremely deeply
excised, almost to its basal margin.

A single ? taken in the same locality may belong to this species. It resembles
those rnentioned under the preceding in most respects but has the abdomen nearly
entirely red, a dorsal longitudinal line on the second segment and the apex of this
and the five following segments being black.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai above Waimea (4000 ft.). A single $ taken in
May, 1894.

(12) Agrion lepiodemas, sp. nov.

A small and very slender species. Face below the antennae entirely red, vertex
of head posteriorly with a red transverse line. Prothorax with the front and hind
margin and four spots on the dorsum yellow ; thorax above and at the sides with
yellow or red stripes, the median ridge red. Legs red, the spines black. Four basal
and three apical segments of the abdomen red, the intermediate ones dark. Thirteen
post-cubital cellules in the front, eleven in the hind wings. Three cellules between the
quadrilateral and the nodus. Upper side of quadrilateral ^ in the upper wings, in
the lower \ the length of the lower side.

Superior appendages very short, in lateral view hardly half as long as the loth
segment, very strongly dilated, almost from the extreme apex, which forms a small

NEUROPTERA 71

black tooth directed transversely and downwards as is easily seen in an apical view.
The strongly curved margin of the dilatation is dark, and inwardly, at about the middle
of the height of the appendage, gives rise to a distinct black spine or tubercle directed
upwards. Inferior appendages with acute black apices, and directed inwards and
upwards.

Length of abdomen, 29 mm. ; post, wing, 18 "5 mm. ; expanse, 40 mm.

Hab. Halemano, Oahu, above 2000 ft. A single <J taken in February, 1893.

(13) Agrion calliphya M^Lachl.

Agrioui?) calliphya M-^Lachl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 236 (<?).

I have examined many examples of this species. The abdomen (^) of those from
Haleakala attains a length of 40 mm. and that of the largest examples from Lanai is
only a little shorter. In those from Molokai the length is about 35 mm., but some are
considerably shorter, as is also the case in some from Lanai. The number of cellules
between the quadrilateral and the nodus is variable, 3, 4, or 5, the number to some
extent apparently depending on the size of the individual.

The % typically is very unlike the t in general appearance, the abdomen being
for the most part black, the base of segments 1 — 7 very narrowly pale or red and
(except on the first and second) with a red spot near the apex of each of these
segments. The three terminal segments are red in the middle, black at the sides.
Clypeus black on the basal portion, thoracic markings as in the ^. Posterior margin
of prothorax strongly raised and sinuate, its middle portion being strongly produced
posteriorly. Superior appendages dark, valvules and their appendages pale. (Plate V.
figs. 9 & 9 a.)

Race niicrodenias, var. nov.

Like the typical individuals in colour and form but of uniformly smaller size ;
length of abdomen about 30 mm. or less, posterior wing 19 mm. Usually 12 — 14
post-cubitals. Three cellules between the quadrilateral and the nodus.

This dwarf form of the species is analogous to the race peles of A. amattrodytum,
which indeed is nearly always found with it.

The colour of the ^ is somewhat variable, the darkest example has only the first
three and the last two segments of the abdomen red, while in others it is nearly entirely
this colour. I have several times taken the sexes coupled.

Hab. Molokai, Maui and Lanai. Race inicrodemas, abundant on Hawaii.

F. H. II. 10

72 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS '

(14) Agrion nesiotes, sp. nov.

Very slender in form, with the abdomen black, the two basal segments entirely or
for the most part red above, as also the two apical. Face pale below the antennae,
clypeus black above in the %. Posterior margin of head pale, post-ocular spots present
or absent. Thorax with the median carina and lateral dorsal lines yellow or red. Legs
red or pale. Abdomen with five or six segments more or less pale in tesseral examples,
otherwise as above. Wings with 16 — 20 post-cubitals. Three cellules between the
quadrilateral and the nodus. Post-pterostigmatic cellules of the posterior wings more or
less duplicated. Posterior margin of the prothorax in the % produced backwards in the
middle, the lobe so formed subtruncate.

^ superior appendages very long, twice as long as the loth segment, gently curved
on their outer margins, the extreme apex bent inwards, dilated only for a short distance
at the base, the inferior margin of the dilated portion armed at its apex inwardly with a
black spine. Inferior appendages bent inwards, acute at the apex, short, extending
only about as far back as the apex of the dilated portion of the superior pair. Tenth
segment strongly raised at the apex about the middle of its margin, and narrowly
excised, with a regular fringe of hair along the excision.

$ superior appendages short, black ; valvules and their appendages pale. (Plate V.
figs. 10 & 10 a.)

Length of abdomen 36 mm. ; posterior wing 23 mm. ; expanse 49 mm.

Hab. Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft); widely distributed, but rarer than the other
species found on this Island. Taken in Kona, Kau, and Puna districts.

(15) Agrion Jugoj'um, sp. nov.

Very slender and elongate in form ; abdomen with several of the basal segments
red.

Face below the antennae entirely or almost entirely red or yellowish in the $, base
of clypeus and labrum more or less black in the $. Post-ocular spots red or yellow and
always united by a line of the same colour. Pronotum with the anterior and posterior
margins and some spots on the dorsum red or yellow. Median crest of the thorax,
a line on either side of the dorsum and the sides more or less of one or other of these
colours. Legs red or yellow with black spines. Wings with 22 — 24 post-cubital
cellules, pterostigma bright wine-red in the Lanai examples, generally much less
brightly coloured in those from Maui. Post-pterostigmatic cellules often forming two
complete rows, and nearly always forming more or less of a double series at least in one
wing, but very variable, sometimes slightly infuscate. Three, four, or five cellules
between the quadrilateral and the nodus. Abdomen of $ with the first four segments
nearly entirely red, the next three usually black, or dark, the three apical for the most
part red. In the ? three to five segments from the base are red with their apical

NEUROPTERA JZ

margins black, as well as two or three of the terminal segments, but the colour is very
variable.

$ superior appendages red on the basal portion, curved inwards but not very
strongly, about equal in length to the loth segment, strongly and suddenly dilated on
more than their basal half. The black apex is armed inwardly with an extremely
minute tubercle ; the dilated portion bears on its apical margin a well-developed black
tooth, directed inwardly, and situated just above its inferior apical angle (when the
appendages are viewed inwardly). The lower appendages are short and bent inwards,
their apices forming a black spine. The apex of the loth segment is emarginate.

Female superior appendages short, red or piceous, rounded at the apex, not very
acute. Valvules more or less pale, their appendages of the same colour or piceous.
(Plate V. figs. 2, II & II a.)

Length of abdomen 40 — 47 mm. Wing post. 27 mm. Expanse 56 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Lanai and high ridges of the W. Maui Mts. (4000 ft.).

(16) Agrion molokaiense, sp. nov.

Almost exactly like the preceding in general form and appearance and of the same
dimensions. Three males (one much mutilated) differ as follows. The basal part of
the clypeus is black, the post-ocular spots are somewhat smaller. The pterostigma is of
a dark brownish colour. The post-pterostigmatic cellules, especially in the posterior
wings, are very distinctly clouded. The third segment of the abdomen and the three
apical ones are nearly entirely red, the two basal are much suffused with black, the rest
black or blackish. It is probable that none of these distinctions would hold good in a
long series, but the species is easily known by the genitalia.

Superior appendages in strict dorsal view, very little produced beyond the extremity
of the dilated portion : in lateral view the apex is obliquely truncate and each of these
angles is produced into a minute tooth or spine. The dilatation of the appendages is
very gradual and the spine at its inferior apical angle is evidently smaller than that of
the preceding species.

A single $ which belongs to this species differs from the preceding, so far as I can
see, only in the smaller size of the post-ocular spots and the almost black basal two
segments of the abdomen.

A single $, which is evidently somewhat immature, almost exactly resembles this ?
in colour, and is so different in colour to that sex as described above, as to make it
doubtful whether the species could be separated from the preceding without the exami-
nation of the appendages.

Length of abdomen, &c. as in A. jtigorum.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai, above 4000 ft., but one taken at about 1000 ft. less
elevation.

10 — 2

74 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(17) Agrion oahuense Blackb.

Agrion (?) oahuense Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 414 (^).

Female with the abdomen black or more or less piceous, most of the segments
with a narrow pale basal band. Apex of labrum widely, and a transverse band behind
the clypeus pale. Post-ocular spots present, connected, sometimes obscure. Posterior
margin of prothorax slightly produced in the middle. Latero-dorsal lines of thorax and
median carina reddish. Legs pale. Three cellules between the quadrilateral and the
nodus. Post-pterostigmatic cellules at least in the posterior wings more or less duplicated.
This series consists of 12 — 14 cellules at least, the divided cellules, which vary from one
only to many, being considered as single cellules in the count. Superior appendages
dark, valvules and their appendages generally of an obscure colour, sometimes quite
pale. Size about that of the ^, and of similar slender form, the abdomen very slightly
stouter. (Plate V. figs. 12 & 12 a.)

Hab. High ridges of mountains on Oahu (3000 ft.). Nymphs living between the
leaves of Astelia veratroides.

(18) Agrion satelles Blackb.

Agrion (?) satelles Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 414.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 ft.). (Blackburn.) I cannot identify this species
with any known to me. A large form of Agrion deceptor and a similar one of
A. calliphya are common in the locality.

(19) Agrion deceptor M"^Lachl.

Agrion (?) deceptor M'^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. 1883, p. 235.

A common species in most parts of the Islands. Examples from Maui, Lanai and
Molokai are generally larger than the Oahuan specimens, the largest attaining a length of
46 mm., the front wings often having as many as 22 post-cubitals. The thoracic markings
and the amount of red on the abdomen are variable. In Maui specimens the two basal
abdominal segments are often nearly entirely black above in the $. In dark-coloured
%% the two basal segments are black above, with or without red spots, the third black
at the base and apex and with a median black line in the central red portion, the
following segments except for a narrow pale basal band nearly entirely dark, the apex
of the 8th and 9th and the whole of the loth more or less red. In the ^ the small lower

NEUROPTERA 75

tooth of the upper appendages is rather less developed in some specimens than others,
but there is no constancy in this respect even with examples from the same locality.
Some specimens show an evident tendency to the form of nervuration on which the
genus Megalagrioii was founded.

Hab. All the Islands from Oahu to Hawaii inclusive.

(20) Agrion vagabundum, sp. nov.

Allied to A. deceptor M'^Lachl., larger specimens of which it sometimes exactly
resembles in general appearance. Abdomen usually with the first 6 segments red.
Face below the antennae pale, clypeus more or less dark in the %. Post-ocular spots
large and connected. Prothorax spotted, thorax with longitudinal latero-dorsal stripes.
Legs reddish. Wings usually with 4, sometimes 5, cellules between the quadrilateral
and the nodus. Four to six post-pterostigmatic cellules in the posterior wings. Ptero-
stigma not brightly coloured.

Z superior appendages as long or longer than the loth segment, curved inwards
but not very strongly, widely dilated on the basal half the inferior margin within
bearing a very minute tubercle, sometimes hardly visible, towards the apical angle,
which is rounded off No distinct tooth or spine at the inferior apical angle, such as is
seen in A. deceptor. Inferior appendages acute, extending rather beyond the dilated
portion of the upper ones, curved inwards and upwards.

% superior appendages red or blackish, valvules pale. (Plate V. figs. 13 & 13a.)

Length of abdomen 31 — 36 mm. ; hind-wing 23*5 mm. ; expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Widely distributed on Kauai from 1000 ft. to 4000 ft. or more, in the
mountains.

Some females which certainly belong to this species show hardly any red colour on
the abdomen, the variation being much as in A. deceptor, from which the % can hardly
be distinguished.

(21) Agrion kauaiense, sp. nov.

Face below the antennae red or pale, as also the post-ocular spots which are
connected. Prothorax with red or pale spots ; thorax above and at the sides with red
or pale lines. Legs red with long black spines. Pterostigma bright red. Abdomen
with the basal five segments and the two apical ones (more or less) red ; 6th, 7th and
8th black usually, but the 6th sometimes red. First five segments often with a narrow
apical black band.

76 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Wings with i6 — 22 post-cubital cellules. Upper side of the quadrilateral about \
the length of lower in the front wings, somewhat longer in the posterior pair. Post-
costal area with either a single row of cellules, or with a double row for a considerable
part of its length, extremely variable in the number of cells that are divided.

t superior appendages terminating above in a stout hook very strongly curved
inwards, below this is a distinct but much smaller black tooth, and on the lower margin
inwardly nearly half-way between the latter tooth and the base of the appendage is
a third very minute tooth or tubercle. The appendages themselves more or less
red, the teeth black. Inferior appendages red with black tips curved upwards and
inwards.

$ superior appendages generally black, sometimes red, pointed ; valvules more or
less pale, their appendages generally dark.

Length of abdomen 33 — 40 mm. ; posterior wing 25 — 28*5 mm. ; expanse 57 mm.

Allied to^. deceptor but generally larger and with the nervuration of the postcostal
area more complicated. The t is very distinct by the form of the superior appendages
which are much more strongly curved inwards at the apex, and also by the position of
the second tooth which, if the appendage be viewed inwardly, is seen to be situated
about in the middle of its greatest height, whereas in A. deceptor the tooth is situated
at the lower angle. The bright colour of the pterostigma is also a useful character.

Hab. Kauai, widely distributed (2000 — 4000 ft.).

(22) Agrion oceanicum M'^Lachl.

Megalagrion oceanicum M'^Lachl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 239 (<^).

Female with the wings, &c. as in the Z, which it resembles in most respects, but
the abdomen is stouter and the amount of black colour is more extensive than is usual
in that sex. Posterior margin of the prothorax strongly raised, angulate in the middle,
and fringed with long hairs. (Plate V. figs. 14 & \\a.)

Hab. Island of Oahu, common and widely distributed, frequenting the streams of
both the mountain ranges.

(23) Agrion blackburni M'^Lachl.

Megalagrion blackburni M'^Lachl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 238.

(Plate V. figs. 15 & 15 «.)

Hab. Maui, Lanai (Scott B. Wilson), Molokai and Hawaii (windward side).
Common generally.

NEUROPTERA

(24) Ag7'ion heterogamias, sp. nov.

Male with the abdomen red, that of the % greenish-black. Labium, apex of labrum,
a space along the inner margin of each eye, connected by a transverse line, pale.
Vertex of head black with pale post-ocular spots, which are nearly connected by a pale
line. Prothorax more or less spotted. Dorsum of the mesothorax with the median
crest and two lateral lines pale, rarely reddish ; sides of thorax more or less pale. Legs
pale or reddish, with long black spines. Wings with elongate pterostigma of an obscure
colour. Post-costal area of both pair with a double row of cellules for a great part of
its length. Abdomen in the ^ generally with the apical half of the 6th, the 7th, and
more or less of the 8th black, the rest nearly entirely red, and not very variable ; in the
% the abdomen is nearly entirely greenish-black above, with the basal margins of the
3rd to the 7th segments very narrowly pale and the apices of the following obscurely
and narrowly reddish, or testaceous.

Z superior appendages as long as the loth segment somewhat incurved, the apex
black and armed at its extremity with a minute tubercle directed inwards ; inwardly, a
short way behind the apex, is a second minute spine or tubercle, from which the
appendage is greatly produced downwards and dilated : at the apex of the lower margin
of the dilated portion inwardly there is a small black spine directed inwardly, and the
margin itself now becomes thickened and strongly raised, and near the base of the
appendage gives rise to another black spine directed upwards. Lower appendages
elongate-triangular, extending beyond the dilated portion of the superior pair, hardly
curved inwards, red, terminating in a minute tubercle or spine. Tenth segment angu-
lately excised.

Female superior appendages acute, triangular, black or obscurely reddish ; valvules
pale, their appendages darker. (Plate V. fig. 3.)

Length of abdomen 36 — 40 mm. ; of hind-wing 29 mm. ; expanse 64 mm.

Hab. Kauai, widely distributed from near sea-level to 4000 ft. Allied to A.
oceanicum and A. blackburni, the females of which are quite distinct from the present
species by their general appearance, and the males by the form of the appendages.

PSOCIDAE.
In this group we have followed Renter in the description of wing-nervuration.

Psocus Latr.
(i) Psocics haleakalae, sp. nov.

Head with the labrum dark, the post-clypeus pale with longitudinal dark lines, the
front more or less pale, with dark markings. Eyes in the t not very large, the space
between them in a front view of the head being (where least) fully equal to, or rather

78 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

greater than, the width of the two together. In the % they are somewhat more remote.
The antennae of the ^ near the base are clothed with long and conspicuous hairs, which
stand out on all sides nearly erect from the surface, but towards the apex they become
less so. In the $ the antennal hairs are much shorter, and inconspicuous.

The surface of the mesothorax is dull, and its margins more or less pale.

Wings hyaline, the anterior slightly infuscate along the margin about the apex.
At the extreme base there is a dark band, and a very distinct unbroken transverse fascia
about the middle. The apical portion of the pterostigma, a spot beneath and adjoining
this, and one on the transverse portion of the inner branch of the cubitus, are also black
or dark. Posterior wings with an infuscation on the dorsal margin towards the base.

Legs pale, the tarsi dark.

Abdomen more or less pale, at least in some examples. The apical ventral
segment of the ^ is flat at the base, but the apical portion is bent upwards at right
angles to this and forms a sort of long process.

Expanse 8"5 — lo mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.).

(2) Psociis simulator, sp. nov.

Resembles the preceding in general appearance. It is rather larger, the median
transverse fascia of the anterior wings is slightly interrupted about the middle. There
is a small spot on the cubitus about half-way between the base of the wing and the
median fascia. In the ^ the eyes are much larger, the width of one of them (in a front
view of the head) being considerably greater than the distance between its inner
margin and the nearest ocellus.

Expanse 10 — W2 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). The ^ is quite distinct by the size of the eyes
should the slight colour distinctions prove inconstant.

(3) Psocus imictcs, sp. nov.

One of the largest Hawaiian species, wings hyaline, faintly clouded. The ptero-
stigma is for the most part brownish and there is no spot adjoining it. There is a faint
fuscous stain, forming a transverse band, which passes through the cubitus at its
furcation. Otherwise the wings are without markings. The median lobe of the
mesothorax is faintly shining in front. The unique example appears to be a $, but the
eyes are more prominent than is usual in that sex, although they are widely separated.
The pubescence of the antennae is short and inconspicuous.

Expanse i3'5 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; unique.

NEUROPTERA 79

(4) Psocus hualalai, sp. nov.

Allied to P. haleakalae, but readily distinguished by the less conspicuous wing-
markings. The apical portion at least of the pterostigma is black, and there is a spot
below adjoining it, and one on the transverse portion of the inner branch of the
cubitus, as in that species. The median fascia is usually represented by two or three
disconnected spots, which, however, are sometimes sufficiently developed to form a
transverse band, but this is always more or less interrupted. The head above the
antennae is for the most part dark. The antennae of the Z have a pubescence similar
to that of P. haleakalae, and the eyes are widely separated, the width of one of these
being only about equal to the distance between its inner margin and the nearest ocellus.
In the % the eyes are still smaller.

Expanse circa 9 mm.

Hab. Mauna, Hualalai (about 8000 ft.).

(5) PsocHS konae, sp. nov.

Allied to P. simttlator, but distinguished by the lack of the distinct median fascia
of the anterior wings, which is represented by two or three detached spots. The small
spot on the cubitus between the base of the wing and the median fascia is also wanting.
In the wing-markings this species exactly resembles some examples of P. hualalai, but
from that species the large eyes of the t, which are similar in size to those of P.
simulator, will easily separate it.

I have not seen the % of this species.

Expanse 10 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (4000 ft).

(6) Psocus kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Of smaller average size than any of the preceding species, and varying greatly in
the wing-markings. Sometimes the anterior pair have an entire submedian transverse
dark fascia, as in P. haleakalae, &c., sometimes this is broken up into two or three
separate spots, as in P. hualalai, &c., or the wings may be without any markings,
except the dark pterostigma. The most usual form is that which resembles typical P.
hualalai in markings. The transverse portion of the inner branch of the cubitus is
dark on the part towards the costal margin, pale towards the other extremity, but it is
not traversed by a distinct black spot as in all the preceding species, and at the most
shows a hardly perceptible infuscation along its margins.

F. H. II. II

8o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The Z is readily distinguished by the antennae, the pubescence of the third joint
being less long and conspicuous ; nor does it stand out suberect from the surface, but
on both upper and lower surfaces is strongly inclined in the direction of the apex. The
eyes are large and in a front view of the head the width of one of them is much greater
than the distance from its inner margin to the nearest ocellus.

Expanse to 9 mm., generally less.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). Examples from Haleakala (5000 ft.)
appear identical with those from Kauai, but of slightly greater average size.

(7) Psocus molokaiensis, sp. nov.

A small species, the dark markings of the anterior wings as follows : the apex
of the pterostigma, and a spot adjoining it, the costal margin to the pterostigma
(generally), more or less infuscation along the cubitus, a spot close to the base of
its inner branch, and another on the transversely-directed portion of the same, a band
or line along the dorsal margin from the base to the middle of the wing. These
markings vary, but are sufficient to distinguish the species, from the fact that their
general tendency is longitudinal and not transverse as in the other species. In the $
the eyes are moderately large, but the space between them is rather wide, being
about equal to the width of the two taken together. The pubescence of the antennae
is short and inconspicuous and not erect. Thorax in both sexes with the surface dull.

Expanse to about 8 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Molokai (3000 ft.). On Cyathodes.

(8) Psocus distinguendus, sp. nov.

Wing-markings and general appearance as in P. haleakalae. The transverse
fascia is narrow, and sometimes interrupted, and, as in the other species, the markings
are generally rather more developed in the % than in the ^.

P. disiinguendus may be known from any of the preceding species by the polished
surface of the mesothorax, at least in front both of the median and lateral lobes.

The hairs on the third joint of the antennae of the ^ are shorter than those of
P. haleakalae. Its eyes are very large, the space (where least) between their inner
margins being hardly wider than the width of one of these organs. In the $ the eyes
are comparatively small, and widely separated.

Expanse min. 8, max. 1 1 mm.

Hab. Molokai (3000 ft.) ; Lanai, Maui, Hawaii.

NEUROPTERA 8i

(9) Psocus oahuensis, sp. nov.

I have not seen the Z of this species ; the female is very Hke that of P. dis-
tinguendus, to which it is closely allied. The mesothorax is highly polished, the
abdomen has bright yellow transverse stripes above. It may be distinguished by the
evidently wider and more distinct submedian dark fascia of the anterior wings ; the
absence of the black spot on the cubitus at about the middle of its length, and that on
the transverse portion of the inner branch of the same nervure is almost obsolete.

Expanse 10 mm.

Hab. Waianae Mountains, Oahu.

(10) Psocus lanaiensis, sp. nov.

Somewhat similar in general appearance to the other Hawaiian species. The
anterior wings have a more or less evident transverse median band, the pterostigma
contains a large dark spot, and there is another adjoining this, without it. The radius
is pallid, a character which readily distinguishes the species from any of the preceding.
The cubitus is also often pale (yellow), but sometimes infuscate. Elsewhere also the
nervuration is widely interrupted by pale spaces, but the terminal furcations of the
nervures are always dark.

The face in the ^ in front of the ocelli bears a yellow mark enclosing a dark spot :
around the ocelli it is dark ; in the $ the face is pale with dark markings ; antennae
very long, and towards the base in the ^ clothed with rather long hairs ; the eyes
exceedingly large, the width of one of them even greater than the distance (where
least) between their inner margins ; in the ? the eyes are small and distant.

Mesothorax dark with yellow margins, and sometimes a median yellow stripe.
Abdomen more or less pale above.

Expanse 8 — 8-5 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Lanai.

(11) Psocus sylvestris, sp. nov.

Very closely allied to the preceding, but the ? has the mesothorax pale. The $
appears to vary somewhat in this respect ; it may be distinguished, however, by the
less conspicuous pubescence of the third joint of the antennae, and the hairs on the
lower side of this joint are less erect.

Expanse as in the preceding species.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (4000 ft.).

II — 2

82 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(12) Psoctis heterogairdas, sp. nov.

General appearance very like that of the two preceding species. Thorax almost
entirely pale. Nervuration almost entirely of a pale yellow colour, the apical furcations
of the nervures being all pale. There is an evident, but not deep, infuscation along
the apical margin of the anterior wings, which extends also on to the dorsal margin and
thence inwardly to the pterostigma, thereby enclosing a clearer space. The eyes of
the t are evidently smaller, and more widely separated, than those of the preceding
species. The pubescence of the antennae is subdecumbent and inconspicuous. The ?
is micropterous, and robust in life, but distorts so in drying that its characters cannot
be satisfactorily determined from pinned specimens.

Expanse 8 — 8"5 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Oahu.

(13) Psoctis vtonticola, sp. nov.

Closely allied to P. heterogamias. The apical margin of the anterior wings has an
infuscate band as in that species, but it is rather more definite, narrower, and less
diffuse. Of the furcations of the inner branches of the radius and cubitus, which
terminate in the apical margin of the wing, those of the latter are all dark ; of those
of the radius the outer is yellow at the extreme base, the inner for fully half its length,
the apical half dark. The eyes in the $ are not very large, the width of both together
being subequal to the distance between their inner margins. The pubescence of the
antennae is inconspicuous and subdecumbent. In the $ the eyes are smaller and more
remote, and the pubescence of the antennae extremely short and inconspicuous.

Expanse 8*5 — 9 mm,

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

(14) Psociis vittipennis, sp. nov.

Extremely like the preceding in general appearance. The single ^ that I have
seen has the radius in the anterior wings dark, but it is pale in the females, as in
all the allied species, and probably would often be so in the ^. Superficially the
present species may be distinguished as follows : the apical margin of the wing has
a darker border, which is very distinct and definite, and the inner apical branch of the
radius is pale for a shorter distance, the yellow part not extending so far as the apical

NEUROPTERA 83

furcation of the inner branch of the cubitus. The mesothorax in both sexes is more or
less smooth and shining. The third joint of the antennae in the t is conspicuously
clothed with long hairs, which stand out strongly from the surface of the joint. The
eyes are of about the size of those of the preceding.

Expanse 9 — 10 mm.

Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.).

STENOP.SOCU.S Hag.
( I ) Stenopsocus pulchripennis, sp. nov.

Head black, the face shining, behind the post-clypeus with indefinite brown
markings. Antennae black, with very long and slender joints, the third with the
apex dark, the rest pale, the pubescence is short in general, but at intervals there
are placed rather long single hairs.

Anterior wings hyaline, with three transverse dark fasciae, the basal one broad,
extending from near the radius to the dorsal margin, the middle one very narrow
along the inner branch of the cubitus. The ajaical fascia extends transversely from the
costa, at the apex of the pterostigma, to the inner branch of the cubitus, when it
becomes deflected along that nervure and its terminal furcations, forming an irregular
dark apical mark, containing two clear spaces. All the nervuration pale as far as the
basal fascia from the base of the wing, beyond this, dark. Discoidal area quadrangular.
Pterostigma at the apex obliquely truncate, its inner angle connected by a pale nervule
to the point of furcation of the inner branch of the radius. Area postica very small,
triangular, appendiculated at its vertex, the area adjoining it on the apical side very
large, longer than high, as large or larger than the other two areas formed by the
apical furcations of the inner branch of the cubitus, taken together. Posterior wings
clear, nervuration dark.

Length of anterior wing 2 '5 mm.

Hab. IVIount Hualalai, Hawaii (8000 ft.). This is certainly no true Stenopsocus,
but as 1 have seen only one much mutilated example, I have only been able to examine
it very imperfectly. The wings show no trace of a marginal fringe, nor of hairs on the
nervuration, but it is possible that this may be due to abrasion.

Elipsocus Hag.

(i) Elipsocus montanus, sp. nov.

Body black or dark brown, the front of the head, the margins of the thorax,
and generally some lines on the abdomen more or less pale.

84 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Post-clypeus and the front of the head along the inner margins of the eyes,
somewhat shining. Eyes in the Z widely separated, the space between them greater
than their combined width. Antennae with short pubescence. Wings subhyaline,
anterior pair usually evidently clouded, but not deeply. Their markings are very
faint and consist of five fuscous spots along, but not touching, the apical margin, and
two others placed in a line with the second of the series, at equal distances apart
towards the base of the wing. There is often also a spot adjoining the pterostigma,
one on the cubitus about the middle, and another in the angle at the meeting of the
anal and dorsal nervures, the latter sometimes forming, with infuscations placed inwardly
to it, a very faint transverse band. The pterostigma varies in colour from being
entirely pale to a dark brown colour, its apical margin is long. There is a distinct
but narrow space between the inner branch of the cubitus and the vertex of the
area postica. The nervuration is nearly entirely dark in both pairs of wings.

Expanse circa 9 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.).

(2) Elipsocus inconstans, sp. nov.

This species varies greatly in size and in the wing-markings. In strongly marked
examples nearly one-half of the anterior wings is fuscous from the base ; there is then
a transverse hyaline or subhyaline fascia, and the apical portion of the wing is strongly
variegate with fuscous, enclosing hyaline spots. In other examples the wings are but
little infuscate on the basal portion, and the other markings may be disconnected and
form only detached spots, in which case the species bears a considerable resemblance
to E. montanus, but the markings are never so faint as in that species, and the area
postica is always, at least partly, infuscate. It may further be at once distinguished
from the preceding species by the entirely dull surface of the post-clypeus, and of the
front of the head, which is more depressed transversely.

The area postica is sometimes free, with a distinct space between it and the inner
branch of the cubitus, but sometimes its vertex touches (or is connected by an
excessively short transverse nervule with) that branch. In the latter case a closed
discoidal area is formed and the examples have no longer the nervuration of the genus.
This variation is exhibited by examples of the most different superficial appearance,
as well as in those of similar general aspect, and the nervuration on the two sides of the
same insect may be markedly different, so that it is evidently in a very unstable
condition. Examples from the most widely separated islands of the group show
analogous variation.

NEUROPTERA 85

In any case the more highly variegated wings easily distinguish the species from
any other of the genus found in the Islands.

Expanse 6'5 — 8'5 mm.

Hab. Found throughout the group in mountain forests (2000 — 5000 ft.).

(3) Elipsocus psylloides, sp. nov.

Head pale, yellowish or testaceous ; thorax and abdomen also more or less pale.
Wings hyaline, nervuration on the basal part mostly pale, becoming dark towards the
apex. Space between the inner branches of radius and cubitus evidently, but faintly,
infuscate. Pterostigma pale. The extremities of the nervures in the dorsal and apical
margins are slightly infuscate, giving them the appearance of being slightly thickened
at their apices. The inner branches of the radius and cubitus do not directly meet
at the points where they are angulated near their base, but the angles are connected
by a very short transverse nervule. This character, however, appears to vary, as the
angles approach each other more nearly in some examples than in others. Antennae
with short pubescence in both sexes.

Expanse circa 8 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; Kona, Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.).

(4) Elipsoc2is criniger, sp. nov.

Very like the preceding, the nervuration pale, darker towards the apex in the
anterior wings, but the extremities of the nervures have not the appearance of being
thickened. There is a distinct (but somewhat faint) fuscous blotch within the
pterostigma, and another in the area postica, and the basal portion of the inner
branches of the cubitus and radius, to their point of contact, is infuscate. The species
may further be recognized by the longer hairs on the front of the head, as well as
those of the antennae, which are somewhat long and irregular.

Expanse 8 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (2000 ft.); one example.

(5) Elipsocus deb His, sp. nov.

Allied to E. psylloides, but smaller, the wings less clear, with a slight yellowish
tinge. Head, thorax and abdomen for the most part pale. As in that species the
terminations of nervures are slightly infuscate, and have an appearance of being
thickened at the margins of the wings. Near the base there is a somewhat extensive,

86 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

but vague, infuscation, and the clouding of the apical part of the wings is more
extensive, not being confined to the area between the inner branches of the cubitus
and radius, although that part is generally slightly more deeply clouded than the rest.
The apex of the pterostigma is more obtuse, and the inner branches of the radius
and cubitus are directly in contact at the point where they are angulated.

Expanse 6 mm.

Hab. Waianae Mountains, Oahu (above 2000 ft.).

(6) Elipsocus erythrostictus, sp. nov.

Allied to the preceding, the apical extremities of the nervures with a similar
appearance. Anterior wings with a yellowish tinge, the nervuration pale at the base,
dark towards the apex. This species is readily distinguished by the two crimson or
pink marks in the pterostigma, one of which is small, and situated at the basal
extremity, the other at the apical is paler and more diffuse.

Expanse 5 '2 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (2000 ft.).

(7) Elipsoais vinostis M^Lachl.

Elipsocus vinostis M^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 228.

The colour of the pterostigma which is given as the main character of this species
is probably not constant. The species appears to vary greatly in size and colour and
also in the shape of the pterostigma itself. Some examples have the wings entirely
infuscate.

Hab. Many and probably all of the Islands, in the forests.

(8) Elipsocus inaequi/uscus, sp. nov.

Allied to E. vinostis, but easily distinguished by the more variegate appearance
of the anterior wings. These are rather deeply infuscate for the most part but clearer
in places. The greater part of the area postica, and more or less of the wing adjoining
it, are always pale and subhyaline, and the region between this area and the nearest
branch of the inner division of the cubitus is always very perceptibly more deeply
infuscate than the wing in general. The nervuration is dark and very similar to that
of E. vinostis, but in that species the infuscation of the wings, whether deep or light,

NEUROPTERA 87

is much more uniform over the whole surface. The pterostigma is uniformly infuscate
like the wings, but not otherwise darkened.

Expanse 5 '5 — 6 mm.

Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.).

(9) Elipsocus ii/icrajjiaunis, sp. nov.

Face yellowish, the post-clypeus with dark lines, generally with a radiate arrange-
ment, front dark about the ocelli, and a number of very conspicuous dark spots, placed
closely together near the inner margins of the eyes, on each side. Thora.x and
abdomen dark. The anterior wings are strongly infuscate, the infuscation extending
from near the base to the apex, and occupying a large part of the middle of the wing
and about the apical branches of the inner division of the cubitus. The general appear-
ance of the wings is dark with paler areas. The latter are chiefly the region around
the pterostigma, some small spots on the apical margin, part of the area postica and the
region adjoining this on the basal side, and sometimes more or less of the wing at the
base. The nervure forming the apical side of the area postica is colourless to the
vertex, which touches and is confluent for some distance with the inner branch of the
cubitus. The pterostigma is abruptly truncate at the apex, its apical margin, and more
or less of the inner margin towards the apex conspicuously blackened, as also the spot
at its base. The inner branches of radius and cubitus at the point where they are
angulated do not meet, but the angles are rather distant, and connected by a transverse
nervule of a white colour.

Expanse 4"5 mm.

Hab. Kona, Hawaii (4000 ft.). This minute species is easily distinguished by
the form of the area postica, and the nervuration is not that of the genus Elipsocus at
all. Nevertheless I have not cared to separate it, because of the fact that other species
have a tendency towards a similar nervuration, e.g. E. inconstans (supra, q.v.).

(10) Elipsocus frigidus, sp. nov.

Size and general appearance of the preceding, from which it differs in the less
strongly blackened apical margin of the pterostigma, and the fact that the nervure
defining the vertex of the area postica, though contiguous to, does not become confluent
with the inner branch of the cubitus at that point. I have seen but two examples
which are in poor condition, and it is not improbable that a good series of examples
would show this to be a variation of the preceding species. (Cf variation of E.
inconstans)^

Hab. Hualalai, Hawaii (8000 ft.).
F. H. II. 12

88 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

TERMITIDAE.
Calotermes Hag.

(i) Calotermes castanetts Burm.

C. castanens Burm., M^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. 1883, p. 227.

Soldier with distinct eyes and variable in the length of the head beneath. Several
royal pairs often found in a small colony. The abdomen of the $ appears to undergo
little or no increase in size after the perfect state is attained.

Hab. All the Islands, in the mountain forests. Colonies often occupy the whole
of a large forest tree.

(2) Calotermes marginipennis Latr.

C. marginipennis Latr., M'^Lachlan, loc. cit.

Hab. Towns and settlements. Abundant and destructive to the wooden buildings
in Honolulu.

EMBHDAE.

Oligotoma Westw.

( I ) Oligotoma insularis M'^Lach.

Oligotoma insularis M"'Lachlan, Ann. N. H. (5) xii. jo. 227 ; Perkins, Ent. Mag.
1897, p. 56 (development and habits).

Hab. Most and probably all of the Islands. Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and
Hawaii, from sea-level to 3000 ft.

NEUROPTERA ' 89

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST (arranged chronologically).

1. Walker, F. Catalogue of the specimens of Neuropterous insects in the collection of the

British Museum. London, 1852.

' Myrmeleon perjunis, n. sp., p. 340 ; 71/. violentus^ n. sp., p. 348.

2. Hagen, H. Notizen beim Studium von Brauer's Novara-Neuropteren. Verh. Ges. Wien, xvii.

1867, PP' 31—62.
2 spp. — Anax sirenuus, n. sp., Oaliu, p. 34; A. severus and ocellatiis, synonyms oi A. Junius.

3. Selys-Longchamps, E. de. Synopsis des Agrionines. 5"" Legion. Bruxelles, 1877.

A.? xanthomclas, n. sp., p. 174.

4. M'^Lachlan, R. Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. Part L Pseudo-Neuropiera. Ann.

Nat. Hist. (5) XII. 1883, pp. 226 — 240.

17 spp., 9 of them new. Megalagrion, n. g.

5. . Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. Pait II. Planipennia. T. c. pp. 298 — 303.

6 spp., 4 of them new. Anoma/ochi'ysa, n. g.

6. Blackburn, T. Notes on Hawaiian Neuroptera, with descriptions of new species. Ann. Nat.

Hist. (5) XIV. 1884, pp. 412 — 421.

7 n. spp. and numerous notes on habits.

7. M'^Lachlan, R. Supplementary note on the Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. Ann. Nat.

Hist. (6) X. 1892, pp. 176 — 178.

Formicaleo ivilso?ii, n. sp.

8. Perkins, R. C. L. A collecting trip on Haleakala, Maui, Sandwich Is. Ent. Mag. xxxii.

(1896), p. 194.

Brief note on habits of Agrion.

9. . Notes on Oligotoma insularis ArLach. (Embiidae), and its immature conditions. Ent.

Mag. 1897, pp. 56—58.

10. . Notes on some Hawaiian Insects. P. Cambridge Soc. ix. 1897, pp. 373—380.

Note on habits of Agriott, pp. 373, 374- [Repeated here. Cf p. 63 ante.]

11. KiRBY, W. F. Description of a new genus of Odonata. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 11. 1898,

PP- 346—348.
Nesogonia, n. g. for Lepthemis blackburni M'^Lachl.

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty
Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by
Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the
University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 12s. 6d. each.

PART I.

The anatomy and development of Peripahis novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in tlie text.
Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER.

Witii 6 figures in the text.
On a little-known sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.
Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK.

With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK.

With Plates X.— XI.

PART II.

Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.
Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.
Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A.

With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.

With Plate XVIII.

11. On the SoHtary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc.

With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV. — XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

WlLLEY, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab.

With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. {In the Press.']

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham.

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera willeyaiia, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. Lister, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc., Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

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COLEOPTERA. I.

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The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S.

Earthworms.

Formicidae.

Hymenoptera Parasitica.

Hemiptera.

Thysanura and Collembola.

Macrohpidoptera .

[Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
[ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

Myriapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms.

Arachnida.

Mollusca.

Microlepidoptera.

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of

THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME II. PART III.

COLEOPTERA. I.
By D. SHARP and R. C. L. PERKINS.

Pages 91—270; Plates VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, uncoloiired.

Feb. ^ih, 1900.

CAMBRIDGE :

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1900

aonOon: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE.
©laBgoiB: 263, ARGYLE STREET.

iftl

JLEifljig: F. A. BROCKHAUS.

j^eto Horft: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Sombaa: E. SEYMOUR HALE.

COLEOPTERA PHYTOPHAGA

By D. sharp.

COLEOPTERA RHYNCHOPHORA, PROTE-

RHINIDAE,

COLEOPTERA HETEROMERA, CIOIDAE

By R. C. L. PERKINS.

o^s

■•»o.

COLEOPTERA\

I. COLEOPTERA PHYTOPHAGA.
By D. Sharp.

Contents. § i, General remarks ; § 2, Systematic account; § 3, Bibliographic list.

§ 1. General Remarks.

The remarkably successful zoological work of Mr Perkins has thrown fresh
light on many points connected with the entomology of the Hawaiian Islands.
It would be out of place to discuss most of these points at present, but there is one
to which I may here allude. It was formerly supposed that very few specimens of any
of the precinctive^ species could be obtained. As the geographical area of the islands
is very small, it of course followed as a corollary that the number of individuals existing
of a species was extremely small. Although there is still much truth in this idea, it has
nevertheless become clear that in many cases the limitation is far from being so great as
we supposed it to be, Mr Perkins having procured a large number of individuals of
numerous precinctive species. He has however succeeded in doing this in most cases
only by tracing the exact conditions under which they exist. It thus remains true that,
compared with the great majority of Insects in other parts of the world, the individuals

^ Owing to the great extent of the Hawaiian Coleoptera this Order will be dealt with in divisions.
Editor.

- I use the word precinctive in preference to endemic or peculiar — both of which are in common use

in the sense of "confined to the area under discussion." The word endemic has been objected to on the
grounds that its derivation does not indicate geographical restriction, and that it is actually used in medicine
to signify constant, but not necessarily exclusive, presence in a locality. The word peculiar has no special
connection with geography and when used by itself is often inadequate to convey the meaning intended ; so
that when one speaks of " peculiar " forms it is necessary to add some expression to make it clear that
geographical peculiarity is meant. Hence we require another word that can be used when there is no context
(as in tables), or when the context does not make it clear that geographical restriction is the point in view.
Precinctive appears to me suitable for this purpose and I see no objection to the use of the word restricted.
" Precinctive forms " means therefore forms that are confined to the area specified.

F. H. II. 12

92 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

of a species actually existing are very few ; the species having not only a very small
geographical distribution, but also being found in but few stations in the area.

The fact that species are sometimes found in considerable numbers at some of
these stations renders it doubtful whether there is diminished fertility of the individuals,
as I formerly supposed. At present there is but little evidence on this point.

Whether the Insects are unusually specialised in their modes of life is also doubtful.
Most of them are either forest species, or are of alpine or subalpine habits.

Many forest Insects in other parts of the world are notorious as being but rarely
met with. In the New Forest, in the south of England, this is certainly the case, and
it is probably due to the fact that trees are only attacked when they are in certain
stages of decay, or offer some special kind of shelter, or are accompanied by some
particular kinds of fungoid growths.

Variation. In the case of two or three of the species dealt with in this paper
I have had at my disposal some hundreds of specimens for examination. It therefore
seems necessary that I should make some remarks on their variation, though on
considering this I find that the data are very inadequate for a complete discussion.
Nevertheless it will be well to present certain facts with regard to the genus Plagithmy-
sus which appears to be one of the most suitable genera for the study of variation in
Hawaiian Insects.

Twenty-nine species of this genus are now known. But about nineteen of these
have each been found only in a single station, and of the remaining ten several are so
rare that no opinion can be pronounced as to their variation. We have little or no
information as to the distribution of the species beyond the fact that no species has yet
been found on more than one island. It would scarcely be possible to find species more
closely allied than are some of these Plagithniysus and yet, so far as the specimens yet
procured entitle us to judge, though found in the same locality and at the same season
they appear to be really distinct. P. varians, P. darwinianus and P. lamarckianus are
examples of this, all of them having been procured at Kilauea in August ; they are as
closely allied as any three species can be.

Varieties of the same species may be found together, and copulate indiscriminately.
The variation is not indiscriminate. It appears probable that each species has its own
set of variations and in some cases closely allied species could be defined by their
variation. As an example I may refer to the colour of the hind legs. In Z'. aeqiialis
these are either black or red, there are no intermediates although the two kinds copulate
indiscriminately. The species is as regards this character dimorphic. In the three
closely allied species — P. varians, P. darwinianus, P. lamarckianus — the facts are
different. Here also there is variation in the redness or blackness of the legs, but the
varieties of one species are not completely discontinuous. Moreover the species
differ from one another in their variation in this respect. P. va^dans is very variable as
regards the character in question. A highly remarkable variety of it has each leg half

COLEOPTERA

red, half black. This variety is very common in this species but does not occur at all
in either of the two allies though each of them is variable to a greater {P. lamarckianus)
or less {^P. darwitiianus) extent as to the redness and blackness of the legs. P. varians
is almost trimorphic as regards the colour of the legs, but the three forms are not
completely distinct, and one of them is very much rarer than the other two.

Of P. daj'2ui7tiamis I have not a large series before me, but Mr Perkins examined
a large number of specimens of this species captured by Mr A. Koebele and tells me
that the legs are always red or nearly so in it'.

Thus as regards the character here considered we find that P. aequalis is
dimorphic, that P. varians is imperfectly trimorphic, and that P. darwinianus is only
slightly variable.

Very little information is available as to local variation. We have not received
any one species of Plagithmysus from more than one locality in any considerable
number ; the specimens we have received lead me however to anticipate that consider-
able local difference in the variation exists. As an example I may mention that the
five specimens of P. aequalis — a species confined to the island of Kauai — found at
Waimea in April cannot be quite matched by any specimens of the large series found at
Makaweli in January and February. Whether greater information as to local variation
would lead to the union of some of the species at present treated as distinct, is a point
on which I am not at all positive.

I may however point out that the three closely allied species I have already
mentioned as being found in one locality have there each a different food-tree. In
other words they are segregated by food though not by locality.

The two closely allied species, P. blackburni and P. dai'wiitiamis, exhibit the
converse of this. Though both are found in the island of Hawaii and have the same
food-tree they have not yet been found in the same locality. Each of these species has
however as yet only been once or twice met with. It would be very interesting
to know whether they ever occur together, and if so whether they still remain
distinct.

In connection with this I must not omit to call attention to the peculiar case of
P. vitticollis with its var. longulus, and of P. bishopi with its V2S . gracilis. In the case
of these species the variety and typical form inhabit either different localities or different
trees. We know however but little about these two species, and it is possible that
these "varieties" may be incipient species, or even closely allied, but actually distinct
forms. At present it holds good that all the forms I have treated as distinct species
are segregated either geographically or by food : and this also applies to the two
varieties just mentioned.

' A small series only of P. lamarckianus having been procured I do not mention its variation here, but
may refer the reader to p. no. It appears to be different from either of the other species as regards
the character under discussion.

13—2

94 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Distribution. Turning our attention to distribution, we note that the Coleoptera
Phytophaga of the world consist of three great famihes : Chrysomehdae, Bruchidae, and
Cerambycidae.

(i) Chrysomehdae. There are about 18,000 species of Chrysomehdae known,
they are found nearly everywhere except in the Hawaiian Islands, where there is only a
single species ; and even this has apparently been introduced quite recently. Chry-
somehdae live on foliage, and the Hawaiian Islands are doubtless well adapted to sustain
them, so that the absence of this great family has an important significance.

(2) Bruchidae. A family of about 700 species, of very little importance in this
connection. The species live in seeds and are carried about by commerce. A few
specimens have been found at Honolulu.

(3) Cerambycidae. One of the important families of Coleoptera, consisting of
upwards of 12,000 species. Fifty-four have been discovered in the Hawaiian
Archipelago, of which number forty-five are precinctive, while nine have been found
elsewhere. These nine species belong to as many different genera ; the individuals do
not differ in the islands to any appreciable extent from those found elsewhere. Owing
to their comparative lack of interest they have however been but little collected. There
is nothing in their distribution that throws any light on the origin of the Hawaiian
fauna. The forty-five precinctive species of Cerambycidae belong to two very distinct
categories. First there are single species of two genera of Prionini. Each of the
genera to which they belong has a wide distribution ; the Hawaiian forms are not
closely allied to any of the external forms ; they are in fact rather more distinct than is
usual in their genera, so that there is no indication of special affinity with species of any
other locality. The forty-three precinctive species of Cerambycini are totally
different from the two Prionini we have discussed : they belong to three genera, very
closely allied inter se, and form a special group or tribe — Plagithmysides — peculiar
to the islands, distinguished by the wings having no transverse fold. They seem to be
nearest allied to the genera Neoclytus and Euryscelis, which are found in North and
Central America and the Greater Antilles. They are in appearance the most remarkable
of the Hawaiian Coleoptera and must be considered as a very highly specialised
group of Cerambycidae. They are remarkable in their habits'.

Thus there is a very great distinction between these Plagithmysides and the
non-precinctive Cerambycidae found in the islands ; but the two endemic Prionini
occupy as it were an intermediate place in their characters. These latter may be
compared with the Corvus hawaiiensis amongst the birds, while the Plagithmysides
appear to be analogous with the Drepanidae.

' See on this point Perkins, Ent. Mag. xxxii. p. 190, and P. Cambridge Phil. See. ix. p. 373.

COLEOPTERA 95

§ 2. Systematic account of the Coleoptera Phytophaga.

Fam. CHRYSOMELIDAE.

Epitrix Foudr.

(i) Epitrix parvula Fabr.
Crioceris parvula Fabr., Syst. El. i. p. 468.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mts. ; Molokai. On "poha" or "cape gooseberry" — a
plant which has no precinctive insect attached to it.

Mr Jacoby has examined some of our specimens of this insect, and informs me
that they are not to be distinguished from E. parvula, a species widely distributed
in Central America and the Antilles. The species was not found by Mr Blackburn
and has probably been recently introduced.

Fam. BRUCHIDAE.

Bruchus L.

Bruchus, sp.

Species of this family are doubtless occasionally carried to islands with peas and
beans, or other seeds. Mr Perkins has brought back two or three specimens found
at Honolulu.

Fam. CERAMBYCIDAE.

Subfam. PRIONINI.

Parandra Latr.
(i) Parandra puncticeps Sharp.

Parandra puncticeps Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 202.

Rare, of nocturnal habits, chiefly found in the month of September, in several
islands.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft. May, July, September, and October, Perkins. — Oahu, in
'' Acacia falcata" in the mountains, Blackburn. — Molokai, September 1893, Perkins.
— Hawaii ; Kona, July and September, Perkins.

96 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

This species exhibits a great deal of variation in the form and proportions of the
prothorax, epistome, mandibles, etc. and there may possibly be more than one form in
the islands. The material before me is not sufficient to decide as to this, owing to the
development of the individual being subject to much variation ; but the varieties appear
to be to some extent located in different islands.

Aegosoma Serv.
(i) Aegosoma reflextim Karsch.
Aegosoma refiexum Karsch, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr. xxv. 1881, p. 7, PL I. fig. 11.

Hab. Kauai, in July, Perkins. — Maui ; Grove Ranche, Karsch ; Haleakala,
Perkins. — Hawaii ; Kona and Kilauea, Perkins.

This species is common in the larval state, in wet or dry, decayed wood, and is
also found in trees that are not entirely dead. The imago is rare, being nocturnal,
and only occasionally attracted by light.

Subfam. CERAMBYCINI.
Group OEMIDES.

Xystrocera Serv.
(i) Xystrocera globosa Olivier.
Cerambix globosus Oliv., Ent. iv. 67, p. 27, p. xii, fig. 81.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu (Perkins). No doubt recently introduced. The species
is widely distributed outside the islands, and its occurrence in Honolulu has no special
interest.

Group HESPEROPHANIDES.
AsTRiMus Sharp.

(i) Asirimus hirtus Fairm.

Stromatium hirtum Fairm., Rev. Zool. i860, p. 50.

(n. syn.) Astrimus obsciirtis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1878, p. 204.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu, Blackburn. ■

This was no doubt introduced, and it is doubtful whether it has become naturalized
or has died out. It was not met with by Mr Perkins. The species is widely dis-
tributed, having been found in Siam, Fiji, and the Philippine Islands as well as in
Tahiti. Mr Gahan considers Gelonaetha Thorns, to be the same genus as Astrhmis
Sharp. I was formerly of the opinion that Stromatium hirtum was a different species,
but I now accept Mr Gahan's identification of the two.

COLEOPTERA 97

Group CALLIDIOPSIDES.

Ceresium Newman.

(i) Ceresium simplex Gyll.

Stenocoriis simplex Gyll. in Schonherr Syn. Ins. App. i, 3, p. 178.
Ceresium simplex Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 203.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu, Blackburn, Perkins; Waialua, Perkins. — Molokai,
Perkins. — Maui ; Wailuku, Perkins.

The species is widely distributed in the Pacific islands, but the record of it as
occurring in New Zealand [Callidium zelandicum Blanchard, Voyage Pole sud,
IV. p. 272, PL XVII. fig. 4) was probably erroneous; Blanchard's figure does not
appear to represent this species. It probably occurs on all the islands where the
introduced Acacia — Prosopis, sp. } — is found. It comes freely to light and has been
noticed by Mr Perkins on all the islands except Lanai, though I have mentioned above
only localities that have been specially noted.

CuRTOMERUS Steph.
( I ) Curtomerus pilicornis Fab.

Callidium pilicorne Fab., Ent. Syst. i. 2, p. 327.
Curtomerus hiteus Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. iv. p. 249.
Sotenus setiger Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 205.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu, Blackburn, Perkins. — Also seen on Maui at Lahaina.
The species is no doubt liable to be carried about, having been found on one occasion
in England. Other localities are South America, the W. India islands, and Florida.

Group CLYTIDES.

Clytus Laich.
(i) Clytus cidnicornis Chevr.

Clytus crinicornis Chevr., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, i860, p. 460.

Hab. Oahu; Blackburn, Perkins. — Kauai; Perkins*.— Molokai, Perkins. — Abun-
dant all over the islands, on the introduced Acacia, Prosopis, sp. This is a Central
American species.

98 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Group PLAGITHMYSIDES.

The difficulty of distinguishing the three genera of Plagithmysides has considerably
increased in consequence of the discovery of additional forms. The characters
distinguishing Clytarlus from Plagithmysiis are, that in the former genus the hind
legs are clubbed and possess a long slender basal stalk. A sexual difference in the
form of the legs is constant in Clytarlus inasmuch as the femora of the female are less
clubbed than they are in the male (Plate VI. figg. 2 and 3). On the other hand
in the large majority of the species of Plagithniysus there is very little difference in
the legs of the two sexes, and the femora are never abruptly clubbed, and with a
long thin basal stalk. The females of Plagithniysus funebris, arachnipes and cristatus
possess however much more slender legs than their males, and therefore considerably
approach Clytarhis. The female of Clytarlus pennatus, has the legs but little clubbed,
and therefore there is but little difference between it and the females of the three
species of Plagithmysiis mentioned.

The male of Plagithniysus adstatus approximates in the form of the legs to
Callithmysus. Thus this species is as it were the central point of the group, its male
approaching Callithmysus, while its female comes near to Clytarlus.

It is also desirable to mention, in connection with the extraordinary reduction in
size of the abdomen in this group, that this character is subject in the females of the
same species to great variation. This is probably in connection with the growth of
the ovaries. Some of the females have the abdomen very small, while in others,
of the same sex and species, it is of the size normal in Coleoptera.

Mr Perkins has observed that the extraordinarily complex stridulating organs of
these insects are brought into play during breeding, and that very frequent coupling
occurs, and this to an extent that is almost unknown otherwise in insects ; the
Plagithmysides are extremely active and are apparently both polyandrous and poly-
gamous. He has also suggested that the size of the abdomen influences the stridulating.
So that all the observations that have been made tend to show that the unequalled
complexity of the stridulating organs is correlative with the unusual system of copula-
tion and probably plays an important part in it.

Clytarlus Sharp.

Clytarlus Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. Oct. 1896, p. 238.
Clytarlus (pars) Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 102.

All the species of Clytarlus, except C. abnormis, are attached to one of the two
Acacias, Sophora chrysophylla and Acacia koa. They are rare and difficult to obtain.
The material before me is not adequate for the satisfactory elucidation of these very
difficult insects.

COLEOPTERA 99

(i) Clytarlus filipes Sharp.

Clytarlus filipes Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. (2) iii. 1885, p. 196.

This species has the punctuation of the upper surface denser and finer than in the
allies. It. is readily distinguished, so far as the male is concerned by the peculiar struc-
ture of the dorsal plate of the genital segment, which is unusually large and very deeply
notched, so that the two angles project as a sort of forceps at the tip of the body.
(Plate VI. fig. I a)

Hab. Hawaii ; Mauna Loa, " on Acacia sp." Blackburn : Kona and Kilauea in
August and September ; Kau, the half-way house, Sepr. Perkins. Apparently rare, we
having received only 1 5 examples. Attached to Sophora chrysophylla.

(2) Clytarlus mediocris, sp. no v.

Minor, fusco-niger, depressus, opacus, albido-vestitus, elytris plus minusve conspicue
transversim fasciatis, antennis pedibusque fusco-testaceis, femoribus basibus pallidis.
Long. 4-^ — 6^millim.

(Plate VI. figs. I and i b.)

Closely allied to C. filipes, but with a shorter stalk to the hind femora, and with
the terminal dorsal plate of the male much less deeply excised.

Hab. Maui ; a series of 38 specimens was found on Haleakala, 3000 — 5000 ft.
May 1896. Attached to Sophora chrysophylla.

(3) Clytarlus fragilis Sharp.

Clytarlus fragilis Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. London 1881, p. 534; Tr. Dublin Soc. (2)
III. 1885, PL V. fig. 48.

Hab. Oahu ; Palolo Valley, November, Blackburn : Waianae mountains, Feb-
ruary 1896, and April 1892 ; beaten from dead branches of Koa, Perkins. Apparently
very rare, only four specimens having been obtained. On Acacia koa.

(4) Clytarlus dedilis, sp, nov.

Minor, subdepressus, testaceo-brunneus, in elytris subfasciatus, dense punctatus,
pedibus ex parte majore testaceis, femoribus posterioribus clava abrupta. Long. ?
9 millim.

Closely allied to C fragilis, but with the club of the hind femora rather longer,
F. H. II. 14

lOO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

and the punctuation of the elytra denser ; the punctuation on the brown band behind
the scutellum denser and finer. The antennae are rather long, yellow, but little thicker
at the tip. The pronotum is transversely evenly convex without median or lateral
crests, there being a single ante-median, and two smaller post-median transverse eleva-
tions. The punctuation on the apical parts of the elytra is obsolete ; the colour of the
hairs forming the obscure elytral fasciae is yellow rather than white ; the pubescence on
the femora is long, and that on the under surface of the body is long and scanty. The
stalk of the hind femur is very pallid and long, the club is abrupt, brown. Only five
abdominal segments can be seen in the male, and the hind-margins of the dorsal and
ventral plates of the fifth are broad and nearly straight.
Only two specimens of the male sex have been found.

A third specimen, from Mauna Loa 17. vii, 92, is I have no doubt the female ; it is
much larger, and has much less abruptly clubbed femora.

Hab. Hawaii ; Mauna Loa (W.) Sepr. 1892, 4000 ft. ; Hualalai, 5, viii, 92, 5000 ft.
On Acacia koa.

(5) Clytarhis obscurus, sp. nov.

Minor, rufo-obscurus, vel fuscus, albido-pubescens, in elytris subfasciatus, antennis
pedibusque testaceis, femoribus clava fusca. Long. 4^ — 6-J millim.

Van Antennis pedibusque ex parte majore nigris.

This is an excessively variable species in the colour of the elytra, legs and antennae,
in the length of the white hairs, and in the fasciae of the elytra ; it also varies consider-
ably in the elongation of the legs ; the variation in size seems to be less than it is in
some other species. The thorax usually appears somewhat depressed longitudinally on
each side of the middle, so that the middle appears slightly crested, but the transverse
elevations on the middle are very small. The legs bear a very distinct, fine long
pubescence ; the hind femora have a long basal stalk yellow in colour, and a darker,
moderately long and abrupt club, which is much thicker and more abrupt in the male
than it is in the female. The genital segment of the male is simple. The punctuation
in this species is less dense and fine than in C. Jilipes and mediocris, and the simple
genital .segment of the male clearly distinguishes C. obscuncs from both those species.
The paler varieties closely resemble C. fragilis and C. dedilis, but may be separated
therefrom by the less abrupt club of the femora, and by the darker colour.

Hab. Kauai ; in several localities at a height of about 3000 feet, Perkins ; nearly
fifty specimens. On Acacia koa.

COLEOPTERA

(6) Clytarlus modestus Sharp.

101

Clytarlus tnodestus Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. 1879, p. 104.

Hab. Maui; Haleakala, 4 — 5000 ft. in April and May, "on Acacia falcata"
Blackburn ; Haleakala, 5000 ft. May, Perkins. On Acacia koa.

(7) Clytarlus claviger, sp. nov.

Secundum sexum diversus. Mas, rufus, albido-pubescens, elytris fere nudis, in
medio longitudinaliter breviter albido-signatis, femoribus abrupte clavatis, clava nigra.
Fern., fusca, albido-pubescens, antennis pedibusque testaceis, his gracilibus, clava fusca,
gracili. Long. % 7^ millim.

This is closely allied to C. modestus. The thorax is a little cristate along the
middle. The punctuation of the elytra is dense and fine, and leaves the surface a little
shining.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea, June 1895. O^i Acacia koa.

Although only two males and one female have been obtained, and the two indi-
viduals of the male sex are very different in appearance, yet I have little doubt that
they belong to one species, and are distinct from C. niodesttis. The male is readily
distinguished by the black femoral club, and the female by its larger size and darker
colour. The individual of the female sex is very different from the males.

(8) Clytarlus laticollis, sp. nov.

Rufo-testaceus, parum pubescens ; pedibus minus elongatis, femoribus clava rufa,
elongata ; thorace densisissime punctato, medio late obtuseque elevato ; elytris fortiter
punctatis, medio plagis obsoletis albido-pubescentibus. Long. 775 millim.

Only one specimen — a male — has been obtained. The species has the clubbed
legs of Clytarlus, but the slender stalk is less elongate than in the normal Clytarlus,
being in fact only as long as the club. Thorax broad and short, extremely densely
punctured, almost without pubescence, with a broad elevation — rather than a crest-
along the middle, and with five or six transverse elevations on this. Elytra much
narrowed behind, strongly punctured at the base, obsoletely at the tip, with very litde
pubescence but with a small divided mark of scanty white hairs on the middle.

Hab. Maui; Haleakala, 5000ft. May 1896, Perkins. On Acacia koa.

14—2

I02 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(9) Clytarlus abnorinis, sp. nov.

Rufus, pectore fusco ; pedibus minus elongatis ; thorace densisissime punctate,
supra inaequali, haud cristate ; elytris dense, subtiliter punctatis, singulo posterius ad
suturam linea pubescentiae albidescente. Long. 9*5 millim.

Only one specimen — a male — -has been received of this distinct species ; the legs
are formed much as in C. laticollis, but in several other respects the two species are
very distinct. The thorax is not like that of any other species ; it is very densely
punctured above, and has no transverse elevations or scabrosities along the middle, but
has an obtuse conical tubercle in front, and a broad obscure elevation behind ; the
surface is also more prominent on each side, so that the dorsum is very uneven. The
elytra are rather shining ; the line of pubescence along the suture of each extends from
the tip to a little in front of the middle, and there are a few additional pallid hairs on
the outside of each line where it ends. The club of the hind femora is elongate and
very gradual.

Hab. Hawaii; Olaa, September 1896. Probably attached to Metrosideros or
Straussia ; not to Acacia, as there are none growing in the locality of its occurrence.

(10) Clytarlus pennatus Sharp.

Clytarlus pennatus Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. London 1881, p. 532.

(Plate VL fig. 2 $, fig. 3 ?.)

The specimen originally described was a male. Both sexes vary much in size ;
the female is more slender, and the legs are much thinner and bear but little pubescence.
A fine series has now been obtained ; the variation is considerable as regards colour,
size (8 — 1 2^ millim.) and pubescence, but is nothing like so great as it is in several
species of Plagithmystis.

Hab. Maui ; Haleakala, Blackburn ; Haleakala, 5000 ft. February and May,
Perkins. On Acacia koa. Mr Blackburn originally met with this species "on the
same tree as Proterhinus lecontei." C. pennatus and P. lecontei, according to Mr
Perkins' observations, live on different species of trees, so that the earlier record was
probably based on a mere accidental occurrence.

(11) Clytarlus nodifer, sp. nov.

Fuscus, vel testaceus, dense albido-pubescens, elytris vel fasciis interruptis duabus,
vel maculis quatuor denudatis ; pedibus testaceis minus elongatis ; maris femoribus
abrupte clavatis, clava fusca dense albido-vestita ; feminae clava gracili fusca, parum
dense albido-setosa ; tibiis apice fusco. Long. 6 — 12 millim.

COLEOPTERA 103

Allied to C. pennatus, but with shorter legs, and more abrupt club to the posterior
femora. Thorax strongly cristate, with an abrupt anterior vertical elevation, and a well-
marked posterior elevation bearing two carinae. The colour of the elytra varies, it is
usually blackish, but is sometimes yellow along the outer margins ; the white pubescence
is more dense in the male than in the female ; the denuded spaces are densely and
finely punctured. The femoral club is very dark, in abrupt contrast to the pallid stalk,
and it is variegated with white pubescence which is much more extensive in the male
than it is in the female ; in the latter sex the club is only slender, and is not abrupt.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 3000 ft. March 1896. A small series of eleven specimens,
unfortunately much broken. Attached to Acacia koa.

( 1 2) Clytarlus longipes, sp. nov.

Gracilis, dense subtiliter punctatus, opacus ; mas rufus, elytris parce albido-vestitis,
ante medium fascia angulata denudata, pedibus testaceis, femoribus clava elongata rufa ;
femina supra fusca, thorace plus minusve evidenter rufo-vittato, elytris tenuiter albido-
vestitis, haud signatis ; pedibus fuscis, femoribus basi testacea. Long. 6 — 8^ millim.
(Plate VI. fig. 4 t.)

This 'species exhibits considerable difference between the sexes. The male to a
certain extent reminds one of Plagithniys2is both in form and colour, while the female is
extremely similar to certain females of C. obscuriis. The thorax is scarcely at all
cristate, but has a well-marked elevation in front, and two behind the middle, it is very
densely punctate, and has very little pubescence ; it is red in the male, black, obscurely
striped with red in the female. The elytra are finely, very densely punctured, quite
dull. In the male they are red, with an angular space covered with white pubescence
about the scutellum, and also with the apical half bearing a good deal of white pubes-
cence. In the female they are nearly black, red only at the basal margin, and there is
white pubescence scantily distributed all over them and not forming a pattern. The
legs are very different in the two sexes ; in the male the middle femora are shaped as
in Plagithmystis, but the hind legs are those of Clytarlus, with a rather long club : in
the female the middle and hind legs are long and slender, with long slender clubs to the
femora.

This species was found in sufficient numbers to make it probable that the sexual
distinctions are fairly constant. It appears to have been found in company with
C. obsciirus, and some of the females of the two are so similar that comparison of the
form and length of the legs is necessary to distinguish the most similar examples ; while
between the males of the two species there is but little resemblance.

Hab. Kauai ; thirty specimens. On Acacia koa.

I04 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(13) Clytarlits annectens, sp. nov.

Gracilis, rufus, dense punctatus, elytris in dimidio apicale guttis minutissimis
albidis ; pedibus basi antennisque flavis : femoribus posterioribus clava elongata,
suboblonga. Long. 7*5 millim.

Only one individual, a male, has been found of this species which might be placed
with as much propriety in Plagithmysus as in Clytarliis. The thorax is not crested
along the middle, but there is a slight anterior elevation, and numerous minute irregular
scabrous elevations behind it : the sculpture is excessively dense and fine and there is
almost no pubescence. The elytra are much narrowed behind, and are densely and
rather closely punctured : there are some excessively minute spots of white hairs on the
apical part near the suture, and also a few below the shoulder. There is a dense white
pubescence on the sides of the breast. The middle legs have a long club and a rather
short but slender stalk ; on the hind legs the stalk is longer and slender, so that I refer
the species to Clytarlus rather than to Plagithmysus.

Hab. Kauai, 1894. On Acacia koa.

Plagithmysus Motsch.

Stenopterus? Motschoulsky, Bull. Soc. Moscou, 1845, p. 85.

Plagithmystis, id. op. cit. Pt. II. 1845, p. 41 ; Sharp, C. R. Soc. ent. Belgique,
1885, p. Ixxiv ; id. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1896, p. 237.

CEnemona (erroneously), Motschoulsky, Etudes ent. 1852, p. 76.

Neoclyius (pars), Horn, Tr. Amer. ent. Soc. v. p. 150.

Clytarlus Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1878, pp. 206 and 208.

Clytarlus (pars), id. op. cit. 1879, p. 102.

Mr Perkins has obtained fine series of this genus, enabling me to feel pretty
certain that the species are fairly distinct, and can be readily recognised notwithstanding
their being in many cases very closely allied. No species has been found on two
islands. Apparently each species is confined to one kind of tree. Nine of the species are
attached to one or other of the precinctive Acacias. Closely allied species are attached
in certain cases to the same species of tree, but it would seem that they are in this case
geographically separated. P. blackburni and P. darwinianus are both attached to
Sophora chrysophylla, and both occur on the island of Hawaii, but they have not been
found in the same locality there. Closely allied species {^P. darwinianus, varians and
lainarckianus) live in the same locality but are attached to different trees.

COLEOPTERA

105

(i) Plagithmysus vitticollis Sharp.

Plagithmysus vitticollis Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxii. 1896, p. 240.

(Plate VI. fig. 5 ; ?.)

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, August 1895. On Akala {Rubus sp.) Perkins.

Var. longuhis Shp. 1. c.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa.

Mr Perkins has now procured a fair series of the variety longulus. None of the
individuals have any signs of being red on the elytra ; the thoracic vittae are less
definite, the lateral yellow patch being considerably less extensive and there are few or
no white hairs on the hind feet. One or two of the individuals are however intermediate
in these respects, so that it is probable that both var. longuhis and the typical form
belong to one species which has a slightly different variation in the two localities. As
the two forms of the species live on different trees, it would be possible to infer that we
have in this case a species in process of dividing into two.

(2) Plagithmysus pernmiidus, sp. nov.

Gracilis, niger, thorace nigerrimo, vittis albidis angustis perdiscretis ; elytris dense
punctatis, signaturis irregularibus albido-ochraceis ubique ornatis ; femoribus basi flava,
tibiis tarsisque rufo-obscuris, tarsis posterioribus, dense albido-hirsutis. Long. 1 2 millim.
(Plate VI. fig. 6.)

A very distinct species, remarkable on account of the very definite white stripes on
the jet-black thorax, and by the peculiar irregular but very definite pallid marks on the
elytra, which along the suture are more confluent than elsewhere so as to form a pair of
much broken irregular lines ; the white tarsi, in contrast with the dark tibiae, are also
remarkable. The antennse are thin and long. The hind and middle legs are very long,
but not very thick. The under surface is black, and very definitely marked with
patches of pale sulphureous scales ; the posterior aspect of the hind coxae has a very
definite white patch on it. The femora are sparingly clothed with very short white
hairs. The sexes apparently differ very little.

Hab. Kauai, 2000 ft. Feb. 1897: nine examples, Perkins. This feeds on the
same tree — Bobea sp. ? as P. vitticollis var. longulus, and Callithinysus liirtipes. The
tree is called "ahakea" by the natives.

(3) Plagithnysus newelli Sharp.

Plagithmysus newelli Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxii. 1896, p. 240.

(Plate VI. fig. 7.)

Hab. Maui ; Brother Matthias Newell, a single example.

io6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Plagithmysjis concolor Sharp.

Plagithmysus concolor Sharp, t. c. p. 241.
(Plate VI. fig. 8 ; ?.)

Hab. Kauai; on " Ohia-ha." = £2i£-eitm, sp. Perkins; Kaholuamano 4,000 ft.
G. C. Munro. This species varies but little. The series of 27 specimens sent by
Mr Munro differ but little in colour and markings, and range in length between
8f

!J — 18 millim.

(5) Plagithmys2is solitarins Sharp.

Plagithnysiis solitarius Sharp, t. c. p. 241.

Hab. Oahu, Nuanu Valley, 2000 ft., October 1892; Perkins. Unique.

(6) Plagithmysus cuneahis Sharp.

Plagithmysus cuneatus Sharp, t. c. p. 241.

(Plate VI. fig. 9 ; ?.)

Hab. Oahu, Kaala 1000 ft., March 1893; Perkins. Mr Perkins is unfortunately
not acquainted with the name of the tree on which this species was found.

(7) Plagithmysus finschi Har.

Clytarhis finschi Harold, Mitt. Munchen. ent. Ver. iv. 1880, p. 166; Karsch,

Berlin, ent. Zeitschr. xxv. 1881, p. 8, PI. I. fig. 13.
Plagithmysus finschi Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1896, p. 242.

Hab. Maui, Olinda, Dr Finsch ; 4000 ft., Blackburn ; Haleakala 4000 ft.. May ;
Perkins. On Acacia koa (Perkins). According to Blackburn on " A. falcata" but this
gentleman appears to have erroneously called A. koa, A. falcata.

(8) Plagithmysus fuuebi'is Sharp.

Plagithmystis ftmebris Sharp, 1. c. p. 273.

(Plate VI. fig. 10; t.)

Hab. Maui, Haleakala in May, and Sept. — Oct. Perkins. On Sophora
chrysophylla.

COLEOPTERA

107

(9) Plagithmysus pulverulenhis Motsch.

Stenopterus pidverulentus Motsch., Bull. Mosc. 1895, i. p. 85, PI. I. f. 12.
Plagithmysiis pulveridentus Motsch., Bull. Mosc. 1845, 11. p. 41, PI. VI. f. 7 ;

Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxii. 1896, p. 242.
Clytarlus rohistus Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. 1878, p. 206.

Hab. Oahu, both ranges ; on Acacia falcata. Blackburn (erroneously) ; Perkins,
on A. koa.

(lo) Plagithviysus diana, sp. nov.

Nigerrimus, dense regulariter griseo-ornatus : thorace subgloboso, griseo, nigro
trivittato : elytris griseis, areis denudatis nigris, ad suturam lineis latis discretis ante
medium leniter divergentibus pallide pubescentibus, ante lineas has plaga angulariter
nigro-pubescente. Long, i 3 millim.

(Plate VI. fig. II.)

An extremely distinct, beautifully, though soberly, ornamented species, with the
sides of the thorax more strongl)- rounded than they are in any other species of the
genus. There is a slight longitudinal carination of the middle of the thorax. The legs
are entirely black even at the base, the posterior are elongate, but less incrassate than
in most other species. The sexes appear to be very similar.

Hab. Kauai, 4000ft., July, 1896. Eight examples; on Pelea sp.

(11) Plagithmysus collaris, sp. nov.

Niger, elytris, antennis pedibusque rufo-obscuris, his femoribus extrorsum tibiisque
plus minus nigricantibus ; pube pallide sulphurea ornatus ; elytris densissime punctatis,
singulo linea pubescente pallida anterius versus latus divergente, ante lineas plaga
nigro-velutina, basi rugosa, parcissime sulphureo-pubescente. Long. 8^ — 16 millim.
Mas, prothorace ad latera densissime punctato. Fem., prothorace ad latera plus minus
late laevigato.

(Plate VI. fig. 13; Z.)

This is a very distinct species, somewhat similar to P. bishop i and P. vicinus.
There are no definite thoracic stripes, but the thorax is broadly cristate and scabrous
along the middle, and there are distinct lateral elevations ; it is a good deal constricted
at the base. The elytra are dark red, and remarkable on account of their dense
punctuation.

Hah. Maui; Haleakala. The larva of this species was found in October, 1S96,
feeding- in the wood of Pelea sp. ; by carrying this wood to Honolulu Mr Perkins
obtained a series of 20 specimens in the following December.

F. H. II. IS

io8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(12) Plagithmysiis bishopi Sharp.

Plagithmystis bishopi Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxii. 1896, p. 242.

(Plate VI. fig. 12.)

Hab. Hawaii; Kilauea, 4000 ft., August 1S95, and 1896. On Pelea sp.
(Perkins).

Plagithmysus bishopi var. gracilis, Sharp, /. c. The unique individual of this variety
was found on another tree resembling " pua " but with lighter, smoother bark.

(13) Plagithmysus vicinus Sharp.

Plagithmysus vicinus Sharp, t. c. p. 243.

Hab. Hawaii; Mauna Loa, 3000ft., October 1892; Perkins.

Undoubtedly a distinct species. On Pelea sp., but not the same species as that to
which P. bishopi is attached.

(14) Plagithmysiis bilineatus Sharp.

Plagithmysus bilineatus Sharp, /. c. p. 243.

(Plate VI. fig. 14; ?.)

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea, also in the Kona and Puna districts. On the " Ohia
lehua " tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, Perkins.

Besides being found in more than one locality this species was obtained in plenty.
The variation in size (from 9 — 20 millim. long) is considerable, but in respect of colour
it is less than in some other species. Some specimens are considerably blacker than
others ; but the blackness shews itself chiefly on the elytra. The hind legs are
sometimes much more broadly tinted with black towards the tips than they are in
others, and this is in nearly all cases correlative with a greater extension of the black
colour on the wing-cases. The head and thorax remain rfed in the whole of the series
before me.

(15) Plagithmysus lanaiensis Sharp.

Plagithmysus lanaiensis Sharp, /. c. p. 244.

Hab. Lanai ; Halepaakai, 3000 ft, July 1894, Perkins. Probably (but only
inferentially) attached to Metrosideros polymorpha, this being the predominant tree
in the locality of capture.

COLEOPTERA

109

(16) Plagiihniysus pcTkinsi Sharp.

Plagithinysits perkinsi Sharp, t. c. p. 244.
(Plate VI. fig. 15 ; %.)

Hab. Hawaii; Mauna Loa, in two localities, June and July. On Myopontm,
or bastard sandal tree.

(17) Plagitlunysus v avians Sharp.

Plagithmysus varians Sharp, /. c. p. 245 (excl. var. y).

Hab. Hawaii ; Mauna Loa, Kilauea ; Perkins. On Acacia koa.

This has been found in greater plenty than any other species and I have been
able to examine about 200 individuals. The variation in the colour of the legs is of
considerable interest. The extreme base of the femora being always yellow, the other
parts vary. It may be said that the normal colour of the rest of the femur is black,
but there are many specimens in which the apical third is bright red : all the inter-
mediates between this state and the black form occur. The black and the red colours
are not sharply delimited in these cases. There are two or three specimens in
which the black colour is nearly entirely absent. And there is another, apparently very
rare, variety, of an opposite character, in which the black colour is absent from the
middle but present at the tips. There are only two or three examples of this variety
known ; and they resemble in this character P. laniarckianus rather than P. darwiiii-
anus. Though the black colour may be absent from either the tip or the middle it
is never completely absent from both, there being no individual with quite red legs,
though the black pigmentation is in a few cases but slight. In consequence of this
deficiency these individuals bear a resemblance to P. daTwinianus (in which species
the legs are red). But these specimens do not approach P. darwiniamis in other
respects.

The former var. y of P. varians is now P. laniarckianus.

(18) Plagithmysus darwinianus Sharp.

Plagitlunysus darivinianjis Sharp, f. c. p. 271.

(Plate VI. fig. 16 ; Z.)

Hab. Hawaii; Kilauea, in August. On the "IMamane" tree Sophora chryso-
pliylla, Perkins. In this species the legs never become black, but in some individuals —
especially when the size is large — the red is somewhat darker, showing a very imperfect
condition of blackness, analogous with that exhibited on the apical part of the femur

15—2

no FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

in some of the Intermediate varieties connecting the forms of P. varians. .In P.
dm'winianas the colour is however uniformly distributed.

It should be noticed that the red-leggedness of P. dartoiniamis is not due to mere
deficiency of black pigmentation as compared with P. varians ; for the black pigmenta-
tion of the wing-cases is much more extensive and decided than it is in even the
darkest varieties of P. varians.

(19) Plagithmysus laniarckianus, sp. nov.

Rufo-flavus, antennis pedibusque rufis, femoribus basi flava, apice plus minus
late nigricante ; thorace vel nigro vel rufo, sat conspicue albido-vittato ; elytris
flavescentibus, dense punctatis, dorso late longeque nigro, singulo ad suturam linea
albido-pubescente anterius versus latus divergente. Long. 9 — 15 millim.

Plagithmysus varians, var. y, Sharp, t. c. p. 245.

Van a, femoribus rufis.

This species is somewhat doubtfully distinct from P. darivinianiis. The pubescence
of the under surface and of the legs is less elongate, the antennae are slightly thinner
and usually darker in colour towards the tip, and the legs are usually more or less
broadly black. As minor distinctions we may mention that the elytra are usually
broader at the base, and are there never distinctly marked with white hairs ; their
black portions and the white lines on them are usually a little more extensive ; the
thoracic crest is a little more elevated on its posterior part.

Hab. Hawaii; Kilauea, August 1896, on the " mamake " or paper-mulberry.
Although this lives in the same locality as P. darwinianiis it frequents different trees,
being attached to the Urticaceous trees, Pipturus albidus, and Urera sandwicensis.
I have seen -^t^ specimens ; the varieties with entirely red femora are very similar to
P. dai-winianus, and it is possible that it may prove that the two forms are not distinct
species when more specimens are obtained. There were several specimens of P.
laniarckianus in the series I originally referred to P. darwinianus, and I am indebted
to Mr Perkins for directing my attention to the fact that there are probably two
distinct forms.

(20) Plagithmysus albert isi Sharp.

Plagithmysus albert isi Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxiii. 1897, p. 12.

(Plate VI. fig. 17; 2.)

Hab. Oahu ; West Honolulu, Feb. 25th, 1874; Signor d'Albertis. There is
reason to fear that this species may now be extinct.

COLEOPTERA 1 1 1

(21) Plagithmysiis pidvillatus Karsch.

Clytarlus pnhillatus Karsch, Berlin, ent. Zeit. xxv. 1881, p. 9, PI. I. f. 14.

Hab. Maui ; " Grove Ranche," Karsch ; Haleakala, 5000 ft., Perkins. We have
received only three individuals, and the species was described by Karsch on one female.
It is one of the least attractive species, being remarkable for its uniform colour and
freedom from definite ornamentation as well as for the very dense sculpture of the
elytra. The species is probably verging on extinction owing to the destruction in this
locality of the forest tree it inhabited. Insects are no longer to be found at Grove
Ranche ; but Mr Perkins procured his examples about 2000 ft. directly above its
situation, on Metrosideros polymorpha.

{22) Plagithmysus blackburni Sharp.

Clytarlus blackbui'iii ShsiV^, Tr. Dublin Soc. (2) in. 18S5, p. 195, PI. V. f 47.

Plagithmysus blackburni 'i\\'AX^, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1896, p. 271.

Hab. Hawaii; found by Mr Blackburn [on " Acacia falcata'''] on Mauna Loa
in May ; by Mr Perkins at Kona in the autumn, on Sophora chrysophylla. The only
variation that occurs in the colour of the legs is the one that I have mentioned as being
so rare in P. varians.

(23) Plagithmys7is sulphurcscens Sharp.

Plagithmysus sulphurescens Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxii. 1896, p. 271.

(Plate VI. fig. 17; $.)

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea, July 1895. The name of the tree to which this species
is attached is unfortunately not known.

Since P. lamarckianus has been distinguished from P. varians, it should be
mentioned that P. sulphurescens is allied to the former more than to the second of
these species.

(24) Plagithmysus speculifer Sharp.

Plagithmysus speculifer Sharp, t. c. p. 272.

Hab. Maui; head of the Jao Valley, June I S94. Unique. Food-tree unknown.

(25) Plagithmysus aestivus Sharp.

Plagithmysus aestivus Sharp, t. c. p. 272.

Hab. Molokai; in June and August, Perkins. On Metrosideros polymorpha.

112 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(26) Plagithmysus aequalis Sharp.

Plagithmysus aequalis Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1896, p. 273.

Hab. Kauai ; Mr Perkins procured a very large series of this species at MakaweU,
January and February 1897, on Acacia koa. And I have also seen a few specimens
from Waimea and Koholuamano.

This species is dimorphic as regards the colour of the legs, which are either red or
black without intermediate states. The individuals with red legs are very numerous.
Specimens with red thorax are very rare. The chief variations in these respects are as
follows.

Van /3, pedibus capiteque rufis.

Var. y, pedibus, capite thoraceque rufis.

I have not before me any specimens in which the legs are black without the head
being so, but it is probable that such specimens occur, and, if so, would form var. a.

Four individuals found in April 1895 form a variety with shorter thorax, having
more rounded sides, with more white pubescence on the upper surface, and the posterior
femora a little differently shaped. One of the two originally described females is a very
peculiar individual and may perhaps belong to another species.

(27) Plagithmysus mimroi, sp. nov.

Rufo nigroque variegatus ; elytris rufis, singulo posterius plaga nitida nigricante,
fere aequaliter ubique albido-guttulatis ; thorace albido vittato, femoribus bast flava.
Variat thorace femoribusque rufis, vel nigris. Long. 11 — 12 millim.

(Plate VT. fig. 19; ?.)

Closely allied to P. aequalis, but with the elytra nearly evenly spotted all over with
white flecks of pubescence, there being however a small area in front of the middle
densely and finely punctured. There is no definite spot of white on the mesothoracic
episterna. The hind legs are very long, the femora moderately thick, and there is
extremely little difference between the sexes.

Hab. Kauai. We are indebted to G. C. Munro, Esq., for the discovery of this
species : he obtained si.x specimens of it in July 1897, 2000 ft. above Waimea.

(28) PlagitJiinys7t,s arachnipes Sharp.

Plagithmysus arachnipes Sharp, /. c. p. 274.

(Plate VI. fig. 20; ?.)

Hab. Kauai. May 1895. Perkins. On Acacia koa.

COLEOPTERA

113

Both sexes of this species may be readily distinguished from P. aequalis by the
longer, slender basal part of the femora : as this part is pallid yellow in colour, the
discrimination of the two species is easy, though apparently the two are closely allied.

(29) Plagithniysiis cristatits Sharp.

Clytarlus cristatus Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. London, 187S, p. 207.

Plagithmysus cristatus Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1896, p. 274.

(Plate VI. fig. 21 ; t-)

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu, Blackburn ; on Acacia koa, Perkins.

In this species the hind femora are peculiar in shape, being much like what they
are in Callithinystis. The legs are much more slender in the female than they are in
the male. The specimen supposed to be Clytus atteniiatus Boisd. in the collection of
the British Museum is, as Mr Gahan surmised, a female of this species. Boisduval's
name has however no sufficient claim to validity, as will be seen from his description,
repeated here on p. 115.

Callithwvsus Sharp.
Callithmysiis Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. x.xxii. 1896, p. 238.

(i) Callithmysits nticrogaster Sharp.

Clytarlus viicrogaster Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. 1879, p. 103; Tr. Dublin Soc. (2),

III. 1885, PI. V. fig. 46.
Hab. Oahu ; near Honolulu, 2000 ft., in June, very rare ; Blackburn.

Callitkmysjis microgaster var. ? Jiirtipes, var. nov. Tibiis posterioribus minus
elongatis, usque basin densissime pubescentibus.

Hab. Oahu : one individual on the ridge leading from the head of Pauoa Y^allev
to the peak called Konahuanui, Oct. 31st, 1892. On Bobea sp.

Subfam. LAMIINI.

Group ACANTHOCINIDES.

Lagocheirus Thorns.

(i) Lagoclieints obsolctiis Thoms.

Lagocheirus obsoletus Thoms, Class. Longic. i860, p. 10.

Lagocheirus araneiformis var., Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 210.

Hab. Oahu. Apparently confined, so far as this archipelago is concerned, to the

114 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

island of Oahu. This form is now considered to be a distinct species, though it is
extremely close to the S. American insect with which it was previously identified — as a
small form — by the late Mr Bates and myself. Gahan considers that L. longipennis
Bates is a mere synonym of L. obsoletiis. The form is widely distributed, having been
found in Loo Choo islands, Tahiti, the W. Indies, and Mexico.

Group NIPHONIDES.

Prosoplus Blanch.

(i) Prosophts bankii Fabr.

Lamia bankii Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 176.

Micracantha iiisii/aris Pascoe, Tr. ent. Soc. London (2), v. 1859, p. 40.

Micracantha nutans Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. 1878, p. 209.

Hab. On the introduced Acacia, Prosopis sp. Probably on all the islands.
Mr Perkins, knowing it not to be native, procured but few examples. The species is
very widely diffused, having been found in Madagascar, Port Essington, Tondano,
Amboyna. L. bankii was described as found at the Cape of Good Hope. The
identification is due to an examination of the Banksian type in the collection of the
British Museum made by Mr Gahan. The genera Prosoplus and Micracantha are
considered by him to be one and the same.

Group APOMECYNIDES.

Apomecvna Serv.

(i) Apomecyna pertigera Thorns.

Mecynapus pertigera Thorns. Physis, i. 6, j^. 160.

Hab. Oahu. In a garden, Honolulu, November 1896, Perkins. Kauai, July
1897, Munro. The species comes from E. India and China.

Group PTERICOPTIDES.
Oopsrs Fairm.

(i) Oopsis nit tat or Fabr.

Lamia nutator Fabr., Mant. i. p. 142.

Stasilca curvicornis Karsch, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr. xxv. p. 8, Plate I. fig. 12.

Hab. Probably on all the islands. Abundant at low elevations. Widely
distributed in Polynesia, and found in Australia.

COLEOPTERA 115

§ 3. Bibliographic List (arranged chronologically).

1. BoiSDUVAL, — . Faune entomologique de I'Oceanie. Paris (no date, but 1835 '" preface), 705 pp.

[P. 485. " C/yfus atfeiu/atus, Dejean. Fuscus ; thorace cristate, albido lineato ; elytris apice
valde attenuatis, albido subvariegatis ; subtus ferrugineus. Nouvelle Hollande. Collec-
tion de M. Dejean. Cet insecte n'est point un vrai Clyttis, il devra probablement former
un nouveau genre." The specimen in Dejean's collection shows this to be Plagithmysus
cristatus ? . D. S.]

2. MoTSCHouLSKY, V. DE. Remarques sur la collection de Coleopteres russes de Victor de

Motschoulsky. Bull. Soc. Moscou, xviii. 1845, P'- i- PP- 3 — 127, Plates I. — III.

P. 85, description of Stenopierus piilverulenius, PI. I. fig. 2. Said to be from California.

3. • Observations sur le Musee entomologique de I'Universite imperiale de Moscou. Op. cit.

1845, Pt- II- PP- 332—388, Plates I., VII.

Plagithmysus, n. g., p. 369, for the Stenopterus puh'eniknlits, p. 370, PI. VII. figg. 7 — 7, iv.
Again said to be from California.

"4. . Etudes entomologiques, 1852, p. 76.

Erroneous synonymy of Plagithmysus.

5. Sharp, D. On some Longicorn Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. Tr. ent. Soc. London,

1878, pp. 201 — 210.

Nine species, 6 new (but 3 not really new). Three genera supposed new (i not really so).

6. . On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1879, pp. 77 — 105.

Two n. spp. of Clytarlus. Indicates, without naming, three genera.

7. Harold, E. von. Einige neue Coleopteren. Mitth. Miinchen. ent. Ver. iv. 1880, pp. 148 — 171.

Clytarlus finschi, n. sp., p. 166.

8. Karsch, F. Zur Kaferfauna der Sandwich-, Marshall- und Gilberts-Inseln. Berlin, ent. Zeitschr.

XXV. 1881, pp. I — 14, PI. I.

Aegosoma reflexum, Stasilea curvicornis = Oopsis nutator, Clytarlus pulvillatus, n. spp., with
figg. ; C. finschi, figure.

9. Sharp, D. On some new Coleoptera from tlie Hawaiian Islands. Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881,

PP- 507—534-

Clytarlus pennatus, fragilis, n. spp.

10. Blackburn, T. and Sharp, D. Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands. Tr. Dublin
Soc. 2nd ser. in. 1885, pp. 119 — 290, Plates IV. and V.

General work. Clytarlus blackburni and filipes, spp. n.

F. H. II. 16

ii6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

11. Sharp, D. Note on the genus Plagithmysus Motsch. C.R. Soc. ent. Belgique, 1885, pp.

Ixxiv — Ixxvi.

Synonymy and habitat of PIag;ithmysus.

12. . On Plagithtnysus : a Hawaiian genus of Longicorn Coleoptera. Ent. Mag. xxxii. 1896,

pp. 237—245, 271—274.

Twenty-two spp., 18 new. Rearrangement of genera. Callithmysns, n. g.

13. . Supplement. Op. cit. xxxiii. 1897, p. 12.

P. albertisi, n. sp.

14. Perkins, R. C. L. A collecting trip on Haleakala, Maui, Sandwich Islands. Ent. Mag. xxxii.

1896, pp. 190—195.

Stridulation and habits of Plagithmysus (as Clytarhis).

15. . Notes on some Hawaiian Insects. P. Cambridge Phil. Soc. ix. 1897, pp. 373 — 380.

Habits and variation of Plagithmysides.

117

o, f- 5^'^

II. COLEOPTERA RHYNCHOPHORA, PROTERHINIDAE,
HETEROMERA AND CIOIDAE.

By R. C. L. Perkins.

COLEOPTERA RHYNCHOPHORA.

Earn. CURCULIONIDAE.

§ 1. General Remarks on the Curculionidae \

The Curculionidae are represented by 137 species, and of these no less than 132
are at present only known from the islands. It is probable however that of the others
some will be found to be not truly indigenous, so that we will first briefly review the
various tribes with respect to these doubtfully indigenous forms. Of the Otiorhynchini
the species oi Rhyncogomis are all peculiar to the islands, and the only one to which any
suspicion can attach is R. vcstitiis, which in many respects is very different to, and indeed
less remarkable than the others. It is the only species which frequents the low lands,
and is found upon plants which are known elsewhere, whereas the others are all attached
to the forest trees or plants which are themselves loeculiar to the islands. Still on the
whole we are disposed to consider it indigenous. The solitary species of Pantomorus
on the other hand is certainly an introduced species, as we have found it in gardens in
Honolulu, and on Maui it has increased to such an extent as at times to be injurious.
The Cyladini are represented only by one species of Cylas known to occur elsewhere,
and which is attached to a common coast species oi Ipomoea. No doubt this beetle is a
natural immigrant.

The Cryptorhynchini have 20 species of Acalles, certainly all indigenous, and two
other species representing each a different genus. Both appear to be allied to Acalles,
the one indeed closely allied, and there is no reason to doubt that both are indigenous.

The Calandrini have three species of Calandra, two being widely distributed
outside the islands. The third is a remarkable species and is attached to cactus and
banana, and although not known elsewhere it may well have been imported, and cannot
safely be considered indigenous, nor even a natural immigrant. Besides these a single
species of Sphenophoriis, the well-known cane-borer of the sugar-planters, is known
elsewhere, and is either an importation by man or a natural immigrant.

' For remarks on the Proterhinidae and other groups see subsequent pages.

16 — 2

ii8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The Cossonini are the most extensive and important representatives of the Curcu-
Honidae. The 46 species of Oodemas and the 10 of Heteramplnis may be at once
dismissed as being all indigenous, and the same may be said of the three allied species
of Anotheoriis, and the same number of Nesotociis. The 17 species of Dryophthor^is
are a varied assemblage and might be distributed in two or three genera, but there is
no reason to suppose that any of them will be found elsewhere. The unique example
which represents the genus Orothreptes and the hardly less rare species for which we
have made the genus Deinocossoniis are almost certainly indigenous, for they are moun-
tain forms, attached to indigenous trees. The latter indeed appears to have already
formed to some extent distinct races on several of the islands. The species for which
the genus Dysomjna is formed must also be considered indigenous, the unique example
having been found by sifting dead leaves on the boggy summit of the Kauai mountains.
Other two genera now described, each for a single species — Thallatodora and Ha-
loxenus — are both found on the coast in logs of driftwood. It is probable that both
will be found elsewhere, being natural immigrants. The two species of Pseudolus must
both be excluded from the indigenous weevils ; one is found freely in banana and cactus
in company with Calandra remota, the other has been found in and near Honolulu only,
and on one of these occasions in boards of foreign wood, which formed the floor of a
room. The Phloeophagoso7na is abundant in decaying wood oi Aleurites at low eleva-
tions, in company with Pentarthrum obsairum, and both these species I have little
doubt occur outside the islands. It may be noted that the Aleurites or candle-nut-tree
produces but very few indigenous insects, and such as frequent it are mostly poly-
phagous species, and although the tree now forms in many localities a large part of the
lower forest, I suspect that it has been comparatively but a short time in the islands,
and was very probably brought there by the natives when they settled in the country.
Another species of Pentarthrum. found on the lowlands near Honolulu must also be
considered as foreign. The third species of this genus is very different in appearance
and structure to the others, and is truly indigenous, being confined to the mountain
forests, where it is attached solely to the tree-ferns, which are so conspicuous a feature
of these forests. Thus the species which in my opinion are foreign amount to 13, and
are distributed in no less than nine genera, and it may be remarked that those
Cossonini, which we consider as foreign, although they have not yet been obtained
elsewhere, are all small and obscure insects such as have been little collected in most
countries.

The indigenous Curculionidae on the other hand with their 123 species are distri-
buted in 13 genera, which represent three tribes only — Otiorhynchini, Cryptorhynchini,
and Cossonini. The genus Rhyncogonus, which was established by Sharp for the
members of the first tribe, is not peculiar to the islands, and has since been found in
New Zealand and other of the Pacific islands {vide Ent. Mo. Mag. 1899, p. 56).

The Cryptorhynchini have two genera peculiar, each with only one species

COLEOPTERA

119

known, but the great majority of the species belong to the widely distributed genus
AcalL's.

or the Cossonini, Oodemas, Heteramphus, Anotheoriis, Nesotocus, Dysomnia,
Deinocasoims, and Orothreptes are all genera peculiar to the islands, and it is probable
that some members of the genus Dryoplithoriis will at some time be separated as
distinct, while the rest will remain in that or be placed in very closely allied genera.
The indigenous Pentarthriim is a remarkable insect, very different to the two foreign
exponent > of the genus, but said to be allied to New Zealand forms (Sharp, Tr. ent.
Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 25). Thus nine of the 13 genera of indigenous Curculionidae are
peculiar to the islands, while Rhyncogonus with its numerous species probably originated
in the Pacific region and will be found to be widely distributed therein. With regard
to Acalles Sharp has remarked (Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 269) that it "is one of the
most frequent components of insular faunae, being very richly represented in New
Zealand, Polynesia, and the Atlantic islands."

Distribution of genera and species in the islands. Of the six genera which
contain each but a single species, the two Cryptorhynchids, H ypei'omorpha and Chae-
nostermmi, have both been found on Oahu alone, and the Cossonideous genera Dysomma
and Orothreptes are peculiar, the first-named to Kauai, the latter to Hawaii, whereas
Deinocossonus is probably to be found on all, since it has been taken on Kauai and
Hawaii at either end of the group as well as on the intermediate island of Oahu, and
the indigenous Pentarthruvi is likewise ubiquitous. It must however be remembered
that all the above-named insects, excluding the Pentarthriun, are excessively rare and
difficult to procure, so that more extended observations might show that those apparently
peculiar to one island also occur on some of the others. Nesotocus has been found
alive on Kauai, Maui and Hawaii, and fragments also on Molokai, so that it is no
doubt of general distribution, but Anotheorus is wanting on Hawaii, its range being
from Kauai to Maui. The distribution of Heteraniphus is similar to that of
Anotheorus, except that whereas we failed to collect the latter on Molokai, so Heter-
aniphus was not found on Lanai, but both are found on the neighbouring island of
Maui. The extensive genera Oodemas and DryophtJiorus are ubiquitous over the
group, as also is Acalles, but Rhyncogonus apparently becomes scarcer on the windward
islands, and is altogether absent from Hawaii.

The species of the genus Rhyncogonus, e.xcepting only R. sordidus, which was
iound alive on Lanai and in fragmentary condition on Molokai, are confined each one
to a single island, and of the 19 species Kauai has no less than nine, Oahu four,
Molokai three, Lanai and Maui two each, whilst Hawaii, as has been remarked, has
none.

Of the 20 species of Acalles the three islands, Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii have each
four species, and Maui and Lanai three each, while one species is found throughout the

I20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

group, and another has occurred on three of the intermediate islands. These fif,ures
are however subject to correction, for the Hawaiian species oi Acalles are excessively
difficult to collect, and some of them exhibit considerable variability, so that it is neither
certain that all the species described are certainly distinct, nor that the forrrs from
different islands assigned to a single species are really identical. The species of
Dryophtho7'us appear to be less restricted in their distribution ; Kauai has s'x, Oahu
two, and Hawaii one peculiar species, but the remaining eight are found o i two or
more of the islands ; three indeed are found throughout the group.

The extensive genus Oodemas has no less than 46 species, and is most richly
represented on Kauai, which has 18 species peculiar to it. Oahu and Maui each have
just half as many peculiar, whilst Hawaii, Lanai and Molokai have respectively three,
two and one. The remaining four species occur on two or more of the islands, but
neither of them is found on Kauai.

Heteramplms would appear to have its head-quarters on Oahu, where are five of
the ten known species, and these five are all peculiar to it ; Maui has three species
peculiar, and Molokai and Kauai each have one ; that on the latter island would have to
be separated generically were it not connected by the Oahuan H. hirtellns with the
more usual forms. Three of the Oahuan species are usually found in company on
Astelia veratroides, but would appear to be of extremely restricted range within that
island, since they are not to be found in many places where the plant is extremely
abundant, nor have we found any species attached to the Astelia on the other islands,
the Molokai form having been obtained from wet moss, and the others from wet
decaying logs. No species of this genus has been found on the large island of Hawaii.

Anotkeorus has one species quite peculiar to Kauai, Oahu likewise has one, but it
is very closely allied to the Maui form, and as both vary, I have some doubt as to their
being distinct. A single example from Lanai agrees best with the Maui species.

The extraordinary genus Nesotocus has one species peculiar to Kauai and one to
the Western range of mountains on Maui, the third has been taken both on Haleakala,
the Eastern division of this island, and also on Hawaii.

The remaining indigenous species have been sufficiently referred to above under
the genera to which they belong.

The percentage of the indigenous species of Curculionidae peculiar to the several
islands is given in the table.

Species

peculiar

to.

Total

number of ;
found upon.

species

Percentage of species
peculiar to.

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Maui

Lanai

Hawaii

COLEOPTERA

12 I

These figures fully show the remarkable character of the Kauai fauna in this family
of Coleoptera. Not only is it considerably the richest in species, but the percentage of
peculiar species is much higher than is the case with any other island. Moreover the
species themselves are in many cases highly remarkable, as compared with those of the
same genus on the other islands. Thus in Oodewas, O. longirostre, O. costatnm,
O. striahan, O. pulchrum, are species of the most highly evoluted form, each in its own
particular direction. So also the Kauai species of Rhyncogonus form a remarkable
series. These facts suggest the probability that the ancestors of the now existing fauna
of Curculionidae may, at least to a large extent, have first gained a footing on this
island, possibly at a time when some of the more recent islands were not adapted for the
mode of life of these creatures, or possibly even before these islands existed at all. This
suggestion is strengthened by a consideration of the condition of the weevils on the
other islands ; thus Oahu comes second both in number of species and in the per-
centage of those peculiar to it, and it is noteworthy that a number of the most
remarkable forms are found in what yet remains of the once fine forest of the Waianae
range, itself one of the oldest portions of the whole group of islands. Very different is
the case with Hawaii, which from its large size, lofty mountains, and very varied climate,
as well as its position at the end of the series of islands, might be expected to have a
large number of remarkable forms. This however is not the case, for it is not only
altogether wanting in Rhyncogonus, Hetcramphus and Anotheot'us, but it possesses but
three or four species of Oodenias, and these of the most commonplace forms. In the
group we are now considering the condition of the fauna of the big island contrasts
curiously with its Aculeate Hymenoptera, which are both richly represented and
remarkable ; indeed it is not necessary to go beyond the order of Coleoptera to see a
similar contrast, for the indigenous Cerambycidae are well represented there and some
of the forms are amongst the most remarkable of those found in the group.

Variation. We have already when dealing with the Aculeate Hymenoptera,
Neuroptera and Orthoptera remarked on the variability of so many of the island species.
Not less remarkable is this in the case of the Curculionidae. Mr Blackburn in describing
the species of Oodenias notes that their variability in certain points is embarrassing to
the describer, and with a large collection this becomes so much so, that in many cases
it is almost impossible to write a description which will apply in all respects to every
individual specimen. This variability too is not confined to superficial and trivial
characters, but affects those which are considered of decided importance for the separa-
tion of species. Even structures which are almost always constant vary in some species,
as for example parts of the prosternum in some species of Oodenias. We may observe
that there is no doubt as to the examples which exhibit this variability belonging to the
same species, and we are excluding from consideration such a species as O. niultifornie
of Hawaii, which may possibly include several allied and variable species; but is more

122 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

probably one which is now in the process of becoming divided into several, the division
not yet being complete. Some of the species of Rhyncogonus too are variable, as also
are those belonging to the genera Dryophthorus and Heteramplms, and there is no
doubt that many of the species of Acalles will prove to be equally so, when they have
been collected in numbers sufficient for an investigation on this point.

The Curculionidae of the islands are as a whole remarkably isolated. The RJiynco-
goni of the Otiorhynchini and the solitary indigenous species of Peiitarthruiu and
Orothreptes all probably originated in the Pacific islands, for the latter appears to be
most allied to the New Zealand Sericoirogus, although this alliance is by no means
close. The very important Cossonideous genera Oodemas, Anotheorus, Heteramplius
and Nesoiocus, on the other hand, are of quite uncertain origin, no near ally to any of
these forms having been found elsewhere. Indeed great as are the differences between
the first three of these genera it would appear that they are at least as closely connected
inter se as they are with anything outside the islands. Thus some of the species of
Oodemas, entirely different as they are in facies, do make some approach to Heteramplius,
while Anotheorus and Oodemas appear to be more nearly allied.

Wollaston remarks that metallic colouring is of rare occurrence in the Cossonini,
so that it is worthy of note that no less than 49 species, in fact all the members of the
genus Oodemas and Anotheorus, are so coloured. The extreme similarity in colour and
clothing between the very diverse genera Orothreptes and Deinocossomcs, is quite extra-
ordinary, both being clothed with a golden pubescence, in which they greatly resemble
the New Zealand Sericotrogiis, although Deinocossomis does not even belong to the
same section of the Cossonini as the other two.

§ 2. Systematic account of the Curculionidae.

Tribe OTIORHYNCHINI.

Rhyncogonus Sharp.

(i) Rhyncogonus nitidus, sp. nov.

Niger, nitidus, supra fere glaber. Caput cum pronoto laeve, et distincte punctatum.
Elytra nitida, seriatim punctata. Abdominis segmentum ventrale apicale d'-is latum,
opacum, pubescens, densissime punctatum, apice truncate, $-ae nitidum, parcius pubes-
cens, apice angusto, subacuto. Long. 12 — 17 mm. (Plate VII. fig. i.)

Black, smooth, and shining, often with a small spot of pale pubescence on each
side of the thorax at the base, the % generally larger and more robust than the ^.

COLEOPTERA 123

Head and thorax distinctly and rather finely punctured, the punctures of unequal size ;
second joint of the antennae rather longer than the third. Elytra shining, each with
about 1 2 rows of punctures dorsally, more strongly attenuate towards the apex in the %
than in the ^, and in the former sex with the edges flattened for some distance from the
shoulders. Abdomen beneath coarsely punctured at the base, and widely depressed in
the ^, finely punctured and but little depressed in the ?. Apical ventral segment of the
t dull, finely and densely punctured, pubescent but not very densely so, the apex very
broad and subtruncate. In the % this segment is shining, clothed with inconspicuous,
and very short pubescence, subtriangular and narrowly rounded at the apex.

Hab. Kauai Mountains (3000 ft.).

(2) Rhyncogonus funereus, sp. nov.

Niger, subnitidus, supra haud pubescens. Caput strigosum et punctatum. Pro-
thorax dense rugoso-punctatus. Elytra grosse punctata. Antennarum articulus secundus
tertio multo brevior. $. Long. 12 "5 mm.

Black, with the surface shining, and coarse sculpture. Head strongly strigose, and
punctured. Second joint of the antennae much shorter than the third. Thorax strongly
and densely rugosely punctured, its sides hardly rounded, subparallel. Elytra shining,
subdepressed, without pubescence, coarsely punctured, the interstices narrow, irregular.
Posterior femora with a transverse spot of pale pubescence outwardly about the middle ;
tibiae, tarsi and apex of the rostrum with fine pubescence.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains. A single $, found dead and somewhat muti-
lated, beneath bark.

(3) Rhyncogonus sqtiamiger, sp. nov.

Niger, nitidus, antennis, tibiis, tarsisque rufescentibus. Caput cum prothorace
tenuiter pubescens. Elytra squamulis pallidis, plus minusve seriatim dispositis, vestita.
Antennarum articulus secundus tertio multo longior. $. Long. 14 mm. (Plate VH.
fig. 2.)

Black and shining, the antennae and all the tibiae and tarsi of an obscure reddish
colour. Head with a thin clothing of short pale hairs which become scale-like, and form
a pale mark around the inner and posterior margins of the eyes, rugosely punctured.
Antennae with the first joint of the funiculus very long, considerably longer than the
second, the club unusually long and slender, its terminal evidently longer than its basal
joint. Thorax with sparse pubescence above, but forming a rather denser line along
each side, as wide as long, its sides rather strongly rounded, the surface shining and

F. H. II. 17

124 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

closely punctured. Elytra with regular rows of very closely-set punctures, the interstices
narrow, and very smooth and shining ; along the striae there are rows of minute pale
scales for the most part placed singly, but in places, especially at the shoulders, and
towards the apex of the elytra, forming more or less dense patches.

Hab. Kauai Mountains near Lihue (3000 ft.) ; i $ taken.

(4) Rkyncogoniis stygms, sp. nov.

Niger, capite strigoso et punctato. Antennarum articulus secundus et tertius
subaequilongi. Elytra opaca, pube inconspicua et brevissima vestita, seriatim punctata,
interstitiis tuberculis minutissimis, rare dispositis, mvmitis. Long. 12 "5 — 15 mm.
(Plate VII. fig. 3.)

Black, the antennae, tibiae, and tarsi sometimes with a reddish tinge. The head is
strigose and punctured, the antennae have the second and third joints nearly equal in
length, the apical joint of the club is evidently shorter than its basal one. The thorax
is densely punctured, and has a small pale pubescent spot on each side at the base.
The elytra are quite dull, each with about a dozen regular rows of punctures dorsally,
and clothed with an excessively short pubescence, usually hardly visible without close
examination, but in some examples sufficient to give the surface a slightly greyish
appearance. The interstices are furnished with minute scattered tubercles, which are
slightly less dull than the general surface. The intermediate and posterior femora have
a distinct patch of pale pubescence outwardly.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.).

(5) Rhyncogonus viinor, sp. nov.

Niger, parum nitidus, capite pubescentia pallida parcius vestito. Antennarum
articulus secundus tertio vix longior. Prothorax utrinque linea pubescentiae pallidae
continua ornatus. Elytra, humeris et parte apicali exceptis, baud pubescentia. ?.
Long. io'5 mm.

In general sculpture this species bears a strong resemblance to the preceding, but it
is a much smaller insect and it is comparatively less elongate. The pubescence of the
elytra is confined to some scanty patches at the extreme base, and a very sparse clothing
on the apical portion. Their surface is evidently less dull, and except towards the
sides and apex there are no evident minute tubercles on the interstices. Their form
is different, for they are much more suddenly narrowed to the apex, the narrowing
beginning only about one-third of their length from the apex. The front of the head
is evidently more pubescent, and there is a wide and distinct stripe of pubescence on

COLEOPTERA 125

each side of the thorax from base to apex. In the $ (the only sex obtained), the dorsal
edges of the elytra are very evidently flattened for a considerable distance from the
base. The puncturation of the whole insect, allowing for the difference in size, does
not materially differ from that of R. stygins.

Hab. Kauai Mountains (4000 ft.); i % taken.

(6) Rhyncogonus molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Niger, subnitidus, antennis pedibusque saepe rufescentibus. Caput circa basim
dense subtilius punctatum. Antennarum articulus tertius secundo vix brevior. Pro-
thorax dense (nee grosse) punctatus, macula utrinque ad basim pubescente ornatus.
Elytra subnitida, fere glabra. Long. 9*5 — 12 mm.

Black, and somewhat shining, the legs and antennae more or less of an obscure
red colour. The head is closely and finely punctured at the base, the second joint of
the antennae subequal to, or rather longer than, the third. Thorax densely, but not
coarsely, punctured ; the punctures, however, are much larger and stronger than those
at the base of the head. There is a very distinct smooth median dorsal line extending
from base to apex, and a small spot of pale pubescence on each side at the base. The
elytra are not very dull, and are almost without pubescence, and the surface is slightly
roughened by delicate corrugations proceeding from the punctures. In both sexes the
two apical segments of the abdomen beneath are clothed with pubescence, which is
very dense on the apical one. The other segments have only very sparse and minute
hairs. In the ^ the apical segment is broad and truncate, in the $ narrow and some-
what pointed at the apex, as is usual throughout the genus.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; rare.

(7) Rhyncogon7is ditbins, sp. nov.

Niger, vix nitidus, elytris vix evidenter pubescentibus, Z praecedenti cognatissimus,
capite circa basim baud dense punctato, elytris magis corrugatis, distinguendus. ^.
Long, fere 10 mm.

I have seen only a single Z of this species, which is closely allied to that of
R, violokaiensis, but apparently distinct. The front of the head (including the rostrum)
is by no means densely punctured, and at the base the punctures are larger and much
more sparing. The smooth dorsal line on the thorax is much more definite, and the
surface of the elytra less smooth, owing to the stronger corrugations.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae (1700 ft.); i t taken.

126 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(8) Rhyncogonus freycinetiae, sp. nov.

Niger, subnitidus, elytris vix pubescentibus, capite circa basim minus dense
punctato. Prothorax latus, trans medium evidenter latior quam longior, lateribus linea
pubescentiae continua ornatis. Elytra subnitida, interstitiis laevioribus. Abdominis
segmentum tertium ventrale $ aeque ac quartum pubescens. $. Long. 1 1 mm.
(Plate VII. fig. 4.)

Female black, and somewhat shining, in general appearance very like that of R.
molokaiensis. From that species it may easily be distinguished by the less close
puncturation of the base of the head ; the much wider and more depressed thorax, with
continuous lateral lines of pubescence. The ventral surface of the hind body is also
more pubescent, the third segment hardly less clothed than the fourth.

Hab. Oahu, Halemano (2000 ft.) ; i % taken at the bases of the leaves of
Freycmetia.

(9) Rhyncogonus blackburni Sharp.

Rhyncogonus blackburni Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. (Ser. 11.) p. 177.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn) ; i ^ in the same locality
(2000 ft.).

(10) Rhyncogonus koebe/ei, sp. nov.

Niger, baud nitidus, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus. Caput sublaeve, sparsim
punctatum. Prothorax subtilissime pubescens, densissime rugoso-punctatus, lateribus
fortiter rotundatis. Elytra peropaca, parcissime pubescentia, apicibus liberis. $, Long.
II mm. (Plate VII. fig. 5.)

Dull blackish, the antennae and all the legs dull reddish. Head smooth and
shining, sparsely punctured, the eyes very little prominent. Second joint of the
antennae rather longer than the third, the basal joint of the club longer than the apical.
Thorax very finely pubescent, densely rugosely punctured, its sides strongly rounded.
Elytra dull, with very little pubescence, the puncturation somewhat irregular, their
apices free, subdivergent. All the femora clothed with very short pubescence, that on
the tibiae longer. Apical ventral segment of the hind-body widely truncate at the
apex, densely clothed with pale pubescence. The species is very remarkable for the
condition of the eyes, which are much less prominent than in any other.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (2000 ft.) ; i $ taken by Mr A. Koebele,
whilst collecting with me.

COLEOPTERA 127

(11) Rhyncogomis kaiiaiensis, sp. nov.

Niger, vel plus minusve rufescens, capita et corpore toto subtiliter griseo- vel rufo-
pubescente. Caput strigosum et punctatum. Prothorax dense punctatus, utrinque vitta
pubescente ornatus. Elytra vix opaca, subtiliter pubescentia. Long. 10 — 13 mm.

Colour varying from black to reddish brown. The male generally much depressed,
the % more convex, but neither sex is constant in this respect. Head more or less
strigose and punctured, clothed all over with fine pale hairs, which form a denser line
around the inner margins of the eyes. Thorax densely punctured, clothed with fine
pubescence like that of the head, and on each side with a line of dense pale pubescence.
Elytra usually more or less shining, but much duller in some examples than others,
clothed with fine grey or reddish pubescence, the series of punctures for the most part
distinct, but towards the sides becoming more or less confused, and the surface more or
less rough, often tuberculate. The pseudepipleural region of the elytra always with
conspicuous patches or spots of dense pubescence.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; 15 examples taken. Apparently a very variable species.

(12) Rhyncogomis sordidus, sp. nov.

Niger, vel subrufescens, opacus, subtiliter pubescens, capite punctate. Prothorax
dense nee grosse punctatus. Elytra opaca, pubescentia, seriatim punctata, lateribus
maculis pubescentibus haud ornatis. $%■ Long. 10 — 12 mm.

The colour of this species varies from black to obscure red. The front of the head
and rostrum is almost without pubescence, the puncturation of the latter is usually not
very close and it shows little or no trace of longitudinal strigosity, its surface is more or
less flattened or depressed. The thorax is densely, but not coarsely, punctured, more
or less impressed near the base, clothed with very short and fine pubescence, and with
a line of denser and rather longer hairs on each side, but even in fresh examples these
lines are obscure. The elytra have a very fine pubescence, which is more conspicuous
in the ?, and of a reddish colour. Their surface is dull, but not rough, and the
punctures towards the sides remain quite distinct, although the series may be more or
less confused. On their deflexed portion there is no trace of spots or lines of dense
pubescence, such as are found in the preceding species. In the ^ the apical ventral
segment only of the hind-body is densely hairy, the others but sparsely so, the two
basal more or less strongly impressed.

Hab. Lanai, mountains (3000 ft.). A short and rather variable series taken.
The relative length of the second and third joints of the antennae appears to vary, as
also the puncturation of the insect. Fragments of a Rhyncogomis found on Molokai
are probably referable to this species. In one spot these were very abundant, but the
species had no doubt been extinct (so far as that particular locality is concerned) for
years, the vegetation consisting only of small stunted bushes.

128 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(13) Rhyncogonus lanaiensis, sp. no v.

Forma, facieque praecedentis ; $ oculis fortiter prominentibus, abdominis segmentis
ventralibus tribus apicalibus dense pubescentibus distinguendus. $. Long. 1 1 '5 mm.
($ ? 14 mm.)

Extremely like the preceding, but distinct by the strongly prominent eyes. The $
also differs in having the three apical ventral segments of the hind-body densely
pubescent, and the head somewhat strigose, as well as punctured. The first joint of
the funiculus of the antennae is considerably longer than the second.

A single $ probably belongs to this species. It differs from the preceding in its
larger size, more prominent eyes, and the rather more pubescent ventral segments of
the hind-body.

Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; i $ and i ?.

(14) Rhyncogonus laliainae, sp. nov.

Nigricans, pubescentia pallida vestitus, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus ; ^
thorace densissime punctato, interstitiis nitidis. Elytra pubescentia, sensim ad apices
attenuata. ^. Long. io"5 mm..

Blackish, the antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and more or less of the femora, red. The
surface of the rostrum iyZ) is somewhat smooth, punctured, but not strigose, and with a
scanty short pubescence. The antennae have the first joint of the funiculus evidently
longer than the second. The sides of the prothorax are rounded, its surface smooth
and shining between the dense punctures, and clothed with short fine pubescence, which
at the sides becomes longer and coarser, and forms a somewhat indefinite lateral band
on each side. The elytra are dull, and on each there are five or six lines of pale
pubescence, which are not very distinct, and due to the fact that the interstices are
alternately more densely or more sparsely clothed. The puncturation is distinct
throughout, but the second and third series originate at some distance from the base of
the elytra.

Hab. Maui, mountains behind Lahaina (3000 ft.) ; \ ^ taken.

(15) Rhyncogonus depressus, sp. nov.

Niger, densius pallido-pubescens ; Z fortiter depressus. Rostrum pubescentia
tectum, strigoso-punctatum. Pronotum cum elytris pubescens, nitidum ; elytra seriatim
punctata, tuberculisque minutis asperula. Long. io"5^ — 13"5 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 6.)

COLEOPTERA 129

Black, the whole insect clothed with somewhat dense pale pubescence, which is
rather in the form of very fine elongate scales, and to a large extent conceals the
surface, which is shining. The head in front is strigose and punctured ; the prothorax
densely punctured, the sides not at all strongly rounded, the surface shining, and with a
smooth narrow dorsal line, the sides more densely pubescent than the general surface.
The elytra in the Z are much depressed, with closely-set series of punctures, the surface
where not hidden by the pubescence, shining, and roughened with small tubercles. All
the legs clothed with pubescence, that on the front tibiae, as well as that of the scape of
the antennae, longer and more conspicuous than that of most of the species. The single
% which probably belongs to this species is much less depressed, and has a shorter club
to the antennae, its middle joint being not longer than wide, and the joints themselves
less distinct.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; 3 t and i %.

{16) Rhyncogoims vittatiis, sp. nov.

Niger, antennis pedibusque saepe plus minusve rufescentibus. Caput cum pronoto
squamulis pallidis vestitum. Elytra tuberculis nitidis asperula, fasciis longitudinalibus
pallidis ornata. ^ %. Long. 10 — 11 mm. (Plate VI. fig. 7.)

Black, the antennae and legs often more or less red or piceous. The J is very
strongly flattened or depressed, the % sometimes of more convex form. The head
is strigose and punctured, but the surface is for the most part concealed by the covering
of scales and hairs. The sides of the prothorax are but little rounded, and slightly
convergent in front, the surface densely punctured and concealed by the pale squamous
pubescence. The elytra have each about six distinct longitudinal bands, formed of
minute pale scales, the spaces between these bands being sparsely clothed with similar
scales. The surface is roughened by shining tubercles, and the puncturation much
obscured. All the legs and the antennae are clothed with pale hairs. In both sexes
the entire ventral surface of the hind-body is conspicuously pubescent, but the basal
segments are less densely clothed than the apical.

Hab. Kauai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; not common.

(17) Rliyncogomis tuber ailatus, sp. nov.

Minor, haud nitidus, totus pubescens, nigro-piceus, antennis pedibusque rufescenti-
bus. Caput strigosum. Elytra tota fusco-pubescentia, seriatim punctata, tuberculis
rare dispositis munita, apicibus haud liberis. ^ %. Long. 8*5 — 9 mm.

A small species, entirely clothed with fuscous pubescence, the ^ strongly depressed.
Head strigose ; antennae with the first joint of the funiculus subequal to the second ; in

I30 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the Z these joints are unusually short, and either of them is only about the length of the
basal joint of the club. The sculpture of the prothorax is largely concealed by the
pubescence, its surface is roughened by minute tubercles, and the puncturation is
indistinct. The elytra are seriately punctured, and entirely covered with pubescence,
which shows no tendency to form lines, and are united to the extreme apex. There are
very distinct tubercles sparsely scattered over the surface, many of which terminate in a
single short bristle. The apical ventral segment of the hind-body in the ^ is of a
reddish colour, densely pubescent, and truncate at the apex. The rest of the ventral
surface is conspicuously, but less densely, pubescent.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; x ^ i $ taken.

(18) Rhyncogonns sylvicola, sp. nov.

Minor, niger, vix nitidus, pubescens, prothorace subelongato, rugoso-punctato.
Elytra ad basim prothorace latiora, tuberculis rare dispositis munita, apicibus breviter
liberis. $. Long. 9 — 9-5 mm.

Allied to the preceding, but blacker in colour, and the surface less dull. The
prothorax is evidently longer, and its puncturation, which is dense and rugose, is
distinct. The elytra have scattered tubercles much as in that species, but they are
evidently wider at the base, so that the humeral angles stand out somewhat from
the hind angles of the prothorax, and their extreme apices are free.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; 2 % taken.

(19) Rhyncogonus vestitus Sharp.

Rhyncogomis vestitus Sharp, Tr. Dublin See. iii. 1885, p. 177.

(Plate VH. fig. 8.)

Hab. Maui. Very abundant on the sandhills between the mountains of East and
West Maui, but not found elsewhere.

Pantomorus Schonherr.

(1) Pantomorus olindae, sp. nov.

Nigricans, squamis pallidis vestitus. Capitis pars praeantennalis longitudinaliter
impressum, post hanc linea impressa mediali sat distincta. Antennarum articulus
secundus tertio multo brevior. Oculi fortiter convexi. Pronotum pallidis squamis
celatum, lateribus parum rotundatis. Elytra substriata, striis confertim punctatis.

COLEOPTERA

J31

squamis pallidis necnon postice setulis pallidis brevissimis vestita, lateribus fusco-
squamosis. Abdominis segmenta ventralia subtilissime rugulosa, vix evidenter punctata.
Long, (cum rostro) 8- — 8*5 mm.

This species is found in Honolulu, and is sometimes very abundant at Makawao
and Olinda, Maui, and is found as high up as 5000 ft. on Haleakala. It differs from
Pantomorus proper in having the antennal scrobes less deep and less definitely marked
posteriorly.

Hab. Oahu and IVIaui ; no doubt an imported species.

Tribe CYLADINl.

Cylas Latr.

(i) Cylas turcipennis Boh.

Cylas turcipetmis Boh. Sch. Gen. Cure. i. p. 369.
Hab. Oahu and Maui ; coast.

Tribe OR YP TORN YNCHINI.

AcALLES Schonherr.
(i) Acalles lateralis Sharp.

Acalles lateralis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 178.

(Plate VH. fig. 9, t.)

Hab. Oahu etc. The typical specimens are from Oahu ; I have taken others
which must be referred to this species, on Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. Very
scarce. The insects of this genus are with one or two exceptions extremely difficult to
procure, being generally taken singly, and in very different conditions as regards the
covering of scales ; this, added to the fact that they are certainly variable in colour,
size etc., makes a comparison of allied forms very difficult. It is quite possible that
there are several species very closely allied to A. lateralis, the number and condition
of the examples taken making it impossible to decide on this point. The single pair
taken on Kauai are very large (5 mm. excl. rostr.), the male has the prothorax wider
and more strongly constricted in front, and the prominences caused by the unevenly
raised interstices of the elytra are more strongly developed. The % has the rostrum
black, the thorax wider, and the prominences on the elytra stronger than those of
typical A. lateralis.

F. H. II. 18

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Acalles Inuneralis, sp. nov.

Minor, haud latus, squamis pallidis (griseis vel subferrugineis) vestitus, antennis
rostroque plus minusve rufescentibus. Pronotum totum squamis pallidis vestitum,
medium sulcatum, antice constrictum, <J-is sat latum, trans medium vix minus latum
quam longum, ?-ae fortiter elongatum, lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra
squamis pallidis vestita, ad humeros utrinque macula nigra distincta ornata, striis
distinctis, obscurius punctatis, interstitiis omnibus convexis, secundo (praecipue ^) forti-
ter inaequaliter elevato.

t% Long, (rostr. excl.) 3 — 3'5 mm.

Allied to A. lateralis but quite distinct,

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4500 ft.) ; one pair taken together.

(3) Acalles callichronia, sp. nov.

Haud latus, niger, rostro, antennis, tarsis, tibiarumque anticarum parte apicali,
rufis. Rostri basis squamis albescentibus, caput ferrugineis ornatum. Pronotum
elongatum, antice constrictum, medium sulcatum, squamis ferrugineis nigrisque varie-
gatum. Elytra ad basim plaga magna nigra ornata, post banc fascia transversa pallida,
ad latera dilatata, turn fascia transversa nigricante, parte apicali pallide squamosa,
maculis nigris ornata ; interstitiis primo et tertio haud convexis, secundo fortiter
interrupte elevato, partibus elevatis squamis nigris erectis densissime vestitis, quarto,
quinto et sexto elevatis, striis haud evidenter punctatis.

$ Long, rostr. excl. 3*5 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 10.)

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, July 1895 ; one example taken.

(4) Acalles iiielanolepis, sp. nov.

Haud brevis, niger, antennis, rostro, tarsisque rufescentibus. Caput cum pronoto
nigro-squamosum, hoc vitta laterali albida utrinque ornato. Pronotum angustum,
elongatum, antice minus fortiter constrictum, obscurius longitudinaliter sulcatum, sulco
medio plagam laeviorem elongatam rubricolorem ferente. Elytra nigro-squamosa, post
media macula albida, trans suturam posita, ornata, interstitio 2° et 4° sat evidenter nee
fortiter elevatis, squamis erectis vestitis, 1° et 3° parum convexis, striis obscure punctatis.
Femora omnia nigro-squamosa, squamisque suberectis albidis conspersa, maculis vel
cingulis pallidis carentia. Long, (rostr. excl.) circa 3 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 11.)

COLEOPTERA 133

In this species tlie elytra except for the well-marked transverse white spot, beyond
the middle, are nearly entirely clothed with black scales, but there is an indication
of an obscure paler area on each side extending from behind the shoulders towards the
suture. The sides as seen from above are simply rounded from the shoulders, and
not at all irregular. The second and fourth interstice are evidently more strongly
raised than the first and third, the first being hardly, and the third but little convex.
The second is slightly unevenly raised, and is densely clothed with erect black scales
at the base and again just before the region of the transverse white spot, which
accentuate the appearance of inequality. The most conspicuous feature of the species
is the smooth red lanceolate space lying between the inner ridges of the prothorax, and
the entirely black appressed scales of the femora.

Hab. Hawaii. A single example taken at Kilauea.

(5) A calks fraier, sp. nov.

Praecedenti simillimus, nigro-squamosus, rostro rufo, antennis, tarsisque testaceis.
Pronotum squamis ferrugineis supra maculatum, sulco medio plagam rubram haud
ferente. Elytra plaga ferrugineo-squamosa fasciam latam formante ornata, apice
squamis ferrugineis variegato. Femora media distincte pallide cingulata. Long,
(rostr. excl.) circa 3 mm.

Very closely allied to A. melanolepis, but the thorax is without the red smooth
lanceolate area between the inner ridges, and is ornamented above with ferruginous
spots, and the elytra have a large lateral band of similarly coloured scales, extending
from behind the shoulders, and forming a wide transverse fascia which is less distinct
towards the suture ; their apex is also variegated with paler scales. All the femora
have a pale band of appressed scales at the base and another about the middle.

A single example from Molokai is very similar to the above but the pale scales
of the thorax and elytra are greyish, the transverse fascia of the latter less defined,
the antennae, rostrum and tarsi much less clearly coloured, and the thorax evidently
shorter. The difference in the latter respect is probably sexual, but I suspect that the
two forms are distinct, though very closely allied.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.); one example. Van on Molokai (4000 ft.);
one example.

(6) Acalles koae, sp. nov.

Haud brevis, rostro piceo, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus. Rostri basis cum
capite antico pallide squamosa. Pronotum angustum, elongatum, antice constrictum,
postice angustatum, longitudinaliter sulcatum, sulco medio obsolete carinato, squamis

H S. Bsrbor, iS 2

U. s. Notion^ Muwum,
Washington, D- *"

134 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

fulvescentibus depressis, erectisque nigris vestitum. Elytra in parte basali squamis
albescentibus vestita, nigro variegata, post banc fascia transversa nigra, maculaque alba
trans suturam posita, apice fulvo-squamoso ; interstitiis 2° et 4° minus fortiter elevatis,
1° et 3° baud convexis, striis (squamis baud remotis) impunctatis. Femora nigro-
squamosa, media pallide notata. Long, (rostr. excl.) 3 mm.

This prettily marked species appears to be quite distinct. The prothorax is
clothed with appressed scales of a fulvous colour, and black erect ones along the two
inner ridges. The basal half of the elytra is covered with pale squamosity of a whitish
and pale brown colour, variegated with black markings, which are most extensive about
the shoulders, and are partly formed by the basal elevation of the second and fourth
interstices, which are there covered with dense erect black scales. A little behind the
middle of the elytra there is a complete transverse black fascia, which posteriorly
encloses a pure white trans-sutural spot. The first and third interstices are fiat, not
perceptibly convex, the second and fourth are elevated but by no means strongly so,
and apparently unevenly, though this appearance is partly at least due to the erect setae
which are placed on them at the base and about the middle of the elytra, and give them
an appearance of being more elevated than is really the case. The sides of the elytra
are simply and regularly rounded from the shoulders, the striae show no visible
puncturation without the removal of the scales.

Hab. Hawaii. A single example beaten from Acacia koa at an elevation of
about 5000 ft. in Kona.

(7) Acalles innotabilis, sp. nov.

Minus brevis, piceo-niger, rostro, antennis, tarsisque rufescentibus. Caput plus
minusve pallide squamosum. Pronotum angustum, elongatum, obscurius longitudinaliter
sulcatum, antice minus fortiter constrictum, squamis pallidis fuscescentibus vestitum.
Elytra ex majore parte cum pronoto concoloria, squamisque nonnullis erectis nigris,
maculaque albida postice trans suturam posita, ornata, humeris rotundatis, striis omnibus
grosse punctatis, interstitio 2° subinaequaliter elevato, 1° et 3° subconvexis, 4°, 5°, 6°
sat distincte subaequaliter elevatis. Tibiarum apices pallide squamosi. Long, (rostr.
excl.) 3*2 mm.

Hab. Kauai. A single example taken in the lower forest (about 2500 ft.).

(8) Acalles leptothorax, sp. nov.

Niger, rostro, antennis, tarsisque rufis, baud latus, sat elongatus, squamis pallidis
nigrisque intermixtis variegatus. Rostrum post antennas squamis pallidis vestitum.
Pronotum elongatum, lateribus leviter, fere aequaliter, rotundatis, antice baud subito

COLEOPTERA 135

angTJstatum vel constrictum, antice setis nonnullis erectis nigris, et ubique squamis
nigris albidisque variegatim vestitum, supra vix evidenter sulcatum vel inaequale.
Elytra squamis albidis nigrisque variegatim vestita, interstitiis convexis, 2" parum
fortiter inaequali, striis parum distincte punctatis, lateribus sat aequaliter rotundatis.
Femora nigra plus minus distincte albido-cingulata, tibiis nigro-squamosis, apices versus
(circa \ — \ longitud.) squamis pallidis vestitis, ibique rufescentibus. Long, circa 3 mm.
(Plate VII. fig. 12.)

Remarkable for the very narrow long prothorax, which is quite evenly rounded at
the sides. The extreme apex of the elytra is covered with pale scales, in front of which
is a wide band of black squamosity enclosing a quadrate pale trans-sutural spot, which
itself is dark in the centre. In front of this the elytra are variegated with black and
pale scales intermixed.

Hab. Kauai. A single example was taken at Halemanu (4000 ft.).

(9) Acalles decoratus Blackburn.

Acalles decoratus Blackb., Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 180.
H.AB. " Lanai, 2000 ft." " A single specimen " (Blackburn).

(10) Acalles mauiensis Blackburn.

Acalles Jtmuiensis Blk., t. c. pp. 179, 181, 254.

Hab. Maui. " A single specimen beaten from Aleurites triloba, at an elevation
of about 4CXX) ft. on Haleakala." (Blackburn.)

The specimen referred to on p. 181, /. c. is said, p. 254, /. c, to be probably
a distinct species.

(11) Acalles angusticollis Sharp.

Acalles angusticollis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 179.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (Blackburn), where I have myself taken a single example.
Minute examples taken on Oahu (var. 7?ii?ior, Shp.) by Mr Blackburn are probably
distinct, and almost agree with abraded specimens taken by myself on Lanai.

(12) Acalles duplex Sharp.

Acalles diiplex Sharp, /. c. p. 1 78.
(Plate VII. fig. 13. ?; fig. 14, ?■)

Hab. Oahu. Widely distributed on the island. Varies greatly in size, the
females apparently not being always of diminutive size as compared with the males.

I -,6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(13) Acalles ignotus Blackburn,

Acalles ignotus Blackb. t. c. p. 180.

Hab. Oahu. A single example (Blackburn).

(14) Acalles lanaiensis, sp. nov.

Valde convexus, pallide squamosus, rostro piceo, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus.
Caput cum pronoto squamis palUdis vestitum. Pronotum sat latum, antice fortius con-
strictum, medium postice distincte sulcatum. Elytra pallide squamosa, plaga humerali
utrinque saepe nigra, angulis humeralibus sat distinctis, fere rectis, interstitio 2° plus
minusve inaequaliter elevato, tertio quartoque elevatis, illo angulos humerales formante,
striis obscure punctatis. Long, (rostr. excl.) vix 3 mm.

Apparently allied to Acalles dttplex, Shp., but much smaller and the sculpture of
the elytra much less strongly pronounced.

Hab. Lanai Mountains ; several examples taken.

(15) Acalles chlorolepis, sp. nov.

Brevior, robustus, griseo-squamosus, rostro, antennis, tarsis, tibiarumque apicibus
plus minusve rufescentibus. Caput griseo-squamosum ; antennarum articulo tertio brevi.
Pronotum baud latum, squamis griseis depressis, paucisque erectis nigricantibus vestitum,
longitudinaliter 5-sulcatum, lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra griseo-squamosa,
apicem versus utrinque plaga nigricante, interstitiis 2° et 4° sat fortiter inaequaliter
elevatis, 1° et 3° vix vel baud convexis, striis internis obscure punctatis, angulis humera-
libus sat distinctis. Femora nigro-squamosa, squamis erectis griseis conspersa. Long,
(rostr. excl.) vix 3 mm.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; two or three examples taken.

(16) Acalles nigripennis, sp. nov.

Sat latus, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus, rostro rufopiceo. Caput pallide squamo-
sum. Pronotum basi latum, antice fortiter constrictum, squamis pallidis vestitum,
postice fortius sulcatum. Elytra tota nigro-squamosa, lateribus baud aequaliter rotun-
datis, interstitiis 2" et 4° subfortiter nee aequaliter elevatis, striis obscure punctatis.
Femora omnia ubique pallide squamosa. Long, (rostr. excl.) 3 mm. (Plate VI L
fig- 1 5-)

COLEOPTERA 137

The elytra have the second interstice rather strongly raised, rather more strongly
at the base and at about their middle than between these points ; the third is hardly
convex ; the fourth strongly and unevenly raised, forming the humeral angles ; the fifth
and sixth are also more or less unevenly raised, the latter in dorsal aspect forming the
lateral outline of the elytra behind the shoulders, which owing to the form of this
interstice has an angulate appearance, instead of being regularly rounded from the
base.

Hab. Lanai, a single example taken in the mountains.

( I 7) Acalles tuberculatus, sp. nov.

Piceus, rufopiceus, vel rufescens, minus brevis, rostro, antennis tarsisque rufescen-
tibus, squamis pallidis nigrisque vestitus, squamis erectis elongatis et gracilibus.
Pronotum haud latum, plus minusve evidenter longitudinaliter 5-sulcatum, sulco medio
tuberculo elongate laevi munito, antice fortius constrictum, squamis ex majore parte
nigris vestitum. Elytra squamis nigris pallidisque variegata, striis obscure punctatis,
interstitiis 2° et 4° aequaliter, 6° inaequaliter elevato, humeris prominulis. Long.
275—3 mm.

This species is very distinct by the smooth tubercle situated about the centre of
the prothorax, and the form of the erect scales, which are longer and more slender than
those of other species. The elytra have their humeral angles somewhat acute and
prominent, the 2nd and 4th interstices moderately strongly, and evenly raised, the 6th
is somewhat strongly raised a short distance behind the shoulders, and forming the
outline of the elytra in dorsal aspect, gives it at that point an appearance of being
angulated. One example has the elytra nearly entirely clothed with pale scales. Most
of them are for the most part or entirely denuded.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona (4000 ft.). About 10 examples found under small logs.

(18) Acalles pallidicollis, sp. nov.

Minus brevis, niger, rostro piceo, tarsis antennisque rufescentibus. Caput rostrique
basis squamis pallidis vestita. Pronotum totum pallide squamosum, elongatum, antice
constrictum, obscurius sulcatum. Elytra squamis pallidis nigrisque variegata, basi
apiceque ex majore parte nigris, media parte pallide squamosa, obscure nigro fasciata,
striis internis obscure grosse punctatis, interstitiis 2° et 4° fortius, primo et tertio his
levins elevatis. Femora omnia pallide vestita, nigro-cingulata, squamis erectis pallidis.
Long, (rostr. excl.) 3-25 mm.

Hab. Kauai, above 2000 ft. One example taken.

138 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(19) Acalles monticola, sp. nov.

Minus brevis, pallide squamosus, rostro piceo, antennis basi rufescentibus. Caput
cum basi rostri squamis depressis erectisque pallidis vestitum. Pronotum elongatum,
antice constrictum, obscurius 5-sulcatum, squamis pallidis depressis, nonnullisque nigris
erectis vestitum. Elytrorum pars basalis squamis pallidis vestita, nigro-punctata, post
media plaga transversali nigricante, quae maculam albidam, trans suturam positam,
continet, apice pallido; interstitiis 2° — 6° fortius aequaliter convexis, striis obscure grosse
punctatis. Femora omnia pallide squamosa, media parte late nigrocincta. Tibiae ad
basim nigro-squamosae. Long, (rostr. excl.) 3'5 mm.

In this species all the interstices of the elytra are raised, except the first, which is
only slightly convex. There is very little difference between the convexity of the other
interstices, that of the 3rd being slightly less than the 2nd and 4th.

Hab. Oahu. A single example taken in the Waianae mountains.

(20) Acalles oahuensis, sp. nov.

Minus brevis, pallide squamosus, rostro antennisque rufis. Caput squamis pallidis
depressis, nigrisque erectis, vestitum. Pronotum elongatum, antice subfortiter constric-
tum, 5-sulcatum, lateribus rotundatis, squamis pallidis nigrisque variegatum, aliisque
erectis nigris vestitum. Elytra squamis pallidis vestita, plaga magna basali nigra,
fasciisque post media duabus irregularibus transversis ornata, leviter striata, striis parum
distincte punctatis, interstitiis 2°, 4°, et 6° aequaliter elevatis, 1°, 3° et 5° baud convexis.
Femora cum tibiis ex majore parte squamis nigris vestita. Long, (rostr. excl.) 3 mm.

A very distinct species, each of the elytra with three very well-marked longitudinal
costae, which continue the three ridges on either side of the thorax. The alternate
interstices are not at all raised or convex.

Hab. Oahu. A single example taken in the Waianae mountains (2000 ft.).

Chaenosternum Blackburn.

( I ) Chaenosternum konamun Blackburn.

Chaenosternum konanum Blackb., Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 181.
Hab. Oahu. One example taken near Honolulu (Blackburn).

COLEOPTERA

139

Hyperomorpha Blackburn,
(i) Hyperomorpha squamosa Blackburn.
Hyperomorpha squamosa Blackb., /. r. p. 182.

Hab. Oahu. A single example taken in wet moss in the Pausa valley (Black-
burn). I have not met with this, or the preceding genus.

Tribe CALANDRINI.

Sphenophorus Schonherr.

(i) Sphenophorus obsairiis Boisd.

Calandra obsciira Boisd. Voy. Astr. 11. p. 448; Fairm. Rev. Zool. 1S49, p. 474.
The various islands.

Hab. a destructive species in the fields of sugar-cane, well-known as the ' cane-
borer.' Also on banana in the mountains and sometimes found under rocks. The
species has probably a wide distribution outside the Archipelago, though very little has
been written about it.

Calandra Clairville.
(i) Calandra reniota Sharp.

Cala7idra reviota Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 183.
Hab. Oahu (Blackburn). Maui ; in banana stems ; common.

(2) Calandra oryzae, L.
Calandra oryzae Linn., Amaen. Ace. vi. p. 395.
Hab. All the islands ; in food.

(3) Calandra linearis van striata Thunb.
Calandra linearis var. striata Thunb. Nov. Act. Ups. vii. p. 112.
Hab. Oahu ; in decaying tamarinds (Blackburn).

Tribe COSSONINI.

Dryophthorus Schonherr.

(i) Dryophthorus squalidus Sharp.

Dryophthorus squalidus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1S78, p. 22.
Hab. Common throughout the islands in the mountains.

This abundant species is extremely variable in size, the smallest examples are less
than four, the largest more than six, mm. in length. All the interstices of the elytra
F. H. II. 19

I40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

are covered with a cinereous bloom. The apical portion of the rostrum in the ? (from
the insertion of the antennae to the apex) is impunctate, or at the most has a few
excessively feeble and fine punctures.

(2) Diyophthortis distinguendus, sp. nov.

Niger, piceus, vel rufescens, haud robustus, grosse punctatus. Rostri (?-is pars
anterior opaca, rugoso-punctata, $-ae nitida, subtilius sat distincte fere ad apicem
punctata. Oculi sat magni. Pronotum densissime punctatum, antice fortiter constrictum.
Elytra satis profunde sulcata, sulcis confertim grosse punctatis, interstitiis haud cinereo-
sericeis, subtilissime punctulatis, et brevissime pallide setulosis. Long, (rostr. incl.)
4—5-5 mm.

This species greatly resembles D. squalidzis Shp., and is often found in company
with that species, but is certainly distinct. The interstices of the elytra are never
covered with the whitish bloom as in that species, and the minute punctures which they
bear give rise to short pale-coloured setae. The % is readily distinct from that of
D. sqtialidiis by the fact that the rostrum has an evident, though not coarse, punctura-
tion on its anterior shining portion. Like most of the Hawaiian species this varies
considerably, but it is by no means improbable that I have included more than one
species under the above name. The raised apical margin of the elytra is continuous
with the sixth interstice as in D. squalidus.

Hab. Found on all or nearly all the islands of the group.

(3) Dryophthorus peles, sp. nov.

Niger, robustus, grosse punctatus. Rostri % pars praeantennalis nitida, subtiliter
sat evidenter punctata. Pronotum latum, grosse punctatum, antice fortiter constrictum.
Elytra fortiter seriatim punctata, interstitiis distinctissime punctulatis, brevissime pallide
setulosis, haud cinereo-sericeis, margine apicali elevato cum interstitio sexto continuo.
Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 6 '5 mm.

This species somewhat resembles D. distingttendus, but it is altogether larger and
more robust. The interstitial puncturation of the elytra is larger, and more distinct and
definite than in most of the species. The punctures in each row are closely set, and the
spaces dividing one from another are more than usually convex, grooved on each side
where they meet the interstices. This convexity gives them a strongly marked knob-
like appearance in certain aspects. The whitish bloom seen in D. squalidus is entirely
absent, but the interstitial punctures bear excessively minute pale setae. The interstices
themselves are all of nearly similar height, and the sixth is confluent with the elevated
apical side-margin.

Hab. Hawaii. Kilauea (June 1895). Half-a-dozen examples, no doubt obtained
in a batch, as they stand under the same number. The species appears to me to be
most closely allied to D. nesiotes.

COLEOPTERA 141

(4) Dryophthorus nesiotes, sp. nov.

Niger, robustus, statura magna. Rostri pars praeantennalis ? nitida, baud, vel vix
evidenter, punctata. Pronotum latissimum, antice fortissime constrictum, fortiter dense
punctatum. Elytra seriatim fortiter punctata, interstitiis cinereo-sericeis, tuberculis
minutis, sat distinctis, munitis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 775 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 16.)

This species also belongs to the group in which the elevated apical margin is
continuous with the sixth interstice of the elytra. The interstices themselves (except in
very much rubbed examples), have a distinct ashy covering. The formation of the
spaces between the punctures in each row on the elytra is nearly similar to that in
D. peles. The present species is distinct by its large size, the distinct minute asperities
with which the interstices are set, and their ashy covering.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.).

(5) Dryophtho7'ns g^^avidiis Sharp.

Dryophthor7ts gravidus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 22.

To this species I refer a great number of e.xamples taken on Molokai, Lanai, Maui,
and Hawaii. The difierences between the extremes are so great that they do not
appear, when examined together, to be even very closely allied species, but after
examining the whole series from the various localities, I am forced to consider all
to belong to one variable form. Minute individuals appear to be always distinguishable
from D. squalidus etc. by the shorter and wider elytra, differences in puncturation etc.
Some examples from Maui are very remarkable, the punctures on the elytra becoming
distorted and tending to become obsolete, the elytra themselves being laterally com-
pressed. A similar tendency is also seen in some specimens from other islands. The
elytra are much more narrowed posteriorly in some examples than in others. The
puncturation of the prothorax varies in the size and density of the punctures ; those on
the elytra also are variable. There is a decided tendency towards the sculpture of the
elytra exhibited by D. crassus Shp. in some Maui individuals.

Hab. Oahu (Blackburn) ; all the islands to windward of Oahu.

(6) Dryophthorus crassus Sharp.

Dryophthorus crassus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 23.

Hab. Oahu and Maui (Blackburn). I have taken it singly near Honolulu, but
not elsewhere, unless some of the examples from Maui, included under D. gravidus,
should be referred to this species.

19 — 2

142 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(j) Di'yophthorus homoeorhynchus, sp. nov.

Niger, vel piceus, haud robustus, rugoso-punctatus. Rostrum utriusque sexus
(apice extremo excepto), opacum, rugoso-punctatum. Pronotum densissime rugoso-
punctatum, antice fortissime constrictum. Elytra sat profunde sulcata, sulcis grosse
punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, punctis setas brevissimas pallidas, satis conspicuas,
ferentibus. Long, (rostr. incl.) 4"5 — 6 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 17; fig. 17a, head and
rostrum of ?; fig. 17^ of ^.)

This species, although the elevated apical margin appears rather continuous with
the sixth than the fourth interstice of the elytra, evidently belongs to the group of
D. declivis, from which it is also separated at once by the fact that there is little
difference in the elevation of the interstices, whereas in that species the second, fourth
and sixth are very noticeably more elevated than the others. From those species
of the group of D. squalidus which it somewhat resembles, the female is distinguished
at once by the dull apical half of the rostrum, with its rugose puncturation, and the ^ by
the more outstanding pterygia, so that the rostrum is more widened about the point of
insertion of the antennae. The sexes are easily known by the more slender rostrum of
the female.

Hab. Kauai mountains (2000 — 4000 ft.).

(8) Dryophthorus declivis Sharp.

Dryoplithot'iis dcclii>is Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 23.
(Plate VII. fig. 18.)

This is a very distinct species easily known by the costate 2nd, 4th and 6th
interstices of the elytra, the two latter uniting to form the strongly raised apical side-
margin. These interstices vary somewhat in the amount of elevation, but it is always
very apparent. The female has the rostrum more slender than the ^, less widened at
the insertion of the antennae, but the dull surface and rugose puncturation to near the
apex is common to both sexes.

Hab. Oahu, Molokai, Hawaii. Not so common as many of the species.

(9) DryophtJiorus modestiis Sharp.

DryophtJioi-us nwdestus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 23.

The sexual distinctions in this species are similar to those exhibited by the sexes
in D. homoeorliynchtLs and D. declivis. It varies considerably in size and the elevation
of the apical margin, the connection between which and the fourth interstice is rather
less manifest in some examples than others.

Hab. Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii.

COLEOFTERA 143

(10) Dryophthoi'us pnsillus Sharp.

Dryophihorns pusillus Sharp, t. c. p. 24.

Hab. Oahu (Blackburn) ; in stems of the tree-fern. I have never met with this
species.

(11) Diyopht horns oahuensis, sp. nov.

Species minima, minus lata, rufescens, capite nigricante. Rostrum (^) latum,
rugosum, et opacum. Pronotum antice fortiter constrictum, grosse rugoso-punctatum.
Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitiis omnibus distinctis, 2° et 4° quam 3° et 5°
paullo fortius elevatis, 6° ad apicem declivem fortissime carinato-elevato. Long. Z
(rostr. incl.) 27 mm.

The rostrum is rather short and broad, the pterygia strongly outstanding. The
eyes are feebly facetted. The puncturation of the prothorax is coarse and rugose but
apparently shallow. All the interstices of the elytra are distinct, but not wide, the
second and fourth a little more raised than the third and fifth, and not interrupted, the
sixth alone forms the extremely strongly elevated apical side-margin. The species is
very distinct.

Hab. Oahu. A single example (.?) taken in the Waianae mountains (3000 ft).

(12) Dryophthorus kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Species minima, rufescens. Caput (^) cum rostro rugoso-punctatum, squamosum.
Pronotum dense grossissime rugoso-punctatum, antice constrictum. Elytra sat grosse
seriatim punctata, interstitio 2°, 4° et 6° haud interrupte carinato-elevatis, tertio sub-
obsoleto. Long. ^ vix 3 mm.

This species is allied to D. oaJmensis, but it is a little larger, and abundantly
distinct by the sculpture of the elytra, the sharply carinate form of the second and
fourth interstices readily separating the two. The apical margin is formed by the sixth
interstice, which is strongly raised towards the apex. In D. ptisilbis Shp., which is a
small species, the fourth interstice is continuous with that margin, as also is the case
with D. niodestus Shp. Both in D. kauaiensis and the preceding species the eighth
interstice forms a part of the lateral outline towards the base of the elytra, in dorsal
aspect. In the present species indeed it is rather strongly raised.

Hab. Kauai. A single J taken in the mountains (4000 ft.).

144 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(13) Dryophthorus insignis Sharp.

Dryophthorus insignis Sharp, /. c. 1878, p. 24.

(Plate VII. fig. 19.)

I have examined numerous specimens which I refer to this species from the islands
of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. It also is found on the other islands. The examples
from the islands specified do not altogether agree, but as the series from each locality
exhibits some variation I see no means of separating them as distinct forms. Certainly
in the majority of cases the Oahuan examples can be distinguished by the more
imperfect eyes, but there is evident individual variation in this respect. The Maui
form has the raised interstices of the elytra always very strongly broken, and the eyes
are more developed. In specimens from Hawaii the eyes are well-developed, convex
and a little prominent. From the other islands I have seen only odd specimens.

Hab. Found under bark of trees in the mountains of all the islands.

(14) Dryophthoriis insignoides, sp. nov.

Piceus, vel plus minusve rufescens, sat grosse punctatus. Oculi mediocres. Rostri
($) pars praeantennalis nitida, rugoso-punctata. Pronotum elongatum, antice fortiter
constrictum, obscurius grosse punctatum. Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitio
2° et 4° inaequaliter carinato-elevatis, setis vestitis, primo sat distincto. Long, (rostr.
incl.) 4 — 475 mm.

The general sculpture of this species is as in D. insignis Shp., from which it is
readily distinguished by the distinct first interstice of the elytra, the carinae of which
are less strongly elevated. All the raised interstices (i.e. 2nd, 4th and 6th) bear erect
setae, and the second and fourth are evidently interrupted or uneven. The third and
fifth interstices are generally more or less distinct. The eyes are fairly well developed.
The rostrum of the female on the part in front of the antennae has the surface shining,
and is strongly and rugosely punctured, in the $ this part is dull and covered with
squamosity.

Hab. Kauai mountains. Single examples from other islands, Molokai, Lanai,
and Oahu, do not altogether agree with the typical specimens, but are too close to
separate without the examination of a fair series.

(15) Dryophthorus brevipennis, sp. nov.

Praecedenti simillimus, statura minore, elytris brevioribus distinguendus. Long.
3—375 mm.

Very similar to the preceding but a decidedly smaller insect. The second, fourth

COLEOPTERA 145

and sixth interstices of tlie elytra are more or less raised and bear fine setae, but the
elevations are feeble. The other interstices are quite distinct. The elytra themselves
are decidedly shorter than in D. insignoides, the rostrum in the $ is more finely and less
rugosely punctured than in that species. In a strict dorsal aspect of the elytra the
acute 8th interstice always forms a portion of their lateral outline near the base.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.).

(16) Dryophthorus fuscescens, sp. nov.

Haud latus, statura minore, fuscescens. Oculi minimi. Pronotum antice fortiter
constrictum, grossius punctatum. Elytra seriatim grossius punctata, interstitiis cunctis
sat distinctis, secundo quartoque inaequaliter distincte carinato-elevatulis, cumque
sexto, setis brevissimis vestitis. Long. 3 '5 mm.

A small and very distinct species, with unusually small eyes, which consist of
comparatively few coarse facets. The rostrum of the % is closely, coarsely and rugosely
punctured between the smooth ape.x and the line of insertion of the antennae, and is
hardly shining. In the ^ the sculpture of the rostrum is entirely concealed, and this
may possibly be the case with the % when alive, but the covering is removed in the
single example of this sex.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; 2 ^ and i % taken.

(17) Dj-yophthorus verticalis, sp. nov.

Piceus, subrobustus. Rostri (?) pars praeantennalis nitida, fortiter distincte punc-
tata. Oculi sat magni. Pronotum grossius punctatum, antice fortiter constrictum.
Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitiis sat distinctis, secundo quartoque inaequaliter
elevatis et setulosis, postice fortissime declivia, fere verticalia. Long, (rostr. excl.)
3 — vix 4 mm. (Plate VIL fig. 20.)

The male of this species is at once distinguished from any other of the section by
its short robust form as seen in dorsal view, the elytra becoming wider at the base of
the posterior declivity than they are across the shoulders. Posteriorly they are strongly
vertical and of slightly recurved form. The female is less remarkable but it is more
robust and larger than the allied species. The rostrum is shining and strongly punc-
tured. In both sexes the sinuation of the 6th interstice of the elytra causes the 8th
to be distinctly visible in dorsal aspect, so that it evidently forms part of the lateral
outline. The second and fourth interstices are unevenly raised, or carinate, and
setulose.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.).

146 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Thallatodora, gen. nov.

Corpus subgracile, fusiformi- ovale, rugoso-sculpturatum. Rostrum elongatum, ad
insertionem antennarum fortissime curvatum, sive geniculatum, parte praeantennali
fortius dilatata. Antennae longe ante medium rostrum insertae, scapo elongato, funiculo
capituloque una conjunctis baud minus longo, funiculi 5-articulati articulo secundo
sequentibus evidenter longiore, capitulo brevi, robusto. Oculi subrotundi, fortiter
prominentes, in rostro, a capite distantes, siti. Pronotum elongatum, antice constric-
tum, elytris angustius. Scutellum vix discernendum. Tarsi breves, articulo tertio
bilobato, lobis parvis. Corpus totum subtus dense ac grosse punctatum ; coxae poste-
riores late, intermediae his minus late, anteriores intermediis minus late separatae,
haudquaquam tamen contiguae. Metasternum sat longum. Abdominis pars basalis
(sc. segmentum i et 2, quae parum distincte sunt divisa), mesosterno una cum meta-
sterno baud minus longa.

( I ) Thalattodora insignis, sp. nov.

Piceo-nigra, tarsis antennisque rufescentibus, opaca. Rostrum rugosum. Pronotum
elongatum, antice constrictum, lateribus parum fortiter rotundatis, grosse denseque
rugoso-punctatum. Elytra profunde striata, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis
asperis, punctulatis, setis brevissimis pallidis, uniseriatim dispositis. Long, (rostr. incl.)
3'5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. i; i«, antennae.)

Hab. Lanai. A single example taken under logs on the coast.

Pentarthrum Wollaston.

(i) Pentarthrum prolixum Sharp.

Pentartlirtiin prolixum Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 25.

Hab. Found on all the islands, living on tree-ferns. Varies greatly in size.

(2) Pentarthrum obscuriim Sharp.

Pentarthrum obscurum Sharp, /. c.

Hab. Oahu. Abundant in dead wood up to an elevation of 2000 ft. Often in
company with Phloeophagosoma and Pseudolus.

COLEOPTERA 147

(3) Pentarthrum blackbiirni Sharp.

Pentarthrum blackbtirni Sharp, /. c.

Hab. Oahu. Near Honolulu (Blackburn). I did not meet with this species.

Orothreptes, gen. nov.

Subfusiformis, haud gracilis, totus pube aurea vestitus. Rostrum elongatum, levius
curvatum, lateribus parallelis. Oculi magni convexi. Antennae breves, robustae, fere
ad medium rostrum insertae, scapo minus longo, funiculo 5-articulato, articulo primo
brevi, caeteris transversis, capitulo elongate. Pronotum latum, antice subconstrictum.
Tarsi breves, sat robusti, articulo tertio late bilobato. Coxae omnes sat late separatae,
sed posteriores et intermediae multo latius quam anteriores. Metasternum longum.
Elytra pronoto evidenter latiora. Scutellum patens.

Perhaps most nearly allied to Sericotrogus Woll., but differing greatly in its much
less narrow and elongate form, the less strongly curved rostrum, the pterygia being not
in the least outstanding, the larger but less prominent eyes, short wide prothorax,
shorter metasternum, and in many other respects. The lobes of the tarsi are very
largely developed, the apical joint is somewhat stout.

(i) Orothreptes callithrix, sp. nov.

Rufotestaceus, totus aureo-pubescens. Rostrum opacum, subtilissime punctatum,
lateribus parallelis. Pronotum sat latum, antice subconstrictum, densissime grossius
punctatum, lateribus rotundatis. Elytra profunde striata, striis haud distincte punctatis,
interstitiis confuse crebreque rugoso-punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) circ. 4 '2 5 mm.
(Plate VIII. fig. 2 ; 2a, antenna).

Hab. Hawaii. A single example taken in the Kona district (3000 ft.)

Deinocossonus, gen. nov.

Forma subcylindrico-fusiformi, totus pube demissa vestitus. Rostrum latum, breve,
a capite parum distincte divisum, medium postice longitudinaliter sulcatum, ad inser-
tionem antennarum subangustatum, ibique utrinque tuberculo munitum. Oculi per-
magni, convexiusculi, a pronoto distantes. Antennae ad apices oculorum insertae, ab
apice rostri distantes, funiculo 7-articulato, articulo primo caeteris, qui omnes sunt bre-
vissimi, longiore, capitulo sat robusto. Pronotum subelongatum, antice angustatum.

F. H. II. 20

148 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Elytra ac pronotum aeque lata. Scutellum conspicuum. Tarsorum articulus tertius sat
latus, bilobatus. Uncus tibiarum anteriorum apicalis validus. Femora robusta. Coxae
omnes late separatae. Metasternum satis longum. Abdomen subtus pubescens, fortiter
punctatum.

A genus, the species of which is of small size, and apparently without any allied
form known from elsewhere. It is very remarkable for the short wide rostrum, the very
large, but not prominent eyes, and the dense covering of golden pubescence. In the
testaceous colour, and the clothing, these insects have an extraordinary resemblance to
the insect, for which I have made the genus OrotJireptes, but that has a totally different
form of rostrum, and a 5-jointed funiculus, and differs in many other respects. Probably
in habits the two are identical.

Deinocossonus is a form of excessive rarity, or at least very difficult to procure, and
the pubescence is so easily removed, that I have been unwilling to subject the few
specimens taken to much manipulation.

(i) Deinocossomts nesiotes, sp. nov.

Angustus, testaceus, aureo-pubescens, capite rostroque nigris. Pronotum dense,
nee profunde punctatum, inter puncta subtilissime rugulosa. Elytra striata, striis obscu-
rius, plus minusve evidenter punctatis, interstitiis obscure punctulatis, et pubescentibus.
Femora anteriora supra testacea, parte inferiore nigricante. Long, (rostr. incl.), 2 '5 —
vix 3 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 3 ; 3a, antenna.)

Var. a. elytrorum striis haud evidenter punctatis, rostri parte apicali testacea.

Var. y8. rostro et capite nigris, femora omnia cum tibiis nigricantia.

Hab. Oahu. Two examples taken together at an elevation of 3000 ft. on Kaala
mountain. Var. a. Kauai, 4000 ft. ; Oahu, Waianae mountains. Var. ^. Hawaii.
One specimen at Kilauea.

Haloxenus, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum, gracile, fusiforme, haud pubescens. Rostrum latum, breve
subconicum (sc. lateribus ad apicem evidenter convergentibus), a capite minus distincte
divisum. Oculi rotundi, latissime separati, a pronoto sat distantes. Antennae paullo
ante medium rostrum insertae, funiculi 7-articulati articulo primo robusto, caeteris
longiore, secundo caeterisque brevissimis, capitulo sat magno, apice acumlnato. Pro-
notum elongatum antice angustatum, vix constrictum. Pedes sat robusti ; tarsi breves,
articulo tertio parvo, haud evidenter bilobato, articulo ultimo elongato, caeteris conjunctis
haud minus longo. Metasternum perlongum. Coxae omnes late separatae. Elytra
elongata, angusta, lateribus parallelis. Scutellum patens.

This genus comes nearest to Eutornns WolL, but has the rostrum narrowing to
the apex, and the point of insertion of the antennae is different.

COLEOPTERA 149

(i) Haloxenus immigrans, sp. nov.

Piceus, vel rufopiceus, subnitidus, elongatus, gracillimus. Rostrum basim versus
dense sat fortiter, ad apicem subtiliter punctatum. Pronotum fortiter punctatum, antice
sensim nee fortiter angustatum. Elytra striata, striis sat grosse punctatis, circum
suturam subtilissime punctulata. Long, (rostr. incl.) circ. 3 mm. (Plate VIII.
% 4-)

Hab. Molokai and Lanai coasts. Not rare under logs of drift-wood.

PsEUDOLUS Sharp.

(i) Pseudolus longulus Boheman.

Rhyncolus longiihts Boh., Eug. Res. p. 149.

Hab. Oahu and Maui. Abundant, and no doubt inhabits other of the islands,
at low elevations. On Cactus, Aletiriies, Musa, &c.

(2) Pseudolus Jiospes, sp. nov.

Niger, gracilis, elongatus, subnitidus. Rostrum confertim punctatum, parte prae-
antennali fortius dilatata. Pronotum elongatum, fortiter crebre punctatum, antice
fortiter constrictum. Elytra striata, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis
punctulatis, setas minimas pallidas ferentibus, et transversim subtilissime rugulosis.
Tarsorum articulus tertius, secundo evidenter latior, bilobatus, lobis parvis. Long.
6"5 mm.

Hab. Oahu. Four examples taken, two in Honolulu and two a short distance
outside.

This species has only been met with near Honolulu, and I suspect it has been
introduced. Generically it appears to be somewhat intermediate between Psetidolus
and Phloeophagosovia.

Phloeophagosoma Wollaston.
( I ) Phloeophagosoma tenuis Gemm.

Rhyncolus tennis Gemm. Mun. Cat. viii. p. 2667.
Rhyncolus gracilis Boh. Eug. Res. p. 149.

Hab. Oahu, up to 2000 ft. ; common. Hawaii, in Kona (2000 — 3000 ft.).

20 — 2

I50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Nesotocus, gen. nov.

Forma subfusiformi, statura magna. Rostrum cylindricum, perlongum, maris
rugose sculpturatum, saepissime spinulosum, feminae parte praeantennali laevi, nitida,
impunctata. Oculi magni, convexiusculi, a pronoto sat distantes. Antennae longissimae,
graciles, maris paullo ante vel fere ad medium rostrum, feminae longe post medium
insertae, funiculo (^) perspicue piloso, 7-articulato, articulis basalibus fortissime elongatis,
capitulo elongato, subfusiformi. Pronotum antice fortiter angustatum, truncato-conicum.
Scutellum patens. Pedes longissimi, femoribus anterioribus ^ gracilioribus, % robusti-
oribus et magis incrassatis, tarsorum articulo primo et secundo elongatis, tertio late
bilobato, articulo ultimo gracili elongato, apicem versus crassiore, unguiculis longis et
curvatis. Coxae anteriores (necnon etiam intermediae et posteriores) late separatae.
Metasternum sat longum, postice subangulariter emarginatum, medium longitudinaliter
impressum vel sulcatum. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale secundo paullo
longius, tertium una cum quarto hoc paullo brevius, segmentum apicale ^ latius $ minus
late rotundatum. Elytra et pronotum pube pallida decorata, hoc et illis subaequilatis.

There is apparently no known ally to the three remarkable insects for which the
above genus is formed. They all live in the wood of the tree Cheirodendron, and, I
believe, of another tree which has a considerable resemblance to that genus. In
superficial appearance the three species almost e.xactly resemble one another, and this
is rather that of Erirhinini than Cossonini.

( I ) Nesotocits imtnroi, sp. nov.

Niger, pubescentiae pallidae maculis ornatus, antennis tarsisque nonnunquam
rufescentibus. Rostrum $ (saltem in exemplis majoribus), rugoso-sculpturatum, utrinque
serrato-spinosum, in exemplis parvis vi.x plus quam simpliciter punctatum, % parte prae-
antennali laevi impunctato. Antennae t evidenter propius ad apicem rostri quam ad
oculos, % longe post medium rostrum insertae. Pronotum sat dense punctatum, antice
fortiter angustatum, conico-truncatum. Elytra striata, striis parum fortiter punctatis,
apicem versus compressa. Long, (rostr. incL), ^ majoris 21 mm., ^ minoris i2'5 mm. ;
% 15 mm.

Ill-developed males have the front femora more incrassate than large examples,
tending to resemble the % in this respect, as also to some extent in the smoother
rostrum.

Hab. Hawaii, Maui. Various localities on Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; Kohala,
Kau, Puna; Haleakala on Maui. This species was given to me, soon after my arrival
in the islands, by Mr G. C. Munro, who obtained specimens in the Kohala mountains,
and I have named it after this excellent ornithologist. A fragment (elytra and sternum)
found in the mountains of Molokai may belong to this species, but the pubescence is
more deeply yellow.

COLEOPTERA 151

(2) Nesotocus nczuelli, sp. nov.

Praecedenti cognatissimus. Differt statura majore, antennaruni scapi apice magis
incrassato, funiculo densius longiusque piloso, articulo secundo pro primo magis elongate.
Z- Long. 26 mm.

The single t of this species I believe to be distinct from N. muiu-oi, and not
merely a very large and finely developed example of that species. Besides the
characters given above the apical joint of the fnnicnlns of the antennae is nearly equal
to the basal portion of the club, which is clothed with sub-erect hairs (the apical portion
being densely covered with appressed pubescence). In N. munroi the apical joint of
the funiculus is very greatly shorter than the basal portion of the club.

Hab. Maui. A single example has been taken by Bro. Matthias Newell in the
lao valley.

(3) Nesotoctis kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Praecedentibus simillimus, niger, pubescentia flava ornatus. Differt ^ antennis
haud propius ad apicem rostri quam ad oculos insertis, % rostri parte postantennali
minus fortiter denseque punctata. Long. 13 — 16"5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 5.)

The ^ of this species is very distinct from either of the preceding, by the different
point of insertion of the antennae, this being nearly equidistant from the eyes and apex
of the rostrum. The % is much more difficult to separate, but the basal portion of the
rostrum appears to be smoother, and more finely and less closely punctured. In fresh
examples the pubescence is decidedly more deeply yellow, and that on the elytra is
rather more extensive.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.).

DvsoMMA, gen. nov.

Corpus sat gracile, cylindrico-fusiforme, haud pubescens. Rostrum elongatum,
leviter curvatum, pronoto longitudine subaequale, parte praeantennali basali parte sat
latiore. Oculi parvi, subobsoleti. Antennae longe ante medium rostrum insertae,
funiculi 7-articulati articulo basali elongato, secundo bis longiore, hoc tertio longiore,
capitulo elongato-ovali. Pronotum magnum, elongatum, elytris latius, antice fortiter
angustatum, vix constrictum. Uncus tibiarum anticarum apicalis validus. Tarsi brevi-
ores, articulo tertio parvo, lobis brevissimis. Unguiculi graciles, breves. Coxae omnes
late separatae, metasterno longo. Abdominis segmentum basale inter coxas posteriores
antice rotundatim productum. Elytra angustiora, lateribus subparallelis. Scutellum
patens.

152 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Dysomma sylvicola, sp. nov.

Elongatus, sat gracilis, colore castaneo, subnitidus. Rostrum subrugoso-punctatum,
setis brevissimis paucis vestitum. Pronotum dense aequaliter punctatum. Elytra
pronoto angustiora, striata, striis confertim punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim punctulatis.
Long, (rostr. incl.) 5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 6.)

Hab. Kauai. A single example taken in the mountains (4000 ft.).

Heteramphus Sharp.

(i) Heteramphus filiatni, sp. nov.

Latus, niger, opacus, tarsis antennisque rufescentibus. Pronotum latum, antice
angustatum, vix constrictum, creberrime punctatum, brevissime pubescens, dorso juxta
basim haud, vel vix evidenter, impresso. Elytra seriatim punctata, interstitiis usque
ad basim parcius sed distincte pallido-pubescentibus. Long, (rostr. incl.) 8 — 9 mm.
(Plate VIII. fig. 7.)

Closely allied to H. wollastoni Shp., but at once distinguished by the much more
densely punctured thorax, which is clothed with a short minute pubescence, and lacks
the basal impression of the allied species. The pale hairs on the interstices of the
elytra are not confined to the apical portion, but extend to the extreme base.

Hab. Oahu, in the mountains. Attached to the tree-fern ; only a few examples
taken, the species being much more difficult to procure than H. wollastoni.

(2) Heteramplms wollastoni Sharp.

HeterampJms wollastoni Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 188.

Hab. Oahu. Common in the mountains, but local. Lives at the bases of the
leaves of Astelia veratroides.

(3) Heteramphus foveatus Sharp.

HeterampJms foveattis Sharp, /. c.

Hab. Oahu. Common in the same localities as, and in company with, H.
wollastoni.

COLEOPTERA 153

(4) Hctcranipluis lialcakalae, sp. nov.

Piceus vel rufo-piceus, rostro, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus. Rostrum rugoso-
punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum subgrosse (antice
quam postice minus dense) punctatum, sat elongatum, minus latum, dorso juxta basim
leviter vel vix evidenter impressum. Elytra sat elongata, striata, striis parum fortiter
nee confertim punctatis, parce usque ad basim pubescentia. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 7 mm.

The general appearance and form of this species is that of H. foveatiis Shp., but
it is easily distinguished by the fact that it is more elongate, both the prothorax and
elytra being narrower, and the former has only a shallow, sometimes hardly perceptible,
impression near the base, and the punctures of the elytral striae are finer and more
feeble. It is also very closely allied to the following species.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; three examples ; taken from dead logs.

(5) HcterainpJms /rater, sp. nov.

Piceus vel rufo-piceus, rostro, antennis pedibusque plus minusve rufescentibus.
Rostrum rugoso-punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum grosse
punctatum, postice juxta basim profunde foveatum. Elytra minus lata, usque ad basim
parce pubescentia, striis minus fortiter punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 7 mm.

Somewhat intermediate between H. haleakalae and H. foveatns, the base of the
prothorax having a strong round impression. It is a narrower and more elongate
insect than H. foveatus, and has the striae of the elytra less strongly punctured. From
H. haleakalae it differs in the strong impression on the prothorax, and in the fact that
the shoulders of the elytra are capable of being more closely applied to the base of the
prothorax. The two examples taken do not agree well together, the one being more
bulky than the other, and having the thoracic puncturation coarser, while the punctures
of the striae of the elytra are finer and less closely placed. The smaller example has no
impression on the apical ventral segment of the hind-body, whereas in the larger this
segment is distinctly impressed, as is also the case with all the individuals of the
preceding species.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; very rare.

(6) HeterampJms molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Piceus, antennis, rostro pedibusque plus minusve rufescentibus. Rostrum distincte
punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum angustum, elongatum,
antice angustatum, vix grosse punctatum, parum evidenter pubescens. Elytra pronoto

154 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

paullo latiora, angustula, vix evidenter pubescentia, apicem versus rarissime setosa, striis
obscurissime obsolete punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 8.)

Most nearly allied to H. halcakalae, but at once distinguished by its much more
slender and elongate form.

Hab. Molokai mountains (4000 ft.). A single example taken out of wet moss in
June 1893.

(7) Hete7'ainplms cylindriais Sharp.

Heteramphus cylindriats Sharp, /. c. p. 189.

(Plate VIII. fig. 9 large form; fig. 10 small form.)

Hab. Oahu ; common, at the bases of the leaves and in the stems of Astelia.
Varies greatly in size, some examples being much larger and more robust than others.

(8) Hcte7-amphus hirtellns Sharp.

HeterainpJms hirtellus Sharp, /. c.

Hab. Oahu. A single e.xample was taken by Mr Blackburn in the mountains
near Honolulu. I have never met with this species.

(9) HeterainpJms kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Piceus, sat latus, nitidus, rostri parte basali, pronoto, elytrisque, dense pallide
setosis. Rostrum apicem versus dilatatum, nitidum, et subtiliter punctatum. Pronotum
sat latum, nitidum, dense grosseque punctatum, juxta basim obsolete impressum, linea
dorsali laevi. Elytra brevia, nitida, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis setis
longis flavescentibus vestitis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 5*5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 11.)

This remarkable species is allied to H. Jiirtcllus Shp., the rostrum, viewed from
in front, being widened at some distance before the insertion of the antennae on the
basal side, owing to the long outstanding pterygia. Its form is much the same as in
H. foveatus, but it might reasonably be considered as the type of another genus.

Hab. Kauai. A single example taken on the high plateau.

(10) Heteranipltus nivicola, sp. nov.

Nigro-piceus, opacus (capite cum pronoto absente), elytris apices versus setas
nonnullas ferentibus. Elytra distinctissime striata, striis remote nee grosse punctatis,
interstitiis baud convexis subseriatim rugoso-punctatis. Metasternum grosse punctatum.

COLEOPTERA

155

Abdominis segmentum basale subtus nitidum, grosse et remote punctatum, segmentum
2"", 3"" et 4" rugoso-punctata, segmentum apicale densius fortiter distincte punctatum.
Long. ?.

The genus of the insect above described is not certain, since the head, prothorax
and most of the appendages are wanting, but it is probably a true Hetcramphus. It
is easily distinguished from any of the other species, by the sculpture of the elytra and
the under-parts. The former are less wide at the base and comparatively more elongate
than those of H. foveatits (than which the species is of larger size), the striae are very
distinct and are wide apart, their punctures are somewhat fine, and especially on the
striae towards the sides, remote from one another, the interstices are not the least
convex, and are rather largely and rugosely and somewhat seriately punctured, so that
when looked along from the apex they even appear somewhat grooved or concave.
The humeral angles of the elytra are rounded off and indistinct. The abdomen beneath
is shining, the basal segment remotely and very strongly punctured, the three following
ones are rugosely punctate, the apical one strongly and closely, but less coarsely than
the basal one.

Hab. Maui. A single example in fragmentary condition was found near the
summit of Haleakala.

OoDEMAS Bohem.

(i) Oodeinas olindae Blackburn.

Oodemas olindae Blackburn, Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 199.

(Plate VIII. fig. 12, ?.)

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; i ^ and i % taken. Two examples, now in the
British Museum, taken by Mr Blackburn, are both $, and apart from sexual differences
agree closely with my <y. The % taken by me is less shining, the prothorax entirely
dull, and strongly punctured, but there is little doubt that it belongs to the same species.
The ^ differs from the $ in the shorter rostrum, and the very large second joint of the
anterior and intermediate tarsi, which are hardly less wide than the third joint.

(2) Oodeinas longirostre, sp. nov.

Nigrum, aenescens, elongato-ovale, nitidum. Rostrum longissimum, valde curva-
tum, apice fortiter dilatato, basali parte gracillima, subtiliter dense punctatum. Oculi
fortiter prominentes. Prothorax nitidus, sat elongatus, subtiliter punctatus. Elytra

F. H. II. 21

156 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

nitida, basi obscure marginata, antice obscure striata, striis grossius punctatis, interstitiis
crebre punctulatis, postice fortiter convexis. $. Long, (cum rostro) 7 mm. (Plate VIII.
fig. 13, I? ; I3«, anterior tarsus of ^.)

Very distinct from any other species ; most nearly allied to O. olindae. The
excessively long slender rostrum, which is much more strongly curved, will at once
distinguish it from that species. The two basal joints of the funiculus are much
the same in both species.

Hab. Kauai. A single % taken in the mountains (4000 ft.).

(3) O ode mas dilatatipes, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, elongatum, nitidum. Rostrum nitidum, subtiliter sat dense puncta-
tum, apice dilatato. Oculi fortiter prominentes. Antennarum articulus secundus et
tertius fortiter elongati, subaequales. Pronotum latum, antice fortiter angustatum,
subtiliter punctatum. Elytra seriatim (subgrosse) punctata, interstitiis convexis, sub-
tiliter punctatis. Tarsorum ^ intermed. et antic, articulus secundus aeque latus ac
tertius. Z- Long. 5 mm.

Black, slightly aeneous, shining. The Z (the only sex obtained), has the rostrum
long, strongly dilated on its apical portion, the surface shining, finely and densely
punctured. The eyes are very strongly convex, and prominent. Antennae with the
first joint of the funiculus long, the following hardly longer. The prothorax is wide,
strongly narrowed in front, and finely punctured. Elytra shining, with rows of
moderately large punctures, the interstices slightly and narrowly raised, or convex, and
finely punctured. The hind portion of the elytra is of the abrupt form usual in the
section, and the apical segments of the hind-body beneath are inclined to the basal part.
The femora are extremely stout, and the second joint of the front and intermediate
tarsi very wide.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains. A single t only taken. Differs from the ^ of
O. olindae Blk., in the shorter rostrum, the coarser puncturation of the striae of the
elytra, which are not distinctly margined at the base, etc.

(4) Oodemas nivicola Blackburn.

Oodemas nivicola Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 ft. to the summit), outside the forest. Common
and very variable in size, sculpture &c. Sometimes brightly shining, often quite dull.

COLEOPTERA 157

(5) Oodcmas costatiim, sp. nov.

Ovatum, robustum, nitide aeneum. Rostrum nitidum, subtiliter punctatum, apice
subdilatato. Antennarum articulus secundus et tertius fortissime elongati, fere aequi-
longi. Elytra seriatim punctata, interstitiis punctulatis, a basi usque ad apicem elytrorum
distinctissime costatis. Tarsorum antic, et intermed. (j) articulus secundus maximus,
articulo tertio baud minus latus. ^. Long. 5 '5 mm.

Ovate, shining, bronzy black. Rostrum shining, finely punctured, dilated at the
apex. Eyes convex, subprominent. Antennae with the first two joints of the funiculus
very long, subequal. Prothorax shining finely and feebly punctured. Elytra striate,
the striae strongly punctured, the interstices sharply raised from base to apex, giving
the elytra a ribbed appearance, and finely punctured. Second joint of the anterior and
intermediate tarsi of the ^ very large, about as wide as the apical width of the lobate
third joint, and rather longer than wide.

Hab. Kauai Mountains (4000 ft.). A very distinct species, of which only a
single $ was taken.

(6) Oodemas longicorne, sp. nov.

Ovatum, robustum, aeneum, nitidissimum. Rostrum sat longum, apice dilatato,
nitidum, subtiliter dense punctatum. Antennae longae, funiculi articulo primo fortiter
elongato, secundo hoc vel longiore. Prothorax latus, nitidus, subtiliter punctatus.
Tarsorum articulus secundus anticorum et intermediorum aeque latus ac tertius, et
hoc multo longior. Elytra grossius seriatim antice punctata, interstitiis obscure costato-
elevatis. Z- Long. 5 mm.

This species is closely allied to O. costahtm, but is very distinct by the sculpture
of the elytra, the interstices only showing a faint tendency to the costate form of that
species.

Hab. Kauai. Four examples (all $), taken on the high plateau.

(7) Oodemas ptinctulatissimtim , sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, ovale, robustum. Antennae testaceae, graciles, sat elon-
gatae, articulo secundo brevi, tertio minus fortiter elongato, sed .secundo longiore.
Rostrum nitidum, apice dilatato, fortiter deflexo, subtilissime punctatum. Oculi parum
prominentes. Prothorax latus, nitidus, subtilissime (vix evidenter) punctatus. Elytra
nitida, antice vix evidenter, postice paullo distinctius, striata, dense punctulata, apice
fere recurvo. Pedes rufotestacei ; tarsorum {$) anticorum et intermediorum articulus
secundus dilatatus, tertio vix minus latus. $. Long. 3 '5 mm.

21—2

158 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Remarkable in its group for the unusually short second joint of the funiculus which
though evidently longer than the short first joint is less elongate than in the allied
species, and for the dense puncturation of the elytra, the punctures on the striae (which
are hardly perceptible in front) being very little larger than those on the interstices.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains; i ^ taken in April 1892.

(8) Oodenias molokaiense, sp. nov.

Ovatum, nigroaeneum, nitidum. Rostrum dense subtilius punctatum, apice dilatato,
Oculi magni, prominuli. Antennarum articulus tertius fortissime elongatus, secundo
fere bis longior. Elytra minus fortiter seriatim punctata. Tarsorum (^) anticorum
articulus secundus permagnus, aeque latus ac tertius. Long. 3'5 — 4*5 mm.

(Plate VIII. fig. 14, ,? ; fig. \\a, anterior tarsus of ^.)

Ovate, aeneous, more or less shining, generally brightly so, of more or less robust
form. The rostrum is finely and closely punctured, its apical portion evidently dilated.
The eyes are large and somewhat prominent. Antennae long, slender, the second
joint of the funiculus very elongate, twice, or nearly twice, as long as the first.
Prothorax broad, much narrowed in front, finely punctured, obsoletely so in some
examples. Elytra with rows of fine punctures, sometimes with scarcely perceptible
striation in front, in others with evident striae, the interstices very finely, subobsoletely
punctured. Posteriorly the elytra are vertical, almost recurved, especially in the ^.

Second joint of the front and intermediate tarsi in the <? very large, as wide as
the lobate third joint, and rather longer. Apical ventral segments of the hind-body in
a plane inclined to that of the basal segments. Rostrum shorter than that of the $.

Two examples (<^, %) from Lanai have the elytra more strongly striated, the
punctures on the striae rather larger, and the interstitial puncturation rather more
developed.

Hab. Molokai (3000 — 4500 ft.); Lanai (2000 ft.). Rare. M}^\&di to O . pzmctula-
hsshnum, but readily distinguished by the longer second joint of the funiculus, and
the different puncturation of the elytra. The examples from Lanai might almost pass
as a distinct species.

(9) Oodenias chrysodortim, sp. nov.

Castaneum, nitidum, conspicue aureo-micans, ovale, elytrorum lateribus bisinuatis.
Rostrum longum, apice dilatato, rugoso-punctatum, saepe longitudinaliter carinatum.
Oculi perdepressi. Pronotum baud transversum, antice fortiter angustatum. Elytra
(antice saltern) obscure striata, striis saepe impunctatis, vel parce subtilissime punctatis.
^ tarsorum anticorum articulus secundus fere aeque longus ac latus, articulus tertius

COLEOPTERA 159

lobis magnis. Antennae crassiusculae, articulo 2° et 3° aut subaequalibus aut hoc

longiore. t %. Long. 375 — 5-2 mm.

(Plate VIII. fig. 15, $ ; fig. 15a, anterior tarsus of ^; fig. I'^b, of ?.)

This species is readily distinguished by its bright golden-brown colour, the long

rostrum (especially in the $), which has the apex slightly but evidently widened, and

the feeble sculpture of the elytra.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; lives in the stems of Rubtis viacraei.

(10) Oodcnias briinneum, sp. nov.

Anguste ovale, nitidum, brunneum, aureo-micans. Rostrum nequaquam dilatatum,
rugoso-punctatum. Oculi convexi, haud fortiter depressi. Antennae crassiusculae,
funiculi articulo secundo et tertio brevissimis, hoc illo longiore. Pronotum nitidum,
subelongatum, subtiliter nee dense punctatum. Tarsorum ^ anticorum articulus
secundus latior quam longior, tertio evidenter angustior. Elytra nitida antice vix
evidenter striata, seriatim subtiliter punctata, interstitiis etiam punctatis. ^. Long.
3-25 mm.

This species somewhat resembles the preceding in colour, but the rostrum, which
is not widened on the apical portion, the more convex eyes, the elytra much less
strongly rounded behind the shoulders, and their more distinct puncturation (the
punctures of the series are slightly larger than those of the interstices), will easily
distinguish it.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.); i <?.

(11) Oodcmas aipreum, sp. nov.

Ovale, plus minusve nitidum, cupreum. Rostrum sat longum, apice haud dilatato,
subtilissime punctatum. Antennarum funiculi articuli 2 basales parum longi, sub-
aequales. Pronotum subelongatum, antice angustatum. Elytra subtiliter striata,
seriatim, nee fortiter punctata, interstitiis sat crebre punctulatis. Long. 4 — 5 mm.

Elongate-oval, more or less shining, the elytra reddish or piceous, and of a distinct
copper colour. Legs and often the antennae reddish. Rostrum rather long, not
widened towards the apex, finely and more or less sparsely punctured. The two basal
joints of the funiculus of the antennae are short, stout and of about equal length.
Prothorax finely punctured, rather long and much narrowed in front. Elytra more or
less feebly striate, the punctures of the striae distinct, but not coarse, the interstices
with a much finer but distinct and more or less dense puncturation. The lobes of the
front tarsi are small in all the specimens examined, but it is uncertain whether the t sex
is represented.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 — 6000 ft.) ; rare.

i6o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(12) Oodemas crassicorne Blackburn,

Oode^nas crassicorne Blackb. Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 184.
The sexual distinctions are important in this species, the second joint of the front
tarsi of the ^ being much wider than that of the %.

Hab. Lanai Mountains (2000 — 3000 ft.). Not rare.

{^i^ Oodemas haleakalae, sp. nov.

Elongato-ovale, nitidum, aenescens. Rostrum rugoso-punctatum ; oculi parum
convexi. Antennarum articulo secundo brevi, tertio elongate. Pronotum baud trans-
versum, antice angustatum. Elytra antice levissime vel vix striata, lateribus bisinuatis,
striis subtiliter remote punctatis, interstitiis saepe crebre punctulatis, postice (prae-
cipue ?) sat convexis. Tarsorum ant. ^ articulus secundus transversus, tertius hoc
multo latior, lobis magnis. Long. 3 — 4*5 mm.

This species is closely allied to O. crassicorne, Blk. It varies greatly in size, small
males being only about half the bulk of the female, and in sculpture, the puncturation
of the elytra being much more developed in some examples than in others. It may be
distinguished from the allied species by the longer rostrum and less convex eyes, and
the former is generally more rugosely punctured, especially in the female. The rostrum
is generally more or less evidently widened towards the apex, and is often distinctly
carinate down the middle. The interstitial puncturation of the elytra is as a rule hardly
less developed than that of the striae. Towards the apex (especially in the $) the
interstices become rather strongly convex, the fourth, fifth and sixth terminating
somewhat abruptly at the same point, a character which will distinguish this species
from some others of very similar appearance (e.g. O. iarduni, Blk.).

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 — 6000 ft.) ; common.

(14) Oodemas montamim, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, ovale. Antennae crassae, scapo brevi, funiculi articulo
primo elongato, crasso, secundo subaequali. Rostrum nitidum, subfortiter punctatum,
apice leviter dilatato, fortius decurvato. Oculi convexi et prominuli. Pronotum sat
longum, subtilissime punctatum, antice fortiter angustatum. Elytra nitida, seriatim nee
grosse punctata, vix evidenter striata, interstitiis subtiliter minus dense punctatis.
(Sexus ?) Long, vix 4 mm.

This species very closely resembles O. tardum Blackb., but the very stout

COLEOPTERA i6i

antennae, the first and second joints of the funiculus being elongate, subequal, and
unusually stout, and the less punctured interstices of the elytra easily distinguish it.
The single example taken is probably a ^. The second joint of the front tarsi is short,
subrotundate, and much less wide than the bilobate third joint.

Hak. Kauai. A single example taken on the high plateau in August, 1S96.

(15) Oodevias tardum Blackburn.

Oodemas tardum Blackb. Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 184.

Several specimens taken on Haleakala I refer to this species, which in most
respects very closely resembles O. haleakalae (q. v.). It would appear to be somewhat
variable, but the material taken is quite insufficient for a proper understanding of the
species.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.). Rare.

(16) Oodemas obsairum Blackburn.

Oodemas obsairum Blackb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.
van substrictum Blackb. Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 200.

The characters afforded by the front tarsi of the Z are important for distinguishing
this species. The lobate third joint is unusually small and the lobes short, the second
joint is rather wide.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; not rare.

(17) Oodemas aequale Blackburn.

Oodemas aequale Blackb. Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 184.
Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.), where it is not rare.

(18) Oodemas apionoides, sp. nov.

Angustum, elongato-ovale, nigroaeneum, plus minusve nitidum. Rostrum puncta-
tum, parte apicali levissime dilatata, prae insertione antennarum sat evidenter decurvata.
Antennarum articulus secundus brevis, robustus, tertius huic subaequalis, vel paullo
longior. Pronotum elongatum antice sensim angustatum. Elytra subtilissime striata,
striis grossius remote punctatis, interstitiis parce (saepe subobsolete) punctatis. Tarsorum
anticorum (^) articulus secundus brevis, rotundus, tertius hoc multo latior, lobis parum
magnis. Z%- Long. 3—3-5 mm.

1 62 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

A rather variable species, the punctures on the striae of the elytra being decidedly
coarser in some examples than others, and sometimes also more numerous, and there-
fore less remote. The elytra are often of a bright bronzy colour. The t is shorter
than the ?, and readily distinguished by the less elongated rostrum. The striation of
the elytra is always very fine and sometimes hardly discernible in front. The widening
of the rostrum towards the apex is sometimes hardly perceptible, and its puncturation
is variable, being decidedly rugose in some examples.

Hab. Kauai Mountains (3000 — 4000 ft.). Not common.

(19) Oodemas affinc, sp. nov.

Praecedenti cognatissimum, rostro breviore, elytris fortius et confertius seriatim
punctatis distinguendum. $. Long. 3"25 mm.

Closely allied to O. apionoides. The rostrum is closely punctured, the apex some-
what strongly curved downwards, and it is evidently wider than that of the preceding
species. The first joint of the funiculus of the antennae is very short and stout, the
second rather longer than this. The prothorax is dull and remotely punctured, its
sides slightly convergent from the base to front. The elytra are shining, brassy,
distinctly striate ; the striae coarsely punctured, and not very remotely. The interstices
are distinctly but sparsely punctured. Second joint of the front tarsi (^) very small,
transverse, lobes ot the third small.

Hab. Kauai, Makaweli (2000 ft.) ; i t taken.

(20) Oodc)}ias parallchim, sp. nov.

Laete aeneum, nitidissimum, angustissimum. Antennarum articulus secundus
brevissimus, tertius fortiter elongatus secundo bis longior. Pronotum nitidum, antice
minus fortiter angustatum, subfortiter punctatum. Elytra nitidissima, subtilissime
striata, striis sat fortiter nee confertim punctatis, interstitiis parce distincte punctulatis.
Tarsorum anticorum ^ articulus secundus brevis transversus, tertius hoc multo latior,
lobis magnis. ^. Long, circa 3 mm.

This is a very distinct species. Its bright bronzy colour, very narrow form,
comparatively strongly punctured thorax, long second joint of the funiculus of the
antennae, &c., &c., readily distinguish it.

Hab. Oahu. A single ^ taken on Kaala (Waianae Mountains) in December,
1892.

COLEOPTERA 163

(21) Oodemas graciliforme, sp. no v.

Angustum, elongato-ovale, nitide aeneum. Rostrum subnitidum, subtiliter punc-
tatum, apice levissime dilatato, evidenter decurvato. Antennarum articulus secundus et
tertius elongati, subaequales. Pronotum hand transversum, antice fortius angustatum.
Elytra nitida, levissime striata, striis remote nee fortiter punctatis, interstitiis baud
crebre punctulatis, apicem versus elytrorum plus minusve convexis. Tarsorum ^
anticorum articulus secundus parvus, subrotundus, quam dimidia pars tertii vix latior,
hujus lobis baud magnis. Z%- Long. 375 — 4-5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 16.)

An elongate very narrow species of moderate size and bright bronze colour. The
rostrum is slightly widened towards the apex, and bent downwards from about the line
of insertion of the antennae. The first and second joints of the funiculus are elongate,
and subequal. The prothorax is generally shining, and varies considerably in its
puncturation, which is closer and stronger in some examples than others ; its form is
rather long and narrow, and it is much narrowed in front. The elytra are narrow,
shining, bright brass-coloured or golden, with very fine but evident striae, which are a
little deeper posteriorly, where the interstices are more or less convex. The punctures
on the striae are not at all coarse, and are remote ; the interstitial puncturation is much
finer than these, and not dense.

In the t the second joint of the front tarsi is small, about as long as wide, half the
width of the lobate third joint, which is transverse, and not largely developed.

This species is distinct by the very narrow elongate form, bright bronzy colour, the
subequal first and second joints of the funiculus of the antennae, fine striation of the
elytra, and the fine puncturation of the striae.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu ; rare.

(22) Oodemas ranmloruin, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, ovale. Rostrum baud dense subtiliter punctatum, apice
levissime dilatato, decurvato. Antennarum articulus secundus brevis, robustus, tertius
gracilis, elongatus. Pronotum opacum, subtilissime, nee dense, punctatum, antice an-
gustatum. Elytra nitidissima, plus minusve cupreo-nitentia, levissime striata, striis
subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis minus dense subtilissime punctulatis. Long. 3 — 375 mm.

The two examples of this small elongate-oval species were obtained from the pith-
cavity of a dry twig, resting side by side. It is probable that they may be the sexes of
one species, although they differ somewhat in shape &c. That which is probably the $
has the prothorax slightly shorter and wider, and of a dull brassy-green colour. The

F. H. II. 22

1 64 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

elytra are black, with a copper-coloured metallic tint. The second joint of the anterior
tarsi is small, the lobes of the following joint rather large. In the other example, both
thorax and elytra are of a very marked copper colour, the former is rather longer, and
the sides of the latter less strongly rounded.

Hab. Oahu. Mountains near Honolulu (3000 ft.) ; two examples taken.

(23) Oodemas leiothorax, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, ovale. Rostrum c/ breve, ? sat longum, apice baud dilatato,
distincte punctatum. Antennarum articulus secundus elongatus, tertio paullo {i) vel
multo (?) longior. Pronotum nitidum, subtilissime (vix evidenter) punctatum. Elytra
nitida, levissime (vix evidenter) striata, striis subtilissime remote punctatis. Tarsorum
anticorum c/* articulus secundus brevis, subrotundus, tertius lobis parvis. Z%- Long.
3-5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 17).

Apparently a very distinct species, by its antennae, the very feeble puncturation of
the thorax, and the delicacy of the series of punctures on the elytra. The metallic tint
of the latter is bronze-coloured and very distinct.

Hab. Kauai. High plateau ; 2 ^, i ? taken.

(24) Oodanas fiexirostre, sp. nov.

Ovale, nigroaeneum, nitidum. Rostrum fortiter punctatum, ante medium fortius
decurvatum, apice baud dilatato. Antennarum articulus secundus et tertius subaequi-
longi. Pronotum nitidum, sat distincte punctatum. Elytra nitida, levissime striata,
striis remote parum fortiter punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter, nee dense, punctatis. Tarso-
rum anticorum lobi parvi. ^ (?). Long. 3-5 mm.

Very similar to O. leiothorax in most respects, but distinguished by the more
strongly curved rostrum, the much more distinct puncturation of the prothorax, and the
less fine punctures of the elytra.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.). One example.

(25) Oodemas dubiosuni, sp, nov.

Nigroaeneum, ovatum, elytris (j) subnitidis. Rostrum (saltern in media parte)
parce punctatum, apice haud dilatato. Antennae graciliores, articulo funiculi primo et
secundo subaequilongis [$), vel hoc longiore ($). Pronotum latum antice fortius angus-
tatum, subtiliter punctatum. Elytra striata, striis subfortiter punctatis, interstitiis dis-
tincte punctulatis. Tarsorum anticorum $ lobi parvi. Long, vix 4 — 4^5 mm.

COLEOPTERA 165

Three examples taken in the same locality and at the same time are referred to
this species, although they do not agree very closely in some respects. I have regarded
the two smaller, and partly shining, examples as t. the larger, which is entirely dull, as
the ?.

The rostrum is narrow, the apex not at all dilated, the puncturation sparse
throughout, or at least down the centre. The antennae are slender, the first and
second joints of the funiculus in the ^ are not very elongate, subequal in length, or with
the second very slightly the longer. In the % the difference between them is more
pronounced, the first being evidently less long than the second. The prothorax is
wide, dull, or at least not brightly shining, and finely punctured. Elytra somewhat
shining in the J^, quite dull in the %, lightly striate in the former, much more distinctly
so in the latter, in which the punctures are decidedly coarse, more so than in the t-
The lobate third joint of the anterior tarsi is very small for the size of the species. The
metallic colour is more pronounced on the elytra than on the rest of the insect, and is
bronzy. The general form is rather robust, especially the %.

Hab. Kauai mountains (Makaweli, 3000ft.).

(26) Oodemas sh^iatuin, sp. nov.

Aeneum, elongato-ovale, nitidum. Rostrum subnitidum, crasse punctatum, apice
haud dilatato. Antennae crassiusculae, funiculi articulo primo secundo evidenter
breviore. Pronotum sat latum, dense punctatum. Elytra nitida, basi submarginata,
fortissime striata, striis confertissime grosse punctatis, interstitiis convexis, conspicue
punctulatis. Tarsorum anticorum lobi sat magni. (Ansexus?) Long. 4-5 mm. (Plate
VIII. fig. 26.)

This is a most distinct species of a bright bronzy colour and of elegant form, the
elytra narrowing very gradually to the apex at a distance not far from their base.
Their strong striation, with coarse close punctures, and conspicuous interstitial punctura-
tion, together with the shape of the insect, readily distinguishes it from all others.

Hab. Kauai. A single example taken in the mountains behind Lihue (3000 ft.).

(27) Oodemas piincticolle, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, oblongo-ovatum. Rostrum strigoso-punctatum, apice haud
dilatato. Oculi convexi. Antennarum articulus secundus brevis, tertius elongatus, illo
multo longior. Pronotum sat longum, crebre distincteque punctatum. Elytra nitida,
seriatim nee fortiter punctata, postice fere verticalia, apicibus late rotundatis, striis
obsoletis, interstitiis crebre conspicueque punctulatis. Tarsorum anticorum articulus
bilobatus parvus. (An sexus ?) Long. 4 mm.

22 — 2

1 66 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Apparently a very distinct species. The elytra are much more parallel-sided than
is usual in the genus (as in O. pulchrum, &c.), and are comparatively widely rounded at
the apex. The interstitial puncturation is very distinct, and the traces of striation are
very feeble even towards the apex. The metallic colouring is not very pronounced.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu. One example taken.

(28) Oodemas purpurascens, sp. nov.

Robustum, oblongo-ovatum, nitidum. Rostrum rugoso-punctatum, apice baud
dilatato. Antennarum articulus secundus brevis, tertius hoc multo longior. Pronotum
sat longum, subtiliter densius punctatum. Elytra nitida, metallescentia, parum distincte
striata, seriatim grossius foveolatim-punctata, interstitiis plus minusve, (nonnunquam
crebre), punctulatis. Tarsorum anticorum Z articulus tertius parvus. J $. Long.

4— 5"25 mm.

The head and thorax are black with little or no metallic colouring, the elytra are
very distinctly metallic, of a dark colour inclining to purple. The interstices are very
faintly, sometimes hardly perceptibly, convex, their puncturation in the single ^ is faintly
impressed and not conspicuous as in the two females examined, but of the latter one has
the interstitial puncturation considerably more strongly developed than the other. The
^ is much smaller than either of the females. The species appears to be most nearly
allied to O. puncticolle, from which it differs in the colour, in its more robust form,
coarser punctures of the elytra, which are less vertical behind, and more pointed at the
apex, &c.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.), 2 % ; near Makaweli (3000 ft.), i t-

(29) Oodemas pulchrum, sp. nov.

Elongatum, oblongo-ovatum, nitidum, laete aenescens. Rostrum Z breve, % sat
elongatum, rugoso-punctatum. Antennarum articulus secundus (praecipue $) fortiter
elongatus, tertius hoc longior. Elytra grosse seriatim foveolato-punctata, interstitiis
apicem versus subacute elevatis. Tarsorum anticorum Z articulus secundus brevis,
baud latior quam pars dimidia art. tertii. ^ %. Long. 475 — 6 mm. (Plate VI I L
fig. 18.)

Shining, elongate, oblong ovate, prothorax bronze-coloured, elytra bright metallic
green. Rostrum very short in the $, considerably longer in the female, rugosely punc-
tured. First joint of the funiculus of the antennae elongate, very strongly so in the ?,
the second joint generally still longer, but sometimes the two are nearly equal in length.
Prothorax shining, much narrowed in front, not very wide at the base. Elytra very
coarsely punctured, their surface brightly shining, the sides but little rounded, giving

COLEOPTERA 167

the insect a more parallel-sided appearance than is usual in the genus ; the striae on the
apical portion of the elytra are very deeply impressed, so that the interstices are narrow,
strongly convex, and almost sharp. In the ^ the second joint of the front tarsi is small,
short and transverse, about half as wide as the bilobate third joint.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.); rare. This is an extremely distinct species by its bright
metallic colour, its extremely coarse elytral punctures, and its general form. In the
latter respect the following species closely resembles it.

(30) Oodcvias oblongum, sp. nov.

Praecedenti affine, nigrum, nitidum, parum aenescens, oblongo-ovatum. Rostrum
opacum, rugoso-punctatum. Antennarum articulus tertius secundo longior. Pronotum
nitidum, subtiliter punctatum antice angustatum. Elytra seriatim fortiter punctata,
postice striis quam praecedentis minus fortiter impressis. J %. Long. 575 — 6'5 mm.
(Plate VIII. fig. 19.)

Similar in form to the preceding, black, and only slightly aeneous. The great
difference in colour separates the two at once, as well as the finer puncturation of the
elytra of the present species, the punctures though less coarse being more definite in
form, and the striae towards the apex are less deeply impressed, the interstices conse-
quently standing out less sharply. The interstitial puncturation is fine, more or less
dense, and very distinct.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.); rare.

(31) Oodeiiias grande, sp. nov.

Nigrum, robustum, ovatum, parum distincte aenescens. Antennarum articulus
secundus et tertius sat elongati, subaequales, vel hoc longiore. Rostrum rugoso-
punctatum. Pronotum latum, nitidum, subtiliter punctatum. Elytra nitida, seriatim et
confertim fortiter punctata, interstitiis dense et distinctissime punctulatis, postice haud
convexim elevatis, striis vix videndis. %. Long. 7 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 20.)

A large robust elongate-oval species, black, with a slight aeneous tint. The
rostrum is rugosely punctured, rather long in the ?, the sides nearly parallel, or slightly
converging from the base. The two basal joints of the funiculus are both long, sub-
equal, or the second the longer. The prothorax is very wide at the base, strongly
narrowed in front, the surface shining, finely but distinctly punctured. Elytra shining,
the striation excessively feeble even to the apex, the punctures of the series moderately
large and close, the interstices densely and conspicuously punctured.

Hab. Kauai (4000ft.); 2 % taken. A very distinct species distinguished by its
large size, elongate basal joints of the funiculus, the rows of large punctures on the
elytra and dense and distinct interstitial puncturation.

1 68 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(32) Oodemas corticis, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, plus minusve nitidum, elongato-ovatum, sat robustum. Rostrum
crebre punctatum, apice baud dilatato. Oculi convexi. Antennarum funiculi articulus
secundus primo longior. Pronotum latum, antice fortiter angustatum. Elytra crebre
punctulata, lateribus bisinuatis, punctis, quae majora sunt, seriatim dispositis, striis
parum distinctis, vel obsoletis. Lobi tarsorum anticorum parum magni. ^ %. Long.
5 — 7 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 2[.)

This species of which I have examined a great number of examples, is very
variable in almost every character. The rows of larger punctures on the elytra are
sometimes very distinct, with the punctures themselves closely set, sometimes much less
so, and the punctures remote from one another, or even for the most part obsolete.
These punctures are shallow and by no means coarse, but larger than those of the
interstices, which are nearly always well developed and distinct. Most examples have
the surface shining, some brilliantly so, others are nearly dull. In spite of the variation
exhibited, the species by its large size, and general form, &c., is one of those most easily
recognized on a casual inspection.

Hab. Lanai, Molokai mountains, and Maui on Haleakala. Very abundant under
the bark of trees.

^'^'^ Oodemas pachysoma^ sp. nov.

Ovatum, robustum, nigroaeneum, plerumque plus minusve nitidum. Rostrum
distincte punctatum, apice baud dilatato. Oculi convexi. Antennarum articulus secun-
dus et tertius subaequilongi. Pronotum latum, antice fortiter angustatum, subtiliter
punctatum. Elytra levissime vel vix striata, seriatim vix fortiter punctata, interstitiis
distincte subtiliter punctatis. Tarsorum anticorum utriusque sexus lobi parum magni.
t %. Long. 4-5 — 6 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 22.)

A rather distinct looking species, of robust form, and not brightly aeneous. The
rostrum in the ^ is rather short, and wide at the base, becoming narrower towards the
apex. The elytra are (at least in the <J) wide near the base, the sides being strongly
rounded from the shoulders. The sculpture is variable, consisting of rows of larger
punctures which are sometimes closely placed (i.e. the punctures in each row), but in
other examples are decidedly irregular. The interstitial puncturation is much more
dense in some examples than in others, but it is nearly always conspicuous. The lobate
third joint of the anterior tarsi is unusually small for the size of the species in both
sexes. The general surface is more or less shining, but there is considerable variation
in this respect.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.).

COLEOPTERA 169

(34) Oodcnias acohsoiiia, sp. nov.

Ovatum, nitidum, elytris $ aenescentibus, $ subcupreo-nitentibus. Rostrum $
brevius, nitidum, subtiliter punctatum, apice baud dilatato. Antennae graciles, articulis
2 basalibus funiculi elongatis, subaequilongis. Oculi convexi. Pronotum nitidum,
subtiliter punctatum, antice fortiter angustatum. Elytra nitida, crebre punctulata,
punctis quae majora sunt, seriatim dispositis, striis levissimis, vel obsoletis. Tarsorum
anticorum lobi mediocres. $ %. Long. 4 — 4'5 mm.

This species is closely allied to the two preceding, but is a smaller and more
shining insect. The puncturation of the elytra shows some variation, the punctures
which are disposed in series being considerably coarser in some examples than in
others, the density of the interstitial puncturation also varies.

Hab. Kauai, a few examples taken in the mountains at an elevation of 4000 ft.

(35) Oodevias aenescens Bohem.

Oodemas aenescens Boh., Eug. Res. p. 138, t. 2, f. 6.

(Plate VIII. fig. 23.)

Hab. Oahu and Lanai mountains. Remarkable for the extremely coarse punctu-
ration of the base of the abdomen beneath. The length of the first and second joints of
the funiculus of the antennae is a little variable, sometimes one and sometimes the other
being slightly the longer.

(36) Oodemas angustiim Blackburn.

Oodemas angustum Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (Blackburn).

{^l"]) Oodemas halticoides Blackburn.

Oodemas halticoides Blackb., Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 5.
Hab. Oahu mountains, 2000 — 3000 ft. (Blackburn).

(38) Oodemas robustiim Blackburn.

Oodevias robustum Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (Blackburn).

170 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(39) Oodemas insulare Blackburn.

Oodemas insulare Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 74.
Hab. Oahu (Blackburn).

(40) Oodemas sculpturatum Blackburn.

Oodemas sculpfurahim Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 74.

(Plate VIII. fig. 24.)

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.). Not rare.

(41) Oodemas nitidissinuim, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidissimum, ovale. Rostrum subtiliter crebre punctatum, apice
haud dilatato. Antennarum articulus secundus fortiter elongatus, tertio bis longior.
Pronotum nitidissimum, subtiliter subobsolete punctatum, latum, antice fortiter angus-
tatum. Elytra levissime (parum distincte) striata, striis remote subtiliter punctatis,
interstitiis conspicue punctulatis. Long. 3 "5 mm.

A very distinct species, easily known by the very long first joint of the funiculus of
the antennae, the highly polished surface, and puncturation of the elytra.

Hab. Oahu, a single example taken in the Waianae mountains in April 1892.

(42) Oodemas jjiauiense Blackburn.

Oodemas niauiense Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.

(Plate VIII. fig. 25.)

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (Blackburn). I have taken this species on Molokai and
Hawaii in some numbers. It varies greatly in size, and otherwise. Examples from
Hawaii are generally much more shining than those from Molokai.

(43) Oodemas borrei Blackburn.

Oodemas borrei Blackb., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 75.

This species is sometimes quite brightly shining, and varies greatly in size.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, above the forest. Commonly found in company with
O. nivicola (from 6000 — loooo ft.), attached to roots of grasses and low plants.

COLEOPTERA 171

(44) Oodenias konamim, sp. nov.

Ovatum, robustum, nigroaeneum, opacum vel minus nitidum. Rostrum strigoso-
punctatum. Antennae graciles, minus breves, articulo funiculi primo brevi, quam
secundus evidenter breviore. Pronotum basi latum, opacum (rare subnitidum) subtiliter
punctatum. Elytra sat lata, subopaca, rarius nitida, grosse seriatim punctata, plerumque
obscure vel vix evidenter striata, interstitiis nonnunquam convexiusculis, haud dense
punctulatis. Long. 5 — 6 mm.

A large, wide, and robust species, generally dull, with the elytra a little shining,
sometimes quite brightly so. The rostrum is so punctate as to have an appearance of
longitudinal strigosity, but in some examples this is less evident. Prothorax generally
quite dull from the microscopic rugulosity of the surface, finely, obscurely, and remotely
punctured. In a few examples the puncturation is more evident. Elytra with series
of coarse punctures, sometimes placed in evident striae, owing to the slight but evident
convexity of the interstices, but the striation is vague and shallow. In many examples,
however, there is little or no trace of interstitial convexity. The metasternum and base
of the abdomen beneath are coarsely punctured. In spite of the variation in detail of
the sculpture, this species is not difficult to recognize, by its large size and robust form,
and the more or less dull surface. It is perhaps most nearly allied to O. scidpturahiin,
but that species is of shorter and more subquadrate form, and generally has the
interstices of the elytra more distinctly convex.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona district (4000 ft.). About 40 examples were taken.

(45) Oodenias rnultifornte, sp. nov.

Nigroaeneum, nitidum, ovatum. Antennae sat graciles et elongatae, articulo
funiculi primo minus elongate, quam secundus breviore. Elytra nitida, seriatim sat
grosse punctata, interstitiis punctulatis. Long. 3 — 5 mm.

To the above species I refer all the specimens of Oodenias taken by me on Hawaii,
except the series of O. konanuni and a few specimens, which I consider a variety of that
distinct species O. mauiense. If I am right in my conclusions, the variation exhibited
by O. multiforme is much greater than that of any other species, so much so that the
extreme forms would not only appear to be totally distinct, but not even very closely
allied. When, however, a great many examples are compared, these extreme forms are
so connected by intermediates, as to make it impossible to decide where any line
of separation can be drawn. For this reason we have not attempted to draw up any
detailed description of the species, as such could apply to but a fraction of the examples
we have examined. Indeed apart from generic characters, there are probably none
which do not exhibit more or less variation. The brief description given above applies
to a common form of the insect, and a number of this form were taken at Kilauea,

F. H. II. 23

172 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Hawaii. The chief points of variation which we have observed are as follows. Size
very variable, the largest examples being three or four times the bulk of the smallest.
Form sometimes robust, sometimes narrow and elongate, to some extent the variation
being probably due to sex, as it is usual in other species for the ^ to be shorter and
wider than the %. In some the elytra become a good deal wider either a little behind
the shoulders or still further back, while in some the curve of their sides is very even and
forms an almost regular continuation of that of the sides of the prothorax. The surface
of the insect is normally shining, others are less so, especially anteriorly, some are rarely
quite dull. The rostrum varies in sculpture, sometimes it is finely and by no means
closely punctured, sometimes the puncturation is dense and rugose. The antennae,
which are slender, are not extremely variable, but they are longer in some examples
than in others, and there is no doubt that some have the first joint of the funicle more
slender and less short than others. The prothorax varies in width and in sculpture,
generally it is finely punctured, sometimes more strongly and closely, sometimes very
shining and almost or quite impunctate. The elytra are rarely dull, but frequently
instead of being merely seriately punctured, they have the punctures placed in evident
striae, and the individual punctures of the rows are often remote, but sometimes close
and regular, even in those near to the suture. Small examples from the Kona district
are often excessively shining and have the puncturation of the elytra much more sparse
and irregular. The eyes which normally are a little convex in a few specimens are
hardly so at all.

We have attempted the division of the species on nearly all these characters and
on minute differences in the rostrum, with the result that we have found that either a
number of species must be made, with very indefinite distinctions between them, or that
the whole series must be considered as one very variable species, which is possibly at
the present time in the process of dividing into several, the division as yet being quite
incomplete. It is of course possible that extended research into the habits etc. of some
of these forms might prove that the views we hold are erroneous, and that there are
really several variable species.

Hab. Hawaii, taken in various localities on both sides of the island from
2000 — 5000 ft.

(46) Oodemas infermim Blackburn.

Oodemas infernum Blackburn, Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 199.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Blackburn). I think it doubtful whether this is not a
form of the preceding species, but as Mr Blackburn in his final consideration of the
species (Tr. Dublin Soc. 18S5, p. 187) includes it in those, which have a long first joint
to the funiculus, whereas O. multiforme appears to belong to those which have this joint
short, I have thought it safer to consider the two distinct.

COLEOPTERA 1 73

Anotheorus Blackburn.

(i) Anotheorus montamcs Blackburn.

Anof/ieortis montanus Blackb., Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 5.
Hab. Oahu mountains, on Acacia koa.

(2) Anotheorzis ignavus Blackburn.

Anotheorus ignaims Blackb , op. cit. xvii. p. 201.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; var. on Lanai ; rare. This species
approaches very closely to the preceding, and both vary in the shape of the thorax,
and it is doubtful whether they are distinct. The Maui examples are most variable, and
a single specimen from Lanai agrees better with these than with the Oahuan form.

(3) Anotheorus robustus, sp. no v.

Nigroaeneus, robustus, antennis tarsisque plus minusve testaceis. Rostrum sub-
tilissime punctatum. Pronotum antice angustatum, plerumque nitidum, elytris multo
angustius. Elytra lata, striata, striis confertim punctatis, interstitiis creberrime punctu-
latis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 8'5 mm. Lat. (exempli minim.) 3 mm. (Plate VIIL
fig. 27.)

Although this species, of which I have examined 80, or more, examples, varies
greatly in size, and sometimes in sculpture, its great size distinguishes it at once, the
smallest examples being of about twice the bulk of either of the preceding.

Hab. Kauai mountains ; common.

Fam. SCOLYTIDAE.

The Scolytidae are represented by twenty-six species, three only being at present
known to inhabit other countries, although some of the others will no doubt ultimately
be found to be likewise of foreign origin. Only three genera are represented, Xyleborus
with 19 species being the most extensive and important. There are six species of
Hypothenemus known, and one of Crossotarsus. The latter, C. externedentatus, is
already known to occur elsewhere, as also is the Hypothenemus eruditus, and one of

23—2

174 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Xyleborus {X. confiisus). The greater number of the species of Xyleboriis and Hypo-
thenemus are true forest insects and are no doubt peculiar to the islands. Owing to the
extreme sexual differences exhibited by the species of Xylebortis it is impossible in most
cases to unite the sexes from a mere inspection of the specimens, so that it is probable
that some of the males described will prove to belong really to females described under
another name, and therefore the species will be less numerous than they appear to be.
So far as is at present known most of the species of this genus are restricted each one
to a single island, and of those with a wider distribution some I suspect are not truly
indigenous — X. iviniaturtis for example — and will prove to have been imported by man.
The species assigned to Hypothenenius are at present very imperfectly known, and
would appear to be rare insects, and it is doubtful whether, excluding H. erudiius, they
are true members of that genus. It may be remarked that in addition to the species
here enumerated a small Scolytid has been recendy imported into the islands, and is said
to be very injurious to certain fruit-trees in some localities, but I neglected to collect or
examine this insect.

Tribe TOMICINI.
Xyleborus Eichh.

( I ) Xyleboriis molokaieiisis, sp. nov.

Elongatus, cylindricus, piceo-niger, setis aureis elongatis postice sparsim vestitus.
Elytra subopaca, sat distincte seriatim punctata, parte declivi juxta suturam utrinque
tuberculis minutissimis 2 vel 3, lineariter dispositis, munita. $. Long. 4' 25 mm.

Distinguished by its large size and dull elytra, which bear on the apical declivous
portion two or three very minute tubercles on each side of and near to the suture, and
placed nearly in a line with one another. From the base of each of these tubercles
springs a long fine golden seta. Exterior to each of these series of tubercles may often
be detected one or two other excessively minute ones on either wing-case, and the
general surface of this posterior portion of the elytra under a very strong lens is
minutely asperulous.

Hab. Molokai, above 4000 ft. In the wet decaying wood of Cheirodendron.

(2) Xyleborus kmiaiensis, sp. nov,

X. molokaiensi magnitudine et forma simillimus, elytrorum parte postica declivi
similariter tuberculis munita, sed colore testaceo vel rufo-testaceo, elytris sat evidenter
nitentibus distinguendus. %. Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu and above Waimea (4000 ft.). Four examples taken.

COLEOPTERA 175

(3) Xylcborus maiiiensis, sp. nov.

AngListus, elongatus, cylindricus, niger, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Elytra vix
nitida, seriatim punctata, puncturatione minus distincta, subobsoleta, postice setis pallidis
pluribus vestita, parte declivi suturam juxta tuberculis 4 vel 5 minutissimis, lineariter
dispositis, utrinque munita, et ubique minutissime sat distincte asperula. $. Long.

3"2— 3"5 mm.

Closely allied to X. molokaiensis but much smaller and narrower, and with the
posterior declivous portion of the elytra with more numerous setae. This area has also
the appearance of being covered with rows of longitudinal and very minute asperities,
apparently due to the mode in which the punctures are impressed. The tubercles are
very minute, and form a row on each side near the suture, in each of which rows 3 to 5
tubercles can be distinguished on careful examination. The better developed ones are
usually those in the middle of the series. On either side exterior to these rows other
very obscure and minute tubercles may be sometimes distinguished.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.). On Cheirodendron.

(4) Xyleborus hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Niger, antennis pedibus testaceis, haud nitidus, X. ;;/a;//r«.f?' cognatissimus. Elytra
opaca, subobsolete seriatim punctata, parte declivi suturam juxta tuberculis minutissimis
2 vel 3 lineatim utrinque armata, pilis brevioribus parum conspicue vestita, vix asperula.
%. Long. 3 mm.

Apparently slightly less elongate than X. mauiensis, but extremely similar to it in
nearly all respects. It may be distinguished from that species by the decidedly less
hairy apical surface of the elytra, the hairs being less evident than those on the dorsal,
and the general surface of the declivous portion is moreover not distinctly covered with
very minute asperities.

Hab. Hawaii, Hilo (2000 ft.) ; four examples taken.

(5) Xyleborus trjmcatns Sharp.

Xyleborus triincatus Sharp, Tr. Dublin .Soc. iii. 1885, p. 192.

The elytra of this species are evidently shining, and it is smaller than any of the
preceding. I have seen only two examples besides the types, and they are both darker
than the latter, but otherwise nearly identical.

Hab. Oahu (Blackburn). Lanai, Hawaii, in the Kona district; one from
each locality.

Obs. The five species enumerated above are extremely closely allied, and almost
agree together in the character of the tubercles on the apical portion of the elytra, but
so far as I can decide on the scanty material e.xamined, the various forms are readily

176 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

distinguished by the characters given. It may be noted that four of the species
apparently are Hmited in range to one or other of the islands, while the fifth has been
taken on three different islands. Of this group of species I have further seen three
examples, which appear to belong to none of the forms described above, nor yet do they
agree together themselves, but the material is quite insufficient for deciding as to the
specific value of the characters they exhibit.

(6) Xyleborus obliquus Sharp.

Xyleborus obliquus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 18S5, p. 192.

Hab. Oahu and Hawaii (Blackburn) ; I have not met with this species.

(7) Xyleborus lanaiensis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, parum nitidus, elongatus, cylindricus, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Elytra subtiliter minus distincte punctata, postice sat abrupte declivia, parte declivi
utrinque suturam juxta tuberculis 2 fortioribus lineatim munita, et subdepressa. $.
Long. 3 "6 mm.

Readily known from any of the preceding by the stronger development of the four
tubercles of the posterior declivous portion of the elytra, these tubercles being placed
two in a line on each side of and near to the suture, the upper pair near the com-
mencement of the declivity, the others near the apex. From the base of each pos-
teriorly springs a long fine seta, directed downwards and backwards. Outwardly to
these larger tubercles there are on each wing-case one or two considerably smaller
ones.

Hab. Lanai 2000 ft., January 1894. Three or four examples taken.

(8) Xyleborus similliimis, sp. nov.

Praecedenti (X. lanaiensi) simillimus et cognatissimus, parte declivi elytrorum
eodem modo armata. Elytra subnitida, distinctius et minus subtiliter punctata, tuber-
culis 2 superioribus setas breviores ferentibus. ?. Long. 3 '4 mm.

Extremely like X. Ianaie7isis, but the elytra are somewhat striate, and the punctures
are decidedly larger and more distinct, the surface somewhat shining. Apical armature
much as in X. lanaiensls, the four larger tubercles being well-developed and there are a
minute pair anterior to the upper pair of these, but these may be more or less evident
in the preceding species also. The setae which spring from the base of the anterior
pair of the larger tubercles are evidently less developed than those in the same position
on X. lanaiensis.

Hab. Hawaii, above Hilo (1800 ft.); two examples taken.

COLEOPTERA

(9) Xyleborus oahuensis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, antennis pedibusque testaceis, spp. duabus praecedentibus simillimus,
sed paullo major. Elytra subtilissime sed subdistincte punctata, subnitida, parte declivi
depressiuscula, tuberculis 6 sat distinctis, setas longas ferentibus, armata, horum 4
anterioribus curvatim dispositis. %. Long, vix 4 mm.

Very like the preceding two species, having four well-developed tubercles similarly
disposed on the posterior portion of the elytra, two in a line on one side and two so
placed on the other side of and near to the suture. Behind the anterior tubercles on
either wing-case towards the side there is another distinct tubercle, these two and the
anterior pair being placed in a curve. These sublateral tubercles are well-developed
but smaller than the anterior and about equal to the posterior pair in size. From the
base of each of the tubercles posteriorly a long fine seta rises. There are no evident
smaller tubercles in this species.

Hab. Oahu. A single e.xample was taken in the northern part of the Koolau
rang-e, at an elevation of about 1000 ft.

(10) Xyleborus ditbiosus, sp. nov.

Castaneus, subnitidus, pedibus antennisque testaceis. Elytra subtilissime seriatim
punctata, parte declivi minus abrupta, tuberculis 2 minus fortibus lineariter dispositis
utrinque juxta suturam armata, necnon latera versus utrinque tuberculis aliis minutioribus
2 vel 3 lineariter dispositis munita, setis brevioribus. %. Long. 3 "5 mm.

The single example above characterized is a very obscure species. The four larger
tubercles of the posterior declivous portion of the elytra are less strong than those of
the several preceding species, yet more so than those of the series ending with
X. truncaius. In front of the anterior pair of these there is a third pair smaller and ill-
developed, and in a line with the others. They are situated close to the suture just at
the beginning of the posterior declivity, and in the unique example are placed quite
obliquely and not opposite the one to the other. Besides this series there is a second
one of about three minute tubercles on each wing-case towards the side.

Hab. Maui. A single example was taken in the lao valley in 1894.

(11) Xyieboriis confustis Eichhoff.

Xyleborus confusus Eichhoff, Ratio, Descr. emend. Tomicinorum (1S79).

Xyleborus insularis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 193.

Hab. Oahu and Kauai (Blackburn) ; Oahu (both ranges), Maui, Kauai, Hawaii.
At elevations from 1500 — 4000 ft. above sea-level. We are indebted to Mr W. F. H.
Blandford for the identification of this species.

178 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(12) Xyleborus rugatus Blackb.

Xyleborus 7'ugatus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. (1885), p. 192.
Hab. Oahu. A single specimen taken. (Blackburn.)

(13) Xyleborus frigidus Blackb.

Xyleborus frigidus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 193.

Hab. Maui. A single specimen taken on Haleakala, 4000 ft. (Blackburn.)

(14) Xyleborus ininiaturus Blackb.

Xyleborus immaturus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 193.

I have taken what is probably the t of this insect. It is testaceous or rufotesta-
ceous in colour, but otherwise bears no resemblance to the $. Form short and robust,
the whole insect hardly twice as long as wide, longitudinally convex. Thorax very
narrowly rounded, or somewhat pointed, in front, of ovate form, truncate at the base.
The sculpture is very feeble, and there is none of the coarse rugosity in front such as is
seen in the $, and the clothing there consists of shortish and inconspicuous hairs.
Elytra short, rather longer than wide in dorsal aspect, rather distinctly substriate, the
striae finely punctured. There are no evident tubercles on their posterior portion.
Length hardly 2 mm.

Hab. Oahu and Hawaii (Blackburn) ; Hawaii in various localities.

(15) Xyleborus agaiiius, sp. nov.

$ castaneus, parum elongatus, tibiis omnibus plus minus obscuratis, tarsis pallidis.
Pronotum magnum, antice acuminatum, ruguloso-punctatum, anterius et latera versus
pilis longis vestitum, lateribus sat fortiter rotundatis. Elytra parce pilosa, desuper
visa longiora quam latiora, haudquaquam striata, obscure confuse punctata, lateribus
subcompressis. $. Long. 2 mm.

The form of the thorax is much like that of the $ assigned to X. immattirus, but
its sculpture and clothing are very different, as also is the colour of the entire insect.
The elytra are different in form and sculpture, having no trace of striation, and the
punctures are very feeble and indistinct.

Hab. Lanai. Two examples were taken at an elevation of 3000 ft. in Jan. 1894.

COLEOPTERA 179

(16) Xyleborus exsectus, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elytrorum basi nonnunquam rufescente, pedibus antennisque rufes-
centibus vel testaceis. Pronotum suboblongum, antice sat profunde excisum, et in
processum latum, cujus apex truncatus, productum, lateribus pilis vestitis. Elytra
leviter striata, striis subtiliter punctatis, setis parce vestita, parte declivi baud tuber-
culata. 1^. Long. 3 '2 mm.

Hab. Maui. Three examples taken on Haleakala (5000 ft.). One of these is of
a testaceous colour and is no doubt immature.

( I 7) Xyleborus viilcanus, sp. nov.

$ nigricans, elytris thoracisque basi subpiceis, pedibus testaceis, oblongus. Pro-
notum parum distincte sculpturatum, elytris vix latius, lateribus parallelis, setis elongatis
aureis parce vestitis, anterius excisum, et in processum triangularem productum. Elytra
sat elongata, rugulosa, vix evidenter punctata, parte declivi tuberculo minutissimo
suturam versus utrinque munita. $. Long. 2'5 mm.

Much smaller than the preceding species, and very distinct by the pointed process
of the pronotum. The posterior declivous portion of the elytra is somewhat abrupt,
and on its upper portion on either side of the suture an excessively minute tubercle can
be seen, each of which is furnished with a longish seta at its base, while some even
more minute and hardly visible tubercles are placed in a transverse line with these.

Hab. Hawaii. A single example taken at Kilauea.

(iS) Xyleborus littoralis, sp. nov.

$ castaneus, pronoto plus minus nigricante, pedibus testaceis, oblongus. Species
prima facie X. vtilcano simillima, sed major, et minus angusta, pronoto antice fere
similariter producto. Elytra substriata, grossius distincte seriatim punctata, parte
declivi juxta suturam utrinque tuberculis minutissimis 2 vel 3 lineariter dispositis,
aliisque paucis vel minutioribus et obscuris, munita. Z- Long. 3 mm.

Easily distinguished from A', viilcaims by the substriate and somewhat coarsely
punctured elytra, and the more numerous and rather more developed tubercles of the
posterior truncation. These tubercles form two series on each side, those nearest the
suture, though very minute, being fairly distinct, those external and subparallel to these
are very minute and obscure.

Hab. a single example taken at sea level on Molokai, July 1893.
F. H. II. 24

i8o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(19) Xyleboriis ignobilis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, thorace nonnunquam obscure testaceo vel piceo, antennis pedibusque
testaceis. Pronotum fere ad basim rugulosum, antice setis pallidis vestitum, lateribus
rotundatis haudquaquam parallelis. Elytra plus minus obsolete seriatim punctata,
setis pallidis brevibus, lineariter dispositis, vestita, postice baud abrupte declivia, parte
declivi tuberculis nullis munita, nee impressa. Long. 27 mm.

This insect bears little resemblance to any other Hawaiian species of the genus,
the elytra being simply rounded off behind and not at all abrupt, nor tuberculated, but
sculptured as on the dorsal surface. The prothorax becomes gradually less rough
from the front margin backwards, but it is more or less asperulous or rugulose to
very near the basal margin, near which the rugulosities have a somewhat concentric
arrangement.

Hab. Hawaii. Three examples taken, each in a different locality, two on the
windward and one on the lee side of the island (2000 ft.).

Hypothenemus Westw.

(i) Hypothenemtis eriiditus Westw.

Hypothenemus erudihis Westwood, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, i. p. 34 ; Sharp, op. cit.
1879, p. 102.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu (Blackburn).

(2) Hypothenemus viaadicolhs Sharp.

Hypothenemus maculicollis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, Pt. I. p. loi.

Hab. Oahu ; mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn). I did not collect this
species.

(3) Hypothenemus griseus Blackb.

Hypothenemus griseus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 194.

Hab. Oahu ; a single specimen taken on the plains near Honolulu (Blackburn).

COLEOPTERA i8i

(4) Hypothcncimis sylvicola, sp. nov.

Minus elongatus, cylindricus, pallide testaceus, capite et pronoto plus minusve
infuscatis. Pronotum subtilissime granulato-sculpturatum, parte anteriore asperata,
opacum, parce pubescens. Elytra pallida, setis pallidis vestita, subtilissime vix evi-
denter punctata, baud evidenter striata. Long, i '5 mm.

In colour this species must greatly resemble H. griseus Blk., but that species has
the elytra deeply striate. In some examples the asperities of the prothorax are but few,
in others they are much closer and more numerous, and I suspect that the difference is
sexual. The sculpture otherwise is excessively feeble and consists of a very dense
and excessively minute granulation or puncturation, not definitely distinguishable even
with a very strong lens. The clothing of the elytra consists of short pale setae, which
in certain aspects appear to have a linear arrangement, and also of some longer fine
hairs, which are particularly noticeable at the sides about the apex.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. several examples. — Kauai, 4000 ft., one example taken.
The latter has the thorax entirely pale and concolorous with the elytra.

(5) Hypothenemus insularis, sp. nov.

Cylindricus, angustulus, sat elongatus, niger, antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-
testaceis. Pronotum anterius fortiter asperulum et parce setosum, posterius opacum,
subtilissime granulatum (an punctulatum ?). Elytra setis brevibus griseis conspicue
vestita, sat elongata (circa bis longiora quam basi latiora), evidenter punctata. Long.
I — I "4 mm.

Allied to H. ruficeps, but very different in superficial appearance, owing to its
entirely black colour. The punctures on the elytra are not so very fine, but they are
ill-defined. Apparently they are more or less serially arranged, but not in the definite
manner seen in the last species, in fact the puncturation appears somewhat rugose.

Hab. Kauai. Two examples were taken at Makaweli, above 2000 ft.

(6) Hypothenemus ritjiceps, sp. nov.

Cylindricus, sat elongatus, capite et pronoto rufescentibus, elytris nigris. Pronotum
anterius sat fortiter asperulum, postice opacum et parum distincte sculpturatum, parce
pubescens. Elytra nitida, setis brevibus griseis sat conspicue (postice saltem) vestita,
subobsolete striata, striis subgrosse punctatis. Long, i "5 mm.

Distinct by the red head and prothorax, and black elytra. The punctures on the
latter are somewhat coarse but not very definite, and are placed in subobsolete striae.
The short whitish setae are dense and conspicuous on the posterior portion of the
elytra, less so in front, but they have been partly abraded on this part.

Hab. Oahu ; Kaala, Waianae range (2000 ft.) ; one example taken.

24 — 2

1 82 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Tribe PLATYPINI.

Crossotarsus Chapuis.

(i) Crossotarsus externedentatus Fairm.

Crossotarsus externedentattis Fairmaire, Rev. Zool. 1S50, p. 51.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu (Blackburn). — I cut a pair of this species out of a
hard trunk of Acacia koa, at an elevation of 1000 ft. in the northern part of the
Koolau range.

Fam. ANTHRIBIDAE.

The Anthribidae are very poorly represented in the islands, only three species
having occurred. Two of these species are at present not known from elsewhere,
and one of them constitutes a peculiar genus, but there is little doubt that all are foreign
insects, and will ultimately be found in other countries.

Araeocerus Schonherr.
(i) Araeocerus fasciculatus De Geer.

Ctirculio fasciculatics De Geer, Ins. v. 276, /. 16, fig. 2.

Hab. Abundant all over the islands in the mountains. The large number of
constant varieties in markings, as well as the great variation in size of this species is
remarkable.

(2) Araeocerzis const an s, sp. no v.

A. fasciculato simillimus sed statura majore, totus dense griseo-pubescens, haud
variegatus, tarsis anterioribus t robustioribus, et tarsis % longioribus distinguendus.
Long, circa 5 mm.

Very closely allied to A. fasciculatus, but larger than the larger examples of that
species, not varying much in size, and uniformly covered with dense grey pubescence.
In colour the integument is blackish and reddish fuscous, the antennae towards the
base and the tibiae are more or less red. When the pubescence is removed, the
pronotum is seen to be dull and very densely punctured, and the elytra bear each about
ten rows of very distinct and regular punctures, the interstices having a dense shallow
and very minute rugulose puncturation. Both sexes may be distinguished structurally
from A. fasciculatus by the thicker anterior tarsi, so that the t of the latter rather
resembles the % of the former, and these parts are longer in the % oi A. const an s.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona ; on the coast ; found in the flowers of the white poppy.

COLEOPTERA 183

Mauia Blackb.
(i) Mania satellcs Blackb.

Majiia satelles Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 195.

Hab. Maui ; Wailuku valley, where one specimen was taken by Blackburn.
I have not met with this species.

Fam. PROTERHINIDAE.

This remarkable family is peculiar to the Hawaiian islands, and all the species, of
which 122 are at present known, are assigned to the genus Protcrhinus. These species
exhibit so much diversity in structure that the extreme forms would appear to be
certainly generically distinct, but they are so connected by intermediate forms, that it is
inadvisable to attempt a further division of the genus until the species are more
thoroughly known. At present, owing to the great number of the species, the close
alliance between many of them, their variability, and the great sexual differences, the
mere separation of the species is attended with the greatest difficulty. The figures on
Plates I X. and X. will show to some extent the diversity in structure and appearance
exhibited by these insects, and the specimens figured have been chosen for this purpose,
rather than with a view to exhibiting the minute distinctions between closely allied
species — an almost hopeless task in dealing with insects so variable both in structure
and in superficial appearance.

In the Cambridge Natural History in the classification of the Coleoptera Dr Sharp
leaves the Proterhinidae as well as the somewhat similar insects comprised in the
family Aglycyderidae unclassified. The former have much more the appearance of
Rhynchophora than the latter, since the beak is always distinct and definite in
Proterhinus, at least in the female sex. In the t however it is hardly more than a
simple prolongation of the head, and only very rarely does the rostral portion attain a
length greater than its width. The female beak on the other hand is in most cases
elongate, and on account of its shining surface and absence of squamosity extremely
definite. It is noteworthy that in a considerable number of species, which have the
rostrum in the ? below the average in development, the rostrum of the ? is above the
average, so that the sexual differentiation is less than usual, and I believe that these
species are the more primitive, and their resemblance to the members of the Aglycyde-
ridae is greater than that of the other forms. The Proterhinidae are however always
distinct from Aglycyderes by the definite rostrum of the ?, and by the structure of the
tarsi which are really four-jointed, the small division at the base of the claw-joint, being
a true joint and not a mere constriction as in Aglycyderes. With regard to the

1 84 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

structure of the prothorax in these Insects to which considerable importance was
attached by Dr Leconte, who regarded Proterkinns as belonging to the Rhynchophora
and Aglycyderes as related to the Colydiidae (see quotation from a letter, Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond. 1879, Pt. I. p. 78), it may be noticed that the differentiation between the
dorsal surface and flanks is much more marked in a few species than in the majority of
P7'oter]mms, which, as Sharp (/. c. p. 80) has remarked, is also the case with the two
species of Aglycyderes, the New Zealand species having the differentiation between the
parts of the prothorax less definite than the Canarian species.

The characters which I have found most useful in the separation of the species are
the nature of the clothing, the size and form of the eyes and of the lobes of the front
tarsi, the condition of the humeral angles of the elytra, the shape of the prothorax, the
length of the antennal joints, and the development of the club (or 3 apical joints), and
the puncturation of the abdomen beneath. In few species are any of the characters
constant, when a long series of examples are examined, the size of the individuals being
extremely variable, and these depauperated examples often have the structures charac-
teristic of the species much modified. For these reasons I have not found it easy to
identify the numerous species hitherto described, although through the kindness of
Dr Sharp I have been able to carefully examine the types of all the species described
by him. The description of most of these species was drawn up from only one or two
examples, and except in the case of a few of the most distinct species, such material is
quite inadequate for an accurate knowledge of the species. In several cases when
I have referred a species taken by myself to one already described by Dr Sharp, I have
not been able exactly to match the types with any individual even in a series of
specimens, and it is probable that this is due to the specimens having been captured in
a slightly different locality to that whence the typical examples came, but it is of course
possible that some of the species have themselves undergone slight changes during the
last quarter of a century.

Of the 122 species known 8 only appear to extend their range beyond a single
island, and in few, if any, of these do the examples from different islands altogether
agree, while several of these species inhabit only two of the closely adjoining inter-
mediate islands of the group. Of the species that restrict their range to a single island
Kauai has 29, Oahu 28, Maui 27, Lanai 9, Molokai 9, and Hawaii 12. To facilitate
the discrimination of the species I have arranged the species in seven divisions, one for
each island and comprising the species peculiar to it, the seventh containing the few
species which are found on more than one island.

Nearly all the species are attached to the dead or dying wood of the forest trees,
and the individuals frequently congregate in small batches beneath the bark, in which
the larvae feed, and they are very sluggish in their habits. Several are found in the
stems of tree-ferns, and one or two are attached to smaller ferns {Pteris etc.), while a
few live on small shrubs and woody creepers.

COLEOPTERA ' 185

A. Species insulae Kauai propriae.

(i) Proterliiniis gigas, sp. nov.

Robustus, pallida squamosus, nigricans, antennis, pedibus elytrisque saepe plus
minusve rufescentibus. Oculi magni, fortiter prominentes. Antennae graciliores,
articulis elongatis, tertio quam secundus bis longiore. Pronotum inaequale, 3-impressum,
rugoso-punctatum, antice constrictum, pallide squamosum, margine antico lateribusque
setis curvatis vestitis. Elytra lata, squamis pallidis necnon setis erectis, sat conspicuis,
vestita, basi juxta scutellum utrinque tuberculata, humeris fortiter productis. Pedes
setis erectis conspicue vestiti. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale circa medium
obsoletissime, latera versus et ad basim fortiter punctatum. $ %. Long. 4 — 5 '5 mm.
(Plate IX. fig. I, $.)

This large species can hardly be confused with any other, although it varies
considerably in size and in other respects. The 8th joint of the antennae is sometimes
a little longer, sometimes a little shorter than the 9th, and generally they are subequal.
In a few examples out of a long series the 8th is considerably the shorter of the two, as
is usual in most species of the genus. The surface of the elytra, except for the
depression formed between the shoulders and the tubercle on either side of the
scutellum, is nearly evenly convex.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.). Under bark of Cheirodendron only.

(2) Proterhinus crassicoTiiis, sp. nov.

Forma, facie, et magnitudine fere praecedentis, sed antennis brevioribus, articulis
multo crassioribus, abdominis segmento 1° ventrali circa medium fortiter et distincte
punctato, bene distinctus. $.

Hab. Kauai mountains (2000—3000 ft.). Only two examples were taken, owing
to the erroneous supposition that they were identical with those of the preceding
species, which is found on the high plateau of the same island.

(3) Proterhinus antJu-acias, sp. nov.

Niger, vel piceo-niger, latus, antennis pedibusque saepe rufescentibus. Oculi
magni, prominentes. Antennae graciliores, scapo brevi, articulo secundo tertioque una
conjunctis multo breviore, clava gracili. Pronotum antice fortiter et abrupte constrictum
(vel nonnunquam tantum angustatum), anteriusque profunda foveatum, angulis posterio-
ribus macula pallida squamosa sat conspicue signatis. Elytra lata, maculatim squamosa,

1 86 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

setisque erectis et elongatis vestita, fortiter punctata, humeris productis. Abdominis
segmentum primum ventrale, vel ad medium, grosse fortiterque punctatum. Z ?•

Long. 3—475 mm.

A species of wide and somewhat depressed form, rather scantily clothed with
squamosity, forming in fresh examples a number of roundish spots on the elytra, which
also bear pale erect setae. The scape of the antennae is not long, being evidently
shorter than the two following joints united. Second joint evidently longer than wide,
but very much shorter than the third. All the other joints elongate, the 8th shorter
than the gth, the latter with the two following forming the long and slender club. Eyes
large and prominent. Thorax usually strongly and abruptly constricted in front, but
variable in this respect. In front there is a deep and conspicuous impression, and
sometimes two lateral, and one posterior (near the hind-margin about the middle)
as well, but all except the anterior one may be obsolete. The posterior angles of the
thorax are very clearly marked, being covered with a spot of dense pale squamosity.
Elytra wide, roughly punctured, generally more or less flattened, the sides somewhat
strongly rounded, the shoulders prominent. Lobes of the front tarsi only moderate in
size, or even small for the size of the insect. Whole body beneath coarsely and closely
punctured.

Hab. Kauai, widely distributed and not rare (2500 — 4000 ft.). Remarkable for
its dark colour, wide form, the distinct spots of squamosity on the posterior angles of
the thorax, and the clothing of the elytra, which consists of long fine erect setae, and
numerous, often rather ill-defined, spots of appressed scales.

(4) Proterhinus eugonias, sp. nov.

Sat latus, nigricans, piceus, vel rufescens, pallide squamosus. Antennae graciles,
clava sat evidenter 3-articulata. Oculi parum fortiter prominentes. Pronotum profunde
3-impressum. Elytra sat lata, convexa, parte basali depressa, minus fortiter nee dense
punctata, pallide squamosa, setisque erectis parce vestita, humeris late ac fortissime
productis. Segmentum abdominis primum (saltern ad medium) vix evidenter punctatum.
^ %. Long. 2 — 3-5 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 2, ?.)

This species is allied to P. basalis Sh. It varies greatly in size but is a smaller
insect than the other. The form is wide and somewhat short, the colour varies from
black to red. The squamous covering is of a golden or silvery colour.

Antennae moderately long, slender, generally clear red with the apical joints dark,
the club distinctly formed of three joints but rather slender and elongate. Eyes
moderately large, but not at all strongly prominent ; no ridge between the vertex and
front of head. Thorax with three very deep impressions, the anterior the largest;
immediately in front of each of the posterior ones the squamosity forms a dense patch,

COLEOPTERA 187

different to the general covering. Elytra short, seen from the side strongly convex
longitudinally, with golden or greyish appressed squamosity, and sparse erect white
setae, which are chiefly found towards their apex, the basal portion is transversely
flattened or depressed. Humeral angles widely and extremely strongly produced.
Tibiae, tarsi, and sometimes the femora, red ; lobes of the front tarsi of moderate size.
Basal segment of the abdomen beneath with the puncturation obsolete, at least over its
middle portion. Hind coxae widely separated, the distance between them considerably
greater than the length of the metasternum.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.). Differs from P. basalis Sh. in the smaller
average size, more strongly produced humeral angles of the elytra, their less numerous
erect setae, and the patches of dense squamosity in front of the posterior impressions of
the thorax. Both species vary much, but no doubt they are distinct.

(5) Proterhinus basalis Sharp.

Proterhimis basalis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 98.

I have examined a series of examples of this species. The humeral angles of the
elytra are a good deal more strongly produced in some individuals than others. The
squamous covering is sometimes of a ferruginous colour, but more often greyish. The
shape of the thorax is variable, but usually is more or less abruptly constricted in front.
The length of the insect varies from 2 '5 — 4 mm.

Hab. Kauai mountains (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; not common, but widely distributed.

(6) Proterhinus dubiostis, sp. nov.

Sat latus, rufescens vel piceus, aureo-squamosus. Oculi parum fortiter prominentes.
Antennarum articuli 3 apicales clavam formantes. Pronotum sat evidenter 3-impressum.
Elytra lata, aureo-squamosa, minus fortiter nee dense punctata, basali parte plus minusve
impressa, scutellumque juxta utrinque tuberculata, setis erectis paucis, brevibus et
inconspicuis, humeris fortiter acute productis. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale
ad medium vix evidenter punctatum. $ $. Long. 2 — 3 '2 mm.

The above characters are drawn up from typical examples, but as a matter of fact
almost all the structures vary in this species, and series of individuals from different
localities nearly always present more or less considerable differences. Thus in the
typical examples the antennae are somewhat stout, the club distinctly of three rather
wide joints. In some localities the antennae are decidedly more elongate and slender.
The squamosity appears to be always of a golden colour. The thorax has three impres-
sions and is not very densely squamose. The elytra have the humeral angles strongly

F. H. II. 25

1 88 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

and acutely produced, their basal portion is more or less flattened or impressed (not
very definitely so as in P. basalts), they have only a few short and inconspicuous erect
setae, are rather finely and not very densely punctured, and are evenly convex trans-
versely, except at the base. The lobes of the tarsi are of moderate size. The basal
abdominal segment is hardly visibly punctured, at least on its middle portion. Examples
of this species taken at low elevations (2000ft.), differ from typical ones in all or some
of the following characters. The antennae are shorter and thicker, the insect is of
narrower form, the elytra have the humeral angles less produced, and are less impressed
at the base, while the front tibiae are often extremely short and wide. Some of the
abnormal individuals taken with typical examples however possess some of these
characters.

Hab. Kauai. Common above Waimea at an elevation of 4000 ft. The
examples most aberrant in one direction come from Halemanu (4000 ft.), in the other
from Makaweli (2000 ft.).

(7) P voter Iiinus difficilis, sp. nov.

Rufescens vel piceus, sat latus, minus dense pallide squamosus. Antennae graci-
liores. Oculi haud fortiter prominentes. Pronotum minus dense squamosum, 3-im-
pressum, antice saepe abruptius constrictum. Elytra pallide squamosa, setisque erectis
brevibus sed conspicuis vestita, longitudinaliter obscure carinata, humeris productis.
Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale circa medium sparsim subobsolete punctatum.
$ ?. Long. 2-25— 3-5 mm.

In form and general appearance very similar to P. diibiosus but a rougher
insect. The squamosity is less appressed, the erect setae of the elytra are more
numerous, their puncturation is more pronounced, and the surface less even, there being
traces of longitudinal ridges extending back from the shoulders. These ridges in fresh
examples are rendered more distinct by the squamosity which is somewhat condensed
along them. The humeral angles are less strongly produced forwards than in well-
developed examples of P. dubiosus. The examination of a series of individuals of both
species is necessary for an appreciation of the specific characters, as both vary greatly
in size, and in the development of the structural characters which distinguish them.

Hab. Kauai mountains. Less common than P. dubiosus.

(8) Pi'oterhinus eulepis, sp. nov.

Sat latus, nigricans, elytris rufescentibus, nigro-maculatis. Antennae graciles sat
elongatae. Pronotum squamis appressis vestitum, angulis posterioribus distinctis,
maculaque pallida squamosa signatis. Elytra squamosa, setisque erectis brevioribus

COLEOPTERA 1S9

pallidis vestita, minus dense punctata, humeris acutis et productis. Abdominis segmen-
tum primum ventrale vel ad medium fortiter et distincte punctatum. Z ?• Long.
2'5 — 3"25 mm. ; van minor, 175 — 2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 3. $.)

This is another variable species, very closely resembling typical P. dubiosus in form.
The antennae are slender and rather long, the three-jointed club being also slender.
The thorax is covered with squamosity, and has sometimes three impressions, but the
two posterior ones may be obsolete. Its hind angles are a little prominent, and
rendered more distinct by bearing a spot of pale squamosity, which is more dense than
that of the general surface. The elytra appear to be always red, more or less spotted
with black, the black spots being free from squamosity. They are nearly evenly
convex in shape, the basal tubercles near the scutellum being absent or very ill-
developed, their basal margin is rather deeply and regularly emarginate, so that the
shoulders are produced and acute, and are free from the base of the thorax. The erect
setae are short and white, but rather conspicuous in fresh examples, especially at the
sides of the elytra. The puncturation is not very dense. All the femora are strongly
clavate. Beneath, the basal abdominal segment is strongly and distinctly punctured,
although towards the middle the punctures are more remote than at the sides. Very
small examples (var. minor) apparently referable to this species are not infrequent, but
there appears to be no good character to separate them, unless the more obsolete
puncturation of the base of the abdomen beneath should prove constant.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.).

(9) Proterhinus neglecHcs, sp. nov.

Rufo-piceus, sat latus, elytris rufescentibus, nigro-maculatis. Antennae totae rufae,
sat elongatae, sed crassiusculae, clava distincte 3-articulata. Pronotum aureo-squamosum,
antice fortiter impressum, dense rugoso-punctatum, postice minus fortiter angustatum,
angulis posterioribus sat distinctis. Elytra minus dense punctata, submaculatim squa-
mosa, setisque brevibus pallidis vestita, sat lata, humeris acutis, evidenter productis.
Femora omnia fortiter incrassata. i ?. Long. 2-8 — 3-2 mm.

This species has very much the form and general appearance of large typical
examples oi P. eidepis. In the two examples taken the anterior thoracic impression is
large and distinct, the others are obsolete. The hind angles are distinct, and appear to
be marked by spots of denser squamosity than that of the rest of the thorax. The
elytra are nearly evenly convex, there being little or no trace of the tubercles at the
base near the scutellum, but they are a little flattened transversely behind their basal
margin. The humeral angles are acute and formed like those of P. culcpis. From
that species P. neglectus is at once distinct by the thicker antennae, the intermediate

25 — 2

I90 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

joints being quite stout, whereas in the other they are very slender. This seems to be
the only good character to distinguish the two, and it may be observed that the specific
•differences between P. gigas and P. crassicornis are quite similar.

Hab. Kauai. A single pair (^ ?) were taken together on the high plateau in
April, 1895.

(10) Proterhinus collaris Sharp.

Proterhinus collaris Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 96.

This species is very similar in form and general appearance to P. eiilepis, but may
be distinguished by the unusual length of the scape of the antennae. The second joint
is very short, the third elongate and slender. In the $ the eyes are unusually remote
from the anterior margin of the thorax. The squamosity of the elytra appears to be
much broken up to form roundish spots. The thorax is decidedly elongate. In their
systematic catalogue Blackburn and Sharp have sunk this species as a variety of
P. nigricans, but I cannot think the two are identical, P. collaris being a larger insect,
and very different in general appearance, the ^ having relatively smaller eyes, and much
more remote from the thorax, while the basal joint of the antenna in the % is much
more elongate and more slender, than in P. nigtncans %.

Hab. Kauai mountains (Blackburn). I have not met with this species, and have
seen only the two types in Dr Sharp's possession, and two or three individuals in the
British Museum from Blackburn's collection.

(11) Proterhinus amaurodes, sp. nov.

Statura parva, vel saepe minima, nigricans vel rufo-piceus. Antennae sat graciles.
Pronotum dense rugoso-punctatum, parum squamosum, antice impressum, baud con-
strictum, lateribus rotundatis. Elytra obscure sed dense punctata, ad humeros macula
pallida squamosa, et postice maculis rotundatis compluribus ornata, humeris plus minusve
productis, semper acutis et distinctis, setis erectis inconspicuis et brevissimis. Tarsorum
lobi parvi. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale subfortiter punctatum. ^ %. Long.
1-5 — 2-5 mm.

In well-developed examples this is rather a distinct little species. The squamosity
of the thorax is sparse, and that of the elytra is much broken up, forming distinct spots.
There is always a distinct patch extending back from the humeral angles, and a number
of roundish spots on the posterior parts of the elytra. The antennae are moderately
long and slender, with 3-jointed club. There is usually a distinct impression on the
thorax in front, the posterior impressions being absent or nearly obsolete. The humeral

COLEOPTERA

191

angles of the elytra are always sharp and distinct, and in well-developed examples
evidently, though not strongly, produced. The lobes of the front tarsi are small. The
colour of the insect is typically black, the squamosity of the elytra being placed on paler
(piceous or reddish) spots, but in many examples (especially from certain localities), the
whole elytra are rufo-piceous or reddish. The species appears to be allied to P.
vestitus.

Hab. Kauai. Common generally (from 2000 — 4000 ft.). Often so covered with
a wax-like excretion as to be only recognizable after the most careful cleaning.

(12) Proterhinus nigricans Sharp.

Proterhinus nigricans Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 95.

In its typical condition this species is remarkable for the size of the basal joint of
the antennae in both sexes, that of the Z being also considerably longer than is usual in
the genus. I have not met with any examples that altogether agree with the types, but
one Z has the antennae similarly formed, while its eyes are somewhat smaller. Others
which have the eyes as in the type have the basal joint of the antennae less developed.
The colour of the elytra varies from black to reddish-pitchy with black markings. The
squamosity of the thorax is not dense, but the posterior angles are distinctly marked by
a small dense spot of pale scales. The species is no doubt distinct, although closely
allied to P. amaurodes, collaris, &c., with which it agrees in the strong puncturation of
the basal ventral segment of the abdomen.

Hab. Kauai. On Waialeale, 3000 ft. (Blackburn). Makaweli (2000 — 3000 ft.),
and behind Waimea (4000 ft.). Apparently not common.

(13) Proterhinus binotatus, sp. nov.

Rufescens, capite thoraceque saepe obscuratis, elytris plaga utrinque magna nigri-
cante maculatis. Antennae nigrae articulis basalibus rufescentibus, clava baud abrupte
3-articulata. Pronotum ex majore parte parce squamosum, latera versus densius
squamoso-maculatum, rugoso-punctatum, antice subimpressum. Elytra, partibus nigri-
cantibus exceptis, pallide squamosa, setisque brevissimis, albidis, et erectis vestita,
angulis humeralibus parum productis, sed distinctis, et subacutis. Pedes omnes setis
brevibus erectis vestiti, lobis tarsorum anticorum magnitudine mediocribus. Abdominis
segmentum primum ventrale minus distincte punctatum. t ?• Long. 2-2 — 2"6 mm.

This obscure species appears to be closely allied to P. simplex Sh. of Oahu, but it
is readily distinguished from the well-developed examples of that species. The elytra

192 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

are widely red at the base, and covered with pale squamosity, generally over a sub-
triangular area ; behind this are two large black, or dark, lateral spots, extending nearly
to the suture, and free from squamous covering ; the apical portion is often more or less
infuscate, and the squamosity broken up into spots.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.) ; found very sparingly on several occasions.

(14) Proterhinus scutatus Blackb.

Proterhinus scutatus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 169.

I have taken only three or four examples of this species, which mostly quite agree
with those collected by Mr Blackburn. This insect is much less clothed with squamosity
than most of the species, the thorax being nearly bare, and the elytra in fresh examples
very little squamose, except for two longitudinal lines extending backwards from their
shoulders ; but the latter bear numerous short and rather thick erect setae, which are
pale in colour and quite conspicuous. In structure this species closely resembles some
examples of P. simplex, but it is no doubt distinct.

Hab. Kauai, 2500 ft. (Blackburn) ; (2000 — 4000 ft.), in the Waimea district.

(15) Proterhimis sctiilostts, sp. nov.

Ferrugineus, elongatus, angustulus, setulis erectis brevibus vestitus, elytris non-
nunquam nigro-maculatis. Antennae plerumque breviores, concolores, rufae. Rostrum
$ breve, fortiter longitudinaliter rugosum, paullo vel baud longius quam latius. Prono-
tum minus latum, plerumque plus minusve evidenter 3-impressum, setis appressis parce,
aliisque erectis, vestitum. Elytra fortiter elongata, lateribus subparallelis, subseriatim
punctata, setis brevibus erectis vestita, vix aequaliter convexa, angulis humeralibus
distinctis, paullo productis, vel fere rectis. Femora postica parum fortiter clavata,
tarsorum anticorum lobis parvis. $ $. Long. 2*5 — 3 mm.

In its rufescent colour, elongate elytra, and the absence of squamosity, this species
somewhat resembles the P. loiigulus Sh. of Oahu, and the other species allied thereto.
It is however more nearly allied to P. blackburni Sh. &c., the second joint of the
antennae in certain aspects being not much shorter (though more robust) than the
third, and the short rostrum of the ? is coarsely sculptured. The seven or eight
examples taken exhibit some variation, the antennae being decidedly less short in some
than in others. The dorsal surface of the elytra is somewhat flattened, and, at least in
some examples, there are traces of longitudinal raised lines.

Hab. Kauai (2500 — 4000 ft.); not common.

COLEOPTERA 193

(16) Proterliimts an/iqinis, sp. nov.

Rufescens vel rufo-fuscus, angustus, elongatulus, elytris nonnunquam nigro-
maculatis, setis appressis albidis vel argenteis, aliisque erectis sat conspicuis, sed
brevioribus, vestitis. Antennae plerumque breviores. Oculi minuti. Pronotum setis
appressis, aliisque erectis, vestitum, baud latum. Elytra angusta, elongata, lateribus
saepe fere parallelis, plus minusve irregulariter argenteo- vel albido-squamosa, setisque
erectis brevioribus conspicue vestita, parum conspicue inaequalia. Rostrum $ brevissi-
mum, sulcis longitudinalibus sat fortibus. $ $. Long. 2 — 275 mm.

Allied to P. blackburni Sh , but distinguished by the white or silvery appressed
setae which cover parts of the elytra, the narrower form, shorter erect setae, etc.

Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.); a few examples were taken on several
occasions.

(17) Proterhinus setiger, sp. nov.

Rufescens vel rufo-piceus, setis erectis sat crebre vestitus, statura majore. Antennae
graciles, articulo secundo subelongato. Oculi prominuli. Pronotum antice abrupte
angustatum, setis erectis vestitum, baud squamosum, grosse denseque punctatum,
lateribus baud rotundatis. Elytra baud squamosa, setis erectis perconspicue vestita,
inaequalia, lineis longitudinalibus elevatis setis appressis pallidis vestitis, grosse
punctata, basi arcuatim sat fortiter emarginata, humeris acute productis, lateribus parum
rotundatis. Rostrum % evidenter longius quam latius, longitudinaliter fortiter rugosum,
lateribus basim versus levissime convergentibus. ^ ?. Long, vix 4 mm.

A much larger species than P. blackburni, to which it is evidently allied. I have
seen only one $ and one female, and the former has the prominent lateral angles
of the prothorax, which are formed by its sudden constriction in front, much more
strongly developed than those of the latter, and the puncturation more distinct. Each
wing-case has three raised dorsal lines, one extending back from the humeral angles,
another from the basal tubercles on either side of the scutellum, while between these on
each side is a third elevation which does not however reach to the basal margin of
the elytra. In the % the basal abdominal segment beneath is less coarsely punctate
than the very coarsely and closely punctured metasternum ; the apical segments are
impunctate or nearly so.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; i t and i % taken.

(18) Proterhinus solitariiis, sp. nov.

Piceus, setis erectis ex majore parte vestitus, baud squamosus, statura majore, baud
robustus. Oculi minuti. Antennae graciles, articulo secundo elongato, subclavato.
Pronotum antice abrupte angustatum et impressum, dense rugoso-punctatum. Elytra

194 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

lineis elevatulis longitudinalibus inaequalia, setis erectis vestita, basi leviter emarginata,
humeris acutis. Femora postlca parum fortiter clavata, tarsorum lobis anticorum
minutis. Rostrum $ brevissimum, fere aeque latum ac longum, fortiter longitudinaliter
rugosum. $. Long. 3 •5 mm.

Female in size and superficial appearance very similar to P. setigei'-, but differing in
the much shorter rostrum, less deeply emarginate base of the elytra, smaller lobes to
the front tarsi, etc. A single $ example, although taken at a higher elevation than the
?, is probably referable to this species, since it agrees generally with the individual
above described, but is entirely of a reddish colour. The lobes of the front tarsi are
very minute, as in the ?.

Hab. Kauai, a single $ taken at an elevation of from two to three thousand feet
on the mountains. The $ mentioned above was taken on the high plateau of the same
island.

Obs. a single $ with the rostrum still slightly longer than that of P. setiger, the
elytral puncturation less definite, and the basal abdominal segment beneath very closely
and coarsely punctured all over, is very probably another species, while a $ from
Molokai will not agree with any of these. It has the rostrum very short, but less so
than that of P. solitarius.

(19) Proterhimis squalidus, sp. nov.

Atro-piceus vel sordide rufescens, antennis rufescentibus, setis brevibus erectis
nonnullisque appressis vestitus, parum convexus. Antennae sat graciles, articulo
secundo sat robusto, sed elongato, quam tertius vix breviore. Oculi minuti. Pronotum
plus minusve impressum, sat latum, setis erectis brevibus, aliisque erectis, vestitum,
confuse riigoso-punctatum. Elytra setis brevibus erectis, aliisque pallidis et depressis
irregulariter (sive submaculatim), vestita, puncturatione parura distincta, humeris parum
productis, fere rectis. Rostrum % brevissimum, tarsorum lobis anticorum minutis.
Z ?. Long. 175 — vix 3 mm.

Differs from P. antiqints in being of less narrow and elongate form, and generally
in having the antennae longer and more slender. It appears to me to be really more
closely allied to P. archaeus of Oahu, but that species has the elytra decidedly more
elongate, and differs in various small points. The description given above has been
made from examples from which the muddy substance, with which they are nearly
always covered when captured, has been carefully removed.

Hab. Kauai mountains (2000 — 3000 ft.).

COLEOPTERA 195

(20) Pi'oterhinus wikstroemiae, sp. nov.

Subrobustus, nigricans vel rufo-niger, minus dense pallido-squamosus. Antennae
elongatae, graciles, articulis omnibus (secundo plerumque excepto) sat elongatis, clava
gracili, minus distincta. Oculi baud magni, sed fortius prominentes. Pronotum dense
rugoso-punctatum, latera versus sat dense squamosum, parte reliqua nudiuscula, antice
angustatum et impressum, lateribus subfortiter rotundatis. Elytra sparsim squamosa,
punctata, fere aequaliter convexa, setisque albidis erectis brevibus parum conspicue
vestita, angulis humeralibus fere rectis, minus distinctis. Femora sat fortiter incrassata.
^ ?. Long. 3—3-5 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 4, ^.)

This species is not at all closely allied to any other found on Kauai, nor indeed
is it very similar superficially to any of the other species. I have no doubt it is
nearest to P. dispar, although it differs from that species in numerous small points.
Both appear to be solely attached to the same species of poisonous shrub, and a
minute examination of the structural characters leaves no doubt that the two are more
nearly related than would appear to be the case on a superficial examination. Nearly
all the more remarkable characters of P. dispar are less developed in P. wikstroemiae.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.), in various localities. Attached to Wikstroemia foetida.

(21) Protcrliinus serricornis, sp. nov.

Species parva, angustula, rufo-testacea, capite obscuriore, elytris utrinque plus minus
nigro-signatis. Antennae breves, robustae, articulis brevibus et latis, clava distincta nulla.
Pronotum squamulis pallidis minus dense vestitum, antice impressum. Elytra angusta,
pallide squamosa, setisque nonnullis brevissimis erectis et parum conspicuis vestita,
humeris baud productis. ^. Long, circa 2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 6, J antenna.)

This little species is quite distinct from any other (at least in the J' sex), by the
form of the antennae, which are unusually stout and short. The intermediate joints are
all of subrotundate form and so closely resemble the ninth and tenth that practically
there is no club. The eyes and lobes of the front tarsi are both very small. In what
I believe to be the ? of this species, the antennae are quite differently formed and by
no means remarkable in structure, since they terminate in an evident three-jointed club.
The intermediate joints, however, are rather less slender than in most species. The
posterior femora are not very strongly clavate.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, May 1895; three or four examples taken.

F. H. II. 26

196 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(22) ProterJiinus laticornis, sp. nov.

Minor, angustulus, rufescens, capite femoribusque, et nonnunquam etiam pronoto,
obscurioribus, elytris circa medium utrinque nigro-maculatis. Antennae ^ nigrae, basi
rufa, ab articulo tertio vel quarto sensim usque ad apicem incrassatae, clavam quasi
perelongatam formantes. Species pallida squamosa, faciem P. serricornis omnino
habens, sed antennis longe aliter formatis, femoribus posterioribus valde incrassatis
distinctissima. Z- Long. 2 — 2-25 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 5, <J.)

This minute but very remarkable species is clearly allied to P. serricornis, with
which it agrees in colour, clothing, and shape. Probably on the average it is of rather
larger size. The joints of the antennae from the fourth or fifth become gradually wider
to the apex, the whole forming as it were a very gradual and elongate club. The lobes
of the front tarsi are minute, and the hind femora very strongly incrassate. The female
which no doubt belongs to this species is quite unlike the <J in its antennal characters,
since the intermediate joints are comparatively slender, and there is a distinct and
strongly developed 3-jointed terminal club. This sex is therefore very similar to
P. serricornis $, from which it may be known by the more strongly incrassate
femora.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.).

(23) ProterJiinus eurhopahcs, sp. nov.

Piceus, elytris plus minusve rufescentibus nigro- vel fusco-notatis, forma fere spp.
2 praecedentium, sed plerumque colore obscuriore. Antennae ^ graciliores, basi rufa,
clavae (distinctissime 3-articulatae) articulis latis. Femora postica minus fortiter
incrassata. Z- Long, vix 2 — 2-2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 7, Z antenna.)

Closely allied to the two preceding species, the general form and appearance being
the same, the colour perhaps more obscure. The Z has the antennae comparatively
slender, indeed more nearly resembling the % of the preceding two species, and the club,
consisting of three very distinct joints, is unusually developed. The eyes and tarsal
lobes are small, the posterior femora not very strongly incrassate. Two females
taken in company with these males are no doubt of the same species, resembling
them very closely in all respects, except for the usual sexual differences in the
rostrum.

Hab. Kauai, Makaweli, at an elevation of 2000 — 3000 ft.

COLEOPTERA 197

(24) Proterhinns homocochronnts, sp. nov.

P. eiii'hopalo forma et colore simillimus, sed paullo major, et antennis longioribus,
clava paullo minus abrupta, capite inter oculos latiore distinguendus. ^ %. Long.
2 — 2'6 mm.

Very closely allied to P. cur/iopahis, but a rather larger species with decidedly
longer antennae, and the club less marked, owing to its basal joint being less short and
wide. The head is also decidedly wider between the eyes in the present species.

Hab. Kauai, above Waimea (4000 ft.).

(25) ProterJiinus cogJiatus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, angustus, rufescens, capite obscurato, elytris utrinque nigro- vel fusco-
notatis. Antennae graciles elongatae, articulis omnibus sat elongatis, clava gracili, haud
abrupta. Pronotum subelongatum, antice angustatum. Elytra angusta, pallide squamosa,
setisque nonnullis erectis perinconspicue vestita, basi leviter emarginata. Species forma,
colore, et caeteris, P. homoeocJironw simillimus, sed paullo major, et antennis evidenter
gracilioribus et magis elongatis, clava minus distincta, distinguenda. ^ $. Long.
2"6 mm.

Very closely allied to P. homoeochronius but of larger average size, the antennae
elongate and very slender, the club decidedly more slender and less definite.

The five species described above form a very remarkable series ; and although all
were obtained from only a very small area of the island of Kauai, excepting perhaps
the two Halemanu species, no two were found in the same locality. It is probable
however that P. serricorms and P. laticornis were not actually obtained together, since
two very distinct districts were collected over at Halemanu, and it is more than likely
that each of these regions had its peculiar species. It may also be observed that the
two species taken in the mountains behind Waimea occurred at different altitudes.

Hab. Kauai, mountains above Waimea (3000 ft.).

(26) Proterhinus angusti/ormis, sp. nov.

Angustus, fortiter elongatus, plus minusve rufescens, pallide squamosus, elytris
nigro-maculatis. Antennae graciles, articulis basalibus rufis, clava vi.x 3-articulata,
articulis duobus apicalibus praecedenti multo majoribus. Oculi minores parum fortiter
prominentes. Pronotum minus latum, pallide squamosum, lateribus minus fortiter

26 — 2

198 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

rotundatis. Elytra rufa, nigro-maculata, pallide squamosa, setisque brevissimis erectis
vestita, perelongata, humeri's vix productis, sed distinctis. Femora postica minus
fortiter clavata. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale ex majore parte vix evidenter
punctatum. t ?• Long. 2 — 2-2 mm.

A small and very narrow species remarkable for the great length of the elytra.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu. Four or five examples taken in May 1895.

(27) Proterhinus leptophyas, sp. nov.

Forma elongata et angustissima, nigricans, plus minusve rufo-variegatus, antennis
rufis. Oculi minuti. Antennae breves, clava vix plus quam 2-articulata. Pronotum
inaequale, antice angustatum, medium longitudinaliter subsulcatum, impressionibus
duabus sublateralibus distinctis aut obsoletis. Elytra perelongata, angustissima, nigra,
plus minus rufo-variegata, maculis rufis tantum squamis vestitis, parte nigra nuda, dense
punctata, humeris hand productis. Femora gracilia. <? $. Long. 2 — 2*4 mm. (Plate IX.
fig. 8, ?.)

This small species is very distinct, and remarkable for its very narrow form and
extremely elongate elytra. The antennae are unusually short, and entirely of a clear
red colour, as also are the tarsi, and sometimes also the tibiae. The elytra usually bear
a number of pale spots, which alone are covered with squamosity, the dark parts being
bare. In the darkest individuals the elytral markings are reduced to a single spot at
the extreme base, and such examples have nearly the whole surface of the elytra
without squamous clothing. The hind femora are not at all strongly clavate.

Hab. Kauai (4000 ft). Probably a local species, since all the specimens obtained
were taken on the same day (April 15th, 1895).

(28) Proterhinus linearis Blackburn.

Proterhinus linearis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 169.

The unique example of this species in the British Museum is in poor condition and
I cannot identify it with any of those taken by me with certainty.

Hab. Kauai (Rev. T. Blackburn).

(29) Proterhinus maculifer, sp. nov,

Angustulus, depressiusculus, piceus (nonnunquam nigricans vel rufescens), elytris
maculis rotundatis squamiferis pallidioribus plus minusve variegatis. Oculi parvi.
Rostrum Z haud brevissimum. Antennae graciles, breviores, clava baud abrupta.

COLEOPTERA

199

Pronotum minus latum, antice impressum, minus dense squamoso-vestitum, lateri-
bus parum fortiter rotundatis. Elytra angustula, maculatim squamosa, asperula et
punctata (puncturatione et sculptura saepe exudatione lutosa celatis), setis erectis
brevissimis nee conspicuis, angulis humeralibus plerumque fere rectis. Femora postica
minus fortiter clavata, lobis tarsorum anticorum parvulis. ? %. Long, vix 2 — 3 mm.
(Plate IX. fig. 9, t.)

Chiefly remarkable for its flattened, or even sub-depressed form, and generally for
the narrow elytra, which bear a number of roundish squamose spots, these spots
being paler in colour than the rest of the surface, whether this be red or blackish. The
sculpture is generally obscure, the punctures at least being generally filled up with a
muddy excretion, and not infrequently the insect has nearly the whole surface thickly
covered and concealed. The antennae, which are rather short, are generally entirely
of a clear red colour ; the rostrum of the $ is also red or reddish, its surface smooth and
shining, with the longitudinal grooves fine.

Hab. Kauai, common generally. Many examples taken exhibiting variation in
colour, size and other respects.

B. Species insulae Oahu propriae.

(30) Proterhinus kamptarthriis, sp. nov.

Niger vel piceus, antennis tibiis tarsis elytrisque rufescentibus, his plerumque plus
minusve nigro- vel fusco-maculatis. Antennarum articulo primo tertioque perelongatis,
illo incrassato. Pronotum minus latum, 3-impressum. Elytra pallide squamosa, humeris
productis. Antennarum $ articulus tertius subcurvatus. ^ ?. Long, circa 3 mm.
(Plate IX. fig. 10, t.)

Black or piceous, with red elytra, which are usually sparsely spotted with black.
Femora dark, tibiae, tarsi and antennae wholly or partly red. Eyes prominent, in the ^
very remote from the thorax. Antennae long, extremely so in the J, the scape
incrassate, and very elongate, second joint short, third extremely long, slightly but
distinctly curved in the <y, and perceptibly so in the ?, club distinctly of three joints, the
9th being considerably wider at the apex than the 8th. Prothorax rather narrow, with
three more or less evident impressions, rather scantily covered with pale squamosity.
Elytra covered with grey appressed scales, and with sparse erect white setae posteriorly,
the sides sub-parallel. The humeral angles are strongly produced, and the basal
tubercles near the scutellum are present, but there is no trace of longitudinal ridges.
Lobes of the tarsi by no means large.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.) ; three % taken in April 1892, and
two males February 1896.

200 FAUNA HAWAII ENSIS

(31) Proterhinus leiorhynchus, sp. nov.

Niger, vel piceus, antennis elytrisque rufescentibus, his nigro-maculatis, squamis
pallidis vestitus. Antennae fortiter elongatae, conspicue pubescentes, articulo primo
perlongo et incrassato, secundo sat elongate sed tertio breviore, 9° quam 10"' vix minus
lato. Pronotum distincte 3-impressum, lateribus aequaliter rotundatis. Elytra pallide
squamosa, setisque erectis elongatisque sat conspicue vestita, juxta scutellum utrinque
tuberculata, humeris acutis. %. Long. 3 — 375 mm.

This is a very distinct and somewhat large species, having the antennae unusually
long. The basal joint is greatly incrassate and very long, the second is also elongate,
although shorter than the third, the three apical joints form a very distinct club, the
ninth at the apex being hardly less wide than the tenth, but very much more so than
the long and slender joint preceding it. The rostrum is smooth and shining, the
longitudinal impressed lines very fine. There is no transverse ridge between the
vertex and front of the head. The eyes are prominent but not very large for the size
of the insect. Thorax with the sides evenly rounded, densely punctured, and having
three more or less distinct impressions. Elytra with pale squamosity, except over the
black markings, and bearing elongate pale erect setae, which are quite conspicuous.
The basal tubercles on either side of the scutellum are distinct, the humeral angles
sharp and somewhat produced. Lobes of the tarsi somewhat small.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.). Four females taken in February 1896.
One of these has the second joint of the antennae abnormally short. There is also
slight variation in the width of the thorax, and the elytra vary greatly in length.

(32) Proterhinus ruficornis, sp. nov.

Totus rufescens, aut capite, pronoto, femoribusque obscuratis, elytris nigro-
maculatis. Antennae rufae, sat elongatae, clava distinctissime 3-articulata, articulo 9°,
quam 8'", multo latiore, et aeque lato ac art. 10. Oculi magni fortiter prominentes.
Pronotum antice abrupte constrictum, et impressum, impressionibus posterioribus ob-
soletis. Elytra griseo-squamosa, humeris subproductis. Species haec P. laorhynclio
cognatissima, antennarum articulis 2 basalibus minus elongatis, oculis et tarsorum lobis
paullo majoribus, pronoti impressionibus posterioribus obsoletis, distinguenda. ^%.
Long. 3—3-5 mm.

Extremely closely allied to P. leiorhynchtis, from which it may be distinguished by
the characters given above. Also very close to P. separandus, of Maui and Molokai,
but that species has the antennae less elongate, and differs slightly in other respects.

Hab. Oahu. A single pair were taken in cop. at an elevation of nearly 3000 ft.,
in the mountains near Honolulu.

COLEOPTERA

20I

(33) Proterhinus deinops, sp. nov.

Piceus, elytris rufescentibus, nigro-maculatis. Caput post oculos fortisslme con-
strictum. Oculi fortissime prominentes, postice acuti. Antennarum articuli 3 apicales
clavam distinctam formantes. Pronotum 3-impressum, sat elongatum. Elytra grosse
et profunde punctata, basi utrinque juxta scutellum tuberculata, humeris acutis, fortiter
productis. ^ $. Long, circiter 3 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 11, $.)

One of the most remarkable species of the genus, having the head very strongly
constricted behind the eyes, so that the front and vertex are separated by a strong
ridge. The eyes themselves are excessively prominent, and are produced behind into
a distinct point. The antennae are not long, the 9th joint is much wider than the 8th,
so that the club is very definitely formed of three joints. The thorax is unusually long
and narrow. The elytra have a deep coarse puncturation, and their humeral angles are
very strongly produced, and acute. In fresh examples their red portions are covered
with pale squamosity, which is absent on the black spots ; the erect setae appear to be
few, and not conspicuous.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains, 3000 ft. Rare ; 6 examples were taken in
February 1896.

(34) Proterhinus squamicollis, sp. nov.

Haud latus, niger, piceus, vel rufescens, pallide squamosus. Antennae graciles,
clava distincte 3-articulata. Oculi magni, prominentes, coniformes. Capitis vertex a
fronte cannula transversa distincte separatus. Pronotum haud latum, antice fortiter
angustatum, et depressum, squamis pallidis ubique dense vestitum, impressionibus
duabus posterioribus sat distinctis, lateribus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra distincte
punctata, subinaequalia, squamis pallidis maculatim, necnon setis elongatis pallidis
conspicue vestita, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, tuberculis albido-squamosis,
humeris productis et acutis. $%. Long. 2'25 — 3 mm.

A distinct species, and readily distinguished from the other Oahuan Proterhini by
the following combination of characters. Eyes large, prominent, and of conical form ;
a distinct transverse ridge between the front and vertex of the head ; prothorax densely
squamose all over, much narrowed and deeply impressed in front, the sides very
strongly rounded ; elytra generally with more or less evident longitudinal ridges, with a
tubercle on each side of the scutellar region at the extreme base, the shoulders produced,
acute, and much deflexed ; their squamous covering is more or less broken up to form
a number of spots, and the erect setae are long, fine, and quite conspicuous.

Hab. Oahu. Widely distributed in the Koolau range, but rare. Ten or eleven
examples taken at altitudes of 2000 — 3000 ft.

202 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(35) Proterhimis adehis, sp. nov.

Elongatus, parum convexus, nigricans, vel subobscure rufescens, elytris rufis, nigro-
variegatis. Antennae modice elongatae, graciles, clava distincte 3-articulata, basim
versus rufae. Vertex capitis a fronte baud divisus. Oculi vix magni, sed fortiter
prominentes. Pronotum minus dense squamosum, antice angustatum, et profunde
impressum. Elytra basim versus subangustata, maculatim pallide squamosa, parte
basali rufa, postice nigro-maculata, setis erectis parce et parum conspicue vestita, dorso
parum convexo, basi leviter arcuatim emarginata, humeris distinctis. Abdominis seg-
mentum primum ventrale fortiter ubique punctatum, suturis ventralibus sat profundis.
cT?. Long, circiter 3 mm.

Of this apparently distinct species only a single pair, $ and ?, were taken. Apart
from the usual sexual differences they are very similar, except that the </ being some-
what abraded, has lost nearly all the curved setae from the sides of the thorax (which
appears less abruptly narrowed in front), as well as the erect ones from the elytra.
Otherwise it differs only in having the thorax and legs redder in colour, and the eyes
slightly, but quite evidently, larger.

Hab. Oahu. A pair were taken in the Koolau range at an elevation of 2500 ft.
in the winter of 1892.

(36) ProterJiinus obscuricolor, sp. nov.

Nigricans, maculatim squamoso-vestitus, antennis pedibusque obscuricoloribus,
P. vestito forma et magnitudine simillimus. Antennae ? graciles, clava minus abrupte
3-articulata. Pronotum minus dense squamosum, rugoso-punctatum, 3-impressum,
impressione anteriore magis profundo et majore, antice angustatum, haud abrupte
fortiterque constrictum, lateribus sat rotundatis, setisque curvatis ciliatis. Elytra
maculatim squamosa, setisque pallidis erectis gracilibus conspicue vestita, basi emar-
ginata, angulis humeralibus distinctis. %. Long. 2-25 — 3 mm.

Allied to P. vestitiis, but differing in colour, the shape of the prothorax, &c.
The elytra are black, with a somewhat vague humeral or subhumeral spot of pale
squamosity, and some other roundish spots behind these ; at the base they are formed
much as in typical vcstitiis. A single female only of this species was taken, but there
are two males in Dr Sharp's collection, which no doubt belong to the same. They
differ from the ? in their antennae being shorter, and the club more distinct (i.e. the
9th joint is more stout in proportion to the preceding), and they are considerably

COLEOPTERA 203

smaller, but are themselves of different size. The smaller example is a very fresh one
and not quite mature, it being of a generally more pallid colour, and the legs and
antennae are entirely red. These examples are marked as P. vesiitus, var. b and van c,
and bear the number 352.

Hab. Oahu. Mountains near Honolulu, 2000 — 3000 ft. ; i ? taken in the winter
of 1892 ; 'mountains Oahu' (Blackburn).

(37) Protcrhiiius denudatus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, rufescens, elytris plus minusve nigro-notatis, parce aureo-squamosus.
Antennae nigrae, articulis basalibus rufis, clava vix distincte 3-articulata. Oculi minus
fortiter prominentes. Pronotum aequaliter, nee dense, aureo-squamosum, crebre
punctatum, evidenter 3-impressum, antice haud abrupte constrictum. Elytra parce
aureo-squamosa, setisque albidis brevioribus vestita, % fortissime elongata, fere aequaliter
convexa, humeris acute productis. ^ %. Vix 3 mm.

In the elongate form (especially of the $), in the colour and clothing this species
is remarkably similar to Proterhinit.s detritus from Lanai. It lacks, however, the
extremely abrupt constriction of the prothorax in front, the second joint of its antennae
is less short, and they themselves are only red at the base. The rostrum of the ?
detritus, however, is so different, being very coarsely sulcate, that it is doubtful whether
the two are in reality at all closely allied. The t of the two examples examined is
larger and wider, and much less elongate, than the ?, but I suspect that this is not
usually the case, but rather an individual variation. A second male, taken in the other
mountain range on Oahu, I refer at present to this species as a variety, but it is very
likely a distinct species. It differs in being of a more obscure red colour, with the
antennae entirely red, and is as narrow and elongate as the $, there are traces of whitish
squamosity on the elytra, their erect white setae are longer, and they are faintly
impressed at the base.

Hab. Oahu. One of each sex taken in the mountains near Honolulu (2000 —
3000 ft.) ; a variety of the t in the Waianae mountains.

(38) Proterhinus compadus, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elytris plus minusve rufescentibus. Caput cum pronoto aureo-squam-
osum. Antennae mediocriter graciles et elongati. Pronotum obscure 3-impressum.
Elytra albido-squamosa, setisque albidis erectis brevioribus sat conspicue vestita, fortiter
denseque punctata, longitudinaliter subcarinata, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuber-
culata, humeris productis, minus acutis, basi thoracis adaptatis. Rostrum % fortiter

F. H. II. ^7

204 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

longitudinaliter rugosum, ad basim distinctissime angustatum. ^ ?. Long. 2"6 —
275 mm.

Species, ut opinor, P. difficili (sp. Kauaiensi) cognatlssima, sed forma angustiore.

Very similar to some examples of P. difficilis of Kauai, but distinguished by the
evidently narrower elytra, which in lateral view are less convex longitudinally. The
humeral angles are a good deal produced, but are not sharp, and are closely applied to
the base of the prothorax, the puncturation is strong and dense. This species also
bears a strong resemblance to the following i^P. platygonias), but the deep thoracic
impressions, the extremely coarsely punctured elytra, and the strong constriction of
the head behind the eyes, in the latter species, will easily distinguish it.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.) ; two examples (^ and $) taken.

(39) Proterhimis platygonias, sp. nov.

Nigropiceus, pallide squamosus, elytris plus minusve rufescentibus et nigro-
maculatis. Caput post oculos fortiter constrictum. Pronotum profunde 3-impressum,
minus dense squamosum, grossius rugoso punctatum. Elytra inaequalia, grosse punc-
tata, utrinque juxta scutellum tuberculata, humeris fortiter, nee acute, productis.
%. Long. 2-5 — vix 3 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 12, $.)

Black, the elytra reddish with black markings posteriorly, antennae red at the base
or nearly altogether black. Head constricted behind the eyes, so that a ridge is formed
between the vertex and front. Antennae not stout, nor long, the basal of the three
terminal joints not very different to the 8th, the two terminal ones much wider, and
short. Thorax very uneven owing to the three extremely deep depressions, its
puncturation dense and rugose. Elytra with pale squamosity, and some rather short
white erect setae, the surface uneven, the ridges which extend back from the humeral
angles being evident at the base, and sometimes distinct to nearly the apex. On either
side near the scutellum is a rather strong tubercle, covered with white squamosity, and
between these and the shoulders the elytra are deeply impressed, as is readily seen in a
lateral view. The humeral angles are strongly produced, but not very sharp, and
closely applied to the base of the thorax. The puncturation is extremely coarse.
Lobes of the front tarsi unusually small.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.). Two female e.xamples taken in
February, 1896. In one the antennae and tarsal lobes are black or nearly so, in the
other (excepting the apical joints of the former) both are red. The latter example
has the longitudinal ridges of the elytra less distinct, and the eyes decidedly less
prominent.

COLEOPTERA 205

(40) Proterhinus vestittis Sharp.

Protej-hinus vestitus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 16. Tr. Dubhn Soc.
III. 1885, PI. V. fig. n^-] and 38.

Typical examples of this species have a very distinctive appearance, ov^^ing to the
extremely sudden constriction of the thorax in front. I have only seen one rather
small example v^^hich quite resembles the types in structure, but specimens from the
Waianae range have the thorax in some cases hardly less abrupdy constricted, and must
be referred to the same species, although they form a well-marked local variety
{^P. vcstitns, var. heterostictiis). These examples also have the setae of the elytra and
legs generally less elongate, and the black or dark markings of the elytra are more
lateral in position. The species is closely allied to P. eulcpis but the elytra are in
general less wide and short, the shoulders less produced, and the erect setae longer.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn) ; Waianae mountains, both
sides.

(41) Proterhinus robiistus Blackb.

Proterhimis robusttis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 171.

Extremely close to P. vestitus but probably distinct. Like that species it is
variable, but in its typical form it differs from typical examples of P. vestitus, in having
the thorax but little constricted in front and less narrowed behind, the hind angles
distinctly marked by a spot of pale squamosity. The elytra have shorter and less
conspicuous erect setae, those on the legs being also much shorter. The basal joint of
the antennae is unusually long, being fully as long as the two following joints together.
Apart from the pale spots at the hind angles the thorax has very little squamosity, so
that the puncturation is quite conspicuous, being very dense, and somewhat coarse.
The curved setae at the sides are short and very feebly developed. I have not seen
a ^ of this species. Length 2 — 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains, found in the lowest forest. Only a few female
examples were collected.

(42) Proterhinus sicbplanatus, sp. no v.

Nigricans, parum dense squamosus, P. anguiai'i cognatissimus, antennis plerumque
brevioribus, minus gracilibus, forma magis depressa (sive deplanata), distinguendus.
^ $. Long. 2 — 2 '5 mm.

A somewhat obscure species, evidently closely allied to P. angularis. From

27 — 2

2o6 FAUNA HAWAII ENSIS

typical individuals of that species it is readily distinguished by the much less con-
spicuous setae on the elytra, and the hardly visible curved setae at the sides of the
prothorax. From the less typical examples which I have referred to P. angtdaris, it may
be known by the shorter and less slender antennal joints, and its evidently flattened, or
subdepressed form.

The shoulders of the elytra are formed as in P. angtdaris, and are likewise marked
with pale squamosity, but as a rule less conspicuously, and the basal ventral segment of
the abdomen is strongly punctate.

Hab. Oahu, Halemano (Koolau range) (2000 ft.), in January, 1893.

(43) Proterhimis simplex Sharp.

Proterhimis simplex Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 17.

The examples from which this species was described, appear to me to be not only
immature, but also particularly small and ill-developed specimens. Large individuals
are twice the size of the specimens sent by Mr Blackburn, and altogether wider and
more bulky, the colour pitchy or reddish pitchy, the elytra red, with dark markings
laterally, about the middle, and extending sometimes to the suture. The squamosity
is not continuous, there being an oblique spot near the shoulders of the elytra and
others behind these. The setae are shorter, and less conspicuous, than those of fresh
examples of P. obscuricolor, vestitus and others. The prothorax is much wider, and has
the sides much more strongly rounded than in the type, and is often distinctly 3-im-
pressed. The eyes, the tarsal lobes, and humeral angles of the elytra are often all
much more developed, but all of them vary, even in the larger examples. Length
2 — nearly 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu. Both mountain ranges, at elevations of 2000 — 3000 ft.

(44) Proterhimis oxygonias, sp. nov.

P. scutato forma facieque simillimus, colore plerumque minus obscuro, elytrorum
angulis humeralibus fortius et acutius productis, distinguendus. ^%. Long. 2*25 —
275 mm.

This species appears to be very closely allied to P. scutatus, from which it differs
generally by its less obscure {i.e. more red) colour, the less evenly rounded sides of the
thorax, and the more strongly and acutely produced humeral angles of the elytra.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (2000 ft.). A single example taken in the
Waianae range of the same island appears to be a variety of this species.

COLEOPTERA 207

{45) Proterhimis leptothrix, sp. nov.

Haud latus, rufescens, elytris plus minus nigro- vel fusco-signatis. Oculi minores.
Antennae mediocres, clava 2-articulata, articulo 9° vix quam 8"' evidenter latiore. Pro-
notum parum squamosum, dense rugoso-punctatum, setisque erectis gracillimis versus
latera sat conspicue vestitum, antice impressum, angulis posticis macula pallida squamosa
signatis. Elytra plus minusve albido-squamosa, setis erectis gracillimis et elongatis
conspicue vestita, humeris acutis, plus minusve productis. Pedes setis conspicue
elongatis vestiti, tarsorum anticorum lobis parvis. $. Long. 2 — 2 "5 mm. (Plate IX.

% 13. ?■)

A very distinct species, owing to the form of the antennae, and the e.xtremely fine
and more than usually elongate setae, which clothe the elytra and legs. The club of the
antennae can hardly be considered as consisting of more than two joints, as the 9th
in whatever aspect it is viewed is hardly different in form to those that precede it.
A single example taken in the same locality as the $ above described is no doubt the $,
as it differs only in being smaller and in the usual se.xual characters, but it is a good
deal abraded.

Hab. Oahu ; Kaala (3000 ft.), Waianae range ; 2 ? taken together in December,
1892, and a single $ in the same month but on another occasion.

(46) Proterhinus seticollis, sp. nov.

Praecedenti cognatissimus, sed colore obscuriore, setisque erectis elytrorum minus
longis gracilibusque distinguendus. ^ $. Long. 2 — 2*75 mm.

This species is very closely allied to P. leptothrix, and may possibly on the
examination of a long series prove to be a form of that species. It is very easily
distinguished, so far as the few examples taken are concerned, by the different clothing,
the erect setae being much less elongate and slender. It is also generally of a darker
colour, and superficially greatly resembles P. scutatiis, from which it is abundantly
distinct by the 2-jointed club of the antennae, the stronger longitudinal furrows of the
rostrum in the ?, the patch of white squamosity at the hind angles of the thorax, which
bears conspicuous erect setae, &c.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.) ; a few examples taken on the opposite
side of the range to the locality for P. leptothrix.

2o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(47) Proterhinus longulus Sharp.

Proterhimis longulus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1S79, p. 97.

I have examined only the types, one t and one %, of this species, which are in
Dr Sharp's collection. It is very closely allied to P. epitretus of Lanai, and P. ferru-
gineus of Hawaii, under which species I have pointed out the characters whereby these
allied forms may be distinguished.

Hab. Oahu mountains, in stems of fern (Blackburn).

(48) Proterhinus paradoxus Sharp.

Proterhimis paradoxus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 100. Tr. Dublin

Soc. III. 1885, PI. V. fig. 36.
I have never met with this species, which is evidently allied to the following
(T-". oahuensis).

Hab. Mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn).

(49) Proterhinus oahuensis, sp. nov.

Haud latus, nitidus, ferrugineus, setis erectis flavescentibus vestitus, hand squa-
mosus. Antennae graciliores, articulis 2 basalibus sat robustis. Oculi parvi, a pronoto
longe remoti. Pronotum subnitidum, antice fortiter impressum, impressionibus posteri-
oribus minus distinctis. Elytra nitida, sat elongata, grosse subseriatim punctata, suturam
versus utrinque oblique longitudinaliter carinata, carina quoque longitudinali ab angulis
humeralibus extensa, setis erectis flavescentibus elongatis, aliisque brevioribus, conspicue
vestita. Femora omnia gracilia, tibiis anticis gracillimis et elongatis, lobis tarsorum
minutissimis. ^. Long. 2 '5 mm. (Plate X. fig. 4.)

This species is very distinct, and obviously allied to P. paradoxus, but has
the elytra of different form, these not being rectangularly deflexed laterally, nor con-
spicuously flattened above. The shoulders are nearly rectangular, and from each a
distinct carina extends backwards, and internal to these towards the suture other two of
the interstices are distinctly raised and form obliquely longitudinal carinae. The basal
abdominal segment beneath is very coarsely punctured and the segmental sutures are
extremely deep.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu; i t taken in May, 1896.

COLEOPTERA 209

(50) Pi'oterhinus kaalae, sp. no v.

Piceo-niger, antennis tarsisque rufotestaceis, minutus, sat robustus. Antennae
graciles, elongatae, articulo primo fortissime incrassato, clava distincte 2-articulata.
Oculi parvi. Pronotum grosse punctatum, setis erectis pallidis vestitum, haud squa-
mosum. Elytra brevia, lata, pronoto fere bis latiora, grossissime punctata, haud
squamosa, setis per elongatis albidis supra sex-seriatim vestita. Femora omnia cum
tibiis setis longis albidis vestita, tarsorum lobis anticorum sat magnis. Z- Lono-. vix
2 mm. (Plate X. fig. 3.)

One of the smallest, but quite one of the most remarkable of all the known species.
There is no squamous clothing, but the erect setae are whitish, and very long and
conspicuous, and form three rows on each wing-case, those of the series next to the
suture being shorter than the others. The setae in each row are distant and very
regular, and of even length, not consisting of some short and some long ones intermixed,
as in most of the conspicuously setae species. Similar setae clothe the legs and thorax,
and the sculpture of the latter and of the elytra is very coarse. The lobes of the front
tarsi are rather large for the size of the insect, the claw-joint short, not projecting very
far beyond the lobes. The basal joint of the antennae is extremely wide, the inter-
mediate joints slender, the club consisting of 2 joints only. The elytra are short and
wide.

Hab. Oahu. A single t was taken on Kaala in the Waianae mountains.

(51) Proterhimis archaetts, sp. nov.

Depressus, nigricans vel piceus, parum squamulosus, setis conspersis erectis sat
conspicue vestitus. Antennae rufae, articulo secundo sat elongate sed, quam tertius,
robustiore. Oculi prominuli, setigeri. Pronotum dense rugoso-punctatum, setis erectis
elongatis vestitum. Elytra parum vel haud squamosa, setis erectis sparsim sed con-
spicue vestita, crebre confuseque punctata, dorso deplanato vel depresso, basi utrinque
subtuberculato, angulis humeralibus distinctis, fere rectis. Femora minus fortiter
clavata, tarsorum anticorum lobis parvis. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale
grosse et sat crebre punctatum. Rostrum % breve, vix longius quam latius, fortiter
longitudinaliter rugosum. ^ %. Long. 2'2 — 3"2 mm.

Allied to P. blackburni but quite distinct by its depressed or flattened form,
less numerous erect setae, &c.

Hab. Oahu. Koolau range behind Waialua. A single example (var. diversus),
taken in the same range near Honolulu, has the elytra less flattened, the thorax strongly
transverse, and the erect setae of the elytra decidedly shorter. It will probably prove
to be a distinct species. The typical form lives beneath the bark of Straussia.

2IO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(52) ProterJiimis obsciirus Sharp.

Proterhimis obsairus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 18.

This species was described on a single example of the female, but subsequently in
Trans. Dublin Soc. Vol. iii, 1885, was referred in the systematic Catalogue (p. 250) to
P. simplex as a variety. I believe it to be distinct from that species, but both varying
greatly, it becomes impossible to form an adequate description that will apply to all the
individuals of each. Certainly in what I consider to be well-developed examples of the
two the species are readily distinguished.

In its well-developed and typical form the ^ of P. obscitrus is shorter and wider
than the female, and generally rather darker in colour. The antennae are moderately
long, but the intermediate joints are not very slender, and the first of the three club
joints is not very different to the following. The basal joint is short and very stout.
Eyes but little prominent. Thorax wide and very strongly rounded at the sides, with
the squamosity forming dense lateral patches, but sparser on the dorsum. There is an
evident anterior impression, but the curved erect setae at the sides are altogether
absent, or very indistinct. The elytra vary in colour from nearly entirely black, to a
dull red with dark markings, and are rather scantily squamose, and bear, especially
posteriorly, some short, pale, erect, but inconspicuous setae. The humeral angles are
not acute, nor very distinct, and are sometimes quite effaced. All the femora are
strongly incrassate and clavate, and the lobes of the front tarsi are moderately large.

The female is generally more slender, the thorax less wide, the elytra longer, and
their colour less dark, and the squamous covering more regular.

In the Waianae mountains there is found what appears to be a dwarf form of the
above species, the smallest examples of which are very minute, and most of the structural
characters are accordingly modified.

Hab. Oahu. Koolau range (1500 — 3000 ft.); small van in the Waianae moun-
tains at similar elevations.

(53) Proterhiims oscillans Sharp.

Proterhimis oscillans Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 18.

As I understand it, this is not a very variable species, and I have examined
numerous examples that agree well enough with the types. As a rule the species is
constant in colour and may be recognised easily by this. Small examples have the
tarsal lobes diminished in size, and in some the humeral angles of the elytra are less
indistinct than in others, and the elytra do not always become distinctly narrowed
towards the base. The rostrum of the $ is normally very decidedly narrowed from the
apex to the base. Length from r5 to 275 mm.

Hab. Oahu. Both mountain ranges. Not rare from 1500 — 3000 ft.

COLEOPTERA 211

(54) Proterhinus pachycnemis, sp. nov.

Rufescens, elytris nigrosignatis. Antennae mediocres, articulo secundo, quam
tertius, haud minus longo, sed multo crassiore, clava sat evidenter 3-articulata. Prono-
tum latera versus sat dense squamosum, lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra
pallide squamosa, setisque pallidis erectis conspersim vestita, humeris subobscuris, haud
productis. Femora antica et postica miro modo incrassata, intermediis multo crassiora.
t. Long. 2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 14. ^.)

This species, which somewhat resembles P. oscillans or P. obscnrus, is quite distinct
by the elongate second joint of the antennae, and the extraordinarily incrassated femora,
the hind femur being about twice as wide as the intermediate, which itself is more
robust than in most of the species. A second and much damaged ^, which I refer to
this species, is totally different in superficial aspect, being black, with only small parts
of the thorax and elytra obscurely red, and the latter less nearly parallel-sided.

Hab. Oahu. Kaala (2500 ft.), Waianae range. Two ^ examples taken, one on
the windward and the other the opposite side of the range.

(55) Proterhinus laticollis, Blackb.

Proterhimcs laticollis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 170.

(Plate IX. fig. 15, and 15a. Z-)

The male of this species is a very remarkable insect, not only on account of its
extremely wide thorax, as indicated by Blackburn in his description, and by the name
which he applied to it, but still more so by the structure of the terminal joint of the
front tarsi, which is unlike that of any other of the genus. This joint is so extremely
shortened that it only just extends as far as the apex of the lobes of the preceding one.
The antennae are more than usually elongate and slender, and the front femora very
strongly incrassate, as compared with the hinder ones. In some examples the elytra
are quite evidently impressed across the base, but in others no trace of this is to be
detected. The $ of P. laticollis, on the other hand, is comparatively commonplace,
since neither thorax nor tarsi present the peculiar features exhibited in the $. It is
only to be recognised by its general similarity in colour, clothing, and the elongate and
slender antennae. As in the Z, the base of the elytra is sometimes sub-impressed.
Length 2 — 2'5 mm.

Hab. Waianae mountains, Oahu. About 17 examples taken.
F. H. ir. 28

212 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(56) Proierhhms vicimis, sp. nov.

Species parva, angustula, rufescens, capita, necnon saepe pronoto plus minusve
infuscatis, elytrorum marginibus lateralibus, et nonnunquam maculis quibusdam dorsali-
bus, niericantibus. Antennarum $ articulus basalis robustus, sed minus brevis, hoc
cum sequentibus rufo, articulis apicalibus nigris, clava distincte 3-articulata. Pronotum
baud latum, antice impressum, aequaliter (vix dense) squamis vestitum. Elytra angusta,
lateribus saepe fere parallelis, pallide, baud maculatim, squamosa, setisque brevibus
albidis erectis parce inconspicueque vestita, angulis humeralibus baud productis. Oculi
et tarsorum anticorum lobi parvi. $ ?. Long, vix 2 — 2-25 mm.

The affinities of this insect are with five of the Kauai species, P. serricor7iis and
the four following, rather than with any other of the Oahuan forms. With those species
it agrees in general form, colour, and clothing, as also in the very short rostral portion
of the head in the t, and, considering its minute size, in the rather strongly developed
basal joint of the antennae. It cannot however be referred to any of those species, for
the antennae, which are neither long nor yet particularly slender, and of which neither
the 3-jointed club, nor the intermediate joints present any special features, will agree
with none of them. The sexes apparently are almost similar, except for the usual
sexual differences.

Hab. Oahu. Taken only in the Waianae mountains, and not numerously.

(57) Proterhinus pusillus Sharp.

Proterhinus pjisillus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 97.

This is a very minute and obscure insect, and may not improbably prove to be a
depauperated form of some other species. It belongs to the most difficult and obscure
section of the genus, and has no striking characters of any sort. It appears to approach
closely to some varieties of P. deceptor, and also to minute examples of P. obscurus.

Hab. Oahu mountains near Honolulu, 1500 — 2000 ft. (Blackburn.)

C. Species insulae Maui propriae.

(58) Proterhinus validus Sharp.

Proterhinus validus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 531.
(Plate IX. fig. 16. i.)

The antennae in this species are decidedly more elongate and less thick in some
examples than in others. The length varies from 4 — 6 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; many examples taken on Acacia koa.

COLEOPTERA 2 1 3

(59) Proterhinus comes, sp. nov.

Major, piceus, vel obscure rufescens, subbrunneo-squamosus, pronoto elytrisque
setis erectis crebre conspicueque vestitis. Oculi sat magni, fortiter prominentes.
Antennae graciles, articulo secundo brevissimo, clava gracili, elongata, 3-articulata.
Pronotum antice fortiter angustatum et transversim impressum, impressionibus pos-
terioribus rotundatis et distinctis. Elytra dense punctata, longitudinaliter subcari-
nata, margine basali scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculato, humeris fortiter acute
productis. Pedes omnes conspicue setosi, lobis tarsorum anticorum minoribus. ^.
Long. 3-5—4 mm.

Apparently closely allied to P. validus, but a considerably smaller insect
and of less elongate and oblong form. The antennae are quite differently formed,
the intermediate joints being slender and elongate. The eyes also, and the lobes
of the front tarsi, are less developed, and the longitudinal ridges of the elytra
generally more obscure.

Hab. Maui. Three examples of the $ taken on Haleakala (4500 — 5000 ft.) ;
it is probably a variable species, as these examples do not altogether agree in
small points.

(60) Proterhinus lecontei Sharp.

Proterhinus lecontei Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 99 ; Tr. Dublin

Soc. III. 1885, PI. V. fig. 42 ?, fig. 43 t.
Varies greatly in size, some examples being only about half the bulk of a normal
specimen. Length (excluding rostrum) 3*2 — nearly 5 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; not rare, but only on one species of tree, of
which I neglected to obtain a specimen for identification.

(61) Proterhinus sharpi, sp. nov.

Ferrugineus, elytris saepe plus minusve nigricantibus, ferrugineo-squamosus.
Antennae rufescentes, sat graciles. Oculi fortiter prominentes. Pronotum minus
latum, dense squamoso-vestitum, 3-impressum, antice angustatum. Elytra suboblonga,
lateribus subparallelis, utrinque longitudinaliter carinata, carinis postice abrupte trun-
catis, humeris sat fortiter productis. $ %. 2"6 — 375 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 17. $.)

In the form of the elytra this species can only be compared with P. lecontei,
the longitudinal ridges of the elytra being well-marked and abruptly vertical behind,
so that in a posterior view each appears as a strongly elevated tubercle. In

28—2

214 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

general appearance it is very different to lecoKtei, but in reality the two are really
related.

Colour ferruginous, as also the squamosity, the elytra sometimes partly or even
entirely black. Eyes large, strongly prominent ; antennae slender, with evidently
3-jointed club, generally entirely of a clear red colour. Prothorax subelongate, densely
squamose, with three well-marked impressions, at the sides with some curved suberect
setae. Elytra elongate, subparallel-sided, tuberculate at the base on either side of
the scutellar region, depressed between these tubercles and the produced humeral
angles, flattened or even somewhat depressed dorsally between the well-marked longi-
tudinal ridges, which terminate abruptly behind. When the elytra are reddish in colour
they have a ferruginous squamosity, but when their colour is black the squamosity dis-
appears ; erect, thin setae are also scattered over the surface, especially at the sides
and posteriorly. Lobes of the front tarsi somewhat large.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.), in the same localities as P. lecontei, but with
very different habits, this species being found only on a species of fern, while P. lecontei
frequents one of the forest trees.

(62) Proterhinus tuberculiceps, sp. nov.

Rufescens, elytris plus minusve nigro-maculatis, antennis, pedibusque omnibus
rufis. Caput inter oculos fortiter bituberculatum. Oculi fortiter prominentes.
Antennae graciles, elongatae, clava distincte 3-articulata, sat elongata. Pronotum
perinaequale, fortissime 3-impressum, impressione anteriore transversa, antice abrupte
constrictum. Elytra longitudinaliter subcarinata, setis erectis gracillimis, sat conspicuis,
vestita, humeris fortiter productis. Z%- Long. 3*5 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 18. Z-)

A very distinct species, entirely reddish in colour, except for some small, and more
or less inconspicuous, dark spots on the elytra. The eyes are strongly prominent, and
there is a strong tubercle close to the inner margin of each. The prothorax is very
uneven, the anterior impression extending right across it, while the two posterior ones
are deep, but smaller, and roundish. In front the constriction is strong and abrupt,
and there and at the sides the suberect, curved setae are very evident. The lobes of
the front tarsi are well developed. The elytra have their shoulders strongly produced,
the suture a little raised, and a sufficiently evident longitudinal ridge running backwards
from the humeral angles of each. The erect setae are long, fine, and conspicuous. All
the femora are strongly clavate, a little more so in the ^ than in the ?. The rostrum
of the % is only moderately long, and is smooth and shining, with the longitudinal
grooves fine.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 ft.) ; 2 ^, i ? taken.

COLEOPTERA 215

(63) Proterlmms sternalis Sharp.

Proterhintis sternalis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 98.

(Plate IX. figs. 19 and 19 a. t)

This species is remarkable for the great developement of the eyes, and tarsal lobes,
the concavity of the prosternum from the front to the base, and the unusual clothing of
the intermediate tibiae, which bear long and soft hairs, instead of the usual short and
stiff setae. The ridges of the elytra are quite well-marked, especially when these are
observed in lateral view. Length from 2 '2 — 2 '3 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; not very common, only about 20
examples were taken.

{64) Proterhintis sternalioides, sp. nov.

Sat latus, nigricans vel rufo-niger, antennis, pedibus, elytrisque plus minusve
rufescentibus, his riigro-notatis, praecedenti sp. cognatissimus. Oculi magni. Prono-
tum antice constrictum, fortiter 3-impressum, minus latum. Elytra subinaequalia,
pallide squamosa, setisque erectis elongatis vestita, basi scutellum ju.xta utrinque
tuberculata, humeris fortiter productis. $%. Long. 2'2 — 375 mm.

This species is extremely like P. sterna/is, which it resembles in colour, form,
&c. The longitudinal ridges of the elytra are rather less pronounced, and the face
of the $ (including the rostrum) is evidently more elongate. The rostrum of the
$ is slightly longer, its surface slightly rugulose all over. The intermediate tibiae
are clothed with shorter setae, and the lobes of the front tarsi of the ^ are of rather
different form, being rather more narrow and elongate, the whole joint having a less
quadrate form. The hind coxae of the d' are distinctly more widely separated, and the
prosternum is impressed only along its anterior margin, not longitudinally sulcate down
the middle from front to base as in Z'. sternalis.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; several examples taken, probably in company
with P. sternalis.

(65) Proterhinus microtarsus, sp. nov.

Atro-piceus, elytris rufescentibus, nigro-notatis, antennis pedibusque totis rufis.
Antennae elongatae, graciles, articulo i elongato sed robusto, quam tertius longiore,
caeteris elongatis, clava gracili, distinctissime 3-articulata. Oculi magni. Vertex a
fronte capitis haud distinctus. Pronotum perinaequale, antice subito fortiterque con-
strictum. Elytra squamulosa, longitudinaliter subcarinulata (lateraliter compressa), setis

2i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

pallidis elongatis sat conspicue vestita, humeris fortiter productis. Tibiae anticae
graciles, elongatae ; femora omnia fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anticorum minimis.
cT. Long. 3 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 20 and 20a. rf".)

This remarkable species is very distinct from any other. The antennae are long
and slender, concolorous with the legs, of a clear rufotestaceous colour. The basal
joint is elongate but rather stout, all the rest are elongate and slender, as also is the dis-
tinctly 3-jointed club. Prothorax very abruptly constricted, and transversely impressed
in front, the impression deeper about the middle. The two posterior sublateral impres-
sions are also distinct, and behind these the middle part of the thorax is seen (especially
in lateral view) to be somewhat strongly elevated, the elevation subsulcate. All the
femora are strongly incrassate, the front tibiae unusually long and slender, the lobes of
the front tarsi excessively small for the size of the insect. Elytra subparallel-sided for
their basal half with pale squamosity, and conspicuous, very fine, erect, pale setae.
Seen from the side they are somewhat compressed laterally, to form the rather obscure
longitudinal ridges. Their humeral angles are strongly produced.

A female taken in the same locality as the c/ no doubt belongs to the same
species, although at first sight of very different appearance. The antennae are formed
like those of the <?, the eyes are smaller but more prominent. Rostrum short, not
nearly twice as long as wide, the surface entirely rugulose. The whole insect is
blackish, except the reddish tibiae and tarsi and the greater part of the antennae, the
club-joints being obscure in colour. The prothorax is less elevated posteriorly than
that of the ^, and the elevated portion is not evidently sulcate. The elytra are a good
deal longer, entirely black, the sides nearly parallel except at the ape.x. Femora
strongly clavate as in the Z, the front tibiae also long, and the lobes of the tarsi small.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 ft.) ; rare, only one <S and one % having been taken.

(66) Protei'hinus megalotarsiis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elytris rufescentibus vel piceis, pedibus antennisque saepe plus minusve
rufescentibus. Oculi sat magni, subconici, fortiter prominentes. Antennae mediocres,
clava distincte 3-articulata. Pronotum pallide squamosum, profunde 3-impressum, vix
latum (feminae elongatum), lateribus rotundatis. Femora ^ fortiter incrassata, lobis
tarsorum anticorum magnis. Elytra pallide squamosa, setisque gracilibus erectis sat
conspicue vestita, fortius (nee inaequaliter) convexa, sutura subelevata, humeris fortiter
acute productis. ^ $. Long. 2-8 — 3-25 mm.

A rather distinct species, at least in the ^, but apparently variable, the antennae
being a good deal shorter, in some examples than in others. There is no distinct ridge
between the vertex and front of the head in either sex. The eyes are large, very

COLEOPTERA

217

prominent and subconical. In the Z the lobes of the front tarsi are largely developed
and wide, but evidently less so in the female, in which sex the rostrum is smooth and
shining, with two fine longitudinal grooves. The elytra have only faint, sometimes
indeed no traces of longitudinal ridges, but the suture itself is quite evidently raised.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala ; a few examples taken at and below an elevation of
4000 ft.

(67) Protcrhinus heniichlorus, sp. nov.

Nigricans, pallide squamosus, antennis pedibus elytrorumque basi plus minusve
rufescentibus, P. /^/«;/t77r// cognatissimus. Antennae, oculi, tarsorumque anticorum lobi,
mediocres, haudquaquam insignes. Pronotum minus dense squamosum, setis curvatis
parum conspicuis, 3-impressum, impressione antica transversa, duabus posticis distinc-
tissime rotundatis. Elytra plus minusve nigricantia, plaga basali conspicue pallido-
squamosa parceque nee fortiter punctata, sutura subelevata, humeris productis. Femora
postica haud fortiter incrassata. t%. Long. 17 — 2-8 mm.

A small species with rather a distinctive appearance, owing to a patch of dense
pale, often nearly white, squamosity, which covers the basal third or even half of the
elytra, over which part the puncturation appears sparse and feeble. The erect setae are
chiefly placed on the hinder part of the elytra, but they are sparse and not very con-
spicuous. The femora are only moderately robust. Closely allied to P. hmieralis
but distinguished by the less developed tarsal lobes, eyes, and antennae, the less
incrassate femora, and other less important characters. As in that species the elytra
are without evident longitudinal ridges, and there is none between the front and vertex
of the head.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; a few examples of each sex taken.

(68) Proterhinus humeralis Sharp.

Proterhimis humeralis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 96.

A rather distinct species, at least in the ^. Apparently allied to P. sternaiioides,
but a decidedly narrower and more elongate insect. The antennae of the ^ are rather
longer and at the same time stouter than in most of the species, and the lobes of the
front tarsi are strongly developed, although not to the extent of those of P. sierna/is.
In both sexes, but especially so in the $, the femora are more strongly incrassate than
is usual, but all the specific characters of the ? are much less pronounced than in the $.
There is no ridge formed between the front and vertex of the head.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.); I have seen only the two type specimens,
and two or three others taken by myself.

2i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(69) P roterhinus bi'evipennis, sp. nov.

Rufescens vel rufo-piceus, antennis pedibusque totis, vel ex parte, rufis, pallide
squamosus, forma breviore. Antennae graciles. Oculi prominentes. Pronotum sat
dense aureo-squamosum, antice fortiter angustatum, aut nonnumquam abrupte con-
strictum, profunde 3-impressum, medio longitudinaliter subsulcato, antice et ad latera
setis curvatis suberectis, sat conspicuis, vestitum. Elytra rufescentia, pallide squamosa,
parte apicali nigra vel nigro-maculata, dorso plus minusve inaequali, irregulariter
punctato, setis erectis brevibus longioribusque intermixtis sat conspicuis, humeris fortiter
productis. Femora minus fortiter incrassata. tt- Long. 2 '5 — y2 mm.

A variable species, typical examples of which are easily distinguished. The basal
two-thirds of the elytra are covered with pale squamosity (except generally on some
black spots), and this pale portion is often flattened or subdepressed, between the more
or less evident longitudinal ridges. In well-developed examples there are also traces of
transverse ridges. The puncturation has a peculiarly irregular appearance. The
antennae are quite slender, clear red except at the apex, but not very long. The eyes
are of moderate size and prominent, and there is more or less trace of a dividing ridge
between the vertex and front of the head. The rostrum of the % is finely longitudinally
rugulose and dull. The femora are not very strongly clavate. The coxae are all
equally widely separated, and the basal segment of the abdomen beneath has a dull and
densely and minutely granulate appearance.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.); about two dozen examples taken.

(70) Proterhinus epichrystis, sp. nov.

Rufo-niger, elytris rufescentibus, plus minusve nigro-maculatis. Antennae
graciles, sat elongatae. Oculi fortiter prominentes. Frons capitis a vertice carina
distincta transversa separata. Pronotum squamis pallidis aureis densius vestitum,
fortiter 3-impressum, setis suberectis curvatis ad latera conspicuis. Elytra nigro-
maculata, pallide squamosa, setisque albidis elongatis conspicue vestita, fortiter punctata,
fere aequaliter convexa, sutura elevatula, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata,
humeris fortiter acute productis. ^ $. Long. 27 — 4 mm.

A rather large species, but very variable in size, ill-developed examples being only
about one-third or one-fourth the bulk of the larger ones. The head and thorax are
densely clothed with a very pale golden squamosity, the eyes are strongly prominent
and usually of conical shape, the antennae elongate and slender with well-marked
3-jointed club. Thoracic impressions deep and distinct. Elytra red with black
markings, coarsely punctured, the longitudinal ridges little or not at all evident, tubercu-
late at the base on either side near the scutellum, the humeral angles strongly produced

COLEOPTERA

219

and acute. Their clothing consists of pale squamosity, which is not very dense, and is
absent from the dark markings, and numerous elongate white, erect setae, which are
conspicuous. The femora are not very stout, the lobes of the tarsi are somewhat
variable in size, but never very largely developed. The rostrum in the % is short,
generally slightly narrowed to the apex, and the head in both sexes has a very distinct
transverse ridge (rarely interrupted) between the vertex and the front. All the coxae
are widely, and about equally, distant, the basal ventral abdominal segment is minutely
granular, rather than punctured.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; about 40 examples were taken.

(71) Proierhiiuis halcakalac, sp. nov.

Niger, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus. Caput post oculos constrictum, his
fortiter prominentibus. Antennae graciliores. Rostrum % fere opacum, crebre longi-
tudinaliter rugulosum, lateribus parallelis. Pronotum elongatum, lateribus subaequaliter
rotundatis, distincte 3-impressum, impressione antica lata, duabus posticis rotundatis.
Elytra elongata, parce pallide squamosa, setisque erectis albidis parcius vestita, fortiter
punctata, ad basim scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, fere aequaliter convexa, humeris
peracute fortiter productis. Femora minus fortiter clavata, subgracilia, lobis tarsorum
anticorum minoribus. $. Long. 3'5 mm.

Only a single $ of this species was collected, and it appears to be most nearly
related to P. epichrysiis of the Maui species, but more closely still to P. lanaiensis of
Lanai. In colour it is entirely black, except for the dark reddish legs and the rather
more brightly coloured basal joints of the antennae. The transverse ridge between the
vertex and front of the head is very distinct, the eyes are strongly prominent. The
basal of the three joints of the club of the antennae is not very much more developed
than the preceding, so that the club is not very distinct. The anterior impression of
the elongate thorax is large and vague, the two posterior ones small, round, and definite.
The elytra are long, nearly parallel-sided for more than half their length, with traces of
the two longitudinal ridges, at least in certain aspects. All the femora are somewhat
slender, and the lobes of the front tarsi are decidedly small for the size of the insect.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. A single ? was taken on April ist, 1894, at an elevation
of about 5000 ft.

(72) ProterJiiuHS arhopalus, sp. nov.

Nigricans vel piceo-niger, tibiis tarsisque obscurius rufescentibus. Oculi magni,
prominentes. Antennae incrassatae, articulo primo elongato, robuste clavato, secundo
elongato, subtriangulari, tertio hoc paullo longiore, 4°, 5°, 6° et 7° haud longioribus quam
F. H. II. 29

220 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

latioribus, angulis apicalibus posterioribus productis, 9°, 10° et 11° his evidenter gracili-
oribus. Pronotum 3-impressum, lateribus subfortiter rotundatis. Elytra subsquamosa,
setisque erectis pallidis vestita, longitudinaliter subcarinulata, sutura subelevata, basi
scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, humeris acute fortiter productis. Femora
antica fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum maximis. ^. Long, vix 4 mm. (Plate IX.
fig. 21. Z.)

This very remarkable species cannot be confused with any other, on account of the
structure of the antennae, the middle joints of which are produced at their hinder apical
angles, and are actually wider than the terminal ones, which usually form the club.
The front and vertex of the head are not divided by any evident ridge, the eyes are
strongly prominent, and the tarsal lobes of the front feet very large. The elytra when
closely examined are seen to have each a fine ridge about midway between the suture
and lateral margin. These ridges are a good deal more evident in one of the examples
than in the other, and the development of the antennae also is decidedly greater in one
of the two specimens.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. Two male examples taken at an elevation of 5000 ft. in
October, 1896.

{j-^ Proterhiims epitracJiys, sp. nov.

Niger, statura majore, antennis pedibusque nigricantibus. Antennarum articulus
primus brevis et robustus, secundus vix longior quam latior, caeteris elongatis, clava
elongata distinctissime 3-articulata. Oculi permagni, fortiter prominentes. Pronotum
squamosum, lateribus setis conspicuis erectis curvatis vestitis, fortissime 3-impressum,
medium longitudinaliter subsulcatum. Elytra variegato-squamosa, grossissime rugoso-
punctata, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, setis gracilibus erectis conspicue
vestita, sutura subdepressa, humeris fortiter productis. Femora antica sat incrassata,
lobis tarsorum parvis. ^. Long. 4 mm.

A large species, with very large eyes, antennae thick at the base, but becoming
slender before the club-joints, and unusually small lobes to the second joint of the front
tarsi. Thorax deeply impressed in the middle in front, and this impression connected by
a longitudinal groove with a postero-median impression, the two sublateral impressions
very deep and distinct, and rather large, the hind angles marked by a distinct spot of
white squamosity. Elytra uneven, submaculately squamose, impressed between the
basal tubercle and the strongly produced humeral angle on either side, the puncturation
extremely coarse and rugose, the sutural portion subdepressed. The fine erect setae
of the elytra and the curved ones on the prothorax unusually conspicuous. Tibiae
with the setae short and somewhat dense.

Hab. Maui. A single ^ taken on Haleakala in April, 1894, at an elevation of
less than 4000 ft.

COLEOPTERA 221

(74) Protcrliinus separandus, sp. nov.

Rufescens, capite, thorace (plus minusve), antennis, femoribusque obscurioribus.
Capitis vertex a fronte baud divisus. Oculi magni, fortiter prominentes. Antennae
subgraciles, articulo primo crasso et brevi, clava distincte 3-articulata, baud notabili.
Pronotum pallide squamosum, antice abrupte constrictum et transversim impressum,
impressionibus posterioribus minus distinctis, dense rugoso-punctatum. Elytra griseo-
squamosa, sparsim nigro-maculata, obscurius longitudinaliter carinata, basi extrema
bituberculata, humeris productis. Femora sat fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anti-
corum sat magnis. $. Long. 3'2 mm.

This species is quite distinct from any other species known on Maui, but is very
closely allied to the Oahuan P. ruficornis. The single J example described above is
probably somewhat abraded, but there are evident erect pale setae still remaining on the
elytra. There is no trace of a ridge between the front and vertex of the head, and the
eyes are very large and strongly prominent. The antennae are not very slender, their
basal joint is very short and stout, the second slightly longer than wide, the third about
twice as long as this, the club is distinctly formed by three joints, but is not unusually
elongate or in any way remarkable. This will easily distinguish the species from the
Oahuan P. ruficornis, which has the club very strongly developed, its basal joint being
more than usually elongate, very narrow at the base and much widened at the apex.
Basal segment of the abdomen beneath rather strongly punctured, evenly at the sides,
the puncturation becoming obsolete about the middle. Coxae rather less widely
separated than in most of the species.

Hab. Maui. A single example taken in the lao valley in March, 1S94 ; and one
from the mountains of Molokai in 1893 may perhaps belong to the same species.

(75) Protcrhimis mactilatns, sp. nov.

Rufescens, femoribus nigricantibus, elytris nigro-maculatis. Antennae graciles,
rufae, clava vix plus quam 2-articulata. Oculi minores. Pronotum squamosum,
medium sat latum, antice fortiter abrupte constrictum, fortiter 3-impressum, lateribus
setis curvatis conspicue marginatis. Elytra maculatim squamosa, setisque erectis
pallidis parcius vestita, linea obliqua pallide squamosa posthumerali maculisque
rotundis compluribus postice ornata, basi emarginata, humeris distinctis, vel productis.
Femora omnia fortiter incrassata. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale fortiter
sed minus dense punctatum. $%. Long. 2*6 — 3 mm.

I have seen only two examples of this species, and the ? is so different to the
$ in form, owing to the extreme elongation of its elytra, as at first sight to appear

29 — 2

222 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

to be a quite distinct species. No doubt this will prove to be a variable character,
and probably common to either sex, as in many other species of the genus. The
species is not closely allied to any other of those taken on Maui, but rather re-
sembles P. vestitns of Oahu and its allies on Hawaii. It is remarkable for its red
colour, entirely red antennae, the club of which is hardly more than 2-jointed, since
(especially in the $) the ninth joint is but little different to the preceding, and the
strongly clavate black femora in either sex. The elytra have a distinct oblique post-
humeral elongate spot of pale squamosity, and several small roundish ones behind
these, they are subcompressed at the sides but can hardly be said to bear longi-
tudinal ridges. Their puncturation is close and coarse, and their form in the
$ is very long and narrow.

Hab. Maui, lao valley, March 1S94.

(76) Proterhinus osculans, sp. nov.

Parum latus, piceus, rufo-piceus vel rufescens, pedibus plerumque rufis, antennis,
articulo basali saepe excepto, nigris. Oculi minimi sed prominentes. Antennae
graciles, clava vix plus quam 2-articulata, articulo 8° et 9° inter se simillimis (hujus
apice paullo latiore). Pronotum parce squamosum, antice transversim impressum,
depressionibus posticis vel absentibus vel fere obsoletis. Elytra parum squamosa,
post media saepe squamositate pallida binotata, setis erectis brevioribus vestita,
densissime grosse rugoso-punctata, humeris acutis et productis. Femora omnia con-
spicue gracilia. ^%. Long. 2 — 2 '5 mm. (Plate X. fig. 6.)

This is very unlike any of the other Maui species, and it does not indeed appear
to be very closely allied to any other species of the genus. It is chiefly remarkable for
the unusually slender femora, the hardly more than two-jointed antennal club (the tenth
joint being much wider than the ninth, and this not very different to the preceding), and
the somewhat long rostrum of the %, which is narrowed towards the base, the surface
being entirely longitudinally rugose. The eyes are quite small, but prominent, the
squamous covering of the insect is sparse, revealing the dense puncturation, the surface
itself being sometimes even shining, and set with shortish erect setae. The elytra are
without longitudinal ridges, their humeral angles acute and somewhat produced.
Usually the entire insect is covered when captured with an exudation, which conceals
all the structure, and is difficult to remove.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.). About 20 examples taken.

{"]"]) Proterhimis lepiorhynchns, sp. nov.

Parum latus, rufescens, pronoto cum capite obscuriore, irregulariter squamosus.
Oculi parvi, prominuli. Antennae basi excepta nigrae, graciles, clava vix plus quam

COLEOPTERA 223

2-articulata. Pronotum latum, antice abrupte constrictum, densissime punctatum, im-
pressionibus posterioribus absentibus, linea longitudinal! squamositatis densae utrinque
notatum, caetera parte parce squamosa, setis curvatis sat distinctis lateraliter vestitum.
Femora parum fortiter clavata. Elytra irregulariter albido-squamosa, baud inaequalia,
setis perpaucis erectis albidis inconspicue vestita, basim versus sat fortiter angustata,
humeris acutis. Rostrum % gracile, fortius elongatum, basim versus evidenter angus-
tatum. %. Long. 2 '5 mm.

This species is perhaps the most closely allied to P. oscidans, having the
rostrum of the % of very similar form, elongate and widening towards the ape.x, and also
very similar antennae. The general aspect of the two is very different, the abundant
short erect setae, which form the chief portion of the clothing in P. oscidans, being
almost absent in the present species, and there are numerous other distinctions. The
basal abdominal segment beneath closely and strongly punctured at the sides.

Hab. Maui, lao valley. A single % example taken.

(78) ProterJdiius vdrabilis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, tibiis, lobisque tarsorum, rufescentibus. Caput post oculos subcon-
strictum, oculis fortiter prominentibus. Antennae elongatae, vix graciles, articulo
primo fortiter clavato et elongato, secundo robusto, longiore quam latiore, tertio
quartoque elongatis, lateribus fere parallelis, clavae 3-articulatae articulo basali
longiore et evidenter latiore quam articulus octavus. Pronotum profunde 3-impressum,
antice fortiter angustatum, pallide (latera versus densissime) squamosum. Femora
antice fortissime incrassata, lobis tarsorum latis et permagnis. Elytra maculatim
squamosa, setisque erectis albidis parcius vestita, rugoso-punctata, subaequaliter con-
vexa, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, humeris productis. ^. Long, vix
4 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 22.)

A somewhat large species, with the lobes of the front tarsi very strongly developed.
The antennae are also remarkable, the basal joints being elongate but stouter than usual,
the first long and strongly clavate, the next two or three nearly parallel sided, whereas
the two or three preceding the club are short and of triangular shape. The three
terminal joints form a distinct club, the 9th joint being considerably wider at the apex
than the preceding. The head is constricted behind the eyes, an obscure ridge being
formed between the front and the vertex. The thorax is wide across the middle, but
very strongly and abruptly narrowed in front, the two posterior impressions are very
deep, roundish, and small, the front one wide and vague, but deepened at the middle.
The pale squamosity towards the sides is very dense. The elytra have no really
definite longitudinal ridges, but are nearly evenly convex, tuberculate on either side

224 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

of the scutellar region at the extreme base, the humeral angles being produced, but
hardly sharp. The front femora are extremely strongly incrassata, and the white
erect setae on all the tibiae are dense and conspicuous.

Hab. Maui. A single ^ of this fine insect was taken on Haleakala at an
elevation of 5000 ft. in May 1896.

(79) Proterhimis calliphyas, sp. nov.

Nigrescens, tibiis, tarsisque, necnon saepe parte elytrorum et fronte, et rarius
antennis, rufescentibus. Oculi parvi sed prominuli. Antennae graciles, articulis
duobus basalibus sat crassis, clava 3-articulata. Pronotum perinaequale, a latere
visum postice elevatum, medium longitudinaliter plus minusve distincte sulcatum,
latera versus densissime pallide squamosum, lateribus fortissime rotundatis. Elytra
maculatim squamosa, setisque erectis albis parce vestita, paullo post basim vage, sed
evidenter, depressiusculum, humeris productis. Femora omnia sat fortiter incrassata.
Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale dense minute granulato-asperulum, vix
punctatum. ^ $. 2'2 — 3 mm.

Although by no means a large insect this species is rather robust in form, especially
in the Z sex. It is very distinct from most of the other species found on Maui which
have the humeral angles produced, by the form of the prothorax, which, seen from the
side, has the posterior half much elevated above the anterior, by the slender antennae
with the two basal joints stout, and by the rather obscure depression of the elytra a
little behind the basal margin. When in fine condition the elytra are prettily maculate,
and the prothorax towards the sides is very densely squamose, the middle portion much
less so. The dorsal and lateral portions of the thorax are very clearly marked off, the
two forming a sharp edge where they meet, and this edge is set with curved setae.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; generally attached to Alyxia. Allied to
the larger P. mirabilis but very distinct.

(80) Proterhimis persimilis, sp. nov.

Major, fusco-niger, elytris pedibusque fusco-squamosis, P. dispart cognatissi-
mus. Antennae elongatae et gracillimae, articulo secundo brevissimo, tertio fortiter
elongato et gracillimo, clava 3-articulata, perelongata. Oculi fortissime prominentes.
Pronotum antice angustatum et impressum, impressionibus duabus posterioribus sat
distinctis, rotundatis. Elytra squamosa, setisque albidis erectis parce vestita, basi
scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, dorso sutura excepta longitudinaliter impresso,
humeris leviter productis. Femora (praesertim $) insignissime incrassata, lobis tarsorum
anticorum latis. J $. Long. 3-5 — 5 mm. (Plate X. fig. 7.)

COLEOPTERA 225

Closely allied to P. dispar. Sharp, of which species it might be regarded as a
highly-developed local race. The t is remarkable for the development of the rostrum,
which is less short than usual, and the extreme thickness of the femora. The eyes are
large and very prominent, the antennae long and very slender, the lobes of the front
tarsi strongly developed, being unusually wide, and the joint strongly transverse. The
tibiae have a clothing of somewhat fine hairs. These are also mainly the characters of
P. dispar, but that species may be distinguished by the less elongate and slender third
joint of the antennae, and indeed generally by the following joints also being shorter,
and it never attains the size of the larger e.xamples of P. persiniilis.

Hab. Maui, lao valley ; attached to JVikstroemia.

(81) Proterhimis nivicola, sp. nov.

Totus niger, angustus, parce squamosus. Antennae nigrae, graciles, breviores,
clava vix 3-articulata. Oculi minores, minus prominentes. Pronotum subelongatum,
minus distincte 3-impressum, parum squamosum, sed ad angulos posteriores macula
albido-squamosa signatum. Elytra angusta, fortiter punctata, parcius obscure sub-
maculatim squamosa, setis erectis brevissimis et perinconspicuis, basi utrinque scutellum
juxta distincte tuberculata, angulis humeralibus fere rectis. Femora omnia minus fortiter
clavata, lobis tarsorum anticorum minutis. %. Long, vix 3 mm.

Only a single example of the % of this species having been taken nothing is known
as to its variability. It is chiefly distinguished by its general black colour and narrow
elongate form, but possesses no very remarkable characters. The ninth joint of the
antennae is but little different to the preceding, so that the club is apparently 2-jointed.
To the characters given above it may be added that the rostrum is rather short, shining,
and with the longitudinal grooves somewhat strong, and that the basal ventral segment
of the hind-body is strongly and closely punctate over its whole surface. The species
is of interest as being the only one found far above the limit of the true forest.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (9000 ft.) ; taken not many weeks after the disappearance
of a heavy fall of snow.

(82) Proterhinus punctipennis Sharp.

Proterhimis pimctipcnuis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 530.

The examples which served for the original description of this species were large
and well-developed specimens. It is, however, very variable, the development of the
antennae being much less strong in some examples than in others. The puncturation
of the elytra, which is in reality very coarse and close, appears much less striking in
individuals in which the squamous covering is more abundant, and frequently the insect

2 26 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

is entirely or to a large extent covered with an exudation, which altogether conceals or
very much changes the appearance of the sculpture. Generally the insect is red, with
dark lateral markings on the elytra, but some examples are nearly entirely blackish or
piceous, with black antennae. Small individuals with slender antennae certainly closely
approach the Oahuan P. oscillans, but I cannot consider the two species identical.
Length 2 — 3 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; upwards of seventy examples of this
species have been examined.

(83) Proterhimis epiinelas, sp. nov.

Nigricans, tibils tarsisque et rarius femoribus rufescentibus, maculatim pallide
squamosus. Oculi parvi. Antennae graciles, articulo secundo elongato, haud minus
longo, vel etiam (praesertim in %) nonnunquam longiore quam tertius. Pronotum
antice depressum, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, setisque curvatis marginatis, utrinque
plaga sublaterali densissime albido-squamosa. Elytra maculatim squamosa, parcissime
albido-setulosa, punctata, humeris parum distinctis. ^ $. Long, vix 2 — 2"5 mm.

A small species, remarkable for its dark colour, the tibiae and tarsi alone being as a
rule of a red or pitchy colour, and for the elongation of the second joint of the antennae,
which is subequal to the third in length, or not infrequently decidedly the longer of the
two. The prothorax is very densely squamose towards the sides, less so towards the
middle. The elytra have no longitudinal ridges, but are more or less perceptibly,
though vaguely, impressed transversely a little behind the base, and therefore have a
slight appearance of elevation at the extreme base in the region of the scutellum. The
humeral angles are obscure.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; an extensive series taken. This insect varies
a good deal in size, but is never a large and often a minute species.

(84) Proterhinus 7'ujicollis, sp. nov.

Rufescens, elytris nonnunquam plus minusve nigro-marginatis, supra rarius nigro-
infuscatis, parum dense squamosus. Antennae graciles, sat elongatae, ruficolores,
articulis apicalibus nonnunquam nigricantibus. Pronotum plerumque (^ saltem) sat
latum, medium parce, latera versus densius, aureo-squamosum, vix evidenter punctatum,
antice transversim impressum. Elytra irregulariter nee dense squamosa, squamis
saepe maculas minus distinctas rotundatas formantibus, dense et sat distincte punctata,
setis erectis evidenter vestita, angulis humeralibus haud acutis. Femora postica minus
fortiter clavata, lobis tarsorum anticorum parvis. ^ %. Long. r8 — 2*2 mm.

COLEOPTERA 227

One of the smallest species of the genus generally remarkable for being entirely,
or for the most part, of a rufescent colour. The series of over a score of individuals
exhibit not a little variation, and the tendency in some of them to become very narrow
and elongate in form is remarkable, although a similar tendency is observed in several
other species. Certain individuals approach very closely to some varieties of P. deceptor,
but I cannot consider the two species identical.

Hab. Maui, lao valley. A series of examples taken in March 1894. All were
obtained at the same time and place. A single example taken on Molokai perhaps
belongs to this species.

D. Species insulae Lanai propriae.

(85) Proterhimis insignis Sharp.

Proterhimis insignis Sharp. Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1SS5, p. 173. PI. V. fig. 44
and 45.

This species is distinct at a glance by its large size (although it is of rather narrow
form), and the very strongly elongate slender antennae of the ^, with their exceeding
long but stout basal joint. In the % this joint also is extremely elongated, but less so
than that of the ^. Length 3 '5 — 4*5 mm.

Hab. Lanai, mountains (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; rare, only about a dozen examples
were taken.

(86) Proterhimis loiigicornis Sharp.

Proierhimis longicornis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 173.

Z readily distinguished by the unusually long antennae, and especially of the 8th
joint, which is longer than the following or basal joint of the club. The antennae of
the % are much shorter, but the unusual length of the 8th joint is noticeable also in this
sex. The species appears to be most closely allied to P. kamptarthrus of Oahu, but
the two are very distinct. Length 2-5 — 375 mm.

Hab. Lanai, mountains ; rare, less than a score of specimens taken.

(87) Proterhinus lanaiensis, sp, nov.

Statura majore, suboblongus, rufo-niger, elytris plus minusve variegatis. Antennae

gracillimae, rufae, apicibus nonnunquam nigris, clava distincte 3-articulata. Oculi

magni, coniformes, fortiter prominentes. Caput post oculos fortiter constrictum. Pro-

notum dense aureo-squamosum, distincte 3-impressum, setis curvatis conspicuis. Elytra

F. H. II. 30

2 28 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

saepe nitida, grosse punctata, plus minus irregulariter vel maculatim squamosa, setis
erectis gracillimis perconspicuis crebre vestita, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata,
humeris fortiter acute productis, lateribus saepe fere parallelis. ^ %. Long. 3 — 4 mm.

When in fresh condition this species is readily distinguished by the distribution of
its squamous covering, and the very conspicuous and extremely fine erect setae, with
vi^hich the elytra are clothed, combined with the characters afforded by its shape,
the elytra being generally of more than usually parallel form, the distinct ridge formed
between the vertex and front of the head, the conical prominent eyes, the coarse
puncturation, and sometimes the shining surface of the elytra. I'here are on these,
in some examples, traces of longitudinal ridges, but they are generally indistinct.
Most closely allied, I think, to P. haleakalae, but certainly distinct. The rostrum
in the % of that species is quite dull, while in P. lanaiensis it is, at least to a con-
siderable extent, shining.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 — 3000 ft. Not common.

(88) Proterhimis ineptus Sharp.

Proterhinus ineptus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 171.
Pi'oterhinus integer Sharp, /. c. p. 172, van

An extraordinarily variable species, of which P. integer Sharp is no doubt a narrow
and highly-developed variety. The prothorax is very variable in length and roundness,
and the size of eyes, tarsal lobes, length of the antennae are all variable characters.
Many of the varieties of this species occur quite constantly, and it is quite probable
that some of these are in the process of becoming distinct species, but between such
forms as P. ineptus and P. integer intermediate varieties certainly occur. The larger
individuals attain a length of about 4 mm., the smallest I have seen is less than 2 mm.
in length, but the latter is quite exceptional.

Hab. Lanai, throughout the forest, from 2000 — 3000 ft. Many examples (from
one to two hundred) examined.

(89) Proterhinus detritus Sharp.

Proterhinus detritus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. 1885, p. 172.

(Plate X. fig. I.)

Of this species I have seen very few examples, the type (j") in Dr Sharp's
collection, and four or five examples taken by myself The former is in very abraded
condition. The examples in the British Museum, which are placed under this name, as

COLEOPTERA

229

determined by Mr Blackburn, are of a quite different species, and not allied to the true
P. detrihis^. The species is remarkable for its red or pitchy red colour, very elongate
elytra, the abrupt narrowing of the prothorax in front, whereby a more or less distinct
angle is formed on each side, the very short second joint to the antennae, and the
deep sulci of the rostrum of the $. The squamosity has not a maculate arrangement,
and is very scanty on the elytra, less so on the thorax, and dense on the face, and is
of a golden colour in fresh examples, in which the erect flavescent setae on the elytra
are quite conspicuous.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. and upwards ; a very scarce species.

(90) Proterhiims epifretus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, ferrugineus, setis erectis sat conspicue vestitus. Antennae ferrugineae,
articulo secundo minus brevi, plus minusve elongato. Pronotum minus latum, saepe
subelongatum, setis appressis, aliisque curvatis et suberectis vestitum, 3-impressum.
Elytra elongata, grossissime punctata, setis elongatis, erectis, et gracillimis vestita,
dorso parum vel baud convexo, angulis humeralibus productis et acutis. $ $. Long.
275 — vix 4 mm. (Plate X. fig. 2.)

On account of the character of its clothing, form, and colour, this species could
only be confused with P. detritus Shp. of those species found in Lanai, but it is
distinct from that species by the form of the prothorax, less short second antennal joint,
and finer and longer erect setae of the elytra, as well as by the smoother and less
strongly grooved rostrum of the $, &c. P. epitretus on Lanai represents the P. longiilus
of Oahu, from which it differs in the more extremely coarse puncturation of the
elytra, and the longer and finer erect setae, and the former character will also readily
separate it from P. ferrugineus of Hawaii. The species varies greatly in size, and
considerably in the length of the antennae. Mirmte examples are only one-half or
one-third the size of the well-developed individuals.

Hab. Lanai, mountains (2000 — ^3000 ft.) ; attached to the stems of the fronds
of the tree-ferns.

(91) Proterhimis hrez'i/orniis, sp. nov.

Sat latus, parum convexus, niger, tibiis tarsisque et nonnunquam antennis etiam
et femoribus rufis, elytris maculatim squamosis. $ antennae fortius elongatae et
graciles, clava elongata 3-articulata. Pronotum latissimum, antice sat abrupte angus-

' Since writing the above I find that three insects were sent by Mr Blackburn to Dr Sharp under the
number 449, and are marked A, B, and C. One of these is the true F. detritus, the other two are examples
of what I consider to be the commonest form of P. angularis, the type specimens of that species being an
unusual variety. These two examples are very different to one another, one being very narrow in form, a
variety which I have taken on several islands in company with the more usual one of P. angularis. The
British Museum examples under P. detritus are also vars. of P. angularis.

30—2

2 30 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

tatum, ibique impressum, ad medium minus dense, latera versus densissime squamosum.
Elytra post basim depressiuscula, maculatim aureo-squamosa, setis perpaucis erectis
parum conspicue vestita, asperula, minus distincte punctata, angulis humeralibus ob-
scurioribus. ^ %. Long, circa 2-5 mm.

This little species is quite distinct, and rather reminds one of P. dispar. It
appears to be very constant in its general appearance, and may be at once recognized
from its nearest allies by its short and wide form, very wide thorax, long, slender
antennae, dark colour, and the maculate arrangement of the squamosity of its elytra.
The % appears to be generally more slender, and of less distinctive appearance than is
the <?, but superficially the sexes much resemble each other.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. Not a common species, about a dozen examples were
taken in the winter of 1894.

(92) Protc7-hi7ms analcis, sp. nov.

Angustulus, sordide niger, vel piceus, squamis aureis irregulariter minus dense
vestitus. Antennae breviores, graciles, nigrae, basi rufa, clava parum abrupte 3-articu-
lata. Pronotum minus latum, saepe plus minusve evidenter 3-impressum vel antice
tantum impressum, lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra subirregulariter squamosa,
setisque brevissimis erectis vestita, basi scutellum juxta utrinque plus minusve tuber-
culata, angulis humeralibus plerumque fere rectis. ^ ?. Long. r5 — 275 mm.

Quite one of the most obscure species of the genus and generally of minute size,
and chiefly distinguished by the fact that it possesses, at least so far as I can see,
no notable peculiarity of structure. The antennae are shorter than in most species,
generally black, with one or more of the basal joints red, sometimes entirely black.
The prothorax frequently shows three impressions, and is not at all wide. The elytra
are usually subtuberculate at the extreme base on each side near the scutellum, and the
squamous clothing is irregular and not dense, the erect setae short. These points and
the obscure colour furnish the best characters, but the insect in reality is quite unlike
any other species found on Lanai, nor will it agree with any of those taken on other of
the islands.

Hab. Lanai, mountains ; some dozens of this species have been examined.

(93) Protcrhimis epichlorus, sp. nov.

^ rufescens, rarius rufo-niger, pallide, vix vel baud maculatim, squamosus. Anten-
nae fortiter elongatae, articulo secundo elongato, quam tertius vix vel haud minus longo.
Pronotum latum, subaequaliter sat dense aureo-squamosum, lateribus fortiter rotundatis.

COLEOPTERA 231

Elytra pallida squamosa, necnon setis brevibus erectis vestita, basi scutellum juxta
subelevata, angulis humeralibus obscuris. Femora sat incrassata, lobis tarsorum anti-
corum haud minutls. Z ¥• Long, vix 2 — 2 '5 mm.

Amongst the species with indistinct humeral angles, this is chiefly remarkable
for the following characters, at least in the Z sex. The antennae are strongly developed,
the basal joint robust and somewhat long, the second elongate, and when seen in some
aspects as long as, or hardly less long than, the following. The club is of three joints,
but not very distinct, as the intermediate joints are generally less slender than in many
species. Thorax very strongly rounded at the sides. Lobes of front tarsi fairly well
developed. Elytra with the erect setae short, and at the base in the region of the
scutellum a little elevated. The colour of the insect is generally rufescent, sometimes
with some darker markings on the elytra, but occasional specimens are much obscured
with blackish colouring.

The $ which I assign to these males resembles it in general appearance but
appears to vary in the length of the antennal joints.

The elongation of the second antennal joint in this species calls to mind P. cpimelas
of Maui, but the superficial appearance of the two is entirely different.

Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; not rare.

E. Species insulae Molokai propriae.

(94) Protcrhiims molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Major, elongatulus, sordide niger, elytris magna ex parte rufescentibus. Antennae
subvalidae, articulo primo fortius elongate, sed robustissimo, secundo brevissimo, clava
evidenter 3-articulata, sed parum conspicua. Oculi magni fortiter prominentes. Pro-
notum subelongatum, dense punctatum, antice subabrupte et fortiter constrictum,
3-impressum, pallide squamosum, setis curvatis suberectis anterius marginatum. Elytra
et longitudinaliter et transversim subinaequalia, dorso rufescente et pallide squamoso,
subdeplanato, setis erectis pallidis conspersim sed conspicue vestita, remotius punctata,
basi utrinque scutellum juxta fortiter tuberculata, humeris acutis, fortiter productis.
Femora fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anticorum parum elongatis, sed robustis.
t. Long. 3-5 mm.

Allied to P. validiis of Maui, this species is quite distinct.

Hab. Molokai. A single t taken in the mountains at an elevation of 3000 ft., in
June 1896.

232 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(95) Proterhimis convexiusculus, sp. nov.

Nigricans (nonnunquam rufescens), elytris plerumque plus minus rufescentibus, sat
convexis, pallide aureo-squamosus. Oculi magni, prominentes. Pronotum pallide
squamosum, forma variabili, impressionibus sat profundis (nonnunquam lutoso-repletis),
medium saepe longitudinaliter subsulcatum. Elytra sat convexa, pallide aureo- vel
griseo-squamosa, squamis baud remotis minus distincte punctata, angulis ipsis humerali-
bus fortiter acute productis, sutura elevatula, setis erectis parce conspersis. Abdominis
segmentum primum ventrale subtiliter granulatim asperulum. ^ %. Long. 2 '6 — 3 "5
mm.

A variable species, individuals differing a good deal in size, colour, and distribution
of the squamosity, as well as in the length and thickness of the antennae, &c. I have
had some doubt as to whether it can be absolutely separated from that excessively
variable species P. integer of Lanai, but have thought it better to keep the two apart.
One almost entirely black example of this species has been taken, even the antennae
being entirely of that colour, and only the tarsal lobes are piceous, and this individual
has the elytra covered with grey squamosity. Usually the squamous covering is
co-extensive with the red colour of the wing-cases, which typically are red at the base
and there squamose, the apical dark parts being nearly free from squamosity, the extent
of the red colour and squamous covering varying together. In P. convexiusculns it
may be observed there is little or no trace of a transverse ridge between the front and
vertex of the head.

Hab. Molokai, mountains, generally at an elevation of about 4000 ft. Numerous
examples were taken, but many of them are in indifferent condition.

(96) Proterhimis echinoides, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elytris rufis, nigro-signatis, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus, antennis fere
nigris, pallide squamosus. Antennae breviores, subcrassae, clava 2-articulata. Oculi
magni. Pronotum minus profunde 3-impressum, medium dense, latera versus minus
dense, squamis pallidis vestitum. Elytra sat fortiter et fere aequaliter convexa, squamis
pallidis necnon setis multis elongatis erectisque perconspicue vestita, basi scutellum
juxta utrinque tuberculata, angulis humeralibus fortiter productis. Femora omnia cum
tibiis setis elongatis pallidis conspicue vestita, tarsorum anticorum lobis sat minutis. ^.
Long. 2 '5 — 27 mm.

A small species, but very easily recognized by the unusual development of the
erect setae on the elytra and legs, the short stout antennae, with the club hardly more
than 2-jointed, large eyes, small tarsal lobes, and nearly evenly and somewhat strongly
convex elytra. One example has the antennae rather more elongate than the others.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; three males taken in June 1896.

COLEOPTERA 233

(97) Proterhimis le^icothorax, sp. nov.

Nigro- vel rufo-piceus, pedibus antennarumque basi plus minus rufescentibus.
Oculi sat magni, prominuH. Pronotum fortiter 3-impressum, setis appressis squamisque
albidis dense vestitum (impressionibus 2 lateralibus densissime squamis albicantibus
vestitis), medium postice subsulcatum. Elytra grossissime dense rugoso-punctata,
maculis duabus albidis squamosis postice signata, ex majore parte squamis carentia, sed
setulis brevibus erectis albidis sat evidenter vestita, sutura distincte elevatula, cariniformi,
angulis humeralibus fortiter productis. Femora postica parum fortiter incrassata. ^ $.
Long. 2 — 2'25 mm.

One of the smallest species of those which have the humeral angles of the elytra
strongly produced forwards. It is chieHy remarkable for the gross sculpture of the
elytra which are nearly free from squamous covering, and especially for the peculiarly
dense whitish clothing of the thorax. I see no trace of a transverse ridge between the
front and vertex of the head in the t, and only the faintest trace thereof in the %. The
species is allied to P. innotabilis.

Hab. Molokai. Three examples (one of which has lost most of the squamous
covering) were taken at an elevation of about 4000 ft.

(98) Proterliiniis angiistior, sp. nov.

Subgracilis, nigricans, elytris plus minusve (praecipue basim versus) rufescentibus.
Antennae graciliores, minus fortiter elongatae, articulis basalibus plerumque rufescenti-
bus, clava 3-articulata. Pronotum baud latissimum, % saepe angustulum, baud dense
squamosum, subfortiter 3-impressum. Elytra angustiora, nigricantia, partibus pallidiori-
bus (sc. rufescentibus) squamas pallidas ferentibus, setis erectis, elongatis, parce
conspersis, sat evidenter vestita, fere aequaliter convexa, basi scutellum juxta utrinque
plus minus tuberculata, sutura levissime elevata, humeris fortiter productis. Oculi
parum fortiter prominentes. Femora omnia fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anticorum
minoribus. t ?• Long. 2-4 — vix 3 mm.

The affinities of this species are evidently with P. htimeralis of Maui, which
in many respects it greatly resembles. All the femora are quite strongly incrassate,
very much as in that species, but the antennae, especially those of the t, are much less
developed, as also are the eyes and the lobes of the front tarsi. The chief variation
exhibited by the seven examples taken lies in the shape of the prothorax, which is a
eood deal more dobose in some than in others. No doubt in a long series the tendency
would be to a greater elongation generally in the females, as I have observed to be the
case with other species. The sides of the rostrum of the ? are slightly convergent
from base to apex.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.).

234 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(99) Proterhinus heterotarsus, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elytris rufis plus minusve nigro- vel fusco-notatis, tibiis, tarsis, antennis-
que plerumque rufis, his apicem versus nigricantibus. Antennae graciles, clava distincte
3-articulata. Pronotum aequaliter minus dense squamosum, minus fortiter 3-impressum,
globosum, lateribus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra griseo-squamosa, setisque erectis pallidis
conspersim vestita, basi emarginata, humeris productis et acutis. Femora sat incrassata ;
tarsorum anticorum articulus secundus brevissimus, fortiter transversus, lobis brevibus.
Species praecedenti simillima. ^ %. Long. 2 — 27 mm.

Apparently closely allied to the preceding species (/". angnsiior), but generally of
less narrow form, and with the thorax more globose, the antennae rather longer and
more slender, and the elytra more nearly covered with squamosity, the dark markings
being reduced. The variation of both species makes it difficult to distinguish the two
in description, but the tarsi appear to be constantly different in form, the lobes of the
second joint of the front pair being in this species extremely short, and the whole joint
very small and strongly transverse, while the rostrum of the $ is nearly parallel-sided,
not gradually but slightly narrowed to the apex. The extent to which the humeral
angles of the elytra are produced is decidedly variable.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; only six or seven examples taken.

(100) Proterhinus erythrodes, sp. nov.

Minor, rufescens, totus fere aequaliter pallido-squamosus, elytris nonnunquam
fusco- vel nigro-notatis. Antennae graciles, elongatae, clava distincte 3-articulata,
rubricolores, nonnunquam articulis apicalibus nigricantibus. Oculi minores, parum
prominentes. Pronotum globosum, parum distincte impressum, aequaliter pallide
squamosum, lateribus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra pallide squamosa, setisque nonnullis
pallidis erectis parum conspicue vestita, aequaliter convexa, basi leviter emarginata,
humeris distinctis, sed vix acutis vel productis. Femora omnia cum tibiis tarsisque
rufescentia (rarius obscurata), lobis tarsorum anticorum minutis. ^ %. Long, i '6 —
2'5 mm.

A small and obscure species, without any striking characters. The antennae are
rather long and quite slender, with a distinctly 3-jointed apical club ; they are often
entirely of a clear red colour, but the apical joints are sometimes more or less dark.
The colour of the insect is red, that of the thorax being sometimes more or less
obscured, as also is the head, and the elytra often have some dark markings. The
squamous covering is evenly distributed over the greater part of the surface. The
elytra at the base are lightly emarginate, but the humeral angles are hardly produced, or
distinctly acute. The eyes are small and the lobes of the front tarsi minute.

Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; only nine examples of this species were
taken.

COLEOPTERA 235

(loi) Proter-himis ombrophiliis, sp. nov.

Totus niger, haud latus, squamis pallidis inaequaliter vestitus. Rostrum $ totum
opacum, subtiliter longitudinaliter rugulosum, basim versus sensim angustatum. An-
tennae nigrae, breviores, clava parum distincte 3-articulata (sc. articulo 8° et 9° inter se
haud multo diversis). Oculi minores, sed subprominuli. Pronotum haud dense
squamosum, rugoso-punctatum, obscurius 3-impressum, lateribus minus fortiter rotun-
datis, et macula albida squamosa densiore signatis. Elytra haud inaequalia, basim
versus haud distincte angustata, obscure punctata et ubique asperula, irregulariter
(submaculatim) albido-squamosa, setis erectis brevibus et subconspicuis, basi leviter
emarginata, humeris distinctis, sed minus fortiter prominulis. Femora haud fortiter
incrassata, tarsis omnibus nigris. $. Long. 2 mm. vix superans.

This species is closely allied to the unique P. nivicola of Maui, with which it closely
agrees in colour, clothing, form of antennae, and rostrum, as well as in the somewhat
peculiar sculpture. It differs from that species at once in its much less elongate elytra,
which do not exhibit the same tendency to inequality of the surface. P. 07nbropliilus has
the elytra of only moderate length.

Hab. Molokai. A single example taken in the highest forest of the island, in
May 1893.

(102) Protcrliinns pte7'idis, sp. nov.

Elongatus, angustissimus, rufescens, elytris saepe plus minus fusco- vel nigro-
maculatis. Antennae brevissimae, incrassatae, articulo primo robusto, triangulari (?
etiam fortiter elongato), caeteris brevissimis, clava brevi tantum 2-articulata. Pronotum
squamosum, saepe plus minus evidenter 3-impressum, impressione antica majore, lateri-
bus minus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra perelongata pulchre maculatim squamosa, setisque
albidis vestita, humeris haud productis. Pedes sat robusti, lobis tarsorum minutioribus.
Z ?. Long. 175 — 2*5 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 24. Z-)

Although varying a good deal in the development of some of the characters, this
small species by its elongate and very narrow form, its maculate elytra, and extra-
ordinarily short and thick antennae, is one of the most remarkable and distinct species
of the genus. It is I think allied to P. navita, which makes some approach to it in the
structure of the two basal joints of the antennae.

Hab. Molokai (3000 ft.) ; in the leaf-stalk of a species o{ Ptej-is.

F. H. II. 31

2 36 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

F. Species insulae Hawaii propriae.
(103) Proterhimis kawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Nigro- vel rufo-piceus, statura majore. Antennae graciles, elongatae, articulo
tertio cum sequentibus sat fortiter elongate, clava distinctissime 3-articulata, articulo
9°, quam 8"^ multo longiore. Oculi permagni, fortiter prominentes. Pronotum profunde
3-impressum (impressione quarta postice plus minus distincta), setis depressis aliisque
curvatis et erectis vestitum, baud latum. Elytra pallide squamosa, setisque erectis sat
crebre conspicueque vestita, grosse punctata, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata,
humeris productis. Femora minus fortiter incrassata, tibiis anterioribus elongatis et
gracilibus, tarsorum lobis parum magnis. $ $. Long, vix 4 — 475 mm. (Plate X.
fig. 8.)

Only a pair of this large species have been e.xamined. The elytra are much more
elongate in the $ than in the $, but otherwise, apart from the usual sexual differences,
the two are very similar structurally. The puncturation of the elytra is apparently very
coarse and rough, but is not clearly seen owing to the squamosity. The species is
easily recognised by its large size, very large and prominent eyes, long slender antennae,
uneven setose thorax, the elytra somewhat impressed along the suture, the more than
usually elongate and slender clavate hind femora, the long slender front tibiae, and for
the size of the insect the small lobes of the front tarsi. It is allied to P. epitrachys of
Maui.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 3000 ft. September 1892, i % ; Olaa, 2000 ft. November
1896, I ^. No doubt a rare species.

(104) Proterhin2is vulcanus, sp. nov.

.Niger, tarsis antennisque plus minusve rufescentibus. Antennae sat elongatae sed
crassiusculae, clava distinctissime 3-articulata (sive articulo 8", quam 9"^ multo minore).
Oculi magni, fortiter prominentes. Pronotum profunde 3-impressum, pallide (sat dense)
vestitum, antice (saepe abrupte) angustatum. Elytra inaequalia, dorso subdeplanato,
irregulariter aut maculatim cinereo-squamosa, setis erectis pallidis sat conspicuis, basi
scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, humeris productis. Tarsorum anticorum articulus
secundus major, lobis haudquaquam parvis. Rostrum % longitudinaliter rugulosum.
t ?• Long, vix 3—3-25 mm.

This species appears to be allied somewhat to the P. lecontei of Maui, and
also perhaps to the preceding species (/-". kawaiiensis). There are distinct traces of
longitudinal and transverse unevenness of the surface of the elytra, but it is much less
marked than that of P. lecontei. The thickness of the antennae is no doubt variable,

COLEOPTERA

237

and one t has these organs evidently more elongate and more slender than those of the
other examples of either sex. The general resemblance in colour and clothing between
the few individuals secured is very great. It is one of the darkest species, and of rather
large size.

Hab. Hawaii (3000 — 4000 ft.) ; rare, but widely distributed. Five examples only
were secured in the Kona and Kau districts.

(105) Proterhinus peles, sp. nov.

Niger, lobis tarsorum antennisque nonnunquam rufescentibus, parce ferrugineo-
squamosus. Antennae graciles, elongatae, clava distinctissime 3-articulata. Oculi
magni, subconici, fortiter prominentes. Pronotum minus latum, minus profunde
3-impressum, antice subabrupte angustatum, aequaliter nee dense squamosum. Elytra
subinaequalia, sparsim ferrugineo-squamosa, setisque gracillimis albis sat conspicue, nee
dense, vestita, basi utrinque scutellum juxta tuberculata, humeris acute productis.
Femora postica minus fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anticorum magnis. ^ %. Long.

275—3 mm.

A somewhat distinct-looking species, of dark colour and moderate size. The
antennae are fairly long and quite slender, the club very well-marked, and consisting of
three joints. The eyes and tarsal lobes are both large. The elytra are not much
covered with squamosity, this being chiefly noticeable along the two by no means
strongly marked longitudinal ridges. The suture is also a little raised. The humeral
angles are produced and very acute, and the basal tubercles well marked, as also is the
puncturation. The colour of the insect is black or obscure pitchy-black, the lobes of
the tarsi and antennae sometimes paler. Rostrum of the female rugulose, dull, or
hardly shining.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (4000 ft.) ; i t and i % taken in 1895.

(106) Proterhiniis rufesce^is, sp. nov.

Rufescens, capite, thorace, femoribusque, saepe obscurioribus, elytris plus minusve
nigro-maculatis. Antennae minus fortiter elongatae, articulis saepe crassiusculis, non-
nunquam sat gracilibus. Oculi magnitudine mediocres, prominuli. Pronotum sat
fortiter 3-impressum, aequaliter subferrugineo-squamosum. Elytra rufa, nigro-maculata,
subseriatim fortiter punctata, minus dense squamosa, albidis duabus postice maculis
ornata, setisque albis elongatis rarius conspersa, fere aequaliter convexa, basi scutellum
juxta utrinque tuberculata, humeris fortiter acute productis. Femora postica minus
fortiter incrassata, lobis tarsorum anticorum magnitudine mediocribus. ^ %. Long.

175—3 mm.

31—2

2 38 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

This species in its typical condition is distinct enough from any other of those
taken on Hawaii. The antennae (as above indicated) vary in stoutness, and the insect
varies greatly in size, while the colour is sometimes much obscured, dark varieties being
occasionally found. Minute examples naturally have the eyes and other parts less
developed. In general, the red colour, and strongly produced humeral angles of the
nearly evenly convex elytra, which are deeply and distinctly punctured (at least in clean
examples), and which have two distinct spots of whitish squamosity, one on either side
of the suture towards the apex, will distinguish it from the several following species, to
which it is most nearly allied. It may be observed that there is no distinct transverse
ridge formed between the vertex and front of the head as in some species on the other
islands, to which this is otherwise very similar in appearance.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau district (4000 ft.) ; 40 or more examples taken.

(107) Proterhintis affinis, sp. nov.

Elongatulus, minus latus, nigricans vel obscure rufescens, parte elytrorum dorsali
tota vel ex majore parte rufa. Oculi magni. Antennae forma variabiles, saepius
crassiusculae, nonnunquam graciles, articulo secundo brevissimo, clava distincte 3-articu-
lata. Pronotum minus latum, vel subelongatum, minus dense pallide squamosum, plus
minusve evidenter 3-impressum. Elytra irregulariter, plerumque maculatim, squamosa,
dorso rufo, saepe subdepresso vel deplanato, basi utrinque scutellum juxta tuberculata,
humeris distinctis, subacutis, parum productis. t ?• Long. 2-25 — 3-5 mm.

This variable species in the smallest examples bears a great resemblance to large
ones of P. gracilis, but the two are certainly distinct, the eyes and tarsal lobes
being normally more developed in P. affinis, and the antennae thicker. These latter
organs, however, exhibit some variability both in stoutness and length. Examples of
the species taken in Kona generally have the elytra more evenly convex, less flattened
or depressed above. In those from Kau, they are, in some cases, not only distinctly
flattened, but show traces of longitudinal and transverse ridges. The humeral angles
are distinct, although but little produced, and the tubercles in the region of the scutellum
are distinct. The hind femora are not very strongly incrassate. There is no distinct
ridee between the vertex and front of the head.

Hab. Hawaii (3000—4000 ft.) ; about 50 examples were taken from various
localities.

(108) Proterhimis gracilis Sharp.

Proterhinus gracilis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 529.
This species in its typical condition is distinct enough, by its narrow and elongate
form (especially in the ?), the slender antennae, and dark elytra, marked with red at the

COLEOPTERA

239

base. I have assigned to it specimens of mucli more obscure appearance, and with the
humeral angles of the elytra less produced, but it is quite possible some of these belong
to another distinct species. In any case P. gj'acilis varies greatly in size, colour and
length of the elytra. It is allied to the preceding species, P. affinis, as I have remarked
under that insect.

Hab. Hawaii. Various districts and localities (3000 and 4000 ft.); a great
number of examples were taken.

(109) Protcrhinus air/iynchus, sp. nov.

Nigricans, elongatulus, elytris irregulariter pallide squamosus. Oculi magni, pro-
minentes. Antennae subcrassae, rufescentes, clava 3-articulata. Rostrum ^ elongatum,
aeque longum ac latum, vel paullo longius, lateribus pubescentia pallida densiore margi-
natis. Pronotum minus latum, fortiter 3-impressum, setis appressis aliisque curvatis et
suberectis vestitum. Elytra basim versus obscure rufescentia, ibique pallide squamosa,
subinaequalia, basi scutellum juxta utrinque distincte tuberculata, angulis humeralibus
subproductis et distinctis. $. Long, circiter 3 mm. (Plate X. fig. 9.)

This species is very like P. affinis in form and general appearance, but is of a
darker colour. The antennae are quite stout, the intermediate joints being a good deal
widened from the base to apex, being of elongate triangular form. The $ is easily
known by the long rostrum, which is even a little longer than its width at the base, and
is clothed at the sides with a dense outstanding pale pubescence. I cannot assign any
? to the two males with the above characters.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea ; 2 $ taken in July 1895.

(iio) Proterhinus tarsalis Blackb.

Proterhinus tarsalis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1S85, p. 171.

Only three or four examples of this species were taken by me, the ? having the
antennae a good deal more elongate, and thinner, than those obtained by Mr Blackburn.
The species is a distinct one in superficial appearance, and is allied to P. vestitus Shp.
ind P. angularis Shp., having the basal abdominal segment closely and strongly
punctured beneath, as in those species.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa, at an elevation of 6000 ft. (Blackburn) ; Kona
(3000 ft.); a few examples taken.

240 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(ill) Froterhinus hypotretus, sp. nov.

Sordide niger, vel rufescens, elytris nigro-maculatis. Antennae minus fortiter
elongatae, crassiusculae. Oculi minus fortiter prominentes. Pronotum minus dense
squamosum, plerumque plus minusve evidenter 3- vel 4-impressum, impressione anteiiore
sat distincta. Elytra maculatim squamosa, macula albida humerali aliisque posteria'ibus
subrotundatis, sat distinctis, setisque erectis gracilibus albidis conspicue vestita, basi
leviter emarginata, humeris distinctis, sed parum productis. Abdominis segmentum
primum ventrale dense ac fortiter punctatum. Long. 2 '2 — 3 mm.

Allied to the preceding species, but of wider form, and differing in colour, the
insect being redder. Also closely allied to F. vestitus of Oahu, some varieties of
F. angularis, &c., but certainly distinct from any of these. In fresh examples the
maculate arrangement of the squamosity of the elytra, and the numerous erect fine
setae, are very conspicuous. The elytra themselves are usually flattened or slightly
impressed along the suture, the condition of the humeral angles is very similar to that
seen in the same parts of F. vestitus. The lobes of the front tarsi are by no means
large.

Hab. Hawaii.

(112) Froterhinus desqiianiatns, sp. nov.

Ferrugineus (elytris cum capite nonnunquam obscuratis sive nigro-rufis), elongatus,
parum squamosus. Antennae concolores, rufae, articulo secundo brevissimo. Prono-
tum parum latum vel subelongatum, parum profunda 3-impressum, subaequaliter nee
dense squamulosum, angulis posticis macula squamosa densiore signatis, lateribus
rotundatis. Elytra elongata, vix squamosa, satis erectis pallidis, minus elongatis,
sparsim sed conspicue vestita, dense fortiterque punctata, basi emarginata, humeris
acutis. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale fortiter et distincte punctatum. ^ %.
Long, circiter 3 mm.

On account of its elongate narrow form, ferruginous colour, and lack (at least for
the most part) of squamous covering, this species could only be compared with F. fer-
ruginetis, so far as the species of Hawaii are concerned. It is distinct at once from that
insect by the distinctly and strongly punctured basal segment of the hind-body beneath.
Extremely closely allied to F. detritus of Lanai, it may be distinguished from that
species by the more evenly rounded sides of the prothorax, which are not so strongly
and abruptly narrowed in front, and the puncturation of the elytra is apparently rather
less coarse.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; rare, 2 ^ and i $ only having been taken.

COLEOPTERA 241

(113) Proterhiims ferrtigineus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, ferrugineus, elytris saepe nigro-notatis, setis appressis erectisque ves-
titus, hand squamosus. Antennae concolores, ferrugineae. Pronotum haud latum, setis
appressis, aliisque curvatis et suberectis latera versus vestitum, plus minusve evidenter
3-impressum, antice saepe abruptius constrictum. Elytra fortiter elongata, haud squa-
mosa, setis erectis brevissimis, aliisque longioribus, conspicue et densius vestita, fortiter
dense punctata, basi scutellum juxta utrinque tuberculata, angulis humeralibus productis
et subacutis. Femora postica gracilia, parum fortiter clavata. Abdominis segmentum
primum ventrale circa medium parum distincte punctatum, granulatim asperulum. Z ?■
Long. 3 — 4'2 mm.

Very closely allied to the Oahuan P. longuliis, of which species it is the repre-
sentative on Hawaii. Of P. longulits I have only seen the types in Dr Sharp's
colkction, but P. feri'-ugineus is no doubt on the average a larger species, and yet has
the hind femora still less clavate, and also appears to differ slightly in the sculpture and
clothing of the elytra, and in other small points.

Hab. Hawaii (4000 ft.). In the leaf-stems of the tree-ferns, to which P. longuliis
is also attached.

(114) Proterhinus similis Blackb.

Proterhimis similis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 170.

Species maxime variabilis, antennis nigris vel nigrescentibus, articulis 2 basalibus
haud distincte rufis, elytrorum basi saepe emarginata, sed angulis humeralibus ipsis
haud acute productis, saepe minus distinctis. ^ %. Long. 2 — 3 "5 mm.

This species is so extraordinarily variable, that it would be useless to draw up any
lengthy and minute description, as it would apply to but few examples. It belongs to
the section in which the humeral angles themselves are not distinctly produced forwards
and acute, although the base of the elytra is often emarginate. The insect is black, red,
or parti-coloured, the elytra sometimes entirely covered, sometimes nearly free from
squamosity, which varies in colour from golden to grey ; sometimes they are maculately
squamose. Often they are depressed or flattened, often evenly convex, but nearly
always they appear slightly elevated at the extreme base near the scutellum, and at that
point have a small area along the suture free from squamosity, even when elsewhere
they are entirely covered. The antennae are exceedingly variable, short or of medium
length, with the joints robust and minutely asperated, or decidedly elongate, even the
second joint being sometimes somewhat long and slender, and there are various inter-
mediate conditions. In colour they are black, even the basal joints being black or at
least dark. This character readily distinguishes the species from the other species of
this group (the Hawaii form oi P. decepior), which has the basal two joints (at least) of

242 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the antennae clear red, and the second joint more rounded. In those examples with
the longest and most slender antennae, the front tibiae are often much lengthened, and
the tarsal lobes appear to be very minute, and decidedly smaller than are those of
certain other forms. After the examination of a vast amount of material (consisting of
hundreds of examples) I have come to the conclusion that this species is at the present
time in the process of becoming differentiated into a number of distinct forms. Some
of these forms indeed may already be really distinct species, but to decide whether this
is the case would probably require very careful observations of the living insect in
various localities.

Hab. Hawaii. Common on the mountains, especially at an elevation of about
4000 ft. The whole insect is often covered with a muddy substance.

G. Species quae duas vel complures insulas incolunt.

(115) Proterhinus innotabilis, sp. nov.

Nigricans vel piceus, rare rufescens, elytrorum basi plerumque rufescente et pallide
squamosa. Oculi prominuli. Antennae graciliores, minus fortiter elongatae. Capitis
vertex a fronte linea transversa elevata (nonnunquam fracta) divisus. Pronotum minus
latum, subferrugineo-squamosum, fortiter et distincte 3-impressum. Elytra minus elon-
gata, fortiter crebre punctata, sutura saepe elevatula, basi plerumque rufescente, ibique
pallide squamosa, postice maculis duabus albidis squamosis utrinque suturam juxta
saepe notata, setis erectis albidis minus fortiter elongatis sparsim vestita, ad basim
utrinque scutellum juxta tuberculata {tuberculis saepe albido-squamosis), angulis ipsis
humeralibus fortiter acute productis. Z ?■ Long, (exemplorum in insula Maui capt.)
2 — 3 mm.

So far as examples from Maui are concerned this is a small species, or at least only
of moderate size in very largely developed individuals. It is one of the most obscure
of the numerous species found on Haleakala, and is allied to P. epickrystts and P, brevi-
pennis, but cannot be referred to either. On Molokai I have taken specimens of a
Proterhinus exceeding like P. innotabilis but of larger average size, and which appa-
rently pass from this form into one, which becomes largely different to the typical
Haleakala form, and indeed in many respects approaches the Molokai species P. con-
vexiusciilits. These examples from Molokai are themselves a most puzzling series, and
may represent more than one species, but I have not cared to consider them at present
as more than varieties of P. innotabilis, especially as this species is itself not a little
variable.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.), Molokai. Not rare, many examples
having been taken. The examples taken on Molokai are apparently referable to the
same species.

COLEOPTERA 24:

(116) Proterhinus angularis Sharp.

Proterhinus angularis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 188 r, p. 530.

An extremely variable species, no examples of the very long series examined
agreeing altogether with the original types. In the most common form the antennae
are long and slender, and clothed with stiff and conspicuous setae. Thorax very
variable in shape, generally rather narrow, rarely constricted in front as in the type.
The anterior depression is usually deep and distinct, the two posterior ones often
obsolete. The posterior angles are not distinctly marked by spots of dense squamosity.
Elytra long and narrow, shoulders always produced, but not very sharp, marked with a
patch of pale squamosity, and behind there are often a number of more or less distinct
and roundish pale squamous spots.

Small examples are often of extremely narrow and elongate form. The dark
colour, form of the humeral angles of the elytra, and patches of pale squamosity thereon,
and the strongly and closely punctured basal ventral segment of the abdomen are the
most constant characters. The type specimens are remarkable for the more obscure
colour of the very conspicuous erect setae on the elytra, and I have only seen a few-
examples resembling them in this respect. Usually the longer setae are quite white,
and I am by no means satisfied as to the identity of the two forms, which may be
closely allied and variable but distinct species. The length varies from 2 — 2>'5 ^n^n-

Hab. Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai, Hawaii. Generally attached to Straussia.
Variable in each locality.

(117) Protcrhiims dispar Sharp.

Proterhinus dispar Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 52S; Tr. Dublin Soc.
III. 1885, PI. V. fig. 41, ?.

I have seen but few Oahuan examples of this species, but have taken it very freely
on Molokai, and have also met with it on Lanai. It varies very greatly in size and
otherwise, and the distinctive characters become much obscured in diminutive .specimens.
Some examples from Oahu have the head and thorax as well as part of the elytra of a
distinct red colour, and the antennae vary from black to red. The great differences in
size are not a sexual character, for of the Oahuan examples taken by me one of the
females is twice as large as either of the males, and e.xactly the reverse is the case with
the types in Dr Sharp's collection. The species is an interesting one on account of the
F. H. II. 32

244 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

rather large development of the rostrum in the ^, and in the same sex the posterior
coxae are much less widely separated than in many species, much less widely than the
front pair. In the % the distance between the hind coxae is greater, so that it does not
greatly differ from the majority of species in this respect.

Hab. Oahu, Molokai and Lanai ; attached to Wikstroemia.

(ii8) Proterhinus alyxiae, sp. nov.

Latus, brevis, robustus, ferrugineus, pulcherrime squamosus. Antennae elongatae,
articulis basalibus notabiliter robustis (secundo subquadrato), clavam versus sensim
gracilescentibus, clava gracili, vix evidenter 3-articulata. Pronotum trans medium latis-
simum, perinaequale, antice transversim fortiter impressum, parte posteriore fortiter
elevata, antice posticeque ferrugineum, caetera parte densissime pallido-squamosa.
Elytra brevia, lata, submaculatim squamosa, setisque albidis erectis conspersim vestita,
dorso juxta basim impresso, ibique nigricante, basi emarginata, humeris productis.
Femora omnia fortiter incrassata. Z ?• Long, vix 3 — 3 '2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 23, ^.)

Var. pauper. $ $ antennis gracilioribus, ? statura multo minore et forma graci-
liore distinguenda. $ $. Long. $ 275, $ 2 mm.

This beautiful species, on account of its short, wide form, reminds one at first sight
of some Kauai species. It is not really closely allied to these, however, but it is so to
P. calliphyas of Maui. It is distinct from that species by the accentuation of most of
those characters, which render the latter remarkable. The distinction between the
dorsum and flanks of the prothorax is clearly marked by the sharp edge formed at their
meeting.

Hab. Molokai mountains (3000 ft.); rare, taken from stems oi Alyxia. Four
females (var. pauper) taken on Lanai are only half or less than half the size of the
smaller Molokai examples, and have much more slender antennae. The single <J taken
with these is about as large as the type, but its antennae are decidedly thinner.

(119) Proterhinus navita, sp. nov.

Haud latus, rufescens, sat dense pallide squamosus, elytris saepe plus minusve
nigro-notatis. Antennarum ^ articuli 2 basales perconspicue robusti, nigricolores ;
articuli sequentes graciliores, plerumque evidenter, sed minute, tuberculati, clava parum
distincte 3-articulata (sive fere 2-articuIata). Pronotum densius aureo-squamosum, antice
plus minus impressum. Elytra aureo- vel griseo-squamosa, setisque brevissimis nonnullis
erectis inconspicue vestita, angulis humeralibus obscuris. Tarsorum anticorum articulus
secundus minor, lobis minoribus. ^ $. Long. i'5 — 3 mm.

COLEOPTERA 245

The male of this species is distinguished chiefly by the stoutness of the two basal
joints of the antennae, the first, in well-developed examples at least, being very stout
and subtriangular in form, the second very short and quadrate, and their colour is black
or nearly so. Normally it is a red insect, with only some fuscous or black spots on the
elytra, and even these are sometimes absent, but in some examples the black colour is
a good deal extended over the insect, the basal half of the elytra remaining pale. In
general the $ resembles the ^, but the peculiar character of the basal antennal joints is
not always so pronounced. In faded examples the squamosity is grey, instead of
golden.

Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; Molokai (3000 ft.).

( 1 20) Proterhinus debilis Sharp.

Proterkinus debilis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 19.

I have not met with any examples on Oahu that agree with this species, and have
only examined three or four specimens, so I do not know whether the antennae vary in
structure. In its typical form it is quite distinct from any other Oahuan species. Mr
Blackburn also referred some specimens taken on Hawaii to this species.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains ; and on Hawaii (Blackburn).

(121) Proterhimts deceptor, sp. nov.

Rufescens, elytris latera versus nigris vel nigro-notatis, horum angulis humera-
libus haud distinctis. P. oscillanti simillimus sed setis elytrorum erectis magis distinctis,
et rostro % evidenter minus elongate et latiore. ^ ?. Long. 175 — 2*25 mm.

This species is very similar in most respects to P. oscillans, the humeral angles of
the elytra being usually very indistinct or effaced. The squamosity, which likewise has
a tendency to form a number of roundish spots on the elytra, is thereon greyish or
silvery rather than golden. Their erect setae in fresh examples are longer, more
numerous and much more evident, and so also are those upon the legs. Usually the
elytra are red, and black or infuscate only along the lateral margins, but sometimes
about the middle the black colour extends inwards to form lateral spots as in oscillans.
These distinctions alone would perhaps appear hardly sufficient for the formation of
another species, were it not for the fact that the rostrum of the % is decidedly shorter
and wider than that of oscillans, and is not distinctly narrowed towards the base.

Hab. Oahu. Waianae range. Examples from slightly different localities do not
altogether agree, and it is uncertain whether the series examined is really all of one
species.

246 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Obs. On Kauai a variable insect is found, which I refer to the above species.
These Kauai examples are generally darker than those from Oahu, and have the elytra
often entirely blackish, or only obscurely red. On Molokai or Lanai the species is
again found, and the individuals again are subject to much variation. On Hawaii the
individuals attain a considerably larger size than the type, and on this island form two
distinct races, one found on the windward and southern parts of the island, the other in
the Kona district on the west. These Kona examples are readily distinguished from
the others by the more elongate and conspicuous erect setae of the elytra, and they are
of smaller average size. For these two races I propose the names P. deceptor van
major and van konafuis.

(122) Proterhinus blackburni Sharp.

Proterhinus blackhirni Sharp, Tn Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 17.

P. hystrix Sharp, op. cit. 1881, p. 527, =var. of this species.

(Plate X. fig. 5, ^, van disignatus.)

This species varies greatly in size, colour, form of thorax, length of elytra, &c., and
I do not think the P. hystrix Sh. is a distinct species. On Kauai there are two well-
marked varieties, the van eiigeniae, van n., of somewhat robust form, the thorax with
strongly prominent lateral angles in front, the erect setae of the elytra dense, and with a
good deal of pale appressed clothing, which tends to form four spots, the antennae
longish and slender ; and the van bisignatus, van n., which a good deal resembles the
preceding form, but is darker, and has the basal tubercles of the elytra conspicuously
marked with white or silvery appressed setae. The sculpture and clothing of this
species is often entirely concealed by a mud-like covering, and it is not improbable that
I have included several distinct species under one name, for it is one of the most
difficult species to study, and many of the examples taken are in indifferent condition,
but supposing there are several allied species, they are certainly all variable.

Hab. Found on all the islands of the group, in the forests from 1500 — 4000 ft. ;
the var. hystrix on Hawaii, van bisignatus peculiar to Kauai, and var. engeniae on the
same island, but with very similar examples on Molokai.

COLEOPTERA HETEROMERA.

All the Heteromera, with the exception of the Cistelidae, are probably foreign.
Those that are not known at present to occur outside the islands will probably be
discovered elsewhere as the study of Coleoptera progresses.

COLEOPTERA 247

Fam. OEDEMERIDAE.

OxAcis Leconte.

(i) Oxacis collaris Shp.

Ananca collaris Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 169.

Hab. Oahu, Molokai, and probably all the islands on the plains. I observed this
species in great numbers on the quarantine island at Honolulu, where it was crawling
over shrubs covered with the scales of Ceroplastes.

Fam. ANTHICIDAE.

Anthicus Payk.

(i) Anthicus oceanicus Laf.

Anthicus oceanicus Laferte, Mon. Anth. p. 1 70.

Hab. Kauai, Oahu and Maui and probably all the islands ; on the coast.

(2) Anthicjis mjindtclus Shp.

Anthicus mundulus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 168.

Hab. Oahu and Kauai (Blackburn). Salt marshes near sea-level.

Fam. CISTELIDAE.

The Cistelidae are represented by two genera, Cistela with seven, and Labetis with
three ^ species. The latter genus is peculiar to the islands, as are all 10 of the species
of this family. All are true forest insects, and are certainly indigenous. Species of
both genera have been found on Kauai and Hawaii, but not on all of the intermediate
islands, so that no doubt several species are yet to be discovered. So far as is known
no species of either genus extends its range to two of the islands.

' The two examples taken on Oahu by Mr Blackburn and which probably represent other two distinct
species are not included in these remarks.

248 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

CiSTELA Fabr.

(i) Cistela crassicornis Sharp.

Cistela crassicornis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 168, PI. IV. fig. 25.

Hab. Oahu. Mountains near Honolulu, Palolo valley (Blackburn) ; my single
example was taken at the head of Pauoa valley, which is not far distant. It is, I have
no doubt, of the % sex. It has the elytra densely punctured, and I fancy that Sharp's
description of the ^ ' elytris parcius punctatis ' is rather apparent than real and is due to
the condition of the specimen, which is not thoroughly clean.

(2) Cistela kauaiensis, sp. nov.

Rufo-brunnea, ad colorem testaceum varians, capita thoraceque opacis, densissime
punctatis, elytris subnitidis, suturam versus plus minusve evidenter striatis, ibique saepe
impressis, sat crebre punctatis, punctis nonnullis seriatim dispositis. Long. 7*5 — 9 mm.
Antennarum 4 — 4' 2 5 mm. (Plate X. fig. 22.)

Extremely like C. crassicornis but larger and with very evidently longer antennae.
The species agrees generally in sculpture with that species. It varies a little in the
length and structure of the antennae, irrespective of sex, but even in the most highly
developed ^ the joints are elongate even towards the apex. In this sex the three which
precede the apical joint are distinctly grooved beneath. The apical ventral segment
in the t has the apical margin somewhat raised, and this is to some extent the case in
some of the $$, but usually this segment in the Z has a more flattened or impressed
form than in the other. The apical joints of the antennae in the % are narrower than
the ^, and but little serrate inwardly.

Hab. Kauai 4000 ft. Not common.

Obs. Two or three examples from Lihue on the same island taken at an elevation
of 3000 ft. have shorter antennae and are only of the size of the smaller individuals of
C. kaziaiensis. They are therefore somewhat intermediate between that species and C.
crassicornis but probably are distinct from either.

(3) Cistela nigricollis, sp. nov.

Nigra, elytris brunneis, antennis pedibusque testaceis, capite nitido. Long. 7 mm.,
antenn. 3'5 mm. $.

Very closely allied to C. kauaiensis, but smaller and readily distinguished by the
black head and thorax, the former in front being distinctly punctured, not very densely

COLEOPTERA 249

and rugosely, and with the surface between the punctures distinctly shining. The joints
of the antennae (^) towards the apex are also rather shorter and wider.

A single example taken at Halemanu, Kauai, is larger with longer elytra and has
the front of the head more closely punctured, but otherwise resembles the type. I
should think it is probably a distinct species.

Hab. Kauai. High plateau (4000 ft.).

(4) Cistela subaenescens, sp. nov.

Nigra ($ piceo-nigra), pedibus antennisque testaceis, his apices versus obscurioribus,
elytris subaeneo-micantibus. Long, circa 7 mm., antenn. circa 3 mm.

Black, or in the ? piceous, the elytra with distinct aeneous glitter. Head and
thorax densely punctured. Antennae of the ^ with the terminal joints shortish, and
serrate inwardly, deeply grooved beneath, less wide in the ?, testaceous at the base,
becoming infuscate towards the apex. Elytra shining, pubescent, aeneous, somewhat
densely punctured.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (3000 ft.).

(5) Cistela apicalis, sp. nov.

Elongata, angustula, nigricans, antennis, pedibus et parte elytrorum apicali, testa-
ceis, oculis permagnis. Long. 7 "6 mm.

Extremely like the preceding, a little more elongate, the elytra with a very faint
indication of brassy reflection in certain lights, testaceous on their apical portion, less
shining, and less strongly and more obscurely punctured than in C. subaenescens, the
antennae entirely clear testaceous, and the eyes decidedly larger.

Hab. Oahu. Two examples were taken in the mountains at Honolulu in the
summer of 1896.

(6) Cistela montana, sp. nov.

Nigricans vel piceus, elytris aeneo-micantibus, antennis testaceis, apices versus
saepe obscurioribus, antennis brevioribus, articulis apicalibus parum fortiter dilatatis.
Long. 6 — 6'5 mm., antenn. vix 2*5 mm.

A rather smaller species than C. subaenescens, which it greatly resembles, and easily
distinguished by the shorter antennae, which have the apical joints much less strongly
dilated in the $. In colour and sculpture the two species are identical, and one e.xample
of a rufo-piceous colour I suspect is the $ of C. montana.

Hab. Kauai. Four examples were taken on the high plateau.

2 50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(7) Cistela konae, sp. nov.

Fusco-brunneus, pedibus antennarumque basi testaceis, elytris nitidis, submetallicis,
sat evidenter sed parum profunde striatis, crebre punctatis, punctis nonnullis seriatim
dispositis, interstitiis convexiusculis. Long, circa 6 mm.

Of an obscure brownish colour, the head and prothorax darker, the face in front of
the antennae and the legs testaceous. Head very densely punctured, the eyes by no
means large. Prothorax nearly dull, very densely punctured, strongly transverse,
truncate or slightly emarginate in front. Elytra shining, distinctly and closely punc-
tured, with the interstices even towards the sides quite distinctly convex, so that the
striation is more evident than in any other species. In the single example taken only
the basal joints of the antennae remain, and these present no noteworthy characters.
Perhaps most nearly allied to C. montana, but quite distinct from this and other species
by the condition of the elytral interstices, and also apparently remarkable for the very
wide prothorax, the sides of which are nearly straight and parallel for about two-thirds
of their length from the base. The eyes are smaller than in most species of the genus.
The single mutilated example is probably a %.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 5000 ft. A single example (mutilated) was taken from a
spider's web.

Labetis Waterhouse.

(i) Labetis hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Nigra, subnitida, elytris testaceis vel brunneis, antennis (articulis basalibus exceptis)
nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis. Long. 10 — 12 mm. Antenn. 5 — 7 mm.

Head black, closely punctured in front, but the surface more or less shining
between the punctures. Prothorax black, the surface shining, closely punctured, with a
narrow smooth median longitudinal impression, more distinct in some examples than in
others, and in some there are also indefinite impressions, rendering the surface more or
less uneven. Elytra varying in colour from testaceous to brownish, striate, the striae
nearest the suture often deeper than the outer ones, closely punctured, the interstices
conspicuously punctate, the punctures closer in some examples than in others, the
surface shining. At the apex the first and second interstices are about equally convex.
Anterior tibiae with the superior apical angle greatly produced (varying in development),
and rounded at the apex. Abdomen beneath black, finely punctured, the apical
segment very deeply impressed in the ^, and faintly but evidently so in the %.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea ; a series of over a dozen examples taken in August.

COLEOPTERA 251

(2) Label is tibialis Waterhouse.

Labelis tibialis Waterh., Ent. Mag. xv. p. 267.

Haud nitida, testacea, pronoto saepe fusco-testaceo, antennis plerumque testaceis,
elytrorum interstitio primo et secundo apicem versus subaequaliter convexis, haud
inaequaliter elevatis. Long. io"5 — 12'5 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the dull surface, and the
pale colour of the prothorax, the antennae also are pale. One example has the prothorax
largely blackish, but it is pallid about the middle. Abdomen black (or nearly so)
beneath. The depth of the impression of the apical ventral segment of the ^ evidently
varies.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft., on the high plateau. That the examples taken by
Blackburn on Oahu and referred to this species are, as I suspected, distinct, has been
confirmed for me by Mr Waterhouse, who kindly examined the Oahuan specimen in
the British Museum. Probably the Oahuan species is very near to if not identical
with my L. /lazuaiieusis. The Blackburnian collection should contain two species from
Oahu, probably one from either mountain range (vide Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 248),
for there is no such variation in size in the species of this genus, as that given by
Blackburn for his two examples (1. c. p. 167), one of which is much smaller than the
other known species of the genus, the other probably the largest.

(3) Labelis coniilans, sp. nov.

Praecedenti cognatissima, opaca, testacea, capite pronotoque nonnunquam plus
minus infuscatis, hoc saepe piceo, elytrorum interstitio secundo apicem versus fortissime
convexo-elevato, primo plus minus obsoleto, abdominis segmentis ventralibus (saltem ex
magna parte) pallidis. Long. 10 — 12-5 mm. (Plate X. fig. 21.)

Quite like the preceding in general appearance, and differing constantly, so far as I
can see, only in the paler underparts of the body, and the sculpture of the elytra near
their apex. In this species the second interstice is extremely convex, as also is the
sutural margin, while the first interstice is little or not at all raised, and a deep groove
is thereby formed between the suture and the second interstice. The elytral interstices
are generally more strongly and densely punctured than in either of the preceding
species, but all vary in this respect.

Hab. Kauai. Taken in company with L. tibialis. Of the 18 examples of
Labetis taken in company, 8 belong to the present species, and 10 to Z. tibialis. I can
detect no variety in the least intermediate between these, and therefore must consider
them distinct. Nearly all the examples of both are of the ^ sex.

F. H. II. 33

252 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Labetis, sp. ?

Hab. Oahu. Mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn). See remarks under
L. tibialis (ante).

(5) Labetis, sp. ?

Hab. Oahu (PWaianae mountains), Blackburn. See remarks unAe.r L. tibialis
(ante). This and the preceding species are stated (Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 248) to
have been obtained in localities 20 miles apart.

Fam. TENEBRIONIDAE.

Epitragus Latr.
(i) Epitragus diremptzis Karsch.

Epitragus diremptus Karsch, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr. xxv. p. 6.
Hab. Generally distributed throughout the islands.

Opatrum Fabr

(i) Opatrum seriatum Boisd.

Opatru7n seriatum Boisd., Voy. Astr. Col. p. 252.
Hab. All the islands of the group, on the lowlands.

Platydema Cast.

(i) Platydema obscurum Shp.

Platydema obscurum Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 166.
Hab. Oahu. Probably characteristic of the lowlands.

Gnathocerus Thunb.

(i) Gnathocerus cormctus Fabr.

Trogosita cornuta Fabr., Ent. Syst. Supp. p. 51.
Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

COLEOPTERA 253

Tribolium Macl.

( I ) Tribolium ferrugiiieum Fabr.

Tencbrio ferruginejis Fabr., Sp. Ins. i. p. 324.
Hab. Oahu, Honolulu &c., in food.

Alphitobius Steph.
(i) Alphitobius diaperinns Panz.
Tenebrio diaperinus Panz., Ins. Germ. 37, 16.
Hab. Lowlands of most or all the islands.

(2) Alphitobius piccus 01.
Helops piceus 01., Ent. in. 58, p. 17.
Hab. Generally distributed in the islands.

(3) Alphitobius lateralis Boh.
Heterophaga lateralis Boh., Eug. Res. 1858, p. 94.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu. — Maui. Introduced, probably from China. This species
was kindly determined for me by Mr Champion.

ScioPHAGUS Sharp.

(i) Sciophagus pandanicola Fairm.

Heterophaga pandaiiicola Fairm., Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 446.
Hab. Oahu and Kauai (Blackburn).

Fam. CIOIDAE.

The Cioidae is a family of doubtful position. They are represented by 42 species,
29 of which are referred to the genus Cis, and 13 to a new genus, Apterocis. The
members of the latter genus are the most remarkable island representatives of the
family, although most of those assigned to Cis are themselves of peculiar facies, and
very unlike the ordinary representatives of the genus. There is however no doubt
that both these genera, as represented in the islands, will hereafter be further divided.

33—2

254 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Thus in Apterocis some of the species e.g. A. ephistenioides are quite regularly
convex, the prothorax being very closely adapted to and continuing the curve of the
elytra. In others, e.g. A. rufo-notatus, A. variegatiis, &c., the outline is not regularly
convex, but is interrupted at the point of contact of the elytra and prothora.x. Some of
the species of this latter group closely resemble A. ephistemoidcs in general appearance,
but others e.g. A. variegatus have a very coarse sculpture, and one {^A. hystrix) is
unique in the genus as being conspicuously clothed with erect hairs. We also notice
differences in the structure of the mesosternum in front of the coxae, and in A. varie-
gatus and probably in the allied A. omatipennis, the metasternum is less short than is
normal in the genus.

Of the species assigned to Cis, C. pacificiis is the most commonplace and
greatly resembles European species, and will probably be found to be not indigenous.
It has some resemblance to C. breviformis but to no other species, and the latter also
has a very different appearance to the truly indigenous species, and I suspect may
prove to be also foreign. Another species C. alienus may also prove to have
been introduced. The remaining 26 species are all of peculiar facies, and exhibit
considerable variety of form and appearance, and must be considered as peculiar to the
islands. Cis violokaioisis (and probably C. kaleakalae, the unique example of which
could not be examined from this point) is wingless or nearly so, but we have not
separated it generically on that account, because the wings of another species, C. fallax,
are in a more or less rudimentary condition, and we are not even certain whether this
species is more than a variety of the normally full-winged C. signatus. Besides
these species, C. miiints and C. diviinuiivus appear to me to belong to the same
group, and will probably prove to have the wings either absent or rudimentary,
the abortion of the wings being accompanied, in most of the species at least, by a
shortening of the metasternum. In these characters it will be seen that the insects
above mentioned approach to the genus Apterocis, but they lack the oval and highly
convex form, which is so striking a feature of the latter. Nevertheless the complex
affinities between the Hawaiian species of Cis (excluding the doubtfully indigenous
forms) and Apterocis render it highly probable that the latter originated in the islands,
through forms somewhat similar to some of the species of Cis, which now inhabit
them.

Some few of the species of Cis are found in large fungi growing e.xternally on
trees, but the greater number are attached to dead branches of trees, or found beneath
dead bark, where they no doubt feed on the smaller fungi which grow in such places.
Individuals of many of the species are numerous, and they are no doubt parasitised by
the minute Hymenoptera of the genera Sierola and Scleroderma, which are taken
in their company. We have lately bred forms (winged and wingless) allied to these
Hymenoptera from the burrows of Eimearthron, another genus of Cioidae, in this
country.

COLEOPTERA 255

Cis Latr.

(i) Cis alienus Sharp.

Cis alienus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 91.

This is very different to any other Hawaiian species, and is probably either a
natural immigrant, or has been introduced by man. Its general appearance, the
clothing of the under parts, the great length of the prosternum in front of the coxae &c.,
are all foreign to the true native type.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, mountains ; two examples taken (Blackburn) ; Waianae
mountains, several examples, Perkins. It is probably a scarce insect.

(2) Cis pacijictts Sharp.

Cis pacificiis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 91.

The most common-place species of the genus as represented in the islands, and
probably not truly indigenous. The processes on the head of the ^ vary greatly
in development.

Hab. Throughout the islands in the mountain forests.

(3) Cis breviformis, sp. nov.

Parum elongatus, ferrugineus, pronoto plus minusve infuscato, pedibus antennis-
que rufo-testaceis, harum articulis apicalibus nigricantibus. Pronotum opacum vel
minus nitidum, brevissime griseo-pubescens, sat latum, densius subtiliter punctatum.
Elytra breviuscula, griseo-pubescentia, haud maculata, parum profunde ruguloso-
punctata. Long. 2 mm.

Somewhat like Cis pacificus in form, and quite unlike any other Hawaiian species.
The thoracic puncturation is rather close and very fine, that of the elytra is larger, but
shallow, rugose and irregular. Both the thorax and elytra are clothed with very short
pale setae, which hardly stand out from the surface, but are quite conspicuous, and with
the short form and ferruginous colour give the species a very distinctive appearance.

Hab. Molokai. Two examples taken at an elevation of above 4000 ft.

2 56 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

{4) Cis nesiotes, sp. nov.

Subcylindricus, haud fortiter convexus, pronoto aeneo, antice posticeque saepe
pallescente, elytris testaceis, marginibus lateralibus fasciaque transversa circa media
nigris, setulis pallidis brevissimis inconspicue vestitis. Pronotum nitidum distincte sat
fortiter punctatum. Elytra grosse denseque rugoso-punctata. Pedes articulique anten-
narum basales testacei, femoribus saepe antennarumque clava nigricantibus. Long, vix
2 — 2'5 mm.

A distinct species with the thorax always brassy or coppery, elytra pale, black
along the margins and about the middle of their length with a transverse fascia, which
forms two sharp angles. This fascia is sometimes broken up into detached spots.
The species is chiefly remarkable for the coarse (but shallow) and very rugose
puncturation of the elytra, which even on the apical portions is hardly different in
character. The very short pallid setae are quite evident but not conspicuous. There
are no long hairs on any part of the elytra. There is considerable variation in the
puncturation of the prothorax, the punctures being very much coarser and closer in
some examples than in others, and in many the surface of this part is evidently uneven.

(5) Cis cognatissiinus, sp. nov.

Praecedenti forma et colore simillimus, pronoto aeneo, nitido distincte punctato,
elytris testaceis nigro-signatis, basi grossius rugoso-punctata, setulis pallidis brevissimis
vestitis, apicem versus minus dense rugoso-punctatis et laevioribus. Long. 17 —
2"25 mm.

Extremely like the preceding, and very variable in size ; in some examples the
median transverse fascia of the elytra is represented by two spots, but usually it forms
a sharp angular mark on either wing-case just as in the preceding. The thorax is
distinctly and clearly punctured, more closely in some examples than others, the surface
shining. The elytra are less rugosely punctured, towards the apex a good deal
smoother and the punctures less close and rugose than in C. nesiotes, and for this
reason the two forms cannot be considered identical. The clothing is of the same
character in both the species.

Hab. Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai, Hawaii, in the mountains from 2000 —
4000 ft.

(6) Cis bicolor Sharp.

Cis bicolor Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 93; Blackburn, Tr. Dublin

Soc. 1885, p. 163, PI. IV. fig. 22.
This is a distinct species and is I believe quite distinct from C. tabidiis Shp.,
which in Tr. Dublin Soc. (1. c. supra) was sunk as a variety of it, as well as from the

COLEOPTERA 257

forms with aeneous thorax mentioned in Blackburn's note (1. c). The latter at least in
part are no doubt referable to Cis cognatissinius or C. nesiotes, or to both of these
species. Usually C. bicolor may be distinguished at a glance from these species by its
general appearance. The prothorax is black, not aeneous, and is widely pale in front
and more or less so posteriorly. The elytra are testaceous with a black spot on each
about the middle, and in front of these is another spot placed transversely across
the suture. This transverse spot is absent in only a few e.xamples in a long series
and it is doubtful whether these are really specifically identical with the others. The
elytra in very fresh specimens bear some excessively short setae rather like those of
C. cognatissimus, but there is no trace of any long fine hairs at the sides or apex. The
species is of rather elegant form owing to its convexity, and the rather rounded sides of
the elytra. The chief variation is seen in the puncturation especially of the prothorax,
which in some examples except at the extreme base is excessively smooth and shining
and nearly impunctate, but we have taken examples distinctly punctured in company
with the very finely punctured individuals. The length varies from r5 — 2*5 mm.

Hab. In the mountains of all the islands. The van in which the trans-sutural
black spot on the elytra is wanting has occurred on Kauai and Hawaii, and these
individuals are above the average in size.

(7) Cis bimaailatus Sharp.

Cis bimaculatus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 161.

The largest Hawaiian species of the genus, but very variable in size, some examples,
both from Hawaii and Maui, being only about one-third the bulk of the larger indi-
viduals. These dwarf specimens are taken in company with those of normal size.
Otherwise this species exhibits little or no variation. There are no long hairs on the
elytra, but excessively short pale setae are present, at least in fresh examples. Length
2"2 — 3"2 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.— Hawaii, at elevations of 3000—5000 ft. Not rare,
about 30 examples have been examined.

(8) Cis nigrofasciatus Blackb.

Cis nigrofasciatus Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 162.

(Plate X. fig. 18.)

Seven examples of this species were taken and they exhibit no noteworthy varia-
tion, except that some are considerably larger than others. The setae of the elytra
are excessively minute, and hardly visible even under a very strong lens. Length
2 — 2'7 mm.

Hab. Lanai, 2000—3000 ft. Blackburn's unique example was taken on the
same island.

258 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(9) Cis unicus, sp. nov.

Testaceus, nitidus, haud setosus, capite infuscato, elytris in parte basali lateraliter
nigro-fuscis. Pronotum nitidum, subtilius vix dense punctatum. Elytra nitida, grossius
irregulariter ruguloso-punctata. Long. 2 mm.

Closely allied to C. nigrofasciatus, but smaller than the smallest example of that
species, and decidedly more shining. The puncturation of the elytra is coarse but
shallow, somewhat rugose and irregular, the punctures appearing to differ in size. The
colour of the elytra is testaceous, but the basal half is to a large extent blackish or
infuscate, except along the suture, and the dark colour at a point rather beyond the
middle of the length of the wing-cases extends inwards nearly to the suture, to form a
vague interrupted band. I can detect no trace of setae either on the thorax or the
elytra.

Hab. Hawaii. A single example was taken at Kilauea.

(10) Cis porcatus Sharp.

Cis porcatus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1S79, p. 92.

This minute species is easily recognized by its dark colour, very dense sculpture
and short grey clothing, which however is easily abraded. The head of the cT is pro-
duced into strong angular processes, which vary greatly in development.

Hab. One of the commonest of the island species and of general distribution in
the forests from 1 500 to 4000 ft.

(11) Cis instilaris Sharp.

Cis insiilaris Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 164.

(Plate X. fig. 19.)

A unicolorous, or nearly unlcolorous, testaceous species, with strong and very
dense puncturation over the whole surface, the elytra and also the prothorax in
fresh examples bearing excessively short setae. The thorax and base of elytra are
sometimes infuscate, and in some the elytra are quite pallid, but there are no distinct
markings. The c/ has the front of the head produced into two processes, which, as
usual, vary greatly in development. Length 2 — 27 mm.

Hab. Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, and Hawaii. Taken on most of the islands rather
sparingly, and it no doubt occurs on all. It is found in the forests from 2000 — 4000 ft.
About a score of examples were captured.

COLEOPTERA 259

(12) Cis ckioj'oiiciis Sharp.

Cis chloroticus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1S85, p. 164.

This is another normally immaculate species of a testaceous colour, the thorax and
base of elytra sometimes more or less inclined to fuscous. The surface in this species
is not quite glabrous, as in a profile view of the prothora.x some short, fine, erect hairs
can easily be detected, although they are sparsely distributed. Length V] — 2"25 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.) ; not common.

(13) Cis simulator sp. nov.

Elongatus, subconvexus, nitidus, testaceus, capite nigricante, pronoto saepe plus
minusve infuscato, elytris utrinque nigro-maculatis, apices versus lateraliter setis graci-
libus elongatis sparsim vestitis. Pronotum subremote distincte punctatum. Elytra
basim versus obscure punctata, puncturatione subobsoleta. Long. 175 — 22 mm.

In the condition of its clothing this species resembles the following {Cis iabidus), the
head and prothorax bearing fine, erect setae, very short on the latter, and easily abraded,
the elytra at the sides towards the apex having a sparse clothing of long, fine hairs. It
differs from that species in its larger average size, and more convex form, and the elytra
are more pointed behind, being decidedly less parallel-sided. The insect would appear
to be very constant in its general appearance, being testaceous in colour, with dark
head, and two black spots at about the middle of the length of the elytra. In some
examples the thorax is more or less obscured with fuscous or blackish clouding. At
the base the elytra have an obscure, indefinite, and subobsolete, but rather large
puncturation. In general appearance and form this species is extremely similar to
C. chloroticus, but that insect has immaculate elytra, and is devoid of the long hairs at
the sides of the elytra towards the apex.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; about a dozen examples taken.

(14) Cis tabidns Sharp.

Cis tabidns Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 93.

Distinct from Cis bicolor, under which species it was sunk by Blackburn. It is
very variable in size, colour &c. and also in the puncturation of the prothorax, which is
much closer in some than others. In fresh examples the elytra bear some long fine
hairs at the sides towards the apex, and even in some specimens all along the sides, as

F. H. II. 34

26o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

well as some shorter erect ones on the thorax, often abraded. The prothorax varies in
colour from black to testaceous, and the elytra are sometimes nearly wholly infuscate,
rarely entirely testaceous and immaculate. Cis tabidus appears to be most closely allied
to the even more variable C. setariiis, and although the colour, prothoracic puncturation
&c., are normally different, still it is by no means easy to know to which of the two species
certain examples should be assigned. The shape of the prothorax, length and convexity
of the elytra &c. appear to vary analogously in either species.

Hab. Oahu and Kauai. Common. Most and probably all of the islands,

(15) Cis set arms Sharp.

Cis setarius Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 162.

Cis apicalis Shp. loc. cit. ~ var.

Cis concolor Shp. loc. cit. p. 163 = var.

A most variable and perplexing species allied to the preceding but darker in
colour, often entirely black or castaneous, generally with the anterior or both this and
the posterior margin of the prothorax pale, the base of the elytra dark but more or less
of the apex often pale, sometimes more than the apical half of a testaceous colour.
Fine long hairs can generally be detected at the apex of the wing cases, sometimes also
they form a regular but not dense clothing all along the sides, and hairs of a similar
character can be detected standing erect on the prothorax. This part is usually
shining, strongly but not densely punctured, and the elytra have a large and more
or less indefinite puncturation at the base. In some examples the puncturation of
the prothorax is extremely fine, and it appears that the species is more or less different
according to the locality, but varies much in each. The length of the elytra and their
convexity as well as the width of the prothorax are also variable. Length \-2 — 2 mm.

Hab. Abundant on Hawaii in the mountains, and also found on the other islands
including Kauai, so that it is of general distribution.

(16) Cis caiidtis Sharp.

Cis calidus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 164.

Apparently a rather variable species, the puncturation being denser and more
regular both on the prothorax and elytra in some examples than in others. It also
varies in size and colour, the latter being sometimes quite black and sometimes
castaneous. The dense regular clothing of fine erect setae is easily abraded and then
the species is not very easily distinguished from some well clothed individuals of the
very variable C. setarius. Length i'^ — -2 mm.

Hab. Kauai and Oahu. A few examples taken in the mountains.

COLEOPTERA 261

(17) Cis signatus Sharp.

Cis signattis Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1879, p. 92.

Cis attenuahis Shp., Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. i65 = var. of C. signatus.

(Plate X. figs. 20, 20 «, 20 b and 20 r.)

Extremely variable in colour. The palest examples are nearly entirely testaceous,
having only two or four dark spots on the elytra, one example indeed apparently
referable to this species is entirely immaculate. The darkest individuals are black with
only the anterior and posterior margins of the prothorax, and two spots near the apex
and one on the suture of the elytra in front of these, testaceous, so that probably entirely
black examples of the species may occur. The prothorax is not infrequendy of an
entirely testaceous colour, and is much wider in some examples than in others. Cis
attenuatus Shp. is no doubt a variety of this species. The puncturation of the elytra is
a little stronger in some examples than is usually the case. Length vix \'^ — 2 '25 mm.

Hab. Taken on all the islands, commonly on Maui, Lanai and Hawaii, from
1500 — 5000 ft. in the mountains.

(18) Cis 7-oridns Sharp.

Cis roi-idus Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 165.

Apparently most nearly allied to C. signatus but differing in colour &c. and
with a stronger sculpture. It varies considerably in size, but not very greatly in other
respects. Length i "6 — 2*2 mm.

Hab. Most, and probably all, of the islands. A series was obtained in Kona,
Hawaii (4000 — -5000 ft.), and we have taken it on Kauai, Molokai and Lanai.

(19) Cis kaiiaiensis, sp. nov.

Testaceus, capite nigro, elytris maculis compluribus plus minusve conjunctis
variegatis, setis nullis vestitus, minus fortiter convexus. Pronotum rufo-testaceum,
densissime punctatum, postice evidenter utrinque subimpressum. Elytra dense fortiter-
que rugoso-punctata, macula nigra humerali, aliisque compluribus ad media plus minusve
conjunctis, ornata. subnitida et nuda. Long. 2 "6 mm.

A very distinct species somewhat allied to C. signatus, but more convex, with
different markings, much stronger and coarser puncturation, and apparently with no
trace of setae on the elytra or prothorax. Curiously enough the peculiar elytral
markings are almost, if not quite, identical with those of some examples of Apterocis
variegatus and A. ornatipennis. The scutellum is very distinct, and the wings are fully
developed. The prothorax is very finely, but distinctly, margined at the sides, but not
at all posteriorly. The surface of the elytra is distinctly shining between the dense and
somewhat coarse punctures.

Hab. Kauai. A single example was taken on the high plateau (4000 ft.).

34—2

262 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(20) Cis molokaiensis, sp. nov.

Niger, brevissime, sed conspicue, griseo-setulosus, pronoto antice posticeque plus
minusve testaceo-signato. Pronotiim latum, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, postice baud
evidenter marginatum, densissime ruguloso-punctatum. Elytra densissime ruguloso-
punctata, punctis ipsis vix discernendis. Metasternum breve. Abdominis segmenta
ventralia punctata. Alae nullae (an rudimentariae ?). Long, i "4 — 2 mm.

This and the following four or five species will probably hereafter be separated
generically from the other Hawaiian Cis. As it would appear that Cis signaitcs in
certain varieties makes an approach in form to these species, we have not thought it
advisable to form a new genus at present, until the question of variation in that species
has been thoroughly investigated. Cis molokaiensis on account of its dark colour and
grey setulosity somewhat resembles C. po7'cat7is Shp., but it is abundantly distinct
therefrom by its stronger sculpture, wider prothorax (which, however, varies in width in
different specimens), and more elegant form, as well as by the shorter metasternum and
the fact that the wings, if present at all, are rudimentary. There is a faint development
of tubercles on the head of the ^, but they are very small compared with those of well-
developed C. porcatus.

Hab. Molokai. High wet forests, Sept. 1893.

(21) Cis haleakalae, sp. nov.

Niger, pronoti margine antico, pedibus, antennarumque basi, testaceis, praecedenti
affinis sed major et latior, baud evidenter setulosus. Pronotum subtiliter densissime
ruguloso-punctatum. Elytra dense ubique rugulosa, punctis ipsis baud vel vix dis-
cernendis, lateribus sat rotundatis, apicibus subacuminatis. Long. 2 mm. (Plate X.

fig- 1 7-)

Somewhat of the form of the preceding, but with the elytra more rounded at the
sides, and more pointed behind. The sculpture of the elytra is very remarkable, being
of a finely strigose character. There is little doubt the species is wingless, although we
have not been able to investigate this and other points of structure.

Hab. Maui. A single example on Haleakala (5000 ft).

(22) Cis mirabilis, sp. nov.

Niger, ore, antennarum basi, pronoti margine antico maculaque postica, elytrorum-
que fascia subapicali testaceis. Pronotum fortiter densissime punctatum. Elytra
convexiuscula, fortiter rugosa, et punctata, baud setosa. Long. 2 mm.

COLEOPTERA 263

A very remarkable species of the same curious form as C. haleakalae, and no doubt
either wingless or with only rudimentary wings, though it has not been examined in
this respect. The coarse rugose sculpture of the elytra, amongst which distinct
puncturation is evident, distinguish it at once.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft. One example captured.

(23) Cis fallax, sp. no v.

Testaceus, pronoto saepe medio nigricante vel fusco, elytris nigro-maculatis,
C. signato colore similis, et eodem vestitu et puncturatione, sed forma magis convexa,
elytrorum lateribus magis rotundatis, alls brevioribus, ad apices elytrorum baud extensis,
distinguendus. Long. i'5 — vix 2 mm.

I have found it necessary to separate a few examples taken in company with
C. signatus from that species, although they do not differ from certain of its varieties
either in colour, clothing or sculpture. They are decidedly more convex than C. signatus
and the sides of the elytra are more rounded, so that they often appear rather shorter
and more pointed at the apex. On dissecting one of these specimens we find the wings
to be less developed than those of the preceding species, and in repose they do not
nearly reach to the apex of the abdomen, as is the case in the numerous examples
of C. signatus that we have examined. For these reasons it is advisable for the present
to consider the two forms as distinct species.

Hab. Oahu. Three or four examples have been taken in the Waianae mountains
in company with C. signatus.

(24) Cis miiJius, sp. nov.

Nigricans, pedibus, antennarum basi, pronoti margine antico et postico (vel horum
altero), elytrisque testaceis, his nigro-signatis ; colore variabilis, nonnunquam totus
testaceus, elytris nigro-notatis ; C. signato vestitu et colore simulans, setulis brevis-
simis crebre ubique vestitus. Pronotum densissime punctulatum. Elytra subinae-
qualia, basim versus grossius rugoso-punctata. Long, i '5 — 2 mm.

Like many specimens of C. signatus in colour and setulosity, but easily distinguished
by the coarse but shallow punctures on the elytra, the surface of which is somewhat
rugose and uneven, and the insect is more convex. The wings are apparently not
fully developed as compared with the ordinary condition of these organs in the genus,
but we have not been able to fully examine the species with regard to this point. There
are normally four black spots on the dorsum of the elytra, which may be connected
more or less laterally.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; three examples taken.

264 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(25) Cis diminutivus Sharp.

Cis dimimitivtts Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 94.

Hab. Oahu. Two examples were taken on Konahuanui by Mr Blackburn ; we
have not met with this species, which appears to be quite distinct.

(26) Cis evanescens Sharp.

Cis evanescens Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1S79, p. 95.

This minute species is easily distinguished from any but the following species by
the very feeble and fine, often hardly perceptible, puncturation of the prothorax. In
some examples the prothoracic punctures though sparse and feeble are distinguishable,
in others the surface is practically impunctate, and the surface usually dull. The elytral
sculpture is also variable, but always feeble, and consists of a rugulosity of the surface
rather than puncturation, and is sometimes hardly perceptible. In some examples the
thorax is of a testaceous colour as is usual in the following species. The entire insect
is without clothing. Length i — 1*5 mm.

Hab. Found on all the islands in the mountain forests from 2000 — 4000 ft.

(27) Cis laeticulus Sharp.

Cis laeticiihts Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 94.

Resembles C. evanescens for the most part in sculpture, but the elytra are, at least
in most examples, decidedly more elongate, and the hinder angles of the prothorax are
very slightly prominent and acute. This point of distinction between the two species
is generally difficult to appreciate without separating the elytra from the thorax, but
appears to be quite constant. In typical examples the prothorax is of a pallid colour
and contrasts greatly with the elytra, which also are sometimes pale on their apical
portion. Examples from Lanai probably referable to the same species have the elytra
and thorax concolorous, or at least the latter is not much paler than the former. One
of these Lanai examples, however, hardly differs from the typical examples, although
the individuals were all taken in company. Length 12 — v^ mm.

Hab. Oahu and Lanai. Probably on all the islands but not collected on the
others. If I remember rightly the species is found on withered leaves of Freycinetia,
where it no doubt feeds on some species of fungus.

COLEOPTERA 265

(28) Cis longipennis Blackb.

Cis longipennis Blackburn, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 162.

Hab. Kauai. ' A single specimen was found in dry wood on the mountains.'
(Blackburn.) We have not met with this species, which must be very closely allied to
the following.

(29) Cis angustiformis, sp. nov.

Angustus, elongatus, parum convexus, fusco-niger ad colorem testaceum varians,
pronoto nonnunquam testaceo, C. laeticulo cognatissimus, sed elytris sat evidenter
longioribus distinguendus. Long. r2— i"5mm.

Very closely allied to C. laetiadus, with which it agrees in the obsolete, or nearly
obsolete, sculpture, and in having the hinder prothoracic angles a little acute and
prominent. Darker examples are concolorous, except that the apices of the elytra are
generally a little paler ; the paler individuals have the elytra of a fusco-testaceous
colour, and the prothorax rather clear testaceous, so that there is some contrast between
the colour of these parts, but it is not so striking as in typical C. laetiadus, while the
darker specimens resemble the Lanai form of this species. It cannot however be
treated as a form of C. laeticuhis, as the elytra are decidedly longer in proportion to
their width, indeed the great elongation of the insect is quite remarkable.

Hab. Oahu. Seven examples were taken in company in theWaianae mountains,
at an elevation of 3000 ft.

Apterocis, gen. nov.

Forma ovali, fortissime transversim et longitudinaliter convexa, metasterno parum
elongate, alls nullis.

Allied to Cis with the antennae &c. similarly formed, but of oval shape, and
extremely convex longitudinally and transversely. The species are wingless and the
metasternum is shorter than in Cis. There are no processes on the front of the head
of the ^ in any of the species known, but this sex may be known, in many of the
species at least, by the presence of a tubercle on the basal abdominal segment
beneath.

(i) Apterocis ephistemoides Sharp.

Cis ephistemoides Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. 1S85, p. 165, Plate IV. fig. 21.
This species varies greatly in size and in some examples a few long hairs can be
detected at the sides of the elytra. Length i — 2 mm.
Hab. Common generally in the mountains.

266 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Apterocis vagepunctatus Blackb.

Cis vagepundatiis Blackburn, loc. cit. p. 166.

Hab. Oahu. A single specimen in the mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn) ; I
have not met with this species.

(3) Aptej'ocis lanaiensis, sp. nov.

Nigricans, pronoto nonnunquam plus minusve piceo vel rufescente, elytrorum apice
humerisque rufo-maculatis, antennarum basi pedibusque rufescentibus. Nitidus, valde
aequaliter convexus, pronoto ruguloso-punctato, postice baud evidenter marginato.
Elytra circa basim sparsim vage punctata. Abdominis segmenta ventralia evidenter
densius punctata. Long, circa 2 mm. (Plate X. fig. 14.)

A very distinct species by the rugulosely punctured prothorax, vague scattered
punctures at the base of the elytra and the distinct humeral and apical red spots on the
latter. The general form of the insect is like that of Cis cphistemoides.

Hab. Lanai. Three examples were taken on the summit of the mountains.

(4) Apterocis montamts, sp. nov.

Brunneus, valde aequaliter convexus, capite pronotoque nigricantibus, hoc antice
posticeque pallido-marginato, antennis testaceis. Pronotum remote subtiliter sub-
obsolete punctatum, postice levissime marginatum. Elytra basim versus obsoletissime
punctata, vage subrugulosa, setulis brevissimis pallidis, vi.x videndis, ferentia. Ab-
dominis segmenta ventralia necnon metasternum nitida et impunctata. Long, circa
2"2 mm.

Apterocis nioiitanus var. minor, var. nov.

Minor, pronoto fere impunctato, elytris plaga vaga transversa obscuriore. Long,
circa 1*5 mm.

Much smaller than the typical specimens, but obtained in company with these.
They differ in the nearly or quite impunctate prothorax, and the elytra have the base
and apex paler than the middle portion, giving them a vague banded appearance. I
can detect both sexes in these small examples and it is possible that they are really a
distinct species.

Two or three examples from Molokai appear to belong to this species and in some
respects unite the typical examples with the var. minor by the following characters :

COLEOPTERA 267

Brown, the prothorax with some very fine remote subobsolete punctures, the base of
the elytra with some very feebly impressed nearly obsolete but rather large ones. The
apical portion of the elytra is of a pale testaceous colour and much paler than the brown
basal portion much as in the var. minor.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000ft., typical form and the var. minor; also on Molokai
above 4000 ft. Rare.

(5) Apterocis variabilis, sp. nov.

Nitidus, valde aequaliter convexus, colore variabili, sed elytrorum apice extremo
semper pallido. Pronoto distincte subtiliter nee dense punctato, postice haud distincte
marginato. Elytra basim versus remote punctata, punctis saepe obsoletis, vix videndis,
nonnunquam sat distinctis sed parum profundis. Abdominis segmenta ventralia dense
subtiliter punctata. Long. r5 — 2 mm.

Variable in colour, like A. ephistemoides in form, but of larger average size. Black
with the thorax more or less piceous, the apex of the elytra pale and with a reddish spot
at either shoulder sometimes united to form a transverse fascia, or entirely reddish-brown,
with only the apex of the elytra paler than the general colour, the elytra being a little
darker in colour in front of the pale apex, thereby rendering the paleness more distinct.
Intermediates occur between the extreme forms. The dark varieties (.^ males) have
the thorax more closely punctured, and the puncturation of the basal part of the elytra
generally rather large and distinct, although shallow. In the pale forms (? females) the
elytral puncturation is often hardly observable, but there is evident variation in this
respect. The mesosternum in front of the middle coxae is I believe formed as in
A. ephistemoides, so that the front pair are almost contiguous with these.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains, several examples taken. In some varieties this
species greatly resembles A. lanaiensis but the puncturation of the prothorax is not
rugulose as in that species, others resemble A. montanus, which has the thorax much less
distinctly punctate.

(6) Apterocis liawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Niger, nitidus, valde fere aequaliter convexus, elytrorum apice rufescente. Pro-
notum nitidum, subtiliter remote punctatum, postice haud evidenter marginatum.
Elytra nitida, basali parte praecipue versus latera grossius remote punctata. Meta-
sternum et abdominis segmenta ventralia dense punctata ; segmentum basale t tuberculo
forti munitum. Mesosternum breve, parte sculpturata praecoxali fortiter obliqua.
Long, circa 2 mm.

F. H. II. 35

268 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The half-dozen examples of this species show no noteworthy variation in colour,
but some have the puncturation of the thorax less fine, and the punctures at the base of
the elytra more numerous and coarser. I suspect these differences are for the most
part sexual. Very short pale and inconspicuous setae can be detected in fresh
examples.

Hab. Hawaii (4000 ft.).

(7) Apterocis ru/o-noiaiiis, sp. nov.

Niger, nitidus, prothorace nonnunquam rufo-piceo, elytrorum apice rufescente,
humerisque maculis rufis, saepe in fasciam transversam conjunctis, signatis. Pronotum
fortiter minus sparsim punctatum. Elytra basim versus grosse remote punctata.
Mesosternum dense sculpturatum, parte antica vix obliqua. Abdominis segmenta
ventralia dense subtiliter punctata. Van elytris nigris, baud rufo-notatis. Long.
I "5 — 2 mm.

Found in company with A. hazvaiiensis, but distinguished by the general form,
the prothorax and elytra not forming together such an even and continuous curve.
The mesosternum in front of the coxae is so little oblique that it nearly continues
the plane of the metasternum. Some examples have the thorax decidedly more
finely and remotely punctured than others, the variation being analogous with that
exhibited in the same parts of A. hawaiiensis.

Hab. Hawaii (4000 ft.). Six examples taken. — Molokai (4500 ft.). One
mutilated example taken, apparently identical with those from Hawaii.

(8) Apterocis impunctattis, sp. nov.

Nigricans vel nigro-piceus, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Pronotum im-
punctatum, nitidum, postice distincte marginatum. Elytra nitida, impunctata, corpore
subtus impunctato. Long, i — 1"5 mm.

In many respects very like A. ephistemoides but readily distinguished by its form,
the outline of the thorax and elytra not forming the very even curve that is seen
in that species. Posteriorly the prothorax is finely but very distinctly margined.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains. — Kauai, Makaweli (2500 ft.) one very minute
individual.

(9) Apterocis variegates, sp. nov.

Niger, sat elongatus, ovalis, glaber, elytris testaceis, nigro-variegatis, pronoti
margine antico maculaque basali, antennarumque articulis basalibus, testaceis. Pronotum
densissime grosseque rugoso-punctatum, subimpressum et subinaequale, postice vix

COLEOPTERA 269

marginatum. Elytra grosse rugoso-punctata, basim versus sulcis longitudinalibus com-
pluribus, male definitis, inaequalia, testacea, maculis nigris plus minusve conjunctis
eleganter variegata. Metasternum fortiter punctatum. Abdominis segmenta 2 — 5
dense subtilius punctata. Long. 2 '5 mm.

Remarkable for its fusiform-ovate shape, and the excessively dense coarse sculpture.
The metasternum is not so much shortened as is usual in the genus, and the mesosternum
in front of the coxae is rather long, horizontal, and densely sculptured except along
the narrow articulating margin. No doubt this insect and others allied to it will here-
after be separated from typical Apterocis, which are much more strongly convex and
differ in the form of the mesosternum, but if so it will be necessary to form several new
genera for this remarkable group of insects.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (4000 — 5000 ft.). Rare, four examples only having been
met with.

(10) Apterocis ornatipennis, sp. nov.

Forma, magnitudine, et colore praecedentis, sed pronoto minus dense rugoso-
punctato, punctis ipsis facile distinguendis, distinctus. Long. 2 — 2 '5 mm. (Plate X.

% 1 5-)

Very closely allied to A. variegatits, and only differing in the sculpture of the
prothorax, which is less extremely dense, and though the puncturation is very rugose
the individual punctures are moderately distinct, and do not run into one another to the
extent that is seen in the other species. The pale colour of the margins of the
prothorax is also of greater extent, and in one example the prothorax is entirely piceous
in colour.

Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; very rare, two examples only having been met
with.

(11) Apterocis sfrigosiis, sp. nov.

Castaneus, rufo-brunneus, vel testaceus (an immaturus ?), elytris prothorace palli-
dioribus, latissime nigro-fasciatis, maculisque duabus nigris ad basim plerumque ornatis.
Pronotum fortiter punctatum et longitudinaliter strigosum, nitidum, postice haud evi-
denter marginatum, margine antico pallido, et ad angulos anteriores flavo-maculatum.
Elytra fortiter convexa, ad basim latiuscula, apices versus attenuata, basi grosse rugoso-
punctata, setas pallidas brevissimas inconspicuas sparsim ferentia. Metasternum sat
breve, fortiter punctatum. Abdominis segmenta 4 ultima distincte subtiliter punctata.
Long. 17 — 2 '2 mm. (Plate X. fig. 16.)

In this species the markings on the elytra are variable, the two spots at the basal

2 70 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

margin being sometimes connected with the wide transverse fascia, but sometimes are
altogether wanting. The extreme apex of the elytra is usually dark. The meso-
sternum is prolonged subhorizontally in front of the coxae, almost continuing the plane
of the metasternum. It is coarsely sculptured except for the very narrow front margin
which is overlapped by the prosternum.

Hab. Molokai. Highest forests above 4000 ft.

(12) Apterocis subaeneus, sp. nov.

Praecedenti cognatissimus, sed forma paullo angustiore, prothorace nigro, subaeneo-
micante, ad angulos anteriores haud flavo-maculato, distinguendus. Long, vix 2 mm.

Extremely like A. strigosus but a narrower insect with black slightly aeneous
prothorax, which is not maculate at the front angles. The pale setae are observable on
the thorax, and on the elytra they are decidedly less inconspicuous than is the case in
the preceding species. A series of examples may, however, prove this to be only a
variety of A. strigosus.

Hab. Maui. A single example taken on Haleakala at an elevation of 5000 ft.

(13) Apterocis Iiystrix, sp. nov.

Unicolor, testaceus, aut capite nigricante, ovalis, sat convexus, setis erectis elon-
gatis dense ubique vestitus. Pronotum latum, postice haud marginatum, densissime
subtiliter punctatum. Elytra dense irregulariter rugoso-punctata. Long, circa 2 mm.

Unlike any other species, in form something like A. strigosus and its allies, the
convexity of the elytra and prothorax not forming a very strong and even curve, when
viewed laterally. The elytral puncturation is dense, rugulose and indefinite, the punc-
tures apparently not being of even size, and but shallowly impressed.

Hab. Lanai. Two examples (one mutilated) were taken on the top of the
mountains.

ZOOLOG-ICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty
Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by
Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the
University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 12s. 6al. each.

PART I.

1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.

2. Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER.

With 6 figures in the text.

3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.

4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK.

With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. L PocoCK.

With Plates X.— XI.

PART 11.

7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.

8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY Bell, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.

9. Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A.

With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.

With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc.

With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV.— XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

WiLLEY, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab.

With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. \In the Press:]

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coeitopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham.

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera willeyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LiSTER, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

iContron: C. J. CLAY and SONS,

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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

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MOLLUSC A

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EARTHWORMS

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ENTOZOA

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The Fauna Hawailensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years.

Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.

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The Lord Avebury, F.R.S
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p. H. Grimshaw, F.E.S.

G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S.

E. Meyrick, F.Z.S.
R. C. L. Perkins, B.A.

R. I. POCOCK

D. Sharp, F.R.S. ...
A. E. Shipley, M.A.
M. EuG. Simon

E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.
The Lord Walsingham, F

R.S.

Hymetioptera Parasitica.

Thysanuva and Collembola.

Earthworms.

Isopod Cntstacea.

Formicidae.

Diptera.

Hemiptera.

Macrolepidoptera.

[Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
\ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

Myriapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms.

Arachnida.

Molhisca.

Microlepidoptera .

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of

THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., MA., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME II. PART iV.

MOLLUSCA BY E. R. SYKES : EARTHWORMS by F. E. BEDDARD

ENTOZOA BY A. E. SHIPLEY.

Pages 271—441; Plate XI, coloured; Plates XII, XIII, XIV, imcoloured.

CAMBRIDGE:

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1900

[^// liiglits resereed.']
May 19, 1900.

aonDon: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE,
©laasoto: 50, WELLINGTON STREET.

TLeippf. F. A. BROCKHAUS.

0cto Jgorft: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Bombao: E. SEYMOUR HALE.

MOLLUSCA

By E. R. SYKES, F.Z.S.

EARTHWORMS

By F. E. BEDDARD, F.R.S.

ENTOZOA

By a. E. SHIPLEY, M.A.

271

MOLLUSCA.

""■ '■ s-b.,

ByE.E.Sykes, "■=;£-.;..,

WITH INTERCALATIONS ON ANATOMY
By Lt.-Col. Godwin- Austen.

Contents. § i, General remarks, p. 271 ; § 2, Systematic account, p. 275 ; § 3, Biblio-
graphic list, p. 400 ; § 4, Alphabetical list of names placed as synonyms, p. 407 ;
§ 5, Alphabetical list of nnideiitifed or erroneously recorded names, p. 412.

The material upon which this study of the land and fresh-water Mollusca is based,
in addition to the collection formed by Mr Perkins, consists in a great measure of the
collection in the British Museum (Natural History), where the bulk of Newcomb's and
Pfeiffer's type-specimens are to be found. Thanks to the kindness of Prof. A. Hyatt,
an examination has been made of the type-specimens of the species described by
Gulick, of the genus Leptachatina, and now preserved at Boston. Mr D. D. Baldwin,
of Maui, has also very kindly sent over a number of specimens and Mons. Ancey has
lent the types of some species described by him. A collection formed in the Islands by
Mr Hutchison has also been placed in my hands for examination by Mr Fulton.

Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin- Austen, F. R.S., has enabled me to add to the interest of
this work in a great degree, by very kindly dissecting some of the species and permitting
me to incorporate here the results ; it is hoped that he may be able to give a further
account of the anatomy in the Ackatinellidae.

To Mr Edgar A. Smith, I desire, in conclusion, to express my most grateful thanks
for his unfailing help and courtesy.

§ 1, General Remarks on the Mollusca.

To the student of the Mollusca, the Hawaiian Islands fauna is probably more
familiar by name than that of many better known places, owing to the occurrence there
of the well-known Achatinelloid group of forms.

Tables of the distribution of the fauna are given below, but a few general remarks
here may be of interest.

F. H. II. 36

272 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The Limacidae yield nothing very peculiar or very striking and the few forms
peculiar to the Islands may well have been developed from introduced European
ancestors.

The Zonitidae are scattered over the Islands ; all are peculiar, but they are
nearly related to forms found in other islands of the Pacific : similar remarks apply
to the Endodontidae, one group of which [Pterodiscits), however, appears to be peculiar.

The presence — and that strongly contested — of only a single indigenous species
of the Helicidae again indicates affinities with Polynesia.

The Pupidae as a family, have a very wide geographical range, and hence no
deductions can be drawn from their presence ; it should be noted that here — if the
identification be correct — the fauna includes a species not peculiar to the Islands.

With reference to the Achatinellidae it may at once be noted that several divisions
of the family may be made. First, the brightly coloured forms which fall into the
genus Achatinella proper and which are replaced in the Southern Pacific Islands by
the genus Partula. The metropolis of distribution of all these forms seems to be
Oahu, save in the case of the subgenus Partulina when Maui and Molokai appear to
divide the honour. No species has been found on Kauai and only two on Hawaii at
the other end of the group. Species have been described by authors upon coloration
and band-formations ; in my opinion numbers even of the ' species ' here admitted will
prove, when their anatomy is carefully investigated, to be varying forms of one common
species. Consider, for example, such a shell as Tacliea nemoralis dealt with in the
same manner as the Hawaiian forms have been ! Still, even when reductions are made,
the fauna will remain remarkable for its numerical strength in species.

Secondly, passing through Perdicella and Newcombia, confined to the islands of
Molokai and Maui, we come to the second great division, typified by Leptachatina and
Amasti'a. Here, while the metropolis again seems to be Oahu, Kauai, the oldest
island geologically considered, ranks well with the rest.

Thirdly, passing through the interesting and recently described Thaammiia of
Oahu, we come to Carelia, which is confined to Kauai save for one subfossil species on
the Island of Niihau (the only mollusc on that island).

Fourthly, we have the little group of Aufiadella and Frickella, which leave the
impression that they are linking forms between Achatinella and Tornatellina, and,
again, belong in the main to Oahu. It should be borne in mind, as illustrating the
peculiarity of the fauna, that only about half a dozen out of, approximately, 330
species of Achatinellidae are found on more than one island, and indeed some of
these may be due to errors of identification. In our present state of knowledge a
faunal list is largely influenced by the ' personal equation ' of the writer.

From the residue of the fauna but little is to be learnt ; the development of
Succinea appears abnormal and further research will probably reduce the so-called
' species ' of this group.

MOLLUSC A 273

The following general conclusions may, however, be drawn :

1. The Molluscan fauna is nearly related to that of the Polynesian islands, and
shows hardly any trace of continental influence, Asiatic or American.

2. The species are nearly always confined to one island ; but it is very doubtful
if, as has been stated, "each valley has its peculiar species."

3. When the genera found are confined to the islands, the majority of living
species usually occur on Oahu.

I give below tables of distribution ; but, owing to the fauna being so restricted in
distribution, have not added percentages of peculiar species.

(i) Families Limacidae, Zonitidae, Endodontidae, Helicidae, Pupidae.

Species peculiar to one Island.

Pupidae. Total.

1 1

4 14

2 8

Species occurring in more than one Island.

Limacidae. Two species (Z. gagates and Agriolmiax laevis) are found elsewhere,
and may have been introduced. One species is common to Kauai and Maui, one to
Maui and Hawaii, and one to Kauai, Oahu, and Maui.

Zonitidae. One species common to Kauai, Oahu, and Maui ; one to Oahu,
Molokai, and Lanai ; and one, respectively, to Kauai and Maui, Maui and Oahu.

Philomycidae. One found in Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii, and one in Oahu only;
these species, however, are not peculiar to the Hawaiian fauna.

Endodontidae. Two species are common to Kauai and Oahu ; one, respectively,
to Kauai and Lanai, Maui and Oahu, Lanai and Oahu, Lanai and Molokai ; while
three are of uncertain habitat.

Helicidae. One species — introduced — in Kauai and Oahu.

Pupidae. One in Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii ; one, respectively, in Kauai and
Oahu, Oahu and Hawaii ; further, a single species is found outside the Islands.

\6 — 2

Limacidae.

Zonitidae.

Endodontidae.

Helicidae.

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lanai

Maui

Hawaii

J'-

274

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Achatinellidae. In view of their interesting characters I have here dealt
with the distribution by genera.

Species occurring in only one Island.

ACHATINELLA group.

-a

'-I

.51

•2

.«■

Kauai

Oahu

15°

Molokai

Lanai

Maui

Hawaii

The only forms of Achatinellidae found on more than one island are in the
genera Leptachatina and Aiu-icidella ; in the former one species is said to be found
on Kauai and Oahu, and two on Maui and Oahu ; in the latter similar notes occur
with regard to Oahu and Maui, Molokai and Lanai, Maui and Molokai, and (doubt-
fully) Oahu and Hawaii.

Further a single subfossil species of Carelia is recorded from Niihau ; and the
following are of uncertain habitat: Bulimella i, Partidina 3, Achatinellastriim i,
Aniastra 7, Leptachatina 6, and Aitriatletla 2.

(3) The residue of the fauna.

Species occurring in only one Island.

<
Z

.■V.

Kauai

Oahu

Molokai

Lanai

Maui

Hawaii

MOLLUSC A 275

Species occurring in more than one Island.

Tornatellina. One species, said to be found in Oahu, occurs in the Tonga
Islands. Two species are common to Kauai and Oahu, one to Hawaii and Oahu,
and one to Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii.

Stenogyridae. Opeas j^mceus is said to be found in all the Islands, and both this
and O. prestoni (Hawaii) occur elsewhere. One species is of uncertain habitat.

Succinea. Two species in Oahu, Molokai, and Hawaii ; one in Lanai, Oahu, and
Maui ; one in Kauai and Hawaii, one in Maui and Molokai.

Limnaeidae. One species in 'all the Islands'; one in Kauai and Oahu, one
in Oahu and Maui ; three of uncertain habitat.

Melania. One common to Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Molokai ; one to Kauai
and Oahu ; one to Kauai and Molokai ; one of uncertain habitat.

Helicina. One common to Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, and Molokai ; one to Maui
and Lanai.

Neritina. One common to Maui, Oahu, and Hawaii ; two of uncertain habitat.
Two said to be found in 'all the Islands.'

These three tables show that Kauai has 50 species peculiar to it, Oahu 175,
Molokai 44, Lanai 25, Maui 64, Hawaii 37.

§ 2. Systematic account of the fauna.
Fam. LIMACIDAE.

Amalia Moquin-Tandon.

Avtalia M.-T. Hist. Moll. France, 1855, 11. p. 19 [first species Lhnax gagates,
Drap.].

Milax Gray, Cat. Pulm. Brit. Mus. 1855, p. 174 [has the same type; there are,
also, older names supposed to be identical, but founded on erroneous characters or
improperly described].

While dealing with slugs it may be convenient to note that Semper has recorded a
species stated to be very near Limax tene/lus Nilsson ; further Dr Cooper is said to
have seen a species of Jmiella from these islands, but I have been unable to trace his
note from the reference given (see CoUinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 50).

(i) Amalia babo7'i Collinge.
Amalia babori ZoWmgt, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 294.
Hab. Maui, at 5000 ft., Haleakala.— Hawaii, 2000 to 4000 ft., Olaa to Kilauea
(Perkins).

276 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Amalia gagates Draparnaud.

Limax gagates Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. France, 1801, p. 100 ; Hist. Moll. France,

1805, p. 122, pi. IX. figs. I, 2.
Amalia gagates Drap., Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 49.
Hab. Maui (Perkins).

Agriolimax Morch.

Agriolimax Morch, J. Conchyl. xiii. (1865), p. 378.

As to the correct name for this genus, see Cockerell and Collinge, Conchologist,
II. pp. 199, 200.

(i) Agriolhnax bevenoti Collinge.

Agriolimax bevenoti Co\\\ng&, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Nov. 1897), p. 295.
Hab. Kauai, at 4000 ft. — Oahu, 2000 ft., Honolulu. — Maui, 5000 ft., Haleakala
(Perkins).

(2) Agriolimax globosus Collinge.

Agriolimax globosus Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (April 1896), p. 47.
Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa (Perkins).

(3) Agriolimax laevis Muller.

Limax laevis Muller, Hist. Vermium, 11. (1774), p. i.

Agriolimax laevis Muller, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 295.

Hab. Kauai, at 2000 ft., Lihue. — Maui, 5000 ft., Haleakala (Perkins).

(4) Agriolimax perkinsi Collinge.

Agriolimax perkinsi Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (April 1896), p. 47.
Hab. Lanai, at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

(5) Agriolimax i^') sandivichiensis Souleyet.

Lim/ix sandwichiensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1852), p. 497, pi. xxviii.

figs. 8 — 1 1 [animal and shell].
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (?).

It seems uncertain whether this be really Hawaiian, or even accurately repre-
sented ; see Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 46.

MOLLUSCA 277

Fam. ZONITIDAE.

GoDwiNiA, n. gen.

This new genus is proposed for the Vitrina capcrata of Gould, which has, of
recent years, usually been placed in Helicarion ; it will be seen from the valuable
anatomical notes of Lt.-Col. Godwin-Austen that there are differences which separate
the species from that genus. Probably the Vitrina tenella of Gould also belongs here.
The types oi Helicarion Ferussac (Tabl. Moll. 182 1, pp. xxxi, 24) appear to have been
the Australian iorms freycineii and cuvieri.

(i) Godivinia caperata Gould.

Vitrina caperata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 181 ; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. 1856, pi. I. fig. 9.
Helix newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1S54 (Jan. 1855), p. 51 ; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Helix, pi. clxxxix. fig. 132 1.

Plate XII. figs. 6— 12.

Hab. Kauai (Gould, Perkins). — Oahu (Pfeiffer).

Very possibly the habitat of ' Oahu ' is a mistake.

" The animal is dark, with a rather broad pale pallial margin ; foot with a well
defined central area beneath ; the specimen was so much contracted that the mucous
gland could not be decisively made out ; from analogy, however, one should be present.
There are no shell-lobes, the mantle-edge is curved and well defined. The right dorsal
lobe is small, and the left lobe is long, narrow, and continuous.

" The visceral sac has three coils. The buccal mass has a strong, broad, muscle on
the lower posterior side ; the oesophagus is short, leading into a very capacious stomach ;
the salivary gland is in one compact, rounded mass. Jaw solid, dark sienna in colour,
with a very straight cutting edge ; odontophore long and narrow, with a few large
median teeth ; at first sight these centrals appear to be simple and straight-sided in form,
and they are very nearly so, but closer examination shows that the centre and adjoining
teeth have very small notches on the outer side ; these are not cusps. The laterals are
all curved and aculeate. The dental formula is :

18— 5— I— 5-18

23—1—23

Unfortunately the generative organs were not seen by me, all this portion being lost
during dissection, as will sometimes occur in these small species.

2 78 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

"It will be seen from the above characters that this species cannot be placed in the
Helicarionidae — the absence of shell-lobes forbids this. Aculeate laterals are hardly
ever met with even in the genera of Zonitidae possessing shell-lobes ; I can only recall
one species, Macrochlamys castaneolabiata. The solid jaw, divided foot, and, in all
probability, the presence of a mucous gland place it in the Zonitidae. In so many
points is it distinct from any of the Indian and Malayan forms that I am acquainted
with that I the more regret that the generative organs have still to be made out "
(H. H. Godwin-Austen).

(2) Godwinia (.'') tenella Gould.

Vitrina tenella Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1847, p. 18 1 ; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. 1856, pi. I. fig. 10.

Hab. Kauai (Gould). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 — 9000 ft. (Perkins).

The specimens found by Mr Perkins appear to be identical with Gould's species,
which, so far as I can trace, has not been rediscovered on Kauai. In fresh specimens
the lip is margined with black.

ViTREA Fitzinger.

Vitrea Fitz., Beitr. Landeskund. Oesterr. iii. p. 99.

Fitzinger's type, as I understand him, was diaphana Studer.

Until the anatomy of these Hawaiian species is known, I can suggest no better
reference than to the present genus.

( I ) Vitrea lanaiensis Sykes.

Vitrea (?) lanaiensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 298.

Plate XI. figs. 43, 44.

Hab. Lanai, mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

(2) Vitrea molokaiensis Sykes.

Vitrea (?) molokaiensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 298.

Plate XI. figs. 45, 46.

Hab. Molokai, forest above Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 279

(3) Vitrea pauxilliis Gould.

Helix pnsillus Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1846, p. 171 \jion H. pusilla, Lowe,

1831].
Helix paiixillus Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. p. 40, pi. in. fig. 46.
Hyalinia baldicini Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. 1889, p. 192 ; Sykes, P.

Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiii. figs, i — 3.

Hab. Maui (Gould) ; West part of Maui (Ancey) ; Haleakala, 5000 feet (Perkins).
See, for a note on the synonymy, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 298.

PsEUDOHVALiNA Morse.
The original type was, I gather, Helix exigua Stimpson.

(i) Psettdohyalina kauaiensis Pfeiffer.

Helix kaivaiensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [1855], p. 52; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Helix, sp. 1256.
Hab. Kauai (Pfeiffer). — Maui and Oahu (Baldwin).

I follow M. Ancey in the generic reference, as I do not know how, at present, the
nomenclature may be bettered.

MiCROCYSTiNA Morch.
Type Nanina rinkii, Morch.

(i) Microcystina (?) ciyptoportica Gould.

Helix cryptoportica Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 20; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll., pi. V. fig. 72.
Hab. Oahu (Pease, Baldwin).
I place this here as the description states "columella valde intorta."

Microcystis Beck.
For a discussion as to the type, see P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pp. 130—2.

F. H. II. 37

28o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Microcystis cJiainissoi Pfeiffer.

Helix chamissoi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 91 ; Bland and Binney,
Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 338, pi. xv. fig. 3 {jaw and radula ; copied
in Ann. New York Ac. in. pi. xvii. fig. O).
Hab. Kauai, Waioli and Haena (Baldwin) ; Makawele and Mountains above
Waimea (Perkins).

Bland and Binney give " W. Maui " on the authority of Newcomb, but this
seems very dubious ; Mons. Ancey gives Oahu, but I think this must be an error. The
figures in the Maimal of Conchology (Vol. 11. pi. xxxviii. figs. 74 — 6) are not good.

Philonesia, gen. nov.

Recently', I discussed the genus Microcystis Beck, and expressed the opinion that
these small Zonitoid forms so characteristic of the Hawaiian Islands, and scattered over
the Islands of the Central Pacific, could not be placed in that genus. I, further,
referred them to Macrochlamys, stating that " whether our small forms are in accord
with the typical group of this genus anatomically, remains to be proved ; but, concho-
logically, they only appear to differ in size."

Specimens of a form which I refer to the unfigured Microcystis baldivini Ancey,
and which were collected by Mr Perkins, contained the animal, and Lt.-Col. Godwin-
Austen has most kindly made an examination of it. His full report will be found on
p. 281, but I may here summarize it by saying that this species does not belong to
Macrochlamys at all, and the query I suggested has been answered. He points out its
affinity to Sitala and Kaliclla and here it is interesting to note that Mr Perkins found
a species in the Hawaiian Islands that I have referred to the latter genus.

Under these circumstances, and as the shells are distinct by the conchological
characters of the columella from both Microcystina and Lajuprocystis — anatomically,
also, from the former — I have ventured to create a new genus and propose to take
Microcystis baldivini Ancey, as the type. Probably the bulk of the Hawaiian Zonitoid
forms belong to this group.

(i) Philonesia abeillei Ancey.

Microcystis abeillei Kncoy, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 199.
Hab. Molokai (Ancey) ; Mapulehu (Baldwin) ; wet forest above Pelekunu
(Perkins). — Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins). — Lanai (Perkins).

All the specimens are young, but I cannot sever them from this species.

' P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 130.

MOLLUSC A 281

(2) Philonesia baldivini Ancey.

Microcystis baldwini Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 204.
Plate XII. figs. 1—5.

Hab. Oahu and west part of Maui (Ancey); Head of Panoa Valley, Nuuanu, and
Honolulu Mts. (Perkins).

"The animal is brown ; spotted and splashed with pure white (Plate XII. fig. i a)
on the inteofument which covers the branchial chamber and visceral sac, these markines
shew clearly through the transparent shell and give it a very pretty, mottled ap-
pearance. The extremity of the foot is truncated ; with a mucous gland. In the
specimen examined the foot (Plate XII. fig. 2) is very much contracted, but there is
every indication that a small lobe overhangs the mucous gland. The foot, which is
regularly segmented, has a central area (Plate XII. fig. 2«); the pallial margin appears
unusually broad, but this is deceptive and due to the extreme lateral contraction under-
gone ; the two grooves above are similarly widened. The mantle edge has a well-
developed, tongue-like, right shell lobe near the respiratory orifice, with an indistinct,
narrow, left shell lobe. The right dorsal lobe is black and well developed, the left
paler and moderately broad. Tentacles black.

" Plainly seen through the shell were four embryonic shells, lying one behind the
other in the uterus, in various stages of development. The enveloping integument is
transparent and so thin that the small shells, being comparatively heavy bodies, very
readily break away, and the spermatophore adjacent was not made out.

"The odontophore has a formula of

30 : 9 : I : 9 : 30
39 : I : 39-

" The basal plates of the central teeth are quadrate in outline. The central tooth is
tricuspid, the side cusps basal, blunt ; the central point with convex sides. The
median teeth have a blunt cusp only on the outer basal side, the ninth tooth is a
narrower basal plate and is intermediate in form, the next eighteen being curved and
bicuspid ; the most interesting character is seen at this part of the row, for all the
succeeding and outermost teeth are tricuspid, occasionally with even four points. The
radula is remarkable for the similarity of the outermost teeth to those of Kaiiella
barrakpurensis" \ those of Sitala attegia and 5. infula" should also be compared, in
which latter the pectiniform teeth are seen on the whole length of the row. The
present shell shows an approach to Kaiiella in a few of the outermost laterals, but it

1 Land and F. W. Moll. India, i. pp. 19, 20, pi. v. fig. ii.
- Tom. cit. pi. vni. figs, i ^ & 2 e, after Stoliczka.

37—2

2 82 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

must be noted that the median teeth have a single outer cusp, while Kaliella has both
outer and inner cusps ; this latter characteristic is, however, not present in Sitala.
Kaliella has few teeth in the row, Sitala many; 33 : i : 33- i53 : i ^ 153- respectively.
A more important link with the genus Sitala is displayed by the presence of right and
left shell lobes, which Kaliella does not possess ; the close parallel lines of contraction
across the right shell lobe shew that it has considerable extension in life. Stoliczka
also mentions in Sitala infula the swollen uterus and the advanced state of development
of the ova ; pointing to similar embryonic stages in these molluscs. Yet another
character is in common, namely, the absence of any amatorial organ. The male organ
of the present species is also slightly different ; I am unable, having only one specimen
to dissect, to examine this in section.

"The jaw is very thin and delicate, and so colourless that its detection and ex-
traction are very difficult. It has a well defined central projection on the cutting edge.

" The generative organs (Plate XII. figs. 3, 3«) cannot be described so fully as one
would wish, owing to the expanded state of the uterus. The hermaphrodite duct and
albumen gland were perfect : and the male portion thence complete. The prostate — as
it is called by Semper, shewn in his figure of Microcystis myops as a loose fringe-like set
of convolutions — appears in this species as a closely packed and thickened mass of
oblong form, flattened on one side, where the oviduct would be lying attached if perfect.
The vas deferens is given off at the anterior end. The penis is a thickened muscular
tube, broad and bulbous below, tapering upwards to where the very short thickened
retractor muscle is given off: the vas deferens at this point has three sharp con-
volutions ; seen with transmitted light a short, sharp, ' kink ' occurs in the bulbous
portion near the generative aperture.

" The sculpture of the shell, magnified about thirty times, presents a very fine,
regular, slighdy wavy, longitudinally striated surface ; this striation is strongest near
the suture, becoming finer outwards. There are about 1 1 striae to -003 inch. The
most advanced embryonic shell consists of 2\ whorls, the sculpture is well shewn on it.

" The point now to be solved is whether we are to retain this species in Microcystis.
Mr Sykes regards' M. ornatella as the type of the genus ; this was also the opinion of
H. Nevill. Further Mr Sykes goes on to say ' Now these small Zonitoids \i.e. those
of the Hawaiian Islands] hardly fit into the same genus as this species and therefore
some other generic title is required for them.' The anatomy now described, shews, for
many reasons, that the shell cannot be placed in Macrochlamys as Mr Sykes, guided by
the shell characters, proposed. In my opinion it is undoubtedly close to Kaliella,
still closer to Sitala, and yet there are sufficient differences in the generative organs to
separate this Hawaiian form from both. If we take the shell alone into account, the
sculpture presents one character, viz. fine, close longitudinal striation, not found in the
Indian species of Sitala, in which the general surface is smooth, with spiral liration.

' P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. i8g6, p. 131.

MOLLUSC A 283

The sculpture of Kaliella is finer and transverse to the whorl, so differs still more.
It therefore may become necessary, if this shell be generally distinct from M. ornatella,
to create a new genus.

"When we consider the immense area on the Equatorial belt over which Kaliella,
Sitala, and this allied form are distributed, it appears that they fall naturally into a
subfamily of their own which may be called the Sitalinae, Godwin-Austen, noni. nov. ;
one that is sufficiently distinct from the Durgellinae on the one hand, with which they
are associated over a large portion of their range, and from the Macrochlaminae on the
other, where the area of association is more restricted and the differences in the animal
much greater." (H. H. Godwin-Austen.)

(3) Philonesia cicercida Gould.

Helix cicernila Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 171 ; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pi. V. fig. -]--,.

Hab. Hawaii (Gould) ; Kohala (Perkins).

var. boettgeriana Ancey.

Microcystis cicercula var. boettgeriana Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 206.
Hab. Hawaii, Kona (Ancey).

(4) Philonesia exaequata Gould.

Helix exaequata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1S46), p. 171 ; U.S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. V. fig. 61.
Helix discnins Pfeiff'er, Zeitschr. flir Malak. vii. 1851, p. 68 \_non Deshayes].
Helix obtusangula Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 153.
Nanina discus Pfeiffer, Tryon, Man. Conch. Ser. 11. Vol. 11. p. i 14.

Hab. Kauai (Gould, Perkins).

(5) Philonesia hartmanni Ancey.

Microcystis hartmanni Anc&y, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 198.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey) ; Kalaikoa (Baldwin).

284 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Philonesia indefinita Ancey.

Microcystis indefinita Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 203.
Hab. Maui, east part (Ancey) ; Makawao (Baldwin).

(7) Philonesia lynnanniana Ancey.

Microcystis lymanniana Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 329.
Hab. Oahu, Waialae (Ancey).

(8) Philonesia oahuensis Ancey.

Microcystis oahuensis Kncey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 202.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey) ; Halemano (Perkins).

I refer, with some doubt, a single specimen found by Mr Perkins, to this unfigured
species.

var. depressinsciila Ancey.

M. oahuensis var. depressiusciila Ancey, /. c. p. 203.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey).

(9) Philonesia perhtcens Ancey.

Microcystis perlucens Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 207.
Hab. Maui, east part (Ancey).

(10) Philonesia perkinsi Sykes.

Macrochlamys pe7'kinsi Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 126.

Plate XI. figs. 41, 42.

Hab. Lanai. — (?) Oahu, a single specimen (Perkins).

(11) Philonesia platy la Ancey.

Mic7'ocystis platyla Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 196; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiii. figs. 13 — 15.

Hab. Oahu (Ancey) ; Waianae Mts. (Baldwin, Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 285

(12) Philonesia plicosa Ancey.

Microcystis plicosa Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 200.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey) ; Palolo (Baldwin).

(13) Philonesia sericans Ancey.

Microcystis sericans Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 268.
Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(14) Philonesia subrutila Mighels.

Helix subrutila Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- i9-

Hab. Oahu (Mighels, &c.). — Mr Baldwin gives Kauai, but I doubt this ; the
species is unknown to me.

(15) Philonesia S7ibtilissima Gould.

Helix subtilissima Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 177 ; U.S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. V. fig. 62.
Unknown to me ; from the figure I am not certain of its generic position.
Hab. Maui (Gould).

(16) Philonesia turgida Ancey.

Microcystis turgida Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 339; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiii. figs. 5 — 7.

Hab. Maui (Ancey) ; Makawao (Baldwin) ; Mts. at 4000 ft. (Perkins). — A speci-
men found on Lanai by Mr Perkins, may belong to a variety.

Obs. The Helix niisella of Fdrussac has been recorded with a query from the
islands, but does not really belong to their fauna.

Kaliella Blanford.
Type the group of Helix barrakporensis Pfr.

286 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Kaliella konaensis Sykes.

Kaliella konaensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, ii. p. 299.

Plate Xl/ fig. ■x,i.

A remarkable little shell which seems to fall between Kaliella and Trochoconulus.

Hab. Hawaii, Mt. Kona, at 3000 ft. (Perkins).

Fam. PHILOMYCIDAE.

Tebennophorus Binney.

Tcbcnnophorns Binn., J. Boston Soc. iv. 1844, p. 171 (Type Lijuax carolinensis,
Bosc).

(i) Tebennophorus bilineatus Benson.

Incilaria bilineata Benson, Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. 1842, p. 486.

Philomycus bilineattis Benson, Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Mollusca, p. 16,

pi. V. fig. I.
Tebennophorus australis Bergh ?, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 50.
Tebennophorus striahis Hasselt, Collinge, /. c. p. 295.

Hab. Oahu, Mount Tantalus, Honolulu at 2000 ft. — Kauai, Lihue at 2000 ft. —
Hawaii, Olaa at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

See Collinge, J. Malac. vii. 1900, p. 80.

(2) Tebennophorus stjHatus Hasselt.

Meghimatium striatum Hasselt, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. in. 1824, p. 82.
Tebennophorus striatus Hasselt, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 50.

Hab. Oahu, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

Fam. ENDODONTIDAE.

Endodonta Albers.

Ejidodonta Alb., Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 89 (first species Helix lainellosa, Fer.) ;
Op. cit. Ed. 2, 1S60, p. 90 (" typus Helix lamellosa, Fer.").

MOLLUSC A 287

(i) Endodonta apiculata Ancey,

Eiidodoiita apiculata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 189.
Hab. Kauai, Dr Newcomb (Ancey).

(2) Eiidodoiihi lainellosa Ferussac.

Helix laviellosa Ferussac, Hist. Moll. i. p. 369, pi. li. a, fig. 3 ; Quoy and
Gaimard, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 469, Pfeifter, Conchylien-Cabinet, Helix,
p. 197, pi. c. figs. 6 — 8.

Helix fricki Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 21, pi. xl. fig. 3.

According to Mdrch (J. Conchyl. xiii. p. 395) this species "depose ses oeufs
dans rombilic."

The teeth or lamellae seem to be variable ; some specimens shew traces of a second
tooth in the upper portion of the outer lip, thus having nine teeth in all. Considerable
variation is also shewn in the relative proportions of height and breadth, and in the
width of the umbilicus.

Hab. Oahu (Pease, Ancey) ; Waianae Mts. and Konahuanui (Baldwin) ; Mt.
Kaala. — Lanai Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(3) Endodonta laiiiinata Pease.

Helix laminata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1806), p. 292.

According to the diagnosis this differs from the last by being spirally sculptured
as well as transversely ribbed, thereby becoming decussated. The teeth appear to
be identical in number and position and I believe it will, eventually, only prove to be a
local race.

Tryon (Man. Conch. Ser. 2, in. p. 70) considered it to be a form of E. cavemula,
Hombr. and Jacq., stating " I have before me two trays of shells named Helix
laminata Pease, from the 'Sandwich Is.,' one of them from the describer, which
undoubtedly represent the same species." Since the two forms differ, from the
diagnoses, so widely in the armature, there must, 1 think, be some error.

Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kahiliwi to Haena (Baldwin).

F. H. II. ' 38

288 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Sub-genus Thaumatodon Pilsbry.

(4) Endodonta ( Thaumatodoii) coniorta Ferussac.

Helix contorta Ferussac, Hist. Moll. i. p. 10, pi. li. a, fig. 2.
Helix intercarinata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- '8.

Specimens found by Mr Perkins, and which I refer to this species, appear to shew
considerable variation and may be divided as follows :

A. Six specimens, fairly typical in shape and size, but only one is furnished with
five palatal teeth, the others having four.

B. One specimen, darker in colouration, the colour markings being very distinct,
palatal teeth five, these being remarkably incrassated.

C. A long series (from Makaweli), larger, slightly more strongly sculptured and
very variable in colouration, sometimes the dark brown colour predominating, at others
a greenish yellow. All appear to have four palatal teeth only.

Hab. Oahu (various authors). — Kauai (Perkins).

(5) Endodonta [Thaumatodon) hystricella Pfeiffer.

Helix hystricella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1S59, p. 25.

The original examples of this unfigured species, referred to as in Mus. Cuming,
do not appear to be now in the British Museum. Two specimens found by Mr Perkins
agree well with Pfeiffer's diagnosis and dimensions ; they also accord in the number of
teeth.

Hab. Kauai (Pease). — Oahu, Kaala (Perkins).

(6) Endodonta [Thaumatodon) nuda Ancey.
Endodonta [Thatimatodoti) nuda Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1S99), p. 268,

pi. XII. fig. I.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(7) Endodonta [Thaitmatodon) 7-ingcns Sykes.

Endodonta [Thazimatodon) ringens Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. 11. (1896), p. 126.

Plate XL figs. 39, 40.

In describing this species, I referred to it as having four teeth within the outer
lip; perhaps it would be more correct to say "one basal tooth and three within the

MOLLUSC A 289

outer lip." The ribs appear to be at varying distances apart. The Molokai specimens
appear to belong to a large variety.

Hab. Lanai Mountains, behind Koele. — Molokai in wet forest above Pelekunu
(Perkins).

(8) Endodonta ( Thaumatodon) rugata Pease.

Helix riigata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 291.
Hab. Maui (Pease).

Sub-genus Nesophila Pilsbry.

The following table may assist in separating the species of Nesophila.

A. Parietal lamella; absent. — E. capillata Pease.

B. Parietal lamella single. — E. decussatula Pease ; E. elisae Ancey ; E. jugosa
Mighels ; E. lanaiensis Sykes ; E. stellula Gould. .

C. Parietal lamellae two. — E. binai'ia Pfeiffer ; E. liyshdx (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer ;
E. patuicostata Pease.

D. Parietal lamellae several. — E. baldwini Ancey ; E. distans Pease ; E. tiara
Mighels.

(9) Endodonta {^Nesophila) baldwini Ancey.

Charopa baldwini Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 176.
Mons. Ancey also records a white variety.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Ancey).

(10) Endodonta {Nesophila) binaria Pfeiffer.

Helix binaria Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. n-

I am unable to trace the type of this species, which should have passed with
Cuming's collection into the British Museum.
Hab. Kauai (Pease).

(11) Endodonta {Nesophila) capillata Pease.

Helix capillata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 292.

Hab. Kauai (Pease).

38—2

290 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(12) Endodoiita {^Nesophila) decussatit/a Pease.

Helix deciissatjila Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (t866), p. 291.
Hab. Molokai (Pease) ; Mountains at 4000 ft. (Perkins).

Mr Baldwin gives " Kauai" as the habitat, but, since he marks it as a species he
has not seen, I think there is probably some error.

(13) Endodonta [Nesophila) distans Pease.

Helix distans Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 290.
Hab. Kauai (Pease).

(14) Endodonta [Nesophila) elisae Ancey.

Pitys elisae Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 180.

Unknown to me.

Hab. } Hawaiian Islands (Ancey).

(15) Endodonta {Nesophila) hystrix (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Helix hystrix Pfeiffer, Symb. Hist. Hel. in. p. 67 ; Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. IV. fig. 52*.
Helix setigera Gould, P. Boston Soc. i. p. 174 [nee Sowerby].

It is, of course, not the Helix hystrix of Cox, an Australian species.

Hab. Oahu (authors) ; Mount Kaala, Oahu (Perkins).

(16) Endodonta [Nesophila) j'ugosa Mighels.

Helix jugosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19.

Helix rubiginosa Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 173; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pi. IV. p. 49.

The two forms were first united by Pease ^ who stated that the synonymy was
accepted by Gould ; recently Mons. Ancey^ has revived E. rubiginosa as a species,
referring to it some shells from Oahu. In this state of conflict 1 have followed Pease,
considering that he and Gould were in the best position to form an opinion.

Hab. Kauai, Waioli to Kapaa (Baldwin) ; Kauai (Perkins, etc.).

' J. Conchyl. xix. (1870), p. 95.

■ Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 179.

MOLLUSC A 291

(17) Endodonta {^Nesophild) lanaiensis Sykes.

Endodonta [Nesopki/a) lanaiensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1S96), p. 127.

Plate XI. figs. Z7^ 38.

Specimens from Kauai which I refer to this species are strongly hispid in the
young state, but with age the hairs appear to be rubbed off ; none of those from Lanai
are very young, and only traces of hairs can be seen. The species appears to be near
E. decussahila, but it almost lacks decussation and is darker in colour ; the interstices ot
the ribs are closely, finely, striate. Save for the presence of a parietal lamella, the
Kauai specimens approach Pease's diagnosis of E. capillata.

Hab. Lanai Mountains, behind Koele. — Kauai, Makaweli, on Dracaena and
Clieirodendron (Perkins).

(iS) Endodonta (Nesop/ii/a) paucicostata Pease.

Helix paiicicostata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 395.
Helix filocostata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 454.

Hab. Kauai (Pease).

(19) Endodonta {Nesophila) stcllula Gould.

Helix stellnla Gould, P. Boston Soc. i. (1844), p. 174; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll pi. IV. fig. 52t.
Hab. Maui (Gould).

(20) Endodonta {Nesophila) tiara Mighels.

Helix tiara Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19; Kuster, Conch.-Cab. Helix,

pi. cxxv. figs. 9 — II.
According to Mons. Ancey^ this species possesses several parietal lamella ; if so,
the character has been omitted from the various diagnoses.
Hab. Kauai (various authors).

(21) Endodonta {Nesophila), sp.

Two interesting little specimens with a depressed spire were found on Molokai by
Mr Perkins, the exact habitat being " Forest above Pelekunu "; they have 4— 4i whorls,
with two parietal lamellae and no teeth within the other lip, but appear not to be adult.

Hab. Molokai.

' Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 175.

292 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Pterodiscus Pilsbry.
Type, P. ivesleyi Sykes.

(i) Pterodiscus digonophorus Ancey.

Patida digonophora Ancey, Bull. Soc. Make. France, vi. (1889), p. 171 ; Sykes,

P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiii. figs. 9 — 11.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey); Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).

(2) Pterodiscus petasus Ancey.

Pterodiscus petasus Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 268, pi. xii.

fig- 4-
Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Ancey).

(3) Pterodiscus wesleyi Sykes.

Endodonta [Pterodiscus) weskyi Syk^s,, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1896), p. 127.
Endodonta [Pterodiscus) alata Pfeiffer, Pilsbry, Man. Conch. (2) ix. p. 36, pi. iv.
fig. 44 [nee Helix alata, Pfeiffer].

Hab. Hawaiian Islands.

The following two species, placed in this group by Mr Pilsbry', with the habitat of
Hawaiian Islands, are unknown to me. They were originally described from " Islands
of the Central Pacific " by Pease : the first has been recorded from Tahiti, but never
again found there, and Mons. Ancey has suggested a Hawaiian origin ; the second has
been localized as from (.-*) Lanai. They are Helix prostrata and H. depressifortnis
(P. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 670).

Fam. HELICIDAE.

Papuina von Martens.

Papuina Mart., Die Heliceen, Ed. 2, i860, p. 166 (type Helix littms. Lesson).

(i) Pap2tina barnaclei Smith.

Helix [Merope?) barnaclei Smith, Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 242.

I am informed that careful search has been made, in the neighbourhood indicated,
but that no trace of the species can be found. At present, bearing in mind on the one

' Man. Conch. (2) ix. p. 36.

MOLLUSCA 293

hand the improbability of a species of Papuina occurring in Hawaii, and on the other
the positive statement of the original collector, I can but include it, with this note of
warning.

Hab, Hawaii, eight miles from Kailua (Smith).

EuLOTA Hartmann.

Eulota Hart., Erd- und Susswasser Gasteropoden, p. 179 (type Hciix Jriitiaun,
Mull.). The date usually given is 1842, but the title-page of the copy in the British
Museum bears that of 1840.

(i) Eulota similaris Fdrussac.

Helix similaris Ferussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 47 {iiom. sol); Hist. Moll. i. p. 171,
pi. XXV. B, figs. I 4, XXVII. A, figs. I — 5.

A widely scattered species ; presumably not indigenous.

Hab. Kauai (Pilsbry). — Oahu, Tantalus (Perkins).

The following have been described under the term Helix and recorded from the
Islands.

Helix fornicata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 172.

Supposed to come from Kauai. Tryon notes': "In the corrigenda to the Mollusca
of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, Dr Gould states that the only specimen was lost,
and H. tongana Quoy, figured by the artist for this species."

Helix sandwichensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1849, p. 128.
Appears to be the young of a South American Systrophia.
Helix exserta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 32.
Only a fragment of the type remains ; it has never been figured.

Fam. PUPIDAE.

Pupa Draparnaud (1801).

Pupa Drap., Tabl. Moll. France, pp. 32, 56 (first species Turbo luuscoruin L.) ;

1805, Hist. Moll. France, p. 59.
There appears to be a Pupa of Lamarck of even date (Syst. anim. sans Vert,
p. 88) with Turbo uva as type ; also, through the kindness of Mr Sherborn, I have

' Man. Conch. (2), 111. p. 27.

294 FAUNA HAUAIIENSIS

examined the Museum Bolteniamnn, Ed. i. 1798, and Bolten proposed Pupa (p. no)
for Vohita flaiuinea and V. solidula. The first species belongs to Actacon (iSio) and
the second is the type of Solidula (1807). If, therefore, Bolten's names are to be
used, Pupa Drap. cannot stand unless it prove to be the same as Pupa Humphrey,
1797 (Mus. Calonnianum).

An excellent study of the Pupidae of Oceania has been written by Dr Boettger ;
the attention of subsequent authors does not appear to have been sufficiently directed
to this paper.

( r ) Pupa acantliinula Ancey.

Pupa acantliinula Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 709.
Hab. Oahu. Makiki (Ancey).

(2) Pupa ad)nodcsta Mighels.

Pupa admodesta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19; Boettger, Conch.
Mittheil. i. p. 58, pi. xii. fig. 15.

Hab. Oahu (Mighels).

(3) Pupa bacca Pease.

Pupa bacca Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1S71, p. 462.
Hab. Hawaii, Kalapana (Pease).

(4) Pupa cost at a Pease.

Pupa costata Pea.se, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462.
Hab. Hawaii (Pease).

(5) Pupa lyonsiana Ancey.

Pupa lyonsiana Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 713.
Hab. Oahu, Punahou (Ancey).

(6) Pupa lyrata Gould.

Pupa lyrata Gould, P. Boston Soc. i. (1S43), p. 139; Boettger, Conch. Mittheil.

I. p. 61, pi. XII. fig. 17.
Pupa striatula Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 461.
Pupa magdalenae Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 716.

MOLLUSCA 295

I follow Dr Boettger in placing P. striahda with P. lyrata, and have added
P. magdalenae, since the character of two parietal teeth, on which Mons. Ancey lays
special stress, is found in some undoubted specimens of P. lyrata.

Hab. Hawaii (Pease). — Oahu (Baldwin); Palaina (Ancey).

(7) Pupa luirabilis Ancey.

Pupa mirabilis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 339.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey).

(8) Pupa newcombi Pfeiffer.

Pzipa newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 [1854], p. 69 ; Kuster, Conch.-

Cab. Pupa, pi. xx. figs. 23, 24.
Pupa costulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462.

Hab. Hawaii (Pease, Baldwin). — Oahu and Kauai (Baldwin) [sed quaere, E.R.S.].

var. seniimilum Boettger.

Pupa iieiocoinbi var. seniinu/uni Boettger, Conch. Mittheil. i. p. 5S, pi. xii.
fig. 14.

Hab. Probably Hawaii (Boettger).

(9) Pupa pedicuius Shuttl. var. nacca Gould.

Vertigo nacca Gould, P. Boston Soc. viii. (1862), p. 280.

Dr Boettger has pointed out that this is only a form of P. pedicuius, Shuttleworth
(Bern. Mittheil. 1852, p. 296), and barely of varietal rank. The typical form appears
not to be found in the Hawaiian Islands.

Hab. Hawaii (Gould).

(10) Pupa perlonga Pease.

Pupa perlonga Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1S71, p. 462 ; Boettger, Conch.
Mittheil. i. p. 60, pi. xii. fig. 16.

Only two specimens, which I refer here with some hesitation, since the teeth are
rather obscure.

Hab. Oahu (Pease). — ^Kauai, Makaweli (Perkins).
F. H. II. 39

296 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. ACHATINELLIDAE.

The various species of this family form probably one of the most puzzling groups
of land-shells known : numerous ' species ' have been described, founded almost entirely
on shell colouration or banding, and this, bearing in mind such protean forms as Tachea
nemoralis or Polytnita picia, is a course which often leads to endless trouble. At present,
such genera as Achatinella s. s. and Achatinellastriim are in utter confusion, and any
attempt at a list of species simply reflects the general view of the writer and cannot be
regarded as authoritative.

Of recent years some species have been described, based on shell-colouration com-
bined with that of the mantle, but it should be remembered that some malacological
characteristics are frequently as liable to variation as are conchological ones. The
severance of species by consideration of habitat is, again, not a necessarily certain
guide, since one species of mollusc may range widely, while at different points of its
range, local variations may occur.

The history of the Achatinellidae in literature commences with Dixon's description
of Turbo apexftdva ; subsequently stray species were described by various authors, but
no serious attempts were made at their study until about 1850-60, when Newcomb and
Pfeiffer added greatly to our knowledge. To Mr Gulick, in 1858, we owe large addi-
tions to the catalogue — so far as names go — but his views of species were somewhat
too narrow, and he described many trifling variations as species, mainly on the ground
of geographical range. Later, Pease did useful work and gave a catalogue of the family.
Dr Hartman, in 1888, listed the known forms in a similar way. Of recent years Mr
Baldwin has done the chief work on the group, and his very valuable catalogue has been
of great assistance.

Numerous genera and sections have been described, almost all on purely concho-
logical grounds, and so variable are the forms that linking species are easily found.
Still they prove useful in the arrangement of species and therefore have been admitted
in this work.

A list of them arranged in chronological order may be of use.
1828. Achatinella Swainson, O. J. Sci. Lit. and Arts, p. 81.

1847
1854
1854
1854
1854
1854
1854

Leptachatina Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 201.
Partulina Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i. p. 114.
Newcoftibia Pfeiffer, /. c. p. 1 1 7.
Bulimella Pfeiffer, /. c. p. 11 9.
Laniinella Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 126.
Ackalinellastriiin Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 133.
Labiclla Pfeiffer, /. c. p. 142.

MOLL use A

297

1855
1855
1855
1855
i860,
1870,
1870,

1875
1899
1899

Carelia H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11. p. 132.

Ainastra H. & A. Adams, /. c. p. 137.

Auriculella Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 11. p. 3.

Frickella Pfeiffer, /. c. p. 3.

Apex Martens, Die Heliceen, p. 248.

Ebiirnella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 647.

Perdicella Pease, /. c. p. 649.

Carijiella Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch, iv. p. 116.

Thaanumia Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. p. 269.

Baldwinia Ancey, /. c. p. 270.

Mr Pilsbry's remark, that the use of Ferussac's term Helicteres " would open the
door to an endless series of vagaries in nomenclature," appears to me to be thoroughly
justified ; for the converse view see Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 3. The
Achatinella of Schliiter (1838) appears to be a mixture of Ferussacia and allied groups.

Our knowledge of the anatomy is due primarily to Bland and Binney, who pointed
out that the Achatinellidae may be divided into two main groups based on the cha-
racters of the radula and jaw ; also that Carelia, while it agrees in the radula with the
Leptachatina and Amastra group, differs in the characters of the jaw. Heynemann has
also written on the subject, and recently notes have been published by Messrs Gwatkin,
Pilsbry and Suter. Mr Pilsbry has recently^ stated with reference to Pariula and
Achatinella that " these forms have no relations with the Bulimulidae and Achatinidae,
with which conchologists associate them, but lie at the base of the terrestrial pulmonate
tree."

The classification here adopted is :

Ganw?, Achatinella. Suhgenn. Achatinella s. s. [Syn. Apex.) Bidimella. Partu-
lina. (Syn. Baldzvinia.) Acliatinellastrum. (Syn. Eburnella.)

Genus Perdicella.

Genus N^ewconibia.

Genus Amastra. Subgenn. Amastra s. s. Laminclla. Amastrella, n. subgen.
Kauaia, n. n. \_Carinella, Pfr., nee Sby.J

Genus Leptachatina.

Genus Thaanumia.

Genus Carelia.

Genus Aiiricnlella.

Genus Frickella.

Ann. nat. Hist. iv. (1S99), p. 156.

39—2

298 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

ACHATINELLA S. Str.

Synonym. Apex von Martens.

Well has Dr Hartman remarked, that the species of this group "are involved in
almost inextricable confusion." Our ignorance of the animal in most forms, combined
with the fact that authors have described frequently from single specimens, or from
series of two or three, entirely at present prevents one ascertaining the true specific
limits.

In the one or two instances where I have attempted 'lumping,' the results are due
to a long series of specimens in which I have been unable to arrive at a definite break
between the one 'species' and the other.

The conclusions I have drawn are founded on Newcomb's and Pfeiffer's type
specimens ; specimens compared with Gulick's types ; further a few of the types de-
scribed by Mr Smith ; and, finally, the specimens collected by Mr Perkins and a collec-
tion formed by Mr Hutchison.

All the species of this group are confined to the Island of Oahu.

(i) Achatinella albospira Smith.

Apex albospira Smith, P. Zool. Soc, London, 1873, p. "]"], pi. x. fig. 8.

Unknown to me; it has been united by Dr Hartman with A. turgicia Newc.
[ = A. cestus Newc.].

Hab. Oahu, Ewa.

(2) Achatinella apexfoilva Dixon.

Turbo apex fulva Dixon, Voyage round the world, 1789, p. 344, figd. on an un-
numbered plate.

Turbo lugubris Chemnitz, Conch. -Cab. xi. 1795, p. 278, pi. ccix. figs. 2059,
2060.

Cocldogena [Helicteres) lugubris Chemnitz, Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 60, no. 431.

Monodonta seminigra Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. vii. (1822), p. -i,-].

Achatinella pica Swainson, Zool. Ill, Moll, sen 11. pi. xcix. fig. i.

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa (Baldwin).

Dixon was thoroughly binomial, as a reference to his work will show : his figures
are good, and the only point that can be made against the utilization of his name is that
it appeared in three words. This, probably, was a printer's error, or a slip, as other
names in the same work are proper, and suitable descriptions are given.

MOLLUSC A 299

(3) Achatinella apicata (Newcomb MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatiiiella apicata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 210.
Hab. Oahu, Halemano (Perkins).

van polynnorpJia, Gulick.

Apex polymorpha Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 81, pi. x. fig. 5.

Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Ahonui (Gulick) ; Kawailoa Gulch, and above
Ewa (Perkins).

van vespertina Baldwin.

Achatinella {Apex) vespertina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 219 [shell and

animal], pi. x. fig. 14.
Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa (Baldwin) ; from a ridge between Waala and Kawailoa
Gulches (Perkins).

var. alba, var. n.

Shell snow-white, save for the peristome being margined with lilac, similar tinting
appearing on the columella plait, and inside the outer lip at its junction with the body-
whorl of the shell.

Hab. Oahu, near head of Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

A fine series of this species. It appears to be distinct from A szuiftii Newc.
\^=A. cestus Newc. var.], to which Newcomb subsequently referred it, and the type of
which I have examined. The shell is larger, different in form, and more polished, the
ground colouring darker, and the banding not so conspicuous in the typical form :
the protoconch is in general brown, and but rarely white. The prevailing tint
is brown, sometimes becoming black with a white area below the suture, rarely
altogether snow-white. A few, from near Kawailoa, are tinted with lilac on an
ashy ground, occasionally having a chestnut sutural line ; these form a passage to
A. vespertina Baldwin, in which the lilac tint has changed to cream-colour. This
latter is the only form in which the animal appears to have been noticed.

(4) Achatinella bicolor (Gulick) Pfeiffen

Achatinella bicolor Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. iv. 1859, p. 529.
Near, apparently, to A. cookei Baldwin.
Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Pfeiffer).

300 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Achatinella cestus Newcomb.

Achatinella cestus Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132, pi. xxii.

fig. 8.
Achaiitiella turgida Newcomb, torn. cit. p. 134, pi. xxii. figs. 10, \oa.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo and Ewa (Newcomb); Ewa and Halemano (Perkins).

var. swiftii Newcomb.

Achatinella swiftii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 133,
pi. XXII. fig. 9 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 325 [animal].

Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) valida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,
pi. XXX. fig. 24.

Apex flavidtts Gulick, op. cit. 1873, p. 80, pi. x. fig. i.

Apex tubei^ans Gulick, torn. cit. p. 81, pi. x. fig. 3.

Apex liliaceus Gulick, toni. cit. p. 79, pi. x. fig. 4.

Apex tu7'biniforniis Gulick, torn. cit. p. 81, pi. x. fig. 7.

Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb) ; as A. Jlavidus, Kalaikoa and Ahonui (Gulick) ;
as A. tuberans, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Wahiawa and Halemano (Gulick) ; as A. turbi-
ni/ormis, Kalaikoa and Lehui (Gulick).

var. forbesiana Pfeiffer.

Bulimella forbesiana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5, pi. xxx. fig. 16.

Apex gtdickii Smith, loc. cit. 1873, p. 78, pi. ix. fig. 19 \jion 17].

Hab. Oahu as A. gulickii, Kalaikoa, Ahonui and Waialei (Smith).

The type form has the bands interrupted ; in the variety szuiftii they are continuous
and almost confluent, recalling a dwarf A. bigubris. From the variety swiftii, given a
fair number of specimens, we may pass by slight variations up to a nearly white shell
with hardly a trace of banding. One specimen is light yellow and almost unmarked
except the latter half of the last whorl, which is strongly banded with dark brown (Plate
XL figs. 6, 7). The general brown colouring is more persistent in the variety than in
the typical form. The variety forbesiana is somewhat more elongate and slightly
differently banded and coloured.

(6) Achatinella cookei Baldwin.

Achatinella (Apex) cookei Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- -20, pi. x. fig. 15
[shell and animal]; Suter, /. c. p. 239 [radula].

Hab. Oahu, Waiau (Baldwin).

MOLL use A 301

(7) Achatiiiella decora Ferussac.

Cochlogena {Helicteres) decora Ferussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 60, no. 430.

Turbo lugubris sinistrorsus Chemnitz, Conch. -Cab. xi. 1 795, p. 307, pi. ccxiii.

figs. 3014, 3015.
Achatinella perversa Swainson, Quart. Journ. Sci. &c. i. 1828, p. 84; Zool. 111.

1833, ser. II. pi. xcix. fig. 2 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. 1858,

p. 309 [animal].
Achatinella concidcns Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York vi. 1858, p. 234, pi. viii.

fig- 54-
Hab. Oahu, Halemano, Waimea.

var. leucopJuiea Guliek.

Apex leucophaeus Guliek, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 82, pi. ix. fig. 16.
Hab. Oahu, Waialei.

var. neglecta Smith.

Apex neglectus Smith, P. Zool. Soe. London, 1873, p. 78, pi. ix. fig. 22.

Apex coniforrnis Guliek, toni. cit. p. 81, pi. ix. fig. 17.

Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Halemano (Smith. Gulick).

var. versicolor Guliek.
Apex versicolor QviXxck, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 80, pi. ix. fig. 18.
Hab. Oahu, Ahonui, Kalaikoa.

var. innotabilis Smith.

Apex innotabilis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 78, pi. ix. fig. 23.
Hab. Oahu.

subspecies vmstelina Mighels.

Achatinella mustelina Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1845, p. 21 ; Reeve. Conch. Icon.

Achatinella, pi. iii. fig. 21; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York. vi. p. 313

[animal].
Hab. Oahu. Waianae, Kaala.

302 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

var. kitcorraphe Gulick.

Apex leucorraphe Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 79, pi. x. fig. 2.
Hab. Oahu, Kalaikoa.

var. cinei'osa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Bulimella) cinerosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, P- 2,
pi. XXX. fig. 5.

Hab. Oahu.

It is with much dififidence that the above 'lumping' has been attempted. While
not very difficult as a general rule to identify single specimens, I have been unable to
divide the long series of specimens which, partly collected by Mr Perkins and partly by
Mr Hutchison, have passed through my hands. Shape, colour, and form, seem to be
as nothing, and one passes by infinitesimal graduations from one so-called species to
another. True it is that the animals are said to differ in colour, but this alone is not, in
my opinion, sufficient for a specific character ; even if it be so, it can, in general, only
avail the field naturalist, and not the Museum student.

The variety neglecta Smith is not really so greenish as represented in the original
figure ; fig. 23 on the same plate gives a better idea of the real colour.

Ferussac appears to have confounded more than one distinct form under his decora ;
the name has therefore been here used for the species he first referred to.

(8) Achatinella doliuni Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Bulimella) doliuin Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5, pi. xxx.

fig- 15-
Hab. Molokai (Baldwin).

I fancy this habitat must be wrong and that the species really belongs to Oahu ;
the shell is very close to A. hanleyana Pf., and may prove to be only a colour variety.

(9) Achatinella hanleyana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Bulimella) hanleyana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 202.

Related to the form of A. lorata described as A. nobilis, and may prove to be an
extreme variety.

Hab. Oahu.

MOLL use A 303

(10) Achatinella lorata Ferussac.

Helix {Cochlogend) lorata Ferussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 60.

Achatina lorata Ferussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. p. 193, pi. clv. figs. 9 — 11.

Achatinella lorata Ferussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, iv. p. 310 [animal];

Semper, Reis. im Philippinen, Landmollusken, pi. xvi. fig. 23 [anatomy].
Achatinella alba Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. in. 1839, p. 58 \jio)nen soliini\.
Achatinella pallida Nuttall, Jay, loc. cit. ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 2.
Achatinella [Btilimella) nobilis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 202.
Achatinella ventrosa Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1855, p. 6, pi. xxx. fig. 20.
Non A. lorata Ferussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella. sp. 6.

A very variable shell, with or without colour bands, and, occasionally, pure white.
Hab. Oahu (various authors) ; Manoa to Halawa (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu, Head
of Panoa Valley, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

(11) Achatinella multilineata Newcomb.

Achatinella 7nultilineata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 138,
pi. XXII. fig. 23.
Achatinella {Bulimella) monacha Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1855, p. 3, pi. xxx. fig. 9.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mountains (Baldwin) ; Koolau poko (Newcomb). Dr
Hartman referred this species, apparently by error, to Maui.

(12) Achatinella napus Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {A chatinellastrum) naptts Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5,

pi. xxx. fig. 19.
Achatinella {Bulimella) concavospira Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1859, p. 30.
Apex leucozonus Gulick, op. cit. 1873, p. 83, pi. x. fig. 6.

Hab. Oahu.

I reo-ret to be unable to agree with Newcomb that A. napus is the same as
A. ptUcherrima Swainson. A. concavospira seems to be only an elongate variety ; the
types of both species are in the British Museum (Natural History).

(13) Achatinella ovum Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) ovum Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 334.

Hab. Oahu.
F. H. II. 40

304 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(14) Achatinella pulchella Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Achaiinellastncm) pulche/la Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,
pi. XXX. fig. 2.

A small species, very variable in colour, with a blunt apex, and somewhat
depressed in form.

Hab. Oahu, mountains behind Ewa (Perkins).

(15) Achatinella sordida Newcomb.

Achatinella sordida Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pi.
XXIII. fig. 27.

Some specimens run very close to A, decora Fer.
Hab. Oahu, Lihue (Newcomb).

(16) Achatinella swainsoni Pfeiffer.

Achatinella i^Bulimella) swainsoni Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 4, pi.
XXX. fig. 13.

Newcomb suggested that this might be only a form of A. sordida; it appears,
however, to be distinct, being broader, brown in general coloration, and having a
brown, in place of a white lip. It is a little doubtful, from its form, if it be correctly
placed in this group, but the sections are very artificial.

Hab. Oahu.

(17) Achatinella vittata Reeve.

Achatinella vittata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, 1S50, sp. 9.

Achatinella simiilans Reeve, loc. cit. sp. 15.

Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) globosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 7,

pi. XXX. fig. 25.
Apex albofasciatiis Smith, op. cit. 1873, p. 78, pi. ix. fig. 21.
Apex timiefactus Gulick, torn. cit. p. 82, pi. ix. fig. 20.
Helix decora F^russac, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Uranie et Phys. 1824, Zool.

p. 478 [nee H. decora Fer. i%2 2 = A. perz'ersa Swainson].
Achatina decora Ferussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 191, pi. CLV.

figs. 5, 7.
Achatinella decora Ferussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. ^. 307

[animal].
? ? Achatinella vestita Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1845, p. 20.
Hab. Oahu, Waheawa, Halemano, Nuuanu Valley, &c.

MOLLUSC A 305

van cinerea, n. var.

Banding almost black on the last whorl, ash coloured on the whorl above, the
upper whorls tinted with pale brown banding above the suture, replaced by an almost
black line at the apex.

Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu (Perkins).

Having examined the types of the first five species mentioned in the above
synonymy, I am unable to separate them specifically ; with a fair series of specimens
the forms shade one into another. The variety is noteworthy for its banding being
ashy and almost black, while in the typical form it is red-brown in various patterns. If
A. vestita be really this species it takes precedence in date : I have never seen a
specimen.

subgen. Bulimella Pfeiffer.

Bulimella Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i (1854), p. 119 (as section oi Achatmella, first
species A. rosea Swainson).

(18) Achatinella {^Bulimella) abbreviata Reeve.

Achatinella abbreviata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 19; Newcomb, Ann.

Lye. New York, vi. p. 317 [animal].
Achatinella bacca Reeve, loc. cit. sp. 45 ; Newcomb, loc. cit. p. 318 [animal].
Achatinella nivosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132, pi.

XXII. fig. 6.
Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) Clementina Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855

[Feb. 1856], p. 205.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo and Konahuanui (Baldwin) ; Niu (Newcomb) ; Head of
Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

The specimens found are of a puzzling form, shewing links between Clementina and

colorata.

The animal, as described by Newcomb, seems to vary a good deal in colour.

(19) Achatinella {^Btilimella) anipla Newcomb.

Achatinella anipla Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 137, pi.

XXII. fig. 19.
Mr Baldwin considered this a synonym of A. colorata Rve. ; the only specimen I
have seen is the type, which is somewhat injured, and I incline to place it near
A. abbreviata Rve.

Hab. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb).

40 — 2

3o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(20) Achatinella {Bjilimella) bulimoides Swainson.

AcJiatinella bulimoides Swainson, Brand's Journ. 1828, p. 85; Zool. Illustr. ser. 2,
II. pi. cviii. fig. I ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 8 ; Heynemann,
Malak. Blatt. xiv. (1867), p. 146, pi. i. fig. 2 [anatomy].

Achatinella obliqua Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 245, pi. viii. fig. 63.

Achatinella ooinorpha Gulick, t. c, p. 246, pi. viii. fig. 64.

A. obliqua was united with this species by Newcomb ; Mr Baldwin, however,
gives it as distinct. This latter view may be correct, but the two forms are very
closely related.

Hab. Oahu, Kahana (Gulick) ; Kawailoa (Baldwin).

(21) Achatinella [Bulimella) byronii Wood.

Helix byronii Wood, Index Test. Suppl. p. 22, pi. vii. fig. 30.

Achatinella melanostoina Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132,

pi. xxii. fig. 7.
Achatinella limbata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 252, pi. viii. fig. 70.
Achatinella ma ho£-ani Gulick, t. c, p. 254, pi. viii. fig. 72.
Achatinella pidcherrinia Swainson, Zool. 111. pi. cxxiii. fig. 2; Gwatkin, P. Ac.

Philad. 1S95, P- 238 [radula].

Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb) ; Ahonui, Kalaikoa (Gulick) ; Panoa Valley,
Halemano, and ridges between Opaeula and Kawailoa Gulches (Perkins).

var. recta Newcomb.

Achatinella recta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. xxiii.

fig- 45-
Bulimella multicolor Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1S55, p. 4, pi. xxx. fig. 11 \^pars, non
fig. 1 1 a].

Hab. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb) ; Halemano and Nuuanu Valley (Perkins).

var. nympha Gulick.

Achatinella nynpha Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 251, pi. viii. fig. 69.

Hab. Oahu, Ahonui, Wahiawa, Halemano, Kawailoa, Waimea (Gulick) ; Hale-
mano (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 307

The variation is, as usual in the group, very great. A long series collected by
Mr Hutchison, added to those of Mr Perkins, has led me to be unable to form any
definite break between the various described species which are here placed as varieties.
A. pulcherriina appears to be a large race in which the colouring has been broken into
bands. A. imdticolor and A. recta are, I think, only dwarf varieties. The sinistral
shell figured by Pfeiffer {loc. cit. pi. xxx. fig. 1 1 a) as a variety of A. multicolor
belongs really to A. ovifonnis. A. nympha seems a small, elongate, almost colourless
variety, with a white lip.

(22) Achatinella [Bulimella) decipiens Newcomb.

Achatinella decipiens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153,
pi. XXIV. fig. 68 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 332 [animal].

Achatinella viridans Pfeiffer, Mai. Blatt. 1854, p. 121 [nee Mighels, fide New
comb].

Achatinella planospira Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 3, pi. xxx. fig. 8.

Achatinella herbacea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 233, pi. viii. fig. 52.

Achatinella scitula Gulick, /. c. p. 241, pi. viii. fig. 61.

Hab. Oahu, Kahana (Newcomb, Baldwin); Koolauloa (Hartman); Waimea,
Kawailoa, Hakipu (Gulick).

(23) Achatinella {Btiliviella) /aba Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Btdiinella) faba Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands.

I cannot trace this species in the Brit. Mus. ; it seems not to have been recognized
by any recent author.

(24) Achatinella [Buliniella) glabra Newcomb.

Achatinella glabra Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pi. xxii.

% 25.

Achatinella fricki Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1855, p. 3, pi. xxx. fig. 7.

Achatinella platystyla Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 196, pi. vr. fig. 25.

Achatinella wheat leyi Newcomb, MS.

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa to Hauula (Baldwin); Koolau poko (Newcomb); Ka-
waiawa (Hartman) ; Kawailoa (Guhck and Perkins).

Only two dead specimens. I think A. fricki, which Newcomb placed with
A. ovata, really belongs here ; fig. 7 a, however, belongs to A. ovata. The determina-
tion of ^. wheatleyi is from specimens so named in the Brit. Mus.

3o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(25) Achatinella {Bidinielld) elegans Newcomb.

Achatinella elegans Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149,
pi. XXIV. fig. 57.

Hab. Oahu, Hauula (Newcomb); Hauula and Kaipapau (Baldwin).

(26) Achatinella [Buliiiiella) luteostonia Baldwin.

Achatinella [Buliniella) luteostonia Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 217, pi. x.
figs. 7, 8 [with a note on the animal].

Hab. Oahu, Palolo to Niu (Baldwin).

(27) Achatinella [Btilimella) lymaniana Baldwin.

Achatinella {^Btdimella) lymaniana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 219, pi. x.
figs. 12, 13.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains (Baldwin).

(28) Achatinella {Bulimella) lyonsiana Baldwin.

Achatinella iyBulimella) lyonsiana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 218, pi. x.
figs. 9 — 1 1 [with note on animal] ; Suter, t. c. p. 239, pi. xi. fig. 52
[radula].

Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui mountain (Baldwin).

(29) Achatinella {Bulimella^ ovata Newcomb.

Achatinella ovata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 22 [May, 1853]; T. c.

p. 324 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 130, pi. xxii. fig. 2.
Biili77iella Candida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx. fig. 4.
Achatinella phaeozona Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 215, pi. vii. fig. 40.
Achatinella spadicea Gulick, t. c. p. 247, pi. viii. fig. 65.
Achatinella loi'ata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 6 [nee Ferussae].

Hab. Oahu, Kahana, Waianae (Newcomb); Kawailoa (Baldwin); 2i% A. phaeo-
zona, Keawaawa, Kailua, Olomana (Gulick) ; as A, spadicea, Kahana (Gulick) ; Hauula
to Kahana (Baldwin).

Gulick's two species are unknown to me. I follow Newcomb in placing them
here ; Mr Baldwin has, however, given them rank as species.

MOLL use A 309

(30) Achatinella {Bulimella) oviformis (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella oviformis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 208.
Achatinella multicolor Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 4, pi. xxx. fig. 11 a [nee fig. 11, which
equals A. byronii, var.].

Hab. Oahu (various authors).

{31) Achatinella {Btilimella) rosea Swainson.

Achatinella bidimoides var. rosea Swainson, Brand's Journ. 1828, p. 85.
Achatinella rosea Swainson, Zool. Illustr. sen 2, pi. cxxiii. fig. i ; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 28 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 309

[animal].
Bulimella rosea Swainson, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 30, pi. i. fig. 4.

A good series, including some varieties approaching A. ovata.

Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa to Kawailoa (Baldwin); Waialua (Hartman); Halemano
(Perkins).

(32) Achatinella {^Bulimella) rottmda Gulick.

Achatinella rotunda Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 249, pi. viii. fig. 67.
This form has, with much doubt, been allowed specific rank. In this I have
followed Mr Baldwin ; Newcomb considered it a variety of A. ovata.

Hab. Oahu, Kaawa and Kahana (Gulick) ; Head of Kawailoa (Perkins).

(33) Achatinella {Bulimella) riigosa Neweomb.
Achatinella ru^osa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 138,

pi. XXII. fig. 2 2.

Achatinella corrugata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 248, pi. viii. fig. 66.

Achatinella torrida Gulick, t. c. p. 250, pi. viii. fig. 68.

I strongly suspect that this will prove to be only a roughened form of A. byronii
Wood.

Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb) : as A. corrugata, Hakipu (Gulick) ; Kahana
(Baldwin) : as A. torrida, Kahana, Kaawa, Waikane, Waiolu (Gulick).

3IO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(34) Achatinella {^Bidimella) sowerbyana Pfeiffer.

BtLlimella sowerbyana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 4, pi. xxx.
fig. 14.

var. ficscobasis Smith.

Btilimelia fuscobasis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. "]•], \A. ix. fig. 15.

I think Mr Smith's species is only a colour variety.

Hab. Oahu (type form, authors) ; Mount Kaala (variety, Smith).

(35) Achatinella [Bulimella) taeniolata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella taeniolata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 38; Reeve, Conch.

Icon. Achatinella, sp. 7,
Achatinella rubiginosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [1855], p. 154,

pi. XXIV. fig. 69.
Bulimella macrostoma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx.

fig. 6.

Newcomb was of opinion that A. macrostoma was identical with A. riitila, but,
after examining the type, I prefer to place it here.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb); Niu to Palolo (Baldwin).

(36) Achatinella [Bulimella) vidua Pfeiffer.

Btiltmella vidiia Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 3, pi. xxx. fig. 10.

Newcomb placed this as a synonym of A. ovata ; Mr Baldwin regarded it as a
distinct species. The columellar plait is very small in the specimens in the Brit. Mus.

Hab. Oahu (Baldwin, &c.).

(37) Achatinella [Bulimella) viridans Mighels.

Achatinella viridans Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- -O I Newcomb, P. Zool.

Soc. London, 1854, p. 310 [animal].
Achatinella radiata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 89; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 35.

MOLLUSC A 311

Achatinella subviretis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136,

pi. XXII. fig. 18.
Achatinella rutila Newcomb, t. c. p. 138, pi. xxii. fig. 21 ; Op. cit. 1854, p. 310

[animal] ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 326 [animal].

Hab. Oahu, Niu (Newcomb) ; Palolo, Niu, Konahuanui (Hartman) ; Nuuanu to
Waialae (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu, Waialae (Perkins).

subgen. Partulina Pfeiffer.

Partulina Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i. 1854, p. 114.

Pfeiffer had no fixed type for his section, but the species all belong to one group,
and I would suggest that his first-named, A. virgtilata Migh., be treated as the type.

Pease, in his review of the genus in 1869, did not alter the grouping, so far as
regards Partulina.

Mons. Ancey has recently (P. Malac. Soc. London, in. 1899, p. 270) proposed to
place P. pliysa Newc, and its allies, in a new subgenus Baldwinia.

(38) Achatinella (Partulina) anceyana Baldwin.

Achatinella {Partulina) anceyana Baldwin, P. Ac Philad. 1895, p. 223, pi. x.

fig. 16 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].
Hab. Maui, Makawao (Baldwin).

(39) Achatinella {Partulina) aptycka Pfeiffer.
Achatinella {Newcombia) aptycha Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March],

p. I, pi. XXX. fig. I.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands. Probably from Maui.

(40) Achatinella {Partulina) compta Pease.

Partulina compta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. 1869, p. 175.

Curiously enough some specimens collected on Maui, and sent to me by Mr
Baldwin, exactly agree with a specimen from Molokai presented by Pease to the
British Museum under this name.

Hab. Molokai (Pease) ; Kawela (Baldwin)— Maui (Baldwin).

F. H. II. 41

312 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(41) Achatinella [Pariulina) confusa nom. nov.

Achatinella physa Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. 1855, p. 218 ; Amer. J. Conch. 11.

1866, p. 214, pi. XIII. fig. 10.
Achatinella {Partulind) physa Newcomb, Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 225

[animal].
Nee A. physa Newcomb, 1854, q. v. (p. 316).

An inspection of the figures and descriptions given by Newcomb (P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1853, p. 152, pi. xxiv. fig. 64, and as given above) will, I think, show that
he was confusing two species, under the belief that the first description related only
to a young specimen. It therefore becomes necessary to restrict his name to the
species he first referred to, which unfortunately appears to be the same as A. hawaii-
ensis Baldwin, and to rename the other form, which, it is to be regretted, is the species
universally known as A. physa. It may be noted that the habitat originally given by
Newcomb agrees with that of Hamakua given by Mr Baldwin for his A. hawaiiensis,
whilst Kohala is a different, but adjoining, district.

Hab. Hawaii, Kohala (Newcomb).

(42) Achatinella [Parttilina) crassa Newcomb.

Achatinella crassa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155, pi. xxiv.
fig. 71.

H.^B. Lanai (Newcomb) ; near Koele (Perkins).

(43) Achatinella [Partulina) dolei Baldwin.

Achatinella i^PartiUind) dolei Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 221, pi. x. figs. 17,
18 ; Suter, t. c. p. 238, pi. xi. fig. 55 [radula].

Belongs to the group of A. tappaniana C. B. Ad. ; specimens, precisely similar to
some kindly sent me by Mr Baldwin, were identified by Mr Gulick as a variety of his
A.fasciata ( = tappaniana).

Hab. Maui, Honomanu (Baldwin).

(44) Achatinella {Partiilina) dubia Newcomb.

Achatinella dubia Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 23 (May, 1853) ; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 152, pi. xxiv. fig. 65.

Hab. Oahu, among stones, and Waianae on bushes (Newcomb) ; Makaha Valley,
Waianae Mts (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 313

(45) Achatinella {Partulina) dwightii Newcomb.

Achatiiiella divightii Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 145 (Oct. 1855);
Amen J. Conch, n. p. 213, pi. xiii. fig. 9; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895,
p. 238 [radula].

Closely related, apparently, to some of the varieties o^ A. redfieldi Newc.

Hab. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin) ; Mountains (Perkins).

(46) Achatinella [Parhilina) fusoidea Newcomb.

Achatinella fusoidea Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 144 (Oct. 1855); Amer.
J. Conch. 11. 1866, p. 213, pi. XIII. fig. 8.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (Newcomb).

(47) Achatinella [Partuliua) goiildi Newcomb.

Achatinella gottldi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 21 (May 1853); P. Zool.

Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 129, pi. xxii. fig. i.
Achatinella talpina Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 212, pi. vii. fig. 38 (Dee.

1856).
Achatinella myrrhea Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 517.

Hab. Maui, on Tutui trees, Wailuku Valley (Newcomb) ; Wailuku (Gulick).

(48) Achatinella (^Partiilina) g7'isea Newcomb.

Achatinella grisea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153, pi. xxiv.

fig. 66.
Hab. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb, &c.).

(49) Achatinella {Partulina) hayseldeni Baldwin.

Partulina hayseldeni Baldwin, Nautilus, x. p. 31, July 1896.

Plate XL fig. 2.

Belongs to the group o{ A. variabilis Newc.

Hab. Lanai (Baldwin) ; Lanaihale, near highest point of Mountains (Perkins).

(50) Achatinella [Partulina) horneri Baldwin.

Achatinella {Partulina) horneri Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 224, pi. x. figs.
20, 21, 22 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].

Hab. Hawaii, Hamakua (Baldwin).

41—2

314 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(51) Achatinella [Pariu/ina) lignaria Gulick.

Achatinella lignaria Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 209, pi. vii. fig. 35 (Dec.

1856).
Hab. Maui, Wailuku (Gulick).

van crocea Gulick.

Achatinella crocea Gulick, t. c. p. 21 i, pi. vii. fig. 36 (Dec. 1856).

I think A. crocea is only a variety; both were placed by Newcomb as synonyms
of his A. terebra.

Hab. Maui, Waihee (Gulick).

(52) Achatinella [Partulina) jnarmorata Gould.

Achatinella marniorata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 200 (1847); U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. fig. 94; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 311 [animal];
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 238 [radula].
Achatinella adamsi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 19 (May, 1853);

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 137, pi. xxii. fig. 20 (as A. adamsii).
Achatinella induta Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 207, pi. vii. fig. 34 (Dec.

1856).
The synonymy of this species is difficult ; Newcomb united two other forms de-
scribed by Gulick from a different district of Maui ; Mr Baldwin on the other hand
regards them as species. For the present I have left them, with some hesitation, specific
rank ; they are A. ustulata and A. pltimbea.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (Gould) ; Makawao (Newcomb, Baldwin) ; Wailuku
(Gulick).

(53) Achatinella {Partulina) mighelsiana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella mighelsiana Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. 11. p. 238 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye.
New York, vi. p. 319 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula];
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 40.

The typical form is a whitish shell with a single black band at the periphery ; this
single band is occasionally split into two smaller ones. Some lovely varieties were
collected by Mr Perkins, which may be tabulated as follows :

(a) White and bandless.

(/8) Bandless, of a rich orange hue with strigations of a slightly darker shade,
tubercle white.

MOLLUSC A 315

(y) One-banded, the whitish shell tinted with yellow, ashy, or slaty strigations.
A few are white above the band, yellowish below, and show traces of a second band in
the umbilical area.

(S) Two- and even three-banded, ground-colouring white, tinted faintly with
ashy strigations, shell not quite so attenuate.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin) ; the Mountains (Perkins).

(54) Achatinella l^Parhtlina) 7)iorbida Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Bu/imella) morbida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.

Hab. ?Oahu.

The only authority I am aware of for the exact habitat is Mr Baldwin, who gives
Oahu, but he marks it as one of the species he has not seen.

(55) Achatinella i^Parhilina) niucida Baldwin.

Achatinella [Pai'tiiliiui) mucida Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1S95, P- 222, pi. x. fig. 23.

A series of about 60 specimens. It is generally of an ashy colour with a dark zone
at the periphery ; smaller colour lines are also present in most specimens. The brown
stain at the base of the columellar plait is also noteworthy.

Hab. Molokai, Makakupaia (Baldwin) ; Makakupaia, and Mountains of Molokai
(Perkins).

(56) Achatinella [Partulina) nivea Baldwin.

Achatinella [Partulina) nivea Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 222, pi. x. fig. 19.
Hab. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin).

(57) Achatinella [Partiilina) perdix Reeve.

Achatinella pei'dix Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 43 (1850); Newcomb,
Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 317 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895,
p. 238 [radula].

Achatinella iindosa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 205, pi. vii. fig. n (Dec.
1856).

A. undosa was wrongly placed by Clessin (Norn. Helic. Viv. p. 305) as a synonym
of A. radiata Gould.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin); Olinda at 4000 ft. (Perkins).

3i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(58) Achatinella {Partulina) physa Newcomb.

Achatinella physa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 152, pi. xxiv.

fig. 64.
Achatinella [Partulina) liawaiiensis Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 225, pi. x.

figs. 24 — -26 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].
Nee A. physa Newc. subsequently.

See for notes on the synonymy under A. confiisa Sykes.
Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Newcomb) ; Hamakua (Baldwin).

(59) Achatinella [Partulina) plumbea Gulick.

Achatinella plumbea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 213, pi. vii. fig. 39.
Hab. Maui, Kula (Gulick).

(60) Achatinella (Partulina) porcellana Newcomb.

Achatinella porcellana Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 146,
pi. xxiii. fig. 47.

In appearance recalling a dwarf specimen of A. terebra Newc. of W. Maui ; only
known to me from the type.

Hab. E, Maui (Newcomb).

(61) Achatinella [Partulina) proxima Pease.

Helicter proxivins Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 6.

Partulina proxima Pease, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 27, pi. i. figs, i, 2.

Achatinella proxima Pease, Gwatkin, 1. c. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

A fine series. A variety is interesting as showing a link towards A. theodorei
Baldwin ; it is much more slender and smaller than the typical form, generally lighter
in colour, and the colour-markings are much finer in pattern. It was found with the
typical form.

Hab. Molokai, Waikolu (Baldwin) ; Kahanui, and mountains of Molokai
(Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 317

(62) Achatviella {Pariulvia) pyramidalis Gulick.

Achatinella pyramidalis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 204, pi. vii. fig. 32
(Dec. 1856).

Newcomb regarded this as a variety of A. perdix Reeve ; not having seen speci-
mens which unite them I have left it as a species. Clessin (Norn. Helic. Viv. p.
306) placed it — erroneously — under A. mannorata Gould.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Gulick) ; Huelo (Baldwin); Waihee (Perkins).

(63) Achatinella {Partulina) radiata Gould.

Achatinella radiata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1845, P- -7-
Btdinms gouldiV{€\^(tr, Zeitsch. fiir Malak. 1846, p. 116.
Partula deiisilineata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Partttla, sp. 9.

Hab. ? Maui (Baldwin).

The specimens in the British Museum are labelled "Oahu", but probably this is
erroneous and Maui is the correct habitat.

(64) Achatinella [Parttilina) redfieldi Newcomb.

Achatinella redfieldi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May 1853), p. 22 ; t. c.
p. 325 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pi. xxii. fig. 5 ;
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 238 [radula].

The long series collected by Mr Perkins has given me considerable difficulty.
Newcomb originally gave both Maui arid Molokai, Clessin (Nom. Helic. Viv. p. 306)
gave Molokai and Kauai (the latter being obviously wrong), and Mr Baldwin gives
Mapulehu, Molokai. I think Maui was a slip, due to confusion with the very closely
allied A. splendida, and that A. redfieldi is really a Molokai shell. Next arises the
question of what the typical form may be ; Newcomb states that the shell is either plain
or banded on the third whorl only, while he gives six as the number of whorls, the shell
figured being banded (as A. splendida) on all the whorls. The forms I refer to this
species are :

a. Typical (Plate XL fig. 15). Varies from nearly white to chestnut, sometimes
being particoloured.

Hab. Makakupaia, Molokai (Perkins).

3i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

yS. Light to dark fawn colour, banded with brown, the Hp being sometimes white.
This is the form figured by Newcomb.

Hab. Molokai, towards or above Kamalo (Perkins).

y. Lip white, shell chestnut, a white band at the periphery and often a smaller
one above it, upper whorls finely tessellated. (Plate XL fig. i6.)

Hab. Molokai, Makakupaia and Kamalo (Perkins).

(65) Achatitiella {^Parhtlina) ru/a Newcomb.

Achatinella rtifa Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 21 (May 1853); t. c.
p. 324 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 130, pi. xxii. fig. 3.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin) ; mountains (Perkins).

Dr Hartman gave, erroneously, Maui for this shell. The figure is not good, being
too elongate and too highly coloured : a pale variety exists.

(66) Achatinella i^Partulina) splendida Newcomb.

Achatinella splendida Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 20 (May, 1853) ; P.

Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pi. xxii. fig. 4.
Achatinella baileyana Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 202, pi. vii. fig. 31

(1856).
Achatinella solida Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 516.

Hab. Maui, Wailuku (Newcomb, &c.) ; Lahaina and Wailuku (Baldwin).

(67) Achatinella [Partulina) tappaniana C. B. Adams.

Achatinella tappaniana C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch, p. 126 (1850) [with var.

dtibiosa\.
Achatinella ebnrnea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 199, pi. vi. fig 28 ;

Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].
Achatinella ampulla Gulick, t. c. p. 200, pi. vii. fig. 29.
Achatinella fasciata Gulick, t. c. p. 201, pi. vii. fig. 30.
Achatinella tuba Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 523.

Hab. Maui, (as A. tappaniana^ Lahaina (Baldwin); (as A. eburned) Honuaula
(Gulick) ; (as A. ainpitlla and A. fasciata) Honukawai (Gulick).

MOLLUSC A 319

(68) Achatinella [Partulina) terebra Newcomb.

Achatinella terebra Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144, pi.

XXIII. fig. 40.

Btdimella attenuata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March], p. 4, pi. xxx.

fig. 12.
Achatinella corusca Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 525.
Achatinella perforata Gulick, Pfeiffer, pag. cit.

Hab. Maui; W. Maui (Newcomb) ; Wailuku (Hartman) ; Honokowai (Baldwin).

(69) Achatinella [Partulina) tessellata Newcomb.

Achatinella tessellata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 19;
t. c. p. 327 [animal] ; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pi. xxiii. fig.
26; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

A very fine series. The forms found at Pelekunu are generally dextral and of
large size ; recalling in shape and colouring A. virgiilata, but as they possess the
mottled colouring of the earlier whorls, so characteristic of the present species, I have
placed them here.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin) ; Pelekunu, Makakupaia, Kahanui,
&c. (Perkins).

(70) Achatinella [Partulina) ustiilata Gulick.

Achatinella ustiilata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 211, pi. vii. fig. 2,7-
Nee A. ustulata Newcomb MS.; fide Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i. p. 136 {=A.

colorata Reeve).
Hab. Maui, Beautiful Valley (Gulick) ; Lahaina (Baldwin).

(71) Achatinella {Partulina) variabilis Newc.

Achatinella variabilis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1S54], p. 154, pi.

XXIV. fig. 70.

Achatinella fulva (Newcomb) Pfeifter, loc. cit. 1855 [1856], p. 208.
Achatinella lactea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. 1858, p. 19S. pi. vi. fig. 27
[bad].

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.) ; windward side on ridges facing Maui, above
Waiapaa, behind Koele, and Lanaihale (Perkins).

F. H. II. 42

320 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

van semicarinata Newc.

Achatinella semicarinata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156,
pi. XXIV. fig. 76.

From an examination of the very fine series collected by Mr Perkins, I think
Newcomb was quite right in placing A. fulva and A. lactea in the synonymy. The
former is a straw-coloured form without banding and the latter a white form with a
reddish-brown stain in the interior of the aperture. Mr Baldwin remarks that A.
variabilis is ' invariably dextral,' but sinistral specimens, typical in every other respect,
were found by Mr Perkins. In placing A. semicarinata as a variety I have been
guided by the great difficulty I found in endeavouring to separate this form from A.
fulva, the type specimens of which shew traces of the carina.

Mr Perkins remarks that ' the broader form with ridge more raised ' is ' from
higher elevations ' : it appears to be gradually replaced by the form fulva at lower
altitudes and this latter shades into A. variabilis (typical).

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.) ; mountains (Perkins).

(72) Achatinella [Parttilina] virgulata Mighels.

Partiila virgjilata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1845, P- 20.

Achatinella virgulata Mighels, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 3 ; Newcomb,

Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 312 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895,

p. 238 [radulaj.
Bulimtis rohri Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. f. Malak. 1846, p. 115.
Bulimies insignis Mighels, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 3.

Hab. Molokai, Kaluaaha to Halawa (Baldwin); Mapulehu and mountains
(Perkins).

It is a very variable species and the following, which I take to be a variety, is
perhaps worthy of note.

var. a. Either entirely white or slightly tinted with brown on the last whorl ;
mouth varying from dusky to white ; the spiral black line on the upper whorls either
present or absent.

Hab. Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).

subgen. Achatinellastrum Pfeiffer.

Achatinellastrum Pfr., Malak. Blatt. i. (1854), p. 133 (first species A. venulata
Newc).

MOLLUSC A 321

{T^ Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) augnsta Smith.

Achatinella augtista Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1S73, p. 74, pi. ix. fig. 7.
Dr Hartman referred this shell, as A. angusta, to A. fidgens Newc.
Hab. Oahu, Waialae, Waialupe, Palolo (Smith).

(74) Achatinella {Achatincllastrum) bclla Reeve.

Achatinella bella Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 17; Newcomb, Ann.
Lye. New York, vi. p. 316 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238
[radula].

Pease (P. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 652) united the species, I think erroneously, with
A. polita Newc.

Hab. Molokai (various authors and Perkins) ; Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin).

(75) Achatinella {Achatincllastj-mn) bilineata Reeve.

Achatinella bilineata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 22.

Achatinella johnsoni 'H&v;comh, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 147, pi. xxiii. fig. 50.

Achatinella aphistre Newcomb, t. c. p. 147, pi. xxiii. fig. 51.

Hab. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb) ; Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin).

(76) Achatinella {Achatinellastruni) buddii Newcomb.

Achatinella buddii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155, pi. xxiv.

fig- 11-
Achatiyiella pexa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 197, pi. vi. fig. 26.

Achatinella pliiniata Gulick, t. c. p. 217, pi. vii. fig. 41.

Achatinella casia Gulick, t. c. p. 234, pi. viii. fig. 53.

Achatinella fusco zona Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pi. ix. fig. 9.

I follow Mr Baldwin in uniting Mr Smith's species, with which I am unacquainted.
Dr Hartman (P. Ac. Philad. 18S8) places it (on p. 32) amongst the synonyms of ^.
bnddii ; possibly this may be a slip as further on (p. ^^t^ he leaves it specific rank,
remarking ' this may be a good species, though it approaches very near to A. fusco-
lineata. Smith,' a comparison which appears to me inaccurate.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb); Niu, Wailupe, Waialae, Palolo, Kailua, and
Waimea (Gulick) ; Makiki, Palolo (Smith).

42 — 2

322 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

{'jj) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) casta Newcomb,

Achatinella casta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 134, pi. xxii. fig. 12.
Achatinella juncea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 230, pi. vii. fig. 49.
Achatinella cognata Gulick, t. c. p. 240, pi. viii. fig. 60.

A. cognata is only known to me from the description : I incline to think Newcomb
was right in suppressing it as a species ; Mr Baldwin, however, considers it distinct.

Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb, Baldwin) ; Kalaikoa, Wahiawa, Halemano, Haiki-
puu, and Waikane (Gulick) ; above Ewa (Perkins).

(78) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) cervina Gulick.

Achatinella cervina Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 241, pi. viii. fig. 62.

Newcomb placed it as a variety of A. ovata ; Mr Baldwin, on the other hand, gives
it rank as a species and places it in Achatinellastruni. If the specimens in the Brit.
Mus. are correctly identified, it is very close to A. buddii Newc.

Hab. Oahu, Kahana (Gulick).

(79) Achatinella [Achatinel/astriiin) colorata Rve.

Achatinella colorata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 18 ; Newcomb, Ann.
Lye. New York, vi. p. 316 [animal].

Hab. Oahu, Ahuimanu (Hartman) ; Kalihi (Baldwin).

(80) Achatinella {Achatinellastruvi) concolor Smith.

Achatinella concolor Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pi. ix. fig. i.
Dr Hartman considered it to be a form of ^. colorata Rve.
Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Smith).

(81) Achatinella {^Achatinellastrum) ciicuniis Gulick.

Achatinella cucumis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 225, pi. vii. fig. 45.

Hab. Oahu, Kalihi (Gulick); Kalihi to Moanalua (Baldwin); Kaliua (sic)
(Hartman).

MOLLUSCA

(82) Achatinella iyAchatinellastrjim) cnneus Pfeiffer.

323

Achatinella (^Achalinellastrzmt) cuneus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855,
p. 205.

Newcomb considered this a form of A. decipiens; Dr Hartman appears to have
been in some confusion, as he placed it (P. Ac. Philad. 1888) at p. 29 under A. decipiens,
and at p. 30 under A. viridans. I have seen a long and characteristic series found on
the Island of Oahu by Mr Hutchison.

Hab. Oahu (authors) ; Halawa (Baldwin) ; mountains behind Ewa (Perkins).

(83) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) curta Newc.

Achatinella airta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 144, pi. xxiii. fig. 43.
Achatinella Jindiilata Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 219; Amer. J.

Conch. II. (1866), p. 216, pi. XIII. fig. 15; Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London,

1855, p. 208.
Achatinella dimorpha Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 236, pi. viii. fig. 56.
. Achatinella albescens Gulick, t. c. p. 237, pi. viii. fig. 57.
Achatinella contracta Gulick, t. c. p. 239, pi. viii. fig. 59.
Achatinella rhodoraphe Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pi. ix. fig. 10;

Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].
Achatinella pyg-ntcea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pi. ix. fig. 11.

• Hab. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb); various localities (Gulick); Halemano,
Waipio, &c. (Smith) ; between Kawailoa and Waala gulches, generally between
Kawailoa and Halemano, Waimea (Perkins).

(84) Achatinella {Achatitiellastrtim) delta Gulick.

Achatinella delta Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 231, pi. viii. fig, 50.
Newcomb considered A. delta to be a more banded variety of A. airta Newc. ;
from the material I have seen I incline, with doubt, to leave them distinct.
Hab. Oahu, Kalaikoa, Halemano, &c. (Gulick).

(85) Achatinella {Achatincllastritm) diluta Smith.

Achatinella dilnta Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pi. ix. fig. 14.
It is near to, but seems distinct from, A. ligata Smith, with which Dr Hartman
placed it.

Hab. Oahu, probably (Smith).

324 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(86) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) ernestina Baldwin.

Achatinella [Achatinellastrtcni) ernestina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 217,
pi. X. figs. 5, 6 [animal described].

Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu Valley (Baldwin).

(87) Achatinella {A chatinellastrum) formosa Gulick.

Achatinella for^nosa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 235, pi. viii. fig. 55.
Hab. Oahu, Waimea (Gulick).

(88) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) fulgens Newc.

Achatinella fulgens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pi. xxii.

fig. 24.
Hab. Oahu, Niu (Newcomb) ; Waialua, south-east end (Hartman).

(89) Achatinella [Achatinellastfuin) germana Newcomb.

Achatinella germana Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pi.
XXIV. fig. 61.

Hab. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb).

(90) Achatinella i^Achatinellastruni) jttddii Baldwin.

Achatinella i^Achatinellastrmn) jiiddii Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 216, pi. x.

figs. 3- 4-
Hab. Oahu, Halawa (Baldwin).

(91) Achatinella [Achatiucllastntin) leluiiensis Smith.

Achatinella lehuiensis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, P- 7^' P'- ^'^- fig- 4-

I have not seen the species, but it appears from the figure to be near A. zonata

Gulick ; Dr Hartman has suggested that it is a form of A. multicolor Pfr.

( = ovifortnis Pfr. ).

Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Smith).

MOLLUSC A 325

(92) Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) ligata Smith.

Achatinella ligata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pi. ix. fig. 13.
Achatinella bellula Smith, t. c. p. 77, pi. ix. fig. 8.

I fancy these two forms are only varieties of one species ; they approach A.
nympha Gulick.

Hab. Oahu, Waimolu (Smith) ; Panoa and Nuuanu (Baldwin) ; ridges round
Nuuanu, Waimea, and beyond head of Panoa Valley (Perkins).

(93) Achatinella {^Achatinellastrum) livida Swainson.

Achatinella livida Swainson, Zool. 111. pi. cviii. fig. 2.

Achatinella emmersonii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156, pi.

XXIV. fig. 74.
Achatinella viridans Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 25 [nee Mighels].
Achatinella reevei C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 128.
Achatinella consanguinea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. ']i, pi. ix. fig. 3.
Nee A. livida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 89 [ = ^. vnlpina Per.].
According to Dr Hartman, Mr Smith's species is probably a variety of A.
colorata; from the specimens I have seen, I think it rather belongs here.
Hab. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb, Baldwin); Ahuimanu (Smith).

(94) Achatinella {Ac hat inc I last rum) longispira Smith.

Achatinella longispira Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. Ti^ pi. ix. fig. 5.

Placed by Dr Hartman as a synonym of A. viUpina, but the present species is
much more slender in form; I should be inclined rather to refer it to the group of
A. olivacea.

Hab. Oahu, Halawa, Ahuimanu (?) (Smith).

(95) Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) multizonata Baldwin.

Achatinella {Achatinellastrum) multizonata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1S95, p. 215,
pi. X. figs. I, 2 [animal described].

The shells collected by Mr Perkins from ' round Nuuanu' are in no sense typical
of this species, they appear to be forms shewing links between it and A. bellula Smith
{ = ligata Smith) ; indeed the two may prove to be forms of one variable species.

Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu Valley (Baldwin); ridges round Nuuanu and Waimea
(Perkins).

326 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(96) Achatinella {Ackatinellastrum) nattii Baldwin and Hartman.

Achatinella nattii Baldwin and Hartman in Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 34,
pi. I. fig. 3 [as nealii in explanation of plate]; Gwatkin, 1. c. 1895, P- 238.
[radula].

Hab. Maui, Makawao to Honomu (Baldwin).

(97) Achatinella [Achatinellastruni) olivacea Reeve.

Achatinella olivacea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 20.

Achatinella prasina Reeve, 1. c. sp. 27.

Hab. Oahu, Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin); Nuuanu and Mt. Tantalus (Perkins).

(98) Achatinella [Achatinellastriim) papyracea Gulick.

Achatinella papyracea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 229, pi. vii. fig. 48.
Hab. Oahu, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Wahiawa (Gulick).

(99) Achatinella [Achatinellasti-uin) polita Newcomb.

Achatinella polita Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 24(1853, May); t. c.

p. 328 [animal].
Pease considered this to be identical with A. bella.
Hab. Molokai (Newcomb) ; Kaluaaha to Halawa (Baldwin).

(100) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) producta Reeve.

Achatinella p7'odncta Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 13; Newcomb, Ann.
Lye. New York, vi. p. 315 [animal]; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New
York, X. p. 336, pi. XV. figs. 2, 4 [radula and anatomy].

Achatinella venulata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 146, pi. xxiii.
fig. 48.

Achatinella hybrida Newcomb, t. c. p. 147, pi. xxiii. fig. 52.

Achatinella dunkeri (Cuming MS.) Pfeiff"er, op. cit. 1855, p. 208.

Hab. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb, Hartman); Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin).

MOLLUSC A 327

(loi) Ackatinella [Achatinellasirum) saccata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Ackatinellastrum) saccata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.

Unknown to me.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Pfeiffer); Oahu (?) (Baldwin).

(102) Achatinella [Achatinellasirum) solitaria Newcomb.

Achatinella solitaria Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 150,
pi. XXIV. fig. 60.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb).

(103) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) trilineata GuJick.

Achatinella trilineata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 226, pi. vii. fig. 46.
Hab. Oahu, Palolo, Waialae, Wailupe, and Niu (Gulick).

(104) Achatinella {Achatinellastruni) versipellis Gulick.

Achatinella versipellis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 224, pi. vii. fig. 44.
Hab. Oahu, Kailua (Gulick).

(105) Achatinella {Achatinellastrmn) vulpina Ferussac.

Helix vtilpina Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 447, pi. lxviii. figs. 13, 14;

Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. p. 508, pi. xxix. figs. 3, 4 [animal].
Achatina vulpina Ferussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 193, pi. clv. fig. 1.
Achatinella vulpina Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 29.
Achatinella castanea Reeve, 1. c. sp. 24.
Achatinella adusta Reeve, I. c. sp. 30.

Achatinella virens Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 254, pi. viii. fig. -] i (1858).
Achatinella fuscolineata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pi. ix. fig. 2.
Achatinella livida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, P- ^9 [n^c Swainson].
Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Baldwin); Kailua, Palolo, Halawa (Smith); Manoa to
Nuuanu (Baldwin); Nuuanu Yalley and Mt. Tantalus (Perkins).

F. H. II. 43

328 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

van stewarti Green.

Achatina stewarti Ore&n, Contrib. Macl. Lye. Philad. i. (1827, July), p. 47, pi. iv.

figs. 1—4.
Achatinella stewarti Green, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 26.
Achathiella pulcherrima Reeve, 1. c. sp. 23, fig. a [nee Swainson].
Achatinella tricolor Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 70, pi. ix. fig. 6.
Hab. Oahu (various authors); Heia (Smith); Nuuanu and Mt. Tantalus
(Perkins).

van crassidentata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Achatinellastruni) crassidentata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855,

p. 6, pi. XXX. fig. 23.
Achatinella diversa Gulick, Ann. Lye, New York, vi. p. 220, pi. vii. fig. 42

(1856, Dec).
Achatinella varia Gulick, t. c. p. 222, pi. vii. fig. 43.
Achatinella arialoga Gulick, t. c. p. 227, pi. vii. fig. 47.

Hab. Oahu, Halawa (Baldwin) ; Halawa, Palolo, Waialae and Wailupe (Gulick) ;
Waialae and Nuuanu (Perkins).

van liliacea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) liliacea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859,
p. 31.

Hab. Oahu (Baldwin).

The difficulty of arriving at a satisfactory dividing line between A. vulpina and
A. producta is very great. As at present arranged, A. vulpina is the brown shell,
van stewarti the greenish coloured form, van crassidentata the parti-coloured, and
van liliacea the bandless variety ; all the above being sinistral. A. producta on the
other hand is reserved for the larger and, usually, dextral form.

(106) Achatinella [Achatinellastrum) ivailuaensis, sp. nov.

Testa dextrorsa, subperforata, nitida, turrita, solidula, levissime striata, alba, lineis
castaneis picta, apud peripheriam zona alba, in sutura linea nigro-castanea notata ;
anfr. 5 — 5-^, regulariter crescentes, convexi ; apertura auriformis ; margine columellari
plica fusca mediocri munita, margine dextro acuto, callo parietali tenuissimo. Long.
15-5, alt. 8-4 mill. Plate XI. fig. 19.

A pretty little shell of the group of A. Bella Reeve, of Molokai. A variety also
occurred (Plate XI. fig. 20) in which the banding is almost obsolete, save in the suture
of the earliest whorls and in one strong dark band below the periphery.

Hab. Maui, Wailua (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 329

(107) Achatinella {Achat ine/lasti'uin) zonata Gulick.

Achatinella zonata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 237, pi. viii. fig. 58.
Achatinella glauca Gulick, t. c. p. 232, pi. viii. fig. 51.

United by Newcomb with A. trilincata Gulick ; it appears however to have
much flatter whorls, and I follow Mr Baldwin, with some little doubt, in restoring it to
specific rank. According to Newcomb, A. glaiica is a synonym of A. livida Swain.,
but specimens in the Brit. Mus. "named from Gulick's type" as a variety, lead me to
place it here.

Hab. Oahu, Waimea, Pupukea, Waialei, Kahuku, Hauula, and Kaawa (Gulick);
above Ewa (Perkins).

The following appears to be only a manuscript name :

Achatinellastrum olesonii Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 5.

Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu.

Perdicella Pease.

Perdicella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649.

Pease, unfortunately, having named no type, it becomes necessary to select one
and I propose to take A. helena Newc. The species come from Maui and Molokai.

( I ) Perdicella fnlgurans, sp. nov.

Testa subperforata, dextrorsa, ovato-turrita, nitida, sub lente lineis spiralibus
confertim sculpta, albida, strigis fulgurantibus castaneis elegantissime picta, sutura
modice impressa, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 5^^, plano-convexi, ultimis | longitudinis testae
aequans ; apertura ovato-pyriformis, intus lilacina ; peristoma margine dextro simplici,
columellari subreflexo ; plica columellaris torta, subprominens, mediocris, rapide
ascendens. Long. 16 ; lat. 8 ; long, apert. 8-i ; lat. apert. 4-9 mill. (Plate XL fig. 5.)

This very pretty shell is akin to I^. zebrina Pfr., but may be readily separated
from it by its greater size, by being much broader in proportion to the length, and by
the colour-pattern being finer in design and more zigzag. The protoconch is brown,
then becoming paler with a dark shade near the sutural line. It is the Partiilina
zebrina Pfr. of Mr Baldwin's valuable catalogue.

Hab. E. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin); Maui (Hutchison).

43—2

330 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Perdicella helena Newcomb.

Achatinella helena Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 27 ; P. Zool.

Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pi. xxiv. fig. 63.
Hab. Molokai, on Ti-tree (Newcomb) ; Kamalo to Kalae (Baldwin) ; Kalae and
Makakupaia (Perkins).

(3) Perdicella mauiensis (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella maniensis (sic, err. typ.) (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London,
1855 [1856], p. 207 ; Newcomb, Amer. J. Conch. 11. p. 217, pi. xiii. fig. 16.

Hab. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin).

(4) Perdicella juinuscula Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Newcombia) minuscula Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.
Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin). — Molokai Mts. at 4000 feet (Perkins).
Both these habitats can hardly be correct ; I suspect the former may be an error
of identification.

(5) Perdicella ornata Newcomb.

Achatinella ornata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149, pi. xxiv.

fig- 55-
Hab. Maui ; E. Maui (Newcomb); Lahaina (Baldwin).

(6) Perdicella theodorei Baldwin.

Achatinella {Partulina) theodorei Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 226, pi. x.

fig. 27.
Hab. Molokai, Kawela (Baldwin); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(7) Perdicella zebra Newcomb.

Achatinella zebra Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 142 [Oct. 1855].
Placed by Dr Hartman, in his list, both in Achatinellastrttm and LaminellaX
Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb).

MOLLUSC A 331

(8) Perdicella zebrina Pfeiffer.

Newconibia zebrma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 202.
Hab. E. Maui (Baldwin as P. zebra Newc).

Newcombia Pfeiffer.

Newcombia Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i. 1854, p. 117; Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London,
1869, p. 649.

Pfeiffer's list of species was very heterogeneous and included shells of diverse
groups, his first species being A. hclena Newcomb ; fortunately Pease in 1869 properly
confined the group to the shells it is now used for.

Two sections may be formed: L Spirally lirate ; N. lirata, etc. IL Nearly
smooth, usually more elongate ; N. cumingi, etc.

(i) Newcombia canaliculata Baldwin.

Achatinella [Newcombia) canaliculata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 226, pi. x.

figs. 28, 29 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].
Hab. Molokai, Halawa (Baldwin).

(2) Neivcombia ciniiamoniea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella cinnavwmea Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. iv. 1857, p. 230.

Achatinella {^Newcombia) cinnamomea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.

Newcombia cinnamomea Pfeiffer, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Conchologically this is very close to N . cumingi Newc.

Hab. Molokai, Mapulehu (Baldwin) ; Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(3) Neivcombia cumingi Newcomb.

Achatinella cumingi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. 1853, p. 25; P. Zool.

Soc. London, 1853 [1854], pi. xxiv. fig. 59.
Hab. Maui, Haleakala (Newcomb) ; Lahaina and Makawao (Baldwin).

(4) Newcombia ge7nma Pfeiffer.

Achatinella gemma Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. iv. 1857, p. 323.

Achatinella {Newcombia) gemtna Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.

Akin to N. lirata Pfr., but the sculpture is almost obsolete.

Hab. Molokai Mts. (Perkins).

332 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Newcombia plicata (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella plicata Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 11. 1848, p. 235 ; Newcomb, Ann.

Lye. New York, vi. 1858, p. 312 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella,

sp. 44.
Bulimus liratus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [1853], p. 261.

I cannot trace the supposed description by Mighels in P. Boston Soc. as
Bulhmts plicatus.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin) ; Mountains (Perkins).

(6) Newcombia perkinsi Sykes.

Newcombia perkinsi Sykes, P. Malac. Soc, London, 11. 1896, p. 130.
(Plate XL fig. 36.)

Hab. Molokai Mts. (Perkins). A fine series of this handsome shell.

(7) Newcombia pfeifferi Newcomb.

Achatinella pfeifferi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 25 (May, 1853) ;

P. Zool. Soc. London, [853 [1854], p. 150, pi. xxiv. fig. 58.
Bulimus newcombiamis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 261 [Dec. 1853].

Hab. Molokai, Kaluaaha (Baldwin).

(8) Newcombia philippiana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella philippiana Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. iv. 1857, p. 89.
Hab. Molokai, Makakupaia (Baldwin).

(9) Neivcombia sulcata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella sulcata Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. iv. 1857, p. 231.

Achatinella {^Newcombia) sulcata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.

Newcombia sulcata Pfeiffer, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Hab. Molokai, Pohakupili (Baldwin).

MOLLUSC A 333

Amastra H. and A. Adams.

Amastra H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, ii. p. 137.

Type : the group of A. magna Ad.

This large genus may for convenience be subdivided into groups somewhat in the
following manner ; perhaps the large first section might be more broken up, though I
think no sectional name will prove necessary.

subgen. Amastra (s. str.).

(i) Amastra affinis Newcomb.

Achatinella affinis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142, pi. xxiii.

fig- 35-
Achatinella [Laminella) goniostoma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 203.

Amastra rtistica Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pi. x. fig. 17.

Dr Hartman has suggested that A. riistica may equal A. variegata Pfr., an Oahu

species.

Hab. E. Maui, Kula (Newcomb, Gulick).

(2) Amastra albolabris Newcomb.

Achatinella albolabris Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149,

pi. XXIV. fig. 56.
Achatinella nucleola Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 39 \_non Gould].

One young specimen I refer to this species. See a note under A. subrostrata
Pfr.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Newcomb, Perkins) ; Kapalama and Kalihi (Baldwin).

(3) Amastra amicta Smith.

Amasti-a amicta Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pi. x. fig. 20.
Dr Hartman notes that this species "may (t(\\x-e\ petricola" ; it appears to me quite
distinct.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Smith).

334 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Aniastra assiniilis Newcomb.

Achatinella assimilis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 148,

pi. XXIII. fig. 53.
Amastra assimilis Newcomb, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].
Achatinella dcshayesii Morelet, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle, 1857, p. 27

[pars].
It has been suggested that this is a variety oi A. nubilosa Mighels, but the present
species is a more slender shell with much flatter whorls.

Hab. W. Maui (Newcomb).

(5) Amastra azirostoma Baldwin.

Amastra atcrostoma Baldwin, Nautilus, x. (July, 1896), p. 31.
Hab. Lanai (Baldwin).

(6) Amastra badia Baldwin.

Amastra badia Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 230, pi. xi. fig. 40.
Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin).

(7) Amastra biplicata Newcomb.

Achatinella biplicata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156,
pi. XXIV. fig. 75.

Achatinella deshayesii Morelet, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle, 1857, p. 27 [pars];
Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652.

Morelet's original series, now in the British Museum, consists of three specimens,
one belonging to this species, and two to A. assimilis Newc. ; his diagnosis however
refers to a form with only one columellar plait. From Mr Perkins' long series, it
appears that the upper plait is variable and sometimes becomes obsolete ; in one
specimen, which has received an injury, both plaits are dwarfed so as to show only as a
slight thickening of the columella.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb); Waiapaa and Koele (Perkins).

(8) Amastra breviata Baldwin.

Amastra breviata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 231, pi. xi. figs. 45, 46.
Hab. Oahu, Palolo and Halawa (Baldwin).

MOLLUSCA 335

(9) Amasira citrca Sykes.

Amastra citrea Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 129.

Plate XI. fig. 4.

Hab. Molokai (Hutchison).

(10) Amastra conicospira Smith.

Amastra conicospira Smith, P. ZooL Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pi. x. fig. 10.

Dr Hartman places this in the synonymy of A. assimilis Newc. ; I have never
seen the present species, but from the figure it appears distinct.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Smith).

(11) Amastra conifera Smith.

Amastra conifera Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, P- SS- P^- ^- fig- ii-
Hab. E. Maui, Kula (Smith).

(12) Amastra cornea Newcomb.

Achatinella cornea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141, pi. xxiii.

fig- 32.
Hab. Oahu, below Kaala (Perkins).

Newcomb appears not to have noted the exact habitat ; the type-tablet in the
British Museum is, however, labelled ' Oahu.'

(13) Amastra crassilabrum Newcomb,

Achatinella crassilabrnm Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141,
pi. XXIII. fig. 31.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb, &c.).

(14) Amastra cylindrica Newcomb.

Achatinella cylindrica Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], jj. 134,
pi. XXII. fig. 1 1 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 325 [animal].

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

F. H. II. 44

336 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(15) Amastra decorticata Gulick.

Amastra decorticata Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, P- ^4' pl- ^- fig- '^^■
Dr Hartman has united this with A. ellipsoidea of Gould, from Maui, but a glance
at Gould's figures would have shewn him their distinctness.

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa, Halemano, and various localities (Gulick) ; ridges of
Nuuanu (Perkins).

(16) Amastra dia'andi Ancey.

Amastra durandi Ancey, Naturaliste, 1897, p. 178.
Hab. Oahu (Ancey).

(17) Afnastra ellipsoidea Gould.

Achatinella ellipsoidea Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 200; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pi. VII. fig. 96.

A species unknown to me : Newcomb united it with h\s A . ptipoidea, but it appears
not to be so produced in form.
Hab. Maui (Gould).

(18) Amastra elliptica Gulick.

Amastra elliptica Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83, pi. x. fig. 15.
Hab. Oahu, Waialei, Kahuku, Hauula, Kawailoa (Gulick); Waianae (Hartman).
Two specimens, collected by Mr Perkins on " Waianae Mts. Oahu," may belong to
a large, incrassate variety.

(19) Amastra extincta Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laminelld] extincta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856],

p. 204.
? ? Leptachatina hart )iia7ii {'^ ewe. MS.) Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 188S, p. 54.

I fancy that the new name given by Dr Hartman, on the ground that recent
examples had been found, was due to an error of identification. Specimens submitted
to me under the name of A. extincta by Mr Baldwin appear to be only a form of
A. similaris Pease.

Hab. Oahu, subfossil (Pfeiffer).

MOLLUSC A 237

(20) Amas(ra flavescens Newc.

Achatineila flavescens '\>lQ:\\comh, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pi.
XXIV. fig. 62.

Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb).

Dr Hartman gives also " Wanoa, Oahu (Newcomb)," but this must be an error.

(21) Amastra frosti Ancey.

Amastra frosti Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 719; Sykes, P.
Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiii. fig. 12.

Mons. Ancey has also described (P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 269, pi. xii.
fig. 1 1 ) a variety unicolor.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(22) Amastra gray ana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laminella) grayana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.],
p. 204.

A single specimen. Dr Hartman has suggested that this is a form of A. magna,
but I have not seen linking specimens. It is marked with spiral bands, due probably
to the periostracum.

Hab. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881); ? Oahu (Baldwin). — Lanai,
Lanaihale, a ground shell (Perkins).

(23) Amastra humilis Newcomb.

Achatinella humilis Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143;

Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 4.
Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Newcomb); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(24) Amastra inflata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Laminella) inflata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856]

p. 203.
Hab. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv.) ; Koolauloa (Baldwin).

44—2

338 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(25) Aniastra intermedia Newcomb.

Achatinella intermedia Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135,
pi. XXII. fig. 13.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb) ; ridges of Nuuanu, and Waianae Mts. below
Kaala (Perkins).

A long series.

(26) Amastra irregularis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella irregularis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 205.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

(27) Amastra lineolata Newcomb.

Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pi. xxiii. fig. 29.

Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb).

The habitat ' Maui,' originally given, seems to have been a slip.

(28) A^nastra longa Sykes.

Amastra longa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Oct. 1896), p. 129.

Plate XL fig. 35.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb) ; windward side, apparently extinct (Perkins).

(29) Amastra luctuosa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laminella) luctttosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],

p. 204.
Laminella luctuosa Pfeiffer, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. pp.

335 — 6 [jaw and radula].

Hab. Oahu, Waialee (Baldwin).

MOLLUSC A 339

{2>o) Ainastra magna C. B. Adams.

Achatinella magna C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch, p. 125, 1850; Newcomb,

Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1858), p. 319 [animal].
Achatinella baldwinii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155,

pi. XXIV. fig. 72.

I have seen a good series of this handsome shell.
Hab. Lanai (Newcomb) ; behind Koele (Perkins).

(31) Aniastra malleata Smith.

Amastra malleata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, P- ^5, pi. x. fio-. 18.

Mr Baldwin has united this with A. affinis Newcomb ; I have not seen a specimen,
but, from the figure and description, they appear distinct.

Hab. E. Maui, Kula (Smith).

(32) Amasti'a mastersi Newcomb.

Achatinella mastersi Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153, pi.

XXIV. fig. 67 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 332 [animal].
Laminella mastersi Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 335,

pi. XV. figs. 7, 9 — 1 1 [jaw and radula].
Amastra mastersi Newcomb, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 239 [radula].
Achatinella rubens Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1854, p. 129 [nee Gould, fide Newcomb].

Hab. Maui (Newcomb) ; ? Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins).

Two, apparently immature, specimens, which I refer here with some hesitation.
Four specimens from " Molokai Mts." appear to me to be very close to this species.

{-^■^ Amastra melanosis Newcomb.

Achatinella melanosis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144,
pi. xxiii. fig. 41.

Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb).

(34) Amastra modest a C. B. Adams.

Achatinella modesta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 128.
Achatinella pumila Guliek, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 313.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Adams). — Molokai (Hartman, Baldwin).

340 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS

(35) Amastra moesta Newcomb.

Achatinella moesta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 157, pi. xxiv.

fig- 77.
Achatinella obscura Newcomb, t. c. p. 157, pi. xxiv. fig. 78.

According to Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651), and he is followed by
Dr Hartman (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 47), these two forms are one species. Probably
this is correct.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb).

(36) Amastra mucronata Newcomb.

Achatinella mucronata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May 1853), p. 28;

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pi. xxiii. fig. 49.
Achatinella {Laminella) fusiformis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5,

pi. XXX. fig. 18.

Hab. Molokai (Newcomb, Baldwin).

Newcomb, in his later paper, gave the locality of ' Maui,' but probably this is a
slip due to the fact that he was, as he subsequently stated, unable to see the proofs.
Two specimens, collected on Molokai by Mr Perkins, appear to belong to a dwarf race.

[t,j) Amast7'a nana Baldwin.

Aitiastra nana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, ?• 232, pi. xi. figs. 48, 49 [with
animal] ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].

Hab. Maui, Makawao at 4000 feet (Baldwin).

(38) Amastra nigra Newcomb.

Achatinella nigra Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (Sept. 1855), p. 219; Amen J.
Conch. II. (1866), p. 210, pi. XIII. fig. 3.

According to Clessin (Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311) A. globosa, Gulick nee
Pfeiffer, is a synonym.

Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb).

MOLLUSC A 341

(39) Amastra mibilosa Mighels.

Achatinella nubilosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ir. (1845), P- 20; Reeve, Conch.

Icon. Achatinella, sp. i ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vr. p. 312

[animal].
Achatinella nubilosa Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. vii. fio-. 95.
Hab. Molokai (Newcomb) ; Kalae (Baldwin).

It has been suggested, but I think erroneously, that this species comes, in reality,
from Oahu.

(40) Amastra micula Smith.

Amastra nucula Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pi. x. fig. 19.
Hab. Lanai ? (Smith).

(41) Amastra peasei Smith.

Amastra peasei Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pi. x. fig. 13.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Smith). — Oahu ? (Baldwin).

(42) Amastra pellucida Baldwin.

Amastra pellucida Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 231, pi. xi. figs. 41, 42 [with

animal].
Hab. Oahu, Waianae Valley (Baldwin).

(43) Amastra petricola Newcomb.

Achatinella petricola Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143;

Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 6.
Achatinella {Laminella) umbilicata Pfeifier, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb.

1856], p. 205.
Amastra umbilicata Pfr., Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 11.

Hab. Molokai (Newcomb) ; Mapulehu (Baldwin).

(44) Amastra porphyria Newcomb.

Achatinella porphyria Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136,

pi. XXII. fig. 16.
Achatinella {Laminella) grossa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],

p. 204.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

542 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(45) Ajnastra porphyrostonia Pease.

Amastra porphyrostoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvir. (1869), p. 172 ; Hartman, P. Ac.
Philad. 1888, p. 48, pi. I. fig. 6.

Hab. Oahu (Pease).

(46) Amastra piillata Baldwin.

Amastra pullata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pi. xi. figs. 31, 32 ;

Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].
Amastra twibrosa Baldwin, t. c. p. 229, pi. xi. figs. 36, 37 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239

[radula].

After an examination of the long series collected by Mr Perkins I have been
unable to sever these two species. The animals are said to differ in colour, and they
are said to inhabit different districts ; conchologically they seem to shade into one
another, and the radula appears to be identical. Probably they will prove to be local
races.

Hab. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin, as A. rnnbrosa) ; Waikolu (Baldwin, as A.
pjtUata) ; Kamalo and Makakupaia Mts. (Perkins).

(47) Amastra pupoidea Newcomb.

Achatinella pupoidea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144,
pi. xxiii. fig. 42.

The colouring is somewhat exaggerated in the figure. See also a note under A.
ellipsoidea Gould.

Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb).

(48) Amastra pitsilla Newcomb.

Achatitiella pusilla Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 144;

Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 5.
Achatinella pidla (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],

p. 209.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb).

MOLL use A 343

(49) Amasti-a reticulata Newcomb.

Achatinella retiatlata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1S54], p. 148,

pi. XXIV. fig. 54.
Achatinellastruyn conspersa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March], p. 7,

pi. XXX. fig. 26.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

(50) Aviastra nibcns Gould.

Achatinella ritbens Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- -7 ! Newcomb, Ann. Lye.
New York, vi. p. 314 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 42,
pars b [fide Newcomb].

Hab. Oahu, W. Mts. (Newcomb) ; Kaala (Baldwin).

(51) Aj7tastra rubicitnda Baldwin.

Amastra rubicimda Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 229, pi. xi. fig. 38 [with
animal] ; Suter, t. c. p. 240, pi. xi. figs. 54 [jaw], 56 [radula].

Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui Mt. (Baldwin).

(52) Aviastra rtibida Gulick.

Amastra rubida Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pi. x. fig. 12.
Hab. Oahu, Kahuku (Gulick).

(53) Amastra sericea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Lamhiella) sericea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Pfeiffer). — ? Oahu, Waialua (Baldwin). Unknown to me.

(54) Amastra simularis Hartman.

Amastra simularis Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 252, pi. xiii. fig. 7.
Amastra similaris Hartman, Gwatkin, op. cit. 1895, p. 239 [radula].
Hab. Molokai (Hartman, Perkins); Mapulehu (Baldwin).

F. H. II. 45

344 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

var. roseotincta Sykes.

A, sinmlaris Hartman, var. roseotincta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, ii. p. 130.
Plate XI. fig. 3.

Hab. Molokai mountains (Perkins).

Varieties under the names of maura and semicarnea have recently been described
by Mons. Ancey (P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 270, pi. xiii. figs, 8, 16).

• (55) Amastra solida Pease.

Amasti-a solida Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 173.
Hab. Oahu (Pease).

(56) Amastra spirizona Ferussac.

Helix [Cochlogena) spirizona Ferussac, Prodrome, no. 433.
Achatina spirizona Yh.x., Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. clv. figs. 14, 15.
Achatinella spirizona Fen, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal].
Achatinella actita Swainson, Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, i. (1828), p. 84; Zool.

Illustr., ser. 2, pi. xcix. fig. 3.
Achatinella bcstica Mighels, MS.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin); Waianae Mts. below Kaala on lee side,
and Halemano (Perkins).

var. nigrolabris Smith.

Amastra nigrolabris Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pi. x. fig. 9.
Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Waimea (Smith) ; Halemano (Perkins).

var. rttdis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella rudis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5 (pars).

Laminella albida Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203.

Newcombia chloi'otica Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203.

Hab. Oahu.

A. nigrolabris Smith, is, in my opinion, only a broader variety, in which the light
band below the suture is wider : in a box of specimens from Halemano forms are found
showing a graduation from it to the typical form. It is possible that A. rudis may be
a distinct species, but I fancy it is only a paler colour variety. Mr Perkins notes that
he found the species "mostly on dead branches of trees, covering itself with mucus to
which debris of bark and wood stick, and therefore very well concealed."

MOLL use A 345

(57) Ajuastra stibrostrata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laminella) siibrostrata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). — ? Oahu (Baldwin).

Dr Hartman suggests that this is the same as A. albolabris Newc. ; it may possibly
be an elongate variety, but I doubt it.

(58) Amastra tenuilabris Gulick.

Amastra tenuilabris Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83, pi. x. fig. 16.

Hab. Oahu (Gulick, with some doubt).

Dr Hartman remarks that from "a comparison of types" this is a synonym oi A.
flavesccns Newc. I have, equally, examined the types, and this species differs in being
stumpier, with a larger mouth, and more shouldered whorls.

(59) Amastra temtispira Baldwin.

Amastra tenuispira Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 232, pi. xi. fig. 51.
Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mt. (Baldwin).

(60) Amastra tcxtilis Ferussac.

Helix [Helic teres) textilis Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool., p. 482.

Achatinella textilis Ferussac, Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 190, pi. xiv.

fig. G [radula].
Amastra textilis Ferussac, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 8.
Achatinella microstoma Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28.
Achatinella ventulus Ferussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 31 ; Pfeiffer

in Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, p. 287, pi. Lxvii. figs. 12, 13 [nee Ferussac].

Hab. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison, &c.).

A single specimen from Nuuanu, Oahu, appears to be a varietal form.

(61) Amastra transversalis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laminella) transversalis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb.

1856], p. 204.
United by Newcomb with A. reticulata, but appears distinct.

Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Baldwin).

45—2

346 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(62) Amastra tristis Ferussac.

Helix iyHelicteres) tristis Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 482, pi. lxviii.

figs. 6, 7.
Achatinella tristis Ferussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ac/mtinella, sp. 37 ; Pfeiffer in

Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, pi. lxvii. figs. 10 — 11 [not good].
Achatinella ftiliginosa Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28.

Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Hartman); Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin).

(63) Amastra tiiry-itella Ferussac.

Helix [Cochlogena) tttrritella Ferussac, Prodrome, No. 434 ; Voy. Freycinet,

Zool. p. 481.
Achatina t2irritella Fer., Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. CLV. fig. 13; Souleyet,

Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. p. 509, pi. xxix. figs. 7 — 8 [animal].
Achatinella tur'ritella Fer., Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal].
? Helix {Cochlogena) hiteola Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 480.
? Achatina luteola Fen, Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. clv. fig. 12.
? Laniinella luteola Fer. (sic), Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 42.
Achatina oahuensis Green, Contrib. Macl. Lye. Phil. i. (1827), p. 49, pi. iv. fig. 5.
Achatinella inornata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21.

Newcomb states that he was unable to trace the type oi A. luteola, and apparently
it is lost : Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) united it with A. turritella, and
probably this will prove to be correct.

Hab. Oahu (authors) ; Kalihi to Palolo (Baldwin) ; ridges of Nuuanu Valley
(Perkins).

(64) Amastra iindata Baldwin.

Amastra zmdata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 23°' P^- ^i- ^g- 39-
Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu (Baldwin).

(65) Amastra uniplicata Hartman.

Amastra zmiplicata Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 7.
Hab. Molokai (Hartman).

MOLLUSC A 347

(66) Aniastra variegata Pfeiffer.

Achatinclla variegata Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. flir Malak. 1849, p. 90; Conch. -Cab.

Acliatinella, p. 282, pi. lxvii. figs. 14, 15.
Amastra riibens, Reeve, pars, Conch. Icon. Acliatinella, fig. 42 a [fide Newcomb].
Acliatinella decepta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 127.
Hab. Oahu, head of Boothes Valley (Hartman) ; Waianae (Baldwin).

(67) Aniastra ventulus Ferussac.

Helix [Helicteres) ventulus Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 481.
Achatinella ventulus Ferussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 306

[animal].
Achatinclla niclampoides Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [Dec. 1853], p. 262 ;

Pfeiffer in Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, p. 288, pi. lxvii. figs. 8, 9.
Acliatinella (^Amastra) manoaensis Newc, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311.
May prove to be a Leptachatina.

Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin) ; Panoa Valley and ridges of Nuuanu
(Perkins).

(68) Amastra violacea Newcomb.

Acliatinella violacea Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 18;

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135, pi. xxii. fig. 14.
Achatinella gigantea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136, pi.

XXII. fig. 17.
These two species have been united by Pease and Dr Hartman, the latter
remarking "The only example oi gigantea ever found is in the British Museum. It
probably equals a large example of ^. violacea, Newc." Probably the locality of Maui,
given by Newcomb, was an error, as his specimen appears to be only an elongate
form of the Molokai shell. This varies very much in size and shape, as may be seen
from the following :

Alt. 34; diam. 16; alt. ap. 15 ; lat. ap. 9-5 mill.
,, 31 ; ,, 12 ; ,, ,, I 1-5 ; ,, ,,7
,, 3 ^ ' " 15'" " 13 ' " "9 "
Mr Baldwin has left A. criaantea in his list as a Maui shell, but the fact that this
diligent collector has marked it as a shell unknown to him, lends confirmation to the
view that it does not really come from that island.

Hab. Molokai, Haleakala (Newcomb) ; Mapulehu to Halawa (Baldwin) ; Halawa
and Pelekunu (Perkins).—? Maui -Sl?, A. gigantea, Haleakala (Newcomb).

348 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

subgenus Laminella Pfeiffer.

Laminella Pfr., Malak. Blatt. i. 1S54, p. 126.

Pfeiffer's original group was very heterogeneous, as was that of Pease under
this name (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 648); the latter author also proposing
Perdicella for a portion of the group. I would propose to select A. gravida Fer., the
old and well-known species, as the type.

(69) Amastra i^Larninella) alexandri Newcomb.

Achatinella alexandid Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. in. (1865), p. 182 ; Amer. J. Conch.,

II. (1866), p. 216, pi. XIII. fig. 14.
Hab. West Maui, at 7500 feet (Newcomb) ; top of West Maui (Baldwin).

(70) Amastra {^Laminella) citrma (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella citrina Mighels, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 11. (1848), p. 234; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 33 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 312
[animal].
Pease united (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) this species with A. vemista.
Conchologically, they differ in the periostracum, shape of whorls, &c., while, from the
descriptions given by Newcomb, the animals are distinct in colouration.
Hab. Molokai, Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin) ; Molokai (Perkins).

(71) Amastra [Laminella) concinna Newcomb.

Achatinella concinna Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 157,
pi. XXIV. fig. 79.

Newcomb's type was a bandless dextral shell. In the very fine series collected,
both dextral and sinistral forms occur ; black bands are either absent or present, and,
in the latter event, vary from one to even four in number.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.) ; Koele side of highest point, side of highest point
furthest from Koele, near Koele at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(72) Amastra {Laminella) depicta Baldwin.

Laminella depicta Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pi. xi. figs. 33 — 5 [animal
described].

A very fine series, shewing a range of colour from pale yellow to rich orange,
tinged with crimson ; it is sometimes dextral, but sinistral forms predominate.

Hab. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin); mountains, and above Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOLL use A 349

{^2,) Aniastra {Laminella) elongata Newcomb.

Achatinella elongata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 26.
Achatmella acuta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142 [nee
Swainson].

The figure given in P. Zool. Soc. London (1. c.) under this name does not (fide
Newcomb) represent the present species, but A. soror. Dr Hartman gives ' Makawao,
Maui ' as the habitat, but this must be an error ; further he unites the species,
erroneously in my opinion, with A. hutchinsonii Pease.

Hab. Oahu, Lehue (Newcomb) ; Waianae Mts (Baldwin).

(74) Aniastra {Laiinnella) erecta Pease.

Laminella erecta Pease, J. Conchyl., xvii. (1869), p. 174.
Close to A. viicans Pfeiffer.
Hab. Maui (Pease).

(75) Aniastra {^Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {^Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 334.
nee Amastra farcimen, Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 46, pi. i. fig. 5.

Dr Hartman states that his figure is "typical"; this is obviously incorrect as the
type is a sinistral specimen, of considerable size, while the figure represents a smaller,
dextral, shell of another group. What species his shell may belong to, I am unable to
determine, but it appears to possess no columellar plait.

Hab. Maui (Newcomb, fide Pfeiffer).

(76) Amastra {L^aininclUi) fratcrna Sykes.

Amastra fratcrna, Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Oct. 1896), p. 129.

Plate XL fig. 23.

Hab. Lanai, mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

{^'Jl^ Amastra (^Laminella) gravida Ferussac.

Helix gj^avida Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 478, pi. lxviii. figs. 4, 5.
Achatina gravida Ferussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. p. 192, pi. clv. figs. 3, 4.
Achatinella gravida Fen, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal].

350 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS

Achatinella sitffusa Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. ii.

Achatinella dimondi C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 126 (with van

lata).
The specimen described by Reeve does not now appear to exist in the Brit. Mus.
collection.

Hab. Oahu, Kalihi to Niu (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu (Perkins).

(78) Avtastra [Laiiiiiic/ia) helvina Baldwin.

Achatinella [Lajuiiiella) helvina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 227, pi. xi.

fig. 30 [shell, animal, and anatomy] ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].
Some specimens, given to Mr Perkins by Mr O. Meyer, are broader and have
more periostracum, forming a link towards A. picta.

Hab. Molokai, Ohia Valley, near Kaluaaha (Baldwin); Molokai (Perkins).

(79) Amastra [Latnitiella] hutchinsonii Pease.

Helictcr htUchinsonii Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 7.

Amastra hutchinsonii Pease, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 45, pi. i. fig. 9.

Dr Hartman suggests, I think erroneously, that this is a synonym of A. elongata
Newc.

Hab. Maui (Pease).

(80) Amastra [Laminclla) niicans Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Laniinella) niicans Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.
Ainastra niicans Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig, 10.
Dr Hartman's figure is not very good.
Hab. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison).

(81) Aniasti-a {Laniinella) picta Mighels.

Achatinella picta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye.

New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 36;

Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, p. 284, pi. lxviii. figs. 28, 29 [not very

good] ; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 335, pi. xv. fig. 6

[jaw J.
Achatinella picta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina and Makawao (Baldwin) ; Haleakala, at 4000 feet, and lao
Valley (young shells) (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 35;

var. bulbosa Gulick.

Achatinella bitlbosa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1858), p. 253, pi. viii.
fig. 71.

Newcomb placed A. bulbosa as a synonym ; it appears to me to be of varietal
rank, and to differ in being larger and in the whorls being more flattened. I fancy
the species will prove to be variable, as Mr Perkins' shells are more slender than the
series in the Museum. Specimens sent by Mr Hutchison as from 'Maui' are still
more slender, and may possibly prove to be distinct. Mighels gave, by error probably,
' Oahu.'

Hab. E. Maui, Honuaula and Kula (Gulick).

(82) Ainastra [Laininel/a] remyi Newcomb.

Achatinella remyi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), P- H^ ^
Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 215, pi. xiii. fig. 13.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb).

Only known to me from the original series in the Brit. Mas. ; Pfeiffer
(P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 207) gave Hawaii as the habitat, but probably this
was an error.

(83) Amastra {Laniinclla) sangitinea Newcomb.

Achatinella sangttinca Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135,

pi. XXII. fig. 15 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 326 [animal].
Laminella fernssaci Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 203.
Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb); Waianae and Halemano (Baldwin) ; Halemano,
Kawailoa, and Makaha Valley (dead) (Perkins).

(84) Amastra {Laminella) soror Newcomb.

Achatinella soror Newcomb, P. Zool. Soe. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. xxiii.

fig. 38 [also fig. 36, sub nom. A. acuta'].
Hab. Maui (Newcomb).

The additional locality of Lanai given, subsequently, by Newcomb, really, I think,
refers to my A. fratcrna.

F. H. II. 46

352 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(85) Amastra {Laminella) straminea Reeve.

Achatinella straminea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinelia, sp. 38 ; Newcomb, Ann.

Lye. New York, vi. p. 318 [animal].
Hab. Oahu, Panoa to Palolo (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu (Perkins).

(86) Amastra [Laminetla] tetrao Newcomb.

Achatinella tetj'ao Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 219; Ann. Lye. New
York, VI. p. 334 [animal]; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 214, pi. xiii.
figs. II, 12.
From the fine series collected it appears that the ground-colouring, under
the zigzag periostracum, varies considerably. Shades of crimson or rich orange pre-
dominate, but occasionally the colour is confined to a band below the suture, the
rest of the shell being whitish.

Hab. Lanai (Newcomb); mountains and behind Koele (Perkins).

(87) Amastra {^Laminella) veimsta Mighels.

Achatinella vetmsta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye.
New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 32;
Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 191, pi. xiv. fig. D.

Hab. Molokai, Mapulehu (Baldwin); mountains (Perkins).

Mighels gave, but erroneously, ' Oahu ' as the locality.

(88) Amastra [Laminella) villosa Sykes.

Amastra villosa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 129.
Plate XI. fig. 24.

The specimen here figured is not the one whose measurements were given in the
original diagnosis, but a slightly smaller shell whose periostracum is better preserved.

Hab. Molokai (Perkins).

subgenus Amastkella, n. subgen.

This name is proposed for a group of rotund, generally incrassated, small forms,
which have been usually placed in Amastra. I take as the type A. rugnlosa Pease.
They are nearly all natives of Kauai, but a few species are found on other islands.

MOLLUSC A 353

(89) Aniastra iyAmast^'ella) antkojiii Newcomb.
Achatinella anthonii Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), p. 93 ; Amer. J. Conch. 11.

(1866), p. 210, pi. XIII. fig. 2.

Hab. Kauai (Newcomb).

(90) Amastra [Amastre/la) antiqiia Baldwin.

Amastra antiqiia Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 233, pi. xi. fig. 47.
Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin, as fossil).

(91) Aviastra [Auiastrel/a) carinata Gulick.

Amastra carinata Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83.

Achatinella obesa var. agglutinans Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854],

p. 143, pi. XXIII. fig. 39 «.
This appears to be specifically distinct from A. obesa Newc.
Hab. W. Maui, Wailuku (Gulick).

(92) Amastra [Amastrella) cyclostoma Baldwin.

Amastra cyclostoma Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pi. xi. fig. 53 [animal

and shell].
Hab. Kauai, Makaweli (Baldwin).

(93) Amastra [Amastrella) nuclcola Gould.

Achatinella luicleola Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28.

Achatinella brevis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90.

Hab. Kauai (Newcomb); Hanalei (Baldwin).— ? Oahu, Manoa Valley (Clessin,
Nomenc. Helic. Viv.).

I feel doubtful as to this last locality : the A. njicleola Gould, of Reeve, is
A. albolabj'is Newc. (cf. p. 333).

46 — 2

354 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(94) Amastra {Amastrella) obesa Newcomb.

Achatinella obesa Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 24; t. c.
p. 329 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. xxiii. fig. 39 ;
Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 191, pi. xiv. fig. H [radula and jaw].

Hab. Maui, Makawao and Kula (Baldwin) ; Haleakala (Newcomb).

(95) Amastra i^Ainastrelld) riigidosa Pease.

Amastra riigulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 95 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 99, pi. i. fig. 4.

var. similaris Pease.

Amastra similaris Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.).
Amastra rugulosa var. similaris Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 96.

Mr Perkins' specimens are small but otherwise agree with some presented by Pease
to the British Museum. I have seen specimens collected by Mr Hutchison as from
Oahu, but think there must be an error as to the locality.

Hab. Kauai (Pease, type and var.) ; Kapaa (Baldwin) ; Lihue (Perkins). — E.
Maui, Kula (Hartman) [? an error].

(96) Amastra {Amastrella) sphaerica Pease.

Amastra sphaerica Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 94; Crosse, I.e. xxiv. (1876), p. 98, pi. i.
figs. 5, 5rt.

Hab. Kauai (Pease).

The habitat is given as "? Lanai " by both Mr Baldwin and Dr Hartman, but
I know not on what authority.

(97) Amastra {Amastrella) vctiista Baldwin.

Amastra vettista Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 10 (nom. sol.);

P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- '^11^ ?'• -'^i- %• 5°-
Hab. Oahu, near the base of Punchbowl Hill, Honolulu, fossil (Baldwin).

MOLL use A 355

siibgen. Kauaia, nom. nov.

Carinella Pfr. (1875) nee Sowerby (1839).

The type of Pfeiffer's group is A. kauaiensis Newc, : the subgeneric name was
used first by Sowerby for a different group of Molluscs. Whether A. alata and
A. helicifortnis really belong here I am not clear.

(98) Aniastra [Kauaia) alata Pfeiffer.

1 ->

JO-

Helix alata Pfeift'er, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p.

I have elsewhere (P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 127) pointed out that all authors
have overlooked the fact that this shell has a columellar plait. It is, in my opinion,
not a Helicoid at all, but belongs to an aberrant group of Amastra. The columellar
plait does not ascend rapidly into the shell, but stands almost horizontally, and has no
final 'knob.' The single specimen found by Mr Perkins measures diam. max. 8; alt. 4;
alt. apert. 3 mill.

Hab. Lanai (Pfeiffer) ; Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(99) Amastra [Kajiaia) heliciformis Ancey.

Amastra helicifonnis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 340.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(100) Amastra [Kauaia) kauaiensis Newcomb.

Achatinella kauaiensis Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vri. (April, i860),
p. 145; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 209, pi. xiii. fig. i.

Achatinella [Carinella) kauaiensis Newc, Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch, iv. p. 115,
pi. cxxvi. figs. 8 — 1 1.

A good series, principally however dead shells, of this almost extinct species.
Mr Perkins notes that one specimen was found "with embryonic shells in mouth."

Hab. Kauai (authors) ; Halemanu (Baldwin) ; Makaweli at 2000 ft. and Hale-
manu at 4000 feet (Perkins).

356 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(loi) Amastra {Katiaia) knudseni Baldwin.

Amastra knudseni Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pi. xi. figs. 43, 44.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (Baldwin, Perkins). A single specimen of this very
fine species.

The following appear to be only MS. names : Amasti^a ferrit,ginea Baldwin,
Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 9 (nom. sol.). Hab. Oahu, Ewa and Waianae
(Baldwin). — Amastra testndinea Baldwin, t. c. p. 10. Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin).

Leptachatina Gould.

Leptachatina Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 201 ; type Achatinella acuminata
Gould.

It is frequently difficult to draw the line between this group and Amastra, and
perhaps such species as A. melampoides Pfr. { = A. ventubis Per.) may eventually be
transferred to Leptachatina.

Pfeiffer proposed Labiella (Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 142) for the group with an
incrassated lip, such as A. labiata Newc, and perhaps it may, conchologically, form a
convenient section.

The species are principally from Oahu, but an elongate and generally striate group
characterizes the older Islands, such as Kauai.

(i) Leptachatina accincta Mighels.

Achatina accincta (err. typ.) Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. loi.
nee Achatinella accincta Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 97.
Achatinella gj-anifera Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 185, pi. vi.

%• '3 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 5.
Achatinella {Leptachatina) margarita Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 206.

Gulick admitted (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 91) the identity of his species
with Pfeiffer's. If Mighels' dimensions and description are accurate, I think the above
identification will prove correct. The shell figured by Gould does not appear to be
Mighels' species. See also a note under L. grana Newc.

Hab. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer) ; Keawaawa (Gulick).

MOLLUSC A 357

(2) Leptachatina acwninata Gould.

Achatinella acuminata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), P- 200; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 100.

Plate XII. figs. 13, i3«.

The type of the genus ; the radula is figured from a dissection by Lt.-Col. H. H.
Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.

Hab. Kauai (Gould); Hanalei (Baldwin); Kaholuamano (Perkins).

(3) Leptachatina antiqua Pease.

Leptachatina antiqiui Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 94 ; Crosse, J. Conchyl. xxiv. p. 98, pi. iii. fig. 6.
Leptachatina antiquata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 87 [err. typ.].
Hab. Kauai (Pease); Mana (Baldwin).

(4) Leptachatina approxinians Ancey.

Leptachatina approximans Ancey, Naturaliste, 1897, P- 222.
Hab. Waianae, Oahu (Ancey).

(5) Leptachatina arborea, n. sp.

Testa ovato-oblonga, turrita, tenuis vel tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, cornea, longitudina-
liter levissime striatula ; anfr. 6 — 7, plano-convexi, ultimus | altitudinis testae
aequans ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura quadrato-ovata, margine dextro subincras-
satulo, columellari verticali, incrassato, reflexo, plica parva vix conspicua munito.
Alt. 8; diam. 3-6 mill. Plate XI. fig. 21.

The plica is very inconspicuous; the colour becomes lighter in adult specimens, and
then the polished, transparent gloss disappears and the shell becomes of a straw colour.
Over thirty specimens were collected by Mr Perkins ; they vary slightly in shape, a
few being broader in proportion to the length, and having more inflated whorls.
Mr Baldwin sends me the following note: "It is found on the Candle-nut tree
[Aleurites mohtccana), among the leaves of the Bird-nest fern {Asplcniuvi nidus), some-
times at a height of 30 or 40 feet. All the other known species of Leptachatina are
terrestrial — under rocks or on dead leaves and decaying wood."

Hab. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins); Olaa, Hilo (Baldwin).

358 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Leptachatina balteata Pease.

Leptachatina balteata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 91 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1S76), p. 96, pi. iv. fig. 4.

Four, apparently immature, specimens ; they approach this species very closely
save that they do not possess the colour band, and the last whorl measures just over,
rather than under, half the length of the shell. As the species is only known to me
from description and figure, I think it safer to refer them here with a query than to
describe them.

Hab. Kauai (Pease); Wahiawa (Baldwin); at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(7) Leptachatina brcznciila Pease.

Leptachatina brevicula Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 169.

Only known to me from the description. The specimens, while slightly larger
than the dimensions stated by Pease, agree well with the proportions given. The
plait, which he states is '" valida, fere transversa^' seems to vary much in size and
prominence.

Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(8) Leptachatina [Labie/la] ca//osa Pteiffer.

Achatinella [Labie/Ia] callosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856 [1857], p. 334.
Only known to me from the unique type in the British Museum.
Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer).

(9) Leptachatina ccrealis Gould

Achatinella cerealis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1S47), p. 201 ; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pi. \ii. fig. 99; Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig. 13.
Two specimens only, which, if not this species, are probably undescribed.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Gould) ; Waianae Mts. below Kaala (Perkins).

(10) Leptachatina chrysallis Pfeiffer.

Achatina chrysallis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 99.

This species has been united with L. obtusa Newc, by Mr Baldwin, but appears
to me to be quite distinct ; the habitat he gives of ' Wahiawa to Kawailoa, Oahu '
probably really refers to L. obtusa.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

MOLL use A 359

(ii) Leptachatina cingiila Mighels.

Achatinella cingula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ii. (1845), p. 21.

Leptachatina cingula Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig. 14.

Achatinella {^Leptachatina) diviidiata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 205.

The L. cingula Mighels is unknown to me ; I quote the following from Mr
Hartman, "Achatinella dimidiata Pfeiffer, equals cingula Migh. in coll. Newcomb ex
Auct. The figure of this shell in Chemnitz [i.e. Conch. -Cab. Bulimacea, pi. lxvii.
figs. 5 — 7J does not represent the species, but equals an Amastra"

Hab. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer) ; Halemano, Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

(12) Leptachatina clausina Mighels.

Bitlinms clausimis Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20.

Leptachatina clausiana (sic) Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 52.

Unknown to me.

Hab. Hawaii (Mighels).

(13) Leptachatina columna Ancey.

Leptachatina columna Ancey, Naturaliste, 1889, p. 266; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc.
London, in. pi. xiii. fig. 18.

Near L. cJirysallis Pfr.

Hab. Oahu (Ancey).

(14) Leptachatina compact a Pease.

Labiella conipacta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 172.

The specimens appear to agree with Pease's description ; the species has not been
figured.

Hab. Maui (Pease) ; E. Maui (Baldwin) ; Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(15) Leptachatina conicoides, sp. nov.

Testa conico-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea, apud suturas
crenulata ; anfr. 6, ultimus f altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura subimpressa ; apertura
subverticalis, sinuato-oblonga, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari reflexo,

F. H. II. 47

36o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

adnato, plica obliqua, parva, compressa munito, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Alt.
7-5 ; diam. 3-5 mill.

Plate XL fig. 26.

A somewhat conic shell, in which, when adult, the columella plait becomes incon-
spicuous. One adult and three young specimens.

Hab. Molokai (Perkins).

(16) Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov.

Testa turrita, elongata, gracilis, tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, brunneo-cornea, laevis, polita,
nitida, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6|, convexi, turgiduli, ultimus ^^g- altitudinis testae aequans ;
sutura bene impressa ; apertura pyriformis, margine columellari sinuato, plica minima
munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. Alt. 8 ; diam. 2 '8 mill.

Plate XI. fig. II.

A shell of the group of L. exilis Gulick, but with more inflated whorls, slightly
more tapering towards the apex, and the mouth not so drawn out to the right. Three
specimens.

Hab. Oahu, Waiolani (Perkins).

( 1 7) Leptachatina corneola Pfeiffer.

Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p- 90.
Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 4.

Hab. Oahu ? (Baldwin) ; Oahu, one young specimen (Hutchison).

(18) Leptachatina coruscans Hartman.

Leptachatina cornscans Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 52, pi. i. fig. 16.

A variable shell in thickness and colouration.

Hab. Molokai (Hartman) ; Kamalo (Baldwin) ; Kapanui, Kolamaula, and at
4000 ft. (Perkins).

(19) Leptachatina costulata Gulick.

Achatinella costulata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 177, pi. vi.
fig- 5 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 4.

Newcomb united this shell with L. semicostata Pfeiffer, but Gulick's type is much
more slender than that species, the mouth is of a different shape, and other minor
differences exist, all leading me to regard it as a good species.

Hab. Oahu, Pupukea, Waimea, and Kawailoa (Gulick).

MOLLUSC A 361

(20) Leptachatina costulosa Pease.

Leptacliatina costulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 90 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. p. 96, pi. in. fig. 4.

Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea and Kealia (Baldwin).

(21) Leptachatina ciystal/ina Gulick.

Achatinella crystallina Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 186, pi. vi.

fig. 14.
Newcomb united this species with his L. nitida.
Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia, Kamoo, Waialua (Gulick).

(22) Leptachatina cmerita, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, subcylindrica, imperforata, dextrorsa, cornea vel hyalina vel
flava, tenuiuscula, sub lente longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6^,
plano-convexi, ultimus |- altitudinis testae fere aequans ; sutura impressa, marginata ;
apertura ovata, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica parva
inconspicua ascendente munito. Alt. 8 ; diam. 3 '5 mill.

Plate XL fig. 10.

Variable in colour, shading from brown to a hyaline tint ; adult specimens lose
their gloss and become of a straw-yellow. The columellar plait is small and incon-
spicuous.

Hab. Molokai, Kalamaula, and at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(23) Leptachatina exilis Gulick.

Achatinella exilis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1S56), p. 188, pi. vi. fig. 16

[bad]; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 18.
Leptachatina cylindrata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 168; P. Zool. Soc.

London, 1869, p. 650 (nom. sol.).
Remarkable though the distribution may be, I am unable, after a comparison of
Gulick's type with specimens of L. cylindrata presented by Pease to the British
Museum, to sever these two species.

Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick).— Kauai (Pease) ; at 4000 feet (Perkins).

47—2

62 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(24) Leptachatina extensa Pease.

Leptachatina extensa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 92.

Four specimens, agreeing fairly well with Pease's diagnosis, are referred to this
species.

Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kaholuamano (Perkins).

(25) Leptachatina fiiniida Gulick.

Achatinclla fnmida Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 181, pi. vi. fig. 9 ;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 15.

Newcomb united this with his L. vitrea, but they appear to me to be quite
distinct.

Hab. Oahu, Waialei, Pupukea, Waimea, Kawailoa, Halemano (Gulick).

(26) Leptachatina fumosa Newcomb.

Achatinclla fumosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov.], p. 140,
pi. x.xiii. fig. 28.

Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb) ; Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins). Only a single
specimen.

(27) Leptachatina fusca Newcomb.

Achatinella fusca Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 28; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov.], p. 145, pi. xxiii. fig. 44.

Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb).

(28) Leptachatina fuscida Gulick.

Achatinella fuscula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 180, pi. vi. fig. 8.
Hab. Oahu, mountain forests of Mokuleia (Gulick).

MOLL USCA 363

(29) Leptachatina glutinosa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella i^Laminelld) glutinosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856,

Feb.], p. 204.
Achatinella lacrima Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856, Dec), p. 176, pi. vi.

fig. 4 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 10.
Hab. Oahu, Lihue, Kalaikoa, Wahiawa, Halemano, Peula (Gulick) ; Waianae
Mts., below Kaala (Perkins). Only a single specimen.

(30) Leptachatina gracilis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Achatinellastnnn) gracilis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,

pi. xx.x. fig. 22.
Achatinella elevata (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, t. c. [1856, Feb.], p. 209.
Achatinella siibula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. [1856, Dec], p. 191, pi. vi.

fig. 19; Sykes, P. Malac Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 16.
Gulick's species appears to be a bandless and slightly more attenuate variety.
Hab. Oahu (various authors) ; Palolo Valley (Gulick) ; Kaala (Baldwin) ;
Waianae Mts., below Kaala, lee side (Perkins).

(31) Leptachatina grana Newcomb.

Achatinella grana Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29 ; P. Zool. Soc

London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pi. xxiii. fig. 46.
Leptachatina grana Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x.

p. 336 [radula].
The types of this species have met with an accident and are entirely broken.
Newcomb believed that L. granifera Gulick [= /-• accincta Mighels] was a
synonym, but I feel doubtful of this.

Hab. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb) ; Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(32) Leptachatina guttnla Gould.

Achatinella guttnla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 201 ; U. S. Explor.

Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 98.
Achatinella gummea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 182, pi. vi.

fig. 10; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. i.
Achatinella fragi lis Gulick, t. c. p. 183, pi. vi. fig. ( i ; Sykes, t. c pi. xiv. fig. 2.
Newcomb united — I think correctly — the two Gulickian species with Gould's ;
Mr Baldwin has, however, in his 'Catalogue' allowed them specific rank.

Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia, Lihue, Punaluu, Hauula, Halemano (Gulick).— Maui (Gould).

364 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

^}i'-i) Leptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, flavido-cornea, sub lente
longitudinaliter minute striata ; anfr. 6^, plano-convexi, ultimus f altitudinis testae
aequans ; sutura impressa ; apertura elongato-ovalis, margine dextro arcuato, acuto,
columellari incrassatulo, reflexo, plica minima, inconspicua munito, marginibus callo
tenui junctis. Alt. 7 ; diam. 2 '6 mill.

Plate XI. fig. 9.

Only a single specimen. It recalls L. exilis of Gulick, but is more conic — i.e. the
upper whorls are narrower in proportion — and is of a light straw-yellow. The
columellar plait is deeply-seated and inconspicuous.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(34) Leptachatiiia impressa Sykes.

Leptacliatina hnpi'essa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1S96), p. 127.
Plate XI. ficr. 8.

Hab. Lanai, Mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

(35) Leptachatina isthmica Ancey.

Leptachatina isthinica Anc&y, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 270; Sykes,
t. c. pi. XIII. fig. 20.

Hab. Maui, Sand Hills between East and West Maui, subfossil (Ancey).

(36) Leptachatina konaensis, sp. nov.

Testa elongato-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea vel pallide cornea,
longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6, planati, ultimus |- altitudinis
testae aequans ; sutura impressa, marginata ; apertura sinuato-ovata, columella arcuata,
margine dextro intus subcalloso, columellari subreflexo, plica mediocri ascendente
munito. Alt. 8 ; diam. 4 mill.

Plate XI. fig. 13.

Akin to L. simplex Pease, but is much more swollen and inflated. Six specimens.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 365

{tjI^ Leptachatina i^Labielld) labiata Newcomb.

Achatinella labiata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 27; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141, pi. xxiii. fig. ^-^^ ; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad.
1895, p. 239 [radula].
Achatinella lagena Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 175, pi. vi. fig. 3 ;

Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi xiv. fig. 9.
Achatinella dentata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 7, pi. xxx. fig. 27.
I follow Newcomb in including Gulick's species, but the latter's type does not
fully shew the thickening on the columellar wall, nor the denticle on the outer lip.

Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb) ; Halemano, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa (Gulick) ;
Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(38) I^eptachatina laevis Pease.

Leptachatina laevis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.);
J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 91 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 96, pi. iv. fig. 6.
Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea (Baldwin).

(39) Leptachatina Iciicoclnla Gulick.

Achatinella leucochila Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 173, pi. vi.

fig. I ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 12.
Newcomb united this with L. pyramis Pfr. ; I think it is quite distinct
specifically.

Hab. Kauai (Gulick).

(40) Leptachatina lineolata Newcomb.

Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool.

Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pi. xxiii. fig. 29.
The real habitat seems somewhat uncertain ; Newcomb originally gave Maui,
subsequently Hawaii, which is more probably correct.

Hab. Maui (Newcomb and Hartman).— Hawaii (Newcomb and Baldwin).

(41) Leptachatina lucida Pease.

Leptachatina lucida Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 93.
Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kealia (Baldwin).

366 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(42) Leptachatina marginata Gulick.

Achatinella marginata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 179, pi. vi.

fig- 7-
United by Newcomb with L. succincta Newc, but the present species is smaller
and more slender.

Hab. Oahu, Kalaikoa (Gulick).

(43) Leptachatina nitida Newcomb.

Achatinella nitida Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 29;

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140.
Leptachatiiia nitida Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 336,

pi. XV. fig. 8 [radula].

The figure given by Newcomb (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, pi. xxiii. fig. 30)
apparently has been taken by error from some other shell, and does not represent this
species. The form found by Mr Perkins appears to be a variety.

Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb). — Maui and Oahu (Hartman). — Oahu, Mt Kaala
(Perkins).

(44) Leptachatina obsoleta Pfeiffer.

Spii^axis obsoleta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335.

A species of the group of L. sandiuicensis. Mr Perkins found a single young shell
on ' Haleakala at 5000 feet,' Maui, which may be the young of this species.
Hab. ? Oahu (Baldwin).

(45) Leptachatina obtnsa (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella obtusa Newcomb, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 209.

Mr Baldwin has suggested that this species is identical with L. chrysallis Pfeiffer,
but I cannot agree with him.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands. — ? Oahu (Baldwin).

(46) Leptachatina octogyrata Gulick.

Achatinella octogyrata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 190, pi. vi.

fig. 18 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 7.
Newcomb placed it as a synonym of L. obclavata, Pfr. [ = Z. sandwicensis Pfr.].
Hab. Oahu, Palolo Valley (Gulick).

MOLLUSC A 367

(47) Leptachatina oryza Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Leptachatina) oryza Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.],

p. 206.
Achatinella triticea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856, Dec), p. 184, pi. vi.

fig. 12; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 8.
Hab. Oahu, subfossil (Pfeiffer) ; Keawaawa (Gulick).

(48) Leptachatina {Labiella) pachystoma Pease.

Labiella pachy stoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 171.
I am not sure if this be a true Labiella.
Hab. Kauai (Pease).

(49) Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes.

Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128.

Plate XI. fig. 30.

Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(50) Leptachatina petila Gulick.

Achatinella petila Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 189, pi. vi. fig. 17 ;

Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 14.
United by Newcomb with L. fusca Newc, but appears to me to be quite
distinct.

Hab. E. Oahu, Koko (Gulick).

(51) Leptachatina pyramis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella pyramis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90 ; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 41 [good].
Appears from its form to be an Oahu species, and I am not sure that Pease's
localization will prove correct.
Hab. Kauai (Pease).
F. H. II. 48

368 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(52) Leptachatina resinula Gulick.

Achatinella resinula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1S56), p. 174, pi. vi. fig. 2 ;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 11.

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa, Waialei, and other localities (Gulick).

(53) Leptachatina saccula Hartman.

Achatinella {Leptachatina) saccula Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55, pi. i.

fig- 15-
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Hartman).

(54) Leptachatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer.

Achatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846 [May], p. 32.
Achatinella {Leptachatina) obclavata Pfeiffer, Op. cit. 1855 [July], p. 98.
Leptachatina octavula Paetel, Clessin, Nomenc. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 316.

Pfeiffer placed his Achatina sandwicensis in the synonymy of L. accincta Mighels ;
the above identification is from an examination of Pfeiffer's types.

Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer) ; Waianae Mts. (Perkins). One young specimen only.

(55) Leptachatina saxatilis Gulick.

Achatinella saxatilis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 187, pi. vi.

fig. 15 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 17.
Leptachatina saxitilus Gulick, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55.

Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia (Gulick).

(56) Leptachatina sculpta Pfeiffer.

Achatina sctdpta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 211.
Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer) ; (Hutchison, one specimen).

(57) Leptachatina scutilus Mighels.

Bulimus scutilus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- 20.
Hab. Oahu (Mighels).

MOLL use A 369

(58) Leptackatina semicostata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Leptachatina) semicostata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856,
Feb.], p. 206.

Dr Hartman remarks (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) " Dr Newcomb thinks it
questionable if this species be not a synonym of L. fusca Newc." ; it is quite distinct.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

(59) Leptackatina semipicta Sykes.

Leptackatina semipicta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128.

Plate XI. fig. 12.

Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(60) Leptackatina simplex Pease.

Leptackatina simplex Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvii. 1869, p. 170.

Dr Hartman notes (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) that "Examples L. nitida Newc.
(coll. Newc.) and L. simplex Pse. (coll. Pse.) are similar." There must be some error
here, as specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum are quite distinct from
L. nitida Newc. ; further, Newcomb's species does not come from Hawaii.

Hab. Hawaii (Pease) ; Kona, at 3000 — 4000 feet (Perkins).

(61) Leptackatina smitki Sykes.

Leptackatina smitki Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128.

Plate XI. fig. 29.

Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(62) Leptackatina stiria Gulick.

Leptackatina stiria Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pi. vi. fig. 2.
Hab. Oahu, Halemano, Peula, Kawailoa (Gulick).

48—2

370 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(63) Leptachatina striata Newcomb.

Tornatellina striata Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), p. 93.
From the description this appears to be close to L. hicida Pease.
Hab. Kauai (Newcomb).

(64) Leptachatina striatella Gulick.

Achatinella striatella Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 178, pi. vi. fig. 6 ;

Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 19.
United by Newcomb with L. fiisca Newc, but appears to me to be distinct.
Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick).

(65) Leptachatina striatula Gould.

Achatinella striatula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28.

Achatinella clara Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846, Jan.], p. 90; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 5.

A nice series, shewing both the form with the sutural band and the unicolorous
variety.

Hab. Kauai (various authors); Makaweli, Kaholuamano, Lihue, and at 4000 ft.
(Perkins).

(66) Leptachatina succincta Newcomb.

Achatinella succincta Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 220; Amer. J. Conch.

II. (1866), p. 213, pi. xiii. fig. 7.
Leptachatina succinata Newcomb, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55 (err. typ.).

Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb) ; Halemano (Perkins). One specimen only.

(67) Leptachatina supracostata, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuis, cornea, polita ; anfr. 8,
ultimus ^ longitudinis testae fere aequans, primi apud suturas subcostulati, reliqui
fere laeves ; sutura impressa, marginata, linea spirali notata ; apertura lunata, columella
sub-arcuata ; margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica minima
oblique torta munito. Alt. 6*3 ; diam. 2 mill.

Plate XI. fig. 22,

MOLLUSC A 371

Only two specimens. It belongs to the group of L. exilis Gulick ; is in-
conspicuously costulate below the suture, the sculpture gradually fading out, until the
last whorl hardly shews any marking beyond the lines of growth. There is a faint
spiral line just below the suture.

Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(68) Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease.

Labiella tenebrosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.).
Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 92 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv.

(1876), p. 96, pi. III. fig. 5-
Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Wahiawa (Baldwin) ; Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet
(Perkins).

(69) Leptachatina tenuicostata Pease.

Leptachatina temticostata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 170.
Hab. Hawaii (Pease). — Oahu (Baldwin).

I feel doubts as to the accuracy of the last locality, as Mr Baldwin marks it as a
species he has not seen.

(70) Leptachatina terebralis Gulick.

Achatinella terebralis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 193. P^- vi.

fig. 21 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 3.
Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa (Gulick); Waianae Mts., below Kaala (Perkins).

(71) Leptachatina teres Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {Leptachatina) teres Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856],

p. 206.
Near L. obtusa Newcomb.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands.

(72) Leptachatina turgidula Pease.

Labiella ttirgidula Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.).
Leptachatina turgidula Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 89; Crosse, 1. c. xxiii.

(1876), p. 96, pi- IV. fig. 5-
Hab. Kauai (Pease); Halemanu (Baldwin); Makaweli (Perkins). Five

specimens.

372 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

{j-^ Leptachatina turrita Gulick.

Achatinella turrita Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 192, pi. vi. fig. 20 ;

Sykes, P. Make. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 6.
United by Newcomb with L. obclavata Pfr. [=^. sandivicensis Pfr.], but
L. turrita is a broader and stouter shell, of a darker colour.

Hab, Oahu, Lihue (Gulick).

(74) Leptachatina vana sp. nov.

Testa pyramidato-conica, dextrorsa, imperforata, tenuiuscula, brunneo-cornea, nitida,
sub lente obsolete longitudinaliter striata, sutura marginata ; anfr. 8, lente accrescentes,
ultimus I altitudinis testae aequans ; apertura pyriformis, margine dextro acuto,
columellari sub-reflexo, sinuato, plica mediocri munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo
junctis. Alt. 7-8; diam. 3-9 mill. Plate XL fig. 27.

Four specimens of a brownish-horny, pyramidal shell, which has no striking
characteristics.

Hab. Oahu, Mt. Kaala (Perkins).

(75) Leptachatina vitrea Newcomb.

Achatinella vitrea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142, pi. xxiii.

fig- 34-
Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb).

(76) Leptachatina vitreola Gulick.

Achatinella vitreola Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pi. vi. fig. 23.
Achatinella parvti la Gulick, t. c. p. 195, pi. vi. fig. 24; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc.

London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 13.
Both were united by Newcomb with his L. grana ; they appear to me to be quite
distinct from that species.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Gulick) ; W. Maui (Baldwin for L. parvula).

MOLLUSC A 373

Thaanumia Ancey.

Tliaamiviia oiuphalodes Ancey.

Thaanumia omphalodes Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 269, pi. xii.

fig. 8.
The type, and only, species.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mountains (Ancey).

Carelia H. and A. Adams.

Carelia H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, 11. (Feb. 1855) p. 132.

This interesting genus, confined to Kauai save for one species on the Island of
Niihau, was described by Messrs H. and A. Adams, with no named type.

The anatomy has been described by Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, who
points out that it agrees in general with the Amastra group, but differs in having a
costate jaw.

(i) Carelia bicolor Jay.

Achat ina bicolor Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. in. (1839), p. 119, pi. vi. fig. 3.
Carelia bicolor Jay, Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, pi. vi. [anatomy].
Achatina adusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 26.

Carelia adusta Gould, var. angulata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 403.
Achatina fuliginea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 [1854], p. 66; Conch.-

Cab. Achatina, p. 267, pi. xliii. figs. 21, 22.
Hab. Kauai (various authors).

(2) Carelia cochlea Reeve.

Achatina cochlea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 5.

The spiral sculpture is nearly obsolete in some specimens ; I have seen one
measuring 61 mill, in length.

Hab. Kauai (various collectors).

(3) Carelia cuiningiana Pfeiffer.

Spiraxis cumingiana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 106, pi. xxxii. fig. i.
Hab. Kauai (Pfeiffer, &c.).

374 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Carelia dolei Ancey.

Carelia dolei Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 328.
Hab. Kauai, Hanalei (Ancey) ; Haena, subfossil (Baldwin).

(5) Ca7'elia glutinosa Ancey.

Carelia glutinosa Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), P- 324-
Hab. Probably Kauai. Unknown to me.

(6) Carelia olivacea Pease.

Carelia olivacea Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 293.

Carelia variabilis Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 402 [with var. vitadis'];
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 473.

I do not quite follow why Pease described C variabilis, when, in the same paper,
he stated that it and C. olivacea were varieties of one species.

Hab. E. Kauai (Pease).

(7) Carelia paradoxa Pfeiffer.

Spiraxis paradoxa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 128.
Differs from all others known to me in its strongly granulated surface.
Hab. Kauai.

(8) Carelia sinclairi Ancey.

Carelia sinclairi Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 720.
Hab. Niihau, subfossil (Ancey).

(9) Carelia tuj-ricula Mighels.

Achatina turriciila Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20.

Carelia turricula Mighels, Kobelt, J. B. Malak. Ges. 11. (1875), p. 225, pi. vii.

fig- I-
Achatina obeliscus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 129.
Achatina newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 185 1 [1853], p, 262.

Hab. Kauai, Hanalei (Baldwin, Perkins).

MOLL use A 375

AuRicuLELLA Pfeiffer.

Aurictdella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. i ; Mai. Blatt. 11. p. 3.
The type appears to be the Partula auricula Fer.

(i) Auriculella amditsta Pease.

Auriculella ambusta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 345,
Probably the locality suggested by Mr Baldwin is correct.
Hab. Oahu 1 (Baldwin).

(2) Auriculella auricula Fer.

Partula auricula Ferussac, Prodr. p. 66, no. 6 ; Voy. de Freycinet, Zool.

p. 486.
Auricula owaihiensis Chamisso, Nov. Act. Leop. xiv. (1829), p. 639, pi. xxxvi.

fig. I.
Auricula sinistrorsa Chamisso, torn. cit. p. 640, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2 [spec. juv.].
Partula dumartroyi Souleyet, Rev. Zool. v. (1842), p. 102.
Bulimus armatns Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19.

This species varies greatly in size and shape ; it is generally unicolorous, varying,
from nearly white, through shades of yellow and green, to brownish green ; a few
specimens have a single brown band.

Hab. Oahu, Mount Tantalus, Mount Kaala, Halemano, Head of Kawailoa
Gulch (Perkins).

(3) Auriculella brnnnca Smith.

Auriculella brtmnea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pi. x. fig. 23;
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Two Lanai specimens have a single darker band at the periphery ; others are
unicolorous.

Hab. Molokai and Lanai (Smith); Molokai, Kalamaula, also Lanai, behind
Koele (Perkins).

F. H. II. 49

376 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Auriailella cerea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella cerea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx. fig. 21.
Pease has suggested (J. Conchyl. xvi. p. 343) that this is identical with A. petitiana
Pfeiffer ; he is not improbably correct, but I have only seen the single type specimen.
Hab. Molokai (Nevill, fide specimens from Newcomb).

(5) Auriculella chamissoi Pfeiffer.

Achatinella [Auriculella) chamissoi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 98.
Hab. Oahu (Baldwin). — Hawaii (fide tablet in Brit. Mus.).

(6) Auriculella crassula Smith.

Auriculella crasstda Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pi. x. fig. 22.
Auriculella ponderosa Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 225.

Hab. Maui, Makawao (Baldwin) ; lao Valley, Olinda, and Haleakala at 4000 feet
(Perkins).

(7) Auriculella diaphana Smith.

Auriculella diaphana Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 25.
Auriculella patula Smith, torn. cit. p. 88, pi. x. fig. 24.

Hab. Oahu, various localities (Smith) ; Mount Tantalus, and head of Panoa
Valley (Perkins).

(8) Auriculella expansa Pease.

Auriculella expansa Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 343, pi. xiv. fig. 8.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pease). — Probably Maui (Ancey). — Kauai (Baldwin).

(9) Auriculella lurida Pfeiffer.

Tornatellina castanea Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. in. (1853), p. 524.
Achatinella (Auriculella) lurida Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 570.

Pfeiffer re-named the species, apparently to avoid confusion with Achatinella
castanea Reeve.

Hab. Maui ? (Baldwin). — Oahu, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 377

(lo) Auriculella newconibi Pfeiffer.

Balea neivcovibi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. 1852- [1S54], p. 67.
AchatineUa obeliscus Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 11. (1855), p. 166.
Hab. Molokai, Kalamaula (Perkins).

(11) Auriculella obliqua Ancey.

Auriadella obliqua Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1S92), p. 721 ; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 17.

Appears to be very near A. a))ibiista Pease.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).

(12) Auriculella perkinsi sp. nov.

Testa subperforata, elongato-conica, brunnea aut corneo-brunnea, linea brunnea
ad peripheriam saepe notata, nitida ; anfr. 6 — 6^, planiusculi, ultimus f altitudinis
testae aequans ; apertura auriformis, intus brunnea, margine parietali lamina obliqua
intrante, columellari lamina volvente munitis; peristoma leviter reflexum, incrassatulum.
Alt. 8 ; lat. 4 mill.

Plate XI. figs. 17, 18.

van a. Magis elongata et tenuior, flavida, peristomate albido.

I cannot identify this species with any of the numerous varieties of A. atiric7ila,
and therefore describe it. It is very variable in colour, shading from rich brown to
light yellow : when brown the band — if present — is yellowish, and conversely. The
lip varies in colour from dark brown to white. It is a fairly thin shell and appears to
be common.

Hab. Oahu, ridges round Nuuanu, and Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

(13) Auriculella petitiana Pfeiffer.

Tornatellina petitiana Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. Malak. iv. (1847), p. 149 ; Kuster, Conch. -
Cab. Tornatellina, p. 153, pi. xviii. figs. 24, 25.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands.
See a note under A. cerea.

49—2

378 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(14) Auriculella perpusilla Smith.

Auriadella perptisilla Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 26.
Hab. Oahu, Kahalu (Smith).

(15) Auriculella pule hr a Pease.

Auriculella pulchra Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 346, pi. xiv. fig. 6.

Specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum under this name do not
quite agree with his diagnosis, and his figure appears to have been drawn from a
variety which he notes, and not the type form. I have followed the identified specimens ;
possibly it is a variable species, or an error may have occurred in translating his paper.

Hab. Oahu (authors); Mount Tantalus and Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(16) Auriculella tenella Ancey.

Auriculella tenella Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(17) Auriculella tenuis Smith.

Auriculella tenuis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 27.
Mons. Ancey has described (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 230) a var. solida.
Hab. Oahu, various localities (Smith).

(18) Auriculella triplicata Pease.

Auriculella triplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 346.
Hab. Maui (Hartman). — Oahu, Tantalus and Panoa (Baldwin).

(19) Auriculella utiiplicata Pease.

Auriculella uniplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 344, pi. xiv. fig. 7.
Hab. Maui (Pease) ; West Maui (Baldwin). — ^Molokai, Kalamaula, and above
Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 379

(20) Auriculella westerlundimia Ancey.

Auriculella wesier/iindiana hncay, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 218;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 21.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, and Waimea (Ancey) ; Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa
(Perkins).

Insufficiently known or erroneously recorded species.

The following appear to be only manuscript names : Jucunda Smith ; solida
Gulick ; solidissima Smith (confer Ann. Lye. New York, x. pp. 331 — 2).

Bulimus pumicatus MigheLs, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 19.

Hab. Oahu.

Probably this is really an Aiirimlella ; I am totally unacquainted with it.

Partula pusilla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca,
pi. VII. fig. 90.

This species has been referred to Aurictdella, and consequently a Hawaiian
habitat has been suggested for it ; it is really, however, a Tornatellina and was
described from Metia [ = Mata].

Frickella Pfeiffer.
Frickella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2 ; Mai. Blatt. 11. p. 3.

Frickella ainoena Pfeiffer.

Achatinella {^Frickella) amoena Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx.
fig- 3-

This aberrant species appears to be a link between Achatinella and Tornatellina.
The single young shell, found by Mr Perkins, does not quite agree with the type, as
the whorls are flatter, but I am unable to sever it specifically.

Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui (Baldwin) ; Halemano (Perkins).

38o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

TORNATELLINIDAE.

TORNATELLINA Beck.

Beck (Index Moll. 1837, p. 80) proposed this name as a subgenus oi Achatina, and
placed in it four species, all of them undiagnosed. Pfeiffer in 1841 (Symb. Hist. Helic.
pt. 2, p. 5) diagnosed the genus and gave (p. 130) a list of species. Previously to this
Anton had proposed (1839) Strobilus, but in considering his claims it should be borne
in mind that Strobila had twice previously been used in Zoology.

The Hawaiian species appear to be but little understood : the only attempt at
figuring them was made by Gould, whose six figures, under one name, represent three
different species.

I have endeavoured to avoid the creation of synonyms by a careful study of the
descriptions and measurements given by the various authors. The habitat in the case
of these very small shells is not always reliable, as they are very liable to be transported
with plants, &c.

( 1 ) Tornatellina baldwini Ancey.

Tornatellina baldwitti Anc&y, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 238.
Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey) ; Waianae Mts. (Perkins). — Kauai (Baldwin).

(2) Tornatellina compact a sp. nov.

Testa perforata, ovata, brunneo-cornea, nitidula, tenuis ; spira curta, apice obtusulo ;
anfr. 5 — 5^, lineis incrementi bene notati, convexiusculi, regulariter et lente crescentes,
sutura bene impressa ; apertura ovato-pyriformis, lamina unica pygmaea volventi.
interdum praedita ; peristoma simplex, margine columellari reflexo et expanso.
Alt. 2'2, diam. I'l mm.

Plate XL fig. I.

A compressed, compact little form, the aperture measuring about |- of the length ;
the whorls are somewhat convex.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 2000 feet, on hilo grass (Perkins).

(3) Tornatellina confiisa sp. nov.

Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pi. VII. figs. 104 a — c.

See for remarks under Tornatellina peponum Gould ; this is the edentulous form
figured by him.

Hab. Kauai, Makaweli (Perkins).

MOLLUSC A 381

(4) TornatcUitia cylindrica sp. nov.

Testa elongata, cylindrica, cornea, perforata ; anfr. 5 — 5^, convexiusculi, striatuli,
ultimus rotundatus, |- altitudinis testae aequans, sutura impressa ; apertura ovata vel
lunaris, lamellam in pariete gerens ; columella incrassata, albida, contorta, interdum
denticulo mediocri munita. Alt. 2 '2, lat. vix i mm.

Plate XI. fig. 28.

This species may be distinguished from the true T. pepomun, by its smaller size
and more slender shape.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins). — Kauai, Makaweli, one specimen (Perkins).

(5) Tornatcllina dentata Pease.

Tornatellina dentata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.
I identify Mr Perkins' specimens with some doubt ; if not this species they
belong to no other recorded Hawaiian form.

Hab. Hawaii (Pease) ; Puna (Baldwin) ; Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(6) Tornatellina euryomphala Ancey.

Tornatellina euryomphala Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 239.
Not found by Mr Perkins ; I have specimens from another source, without indica-
tion as to which island they come from.
Hab. W. Maui (Ancey).

(7) Tornatellina extinct a Ancey.

Tornatellina extinda Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 341.
Hab. Central Maui, subfossil (Ancey).

(8) Tornatellina gracilis Pease.

Tornatellina gracilis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.

A single shell, found by Mr Perkins, agrees well with Pease's description and
measurements, save that Pease speaks of the shell being sometimes spirally sulcate,
while Mr Perkins' specimen shews traces of a single spiral thread at the periphery.

Hab. Kauai (Pease).—? Hawaii, Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

382 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(9) Tornatellina neiucombi PfeifFer.

Tornatellina newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335.

I am not quite clear if the localities are to be relied on ; the figure given by
Gould (as T.peponum, U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. vii. fig. 104 e) does not, I think,
represent this species, as has been suggested.

Hab. Maui and Oahu (Ancey).— Kauai, Oahu, and Maui (Baldwin).

(10) Tornatellina oblonga Pease.

Tornatellina oblonga Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 673; Binney, Ann.

Lye. New York, xi. p. 190 [radula].
Tornatellina bacillaris Mousson, J. Conchyl. xix. (1871), p. 16, pi. in. fig. 5.
Tornatellina oblongata Pease, Clessin, Norn. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 343 (err. typ.).
Unknown to me as Hawaiian ; it was described from the Tonga Islands.
Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey).

(11) Tornatellina peponum Gould.

Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pi. VII. figs. 104, 104 d.

Gould has undoubtedly confused three species under this name : which it therefore
becomes necessary to restrict to one of his forms. I propose that it should be used
for the shells figured by him as fig. 104 and fig. 104^^; namely the slender species with
a parietal lamina and no columellar tooth : of this I have Hawaiian specimens.

The next form, that figured as figs. 104 « — c, has no parietal lamina, and equally
no teeth on the columella ; this has been found by Mr Perkins on Kauai, and is here
named T. confusa.

The third form, figured as fig. 104 e (enlargement of mouth only) is a shell nearly
related to T. euryomphala, Ancey ; it is not, I think, T. newcombi.

Hab. Hawaii, Hilo, also Oahu (Gould).

(12) Tornatellina perkinsi, sp. nov.

Testa elongato-pyramidalis, subperforata, cornea, sub lente striatula ; anfr. 7,
planiusculi, lente accrescentes, sutura subimpressa ; apertura ovata, lamellam sat minu-
tam in pariete gerens ; columella incrassata, albida, plicis duabus inconspicuis praedita.
Alt. 3, lat. 1-2 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 14.

MOLLUSC A 383

Its most noteworthy features are the very elongately pyramidal shape, flattened
whorls, and the two inconspicuous pHcae on the columella, the upper one being more
deeply seated than the lower.

Hab. Kauai, Kaholuamano at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(13) Tornatellina trochoides sp. nov.

Testa profunde perforata, cornea, pyramidalis, pellucida, fere laevis ; spira conoidea,
apice acutiusculo ; anfr. 7 — 7^, regulariter lenteque accrescentes, planiusculi, ultimus
ad peripheriam subcarinatus, sutura impressa ; apertura quadrato-ovata, superne angu-
lata, laminam conspicuam validam in pariete gerens ; columella brunnea, incrassata,
plicis duabus munita. Alt. 4, lat. 2 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 31.

Closely related, apparently, to T. tnubilicata Ancey ; but differs from it in the
relative proportions of height and breadth.

Hab. Lanai Mountains (Perkins).

(14) Tornatellina umbilical a Ancey.

Auriculella ttmbilicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232.
Tornatellina ttmbilicata Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. p. 721.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey).

Fam. STENOGYRIDAE.
Opeas Albers.

Opeas K\h&rs, Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 175; Martens, Die Heliceen, Ed. 2, i860,
p. 265 (type Buliniiis goodalli Miller).

( I ) Opeas j mucus Gould.

B !t I iums junceiis Go\Ad, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 191 ; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. VII. fig. 87.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Gould); all the islands (Baldwin). — Oahu, Waianae
Mts. (Perkins).

F. H. 11. so

384 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Opeas pj'estoni Sykes.

Opeas prestoni Sykes, P. Make. Soc. London, iii. (1898), p. "Ji, pi. v. fig. 4.

A long series, which I am entirely unable to sever from the shell recently
described by me from Ceylon. The whole genus, however, is notorious for having
been discovered in widely separated localities, and probably this species has been
transported with plants.

Hab. Hawaii, Kawailoa, Mauna Loa at 1500 feet (Perkins).

(3) Opeas pyrgiscus Pfeiffer.

Bulimus pyrgiscus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 24; Malak. Blatt.

1861, p. 15; Novit. Conch, in. p. 425, pi. xcvi. figs. 10 — 12.
This form does not seem to have been found in recent years.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

Opeas striolata Pease, is recorded as Hawaiian by Nevill (Handlist Ind. Mus.
pt. I. 1878, p. 166) ; it appears to be a manuscript name only.

Caecilioides (Blainville) Herrmannsen.

(i) Caecilioides baldwini Ancey.

Caecilianella baldwini Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 718.
I have followed Mr Smith (J. Conch, vi. pp. 341—342) as to the generic name.
Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey).

Fam. SUCCINEIDAE.
SucciNEA Draparnaud.

S^tccinea Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. i8oi,p. 55 (first species S. amphibia Drap.).

The large number of unfigured species described from the Hawaiian Islands
renders the identification of specimens belonging to this puzzling group by no means
an easy task.

Pease proposed (J. Conchyl. xviii. 1870, p. 89) the genus Catinella for Succinea
rubida; also the genus Tmella (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 459) for S. elongata.
I have thought it best to leave all the forms in Succinea, and have listed the species in
alphabetical order.

MOLL use A 385

Two species collected by Mr Perkins still await identification ; they are not
improbably new, but so many of the described species are unknown to me that I
consider it safer to leave them for the present. One is from Honolulu and Waianae
Mts. in Oahu, with a dwarf variety from the mountains of Molokai at 4000 feet ; the
other from Kau, Hawaii : both belong to the group of S. canella Gould.

( I ) Succinea aurulenta Ancey.

Succinea aurulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 242 ; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 4.

Hab. Hawaii, North Kona (Baldwin); Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(2) Succinea baldwini Ancey.

Sticcinea baldwini Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 250.

The specimens are identified from the description alone.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin); Haleakala at 9000 feet (Perkins).

(3) Sticcinea bicolorata Ancey.

Succinea bicolorata Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 271, pi. xii.

fis:. 2.
Hab. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey).

(4) Succinea cadiica Mighels.

Sticcinea caduca Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Gould, U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pi. n. fig. 30.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).— Molokai Mts. (Perkins). — Lanai Mts.
(Perkins).

(5) Succinea canella Gould.

Succinea canella Gou\d, P. Boston Soc. n. (1847), p. 184; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pi. II. fig, 20 ; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 338
[jaw and radula].

Mons. Ancey has named (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. pp. 245 — 7) varieties
crassa, obesiila, mamillaris, and liicida.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin). — Molokai and Maui (Ancey). — Maui, Haleakala
at 5000 feet; Molokai Mountains (Perkins).

50 — 2

386 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Succinea casta Ancey.

Succinea casta Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 272, pi. xii. fig. 10.
Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(7) Succinea cepulla Gould.

Succinea cepulla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 182; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Mollusca, pi. II. fig. 15.
Succinea fragilis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1852), p. 501, pi. xxviii. figs.

18 — 20 [shell and animal : nee S. fragilis King].
Sticcinea souleyeti Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 255.

The synonymy given here and under S. rotundata has been arrived at from a
careful comparison of the original descriptions and figures, and a study of the identifica-
tions made by Pfeiffer amongst the specimens in the British Museum. The shell
figured by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 69), purporting to be Hawaiian, under
the name of S. fragilis King, is not the present species.

Hab. Hawaii (Gould, &c.). — Oahu, Tantalus, Head of Panoa Valley (Perkins). —
Molokai Mountains (Perkins).

(8) Succinea cinnamomea Ancey.

Succinea cinnamomea Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 247.

Plate XL fig. 32.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin) ; Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(9) Succinea delicata Ancey.

Succinea delicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 243.
Hab. East Maui (Ancey);. Kula (Baldwin).

(10) Succinea elongata Pease.

Succinea elongata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 96.

A single specimen was found by Mr Perkins ; the species was only known to me by
the description. Authors refer to a 6". elongata Beck, but I have failed to trace the
reference.

Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea (Baldwin) ; Kaholuamano (Perkins).

MOLL use A 387

(11) Succiiiea cxplanata Gould.

Succinea explaiiata Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, p. 13, pi. ii. fig. 31.
Hab. Kauai (Gould); North side (Baldwin).

(12) Succinea garrettiana Ancey.

Succinea garrettiana Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 272, pi. xii.

fig- /•
Hab. Hawaii, Rainbow Falls, Hilo (Ancey).

(13) Succinea inconspicua Ancey.

Succinea inconspiciia Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii.

fig- 9-
Hab. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey).

(14) Succinea konaensis Sykes.

Succinea konaensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 299.

Plate XI. fig. 34.

Hab. Hawaii, Mount Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(15) Succinea lumbal is Gould.

Succinea lumbalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 183; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pi. II. fig. 18.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin). — Kauai (Gould) ; Makaweli, and above
Waimea at 4000 feet (Perkins).

The specimens from 'above Waimea' have a more drawn out spire, but only
belong, I think, to a varietal form.

(16) Succinea lutulenta Ancey.

Succinea lutulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. F" ranee, vi. (1889), p. 244.
Hab. Maui (Ancey) ; Ulapalakua (Baldwin).

3SS FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(17) Slice inca mauicnsis Ancey.

Succinea ntauiensis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1SS9), p. 24S.
Hab. INIaui (Ancey) ; Makawao (Baldwin) ; Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(iS) Siicctiica neiocombianci Garrett.

Succinea netocombiana Garrett, P. Calif. Ac. i. (1S57), p. 103.

A species closely related to 5". ccpulla and 6". rohtndata, but. if my identification of
the latter is correct, this is smaller, the mouth is rounder, and the last whorl not so
much inflated.

Hab. Hawaii, district of Waimea (Garrett) ; Kohala Mountains (Perkins).

( 1 9) Succinea protracta sp. now

Testa tenuis, aureo-rufa vel pallide-cornea, lineis increment! obliquis bene
notata : spira producta, apice acutulo, mamillato ; anfr. 3^ con^■exi, sutura bene
impressa discreti, rapide accrescentes : apertura o\ato-pyriformis, fere recta ; peristoma
simplex, tenue, margine columellari arcuato, baud plicato. Long. 127, diam. maj. 6;
alt. ap. 8. laL ap. 5 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 25.

Belongs to the group of 5". aurulenta Ancey, but is much more elongate and
slender, and the suture is more impressed. A single white specimen from ' Mauna Loa
at 3500' feet I also refer to this species.

Has. Hawaii, Kau ^^ Perkins).

(20) Succinea punctata Pfeiffer.

Succinea punctata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 29.

The specimens from Kohala Mts. are young and have the spire slightly more
depressed, but appear to belong to this form. The white spots shewn in Reeve's
figure are much exaggerated : most specimens have a few blotches of a paler tint, but I
have seen none regularly spotted in the way the artist has represented them.

Hab. Ha^^•aii (Pfeiffer) : Kohala Mountains, Olaa Puna, and Kona at 3000 feet
(Perkins).

MOLL use A 389

(21) Succinea roimtdala Gould.

Succinea patula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845J, P- 21 [nee S. patula Brug,,

nee King].
Sziccinea rotundata Qo\Ai., P. Bcston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 182 ; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. II. fig. 14 [shell and animal].
Succmea newcomhi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297;

Novit. Conch, i. pi. ix. figs. 3 — 5 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 61.

Hah. Oahu (Gould, &c.).— Molokai (Pfeiffer).— Hawaii, Kohala (Perkins).

See the remarks under S. cepulla, which species seems to be, like the present one,
widely scattered over the islands.

(22) Succinea riibella Pease.

Succinea rubella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.

The coloration of this species is very variable, and some specimens are found of a
straw-colour ; it appears to be close to S. canella Gould.

Hab. Lanai (Pease) ; Mountains (Perkins).

(23) Stcccinea rubida Pease.

Siucinea rubida Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 97.
Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; North side (Baldwin).

(24) Succinea thaanunii Ancey.

Succinea t haanumi ^nc&y, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii. fig. 3.
Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(25) Stuciiiea venusta Gould.

Succinea venusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 186; U.S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. II. fig. 25.
Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin) ; Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa Puna
(Perkins).

The specimens from Kona are whitish and slightly more shouldered.

390 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(26) Succinea vesicalis Gould.

Stucinea vesicalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 183; U.S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. II. fig. 1 7.
The figure given by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 85) does not represent this
species.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Gould) ; Kau, and Mauna Loa at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

(27) Sticcinea waianaensis Ancey.

Succinea waianaensis Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii.

fig. 12.
Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Ancey).

Species insufficiently known or erroneously recorded.

Succinea aperta Lea. Unknown to me ; it has been doubtfully referred to

S. rotundata.
Succinea approximata Shuttleworth, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 27.

Apparently really refers to the West Indian 5. approximans .
Succinea pudorina Gould, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, figs. 43, 75.
Two apparently distinct species are figured by Reeve under this name ; he records
it, I think erroneously, from the 'Sandwich Islands.'

The following appear to be only manuscript names.

^. apicalis Ancey, Makawao, Maui.
S. tenerriina Ancey, Hilo, Hawaii.

Fam. LIMNAEIDAE.
Limnaea Lamarck.

Limnaea Lamarck, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1799, p. 75 (X.y^^ Helix stagnalis L.).

The name Limnaea appears to have been used as early as 1791 by Poli for the
animals of Unio, Anodonta and Chama ; but his work is so peculiar, that I feel doubts
if this can be regarded as preoccupying the name for a genus.

MOLLUSC A 391

The question whether these forms — when sinistral — belong to Pkysa or Limnaea,
has for long proved to be a difficult one. Gould, when describing his Pkysa reticulata,
remarked " its form is so much that of a reversed Litnnaea that I am almost tempted to
consider it one." Pease, in his review of the Hawaiian species, stated that he was
"confident," having e.xamined the animals of several hundred specimens, that there was
no species of Pkysa in the Islands. He also remarked that sinistral and dextral
specimens of the same species may be found together. Prof. E. von Martens, in 1866,
expressed the view, here adopted, that these Hawaiian forms were really sinistral
species of Limnaea.

As shewing how little the literature has been studied, I may remark that as late
as 1889 Mr Cooke (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 142), when pointing out the
affinities with Limnaea of the so-called Pkysae of Australia, notes that " Tryon
mentions, but I have failed to trace on what authority, that sinistral Limnaeas occur
in the Sandwich Islands."

Mighels described (P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 21) two species, /;W//f/a and umbilicata,
as Pkysae : according to Pease the types were destroyed by fire and, as the species
are unidentifiable from the diagnoses only, I have omitted them.

(i) Limnaea aiilacospira Ancey.

Limnaea aiilacospira Ancey, Naturaliste, (2) xi. (Dec. 1889), p. 290; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiii. fig. 19.

Hab. Maui (Ancey); Haleakala at 5000 feet, and lao Valley (Perkins).

(2) Limnaea binom,inis, nom. nov.

Pkysa sandwichensis Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Pkysa, p. 342, pi. xlviii. fig. 7

(1886).
nee Limnaea sandwichensis Philippi.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin). — Oahu, Mts. near Honolulu (Perkins).

(3) Limnaea compact a Pease.

Limnaea compacta Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (1870), p. 6, pi. in. fig. 4.

Limnaea ambigiia, Pease, t. c. p. 6, pi. in. fig. 5.

Pkysa flavida Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Pkysa, p. 364, pi. Li. fig. 9 (1886).

Hab. Oahu (Pease). — (as L. ambigna) Kauai, Kapaa (Baldwin). — (as L. compacta)
all the Islands (Baldwin).

F. H. II. 51

392 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Limnaea hartinamii Clessin.

Physa hartmanni Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 371, pi. liv. fig. 9 (1886).

Hab. Hawaii (Clessin).

Some catalogues give a Limnaea hartmanni of Studer and of Charpentier, but I
cannot trace a described species of that name ; there appears to be a variety of
L. ovatus Drap bearing the name.

{5) Limnaea moreletiana Clessin.

Physa moreletiana Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 341, pi. xlviii. fig. 3
(1886).

Unknown to me, but from the figure I think it may be a form of L. tiirgidula
Pease. It appears not to be the Limnaea -moreletiana Gassies, of Adams (Gen. Rec.
Moll. II. p. 253).

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(6) Limnaea naticoides Clessin.

Physa naticoides Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 341, pi. xlviii. fig. 5

(1886).
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(7) Limnaea oahuensis Souleyet.

Limnaea oahuensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1S52), p. 527, pi. xxix.

figs. 38 — 41 [with animal] ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Limnaea, sp. 90.
Limnaea affinis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. p. 528, pi. xxix. figs. 42-^44.
Limnaeus sandwichensis Philippi, Arch. Naturg. 11. (1845), p. 63 ; Kuster,

Conchylien-Cabinet, Limnaea, p. 26, pi. iv. figs. 25, 26.
Limnaea voliitata, Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 211; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. IX. fig. 142.

I defer to Pease's experience and unite Souleyet's two species ; though, from the
figures, I should have regarded them as distinct. It is not the Litnnaea affinis
of Beck.

Hab. Oahu (Souleyet, Pease, &c.). — Oahu and Maui (Baldwin).

MOLL use A 393

(8) Limnaea peasei Clessin.

Physa peasei Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 339, pi. XLVii. fig. 8 (1886).
Judging from specimens received by the British Museum from the Morelet
collection, the figure is by no means good.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(9) Limnaea reticulata Gould.

Physa reticulata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), P- 214; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pi. IX. fig. 140; Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Physa, fig. 56; Clessin,

Conch. -Cab. Physa, p. 330, pi. XLVi. fig. 4.
Limnaea reticulata Gould, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 5.
Neither Sowerby nor Clessin appears to have been aware of Gould's published
description of this species.
Hab. Kauai (Pease).

(10) Liinnaca rubella Lea.

Lymnaeus rtcbellus Lea, Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. ix. (1843), p. 12.
Limnaea rubella Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 5, pi. iii. figs, i — 3.
Pease was of opinion that this might prove to be a variety of L. oahuensis Soul.
Hab. Oahu (Lea). — Kauai (Pease) ; Mts. between Lihue and the sea, also
Wailua river (Perkins).

(11) Limnaea turgidula Pease.

Limnaea turgidula Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July, 1870), p. 5, pi. iii. fig. 3.
Hab. Oahu (Pease).

Erinna a. Adams.
Erinna newcombi A. Adams.

Erinna newcombi A. Adams, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 120; H. and

A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11. p. 644, pi. cxxxviii. fig. 9 ; Bland and Binney,

Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 349 [jaw and radula] ; Binney, P. Ac. Philad.

1874, p. 54, pi. v. figs. 7 — 10 [jaw and radula].

Hab. Kauai, Hanalei River (Baldwin, &c.). H. and A. Adams give as locality

" Henata River, Kami."

See also a note on the genus by Dr Jousseaume, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 11. (1S74),

P- 25.

SI— 2

394 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Ancylus, Geoffroy.

Ancylus Geoffroy, Traite sommaire des coquilles, aux environs de Paris,

1767, p. 122 [type apparently A. lacusiris].

Ancylus sharpi sp. nov.

Testa pygmaea, convexiuscula, hyalino-flavida ; apertura elongato-elliptica, apice
obtusulo. Long. 2; lat. ri ; alt. "8 mill.

Plate XII. figs. 14, 14 a.

An insignificant little form with no striking characters ; there being no other
species recorded from the Islands, I venture to give these shells a name ; they are
probably not adult.

Hab. Oahu, on pali, head of Nuuanu Valley (Coll. Dr B. Sharp, commisit
H. A. Pilsbry).

Fam. MELANIIDAE.

Melania Lamarck.

The genus appears to have been first put forward by Lamarck in 1799 (Mem.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75) and to have been also characterised by him in 1801 (Syst.
An. sans Vert. p. 91). In both cases the species named by him was Melania amarula
Lam., which is therefore the type.

(i) Melania baldwini Ancey.

Melania baldiuini Knay, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (July, 1899), p. 273, pi. xii.
fig. 6.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey).

(2) Melania indefinita Lea.

Melania indefinita Lea, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 187; Reeve, Conch.

Icon. Melania, fig. 56 ; Brot, Conch. -Cab. Melania, pi. xxiii. fig. 7.
Melania newcombii Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 6 [nee Lea, fide Brot].

Hab. Oahu (Pease).

The Philippine specimens in coll. Cuming seem identical with some from Oahu,
named M, newcombii by Pease.

MOLL use A 395

(3) Alelania katiaiensis Pease.

Melania kaiiaiensis Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July 1870), p. 7, pi. m. fig. 6.

Hab. Kauai (Pease). — Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).

Probably the species of Melania are scattered over the various islands and not
confined to any single locality ; M. mauiensis, for example, has been found on
Maui, Molokai, Kauai, and Oahu.

(4) Melania mauiensis Lea.

Melania mauiensis Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), p. 145; Brot, Conch. -Cab.
Melania, p. 322, pi. xxxiii. figs. 7, 8, 8 a.

Hab. Maui (Lea).— Maui, Oahu, Kauai (Pease).— Maui, Molokai (Brot).—
Molokai, in taro patches, Pelekunu (Perkins).

Large specimens were found on Molokai by Mr Ferkins, exact spot not recorded,
and a small race, kindly identified for me by the late Dr Brot, on Pelekunu. Melania
tahitensis Pease MS. is stated by Brot to be a synonym. Schepman (Notes Leyden
Mus. XIV. p. 158) has recorded the present species from the Island of Soemba.

(5) Melania newconibii Lea.

Melania newconibii Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), p. 145 ; Brot, Conch. -Cab.

Melania, p. 213, pi. xxiv. figs. 2, 2 a.
Melania contigua Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July 1870), p. 7.

I follow Brot in uniting M. contigua Pease ; he also places M. oahuensis Pease
MS. and M. paidla Dunker MS. in the synonymy.

Hab. Oahu (Lea) ; In stream in mountain gulch near Honolulu (Perkins). —
Kauai (Pease).

(6) Melania verreauxiana Lea.

Melania verrauiana (sic) Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), P- H4-
Melania verreauxiana Lea, J. Ac. Philad. n. s. vi. pi. xxii. fig. 27; Brot, Conch.-
Cab. Melattia, p. 32, pi. iv. fig. 2.

Unknown to me and may not really be Hawaiian. Dr Brot considered it might
be a form of M. largillierti Phil.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Lea).

596 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. PALUDESTRINIDAE.

Paludestrina D'Orbigny.
Paludestrina porrecta Mighels.

Paludina porreda Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ii. (1845), p. 22.
Hab. Oahu (Mighels).

Fam. HELICINIDAE.
Helicina Lamarck.

In 1799 (Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 77) the genus was described but no type
or species named ; in 1801 (Sypt. \n. sans Vert. p. 94) the only species named was
Heliciiia nerite//a Lam., which may be taken as the type. Lamarck refers for a figure
to Lister (Hist. Conch, fig. 59), and this illustration appears to represent a Helicina,
though it is hard to be certain whether it be H. neritella or not.

(i) Helicina laciniosa Mighels.

Helicina laciniosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19 ; Gould, U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pi. VII. fig. 108.

A very variable shell in size and coloration ; it appears to be always more
compact and elevated than H. sandwichiensis.

Hab. Oahu (Mighels). — Kauai (Baldwin). — Lanai, behind Koele; also Kalamaula,
Molokai ; Kaala, Oahu ; and between Lihue and the sea, Kauai (Perkins).

(2) Helicina magdalenae Ancey.

Helicina magdalenae Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 342.
Helicina constricta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 120; Conch.-Cab.
Helicina, p. 22, pi. vii. fig. 1'] — 9 [both relate to his variety only].

Pfeiffer's typical form came from ' Otaheite ' and appears to belong to a different
species to his variety, which seems to be identical with this. Possibly forms may be
found linking H. magdalenae to H. uberta.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey).

MOLL use A 397

(3) Helicina rotcUoidea Mighels.

Helicina rotelloidea Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19 ; Pfeiffer, Conch. -

Cab. Helicina, p. 23, pi. iii. fig. 40 — 3.
Helicina bronniana Philippi, Zeitsch. Malak. iv. (1847), p. 124.
Hab. Oahu (Mighels, &c.).

(4) Helicina sandivichiensis Souleyet.

Helicina sandwichiensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1852), p. 529, pi. xxx.

figs. 1—5.
nee ? H. sandivicJiiensis Sowerby, Thes. Conch, iii. pi. CCLXX. figs. 173 — 4.

A variety "^" has been recorded by Pfeiffer as from the Loyalty Islands;
probably this is an error. See Crosse, J. Conchyl. xlii. p. 405.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin) ; at and below Kaala (Perkins).

(5) Helicina tiberta Gould.

Helicina iiberta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 202 ; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pi. VII. fig. 1 14.

Hab. Maui and Oahu (Gould). — Oahu, below Kaala (Perkins).

Species doubtful or erroneously recorded.

Helicina a7itoni'?{&\ii&T. Originally recorded without locality; subsequently Pfeiffer
gave the Hawaiian Islands and the Gamblers. It really appears to come from
Honduras, and the Hawaiian habitat is probably erroneous, these supposed Hawaiian
specimens belonging, as undoubtedly the Gambler Island shells do, to H. pazi Crosse
(J. Conchyl. xiii. p. 221, pi. vi. fig. 8).

Helicina crassilabris, Philippi. It has been suggested by Pfeiffer that this is
Hawaiian, but it really comes from Venezuela or the Caribbean Region.

Helicina fjilgoj-a Gould, originally described from Manua, Samoa Islands; it has
also been noted, but, I think, erroneously, from the Hawaiian Islands.

Helicina pisum Philippi. I think "Sandwich Is." must have been a mistake and
possibly refers to Vate or Sandwich I.: it may be a slip for Savage I., from which
specimens, inseparable from this, undoubtedly do come. This appears not to be the
H. pisum Hombr. and Jacq., which equals H. taliitensis Pease.

398 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. NERITIDAE.

Neritina Lamarck.

I have not seen the first Edition of the ' Philosophie Zoologique' (1809) in which
this genus is said to occur, but in the second edition (1830) the name appears in French
only, with no diagnosis or named species (Vol. i. p. 321). However in his ' Hist. An.
sans Vert.' it is duly given in Latin with named species (Vol. vi. pt. 2, p. 182).
The first is N. perversa Gmel., which is the type of Montfort's Velates (1810)
under the more correct name of V. conoidea, but the others belong to Neritina as
we understand it to-day.

(i) Neritina cariosa Gray.

Nerita cariosa Gray, Wood, Index Test. Suppl. Nerita fig. 9 (1828).

Neritina sandwichensis Deshayes, An. sans Vert. Ed. 2, viii. (1838), p. 579.

Neritina convexa Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.).

Neritina nuttalli Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 276 ; Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11.
pi. XXXIV. figs. 43 — 46.

Neritina solidissima Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 11. p. 541, pi. cxvi. fig. 573.

I have not sufficient material to determine whether the large synonymy given by
Tryon (Man. Conch, x.) is fully justified. Prof von Martens (Conch. -Cab. Neritina)
expressed the opinion (p. 276) that Neritina cariosa Gray does not really belong here,
but is a form of N. mauritii: this has been dealt with by Mr Smith (P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1884, p. 275).

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (various authors). — Maui and Oahu (Baldwin). — Hawaii,
Hilo (Smith).

(2) Neritina granosa Sowerby.

Neritina granosa So-werhy, Tank. Cat. App. p. xi. (1825); Conch. 111. Neritina

fig. 6.
Neritina papulosa Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 2, 1839, pi. iv. fig. 11.
Neripteron gigas Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 187.
Hab. All the Islands (Baldwin). — Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).

(3) Neritina liigubris Philippi.

Neritina lugubris Philippi, Abbild. Conchylien, i. pt. 2, p. 20, pi. i. fig. 9 (1845).

This has been placed as a synonym of N. cariosa, but from the description and
figure it seems to be distinct.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Philippi).

MOLL use A 399

(4) Neritina neglect a Pease.

Neritina negleda Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, i860, p. 435.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pease).

(5) Neritina vespertina Nuttall.

Neritina vespertina Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.);

Reeve, Conch. Icon. Neritina, sp. 61.
? Neritina sandwichensis Desh., Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 82 [nee Deshayes].
Hab. All the Islands (Baldwin).

In conclusion I may call attention to three species, attributed to the Islands, which
do not really belong to their fauna.

Partula terrestris Pease. Apparently a manuscript name ; it has appeared in
Paetel's 'Catalog' and in the Mon. Helic. Viv. (Vol. viii. p. 209) with the
habitat of ' I. Sandwich.' According to Dr Hartman, it is a synonym of
P. approximans Pease, from Raiatea.

Spiraxis sandwicensis was described by Pfeiffer (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856,
P- 335) ^s from the Hawaiian Islands. It appears to me to be a form of the
Btilimus lactifljtus of Pfeiffer, described from Chili, and 1 feel no doubt the
Hawaiian habitat is erroneous.

Bulimus kaziaiensis was described by Pfeiffer in the same volume (p. 332). It is
probably also Chilian and very close to Bulinms albicans Brod. ; but 1 am not
quite sure of the identity, as the shell is slightly more succineiform.

Finally, it may be noted that a specimen of Vivipartis ckinensis Gray, doubtless
imported for food, was collected by Mr Perkins at "Wailuku," Maui.

F. H. II. 52

§ 3. Bibliographic List (arranged alphabetically).

Adams, A. Descriptions of two new genera and several new species of MoUusca, from the collection

of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [August to December], pp. 119— 124.
Adams, C. B. Descriptions of new species of Pariula and Achatinella. Ann. Lye. New York, v.

(1852), pp. 41—44-

. Contributions to Conchology. Vol. i. No. 8, 1850, pp. 125 — 128.

Adams, H. & A. The Genera of recent MoUusca. London, 3 vols. 8vo, 1853—1858.

Albers, J. C. Die Heliceen. Berlin, 8vo, 1850.

Ancev, C. F. fetude sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi.

(1889), pp. 171—258-
. Mollusques nouveaux de I'Archipel d'Hawai, de Madagascar, et de I'Afrique equatoriale.

Op. cit. VII. (1890), pp. 339—347-
. Diagnoses de Mollusques nouveaux. Naturaliste, ser. 2, an. iii (1889), p. 266 S^Leptachatina

columna, n. sp.].
. Descriptions de Mollusques nouveaux. T. c. pp. 290, 291 [Lmmaea aulacospira, n. sp.].

. Etudes sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892),

pp. 708 — 722.
. Etudes sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Op. cit. vi. (1893), pp. 321 — 330.

. Descriptions de deux nouvelles especes de Mollusques. Naturahste, ser. 2, an. xi (1897),

p. 178 \Ainast)-a durandi, n. sp.].
. Description d'un mollusque nouveau. T. c. p. 222 S^Leptachatina approximaus, n. sp.].

. Some notes on the non-marine molluscan fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, with diagnoses

of new species. P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (July, 1899), PP- ^68 — 274, pis. xii, xiii pars.

Baldwin, D. D. Catalogue [of] land and fresh-water shells of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu,

Bvo, 1893, 25 pp.
. Descriptions of new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. P. Ac. Philad.

1895, pp. 214 — 236, pis. X, XI.
. Descriptions of two new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Nautilus,

X. (July, 1896), pp. 31, 32.
Barnacle, H. G. Musical sounds caused by Achatinellae. J. Conch, iv. (1883), p. 118.
Beck, H. Index Molluscorum praesentis aevi musei Christiani Frederici. Havniae, 1837,

fasc. I, 2.

Benson, W. H. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the Flora and Fauna of that Island.
MoUusca. Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. (1842), pp. 486 — 490.

Bergh, R. Anatomische Untersuchung des Triboniophortis schuttei, Kefstr., sowie von Philomycus
carolimnsis (Bosc) und australis (Bergh). Verh. Ges. Wien, xx. (1870), pp. 843 — 868,

pis. XI — XIII.

MOLL use A 401

BiNNEY, W. G. On some of the species of naked Pneumonobranchous Mollusca of the United
States. P. Boston Soc. i. (1844), pp. 51, 52 [cf. also p. 154].

. On the anatomy and lingual dentition oi ArioHtnax and other Pulmonata. P. Ac. Philad. 1874,

PP- 33—62, pis. II— XI.

. On the genitalia, jaw, and lingual dentition of certain species of Pulmonata [with a note

on the classification of the Achatinellae, by Thomas Bland]. Ann. Lye. New York, xi. (1875),

pp. 166 — 196, pis. XII XVIII.

. On the lingual dentition, jaw, and genitalia of Carelia, Otichidella, and other Pulmonata.

P. Ac. Philad. 1876, pp. 13 — 92, pi. vi.

. Notes on the jaw and lingual dentition of Pulmonata Mollusks. Ann. N. York Ac. in. 1884,

pp. 79 136, pis. II — XVI.

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404 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

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Pfeffer, G. Anatomische Untersuchung der Achatinella vulpina. J.B. Deutsch. malak. Ges. iv.

(1877), pp. 330—334, figs.
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. Novitates Conchologicae. Ser. i. Cassel, 5 vols., 1854 — 1879.

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pp. 113 — 120.

. Remarks on the genus Achatinella, Swainson, and description of six new species from

Mr Cuming's collection. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [Jan. 1846], pp. 89, 90.

MOLL use A 405

Pfeiffer, L. Descriptions of thirty new species of Helicea, belonging to the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, pp. 28 — 34.
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PP- 37—41-
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petitiaiM, n. sp., p. 149]-
■ . Descriptions of twenty-nine new species of Helicina from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1848 [April, 1849], PP- 119 — 125.
• . Nachtrage zur L. Pfeiffer Monographia Heliceorum : zu Vol. 11. Zeitschr. fiir Malak. vi. (1849),

PP- 85—95-

• . Beschreibungen neuer Landschnecken. Zeitschr. Malak. vii. (1850), pp. 65 — 80 [Helix

discuhis, n. sp., p. 68; cf. p. 153].

. Nothwendige Vertauschung einiger Nahmen. Zeitschr. Malak. ix. (1852), pp. 62 — 64.

. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Helicea from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.

P. Zool. Soc. London, 185 1 [July to Dec. 1853], pp. 252 — 263.
. Descriptions of sixty-six new land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Op. cit. 1852

[March to May, 1854], pp. 56 — 70.
. Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of Mr Cuming. Op. cit.

1853 [1854], pp. 124—128.

. Skizze einer Monographie der Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. i. (1.854), pp. 112 — 145.

. Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach natiirlichen Gruppen. Op. cit. 11. (1855),

pp. 112— 185.
. Descriptions of forty-two new species of Helix, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, pp. 49 — 57.
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1854 [May, 1855], pp. 286—298.

. Descriptions of twenty-seven new species oi Achatinella from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.,

collected by Dr Newcomb and by Mons. D. Frick, late Consul-General of PVance at the Sandwich
Islands. Op. cit. 1855 [March], pp. i — 7, pi. xxx.

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Tom. cit. [July], pp. 94 — loi.

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pp. 106 108, pi. XXXII.

. Descriptions of twenty-three new species of Achatinella, collected by Mons. D. Frick in the

Sandwich Islands ; from Mr Cuming's collection. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 202 — 206.
. Descriptions of sixteen new species of Achatinella, from Mr Cuming's collection, collected

by Dr Newcomb in the Sandwich Islands. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 207 — 210.
. Descriptions of five new species of Terrestrial Mollusca, chiefly from the collection of

H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 210, 211.
. Weitere Beobachtungen iiber die Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. 11. (1854 — 1855),

pp. 1—7, 64—70.
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pp. 112— 185.
— . Descriptions of twenty-five new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, pp. 32 — 36.
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Malak. Blatt. iv. (1857), pp. 29 — 37.

4o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Pfeiffer, L. Neue Landschnecken. Tom. cit. pp. 85 — 89.

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P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858 [March], pp. 20 — 23, pi. xl.
. Descriptions of twenty-seven new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

Op. cit. 1859, pp. 23 — 29 \Helix hystricella, n. sp., p. 25].
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MOLLUSC A

407

4. List of named forms which are placed in this work as

varieties or synonyms.

aciit'i Newcomb (Ac/i.) = elorigata Newcomb {Ainastra)

acuta Swainson {Ach.) = spirizona Fer. {Amastra)

adamsi Newcomb (Air/i.) = marmorata Gould {Ach.) .

adiista Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.)

adusta Gould {Ach.) = bicolor Jay {Carelia)

affinis Souleyet {Limnaed) = oahiiensis Souleyet {Limnaea)

alba Nuttall {Ach.) = /orata Fer. {Ach.)

albescens Gulick {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.)

albida Pfeiffer {Amastra) = spirizona Fer., var. {Amastra)

albofasciatus Smith {Apex) = vittata Reeve {Ach.)

ambigua Pease {Limnaea) = compacta Pease {Limnaea)

ampulla Gulick (^it//.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.)

analoga Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina F<§r., var. {Ach.)

aplustre Newcomb {Ach.) = bilineata Reeve {Ach.)

armatus Mighels {Bulimus) = auricula Fe'r. {Auric.) .

attenuata Pfeiffer {Bui.) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.)

bacca Reeve {Ach.) = abbrei'iata Reeve {Ach.)

bacillaris Mousson {Tornat.) = oblonga Pease {Tornat.)

baileyana Gulick {Ach.) = splendida Newcomb {Ach) .

baldwini Ancey {Hyalinia) = pauxilla Gould {Vitrea)

baldtvinii Newcomb {Ach) = magna Adams {Amastra)

bellula Smith {Ach.) =■ ligata Smith {Ach.) .

brevis Pfeiffer {Ach.) = nucleola Gould {Amastra)

bron?iia>ta Philippi {Helicina) = rotelloidea Mighels {Helicina)

bulbosa Gulick {Ach.) = picta Mighels, var. {Amastra)

caesia Gulick {Ach.) = buddii Newcomb {Ach.) .

Candida Pfeiffer {Bui) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.)

castanea Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.)

chlorotica Pfeiffer {Neivcombia) = spirizona Fer., var. {Amastra)

cinerosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.)

clara Pfeiffer {Ach.) = striatula Gould (Leptach.)

Clementina Pfeiffer {Ach.) = abbrei'iata Reeve {Ach.) .

cognata Gulick {Ach.) = casta Newcomb {Ach.) .

concavospira Pfeiffer {Ach.) = napus Pfeiffer {Ach.)

cnncidens Gulick {Ach.) = decora Fer. {Ach.)

coniformis Gulick {Ach.) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.)

consanguinea Smith {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach)

conspersa Pfeiffer {Ach) = reticulata Newcomb {Amastra)

contigua Pease {Mclania) = newcombii Lea {Melania) .

contracta Gulick {Ach) = curta Newcomb {Ach)

convexa Nuttall {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina) .

corrugata GuUck {Ach) = rugosa Newcomb {Ach)

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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

conisca Gulick {Ach) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.)
costulosa Pease {Pupa) = nnvcombi Pfeiffer {Pupa)
crassidentaia Pfeiffer {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.)
crocea Gulick {Ach.) = lignaria Gulick, var. {Ach>i
cylindrata Pease {Leptach.) = exilis Gulick {Leptach.) .
decepta Adams {Ach.) = variegata Pfeiffer {Amastra) .
detisilineata Reeve {Partula) = radiata Gould {Ach.) .
dentata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = labiata Newcomb {Leptach.) .
deshayesii Morelet, pars {Ach.) = assimilis Newcomb {Amastra)
deihayesii Morelet, pars {Ach.) = biplicata Newcomb {Amastra)
dimidiata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = cingula Mighels {Leptach.)
dimondi Adams {Ach.) = gravida Yii. {Afiiastra)
dimorpha Gulick {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.)
disculus Pfeiffer {Helix) = exaequata Gould {Pliilonesia)
discus Pfeiffer {Helix) = exaequata Gould {Philonesia)
diver sa Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.)
dumartroyi Souleyet {Partula) = auricula Fer. {Auriculella)
dunkeri Pfeiffer {Ach.) = producta Reeve {Ach.) .
eburnea Gulick {Ach.) = tappania}ia Adams {Ach)
emmcrsoiii Newcomb {Ach.) = livlda Swainson {Ach.)
fascia ta Gulick {Ach.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.)
ferussaci Pfeiffer {Lam.) = sanguinea Newcomb {Amastra)
filocostata Pease {Helix) = paucicostata Pease {Endodonta)
flavida Clessin {Physa) = compacta Pease {Limnaea)
flavidus Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.)
forbesiana Pfeiffer {Bui.) = cesttis Newcomb {Ach.)
fragilis Gulick {Ach.) = guttula Gould {Leptach.)
fragilis Souleyet {Succinea) = cepulla Gould {Succinea)
fricki Pfeiffer {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.) .
fricki Pfeiffer {Helix) = lamellosa Fer. {Endodonta)
fuliginea Pfeiffer {Ach.) = bicolor Jay ( Carelia) .
fuliginosa Gould {Ach.) = tristis F^r. {Amastra) .
fulva Pfeiffer {Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb {Ach.)
fuscolineata Smith {Ach.) = vulpina Fe'r. {Ach.) .
fuscozona Smith {Ach.) -■ buddii Newcomb {Ach.)
fusiformis Pfeiffer {Ach.) = mucrofiata Newcomb {Amastra)
gigantea Newcomb {Ach.) = violacea Newcomb {Amastra)
gigas Lesson {Neripteron) = granosa Sby. {Ahritina) .
glauca Gulick {Ach.) = zonata Gulick {Ach.)
globosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = vittata Reeve {Ach.)
goniostoma Pfeiffer {Ach.) = affinis Newcomb {Amastra)
gouldi Pfeiffer {Bulimus) = radiata Gould {Ach.)
granifera Gulick {Ach.) = accincta Mighels {Leptach.) .
grossa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = porphyria Newcomb {Amastra)
gulickii Smith {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) .
gummea Gulick {Ach) = guttula Gould {Leptach.)
hartmani Newcomb {Leptach.) = ? extincta Pfeiffer {Amastra)
hawaiietisis Baldwin {Ach.) = physa Newcomb {Ach.)
herbacea Gulick {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.)

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hybrida Newcomb (Ach.) = producta Reeve {Ach.)
indtita Gulick {Ach.) = tnarmoraia Gould (Ach.)
iniiolahilis Smith (Apex) = decora Fer., var. (Ach.)
inortiatd Mighels (Ach.) = turritclla Fer. (Amastrd)
insignis Reeve (Ach.) = virgulata Mighels (Ach.)
intercarinata Mighels (Helix) = cotitorta Fe'r. (Endodonta)
johnsotii Newcomb (Ach.) = bilincata Reeve (Ach.)
juncea Gulick (Ach.) = casta Newcomb (Ach.)
lacrima Gulick (Ach.) = glutinosa Pfeiffer (Leptach.)
lactea Gulick (Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb (Ach.)
lagena Gulick (Ach.) = labiata Newcomb (Leptach^
leucophaeus Gulick (Apex) — decora Fer., var. (Ach.) .
leucorraphe Gulick (Apex) = decora Fe'r., var. (Ach.) .
leucosonus Gulick (Apex) = napus Pfeiffer (Ach.) .
liliacea Pfeiffer (Ach.) = viilpiiia Fer., var. (Ach.)
liliaceus Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)
litnbata Gulick (Ach.) = byronii Wood (Ach.)
liratits Pfeiffer (Bulimns) = plicata Pfeiffer (Neivcombia)
livida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vulpina Fer. (Ach.) .
lugubris Chemn. (Turbo) - apexfulva Dixon (Ach.)
lurida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = castanea Pfeiffer (Auriculella) .
licteola Fer. (Helix) = 1 turritella Fer. (Amastra)
macrosloma Pfeiffer (Ach.) = taeiiiolata Pfeiffer (Ach.) .
tnagdalenae Ancey (Pupa) = lyrata Gould (Pupa)
mahogani Gulick (Ach.) — byronii Wood (Ach.) .
tnaiioaensis Newcomb (Ach.) = ventulus Fer. (Amastra)
margarita Pfeiffer (Ach.) = accincta Mighels (Leptach^
tnelampoides Pfeiffer (Ach.) = ventulus Fer. (Amastra)
melanostoma Newcomb (Ach.) = byronii Wood (Ach.) .
microstoma Gould (Ach.) = textilis Fer. (Amastra)
monacha Pfeiffer (Ach.) = multilineata Newcomb (Ach.)
multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (Bui.) = byronii Wood, var. (Ach.)
multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (£ul.) = oviformis Pfeiffer (Ach.)
mustelina Mighels (Ach.) = decora Fer., subsp. (Ach.)
myrrhea Gulick (Ach.) = gouldi Newcomb (Ach.)
?mcca Gould (Pupa) = pediculus Shuttlw., var. (Pupa)
neglectus Smith (Apex) = decora Fer., var. (Ach.)
newcombi Pfeiffer (Helix) = caperata Gould (Godwinia)
newcombi Pfeiffer (Ach.) = turricula Mighels (Carelia)
fiewcombi Pfeiffer (Succinea) = patula Mighels (Succinca)
navcombianus Pfeiffer (Bulimus) = pfeifferi Newcomb (Newcombia)
nigrolabris Smith (Amastra) = spirizona Fer., var. (Amastra)
nivosa Newcomb (Ach.) = abbreviata Reeve (Ach.)
fiobilis Pfeiffer (Ach.) = lorata Fer. (Ach.) .
nucleola Reeve (Ach.) = albolabris Newcomb (Amastra)
nuttalli Recluz (Neritina) = cariosa Gray (Neritina) .
nympha Gulick (Ach.) = byronii Wood, var. (Ach.)
oahuensis Green (Achatina) = turritella Fer. (Amastra)
obclavata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = sandivicensis Pfeiffer (Leptach.

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53—2

4IO

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

obeliscus Reeve {Achafiiia) = turricula Mighels (Carelia)
obeliscus Pfeiffer {Ach.) = navcombi Pfeiffer {Auricuklla)
obliqua Gulick {Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson {Ach.)
obscura Newcomb {Ach.) = tnoesia Newcomb {Amasira)
obtusangiila Pfeiffer (Helix) = exaeqiiata Gould {Philonesia )
odavula Paetel {Leptach.) = sandwicensis Pfeiffer {Leptach.)
oomorpha Gulick {Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson {Ach.).
o-amihiemis Chamisso {Auric.) = auricula Fer. {Auriculella)
pallida Nuttall {Ach.) = lorata Fer. {Ach) ....
papulosa Gray {Neritind) = granosa Sby. {Neriiina)
parvula Gulick {Ach.) = vitreola Gould {Leptach.)
patula Sniitli {Auric.) = diaphana Smith {Auric.)
perforata Gulick {Ach.) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.)
perversa Swainson {Ach.) = decora Fe'r. {Ach.)
pexa Gulick {Ach.) = buddi Newcomb {Ach.)
phaeozona Gulick {Ach.) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.)
pica Swainson {Ach.) = apexfulva ],)ixon {Ach.) .
planospira Pfeiffer {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.)
platystyla Gulick {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.)
plumata Gulick {Ach.) = buddii Newcomb {Ach.)
polyinorpha Gulick (Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. {Ach.)
ponderosa Ancey {Auric.) = crassula Smith {Auric.)
prasina Reeve {Ach.) = olivacea Reeve {Ach.)
pulcherrima Swainson {Ach.) = byjvnii Wood {Ach.) .
pulcherrima Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) .
pulla Pfeiffer {Ach.) = pusilla Newcomb {Amasira)
pumila Gulick {Ach.) = modcsta Adams {Amastra)
pusillus Gould {Helix) = pauxillus Gould {Vitrea)
pygmaea Smith {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.) .
radiata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = viridans Mighels {Ach.)
recta Newcomb {Ach.) = byronii Wood, var. {Ach.)
reeve i Adams {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach.)
rhodoraphe Smith {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.)
rohvi Pfeiffer {Bulimus) = virgulata Mighels {Ach.)
rotundata Gould {Succinea) = patula Mighels {Succinea)
rubens Pfeiffer {Ach.) = mastersi Newcomb {Amastra)
rubiginosa Gould {Helix) =jugosa Mighels {Endodonta)
rubiginosa Newcomb {Ach) = taeniolata Pfeiffer {.4ch.)
rudis Pfeiffer {Ach.) - spirizona Fer., var. {Ar?iastra) .
rustica Gulick {Amastra) = affinis Newcomb {Amastra)
rutila Newcomb {Ach.) = viridans Mighels {Ach.)
satid7viclunsis Clessin {Pliysa) = binominis Sykes {Limnaea)
sandwichcnsis Philippi {Limnaea) - oahuetisis Soule)'et {Limnaea
sandivichcnsis Deshayes {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina)
scitula Gulick {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.)
semicarinata Newcomb {Ach) = variabilis Newcomb, var. {Ach.
seminigra Lamarck {Monodo7ita) = apexfulva Dixon {Ach.) .
setigera Gould {Helix) = hystrix Pfeiffer {Endodonta) .
similaris Pease {Amastra) = rugulosa Pease, var. {Amastra)

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simulans Reeve {Ach.) = vitlata Reeve {Ach.) .
sinistrorsa Chamisso {Auric.) = auricula Y€x. {Auric.)
solida Gulick {Ach.) = spkndida Newcomb {Ach.)
solidissima Sby. {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina)
soukyeti Ancey {Succinea) = cepulla Gould {Succinea)
spadicea Gulick {Ach.) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.) .
stewarti Green {Achat ina) = vidpina Fer., var. {Ach.)
siriatula Pease {Pupa) = lyrata Gould {Pupa)
subula Gulick {Ach.) ^ gracilis Pfeiffer {Leptach.)
suffusa Reeve {Ach.) = gravida Fer. {Amas/ra) .
swiftii Newcomb {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. {Ach.)
talpina Gulick {Ach.) = gouldi Newcomb {Ach.).
torrida Gulick {Ach.) = rugosa Newcomb {Ach.)
tricolor Smith {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) .
triticea Gulick {Ach.) = oryza Pfeiffer {Leptach.) .
tuba Gulick {Ach.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.) .
tuberans Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.)
timief actus Gulick {Apex) = vittata Reeve {Ach.)
turbiniformis Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.)
turgida Newcomb {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.)
umbilicata Pfeiffer {Ach.) — petricola Newcomb {Amastra)
umbrosa Baldwin {Amastra) = pullata Baldwin {Amastra)
undosa Gulick {Ach.) ~ perdix Reeve {Ach.)
undulata Newcomb {Ach.) = curta Newcomb {Ach.) .
valida Pfeiffer {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. {Ach.) .
va}-ia Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) .
variabilis Pease {Carelia) = olivacea Pease {Carelia) .
vetitrosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = lorata Fer. {Ach.)
veuulata Newcomb {Ach.) = producfa Reeve {Ach.)
versicolor Gulick {Apex) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.)
vespertina Baldwin {Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. {Ach.)
vestita Mighels {Ach) = ? vittata Reeve {Ach.) .
virens Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.) .
viridans Reeve {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach.) .
volutata Gould {Limnaea) = oahuensis Souleyet {Limnaea)
wheatleyi Newcomb {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.).

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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

§ 5. List of unidentified, or erroneously recorded, forms.

antoni Pfeiffer {Helicind) .
aperta Lea {Succinea)
apicalis Ancey {Siccci?iea)
approximata Shuttlw. {Succinea)
crassilabris Philippi {Helicina)
exserta Pfeififer {Helix) .
ferruginea Baldwin {Amasfra)
fornicata Gould {Helix) .
fulgora Gould {Helicina) .
kauaiefisis Pfeiffer {Bulimus)
olesonii Baldwin {Achatinella)
pisum Philippi {Helicina)
pitdorina Gould {Succinea)
pumicatus Mighels {Bulimus)
pusilla Gould {Partula) .
sandwicensis Pfeiffer {Spiraxis)
sandiiiicliensis Pfeiffer {Helix)
striolata Pease {Opeas)
ienerritna Ancey {Succinea)
terrestris Pease {Partula)
testudinea Baldwin {Amastra)

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413

THE EARTHWORMS OF THE HAWAHAN ARCHIPELAGO.

By Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S., Prosector and Vice-Secretary of the

Zoological Society of London.

Some of the specimens which I have received from the Hawaiian archipelago have
been already described by me'. Since the publication of that paper Mr Perkins has
sent a second series of bottles containing a large number of fresh individuals. In the
present memoir upon the earthworm fauna of this part of the world I deal with the
entire series of specimens and attempt to give a complete account of all the earthworms
which have been described from the Hawaiian islands, whether they are or are not
contained in the collections which I have myself examined. The collections made by
Mr Perkins consist of so many individuals that they probably present a very fair speci-
men of the Oligochaetous fauna of Hawaii. It is therefore permissible to point out what
appear to me to be justifiable deductions from the material examined. The fact that the
second set of specimens contained hardly anything that was not in the first set supports
my contention that I have been able to study a very representative collection.

Dr Michaelsen" in criticising my previous paper upon this subject advanced the
opinion that there are no truly indigenous worms in these oceanic islands. I myself
pointed out the absence of really peculiar forms, a general feature of oceanic islands and
which at least argues their comparatively short existence. Dr Michaelsen attributes
the entire earthworm fauna to transference by man. A further study of the matter
inclines me to agree with him.

There are many species of Lumbricidae contained in the collections which I
have examined ; and the list which I gave originally can be increased. But the subject
does not demand, I believe, more than a mere list of the species. They are clearly to
be regarded as importations due to man.

' On some Earthworms from the Sandwich islands, &c. P. Z. S. 1896, pp. 194-2 11.
^ Oligochaeten von den Inseln des Pacific. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xii. 1899, p. 211.

414 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Allolobophora Savigny.

(i) Allolobophora putris Hoffm. (This apparently is the same as Kinberg's
' ' Hypogaeon kavaicum. ' ' )

(2) A. foetida (Savigny).

(3) A. caliginosa (Savigny).

(4) A. nordenskioldii Eisen.

(5) A. limicola Michaelsen.

(6) A. rosea (Savigny).

PoNTOscoLEX Schmarda.

Pontoscolex hawaiiensis Beddard, P. Z. S., 1896, p. 196.

The ubiquitous genus Pontoscolex occurs in the Hawaiian archipelago. I formed a
new species for the representatives of this genus which were collected by Mr Perkins
chiefly on the ground that the dorsal vessel was usually double for a certain extent.
Dr Michaelsen has criticised my conclusion ; and it may be that he is right. In any
case the genus and species which are at least hard to distinguish from the South
American P. corethrurus occur in the most widely separated regions of the globe.
Dr Eisen however' has lately commenced a detailed study of this genus, so that the
matter of the specific identity or difference of the specimens of Pontoscolex found
scattered over the world had better be left alone for the present.

Amyntas Kinberg.

The main earthworm inhabitants of this archipelago belong to the genus Amyntas
as I think (following Michaelsen') it should now be called. The much better name
Perickaeta was used for a Dipteran genus before it was applied to an earthworm ; and it
appears to me, in spite of the ingenious protest of Horst^ that there is no way of escaping
from the conclusion that a name once used cannot be resuscitated. One unrecognisable
species "Perickaeta corticis" has been described by Kinberg''. The remaining species
are the following : —

(i) Amyntas peregrinus Fletcher.

Perickaeta peregrhia Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2), i. p. 969.
Perickaeta 7ttolokaiensis Beddard, P. Z. S. 1896, p. 201.
Perickaeta floiveri Benham, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 217.

' Researches in American Oligochaela, &c. P. Calif. Ac. Sci. (3), 11. p. 87.

' Terricolen von verschiedeiien Gebieten der Erde. JB. Hamb. wiss. Anst. xvi. Beiheft 2.

^ Zool. Anzeig. 1890, p. 6.

^ Annulata nova. Ofv. k. Svensk. Ak. Forh. 1866.

EARTHWORMS 415

Michaelsen has suggested that the species which I described in my prehminary
paper as Perichaeta molokaieusis, is really identical with Fletcher's Perichaeta peregrina,
or is at least to be regarded as a " fragliches synonym." At the time that I described
that species I was not so convinced as I am now of the unimportance of size as a
distinguishing characteristic of species of this genus. Fletcher described his species as
being 19 cm. in length, i.e. nearly double the length of the individuals of ''Perichaeta
molokaieusis" examined by myself Moreover Fletcher has not given any details about
the clitellar setae, beyond stating that they are present. This again is a matter which
is apparently not of such importance as I thought ; that is to say, the same species may
have setae upon one, two or three or perhaps even none of the clitellar segments.

There can I think be no doubt as to the identity of Benham's ''Perichaeta
flowej'i" with the present species. Benham states that there are 12 setae between the
male pores, which is the number given by Fletcher. I counted 15 in my specimens.
But the difference is clearly negligible. Benham particularly mentions the clitellar
setae as being present on segment 16 only, a state of affairs which I found also. None
of the three forms comprised in the present species possess copulatory papillae ; hence
it is now probably to be taken as a character of this species. In this as in all other
points 1 can detect no differences between the descriptions of Benham and of myself.
We are clearly dealing with the same species, which being with very great probability —
almost amounting to certainty — identical with that described as " Perichaeta peregrina"
by Fletcher, must bear that name. I now give for the sake of others who may doubt
this identification a description of my specimens.

The two individuals of this species which I have examined were 103 and 81 mm.
respectively in length. The former specimen possessed 88 segments, the latter 93.

The prostomium is small and continued by grooves on to the first half of the first
segment.

The dorsal pores commence upon segments 10, 11, and are visible upon the
clitellum.

The clitellum occupies the usual segments, 14 — 16, and has few setae upon its last
segment.

The male pores are not jarominent and are separated by i 5 setae.

I observed no genital papillae.

The first septum separates segments 4, 5 ; none are thickened specially.

The gizzard occupies the usual segments which are not divided by septa.

The intestine begins in 1 5 ; the caeca are present and not large.

The sperm sacs are large and occupy segments 11, 12.

The spermiducal glands extend from segments 17 — 21 or 22; they are broken
up into lobes which have to some extent a relation to the segmentation of the gland.
The curved duct communicates directly with the exterior and not through the inter-
mediary of a terminal dilated sac.

F. H. II. 54

41 6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The spermathecae are four pairs in 6 — 9. The pouch is sharply marked off from
the long duct. The diverticulum ending in an oval dilatation is about as long as the
duct part of the main pouch.

Hab. Molokai and Mauna Loa.

(2) Ainyntas heterochaeta Mich.

Perichaeta heterochaeta Michaelsen, Abhandl. nat. Vereins Hamb. xi. p. 6.
P. indica Michaelsen, Arch. f. Naturg. 1892, jj. 33; nee/*, indica Horst, Vermes
in Midden Sumatra, iv. p. 4.

It is rather a curious fact that the non-identity of the worm which has been called
by many persons, including myself, Perichaeta indica with the species described by
Dr Horst under that name in the memoir quoted above has not been noticed. In that
memoir Dr Horst distinctly figures a terminal sac (" Kopulationstasche ") to the duct of
the "prostate" gland. His figures of " Eine Perichaeta von Java"' on the other hand
do not show this duct with such a terminal swelling and refer to the species which has
since been called Perichaeta indica. It is clear that the proper name to refer to this
specimen of Dr Horst must be Dr Michaelsen's name of Perichaeta heterochaeta, in
which no such copulatory pouch is mentioned and which in other respects agrees with
the worm which has everywhere received the name of Perichaeta indica. If it were
certain, which it is not, that M. Vaillant described only one species under the name of
Perichaeta cingulata, then that would have to be the name for the species described by
Horst, for it agrees in the presence of the terminal sac where the male gland opens on
to the exterior, and in some other points.

Dr Michaelsen would include as synonymous with this species my Perichaeta
nippojiica ; I think that that species may be synonymous. But that is a matter which I
shall enter into on a future occasion.

I now think that I was wrong in differentiating the species P. perkinsi. Dr
Michaelsen, chiefly for the reason that he received an example from Ceylon with papillae
near to the male pores, identified my species with the one called here Amyntas hetero-
chaeta. I should mention however that the fact that the union of the vas deferens
with the male duct is not until near to the external orifice appears to characterise at least
the individual which I examined. I found in glycerine preparation of two examples
of undoubted "indica" that there was the more general union shortly after the duct
emero;ed from the gland.

Dr Michaelsen and I myself have called attention to the variability which this
species exhibits in the presence and number of the anterior papillae and in the presence
or absence of the glandular part of the male terminal apparatus. Among the very

' Niederl. Arch. f. Zool. iv.

EAR THWORMS 4 1 7

numerous examples which I have examined from the Sandwich Islands I find the
following state of affairs with regard to these variable structures. In 22 examples there
were no glands at all ; 13 had glands ; in 26 specimens the glands were either small and
on both sides or only present and small or well developed on one side. The proportions
seem to show that the gland is disappearing. As to the head papillae — there were none
at all in 24 ; in 14 there were three pairs on 7, 8 ; in 3 there were pairs on 7, 8,
9 ; in one there were pairs on 8, 9 ; in 10 there was a pair on 8 ; in one there
were pairs on 6, 7, 8 ; in 52 there were various degrees of asymmetry, sometimes
none being present on one side.

Examples of the species were obtained on Maui, Mauna Loa Hawaii, Halemanu
Kauai, Kilauea Hawaii, Olaa Hawaii, Haleakala Maui, lao valley Maui, Honolulu
in imported earth from China.

(3) Amyntas hesperidum Beddard.

Perichaeta hesperidum F. E. Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 169.
Perichaeta sandvicensis Id., ibid. 1896, p. 203.

In my earlier paper upon this species founded upon the first gathering of Hawaiian
worms I instituted a new species for some smallish worms from several islands of the
archipelago. I have since re-examined the two original specimens of Amyntas hespei'i-
diim which I have still by me, and have compared them with some fresh individuals
undoubtedly belonging to the same species but coming from Hong Kong. The result
is that I have to make one or two slight corrections in my earliest account of
A. hespeHdum. I thought that I had noted a small terminal muscular bursa in that
species ; but on again studying the specimens and comparing them carefully with others
I find that what I took to be this distinctive structure was only the commencement of
the thick investing layers of the spermiducal gland duct as it traverses the body wall.
There is in fact no terminal bursa. In all the specimens the spermathecae, though
lying in segments 7 and 8, as I correctly stated, open backwards, i.e. in the inter-
segmental furrows 7, 8 ; 8, 9, as I also stated. I now find that this is also the case
with Perichaeta sandvicensis. The spermathecae as a rule lie in the 7th and 8th
segments but open at the posterior margins of those segments. In both worms the
diverticulum is coiled and the spermiducal gland has a rather sinuous duct which passes
rather forwards on its way from the gland to the exterior. In short I can detect no
differences at all between the individuals which I have referred to two species. The
older name must clearly have the priority and thus I must term these Sandwich Island
worms Amyntas hesperidum, inapt though the name undoubtedly is.

This is a prevalent species in the gatherings from the islands. In my preliminary
account of the Sandwich Island worms I recorded it from Mauna Loa, Lanai, Hawaii

54—2

4i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

and Molokai. I have seen in the second collection forwarded to me additional speci-
mens from Mauna Loa. I can thus improve somewhat upon my original description of
this species. It is a smallish slender worm measuring up to loo mm. in length with a
diameter of about 3 mm. The number of segments is curiously constant in the indivi-
duals which I selected for counting. In two the number was 105, in a third 104. The
lengths of these specimens varied somewhat — from 82 through 98 to 100 mm. It is
interesting to note the constancy of the number of segments. The differences in length
are of course not sufficient to be of importance and are to be accounted for by the
different degrees of contraction of the individuals.

The dorsal pores commence between segments 11, 12, and are visible upon the
clitellum.

The setae of a given series of segments number as follows : i. 2 i ; 5. 33 ; 12. 52 ;
16. 53. The setae of the first two segments are small; those of the next four are
stronger, after which segments they again diminish in size.

The clitellum is sharply marked off from the segments adjacent to it and both
commences and ends with its own proper segments. I could not discover any setae
upon it.

Neither could I find anyvi^here upon the body of the worms genital papillae. The
male pores are upon the usual segment ; they are slightly expanded transversely and
have therefore an eye-like outline. They are fairly conspicuous ; in one case the end
of the spermiducal gland duct was protruded for a little way. The two pores are
separated by 18 setae.

There are three fairly stout intersegmental septa in front of the gizzard which are
bound to each other by numerous muscular threads in the usual way ; after the gizzard
come two strong septa to the anterior of which the gizzard itself is bound at its posterior
end by at least five muscular straps. In a specimen from Lanai septum 8/9 was
present but thin.

The gizzard has the usual position that it has in this genus. The intestinal caeca
are present, but are small and simple ; they occupy not more than two segments.

The last of the "hearts" is in segment 13.

The two pairs of sperm sacs are in segments 11, 12 ; the sperm reservoirs as also
usual in segments 10, 11; of the latter the anterior pair are sometimes larger than the
posterior

The spermiducal glands are much incised and occupy not more than three
segments. Their muscular duct is longish and curved and is unprovided with a
terminal copulatory dilatation. As to the form of the spermiducal glands it is often
possible to use their characteristics as apparently valid specific distinctions. But it is
necessary to be accurate in their delineation and cautious as to laying too much stress
upon certain features in distinguishing species, as is shown by the present species. In
most of those which I examined the gland had a somewhat ear-like form, the lower

EARTHWORMS 419

margin curving upwards and forwards like the lobe of the ear. But in one example the
gland was quadrangular though only occupying four segments and deeply incised in
correspondence therewith.

I'he spermathecae are two pairs and lie in segments 7 and 8, but open on 7, 8 ;
8, 9. The oval pouch has a moderately long duct to which is appended a small twisted
diverticulum which is sometimes longer and sometimes shorter.

We can extract from the foregoing the following definition of the species :
Size small, 100 mm. ; number of segments 105. Dorsal pores from 11, 12.
Number of setae per segment up to 53. Clitellum 14 — 16, without setae.
No papillae. Septum 8/9 missing. Caeca present. Last heart in 13.
Sperm sacs 11, 12. Spermiducal glands not very large; duct without end sac.
Spermathecae 7, 8, with twisted tubular diverticulum.

Remarks. Dr Michaelsen has put forward grounds for believing that this
species is really Dr Horst's Amyntas annulata. I myself suspected a possible identity.
Dr Horst's original description of annitlafa, written some years ago when there was
no difficulty in distinguishing from each other the very few species of the genus at
that time known, was hardly complete enough for present requirements. He gives me
moreover by letter good reasons for denying the identity.

Nor is there much change required to derive this form from the prevalent Amyntas
hawayanus. I desire again to refer in connection with this possibility to a species
described by myself some years since as Perichaeta kcsperidu»i. That species, two
individuals, arrived together with a form which I shall refer to here, barbadcitsis.
The worm differs however from barbadensis (I have satisfied myself by a renewed
examination) in a number of points. The clitellum begins and ends sharply at the
boundary lines of segments 13, 14, and 16, 17, and has no setae. The spermathecae
are in segments 8, 9, or at any rate open on to the boundary lines 7, 8 ; S, 9. The
pouches differ from those of hazvayaniis in having much coiled diverticula ; the duct of
the spermiducal gland thins towards its end, is longish and rather curved and has not
really a terminal bulbus as I .said in my original description. I have since met with
other examples of the same worm from Hong Kong in a bottle containing also examples
of barbadensis. I have examined four of these, all that I had. They have no setae on
the clitellum, which commences and ends "sharply." The length is from 80 — 100 mm,
There are no genital papillae nor are there setae upon any segment of the clitellum.
The last heart is in segment 13 as is usual ; the caeca are quite normal in position and
present no special features of interest. The sperm sacs have a constricted-off free end
as in so many forms. The spermathecae are two pairs and lie in 8 and 9 or at least
open in the intersegmental grooves 7, 8 ; 8, 9. The diverticulum of the pouches is only
of moderate length — not so long or not longer than the pjouch — and is more or less

420 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

closely coiled. The duct of the spermiducal gland is directed rather forward, as is so
often the case in barbadensis, and is rather curved, especially at the end, where it is
distinctly thinner. This thin termination was not observable in one individual in which
the male pores had the appearance of being somewhat everted. These worms are
undoubtedly my hesperidum.

It is interesting to find from three distant parts of the world specimens of a worm
associated with a form from which they can be easily derived, by a reduction of the
number of spermathecae, and by an emphasising of the slightly coiled diverticulum of
the parent (.'') form, by the loss of genital papillae and setae on the clitellum. The
coincidences are at least noteworthy.

If we are to assume that the migration of the genus Aviyiitas from the Oriental
region is due always to the interference of man, it is most peculiar that they should have
been exported in lots of corresponding species. I do not however at present do more
than emphasise the facts which are as has been stated above.

(4) Amyntas hawayanus Rosa.

Perichaeta hawayana Rosa, Ann. k. k. Hofmus. Wien, 1891, p. 396.

PericJiaeta berviudensis Beddard, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 160

Perichaeta barbadensis Beddard, ibid. p. 167.

Perichaeta morrisi Beddard, ibid. p. 166.

Perichaeta mauritiana Beddard, ibid. p. 1 70.

Perichaeta mandhorensis Michaelsen, Arch. f. Naturg. 1892, p. 241.

Perichaeta pallida Michaelsen, ibid. p. 227.

Perichaeta amazonica Rosa, Atti R. Ac. Torino, 1894, p. 4.

Perichaeta ciipnlifcra Fedarb, Proc. Zool. Soc. i8g8, p. 445.

The collection contains a considerable number of examples of A. hawayanus.
These show so many variations that I believe myself to be able to justify the above
rather formidable list of synonyms, which are a little more extensive than the list given
by Dr Michaelsen' in a recent paper. My original description of Perichaeta bermu-
densis was published when I was unaware of Dr Rosa's Perichaeta hawayana, though
his publication' seems to antedate mine. I was led in my " Monograph of the Oligo-
chaeta " to adhere to my species bcrmitdensis on account of the fact that Dr Rosa did
not mention in his description the larger size of the setae upon the anterior segments,
nor the presence of setae upon the last segment of the clitellum. The number of
papillae in the neighbourhood of the male pores seemed too to be different in the two
series of worms from Hawaii and from the Bermudas. In the series of specimens in the

^ Die Terricolen des Madagassischen Inselgebietes. Abh. senck. naturf. Ges. 1897, p. 234.
^ Die exotischen Terricolen, &c. Ann. k. k. Hofmus. Wien 1891, p. 396.

EARTHWORMS 42 1

collection made by Mr Perkins I find the following variations in structure, from what
may perhaps be regarded as the typical organisation of this species. The number of
the papillae in the neighbourhood of the male pores varies ; I have found only one or
two, three or four; Rosa says two or three. In one example however I found six of
these papillae on each side.

The number of the papillae therefore does not allow of a separation of /iazmya?nts
and bermudcnsis.

The setae upon the anterior segments are larger than those which follow ; in one
example segments 4 — 7 were furnished with these larger setae. This was originally
one of the reasons for separating bei^7nudensis from Jiawayanus.

The clitellum was described by Rosa to stop short at the middle or thereabouts of
the 1 6th segment. I have observed both this arrangement and that generally found
in bermudensis, i.e. that the clitellum does not commence accurately at the beginning of
the 14th segment while it stops short as in the typical hawayanus. In one example the
clitellum was exactly coincident with segments 14 — 16.

The clitellum has usually setae upon its last segment, i.e. the i6th of the body.
There are ten to fifteen of these setae. In two examples I could see no setae anywhere
upon the clitellum. This seems to have been the case with the individuals examined
by Rosa. A. bermudensis appears to always have setae upon this segment.

A feature not yet recognised in the worms which I referred to the species hernui-
densis was found in two examples ol hawayanus. In one of them there was a pair of
papillae anterior in position lying on the 7th segment near to its posterior end and the
orifices of the spermathecae. In a ripe individual there was but one of these papillae,
that of the right side. This fact will be seen presently to bear upon the identity of the
present species with others hitherto supposed to differ specifically from it. As to
internal characters the caecum of the intestine has not always the series of short out-
growths on the under surface that has been described for this species and for bermuden-
sis. The spermiducal gland is generally long, occupying segments i 7 — 22 about. Some-
times the duct is given off at the top when the gland commences in segment 17. In
one specimen the gland was much abbreviated and lay only in 18, 19 on one side and
17, 18 on the other. This looks like a commencing loss of the gland which is known
to occur in some other species, e.g. Aniyntas heterochaeta. The spermathecae seem
always to lie in segments 6, 7, 8. In one example they were particularly large ; but, as
this individual had no other features which seemed to remove it from the species, the
difference in size (the pouches were as large as the gizzard) does not seem to be more
than a variation to be neglected for systematic purposes.

The size of Amyntas hawayanus varies to some extent. The greatest and least
lengths which I observed were 150 and 69 mm. The number of segments varied
between 97 and 73.

Next as to the identity of Amyntas haivayanus with A. barbadensis — the original

42 2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

specimens of the latter were described by me from Kew Gardens, where they had been
received from Barbados. In the collection of Sandwich- Islands worms before me there
are a number of specimens of this species found at Honolulu in earth imported from
China. Of these I have examined seven individuals.

Their size presents no difficulty for identification. They vary from 99 to 140 mm.
The clitellum occupies segment 14 to about the middle of segment 16. In two
specimens I found setae to be limited to the i6th segment; in the others there were
setae on all the clitellar segments, but very few on 14 and 15. In one specimen the
numbers on the three segments beginning with 14 are 8, 3, 15 ; in another 2, 2, 10.
These figures agree broadly with my previous observations upon this species.

In several cases I found that the setae upon the anterior segments of the body are
as in Aniyntas hawayanus larger than those posteriorly. Segments 3 — 8 appeared to
be thus distinguished.

The arrangement of the genital papillae is as follows :

There are either two or three in the neighbourhood of the male pores, sometimes
only one. They lie either in an oblique row or in the case where there are two, one
behind the other. There is in fact no difference here from the conditions which obtain
in haivayanus.

In addition to these posteriorly placed genital papillae there are anterior papillae.
One individual had a pair on segment 7 ; another a median papilla on the same seg-
ment. There is here again no practical difference from A. haiuayanus.

As to internal characters the prevalent number of spermathecae is three pairs
situated as are those of A. hawayanus. In one specimen only were there but two pairs
of these organs placed in segments 6, 7. The sperm sacs often, but not always, show a
constriction near to the free end, by which a small " knob " is divided off from the rest
of the sac. As in A. hawayanus there are at least often two pairs of egg sacs in
segments 13, 14. The spermiducal glands are long, occupying segments 17 — 21, as in
A. haivayanus, and as in that species there is no terminal " Kopulationstasche " into
which the duct of the gland opens. A character which seems to be peculiar to these
worms is the occasional duplication of the dorsal vessel. I found this in four out of
seven examples ; the doubling commenced at the 20th segment or thereabouts, and the
tube became single again about the 25th. The doubling was complete, the two halves
not uniting at the septa where they traversed those plates. Of these variable characters
there are only three which do not seem to occur in examples which have been referred
to A. hawayanus and A. bermudensis. These are : setae upon segments 14, 15 ; occa-
sional doubling of dorsal vessel ; knob-like processes of sperm sacs ; the presence of
only two pairs of spermathecae. Were these or some of these characters united
invariably together we might indeed separate the specimens as a different species ; but
they do not. The one example with spermathecae in 6 and 7 only had, it is true, no

EARTHWORMS 423

marked difference in size between the anterior and the posterior setae found elsewhere
among the examples ; and it had a median papilla upon the 7th segment, this segment
being occupied in others by a pair of similar papillae. These characters however do
not always coincide, for in my original paper describing the species Perichaeta barba-
densis, I recorded the fact that in an individual with two pairs of spermathecae there
was a single median papilla upon the 7th segment, as well indeed as another occupying
a similar place in the i8th. To make a species of this worm we must characterise it by
the two pairs of spermathecae and the median anterior instead of paired anterior
papillae, as well as by the greater uniformity in the size of the body setae generally.
In view of the variations which occur in individuals which no one would thus separate
it seems to be unreasonable at least in the meantime to do this.

I may perhaps be allowed to point out that I was justified on the facts as originally
known in making a new species for these worms. They then differed as far as was
known from Perichaeta haivayatia in having setae upon all segments of the clitellum, in
possessing anterior as well as posterior genital papillae, and finally by generally having
but two pairs of spermathecae.

I shall now consider the probable identity of these forms with Perichaeta morrisi.
This species was originally distinguished from its allies by the following assemblage of
anatomical features: small size, 52mm. with however 93 segments; two pairs of
spermathecae in 6, 7 ; median papillae in 7, 8 ; glandular bodies in the neighbourhood
of the male pores were not seen to open by papillae ; but such glands are usually
associated with papillae. Rosa' described later examples of what appears to be the
same species. His examples were larger (up to 80 mm.); setae present on all of the
segments instead of only 16; clitellum occupying the whole of segments 14 — 16
instead of stopping towards the middle of 16 ; glands near male pores ; in one example
a median papilla upon tS was noted ; others showed variation in the anterior papillae,
in one a median papilla on 6 and a pair on 7 closely approximated in the middle line
with a more lateral pair on the same segment and a median papilla on 8. Another had
median papillae on 6 — 8 ; a third one only on 7. Dr Rosa also found, though it was in
a rudimentary condition, the septum separating segments 8, 9.

I have been able to compare with these descriptions some worms from Hong
Kong among my stores of Oligochaeta. I examined many of these which I refer to
the same species.

One was 93 mm. long ; two papillae lay by each male pore, and on 7 there were
three papillae, one median and two lateral. Setae were present on all segments of the
clitellum. In other characters I found no differences from Perichaeta morrisi as
described.

In a second individual of 80 mm. length there were also two pores in the neigh-

' Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra &:c. Ann. Mus. civ. Geneva ser. 2a xvi. p. 516.
F. H. II. SS

424 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

bourhood of the male pores, but side by side, instead of one in front of the other.
Setae of clitellum only on i6.

In a third there was but one papilla to each male pore, and the setae on the
clitellum were limited to i6. None of these latter had any anterior genital papillae.
A fourth example was 94 mm. in length, with setae only on the last segment of
clitellum; the sperm sacs as in the species generally in segments 11, 12, but provided
with the small terminal knobs such as I have just referred to in Perichaeta barbadensis.
The spermathecae appeared to be in 7, 8, instead of 6, 7. In all the prostates were
long and had no terminal bulb. I need not enumerate in detail the various arrange-
ments of the genital papillae in these examples from Hong Kong ; but I may state
generally that they varied excessively in this particular. There were often two to four
papillae on the i8th segment between the male pores; it was very general to find a
pair of papillae on segment 19 corresponding in position to the male pores on the fore-
going segment. I observed a median papilla on each of segments 6 — 8 in one
individual ; one was anomalous by reason of the fact that the 7th segment had no less
than six papillae arranged in an irregular line along the middle of that segment. The
spermathecae were as a rule two pairs in 6, 7. But this character was not absolutely
fixed. One specimen had an additional spermatheca in the 8th segment, but on the
right side only. In this individual moreover the generally missing septum 8 was present,
a circumstance which Rosa has stated for Perichaeta niorrisi. Among the same worms
there were three specimens of rather larger size. One of these was 135 mm. long and
was the largest. It has 90 segments. In it the papillae were as much reduced as they
ever are in this species. The larger worms with the fewer papillae and three pairs of
spermathecae I consider to be the more typical hawayanzis. In this individual (to
resume) the sperm sacs had constricted apices ; the spermathecae three pairs in 6 — 8.
One papilla only to inside of male pore; setae on 16, those of segments 3 — 7 about
enlarged. Obviously the same as this, but a little smaller, was a worm with two
papillae by male pore and a single median one on 7. These larger specimens have the
duct of the spermiducal gland bent into an U-shape ; in the smaller and more papillated
worms the duct is usually slightly curved more in the direction of a large semicircle.
If we are to accept this as a species we can find no character not found in examples of
the forms already treated of, except that the two pairs of spermathecae may be a
segment further behind. This seems to be hardly enough as a character whereby to
separate the species.

With regard to the identity of Perichaeta majiritiana I must chiefly refer to
Dr Michaelsen. I may observe however that in the position of the spermathecae and
the presence of setae upon one segment only of the clitellum, this supposed species
agrees with an individual which I found myself unable to definitely distinguish from the
form which I have called Perichaeta niorrisi.

In two individuals which I refer to this species, and which are not the same that

EARTHWORMS 425

formed the basis of my original description of the species, I found the following
characters. The length of one was 76 mm. There are a row of four papillae to the
inside of each male pore. The setae on segments 3 — 7 are particularly strong. I
found setae on the last segment of the clitellum, i.e. 16. The sperm sacs have a
constricted extremity. The spermiducal glands are long, extending through segments
17 — 22. The spermathecae are in segments 6 — 8; on one side of the body was an
additional pouch in segment 9. A second individual was much the same, but had only
three papillae by each male pore and no traces of an additional spermatheca. In my
original description of Perichaeta mauritiana I described only two pairs of spermathecae
in segments 7, 8. I cannot now lay my hands on that specimen. I may however
observe that a renewed examination of one of the worms which I originally referred to
barbadensis, seems to have its two pairs of spermathecae in 7, 8, and not as I stated in
6, 7. In any case the difference does not seem to me to be important. With the
present species will have to be merged I think Perichaeta cupulifera. There are at
least no differences of great importance to distinguish that form from Dehra Dun.
There is to be seen the same kind of range in the variability of the papillae which are
from as small a number as only one in front of and behind each male pore to twelve or
so in the neighbourhood of those pores.

Dr Michaelsen thinks that his Perichaeta pallida is not to be confused with
Perichaeta hazvayana. He bases this distinction upon the fact that in pallida the
anterior setae are not much enlarged, as they are in hawayana, and that the male pores
are more closely approximated. As to the former it would be necessary to separate
from barbadensis one of the individuals which I have described above as belonging to
that " species " if this opinion is correct. There is at least quite as much reason for
uniting this species with the series concerning which the present remarks are offered,
as for including Rosa's P. amazonica. Rosa says nothing about the increased size of
the anterior setae. The fact that the clitellum has none will not I hope, after the
remarks contained in the present paper, be considered as sufficient to discriminate the
species.

In Dr Michaelsen's description of Perichaeta mandhorcnsis there are no salient
points which serve to discriminate it from the present species. It has larger setae on
segments 2 — 9 : the caeca have the crenated appearance below that is at least often
found in hawayana. There is one papilla near each male pore ; the three spermathecae
occupy the same segments ; the spermiducal glands are without the terminal sac.
The sperm sacs are divided (as in some individuals of the present species) by a
constriction. There is in short nothing of importance in the description which warrants
a separation.

55-

426 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Amyntas schmardae Horst.

Megascolex schmardae Horst, Notes Leyd. Mus. 1883, p. 194.
Perichaeta trityphla Beddard, P. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 205.
Perichaeta vesiculata Goto and Hatai, Annot. Zool. Japon. in. p. 21.

It is rather curious that in an appendix to my account of the earthworms of the
Sandwich Islands I should have described from Barbados a species which I regarded
as new and described as Perichaeta trityphla. Curious since I have subsequently found
many specimens of this worm in gatherings from Honolulu at 2000 feet of altitude and
also in earth imported from Hong Kong. I think that Michaelsen' is probably right in
identifying my trityplila with the long known species schmardae. But at the same time
it must be borne in mind that the condition of the caeca, which I thought to be distinc-
tive of trityphla, has not been described in the original specimens of schmardae.
These caeca, I may say, vary in number from three to six on each side, and the two
sides are not always symmetrical in this respect. The occurrence of such caeca seems
to mark the species as a native of Japan — one of the most prominent characteristics of
the species of that island being the frequent complication of the caeca. I think that
there can be no doubt that Perichaeta vesiculata of Goto and Hatai is the same species.
There is positively no feature in their rather short description of the so-called vesiculata,
which does not fit in with the facts observed in the anatomy of schmardae and trityphla.

' Oligochaeten von den Inseln des Pacific. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xu. p. 224.

427

ENTOZOA'. "^^^'--.-o-

By Arthur E. Shipley, Fellow and Tutor of Christ's College, Cambridge, and
University Lecturer in the Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrata.

The Hawaiian Archipelago or the Sandwich Islands are separated by some 2350
miles from the mainland and by about the same distance from any other group of
inhabited islands. Hence, as might be expected, their fauna is highly specialized, and
although we know very little about the Entozoa of this island group, two at least of the
forms described, living within the bodies of birds characteristic of the country, are new
and up to the present time have not been recorded from elsewhere.

But although the Hawaiian Archipelago is so far from other lands it is a much
frequented spot. Since the Spaniards first found it, before the visits in 1778 of Captain
Cook, it has by degrees become one of the meeting places of the world. Its position
"at the cross-roads of the North Pacific" on the line of the great marine trade-routes
between Northern America, Japan, China and Australia has attracted to its harbours
men of all nations, so that, like Singapore, it has a most mi.xed population. And man
has brought not only his own parasites with him but has imported his domesticated
cattle with their entozoa.

What little I have been able to find out about the human parasites in the Sandwich
Islands I owe to a paper by Dr A. Lutz^, and as the parasites he mentions are well
known and almost cosmopolitan I have said little about them, still they should be
mentioned in a Fauna Hawaiiensis, for though probably the majority of them have been
introduced and may not be endemic, this is not certainly the case and is susceptible of
no proof

' I have much pleasure in thanking Prof. E. Ray Lankester for permission to reprint matter and figures
from the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; Mr Shipley has availed himself of this permission in
his communication. Editor.

' Centrbl. Bakter. xni. 1893, p. 126.

428 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

I. NEMATODA.
The following Nematodes are recorded by Dr Lutz : —

(i) Ascaris himbricoides L.

This was found with Ancylostoma duodenale but also — and this was especially the
case in children — alone. It is said to be very common among the poorer inhabitants.

(2) Trichocephalus dispar Rud.

This was determined only from eggs which passed from the intestine. It appeared
to be widely distributed but not in very great numbers.

(3) Oxyurus verniicularis L.

Observed in one white family who had become infected through an adopted child.
It is a very common parasite among the poor.

(4) Strongyloides intestmalis Bavery.

This parasite was observed in company with Ancylostoma duodenale, but in the
larval state. It apparently produced no special symptoms, and Dr Lutz repeats his
doubts as to its beins: the cause of the so-called Cochinchina-diarrhoea.

(5) Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini.

The anaemia and accompanying troubles due to the presence of this parasite are
very common in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Dr Lutz found it only amongst the
Portuguese, employed for the most part in the sugar plantations and careless about
their supply of drinking water. These Portuguese came not from Europe but from
Madeira and the Azores and it seems probable that they brought their parasites with
them. Dr L. F. Alvarez of the "Hospital for the Treatment of Leprosy" tells me
that this entozoon is very common amongst the Portuguese labourers of the city of
Hilo and its neighbourhood in the Island of Hawaii. It produces a very severe form
of anaemia.

(6) Sclerostomum armatum Dies.

This parasite was found in the Horse and at least in one district was the cause of
the death of the host.

(7) Filaria iminitis Leidy.

Found in the heart of dogs. It is widely spread through the Pacific Islands'.

' Shipley, P. Cambridge Soc. vni. 1892 — 5, p. 211.

ENTOZOA 429

II. PLATYHELMINTHES.

A. Trematoda.
(i) Distoma clavatuni Rud.

Found in the stomach of the Coryphaena hippziris. Several other unidentified
species of Trematode were met with in other fish.

(2) Distoma hcpaticitni'^ L.

The presence of this parasite caused a veritable epizootic amongst the cattle on
many of the islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Horses, though to a less extent,
and wild swine are also said to have suffered. Dr Lutz was successful in cultivatino-
the embryos of the Fluke, and he also succeeded in finding and observing the develop-
ment of the Redia in the fresh-water snail Limnaeus pereger. In his second paper'
Dr Lutz gives the opinions of certain distinguished conchologists on the species of water
snails which he found infected with the larvae of Distoma. These Molluscs seem to
afford matter for a considerable amount of disagreement and the reader is referred to
this paper for the details of the subject. Dr Alvarez, to whose kindness I am indebted
for several details in this paper, tells me that this Fluke sometimes attacks man.

B. Cestoda.
(i) Drtpanidotacjiia hemignathi'- Shipley.

Plate XIII.

The specimens of this tapeworm, of which I received but ten, are all small ; they
vary in length from 10 mm. to 22 mm. The head is very small ; immediately behind
it, there being practically no neck, the body begins to broaden out, and in some
specimens the proglottides attain a width of 2 mm. The segmentation of the body
commences immediately behind the head, and is very well marked a little further back.
The posterior border of each segment overlaps the succeeding one with a prominent
edge or rim ; this is well shown in longitudinal section (fig. 6). The number of
segments varies from some fifty to sixty to over a hundred. The measurements given
above are about the average, but, as is well known, tapeworms are extremely extensible
animals, and this to a great extent diminishes the value of figures quoted in reference to
their size. In some of my specimens the body is stretched, and the length of the seg-
ments equals one-half or even two-thirds of their breadth, but in the commoner forms
the segments are very short and broad, sometimes eight or ten times as broad as long.
They are flattened, as is seen in transverse section, and sometimes, especially towards

' Centrbl. Bakter. ix. 1892, p. 783, and xiii. 1893, p. 320.

'- The description of this species is reprinted (with certain aherations) from the Quart. J. Micr. Sci. XL.
1898, p. 613.

430 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the posterior end, the whole body is hollowed so that each segment is curved. The
most posterior segments, which are crowded with embryos well advanced in their
development, are rounder, less flattened, longer, and they readily broke off.

I was not able to detect any genital pore on the exterior even with the aid of
powerful lenses, but sections (figs. 4 and 6) and stained mounted specimens show that
it is on the same side of the body in all the segments.

The head of the tapeworm bears four suckers, and in the midst of them is the
rostellum (figs. 3, 8 and 9). The shape of the head is very various : in some cases the
suckers are, as it were, hunched up and lie at each corner of a square, the lateral
diameter of which does not exceed the dorso-ventral (fig. 8) ; in other specimens the
head is not separated from the body by a deep constriction, but is flattened and spread
out (fig. 7), so that the lateral suckers are separated from one another by a space con-
siderably wider than that which lies between the dorsal and the ventral suckers.

The rostellum is minute and sunk in a pit (fig. 3) ; it bears a wreath of ten hooks.
In all the specimens which I cut into sections, and I think in the others as well, the
rostellum was retracted, the points of the hooks folded in against the a.xis of the
rostellum, and not reaching so far forward as the mouth of the pit. When the animal is
fixed to the mucous membrane of its host this rostellum is doubtless protruded from its
sheath, and the hooks are divaricated. Certain muscle-fibres which run from the base
of the rostellum, and lose themselves in the parenchyma, probably serve to retract it.

The hooks are slightly curved, and the projection which corresponds with the inner
fork of the more triradiate hooks of other genera is hardly, if at all, marked (fig. 2).
Measuring in a straight line from the base to the tip the hooks are 18 — 23/^ in
length, thus corresponding pretty closely with those of Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris
which, according to Railliet', measure 20 to 23 ^a, and to those of D. lanceolata, which
measure 25 to 31 /a.

The four suckers present no peculiarities ; they are deeply cupped, with a small
orifice to their lumen, but probably they are capable of considerable change of form
(fig. 9). They are probably retracted by some muscle-fibres which cross one another
and run into the parenchyma.

The segmentation of the body begins immediately behind the suckers ; at first the
segments are very short, but they gradually increase in size throughout the first three-
quarters of the length of the body. For the last quarter the segments are crowded
with embryos ; they become in this region much narrower, more cylindrical in shape,
and longer, and are very easily broken off. The posterior free edge of the segments of
the anterior two-thirds of the body is sharp, and may overlap the segment behind, or
may stand out clearly from it.

The water-vascular system is well developed; on each side of the body are two
longitudinal canals, — one, the ventral, much bigger than the other, or dorsal. The
' Traite de Zoologie medicale et agricole, Paris, 1895.

ENTOZOA 431

lining of the former seems to be a structureless cuticle with no cells especially related to
it, but the wall of the dorsal vessel is surrounded by a number of small deeply stained
cells (fig. 4). I did not see any communication between the vessels of one side, but
the larger vessels communicate as usual, one with another, by a transverse vessel
running from side to side along the posterior border of each segment. In the head the
vessels all communicate. In some of the better preserved sections such structures as
are depicted in fig. 10 were seen : these may or may not be flame-cells ; they look
rather like them. No valves were seen in the course of the vessels.

The lateral nerve-cords are well marked, lying externally to the ventral excretory
canals ; they fuse together in the head, forming a ganglion which is indicated in fio-. 3.
No traces of the nerve-ring described by Tower' as running round the posterior end of
each segment of Moniezia, or of the secondary nerves described by the same observer,
were to be seen. But these, if present, probably require fresh material and special
methods of preservation to make them manifest. Special nerve-cells, described below,
are scattered through the parenchyma of the body.

The histology — at least in some specimens — could be fairly well made out, and
agrees roughly with what Blochmann has described in Ligtila monogramma' . The
whole body is covered by a cuticle, the outer fifth of which stains more deeply than the
remainder. Within this, with a high power, a number of dots or knobs become visible
(fig. 10). These are the swollen terminations of certain strands or processes of the
ectoderm cells. The cells themselves, as Blochmann has shown, lie removed to some
distance from the cuticle they secrete, but are in contact with it by means of the above-
mentioned processes ending in the knobs.

The ectoderm cells are not all at one level, but on the whole form a fairly well-
marked layer. Each cell is fusiform in shape, and produced into two or three processes,
which project both peripherally and centrally. They contain large and well-marked
nuclei. Neither the cells nor their processes are laterally in contact ; they are separated
one from another to varying extents by the intrusion of some of the parenchymatous
network which makes up so much of the body of a Cestode.

This parenchyma consists of a meshwork which permeates everywhere the body of
the tapeworm, surrounding all the organs, and often, as is the case with the ectoderm
and the muscles, passing in between their constituent cells. In the spaces of the mesh-
work there is believed to be a fluid. The meshwork itself is secreted and nourished by
certain large star-shaped cells which are irregularly scattered through the parenchyma,
and which give off processes in all directions (fig. 10).

Round the generative glands this parenchymatous network becomes condensed,
the spaces disappear, and it forms a close sheath to the ovary, testis, &c. At the
posterior end of each segment it is also somewhat condensed, and in section presents

' Zool. Anz. vol. XIX. 1896, p. 323.

' Die Epithelfrage bei Cestoden und Trematoden, Hamburg, 1896.

F. H. II. 56

432 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the appearance of a well-marked double line, which is very characteristic, and is well
shown in fig. 6.

Scattered amongst the parenchyma are certain faintly stained cells which seem to
be bipolar, and which differ from the cells of the parenchyma both in shape and in their
powers of absorbing the staining reagents. These I take to be nerve-cells which are
in communication with the nerve-fibres of the lateral cords. The latter are entirely
devoid of any nerve-cells on their course.

Muscle-fibres are scattered through the substance of the body, and one set of
longitudinal muscles are most definitely arranged. This layer is situated just below the
epidermis in the anterior part of the segment, but as the latter increases in size
posteriorly, the cylinder of muscle-fibres, which retains the same diameter throughout,
comes to lie more deeply in the tissues. These muscles, like the nervous system and
excretory canals, run from segment to segment ; some of them, if not all, end in the
cuticle, where it is most bent in at the posterior end of each segment. Laterally the
fibres are not in contact, being separated by considerable intervals. Their regular
arrangement is shown in fig. 5.

In the posterior segments, which are so ripe that the slightest touch breaks them
off, the parenchyma has undergone considerable degeneration, the cells are less clear, and
the spaces of the meshwork are larger and more irregular.

The generative organs begin to arise very early in the series of segments. Already
in the eighth or tenth segment clusters of cells are segregating, and their deep staining
shows that they belong to the gonads. In the se.xually ripe segments the ovary is
centrally placed, and is supported on each side by a lobe of the testis. From the latter
a fine vas deferens leads into an extensive vesicula seminalis, which is as a rule crowded
with spermatozoa ; from this a muscular duct leads to the unilateral genital pore. I
was unable to make out the details of the penis, and similarly I failed to detect any
yolk-gland amongst the female genitalia.

The vagina leads at once into a large receptaculum seminis, whose walls were
strengthened by a series of cuticular-looking rings, whose cut ends are shown in
figs. 4 and 6. This communicates both with the oviduct and with the uterus. The
latter presents no special points of interest ; in the posterior segments it contains the
typical three-hooked larvae, each segment containing at least one hundred and probably
more.

Classification.

In his paper on taenias in birds, Dr Fuhrmann' remarks that of the 240 odd
species of tapeworm described from avian hosts, only twenty-one have been studied
anatomically ; the remainder are but little more than names, and probably many of the
names are of doubtful validity.

' Rev. Suisse Zool. tome in. 1895 — 6, p. 433.

ENTOZOA 433

A certain amount of order has been introduced into this mass of material by the
establishment of certain sub-groups, and by the giving of a new generic name to the
members of these subdivisions; thus in 1891 Blanchard and Railliet' established the
genus Davainea ; in 1892 Railliet" suggested two new generic names, Drepanidotaenia
and Dicranotaenia, for certain tapeworms inhabiting, for the most part, domestic birds.
These are characterised chiefly by the nature of the hooks. In the following year
Diamare' founded the genus Cotiignia, in which the generative organs are double and
have two pores, but which is distinct from the genus Dipylidium of Leuckart. All
these genera are characteristic avian tapeworms, and are, with but very few excep-
tions, confined to birds.

There is little doubt that the tapeworm which I have described above from the
intestine of Heviignatlms proceriis corresponds with a Drepanidotaenia of Railliet^ who
defines his genus as follows :

" Tapeworms provided with a simple crown of uniform hooks, which are usually
few in number ; the outer limb (manche) of the forked base of the hooks is much longer
than the inner (garde), which is always slight ; the point is directed backwards when
the rostrum is withdrawn. The majority live in the intestines of aquatic birds. Their
larva is a Cysticercoid, and is found encysted in the bodies of small fresh-water
Crustacea."

Railliet describes eight species of Drepanidotaenia ; in one of these the genital
pores are on alternate sides of the body in successive segments ; the remaining seven
species are unilateral in this respect, but they fall into two groups, — one, with three
species, in which the number of hooks is eight ; and the other, with four species, in
which the number of hooks is ten.

It is to this latter group that we must add the tapeworm from H. procerus. The
four species D. anatina, D. sinaosa, D. setigera, and D. tennirostris differ inter se in
several respects, but perhaps the simplest way of determining the species is by measuring
their hooks. Of these four species, D. hemignathi most nearly resembles D. tenni-
rostris, which occurs in certain of the ducks ; it differs, however, markedly in size, being
hen mature about 4 to -Ar the length of the last named. It resembles D. tennirostris

5 '-'-' T2- "-'ic '^"g

in the length of its hooks in the head, which in the latter are 20 — 23 /a, in the former

are 18 to 23 /x ; but whereas the hooks of the embryo are about the same length in the

new species, i.e. about 20 /^, in D. tennirostris they are but 7 /a. The neck is short, not

long as in the last-named species, and the eggs are small, about 40 — 50 ^u, in diameter,

and spherical in shape, not cylindrical as Krabbe' figures them, with a length of 85 /x.

The hooks also differ in shape ; those of D. tennirostris have a much more strongly

' Mem. Soc. Zool. France, tome iv. 1891, p. 420.

" Ibid, tome xvn. 1892, p. 115.

' Boll. Soc. Napoli, ser. i, vol. vii. 1893, p. 9.

* Traite de Zoologie medicale et agricole, Paris, 1895, p. 298.

^ Danske Selslc. Skr. vni. 1870, p. 249.

56—2

434 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

developed process corresponding with the inner limb of the forked base than occurs in
D. hemignathi.

The species, which I named after its host, may be characterised as follows :

(i) Drepanidotaenia he7iiignathi Shipley.

D. hemignatJii Shipley, Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xl. p. 620.

Length i — 2'2 centimetres; breadth, in the middle of the body, 2 millimetres.
Head flattened and compressed, rostrum with a crown of ten hooks ; each hook
18 — 23 /LA in length, and with but a slight trace of the inner limb of the forked base.
Neck short. The first segments are short, but they very soon (eighth or tenth) show
traces of reproductive organs. Genital pore unilateral. The posterior limit of each
segment is sharply defined, and forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the sides.
Egg spherical, diameter about 40 — 50 ju,. The three pairs of embryonic hooks measure
about 20 /u, each in length.

Hab. Hemignathus procerus. Sandwich Islands : in the intestine.

(2) Mr Perkins has also given me two or three specimens of a tapeworm from
a Loxops, sp. This bird, like the Hoiiignatlms, is a member of the family Dre-
panididae, which is confined to the Sandwich Islands. Unfortunately the specimens
are without their head, and I am unable to identify them. They differ markedly
from the Drepanidotaenia described above.

(3) Echinococcits ?.

Echinococcus is mentioned by Dr Lutz as occurring occasionally amongst cattle
killed for the market.

(4) Taenia crassicollis Rud.
This cysticercus larva of this species was found by Dr Lutz in Mus decumajius.

(5) Taenia solium L.
The entozoon is said to be very uncommon, but is occasionally met with.

III. ACANTHOCEPHALA.
(i) Apororhynchus heinignathi^ Shipley.

In the summer of 1894 I received from Mr Perkins seven small parasites which he
had noticed adhering lightly to the skin around the anus, but beneath the skin, of a
species of bird, Hemignathus procerus, which he collected in the island of Kauai. Each

Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xxxix. p. 207 and xlii. p. 361.

ENTOZOA 435

of these parasites was divided into three regions,— a head, a collar, and a trunk ; and, in
fact, they have an almost ludicrous resemblance to a young Balanoglossus with one or
two gill- slits (figs. II, 12, and 13). On investigating their anatomy it at once became
evident that the animals belonged to the group Acanthocephala, and, further, that they
differed from the other members of the group in the absence of what is perhaps their
most characteristic organ,— from which, indeed, they take their name — the hooked
proboscis or introvert. Careful inspection failed to reveal any trace of a scar or mark
where the introvert might have been broken off; and although in the absence of hooks
and introvert sheath, &c., the anterior part of the body which I have called the head is
as unlike the typical introvert as possible, still in its relation to the lemnisci and to the
ligament it occupies the position of that organ, and until we can get further information
I think the best plan is to regard this part of the body as equivalent to the eversible
part of more normal forms.

The second of the three regions into which the body is externally divided is shorter
than the head and smaller in diameter ; it may be termed the collar. The third or
posterior region, which may be called the trunk, is the longest and the most slender of
the three ; behind it tapers to a point where the orifice of the genital duct is situated,
and this end of the animal is always a little turned up (figs. 11, 12, 13, 17 and 23). The
exterior of the collar and trunk are smooth or lightly wrinkled, but the head is covered
with a number of small depressions or pits which give it a very characteristic appear-
ance, and which are well seen in sections. The head is attached to the collar by a
narrow neck, which is surrounded and concealed by the edge of the collar. This is
obvious in sections (figs. 15 and 23). All the specimens were somewhat shrivelled and
apparently distorted. The largest measured 3 '5 mm. in length, the smallest 2-5 mm. ;
had they been fully distended they would probably have been i to i '5 mm. longer.
The body-cavity of the head is continuous with that of the neck, and the latter opens
freely into the cavity of the trunk (fig. 23). The first-named space is by far the largest.
The lumen of the collar region is reduced by the great thickness of the walls of this
part of the body, and both here and in the trunk much of the internal space is occupied
by the lemnisci and the reproductive organs.

The skin is one of the most characteristic features of the Acanthocephala, and as
far as I know is only paralleled by that of the Nematodes, but it possesses certain
features not found in the last-named group. The whole body is covered by a thin
cuticle which does not vary much in thickness in the different regions of the body, and
which is invaginated a short distance into the genital pore. Beneath this is the true
epidermis, or subcuticle as it is called; this has in my specimens the usual structure met
with in the group so well described by Hamann, and consists of a matrix of a fibrillar
nature, the fibrils being as a rule arranged radially, in which are embedded a certain
number of amoeboid nuclei (figs. 16 and 20). This tissue is much thicker in the region
of the collar than elsewhere, and it is thicker in the trunk than in the head. It is pierced

436 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

in all directions by a series of tubes or lacunae which have no definite lining, but which
seem to be mere splits in the fibrillar matrix. The lacunae — except in the head — have a
general circular direction which is very well marked in the trunk region where each runs
into a lateral longitudinal split (figs. 20 and 24). They contain a small amount of coagu-
lum, the remnant of the fluid which circulates in them ; during life this fluid, in other species,
holds in suspension fat and coloured oil globules. If these are present in my species
they must have been dissolved out in the processes which precede embedding. The
circular lacunae of the trunk not only communicate with one another by means of the two
longitudinal lateral lacunae (figs. 20 and 24), but they open into one another by numerous
small branches which have an oblique or longitudinal direction. In the head the lacunae
have a general longitudinal course ; they are not, however, straight, but twist in and out
between the pits on the surface ; they anastomose freely (fig. 14). Thus in a transverse
section of the head the lacunae appear as round holes more or less uniformly arranged
in the skin, and the same effect is produced by a longitudinal section of the trunk.

In the collar region the subcuticular tissue is much thickened, and the lacunar
system forms a single more or less definite ring which gives off numerous branching
anastomosing twigs (fig. 15).

Although the above account attempts to give the general course of the lacunae in
the skin, it should be mentioned that there is considerable irregularity in the arrange-
ment, and one is almost inclined to believe that the canals do not remain permanent,
but that they sometimes close up and new ones appear. As they have no lining of any
kind, such a closing would leave no trace.

As Schneider^ Hamann", and Kaiser' have shown in the species investigated by
them, the lacunar system of the introvert is completely shut off from that of the neck —
if it be present — and of the trunk, by a fold inwards of the cuticle which cuts the
subcuticular tissue in two. I have not been able to find any such cuticular ring in the
species in question, but the state of preservation of my specimens does not allow me
to say definitely that it does not exist.

The lemnisci are two elongated sac-like prolongations of the subcuticular tissue
which are attached anteriorly to the skin at the junction of the head and collar. They
extend backwards to the extreme posterior end of the body, and are slightly bent so
that a longitudinal section may cut them in two or three places (fig. 23). Histologically
they are composed of the same substance as the subcuticle in direct continuity with
which they arise, and they are traversed by a similar system of canals. Physiologically
they seem, as Hamann suggests, to act as reservoirs for the fluid of the canal system of
the introvert ; when the fluid they contain is forced into the spaces of the introvert the
latter is everted. It is withdrawn again into the body by special muscles. In most

' Arch. Anat. 1868, p. 584.

° Die Nemathelminthen, Heft i and 2, Jena, 1891 and 1895.

' Bibl. Zool. Heft 7, 1892, p. i.

ENTOZOA

437

species the canal system of the lemnisci opens into that of the introvert in front of the
cuticular ring, and is thus completely independent of that of the trunk. If we assume
that the head of my species corresponds with the introvert of other forms which have
lost its introvert sheath, the lemnisci open into the same region of the skin as they do
in other Acanthocephala.

The nuclei of the subcuticle and of the lemnisci are very remarkable ; they corre-
spond in structure with those described by Hamann in Neorhynclms clavaeceps, in which
species according to this observer both the skin and the lemnisci retain in the adult
their embryonic condition. As in Neorhynclms the number of nuclei is very small, some
twelve to twenty seem to suffice for the whole of the subcuticle, and perhaps two to four
for each lemniscus. The structure of the nucleus shows a most striking- resemblance to
an amoeba with rather short pseudopodia (figs. i6, 20, and 23). No single nucleolus
can be detected, but numerous chromatin particles are present, and in some a distinct
vacuole can be observed. These nuclei are scattered about in a most irregular fashion ;
not one may be seen in a number of consecutive sections, and then perhaps three or
four may appear, and from their large size persist through several sections. The nuclei
lie, as a rule, embedded in the substance of the subcuticle ; more rarely they are found
in the lacunae. Although there is no proof, one is tempted to believe that the nuclei
wander through the subcuticle and lemnisci in an amoeboid manner, and that the small
number of nuclei which are found in these tissues is compensated for partly by the large
size of each, but more especially by their mobility. Similar amoeboid nuclei undoubtedly
move about, fuse with one another, and undergo fission in the subcuticle of the larval
forms of Neorhyuchus clavaeceps.

Within the subcuticle and completing the skin on the inner side, is a layer of
circular muscles, and still more internally a layer of longitudinal muscles (figs. 16 and
25). The muscles of these layers are but a single fibre thick, and they are not very
uniformly present. The circular layer is most complete in the region of the trunk, and
I have figured a section to show this (fig. 22). The longitudinal layer is even less
definite, but scattered fibres can be detected here and there (figs. 16 and 25). Each
fibre appears to be spindle-shaped, and in the circular muscles has the striated portion
only on its outer face, forming a thin band ; the inner half of the fibre consists of vacuo-
lated strands of protoplasm in which is a nucleus. The longitudinal layer of muscles
alone is continued over the lemnisci (figs. 19 and 24). These muscles are not covered
on their inner side by any layer of epithelial cells, neither does any such layer cover the
ligament, but both tissues lie freely exposed to the fluid of the body-cavity.

In the more typical Acanthocephala the anterior end of the body terminates in a
hollow eversible portion provided with rows of hooks whose number and shape have a
certain systematic value. This introvert can be withdrawn, not into the general body-
cavity, but into the cavity of the introvert sheath, which is shut off from the general
body-cavity by a double (Echinorhynchidae) or a single (Neorhynchidae) wall. The

438 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

extrusion of the introvert is believed to be effected by fluid being forced into its lacunae
by the lemnisci. It is retracted by special muscles attached to the inside of its tip ;
besides these, other retractor muscles run from the outside of the introvert sheath, and
these serve to retract the whole sheath and its contents into the trunk. The chief nerve
ganglion lies as a rule on the posterior end of the introvert sheath, usually in the middle
line, but in the Gigantorhynchidae it is placed to one side. From the posterior end of
the introvert sheath, and having its origin between its two walls when they are present,
the ligament runs backward, traversing the body cavity, and ending in the funnel-shaped
internal opening of the oviduct in the female and in the vas deferens in the male.

Owing to the absence of an introvert and its sheath, the relations of the ligament
in the present species is somewhat altered. It takes its origin from the anterior end of
the head, and at first seems to consist of a few strands of muscular fibres which arise
from the muscles of the skin (fig. 21). All my specimens but one proved to be mature
females, whose ovaries had broken up into the &v^ masses which are characteristic of
the Acanthocephala. These egg masses consist of packets of a dozen or more cells of
which the peripheral layer develop into ova at the cost of the central cells which serve
them as a food supply (figs. 14, 16, and 23). These packets coexisted in my specimens
with ova in various stages of development, some without any egg shell, whilst others
were provided with a thick deeply-staining membrane. The whole lumen of the head
was crowded with these ova. In the region of the collar the ova were confined by a
thin-walled membrane, and in the trunk there were two such masses of ova, which,
however, seemed less mature than those lying in the head. Lying amongst the
various organs in the body-cavity were a number of very finely granular masses, which
I take to be the masses of spermatozoa (figs. 16 and 20). Of the complex system
by means of which the ova leave the body, little could be made out beyond the fact
that a well-marked funnel is present opening into the posterior end of the body-
cavity of the trunk (fig. 19). I failed, however, to find a second opening near the
narrow end of the funnel such as occurs in other forms, but this may have been
due to the poor state of preservation. The funnel leads into a duct which opens on
the posterior end of the trunk.

The testes are two in number, and lie one behind the other in the ligament,
though owing to its looping both may appear in the same transverse section. The
spermatozoa do not escape into the body of the male as the ova do into that of
the female, but pass down a duct in the ligament which opens at the end of the
body. Traces of accessory glands were seen, but the details were not clear.

The brain lies on or in the ligament just behind its point of attachment to the
skin of the head (figs. 21 and 23). Owing to the disruption of the ovaries in my female
specimens the ligament could not be traced very far, but in the only male it reached
from one end of the body to the other. The brain consists of a few large ganglion
cells with a clear homogeneous cytoplasm and deeply-stained nuclei ; the divisions

ENTOZOA 439

between the cells were very sharp and straight (fig. 21). In the females this mass
of cells lay on the ligament ; in the male, on the other hand, it occupied the centre
of the fibrous and muscular strands which compose that body (fig. 25). In the former
I could trace no nerves leaving the brain, but in the male two nerves surrounded
by muscles pass backward ; these obviously correspond with the retinacula of other
forms.

Classification.

Until recently the group Acanthocephala included but one genus, Echinorhynchus,
which comprised several hundred species. Recently, however, Hamann' has pointed
out that these species present certain differences which enable him to divide the group
into three families, each with a corresponding genus. To these I venture to add a
fourth, to include the remarkable form above described. This family may, I think,
be called the Apororhynchidae, and the new genus Apororhynchus", which name refers
to the absence of the eversible introvert ; and, inasmuch as it is convenient in naming
a parasite to have some indication of its host, I think the specific name may be
Jieniignathi.

If these terms be adopted, the classification of the Acanthocephala will be as
follows, the characteristics of each of the first three families being taken from
Hamann's papers.

I. Family Echinorhynchidae. The body is elongated and smooth. The in-
trovert sheath has double walls, and the introvert is invaginated into it. The nerve
ganglion is in the introvert sheath, mostly embedded in it and central in position.
The hook papillae are only covered with chitin at their apex, and the hooks have
a process below.

Genus EcJiinorJiynclnis, with the characters of the family.

The vast majority of Acanthocephala belong to this family ; a few may be
mentioned. E. proteus, found in many fishes and varying in size with its host ; its
larval forms inhabit the Amphipod Gammariis pulex, and are also found in the body-
cavity of numerous fresh-water fishes. E. clavula occurs in many fishes and in the
intestine of a species of Bufo. E. angustahis is found also in fishes, with its larval
form in the Isopod Asellus aqtiatints. E. moniliformis is said to attain maturity
in the human intestine ; its usual host is a mouse, and its larval host is the larva of
a beetle, Blaps mucronata. E. porrigens invests the intestine of the rorqual, and
E. strumosus that of a seal. There are many others.

' Loc. cit. and Zool. Anz. Bd. xv. 1892, p. 195.

' In my original paper I suggested the name Arhynchus, but as Professor C. Wardell Styles and Professor
A. Hassall have pointed out that this name is preoccupied, having been used by Dejean in 1834 for a beetle,
I later (Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xlh. p. 361) suggested the name Apororhynchus.

F. H. II. 57

440 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

II. Family Gigantorhynchidae. Large forms, whose body is ringed and
flattened during life like that of a Taenia. The hooks are like those of a Taenia,
the hook-papilla being entirely covered with chitin. There are two root-like processes
in each hook. The introvert is muscular, has no lumen, and the introvert cannot be
retracted into it, but the whole retracts into the body-cavity. The ganglion is excentri-
cally placed to the side, behind the middle of the so-called sheath. The body-cavity is
enclosed in a structureless membrane, and is traversed by membranes stretched trans-
versely. The lemnisci are long, coiled, with a central lacuna.

Genus Gigantorhynckus, with the characters of the family.

Hamann includes three species in this family — G. echinodiscus, G. taenioides, and
G. spira ; and points out that E. gigas agrees with them in all points but that of the
external annulation. The first of the above-named species occurs in the intestine of
anteaters, and has been found in Myrmecopliaga jiibata and Cycloturus didactyla.
G. taenioides has been found in a species of Cariania, DicJiolophus cristatus ; and
G. spira lives in the king vulture, Sarcorhampus papa. E. gigas in the adult stage
occurs in the small intestine of swine, and its larval host is believed to be the grubs
of MelolontJia vulgaris and Cetonia aurata in Europe and of Lachnosterna arcuata
in the United States \ It is recorded once from the human intestine.

III. Family Neorhynchidae. Sexual maturity is reached in the larval state.
The introvert sheath has a single wall. A few giant nuclei only are found in the
subcuticle and in the lemnisci. The circular muscles are very simply developed, and
the longitudinal muscles only present in places.

Genus Neorhynchus, with the characters of the family.

This genus includes but two species, A^. clavaeceps and A^. agilis. They both
present interesting cases of paedogenesis, the large embryonic nuclei of the young
larva do not break up into numerous nuclei as they do in the commoner species.
A", agilis is found in Mugil auratus and M. cephalus ; A^. clavaeceps in the Carp,
Cyprinus carpio, its larva form according to Villot" in the fat bodies of the Neuro-
pterous insect Sialis niger ; it has also been found in the alimentary canal of the
leech NepJielis octocula, and specimens of the water-snail Linmaea have been artificially
infected with it.

IV. Family Apororhynchidae. Short forms, with the body divided into three
well-marked regions, — head, collar, and trunk. The head is pitted, the collar smooth,
and the trunk wrinkled, not annulated — in spirit specimens. There is no eversible
introvert, and no introvert sheath, and no hooks. The sub-cuticle and the lemnisci
have a few giant nuclei, and the lemnisci are long and coiled.

' C. W. Styles, Zool. Anz. xv. 1892, p. 52.
' Zool. Anz. VIII. 1885, p. ig.

ENTOZOA

441

Genus Apororhynchus , with the characters of the family.

This family in the length and curvature of its lemnisci resembles the Giganto-
rhynchidae, and in the persistence of the embryonic condition of the nuclei in the
sub-cuticle and the lemnisci, the Neorhynchidae ; but in the shape of the body, its
division into three well-marked regions, the absence of eversible introvert, introvert
sheath, and hooks, it stands alone, though to some extent nearer to the Neorhyn-
chidae, in which the introvert is relatively small, the introvert sheath simple, and
the number of hooks reduced, than to either of the other families.

The single species Apororhynchtis hemignathi was found attached to the inner side
of the skin in the neighbourhood of the anus of a Sandwich Island bird, Hemignathus
procerus. This bird is a member of a family Drepanididae, which is entirely confined
to the Sandwich Island group. Professor Newton tells me that it is probable that
the "food of Hemignatlms consists entirely of insects which it finds in or under the
bark of trees " ; hence it is probable that the second host of this parasite, if such
exists, must be looked for amongst the Insecta.

(2) Echiiior/iyjichus caiupajiulaius Dies.

Found by Dr Lutz in Water-rats. This species is said to be a facultative
parasite of man.

The Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge.
March, 1 900.

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty

Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by

Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the

University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 125. 6d. each.

PART I. 1898.

1. The anatomy and development of Peripahts novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I.— IV. and 7 figures in the text.

2. Metaprotella sandaknsis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER.

With 6 figures in the text.

3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.

4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK.

With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK.

With Plates X.— XI.

PART II. 1899.

Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.
Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.
Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A.

With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.

With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. '

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By Isa L. Hiles, B.Sc.

With Plates X.XII. and XXIIl.

PART III. 1899.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV. — XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab.

With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. 1900.

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Cooiopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By WALTER E. COLLINGE, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham.

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclei'a tvilleyatia, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LISTER, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. Hickson, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. AsHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

iContton : C. J. CLAY and SONS,

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRES.S WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE,
ffllaggoto: 50, WELLINGTON .street.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

"■Won, 0,

VOL. II. PART V.

ARACHNIDA

Eugene Simon.

CRUSTACEA ISO POD A

Adrien Dollfus.

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA

T. R. R. Stebbing.

Price Twenty-eight Shillings.
To Subscribers Fourteen Shillings.

The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years.

Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.

W. H. ASHMEAD ...

The Lord Avebury, F.R.S.

F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. ...

M. A. DOLLFUS

Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL

p. H. Grimshaw, F.E.S.

G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S.

E. Meyrick, F.Z.S.

R. C. L. Perkins, B.A. ...

R. I. POCOCK

D. Sharp, F.R.S. ...
A. E. Shipley, M.A.
M. EuG. Simon
The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F

E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.

The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S.

R.S.

Hymenoptera Parasitica.

Thysanura and Collembola.

Earthworms.

Isopod Crustacea.

Formicidae.

Diptera.

Hemiptera.

Macrolepidoptera .

{Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
\ Neiiroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

Myriapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms.

Arachnida.

Amphipod Crustacea.

Mollusca.

Microlepidoptera.

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES:

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of

THE BERNICE FAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME II. PART V.

ARACHNIDA by EUGENE SIMON :

CRUSTACEA ISOPODA m ADRIEN DOLLFUS :

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA by the Rev. T. R. R. STEBBING.

Pages 443—530; Plates XV— XXI, uncoloiired.

CAMBRIDGE:

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1900

\All Rights reserved.]
October 17, 1900.

aonOon: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,

AVE MARIA LANE,
o: 50, WELLINGTON STREET.

Utipjia; F. A. BROCKHAUS.

jacW JSorfe: THE M.A.CMILLAN COMPANY.

Bombaa: E. SEYMOUR HALE.

ARACHNIDA

By EUGENE SIMON

CRUSTACEA ISOPODA

Bv ADRIEN DOLLFUS

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA

By the Rev. T. R. R. STEBBING, F.R.S.

443

ARACHNIDA. ^I'tt

^«Cl^•-

""Pon,

Par Eugene Simon.

§ 1. General considerations on the Arachnida.

Les patientes recherches de Mr R. C. L. Perkins nous ont fait connaitre loi
especes d'Arachnides superieurs' des iles Sandwich, dont yy speciales, proportion
qui ne s'observe nulle part ailleurs.

La faune de cet archipel peut done etre consideree comme fortement specialisee
et riche relativement au pen d'etendue de son territoire ; elle se rattache d'une maniere
generale aux faunes Malaise et Australienne, avec I'absence de certaines formes
tropicales tres repandues telles que Gasteracantha, Nephila etc., et par contre I'ad-
jonction de certaines formes palearctiques et nearctiques telles que Dysdei-a, Labulla etc.

Les divers groupes d'Arachnides y sont tres inegalement distribues : sur une
quarantaine de families que Ton admet generalement aujourd'hui dans I'ordre des
Araneae, 28 font completement defaut, et trois {Sicariides, Clubionides et Agclenides)
n'y sont representees chacune que par une seule espece ubiquiste probablement
introduite. II en est de meme de I'ordre des Scorpiones dont la seule espece, Iso-
fneirus macttlatus de Geer, n'est certainement pas autochtone ; les ordres des
Pedipalpi et des Soltfitgae font defaut.

Les families qui dominant sont celle des Argiopidcs qui y compte 27 especes
dont 20 speciales, appartenant en grande partie au groupe des Tetragtiat/ia ; celle des
Thomisidcs qui y compte 25 especes, toutes speciales; celle des Theridiides avec 17
especes dont 13 speciales; celle des Attides avec 12 especes dont 8 speciales.

II est a remarquer que les families qui manquent sont, sauf de rares exceptions
{Ai'iadna), celles dont les especes vivent cachees dans des terriers comme les Avicu-
larides, sous les pierres et les ecorces comme les Drassides et Chibionides, ou celles
qui filent des toiles pres de terre et dans les endroits obscurs comme les Agelenides,
tandis que les families dominantes sont celles dont les especes filent leurs toiles a
decouvert sur les plantes comme les Argiopides et les Theridiides, ou qui chassent
leur proie au soleil comme les Thomisides et les Attides.

' Les Opiliones et les Acari ne sont pas compris dans ce memoire.

Only one or two species of Acari have been obtained in the islands. Editor.

F. H. II. 58

444 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Dans chacune des families dominantes le nombre des genres est relativement faible,
mais certains genres, Tkeridion, Teiragnaika, Sandalodes, etc. sont representes par de
longues series d'especes voisines les unes des autres, les unes egalement repandues
dans toutes les iles, les autres confinees dans une seule ; sous ce rapport I'ile la plus
occidentale de Kauai nous a paru surtout interessante.

Les genres nouveaux sont au nombre de six : le genre Do^yonyclms, voisin des
Tetragnatlia, sen distingue par la structure toute speciale de ses tarses anterieurs ; le
genre Syroloma appartient a la famille des Lycosides ; les genres Mecaphesa, Proernus
{Pterelas), Pagiopalns et Adrastidia a celle des Thomisides ; les trois derniers, com-
prenant ensemble huit especes, doivent former dans la sous-famille des Pliilodi^ominae
un groupe nouveau, particulier a la faune des Sandwich.

§ 2. Systematic account of the Arachnida.

Ordo ARANEAE.

Fam. SICARIIDAE.

ScYTODES Latreille.

( I ) Scytodes marmorata L. Koch.

Scytodes marmorata L. Koch, Ar. Austr. 1872, p. 292, tab. xxiv. fig. 4.

Hab. Oahu (1500 ft.), Perkins, x. 1896; Schauinsland. — Molokai and Hawaii;
Schauinsland.

Espece tres repandue dans la Malaisie Orientale, I'lndo-Chine, I'Australie, et la
Polynesie ; deja indiquee des Iles Sandwich (Karsch, Thorell) ; trouvee par le Dr
Schauinsland a Hawaii, Molokai et Oahu (E. Simon).

Fam. DYSDERIDAE.

Dysdera Latreille.

(i) Dysdera crocata C. Koch.

Dysdera crocata C. Koch, Arachn. t. v. 1839, p. 81, fig. 392 — 394.
Dysdera rubicunda Blackwall, Spid. of Gr. Brit. p. 371.
Dysdera interrita Hentz, in : Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 223.
Hab. Hawaii: Kona. — Oahu; Schauinsland.

Trouve anterieurement par le Dr Schauinsland a Oahu. Espece commune a
I'Europe, a I'Amerique du Nord et a I'Amerique du Sud extratropicale, sans doute
introduite aux Sandwich.

ARACHNIDA 445

Ariadna Audouin.
(i) Ariadna perkiiisi, sp. nov.

^. Long. 9-5 mm. Cephalothorax pallide fusco-rufescens, tenuiter nigro-margi-
natus, longe ovatus, subtilissime coriaceus et punctis impressis parvis conspersus,
acute marginatus, et fovea thoracica superficial! lata impressus. Oculi subaequales,
medii ovati, inter se contigui sed antice attenuati et leviter divaricati. Oculi laterales
utrinque ovati, contigui, et prominuli. Oculi medii superne visi cum lateralibus lineam
recurvam designantes. Clypeus verticalis, planus, subtiliter transversim striatus, oculis
anticis latior. Abdomen oblongum, teretiusculum, albido-testaceum, antice vitta longi-
tudinal! postice sensim ampliata et truncata, dein maculis transversis seriatis 6 vel
7, medianis triquetris, posticis angustis et linearibus atro-violaceis, supra notatum.
Chelae fusco-olivaceae, longae et attenuatae, crebre transversim striatae. Partes oris
sternumque pallide fusco-rufescentia, laevia et nitida. Pedes fulvi, antici, femoribus
exceptis, paulo obscuriores. Pedes i' paris femore curvato supra ad apicem trla-
culeato aculeoque interiore subapicali armato, patella mutica, tibia longa, tereti, subtus
ad marginem exteriorem aculeis seriatis decern iniquis, apicali reliquis validiore et
leviter uncato, ad marginem interiorem aculeis binis subapicalibus, extus aculeis
lateralibus quatuor, intus aculeis lateralibus trinis armata, metatarso mutico sed longe
et tenuiter piloso, cylindraceo et valde sinuoso-arcuato. Pedes-maxillares fulvi, tibia
patella saltem duplo longiore crassiore et ovata, tarso parvo obtusissimo et longe
piloso, bulbo subgloboso sed depressiusculo, spina longa ad basin recta ad apicem
flexuoso-arcuata.

Plate XV. fig. I.

$. Long. 10 — 12 mm. A mari differt cephalothorace antice obscuriore fere nigro,
chelis robustioribus nigris sublaevibus, abdomine longiore teretiusculo, maculis dorsa-
libus majoribus ornato, pedibus anticis robustioribus et brevioribus, apice valde infus-
catis, femore i' paris aculeis dorsalibus parvis trinis aculeisque interioribus validis et
longissimis trinis armato, tibia aculeis inferioribus biseriatis 10, 11 vel 12 validis,
longissimis parvisque intermixtis, armata, sed aculeis lateralibus carcnte, metatarso
leviter curvato, haud flexuoso, subtus aculeis validis, singulariter elevatis, parvis
longisque mixtis, 10 — 10, armato. Pedes-maxillares breves et robusti, fulvo-rufuli,
tibia tarsoque nigris.

Hab. Kauai. — Lanai (2000 ft.).— Oahu ; Mts. Waianae, Lolle.

De toutes les especes de ce genre qui me sont connues A. Perkiiisi E. Sim.
se rapproche surtout 6! A. Bosenbergi Keyserl., de la Republique Argentine, qui a le
meme dessin abdominal ; elle sen distingue tout de suite par les epines de ses tibias
anterieurs beaucoup plus nombreuses et alternativement plus longues et plus
petites.

58-2

446 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. PHOLCIDAE.

Smeringopus E. Simon.

(i) Smeringoptis elongaius Vinson.

Pholcus elongatus Vinson, Aran. Reun. etc. 1864, p. 135.
Pholcus phalangioides Dolesch., in: Act. Soc. Ind.-Neerl. v. 1859, p. 47.
Pholcus tiptdoides L. Koch, Ar. Austr. 1872, p. 281, tab. xxiii. fig. 5.
Pholctis distinctus Cambr., in: Linn. Soc. Journ. x. 1869, p. 380, tab. xi. figs.

28—30.
Pholcus inargarita Workman, in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 451, tab.

XVIII. figs. I, 2.
Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mts. (3000 ft.), March, 1893 ! Perkins.

Espece repandue dans presque toutes les regions tropicales du monde. Sans
doute introduite aux Sandwich.

Artema Walckenaer.

( I ) A rteina sisyphoides Doleschall.

Indique des Sandwich par plusieurs auteurs (Thorell, E. Simon) ; n'y a pas ete
retrouv^ par Mr Perkins. ■

Fam. THERIDIIDAE.

Argyrodes E. Simon.

(1) Argyrodes argyrodes Walckenaer.

Linyphia m-gyrodes Walck., H. N. Ap. t. 11. 1841, p. 282.
Theridion trigonimn Hentz in : Bost. Journ. N. H. vi. 1850, p. 280, tab. ix.
figs. 24, 25.

Argyrodes epeirae E. Simon, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1866, p. 281, tab. i. figs. 4 — 7.
Argyrodes argyrodes E. Simon, Ar. Fr. t. v. 1881, p, 16.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona (3000 ft.).

Cette espece est repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, dans presque toute
I'Afrique, dans I'Asie tropicale et dans I'Amerique du Nord.

Dans I'ancien monde elle accompagne presque toujours le Cyrtophora citricola
Forsk., dont elle est parasite, mais aux lies Sandwich elle vit sur la toile de
XArgtope avara Thorell, en meme temps que I'espece suivante.

ARACHNIDA 447

(2) Argyrodes hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

(?• Long. 3— 4mm. Cephalothorax subtilissime coriaceus, fusco-olivaceus, utrinque
et postice fere niger, parte cephalica antice sensim elevata vi.\ attenuata et obtu-
sissima. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam valde procurvam, medii paulo majores a
lateralibus quam inter se multo remotiores. Oculi postici parvi, aequi, in lineam
subrectam, medii inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii
aream multo latiorem quam longiorem et postice quam antice multo latiorem
occupantes. Clypeus verticalis, altissimus, baud cornutus, sed incrassatus, a regione
oculari depressione profunda et pilosa, valde arcuato-angulosa, discretus. Abdomen
postice sensim elevatum, in tuberculum crassum baud attenuatum, apice obtuse
truncatum, productum, nigricans, supra vitta latissima, linea media exili secta,
et utrinque vitta vel macula magna confusa et dentata luteo-argenteolis ornatum.
Chelae longae et partes oris fusco-piceae, laeves. Sternum nigro-nitidum. Pedes
olivacei, tarsis cunctis, femoribus metatarsisque quatuor posticis dilutioribus et luteis.
Pedes-maxillares lutei, tibia tarsoque nigricantibus, femore sat longo tereti, patella
longa versus basin sensim attenuata, tibia patella plus duplo breviore paulo angustiore
sed extus obtuse ampliata, tarso breviter ovato, apice oblique truncato.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

Cette espece se rapproche un peu, par la structure de son bandeau, des A.
minax Cambr. (de Madagascar) et A. affinis Cambr. (du Parana).

Ariamnes Thorell.

(i) Ariamnes corniger, sp. nov.

%. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax longus, humilis, vix pone medium stria trans-
versa, leviter procurva, impressus, in parte antica valde attenuatus subacuminatus, in
parte altera fere parallelus, postice vix attenuatus et recte truncatus, fusco-rufescens,
leviter reticulatus, vitta media angusta et Integra et utrinque vitta marginali, diluti-
oribus et fulvis, notatus, fronte, inter oculos medios anticos, tuberculo fulvo, obtuse
conico et antice oblique directo, insigniter munita. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam,
medii reliquis oculis multo majores, nigri et convexi, inter se distantes sed a latera-
libus vix separati. Oculi postici, superne visi, in lineam subrectam, vix procurvam,
mediocres et inter se aequales, medii inter se quam a lateralibus saltem triplo
remotiores. Clypeus verticalis, leviter convexus, area oculorum angustior. Abdomen
angustum, antice truncatum, postice in tuberculum, corpore toto longius, cylindraceum
sed apicem versus attenuatum et subacutum, postice oblique directum et plus minus
arcuatum, insigniter productum, utrinque argenteolum, supra vitta lata saepe fusco-

448 FAUNA HAWAII ENSIS

marginata, obscuriore, aureo vel rufulo tincta, ornatum, tiiberculo utrinque saepe linea
nigra abbreviata et punctata et subtus, pone mamlllas, macula nigricanti ornato.
Chelae, partes oris sternumque fusco-rufula vel olivacea, sternum vitta media dilutiore
notatum. Pedes graciles, inter se valde inaequales, pallide lutei, femoribus patellis
tibiisque (apice excepto) i' paris fusco-rufulis, femoribus 2' paris antice, saltern ad
apicem, rufulo-lineatis, femoribus tibiisque 4' paris apice minute rufulo-cinctis ; tibia i'
paris metatarso saltern aequilonga femore vix breviore. Pedes-maxillares fusco-rufuli,
femora dilutiora ; femore gracili apice haud incrassato ; tibia tereti ; tarso acuminate,
tibia cum patella multo longiore.

Plate XV. fig. 2.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Lanai, Koele.

Cette espece remarquable fait presque le passage du genre Ariamnes au genre
Rhoviphaea ; elle se rattache au premier par son bandeau etroit et vertical et par sa
patte-machoire a femur et tibia cylindriques ; mais ses pattes anterieures dont le tibia
est au moins aussi long que le metatarse ressemblent davantage a celles des Rhoni-
phaea. Sa region oculaire est pourvue, meme chez la femelle (seul sexe connu), d'un
tubercule median conique, caractere commun a plusieurs Rkomphaea mais jusqu'ici
etranger aux Ariamnes.

Theridion Walckenaer.

Le genre Theridion est represente aux lies Sandwich par deux especes probable-
ment introduites et au reste presque cosmopolites, les Theridion riifipes Lucas et tepi-
dariorum C. Koch, et aussi par une nombreuse serie d'especes propres qui appar-
tiennent toutes au groupe ayant pour types les Theridion frondeum Hentz et rusticum
E. Sim. (cf Hist. Nat. An t. i. p. 537).

La distribution de ces especes dans les di verses lies de I'archipel est curieuse :

Hawaii : Theridion praetextiim E. S., grallator E. S., vielimun E. S., riifipes
Lucas, tepidariorum C. Koch.

Manai : Theridion praetextuni concolor E. S., melinum E. S., campestratiim E. S.,
manaiense E. S., haleakalense E. S., Perkinsi £. S., lepidarioj'mn C. K.

Oahu : Theridion melinum E. S.

Molokai : Theridion posticatum E. S., tepidariorum C. K.

Lanai: Theridion posticatum E. S., tepidariorum C. K.

Kauai : Theridion Perkinsi E. S., kauaicnsc E. S., acutitarse E. S.

ARACHNIDA 449

Synopsis specierum propriarum.

1. Oculi medii antici lateralibus paulo minores. Pedes longissinii fere riwlci gralhxtor.

Oculi medii antici lateralibus plus minus majores vel saltern haud minores.

Pedes normales 2.

2. Oculi antici inter se aequidistantes 3.

Oculi medii antici a sese quam a lateralibus remotiores 5.

3. Oculi postici in lineam parum procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores,

spatio interoculari oculo multo latiore. Abdomen subtus impunctatum ( ? ) kauaiense.

Oculi postici in lineam valde procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se fere
duplo remotiores, spatio oculo non multo latiore a sese distantes. Abdomen
subtus, prope mamillas, minute fusco-bipunctatum 4.

4. Bulbus maris dente interiore lata obtusa et subtriquetra. Plagula genitalis

feminae convexa, laevis, semicircularis, antice puncto impresso, postice,

in declivitate, foveola magna superficiali transversa, impressa Perkinsi.

Bulbus maris dente interiore gracili acutissima et valde uncata. Plaga genitalis
feminae ovato-transversa, plana, subtiliter coriacea, antice et praesertim
postice transversim striata .praetexttim.

5. Cephalothorax luteus, concolor. Pedes quatuor antici haud annulati. Femora

4' parisapice late nigro-annulata. Areaoculorum mediorum subquadrata ( ? ) campestratum.

Cephalothorax vitta media lata nigricanti vel olivacea notatus 6.

6. Cephalothorax vitta media lata ornatus, sed linea marginali carens. Oculi

medii postici lateralibus paulo majores. Oculi quatuor medii inter se

subaequales. Femora 4' paris haud vel parum distincte annulata 7.

Cephalothorax vitta media lata lineaque marginali exili nigricantibus notatus.
Oculi medii postici lateralibus saltern haud majores et medii antici minores
(c??) 9-

7. Abdomen subtus impunctatum {$ 9) melinum.

Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, fusco nigrove binotatimi 8.

8. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, punctis nigris parvis binis notatum ( c? 9 ).

Bulbus maris apophysi interiore lata brevi et subtriquetra munitus haleakalense.

Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, maculis binis nigris subquadratis notatum
((??). Bulbus maris apophysi interiore longa sat gracili recta et acuta
munitus .posticatitm.

9. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, nigricanti binotatum. Femora 4' paris apice

late nigricanti-annulata. Peduni-maxillarium maris tarsus anguste ovatus

et obtusus, bulbum haud superans matiiensf.

.\bdomen subtus impunctatum. Femora cuncta apice niiimte fusco-notata.
Pedum-maxillarium maris tarsus angustissimus, longe acuminatus et
bulbum superans • • .acutiiarse.

(i) Theridion tepidariorurn C. Koch.

Thaddion tepidariorinn C. Koch, Arachn. viii. 1841, p. 75, figs. 647, 648.
Theridion vtilgare Hentz, in : Bost. Journ. N. Hist. vi. p. 271.
Hab. Hawaii, Kau, Olaa. — Molokai, Koloe. — Lanai. — Maui, Haleakala.
Espece repandue dans toutes les regions chaudes et temperees du monde et dont
I'orieine est incertaine. Sans doute introduite aux Sandwich.

450 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Theridioii rjifipes Lucas.

Theridion riifipes Lucas, Expl. Sc. Alg. Ar. p. 263, tab. xvi. fig. 5.
Theridion borboniaim Vinson, Aran. Reun. etc. 1864, p. 283, tab. xiv. fig. 6.
Theridion luteipes Cambr., in : Linn. Soc. Journ., x. 1870, p. 382, tab. xii.

figs. 46—51-
Theridion bajnlans L. Koch, J^%. u. Abyss. Ar. 1875, p. 21, tab. 11. figs. 4, 5.
Tlieridion fiavoaurantiacum E. Simon, in: Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. C. R. Nov. 1880.
Theridion longipes V. Hasselt, Midd. Sumatra, etc. Ar. 1882, p. n.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

Espece repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, dans I'Asie et I'Afrique tropi-
cales, a Madagascar, en Malaisie et en Oceania. Probablement introduite aux
Sandwich.

(3) Theridion campestratiim, sp. nov.

$. Long. 3*5 mm. Cephalothorax pallide luteus concolor, laevis et glaber, parte
cephalica setis tenuibus triseriatis munita. Oculi quatuor antici in Hneam leviter pro-
curvam, medii nigri et nigro-Hmbati lateralibus vix majores et inter se quam a laterali-
bus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo saltern baud angustiore, inter medios et
laterales fere duplo minore). Oculi quatuor postici in lineam magis procurvam, medii
lateralibus majores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi quatuor
medii inter se aequales, aream parallelam subquadratam occupantes. Abdomen sub-
globosum, supra albo-opacum, antice in declivitate vittis binis convergentibus, postice,
supra mamillas, macula transversa laciniosa nigris notatum, subtus omnino pallide
luteum. Chelae, partes oris sternumque fulvo-rufula, laevia. Pedes sat longi, femori-
bus tibiisque 4' paris reliquis paulo robustioribus, sat longe setosi, lutei, patellis tibi-
isque quatuor anticis rufulo-tinctis, pedum 4' paris femore ad apicem patellaque nigris,
tibia apice anguste nigricanti-annulata. Plaga genitalis parva, fusca, simplex.

Plate XV. fig. 3.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(4) Tlieridion praetexttim, sp. nov.

t. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica setis longis
triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media fusco-olivacea, antice latissima sed postice acumi-
nata, notatus. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii nigri
lateralibus, albis et ovatis, majores. Oculi postici in lineam valde procurvam, medii,
ovati et obliqui, a lateralibus quam inter se plus duplo remotiores. Area mediorum
paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen breviter

ARACHNIDA 451

ovatum, parce et longissime albido-crinitiim, pallide testaceum, supra antlce macuHs
nigris binis, dein utrinque nigro-punctatum, vitta media, in medio ampliata et saepe
angulosa, antice lutea postice albo-opaca, ornatum, margine anteriore abdominis durius-
cula, fulvo-rufula, in medio late et obtuse emarginata, utrinque lobo semicirculari, minu-
tissime serrulato, munita, subtus regione epigasteris magna, convexa, fulvo-nitida,
regione ventrali albido-testacea, utrinque linea obliqua exili fusca, postice punctis
minutis nigris binis, plerumque notata. Chelae, partes oris sternumque fulvo-rufula.
Chelae longae, ad basin convexae subgeniculatae, dein leviter depressae, apice atten-
uatae et paululum divaricatae. Pedes longi, longe et valde setosi, antici reliquis multo
longiores et saltem femoribus crassiores, lutei, femoribus, patellis tibiisque anticis leviter
rufescenti-tinctis, metatarsis (3" exceptis) apice minute fuscis. Pedes-maxillares sat
longi, lutei, tibia, superne visa, patella saltem aequilonga, ad basin multo angustiore sed
apicem versus sensim ampliata, apice obtusa et setis longissimis seriatis 5 vel 6, ad
marginem, munita, tarso mediocri, subacuminato, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem pro-
cessu membranaceo apice ampliato et obtuso, ad marginem interiorem, prope medium,
spina nigra longa sat angusta, acutissima et valde uncata (fere semicirculari) armato.

?. Long. 4 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax pallide luteus, linea marginali carens, vitta
media paulo obscuriore olivacea, antice lata evanescente et saepe obsoleta, postice
attenuata notatus. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam (vix procurvam), inter se aequi-
distantes (sed spatiis oculis mediis baud latioribus distantes), medii nigri et rotundi,
lateralibus albis et ovatis majores. Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, mediocres,
aequi, medii late ovati, a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores. Area mediorum paulo
longior quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior, medii antici posticis majores.
Abdomen breviter ovatum vel subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, luteo-
testaceum, vitta media confusa albo-punctata, utrinque punctis fuscis inordinatis paucis
et postice, in declivitate, maculis nigris binis parallelis, valde sinuosis, notatum, inter-
dum antice maculis nigris binis convergentibus, rarius maculis dorsalibus munitum,
subtus, prope mamillas, punctis nigricantibus binis minutissimis, notatum. Partes oris
fusco-rufulae. Chelae, sternum, pedesque lutea, tibiis i' paris apice leviter rufescenti-
tinctis, interdum annulo fusco apicali angustissimo cinctis. Pedes robusti, longe et
valde setosi. Plaga genitalis ovato-transversa, fusca, subtil iter coriacea, antice et
praesertim postice tenuiter transversim striata.

Plate XV. fig. 4.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau.

Var. Tkeridion praetexhim concolor.

Cephalothorax omnino luteus, vittis carens. Abdomen pallide luteo-testaceum,
vitta media albo-opaca, fere parallela, marginem anticum haud attingente atque antice
punctis nigris binis supra ornatum.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala.

F. H. II. 59

452 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) TJieridion mainertse, sp. nov.

$. Long. 4"5 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, vitta media lata fere parallela
lineaque marginal! exili nigricantibus, notatus, laevis et glaber, parte cephalica setis
tenuibus triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii lateralibus majores et
inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo circiter aequilato, inter
medios et laterales fere duplo angustiore). Oculi postici inter se subaequales, in lineam
procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Area mediorum
circiter aeque longa ac lata et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen breviter
ovatum, luteo-testaceum, utrinque punctis nigris iniquis et inordinatis, in medio vitta
lata dilutiore valde flexuosa, et saltem in parte apicali tenuiter albo-marginata, notatum,
margine antico abdominis rufulo duriusculo, utrinque lobo semicirculari, granulis obtusis
uniseriatis 5 — 6 armato, munito, subtus regione epigasteris baud producta, fulvo-rufula,
nigro-marginata, regione ventrali late et confuse nigricanti-plagiata. Chelae fulvo-
rufulae, laeves, fere parallelae, sed extus ad basin, leviter convexae. Partes oris fusco-
olivaceae. Sternum fulvo-rufulum, apice utrinque tenuissime nigro-marginatum. Pedes
sat longi, sat longe setosi, femoribus, praesertim anticis, robustis, fulvo-rufescentes
femoribus ad basin metatarsis tarsisque dilutioribus et luteis, sed femoribus 4' paris
annulo apicali lato nigricanti fulvo-lineato, et metatarsis cunctis, praesertim anticis, apice
minute fusco-annulatis. Pedes-maxillares lutei, mediocres, tibia, superne visa, patella
vix breviore, paulo angustiore, apicem versus vix incrassata, subtus parum producta,
obtusa et seriatim setosa, tarso tibia paulo longiore, sat anguste ovato sed obtuso et
bulbum baud superante, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo leviter
lanceolato, ad marginem interiorem, prope medium, spina fusca, perpendiculari, gracili,
acuta et leviter curvata, instructo.

?. Long. 5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media lata et fere parallela,
postice leviter reticulata, lineaque marginali exillima antice evanescente, nigricantibus,
notatus. Oculi antici magni, in lineam vix procurvam, medii lateralibus vix majores,
inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem vix
aequanti, inter medios et laterales fere 1/3 minore). Oculi postici in lineam vix
procurvam subrectam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se
plus duplo remotiores (medii a sese spatio oculo angustiore distantes). Area mediorum
circiter aeque longa ac lata et antice quam postice multo latior, medii antici posticis
multo majores. Abdomen magnum, subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, fulvo-
testaceum, supra crebre et grosse nigro-punctatum (in lateribus punctis minoribus zonas
obliquas designantibus), vitta media dilutiore confusa, antice acuminata et alba, postice
nigro-segmentata, ornatum, subtus prope mamillas nigricanti-binotatum. Chelae, sternum
pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, partes oris, saltem ad basin, valde infuscatis, coxis 4' paris
fusco-notatis, femoribus sex anticis, tibiis metatarsisque cunctis, annulo medio annuloque

ARACHNIDA 453

apicali fusco-rufulis, femoribus 4' paris annulo medio carentibus sed annulo apicali
latiore nigricanti et fulvo-lineato ornatis. Plaga genitalis simplex, nigra, transversim
semicircularis.

Plate XV. fig. II.

Hab. Maui.

(6) Tlieridioii lialeakalejisc, sp. nov.

t. Long. 4-5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media nigricanti, antice lata et
pone oculos lineata sed postice acuminata, notatus, laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica
setis longis triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii nigri lateralibus
vix majores, inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem
vix aequanti, inter medios et laterales fere duplo angustiore). Oculi postici in lineam
procurvam, medii lateralibus majores, plani et obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter
se paulo remotiores. Area mediorum fere parallela et paulo longior quam latior, medii
postici anticis majores. Abdomen breviter ovatum, pallide testaceum, supra grosse et
inordinate albo-punctatum, utrinque punctis nigris magnis, marginem confusam desig-
nantibus, et postice in declivitate linea nigra transversa notatum, margine anteriore
abdominis coriacea, rufula, utrinque lobo minute serrulato munito, subtus regione
epigasteris convexa rufula, regione ventrali testacea sed postice, prope mamillas, punctis
nigris binis notata. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, fere parallelae, sed ad basin leviter
convexae. Partes oris infuscatae. Sternum luteum. Pedes lon^i sat lonee setosi,
femoribus, praesertim anticis, robustis, lutei, femoribus quatuor anticis apice leviter
infuscatis, femoribus 4' paris annulo apicali lato nigricanti fulvo-lineato notatis, tibiis
metatarsisque annulo medio vix expresso annuloque apicali distinctiore fusco-rufulis
notatis. Pedes-maxillares lutei, tibia ad basin infuscata, tibia, superne visa, patella
saltem haud breviore, paulo angustiore, apicem versus leviter ampliata, subtus producta,
obtusa et seriatim setosa, tarso tibia paulo longiore, sat anguste ovato sed obtuso et
bulbum haud superante, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo, ad
basin lato ad apicem angustiore striato et plicato, ad marginem interiorem, pone medium,
processu fusco valde compresso, brevi et lato, instructo.

?. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, linea marginali carens sed vitta media
lata fere parallela nigricanti, leviter reticulata et saepe antice fulvo-punctata ornatus.
OcuH antici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus majores et a sese quam a
lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem saltem aequanti sed spatio
inter medios et laterales saltem duplo minore). Oculi postici in lineam procurvam,
medii lateralibus paulo majores, obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se paulo
remotiores, sed spatio oculo paulo latiore a sese distantes. Oculi quatuor medii inter
se subaequales, aream fere parallelam et subquadratam occupantes. Abdomen magnum.

59—2

454 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, obscure fulvo-testaceum, supra crebre
nigro-punctatum, antlce macula longa, postice, supra mamillas, vitta abbreviata, albis, in
medio vitta dilutiore lata confusa sed parce albo-punctata ornatum, subtus testaceum et
prope mamillas minute fusco-bipunctatum. Chelae, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufula,
partes oris valde infuscatae. Pedes late et confuse fusco-rufulo-annulati sed femoribus
4' paris plerumque concoloribus. Plaga genitalis simplex, transversa et semicircularis,
nigra, antice marginata.

Plate XV. fig. 5.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(7) Theridion perkinsi, sp. nov.

$. Long. 5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber sed in parte cephalica setis
nigris tenuibus et longis triseriatis munitus, luteus, vitta media obscuriore olivacea,
antice latissima et plus minus reticulata, postice angustiore notatus. Oculi antici in
lineam subrectam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii lateralibus majores. Oculi postici
mediocres, aequi, in lineam valde procurvam, medii obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam
inter se plus duplo remotiores et spatio oculo vix latiore a sese distantes. Area
mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen breviter
ovatum, parce et longissime fulvo-crinitum, albido-testaceum, supra utrinque nigro-
punctatum et postice subsegmentatum, vitta media dilutiore, punctos albos includente,
et interdum macula media magna subquadrata alba, ornatum, subtus utrinque linea alba
obliqua et postice, ante mamillas, punctis nigris binis notatum, regione epigasteris fulva,
convexa et laevi. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longae et sat angustae, in medio
depressae, sed extus ad basin convexae, ungue valido et longo. Partes oris fusco-
rufulae, laminae longissimae, angustae et parallelae, pars labialis latior quam longior,
tertiam partem basilarem laminarum vix attingens. Pedes longi, antici posticis multo
longiores, femoribus saltern anticis sat robustis, valde et longe setosi, lutei, tibiis quatuor
anticis apice sensim rufulo-tinctis, tibiis 4' paris in medio atque ad apicem anguste et vix
distincte annulatis, metatarsis cunctis apice minute fuscis. Pedes-maxillares longi, lutei,
tibia, superne visa, patella longiore, ad basin angustiore, apicem versus sensim ampliata,
subtus producta obtuse truncata atque ad marginem setis longis seriatis munita, tarso
brevi, sat lato et obtusissimo, bulbo brevi, ad marginem exteriorem processu mem-
branaceo sat angusto, apice leviter lanceolato et canaliculato, ad marginem interiorem
dente nigra vel fusca magna lata, depressa, subtriquetra, sed apice breviter subacuta,
armato.

$. Long. 6 — 7 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media lata paulo obscuriore
confusa sed reticulata ornatus, linea marginali carens. Oculi antici in lineam rectam,
inter se fere aequidistantes (medii a sese quam a lateralibus vix remotiores), medii

ARACHNIDA 455

lateralibus evidenter majores. Oculi postici aequi, in lineam sat procurvam, medii
obtuse triquetri nigro-limbati, a lateralibus quam inter se multo remotiores. Area
mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen convexum,
ovatum, valde et longe fulvo-setosum, albido-testaceum, supra grosse et inordinate nigro-
punctatum (in lateribus punctis zonas obliquas confusas designantibus), vitta media lata
alba, vel saepius in medio parce biseriatim albo-punctata et postice alba ornatum, subtus
prope mamillas punctis fuscis binis notatum. Pedes lutei, tibiis ad apicem leviter rufulo-
tinctis et subannulatis, metatarsis (3'' exceptis) apice minute fuscis. Plaga genitalis
convexa, laevis, nigricans, paulo longior quam latior, antice rotunda et foveola parva
nigra impressa, postice truncata et fovea majore transversim semicirculari notata.

Plate XV. fig. 6.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Kauai, Koholuamana, Waimea Alts.

(8) TheridioH kauaiense, sp. nov.

?. Long. 7 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis
triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media obscuriore, antice lata et confusa, prope medium
angustiore, nigricanti et reticulata, notatus. Clypeus convexus. Oculi antici in lineam
rectam, inter se aequidistantes (vel medii a sese quam a lateralibus paulo remotiores),
medii leviter prominuli lateralibus majores. Oculi postici in lineam leviter procurvam,
medii ovati lateralibus vix majores et a lateralibus quam inter se vix remotiores (a sese
spatio oculo multo latiore distantes). Area quatuor mediorum saltem baud longior
quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen ovatum, convexum, parce et
tenuiter setosum, albido-testaceum, supra vittis duabus nigris, antice posticeque conver-
gentibus, validissime flexuoso-dentatis et saepe interruptis, et interdum linea media
nodosa abbreviata, in lateribus zonis obliquis fusco nigrove punctatis, subtus sensim
evanescentibus, ornatum, subtus concolor. Chelae fusco-castaneae, laeves. Partes oris
apice fusco-castaneae, basi luteae. Sternum luteum laeve. Pedes longi, longe et valde
setosi, fulvo-rufuli, femoribus dilutioribus, tibiis late et parum distincte fusco-rufulo-
triannulatis, metatarsis anticis ad basin atque ad apicem leviter infuscatis. Area geni-
talis utrinque crasse pilosa, in medio fovea rufula superficiali subrotunda, antice et
utrinque tenuiter marginata, atque antice, prope marginem, tuberculis minutissimis binis
geminatis notata, impressa.

Plate XV. fig. 7.

Hab. Kauai, Waimea Mts.

456 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(9) Theridioii gral/ator, sp. nov.

$. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothora.x laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis albis
tenuibus triseriatis munita, albido-testaceus, parte cephalica vittis duabus pallide
olivaceis, postice convergentibus et V designantibus, notata. Clypeus latus et planus.
Oculi antici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et inter se
quam a lateralibus paulo remotiores. Oculi postici parvi et subaequales, in lineam
leviter procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se vix remotiores sed spatio oculo
saltern duplo latiore a sese distantes. Area mediorum magna, parallela et subquadrata.
Abdomen longe oblongum, pallide luteum, macula anteriore magna albo-opaca postice
emarginata, antice et utrinque tenuiter nigro-marginata, dein punctis nigris quatuor,
aream quadratam designantibus, supra ornatum. Chelae, partes oris pedes sternumque
albido-testacea, laevia et nitida, tibiis i' paris apice leviter rufulo-tinctis. Pedes longis-
simi, fere Pholci, sat longe setosi. Pedes-maxillares albidi, tibia patella paulo longiore
vix graciliore, apicem versus vix incrassata, subtus parum producta, truncata et seriatim
longe setosa, tarso parvo et ovato, tibia vix longiore, bulbo simplici, apice biaculeato.

% (pullus). Long. 4"5 mm. Abdomen ovatum, macula maxima albo-opaca, postice
leviter attenuata et truncata, antice vittam fulvam acute lanceolatam includente, supra
fere omnino obtectum. Pedes albido-testacei, subpellucentes, femoribus tibiisque i'
paris et 4' paris apice anguste nigricanti-annulatis.

Plate XV. fig. 8.

% varietas. Abdomen in parte basali macula nigra maxima trapezoidali notatum,
in parte altera maculis parvis albis biseriatis ornatum.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

(10) Theridio7i acutitarse, sp. nov.

t. Long. 3 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis
triseriatis munita, fulvo-rufescens, linea marginali exili nigricanti, vittaque media nigri-
canti et reticulata, antice lata postice attenuata, ornatus. Oculi antici in lineam levissime
procurvam, medii leviter prominuli, lateralibus majores et inter se quam a lateralibus
remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem saltem aequanti, inter medios et
laterales circiter 1/3 minore). Oculi postici, superne visi, in lineam leviter procurvam,
medii lateralibus paulo majores, ovati vel obtusissime triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter
se remotiores, spatio oculo haud latiore a sese distantes. Area mediorum saltem haud
longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen breviter oblongum, parce
et longe fulvo-setosum, fulvo-testaceum, plus minus albo-punctatum et maculis nigris
iniquis et angulosis biseriatis, posticis saepe confluentibus et vittis binis valde dentatis

ARACHNIDA 457

formantibus, supra ornatum, subtus antice utrinque infuscatum, regione epigasteris
convexa, fulvo-rufula et nitida. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longissimae et angustae,
sed extus ad basin leviter convexae, intus longe leviter emarginatae, angulo interiore
apicali dente sat gracili sed truncato armato. Partes oris sternumque fusco-olivacea.
Sternum tenuiter nigro-marginatum et macula parva apicali nigricanti notatum. Pedes
fulvi, sat longe setosi, femoribus, tibiis metatarsisque annulo submedio vel subbasilari
(saepe obsoleto) annuloque apicali fuscis vel rufulis ornatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvi,
femore sat robusto, patella longiore quam latiore parum convexa, tibia patella longiore,
paulo graciliore, apicem versus leviter ampliata, subtus parum producta sed longe setosa,
tarso parvo, tibia vix longiore haud latiore, apice acuminate et bulbum simplex
superante.

%. Long. 3 '5 — 4 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, tenuissime, vix distincte,
nigro-marginatus, parte cephalica antice leviter infuscata, postice macula triquetra nigri-
canti, punctos binos fulvos includente, notata. Oculi antici in lineam levissime procur-
vam, medii majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios
latitudinem oculi circiter aequanti, inter medios et laterales saltern duplo minore). Oculi
postici in lineam subrectam, inter se fere aequidistantes. Area mediorum paulo latior
quam longior et antice quam postice vix latior. Abdomen subglobosum, fulvo-testa-
ceum, albo-pvmctatum, antice maculis binis magnis convergentibus, saepe confluentibus,
dein maculis quatuor biseriatis minoribus et angulosis, postice utrinque macula majore,
valde anguloso-dentata, nigris, ornatum, subtus antice utrinque infuscatum. Chelae,
partes oris, sternum, pedesque fulvo-rufula, femoribus apice minute fusco-notatis, anticis
subtus confuse infuscatis, tibiis metatarsisque annulo medio, saepe obsoleto, annuloque
apicali, fusco-rufulis notatis. Area genitalis parva simplex et rufula.

Plate XV. fig. 9.

Hab. Kauai.

(11) Theridion melinum, sp. nov.

^. Long. 3*5 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis
longis triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media lata obscuriore olivacea, saepe obsoleta,
notatus. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii nigri et rotundi, lateralibus ovatis et
albis paulo majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo
saltern haud angustiore). Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo
majores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii magni,
aequi, aream circiter aeque longam ac latam et antice quam postice vix latiorem occu-
pantes. Abdomen breviter oblongum, parce tenuiter et longe setosum, luteo-testaceum,
supra nigro-punctatum, macula anteriore parva maculaque media maxima et subquadrata
albis ornatum, interdum vitta Integra flexuosa, in medio valde dilatata et angulosa

458 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

postice sensim attenuata, ornatum, margine anteriore abdominis leviter coriacea,
utrinque lobo obtuse serrato munito, subtus regione epigasteris leviter convexa, fulva,
fusco-marginata, regione ventrali concolore vel in medio confuse infuscata. Chelae
fulvae, laeves, ad basin leviter convexae, apice attenuatae et leviter divaricatae. Partes
oris infuscatae, laminae ad basin dilutiores. Sternum luteum. Pedes longi, femoribus,
saltern anticis, sat robustis, longe et valde setosi, patellis quatuor anticis, tibiis prope
medium, seta erecta longiore armatis, lutei, interdum concolores, rarius tibiis anticis
in medio atque ad apicem, tibiis posticis ad apicem metatarsisque plus minus fusco-
rufulo-annulatis. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, lutei, tibia, superne visa, patella paulo
breviore et angustiore, apicem versus sensim ampliata, subtus producta, obtuse truncata
et setis validis et longis seriatis munita, tarso anguste ovato et obtuso, bulbo ad margi-
nem exteriorem processu membranaceo, ad basin lato dein angusto et obliquo sed apice
obtuso et tarsum paulo superante, in medio plagula fusca semicirculari, ad marginem
interiorem spina brevi, antice directa, apice obtusa et minute uncata, munito.

%. Long. 4 — 4'5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, linea marginali carens, sed vitta
media fusco-olivacea, antice lata, postice sensim attenuata notatus. Oculi antici in
lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus vix majores et a sese quam a lateralibus
remotiores (spatio inter medios latitudine oculi paulo latiore). Oculi postici in lineam
procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, subrotundi vel obtusissime triquetri, a
lateralibus quam inter se evidenter remotiores, spatio oculo saltem baud latiore a sese
distantes. Oculi medii inter se aequales, aream paulo longiorem quam latiorem et
antice quam postice paulo latiorem, occupantes. Abdomen subglobosum, luteo-testa-
ceum, pictura dorsali valde variabili, plerumque punctis maculisque nigris parum
regulariter biseriatis vittaque media dilutiore, valde dentata, antice albo-marginata,
postice valde attenuata et alba ornatum, interdum omnino nigro-punctatum et postice
nigro-segmentatum, sed antice vitta transversa alba, in medio anguloso-arcuata, notatum,
rarius nigrum antice arcu transverso lato, postice, in declivitate, maculis parvis binis
geminatis vittaque abbreviata albis, ornatum, subtus concolor vel in medio confuse
infuscatum. Chelae fulvae, partes oris infuscatae. Sternum pedesque lutea, tibiis
metatarsisque plus minus fusco-annulatis. Plaga genitalis fusca, transversim semi-
circularis, ad marginem posticym foveola media minutissima nigra, punctiformi impressa.

Plate XV. fig. lo.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala. — Oahu, Kaala Mts. 2000 ft.,
Waianae Mts.

(12) Theridion posticatuni, sp. nov.

t. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, vitta media nigricanti, antice lata
postice sensim attenuata, notatus, laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica setis longis
triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii, rotundi nigri, lateralibus, albis

ARACHNIDA 459

et ovatis, paulo majores et inter se quam a lateralibus multo remotiores (spatio inter
medios oculo saltern \ latiore, inter medios et laterales fere dupio minore). Oculi
postici in lineam procurvam, medii sat longe triquetri, lateralibus vix majores sed a
lateralibus quam inter se remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et
antice quam postice latior. Abdomen (valde detritum) oblongum, parce et longe
setosum, nigricans, supra vitta media alba, in medio ampliata et subangulosa, ornatum.
Chelae fulvae, laeves, longae et angustae, sed ad basin leviter convexae. Partes
oris infuscatae. Sternum pedesque lutea, tibiis cunctis ad basin atque ad apicem
confuse infuscatis et subannulatis, femoribus 4' paris apice nigricanti-annulatis, meta-
tarsis anticis ad basin atque ad apicem minute fuscis. Pedes longi, valde et longe
setosi, antici posticis multo longiores. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, lutei, apice rufes-
centi-tincti, tibia, superne visa, patella vix breviore angustiore sed apicem versus
sensim ampliata, subtus producta, truncata et setis longis seriatis munita, tarso sat
anguste ovato et obtuso, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo valde
arcuato apice bifido, ramulo exteriore obtuso, interiore tenui et acuto, ad marginem
interiorem dente nigra valida et acuta antice recte directa et apicem tarsi saltern
attingente.

%. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, linea marginali carens, vitta
media lata obscuriore, antice saepe confusa, in parte thoracica nigricanti et reticulata
ornatus. Oculi antici in lineam leviter procurvam, magni et subaequales, medii latera-
libus vix majores, inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores, sed spatio oculi latitudinem
vix aequanti a sese distantes. Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, medii lateralibus
paulo majores, obtuse triquetri, intus recti, a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores,
spatio oculo evidenter angustiore a sese distantes. Oculi quatuor medii, magni et
subaequales, aream antice quam postice paulo latiorem occupantes. Abdomen ob-
longum, parce et longe fulvo-setosum, luteo-testaceum, supra punctis nigris iniquis et
inordinatis, vittas duas latas et confusas designantibus, ornatum, subtus utrinque
leviter nigricanti-variatum et postice, prope mamillas, maculis binis nigris sub-
quadratis notatum. Chelae, sternum, partes oris pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, parte
labiali laminisque intus infuscatis. Pedes sat robusti, valde et longe setosi, tibiis
metatarsisque in medio atque ad apicem late rufescenti-tinctis et subannulatis. Plaga
genitalis fusca, leviter coriacea plana, semicircularis vel subrotunda.

Plate XV. fig. 12.

Hab. Lanai, Koloe, 2000 ft. — Molokai.

F. H. II.

46o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Teutana E. Simon.

(i) Teutana grossa C. Koch.

Theridion grosstim C. Koch, Arachn. iv. 1838, p. 112, fig. 321.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala.

Espece tres repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, les iles de I'ocean atlan-
tique et TAmerique du Sud extratropicale. Sans doute introduite aux Sandwich.

Ulesanis L. Koch,
(i) Ulesanis oahuensis, sp. nov.

%. Long. I "5 mm. Cephalothorax brevissimus, superne omnino obtectus, in medio
convexus, antice posticeque valde declivis, laevis et nitidus, fusco-piceus, nigricanti-
marginatus. Oculi quatuor antici inter se contigui, in hneam rectam, medii nigri
lateraHbus albis vix minores. OcuH postici in hneam vix procurvam, inter se anguste
distantes, medii albi et leviter angulosi lateraHbus paulo majores. Area quatuor
mediorum longior quam latior, in medio tuberculis obtusis parvis binis et geminatis
ornata. Abdomen maximum ovatum, antice posticeque rotundum, altissimum et
tuberculo medio grosso et obtusissimo munitum, albido-testaceum, supra valde et fere
inordinate nigricanti-reticulatum et subniaculatum, subtus infuscatum. Sternum ru-
fescens, nigro-marginatum. Pedes breves et robusti, tibiis anticis leviter clavatis, fulvo-
rufescentes, femoribus tibiis metatarsisque subtus nigricanti-vittatis et apice subannulatis.

Plate XVI. fig. II.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae.

Par son abdomen pourvu d'un seul gros tubercule median tres obtus, cette espece
se rapproche surtout de V Ulesanis capensis E. Sim. de I'Afrique australe.

Fam. ARGIOPIDAE.

Subfam. LINYPHIINAE.

Erigone Audouin.

(i) Erigone vagans Audouin.

Erigone vagans Audouin in Savigny, Descr. de I'Egypte, 2° ed. t. xxii. p. 319,

tab. I. fig. 9.
Neriene spinosa Cambr., Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 292, tab. xiii. fig. 2.

ARACHNIDA 461

Erigone litoralis L. Koch, Beitr. kenn. Ar. Fn. Tirols, 1868, p. 274.
Erigone vagans E. Simon, Ar. France, t. v. 1884, P- 530.
Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

Cette espece, probablement introduite, a un habitat des plus vastes ; elle est en
efifet repandue dans toute la region mediterraneenne et les lies de I'Atlantique, et a
etd trouvee aussi a Singapore et au Cap de Bonne-Esperance, oil elle est commune.

MicRONETA (Menge) E. Simon.

Ce genre est represente dans les lies Hawaii et Maui par une espece de forme
normale, differant cependant des especes europeennes et americaines par les cheliceres
du male, pourvues en avant, pres le bord interne, d'une forte dent aigue, dirigee en
bas ; caractere frequent dans le genre Tmeticus, mais jusqu'ici etranger au genre
Microneta.

( I ) Microneta insiilana, sp. nov.

$. Long. 2 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-castaneus, subtilissime coriaceus et opacus,
sat longe ovatus, parte cephalica antice leviter elevata, parum attenuata, fronte lata.
Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii inter se contigui, a lateralibus, paulo majoribus,
anguste sejuncti. Oculi postici in lineam subrectam, sat magni, inter se aequi, sat
anguste et fere aeque distantes. Clypeus latus, verticalis, sub oculis leviter depressus.
Abdomen longe ovatum, nigrum, supra antice sensim dilutius et rufescenti-tinctum.
Sternum nigrum. Chelae fusco-castaneae, subtiliter coriaceae, longae, validae et
convexae, sed apice valde attenuatae et leviter divaricatae, antice, pone medium et
prope marginem interiorem, dente acuto armatae, marginibus sulci longis et leviter
depressis, dentibus parvis paucis remotissimis munitis, ungue longo. Pedes sat longi,
fulvi. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, fulvi apice infuscati, tibia patella vix breviore,
extus ad apicem fere supra, apophysi brevi bifida, ramulo superiore acuto et erecto,
altero acuto sed antice secundum tarsum directo, armata, tarso sat anguste ovato.

Plate XVIII. fig. 15.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Maui, Haleakala.

Cnephalocotes E. Simon.

Je rapporte avec doute a ce genre une espece des lies Sandwich qui differe de
ses congeneres europeennes par ses yeux posterieurs presque equidistants et le groupe
de ses yeux medians a peine plus long que large en arriere, mais qui sous tous les
autres rapports (notamment par la structure de ses organes sexuels) est tres analogue

60 — 2

462 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

aux C. pusillus Menge et citrtus E. Sim. Contrairement a ce qui a lieu dans les
especes europeennes, le front du male, obtus et convexe, ne presente ni lobe ni
impressions, et son bandeau, tres haut et un peu proclive, n'en pas convexe.

Le C. simpliciceps E. Sim. a aussi des rapports avec le genre Entclecara.

Le genre Cnephalocotes ne renfermait jusqu'ici que sept ou huit especes europeennes
dont I'une (C. airtiis E. Sim.) a ete retrouvee en Egypte ; nous lui avons rapporte
avec doute une espece du Bresil, dont la femelle est seule connue.

(i) Cnephalocotes simpliciceps, sp. nov.

$. Long. I "8 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-nitidus, brevis, parte cephalica con-
vexa et obtusa, nee gibbosa nee impressa. Oculi antici in lineam sat procurvam,
medii lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores.
Oculi postici mediocres, in lineam latiorem leviter procurvam, inter se fere aeque
€t sat late distantes. Area quatuor mediorum multo latior postice quam antice et vix
longior quam postice latior. Clypeus area oculorum tota multo latior, leviter proclivis
sed planus (nee convexus nee prominulus). Abdomen oblongum, convexum, supra
scuto nigro-nitido, postice truncato, fere omnino obtectum. Partes oris chelaeque
nigrae. Sternum nigro-opacum, magnum, convexum, postice late truncatum et coxis
posticis subglobosis latius. Pedes debiles et breves, sat breviter et fere aequaliter
pilosi, fulvo-olivacei, coxis femoribus ad basin patellisque dilutioribus. Pedes-maxillares
sat breves, lutei apice infuscati, patella parva nodosa, tibia patella paulo longiore
multo crassiore, extus apophysibus trinis iniquis armata : apophysi superiore longa sat
gracili sed obtusa apice leviter plicata, mediana brevi dentiformi, inferiore multo
longiore crassa apice truncata, tarso ovato et obtuso, supra ad basin depressiusculo,
bulbo ovato nigro modice complicato.

Plate XVIII. fig. 14.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

Labulla E. Simon.

Le genre Labulla est represente aux lies Sandwich par deux grosses especes
qui s'eloignent des formes typiques (Z. thoracica Wider) par certains caracteres qui
semblent les rapprocher des Tetragnatha, notamment par leurs lames-maxillaires qui,
au lieu d'etre arrondies, sont tronquees a I'extremite et anguleuses au cote externe
■et par leurs cheliceres dont les marges sont armees de dents beaucoup plus nombreuses,
mais il est a noter que ce dernier caractere est variable dans le genre Labulla, chez
L. thoracica Wider, en effet la marge inferieure offre quatre petites dents tandis

ARACHNIDA 463

qu'elle n'en presente que deux chez L. altioculata Keyserl. et rnpicola E. Sim. ; la
disposition de ces dents est au reste la meme : celles de la marge superieure sont
plus fortes et plus longues que celles de la marge inferieure comme dans tous les
genres de la sous-famille des Linypliimae. Leurs yeux medians posterieurs sont plus
rapproches I'un de I'autre que des lateraux, ce qui s'observe aussi, mais a un moindre
degre, chez L. altioculata Keyserling.

(i) Labulla grapliica, sp. nov.

^. Long. 8 '5 mill. Cephalothorax laevis, glaber, fusco-nigricans, reticulatus,
vitta media lata fulvo-rufula, antice utrinque fusco-reticulata, postice attenuata et
leviter dentata, ornatus, parte cephalica longa et attenuata, striis obliquis, utrinque
profundis in medio evanescentibus, discreta, parte thoracica ovata, in medio late sed
parum profunde canaliculata, haud striata. Oculi cuncti magni et subaequales, lineas
binas subrectas designantes, medii antici et praesertim postici a lateralibus quam
inter se fere \ remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii aream leviter prominulam, longiorem
quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem, occupantes. Oculi laterales
utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus verticalis, area oculorum mediorum circiter
aequilatus. Abdomen ovatum, valde convexum, nigricans, antice latissime dilutius et
albido-testaceum, utrinque vittis latis binis valde flexuoso-dentatis, saepe confluentibus,
postice lineolis obliquis seriatis albido-testaceis ornatum, subtus fusco-testaceum, regione
epigasteris leviter coriacea. Chelae longae, parallelae, sed apice leviter divaricatae,
fusco-rufulae, in parte basali laeves sed extus tenuiter rugosae, in parte apicali crebre
et minute rugosae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore dentibus quatuor parvis, obtusis
et inter se distantibus, dein, pone angulum, dentibus majoribus et acutis quinque,
margine inferiore dentibus parvis subaequis 8 — 10, i — 4 inter se distantibus, reliquis
subcontiguis, armatis. Laminae fusco-rufulae, apice late et recte truncatae, cum angulo
exteriore leviter prominulo et subacuto. Pars labialis nigricans, haud longior quam
latior et dimidium laminarum haud superans, apice obtusa et marginata. Sternum
nigricans, opacum. Pedes sat robusti et, praesertim antici, longi, longe setosi et
aculeis setiformibus armati, fulvo-rufuli, femoribus annulo subapicali lato annuloque
apicali minore pallide fuscis, tibiis annulo medio fusco lato annuloque apicali nigro
notatis, patellis fuscis, metatarsis rufulo-tinctis in medio atque ad apicem vix distincte
infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvi apice fusci, femore gracili curvato, patella parva,
tibia patella saltem duplo longiore, supra ad apicem obtuse prominula, extus longe
et valde nigro-setosa, tarso longe ovato, extus, prope basin, obtuse emarginato atque
ad angulum inferiorem apophysi depressa acuta et antice directa armato, bulbo
magno valde complicato.

%. Long. 10 — 12 mill. Alari subsimilis, sed oculis quatuor anticis, antice visis,
in lineam leviter recurvam, pedibus paulo brevioribus, femoribus haud vel vix distincte

464 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

annulatis, chelis robustioribus, antice setosis baud vel vix distincte rugosis, margine
superiore sulci dentibus validis 6 vel 7 (1° angulari et ultimis binis minoribus) anticis
trinis inter se distantibus reliquis subcontiguis, armato, pedibus-maxillaribus fulvis,
apice sensim infuscatis. Area genitalis leviter convexa. postice subverticalis, in medio
depressa et carinula testacea tenui divisa, utrinque fovea subrotunda vel leviter
angulosa, crasse nigro-marginata, impressa.

Plate XVI. fig. 2.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa.

(2) Labiilla torosa, sp. nov.

Z. Long. ceph. th. long. 6 mill. Cephalothorax laevis, fulvus, antice sensim
rufescenti-tinctus, parte thoracica utrinque late infuscata et reticulata, parte cephalica
striis profundis obliquis sed in medio evanescentibus discreta, thoracica obtuse cana-
liculata baud striata. Oculi sat magni, inter se subaequales, quatuor postici, superne
visi, in lineam levissime procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se saltem duplo
remotiores. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et a
lateralibus quam inter se plus triplo remotiores. Oculi medii leviter prominuli, aream
longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem occupantes. Oculi late-
rales utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus verticalis, area oculorum mediorum latior.
Chelae fusco-rufulae, longissimae, apice attenuatae et leviter divaricatae, extus, prae-
sertim ad apicem crebre et minute rugosae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore in parte
apicali dentibus minutissimis et obtusis 4 vel 5, prope medium dentibus multo majoribus
atque acutis 4 (2° paulo longiore), dein dentibus minoribus binis remotis, margine
inferiore carinato, prope medium dentibus 6, parvis aequis et subcontiguis, lineam
leviter arcuatam designantibus, instructis, ungue longo. Partes oris fusco-rufulae,
laminae leviter inaequales, apice late truncatae cum angulo exteriore prominulo et acuto,
pars labialis circiter aeque longa ac lata, valde inaequalis, apice rotunda et crasse margi-
nata. Sternum fuscum opacum. Pedes longi, setis longis aculeisque setiformibus
muniti, fulvi, patellis fusco-rufulis, tibiis in medio vi.x infuscatis sed annulo apicali
nigricanti notatis, metatarsis apicem versus leviter infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares magni,
fulvi apice nigri, femore gracili curvato, patella parva convexa, tibia patella longiore,
graciliore, sed apice incrassata, longe nigro-crinita, tarso longe ovato, extus in medio
valde dilatato et anguloso, intus ad basin apophysi nigra depressa acuta et antice
directa, dein tuberculo rufulo lato et obtuso munito, bulbo maximo, apophysibus
plurimis rufulis nigrisque insigniter instructo.

%. Long. 12 — 15 mill. Cephalothorax opacus, fusco-castaneus, ad marginem
obscurior, regione oculari nigra. Oculi sat magni et subaequales, quatuor postici,
superne visi, in lineam leviter procurvam, medii inter se quam a lateralibus fere \
remotiores, quatuor antici, antice visi, in lineam vix recurvam, subrectam, medii

ARACHNIDA 465

lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se saltern duplo remotiores.
Oculi quatuor medii leviter prominuli, aream longiorem quam latiorem et antice
quam postice angustiorem occupantes, antici posticis paulo minores. Oculi laterales
utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus area oculorum mediorum paulo latior, ver-
ticalis sed sub oculis leviter depressus. Abdomen oblongum, convexum, sat longe et
tenuiter pilosum, nigricans, supra antice late dilutius et testaceum, et utrinque vittis
binis obliquis testaceis, postice obsoletis, notatum, subtus in medio dilutius. Chelae
longae, fusco-castaneae, opacae, minute et parce rugosae, marginibus sulci longis,
superiore dentibus acutis validis inter se fere aequis (ultimis binis paulo minoribus)
et fere aequidistantibus, margine inferiore dentibus multo minoribus aequis et sub-
contiguis 10 vel 11 armatis. Partes oris castaneae. Sternum fuscum opacum. Pedes
longi et validi, longe setosi et aculeis setiformibus muniti, obscure fulvo-rufuli vel
castanei, tibiis in medio late infuscatis et annulo apicali nigricanti notatis, metatarsis
apicem versus infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares castanei, femore patellaque dilutioribus.
Vulva fere praecedentis, fovea media triquetra cannula tenui divisa et utrinque
foveola crasse nigro-marginata notata.

Plate XVI. fig. I.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa. — Maui, Haleakala. — Molokai Mts. — Kauai, Waimea.

Subfam. TETRAGNATHINAE.
DoRYONYCHUs, nov. gen.

A. Tetragnatha cui subsimilis est differt pedibus omnino muticis, quatuor anticis
reliquis multo longioribus, tarsis onychio sat longo munitis et unguibus binis, inter se
valde iniquis et dissimilibus, instructis : ungue exteriore brevi, gracili et recto dentibus
parvis paucis munito, ungue interiore plus decuplo longiore, ad basin valde curvato,
dein subrecto, gracili et acutissimo, subtus in parte basali dentibus obliquis seriatis,
minutissimis armato, subtus in parte apicali mutico sed valde compresso et acute
carinato.

L'espece pour laquelle nous proposons ce genre ne differe absolument des
Tetragnatha que par la structure tres remarquable de ses tarses et de ses griffes
anterieures, qui est unique dans I'ordre entier des Araneae.

Les tarses des deux premieres paires sont coupes, vers leur quart apical, d'une
fausse articulation, formant un onychium assez long, cylindrique, garni en dessous
de crins rudes, et arme a I'extremite de deux griffes tres inegales et tres dissemblables ;
I'externe est petite, grele, presque droite et armee de quelques petites dents, I'interne
est au moins dix fois plus longue, fortement courbee a la base en forme d'agrafe,
ensuite presque droite, tres grele et terminee en pointe effilee, pourvue en dessous,
dans sa partie basale seulement, d'une serie de tres petites dents contigues, carinul^e
et mutique en dessous dans toute sa partie apicale.

466 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Doryonychus raptor, sp. nov.

^. Long. lo mill. Cephalothorax angustus, longus et humilis, parte cephalica
striis integris profundis discreta, parte thoracica utrinque obtuse marginata, striis
radiantibus profundis depressioneque media longitudinali, antice profunda et triquetra,
postice evanescente, impressa, fronte angusta et obtusa, in medio leviter prominula,
pallide luteus, oculis singulariter nigro-cinctis. Oculi postici inter se aequidistantes, in
lineam valde recurvam. Oculi antici in lineam circiter aequilatam recurvam. Oculi
quatuor medii inter se subaequales, aream subquadratam occupantes. Oculi laterales
utrinque spatio oculo (postico) baud vel vix latiore a sese distantes, posticus antico
fere duplo major. Abdomen angustum et longissimum, teretiusculum sed postice acu-
minatum, albido-argenteum, supra confuse aurantiaco-tinctum. Chelae luteae nitidae,
sat longae et proclives, supra et extus convexae, supra in parte apicali apophysi sat
brevi valida sed subacuta et arcuata munitae, margine superiore sulci dente i°
mediocri recto, dente 2°, primo paulo longiore, acuto, dein dentibus minoribus seriatis
quatuor munito, margine inferiore dente 1° subapicali sat parvo, dente 2° paulo
longiore, dein dentibus seriatis minutissimis (1° reliquis vix majore) 4 — 5 armato,
ungue simplici baud dentato. Partes oris, sternum pedesque lutea, parte labiali
leviter infuscata, tibiis, metatarsis tarsisque ad apicem leviter infuscatis. Sternum
paululum convexum, nitidissimum. Pedes omnino mutici, quatuor antici reliquis
multo longiores, tarsis subtus ad apicem onychiisque subtus rude-pilosis. Pedes-
maxillares Tetragnathae, graciles et longi, tibia patella multo longiore, ad basin angus-
tiore sed apicem versus sensim ampliata, apophysi tarsali tibia circiter aequilonga,
gracili et subacuta, subtus in medio angulosa, tarso gracili et longo, bulbo depres-
siusculo sed spina tenui et acuta vix arcuata et leviter contorta, tarso vix breviore,
munito.

$. Long. 12 — 15 mill. Mari subsimilis sed chelis apophysi superiore carentibus,
abdomine longissimo, paulo crassiore, antice posticeque attenuato, albido-argenteo,
superne aurantiaco-tincto, vulva, longe pone spiracula locata, postice plagula parva
rufula ovata, fere verticali, munita.

Plate XVI. fig. 8— Plate XIX. fig. i.

Hab. Kauai.

Tetragnatha Latreille.

Le genre Tetragnatha, tres abondant dans I'archipel, y est represente par neuf
especes qui lui paraissent speciales, a I'exception cependant du T. mandibulata Walck.,
qui y a peut-etre ete introduit.

Ces Tetragnatha peuvent se rapporter a trois groupes ; les T. mandibulata W.,

ARACHNIDA 467

hawaiensis, iieirix, Perkinsi E. Sim. ; rentrent dans le premier groupe ayant pour
type le T. extcnsa L. (Hist. Nat. Ar. t. i. p. 720), a cela pres cependant, que
leur premiere ligne oculaire, vue en dessus, est un peu plus large que la seconde ;
leurs pattes ne sont armees que d'epines assez courtes et peu nombreuses et le tibia
de la patte-machoire de la femelle est mutique.

Les T. restricta, kaimiensis et ttncifcra E. Sim., qui pourraient former un groupe
special et nouveau, ont cependant la meme disposition oculaire, mais leurs pattes
sont armees d'epines divergentes beaucoup plus longues et plus nombreuses, rappelant
celles des T. gracilis Stol. et gemmata L. Koch ; le tibia de leur patte-machoire chez
la femelle est arme, de chaque cote, d'une longue epine divergente, enfin leur abdomen
est le plus souvent rhomboedrique, plus ou moins elargi, convexe et parfois tubercule
au milieu.

Cette forme est encore exageree dans le T. cuncivcntris E, Sim., qui differe de
ses congeneres par ses tibias et metatarses anterieurs mutiques et qui pourrait aussi
devenir le type d'un groupe partlculier.

Le tableau suivant resume les caracteres des Tetragnatha des lies Sandwich.

Synopsis specierum.

Mares.

1. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali magno, reliquis dentibus multo majore

et antice oblique directo arniatus mandibulata.

Chelarum margo superior dente apicali parvo vel nullo 2.

2. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali carens, dente 1° parvo et remote, dente

2° maximo, prope medium sito 3.

Chelarum margo superior dente apicali parvo, ad radicem unguis sito, munitus 5.

3. Chelarum margo superior dente 1° mediocri remote et uncato uncifera.

Chelarum margo superior dente 1° remoto, parvo, recto et acuto 4.

4. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali minutissimo et obtuso, dente 2" sub-

apicali valido et longo armatus cimeiventris.

Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali carens, dente subapicali sat valido d,xxndX\x%...restricta.

5. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali minutissimo obtuso subrotundo 6.

Chelarum margo superior dente apicali compresso truncato cariniformi et

minute bifido 7-

6. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso, dente 2" subapicali

valido longo et leviter sinuoso-arcuato, reliquis dentibus seriatis a dentibus

apicalibus longe remotis iietnx.

Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso, dente 2° subapicali
valido sed sat brevi et recto, reliquis dentibus seriatis a dentibus apicalibus
parum distantibus perktnsi.

7. Chelarum margo superior dente 3° submedio longissimo, reliquis dentibus

seriatis inter se subcontiguis sed a dente 3" remotis kauatensis.

Chelarum margo superior dente 3° submedio mediocri, reliquis dentibus seriatis

inter se fere aeque et sat late distantibus sobrina.

F. H. II. 6'

468 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fetninae.

1. Tibia pedum-maxillarium utrinque aculeo setiformi longo et divaricato vel seta

niunita. Tibiae anticae subtus aculeis tenuibus longissimis et divaricatis

armatae 2.

Tibia pedum-maxillarium mutica. Tibiae anticae utrinque aculeis brevibus

pronis 3 vel 4 armatae, rarius muticae 4.

2. Tibiae anticae aculeis 4 — 4 subtus munitae. Abdomen rhomboidale restricta.

Tibiae anticae aculeis longissimis 5 — 5 vel 6 — 6 subtus munitae 3.

3. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali sat valido (dentibus seriatis baud minore)

armatus. Abdomen angustum et teretiusculum. Tibiae anticae aculeis

longis 6 — 6 armatae kauaiensis.

Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali niinutissimo (dentibus seriatis multo

minore) armatus. Abdomen in medio ampliatum et convexum imcifera.

4. Tibiae metatarsique antici omnino mutici. Abdomen breve supra elevatum

et turbinatum ciineivejitris.

Tibiae metatarsique antici aculeati. Abdomen longum et teretiusculum 5.

5. Chelarum unguis subtus ad basin minute dentatus, margo inferior dente apicali

maximo cultriformi recto et antice directo armatus (tab. xvii. fig. 7) matidibulata.

Chelarum unguis simplex baud dentatus 6.

■6. Chelarum margines duos dente apicali simili, longo, acuto et recto sed leviter

obliquo muniti. Abdomen subtus concolor nctrix.

Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo munitus. Abdomen subtus

vittatum 7 .

7. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso. Abdomen sat breve

subtus vitta obscuriore confusa notatum ...perkinsi.

Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali niinutissimo sed acuto et antice directo

armatus. Abdomen longum, vitta lata nigra tenuiter albido marginata

subtus notatum haivaietisis.

( I ) Tctraguaiha viandibiilata Walckenaer.

Tetragnatha viajtdibttlata Walck. Apt. t. xi. 1841, p. 211.
Tetragnatlia minatoria E. Simon, in: Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1877, p. 83.
Teti'agnatha leptognatha Thorell, St. Rag. Mai. etc. t. i. 1877, p. 101 (441).
Tetragnatha minatoria Thorell, in: Ann. Mus. civ. Geneva, 1887, p. 133.
Hab. Oahu. — Kauai (Schauinsland). — Molokai (Perkins).

Espece tres repandue dans la Malaisie orientale, I'lndo-Chine et les Philippines;
decrite de I'lle Guam (Mariannes) par Walckenaer.

(2) Tetragnatha netrix, sp. no v.

$. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax angustus et longus, pallide fulvo-rufescens,
pilis longis albis vestitus, fovea thoracica profunda transversa sulcisque cephalicis
impressus, fronte angusta. Oculi quatuor postici, superne visi, in lineam valde
recurvam, quatuor antici, antice visi, in lineam paulo latiorem subrectam. Oculi
quatuor medii aream subquadratam occupantes, antici posticis saltem \ majores.
Oculi laterales utrinque aequi, spatio oculo fere duplo" latiore a sese distantes. Ab-

ARACHNIDA 469

domen longissimum, teretiusculum, apice oblique sectum et mamillas pauIo superans,
albido-luteum, apice punctis fuscis minutissimis quatuor notatum. Chelae longissimae,
proclives, fulvo-rufulae, laeves, supra, in parte apicali, apophysi arcuata, apice minu-
tissime bifida, armatae, margine superiore sulci dente i", ad radicem unguis remote,
parvo recto, antice oblique directo, dente 2° maximo, crasso sed apice sat abrupte
acuto, dein dentibus acutis multo minoribus quinque, versus basin sensim minoribus
et inter se fere aequidistantibus, munito, margine inferiore, ad apicem, dentibus angu-
laribus binis, 1°, prope radicem unguis sito, minutissimo et obtuso, 2° multo majore,
intus directo, leviter flexuoso et arcuato, dein dentibus parvis seriatis 5 vel 6 fere
aequidistantibus, r et 2° reliquis paulo minoribus, armato, ungue longo, simplici baud
dentato. Pars labialis fusca. Laminae, sternum pedesque lutea. Pedes longissimi,
aculeis tenuibus et longis armati, tibiis anticis utrinque aculeis quatuor aculeoque
dorsali submedio, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus binis aculeoque interiore tantum
munitis Pedes-maxillares ordinarii, apophysi tarsali angusta subrecta et obtusa intus,
ante medium, angulosa et tuberculo rufulo obtuse truncato, munita.

%. Long. 10 — 12 mm. A mari, cui subsimilis est, differt chelis paulo brevioribus
et validioribus, apophysi superiore carentibus, margine superiore sulci dente apicali sat
valido recto acuto et leviter retro obliquo, dein dentibus seriatis 5 vel 6, inter se
anguste et fere aeque distantibus, versus basin sensim minoribus, margine inferiore
dente apicali, dente marginis superioris simili, dein dentibus seriatis quinque (a dente
apicali parum remotis), versus basin sensim minoribus, 1° leviter curvato, armatis.
Pedes lutei, tibiis anticis aculeis sat longis utrinque trinis, metatarsis aculeis basi-
laribus verticillatis aculeoque submedio interiore, armatis. Pedum-maxillarium patella
seta spiniformi apicali, tarsus setis similibus plurimis armati sed tibia mutica.

Plate XIX. fig. 6.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa, Kau.

Cette espece, qui a le facies du T. mandibulata Walck., s'en distingue par ses
yeux lateraux anterieurs a peine plus petits que les postt^rieurs ; chez le male par
I'apophyse des cheliceres plus eloignee de I'apex et par I'armature des marges ; a la
marge superieure en effet la dent angulaire manque tandis qu'elle est tres forte chez T.
mandibulata, la premiere dent, assez eloignee de la base du crochet, est petite,
tandis que la seconde est tres developpee, longue et robuste, a la marge inferieure la
seconde dent angulaire est au contraire beaucoup plus longue que celle de T. man-
dibulata et d'une forme speciale.

La femelle se distingue tres facilement de T. mandibulata car ses cheliceres
manquent de la dent apicale inferieure dirigee en avant et d^passant la base du
crochet, tandis que chacune de ses marges offre une dent angulaire semblable droite
aigue et un peu oblique.

Pour T. mandibulata voy. PI. XIX. fig. 7.

61—2

470 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(3) Tetragnatha hatvaiensis, sp. nov.

?. Long. 10 — 12 mm. Cephalothorax fulvus, in medio confuse olivaceo-tinctus.
Oculi antici, antice visi, in lineam recurvam. Oculi quatuor medii inter se sub-
aequales, aream paulo longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem,
■occupantes. Oculi laterales antici posticis multo minores. Abdomen longe oblongum,
in medio leviter convexum, luteum, vitta foliiformi latissima, leviter flexuosa, albido-
marginata et, saltern antice, linea albida tenui secta, supra ornatum, subtus vitta
media lata nigricanti albido-marginata ornatum. Sternum nigricans. Chelae robustae,
oblique proclives, margine superiore sulci dente angulari minutissimo et acuto serieque
remotissima dentium 6, versus basin sensim minorum, munito, margine inferiore dente
angulari mediocri acuto antice directo, serieque, parum remota, dentium 7 — 8, versus
basin sensim minorum, munito. Pedes fulvo-olivacei, femoribus tibiis metatarsisque
apice minute fuscis. Pedes antici sat breviter aculeati, tibiis utrinque aculeis brevibus
3 vel 4, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus binis et intus aculeis minoribus binis (2°
submedio) munitis. Pedum-maxillarium patella supra ad apicem seta spiniformi, meta-
tarsus utrinque setis similibus armati sed tibia mutica.

Plate XIX. fig. 4.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa, Hilo.

Cette espece, dont le male est encore inconnu, est assez voisine du T. man-
dibulata Walck., dont elle se distingue cependant par I'armature des marges de ses
cheliceres qui manquent de la dent apicale cultiforme caracteristique. Elle se distingue
de T. netrix E. Sim. par ses yeux lateraux anterieurs beaucoup plus petits que les
post^rieurs, par son abdomen marque d'une bande noire ventrale tres nette, par les
epines de ses pattes beaucoup plus courtes, enfin par ses cheliceres dont la marge
superieure offre une dent angulaire tres petite, rudimentaire, I'inferieure une dent
angulaire plus forte, obliquement dirigee en avant.

(4) Tetragnatha perkinsi, sp. nov.

<?. Long. 7 — 9 mm. Cephalothorax longus, fulvo-rufescens, fovea thoracica
magna, subrotunda, sulcisque cephalicis impressus, fronte sat lata. Oculi postici,
superne visi, in lineam valde recurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores et a lateralibus
quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi antici, antice visi, in lineam leviter recurvam,
vix latiorem. Oculi quatuor medii inter se subaequales, aream vix longiorem quam
latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem occupantes. Oculi laterales utrinque sub-
aequales leviter prominuli et a sese parum separati, spatio interoculari oculo non

ARACHNIDA 471

multo latiore. Abdomen cylindraceum sat breve, obscure fulvum, parce nitido-
punctatum, subtus baud punctatum. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longissimae et
proclives, supra, in parte apicali, apophysi arcuata, apice minute et inaequaliter bifida,
armatae, margine superiore sulci dente 1° apicali minutissimo, dente 2° remoto
parvo, dente 3° remoto et submedio, multo majore et acuto, dein dentibus minoribus
seriatis quatuor, versus basin sensim minoribus, armato, margine inferiore, dente
apicali parvo et obtuso, dente 2° majore et compresso a praecedenti subgeminato, dein
dentibus quinque mediocribus inter se fere aequidistantibus, \" et 2° reliquis paulo
minoribus, munito, ungue longo, simplici, baud dentato. Laminae fusco-olivaceae.
Pars labialis nigra. Sternum obscure fulvum. Pedes longi, fulvi, minute et parum
distincte rufulo-annulati, aculeis parvis paucissimis (ordinariis) armati. Pedes-maxil-
lares fulvi, longi ordinarii, tibia patella multo longiore, ad basin angustiore sed
versus apicem sensim incrassata, apophysi tarsali tibia circiter aequilonga subrecta et
obtusa, subtus prope medium tuberculo rufulo truncate, cum angulo anteriore minute
prominulo, munita.

%. Long. 8 — 12 mm. A mari differt chelis brevioribus et validioribus, convexis,
apophysi superiore carentibus, margine superiore sulci dente angulari mediocri et
obtuso, dein dentibus seriatis quinque, ad apicem remotis, sed inter se appropinquatis,
versus basin sensim minoribus, margine inferiore dente apicali mediocri acuto et
leviter curvato, dein dentibus inter se aequidistantibus quinque, i, 2, et 3 inter
se aequis (1° leviter curvato), reliquis sensim minoribus, armatis. Abdomen sat
breviter ovatum, obscure fulvum, sat crebre flavo-niticlo-punctatum, subtus vitta media
lata obscuriore, parum expressa, notatum, pedibus fulvis, distinctius fusco-variatis et
subannulatis, sat longe setosis sed aculeis paucis mediocribus armatis, tibiis utrinque
aculeis sat brevibus trinis aculeoque dorsali setiformi submedio, metatarsis aculeis
basilaribus similibus plurimis aculeoque submedio munitis. Pedum-maxillarium patella
seta spiniformi apicali, tarsus setis similibus plurimis armati sed tibia mutica. Vulva
pone spiracula sita, postice late et recte truncata.

Plate XIX. fig. 5.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Hawaii, Kilauea.

(5) Tetragnatha sobrina, sp. nov.

t. Long. 6 mm. T. perkinsi affinis. Cephalothorax similis sed parte thoracica
in medio atque ad marginem confuse infuscata et olivacea. Oculi postici, .superne
visi, in lineam valde recurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores et a lateralibus quam
inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi antici, antice visi, in lineam subrectam vix latiorem.
Oculi quatuor medii aream circiter aeque longam ac latam et antice quam postice
angustiorem occupantes, antici posticis paulo minores. Oculi laterales utrinque sub-
aequales, leviter prominuli et a sese parum distantes, spatio interoculari oculo non

472 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

multo latiore. Abdomen cylindraceum, sat breve, obscure fulvum, supra parce albo-
punctatum sed vitta media impunctata, antice arcubus tenuibus fuscis postice punctis
nigricantibus biseriatis 5 — 5 ornata, notatum. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longissimae
et proclives, supra in parte apicali apophysi sat brevi, subrecta et subacuta, armatae,
margine superiore sulci dente 1° apicali parvo compresso et oblique truncato, dente
2° parvo, dente 3° majore recto et acuto, dein dentibus seriatis 4 vel 5, inter se fere
aequidistantibus et versus basin sensim minoribus, armato, margine inferiore dente
apicali minutissimo, obtuso, subrotundo, ad radicem unguis sito, dente 2° subapicali
majore et acuto, dein dentibus parvis sex, inter se fere aequidistantibus, ultimis binis
reliquis minoribus, munito, ungue longo simplici, baud dentato. Laminae fusco-
olivaceae. Pars labialis nigricans. Sternum pedesque fulva, femoribus anticis leviter
fusco-maculatis, patellis tibiisque apice leviter infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares a praece-
denti differt processu apicali tarso breviore et crassiore, apophysi ad marginem in-
feriorem tuberculo parvo subrotundo, baud truncato et longe ante medium sito,
instructa.

Plate XIX. fig. 8.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

T. sobrina E. S. est voisin de T. perkinsi E. Sim. dont il differe surtout par
ses yeux medians anterieurs un peu plus petits que les posterieurs, par la pointe
tarsale de sa patte-machoire plus courte et plus epaisse, par son apophyse tarsale pour-
vue, au bord inferieur, bien avant le milieu, d'un petit tubercule obtus, ni tronque ni
malleiforme, enfin par I'armature des marges de ses cheliceres ; a la marge superieure
en effet la dent apicale est obliquement tronquee et un peu bifide au lieu d'etre
conique, la 3" dent est relativement plus petite et moins reculee ; a la marge inferieure
les deux dents apicales sont presque semblables dans les deux especes, mais chez
T. sobrina les dents seriees sont a peu pres semblables entre elles, sauf les deux
dernieres qui sont un peu plus petites, tandis que chez T. Perkinsi les deux premieres
dents sont un peu plus petites que les autres.

(6) Tetragnatha kanaiensis.

$. Long. 6 mm. Cephalothorax angustus et longus, pallide fulvo-rufescens,
parte cephalica postice, thoracica ad marginem, leviter infuscatis, fovea thoracica ovata
postice attenuata sulcisque cephalicis impressus, fronte angusta. Oculi quatuor postici,
superne visi, in lineam valde recurvam, inter se aequales et fere aequidistantes. Oculi
quatuor antici in lineam subrectam vix latiorem, Oculi quatuor medii aream paulo
latiorem postice quam longiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem, occupantes, antici
posticis paulo majores. Oculi laterales utrinque aequi et inter se spatio oculo non
multo latiore distantes. Abdomen angustum et longum, obscure fulvum, luteo-nitido

ARACHNIDA 473

punctatum et supra maculis fuscis paucis biseriatis notatum. Chelae longissimae et
proclives, fulvo-rufulae, laeves, supra in parte apicali apophysi subrecta, apice nigra et
minutissime bifida, armatae, margine superiore sulci dente apicali, ad radicem unguis
sito, minutissimo compresso truncate cariniformi et minutissime bilobato, dente 2°
remote parvo, dente 3° maximo recto et acuto, dein dentibus remotis, acutis 4 vel 5,
versus basin sensim minoribus, armato, margine inferiore dentibus mediocribus 8, inter
se fere aequidistantibus, sed leviter iniquis, munito, ungue longo, simplici, haud dentato.
Pars labialis fusca. Laminae, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufescentia. Pedes aculeis te-
nuibus sed longissimis instructi, metatarsis anticis ad basin aculeis longis verticillatis,
et utrinque prope medium aculeo parvo armatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvi, ordinarii,
apophysi tarsali tibia circiter aequilonga, angusta sed obtusa, intus, prope basin, tu-
berculo rufulo et obtuso munita.

%. Long. 8 mm. A mari difiert chelis brevioribus et validioribus, apophysi
superiore carentibus, margine superiore sulci dente apicali mediocri acuto, dein den-
tibus seriatis subcontiguis sex, 1° valido reliquis sensim minoribus, margine inferiore
dentibus parvis seriatis (apicali vix majore) 6 — 8 armato. Abdomen longum et
angustum, supra flavo-aureum, subtus fulvum. Pedes longi, lutei, aculeis tenuibus
longissimis et numerosis muniti, femoribus anticis utrinque aculeis longissimis fere
setiformibus 6 — 6, tibiis subtus aculeis similibus 6 — 6, metatarsis ad basin aculeis
verticillatis, dein (ante medium) aculeo simili munitis. Pedes-maxillares patella supra
ad apicem, tibia metatarsoque utrinque aculeis divaricatis longissimis munitis.

Plate XIX. fig. 9.

Hab. Kaui, Halemanu.

(7) Tetragnatha rest rid a, sp. nov.

Z. Long. 5 '5 mm. A T. kauaiensi, cui valde affinis est, differt cephalo-
thorace breviore fronte latiore, obscure fulvo-rufescenti, parte cephalica postice macula
dilutiore confusa notata, oculis quatuor posticis, superne visis, in lineam valde re-
curvam, inter se aequalibus, mediis a lateralibus quam inter se vix remotioribus,
oculis quatuor anticis, antice visis, in lineam vix latiorem, subrectam, oculis quatuor
mediis inter se aequis, aream evidenter latiorem quam longiorem et antice quam
postice angustiorem, occupantibus, oculis lateralibus utrinque inter se spatio oculo non
multo latiore distantibus, antico postico paulo minore, abdomine paulo breviore, antice
obtuse truncato et emarginato, prope medium leviter ampliato, apicem versus longe
attenuate, obscure fulvo, crebre albo-argenteo-punctato, utrinque, prope medium, leviter
infuscato, subtus vitta media fulva (impunctata) notato. Chelarum margines ut in
T. kauaiensi armati sed margo superior dente parvo apicali cariniformi carens et
dente maximo (2°) paulo remotiore. Caetera fere T. kanaiensis.

474 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

%. Long. 6 — 7 mm. A mari differt chelis brevioribus et validioribus, margine
superiore sulci dente apicali parvo et acuto, dein dentibus seriatis, ab apice remotis
sed inter se contiguis, quinque, i° et 2° sat validis et inter se acquis, rellquis versus
basin sensim minoribus, margine inferiore fere similiter dentato, sed serie dentium a
dente apicali minus remota. Abdomen rhomboidale, in medio ampliatum et convexum,
antice et praesertim postice declive et valde attenuatum, obscure fulvum, crebre albo-
argenteo-punctatum. Pedes obscure fulvi, antici leviter et confuse fusco-variati, patellis
anticis aculeo apicali gracili, tibia utrinque aculeis quatuor tenuibus longissimis et
divaricatis, metatarsis ad basin aculeis trinis verticillatis (lateralibus longissimis, dorsali
parvo) aculeoque exteriore submedio armatis. Pedum-maxillarium patella supra ad
apicem tibiaque utrinque seta longissima et divaricata armatae.

Plate XIX. fig. ,o.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

(8) Tetragnatha uticifera, sp. nov.

t. Long. 6—7 mm. Cephalothorax modice longus, fronte lata, fovea thoracica
lata subrotunda, striis cephalicis profundis impressus, obscure fulvo-rufescens vel oli-
vaceus, tenuiter nigro-marginatus, parte cephalica utrinque infuscata et lineolis mediis
binis fuscis exillimis et subgeminatis, antice evanescentibus, notata, oculis singulariter
nigro-cinctis. Oculi postici superne visi, in lineam valde recurvam, inter se aequi et
aequidistantes. Oculi antici, antice visi, in lineam vix recurvam, vix latiorem. Oculi
quatuor medii aream circiter aeque longam ac latam et antice quam postice angus-
tiorem occupantes, antici posticis majores. Oculi laterales utrinque leviter prominuli
et a sese parum separati, spatio interoculari oculo vix latiore, anticus postico paulo
minor. Abdomen longe oblongum, in medio plus minus convexum. Chelae fulvo-
rufulae laeves, longissimae et proclives, supra in parte apicali apophysi arcuata, apice
minute bifida, armatae, margine superiore sulci, dente 1°, apice longe remoto, valido
sed acuto et uncato, dente 2° longiore acuto et recto, dein dentibus minoribus 5,
inter se aequidistantibus et versus basin sensim minoribus, armato, margine inferiore
dentibus subapicalibus binis mediocribus, 2° 1° paulo majore, dein dentibus minutis-
simis binis, inter se remotis, dein dentibus seriatis 6 — 7, vix majoribus et versus
basin sensim minoribus, munito, ungue longo, simplici baud dentato. Partes oris
sternumque fusca, parte labiali fere nigra. Pedes longi, obscure fulvi, patellis fuscis,
femoribus tibiisque annulis fuscis mediis apicalibusque notatis, metatarsis tarsisque apice
sensim infuscatis, aculeis tenuibus et lonms armati, tibiis anticis aculeis inferioribus
4 — 4 aculeisque dorsalibus binis, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus verticillatis 2 vel 3,
aculeoque submedio munitis. Pedes-maxillares lutei fusco-variati, longi, ordinarii, tibia

ARACHNIDA

475

patella multo longiore, ad basin angustiore sed versus apicem sensim ampliata, apo-
physi tarsal! angusta, subrecta et obtusa, intus, ante medium, angulosa et tuberculo
obtuso munita.

?. Long. ■]■ — lo mm. A mari differt chelis brevioribus et validioribus convexis,
apojDhysi superiore carentibus, margine superiore sulci dente angulari mediocri et
obtuso, dein dentibus seriatis, ad apicem remotis sed inter se appropinquatis, 5 — 6,
1° et 2° validis et inter se acquis, reliquis multo minoribus, margine inferiore dente
apicali parvo, dein serie dentium 6 — 7 validorum sed versus basin sensim minorum,
armato, abdomine in medio sensim ampliato, supra convexo et saepe obtuse tuber-
culato, cinereo-testaceo et crebre albido-punctato, vitta foliiformi lata fusca, utrinque
nigro-marginata, in medio abrupte ampliata et angulosa, postice sensim attenuata et
flexuosa, supra ornato, interdum vitta obsoleta sed macula media triquetra et utrinque
maculis parvis binis nigris ornata, subtus in medio confuse infuscato, regione epi-
gasteris rufulo-tincta, pedibus distinctius fusco-annulatis, femoribus anticis utrinque
aculeis 5 — 5, exterioribus parvis, interioribus longioribus, patellis aculeo apicali longis-
simo, tibiis aculeis inferioribus tenuibus sed longissimis 5 — 5 vel 4 — 5, aculeoque
dorsali submedio, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus verticillatis similibus aculeoque interiore
submedio instructis. Pedes-maxillares lutei fusco-annulati, patella supra ad apicem
seta spiniformi longa, tibia utrinque seta simili, tarso setis plurimis munitis. Vulva
pone spiracula sita, postice late et recte truncata.

Plate XIX. fig. 2.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Hawaii ; Kau, Kona, Mauna Loa. — Kauai.

(9) Tetragnatlia ameiventris, sp. nov.

^. Long. 5 — 6 mm. A praecedenti differt area oculorum mediorum antice quam
postice paulo angustiore et saltem baud latiore quam longiore, chelarum margine
superiore dente 1° mediocri, ad apicem minus remoto, acuto et recto, baud uncato,
dente 2° 1° plus duplo longiore recto et acuto, dentibus minoribus basilaribus trinis
munito, margine inferiore dente apicali minutissimo et obtuso, dente 2" multo majore
acuto et recto, dente 3° minore, dente 4° singulariter sito, parvo, dentibusque basi-
laribus seriatis trinis armato, pedum aculeis paucis, debilibus et brevibus, metatarsis
anticis, utrinque ad basin, minutissime aculeatis sed aculeo medio carentibus.

%. Long. 7 mm. A mari differt abdomine breviore et latiore, antice minute
emarofinato, in medio dilatato, altissimo et obtuse turbinato, obscure cinereo, crebre
albido-punctato, prope apicem transversim nigro-notato et subvittato, postice in
declivitate utrinque macula magna obliqua nigerrima et maculis mediis fuscis minoribus
seriatis ornato, subtus vitta media nigricanti notato, chelis brevioribus et validioribus,
subverticalibus, nitidis, obscure fulvis, antice et extus fusco-vittatis, dentibus marginum

F. H. II. 62

476 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

fere praecedentis, laminis fulvis extus fusco-marginatis, parte labiali sternoque nigri-
cantibus, pedibus fulvis, valde fusco-annulatis, femoribus anticis aculeis paucis seti-
formibus munitis sed reliquis articulis muticis, patellis seta apicali, tibiis setis erectis
binis supra munitis. Pedum-maxillarium patella seta apicali, tarsus setis plurimis
muniti sed tibia mutica.

Plate XIX. fig. 3.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

Subfam. ARGIOPINAE.

Argiope Audouin.

(i) Argiope avara Thorell.

A. avara Thorell, Freg. Eug. Resa, in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1868.

A. avara, McCook, Amer. Spid., t. iii. p. 222, tab. xiv. f i.

$. Long. 18 — 25 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, longe et crebre albo-
sericeo-pubescens, clypeo leviter infuscato. Area oculorum mediorum longior quam
latior et antice quam postice angustior, oculi antici posticis vix majores. Oculi
laterales utrinque valde prominuli et contigui, anticus ovatus postico rotundo plus
duplo minor. Abdomen late ovatum, antice rotundum, postice breviter attenuatum
et obtusum, superne leviter deplanatum, albido-cereolum, antice lineolis transversis
binis exilibus et abbreviatis, prope medium lineis transversis integris, saepe flexuosis,
postice vittis transversis 5 — 7, sensim latioribus, densioribus et saepe albido-punctatis,
interdum confluentibus, nigerrimis decoratum, in lateribus nigrum valde albido-
punctatum et maculatum, subtus regione epigasteris testacea, regione ventrali nigra,
vittis binis rectis sed postice leviter divaricatis, mamillas baud attingentibus, et maculis
medianis parvis binis albis notata. Sternum atrum, vitta latissima, utrinque lobata,
fulvo-rufula notatum. Coxae fulvo-rufulae fusco-marginatae et variatae. Pedes robusti
et longi, fusco-rufescentes, femoribus anticis subtus fere nigris, posticis confuse annu-
latis, sericeo-pubescentes, crebre et sat longe nigro-setosi. Tuberculum genitale
profunda foveolatum, et carinula alta testacea, antice leviter canaliculata, postice
sensim ampliata et plana, munitum.

Z. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax fuscus, longe et crebre albo-pilosus, versus
marginem dilutior et vitta media albido-lutea, antice latissima, postice sensim angus-
tiore, notatus. Abdomen angustum et parallelum, antice rotundum, postice breviter
acuminatum, supra crebre albo-punctatum et vitta media latissima et parallela paulo
obscuriore et tenuiter nigro-marginata, notatum, subtus nigricans et vittis albis binis
integris ornatum, mamillis fulvo-rufulis. Sternum albido-luteum, utrinque late nigri-

ARACHNIDA 477

canti-marginatum. Pedes obscure fulvi, femoribus, patellis tibiisque crebre nigro-
punctatis, metatarsis tarsisque apice leviter et sensim infuscatis, aculeis debilibus
armati, metatarsis anticis aculeis basilaribus et submediis munitis sed apicalibus caren-
tibus. Pedes-maxillares lutei, apice fusci ; patella parva nodosa supra seta longissima
et erecta munita ; tibia brevi et transversa, intus prominula et longe setifera ; tarso
longe lacinioso, supra ad basin processu magno, intus obtuse conico et rufulo, extus
nigro, transversim cariniformi et bisinuoso ; bulbo maximo, supra plagula rufula, clypei-
formi semicirculari, tenuissime concentrice striata, ad apicem lamina styliformi nigra,
valde plicata munita.

Hab. Forma typica ; Lanai, Koele. — Hawaii ; Kau, Kona. — Oahu, Waianae
Mts. — Maui, Haleakala.

Var. a. avara kauaiensis, subsp. nov.

Abdomen supra nigrum, antice vitta transversa lata saepe flexuoso-dentata, dein
maculis octo, transversim biseriatis, quatuor anticis majoribus ovatis et saepe dentatis,
albo-cereolis, supra decoratum.

Hab. Kauai Mts.

Espece decrite des Sandwich par Thorell qui I'indique egalement d'Australie a
Sydney (St. Rag. Mai., t. iii. p. 69) et de Californie, retrouv^e depuis dans I'Arizona
et le Texas (McCook).

Nous avons decrit son cocon ovigere qui ressemble a celui de XA. bruennichi
Scopoli, d'Europe (Zool. Jahrb. 1899, p. 416).

C'est probablement de cette espece dont le D' Karsch parle sous le nom d'Argiope
aenmla Walck. (Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Mai 1880, p. ']^).

Cyclosa Menge.

Le genre Cyclosa est represente aux lies Sandwich par deux especes tres re-
pandues dans I'ancien et le nouveau monde, C. oculata et hcrbinata Walck., par
une espece C. albisternis E. Sim. que nous connaissions deja des lies Andamans et de
I'lnde et par cinq especes qui paraissent speciales. C. perkinsi, simplicicaiida et
xanthomelas E. Sim. sont voisins des precedents et de forme normale, mais le dernier,
C. xanthomelas, offre un style de coloration tres special.

Les deux autres C. olorina et cucurbitula E. Simon, rentrent dans le groupe du
C. micula Thorell, caracterise par un abdomen brievement ovalaire ou globuleux
(cf. Hist. Nat. Ar. t. i. p. 780).

62 — 2

478 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Cyclosa oculata Walckenaer.

Aranea oculata Walckenaer, Fn. Par. ii. 1802, p. 428.

Epeira oculata Walckenaer, Apt. 11. 1841, p. 145.

Cyclosa oculata E. Simon, Ar. Fr. i. 1874, p. 41.

(?) Epeira Walckenaeri Keyserling, Sp. Amer. Epeirldae, 1892, p. 98, tab. v. f. 85.

(?) Cyclosa Walckenaeri McCook, Amer. Spid. etc. in. p. 226, tab. xvii. f. i.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Espece probablement introduite, dont I'habitat est fort etendu, car elle se trouve
en France surtout dans les Jardins (ou elle a sans doute aussi ete introduite), dans
I'Afrique australe, au Natal, et au Cap, dans le sud des Etats-Unis (MacCook), au
Guatemala ; je I'ai recue aussi de la Jamaique et de St Domingue, et je I'ai trouvee
au Venezuela.

(2) Cyclosa turbinata Walckenaer.

Epeira turbinata Walck., Apt. 11. 1841, p. 140.

Epeira caudata Hentz, J. Bost. S. vi. 1850, p. 23.

Cyclosa turbinata McCook, Amer. Spiders etc. iii. 1893, P- 224, tab. xvii. f.

5-6.
Epeira strangulata L. Koch, Ar. Austr. i. p. 118, tab. ix. f. 6.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Maui, Haleakala. — Kauai ; Waimea, Koholuamano.

Cette espece a, comme la precedente, un habitat tres vaste : elle est repandue
en Malaisie (Sumatra), aux lies Viti (L. Koch), en Nouvelle-Caledonie et dans I'Ameri-
que du Nord, du Canada a la California et a la Floride.

Epeira camelodes Thorell (d'Amboine) en est peut-etre aussi synonyme (?).

(3) Cyclosa albisternis E. Simon.

C. albisternis E. Simon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., lvii. 1887, p. i. No. 3 (188S)
p. 285.

Hab. Kauai.

Tout a fait semblable au type des lies Andamans ; I'espece existe aussi dans le
sud de rinde.

ARACHNIDA 479

(4) Cyclosa perkinsi, sp. nov.

?. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax niger et nitidus, parte cephalica parce albo-
setosa, parte thoracica late ovata convexa, cephalica abrupte angustiore, postice sulco
profundo leviter procurvo discreta. Oculi ordinarii. Abdomen oblongum, antice altum
et tuberculis obtusis binis munitum, postice leviter attenuatum et declive sed apice
truncatum et obtusissime trilobatum, supra plerumque cinereo-testaceum, nigro-
punctatum et reticulatum, pone tubera punctis nigris densioribus vittas duas confusas
designantibus, subtus utrinque late albido-plagiatum, in medio nigrum maculis albis
quatuor, anticis alteris duplo majoribus subquadratis et inter se transversim late
remotis. Sternum nigrum, in medio dilutius et confuse vittatum. Pedes lutei, fe-
moribus (praesertim anticis) apice late nigricanti-annulatis et subtus in parte basali
annulo multo angustiore notatis, tibiis metatarsisque in medio atque ad apicem fusco-
annulatis, tarsis apice fuscis. Vulva scapo alto transverso olivaceo-nitido, utrinque
obtuso, in medio leviter depresso, atque unco brevi, obtuso et linguiformi, munita.

Var. Abdomen supra albido-opacum, utrinque et antice, in declivitate, leviter
nigro-reticulatum.

A Cyclosa turbinata W., cui valde affinis est, differt imprimis abdomine postice
baud turbinato sed obtusissime trilobato, subtus maculis albis quatuor notato sed
macula alba anteriore carente ; a C. ociilata W. differt coxis luteis, sterno in medio
subvittato sed ad marginem baud maculato, maculis albis ventralibus majoribus etc.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau.

(5) Cyclosa siiiiplicicauda, sp. nov.

?. Long. 8 — 12 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-olivaceus, laevis, parce albido-

setosus, parte cephalica saepe antice leviter fusco-reticulata et postice plerumque lineis
exilibus fuscis binis convergentibus notata, thoracica saepe utrinque et postice sensim
infuscata, parte thoracica ovata, leviter convexa, impressione media, antice truncata,
munita, cephalica abrupte angustiore, sat longa et convexa, sulco profundo semi-
circulari discreta. Oculi quatuor medii aream paulo longiorem quam latiorem et antice
quam postice latiorem occupantes, postici anticis minores, spatio oculo plus duplo an-
gustiore a sese distantes. Oculi laterales utrinque aequi et contigui, a mediis late
distantes. Abdomen longe oblongum, plus duplo longius quam kitius, antice breviter
attenuatum et obtusum, postice, pone mamillas, sat longe productum, sensim attenuatum
sed obtusum fere ut in C conica, interdum postice haud attenuatum et obtusissime
truncatum, supra albido-testaceum, breviter sericeo-pubescens, vitta media cinerea
latissima, antice inordinate et minute nigro-punctata, postice utrinque linea nigra,

48o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

valde flexuoso-dentata marginata, et punctos albos biseriatos saepe includente, no-
tatum, utrinque, in declivitate, nigricanti-reticulatum, rarius nigrum albido-vittatum et
maculatum, subtus regione ventrali atra utrinque vitta albida recta, marginata. Chelae
fulvo-nitidae, antice ad basin confuse infuscatae. Partes oris nigrae vel fuscae, late
testaceo-marginatae. Sternum inaequale, luteo-olivaceum vel albidum et fulvo-
reticulatum, saepe in medio infuscatum et confuse plagiatum sed linea media dilutiore
sectum. Pedes lutei, sat longe et fere aequaliter setosi, femoribus ad apicem (anticis
late posticis, anguste) infuscatis et sex posticis annulo subbasilari obliquo et angusto
fusco notatis, tibiis metatarsisque annulo medio parvo saepe obsoleto annuloque
apicali fuscis notatis, tarsis apice fuscis, femoribis anticis pluriaculeatis, patellis aculeo
exteriore munitis, tibiis intus, prope medium, aculeis binis prope apicem aculeis
plurimis minoribus, armatis, metatarsis muticis. Tuberculum vulvae ovato-transversum,
olivaceum et nitidum, postice plagula magna cordiformi, ad marginem anticum utrinque
lobo parvo nigro foveolato, atque in medio unco gracili et recto, sat longo, fulvo,
apice rufulo et nitido munitum.

Hab. Hawaii. — Molokai. — Oahu. — Maui. — Lanai.

A Cyclosa albisterni E. Sim., cui praesertim affinis est, differt abdomine antice
haud tuberculato postice simpliciter turbinato.
Plate XVI. fig. 4.

Var. Cyclosa simplicicaiida rufescens.

%. Long. 6 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-testaceus parce et longe albido-pilosus.
Abdomen fere parallelum, antice rotundum, postice haud vel vix attenuatum, parum
productum et obtuse truncatum, supra fulvum vel rufescens, vitta foliiformi latissima
cinerea, antice evanescente, postice tenuiter et flexuose nigro-marginata plerumque
ornatum, interdum supra late nigricans, fulvo-testaceo-marginatum et punctatum, subtus
vitta atra lata, in medio leviter coarctata et albido-marginata notatum. Sternum
nigrum, interdum rufescens et antice confuse infuscatum.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Molokai.

(6) Cyclosa xanthomelas, sp. nov.

%. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-nitidus, parte thoracica late ovata,
convexa, fovea media obtuse triquetra profunde impressa, parte cephalica abrupte
angustiore, angusta et convexa, sulco semicirculari profundo discreta. Oculi quatuor
medii aream antice quam postice multo latiorem occupantes, postici a sese spatio
oculo plus triplo angustiore distantes, antici posticis paulo majores. Oculi late-

ARACHNIDA 481

rales a mediis sat distantes, utrinque contigui et leviter prominuli, anticus postico
major. Abdomen oblongum, antice rotundum, postice, ultra mamillas, productum,
leviter attenuatum sed obtusum (fere ut in C. conica Pallas), nigrum, breviter et
parce pilosum et utrinque macula fulva maxima subtriquetra et leviter dentata
ornatum. Chelae nitidae, ad basin fuscae vel nigrae, ad apicem fulvae. Partes oris
nigrae, intus late luteo-marginatae. Sternum nigrum. Pedes sat longi, sat longe
setosi, nigri, tibiis ad basin anguste luteo-annulatis, metatarsis tarsisque cunctis pallide
luteis, metatarsis 4' paris ad apicem et saepe in medio minute fuscis, tibiis anticis
aculeis setiformibus paucis munitis, sed metatarsis muticis. Pedes-maxillares lutei,
femore ad apicem patellaque nigris vel fuscis. Vulvae scapum ovato-transversum
fusco-nitidum, uncus rectus sat gracilis, niger sed apice leviter ampliatus et rufulus,
marginem scapi paulo superans.

Plate XVI. fig. 3.

Hab. Molokai Mts.

(7) Cyclosa olorina, sp. nov.

$. Long. 3 "5 mm. Cephalothorax atro-olivaceus, nitidus, parte thoracica sat late
ovata, convexa, fovea triquetra impressa, parte cephalica abrupte angustiore, sat
lata, convexa, sulco semicirculari profundo postice discreta. Area oculorum quatuor
mediorum paulo longior quam antice latior et multo latior antice quam postice,
medii postici spatio oculo paulo angustiore a sese distantes. Oculi laterales utrinque
contigui, a mediis sat remoti. Abdomen breviter ovatum vel subrotundum (fere
Aranei cuctirbitini CI.), supra omnino albo-opacum praeterea atrum, in lateribus et
postice inordinate albido-punctatum, subtus antice, pone rimam genitalem, linea trans-
versa, dein utrinque punctis 3 vel 4, lineam longitudinalem designantibus, punctisque
mediis binis albidis, notatum. Chelae fulvae, antice ad basin late fusco-plagiatae.
Partes oris sternumque fusca vel nigricantia, sternum utrinque, ad marginem, maculis
testaceis 2 vel 3 notatum. Pedes breves, sat robusti, pallide lutei, coxis leviter
infuscatis, femoribus subtus, ante medium, annulo nigricanti angusto (in femoribus
4' paris latiore) annuloque apicali latiore olivaceo (saepe in femoribus 4' paris lineato),
tibiis metatarsisque annulo medio angusto annuloque apicali latiore fuscis vel olivaceis,
saepe obsoletis, ornatis. Scapum vulvae ovato-transversum, fuscum et nitidum, utrinque
fovea sinuosa impressum, in medio unco testaceo depresso et obtuso, marginem scapi
paulo superante, munitum.

Plate XVI. fig. 5.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

482 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(8) Cyclosa cucitrbihda, sp. nov.

?. Long. 2 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, pallide luteo-testaceus, parte
thoracica in medio minute et confuse infuscata, parte cephalica brevi et convexa,
sulco profundo semicirculari postice discreta. Area oculorum quatuor mediorum
circiter aeque longa ac antice lata et multo latior antice quam postice, medii postici
spatio oculo paulo angustiore a sese distantes. Oculi laterales utrinque contigui, a
mediis sat remoti. Abdomen breviter ovatum (fere Aranei cuairbitini CI.), supra
omnino albo vel flavido-testaceum tenuiter et parce albo-pilosum, subtus vitta latissima,
mamillas includente, atro-testacea notatum. Partes oris sternumque pallide fusco-
olivacea laevia. Pedes breves, sat robusti, pallide lutei, omnino mutici. Scapum
vulvae ovato-transversum, fuscum et nitidum, incisura media uncoque albo-nitido,
recto, gracili, sed apice leviter incrassato obtuso et marginato, marginem scapi vix
superante, munitum.

Hab. Oahu.

Araneus Clerck.
(i) Araneiis nautictis L. Koch.

Epeira nautica L. Koch, Aegypt. u. Abyss. Arachn. 1875, p. 17, tab. 11, f. 2.
Epeira pullata Thorell, Stud. Rag. Mai. etc. i. 1877, p. 385 (45).

Espece abondamment repandue dans toutes les regions tropicales, en Afrique, en
Asie, Malaisie, et dans I'Amerique du Sud ; sans doute introduite aux lies Sandwich.

Hab. Oahu. — Hawaii.

(2) Araneus evwiae, sp. nov.

%. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax obscure fulvo-rufescens, regione oculari
paulum infuscata, crasse et longe albido-sericeo-pubescens. Area oculorum mediorum
haud vel vix prominula, circiter aeque longa ac antice lata et antice quam postice
multo latior, sed spatio inter posticos oculo vix angustiore, antici posticis majores.
Oculi laterales a mediis late distantes et utrinque angulum frontalem occupantes,
inter se angustissime separati, anticus postico major. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis
vix latior. Abdomen longius quam latius, antice attenuatum et subacuminatum,
postice longius attenuatum atque obtusum, supra cinereo-albidum, parce albido-
crinitum, atrum, antice utrinque linea obliqua, dentata et punctata, postice vitta folii-

ARACHNIDA 483

formi angusta et attenuata, maculas 3 vel 4 includente, nigris ornatum, subtus regione
ventrali atra, utrinque linea longitudinal!, postice leviter ampliata et incurva, et se-
cundum mamillas maculis parvis binis albis, decoratum. Chelae fuscae, apice rufes-
centes, albido-crinitae, margine superiore sulci dentibus quatuor, 3° reliquis majore,
inferiore dentibus trinis subaequis et contiguis armatis. Partes oris fuscae, late
testaceo-marginatae. Sternum fuscum plerumque antice paululum dilutius. Pedes,
praesertim antici, longi, aculeis numerosis albidis subpellucentibus sed ad radicem
minute fuscis, instructi, fulvi, sericeo-pubescentes, femoribus anticis apicem versus
sensim infuscatis, posticis apice fusco vel nigricanti-annulatis, patellis tibiisque plus
minus fusco-variatis, metatarsis tarsisque plerumque concoloribus, interdum valde
nigricanti-annulatis. Vulva scapo parvo fere obtecto, postice (sub unco) plagula
olivacea trapezoidali munito, unco testaceo transversim rugato, ad basin lato con-
vexo et subtriquetro, ad apicem abrupte angustiore gracili et recto, munita.

Plate XVI. fig. 6.

Pictura abdominalis valde variabilis :

Varietas. A. Abdomine supra omnino fusco.

B. Abdomine fusco, linea alba subintegra longitudinaliter secto.

C. Abdomine fusco-cervino, antice macula media longitudinali ovata, maculis
binis ovatis et obliquis cruciata, albo-opacis, postice vitta foliiformi parum expressa
sed punctis nigris biseriatis notata, supra ornato.

D. Abdomine supra nigro, in parte basali macula maxima transversa albido-
testacea obtecto.

E. Abdomine nigro, antice macula apicali, postice maculis seriatis 2 vel 3
albo-opacis supra decorato. Pedibus valde et late nigro-annulatis (Hawaii, Olaa).

Hab. Hau^aii ; Kau, Olaa. — Molokai. — Lanai, Koele Mts. — Kauai, Waimea Mts.

(3) Araneus kapio/aniae, sp. nov.

$. Lono-. 15 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, parte cephalica fusca vel
nio-ricanti, crasse sed breviter fulvo-crinitus. Area oculorum mediorum valde pro-
minula, vix longior quam antice latior et antice quam postice multo latior, sed
spatio inter posticos oculo baud latiore, antici posticis multo majores. Oculi laterales
a mediis late distantes et utrinque angulum frontalem occupantes, inter se evidenter
separati, anticus postico major. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis baud latior. Abdomen
longius quam latius, antice breviter attenuatum et obtusum, postice longius et sensim
attenuatum, supra cinereo-virescens, leviter fusco nigrove vermiculatum, antice in

V. H. II. ^3

484 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

declivitate oblique nigro-marginatum, dein transversim dilutius, dein maculis trans-
versis nigerrimis albo-limbatis, series duas (5 — 5), postice convergentes, desig-
nantibus, anticis obliquis, reliquis recte transversis, ornatum, in lateribus valde
nigricanti-reticulatum, subtus regione ventrali atra, utrinque vitta lutea, postice
ampliata et incurva, marginata. Chelae nigrae, apice rufulae, parce sed valde fulvo-
crinitae. Partes oris nigrae, intus luteo-marginatae. Sternum nigrum. Pedes,
praesertim antici, longi, aculeis fulvis, intus in tibiis et metatarsis anticis numerosis
brevibus et validioribus, armati, femoribus quatuor anticis fusco-rufulis, quatuor posticis
nigricantibus, cunctis ad basin luteis, patellis fulvo-rufulis fusco-variatis, tibiis fusco-
rufulis, annulo subbasilari annuloque subapicali angustis fulvis, metatarsis tarsisque
nigricantibus, metatarsis annulis angustis binis, tarsis (3° excepto) annulo parvo
subbasilari fulvis, notatis. Vulva scapo late ovato subrotundo, fulvo sed utrinque
fusco-notato, unco testaceo longo, usque ad basin sat gracili, recto et supra trans-
versim rugato, munita.

Plate XVI. fig. 7.

Hab. Hawaii, Hilo.

Fam. THOMISIDAE.

Subfam. MISUMENINAE.

MisuMENA Latreille.

Ce genre est represente aux lies Sandwich par un certain nombre d'especes qui
peuvent se rapporter a trois groupes ou sections.

Sectio i"" i^Mistimena oreadcs E. Sim.).

Les caracteres du Misumeua oreades sont ambigus ; cette espece se rapproche en
effet des Pistms par son front etroit, son groupe oculaire median un peu plus long
que large et plus etroit en avant qu'en arriere ; d'un autre cote cependant elle se
rattache au genre Misumeua par ses tubercules oculaires tres obtus, non saillants au
dessus de I'oeil lateral posterieur, par son aire oculaire plane, ses teguments lisses,
son abdomen ovale, ni anguleux ni tronque.

Elle est en outre remarquable par son cephalothorax longuement attenue en
avant et par son bandeau un peu proclive.

ARACHNIDA 48 =

(i) iMisinuena oreades, sp. nov.

?. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax paulo longior quam latior, antice attenuatus,
fronte sat angusta, laevis, glaber, luteo-testaceus, area oculorum semilunari albo-opaca.
Oculorum lineae binae fere aequaliter recurvae. Ociili quatuor antici inter se fere
aequidistantes, medii lateralibus saltem \ minores, quatuor postici inter se aequales,
medii a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior
quam postice latior et antice quam postice evidenter angustior. Abdomen sat longe
oblongum, postice leviter ampliatum, omnino albido-testaceum. Chelae, partes oris
sternum pedesque luteo-testacea. Pedes quatuor antici reliquis multo longiores et
robustiores, tibiis aculeis pellucentibus sat brevibus sed inter se iniquis, basin
articulo baud attingentibus, 4 — 5 vel 3 — 4, metatarsis aculeis, paulo longioribus, 5 — 6
vel 4 — 5, subtus instructis, sed aculeis lateralibus carentibus.

Hab. Hawaii, Kea Mts. — Oahu, Wainae. — Molokai.

Sectio 2^ [illistiniena nesiotcs E. Simon).

Le Misnmena nesiotcs E. Simon, fait presque le passage des Misumeiia aux
Diaea ; sa premiere ligne oculaire est un peu plus recurvee que la seconde, comme
celle des Misuniena tyj^iques, mais avec les yeux lateraux visiblement plus gros que
les medians, de chaque cote son tubercule oculaire oblique est marque, entre les yeux,
d'une legere depression.

(2) Misumena nesiotes E. Simon.

M. nesiotes E. Simon, in Zool. Jahrb. xii. 1899, p. 416.

%. Long. 7 mm. Cephalothorax subtilissime coriaceus, setis longis paucis seriatis
conspersus, fulvo-rufescens, utrinque valde nigro-variegatus et reticulatus et postice
macula nigra oblique notatus (parte fulva vittam latam et parallelam designante),
tuberibus ocularibus albo-opacis. Oculi antici inter se fere aequidistantes, laterales
mediis vix majores. Oculi postici in lineam latiorem, fere aequaliter recurvam,
parvi et aequi, medii a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi quatuor
medii parvi et aequales, aream subquadratam, postice quam antice vix latiorem,
occupantes. Abdomen vix longius quam latius, postice ampliatum et obtusum,
fulvo-testaceum, nigro-plagiatum, supra antice macula parva, dein maculis binis den-
tatis, postice arcubus transversis, utrinque latis in medio tenuibus, subtus postice
lineis fuscis binis punctatis et subgeminatis, parum distinctis, notatum. Sternum
fulvum, parce nigro-setosum. Pedes quatuor antici reliquis multo longiores, obscure

63—2

486 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

fulvi, (tarsis exceptis) crebre fusco-punctati, femoribus subtus fere nigris, tibiis sub-
annulatis. Pedes quatuor postici lutei. Tibiae quatuor anticae aculeis mediocribus
fusco-pellucentibus 6 — 4, metatarsi aculeis similibus 5 — 4 subtus instructi, sed aculeis
lateralibus carentes. Vulva tuberculo fulvo parvo obtuso et subrotundo, postice
excavate, munita.

Var. Cephalothorax utrinque fulvo-rufulo baud nigro variegatus et punctatus.
Abdomen albido-testaceum, postice punctis nigris grossis, maculas binas transversas
confusas designantibus, notatum. Pedes fere omnino lutei, antici vix distincte
fulvo-punctati.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Molokai.

Sectio 3^ {Alisiimeiia afiguliventris E. Simon).

Les especes de ce groupe se font remarquer par leurs yeux anterieurs a-peu-pres
equidistants avec les lateraux plus gros que les medians, leur aire oculaire mediane
environ aussi large que longue et plus etroite en avant qu'en arriere, enfin par
leurs tubercules oculaires tres obtus mais saillants et, de chaque cote, un peu
deprimes entre les yeux.

Leur abdomen est, le plus souvent, fortement elargi et tronque en arriere
comme celui des Thomisus ; les teguments de leur cephalothorax sont finement cha-
grines comme ceux des Xysticus.

(3) Misuniena nigrofrcnata, sp. nov.

%. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax sublaevis, setis validis nigris paucis seriatis
munitus, albo-opacus plus minusve pallide olivaceo-variatus, regione clypei intense
nigra, regione thoracica postice sinuoso nigricanti-marginata. Oculi quatuor antici
in lineam valde recurvam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii lateralibus paulo minores.
Oculi quatuor postici parvi aequi, inter se fere aequidistantes. Area oculorum quatuor
mediorum multo latior postice quam antice et circiter aeque longa ac postice lata.
Abdomen breviter ovatum, postice ampliatum et obtusum, supra albo-opacum, in
parte apicali maculis binis, inter se appropinquatis, valde biangulosis et litteram Z
fere designantibus, et utrinque macula marginali majore, acute excisa, nigris deco-
ratum, subtus nigrum. Chelae antice albae, nigro-maculatae et marginatae, interdum
nigrae apice testaceae, opacae, setis spiniformibus paucis munitae. Partes oris,
sternum, coxae, trochanteresque nigra, laevia. Pedes albi, femoribus ad basin atque
ad apicem minute nigro-notatis (subtus baud lineatis), tibiis quatuor anticis ad basin
anguste ad apicem latissime nigris, metatarsis tarsisque ad apicem late nigris, tibiis

ARACHNIDA 487

metatarsis tarsisque quatuor posticis ad apicem nigro-annulatis ; tibiis quatuor anticis
subtus in parte apicali aculeo exteriore unico, aculeis interioribus longioribus trinis,
metatarsis aculeis 4 — 5 instructis. Pedes quatuor postici fere mutici. Pedes-maxil-
lares nigri, tarso ad basin albo.

Plate XVII. fig. I.

Hab. Oahu, Mountains 2000 f., Kohol.

Var. Chelae antice nigrae. Abdomen macula anteriore parva subquadrata,
maculis binis posticis, a sese confluentibus et vittam transversam, utrinque profunde
et acute bifidam formantibus, supra ornatum.

Hab. Kauai ; Waimea, Halemanu.

Var. Chelae antice nigrae. Cephalothorax supra albus, vittis duabus nigris,
valde laciniosis, notatus. Abdomen praecedentis. Femora antica, praesertim subtus,
valde nigro-variata et guttulata.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau.

(4) Misumena crefacea, sp. nov.

$. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax sublaevis, setis validis nigris paucis seriatis
munitus, albido-opacus, leviter olivaceo-tinctus, tuberibus oculorum lineaque media
frontali albidioribus, regione clypei fusco-rufulo-variata. Oculi fere praecedentis, sed
laterales antici mediis saltern duplo majores. Abdomen breviter ovatum, postice
ampliatum et obtusum, supra albido-opacum, antice utrinque, in declivitate, nigricanti-
marginatum, subtus utrinque nigro-punctatum, in medio late nigrum. Chelae testaceae,
fusco-maculatae, setis spiniformibus paucis armatae. Partes oris, sternum, coxae
trochanteresque nigricantia, laevia. Pedes albidi, femoribus ad basin atque ad apicem
minute nigro-notatis et subtus linea exili nigra ornatis, tibiis metatarsis tarsisque ad
apicem late infuscatis et nigro-punctatis et tibiis (in parte fusca) subtus nigro-lineatis ;
tibiis anticis subtus, in parte apicali, aculeis nigris sat brevibus i — 2, metatarsis
aculeis inferioribus, paulo longioribus 3 — 3, et utrinque, ad apicem, aculeo laterali
minore, munitis. Pedes quatuor postici parcissime aculeati. Pedes-maxillares lutei,
parce nigricanti-variati.

Var. Cephalothorax vittis binis fuscis punctatis et dentatis notatus. Abdomen
antice testaceo-cinereum et nigro-punctatum, postice albidum, macula media magna
nigro-marginata, postice truncata, utrinque valde et acute bidentata, supra notatum.
Femora antica valde nigricanti-punctata et maculata et subtus nigro-lineata.

Hab. Molokai, Koele.

488 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Misume7ta anguliventris , sp. nov.

%. Long. 6 — 7 mm. Cephalothora.x subtilissime coriaceus, parce et longe nigro-
crinitus, obscure fuscus, prope marginem saepe fulvo-variatus, vitta media latissima
fulva postice attenuata et truncata, lineam mediam saepe antice bifidam et utrinque
lineolam abbreviatam fuscas includente notatus, regione clypei nigra. Oculi antici
inter se fere aequidistantes, medii lateralibus saltem duplo minores. Oculi postici
parvi, inter se aequales et fere aequidistantes. Area oculorum mediorum circiter
aeque longa ac postice lata et antice quam postice vix angustior. Clypeus latus.
Abdomen antice rotundum, postice valde ampliatum et utrinque obtuse angulosum,
fere Thomisi, supra fuscum vel nigricans, vitta fulva laciniosa marginatum. Chelae
nigrae, apice dilutiores et rufulae. Partes oris sternum coxaeque fusco-castanea seu
nigra. Pedes quatuor antici fusco-rufuli, femoribus subtus et in lateribus nigricanti
variatis et guttulatis atque in medio nigro-lineatis, patellis, tibiis metatarsisque prope
basin fulvo-annulatis. Pedes quatuor postici fulvi, femoribus ad apicem fusco-
annulatis. Tibiae anticae aculeis 4 — 5 vel 5 — 6, metatarsi aculeis 6 — 7 vel 7 — 7
subtus muniti sed aculeis lateralibus carentes. Pedes postici parce et debiliter
aculeati. Fovea genitalis parum profunda, antice posticeque margine tenui et recto
discreta.

t. Long. 4 mm. Abdomen minus, ovatum, antice truncatum, fuscum albido-
guttulatum, interdum utrinque albidum et macula media maxima nigra trapeziformi
notatum. Pedes quatuor antici multo longiores, femoribus fuscis, nigro-variegatis,
patellis tibiis metatarsisque nigricantibus vel fuscis annulo medio lato albido ornatis.
Pedes postici lutei, femoribus ad apicem, tibiis ad basin atque ad apicem fusco-
annulatis. Tibiae metatarsique antici aculeis inferioribus longioribus, aculeis latera-
libus atque in tibiis aculeis dorsalibus armati. Pedes-maxillares fusci, fulvo-variati,
tibia patella breviore et angustiore subtus apophysi apicali parva subacuta, extus
apophysi multo majore, antice, secundum tarsum, directa, valde compressa fere
lamellosa, leviter sinuosa (superne excavata, inferne convexa), atque ad angulum
superiorem abrupte aciculata, armata, tarso mediocri, ovato, bulbo parvo, ovato,
simplici.

Plate XVIL fig. 11.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kau, Kona, Kilauea. — Oahu ; Wainae, Kaala. — Maui, Halea-
kala. — Kauai.

Var. Cephalothorax abdomenque fusca, regione oculari dilutiore. Hawaii.

Var, Cephalothorax fere omnino fulvo-albidus, utrinque leviter fusco-reticulatus.
Abdomen supra late albidum, plerumque fusco-marginatum et postice transversim
fusco-reticulatum .

ARACHNIDA 489

Var. Abdomen fulvum, postice in declivitate, vittis transversis fuscis confusis
notatum. Pedes fulvi, femoribus subtus ad apicem infuscatis. Hawaii, Kauai.

Var. Abdomen rubro-castaneum, valde albo-opaco-variegatum et reticulatum.
Pedes quatuor antici rubro-castanei, femoribus supra leviter albido-variegatis, tibiis
annulo medio lato albo notatis. Kauai.

(6) Mismnena velaia, sp. nov.

?. Long. 4 — 5 mm. Praecedenti valde affinis et sulDsimilis. Cephalothorax
fusco-nigricans, vitta media lata dilutiore, antice confusa et infuscata sed linea media
exillima albida, oculos baud attingente, secta, postice late albida et leviter dentata.
Abdomen supra fuscum et nigro-punctatum, utrinque nigrum, postice, in declivitate,
albidum, antice maculis binis subrotundis, utrinque maculis similibus binis albis,
ornatum, subtus atrum utrinque leviter dilutius. Chelae antice fuscae fulvo-variatae,
setis validis paucis munitae. Partes oris sternumque nigro-olivacea, sternum in medio
paulo dilutius. Coxae olivaceae. Pedes quatuor antici obscure fulvo-rufuli, crebre
et grosse nigro-punctati, femoribus subtus nigro-lineatis, tibiis in medio dilutioribus
parcius punctatis, metatarsis tarsisque annulo medio albido notatis. Pedes quatuor
postici lutei, anguste nigro-annulati. Tibiae anticae aculeis inferioribus sat longis
subpellucentibus i (vel 2) — 3, metatarsi aculeis inferioribus similibus 3 — 4 aculeoque
laterali apicali minore, armati. Plaga genitalis plus duplo latior quam longior, fusco-
nitida, utrinque valde attenuata et obtuse triquetra, apice minute foveolata.

$. Long. 3 — 5 mm. Abdomen utrinque et postice albidum, macula dorsali
maxima nigra trapeziformi ornatum. Pedes-maxillares obscure fulvi, tibia nigricanti,
tibia patella breviore et angustiore, subtus apophysi apicali minutissima, extus
apophysi multo majore antice, secundum tarsum, directa, compressa, apice profunde
et inaequaliter fissa : ramulo superiore gracillimo acuto et subrecto, inferiore leviter
divaricato fulvo et obtuso, armata, tarso mediocri, ovato, bulbo parvo, simplici.

Plate XVH. fig. 12.

Hab. Molokai, Koele.

Var. B. Cephalothorax niger, vitta media lata, oculos haud attingente, antice
fusco-rufula et linea media exili obscuriore secta, postice .sensim dilutiore lutea et
maculis parvis binis geminatis fuscis notata, ornatus. Abdomen supra luteo-fulvum,
crebre fusco-punctatum, macula maxima trapeziformi obscuriore postice truncata et
utrinque nigro-bidentata notatum. Pedes quatuor antici obscure fulvo-rufuli, cre-
berrime nigro-punctati, patellis supra, tibiis metatarsisque in medio paulo dilutioribus
et confuse annulatis, tarsis fusco-rufulis ad basin atque ad apicem luteis.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

490 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Var. C. Cephalothorax atro-olivaceus, leviter testaceo-variatus, vitta lata dilu-
tiore, antice fusco-variata et pone oculos lineata, postice maculam albidam V-magnum
designantem, notatus. Abdomen supra albidum, macula magna nigra triquetra, antice
acuta, postice valde et sensim ampliata, truncata et plerumque utrinque bidentata,
ornatum. Pedes pallide lutei, femoribus anticis subtus confuse olivaceo-punctatis et
parum distincte fusco-lineatis, tibiis ad apicem, metatarsis, ad basin atque ad apicem,
tarsisque in medio late nigro-annulatis.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

DiAEA Thorell.
Synopsis specierum.

Femora quatuor antica subtus linea exillima nigra notata insulana.

Femora baud lineata vitellina.

Diaea insulana Keyserling.

D. insulana Keyserling, in L. Koch, Ar. Austr. ii. 1889, p. 261, tab. xxiv. figs. 3 — 4.

$. Long. 4 — 5 mm. Cephalothorax laevis, setis tenuibus paucis seriatis munitus,
luteo-rufescens, utrinque et postice late fulvo fuscove marginatus, tuberibus ocu-
laribus albido-cinereis opacis, clypeo saepe tenuiter nigro-marginato. Oculi antici
in lineam leviter recurvam, medii lateralibus plus duplo minores, a sese quam a late-
ralibus vix remotiores. Oculi postici in lineam multo latiorem, magis recurvam,
inter se subaequales, medii a lateralibus quam inter se evidenter remotiores. Area
quatuor mediorum circiter aeque longa ac postice lata et antice quam postice paulo
angustior, antici posticis paulo majores. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis haud triplo
latior. Abdomen oblongum, postice ampliatum et obtusum, pallide fulvo-testaceum,
praesertim ad marginem albido-reticulatum, parcissime et minute fusco-punctatuin et
plerumque postice tenuiter transversim albo-striatum, subtus nigricanti-marginatum et
macula ventrali magna trapeziformi nigricanti notatum. Chelae, sternum pedesque
pallide fulva, pars labialis leviter infuscata. Pedes quatuor antici reliquis multo
longiores et robustiores, femoribus subtus linea exili intense nigra semjDer ornatis,
antice aculeis parvis quatuor, supra aculeis similibus binis, tibiis aculeis nigris
tenuibus et sat longis 2 — 2 (rarius 3 — 3), metatarsis aculeis 3 — 4 vel 4 — 5 (api-
calibus minoribus) subtus armatis, sed aculeis lateralibus carentibus. Pedes quatuor
postici minute et parce aculeati. Area genitalis antice foveola testacea transversa,
tenuiter marginata et carinam latam convexam et cordiformem includente, impressa,
postice plagula nigra convexa, obtuse triquetra nigra, munita.

ARACHNIDA 491

$. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax utrinque plerumque obscurior. Abdomen
minus, sat anguste oblongum, supra albidum, crebre nigro-punctatum, in medio late
nigricans et postice tenuiter transversim albo-striatum. Pedes quatuor antici multo
longiores et apice graciliores, femoribus subtus plus minus distincte nigro-lineatis.
Pedes-maxillares mediocres, obscure fulvi, tarso, praesertim ad basin, infuscato, tibia
patella breviore et paulb angustiore, subtus ad apicem apophysi parva subrotunda,
extus apophysi multo longiore antice, secundum tarsum, directa, apice leviter ampliata,
rotunda sed supra calcare acuto, leviter curvato instructa, tarso ovato, bulbo simplici,
rotundo, disciformi, stylo circumdato.

Plate XVII. fig. 13.

Hab. Hawaii. — Molokai. — Maui. — Kauai.

Var. B. Abdomen in medio parce nigro-punctatum, pone medium macula
transversa nigra, utrinque valde bidentata et plerumque transversim albido-striata,

notatum.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona.

Var. C. Abdomen fere praecedentis sed macula dorsali majore. Femora i'
paris antice punctis nigris paucis notata. Tibiae quatuor anticae nigricanti-biannulatae.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona, Mauna Kea.

Var. D. Abdomen fere praecedentis sed obscurius. Cephalothorax regione
frontali obscuriore et utrinque vitta fusca valde dentato-laciniosa, marginem haud
attingente, notatus. Pedum quatuor anticorum femora, tibiae metatarsique grosse et
inordinate nigro-punctata.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona, Kau, Olea.

Var. E. Abdomen obscure fulvum, macula nigra magna, marginem anticum fere
attingente, postice medium paulo superante, sensim ampliata, truncata et utrinque
bidentata, supra ornatum. Pedum anticorum femora infuscata, subtus nigricanti-
vittata, tibiae nigricanti-biannulatae.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona, Kau. — Molokai.

Cette espece, abondamment repandue dans tout I'archipel, est tres variable comme
coloration, au point qu'il est difficile de rencontrer deux individus exactement sem-
blables. Keyserling a figure une forme tres pale.

(2) Diaea vitellina, sp. nov.

?. Long. 2 "5 — 3 mm. Cephalothorax laevis, .setis tenuibus paucis seriatis

munitus, fulvo-rufescens, parte cephalica, praesertim postice, dilutiore, area oculorum

albo-opaca. Oculi antici in lineam vix recurvam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii

lateralibus plus triplo minores. Oculi postici in lineam recurvam multo latiorem,

F. H. II. 64

492 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

inter se subaequales, medii a lateralibus quam inter se evidenter remotiores. Oculi
medii aequi, aream vix longiorem quam postice latiorem et antice quam postice vix
angustiorem occupantes. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis plus quintuple latior. Abdomen
sat longe oblongum, pallide luteum, in parte prima vitta reticulata, marginem anticum
baud attingente, in parte altera maculis transversis brevibus quinque uniseriatis nigris,
supra ornatum. Chelae, sternum pedesque luteo-rufescentia. Pedes quatuor antici
reliquis multo longiores, tibiis aculeis sat longis pellucentibus 2 — 2, metatarsis i' paris
aculeis similibus 3 — 3 (apicalibus minoribus), metatarsis 2' paris aculeis 3 — 4 subtus
armatis.

^. Long. 2 '5 mm. A femina differt cephalothorace utrinque, prope marginem,
aculeis parvis nigris paucis consperso, pedibus anticis multo longioribus, apice
gracilioribus, femoribus patellisque usque ad basin, tibiisque ad apicem rufulo-tinctis.
Pedes-maxillares parvi, fulvo-rufuli, tibia patella breviore, subtus ad apicem apophysi
parva obtusa, extus apophysi multo longiore, antice secundum tarsum directa, com-
pressa, apicem versus leviter attenuata sed obtusissime truncata cum angulo inferiore
rotundo, superiore calcare parvo et acuto instructo, tarso ovato, bulbo simplici rotundo-
discoidali, stylo circumdato.

Plate XVII. fig. 14.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau. — Oahu, Waimea.

Synaema E. Simon.

Le genre Synaema est represente par un groupe d'especes remarquables par
leur bandeau etroit, ayant rarement plus de deux fois le diametre des yeux medians
ant^rieurs, par leur abdomen ovale allonge, leurs metatarses anterieurs, generalement
armes en dessous de plus de deux paires d'epines mais manquant d'epines laterales
sauf les apicales, enfin par leurs pattes des deux paires posterieures mutiques a
I'exception d'une ou de deux tres petites epines inferieures aux tibias et aux metatarses.

Synopsis specierum.

1. Coxae cunctae nigrae. Pedes quatuor postici lutei valde fusco-annulati naevigerum.

Coxae quatuor anticae nigrae, quatuor posticae luteae. Pedes quatuor

postici lutei 2.

2. Tibiae anticae aculeis debilibus 4 — 4 vel 4 — 5, metatarsi aculeis 4 — 5 vel

4 — 6 subtus muniti. Pedes postici omnino lutei dimidiatipes.

Tibiae anticae aculeis 2 — 2 subtus munitae. Metatarsi postici apice anguste

fusco-annulati 3.

3. Metatarsi antici aculeis 5 — 5 subtus muniti .fronto.

Metatarsi antici aculeis 2 — 2 subtus muniti impotens.

ARACHNIDA 493

(i) Synaema diniidiatipes, sp. nov.

$. Long. 8 — 9 mm. Cephalothorax fere laevis, fusco-castaneus, ad marginem
posticum paulo dilutior. Oculi quatuor antici inter se fere aequldistantes, laterales
mediis saltem duplo majores. Oculi medii postici lateralibus vix minores, a lateralibus
quam inter se paulo remotiores. Clypeus fere laevis, oculis mediis anticis vix duplo
latior. Abdomen longe ovatum, antice obtuse truncatum, nigro-opacum, parce et
minute albo-punctatum, postice maculis albis parvis, valde laciniosis et biseriatis 3 — 3,
interdum maculis majoribus, inter se confluentibus et vittam marginalem valde den-
tatam formantibus supra ornatum, subtus atrum, regione epigasteris dilutiore et rufula.
Chelae latae, antice fere planae, nigro-nitidae, parce et longe nigro-crinitae. Partes
oris, sternum coxaeque quatuor anticae, nigra, laevia. Pedes quatuor antici fusco-
castanei, femoribus patellisque nigricantibus, femoribus anticis, in parte basali, aculeis
longis quatuor uniseriatis munitis, tibiis aculeis inferioribus sat debilibus 4 — 4, in-
terioribus exterioribus longioribus, metatarsis aculeis robustioribus 4 — 5 vel 4 — 6
subtus armatis. Pedes postici omnino lutei, tibiis aculeis debilibus fere setiformibus
I — 2 vel 2 — 2, metatarsis 3' paris aculeis submediis binis, metatarsis 4' paris aculeo
unico subtus munitis. Fovea genitalis testacea, parva, transversa, obtuse triquetra,
nitido-marginata.

Plate XVII. fig. 3.

Hawaii, Kona.

(2) Synaema fronto, sp. nov.

%. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax supra laevis, utrinque in declivitate leviter
coriaceus, nigro-castaneus. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam parum recurvam, medii
inter se quam a lateralibus evidenter remotiores. Oculi quatuor postici inter se fere
aequldistantes. Area oculorum quatuor mediorum fere parallela et multo latior quam
longior. Abdomen longe oblongum, supra atrum, utrinque, praesertim postice, obscure
fulvo-variatum, vitta media lata albo-opaca abbreviata, in medio coarctata, ad apicem
minute dentata, supra ornatum. Chelae, partes oris, sternumque nigra. Pedes
quatuor antici nigro-castanei, tibiis subtus aculeis debilibus 2 — 2, metatarsis aculeis
paulo robustioribus 5—5 subtus armatis. Pedes quatuor postici fulvi, metatarsis apice
minute infuscatis, tibiis metatarsisque aculeis submediis parvis binis subtus munitis.

A praecedenti, cui subsimilis est, differt imprimis area oculorum mediorum fere

parallela et multo latiore quam longiore et tibiis quatuor anticis aculeis 2—2 tantum

armatis.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts.

64-2

494 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(3) Synaema impotens, sp. nov.

?. Long. 5 '5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-castaneus, fere laevis. Oculi medii
antici lateralibus plus duplo majores et inter se quam a lateralibus paulo remotiores.
Oculi postici fere S. dimidiatipedis. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis plus duplo latior.
Abdomen lonee obloneum, nigfrum, ad marginem anticum maculis binis geminatis, in
parte apicali maculis parvis laciniosis triseriatis, decoratum. Chelae, sternum et partes
oris nigro-nitida, chelae antice parce et valde crinitae. Pedes quatuor antici nigri-
cantes, patellis tibiisque supra ad apicem anguste albo-marginatis, femoribus antice
aculeis longis trinis uniseriatis, tibils aculeis 2 — 2 longis et tenuibus, apice setiformibus,
metatarsis aculeis similibus 2 — 2, subtus armatis. Pedes quatuor postici lutei, meta-
tarsis ad apicem anguste fusco-annulatis, tibiis aculeo medio, metatarsis 3' paris aculeo
medio aculeoque apicali, metatarsis 4' paris aculeo medio, subtus munitis.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

(4) Synaema naevigerum, sp. nov.

?. Long. 5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax subtilissime coriaceus, niger, tuberibus ocu-
laribus minute rufulo-notatis. Oculi medii antici lateralibus plus duplo minores, inter
se quam a lateralibus vix remotiores. Oculi postici inter se fere aequidistantes, medii
lateralibus vix minores. Clypeus leviter coriaceo-rugatus, oculis mediis anticis plus
duplo latior. Abdomen longe oblongum, nigro-opacum, antice maculis binis geminatis
utrinque et postice punctis inordinatis, interdum confluentibus et vittam marginalem
dentatam formantibus, albis, supra decoratum. Chelae, partes oris, sternum coxaeque
cunctae nigra et laevia. Pedes quatuor antici nigro-nitidi, patellis tibiisque ad
apicem albo-marginatis, tarsis ad basin anguste rufulis, femoribus antice aculeis
3 vel 4 uniseriatis, tibiis aculeis exterioribus binis, interioribus longioribus 3 vel 4,
metatarsis aculeis paulo robustioribus 3 — 3 subtus armatis. Pedes quatuor postici
lutei, articulis cunctis ad apicem tibiisque ad basin fusco nigrove annulatis, tibiis 3'
paris aculeis debilibus binis, tibiis 4' paris aculeo unico, metatarsis aculeo simili
submedio subtus armatis. Fovea genitalis testacea, parva, ovato transversa, nitido-
marginata.

$. Long. 4 mm. A femina differt abdomine minore, pedibus anticis longioribus,
aculeis tibiarum et metatarsorum tenuibus fere setiformibus. Pedes-maxillares parvi,
fusci ; patella convexa ; tibia patella paulo breviore et angustiore, subtus ad apicem
apophysi nigra minutissima et truncata, extus apophysi longa, antice, secundum tarsum

ARACHNID A ' 495

directa, extiis convexa. apice abrupte angustiore et acutissima ; tarso breviter ovato,
supra convexo ; bulbo simplici, rotundo, discoidali.
Plate XVII. fig. 2.

Var. Abdomen supra nigrum, minute et parum regulariter albo-punctatum et
vitta latissima alba, postice dentata, omnino cinctum (Molokai).

Var. Abdomen nigerrimum, vitta lata albo-opaca, in parte secunda utrinque
valde bilobata et apice acuminata, supra ornatum.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kau, Kona. — Molokai.

Mecaphesa, gen. nov.

Cephalothorax pauIo longior quam latior, parte cephalica antice leviter acclivi
fronte mediocri. Oculi postici inter se subaequales, in lineam valde recurvam, medii
a lateralibus quam inter se evidenter remotiores. Oculi antici in lineam multo angus-
tiorem, fere aequaliter recurvam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii lateralibus saltern
duplo minores. Area quatuor mediorum parallela, paulo longior quam latior. Clypeus
angustus. Tegumenta coriacea, setis simplicibus acutis paucis instructa. Caetera fere
Oxyptilae.

Ab Oxyptila praesertim differt oculorum linea antica postica aequaliter recurva,
ab Heriaeo differt oculorum linea postica multo magis recurva, clypeo angusto,
tegumentis parcius et brevius setosis.

(i) Mecaphesa cincta, sp. nov.

%. (pullus) long. 3 mm. Cephalothorax paulo longior quam latior, utrinque
ample rotundus, antice valde attenuatus, fronte haud declivi sat angusta et truncata,
crebre coriaceus et setis validis paucis seriatis munitus, niger, utrinque parce et vix
distincte rufulo-variegatus. Oculi antici in lineam angustam valde recurvam, medii
lateralibus plus duplo minores, inter se quam a lateralibus vix remotiores. Oculi
postici in lineam latiorem valde (fere aequaliter) recurvam, medii lateralibus vix
minores, a lateralibus quam inter se fere \ remotiores. Oculi medii inter se aequi,
aream parallelam, longiorem quam latiorem, occupantes. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis
vix duplo latior, ad marginem setis spiniformibus fulvis uniseriatis instructus. Ab-
domen antice rotundum, postice valde ampliatum et obtuse truncatum, supra atrum,
postice in declivitate transversim fulvo-striatum, vitta marginali lata albida dentata
et parce nigro-punctata omnino cinctum, subtus fulvo-testaceum. Chelae nigrae,
apice luteae, subtiliter coriaceae et parce crinitae. Partes oris sternumque nigra.
Coxae quatuor anticae fusco-olivaceae, quatuor posticae luteae. Pedes lutei, quatuor

496 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

antici valde nigricanti-punctati et maculati, tibiis in parte apicali nigricantibus,
metatarsis fuscis sed prope basin fulvo-annulatis. Pedes quatuor postici articulis
cunctis, tarsis exceptis, apice anguste sed intense nigro-annulatis. Tibiae anticae
aculeis fulvis longis sed iniquis, suberectis 4 — 4 vel 5 — 5, metatarsi aculeis similibus
(apicalibus minoribus) 5 — 5 subtus instructi. Pedes postici fere mutici.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(2) Mecaphesa seniispinosa, sp. nov.

%. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax subtilissime coriaceus, fulvo-rufescens, iitrinque
fuscus et leviter fulvo-variatus, linea media exillima alba sectus, tuberibus ocularibus
obscure cinereis, parte cephalica antice levissime acclivi. Oculi antici in lineam sat
angustam, valde recurvam, inter se fere aequidistantes, laterales mediis fere triplo
majores. Oculi postici inter se aequi, in lineam multo latiorem, valde (fere aequaliter)
recurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se fere \ remotiores. Oculi medii inter se
subaequales (postici anticis vix majores), aream parallelam, longiorem quam latiorem
occupantes. Clypeus oculis mediis anticis saltern duplo latior, ad marginem setis
uniseriatis munitus. Abdomen antice rotundum, postice valde ampliatum et obtuse
truncatum, omnino fusco-rufescens. Chelae coriaceae, partes oris sternumque fusco-
rufescentia. Pedes fulvo-rufuli, antici posticis paulo obscuriores, tibiis aculeis fulvis
validis et suberectis 3 — 3, partem apicalem articuli tantum occupantibus, metatarsis
aculeis similibus 3 — 3 (apicalibus minoribus) subtus instructis. Pedes postici fere
mutici. Plaga genitalis fulvo-nitida, convexa, obtuse triangularis, fovea subrotunda,
crasse marginata et plagulam parvam longam includente, impressa.

Plate XVII. fig. 4.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea.

Subfam. PHILODROMINAE
Proerneae.

Les especes assez nombreuses qui representent aux lies Hawaii la sous-famille
des P hilodrominae se distinguent toutes des Philodronms ordinaires par leurs cheliceres,
dont la marge sup^rieure au lieu d'etre transverse et arrondie est longuement oblique,
garnie d'une serie tres dense de longs crins incurves et armee de deux dents coniques
(la i"^ plus forte que la 2") eloignees de la base du crochet qui est plus long que celui
des Philodronms. Ces caracteres indiquent que ces especes font le passage des
Thomisides aux Chibionides, particulierement au groupe des Sparassus.

Nous avons deja indique (Zool. Jahrb. 1899, p. 418) les rapports des Proermis

ARACHNIDA 497

{Plerelas) et des Psellomis et nous avions meme propose de les rapprocher dans un
meme groupe, mais la decouverte de types nouveaux {Pagiopalus, Adrastidia) faisant
graduellement le passage des Proernns aux Pkilodromus nous fait penser aujourd'hui
que ces araignees se rattachent plus intimement a la sous-famille des P hilodrominae
dans laquelle elles doivent cependant former un groupe special.

Les Proernus et genres voisins different des Psellomis par leurs pieces buccales
beaucoup plus courtes, construites comme celles des Thomisides ordinaires, par leur
cephalothorax plus ou moins epais et leurs cheliceres semblables dans les deux sexes,
jamais divergentes.

Proernus, nom. nov.
Pterelas E. Simon, in Zool. Jahrb,, 1899, P- 4'^ (nom. praeocc.^).

Synopsis specierum.

1. Metatarsi quatuor antici usque ad basin crebre scopulati. Tibia pedum-

maxillarium maris apophysi parva, apice minute et fere aequaliter bidentata,

armata 2.

Metatarsi quatuor antici, apice excepto, baud scopulati. Tibia pedum-
maxillarium maris apophysi parva, apice inaequaliter bidentata, dente
superiore inferiore multo minora, armata velox.

2. Metatarsi quatuor antici aculeis basilaribus trinis tantum muniti 3.

Metatarsi quatuor antici aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 usque ad apicem armati aculeatus.

3. Tibiae 2' paris subtus, usque ad basin, aculeis parvis 3 — 3 armatae. Tibiae

metatarsique postici aculeati Schauinslandi.

Tibiae 2' paris subtus, in parte apicali, aculeis interioribus binis aculeoque
exteriore unico tantum munitae. Metatarsi postici aculeati sed tibiae
posticae muticae castaneus.

(i) Proernus schauinslandi E. Simon.

Pterelas schauinslandi E. Simon, in Zool. Jahrb., 1899, p. 418.

^. Long. 12 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, parte cephalica antice sensim
infuscata, postice lineolis abbreviatis fuscis trinis, media recta alteris divaricatis, notata,
breviter fulvo-pubescens et setis nigris parvis spiniformibus conspersus. Abdomen sat
breve, antice obtuse truncatum, postice leviter ampliatum et obtusum, supra nigricans,
antice paulo dilutius et confuse testaceo-variatum, crebre et breviter fulvo-pubescens,
subtus dilutius et cinereo-albido-pilosum. Chelae fusco-rufulae, attenuatae et parum
convexae, antice opacae, transversim rugatae et setis spiniformibus inordinatis con-
spersae. Partes oris, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, patellis tibiis metatarsisque

' Pterelas, Guerin, in Mag. Zool. vi. 1836, cl. 7, pi. 20.

498 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

quatuor anticis fusco-castaneis. Pedes i' paris tibiis subtus aculeis brevibus 3 — 3
atque extus aculeis lateralibus trinis minoribus, metatarsis aculeis binis inferioribus
aculeoque laterali exteriore subbasilaribus, armatis. Pedes 2' paris subtus similiter
aculeati, sed aculeis lateralibus carentes. Pedes quatuor postici minute et parce
aculeati. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, fulvi, patella intus tarsoque obscurioribus ; tibia
patella paulo longiore et paulo graciliore, tereti, extus apophysi apicali nigra parva et
obtusa, sed apice minutissime bidentata, armata ; tarso mediocri, ovato, tibia vix
longiore ; bulbo parvo et ovato, simplici.

Cephalothorax long. 5-3 mm., lat. 5-5 mm. Abdomen long. 7 mm. Pedes i
long. I9'8 mm.; Pedes 11 long. 25 mm.; Pedes in et iv long. 14 mm.

Plate XVII. fig. 6.

Hab. Oahu : Koolau range (Perkins, x. 1892).

(2) Proernus aciileatus, sp. nov.

^. Long. 12 mm. Cephalothorax pallide fulvo-testaceus, parte cephalica antice
sensim infuscata et rufescenti-tincta. Abdomen sat longum, depressum, antice obtuse
truncatum et leviter emarginatum, supra punctis impressis longis et obliquis 3 — 3
munitum, fulvo-testaceum, sericeo-pubescens, postice utrinque puncto nigro minutissimo
notatum. Chelae fusco-castaneae, transversim leviter rugatae et setis validis iniquis
conspersae. Partes oris fusco-castaneae, laminae intus albido-marginatae. Sternum
pedesque fulva. Pedes i' paris tibiis subtus aculeis 3 — 3, e.xterioribus parvis interioribus
majoribus, extus aculeis lateralibus trinis parvis uniseriatis atque intus aculeo laterali
subapicali, metatarsis aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 aculeoque laterali exteriore subbasilari
armatis. Pedes 2' paris anticis multo longiores, tibiis aculeis inferioribus minutissimis
3 — 3, metatarsis aculeis paulo majoribus 3 — 3 munitis, sed aculeis lateralibus carentibus.
Pedes quatuor postici parce aculeati. Pedes-maxillares ut in praecedenti.

Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano.

(3) Proernus castajieus, sp. nov.

t. Long. 12 mm. Cephalothorax obscure fulvo-rufescens, regione frontali in-
fuscata, parte cephalica postice vittis obliquis fuscis marginata, fulvo-pubescens et setis
validis nigris conspersus. Abdomen sat breve, antice obtuse truncatum, postice
obtusum, nigricans sed antice et subtus paulo dilutius, breviter fulvo-pubescens, punctis
impressis coriaceis obliquis 3 — 3, supra notatum. Chelae fulvo-rufulae ad basin con-
vexae et leviter geniculatae, vix rugatae, setis nigris validis conspersae. Partes oris
sternumque fusca. Pedes obscure fulvo-ravidi, patellis tibiis metatarsisque quatuor
anticis fusco-castaneis. Pedes i' paris tibiis subtus aculeis sat brevibus 3 — 3 atque

ARACHNIDA 499

extus aculeis lateralibus minoribus binis, altero submedio altero subapicali, metatarsis
usque ad basin crebre scopulatis, aculeis binis inferioribus aculeoque laterali exteriore
subbasilaribus armatis. Pedes 2' paris in parte apical! aculeis parvis exterioribus binis,
aculeoque interiore unico subtus munitis, metatarsis ad basin biaculeatis. Pedes quatuor
postici metatarsis aculeatis sed tibiis muticis. Pedes-maxillares fere ut in praecedentibus
sed tibia paulo breviore.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(4) Proe7-mis velox, sp. no v.

Z. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax obscure fulvo-rufescens, linea marginali lineo-
lisque radiantibus obscurioribus notatus, breviter sed crasse flavido-pubescens et setis
validis et longis nigris conspersus. Abdomen oblongum, antice obtuse truncatum,
postice breviter attenuatum et obtusum, punctis impressis 3 — 3, mediis longis et obliquis,
notatum, supra obscure testaceum, utrinque crebre nigricanti-punctatum et confuse
marginatum, breviter et crasse fulvo-rufulo-pubescens, subtus dilutius et luteo-pilosum.
Chelae sat debiles, fusco-rufulae, apice dilutiores, vix rugatae, setis nigris conspersae.
Partes oris, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufula, parte labiali, sterno antice, patellis tibiis
anticis metatarsisque ad apicem leviter infuscatis. Pedes i' paris tibia subtus aculeis
gracilibus et longis 3 — 3, aculeo laterali interiore subapicali, aculeisque lateralibus
exterioribus multo minoribus trinis, metatarsis gracilibus et longis, apice excepto, baud
scopulatis, aculeis inferioribus longis 3 — 3, aculeisque lateralibus exterioribus minoribus
binis, armatis. Pedes 2' paris anticis multo longiores, subtus similiter aculeati, sed tibiis
utrinque aculeo laterali parvo tantum munitis. Pedes quatuor postici tibiis metatarsisque
aculeatis. Pedes-maxillares fere praecedentium sed paulo longiores, apophysi tibiali
subtus ad basin leviter emarginata, ad apicem inaequaliter bidentata, dente superiore
inferiore multo minore.

Plate XVII. fig. 5.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

Pagiopalus, gen. nov.

A Procrno differt fronte angustiore, oculis quatuor anticis in lineam magis re-
curvam angustiorem, mediis lateralibus majoribus et inter se quam a lateralibus
remotioribus, a lateralibus anguste separatis, oculis mediis posticis a sese quam a
lateralibus distantioribus, sed area quatuor mediorum, antice quam postice angustiore,
paulo longiore quam latiore vel saltem baud latiore, pedum anticorum metatarsis
tarsisque tenuibus, aculeis inferioribus lateralibusque longioribus et numerosioribus
armatis, tarsis breviter et parce scopulatis, metatarsis baud scopulatis.

F. H. II. ^5

500 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Synopsis specierum.

Cephalothorax fulvus, nigro-punctatus et lineatus 2.

Cephalothorax fulvus, nigro-variegatus, macula magna vel vitta albo-opaca

supra ornatus 3.

Tibiae i' paris aculeis 4 — 4 subtus armatae. Plaga genitalis feminae area

parva acute triquetra postice impressa. Pedes-maxillares maris longis-

simi atomarhis.

Tibiae t' paris aculeis 3 — 3 subtus armatae. Plaga genitalis feminae area

parva ovata postice impressa. Pedes-maxillares maris modice longi semipiinctatiis.

Sternum venterque pallide lutea .persona/us.

Sternum venterque atra nigriventrts.

(i) Pagiopalus atomarius, sp. nov.

%. Long. 7 — 8 mm. $. Long. 6 mm. — Cephalothorax obscure fulvus, luteo-
nitido-pubescens, fusco nigrove punctatus et lineatus, regione oculari et clypei in-
fuscata, parte cephalica seriatim punctata, Hneis longitudinalibus trinis, media recta,
alteris exillimis et sinuosis, postice macula angulosa V magnum formante, parte
thoracica punctis parvis, in medio lineas radiantes designantibus, versus marginem
majoribus densioribus et subconfluentibus, notatis. Oculi antici lineam sat angustam
recurvam designantes, medii lateralibus circiter \ majores et a sese quam a lateralibus
plus duplo remotiores (spatio inter laterales et medios oculo angustiore). Oculi
postici in lineam multo latiorem, modice recurvam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et
a sese quain a lateralibus circiter \ remotiores. Abdomen depressiusculum, oblongum,
antice obtuse truncatum et minute emarginatum, obscure testaceum, luteo-nitido-
pubescens et crebre nigricanti-punctatum, prope medium maculis geminatis binis, ad
apicem macula foliiformi confusa nigricantibus, notatum, subtus dilutius, minutissime
et parcissime nigro-punctatum. Chelae luteae, antice maculis nigricantibus binis
magnis, basali in medio dilutiore, notatae. Partes oris leviter infuscatae. Sternum
pedesque lutea. Pedes, coxis saepe exceptis, crebre nigricanti-punctati. Pedes i'
paris tibia subtus aculeis gracilibus et longis 4 — 4, utrinque aculeis paulo brevioribus
trinis, aculeisque dorsalibus binis, metatarso aculeis inferioribus longis 3 — 3 et
utrinque aculeis trinis (apicalibus minoribus) munitis. Pedes 2' paris anticis multo
longiores, fere similiter aculeati, sed tibiis aculeis 5 — 5 vel 6 — 6 subtus munitis.
Pedes quatuor postici numerose aculeati.

%. Pedes-maxillares sat breves, lutei, nigro-punctati et subannulati. Plaga geni-
talis nigra rugosa, postice laevior et rotunda, striis binis, antice convergentibus,
aream minutam, longe triquetram limitantibus, notata.

Z. Pedes-maxillares lutei, longissimi ; femore recto, cephalothorace multo longiore ;

ARACHNIDA 501

tibia tereti subrecta, patella multo longiore, ad apicem apophysi exteriore parva et
truncata apophysique inferiore cariniformi, antice subacuta, armata ; tarso brevi et
angusto, bulbo simplici.

Plate XVII. fig. 7.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Molokai, Koloe. — Kauai.

(2) Pagiopalus scmipunctatits, sp. nov.

t ?. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax circiter aeque longus ac latus. utrinque ample
rotundus, fulvo-rufescens, in medio minute et parce nigro-punctatus et macula media
parva triquetra notatus, ad marginem valde nigro-reticulatus et clathratus, clypeo in
medio et area oculari utrinque nigris. Oculi fere praecedentis, sed medii antici latera-
libus vix majores. Abdomen breve, antice obtuse truncatum et minute emarginatum,
postice valde ampliatum atque obtusum, supra pallide testaceum minute et inordinate
nigro-punctatum et late nigro-marginatum, antice macula parva, postice macula majore
foliiformi confusa nigricantibus notatum, subtus minutissime et parcissime nigro-
punctatum et macula postica nigra notatum. Chelae luteae, antice maculis nigris
binis dentatis, basali in medio dilutiore, notatae. Partes oris, sternum pedesque lutea,
pars labialis leviter infuscata, sternum ad marginem minutissime nigro-notatum. Pedes
parce nigro-punctati et valde nigro-subannulati. Tibiae i' paris aculeis inferioribus
gracilibus et longis 3 — 3 et utrinque aculeis lateralibus minoribus binis munitae sed
aculeo dorsali carentes, metatarsi aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 longis (apicalibus mino-
ribus) aculeisque lateralibus muniti. Tibiae metatarsique 2' paris multo longiores,
aculeis inferioribus 4 — 4 muniti.

$. Pedes-maxillares lutei, femore intus, tibia metatarsoque supra ad basin nigro-
notatis. Plaga genitalis antice nigra et coriacea, postice dilutior et plagula parva
fulva ovata praedita.

t. Pedes-maxillares lutei, femore intus tibiaque ad basin nigro-punctatis, modice
longi, femore compresso, tibia patella longiore tereti, extus ad apicem apophysi brevi,
valde compressa haud attenuata, apice recte secta et subtus ad basin minute dentata
armata, torso sat longe ovato, bulbo simplici.

Plate XVII. fig. 15.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(3) Pagiopalus personatus, sp. nov.

%. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax latior quam longior, utrinque ample rotundus,
obscure testaceus et breviter albo-pilosus, sed in medio late albo-opacus, regione
oculari nigra linea alba divisa, clypeo nigro, regione thoracica utrinque nigricanti

65 — 2

502 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

sed ad marginem albo-notata, in medio lineis radiantibus nigricantibus notata. Oculi
quatuor antici in lineam recurvam, medii lateralibus evidenter majores, a sese quam
a lateralibus plus duplo remotiores (spatio inter laterales et inedios oculo multo
minore). Oculi postici in lineam multo latiorem, modice recurvam, inter se sub-
aequales, medii a sese quam a lateralibus vix \ remotiores. Abdomen antice obtuse
truncatum et emarginatum, postice valde ampliatum, supra nigrum, antice atque in
medio late et confuse albido-vittatum, postice arcubus tenuibus transversis albis
seriatis, i° longo, reliquis parvis, ornatum, subtus albidum et albo-pubescens. Chelae
antice nigrae, prope medium luteo-maculatae. Partes oris sternum pedesque lutea,
parte labiali infuscata, laminis extus fusco-notatis, sterno anguste nigricanti-marginato,
pedibus valde punctatis et late nigro-annulatis. Pedes i' paris tibia subtus aculeis
gracilibus et longis 4 — 4, utrinque aculeis trinis aculeoque dorsali, metatarso aculeis
inferioribus similibus 2 — 2 et utrinque aculeis trinis, apicalibus minoribus, munitis.
Pedes 2' paris anticis multo longiores, fere similiter aculeati, sed tibia aculeis in-
ferioribus 5 — 5 et metatarso aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 armatis. Plaga genitalis fusca,
pilosa, subrotunda, postice plagula transversa angulosa, glabra, notata.

Plate XVI 1 1, fig. 8.

Hab. Lanai, Koele Mts.

(4) Pagiopalus nigriveittris, sp. nov.

$. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax latior quam longior, utrinque ample rotundus,
obscure fulvo-rufescens et breviter albo-pilosus, utrinque valde nigro-reticulatus sed
ad marginem anguste albo-cinctus, vitta media lata, oculos fere attingente, leviter
dentata, antice punctos nigros, lineam transversam valde flexuosam designantes et in
medio maculam nigram subrotundam includente notatus, regione clypei et oculorum
nigra sed inter oculos posticos paulo dilutiore et nigro-lineata. Oculi fere praece-
dentis. Abdomen sat longe oblongum, antice rotundum et vix emarginatum, postice
leviter et sensim ampliatum, supra nigrum, albo fulvoque pubescens, ad marginem
anticum maculis binis confusis, prope medium utrinque vitta marginali abbreviata
arcuata et flexuosa albidis et albo-pilosis ornatum, subtus atrum cinereo-pubescens,
mamillis testaceis. Chelae antice nigrae, in lateribus et subtus testaceae. Partes
oris luteae, laminae extus nigfro-notatae. Sternum niero-nitidum, ad marginem an-
ticum testaceo-variatum. Pedes lutei, femoribus parce tibiis metatarsisque crebre
nigro-punctatis et subannulatis, aculeis gracilibus et longis, ut in praecedenti ordi-
natis, armati. Plaga genitalis fusca, pilosa, leviter depressa, multo longior quam
latior, antice attenuata et obtusa, postice truncata et minute emarginata.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau.

ARACHNIDA 503

Adrastidia, gfen. nov.

A Proerno differt oculis mediis anticis lateralibus minoribus et a lateralibus quam
inter se remotioribus, sed mediis posticis a sese quam a lateralibus duplo vel triple
distantioribus, area oculorum mediorum multo latiore postice quam antice et multo
latiore quam longiore, abdomine sat longo, antice emarginato, postice sensim ampliato,
pedum anticorum tarsis gracilibus, breviter scopulatis, metatarsis tantum ad apicem
leviter scopulatis.

(i) Adrastidia stigniaiica, sp. nov.

?. Long. 7 — 8 mm. Cephalothora.x obscure fulvus, breviter et crasse albo-pilosus,
in medio parce in lateribus crebre nigro-punctatus, punctis densioribus lineas radiantes
designantibus, parte cephalica in medio lineolis trinis abbreviatis et postice macula
magna triquetra crebre nigro-punctata, ornata, tuberibus ocularibus albidis. Abdomen
multo longius quam latius, antice sat angustum et obtuse emarginatum, postice sensim
ampliatum, elevatum et obtuse truncatum, obscure fulvum, albo-pubescens, minute et
crebre nigro-punctatum, antice linea media fusca lanceolata, postice, ad apicem, maculis
parvis nigris, plerumque quatuor, transversim uniseriatis, notatum, subtus pallide
testaceum et albo-pilosum. Chelae luteo-testaceae, antice ad basin nigro-punctatae.
Partes oris sternumque lutea, parte labiali leviter infuscata, sterno tenuiter nigro-mar-
ginato et plerumque in medio minute nigro-punctato. Pedes fulvi, antici crebre et fere
uniformiter nigro-punctati, postici parcius punctati, tibia metatarsoque 3' paris plerumque
supra nigro-maculatis. Tibia i' paris subtus aculeis robustis 4 — 5 et e.xtus aculeis
parvis binis, metatarsus aculeis inferioribus robustis 3 — 3, aculeis lateralibus exterioribus
trinis aculeoque laterali interiore apicali, armati. Tibia metatarsusque 2' paris subtus
similiter aculeati sed aculeis lateralibus carentes. Pedes quatuor postici parcissime
aculeati. Pedes-maxillares lutei, femore ad apicem patellaque nigro-punctatis.

Plate XVII. fig. 10.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Lanai, Koele Mts. — ^Maui, Haleakala. — Kauai.

Var. Abdomen laete rufescens, punctis parvis nigris albo-areolatis crebre ornatum,
macula media ovata et postice vittis transversis binis nigris supra notatum.

Hab. Oahu ; Kiwailou Riv., Kaala Mts.

(2) Adrastidia nebulosa, sp. nov.

%. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax obscure fulvus, parte cephalica antice infuscata,
linea media exili, utrinque linea exili sinuosa vix expressa et postice macula magna
acute triquetra fuscis notata, parte thoracica utrinque valde infuscata et lineis fuscis

504 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

abbreviatis radiantibus notata, tuberibus ocularibus fuscis. Abdomen fere praecedentis,
fulvo-testaceum, supra confuse infuscatum et lividuni, in medio parcissime utrinque
densius fusco-punctatum, postice in declivitate, punctis lineas obliquas parum regulares
designantibus. Chelae, partes oris sternumque luteo-testacea, chelae antice ad basin
fusco-maculatae. Pedes pallide fulvi, femoribus subtus crebre fusco-punctatis, supra
nigricanti-variegatis et confuse triannulatis, tibiis metatarsisque, praesertim posticis,
crebre fusco-punctatis, ut in praecedenti aculeati. Pedes-maxillares pallide lutei, femore
ad apicem patellaque fuscis.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa. — Maui, Haleakala.

{3) Adrastidia longula, sp. nov.

%. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-testaceus albo-pubescens, parte cephalica
linea media lineisque lateralibus valde flexuosis et ramosis, postice convergentibus,
notata, parte thoracica utrinque ad marginem valde fusco-reticulata et lineis fuscis
exillimis et abbreviatis radiantibus, ornata, tuberibus ocularibus albis. Abdomen longe
oblongum, antice profunde emarginatum, postice leviter et sensim ampliatum, nee
angulosum nee truncatum, supra fulvo-lividum, fuseo nigroque guttulatum, albo-
marginatum et maculis paucis albis, vittam mediam abbreviatam designantibus, supra
ornatum, subtus albido-testaceum. Chelae, partes oris, sternum pedesque pallide fulva,
chelae antice fuseo-maculatae, pedes supra vix distincte pallide fusco-punctati ; tibiis
metatarsisque i' paris subtus aeuleis 3 — 3 et extus aculeis lateralibus minoribus binis,
tibiis metatarsisque 2' paris subtus similiter aculeatis sed aculeis lateralibus carentibus.

Plate XVII. fig. 9.

A praecedentibus differt area oculorum mediorum minus transversa, vix duplo
latiore quam longiore, oculis mediis posticis a sese minus distantibus.

Hab. IMaui, Haleakala.

Fam. CLUBIONIDAE.

Heteropoda Latreille.

(i) Heteropoda regia Fabricius.
H. venatoria auct. (ex Linn.).

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Oahu, Wainae Alts. — Kauai.
Espece repandue dans toutes les regions tropicales du monde.

ARACHNIDA 505

Fam. AGELENIDAE.
Tegenaria Latreille.

(i) Tegenaria do))iestica Clerck.

Araneus domestiais Clerck, Aran. Siiec, 1757, p. 102 (ad max. part.).

Tegenaria civilis Walckenaer.

Tegenaria Dchranii Thorell (ex Scopoli).

Hab. Hawaii.

Espece cosmopolite.

Nota. Les deux families des Clubionides et des Agelenides, qui occupent ordi-
nairement une si grande place dans la nature, paraissent etrangeres a I'archipel des
Sandwich ; les deux especes ubiquistes citees plus haut, y ont sans doute 6te introduites.

Fam. LYCOSIDAE.
Lycosa Latreille.

Ce genre est represente par quatre especes appartenant chacune a un groupe
special : L. oahuensis Keyserl. (Z,. stygialis E. Sim.), au groupe Alopecosa (type
L. fabrilis CI.), L. Iiawaiiensis E. Sim., au groupe du L. I'adiata Latreille, L.
Kabikanai E. Sim., au groupe Trocliosa (type L. rnricola de Geer), enfin L.
Likelikeae E. Sim. a un groupe particulier de caracteres ambigus.

Deux de ces especes, L. Kalnkanai et Likelikeae E. S. sont particulieres a Kauai,
les deux autres sont plus largement distributes, le L. oahuensis Keyserl. a meme ^t6
trouve a Laysan, en dehors de I'Archipel.

(i) Lycosa oahuensis Keyserl ing.

L. oahuensis Keyserling, in L. Koch, Arachn. Austr., 11, 1889, p. 267, tab. xxiv,
fig. 8.

L. stygialis E. Simon, in Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., t. xin, 1S98, p. 29.

Hab. Oahu. — Hawaii. — Laysan.

Decrit de I'ile Oahu par Keyserling ; nous le connaissons aussi de Hawaii (Museum
de Paris), et de Laysan (Schauinsland). M. Perkins n'en a capture qu'un seul individu
dans les Montagnes de Waimea (Oahu).

5o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Lycosa hawaiiensis E. Simon.

L. hawaiiensis E. Simon, in Zool. Jahrb., 1899, p. 419.
Hab. Hawaii. — Maui.

Decouvert a Hawaii (Kilauea) par le Dr Schauinsland, retrouve en nombre par
M. Perkins a Olaa et Kona (Hawaii) et a Haleakala (Maui).

Cette espece ressemble beaucoup au L. oahuensis Keyserl. i^stygialis E. Sim.) ;
elle appartient cependant a un autre groupe, celui ayant pour type L. radiata Latr., ses
cheliceres offrant a la marge inferieure trois fortes dents subcontigues.

(3) Lycosa [T^-oc/iosa) kaiukanai, sp. nov.

?. Long. 1 5 mm. Cephalothorax ovatus, humilis, fusco-rufescens, omnino crebre
fulvo-cervino-pubescens, facie obtusissima. Oculi quatuor antici inter se aequidistantes,
medii lateralibus paulo majores, in lineam subrectam vi.x procurvam, latiorem quam
lineam 2^"". Oculi sen i""' mediocres, spatio oculo paulo minore a sese distantes. Oculi
quatuor postici, superne visi, aream multo latiorem quam longiorem et postice quam
antice fere duplo latiorem occupantes. Clypeus oculis parvis anticis duplo latior.
Abdomen oblongum, omnino crebre fulvo-cervino-pubescens. Chelae validae, convexae,
nigrae, fulvo-cinereo-crinitae, margine inferiore sulci dentibus trinis subcontiguis, ultimo
minore, armato. Partes oris nigricantes. Sternum pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, meta-
tarsis tarsisque anticis leviter infuscatis. Pedes robusti, quatuor antici patellis muticis,
tibiis subtus aculeis mediocribus 3 — 3 (aculeis apicalibus carentibus) aculeoque parvo
laterali interiore submedio armatis, metatarsis usque ad basin crebre scopulatis, aculeis
pronis 3 — 3, apicalibus parvis, subtus munitis. Fovea genitalis multo longior quam
latior, antice leviter attenuata et obtusa, postice truncata, rufulo-marginata, carina Integra
canaliculata, antice angusta et attenuata, postice abrupte ampliata et trapezoidali,
omnino divisa.

Plate XVHI. fig. 4.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu.

(4) Lycosa likclikeae, sp. nov.

%. Long. 25 mm. Cephalothorax ovatus, parte cephalica leviter convexa, sat
angusta, fronte truncata, obscure fulvo-rufescens, supra flavido utrinque, praesertim
antice, albidius pubescens, parte thoracica vittis radiantibus abbreviatis, extus ampliatis,
marginem baud attingentibus, fuscis, notata. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam procurvam

ARACHNIDA 507

angustiorem quam oculos maximos sen 2^^, medii lateralibus saltern i majores et a
lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi ser. 2^= maximi, spatio oculo duplo
angustiore a sese distantes. Oculi quatuor postici, superne visi, aream latiorem quam
longiorem et postice quam antice latiorem, occupantes. Clypeus oculis anticis haud
latior. Abdomen longe oblongum, postice leviter ampliatum, fulvo-testaceum, flavido-
cervino-pubescens, supra parce fusco-punctatum et in parte basali maculis fuscis parvis,
parum regulariter quadriseriatis, notatum, subtus lineolis binis subgeminatis pallide
tuscis, abbreviatis et parum expressis, munitum. Chelae robustae et convexae, nigrae,
crebre et valde sordide albido-crinitae, subtus ad marginem interiorem crebre pilosae,
praeterea glabrae, in medio transversim profunde et regulariter striatae, margine
superiore sulci dentibus binis, 1° altero majore, margine inferiore dentibus trinis validis
aequis et contiguis, instructis. Partes oris castaneae. Sternum obscure fulvo-
olivaceum. Pedes sat longi, fulvo-rufuli, versus extremitates sensim infuscati, supra
leviter fusco-variati et parce flavido-pilosi, subannulati ; tibiis anticis subtus aculeis
longis pronis 3 — 3 apicalibusque minoribus, intus aculeis lateralibus binis armatis, meta-
tarsis cum tarsis usque ad basin sat crebre scopulatis, aculeis longis et pronis 2 — 2
aculeoque medio apicali subtus armatis. Pedes postici numerose et valde aculeati, tarsis
subtus omnino crebre setosis sed utrinque linea tenui scopulata marginatis. Fovea
genitalis- multo longior quam latior, parallela, antice rotunda, postice truncata, rufulo
marginata et carina rufula, antice parallela, postice sat abrupte ampliata et triquetra,
omnino secta.

Plate XVIII. fig. 3.

Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano.

Cette espece remarquable pourrait former un groupe special dans le genre Lycosa,
caractdrise par les yeux de la seconde ligne tres gros et rapproches I'un de I'autre, leur
intervalle ayant a peine leur rayon, par les yeux anterieurs en ligne assez procurvee
avec les medians plus gros et un peu plus resserres que les lateraux. A part cela
elle se rapproche surtout des especes du premier groupe (type L. tarciitu/a Rossi).

Lycosella Thorell.

(1) Lycosella spiiiipcs, sp. nov.

%. Long. 6 mm. Cephalothorax laevis, fusco-olivaceus, parce fulvo-rufulo-pilosus,
regione oculari utrinque late nigro- marginata, vitta media latissima, postice sensim
attenuata, vittaque submarginali angusta dilutioribus, obscure fulvis et albido-luteo-
pilosis decoratus. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam valde procurvam semicircularem,
inter se aequi et fere aequidistantes, laterales ab oculis maximis ser. 2'''= vix separati.
F. H. II. ^

5o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Area oculorum quatuor dorsalium parallela et subquadrata. Abdomen ovatum,
nigricans, obscure rufulo-pubescens, linea media integra fulva, luteo-pilosa et, pone
medium, macula maxima, ovato-transversa albo-pilosa, laete decoratum, subtus fulvo-
rufulo-pubescens. Chelae nigricantes, intus atque ad apicem rufescentes, parce fulvo-
crinitae, margine inferiore sulci dentibus trinis subcontiguis, \° et 2° inter se acquis,
altero minutissimo, armato. Pars labialis nigricans. Laminae-maxillares, sternum,
pedes-maxillares pedesque fulvo-rufula, femoribus, praesertim subtus, annulis nigricanti-
bus binis, valde sinuoso-dentatis, ornatis, tibiis metatarsisque cunctis latissime fusco-
biannulatis, tibiis anticis aculeis inferioribus tenuibus longissimis 5 — 5 (apicalibus
reliquis minoribus), metatarsis aculeis inferioribus similibus 3 — 3 et utrinque aculeis
lateralibus minoribus binis (exterioribus setiformibus) armatis. Plaga genitalis fusco-
nitida semicircularis, incisura profunda, processum linguiformem fulvum includente,
notata.

Plate XVI. fig. 9 and Plate XVIII. fig. 5.

Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano. — Maui, Haleakala.

(2) Lycosella annulata, sp. nov. •

?. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax niger, vitta submarginali angusta et sinuosa
atque in parte thoracica linea media paulo dilutioribus et rufescentibus, vix expressis,
notatus, pilis brevibus rubris albidisque mixtis, sat crebre vestitus. Oculi antici In
lineam validissime procurvam semicircularem, medii lateralibus vix majores. Area
oculorum quatuor dorsalium parallela (postice quam antice vix latior) et subquadrata.
Abdomen oblongum, fuscum, fulvo-rufulo-pubescens, parce et longe albido-crinitum, in
parte basali nigro-marginatum, prope medium vitta transversa lata, postice vitta trans-
versa angustiore et leviter sinuosa, nigris, supra ornatum. Chelae nigrae, intus atque
ad apicem dilutiores et rufescentes, parce fulvo-rufulo-crinitae, margine inferiore sulci
dentibus trinis, 1° et 2° inter se acquis, altero minutissimo, armato. Partes oris
sternumque fusco-nigricantia. Pedes fulvo-rufuli, parce lutco-pilosi, femoribus annulis
nigris trinis valde sinuosis et interruptis ornatis, tibiis cunctis metatarsisque posticis
late fusco-biannulatis, tibiis anticis aculeis inferioribus 4 — 4, intcrioribus (praesertim
mediis) longissimis, aculeoque laterali interiore parvo, metatarsis aculeis similibus
(apicalibus minoribus) 3 — 3 subtus armatis, tibiis metatarsisque 2" paris subtus similiter
aculeatis, sed utrinque aculeo laterali parvo munitis. Vulva tuberculo conico, obtuso
nitido, nigro sed apice rufulo, munita.

Plate XVI. fig. 10.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

ARACHNIDA 509

Syroloma, gen. nov.

A Trabaea, cui affinis est, differt cephalothoracis facie humiliore et obtusiore,
oculorum linea antica recurva, latiore quam linea secunda, oculis mediis a lateralibus
quam inter se plus duplo remotioribus, oculis ser. 2"' paulo minoribus, tarsis pedum
fascicule parvo setarum claviformium sub unguibus munitis.

Ce nouveau genre, propre aux lies Sandwich, se rapproche du genre Trabaea par
les yeux medians de la premiere ligne beaucoup plus rapproches I'un de I'autre que des
lateraux, mais il s'en eloigne par le front tres obtus et arrondi comme celui des Trochosa,
par la premiere ligne oculaire plus large que la seconde dont les yeux sont relativement
plus petits, enfin par la structure des tarses qui est exceptionnelle pour la famille des
Lycosides ; ces tarses offrent en effet, au dessous des griffes superieures, de petits fascicules
de polls spathules analogues a ceux des Clubionides et masquant la griffe inferieure.

Le genre Syroloina peut etre considere comme formant un lien entre les Lycosides
et certains Clubionides, particulierement les Ctenus et les Mitwga.

( I ) Syroloma major, sp. nov.

Z. Long. 13 mm. Cephalothorax fusco-castaneus fere niger, parte cephalica
postice late dilutiore et rufescenti, sed punctis parvis fuscis 4 vel 6 biseriatis notata,
utrinque fere glaber, sed linea marginali exili fulvo-pilosa cinctus, supra vitta media
latissima crebre albido-cinereo-pilosa ornatus. Abdomen ovatum, fusco-testaceum,
fulvo-sericeo-pubescens et nigro-crinitum, in parte basali maculis parvis binis sub-
geminatis, dein lineolis transversis tenuibus, postice utrinque macula parva nigricantibus,
notatum. Chelae validae, ad basin convexae, nigrae, parce fulvo-pilosae, longe nigro-
crinitae, margine superiore sulci dentibus trinis, medio reliquis duplo majore, inferiore
dentibus trinis, ultimo reliquis minore, armatis. Partes oris nigrae, laminae intus vix
dilutiores, pars labialis longior quam latior, apice leviter attenuata et truncata. Sternum
sat anguste ovatum, fusco-testaceum, parce pilosum et crinitum. Pedes fulvo-rufuli,
fulvo-sericeo-pilosi, longe et tenuiter hirsuti, annulis fuscis angustis et sinuosis cincti,
tibiis metatarsisque anticis valde infuscatis, longe et numerose aculeati, tibiis anticis
subtus aculeis 4—4 aculeoque laterali interiore, metatarsis subtus aculeis 3 — 3, apicalibus
reliquis minoribus et utrinque aculeis lateralibus binis (altero submedio, altero apicali),
armatis. Pedes-maxillares rufuli, tarso, saltem ad basin, nigricanti, mediocres et
graciles ; femore leviter curvato supra ad apicem aculeis 1—3 armato ; patella longiore
quam latiore ; tibia patella circiter aequilonga, vix graciliore, leviter curvata et longe

66—2

5IO FAUNA HAWAII ENS IS

crinita ; tarso tibia cum patella simul sumptis breviore, tibia non multo latiore, apice
acuminato et subtus longe crinito ; bulbo nigro, subrotundo, parum complicato.

$. Long. 17 — 18 mm. A mari differt abdomine majore, sat longe ovato, supra
nigricanti sed vitta media latissima, leviter sinuosa et postice utrinque acute coarctata
rufescenti et crebre albido-cinereo-pilosa, ornato, subtus obscure fulvo-testaceo, pedibus
brevioribus. Vulva fulvo-nitida, semicircularis, fovea subrotunda, antice carinulam
postice plagulam parvam trapezoidalem includente, impressa.

Plate XVI II. fig. I.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Kauai, Halemanu.

(2) Syroloma minor, sp. no v.

Z. Long. 8 — 9 mm. Cephalothorax nigricans, in medio vix dilutior, parce fulvo-
pilosus, linea marginali fulvo-pilosa cinctus, parte cephalica maculis mediis binis
obliquis, parte thoracica linea longitudinali abbreviata albidius pilosis, ornatus.
Abdomen nigricans postice dilutius, rufulo-variatum et fulvo-cinereo-pubescens, antice
linea longitudinali, postice punctis biseriatis albo-pilosis, supra ornatum. Chelae
robustae, nigrae, ad basin et extus fulvo-pilosae, et, praesertim intus, valde nigro-
crinitae, marginibus sulci ut in praecedenti. Partes oris nigrae, laminae ad apicem
saepe dilutiores et rufescentes. Sternum nigro-nitidum. Pedes fulvo-rufescentes, fusco
vel castaneo-annulati, femoribus annulis trinis angustis et sinuosis (altero submedio
alteris binis subgeminatis subapicalibus), tibiis annulo basali angusto apicalique latiore,
metatarsis annulo medio annuloque apicali, notatis, tibiis anticis aculeis inferioribus 3 — 4
vel 4 — 4 longis, sed apicalibus minoribus et utrinque aculeis lateralibus plurimis, meta-
tarsis aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 et utrinque lateralibus binis armatis. Pedes-maxillares
fere praecedentis sed tarso paulo latiore, fulvo-rufescentes, femore biannulato, tarso
fusco-castaneo vel nigro.

$. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax obscure fuscus vel nigricans in medio dilutior,
fulvo-pubescens, linea marginali vittaque media lata sed postice attenuata albidius pilosis,
ornatus. Abdomen oblongum, atrum, antice plus minus fulvo-variatum, postice abrupte
dilutius et fulvum, albido fulvoque pubescens, antice linea longitudinali alba sed postice
sensim rufulo-pilosa, prope medium lineolis transversis arcuatis albido-pilosis, supra
ornatum. Sternum nigricans. Pedes ut in mari sed breviores.

Plate XVIII. fig. 2.

Hab. Molokai. — Maui, Haleakala. — Kaui, Halemanu.

ARACHNJDA 511

Fam. ATT I DAE.
Bavia E. Simon.

(1) Bavia acriccps E. Simon.

Bavia aericeps E. Simon, in Ann. Soc. ent. Fr,, 1877, p. 61.
Acompse suavis L. Koch, An Austr., p. 1 146, tab. xcix, fig. 6, 7.

Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mts.

Espece repandue dans toute la Malaisie, I'Australie et la Polynesie.

Hasarius E. Simon.

(i) Hasariits adansoni Audouin.

Attus Adansoni et tardigradus Aud. in Savigny, Descr. de I'Egypte, r" ed. .xxii,

p. 169, 170, tab. vii, f. 8 — f. 13.
Salticus striatits Lucas, in Rev. Mag. ZooL, 1853, p. 521.
Attus capita Lucas in Barker Webb et Berthelot, H. N. Canaries, An. Art.,

p. 27, tab. VII, fig. 8.
Salticus citus O. P. Cambr., in Zoologist, 1863, p. 8561.
} Salticus ruficapilius Dolesch., in Act. Soc. Ind.-Neerl., v. 1859, p. 13, tab. 11,

%• 3-
Attus nigrofusctts Vinson, Aran. Reun. Maur. Madag., 1864, p. 59, tab. x, fig. 8.

Eris niveipalpis Gerstaecker, in C. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika, iii, 2, 1873,

?• 477-
Salticus scadellatus Butler, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, p. 441.
? Salticus acutus Blackwall, in Proc. R. Irish Acad., 2. sen, in, p. 3, tab. i, f. 2.
Plexippus ardelio Thorell, Studi Rag. Mai. etc., i, 1877, p. 602 (262).
Hasarius Adansoni Thorell, id., iv, 1892, p. 426.
'^.Hasarius Garctti Keyserling in L. Koch, An Austn, 1882, p. 1289, tab. ex,

fig- 4-

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Oahu, Honolulu.

Espece repandue dans toutes les regions chaudes de I'Ancien Monde ; introduite
aux Sandwich.

5X2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Plexippus C. Koch.
(i) Plexippus payktdli Audouin.

Attics Paykulli Aud. in Savigny, Descr. de I'Egypte, 2" ed. xxii, p. 172, tab. vii,

f. 22.
Atttis ligo Walck., H. N. Apt. i, 1837, p. 426.

Plexippus ligo C. Koch, Arachn. xiii, 1846, p. 107, fig. 1168 — 1169.
Salticus Vaillanti Lucas, Expl. sc. Alg., Zool. i, 1848, p. 136, tab. v, fig. 2.
Alius africanus Vinson, Aran. Reun. Maur. Madag., 1864, p. 52, tab. x, fig. 3.
Euophrys delibuta L. Koch, in Verh. z. b. G. Wien, 1865, p. 874.
Hasarius Paykulli E. Sim., An Fr. in, 1876, p. 79.
Menemerus Paykulli Thorell, St. Rag. Mai. etc. iii, 1881, p. 501.
Plexippus Paykulli Thorell, id., iv, 1892, p. 372.

Hab. Kauai, Makaweli 2000 ft. vi. 1894, Perkins.

Espece repandue dans toutes les regions chaudes du monde ; introduite aux
Sandwich.

MoLLiCA G. et E. Peckham.

(1) Mollica microphthalmus L. Koch.

Jotus niicrophthalnius L. Koch, Arachn. Austr., i, p. 1246, tab. cvii, f. 2 — 3.
Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.
Decrit de Tahiti ; crouve depuis dans plusieurs iles de la Polynesie.

Sandalodes Keyserling.

Mopsus Keyserl. in L. Koch, Ar. Austr. i, 1882, p. 1330 (non Mopsus Karsch).

Sandalodes Keyserl, loc. cit., p. 1476 (nota).

Thyene E. Simon, in Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., x, 1885 [T. seinicuprea).

Les trois especes precedentes ont sans doute ete introduites aux Sandwich; les
Attides autochtones rentrent tons dans le genre Sandalodes, propose par Keyser-
ling pour deux especes australiennes, qu'il avait d'abord rapportees a tort au genre
Afopsus de Karsch. Mais les Sandalodes des Sandwich sont plus petits que les
especes typiques, ils manquent chez le male de crete frontale, et les caracteres du
genre s'y affaiblissent graduellement, depuis les 5". pubens et validus qui ressemblent
encore au 6". albobarbatits Keyserl. jusqu'au S. cruciatus E. Sim. qui a le facies d'un
Icius.

ARACHNIDA 513

Synopsis specierum.

1. Chelae antice, praesertim ad basin, creberrime et inordinate fulvo alboque

barbatae 2.

Chelae antice pilis longis albis seriatis, lineas designantibus, ornatae 3.

2. Pili oculorum albi albociliatus.

Pili oculorum rubri vel fulvcrufuli .piibens, canosus, validus.

3. Pili oculorum albi seninilus.

Pili oculorum fulvo-nifuli verecundus, /lavatiis, cruciatus.

( I ) Sandalodes piibejis, sp. nov.

t. 7 — 8 mm. Cephalothorax crassus, leviter ovatus, antice utrinque, pone
oculos laterales, convexus, niger, pilis simplicibus crassis, longis et pronis, fulvo-ravidis
crebre vestitus, parte thoracica vittis dorsalibus latis binis lineaque marginali exili
albido-luteo-pilosis ornata. Pili oculorum fulvo-ravidi. Clypeus fere glaber, oculis
mediis saltem duplo angustior. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam sat recurvam, laterales
a mediis anguste separati. Area oculorum dorsalium evidenter latior postice quam
antice. Oculi parvi ser. 2" ab oculis posticis quam ab anticis saltem \ remotiores.
Abdomen oblongum, supra ravido-pubescens, parce et longissime albo nigroque
crinitum, antice vitta marginali lineisque medianis binis arcuatis, postice linea media
exili abbreviata et utrinque vittis obliquis binis latis albido-pilosis ornatum, subtus
fuscum, breviter et parce luteo-pilosum. Chelae robustae, rugosae et transversim
rugatae, nigrae, crasse et dense fulvo-ravido-pilosae et intus longe albo-crinitae, sed
apice subglabrae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore dentibus binis subgeminatis remotis,
1° 2° duplo majore, inferiore dente mediocri, armatis, ungue longo, ad basin crasso.
Partes oris nigrae, laminae ad apicem paulo dilutiores et rufescenti-tinctae, extus ad
angulum leviter dilatatae et convexae sed obtusae. Sternum luscum. Pedes albo-
pubescentes, longe nigro alboque hirsuti, fulvo-ravidi, femoribus, praesertim anticis,
valde infuscatis fere nigris, metatarsis tarsisque dilutioribus ; pedes i' paris reliquis
robustiores, femore compresso, tibia subtus aculeis mediocribus 3 — 3, interioribus
exterioribus paulo majoribus, metatarso aculeis similibus 2 — -2 munitis, sed aculeis
lateralibus carentibus ; pedes 2' paris tibia aculeis inferioribus 3 — 3 aculeoque laterali
interiore subapicali armata, patella intus uniaculeata ; pedes quatuor postici valde
aculeati, inter se longitudine subaequales (pedes 3' paris, saltem femore et patella, paulo
longiores). Pedes-maxillares fulvo-rufuli, graciles et longi ; femore curvato ; patella
tereti, plus duplo longiore quam latiore ; tibia patella longiore, graciliore et tereti,
utrinque, praesertim intus, longissime nigro-crinita, extus ad apicem apophysi nigra,
simplici et subrecta, antice, secundum tarsum, directa armata ; tarso tibia breviore,
anguste ovato, apice attenuate sed obtuso ; bulbo simplici disciformi, intus stylo gracili,
subrecto, marginato.

514 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

%. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax niger, parte cephalica fulvo-cinereo-pubescenti,
subsquamulata, utrinque rubro-pilosa, parte thoracica subglabra sed linea marginali exili,
lineisque dorsalibus binis, postice divaricatis, albo-pilosis, ornata. Pili oculorum rufuli.
Clypeus angustus, pilosus. Abdomen longe oblongum, nigrum, supra fulvo-cinereo
leviter micanti pubescens, antice arcu marginali, postice utrinque vitta lata, intus
valde dentata, albo-pilosis, decoratum, subtus dilutius et parce albo-pilosum, sed vitta
media lata nigfra subglabra, notatum. Chelae robustae, nio-rae, ad basin crasse albo-
luteo-pilosae, ad apicem subglabrae. Partes oris nigrae, apice rufulae. Sternum
fuscum. Pedes albo nigroque hirsuti, obscure castanei vel nigricantes, coxis sex
posticis, metatarsis tarsisque dilutioribus. Area genitalis leviter depressa, plagula
media nigra parva, transversim triquetra et bifoveolata munita.

Plate XVI II. fig. 7.

H.\B. Hawaii ; Kona, Kau, INIauna Loa. — Molokai.

(2) Sandalodcs validus, sp. nov.

^. Long. 8 mm. A 5". pubenti. cui valde affinis est, differt cephalothorace
antice et utrinque rubro-pubescenti, linea marginali exili et postice vittis latis binis
divaricatis luteo-albido-pilosis decorato, pilis oculorum obscure rubris (non fulvis),
chelis antice valde coriaceis, crebre flavo-pilosis et hirsutis, pedum 2' paris tibia subtus
aculeis exterioribus trinis aculeoque interiore apicali atque intus aculeis lateralibus binis
munita. Caetera fere S. pubentis.

Plate XVIII. fig. 6.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa.

(3) Sandalodcs albociliatus, sp. nov.

^. Long. 6 — 7 mm. A 6". pubenti, cui affinis est, differt cephalothorace nigro
fulvo-cinereo-pubescenti, parte thoracica in declivitate sensim glabra sed in medio lineis
binis abbreviatis et divaricatis albo-pilosis ornata, oculis anticis in lineam minus recur-
vam, pilis albis cinctis, clypeo glabro, abdomine atro, supra crebre ravido-pubescenti
atque antice arcu albo marginato, subtus fere nudo, chelis nigris, glabris, subtiliter
coriaceis et opacis, pedibus fulvo-rufulis, femoribus, praesertim anticis, valde infuscatis
fere nigris, pedibus 1' paris patella intus minute uniaculeata, tibia aculeis inferioribus
3 — 3 aculeoque laterali interiore subapicall, tibia 2'' subtus tantum aculeis i — 3 sed
aculeis lateralibus interioribus binis, munitis. Pedes-maxillares fere S. pubentis sed
femore nigro.

Plate XVIII. fig. 8.

Hab. Lanai, Koele Mts.

ARACHNID A 5,5

(4) Sandalodes canosus, sp. nov.

?. Long. 8 mm. Cephalothorax modice altus, ovatus, antice posticeque atten-
uatus, niger, parte cephalica parteque thoracica in medio, pills albis pronis depressis et
leviter ovatis crebre vestitis, atque in medio setis longissimis albis erectis paucis et
mordinatis, munitis, utrinque in declivitate fulvo-rufulo sed versus marginem sensim
albidius pubescens. Pili oculorum obscure rubri. Clypeus glaber. Oculi antici in
Imeam sat recurvam, laterales a mediis distincte separati. Abdomen atrum, supra
cmereo-nitido-pubescens et setis longissimis albis conspersum, antice sensim albidius et
utrinque vittis obliquis abbreviatis albis notatum, subtus vitta media latissima nip-ra et

subglabra, notatum. Chelae robustae, convexae, nigrae, rugosae et rugatae, antice
creberrime albido-luteo-pilosae, sed apice glabrae. Partes oris sternumque nigra.
Pedes robusti, albo-pilosi et longissime hirsuti, nigri, antici tarsis dilutioribus, postici
coxis metatarsis ad basin tarsisque castaneis, aculeis, ut in 5. piibenti ordinatis, armati.
Area genitalis postice marginata, utrinque foveola ovata impressa.

Plate XVIII. fig. 13.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(5) Sandalodes navafus, sp. nov.

t. Long. 6-5 mm. Cephalothorax niger, sublaevis, parte cephalica haud vel
vix distincte tuberculata, in medio crebre albido-cinereo vel fulvo-nitido pilosa, antice,
prope oculos, vitta longitudinali albidiore sed confusa, notata, utrinque fulvo-rufulo vel
cervino pilosa, parte thoracica vitta media latissima, postice abbreviata et furcata,
lineaque marginali exili albo-pilosis notata. Pili oculorum fulvo-rufuli, inter oculos
medios albidi. Clypeus in medio parce luteo-barbatus, utrinque in genis fulvo-rufulo-
pilosus. Abdomen oblongum, nigricans, vitta longitudinali dilutiore, antice confusa,
postice ampliata et arcubus transversis tenuibus fuscis secta, notatum, rufulo-pubescens
sed antice arcu marginali, dein vitta longitudinali lata et postice vitta transversa, saepe
confusa, albo-pilosis decoratum, subtus parce albo-pilosum. Chelae sat longae et
parallelae, atrae, coriaceo-opaceae, pilis longis albis, lineas longitudinales designantibus,
antice ornatae, margine inferiore sulci dente valido armato. Partes oris sternumque
nigra. Pedes albo nigroque hirsuti, antici nigri, metatarsis ad basin tarsisque fulvis,
postici nigricantes, coxis trochanteribus femoribus ad basin, metatarsis ad basin,
tarsisque fulvis, tibiis 4' paris annulo medio fulvo saepe notatis. Pedes i' paris ut in
6". puhenti aculeati. Pedes 2' paris tibia aculeis exterioribus trinis aculeoque interiore
apicali (rarius aculeis binis) subtus armata et intus aculeis lateralibus binis munita,
patella intus minute uniaculeata. Pedes-maxillares ut in praecedentibus sed fusco-
castanei, parce albo-pilosi.

F. H. II. 6^

5i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

%. Long. 6 mm. Cephalothorax niger, longe cinereo-albido-pubescens, parte
cephalica antice fulvo-pilosa, sed vitta media albidiore, oculos attingente, notata, parte
thoracica postice area triquetra glabra munita. Pili oculorum fulvi. Pili clypei
densissimi et longi, albidi. Chelae parce et longe albido-crinitae. Abdomen longe
oblongum, cinereo-albido-pubescens, utrinque fusco-variatum, postice arcubus parvis
fuscis seriatis notatum. Pedes fere maris sed breviores et paulo dilutiores.

Plate XVI II. fig. 9.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Lanai, Mt. Koele. — Maui, Haleakala. — Kaui, Waimea.

(6) Sandalodes verectmdus, sp. nov.

$. Long. 4 — 5 mm. Cephalothorax niger opacus, in medio pallide luteo utrinque
fulvo-rufulo-pubescens, parte thoracica postice vittis binis divaricatis abbreviatis albidius
pilosis, ornata. Pili oculorum fulvo-rufuli, inter oculos lutei. Clypeus crebre luteo-
barbatus. Pars cephalica postice, inter oculos, tuberculo humillimo vix distincto
munita. Area oculorum dorsalium vix latior postice quam antice et postice cephalo-
thorace vix angustior. Abdomen oblongum, obscure testaceum, antice vitta longitudi-
nal! angusta lanceolata, utrinque zonis obliquis latissimis trinis subcontiguis, fusco-
violaceis, supra notatum, luteo rufuloque pubescens. Chelae angustae et parallelae,
atrae, valde coriaceo-opaceae, pilis luteis longis subseriatis ornatae, margine inferiore
sulci dente valido armato. Partes oris nigricantes. Sternum fuscum. Pedes i' paris
fusco-castanei, femore compresso fere nigro, metatarso tarsoque dilutioribus, tibia
subtus aculeis mediocribus 3 — 3 aculeoque laterali interiore subapicali, metatarso
aculeis longioribus 2 — 2 munitis. Reliqui pedes fulvi, temoribus, tibiis metatarsisque
apice leviter infuscatis, tibia 2' paris subtus aculeis exterioribus trinis aculeoque interiore
parvo apicali et intus aculeo laterali armata, tibiis metatarsisque posticis numerose
aculeatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvo-rufuli, graciles, fere ut in S. pubeiiti.

Plate XVI II. fig. 10.

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa River.

(7) Sandalodes cniciaiits, sp. nov.

$. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax niger, sublaevis, pilis longis depressis et squami-
formibus albis supra crebre vestitus, utrinque parcius fulvo-pilosus sed linea marginal!
exili albo-pilosa cinctus, parte thoracica vittis albis binis abbreviatis et divaricatis
notata, parte cephalica postice tuberculo humillimo vix expresso notata. Pili ocu-
lorum fulvi. Pili clypei pauci lutei. Abdomen oblongum, nigrum, antice arcu mar-
ginal!, dein vitta media lata, parallela vel postice attenuata et dentata et plerumque
postice vitta transversa cruciata, niveo-pilosis supra decoratum, subtus parce albo-
pilosum. Chelae parallelae, atrae, coriaceo-opaceae, pilis luteis longis, subseriatis.

ARACHNIDA 517

ornatae, margine inferiore sulci dente valido armato. Partes oris sternumque nigra.
Pedes nigro alboque hirsuti. Pedes i' paris nigricantes, metatarso ad basin, tarsoque
fulvis. Reliqui pedes obscure fulvi, fusco-annulati, femoribus, basi excepto, fere nigris,
aculeis, ut in praecedenti ordinatis, armati. Pedes-maxillares fere ut in S. vereamdo
sed nigri, tarso parvo apice dilutiore.

Plate XVIII. fig. II.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona.

(8) Sandalodes seniculus, sp. nov.

^. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax niger, sublaevis, pilis longis depressis (squami-
formibus) pronis albis supra crebre vestitus, utrinque subglaber sed linea marginali
exili alba cinctus, parte cephalica utrinque et antice fulvo-pilosa sed antice vitta media
alba notata, postice tuberculo medio humillimo, vix perspicuo, notata. Pili oculorum
supra oculos rufuli, inter oculos et subtus albi. Clypeus in medio parce utrinque in
genis crebre albo-barbatus. Abdomen oblongum, atrum, in medio confuse dilutius et
postice arcubus transversis fuscis notatum, sed omnino crebre et crasse albo-pubescens.
Chelae, partes oris, sternum pedesque praecedentis sed metatarsis anticis fulvis.
Pedes-maxillares paulo breviores, fusco-castanei.

Plate XVIII. fig. 12.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

Ordo SCORPIONES.

IsoMETRUS Hempr. et Ehrbg.

( 1 ) Isometrus macuialus de Geer.

Hab. Hawaii. — Maui. — Oahu.

Espece repandue dans toutes les regions chaudes du monde ; introduite aux
Sandwich; deja indiquee de Honolulu par Karsch et par nous-meme de Maui.

Ordo CHERNETES.

Fam. CHELIFERIDAE.

Chelifek Geoffroy.

(i) Chclifer bifissus E. Simon.

C. bifissus E. Simon, in Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., xliii 1899, p. 121.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa.

Nous avons decrit cette espece de Sumatra ; elle est sans doute repandue dans
toute la region Malaise.

Le C. bfissHS de Hawaii ne differe en rien de celui de Sumatra.

67 — 2

5i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Che lifer hawauensis, sp. nov.

$. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax anophthalmus, subtilissime coriaceus et opacus,
baud granulosus, breviter et simpliciter parce pilosus, multo longior quam latior, antice
parum attenuatus, obtusus et convexus, sulcis transversis binis subrectis impressus,
sulco 1°, vix ante medium sito, profundissimo, altero leviore. Segmenta abdominalia
opaca, setis fulvis minutissimis simplicibus sed truncatis, transversim ordinatis, munita.
Pedes-maxillares longissimi, coxa nitida, reliquis articulis subtiliter coriaceis et opacis,
brevissime et simpliciter pilosis, sed digitis pilis tenuibus albis longioribus munitis,
trochantere breviter pediculato dein subgloboso sed paulo longiore quam latiore, postice
convexo, prominulo sed obtusissimo, femore baud pediculato, a basi ad apicem sensim
ampliato, intus recto, extus, in parte apicali, leviter convexo, tibia femore vix breviore,
baud latiore et saltern triplo longiore quam latiore, et intus et extus leviter convexo,
ad basin attenuato, manu tibia paulo longiore et paulo latiore, teretiuscula, apicem
versus leviter ampliata, digitis manu paulo brevioribus, atque ad basin abrupte
angustioribus.

Cephalotborax et pedes-maxillares pallide fusco-testacei. Segmenta abdominalia
dorsalia fulva, seg. i — iv maculis fuscis binis subgeminatis, seg. v — vi transversim
late infuscata, reliqua maculis fuscis parvis quadriseriatis notata. Coxae pedum-
maxillarium fusco-castaneae. Pedes lutei, subpellucentes, coxis olivaceis.

?. Long. 4 mm. A mari differt magnitudine paulo minore, sulco thoracico 1°
recurvo, pedibus-maxillaribus paulo brevioribus, femore ad basin minus attenuato, manu
latiore, apice, versus digitos, leviter attenuata.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Kauai.

Cette espece, relativement de grande taille, ressemble, par la structure de sa patte-
macboire (dont le femur est graduellement attenue a la base, non pedicule) aux Ch.
cancrotdes L. et mertciimms L. Koch, mais elle s'en distingue par le cepbalotborax
anopbthalme et plus parallele, a peine attenue en avant. Elle pourrait former a elle
seule un groupe special dans le genre Clielifer.

Fam. GARYPIDAE.

Garvpus L. Kocb.

( I ) Garypits personaitis, sp. nov.

$ — ?. Long. I '5 mm. Brevis, latus et valde depressus, subtilissime rugosus, pilis
carens. Cephalotborax vix longior quam postice latior, antice, usque ad oculos, leviter
attenuatus, ante oculos abrupte angustior, longe productus et obtuse canaliculatus,

ARACHNIDA 519

ante medium stria transversa superficiali vix expressa notatus. Oculi utrinque bini,
inter se contigui, anticus postico paulo minor. Pedes-maxillares minute et crebre
rugosi, digitis setis tenuibus longis paucis munitis, reliquis articulis nudis ; trochan-
tere brevissime pediculato, dein lato, intus convexo et vix longiore quam latiore ; femore
parallelo, baud pediculato ; tibia femore evidenter breviore, circiter aequilato sed versus
basin sensim attenuate ; manu tibia circiter aequilonga sed duplo la^tiore, ovata, intus
convexa ; digitis gracilibus, manu paulo longioribus. Pedum quatuor posticorum tro-
chanteres longi et convexi. Truncus pallide luteo-testaceus, cephalothorace antice,
usque ad oculos, fusco vel nigricanti, segmentis abdominalibus cunctis utrinque
minute fusco-notatis, segmentis i et 11 maculis parvis medianis binis subgeminatis,
seg. in immaculato, segmentis reliquis maculis parvis binis inter se remotis et
lineas duas designantibus notatis. Pedes-maxillares obscure fusci, digitis rufescenti-
bus. Pedes pallide lutei, subpellucentes.

Cette tres petite espece est fort voisine du G. unnigatus E. Sim., de Sumatra ; elle
s'en distingue surtout par ses teguments beaucoup plus finement rugueux et depourvus
de polls claviformes.

Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mts.

Amblyolpium E. Simon,
(i) Amblyolpium longiventer Keyserling.
Olpium longiventer Keyserl. in L. Koch, Ar. Austr., 11, 1885, p. 50, tab. vi,

fig- 9-

Hab. Hawaii, Kau.

Decrit d'Australie (Queensland) par Keyserling; indique depuis de Funafuti
par R. I. Pocock. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. i, p. 321.)

Le genre Amblyolpium differe du genre Olpium par le front tronque au niveau
des yeux anterieurs, nullement prolonge en forme de museau.

521

CRUSTACEA ISOPODA.

Par Adrien Dollfus. A ,

Armadillo Latr. ^'"^■fe

(i) Armadillo kazvaiensis Dana {Spherillo).

{i = Armadillo bidens, Budde-Lund. $, ^. australis, Budde-Lund.)

La description et les figures du Spherillo kazvaiensis, Dana (Explor. Expedit.,
Crust, p. 722, pi. 47 (5« — «')), que nous avons pu consulter dans la bibliotheque de
M. Milne-Edwards, ne nous laissent pas de doute sur I'identite de cette espece avec
celle dont Mr Budde-Lund a decrit le $ sous le nom ^Armadillo bidens et la ? sous
celui ^A. anstralis. — Cette espece presente un caractere de dimorphisme sexuel
tres-particulier : en effet, le clypeus (partie cephalique situee au dessus du labre) est
muni chez le ^ de deux processus dentiformes qui ne se voient pas chez la ?.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 pieds, Perkins, 1892. — Kauai, Makaweli, 3000 pieds, 1897. —
Hawaii, Lihue, 2000 pieds (vn. 1896).

(2) Armadillo albospinostis, sp. nov.

Corps tres-convexe, assez etroit, couvert d'epines coniques sur tout le corps, plus
longues a la partie superieure. — Cephalon : bord frontal un peu incurve vers le centre,
nettement margine ; epistome muni anterieurement d'un relief en ecusson assez accentue
mais qui n'atteint pas la ligne frontale dont il est separe par une aire deprimee ; clypeus
presque rectangulaire, a processus lateraux peu developpes ; yeux assez grands, environ
16 ocelles ; antennes a premier article du fouet trois fois plus court que le second. —
Pereion : premier article du pereion a partie coxale bien developpee, depassant sensible-
ment Tangle du somite lequel presente I'aspect d'un relief triangulaire a la partie
postero-laterale du premier segment ; deuxieme segment sans duplicature coxale
distincte.- — Pleon, Telson : Pleotelson un peu plus long que large, un peu arrondi
posterieurement et muni dorsalement de quatre epines coniques tres-fortes (chez le $) ;
exopodite du premier pleopode (^) large et court avec une incurvation bien marquee ;
endopodite tres-developpe, un peu recourbe au sommet ; uropodes peu obliques :

522 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

endopodites courts atteignant la moitie dii pleotelson ; exopodites petits, situes sur la
face dorsale de I'article basilaire, a une petite distance de Tangle interne, et par
consequent non visible sur la face inferieure de I'uropode.

Couleur : gris brun vers le centre, un peu marbre sur les cotes, a epines blanchatres.
— Dimensions : 8 x 3 millim.

Obs. La % differe du ^ par ses granulations beaucoup moins spinescentes et
etroites surtout vers la region mediane, et par une couleur generale qui parait uniforme-
ment grfis-brun, I'extremite des ofranulations restant seules blanchatres. — Peut-etre
s'agit-il la de deux especes differentes?

Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa, i exemplaire 3". Perkins, iv. 1892. — Kauai, Makavk^eli,
3000 pieds, [ exemplaire ?, 1897.

(3) Armadillo perkinsi, sp. nov.

Corps peu convexe, un peu deprime lateralement, ponctue et couvert de granu-
lations assez fortes mais obtuses, disposees en rangees transversales assez confuses
sur les trois premiers segments, au nombre de deux sur les quatre derniers segments
pereiaux ; les granulations sont presqu'effacees sur le pleon. — Cephalon muni anterieure-
ment de deux forts tubercules, depassant la ligne frontale, celle-ci est presque droite,
un peu inflechie au centre ; epistome a relief a peine sensible ; clypeus court et peu
large a processus lateraux peu developpes ; yeux moyens, environ 16 ocelles ; fouet des
antennes a premier article trois fois plus court que le second. — Pereion : les deux
premiers segments ne presentent aucune duplicature coxale distincte. — Pleon, Telson :
Processus lateraux des segments du pleon peu divergents ; pleotelson un peu plus long
que large, a bord posterieur egalant la moitie de la base ; uropodes a base allongee,
etroite, a endopodite atteignant aux f du pleotelson, a exopodite assez developpe, situe
vers la moitie du cote interne de la base.

Couleur : ambre avec taches irregulieres brunes et rougeatres. — Dimensions : 7 y- I'k
millimetres.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 pieds, iv. 1894, un exempl. $.

(4) Armadillo danae, sp. nov.

Corps peu convexe, un peu deprime lateralement, ponctue et presentant anterieure-
ment des granulations espacees tres-obtuses, qui s'effacent posterieurement. — Cephalon
muni anterieurement d'un relief (non bi-tubercule comme dans I'espece precedente),
formant processus frontal et qui est borde anterieurement par une ligne marginee
distincte, dedoublement de la ligne marginee frontale qui est un peu inflechie au centre ;
epistome a relief peu sensible ; clypeus court et peu large, a processus lateraux peu

CRUSTACEA 523

developpes ; yeux assez petits, environ 1 2 ocelles ; fouet des antennes a premier article
pres de trois fois plus court que le second.— Pereion : les deux premiers segments ne
presentent aucune duplicature coxale distincte.— Pleon, Telson : Processus lateraux des
segments peu divergents, ceux du ^' segment a bord posterieur un peu sinueux;
pleotelson un peu plus long que large, a sommet depassant en largeur la moitie de la
base; uropodes peu obliques, a cote interne sinueux, endopodite depassant les | du
pleotelson, exopodite petit, situe vers les f du bord interne de la base.

Couleur : ambre avec taches irregulieres brunes.— Dimensions : 7 x i\ millimetres.

Hab. Kauai, Makaweli, 3000 pieds, 1897.

(5) Armadillo s/iarpi, sp. nov.

Corps assez convexe, finement ponctue, presentant anterieurement des tubercules
obtus et sur le bord posterieur de chaque segment une rangee de granulations dont la
mediane est la plus accentuee, donnant un aspect vaguement carene a la ligne mediane
du corps. Cephalon : le front presente un processus large, analogue a celui de I'espece
pr^cedente mais plus accentue encore, limite comme lui par un dedoublement de la
marge frontale ; epistome a relief peu sensible ; clypeus court et peu large, a processus
lateraux peu developpes ; yeux moyens, environ 1 2 ocelles ; fouet des antennes a
premier article 2^ fois plus court que le second. — Pereion : les deux premiers segments
ne presentent aucune duplicature coxale distincte. — Pleon, Telson : processus lateraux
des segments du pleon peu divergents ; pleotelson un peu plus long que large, a sommet
depassant en largeur la moitie de la base ; uropodes peu obliques, endopodite depassant
les |- du pleotelson, exopodite petit, situe a une petite distance du sommet, sur le bord
interne de la base.

Couleur: gris presqu'uniforme, avec quelques petites taches plus claires. — Di-
mensions : 7 X 3:1: millimetres.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 pieds, viii. 1896, un exemplaire ?.

Ces trois dernieres especes sont tres-voisines de \ Armadillo bifrons B. L., de
Rockhampton (Australie), qui se rapproche d! A. perkinsi par le processus frontal
bitubercule et ^A. sharpi par les granulations qui donnent a la partie mediane du
corps un aspect carene. — Ces especes, auxquelles il faut joindre sans doute A. nigrinus
B. L. (indique avec doute comme provenant du Cap(?)), — et peut-etre A. {Spherillo)
spinosus, Dana, de la Nouvelle-Zdande, forment une section bien nette du grand genre
Armadillo, caracterisee par I'absence de parties coxales distinctes sur les deux premiers
segments pereiaux. Un autre caractere que je mets en evidence sur les trois especes
Hawaiennes etudiees ci-dessus est presente par la disposition du front qui presente
anterieurement un relief bien accentue, soit bitubercule comme dans A. perkinsi, soit
continu comme dans A. danae et A. sharpi ; la marge frontale parait se dedoubler vers
F. H. II. 68

524

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

le tiers de son parcours en une ligne posterieure qui delimite le bord anterieur un peu
inflechi de I'epistome, et une ligne anterieure qui suit le relief frontal ; toutefois dans
A. perki7isi, cette ligne anterieure n'est pas nette ; les deux forts tubercules qui forment
le relief frontal appartiennent certainement a la portion cephalique tergale et ne parais-
sent etre qu'un acheminement a la disposition qu'offrent les deux autres especes ou
la jonction entre le relief frontal et I'epistome parait plus complete ; la ligne posterieure,
qui delimite ce dernier, semble meme s'attenuer encore plus dans A. sharpi que dans
les deux autres especes.

A. perkinsi.

A. danae.

A. sharpi.

PoRCELLio Latr.
(i) Porcellio laevis Latreille.
Hab. Lanai, 2000 pieds, Perkins, 1892.

(2) Porcellio scaber Latreille.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Perkins, 1892.

Cette espece, si commune dans I'Europe et meme I'Amerique septentrionale, avait
ete trouvee en grande abondance dans certains pays temperes et froids de I'hemisphere
sud. — On ne I'a signalee que tres-exceptionnellement en quelques localites des regions
chaudes ; c'est la premiere fois quelle a ete rencontree a Hawaii.

Alloniscus Dana,
(i) Alloniscus floresiamis Dollfus.

Hab. Lanai, Monts Koele, i. 1894.

Nous avions decrit cette espece d'apres des exemplaires recueillis par le prof. Max
Weber, a Sikka (Flores) {Isop. terr. des Indes Neerland., dans Zool. Ergebn. einer
Reise in Niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. iv. 1898, p. 374). \J Alloniscus d'Hawaii est bien
identique a celui de Flores ; il est done probable qu'il faut lui assigner une assez grande
extension.

CRUSTACEA 525

Philoscia Latr.

(i) ? Philoscia angiisticaiida, Budde-Lund.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 a 3000 pieds, ix. 1892. — Oahu ; Mts. Kaala, 2000
pieds, III. 1893 ; Honolulu, 2000 pieds, ix. 1892 ; Mts. Waianae, iv. 1892.

C'est avec un certain doute que nous rapportons les exemplaires de Hawaii a
I'espece decrite par Budde-Lund d'apres des exemplaires de Borneo (Crust. Isop.
terrestria, p. 216), mais il ne nous est pas possible de Ten differencier nettement.

Nous avions deja remarque (Zool. Ergebn. p. 377) que certaines especes des Indes
Neerlandaises, notamment Ph. truncata Dollfus et Ph. variegata Dollfus, provenant
de Celebes (nee Ph. variegata Dollfus, du Venezuela, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1893),
etaient tres-voisines de Ph. angusticauda. Nous croyons qu'il faudra les identifier
aussi avec I'espece de Borneo.

Geoligia Dollfus.

J'ai etabli en 1893 (Isop. rec. par M. E. Simon au Venezuela, d. Ann. Soc. Ent.
France), sous le nom de Geoligia, un genre de Ligiens fonde sur un exemplaire tres-
interessant decouvert par M. Eug. Simon au Venezuela, dans les forets, vers 1200
metres d'altitude. J'indiquais comme caractere permettant de distinguer ce genre
terrestre du genre Ligia qui parait eminemment maritime, I'absence complete de separa-
tion des coxopodites (ou epimeres) qui sont au contraire bien distincts chez Ligia.

(i) Geoligia perkinsi, sp. nov.

Corps ovale, lisse. — Cephalon arrondi anterieurement ; parties laterales formant un
processus triangulaire ; epistome muni d'une ligne transversale en relief assez accentu^
mais non flexueux ; clypeus tres-court et large ; labre tres-developpe ; yeux occupant
environ § de la largeur du cephalon, pareils a ceux des Ligia ; antennes longues, a
fouet plus long que la tige, forme d'environ 27 articles ; antennules tres-petites, a
premier article large. — Pereion : les segments 2 a 7, munis lat^ralement d'un leger
sillon, se terminent par un angle aigu ; I'incurvation posterieure du segment va en
s'accentuant du 2*= au f segment ; la separation des coxopodites (epimeres), non distincte
sur le premier segment, est indiquee par une ligne a peine visible sur les segments
suivants.— Pleon : angles postero-lat<;raux des segments pleonaux tres-aigus ; pleopodes
de la premiere paire (<?) a endopodite bien developpe, styliforme et exopodite large et

68—2

526 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

court ; ceux de la 2^ paire a endopodite extremement long et se terminant en massue.
■ — Pleotelson a bord posterieur muni de 5 dents obtuses, rappelant la forme de celui de
Ligia exotica ; uropodes tres-longs, article basilaire beaucoup plus long que le pleotelson,
appendices filiformes, artiadds, I'exopodite plus long que I'article basilaire, tri-articule,
I'endopodite tres-grele, deux fois plus long que I'exopodite, sex-articule.

Couleur : gris verdatre pale, muni sur tout le corps de tres-petits points pigmentes
noirs, sauf sur les lineoles qui s'observent de part et d'autre de la ligne mediane. —
Dimensions : longueur (J* et $) 16 a 17 millimetres ; largeur 6, 5 a 7 millimetres.

Hab. Hawaii, Lihue, un exemplaire $ (avec un uropode complet), 2000 pieds, vii.
1896; Olaa, 2000 pieds, ix. 1896; Hilo, 2000 pieds, i. 1896. — Kauai, Monts Waimea,
4000 pieds, VI. 1894; Koholuamano, 4000 pieds, v. 1895.

Les exemplaires recueillis par M. Perkins a Hawaii, egalement a une assez grande
altitude, et qui me paraissent devoir etre unis generiquement a Geoligia simoni, m'ont
permis de constater que dans I'espece d'Hawaii, la ligne de separation entre les
coxopodites et le somite, nulle sur le premier segment, existe sur les segments suivants,
mais elle est a peine distincte. Les appendices des uropodes sont articules ; ce dernier
caractere est tres-remarquable ; il nous a ete malheureusement impossible de constater
s'il existait aussi dans Geoligia simoni, les uropodes du seul exemplaire qui ait ete
recueilli jusqu'a present etant incomplets.

Nous devons done etablir la caracteristique du genre ainsi qu'il suit :
Coxopodites (epimeres) non ou tres-peu distincts. Appendices des uropodes
articules. — Le reste, et notamment les parties buccales, comme dans le genre Ligia. —
Especes terrestres.

Bibliographie (ouvrages cites).

Dana, James D. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842.
Crustacea, Part 11 (Philadelphia 1852).

BuDDE-LuND, Gust. Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per familias et genera et species descripta. Hauniae
1885.

DoLLFUS, Adrien. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (1887— 1888). Isopodes terrestres (.-\nn.

See. ent. France, 1893, PP- 339—346, pis. 9, 10).
. Isopodes terrestres des Indes Neerlandaises (Zoolog. Ergebn. einer Reise in Niederland. Ost-

Indien, Band iv. Leiden, 1898, pp. 359 — 382, pis. xin — xv).

527

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA. ^'^S'

■ O

By Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing.

Fam. TALITRIDAE.

Gen. Orchestia Leach.

Orchcstia plat ens is Krdyer.

Plate XXI. A.

1845. Orchestia platensis Kroyer, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Sen 2, vol. i.
PP- 304 — "o'^o, pi. 2, fig. 2, a— i.

Kroyer's specimens were taken on a rocky margin of the river Plate just
north-west of Montevideo. The agility with which the animal skips, he says, is so
great that it is pretty difficult to catch it. Specimens apparently belonging to this
species have been entrusted to me by the authorities of the Copenhagen Museum. The
labels show that these examples were taken at the Bermudas, at St Croix (West
Indies), and at Beloxi (Mississippi, U.S.A.). Specimens of Orchestia agilis S. I. Smith,
from the east coast of the United States, have been given me by my friends, Canon
Norman and Mr S. J. Holmes. These also in my opinion should be included in
Kroyer's species.

Now, after much hesitation, I feel constrained to increase its range by applying
the name to the specimens taken by Mr Perkins at an elevation of 3000 feet and
2000 feet respectively in the Sandwich Islands. At the greater height there was but
one example, labelled " Kona, Hawaii." The others were labelled " Oahu " and
" Honolulu," and " Lanai." Others were labelled, without specifying elevation,
" Waianae Mts., Oahu, shrimps in dead wood."

The eastern specimens differ to a slight degree from the western in having the
second antennae more slender, with flagella not always limited to thirteen or fourteen
joints, one of the female specimens having twenty-three, and one of the males twenty-
four joints ; also the first gnathopods of the male have the distal part of the sixth joint

528 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

less conspicuously widened, nor can I guarantee that the armature of spines on the
uropods is precisely the same in both forms.

In the second gnathopods of the male the large oval sixth joint has a smoothly convex
palmar margin, bordered with submarginal spinules. Round this the long finger curves,
closely fitting it, but laying its apical part within a long groove which succeeds the
palmar margin. Kroyer, it should be observed, neither figures nor describes this apical
part of the finger, which is membranaceous in appearance, slender, but not very acute
at the point. According to Kroyer the telson is at the apex flatly rounded off or nearly
truncate. In the specimens which 1 have examined in this respect it is minutely
emarginate.

The peraeopods are without specially dilated joints. The second joint of the
fourth peraeopods is much more narrowly oval than that of the fifth pair; the second
joint of the latter has its hind margin rather strongly serrate. The first pair of uropods
have the outer ramus free from spines except at the apex, but this character is common
to various other species in the family.

Length reaching 12 mm.

Orchestia pickeringii Dana.

Plate XXI. B.

1S53. Orchestia pickeringii Dana, U. S. Exploring Exp., Crustacea, pt. 2,
p. 882, pi. 59, f. 9 a — f

Dana, at p. 1595 of his great work, states that 'the locality of Orchestia
pickeringii, was Kauai or Oahu, Sandwich Islands.' He does not give any further
detail as to the habitat. Stimpson records it from California, without comment. The
specimens obtained by Mr Perkins are labelled " Honolulu. Oahu. 2000 ft." They
were taken on the same date and at the same height as specimens of Orchestia platensis.
and the question suggested itself whether by chance the two species might be identical.
There is considerable general resemblance, but that perhaps is only as much as to say
that both are species of Orchestia. The idea of uniting them is, 1 think, untenable.

The second gnathopod of the male has a very large sixth joint, the sloping palmar
margin ot which is in these specimens diversified b\- two spinulose projections, in
correspondence with which the strongly curved finger has a very sinuous inner margin,
its apex entering a small pocket or groove of the somewhat flattened hind margin of the
sixth joint. Dana describes the palm as having two very low prominences near base of
finger, whereas these are very marked, and one of them is remote from the base of the
finger. But an Oahu specimen from the Copenhagen Museum and an Australian
specimen from the Australian Museum, show modifications approximating to Dana's

AMPHIPODA 529

form. These have the inner margin of the finger smoothly concave. In Dana's figure
the finger has a sHght convexity near the base, and also has a produced apex, corres-
ponding with a long groove in the sixth joint, which in a manner recall the same
features in Orchestia platensis.

Dana gives the fjagellum of the first antennae three-jointed. This variable feature
has sometimes five joints. The ultimate and penultimate joints of the peduncle of the
second antennae are much stouter than in any of the specimens referred to Orchestia
platensis, and yet the flagella are not more than fourteen-jointed. It seems unlikely
that the larger and more strongly armed male should have a shorter flagellum than a
less highly developed male of the same species. The specimens referred to Orchestia
pickeringii have the fourth and fifth joints of the fifth peraeopods, though not dilated,
thickened in a way not exhibited by the other set. This, however, might be a
character of advanced maturity.

Length reaching 14 mm.

One female specimen, 12 '5 mm. long, which I am inclined to refer to this species,
differs from those of the same sex referred to Orchestia platensis in rather superior bulk,
and also in having a distal boss on the fourth joint of the second gnathopods, agreeing
in that respect with Dana's figure of the limb in question in Parorchestia haivaiensis, $.
From that species it is completely distinguished by the short, few-jointed, upper
antennae.

Gen. Parorchestla., Stebbing.

1899. Parorchestia Stebbing, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. vii, pt. 8, pp. 397,

402.
This genus was instituted to receive three of Dana's species of Orchestia, namely,
temiis, haivaiensis, and sylvicola.

Parorchestia haivaiensis Dana.

Plate XXI. C.

1853. Orchestia haivaiensis Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 880,

pi. 59, f. 8 a— g.
1899. Parorchestia haivaiensis Stebbing, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. vii,

pt. 8, p. 402.
Dana's description and figures of this species, obtained at ' Oahu or Kauai,
Hawaiian Islands,' refer only to the female. Specimens of both sexes obtained by Mr
Perkins were labelled as coming from " Koholuamano, Kauai," and from " Waianae
Mts., Oahu." It has also been taken by Dr Arthur Willey at Lifu.

530 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

From the species of Orchcstia above discussed the present species is separated by
many particulars in addition to the minute distinction on which the genus Parorchestia
is founded.

(/. The upper antennae extend along at least two-thirds of the last joint of the
peduncle of the lower antennae. The second joint of the peduncle is longer than the
first, the third as long as the first plus the second ; the flagellum of nine joints is as
long as the peduncle.

The lower antennae are slender, the penultimate joint of the peduncle more than
twice as long as the preceding joint, and the ultimate as long as both of these together;
the flagellum of twenty-one joints is as long as the peduncle or rather longer. As
usual, these dimensions and numbers are subject to some variation.

The upper lip appears to be rather wider and shorter than in Orchcstia, but no
tangible differences could be discerned in mandibles, lower lip, and the two pairs of
maxillae. The maxillipeds differ from those of Orc/iesfni platensis in having both the
inner and outer plates smaller, the first and second joints of the palp less expanded,
the third joint with less convex margins, as well as in possessing a distinct though
minute fourth joint ; also the spinules on the various joints are fewer and more
scattered, none being seen on the outer margin of the inner plate, while on the other
hand the outermost spine-tooth on its distal margin is exceptionally large.

The first gnathopods are slight, the fourth joint having a sort of boss or distal
expansion of the hind margin ; the fifth joint widens gradually to the rounded distal end,
and the sixth is rather similarly expanded, the small finger not quite reaching the
extremity of the palmar margin, which is not at all oblique.

The second gnathopods have the sixth joint massive, broadly oval, the palmar
margin oblique, not strongly convex, ending in a small groove or pocket, to receive the
apex of the finger. The inner margin of the finger is slightly irregular, at its base not
fitting exactly the palmar margin, while its apex has a membranaceous aspect as in
Orchcstia platensis.

The uropods scarcely differ in any important particular from those of the above-
named Orchcstia, but the telson has a truncate apex, with a spinule at each corner, two
smaller ones in between them, and two on each side above them.

Length 13 mm.

Except in regard to the two pairs of gnathopods and the purely sexual characters,
the male and female have close resemblance. Dana's figures of the female are unfortu-
nately very poorly reproduced in the Catalogue of the Amphipodous Crustacea in the
British Museum, 1862, a work which might have been of extreme value, had the plates
been executed with sufficient care to make them trustworthy.

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty

Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by

Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the

University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 12s. 6d. each.

PART I. 1898.

The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.
Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER.

With 6 figures in the text.
On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.
Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK.

With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK.

With Plates X.— XI.

PART II. 1899.

Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.
Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.
Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A.

With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A.

With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Sohtary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc.

With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III. 1899.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV.— XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab.

With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. 1900.

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. Stanley

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. Borradaile, MA., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham.

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA RoscoE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera willeyaiia, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. Lister, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. Hiles, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

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531

Supplement by G. W. Kirkaldy

HEMIPTERA.

Vide pp. 93 — 174 hujus operis torn. in'.

This second contribution deals principally with the Auchenorrhynchous Homo-
ptera ; I have, however, added species of the Heteroptera etc. described since 1902, as
well as new species and notes on previously known forms.

The total number of the Hemiptera so far described from the Hawaiian Islands
is 305, or, if we exclude the 63 determined species of Coccidae, Aleyrodidae and
Aphidae, which greatly swell the non-endemic total, 242. Of these 226 are not
known elsewhere, though I have grave doubts as to the endemicity of some of them.

The Hemipterous fauna is now seen to lack representatives in many of the most
important families, only the following six containing undoubtedly endemic forms, viz.
Myodochidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Anthocoridae, Miridae and Acanthiidae, among the
26 recognized Heteropterous families, and by four only of the 14 Homopterous families,
viz. Tettigoniidae, Fulgoridae, Asiracidae and Chermidae, that is to say, by 10 out of
40, or exactly one-fourth ! But this scanty representation is still better shown by the
fact that out of these ten, only seven are represented by more than ten species each,
and that none contain more than one subfamily, except the Myodochidae, which have
an endemic subfamily, Metrarginae.

Although there are several species still to be described, I think that all but a very
few genera have been accounted for.

In the Cimicinae, Oechalia and Coleotichus are possibly endemic, as regards their
species, but, on the other hand, these may very possibly be found in Samoa or Tahiti,
the endemic Hemipterous fauna of which is unknown.

' I regret that I have to announce the decease of Mr Kirkaldy, which has occurred while these pages
have been in the press, so that they have not had the benefit of his revision. The residence of Mr Kirkaldy
in the islands for some years, induced a change in his views on numerous points, so that the alterations in
this supplement are of considerable extent and importance. The species with a number prefixed are not
hitherto enumerated in the Fauna, and are practically additions, though some were described previous to
Mr Kirkaldy's first treatment of the subject. Editor.

F. H. II. 69

532 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The following is a list of the families represented endemically in these Islands :
Myodochidae, with Metrarginae and Cyminae ; Nabidae; Reduviidae with
Ploiariinae only; Anthocoridae ; Miridae ; Acanthiidae ; Tettigoniidae ; with the
tribe Phrynomorphini only; Fulgoridae, with Cixiinae only; Asiracidae; and
Chermidae.

Cimicidae. Excluding an undoubted introduction, we have three species that are
not known elsewhere, but may occur in Samoa or some other Pacific Island.

Urolabididae and Aradidae are entirely absent.

Lygaeidae. Excluding an undoubted introduction, we have Ithaniar, which will
probably be found elsewhere.

Myodochidae. In the Metrarginae, we have an apparently endemic subfamily,
which however may occur in Samoa and other islands. Nysms has between 20 and 30
species, all the endemic ones being arboreal. I think all the latter could have
originated from one immigrant. Sephora and Nesocymns are, I think, endemic, but
possibly not. Reclada I do not know, and, I think, it is not endemic.

Pyrrhocoridae and Tingidae are entirely absent endemically, as also Gerridae,
Enicocephalidae, Nepidae and Macrocephalidae.

Nabidae are well represented by more than 20 endemic species. Milu is doubtless
a direct offshoot of a Reduviohis like sharpianus. The endemic Reduviolus proper are
arboreal, but their offshoot Nesotyphlias are found on the ground under dead leaves etc.
and on tree-ferns.

Reduviidae are represented endemically only by the slender, long-legged Ploiariinae,
of which I have recorded seven species ; one of these is however probably not endemic.

Anthocoridae have six or more endemic forms.

Clinocoridae, Polyctenidae and Dipsocoridae are absent.

Miridae require a revision with more material, and there is a considerable number
of species undescribed. Siilamita, Kalania, Pseudoclerada and Kavieha^neha are
interesting endemic genera. Tichorhinus and Sarona seem to be the dominant forms.

Acanthiidae are represented by five or more endemic species of Acanthia, which
are very variable in colour and pattern and need fresh study with more material. The
other families of the Notonectoidea are not represented endemically.

In the Homoptera, Cicadidae, Cercopidae and Membracidae are absent, as also
(endemically) Aphidae, Aleyrodidae and Coccidae. Tettigoniidae are represented
by the endemic Nesophrosyne with a large number of forms, extremely variable
and difficult to limit, by NesopJiryne (one to four species) also apparently endemic,
and by one or two other forms in the same tribe (Phrynomorphini) also possibly
endemic.

HEMIPTERA

533

FuLGORiDAE consist only of Cixiini, in two genera, the endemic lolania (several
species, only one yet described) and the cosmopolitan Oliarus, with several endemic
forms.

AsiRACiDAE are well represented and comprise several endemic genera and a large
number of species.

PoEKiLLOPTERiDAE, IssiDAE, Tettigometridae and Derbidae are absent, the first
named having a single immigrant.

Chermidae are rather numerous, but very variable, and scarcely studied.

My thanks are due to the following gentlemen : to Dr R. C. L. Perkins for loan
of specimens and much help in various ways ; to Mr W. M. Giffard for the gift of his
valuable Hemipterous collections made in various localities, but principally on Mt.
Tantalus, Oahu ; and to my colleagues Messrs F. W. Terry and O. H. Swezey, for
specimens.

Heteroptera

For a sketch of the classification of the Heteroptera see Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw.
E. S. I. 135 et seqq. ; and 1908, Can. Ent. xl.

Fam. CIMICIDAE.

Oechalia.

As stated elsewhere, P. Haw. E. S. i. pp. 141 — 3, I feel certain that there are
two valid species of this genus, as there are two kinds of ova ; at the same time I do
not believe that the synonymy already given is incorrect.

Oechalia grisea, Burmeister.

Oe. griseus, huj. op. in. p. 171.

I have described some of the stages and figured an egg. Dr Perkins writes in
reference to other remarks in that paper, "You give a wrong impression as Oechalia
often swarms in Myoporum, Acacia koa and many others. I have seen hundreds in
a few yards of sugar cane and it is often very common near the coast and even in the
outskirts of Honolulu on foreign vegetation. The whole remark certainly gives no
idea of the ubiquity of this very abundant bug. It is on nearly all native trees, both in
egg and other stages, as well as on low vegetation." Recently, I have taken it at
Kilauea (Hawaii) on Myoporum, Acacia koa and ferns.

69 — 2

534 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

C. blackburniae.

C. blackburniae, huj. op. iii. p. 172.

I have described and figured the ova, and described the nymphal stages (1907,
op. cit. p. 144, figs. 2 — 4). Dr Perkins writes " I have seen it swarming near the
coast on Dodonaea as well as in the mountains. I never saw it on Koa in anything
like such numbers as on Dodonaea. The latter covers acres of land where is no Koa.
The fact is it is partial to ' pods ' and ' capsules ' and the tree itself is of minor
consideration, if it bears these." Maui should be added to the list of islands.

[Van Duzee (1905, Bull. Amer. Mus. xxr. 207) has cited Piezodorus rubrofasciatus
as a Hawaiian Insect, but in error. See Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 172 and 187.
Oshanin has given these islands as a habitat of Carpocoris ptidicus van fuscispina, also
in error.]

Subfam. CYDNINAE.

Geotomus pygmaeus Dallas.

G. pygmaeus, huj. op. iii. p. 172.

This little species is common under dried cow-dung, and under stones. It is
nocturnal, coming to "light" in the evenings. Add Kauai and Lanai to the islands.

Fam. LYGAEIDAE.

Ithamai' hawaiiensis Kirkaldy.

/. hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 1 70.

Dr Perkins writes, " this species is not attached to Sida, it abounds on Molokai at
3000 ft. on other plants, and at the Volcano (Kilauea), and as high as 8000 — 10,000 ft.
on Haleakala. You refer merely to the coast-line." It has been common in Kaimuki
this year (1908) on Sida cordifolia, but is attacked by Zelus refiardii. I have briefly
described the eggs and first nymphal instar (1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 149). Add
Hawaii to the islands.

This species, although unknown elsewhere, must be a recent introduction as it was
not taken by Blackburn who would certainly have collected it near Honolulu had it
been here then.

Rhopalus hyalinus, Fabr.

R. hyalinus, huj. op. iii. p. 1 70.

I have described the ova and nymphs (1907, op. cit. pp. 146 — 8). This has been
common this year on Sida cordifolia in Kaimuki, as well as on Sonchus oleraceus, its
more natural food plant. It feeds also on Euphorbia cordata and is preyed on by Zelus
renardii. Add Kauai to the islands.

HEMIPTERA 535

Fam. MYODOCHIDAE.
Metrarga.

Metrarga, huj. op. in. p. 165.

I have recently founded two subgenera in this, viz. Nesocryptias and Nesocliniacias
(1908, P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 189).

The forms now known are :

a. typical subgenus :

M. nuda (F. H. in. p. 165) typically apparently an Oahuan species, with

var. mauiensis (1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 188).
M. obscura (F. H. iii. p. 166) ; I have recently taken this at Kilauea, Hawaii,

on Ohia lehua i^Nani polyniorpha).

b. subg. Nesocliniacias.

contractu (F. H. in. p. 166); with vas. picea (1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 188).

(i) lanaiensis (1908, 1. c), sp. n.

c. subg. Nesocryptias.
villosa (F. H. in. p. 167).

Dr Perkins writes me that the species of Metrarga are " certainly not bark-
dwellers, unless as a rare and exceptional case."

Sephora crinigera White.

SepJwra criniger, huj. op. in. p. 161. See also Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent.
XXXIX. p. 244.

Nesomartis.
Nesomartis Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. p. 245.

(i) Nesoviartis psammophila Kirkaldy.
Nesomartis psammophila' Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c.

Hab. Oahu, "on the coast on the ground amongst Sida" grass etc., and
"Hawaii, Kona coast in similar situations" (Perkins). Probably introduced.

Nesocymus.

Nesocy^nus, Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c.

Apparently allied to Cymoninus Breddin, but there is no percurrent main vein on
the corium, at least not one at all which " teilt das Corium in zwei annahernd gleiche
Telle," and while the corium is partly punctured, partly smooth, it is the middle oblique

SS6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

third which is punctured, almost all the rest being smooth ; moreover, the clavus is
closely punctured. The first segment of the antennae is distinctly longer than the long
diameter of an eye and extends beyond the clypeus. The third and fourth segments
are about equally long. The impressed line on the pronotum is situated about the
middle (as stated on p. 245 ; a misprint occurs on p. 244 in the table).

Nesocymus calvus. White.

Sephora calvus, Kirkaldy, 1902, F. H. in. 162.

Nesocymus calvus, Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. 245.

Hab. Oahu, at roots of herbage in the mountains, from 1500 — 2000 ft. (Perkins).
At the top of Tantalus (Perkins, Gififard). One of Giffard's specimens has the second
and third segments of the right antenna coalesced and shortened, a comparatively
common occurrence in the Cymini.

Nvsius Dallas (huj. op. in. p. 162).

In the ensuing descriptions, I have, owing partly to the fact that several species
are represented only by one or two carded specimens, paid no attention to the bucculae,
structures considered by Stal to be so important, but have used other characters which
appear to me better for specific differentiation. The form of the metapleura, utilized
here for subgenera, is considered by Stal and later authors as of generic importance, in
other Cyminae, but I cannot regard it as such in Nysius. Orsillus, distinguished
among other things by the armed fore femora, has the labium passing beyond the hind
coxae, Nysius being separated by the same authors by the unarmed femora and shorter
labium. I cannot, however, regard the length of the labium here as a generic character.

I have therefore united all the species now described, in a single genus Nysius,
but have separated off two subgenera, Oceanides and Neseis.

It is unfortunate that I have not seen the types of the species proposed by
Blackburn and White, and that I am unable to identify ten of them. Most of them
were recorded from Kilauea, Hawaii, a locality rather closely investigated on several
occasions by Dr Perkins and Messrs Swezey and GifTard, as well as by myself.

Conspectus quaruTndam speciei^ufn hawaiiensium.

I. Metapleura postice satis rotundatim emarginata, angulo exterolaterali nonnihil

prominente, margine postica late reflexa (2).

\a. Metapleura postice truncata, plerumque anguste, interdum late, reflexa;

labium post coxas posticas extensum [subj. Cr^a«/«^« HOV.,

nimbato typo].

Labium ad metasternum extensum (3).

Labium ad coxas posticas extensum (6).

2(7.

HEMIPTERA

537

2t>. Labium post coxas posticas extensum; callositas pronoti flavescens; pro-

notum antice ad margines laterales subito rotundatum [subj, Neseis nov.]

28 monticola nov.

3. Species pubescentia satis fortiter vestita 7 delectus White'.

3a. Species glabrae, nitidae iA.

4. Callositas pronoti nigrescens (5).

4a. Callositas pronoti pallida i saundersianus Kirkaldy^

5. Color ex parte maxima fuscescens vel nigrescens 2 Mauiensis Blackburn.

5a. Color ex parte maxima pallida 8 hylaeus nov.

6. Species pubescentia vestitae (7).

6a. Species glabrae, nitidae ; vel pubescentia minutissime vestitae (9).

7. Longitudo ultra 7 mm 9 Kamehameha Kirkaldy.

la. Longitudo 4 — 4! mm (8).

8. Supra pallidior ; femora postica pallida, fuscomaculata 10 coenosulus StSl".

8a. Nigrescens ; femora postica nigrescentia 12 Itchenicola nov.

g. Caput flavescens, ex parte leviter brunneosufifusum 13 ochriasis Kirkaldy.

9a. Caput nigrum (10).

10. Femora postica pallida, brunneomaculata 14 insu/ko/a nov.

10a. Femora postica pallida, immaculata, apice roseosuffuso 15 sitvestris nov.

11. Pronotum nigrum, maculis pallidis tribus parvis ad marginem posticam

ornatum 16 oresitrophus nov.

i\a. Pronotum rufescens vel brunneoflavescens, areis laevigatis nigris vel nigre-

scentibus vel fuscescentibus (12)-

1 2. Vertex linea rufescente mediana longitudinali ornatus 17 tiubico/a nov.^

1 2a. Vertex niger, vix maculatus (13)-

13. Tegmina baud maculata vel ad marginem apicalem corii prope medium

brunnep-notata, interdum fortius maculata. Pedes pallidiores, leviter

maculatae 19 nimbaius nov. ^

13a. Tegmina fortiter fusconotata. Pedes magis fuscatae (14)-

14. Labii segmentum primum post marginem apicalem prosterni extensum (15).

14(2. Labii segmentum primum baud ad capitis basim extensum 24 oribasus nov.

15. Species glabra, vel sparsissime pubescens 26 montivagus nov.

15a. Species pubescens 25 insulivagus nov.

Nysius saundersianus Kirkaldy.

Nysius saundersianus Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 163.

I recorded this formerly from Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii ; Mr Giffard has since
taken it on the former island, Koele Mts., 2000 ft. (Oct. cf. Giffard, 1908, P. Haw.
E. S. I. 180).

The pronotal callosity is pale, and extends from one lateral margin to the other ;
the lateral margins are somewhat sinuate.

' Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinet N. dallasi White, species mihi incognita.

* Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinent N. arboricola White, N. longicol/is White, iV. whitei
Blackburn, species mihi incognitae.

' Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinet N. hlackbur>n White, species mihi incognita.

* Prope banc speciem pertinet verisimiliter N. iwmorivagus White.

* Prope banc speciem pertinent verisimiliter N. rnbescens, nitidiis, pteridicola, vulcan White

538 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Nysius mauiensis Blackburn.

Nysius mauiensis Blackburn, 1888, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii.

I have identified a number of specimens as this species, but am hampered by the
fact that I do not know N. arboricola, with which Blackburn compares it. The length
of the labium is not stated, but I suppose it to be as in A^. arboricola.

This species seems somewhat variable, the antennae being feebly ringed, con-
spicuously so, or almost entirely fuscate ; the tegmina are in some specimens principally
pale, in others principally dark.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 4500 ft. (Blackburn), 5000 ft. (Mar., Apr., Perkins). —
Lanai, 2000 ft. (Jan., Sept., Perkins), 3000 ft. (Feb., Perkins). — Hawaii, Kona, 4000 ft.
(Aug., Perkins); Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Perkins).

(2) Nysius arboricola White.

Nysius arboricola F. B. White, 1878, A. M. N. H. (5) i. 368.
I do not know this species. Blackburn took it "high up in the mountainous
district," i.e. of Oahu, probably Mt. Tantalus.

(3) Nysius whitei Blackburn.

Nysius whitei Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 346.

This was obtained from Hawaii, Mauna loa, abt. 4000 ft. (Feb.). I do not
know it.

(4) Nysius longicollis Blackburn.
Nysius longicollis Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 344.
This was obtained on Oahu. I do not know it.

(5) Nysius dallasi White.
Nysius dallasi F. B. White, 1878, op. cit. 367.

This was taken on Oahu, near Nuuanu Pali. It is probably an introduced form
near N. delectus, but I have been unable to determine it, though it may be the species
I incorrectly, according to Dr Bergroth, determined previously as A^. vinitor Bergroth.

(6) Nysius delectus White.

Nysius delectus F. B. White, 1878, op. cit. 367 ; Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw.
E. S. I. 152.

An introduced form, widely distributed ; near the coast it is common on
Bidens pilosa.

Hab. Apparently on all the islands at almost all elevations ; not arboreal.

HEMIPTERA

539

(7) Nysins kylaetis, sp. nov.

Pale yellowish testaceous, glabrous. Vertex with some dark markings, principally
longitudinal, which vary in situation and depth of colour, in the three specimens before
me. Second and third (except extreme apex), a spot on fourth, and the whole of the
fourth segment of antennae, blackish brown (in one example, second and third paler).
Eyes red-brown. Ocelli red. Pronotum with a short, oblique, subpyriform, laevigate,
black spot on each side of the middle, not nearly reaching the lateral margins of the
pronotum. Pronotum closely punctured, punctures mostly nearly colourless, except on
and near the apical margin. Postero-lateral angle in some examples dark, also the
hind margin is soiled in some. Scutellum similarly punctured, a blackish spot on the
anterior half in the middle. Sterna dark brown, polished ; pleura closely punctured,
a little darkly suffused in part ; hind margin of metapleura pale, not punctured.
Tegmina rather feebly mottled with brownish grey, apical margin of corium in some
examples more darkly so, apical angle in some blackish brown. Membrane hyaline,
mottled with brown. Femora with a subapical dark brown ring, tinged with rose
apical of this. Abdominal sternites tinged with rose, a sublateral black blotch on basal
half (this is somewhat variable). Antennae with the first segment extending just
beyond apex of vertex, second slightly longer than the third, and slightly shorter than
the clavate fourth. Labium reaching to metasternum. Pronotum with the lateral
margins very slightly sinuate, not much wider basally than apically, toothed minutely
at the antero-lateral angle. $ not remarkable. $ 5th sternite apically obtusangulate,
6th acutangulate. Length 45 mm.

Hab. Kauai, high plateau (Aug., Perkins), Waimea Mts., 4000 ft. (May, Perkins).

This species is easily recognized among the pale glabrous forms by the short,
pyriform, laevigate areas on the pronotum.

Nysius kantehameha Kirkaldy.

Nysiiis kamehameha Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 164.

Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 5000 ft. (Aug., Perkins).

I have seen no specimens beyond the carded type of this, for a Nysius, handsome
species. The labium extends practically as far as the hind coxae. The tegmina are
parallel for about one-seventh of their length, thence gently rounded. The exterior
half of the metapleura black, the hind margin and the interior half, together with the
orifice, pale.

F. H. II. 70

540 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(8) Nysms coenosuhis Stal.

Nysius coenosulus Stal, 1859, Eugenics Resa, Zool. p. 243; F. B. White, 1878,
A. M. N. H. (5) I. p. 369.

Through the kindness of Dr Aurivillius, I was able to see the type — unfortunately
in poor condition — of this doubtless introduced species. It occurs in mixed sweeping,
principally, I think, on Erigeron canadensis.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu (Perkins and others) ; Waianae Coast (March,
Perkins). — Lanai, 3000 ft. (Perkins). — Hawaii, 2000 — 4000 ft. (Perkins).

(9) Nysms blackburni White.
Nysius blackburni F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. p. 53.
Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 feet on ferns (White). I do not know this.

(10) Nysius lichenicola, sp. nov.

Head and pronotum yellowish testaceous, closely punctured, and more or less
suffused, with dark brown ; lateral margins of head, anterior third of pronotum,
posterior margin very narrowly (usually interrupted medially and at the lateral angles),
scutellum etc., dark. Tegmina typically yellowish testaceous, closely irrorated with
blackish grey, usually more so towards the middle, apical angle of corium dark.
Membrane vitreous, variegated varyingly with brownish grey, apical angle usually
blackish. Antennae, labium, femora etc., blackish or piceous ; coxae and apex of
femora testaceous or pale ferruginous. Underside black, orifices dark testaceous.
The fourth segment of the antennae is about twice as long as the third, and a little
longer than the second. Pronotum much as in N. coenosulus. Length ^ 3^,
¥ 3i— 4 mm-

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, among the lichen on the trunks of fallen Nani polymorpha
and Acacia koa (April, Kirkaldy) ; Kaumana, above Hilo, 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins,
no. 679). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 — 9000 ft. (March, Apr., Perkins). Dr Perkins tells
me he has taken it from various fruits, Mynah-bird's dung etc. This species is possibly
not endemic.

It is variable, but I cannot find structural differences. In a Mauian female, the
tibiae are more testaceous and the apical angle is almost entirely pale. In one male,
the hind margins of the pleura are paler, but much more material is necessary for
comparison, before elevating the following varieties to possible specific rank.

HEMIPTERA 541

var. (<5) brunnealis nov.
Tegmina pale ferruginous inwardly.
Hab. Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April).

var. {c) atralis nov.
Upper surface blackish brown ; a small spot at base of head, one at middle and
one at each lateral angle of hind margin of pronotum, pale ; a few testaceous specks on
tegmina, mostly near the lateral margin.

Hab. Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April).

The type of this species is one of the specimens from Haleakala.

(11) Nysius ochriasis Kirkaldy.
Nysius ochriasis Kirkaldy, 1902, huj. op. iii. 162.
Food plant : Duhautia sp.

(12) Nysius insulicola, sp. nov.

Similar in general appearance to N. mauiensis, but the pronotum is maculate only
at the postero-lateral angles.

Head black ; clypeus and a ring around the eyes, brownish yellow. Antennae pale
brownish yellow, indistinctly infuscate medially. Labium pale yellow, apically blackish.
Pronotum brownish yellow (callosities browner), confusedly and comparatively sparsely
brownly punctured, postero-lateral angles blackish brown. Scutellum brownish yellow,
basally and laterally punctured with dark brown, posterior angle whitish. Tegmina
subhyaline, pale brownish yellow, commissure and a short oblique stripe apically on
exocorium dark fuscous. Membrane hyaline, a broad fuscous stripe down the middle.
Beneath pale yellowish brown with a pink tinge ; sterna mostly blackish, abdomen
medially pale yellow ; ambulacra and orifices whitish ; legs pale yellow, femora spotted
with dark brown, hind femora with a dark brown subapical ring. Second and third
segments of the antennae subequal, each longer than the fourth. Pronotal callosity
percurrent ; lateral margins very slightly sinuate. % 6th and 7th sternites acute-
angularly emarginate apically. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins).

(13) jVysius silvestris, sp. nov.

Head black, clypeus pale yellow, ocelli red ; eyes black, interiorly margined with
testaceous. Antennae and labium pale brownish testaceous, the former with segments
I — 3 feebly ringed with pale fuscous, 4th pale ferrugineotestaceous, apically pale
fuscous, the apex of labium blackish.

70—2

542 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Pronotum pale ferruginous, with 5 longitudinal, parallel, elongate spots (or short
stripes) on the basal third, the middle one extending anteriorly as far as the
transverse swelling, the sublateral ones sometimes rather indistinct. Scutellum piceous,
basal angles pale ferruginous, posterior angle white. Tegmina piceous, extero-lateral
margin on basal half brownish yellow. Membrane hyaline, basal third dark fuscous.
Sterna polished black, pleura brownish yellow tinged with red, and more or less marked
with blackish. Legs and ambulacra pale, apical half of hind femora rosy. Abdomen
beneath pale reddish brown, more or less clouded with blackish on sternites 2 — 6.
Orifices pale, slightly rosy. Three apical segments of antennae subequal, the fourth
a little the longer, rather elongately incrassate. Pronotal callosities percurrent,
pronotum rather sparsely punctured.

$ 6th sternite very obtusely, 7th acutely, emarginate. Length 3^ — 4 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts., about 3000 ft., Feb. (no. 547).

(14) N'ysius oresitrophus, sp. nov.

Black ; apex of clypeus, apex of first, second and third segments of antennae,
a small spot on middle of hind margin of pronotum, labium, legs, etc. brownish
testaceous or brownish yellow, femora and tibiae broadly banded with piceous ; tarsi
partly fuscous. Postero-lateral angles of pronotum and posterior angle of scutellum
yellowish testaceous. Tegmina yellowish testaceous, a large spot at base, another at
intero-apical angle of corium, and a larger one on apical margin of corium, black.
Membrane yellowish brown, apparently basally blackish. Antennae with the second and
fourth segments subequal, a little longer than the third. Labium reaching well beyond
the hind coxae. Pronotum rather superficially punctured, almost striate. Length
4^ mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, over 5000 ft. (Oct., Perkins, no. 636) i carded example.

(15) Nysius nubicola, sp. nov.

Head blackish with a red line down the middle ; antennae reddish or reddish
testaceous. Pronotum reddish or reddish testaceous punctured with blackish, the
laevigate areas blackish (sometimes reddishly suffused). Scutellum rufescent, punctured
with blackish. Tegmina yellowish hyaline, in some examples almost immaculate, in
others blotched apically. Labium, legs, ambulacra, orifices, etc. rufescent or yellowish
testaceous, apical segment of labium black, femora spotted with black. Underside
black, the pleura partly rufescent, abdomen varyingly pale in part. Head and pronotum
sparsely pubescent. Labium extending beyond hind coxae, first segment reaching to
apical margin of prosternum. Second .segment of antennae distinctly longer than the

HEMIPTERA 543

third, which is longer than the fourth. Pronotum closely punctured ; lateral margins
scarcely sinuate, not at all carinate. Length 4 — 5^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 4000 ft. and over, Aug. (no. 231, Perkins); Hualalai, 5000ft.
(Perkins). One of the Kona specimens is the type.

(16) Nysitis neniorivagus White.

Nysius neniorivagus F. B. White, 1881, op. cit. 54.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea. — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 — 6000 ft. I do not know
this.

( 1 7) Nysius nimbatus, sp. nov.

Head and most of underside black. Pronotal callosities piceous. Antennae,
pronotum, scutellum, tegmina etc. pale olive-testaceous, a brown irregular ^ near the
middle of the apical margin of the corium. Pronotum and scutellum with blackish
brown punctures, the anterior half of the former sometimes being suffused with black.

Legs, orifices etc. pale brownish yellow, fore and middle femora sparsely spotted
with pale brown, hind femora strongly spotted with blackish brown. Abdomen beneath
sometimes largely pale apico-medially. Antennae in some examples tinged or marked
with brown. Second and fourth segments of antennae subequal, each shorter than the
third. Pronotum rather sparsely punctured, laevigate areas reaching the lateral margins,
which are very slightly sinuate. Length 5^ — 6^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, 2500 — 3000 ft., Oct. — Nov. (Perkins).

(18) Nysius rubescens White.

Nysius rubescens F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. 55.

This was described from Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. 1 do not know it.

(19) Nysius pteridicola White.

Nysitis pteridicola F. B. White, 1881, 1. c.

This was described from the same place as the preceding. I do not know it.

(20) Nysitis nitidus White.
Nysius nitidus F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. 53.
Hab. Maui, Haleakala. I do not know it.

(21) Nysitis vtdcan White.
Nysius vulcan F. B. White, 1881, op. cit. 56.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna loa, elevation not stated. I do not know it.

544 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

{22) Nysius oribasus, sp. nov.

Elongate. Head black. Antennae, pronotum and scutellum piceous ; base and
apex of first three segments of antennae pale, as also angles and keel down scutellum,
and postero-lateral angles of pronotum. Labium, ambulacra, orifices and legs pale ; the
first and fourth segments of the labium, and the tibiae partly, fuscate ; femora thickly
spotted on the basal half, or so, with dark brown, coxae basally piceous. Tegmina
hyaline, strongly blotched with dark brown. Beneath blackish, abdomen in one
example a little pale in part. Second segment of antennae slightly longer than the
third, which is longer than the fourth. Pronotum coarsely punctured ; lateral margins
very slightly sinuate, not at all carinate ; laevigate areas blackish.

Hab. Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range, 2000ft., Feb. (Perkins); Kaala, 1500 ft.
Jan. (Perkins). The Waialua specimen is the type.

(23) Nysius insiclivagus, sp. nov.

Sparsely yellowish pubescent. Head, sterna and pleura black, propleura partly
brownish piceous. Pronotum, scutellum, and tegmina brownish piceous ; laevigate
areas of pronotum rather darker ; scutellum partly darker, carina down the middle
yellow ; tegmina very closely mottled pallidly, veins paler, especially the forked median.
Beneath, the abdomen is piceous, becoming more palely ferruginous towards the apex.
Antennae, labium and legs pale ferruginous ; apex of first three segments of antennae
dark ; orifices pale. First segment of labium extends beyond the apical margin of the
prosternum. Second segment of antennae distinctly longer than the third, which is
subequal to the fourth. Lateral margins of pronotum scarcely sinuate, obsolescently
carinate.

Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 8000 ft., Aug. (Perkins) ; Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Perkins) and
at the same locality on Nani polymorpha (" Ohia lehua," April). — Maui, Haleakala,
10,000 ft., Aug. (Perkins). One of the Hualalai examples is the type.

(24) Nysius montivagus, sp. nov.

Differs from the preceding by the glabrous, more shining appearance, paler
pronotum (laevigate areas dark), darker antennae, maculate femora etc.

Hab. Lanai, Molokai, Hawaii. — Lanai, Halepaakai, July (Perkins). — Molokai,
4000 ft. (May, Perkins). Hawaii, Kilauea (Kirkaldy).

(25) Nysius monticola, sp. nov.

Superficially somewhat like N. ochriasis, but larger and more sordid, the fourth
segment of the antennae dark, and the pronotum laterally sinuate.

Yellowish brown, a paler clear line on the vertex along the middle. Eyes blackish

HEMIPTERA 545

brown, ocelli reddish brown. A ring at base and another near apex of second
segment, one at base of third, and all the fourth (except extreme base) segment of
antennae, dark fuscous. Apex of labium black. A clearer line on anterior two-thirds
of pronotum down the middle, clearer also medio-laterally ; rather sparsely punctured
with brown, as also on pleura. Scutellum punctured with dark brown on the basal
margin and between the keels and the lateral margins. Tegmina and membrane
immaculate brownish yellow, veins concolorous. Ambulacra, orifices and legs im-
maculate brownish yellow. The whole insect glabrous, shining. Pronotum laterally
sinuate, roundedly narrowing laterally in front of the callosity, slightly reflexed in
part ; impressed behind the callosity. Antennae with the second and third segments
subequal, a trifle longer than the fourth. Labium reaching nearly to the middle of
the abdomen, first segment beyond the base of the head. % 6th sternite very obtusely,
7th rectangularly, emarginate. Length 6 mm.

Hab. West Maui Mts., 4000 ft. (no. 357, April, Perkins, i %)\

( I ) Orthoea vincta, Say.

Pamera vincta (Say) Stal.

Orthoea periplanios Kirkaldy, 1907, Canad. Ent. xxxix. p. 246.

O. pacifica Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. 150; and 1908, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.

O. vincta Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 189 and P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.

This little bug "swarmed in 1900, but was not seen prior to 1897 " (Perkins). It
has been described under 8 names and has spread over about the whole of America,
and occurs in Ceylon, India, Burma ; Christmas Islands (Indian Ocean) ; South Africa ;
Australia, Tahiti and Fiji! I have described the last nymphal instar (1907, P- Haw.
E. S. I. 150), which has also with long- and short-winged adults, been figured (1908,
P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.). In Hawaii, O. vincta is found in Cynodon dacty/on, but does
not, I think, feed on it.

Hab. I have collected, or seen, specimens from Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii,

Clerada apicicornis Sign.

Clcrada apicicornis Sign., huj. op. iii. p. 160.

I have described the final nymph (1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. 151). Dr Perkins has
seen this species " feeding on a dead Blattid (which had perhaps died before it was fed
upon) " and does not think it catches Lepisma. I have only seen this on Oahu.

1 The printed label bears the indication "West Maui 4°oo ft.," but no. 357 (on the underside of the card
to which the specimen is affixed) refers to " Haleakala 4000 ft.," which is in East Maui.

546 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Merragata hebroides White.

Merragata hebroides, huj. op. iii. p. i68.
Common and widely distributed \

Fam. NABIDAE.

Vide Subfam. Nabinae, huj. op. iii. p. 153.
Conspectus generum ac siibgene7'um hawaiiensium.

1. Caput ordinarium i Reduviolus W. Kirby (2).

\a. Caput utrimque spina obtusa, prominente; segmentum primum antennarum

incrassatum (subj. 2) Miln Kirkaldy.

2. Clavus ac corium baud discreta ; membrana perminuta ; ocelli plus minus

obsolescentes (subj. \b) Nesotyphlias Kirkaldy.

za. Tegmina ordinaria; ocelli adsunt (3).

3. Scutellum immaculatum ; antennae pedesque baud annulatae ; margines

laterales pronoti fere recti, lobo postico pronoti vix elevato... (subg. \a) Nesomachetes Kirkaldy.
2,a. Scutellum maculatum ; antennae pedesque annulatae ; margines laterales

pronoti sinuati, lobo postico pronoti elevato (subg. typicum).

Reduviolus.
(i) Reduviolus kahavalu Kirkaldy.

Reduviolus innotatus Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 154, PI. v. fig. 32.
R. kahavalu Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 156.

Delete the Oahuan record. I have founded a subg. Nesomachetes for this ( 1 908,
P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 190).

Reduviohis capsiformis Germar.

Nabis capsifoj'mis Germar, 1837, Silb. rev. Ent. v. p. 132.

Reduviolus innotatus F. B. White, 1877, A. M. N. H. (4) xx. p. 112; Kirkaldy,

1907, P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 156.
R. blackburni (part) Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 155 ; Perkins, 1903, Bull. Board

Agr. Hawaii Ent. i. ; Swezey, 1905, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 234, PI. 17,

figs. 1—4.
R. capsiformis Reuter, 1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 114.
The adoption of the above name is on Reuters authority ; in his remarks on
p. 115 anent the figure of R. innotatus, he has overlooked my paper in the P. Haw.
E. S. I. 156. R. capsiformis has been described, or alluded to, under eleven names,

' A Tingid of the genus Teleonemia is now firmly established in the Islands, but has nothing to do with
the original fauna, having been purposely introduced to check the Lataiia camara.

HEMIPTERA 547

and is practically cosmopolitan. It has nothing to do with R. blackburni which is
a much darker, probably endemic, insect, found at Kiiaucc, Hawaii and elsewhere,
ferns, trasses etc.

Reduviolus niorai Kirkaldy.

Reduviohis worae Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 155, PI. v. fig. 39 ; and 1908, P. H. E. S.

I. 191.
Delete Lanai from the islands.

Reduviolus subrufus White.
Reduviolus subrufus, huj. op. in. p. 156.

Delete R. koelensis and oscillans from the synonymy; only fig. i"], in the "Fauna,"
applies to this species.

(2) Reduviolus koelensis Blackburn.

Nabis koelensis Blackburn, 1888, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 352.

Hab. Lanai, Koele.

1 am not sure that I know this form, but at least it cannot, I think, be included
under subrufus.

(3) Reduviolus oscillans Blackburn.

Nabis oscillans Blackburn, 1. c.
The same remarks apply to this.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna loa, about 4000 ft.

(4) Reduviolus arrogans Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus arrogans Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 191.
Hab. Molokai.

(5) Reduviolus trtictdenhis Kirkaldy.

Reduviolus subrufus Kirkaldy, 1902, huj. op. iii. PL v. fig. 38, but not of the

text p. 156.
R. truculentus Kirkaldy. 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 191.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. on Pipturus albidus.

(6) Reduviolus nubigemis Kirkaldy.
Redtiviolns nubigenus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.

Hab. Lanai — also, I think, Maui and Molokai.
F. H. II. 71

548 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(7) Reduviolus kaonohiula Kirkaldy.

Rcduviolus kaonohiula Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 192.
In fresh examples, the abdomen is grass-green.

The last nymph, which, with the adult, is found on CyatJiodes tameiameiae at
Kilauea, Hawaii, is grass-green with yellow markings.

(8) Reduviolus montivagiis Kirkaldy.

Reduviolus montivagus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.
Hab. Kauai.

{c) Reduviolus subgen. Nesotvphlias.
Kirkaldy, 1907, P. H. E. S. i. 155.

Reduviolus lusciosus White.

Nabis ? lusciosus F. B. White, 1877, A. M. N. H. (4), xx. 112.

Reduviolus lusciosus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 157 (part), PI. v. fig. 35; Reuter,

1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 124.
Nesotyphlias lusciostis Kirkaldy, 1907, P. H. E. S. i. p. 155.
Hab. Oahu. Not yet found on any other of the islands.

(9) Reduviolus silvicola Kirkaldy.

Redtiviolus silvicoia Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. 192.
Hab. Molokai.

(10) Redtiviolus monticola Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus monticola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.

Hab. Oahu.

(11) Reduviolus procellaris Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus procellaris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 193.

Hab. Molokai.

(12) Reduviolus volcanicola Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus lusciosus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. PI. v. figs. 34 and 340;.
R. volcanicola Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 193.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, on tree-ferns and among dead leaves on the ground.

549

HEMIPTERA

{13) Reduviolus curtipennis (Blackburn).
Nabis ? curtipennis Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 353.
Hab. Hawaii, Waimea.

(14) Reduviolus paludicola Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus paludicola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.
Hab. Molokai.

(15) Reduviolus lolupe Kirkaldy.
Reduviolus lolupe Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.
Hab. Uncertain.

(16) Reduviolus silvestris Kirkaldy.
Reduviohis silvestris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 194.
Hab. Kauai.

{d) Reduviolus subgen. Milu Kirkaldy.

Milu Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. p. 247.

Reduviolus subg. Milu, Reuter, 1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 109.

(17) Reduviolus kerasphoros Kirkaldy.

Reduviolus 7'ubritinctus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 157, PI. v. fig. 33, nee Blackburn.

Milu kerasphoron Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. p. 248.

M. kerasphoros Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 194; with var. purpurea,

P- 195-
Reduviolus kerasphoron Reuter, 1908, 1. c.

Hab. Oahu. ,

Reduviolus rubritinctus Blackburn.

Nabis rubrilinctus, Blackburn, 1889, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 351.
Milu ? rubritinctus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.

Hab. Maui.

I have not seen this species, which is apparently distinct from the preceding.

71 — 2

550 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. REDUVIIDAE.

Zelus renardii Kolenati.

Zehis renardii Kolenati, 1856, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xxix. 460, PI. 3, fig. 2 ;

Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 195.
Z. laevicollis Champion, 1899, B. C. A. Het. 11. 252 and 260, PI. w. fig. 24.
Z. peregrimis Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 149; Perkins, 1903, Bull. Agr. Hawaii
Ent. I. 20; Kirkaldy, 1904, Haw. For. Agr. i. 183; Swezey, 1905, Bull.
H. S. P. Ent. I. 232, PI. XVI. figs. I- — 3; Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i.
156; and Canad. Ent. xxxix. 247.
This species was first seen in Honolulu in 1897, but had become common and
generally spread over Oahu by 1900. It is now common in the lowlands of all the
islands, the brown ^<g^ masses being very conspicuous on Saccharum officinarum.
Hibiscus rosasinensis, Citrus aurantiiwi etc. In the younger stages, it feeds on
Aphids, young leafhoppers etc., but the adult preys on several very destructive beetles
as well, though sometimes becoming injurious by sucking Coccinellids. It is apparently
distributed over the Western States (California, Arizona etc.) and Mexico.
Swezey' and I'- have contributed to the knowledge of the life-history.

Triatoma Lap.

Triatoma Laporte, 1832, Essai Hem. pp. 6 and 11.
Conorhinus Laporte (1832 ?) Essai Hem. p. "]"].

(i) T. rubrofasciata de Geer.

Cifuex riibrofasciatus de Geer, 1773, Mem. in. 349, PI. xxxv. fig. 12.

Triatoma rubrofasciata Kirkaldy, 1904, Haw. For. Agr. i. 185.

This has been taken by Koebele and Perkins around labourers' huts on certain
Oahuan plantations. It is a native of Brazil, the Antilles etc., but has become
distributed over the Philippines, China, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, Andamans,
India, West Africa and Madagascar.

Luteva insolida White.

Luteva insolida White, huj. op. in. p. 152.

This occurs also around Honolulu ; it is probably not endemic.

' 1905, op. cit. pp. 232-4, PI. XVI. figs. I — 3.
' 1907, P. Haw. E. S. I. pp. 156-8.

HEMIPTERA 551

(i) Luteva insulicola Kirkaldy.
Luteva insulicola Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 196.
Hab. Oahu. Waialua.

(i) N'esidiolesles insularis Kirkaldy.

Nesidiolestes insularis Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 195.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1800 ft.

I have seen only a single example of this, taken up Tantalus by Mr O. H. Swezey,
and now in my collection.

Fam. ANTHOCORIDAE.
Vide Miridae subfam. Anthocorinae, huj. op. in. p. 125.

Triphleps persequens White.

Triphleps persequens White, huj. op. in. p. 125.

This is distributed throughout the islands in the plains, being very common in
sugar-cane fields and on cultivated Hibiscus etc. It is doubtless introduced. It feeds
on Aphidae, Psocidae, and other small insects. Swezey' has described the nymph
as yellowish, and has figured the adult. T. persequetis is now known from Queensland
and Fiji".

PhysopleuTella mundula White.

Physopleurella mundulus White, huj. op. in. p. 1 26.

This is also widely distributed similarly to the last, and has similar food-habits.
Swezey has briefly described and figured the ova and nymphs, as well as the adult".

Lasiochihis dcnigratus Wliite.

Lasiochilus denigrata White, huj. op. in. p. 126.

I followed Reuter in placing L. decolor as a synonym, but, as I now think, wrongly.
So far as the material now before me goes, L. denigratus is restricted to Hawaii.

Hab. Hawaii.

(i) Lasiochilus decolor White.

Dilasia (f) decolor White, 1879, Ent. Mo. Mag. .xvi. p. 147.

Lasiochilus denigratus (part) Reuter ; and L. denigrata (part) Kirkaldy, huj. op.

III. p. 126.
Hab. Oahu. This seems to be restricted to Oahu.

1 1905, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. I. 23s, PI. XVI. fig. 7.
- 1908, Kirkaldy, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. xxxii. 784.
" 1905, loc. cit., PI. XVI. figs. 4—6.

552 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Lasiochilus silvicola Kirkaldy.
Lasiochilus silvicola Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 196.
Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano.

(3) Lasiochilus montivagus Kirkaldy.
Lasiochilus mofitivagtis Kirkaldy, op. cit. 197.
Hab. Lanai, Koele Mts. (also doubtfully from Hawaii).

(4) Lasiochihis mibigenus Kirkaldy.
Lasiochilus nubigenus Kirkaldy, 1. c.
Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

Fam. CLINOCORIDAE.

Subfam. CACODMFNAE, huj. op. III. p. 129.
For Klinophilus use Clinocoris Fallen 1829.

Fam. MIRIDAE.

Subfam. MIRINAE, huj. op. ill. p. 129.

Sulamita lunalilo Kirkaldy.

Sulaniita lunalilo, huj. op. iii. p. 130.

The type was a specimen from Kilauea, Hawaii. PI. IV. fig. \2a refers to this.

(i) Sulamita dryas Kirkaldy.

Sulamita lunalilo, var. Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. PI. iv. fig. i 2.
S. dryas Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 197.

(2) Sulamita oreias Kirkaldy.

Sulamita lunalilo, brach. form, Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. PI. iv. fig. 13.
S. oreias Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 197.

TiCHORHiNUS Fieber.

Tichorhinus Fieber, 1858, Wien. E. Mon. 11. p. 314.

Orthotylus Fieber, 1858, op. cit. p. 315 ; Kirkaldy, 1902, huj. op. iii. p. 132.

HEMIPTERA 553

(i) Tichorhinus kassandra Kirkaldy.
Orthotylus daphne var. kassandra Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 135.

Cyrtopeltis hawaiiensis Kirkaldy.

C. hawaiiensis, huj. op. iii. p. 138.

Hab. Add, Oahu, Tantalus (Dec. Perkins, Swezey, Giffard) ; Maunawili (Giffard)
on Touchardia.

An error has crept into the description, viz. the base of the pronotum is wider
than half the length of the second segment of the antennae.

Dr Perkins informs me this species is rather variable, some specimens being much
darker.

Opuna hawaiiensis Kirkaldy.
Opuna hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 140.
Hab. Oahu, on Sida cordifolia.

(i) Pseudoclerada kilaueae Kirkaldy.

Pseudoclerada morai ^a.rt, Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 141, PI. iv. fig. 19.
P. kilaueae Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 198.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

Kalania Kirkaldy.

Baracus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 143.

Kalania Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 280.

Kalania hazvaiiensis.

Baracus hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 143.

Hab. This seems restricted to Lanai. It was retaken there by Giffard (1908,
P. H. E. S. I. 180).

Hyalopeplus pellucidus Stal.

Hyalopeplns pelhtcidus, huj. op. in. p. 143.

This has been redescribed from the type by Reuter (1905, Ofr. Finska Vet. Forh.
XLVii. no. 12, p. 2). It is distributed from sea level up to 5000 ft. and is certainly not
endemic. Near Honolulu it is common on Hibiscus rosasinensis, but swarms, further
from the town, on Guava, Sida, Dodonaea etc. I have described the last nymph (1907,
P. H. E. S. I. 159).

554 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Koanoa hawaiiensis Kirkaldy.

Koanoa hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 1 36.
This is arboreal and endemic.

Nesiomiris hawaiiensis Kirkaldy.

Nesiomiris hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 145.

This also is arboreal and endemic. On the other hand Oronomiris hawaiiensis is
graminivorous and an introduction.

Acanthia exulans White.
Acanthia exulans, huj. op. iii. p. 146.

Hab. Oahu. I can only definitely refer this typically now from Oahu, possibly
also from Kauai. I have described (1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 198) var. molokaiensis
from Molokai.

Acanthia oahuensis Blackb.
Hab. Oahu. I can refer this also only from Oahu now.

(i) Acanthia humifera Kirkaldy.
Acanthia humifera Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 199.
Hab. Oahu, N. W. Koolau Range.

(2) Acanthia nubigena Kirkaldy.
Acanthia nubigena Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.
Hab. Maui, Haleakala.

(3) Acanthia procellaris Kirkaldy.
Acanthia procellaris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 200.
Hab. Molokai, 4000 ft.

Arctocorisa blackburni White.

Corixa blackburni, huj. op. in. p. 148.

Corixa blackburni is now referred to Arctocorisa, recently raised to generic rank.

BuENOA Kirkaldy.

Buenoa Kirkaldy, 1904, Wien. E. Z. xxni. p. 120.
Included under Anisops, huj. op. in. p. 148.

HEMIPTERA 555

(i) Biienoa pallipes Fabricius.
Notonecta pallipes Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rh. 103.
Anisops sp. ? Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 148.
Buenoa pallipes Kirkaldy, 1904, Wien. E. Z. xxiii. p. 123.

Homoptera.

Fam. MEMBRACIDAE.

A single introduced species (from New Zealand, where doubtless introduced from
Australia) occurs. I have seen a specimen in Dr Perkins' collection. It is a small
Centrotine, probably a Centrotypus sp.

Fam. TETTIGONIIDAE.

The Hawaiian species — endemic and introduced — belong entirely to the tribe
Phrynomorphini, though Tettigoniini and Eurynielini have been recorded in error.
They are comprised in three endemic, closely related, genera, and three more or less
cosmopolitan.

Tribe Phrvnomorphjnj'^.

Conspectus generuni.

1. Venae alarum prima secundaque apicem versus baud confluentes (2)

irt. Hae venae apicem versus confluentes 5 Nesosteles Kirkaldy-

2. Tegmina cellulis subapicalibus duabus instructa (3).

2a. Tegmina cellula subapicali unica instructa (5).

3. Cellula subapicalis exterior (minor) basi et apice pedicellata 2 Nesophrosyne Kirkaldy.

2,a. Cellula subapicalis exterior (minor) baud et basi et apice pedicellata ...(4).

4. Vertex brevis ac latus i Nesophryne Kirkaldy.

i,a. Vertex antice ultra oculos extensus 3 Conosaniis Osborn and Ball.

5. Cellula subapicalis tegminis subovalis, medio paullo constricta 2a (subg.) Nesoreias nov.

5«. Cellula subapicalis basi acutangularis 4 MacrosUles Fieber.

Hie conspectus consanguinitatem non monstrat ; Nesosteles e Macrosteli,
Nesoreias e Nesophrosyni derivatae.

On the face of many Phrynomorphini, there is a characteristic pattern of two dark
stripes up the middle, with more or less concentrically curved, subparallel, transverse
stripes. Sometimes this is very well marked, sometimes very obscurely, sometimes
absent. I propose, for the sake of brevity, to term this the "craticuliform pattern" or
"craticulum," i.e. the "grill."

' For horismology etc. see my recent classification of the .\uchenorrhyncha, Bull. Haw. Plant. Ent. i.
269—479, Pis. 21—32 (1906) and op. cit. iii. i— 186, Pis. 1—20 (1907).

F. H. II. 72

556 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Nesophryne Kirkaldy.

Nesophryne Kirkaldy, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. i. p. i6o, 1907.

Allied to Eutettix Van Duzee, but the habitus is quite different, and the vertex
much shorter and more declivous, with the eyes scarcely so wide as the transversely
striolate pronotum. Frons very wide, almost obliterating the fasciolae ; lateral margins
sloping roundly to the clypeus, the sides of the latter very slightly roundly emarginate.
Antennae inserted a little nearer to the ocelli than to the base of the lora ; they have a
short flagellum. Clypeus about twice as long as its width, the lora do not nearly reach
its apical margin. The labium reaches to the apex of the middle coxae. Tegminal
venation not altogether unlike that of Eutettix, as represented by E. sellata and
melaleucae, but the two subapical cells extend equally far apically and are truncate
there, while the long median cell is apically angular. There is a well defined appendix,
four apical cells and a nodal cell. Wing venation normal. Type filicicola. The
genus is confined to Kauai.

There are probably four species, as it is very likely that my Bythoscopiis kukanaroa
and kamaiainao belong here. The declivous vertex and the position of the ocelli on
the apical part of the bend of the head, probably led me to place them in Bythoscopns.
I cannot refer to them now, however. The two species known to me are separable
thus :

I. Tegmina brunneo-flavescentia venis fuscis, cellulis sparse medio brunneo-

irroratis. Valvula maris pallida ; pygophor feminae brunneo-flavescens ...\ filicicola Kirkaldy.

1(7. Tegmina forte nigrescenti-suffusa, clavo paucis areis maculisque albidis ornato;
cellula subcostal! partim brunneo-flavescenti, subhyalina. Valvula maris
nigra; femina mihi incognita 2 microkpiae sp. nov.

(i) Nesophryne filicicola Kirkaldy.

Nesophryne filicicola Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c.

t yellowish ; pronotum tinged with greenish, sparsely clouded etc. with dark
fuscous and olive brown. A large transverse band on the bend of the head, dark
fuscous, enclosing the conspicuous yellowish red ocelli ; a central line down the clypeus,
most of the lora, and a spot on the genae, dark fuscous. Tegmina yellowish cinereous,
veins olive brown, the principal cells obscurely irrorate inside in the middle. The long
median cell has two subhyaline spots on its apical half, the interior subapical has two,
and there are others, not so distinct, on the other cells. Wings smoky with dark veins.
Fore and middle femora rather obscurely banded with fuscous, base of spines of hind
tibiae blackish. Vertex somewhat declivous, distinctly wider than long, wider than an
eye, flattened, not produced in front of eyes. Valve pale, wider than long, angularly
rounded apically ; plates a little longer in the middle than the valve, the two together
truncately rounded apically.

HEMIPTERA 557

% a little darker than the male. Tergites dark ; pygophor pale yellowish ferruginous,
ovipositor sheath extending beyond the apex of the tegmina (and of the pygophor) ; last
sternite trisinuate apically. Clypeus blackish, genae and lora ferruginous. Length
t l\, % 6-J- mm.

Hab. Kauai, Kalihiwai, 400 ft., on fern {Microkpia strigosa, not as first stated
Gleichenia dichotonui) (Oct., Giffard)'.

Nymph (last instar) : pale brownish yellow, more or less infuscate (varyingly so)
on the nota, a pale fuscous band across the bend of the head. Ocellar rudiments
reddish. Basal half of tergites clouded in the middle with pale fuscous, blackish
sublaterally ; apical half laterally broadly blackish ; beneath mostly pale yellowish :
sutures blood red. Like the adults, but the head is a little more produced subangularly.

(2) Nesopliryne microlepiac, sp. nov.

t closely allied to the last, but much darker. Black ; basal margin of vertex,
a few irregular markings on pronotum and scutellum, a large central suffusion on frons,
rostrum (except the apex) etc., brownish testaceous. Tegmina cinereous yellow heavily
suffused with black, except in a few places, i.e. a few pale spots on clavus, and the extero-
lateral fourth of the corium (except the suffused cross-veins). Legs brownish yellow
and black.

Pygophor black with very short, sparse yellow hairs. Length ^ 5^ mm.

Hab. Kauai, Kalihiwai, 400 ft, on fern Microlepia strigosa (Oct., Giffard). This
may be only a dark var. of the preceding, but I do not think so.

Nesophryne kukanaroa, Kirkaldy.
Bythoscopus kukanaroa Kirk. huj. op. in. p. 114.
Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft.

I cannot refer to the unique type, but I suspect it is allied to the two preceding
forms, if not identical.

Nesophryne kaiaiiiamao, Kirkald)'.

Bythoscopus kaiamaniao Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 115.

Hab. Kauai, high plateau.

The unique type is, in this case too, not available for inspection by me, but
I believe it is allied to the three preceding. If this is so, then a little group of four
stoutly built forms in this genus, occur only on Kauai.

' One nymph was labelled " Kilauea, Hawaii," certainly by mistake. It should have been "Kilauea,

Kauai."

72 — 2

558 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Nesophrosyne Kirkaldy.

N^esophrosyne Kirkaldy, 1907, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. i. p. 160.

Typa perkmsi. This genus is closely allied to Nephotettix, but the venation will
separate it'. Typically there are two discoidals, the median cell (interior discoidal)
running undivided to the subapical line ; there is only one normal subapical cell, which
is a little constricted medianly, but in all the species but two, a second subapical cell is
formed by the forking and quick reunion of the radial vein, this small cell being one-
third of the length of the other subapical cell, and of course pedicellate at both ends.
This small subapical is joined at its base by a straight cross (nodal) vein to the
subcostal vein, sometimes there are other nodals. There are four apical cells and
a well-defined appendix. The pronotum is very short at the sides. In two species,
however, insjtlaris and oceanides, the exterior subapical cell has disappeared^
These two last may form a subgenus Nesoreias (type insularis). N. haleakala I
formerly separated subgenerically, on account of the longer head and shorter wings,
but N. halemanu seems to form too strong a link with the more typical species.

This genus — Nesophrosyne — is the most difficult of the Hemipterous genera of these
islands to deal with specifically. It is impossible in some instances, from the material
before me, to say whether certain forms are species or only local varieties. A much
more adequate material, a knowledge of the range of variation, of the foodplants, and of
the nymphs, is necessary before the synonymy can be settled. The variation in some
forms known to me is quite bewildering.

(a) Subgenus typicum.

(l) Nesophrosyne umbratilis, sp. nov.

^ black ; a longitudinal stripe down the vertex, the face (base excepted), sterna,
legs, scutellum (except the lateral angles broadly) white. Ocelli red. Tegmina black,
three pale yellowish elongate spots basally and two white ones apically, on clavus ; four
(or so) obscurer ones on the apical cells internally, and a broad white exterior band
from near the base to near the apex, broken only by the dark fuscous first apical vein.
Tergites black, laterally pale ; sternites basally and laterally whitish, the rest — including
the valve — black, except the creamy plates which are fringed with fine, short, pale hairs.
Vertex produced about two-thirds of the length of an eye beyond the eyes, a little
longer than wide at base. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Kauai, Kalihiwai, 400 ft. (Oct., Giffard), on fern (probably Microlei>ia
strigosa).

A striking species, of which only a single male is yet known.

' This is figured 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. textf. 3, on p. 208.

^ In one species the exterior cell is open exteriorly in one example, the only exception I have seen.

HEMIPTERA

559

(2) Nesophrosyne halemanu, sp. nov.

Brownish yellow ; vertex with a mediolongitiidinal fuscous line, suffused a little
anteriorly, and four specks, two anteriorly and two posteriorly, of the same hue. Face
with a strong dark radiating pattern, antennae pale. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with
yellow, veins brownish fuscous, more or less suffused, apex of tegmen suffusedly
brownish fuscous. There are some rather faint brownish fuscous smudgings in the
subcostal and interior discoidal cells Front and middle femora blackish annulate, hind
tibiae strongly spotted with black. Vertex rounded anteriorly, forming a curve with
the eyes, subcircularly depressed medianly, a trifle longer than wide at base and a
little longer than the pronotum, which is a little longer than the scutellum.

$ sternites more or less greyish black medianly, valve blackish, plates yellowish.
Length 4^1: mm.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May, 1S95, Perkins, 503, one J and one
without abdomen).

(3) Nesophrosyne silvigena, sp. nov.

Pale ferruginous ; face black, this encroaching on to the vertex ; grill only visible
at sides as h, ferruginous. Sterna (.^ entirely), femora (except apically) etc., blackish ;
hind tibiae striped longitudinally with black, bristles pale ferruginous. Membrane
clouded with black inwardly, in one example with a pale spot on the clavus. Length
4i— 5i mm.

Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano (April, no. 519, Perkins).

(4) Nesophrosyne pei'kinsi, Kirkaldy.

Eutettix perkinsi Kirk., 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 178; and Haw. For. Agr. i. 183.

Nesophrosyne per kinsi Kirk., 1907, Pr. Haw. Ent. Soc. i. 160; and 1908 op. cit.
fig. 3 on p. 208.

^ creamy, eyes pale olive green. Venation partly pale brownish fuscous, partly
suffused on the cells, but very variably. Head with eyes as wide as the pronotum.
obtusely rounded anteriorly ; vertex about as long as its width. Tegmina with the
exterior subapical cell remote from the subcostal vein ; one nodal vein.

% like the $, but usually immaculate, sometimes the venation in part a little
brownish. Two specks on apical margin of last sternite and the ovipositor sheath

fuscous. Length $ 3-3— 3|. ? 4— 4i mm-

Nymphs described in Pr. Haw. Ent. Soc. i., 1907, p. i6o.

Hab. Oahu, coast range around Leahi. and up into Kaimuki, on Sida cordifolia.

56o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Nesophrosyne maritima, sp. nov.

$. Head and scutellum pale yellowish brown ; pronotum and tegmina pale greenish,
subcostal and apical cells hyaline, second apical faintly smoky ; veins on apical half of
tegmina and some on the basal half, more or less dark fuscous, some more or less
suffused, especially at their apices. Beneath and the legs, whitish. Vertex scarcely
produced in front of eyes, transversely impressed anteriorly.

?. Head and scutellum pale creamy, sometimes suffused with yellowish ; ovipositor
pale ferruginous ; seventh sternite sinuate, very minutely notched medianly. Otherwise
like the male. Length 3^ — 4 mm.

Nymph : $ pale yellowish ferruginous, irregularly suffused. Vertex with two
black specks close to the middle ; four specks on the top of the head in an arched row.
Pronotum with four specks in two sublateral rows and another on each side under the
eyes. Mesometanotum with about a dozen rather irregular specks.

Hab. Oahu : Waianae Coast (Perkins, 781, Jan. 2 exx.) : Makua (Perkins coll.).

(6) Nesophrosyne gouldiae, sp. nov.

t- Whitish ; claval veins (mostly) suffusedly, and two blotches on the apical
third, inwardly, of the tegmen, dark brownish ; wings hyaline. Sometimes the rest of
the hopper is whitish, sometimes the base of the vertex and the disk of the pronotum
irregularly, dark brownish, with a faint fuscous grill, scarcely apparent laterally. Some-
times the tegmina are more darkly suffused, but always only on the interior half.
Vertex obtuse-angled in front of the eyes, scarcely longer than its basal width, some-
what flat.

%. Immaculate (practically) whitish ; ovipositor sheath fuscous. Vertex more
convex. Length J 4^, % 5 mm.

This has very much the appearance of N. perkinsi, but beyond the difference in
habitat and foodplant, the vertex is convex and not impressed transversely anteriorly,
and is also longer, while the size is greater ; in perkinsi the shorter head is distinctly
flattened and impressed in front of the ocelli. The type is a Tantalus specimen.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1400 ft. (Sept., Terry and Perkins) on Gouldia sp. ;
Palolo, 1400 ft. (Kirkaldy) on Gouldia.

(7) Nesophrosyne pipttiri, sp. nov.

Sexes almost monomorphic. Head and underside whitish, ocelli honey yellow.
Eyes greyish black ; a brownish black speck on the tempora. Pronotum and scutellum
pale testaceous, the latter whitish posteriorly. Tegmina subhyaline, somewhat milky,
pattern obscure, a faint St Andrew's cross on the clavi when closed. Subcostal cell

HEMIPTERA 561

with two greyish brown suffused spots. Veins (except the colourless radial and claval
veins) mostly yellowish fuscous, cells slightly suffused. Posterior tibiae with brown
piliferous tubercles. Lora remote from apical margin of genae. Anal vein of clavus
not hooked or strongly curved. Vertex obtuse, forming more or less of a curve with
the eyes, a little produced.

t. Genital segments pale. V^alve short. Plates pointed apically, Haccid, lateral
margins reflexed, about three-fourths of the length of the mostly blackish pygophors
which are bristly apically. Sternites sometimes more or less dark.

?. Hypopygium somewhat long, laterally rounded, gradually produced at the
middle which is slightly notched. Pygophor elongate, not quite so long as the black
ovipositor, apical half with scattered pale yellow bristles. Length 4^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Feb. — Apr., Kirkaldy, Terry, Giffard and
Swezey), and Maunawili, 820 ft. (Feb., Giffard) on Mamake [Piptitriis albidus). The
type is a Tantalus specimen.

(8) Nesophrosyne ponapona, sp. nov.

Allied to the last, but darker and with a different pattern. Head etc. pale
yellowish testaceous, vertex with a thin brown transverse line and two specks of the
same tint. Ocelli orange. Basal two-thirds of frons yellowish brown with dark brown
grill ; apical third testaceous. Clypeus and lora apically blackish brown. Pronotum
pale orange brown tinged with olivaceous, with obscure longitudinal streaks. Pro-
sternum and sternites black (except laterally, t orange yellow, % yellowish). Scutellum
whitish, anterolateral and posterior angles widely pale orange brown. Tegmina milky,
basal two-thirds suffused with pale ochreous brownish, subcostal cell and a number of
spots on the rest, milky white ; veins yellowish fuscous, apical ones mostly darkly suffused,
two dark spots in the subcostal cell. Tegmina with two nodal veins, one from the
middle, one from the base, of the exterior subapical cell, suffused ; subapical cell remote
from the subcostal vein. Wings smoky ; veins dark fuscous.

Z- Sternites black, lateral margins orange yellow.

?. Sternites blackish, lateral margins yellowish, pygophor orange brown with
yellowish brown bristles ; ovipositor sheath blackish.

Van Sometimes very dark and suffused. Length 4:j: mm.

Hab. Same localities and foodplant as N. pipturi, but easily distinguished by the
pattern of the tegmina.

(9) Nesophrosyne opalescens, sp. nov.

Allied to N. pipturi. Vertex, frons, antennae, pronotum and scutellum pale, some-
what soiled, luteous. Clypeus, lora and genae mauvish opalescent. Ocelli crimson-
ringed. Tegmina brownish yellow, with fuscous markings much as in A^. pipturi, the

562 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

whole strongly mauvish opalescent. Wings strongly opalescent, veins dark. Abdomen
black. Femora dark mauvish opalescent, tibiae pale.

Z. Pygophor with crimson and white tufts. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae (no elevation stated, April, Perkins).

(10) Nesophrosytie, sp. ?

Adult unknown.

Nymph : t- Vertex as in adult. Pale creamy or whitish, eyes greenish brown ;
first segment of antennae whitish, rest greenish fuscous. Pronotum with two black
submedian specks on posterior margin and one under the eye laterally on each side.
Mesometanotum with two pairs of submedian black spots, one anteriorly and one
posteriorly, and a curved line laterally on the tegminal pad. Tergites 2 — 7 with two
black bristly hairs on each side laterally, eighth with about a dozen. Legs pale with
black, or pale fuscous, bristly hairs.

Hab. Oahu. 1 took three H off " Ohia lehua " [Nani polymofpha) on Palolo
Ridge at about 1300 ft. (Sept.), but have not yet connected them with an adult.

(11) Nesophrosyne tnonticola, sp. nov.

Vertex whitish, with a blackish brown inverted short-handled trident ; frons pale
yellowish, narrowly whitish basally with a slightly curved narrow blackish transverse
line just apical of the yellowish brown ocelli ; then just apical of this, suffused with
sanguineous ; clypeus, lora and genae mostly blackish. Pronotum yellow, anterior
margin blackish ferruginous, continued in a narrow line down the middle. Scutellum
yellow, more or less suffused with ferruginous. Tegmina ferruginous, a large yellowish
white black-ringed spot on the middle of the clavi closed together ; corium with a few
small subopaque whitish spots interiorly, and the subcostal in part (apicalwards) hyaline ;
first and fifth subapical cells hyaline, veins dark ferruginous, sometimes verging on
black, suffused.

Hab. Oahu, Kaala, over 2000 ft. (Dec, Perkins). Unfortunately only one ^ of
this pretty and distinct little hopper.

(12) jVesop/ij'osyiie koleae, sp. nov.

J. Vertex and a large round spot on the middle of the closed tegmina, orange
yellow. Face and legs pale yellow, second segment of posterior tarsi blackish. Base
of vertex (narrowly and irregularly), pronotum and scutellum (except the usually
yellowish posterior angle) blackish. Tegmina variegated : obscure subhyaline,
irregularly but strongly suffused (especially the veins) with dark fuscous, with a bluish

HEMIPTERA 563

bloom basally ; apical half of the subcostal cell white with two suffused brownish dark
brown veins towards the apex ; a large yellowish cinereous spot occupying most of the
basal half of the clavus ; apical cells mostly smoky ; there is also the orange yellow spot
mentioned before. Wings dark smoky, veins blackish. Abdomen and sterna black,
mostly.

? duller and less variegated, the orange yellow spot sometimes almost absent.
Pronotum basally and the scutellum olivaceous. Sternites partly pale. Genital
segments pale yellowish ferruginous, ovipositor black. Length ^ 3f, % i,\ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Jan. and Apr., Giffard) on Koolea {Myrsine
lessertiand).

{13) Nesophrosync giffardi, sp. nov.

,J. Head and scutellum bright pale yellow. Pronotum and tegmina French grey,
the latter with a broad black longitudinal stripe along the inner margin of the corium
as far as the apex of the clavus, the stripes on the two tegmina being connected by
a short transverse stripe. Subcostal cell and membrane whitish or hyaline ; apical and
subapical veins suffused with black or smoky. Wings smoky, veins dark. Legs
whitish, second segment of posterior tarsi dark. Sterna blackish. Abdomen black
and white annulate, somewhat irregularly.

% more obscure, the tegminal band absent, or faindy indicated. Sternites mostly
pale. Length ^ 4, $ 4^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins). Oahu: Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Jan., Feb.,
Apr., Giffard). The type is a Kilauea specimen.

(14) Nesophrosync ulaula, sp. nov.

%. Rosy ferruginous, posterior margin of vertex very narrowly pale yellow. Ocelli
ringed around with fuscous. Clypeus narrowly lined exteriorly with fuscous. Meso-
notum, tergites, sternites, femora (at least basally) dark fuscous or black. Labium,
rest of legs etc., pale brownish testaceous (the latter sometimes a little fuscous).
Tegmina dark yellowish ferruginous ; apical cells (except the first) and appendix pale.
Wings pale smoky, veins fuscous. Genital segments dorsally fulvous, ventrally pale
ferruginous, ovipositor dark fuscous. Hypopygium apically sinuate, minutely notched
medially. Length 5I mm.

Hab. Oahu, "Honolulu Mts" (Aug., Perkins).

Var. nigrolineata nov.

Di^"- s from the type by the slightly more angulate vertex, by a dark fuscous,
tran? .rse, percurrent stripe apical of the ocelli, and by the rather yellower tegmina.

Hab. Oahu, Maunaloa, 2000 ft. (Dec, Giffard).

This may be a good species, but I have seen only a single female, and only two
females of the typical form.

F. H. 11. 73

564 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(15) Nesophrosyne bobeae, sp. nov.

Much the appearance of caelicola, but the mark on the vertex is of different
form, and the grill is more clearly defined. Head and scutellum ivory white, the vertex
with a subcrescentic mark (the base of the grill), the lateral margins concave to enclose
the pale ocelli. Frons with a well-defined brown grill, the middle line widening
apically ; clypeus with lateral margins blackish brown, genae and lora sparsely marked
with blackish brown. Pronotum pale olive green. Scutellum with pale olive brown
anterior angles. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with olivaceous, with a slight bronzy gleam ;
subcostal, brachial and claval veins yellowish testaceous, the rest dark olive brown,
suffused at the nodal veins and the first two apicals. Clavus a little soiled along the
commissure, the median cell and inner discoidal cell a little nebulose in the middle.
Wings a little smoky, veins dark. Tergites black. Sternites and legs pale, base of
bristles of hind tibiae blackish. Vertex subangular anteriorly. Pronotum aciculate-
punctate. Exterior subapical cell remote from subcostal vein, angulate exteriorly, one
nodal vein arising from the middle, suffused. Length ^ 4^ , % 5 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1800 ft., on Bobea elatior (Oct., 1906, Perkins).

(16) Nesophrosyne paludicola, sp. nov.

%. Blackish ; a yellowish ferruginous grill on a purplish brown frons ; a whitish spot
on the pronotum near the lateral margins. Scutellum sordid whitish, more or less
suffused (especially apically) with brownish. Tegmina whitish hyaline, claval veins
suffused brown, apical angle brown ; inner half of corium brownish except a narrow
claval margin and one or two apical spots, whitish ; exterior half whitish ; apical
cells mostly brownish. Abdomen mostly blackish brown, hind tibiae blackish brown,
with white spines. Pygophor pale with pale hairs, ovipositor sheath blackish.
Length \\ mm.

Hab. Molokai, 4000 ft. (June, Perkins, i %).

(17) Nesophrosyne palustris, sp. nov.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum and clavus rose pink ; a faint grill, face more or less
fuscous apically. Corium testaceous, closely sprinkled with rose pink. Coxae and
femora (except apex) piceous, rest of legs and abdomen brownish testaceous. Hind
tibiae at base of bristles piceous. Other characters those of N. ulaula, from which it is
readily distinguished by the piceous femora and the rosy hue. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Molokai, Kahanui (Feb., Perkins coll.). One rather immature specimen
in bad condition.

HEMIPTERA 565

{18) Nesoplirosync procel/aris, sp. nov.

Pale yellowish brown, or yellowish testaceous, the tegmina hyaline brownish
testaceous, veins rather yellower (except the subcostal), the two claval veins rather
widely so apically. Exterior subapical cell oval, remote from the subcostal vein, one
nodal vein. Length 5-|^ mm.

Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Aug., 1893, "o. 167).

(19) Nesophrosyne iii})ihicola, sp. nov.

Head black, the frons with a faint ferruginous radiating pattern. Antennae pale.
Pronotum basal of the eyes luteous, above this, also the scutellum, ferruginous.
Tegmina brownish yellow, a large luteous spot on the clavus, a dark fuscous spot of
variable size exterior to this, and a dark fu.scous line from apex of clavus to apex
of tegmina, then curving outwardly a little ; two subhyaline specks near the apex of the
tegmina outwardly. Wings smoky, veins dark. Underside mostly blackish, pleurites
pale or reddish ferruginou.s. Tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, hind tarsi partly black,
hind femora with brownish yellow bristles.

? pygophor reddish ferruginous (fuscous exteriorly at the base) with paler hairs,
ovipositor-sheath blackish. Length \\ mm.

Hab. Lanai, over 2000 — 3000 ft. (2 %% Perkins, Jan.).

(20) Nesophrosyne tmibricola, sp. nov.

Differs from the last as follows :

Frons with better developed pattern. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum sordid yellow.
A fuscous smudge at the base of the tegmina in the middle, fourth and fifth (and a small
part of third) apical cells smoky, first apical and apex of median cell hyaline. Wings pale
yellowish, veins darker. Sternites pale ferruginous. Length \\ mm.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. (i ?, Perkins, Dec).

(21) Nesophrosyne luiiu, .sp. nov.

^. Blackish brown, with a violet tinge. Ocelli pale. Eyes reddish piceous. Fore
and middle tibiae and tarsi mostly pale, hind tibiae with white bristly hairs ; apex of
the first and all the third segment of the tarsi, pale. Tegmina blackish brown, opaque
violet black on clavus, with a small yellow spot ; two hyaline spots near the apex of the
tegmina. Wings hyaline smoky, veins dark. Abdomen blackish brown. Length 4 mm.

H.\B. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Perkins, i $).

73—2

566 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(22) Nesophrosyne imbricola, sp. nov.

$. Head, pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, with four yellowish ferruginous lines,
the two inner short (almost spots), the two outer longer and united transversely
anteriorly. Face pale yellowish ferruginous with a rosy tint, a fuscous more or less
faint pattern on the frons, lateral margins of clypeus narrowly fuscous (or altogether so).
Anterolateral angles of scutellum yellowish ferruginous. Tegmina yellowish ferruginous,
with many faint whitish spots (mostly basally) and four or five small pale yellowish
opaque ones nearer the middle ; two subhyaline spots, one about the middle on the
exterior margin and one apical of that ; apical cells more or less decolored ; there are
also three or four small, dark fuscous spots. Wings smoky hyaline, veins dark. Legs
yellowish brown, fore and hind femora with the basal half blackish, middle femora
entirely black except the extreme apex. Abdomen mostly fuscous, lateral margins
broadly pale, apical margin of sternites pale. Pygophor ferruginous red, with sparse
ferruginous yellow hairs, ovipositor-sheath fuscous. Length 5^^ mm.

Hab. Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins).

(23) Nesophrosyne oneanea, sp. nov.

%. Head brownish testaceous, vertex with two basal dots, a transverse line just
basal of the ocelli and two thin lines at right angles thence to base of vertex at eyes,
dark fuscous. A well marked grill, the apico-interior part suffused, rest of face suffused,
the genae a little less so. Pronotum irregularly dark sublaterally on the hind margin.
Tegmina pale brownish yellow, veins suffusedly brownish fuscous, apical half of radial
and part of subapical-cell-veins, partly yellowish. Wing veins dark fuscous. Legs pale.
Sterna partly fuscous, pygophor orange yellow, sheath black. Verte.x subangular.
Exterior subapical cell subremote, joined to subcostal vein by a suffused broad dark
spot. Length 5-|- — 5:j: mm.

Hab. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Feb., Perkins).

In the other specimen the vertical mark is feeble, while the face is more blackly
suffused, the apical margin of the genae clearly pale, but the tegmina are characteristic.

(24) Nesophrosyne caelicola, sp. nov.

This has very much the characters of bobeae, but I do not think it is the same.
The principal difference is that the vertical marking encircles the ocelli as well, while in
bobeae it is quite clear. A much better series than I have of this and other dubious
forms, is necessary to settle them definitely. Length 5^ mm. [$).

Hab. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Perkins).

HEMIPTERA 567

(25) Nesophrosyne nubigena. sp. nov.

?. Very close to the last, but (except faint traces of the grill), the whole face, the
fore and middle femora (except apices), hind femora, tibiae and tarsi (except the pale
third segment), greater part of sterna and abdomen, the pygophor and sheath etc., black.
Fore and middle tibiae and bristles of hind tibiae, brownish yellow. Some orange
yellow bristles on pygophor. Length 5I mm.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. (Perkins).

This may be the % of caelicola, but I do not think so.

(26) N^csophrosyne haleakala, sp. nov.

Head, pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, the vertex with some small inconstant
fuscous markings, frons with strong, dark fuscous, radiating pattern, apex of frons and
the clypeus blackish brown, almost immaculate, genae and lorae marked inconstantly
with fuscous. Tegmina milky, veins dark fuscous, some of the transverse and apical
ones suffused ; there are fuscous smudgings in most of the cells and the apex of the
middle apical cell is fuscous. Wings smoky, veins dark. Vertex acute-angled, longer
than wide at base and much longer than pronotum, subcircularly impressed in the
middle. Scutellum very small, shorter and much narrower than pronotum. Tegmina
a little shorter than abdomen.

? pygophor pale fulvous, ovipositor blackish brown. Length 3^ mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 9000 ft. (April, Perkins, 2 %%).

(27) Nesoplwosync nimbigcna, sp. nov.

Vertex pale brownish yellow ; a basal dot on each side of the middle and a some-
what sinuate subapical transverse line fuscous. Face brownish yellow, clearer basal of
the ferrugineo-fuscous grill which is fairly well defined but somewhat suffused ; apex of
frons brownish yellow ; rest of face yellowish testaceous, a dark fuscous spot on the
middle of each lora ; the base of the genae and the entire clypeus, dark fuscous.
Pronotum olivaceous, anterior half dark fuscous. Scutellum brownish yellow, antero-
lateral angles (excluding the lateral margins very narrowly) and a submedian spot on
each side near the anterior margin, dark fuscous. Tegmina cinereo-hyaline, veins
brownish or yellowish ; a nebulous band across the middle of the clavus and an apical
blotch on the same, also an irregular blotch on the corium about the middle, part of the
first and most of the second apical cell, dark fuscous. The exterior subapical cell is
remote from the exterolateral margin ; there are two nodal veins, one at each end of
the cell, connecting it with the lateral margins, also another vein basal of the nodals,

568 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the two cells thus formed having a transverse, nearly percurrent, line in the middle
of each. Underside blackish brown. Antennae, labium, legs, incisures of segments etc.,
pale, a blackish spot at base of middle femora [fore femora missing].
^ plates pale ferruginous, extreme apex yellowish.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, over 5000 ft. (Oct., Perkins, no. 636).

(28) Nesophrosyne myrsines, sp. nov.

^. Blackish brown, more or less suffused with bluish ; base of vertex very narrowly,
antennae and ocelli, pale yellow. Pronotum a little paler irregular locally, posterior
angle of scutellum ferruginous. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown, on
the middle third is a broad dark band which starts at the exterior margin and on
reaching the clavus sends out a narrow fork at an obtuse angle, the space on the clavus
between this and the main band being pale yellowish white with a green tinge ; at the
commissure the main band starts back at right angles (thus forming a broad V), and at
the inner margin of the subcostal cell forks, sending one broad, short, branch across the
subcostal and another on to the first apical cell. The exterior area forming the contents
of the "V" is subhyaline, the veins suffused with pale yellowish brown ; the apical part
of the subcostal cell, between the last mentioned fork, is hyaline. The apical part
(obliquely) of the tegmen is smoky, with a paler spot ; wings smoky, veins dark fuscous.
Abdomen black. Genital segments black, with crimson and white hairs. Legs pale
yellowish brown, femora suffused with dark fuscous and tibiae laterally striped with the
same. Length \\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, on Myi'sine.

■ Nymph : ^. Vertex and basal three or four tergites, pale yellow, paler beneath and
on the sides and legs. Eyes and pronotum crimson, the latter anteriorly yellowish.
The mesometanotum and tegmina crimson, tegmina pale yellowish laterally, the former
more or less suffused with blackish brown locally. Apical half of abdomen above
crimson, darkening locally to blackish, eighth segment with particolored hairs (pale
yellowish basally, darkening apically). Tergites 2 — 7 with a lateral blackish bristly
hair close to apical margin. Vertex convex, subangularly produced in front of the eyes,
longer than wide basally.

(29) Nesophrosyne pluvialis, sp. nov.

Superficially not unlike a pale form of Thamnotettix clitellaria.

Black : anterior margin of vertex very narrowly, frons (except apically a little
obscurely), a line down middle of clypeus, antennae, etc., brownish yellow; posterior
half of pronotum, a large semicircular spot on each clavus (united in repose) opaque
creamy ; apex of tegmina smoky, subiridescent ; two large hyaline spots on the apical

HEMIPTERA 569

half exteriorly and a few smaller scattered hyaline specks. Wings smoky hyaline, veins
dark. Legs pale except the posterior tibiae which are greyish black, with whitish
bristles. Apical margin of tergites and lateral margin of pleurites pale. Vertex
scarcely produced beyond eyes, not longer than pronotum.

? pygophor and ovipositor black, the former with sparse whitish hairs.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Dec, Perkins, i ?).

(30) Nesophrosyne ehu, sp. nov.
%. Allied to A^. ponapona. Pale immaculate ferruginous. Tegmina translucently
spotted, subcostal area and apical cells etc., translucent. Wing veins dark fuscous.
Ovipositor-sheath black. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hilo (Apr., Swezey). The type is a
Kilauean example.

(31) Nesophrosyne oreadis, sp. nov.

Pale ferruginous ; vertex ivory white anteriorly and basally, base of frons very
narrowly fuscous. Clypeus, sterna partly, fore and middle femora mostly, blackish
brown, pleurites yellow. Tegmina brownish yellow, or pale ferruginous ; a large pale
yellow spot on clavus with a fuscous edging basally ; corium spotted with hyaline and
the nodals are fuscous. Two nodals, one at the apex and one at the middle of the
remote exterior subapical.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins, no. 656).

(32) Nesophrosyne montivaga, sp. nov.

Somewhat like N. pipturi, but the veins are more suffused etc.

Yellowish (sometimes more testaceous, sometimes tinged with orange or reddish) ;
a narrow curved transverse line at base of frons, genae, lora, clypeus (and sometimes
apical half of frons), sterna, abdomen etc. black. Pronotum varying speckled with
blackish. Tegmina yellowish cinereous, veins mostly blackish brown, varyingly
suffused ; inside some of the cells is a median nebulosity ; two nodal veins almost
united. Length t l\ — \< ? 4 mm-

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hamakua (Apr., Swezey). A Kilauea
specimen is the type. Separated at once from N. pipturi, ponapona and montium by
the clypeus, lora and genae being always blackish.

kii) Nesophrosyne montium, sp. nov.
Ngslv ponapona and montivaga ; from the latter it differs by the genae being always
pale, except the extreme inward part ; from the former by the clypeus and lora being
always dark piceous, except a short ferruginous line on the clypeus, and by the dark
suffused tegminal subapicals. Beneath black.

570 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Z- Pygophor black.

%. Pygophor blackish ferruginous, sheath black. Length, ,? 3^, ? 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Mountain View (March, Swezey).

(34) Nesophrosyne sihicola, sp. nov.

Pale olivaceous, paler beneath ; vertex and scutelIum[vbrownish testaceous, a brown
line on the anterior margin of the former, joining the testaceous ocelli archingly and
also encircling them, a thinner line joining them straightly. Frons tinged with
olivaceous and with a faint grill, the rest of the face yellowish brown, the clypeus
apically more or less fuscate at the sides. Tegminal veins brownish olivaceous, some-
times fading in places ; in others, especially apically and at the nodes, slightly suffused.
The clavus is sometimes a little marked interiorly with brownish olivaceous. Wings
hyaline. Legs testaceous, base of spines on hind tibiae blackish. Pronotum a little
longer than the head, aciculate punctate. Tegmina with the exterior subapical cell
remote from the subcostal vein ; one nodal (median) vein, suffused.

$. Ovipositor sheath blackish. Length, % 5^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August, Perkins), Kona, 4000 ft. (July) ; Hamakua
(April, Swezey). Probably also from Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins). The type is
a specimen from Kilauea.

(35) Nesophrosyne ignigena, sp. nov.

$. Bright yellow, with a greenish tinge ; frons (and sometimes vertex), underside,
legs, etc., yellowish white. Clavus and interior half — irregularly — of corium, opaque
yellowish (sometimes partly greenish), except a couple of hyaline spots each on median
and interior subapical cells ; rest of corium hyaline. Apical cells hyaline, second yellow,
third and fourth a little smoky. Wings smoky basally, veins blackish. Tergites black,
lateral margins broadly pale yellow. Vertex basally about as wide as an eye, interior
lateral margins of eyes slightly divergent, vertex rounded apically, very little produced
beyond eyes, not quite as wide as pronotum. Ovipositor black. First (exterior) sub-
apical cell minute. Length, % \\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July, Giffard), in the Koa-forest (not necessarily on Koa).

(36) Nesophrosyne pele, sp. nov.

Yellowish, tinged with green, vertex with four fuscous specks ; frons with a warm
brown, well defined, radiating pattern ; rest of face (except a small part of the apical
margin of the genae), abdomen (except pleurites partly yellowish) etc., black. Antennae
yellowish. Clavus opaque greenish yellow, veins yellow, two large black spots exteriorly
and three basal and three interior specks. Corium hyaline, varyingly (usually mostly,

HEMIPTERA 571

except the subcostal cell) suffused with blackish brown, veins yellowish, a whitish spot
basal of the middle. In the subcostal cell there is a spot close to the radial cell, and
two nodal veins suffused, blackish brown. Apical cells hyaline, veins blacki.sh brown,
mostly suffused, apical margin suffused. Wings smoky. Exterior subapical cell
exteriorly obtusetriangular, with two short nodals at the angle (very close together)
and another at the base of the cell.

?• Pygophor and last sternite pale, ovipositor sheath black.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Olaa (Sept., Perkins) ; probably also
Kauai (no. 631).

kol) Nesophrosyne umbrigena, sp. nov.

Dark piceous ; ocelli, hind margin of vertex narrowly, and antennal peduncle,
yellowish ; posterior half of scutellum orange brown. Grill merely a yellow lateral line
on frons, with very obscure transverse lines. Tegmina pale ferruginous ; apical half of
clavus dark fuscous with a large whitish spot ; subcostal area medially and apically
subhyaline, with a dark spot at the base, and one or two smaller spots interiorly, a large
dark fuscous spot around the nodal vein. Apical two-thirds of membrane dark fuscous.
Sternites black, pleurites partly brownish yellow. Legs as in N. silvicola. . Length
4f— 5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July— Aug., Perkins). In a damaged example, the
pronotum is largely whitish, and the dark area of the clavus reduced.

(38) Nesophrosyne craterigena, sp. nov.

Orange red, pronotum a little soiled ; apical margin of scutellum irregularly,
narrowly, blackish. Clavus and interior half of corium pale olive greenish, opaque, the
rest hyaline ; two dark fuscous spots in median cell, a spot at the apex of the basal
third of the subcostal cell, one at the nodal vein, and the apex (elongately) of clavus.
The claval veins yellowish medially. Apical third of membrane smoky, first and second
apical veins etc. a little suffused. Length, 4^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona (March, i ^, Perkins).

(39) Nesophrosyne arcadiico/a, sp. nov.

Ferruginous ; the head largely suffused with blackish, except a transverse line near
the apex of the vertex, the frontal margins of the genae and the genal margins of the
frons (on the latter indeed, faint transverse lines, the remains of the radiating pattern).
The hind margin of the pronotum is white, and on the pronotum and scutellum are

F. H. II. 74

5/2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

sparse blackish marks. Tegmina with a broad band across the middle rather obliquely,
a second nearer the apex, and the apex, blackish. A large whitish spot on the clavus,
bordered basally with black. Rostrum and legs pale ferruginous, or brownish testaceous ;
the basal three-fourths of the fore femora, the middle femora, a ring on the hind femora,
the bases (minutely) of the spines on the hind tibiae etc., black. Sternites black (and
probably tergites).

t. Valve very small. Length 4^^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Hilo (April, Swezey).

(40) NesopJu'osync niieniie, sp. nov.

$. Yellowish testaceous ; vertex with a more or less broken cross and four specks,
brownish ; frons with a broken and feeble brownish black radiating pattern. Pronotum
(tinged with green) and scutellum somewhat soiled. Tegmina cinereous, tinged with
green, the closed clavi with a large pale greenish white spot, irregularly and very
narrowly margined with pale fuscous ; corium exteriorly mostly hyaline, veins dark
fuscous, cross veins somewhat suffused ; two subcontiguous nodal veins and one near the
base of the interior' subapical ; some of the cells a little nebulose medianly. Sternites
black, apical segments and pygophor pale greenish white, hairs pale. Head of the
pipturi type.

%. The grill fainter ; pronotum more or less variegated with pale fuscous.
Pygophor brownish yellow, hairs concolorous, ovipositor-sheath ferruginous, narrowly
margined with blackish brown. Head not so angulate anteriorly as in the ^. Eyes
pale castaneous, with a transverse paler bar, narrowly bordered with blackish on each
side, not so distinct in the t as in the %. Length, ^ 4, $ 4^ mm.

Nymph : pale yellow brown, with the following blackish marks : two subcontiguous
specks in the middle and four on the apical margin of the vertex ; two spots anteriorly
and four on the hind margin of the pronotum ; a submedian longitudinal line on the
mesometanotum and a short transverse line at the base which turns off upwards at
right angles for a little space, also one or two spots etc. on the pads ; eight sublateral
and five lateral (basal) spots on the tergites and two submedian specks on the last
tergite. Each of the 26 lateral and sublateral spots emits a black bristle and there are
some of the latter also on the last tergite and on the pygophor. Legs pale, tibiae more
or less striped with black, bristles of hind tibia pale. Antennae more or less fuscous,
flagellum black. (Hamakua, April, Swezey.)

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (April, Swezey, Kirkaldy).
' On one tegmen there is only one subapical, the exterior, both the discoidals being undivided.

HEMIPTERA 573

Subgen. 2. Nesoreias nov.

I. Face dark, with two paler spots i insularis.

\a. Face yellow 2 oaanides.

(41) Nesophrosyne {Nesoreias) insularis, sp. nov.

Vertex and pronotum whitish yellow, the former suffused with fuscous, usually
leaving simply two large subcontiguous pale spots at the base ; pronotum sometimes a
little suffused. Ocelli pale reddish orange, probably not functional. Scutellum yellowish.
Frons blackish brown, basally narrowly obscure, two large contiguous pale fulvous spots
close to this ; genae, clypeus and lorae blackish brown, antennae pale. Underside
yellowish white. Tegmina hyaline yellowish ; clavus opaque pale greenish white ;
subapical line and apical veins suffusedly fuscous ; apex of clavus and apical cells smoky.
Wings smoky, veins dark. Vertex scarcely extending before the eyes. A slender
species.

i. Seventh sternite apically black, two small spots medianly, genital segment red
and black. Length 4 rnm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hamakua (April, Swezey). The type is
a Kilauea specimen.

(42) Nesophrosyne {Nesoreias) oceanides, sp. nov.

Bright yellow ; pronotum a little suffused with greenish. Tegmina with the clavus
bright yellow, a spot at the base and a smaller one at the apex, brownish black, rest of
tegmina brownish black except the apex of the subapical vein, the apical cells, and the
subcostal cell (except basally) etc., hyaline ; veins on these hyaline parts rather suffused
dark fuscous. Subcostal vein pale yellow, except basally. Wings black. Legs pale
yellowish, hind tibiae with the base of the spines etc., blackish. Vertex two-thirds
wider between the eyes at ocelli than at base, one-third wider there than the length.
Pronotum slightly longer than the head. Length 4-^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Aug., Perkins), Hilo (April, Swezey). The type is an Olaa
specimen.

Nymph : Head pale yellowish with some obscure sanguineous lines on vertex ;
nota sanguineous (except lateral margins of pads) ; rest of body whitish or yellowish
testaceous, except apical half of tergites which is mostly sanguineous with a blackish
median line, suffused basally (on apical half). Head has much the shape of the adult's.

Nesosteles Kirkaldy.

Nesosteles Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. Ent. H. S. P. Ent. i. 343.

This is very close to Balchitlia Kirkaldy, and its synonymy depends on whether
N. glauca and N. hebe are congeneric ; the latter seems to differ very little from

74—2

574 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Balclutha, but I have not sufficient material of the latter now for effective comparison,
so that I prefer, for the present, to leave matters as they are.

Conspectus specieruni hawaiiensium.

1. Caput pronotumque viridi-testacea maculis parvis ac lineis inclaris, pallidis

rufo-fuscis. Tegminum venae colore tegminum pallidiores (2).

\a. Caput pronotumque viridescentia vel aureo-brunnea. Tegminum venae
virides (3)-

2. Vertex ante oculos vix productus. Tegminum venae late pallidae. Longitudo

3| — 4 mm I hebe Kirkaldy.

2a. Vertex leviter rotundatim productus. Tegminum venae inclarae, pallidae.

Longitudo 2 mm 2 volcanicola nov.

3. Forma elongata, angusta, satis parallela ; caput pronotumque aureo-brunnea;

tegmina viridescentia ; vertex subtriangulariter productus. Longitudo

4 mm 3 plutonis sp. nov.

3<z. Brevior ? latior, tegminibus ad latera magis rotundis. Vertex ante oculos

rotundatim paullo productus. Longitudo 2\ mm 4 peregrina sp. nov.

(i) Nesos teles hebe Kirkaldy.

Nesosteles hebe, Kirkaldy, 1906, 1. c.

H.\B. Well distributed over the Islands. I have seen it from Kauai, Kealia
(Oct., Giffard) ; Oahu, all over, frequently to light (Kirkaldy, Perkins, Giffard, Swezey,
Terry). Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins).

This seems to be hebe from Viti, though all the examples seen are much less
reddish on the head, being more yellowish green. It may be convenient to distinguish
it varietally as Aospes,

(2) Nesosteles volcanicola, sp. nov.

Closely allied to the above, but much smaller, the verte.x more produced before the
eyes, and the tegminal veins more obscure. The face also has a somewhat incomplete
grill. Length 2 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins, 1906).

I have only seen a few carded examples from Kilauea, but it is probably not
endemic.

(3) Nesosteles plutonis, sp. nov.

Head, pronotum, legs etc. golden brown ; tegmina yellowish green, membrane
hyaline, with yellowish green veins. Abdomen mostly black. Elongate and slender,
head distincdy wider medianly than at the eyes, a trifle more angular in the $ than in
the $. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

• I have seen only a carded pair in Dr Perkins' collection. It is probably endemic.

HEMIPTERA 575

(4) Nesosteles peregrina, sp. nov.

Yellowish green or green. Abdomen below partly faint fuscous. Membrane
hyaline, veins yellowish green. Wings hyaline, veins faint fuscous. Vertex flatter
than in the other three species, distinctly wider in the middle than at the eyes.
Length 2^ mm.

A Kilauea specimen is the type.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, comes to light (Kirkaldy) ; Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins and
Giffard). Probably not endemic.

Macrosteles Fieber.

Macrosteles Fieber, 1866, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien xvi.

I know only a single Hawaiian species, which appears to be endemic.

(i) Macrosteles kilaueae, sp. nov.

Bright yellow, legs etc. paler. Eyes greenish grey. Apical cells of tegmina
hyaline, with yellow veins. Wings hyaline, veins white, sometimes partly fuscous.
There is no appreciable sculpture, except microscopic. Vertex wider between the eyes
than its length, and wider than the eyes together, lateral margins slightly divergent ;
rounded obtusely anteriorly, somewhat convex, roundly obtuse in profile ; frons some-
what convex. Pronotum wider than the head and a trifle longer, lateral margins short,
not keeled, hind margin slightly obtuse-angulately emarginate. Tegminal venation not
very unlike that of M. punctifr-ons, but the first apical vein is sublongitudinal, not sub-
transverse, and the fourth vein is also longer and more longitudinal.

%. Sheath blackish brown. Length 4^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea. I have seen only one carded ?, in Dr Perkins' collection.

Phrynomorphus Curtis.

Phrytiovwiphiis Curtis, 1833, Ent. Mag. i. p. 194.

Athysanus Burmeister, 1838, Gen. Ins. i., Jasstis.

Athysanus subg. Athysanus and Conosanus, Osborn and Ball, 1902, Ohio Nat. u.
232 (not subg. Commellus which is part oi Deltocephalus, sens. lat.).

The synonymy of this and the allied genera is complicated and as the Hawaiian
representative is an introduced form, it is unnecessary to dilate here on the generic
nomenclature.

576 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) P hrynomorphus hospes, Kirkaldy.

Deltocephalus hospes Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. 177.

Phrynomorphus hospes Kirkaldy, 1907, Bull. H. S. P. A. Ent. iii. 60, PI. i.

figs. 13—17-
The last nymphal instar is described and figured in the work last cited (p. 13).
This introduction from Australia and Fiji feeds here on Cynodon dactylon.

Tribe Eurvmelini.

There do not appear to be any of this tribe in the Hawaiian Islands, the two
species collected by Dr Perkins and referred by me to Bythoscopus, belonging really to
the genus Nesophryne.

Stal described two species, B. peregrinans (referred to incorrectly on p. 1 1 5 of
vol. III. as B . peregrimis) and B. vidiius from Oahu, but erroneously\

B . peregritians v^a.s described from Tahiti, Oahu, California and Rio de Janeiro.
It has been since recognized as an Agallia (sens, lat.) by Berg and recorded from the
Argentine Republic ; recently Osborn and Ball (now the highest North American
authorities on Homoptera), believe that a species from California answers to Stal's
description ; they place it close to A. sanguinolenijis, which is an Aceratagallia. It is
perhaps a little doubtful however whether the same species actually has this distribution
from Vancouver to the Argentine. It is well known that the localities recorded in the
" Eugenies Resa" are often quite inaccurate and as B. viduzis is recorded from Tahiti
as well as Oahu, and as nothing like either peregrinans or viduus has ever been recorded
from the Hawaiian Islands, both may safely be expunged from the Hawaiian lists.

Fam. ASIRACIDAE.

The Hawaiian Asiracidae are, as regards the endemic, arboreal forms, characterized
by the spur of the hind tibiae being solid, subcultrate, with rather large teeth ; a
condition known, in outside faunas, only in Proterosydne arboricola Kirkaldy, from
Queensland.

In this family, the male genitalia are of the highest specific, and even generic,
importance ; hence in these islands, as in other countries, females are often very difficult
to determine, unless taken with the males. The colour and pattern of the nymphs are
generally of specific value.

The genera in Hawaii may be separated as follows, but I must remark that
Nesosydne is probably heterogeneous. A considerable proportion of the species, how-
ever, is known only in the brachypterous state, if indeed these latter forms are ever
macropterous, and I therefore prefer waiting a little before founding the probably
necessary new genera.

' Cf. Kirkaldy, 1907, A. S. E. Belg. li.

2a.

HEMIPTERA ^yy

Conspectus generum.

Calcar mobile tibiarum posticarum laminatum, bifidum, dentibus invalidis
instructum. Formae graminivorae [Tribus Criomorphini]' (2).

Calcar solidum, subcultratum, dentibus fortioribus, paucioribus instructum.
Formae arborivorae vel filicivorae, Nesosydne ipovweicola, forma herbivora,
excepta. [Tribus Proterosydnini] (4).

Antennae fere cylindricae (3).

Antennae depressae ac dilatatae 2 Perkinsiella Kirkaldy.

3. Carinae frontis fere ad basim frontis in unum conjunctae 3 Kelisia Fieber.

3a. Carinae frontis fere medio oculorum conjunctae i Peregrinus Kirkaldy.

4. Caput ordinarium ( 5 ) .

4a. Caput perelongatum, abdomine thoraceque simul sumptis longius ... 10 Dictyophorodelphax Swezey.

5. Frons carinis duabus, interdum obsolescentibus, instructa (6).

Sa. Frons carinis duabus, in unum fere ad basim conjunctis, instructa (9).

6. Tegmina baud reticulata (7).

da. Tegmina brevia, venis baud faciliter distinguendis, subreticulatis 6 Nesorestias Kirkaldy-

7. Frons elongata, carinis duabus perdistinctis, subparallelis, instructa 5 Nesopleias gen. nov.

la. Frons minus elongata, carinis lateralibus baud semper faciliter distinguendis ;

si distinctis, tunc rotundatis (8).

8. Frons immaculata 4 Aloha (typ.) Kirkaldy.

2>a. Frons pallida maculata 4a (subg.) Leialoha nov.

9. Formae pergraciles 9 Nesodryas Kirkaldy.

9(7. Formae robustae (i°)-

10. Frons baud maculata 7 Nesosydne Kirkaldy.

loa. Frons pallide maculata 8 Nesothoe Kirkaldy.

Peregrinus Kirkaldy.
Peregrinus Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 175.

( I ) Peregmnus viaidis, Ashmead.

Delphax maidis Ashmead, 1890, Psyche v. p. 323, figs.

D. psylloides Lethierry, 1896, Ind. Mus. Notes in. p. 105, fig.

Peregrinus maidis Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 407; and 1907 op. cit.
III. p. 132, PI. 12, figs. 7 — 8 ; PI. 10, fig. 14.

Pundaluoya simpiicia Distant, 1906, Faun. Ind. Rh. in. 468, fig. 255.

Liburnia psylloides Distant, op. cit. 484.

Hab. All the islands on Zea mays, the adults also on Saccharum officinarum,
Sorghum vulgare, etc. One specimen was taken by Dr Perkins in 1892. This intro-
duced species is found also on Bromus unioloides and Cynodon dadylon in Queensland
(Tryon), and has been collected as well in Fiji, New South Wales, Java. Ceylon, Florida,
Texas, and the Antilles.

' Asiraca atque genera proxima tribum ' Asiracini ' constituunt. Habent haec calcar subuliforme.

578 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Perkinsiella Kirkaldy.
Perkinsiella Kirkaldy, 1903, Entom. xxxvi. p. 179.

(i) Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy.

Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903, 1. c. ; 1906, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 405,
Pis. 26 & 27, figs. 1—5 ; 1907, op. cit. III. p. 137, PI. VIII. figs. 5—8 ; PI. xii.
figs. 2—13.

P. saccharida Kirkaldy, 1906, op. cit. i. p. 406.

Hab. Wherever Saccharum officinaruni is grown in the islands ; now greatly
reduced by various parasites. It has been found in Eastern Australia and Java.

The metamorphoses are partly described and figured in the papers cited above.

Kelisia Fieber.

Kelisia Fieber, 1866, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien xvr. p. 519.

Three species, apparently not endemic, have been found in the islands. I cannot,
however, connect them with any previously described.

(1) Kelisia sporobolicola, sp. nov.

t ?. Yellowish testaceous, keels paler. Face and antennae brownish testaceous,
the frons speckled with yellowish testaceous. Tegmina tinged with cinereous, veins
whitish testaceous, rather thickly granulated with blackish brown. Abdomen above
spotted laterally with blackish brown. The tegmina reach to the middle of the
abdomen, and there are no clear apical cells.

J. Pygophor pale, partly more or less infuscate ; with black genital styles,
oedeagus etc. ; genital styles long and narrow, divergent, apical third acuminate.

$. Pygophor concolorous with the underside.

The type is an Oahuan specimen.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu coast (Oct. i ^, 2 $? Perkins ; March, Swezey and
Kirkaldy); Hawaii, Puako (May, Swezey).

(2) Kelisia szvezeyi, sp. nov.

$. Superficially not unlike the last described, and with not very dissimilar genital
organs, but the pronotal keels are less divergent posteriorly, the tegmina are longer and
less granulate, and the frons is different.

Head, pronotum and scutellum pale fuscous, frons and clypeus bordered with black
inside the pale lateral keels ; rest of body yellowish testaceous, the abdomen sparsely

HEMIPTERA

579

marked with black laterally and on the pygophor. Tegmina rather feebly granulate
with brown, a black speck near the apex of the clavus on the commissure. Head
dorsally very slightly produced beyond the eyes, frontal keels blunt. Tegmina reaching
to about three-fourths of the length of the abdomen, with somewhat clear apical cells.
Pygophor testaceous, a longitudinal line dorsolaterally, the ventral wall of the anal tube,
the genital styles, etc., black ; the last very similar in form to those of K. sporoboli.
Length 2\ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Kalihi (March, Swezey). Only a single specimen, kindly lent to me
by Mr Swezey ; it is the only one he has seen.

(3) Kelisia paludunt, sp. nov.

Z. Brownish yellow, abdomen often largely infuscate ; a dark fuscous spot at the
apex of the commissural area. Tibial spur with 18 minute teeth. Tegmina very feebly
granulate.

The t pygophor is more or less dusky ; genital styles long and narrow, slightly
curved, shortly bifid apically.

%. Immaculate yellow.

Hab. Oahu, Waikiki (Jan. and March, Swezey and Kirkaldy), on Herpestis
ni07inieria and Junciis. These were closely intermingled, and eggs not having been
found, the actual foodplant is not certain.

Aloha Kirkaldy.

Aloha Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 177.

Corresponds to Criomorphus in the Criomorphini. The median keels of the frons
are roundedly arched outwardly, but are sometimes obsolescent in A. myoporicola, which
probably does not belong to this genus. Type A. ipomoeae Kirkaldy.

Conspectus speciemim hawaiiensiuni.

1. Frons nigrofusca, parte apicali quarta saltern, cum sex saltern maculis

utrimque inter carinas submedianas atque margines laterales, pallida,
maculis quibusdam basin versus minoribus. Antennarum segmentum
primum nigrescens [subgen. Leialoha nov., typo naniicola Kirkaldy (2).

\a. Frons concolor, interdum maculis subobsoletis pallidis ornata. Antennarum
segmentum primum nigrescens apud has, pallidum apud illas species... (5).

\b. Frons nitida, nigra, immaculata 7 myoporicola nov.

2. Tegmina vitrea, notis fuscis paucis ornata (3)-

2(7. Tegmina lactea basi ; apice pallida, fusco-notata ; fascia lata, fusco-fuliginea

trans medium ornata. Tegminum pili albi i pacifica nov.

3. Tegmina pallida testaceo et inconspicue granulata, pilis albis i naniicola nov.

3rt. Tegmina rude albo-granulata, pilis fuscis 2 oceanides nov.

F. H. II. 75

58o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

5. Tegmina maculata 4 lehuae nov.

5a. Tegmina baud maculata, commissura apice excepta (6).

6. Forma plus minus rubra 5 ohiae nov.

6<7. Forma haud rubra " 6 ipomoeae Kirkaldy.

(i) Aloha naniicola, sp. nov.

Vertex and pronotum testaceous, the latter fuscous laterally with whitish specks.
Frons darkish fuscous, apical third and some specks, yellowish white ; genae yellowish
white, extreme base fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. Clypeus fuscous with pale keels,
Tegmina hyaline milky with an irregular band along the middle of the membrane, apex
of clavus, etc., fuscous. Femora pallid, with a subapical fuscous ring, the apex sub-
sanguineous. Tibiae testaceous, anterior and intermediate pair with two fuscous rings
on each ; posterior tibiae with one near the base. Length 4 — \\ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae, 3000ft. (Feb., Perkins); Tantalus, 1300ft. (Jan., April,
Giffard, Kirkaldy, Swezey). Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins, Kirkaldy). On Ohia lehua
{Nani polymorpha, also known generically as Metrosideros). The type is a Kilauea
example.

(2) Aloha oceanides, sp. nov.

Vertex, frons, genae and nota dark brown ; all the keels, the basal specks on frons
and the specks on the pronotum, yellowish brown ; apical fourth of frons, apical third of
genae, apical specks on frons, and some at base of genae whitish ; clypeus dark fuscous,
basal half of middle keel pallid. Antennae dark fuscous or blackish (second segment in
immature examples paler dorsally). Ventral part of pronotum and the sterna dark
fuscous. Tegmina milky hyaline, veins (more or less suffusedly) dark brown, strongly
and closely studded with white granules which emit white hairs ; marginal vein yellowish
brown. Tegmina suffused with dark brown as follows : extreme base, a short irregular
transverse blotch extending from marginal vein to median just apical of the junction of
the latter with the brachial (basally it is fairly straight, apically it extends along the
median and subcostal veins about as far again), a large rhomboid spot on the subcostal
cell, at about three-quarters of its length, which extends obliquely on to the median at
its forking. The apical cells have a large irregular T-shaped mark, and the veins are
all suffused, at least apically. Anal and axillary suffused just basal of their union.
Wing veins brownish black. Legs yellowish brown, femora and tibiae annulate with
dark fuscous. Tergites mostly black ; pleurites yellowish brown and dark fuscous
chequered. Length 5^ — 5^ mm.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft. (July — Aug., Perkins, three examples, also one in bad
condition).

In immature examples, the vertex and the disk of the pronotum, etc., may be
pallid.

HEMIPTERA 581

(3) Aloha pacifica, sp. nov.

%. Similar to A. oceanides, but proportionately slightly more robust. The whole
of the tegmina basal of the apical cells is dark smoky except the basal fourth of that
space, the subcostal cell in part, the apex of the clavus, and the tegminal granules, the
latter supporting white hairs. Apical keels of the vertex and the middle keels of the
pronotum and scutellum subsanguineous. Length 5I mm.

This is a quite distinct species, but the male and definite localities are desiderata.

Hab. "Kauai? Molokai ? " (i ?, Perkins).

(4) Aloha lehuie, sp. nov.

Head and pronotum pale ochraceous, the latter a little fuscate partly, scutellum
dark ferruginous. Tegmina hyaline, veins pale, granules pale brown ; a dark fuscous
band across the tegmina close to the base, a short fuscous line at apex of claval cell and
a fuscous smudge along the middle of the membrane. Wings pale smoky, veins
blackish brown. Length 4^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus ; on Ohia lehua {Naiti polymorpha).

(5) Aloha ohiae, sp. nov.

Head pale yellow ; antennae, legs, scutellum, underside, red (sometimes paler).
Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellowish red, veins and granules red. Length 5 mm.

The type is a Waialua specimen.

Hab. Oahu, Waialua, Palolo, Pacific Heights, Tantalus. Hawaii, Kona.
(Perkins, Kirkaldy, Giffard, Terry, Swezey) on Nani polymorpha.

(6) Aloha ipomocae Kirkaldy.
Aloha ipomocae Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 177; and 1908, P. H. E. S. 1.

PI. 4. fig. 9.
This species is usually micropterous, but macropterous forms occur.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, etc., up to the summit on Ipomoea pes-caprae, batatas,
bonanox, tuberculata, insularis, etc. (Perkins, Kirkaldy, Terry, Swezey, Giffard) ;
Makiki, beneath Hilo grass (Nov., Swezey). Hawaii, Paauhau (March, Swezey).

(7) Aloha f myoporicola, sp. nov.

t. Vertex, frons, pronotum and scutellum shining polished black or blackish
brown ; keels of vertex and of extreme base of frons, apical margin (narrowly) of frons.
the clypeus, genae (except a slight line), posterior angle, very minutely, of scutellum,
legs (except femora, a little fuscous locally, and tibiae more or less obscurely annulate),

75— 2

582 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

pale yellowish. Antennae yellowish. Tegmina subhyaline pale yellow, veins yellowish
white, sparsely granulate with brown ; middle two-thirds of tegmen from subcosta to
suture, smoky. Tergites yellowish, sutures blackish, lateral margins variegated with
black, sternites mostly blackish. Labium reaching to hind coxae ; second segment of
antennae scarcely twice as long as the first, the second being about as long as the
median width of the frons. Tegmina micropterous, extending about as far as the apex
of the abdomen, with 5 — 6 apical cells. Spur with eight spines.

?. Usually much paler than the male, the vertex, pronotum, and scutellum being
more or less pallidly suffused, but sometimes these approach the coloration of the male.
Tergites dark with yellowish markings apically. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (July — Sept., nos. 578, 656, 686 & 691, Perkins,
July, Giffard, Dec, April — May, Kirkaldy) on Myoporum sandwicense ; Kona, 4000 —
5000 ft. (June — July, Perkins).

The type is a Kilauean example.

Nesopleias, gen. nov.

This genus has very much the appearance of Nesorestias, but the tegmina are not
reticulate, and the frons has two entire keels. From Aloha, etc. it differs by the form
of the tegmina, and by the elongate frons, which has two fine, very distinct, subparallel
keels, which enclose a sublinear space throughout, meeting just basal of the truncate
apical margin. The genal carina meets the frontal keels acutely. Pronotum with three
straight keels, the lateral ones meeting archedly in front ; all meeting the hind margin
straightly. Scutellum tricarinate.

Conspectus specierum hawaiiensiuni.

I. Tegmina cellulis apicalibus destituta ; margine postica densata i ntmbata nov.

I a. Tegmina cellulis apicalibus instructa ; margine postica ordinaria 2 dubautiae nov.

(i) Nesopleias ttinibata, sp. nov.

%. Pale brownish yellow, paler beneath, the tegmina with a fuscous band just
exterior to the clavus and crossing it at the apex, where it darkens and thickens ; basal
of this band the colour is paler. Tergites blackish brown laterally. Tegmina scarcely
reaching beyond the middle of the hopper, roundedly arched externally, rounded
apically. Subcostal cell and apical margin strongly thickened, especially the latter,
which is not venose. Radial and brachial veins forked obscurely immediately basal of
the apical margin. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1500 ft. (Feb., 1907, Perkins). I have seen only a single
female of this curious form.

HEMIPTERA 583

(2) Nesopleias f dubautiae, sp. nov.

Highly variable in colour, in some examples almost immaculate pale brownish
yellow ; in others, the tegmina and abdomen above are heavily blotched with blackish
brown. These colour variations are not sexual. Spur with nine spines. The pygophor
has a minute spine on the lip. The ^ styles are contiguous to the oedeagus at their
laterobasal angle and are produced ventralwards in a triangular lobe ; using the inner
side of this as a base, they are acuminately and obliquely triangular and are very
different to those of any other Hawaiian species. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (1907, Perkins) ; Konahuanui, 2000 ft. (May, Dec, Swezey)
on Naenae {Dubautia pianiaginea).

Nesorestias Kirkaldy.
Nesorestias Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S., i. p. 205.

(i) Nesorestias Jilicicola Kirkaldy.
Nesorestias filicicola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c.
Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 2000 ft. (Kirkaldy, Swezey, Terry) on ferns.

Nesosvdne Kirkaldy.

Nesosydne Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. 161.

This genus corresponds more or less with Delphacodes Fieber in the section with
non-compressed spur. The type is N. koae, but the genus as now comprehended is
doubtless heterogeneous.

(i) Nesosydne koae Kirkaldy.

Nesosydne koae Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c. ; and 1908, op. cit., PI. iv. fig. 2.

^ %. Pale green, usually yellowing after death. Tegmina hyaline, veins pale
greenish, with fuscous granules. Sutures of tergites narrowly fuscous.

^. Base of tergites and the lateral margins greenish, rest blackish. Genital styles
narrow, elongate, slightly truncately bifid at apex.

%. Ovipositor dark fuscous. Length ^ 3!, ? 4 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1 200— 1 500 ft., on the young leaves of Acacia koa (Perkins,
Kirkaldy, Giffard, Terry, Swezey).

Nymphs pale green.

584 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

var. rubescens Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. p. 161.

Similar to the type and found with it, but larger and with a rosy brownish tinge.
Length ? 4. ¥ 5 ^m.

Nymphs green tinged with roseate.

I have examined some numbers of this sometimes common hopper, but have never
found a brachypterous form.

(2) Nesosydne pipttiri Kirlcaldy.
Nesosydne pipturi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 202, PI. iv. fig. 3.

<?. Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous or blackish, with pale keels, the dorsal
one broadly so and rather suffused. Antennae, clypeus, sterna and legs pale ; femora
partly fuscous. Tegmina whitish hyaline, a fuscous smudge across the middle third,
accentuated by the radial and brachial veins being blackish medially and the ape.x of the
clavus also blackish ; sometimes the darkening is continued more or less to the apex of
the clavus. Abdomen pale sanguineous, with a few scattered blackish marks. Head
dorsally scarcely reaching in front of the eyes, apical margin smoothly rounded ; frons
very smooth, keels almost obsolescent, except as pale lines. Second segment of
antennae |^ths longer than the first. Labium reaching to the base of the hind trochanters.
Lateral margins of pronotal keels curving outwards, but reaching hind margin. Tegmina
rounded apically, not extending as far as apex of abdomen ; with two or three apical
cells. Spur with 7 — ^8 spines, first segment of hind tarsi much longer than the
other two.

%. Pale yellowish, intracarinal areas of vertex and frons rather irregularly fuscous,
not so deeply or entirely as in the Z- Tegmina hyaline, veins pale yellow, a short black
line on the commissure. Tergites sometimes lightly stained with fuscous. Length ^ i|-,
% 2\ mm.

Easily distinguished by the smooth, wide, somewhat polished frons, with scarcely
raised keels and by the green nymphs.

t. Genital styles broad, constricted medially, flatly bifid apically.

Nymphs pale green, paler beneath. Labium reaching to middle of the hind
trochanters. Spur with seven spines.

Hab. Oahu, N.W. Koolau range (825, 786, Perkins, 3 ti)> Tantalus T500 —
2000 ft. (Feb., May, Aug., Oct., Perkins, Giffard, Kirkaldy, Swezey, Terry), Kona-
huanui ridge (Feb., Swezey, Jan., Kirkaldy), on Mamake {Piptunis albidtis); Molokai,
Pelekunu (Oct., Perkins, 3 ??).

(3) Nesosydne halia Kirkaldy.
Nesosydne halia Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. PL 4, fig. 8.

$. Pale luteous ; frons between the keels, pronotum and scutellum (usually except
the keels), dark fuscous. Tegmina cinereohyaline, entire margin pale luteous ; with a

HEMIPTERA 585

tiny dark fuscous speck near the apex of the commissure, or also with an obscure obHque
stripe. Abdomen above sometimes dark apicolaterally ; beneath with dark lateral
wedges on the three middle segments. Frons elongate, broader at the base than at the
apex, keels broad and rather flat. Antennae extending to about the middle of the
clypeus, second segment a little longer than the first. Pronotal keels reaching the hind
margin, then curving around slightly. Hind tibiae longer than tarsi, first segment of
the latter one-third longer than the second and third together. Spur with eight teeth.
Tegmina with three apical cells not nearly attaining the apex of the abdomen. Genital
styles broad at the base, sinuate, apically acuminate, but truncate at the apex, the inner
angle acute. The oedeagus is horned on each side basally.

%. Similar to the ^ but larger ; luteous, the keels paler. Abdomen above mottled
with fuscous laterally on the apical two-fifths, also similarly at the base. Beneath as in
the I?. Tegmina also with a dark fuscous blotch at the apex of the commissural cell.
Length t I, % ^^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. {Perkins, Kirkaldy, Giffard), Pacific Heights ridge
(May, Swezey).

van %. A dark fuscous oblique stripe on the tegmen, varying to pale. Head,
pronotum and scutellum (except keels) dark fuscous.

(4) Nesosydne pele, sp. nov.

Of the general appearance of N. koae, but larger and differently coloured.

Head and pronotum brownish testaceous, or pale olivaceous, the clypeus between the
keels (and sometimes the vertex and frons between the keels), genae and pronotum partly
anteriorly, dark brown or blackish. Antennae testaceous, extreme apex of first segment
dark. Scutellum blackish, or piceous. Tegmina hyaline ; apex of anal cell of clavus dark
brown ; veins brown, rather feebly granulate, black-haired. Legs sordid testaceous,
more or less suffused. Abdomen dorsally and the body beneath mostly blackish.
Pronotal keels divergent, not reaching the hind margin. Spur with about nine spines.
Length 5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins, 1906).

(5) Nesosydne nmbratica, sp. nov.

Pale, rather sordid, greenish yellow ; head between the keels fuscous. Tegmina
with apex of clavus and of subcostal cell dark fuscous. Fore tibiae apically fuscous.
Labium reaching to the apex of the hind coxae. Second segment of the antennae about
one-fifth longer than the first. Tibial spur with 9—10 teeth. Tegmina with five apical
cells, clavus not completely sutured off; apex of subcostal very narrow, truncate,
continuation of the subapical transverse vein. Tegmina not reaching to the apex of
abdomen. Length 4| mm.

Hab. Hawaii.

586 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Nesosydne gouldiae, sp. nov.

Brownish white ; frons and ciypeus between the keels, dark fuscous ; pronotum
and scutellum between the keels, genae, etc., more or less fuscous. Tegmina yellowish
brown, hyaline, veins more or less fuscous, the apical ones yellowish brown, apex of
clavus and of subcostal dark fuscous. Legs and sterna pale yellowish. Tergites more
or less variegated with dark fuscous. Second segment of antennae one-third longer
than the first. Tegmina with the clavus not completely sutured off; three apical cells,
subcostal cell apically acute. Spur with lo — 1 1 spines. Tegmina not reaching to the
apex of the abdomen. Length 4 — 5 mm.

The nymphs of the last instar have the same general colour as the adult, but the
tergites are fuscous except a narrow longitudinal row of spots down the middle (making
a broken line), and two sublateral longitudinal brownish yellow stripes on two or three
segments. There are also some pale specks, etc. Second antennal segment about
twice as long as the first, fore and middle tarsi unjointed, hind tarsi trisegmentate, the
spur with 7 — 8 spines.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (Sept., Perkins, nos. 793 & 805, Nov. — Dec, Perkins)
and Konahuanui (no. 867, March, Perkins) ; also Tantalus (Perkins, Terry) ; Palolo,
1800 ft. (Terry), on Manono {GoJi/dia sp.).

(7) Nesosydne nephrolepidis Kirkaldy.
Nesosydne neph'olepidis Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 203, PI. 4, fig. i.
Hab. Oahu, Tantalus.

(8) Nesosydne iponioeicola Kirkaldy.

Delphax pulcJira Stal, 1854, O. V. A. F. xi. 246; and 1859, Eugenies Resa,
Zool. 275.

Nesosydne ipomoeicola Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 202, PL 4, fig. 4.

Somewhat like A'", kalia, but the pronotal keels are more divergent and curving,
and do not reach the hind margin ; the brachial and radial veins are forked near the
subapical line ; there are five apical cells and the tegmina are a little longer. The frons
is nearly parallel-sided, very slightly (and gradually) narrower basally than apically.
Antennae shorter, scarcely reaching beyond the base of the ciypeus. Basal margin of
tegmina fuscous.

^. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark fuscous, or blackish, keels of head pale.
Sterna, abdomen more or less, etc., dark fuscous or blackish.

$. Similar to the same sex in N. kalia, but the abdomen is more obscure.

HEMIPTERA 587

Vars. Both sexes vary more or less in the following directions, head often scarcely
fuscate. Apex of commissural and of subcostal cells, etc. dark fuscous ; these may
meet and be extended in a large median black blotch in the $. Abdomen often orange
red, more or less marked with black. Length ,? 2-J; ? 3^ — 3-| mm.

Hab. Kauai, 400 ft. (Oct., Giffard) ; Oahu, Honolulu (Stal), Tantalus, 1300 ft.
(Kirkaldy, Giffard, Perkins, Swezey, Terry), on Ipomoea bonanox, etc. ; Honolulu and
Kalihi, sea-level to 50ft., on Jussiaea villosa (June, Swezey); Makiki, 150ft., on
Dolichos lablab (March, Swezey). Hawaii, above Hilo, 1800 ft. (Dec, Perkins, two tt),
Olaa (Nov., Perkins, one $).

This is perhaps the commonest endemic Asiracid. I have not seen Stal's type,
but I have no doubt of the correctness of the identification ; the name given by him,
however, is preoccupied.

Macropterous form. Head with keels brownish yellow, the intracarinal spaces more
or less fuscous. Nota brownish yellow, more or less strongly and entirely suffused /^
with dark fuscous, the keels usually excepted. Tergites mostly blackish brown.
Tegmina hyaline, veins pale testaceous, basal margin and a mark on the commissure
blackish, apical veins (at least apically) and apical margin, also veins of wings, fuscous.
Length 4 mm.

(9) Nesosydne haniadryas, sp. nov.

%. Shining dark fuscous ; keels of frons and clypeus narrowly margined with
fuscous. Antennae, labium and legs, pale yellowish white. Scutellum piceous. Teg-
mina hyaline iridescent, appearing blackish basally, owing to the abdomen showing
through, veins fuscous. Head dorsally scarcely longer than broad, extending very little
beyond the eyes ; lateral margins of frons subparallel. Antennae reaching well beyond
the base of the clypeus, second segment one-half longer than the first. Tegmina reach-
ing well beyond the abdomen, with six apical veins, second and third with a common
base, and the third forked near its base. Pronotum with the lateral keels not reaching
the hind margin but also not curving away. Spur with 10 spines. Length % 4^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (i ?, Perkins, 1906).

I am indebted to Dr Perkins for the loan of this, the only specimen he has taken.

(10) Nesosydne haleakala, sp. nov.

$. Brownish yellow ; genae, clypeus and apical part of frontal keel blackish brown.

Teo-mina with a fuscous stripe obliquely from the base (exteriorly) to apex of clavus,

darkening at the two ends. Tarsi blackish. Tegmina scarcely reaching beyond the

middle of the abdomen, clavus not completely sutured off ; three apical veins, the sub-

F. H. II. 76

588 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

costal cell acute apically. Second segment of antennae about one-fourth longer than
the first. Length 3|- mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (by "grubbing," April, no. 251, 2 $?, also an
example in very bad condition, Perkins).

(11) Nesosydne nephelias, sp. nov.

Z- Head, pronotum and scutellum blackish, the keels widely pale ; antennae and legs
yellowish testaceous, femora long, striped with dark fuscous. Abdomen yellowish
testaceous, partly suffused with brown. Tegmina hyaline cinereous, veins partly
fuscous, a spot at the apex of the subcostal cell and the commissure at the apex of the
clavus, dark fuscous. Venation irregular.

%. Pronotum, scutellum and abdomen less dark.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. and over (Jan. — Feb., Perkins).

(12) Nesosydne procellaris, sp. nov.

^ %. Brownish yellow ; a line on the genae and the lateral margins of the pronotum
and scutellum (rather feebly), dark fuscous. Tegmina brownish yellow, hyaline, base
very narrowly and a transverse smudgy stripe just basal of the subapical veins, dark
fuscous ; veins mostly pale brownish. Apices of tibiae, tarsi etc., dark brown. Teg-
mina brachypterous, with five apical veins (sometimes one may be forked very close to
the apical margin) ; the subcostal is undivided and its apical margin is a continuation of
the subapical transverse vein.

Z- Frons between the keels, apical part of vertex and posterolateral margins of
scutellum all faintly fuscous. Sternites blackish brown, broadly bordered with yellowish,
last segment yellowish, pygophor piceous, styles blackish ferruginous. Tegmina not
reaching as far as the apex of the abdomen. Last tergite truncate apically ; pygophor
not spined in profile, subcircular, lateral margins a little thickened and flattened.

$. Frons between the keels, apical part of vertex, posterolateral margin of scutellum
very narrowly, dark fuscous. Sternites yellowish, marked with brownish. Pygophor
yellowish brown suffused basally with brown, ovipositor yellowish. Tegmina reaching
just beyond the apex of the abdomen. Ovipositor narrow and parallel-sided for more
than its apical half, basally considerably widened, lateral margins of pygophor sub-
parallel , nebenplatten narrow and oblique. Length 4^^ mm.

Hab. Molokai, 3000 ft. (June, 1^,1?, Perkins).

This species is very probably now extinct. It is the bulkiest of the Hawaiian
Asiracidae.

HEMIPTERA 589

(13) Nesosydne pahistris Kirkaldy.

Nesosydne palustris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 202, PI. iv. fig. 7.

^. Head, pronotum and scutellum sordid brownish yellow, scutellar keels darker, the
median suffused ; anterior margin of head darker ; genae and clypeus with paler keels.
Tegmina brownish yellow, hyaline, immaculate except a short, dark stripe on the
commissure at the apex of the clavus ; also .some of the veins dark. Tergites pale
brownish yellow, variegated with blackish brown. Legs and sterna pale yellowish.
Second segment of antennae two-sevenths longer than the first. Spur with nine spines.
There is no continuous subapical transverse line, and the clavus is not completely
sutured off from the corium. There are four apical veins, the subcostal cell being acute
apically. (In one example, there is a supplementary transverse vein in the interior
discoidal cell of one tegmen.) Tegmina reaching not quite as far as the apex of the
abdomen. Last tergite deeply acute-angularly emarginate ; pygophor in profile with a
horizontal spine on the dorsal margin. Length 3^^— 3f mm.

Hab. Molokai, 4950 ft. (Sept., Perkins) and 4500 ft. (Sept., Perkins), two tt on
trees in the excessively wet bogs in the highest points of Molokai. This species is also
probably extinct now.

(14) Nesosydne mibigena, sp. nov.

$. Closely allied to the last, but smaller. Tegmina reaching to about the middle
of the pygophor, with two apical cells only. Spur with eight spines. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Molokai, forest above Pelekunu (July, one $, Perkins). Also probably
extinct.

(15) Nesosydne cyathodis, sp. nov.

Head brownish yellow, the apical margin of frons and genae, clypeus, antennae,
legs (except spur), etc., dark fuscous or blackish brown. Tegmina whitish. Pronotum
and scutellum fuscous with pale keels. Abdomen blackish with pale spots and a broken
pale line down the middle. Tegmina reaching to about three-fourths the length of the

abdomen.

i pygophor black, styles, etc., black ; genital styles in shape somewhat like those
o{ ckainhersi, but more elongate and narrower. Length if mm.

The nymphs of the last instar are of the same general colour as the adult, but the
frons is pale only basally, and the abdomen is rather more marked pallidly.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (April, Swezey, Giffard, May, Kirkaldy), on

Pukeawe {Cyathodes tameiameiae).

76 — 2

590 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i6) Nesosydne raillardiae Kirkaldy.
Nesosydne raillardiae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 203, PI. iv. fig. 5.
Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Swezey) on Raillardia.

(17) Nesosydne chanibersi Kirkaldy.

Nesosydne chanibersi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. PI. iv. figg. 10 — 12.

Yellowish, or pale ferruginous. Tegmina subhyaline, veins mostly concolorous
with the prominent brown granules ; apical margin of tegmina narrowly suffused with
brown, also a very little suffusing round each granule. Each tergite margined apically
with dark fuscous. Length 3 mm.

PL IV. figg. II — 12 of the work cited above, show the venational discrepancy in
the same individual.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (April, Swezey).

(18) Nesosydne argyroxiphii Kirkaldy.

Nesosydne argyroxiphii Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 201, PI. iv. fig. 6, and text-fig. i.

Black ; keels of head and nota, a broken, very narrow line down the middle of the
abdomen etc., testaceous. Antennae dark fuscous, partly stained with dirty testaceous.
Tegmina subopaque, milky, veins fuscous. There are no apical cells and the tegmina
do not reach to the middle of the abdomen. Length 3 mm.

The nymphs of the last instar are brownish testaceous, largely suffused with dark
fuscous.

Hab. Maui, crater of Haleakala (Oct., Perkins, two %%, Swezey, Terry), on
Ahinahina {Argyroxiphiuni sandwicense), at about 10,000 ft. Mr Swezey has kindly
lent me a male, the only one I have seen, to. study the genitalia.

(19) Nesosydne imbricola, sp. no v.

^. Dark fuscous ; keels brownish yellow ; frons and clypeus with broad brownish
yellow median and lateral keels. Antennae and legs brownish yellow, largely suffused
with dark fuscous. Exterior half of clavus and apical fourth of tegmina cinereous
hyaline, also most of subcostal cell, the rest fumate with one or two small hyaline spots ;
a spot at apex of commissural area and another at apex of subcostal area, the subcostal
vein, etc., dark fuscous. Tegmina feebly granulate, not reaching beyond about three-
fourths of the length of the abdomen. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (March, April, one ^, Perkins).

HEMIPTERA 591

(20) Nesosydne monticola, sp. nov.

?. Black ; submedian keels of vertex (and sometimes of the base of the frons) pale.
Pronotal keels obscurely pale ferruginous. Tegmina cinereo-hyaline, largely suffused
with fuscous (almost altogether except a hyaline transverse stripe near the apical
margin); veins mostly dark fuscous. The frons has a few pale specks along the lateral
margin and three along the middle keel on each side (the latter sometimes obsolescent).
Antennae more or less dark fuscous. A row of pale specks down the middle of the
tergites, the apical two or three segments spotted or specked (individually) pallidly.
Tegmina reaching to about three-fourths of the length of the abdomen ; mostly four
apical cells. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 8000 ft. (April, three %%, Perkins).

Nesothok Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'c Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 202, fig. 2.

An endemic genus of ten species, males of which 1 have seen in three species. It
corresponds somewhat to Chloriona in the "laminate-spurred" series. Beyond the
spur, it differs by the sudden compression of the tegmina at the base of the apical cells,
the stronger excavation of the vertex and the union of the submedian keels of the frons

closer to the base of the latter. First segment of the antennae not, or scarcely, as long
as wide, about one-third of the length of the second segment (typically), which is rather
flattened ; clypeus tricarinate. Tibial spur subcultrate, compressed, solid, narrow and
elongate, with 7 — 10 strong teeth. In all the species, the frons is marked transversely,
more or less clearly, with pale, broken lines and spots. Type N. Jietus.

The species are separable as follows :

1. First segment of antennae blackish or dark fuscous (or if pale, then the second

is blackish) ( 2 )

I a. Antennae pale (6)

2. Frons basally dark with pale markings, apically white (3)

2a. Frons pale brownish yellow with whitish specks and a whitish suffused blotch

in the middle ; tegmina brown with a broad white basal band and an

exterolateral crescent of the same hue i y?t'///j- Kirkaldy.

3. Vertex and pronotum white ; tegmina immaculate 2 Imla Kirkaldy.

3a. Vertex and pronotum pale yellowish or brownish; tegmina maculate (4)

4. Apical third of tegmen not maculate, some of the veins narrowly suffused ■>> frigidula Kirkaldy.

4a. Apical third of tegmen irregularly suffused, at least one of the cells smoky ...(5)

5. Tibiae whitish, clearly annulate with brown 4 bobeae Kirkaldy.

5a. Tibiae brownish yellow, feebly annulate $ perkinsi Kirkaldy.

6. Apical part of tegmen not blotched (7)

6a. Apical part of tegmen blotched with brown (9)

7. Tegmen with an oblique band near the base (8)

7a. Tegmen only suffusedly smoky 6 /aka Kirkaldy.

592 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

8. Larger, tegmina milky 7 piilani Kirkaldy.

8«. Smaller, tegmina not milky, face more clearly spotted apically 8 terryi Kirkaldy.

9. Second segment of antennae four times as long as the annuliform first q pluvialis Kirkaldy.

9a. Second segment less than three times as long as the non-annuliform first 10 silvestris Kirkaldy.

These species are distributed as follows :

Kauai: liula, phivialis. Oah\i: perkinsi, bobeae, terryi. yioXokdJi: piilani. Lanai :

silvestris. Maui : fletus, laka. Hawaii : frigidula.

(i) Nesotho'c fietits Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e fletiis Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 204.

t%. Head and pronotum yellowish, with paler keels, the pronotum fuscous laterally
with pale granules ; frons with a number of white specks all over the middle third, and
a suffused white blotch about the same place ; clypeus fuscous. First segment of
antennae black, second fuscous. Scutellum brownish ferruginous, with paler keels.
Tegmina warm brown, the base broadly white, produced a little on to the clavus, a
large crescentic white area on the apical half exteriorly and a few spots apically ; veins
mostly pale with brownish granules. Sterna and sternites pale. Femora and tibiae
piceous ; the former pale or sanguineous, basally and apically, the latter annulated with
brownish yellow or sanguineous ; tarsi pale. Frons slightly more than twice as long as
broad, laterally gently rounded. Second segment of antennae scarcely three times as
long as the first, somewhat more rounded in profile than the other species, first about as
broad as long. Spur with eight spines. Length $ \\; ? 4|- mm.

The name "fletus" is in allusion to the battle of " Ke Paniwai " in 1776, when the
lao River was " choked " with the slain.

Hab. Maui, Western Mts, lao Valley (March, Perkins, one ?, and July, one ^,
Swezey). Easily recognized by the broad warm brown band down the white tegmen.

(2) Nesotho'e hula Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e hula Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

(?. Vertex and pronotum white, lateral margins of the latter blackish ; base and apex
of frons rather narrowly, middle keel, three short transverse lines in the middle etc.,
white, the rest dark fuscous ; genae (except the white apex), clypeus, first segment of
antennae, scutellum (except the posterior angle minutely, and a few specks on the
posterolateral margins) black, keels of scutellum sometimes ferruginous; second segment
of antennae fuscous. Tegmina hyaline, veins on clavus and corium pale, with minute
fuscous granules, subcostal veins and veins on membrane fuscous, two or three blackish
marks on commissure ; marginal vein fuscous. Legs pale, femora longitudinally striped
with black. Abdomen apparently mostly black. Frons narrowed basally. Second
segment of antennae about three times as long as the first, which is longer than broad.
Spur with eight spines. '

HEMIPTERA 593

%. The black in the male is replaced by yellowish brown, except the first segment
of the antennae, and two or three spots on the vertex and a few on the genae, also
the marks on the commissure. Sternites pale, ovipositor dark. Length ^ \\, % ^\ mm

Easily recognized by the spotless tegmina and dead white head and pronotum.

Hab. Kauai, high plateau (Aug., Perkins, two H, two ??, nos. 96 and 631).

(3) Nesotho'e frigidula Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e frigidtda Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

%. Pale (or dark) yellowish brown, paler beneath ; apical third, or two-thirds, of
frons and specks on the basal part pale ; second segment of antennae blackish. Tegmina
hyaline tinged with cinereous, feebly granulate, veins almost concolorous, except the
subcostal and 2nd — ^4th apicals, which are fuscous. Near the base of the tegmen there
is a broad, suboblique, fuscous band. Wings hyaline, veins fuscous. Length 4^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, over 2000 — 3000 ft. (Sept. — Oct., 2 %%, Perkins).

(4) Nesotho'e bobeae Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e bobeae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. text-fig. 2 (venation).

t %. Vertex and pronotum cinereous, the latter fuscous laterally with pale granules.
Frons fuscous, (apically whitish), three or four elongate pale spots medially, the fourth
nearly on the apical pale part, and very narrowly ringed with brown ; also pale specks
laterally. Clypeus fuscous ; genae dark fuscous basally, pale apically. Scutellum sordid
pale brown, fuscous laterally. Tegmina cinereous hyaline, veins pale, with dark fuscous
granules closely set, corium and clavus suffused discally with fuscous, also sparsely on
apical cells (especially the middle one), ist— 3rd apical veins suffused with dark fuscous.
First segment of antennae black, second dark fuscous. Sterna and legs pale, the latter
annulate with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous mostly. Frons about 2^ times as
long as wide, narrow ; lateral margins vertically reflexed. Labium reaching nearly to
hind coxae. Second segment of antennae nearly three times as long as the first, which
is as wide apically as long. Spur with seven spines. Length 4 mm.

In the male, the penultimate sternite is deeply subangulately emarginate, the last
slightly so.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (Dec, 2 <?^, Perkins), Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Dec,
Giffard, Perkins), on Bobea.

(5) Nesotho'e perkinsi Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e perkinsi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

$. Vertex, basal two-thirds of frons, base of genae, scutellum, etc. piceous ;
pronotum dark fuscous; keels, granules, and 15 — 16 specks on frons — some of which
may fuse, forming three short transverse lines — pale brownish yellow. Apical third of

594

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

frons and apical f of genae, whitish. First segment of antennae black, second brownish
yellow. Tegmina cinereous hyaline, veins pale with fuscous granules, apical veins
fuscous, first three suffused ; an irregular smoky smudge near the middle of the corium,
another on the apical cells interiorly, spreading a little on to the corium. Legs pale
brownish yellow, femora marked and tibiae annulated, with brown. Tergites piceous
or blackish, sutures pale. Frons scarcely twice as long as broad, lateral margins
regularly rounded, frons little wider apically than at the base. Second segment of the
antennae more than three times as long as the first. Spur with nine spines. Length
? 4|— 5 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (Sept., Perkins, over 2000 ft., Oct., Perkins, 5 %%) ;
Tantalus (1906, Perkins); Palolo (March, 1800 ft., Swezey), on Myrsine sp.

V--^

(6) Nesothoe piilani Kirkaldy.

Nesothoe piilani Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

Pale yellow, disk of scutellum fuscous. Vertex and base of frons sordid pale
brownish yellow, rest of frons paler and clearer, with scarcely perceptible paler, short,
cross lines. Antennae testaceous, extreme apex of first segment partly fuscous.
Tegmina milky hyaline, an undulating fuscous line near the base of the tegmen and
parallel with it, faintly smoky a little apical of this. Veins mostly pale, apical ones
a little darker, granules brown. Legs pale, apex of femora and base of tibiae a little
fuscate. Tergites more or less fuscate. Second segment of antennae more than three
times as long as the first, which is scarcely longer than wide, lateral margins regularly
rounded, frons a little wider apically than at base. Ovipositor dark. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 3000 ft. (June, Perkins, i $ in bad condition).

(7) Nesothoe terryi Kirkaldy.

Nesothoe terryi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

Very close to the preceding, but smaller, the frons more clearly spotted apically
and the tegmina not milky. Length i^^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range (Perkins, 3 $$, no. 428).

(8) Nesothoe laka Kirkaldy.

Nesothoe laka Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

%. Pale brownish yellow, scutellum fuscous between the keels. Frons slightly
suffused with fuscous, with pale median keels and four specks on each side in a longi-
tudinal row. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellowish cinereous, a little smoky in part ;
marginal vein tinged with sanguineous ; other veins pale with closely set, small, fuscous

HEMIPTERA 595

granules ; a small short fuscous line on the corium near the apex of the clavus, the
apices of most of the apical veins a little suffused. Legs yellowish white, fore tarsi
banded with fuscous. Frons somewhat like that of N. fletus. Second segment of
antennae about three times as long as the first, which is rather less cylindric than in the
genotype, and which is much shorter than broad. Ovipositor dark. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Maui, lao Valley, Western Mts. (March, Perkins, i %).

(9) Nesothoc pluvialis Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e pluvialis Kirkaldy, 190S, op. cit.

$. Pale yellowish (or tinged with sanguineous) ; keels, three transverse lines — not
nearly reaching the lateral margins — a few spots on frons etc., paler. Tegmina hyaline,
basal half (except the base, etc.) faintly smoky, an irregular brown blotch on the apical
cells, apices of apical veins suffused ; granulations dark, close ; marginal vein sanguineous.
Tibiae and tarsi pale, base of forme' piceous ; femora piceous, apex sanguineous.
Tergites partly fuscous. Frons widening towards the apex, about three-fourths longer
than wide aoically. Antennae like those of the genotype, second segment about four
times as long as the first, which is annuliform. Spur with seven or eight spines.
Length 4 — 4-^ mm.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft. (no. 510, May, Perkins, i $), and Koholuamano,
4000 ft. (no. 526, April, Perkins, 2 %%) ; Head of Koloko Ditch, 800 ft. (Oct., Giffard).

(10) N^esotlioc silvestris Kirkaldy.

Nesotho'e silvestris Kirkaldy, 190S, op. cit.

Pale sordid fuscous ; the frons with three transverse lines and some specks, and the
apical margins narrowly, whitish yellow ; genae apically pale ; clypeus dark fuscous ;
antennae brownish white. Tegmina c'^^^reous hyaline ; veins naturally pale, but often
suffused with dark fuscous ; a curved dark fuscous stripe on the subcostal, extending
over the middle three-fourths and touching the radial internally about the middle of the
scutellar margin triangularly from this inwards, the corium and a part of the clavus
smoky ; apical and subapical veins mostly dark fuscous suffusedly, a blotch on the
interior part of these cells ; granules rather feeble, with pale hairs ; subcostal cell pale
brownish yellow, except where the curved stripe touches it basally and apically. Femora
and tibiae brownish yellow, biannulate with dark fuscous, tarsi dark fuscous. Labium
reaching to hind co.xae. Spur with eight spines. Frons about twice as long as broad,
about as wide apically as basally, lateral margins gently rounded ; keels of genae and of
frons not meeting apically. Second segment 2| times as long as the first, which is
longer than broad. Length % \\ — 5 mm.

Hab. Lanai, Koele Mts., 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins, 2 $$).

F. H. II. 71

596 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Nesodryas Kirkaldy.

Nesodryas Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. pp. 201 & 203.

Somewhat allied to Megamelus Fieber, but the basal segment of the antennae is
shorter than wide, not more than one-fourth of the length of the thickened second ; the
hind tibiae are distinctly longer than their tarsi, and the first segment of the latter is
more than twice as long as the others together. Veins of tegmina feebly granulate ;
five apicals, the second and third with a common stalk, fourth forked near apex. Tibial
spur solid, narrow, with 4 — 7 strong spines. Type N. freycinetiae. The species of
this genus are perhaps the most delicate of all the Asiracidae.

The four species may be separated as follows :

1. Vertex and pronotum each with two small, but conspicuous, dark fuscous

spots I freycinetiae Kirkaldy.

\a. Vertex immaculate (2)

2. Vertex and pronotum immaculate, pale (3)

2a. Vertex black 5 dryope, sp. nov.

2b. Vertex pale, pronotum dark smoky 2 elaeocarpi \\\x\jd\A-^.

3. (? $ • Pale greenish testaceous; tegmina milky coloured 3 giffardi Kirkaldy

3a. (J 9 . Pale brownish yellow. $ tegmina greyish hyaline ; $ tegmina

yellowish hyaline with the interior half pale orange brown, or yellowish

fumate 4 ei/geiiiae Kirkaldy.

(i) Nesodryas freycinetiae Kirkaldy.

Nesodryas freycinetiae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 203.

Z %. Greenish testaceous (the green often fading locally), or even changing to
pale orange brown ; clavus and inner half of coriuni and of membrane, the abdomen,
etc., suffused with pale reddish brown (sometimes also pronotum and scutellum). Vertex
and pronotum each with a couple of small conspicuous blackish brown spots. Apex of
first apical cell and adjoining exterior margin of tegmen, apex of inner apical cell, etc.,
fuscous. Vertical keels faint. Length ^ $ 4 — 4^ mm.

The t pygophor has a very long, subascendant, lateral spine on each side ; the
genital styles are narrow.

The nymphs have been described by Swezey (1908, P. H. E. S. 11.).

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts., 2000 ft. (Nov., Perkins, i %) ; Pacific Heights ridge,
1500 ft. (May, Swezey); Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Jan., April, Oct., Dec, Giffard), on leie
{Freycinetia ai'borea) ; also reported from Acacia koa, but certainly in error.

(2) Nesodryas elaeocarpi Kirkaldy.

Nesodryas elaeocarpi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

Head, antennae, etc., greenish testaceous. Eyes blackish grey. Pronotum dark
smoky. Labium and legs (except the black tip of the former, and black hind femora
and base of hind tibiae) testaceous. Tegmina hyaline with a broad dark fuscous stripe

HEMIPTERA 597

along the middle ; veins not on this stripe testaceous. Wings pale smoky with dark
brown veins. Tergites black ; sternites mostly pale greenish. Pygophor, etc., black.
Length % 4^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (April, 1906, Perkins, Swezey), on Elaeocarpus bifidiis.

(3) Nesodryas giffardi Kirkaldy.

Nesodryas giffardiYJvcVsXAy, 1908, op. cit.

Pale greenish, fading after death. Eyes and claws dark fuscous. Tegmina sub-
hyaline milky, with white hairs ; veins greenish testaceous (fading), a short fuscous line
at the apex of the commissural cell ; the base of the tegmina varyingly narrowly and
rather faintly fuscous ; interior apical cell usually faintly fuscous. Labium reaching
to, or a little beyond, the base of the hind femora. Length Z % 4 — 4i ittti-

Hab. Oahu, Maunawili, 800 ft. (Febn, March, Giffard, Swezey), on Olona
{Touchardia latifolid) and Cyrtandra grandiflora \ Tantalus (Perkins).

(4) Nesodryas eugeniae Kirkaldy.

Nesodryas eugeniae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit.

J. Head, pronotum, scutellum and underside pale yellow. Tegmina subhyaline,
appearing silvery grey basally owing to the dark body beneath, apical third pale smoky.
Wings hyaline, veins dark.

%. Pale luteous, or pale brownish yellow, testaceous beneath, immaculate ; scutellum
and tergites pale orange brown. Tegmina with exterior half of entire length more or
less hyaline, inner half yellowish fumate, or pale orange brown, veins and granulations
pale ; sometimes the base of the commissural cell, apices of apical cells, etc., a little
fuscous. Ovipositor blackish. Length Z 4. % Ah "Tirn.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Perkins; Jan., March, April, Giffard); Palolo
(Sept., Swezey) on Ohiaha {^Eugenia sandwicensis).

(5) Nesodryas dryope, sp. nov.

$. Vertex shining black, also the pronotum (except the varyingly pale brownish
posterior margin). Frons, genae, and antennae pale yellowish white, first segment of
last partly blackish. Eyes reddish. Scutellum fuscous or blackish. Abdomen above
blackish brown Tegmina hyaline, basal veins colourless, the apical veins, the subcostal,
and the veins of the wings, fuscous ; an oblique fuscous smudge on the tegmina near the
base, a dark fuscous mark near the apex of the clavus. Femora, and tibiae basally,
dark fuscous, rest pale. Head dorsally longer than wide, produced a little in front of
the eyes ; keels strong and well cut ; frontal keels uniting close to the base, filiform, not

77—2

598 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

parallel. First segment of antennae annuliform, second short, not reaching to the base
of the clypeus. Tegminal veins feebly granulate, five apicals, the second forked near
the base. Spur with 5 — 6 spines. $. Ovipositor scarcely as long as the pygophor.
Tegmina reaching well beyond the apex of the abdomen. Length 3-| mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (Feb., 1906, Perkins, ?), ridge near Tantalus (Dec,
Swezey, $) ; Kauai, Koloko (800 ft., Giffard, Oct.).

The type is a Tantalus specimen.

DiCTYOPHORODELPHAX Swezey.
Dictyophorodelp/iax Svjeze.y, 1907, P. H. E. S. i. p. 104.

(i) Dictyophorodelphax mirabilis Swezey.

Dictyophorodelphax mirabilis Swezey, 1907, op. cit. p. 105 ; and 1908, op. cit. 11.

2, text-figg. I — 4.
Swezey has described and figured the ultimate nymph (1908, I.e.).

Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui, 2200 — 2500 ft., in mixed sweeping, but probably on
sedges (Swezey, Terry, Feb., Dec).

Fam. CHERMIDAE.

( = Psyllidae auctt. et huj. op. in. p. 113.)
Dr Perkins' collections from 1892 — 1902 are in the hands, I understand, of
Mr E. A. Schwarz. I add only two to my former enumeration, though I took at
least ten new species recently during a visit to Kilauea, Hawaii.

Hevaheva Kirkaldy (huj. op. in. p. 113).

(i) Hevaheva monticola Kirkaldy.

Hevaheva vionticola Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 205.

I originally described this from a carded pair taken recently by Dr Perkins at an
elevation of about 2000 ft. on Tantalus, Oahu. I have since secured a pair taken about
the same place by Mr Swezey.

Hab. Oahu.

(2) Hevaheva stives tris Kirkaldy.

Hevaheva silvestris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 206.

Described from a single example taken by Dr Perkins on Tantalus ; I have since
secured another specimen taken at the same place by Mr Swezey.

Hab. Oahu.

HEMIPTERA

Fam. APHIDAE.

599

H. &. Barbsr,
U. S. National Mu»oum,
VVaa.iington, 0. C.

There are apparently no endemic Aphidae in Hawaiia. In a recent paper (1907,
P. H. E. S. I. pp. 99—102), I recorded four species, viz.: Myzus ciiricidus Kirkaldy,
Aphis rosac (Linn.), Loxerates saccJiari (Zehntner) and Myzocallis kahaivaluokalani
Kirkaldy. Aphids on Sorghum, Sonchiis, Hibiscus and Cabbage, have not been studied
sufficiently fully yet, and I recently found another species at Kilauea, Hawaii, on
grasses etc. All these are probably introduced.

Fam. ALEYRODIDAE.

Six species of Aleyrodes, none apparently endemic, have been enumerated by
Kotinsky in my recent Catalogue of this family (1907, Bull. Board Agric. Hawaii 11.),
viz. : giffardi, hibisci, kirkaldyi and sonchi of Kotinsky, vaporariorum Westwood, and
an unnamed species on Coffea.

Fam. COCCIDAE.

Since the first part of this contribution was published, (huj. op. iii. pp. 102 etc.), a
revised list has been issued (1904, Entom. xxxvii. pp. 226 — 30, with a bibliography),
totalling 53 species, a net increase of five.

6oo

Supplement
by R. C. L. Perkins

to
HYMENOPTERA.

Previously treated in Vol. I.

HYMENOPTERA.

In describing numerous additional species of Hawaiian Hymenoptera, I have, for
convenience, arranged the genera and species nearly in accordance with Ashmead's
Classification, as set forth in Vol. i. pp. 279 — 281 of this work, and have adopted the
superfamily Divisions, as enumerated by him. At the same time, I think it would be
more natural to combine the whole of the Aculeata together with the Chrysididae,
Bethylidae and the Proctotrupoidea in one large group, as in fact Sharp has already
suggested. Failing this, a greater number of superfamilies, equivalent to those of
Ashmead, should be adopted, e.g. one for the Chrysididae and another for the Myma-
ridae. The latter appear to me to be equivalent to all the other families of the
Chalcidoidea taken together. In any case Ashmead's characters for superfamilies and
lesser groups need defining anew, for those that he gives are frequently altogether
inadequate or incorrect. I need only instance the Chrysididae and Dryininae (Bethy-
lidae) which he places in his Vespoidea, in spite of the fact that hosts of the species
have not the thoracic structure he assigns to the superfamily. Similarly some charac-
teristic Sphecoidea have the pronotal angles attaining the tegulae and would be placed
in the Vespoidea in accordance with his tables. His characters for the Mymaridae are
quite erroneous. In drawing up his generic characters I should imagine that his
extraordinarily acute sight led him to almost entirely neglect the precaution of dissecting
the smaller forms. The Monograph of North American Proctotrypidae, the most
elaborated of his works, suffers greatly from this neglect. Most of the genera, that I
have examined, in that group, have quite different mouth-parts from those described
by him. It is much to be desired that a thorough revision of Ashmead's tabular
classifications should be made by those entomologists, who have access to his collections.
It is greatly to be deplored that he should not have lived to accomplish this himself,
after having laboured so long and so successfully for the advancement of our knowledge
of his favourite Order of insects.

HYMENOPTERA 6o^i»

APOIDEA.

Fam. PROSOPIDAE.

Nesoprosopis Perkins.

Nesoprosopis Perkins, huj. op. i. p. 75.

I have made a dichotomous table for distinguishing the numerous species of this
large genus. The females I am unable to tabulate at present. Unfortunately one

species N'. nivalis, of which the male is known, was omitted in the table. It would '

there be identified as N. anthracina, from which it is at once distinguished by the '

unusually long hairs clothing the front of the head and the thorax and the yellow base
to the hind tibiae.

Another species, N. ci'abronoides, was not known to me in the male sex, when I
made the table, but I have since taken it numerously at Kilauea, the only known )

locality for this remarkable little insect. It may be included in the followine manner :

20. Prothorax with yellow marking 20a. '

Prothorax without yellow marking 23.

20a. Hind tibiae widely yellow at the base but the tarsi entirely dark N. crabronoides.

Hind tibiae or tarsi or both otherwise coloured 21.

Synopsis of Nesoprosopis $$.

1. Genital armature with the stipites produced so that in dorsal aspect they

extend far behind the apex of the sagittae, more or less membranous
apically and forming an apical (often blunt) angle at the end of their inner

margin, this apical part being n. ^re or less deflexed 2.

Genital armature usually with the stipites hardly or not at all extending
beyond the apex of sagittae in dorsal aspect, their apex well rounded not
forming an angle inwardly with the inner margin and not membranous ...5.

2. Posterior tibiae not distinctly whitish or yellow at the base 3.

Posterior tibiae white or yellow at the base 4.

3. Stipites of genital armature fringed with hairs right to the apical inner angle ...N'. simplex.
Stipites with hairs on their outer margin, which become very short and incon-
spicuous or altogether fail near the apex N. facilis.

4. Process of eighth ventral segment with long bifurcation at apex; face not very
wide N. chlorostida.

Process of eighth segment without long apical bifurcation ; face very wide N. hirsutula.

5. Second segment of the abdomen without a definite puncturation and never
with a distinct metallic reflection, species rarely large 6.

Second segment evidently punctured or with a metallic reflection ; species
large 37-

6. Process of eighth ventral segment linear or sublinear, not dilated ; face below
the antennae never with three widely separated yellow spots 7.

Process of eighth ventral segment nearly always dilated, at least expanded at
its flexure; or if not dilated the face below the antennae bears three
widely separated yellow spots • lo-

]

602 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

7. Scape of antennae not much dilated, about twice as long as wide on its broad

surface 8.

Scape of antennae strongly dilated, subtriangular, not twice as long as wide ...N. anthracina.

8. Cheek between the eye and mandible distinct and rather long, plate above the

clypeus generally narrow and elongate, basal joint of antennae less arched

beneath N. volcanica.

Cheek short or very short, plate above the clypeus short ; scape more strongly
arched beneath 9.

9. Process of eighth ventral segment without a longish apical bifurcation ; pubes-

cence of mesonotum rather long N. difficilis.

Process of eighth segment with longish bifurcation : pubescence of meso-
notum short N. laeta.

10. Scape of antennae little or not at all dilated, twice as long as wide or more

than twice, face below the antennae wholly or nearly all yellow, at most
the post-clypeal plate and the clypeal sutures being black, the yellow
colour always continued back above the line of insertion of the antennae
along the inner orbits ; abdomen never conspicuously ferruginous on the

basal segments 11. 1

Scape nearly always distinctly, often strongly, dilated, nearly always less than j

twice as long as wide ; in species, where least dilated, with the hind
margin at least strongly curved not very gently curved as in the above
group, frequently subtriangular or even subcordiform ; face in front of the
antennae rarely largely yellow and with this colour produced behind the
antennae along the eye-margins and if so then either the hind margin of
the scape is quite strongly rounded or the basal abdominal segments are
ferruginous 15.

11. Face wholly yellow in front of the antennae 12.

Face not wholly level in front of the antennae, at least part of the post-clypeal

plate black, the yellow colour produced back along the eye-margins as a

narrowing vitta N. ohscurata.

12. Scape of antenna with a yellow mark apically or with a complete yellow line ...N. blackburni.
Scape not so marked ; face elongate 13.

13. Posterior tibiae yellow with a fuscous stain behind N.flainpes.

Posterior tibiae black at most yellow at the base and apex 14.

14. Face longer, apical margin of post-clypeal plate much shorter than its sides to

the antennal fossa N. longiceps.

Face shorter, apical margin of post-clypeal plate about as long as its side N. finitima.

15. Abdomen not conspicuously ferruginous on the basal segments; at most (as

a variation) with a piceous, dull reddish or immature appearance 16.

Abdomen conspicuously ferruginous basally 35-

16. Scape of antennae not arched beneath, its lower edge straight or almost

straight 17.

Scape distinctly arched beneath 20.

17. Anterior area of propodeum somewhat coarsely rugose all over N. haleakalae.

Anterior area at most with short wrinkles in front; species very small 18.

18. Process of eighth ventral segment not distinctly dilated N. tmitata.

Process dilated dorsoventrally 19.

1 9. A very conspicuous deep black median area behind the antennae N. dnmetorum.

Deep black area not or hardly noticeable N. angustula.

20. Prothorax with yellow marking 21.

Prothorax without yellow marking 23.

HYMENOPTERA 603

21. Face extremely wide; the supra-clypeal plate extremely wide and short 22.

Face not wide and transverse ; supra-clypeal plate with the apical margin

about equal in length to its side as far as the antennal fossa N. kona.

22. Clypeus for the most part or entirely yellow ; wings nearly clear ^V. kauaiensis.

Clypeus with a yellow spot, wings dusky N. unica.

23. Yellow markings of face continued up far behind the antennae along the eye-

margins as a broad vitta N. inquilina.

Yellow markings rarely continued back behind the antennae and then only for
a short distance or as a rapidly narrowing vitta 24.

24. Face extremely wide and transverse across the eyes in front view ; clypeus

black, but yellow spots on each side of the face between the clypeus and

the eyes are sometimes present N. laticeps.

Clypeus generally yellow-marked, if black the face is not transverse 25.

;5. Scape of antennae very strongly dilated, subcordiform ; face below the an-
tennae entirely yellow or almost entirely N.flavifrons.

Scape not so shaped, often elongate triangular, the anterior margin not

strongly rounded 26.

6. Clypeus with a large yellow spot or all yellow, sometimes there is a small spot

outside the clypeus near to or touching its side margin on each side 27.

Clypeus either with a small yellow spot or entirely black, or if with a large
yellow spot or nearly all yellow then there is a large yellow generally more
or less triangular-shaped spot between the clypeus and the eye-margin on

each side, these spots always distinct from the yellow clypeal spot 28.

Wings dusky, hind tibiae not yellow at the base, plate above the clypeus

black N. koae.

Wings clearer, hind tibiae yellow at the base, supra-clypeal plate more or less

yellow N. vicina.

\ Very small narrow species, with excessively short wrinkles at the anterior

' margin of the propodeum, the rest of the dorsal surface of which is

smooth, except for microscopic surface sculpture ; clypeus black, meso-

thorax not clothed with dark hairs N. mauiensis.

Species not very small and narrow ; propodeum generally rugose or rugulose
to the brow or nearly ; clypeus generally yellow-marked, if black, the

mesonotum is clothed with long black hairs 29.

Clypeus and sides of face either black or yellow-marked, variable, antennal
scape very deeply arched beneath ; mesonotum with long erect black

hairs N. inelanothrix.

\ntennal scape gently or moderately arched, mesonotum not clothed with long

black hairs 30.

ate above the clypeus always short and wide, wider than long to the point

where its sides meet the antennal fossae 31.

ite above the clypeus as long or longer than wide to the point where its

sides meet the antennal fossae 3r.

■peus only bearing a yellow spot N. comes.

:e below the antennae with three yellow spots N. coniceps.

peus black N. ombrias.

peus yellow or marked with yellow 33.

ad posteriorly strongly emarginate, so that the vertex is much shorter

medially than at the sides N. sphecodoides.

:ad lightly emarginate, the length of vertex in the middle and at the sides
not greatly different 34.

I. 78

6o4 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

34. Wings darker and facial markings generally much smaller N. assimulans, var. oahuensis.

Wings clearer and facial markings larger N. assimulaiis.

35. Yellow colour of the face continued far behind the antennae as a broad vitta

along the eye-margins 36.

Yellow colour if continued behind the antennae forming a narrowing vitta,

pointed at its termination N. volatilis.

36. Scape of antenna pale above anteriorly, mandibles with a yellow line N. hostilis.

Scape entirely pale above, mandibles without a yellow line N. hilaris.

37. Abdomen ferruginous N. paradoxica.

Abdomen not ferruginous 38.

38. Scape excessively dilated, the front margin very strongly rounded (prothorax

never with a yellow line or spots) i().

Scape not excessively dilated, its front margin at most only gently rounded,
prothorax sometimes with a pale line or spots 40.

39. Scape of antennae strongly transverse, front margin extremely strongly rounded N. insignis.
Scape less wide and its front margin less strongly rounded N. saiel/es.

40. Face dotted with rather short erect black hairs, for the most part evenly,

between the antennae and apex of clypeus ; two large facial spots below

the antennae and sometimes the clypeus also with pale marking N. setosifrons.

Face not so clothed 41.

41. Prothoracic pale band very broad, hind tibiae almost entirely creamy white,

wings very dark with steely iridescence, face black (? always) N. perspicua.

Without some or any of these characters 42.

42. Wings above (when expanded) fuscous, without conspicuous blue or violet

iridescence 43.

Wings with conspicuous blue or violet iridescence 45.

43. Face below the antennae with pale markings N. anomala.

Face without pale markings 44.

44. Pronotum with an entire or almost entire pale band N. fuscipetinis.

Pronotum rarely with an entire band sometimes all black N. puhesceiis.

45. Apical abdominal segments with dark hairs, second ventral segment less raised

from the base, pronotum always with an entire or almost entire band AL caeruleipennis.

Apical segments pale-haired, second ventral segment more raised, pronotum

black, or with pale spots or a broken band, rarely with an entire one N. puhesceiis var.

( I ) Nesoprosopis ombrias, sp. nov.

Male black, the legs more pitchy, the tarsi paler, the front tibiae yellow in front
the flagellum of the antennae dull reddish beneath, clypeus black, a yellow spot on the
face on either side of it, probably sometimes absent. Cheek very short, the base of the
mandibles nearly touching the eye, the plate above the clypeus not very wide, its apical
side about as long as its lateral one to the antennal fossa, the front of the head densely
and shallowly punctured. Scape of antennae subdilated, its upper side strongly rounded,
about twice as long as its greatest width, seen from in front slightly arched beneath.
Mesonotum excessively dull with dense minute surface sculpture, finely and very shallowly
punctured, the scutellum more closely. Propodeum with its anterior area entirely
rugose. Wings smoky brown, with some blue iridescence. Abdomen less dull than

HYMEN OP TERA

605

the thorax, having a very fine and close surface sculpture, and excessively fine indefinite
puncturation.

Female, except for the usual sexual differences, like the male in sculpture, etc., the
face entirely black, the front tibiae somewhat reddish in front. Mesonotum and
scutellum excessively dull, finely and very shallowly punctured and the propodeum
rugose as in the other sex. Wings smoky brown. Puncturation of the abdomen
excessively fine and feeble or indefinite, apical segment clothed with fuscous hairs.
Larger than the Z. Length 7 — 10 mm.

Closely allied to A^. assimulans, but quite easily distinguishable. The female is
one of the largest of the species having no well-defined abdominal puncturation.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona district.

(2) Nesoprosopis flavipes, Sm.

Nesoprosopis flavipes Smith, huj. op. i. p. 99.

This is apparently a distinct species, which I have now taken on Hawaii. It is
extremely close to A'^. blackburni Sm.

Hab. Hawaii, a coast or low-land species.

Fam. MEGACHILIDAE.
(i) Lithiirgus sp. ?
Hab. Oahu, widely distributed and sometimes abundant.

First appeared

about 1 900.

SPHECOIDEA.

( = P'ossores huj. op. i. p. 7.)

Fam. PEMPHREDONIDAE.

Subfam. PSENINAE.

Stigmus Jur.

Stiomus mordinatus Fox.

Stiznms mordinatus Fox.

A single specimen of a Stigmus was taken in Honolulu some years ago, but the
species has not since been met with. 1 sent a description to Dr Ashmead of Washington,
who informed me that it agreed well with the above, found in California and Colorado.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

78—2

v"l

606 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. TRYPOXYLONIDAE.

Trypoxylon Latr.

(i) Trypoxylon bicolor Sm.

Identified by Dr Ashmead. It is an Oriental species, not known to occur in 1897,
but common in 1900 at Hilo, Hawaii. It has now spread to Oahu and probably to the
other islands, as it often nests in furniture, chairs, etc.

Hab. Hawaii, Oahu.

PisoN Spinola.

Vide huj. op. i. p. 14.

( I ) Pi son sp. ?

A third species of this genus has been introduced recently and is now very abundant
in Honolulu. I find that P. iridipcnnis was common here in 1900, but it is now lost
amongst the great numbers of the new species.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Fam. CRABRONIDAE.

In the Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 145 et seq. I divided the Hawaiian
Crabronids into five groups or genera, including N'esocrabro, already characterized in
this work.

Xcnocrabro includes all the species other than those previously referred to Nesocrabro,
excepting Crabro adnormis now Oreocrabro, Crabro tumidoventris now Hylocrabro, and
Crabro curtipes now Melanocrabro. The species assigned to Xenocrabro are clearly very
closely allied to the common European species called Crabro or Solenius vagus, and
I believe the other Hawaiian forms are all related to or derived from Xenocrabro.

Nesocrabro Perkins.

Nesocrabro adspectans, Blackb.
Nesocrabro daemonius Perkins, huj. op. i. p. 28.

Having seen the types of N. adspectans, I see no specific characters to distinguish
N. daemonius.

Nesocrabro rubrocaudaius, Blackb.
Nesocrabro bidecoratus Perkins, huj. op. i. p. 27.

As I anticipated, this is nothing more than a very remarkable variety of the above
species.

HYMENOPTERA 607

Fam. EUMENIDAE.
PsEUDOPTEROCHEiLUS Perkins.

Pseudopterocheilus Perkins, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxvii. p. 266.
To this genus belong the following species.

Pseudopterocheilus pte7'ocheiloides, P.
Odynerus pterocheiloides P., huj. op. i. p. 6g.

Pseudopterocheilus congruus, Sm.
Odynerus congruus Smith, huj. op. i. p. 69.

Pseudopterocheilus relicttis P.

Pseudopterocheilus relictiis P., Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 63 ; not Odynerus
relicttis P., huj. op. i. p. 74.

Obs. There is found on the coast of Kauai a species, the male of which is almost
inseparable from P. congrmis and P. hatvaiiensis. Until the female is discovered, it,
however, would be rash to consider it as being identical with either of these species, as
the males of Pseudopterocheilus exhibit specific differences much less strongly than the
females.

Chelodynerus P.
Chelodynerus Perkins, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 136.

Chelodynerus chelifer, P.

Odynerus chelifer P., huj. op. i. p. 70.
Chelodynerus P., Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 68.

Nesodynerus p.

Nesodynerus Perkins, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxvii. p. 277.

The following species mostly referred originally to Odynerus belong to my genus
Nesodynerus.

Nesodynerus I'udolphi, D. T.
Odynerus rudolphi D. T., huj. op. i. p. 46.

Nesodynerus conifer, P.
Odynerus conifer P., huj. op. i. p. 38.

6o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Nesodynerus dilatatipes, P.
Odynerus dilatatipes P., huj. op. i. p. 37.

Nesodynerus vittativentris, P.
Odynerus vittativentris P., huj. op. i. p. 65.

Nesodynerus cooki, P.
Odynerus cooki P., huj. op. i. p. 64.

( I ) Nesodytierus paractias P.
Nesodynerus paractias P., Pr. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. -Ji.

Nesodynerus oblitus, P.
Odynerus oblitus P., huj. op. i. p. 74.

Nesodynerus eupferyx, P.
Odynerus eupteryx P., huj. op. i. p. 47.

(2) Nesodynerus optabilis P.

Nesodynerus optabilis P., Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 61.

This species has not been described at length, but only distinguished by such
characters, as are given in my tables of the species of Odynerus of the island of Oahu.
It is superficially somewhat like N. rudolphi, Odynei'us montanus, O. unicus and others
from Oahu.

Black, shining, wings deeply infuscate and with purple iridescence. Clypeus
impressed at the apex and distinctly emarginate. Head shining, puncturation inclining
to be rugose. Mesonotum with the larger punctures very sparse and irregular, the finer
ones between these distinct, irregular and not dense, parapsidal furrows complete and
distinct ; scutellum finely and sparsely and rather indefinitely punctured, propodeum
nearly smooth, shining, trenchant at the sides. Basal abdominal segment shallowly and
remotely punctured, second very convex, subtuberculate in dorsal aspect ; beneath, the
costae moderate, the depression subtriangular, distinct, but not deep. Wings with the
two recurrent nervures about as distant from each other, as the first is from the basal
lower angle of the second cubital cell, distance from second recurrent nervure to the
apical lower angle of the cell rather greater than the distance between the recurrent
nervures ; the second cubital cell is wider above, less triangular, than in N. rudolphi.

Hab. Oahu, Waialua district, outside the forest, flying over ferns.

HYMENOPTERA 609

Odynerus iopteryx P.

O. iopteryx Perkins, huj. op. i. p. 63.
O. illudens P., Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xii. p. 267.

The unique specimen, on whicli I described O. iopteryx, was a somewhat abnormal
example.

Hab. Oahu ; widely distributed, coast and mountains.

Odynerus acoelogaster P.

O. acoelogaster P., huj. op. i. p. 65.

O. relictiis P., t. c. p. 74.

O. lithophilus P., Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xii. p. 267.

O. lithophilus, Pr. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 72.

The original description was based on an abnormal e.xample ; O. relictus was
founded on a very old unique specimen in the British Museum from the Beechey
collection. The proper description of this variable species is in the Proceedings of the
Hawaiian Entomological Society as cited above. The original name is fortunately
quite applicable to the species in all its varieties.

Odynerus egens P.

O. egens P., huj. op. i. p. 61.
O. infanstus P., t. c. p. 73.

The latter described from a very old specimen of the Beechey collection is no doubt
identical with O. ep-ens.

(i) Odyneriis thersites, sp. nov.

Black, teeth of mandibles more or less red, sometimes a spot behind the eyes and
a median frontal spot yellow. Wings hyaline and subinfuscate, with a bluish or
violaceous iridescence in some lights. General appearance that of O. peles, but the
clypeus is quite deeply emarginate and bidentate ; the head above the antennae with
excessively dull surface and a very scanty and feeble, in fact hardly discernible punctu-
ration. Mesonotum excessively dull, with remote and very faint punctures, the
propodeum rugose. Basal segment of the abdomen with largish but shallow punctures,
the second simply convex, beneath the costae well-developed, the depression not defined
but represented by a faint median impressed line. Male ; length 6 — 8 mm.

An overlooked species, very likely previously confounded by me with the variable
^)eles, but nevertheless distinct.
PP- '-f AB. Hawaii in the mountains at 4000 ft. or more.

F. H.

6io FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Odynerus peles P .

O. peles P., huj. op. i. p. 39.

The puncturation of this species varies a good deal in intensity and I do not feel
sure that, even after the segregation of O. thersites described above, there are not more
than one species under the name of O. peles. Specimens taken in wet districts at
moderate elevations of two or three thousand feet and others found below the 1000 ft.
line are generally more strongly punctate than those taken at 4000 ft. and upwards.

(2) Odynerus lipocharis, sp. nov.

Black, the first abdominal segment inconspicuously or interruptedly margined with
yellow. Wings very darkly infuscate and with blue iridescence. Clypeus impressed at
apex and bidentate, but only slightly emarginate, closely punctate. Front very closely
rugosely punctate. Mesonotum coarsely and closely punctured, the interstices between
the coarse punctures shining and punctulate ; scutellum strongly punctured. Propodeum
rugose, the side-margins explanate. Basal abdominal segment strongly and closely
punctured, second segment very strongly tuberculately raised, highest point rather in
front of the middle of its length ; beneath with rather shallow, but distinct, depression,
the middle costae long. Male ; length 11 mm.

Allied to O. konanus, hiloensis etc., and superficially unlike any other Kauai species,
as well as being quite distinct structurally.

Hab. Kauai, near Lihue, at no great elevation above the sea.

(3) Odynerus subegens, sp. nov.

Very like Odynerus egens P., but readily distinguished by the puncturation of the
thorax, which, though very fine and feeble, is distinct. The apex of the clypeus is
not red.

Hab. Hawaii, 4000 ft.

The following species of Odynerus have been described by me since the publication
of Vol. I. pt. I of this work, in the Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc, Vol. i. pp. 70 — 74 and in
the preceding tables, pp. 61 — 70.

(4) Odynerus homoeophanes P.
O. homoeophanes P., t. c, p. 70.

Hab. Oahu.

(5) Odynerus euc harts P.
O. eucharis P., t. c. p. 71. ii

Hab. Oahu.

HYMEN OP TERA 6 1 1

(6) Odynerus pseudochronioidcs P.
O. pseudochromoides P., t. c. p. 71.
Hab. Oahu.

(7) Odynerics paludicola P.
O. paludicola P. , t. c. p. 71.

Hab. Oahu.

(8) Odynerus paranaias P. /
O. paranaias P., t. c. p. 71. /
Hab. Oahu.

(9) Odynerus epipseustcs P.
O. epipseustes P., t. c. p. 72.

Hab. Oahu.

(10) Odynerus taupe P.
O. lempe P., t. c. p. 72.

Hab. Maui.

(11) Odynerus monas P.
O. monas P., t. c. p. T}^.

Hab. Molokai.

(12) Odynerus aprepes P.
O. aprepes P., t. c. p. ']'iy.
Hab. Maui.

(13) Odynerus xerophilus P.

(9. xerophilus P., t. c. p. 72.

Represents on Oahu the O. scoriaceus P. of Hawaii and the O. niolokaiensis of the
intermediate islands.
Hab. Oahu.

(14) Odynerus acyanus P.
O. acyanus P., t. c. p. 63.
Hab. Oahu.

The following species were described in the Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1902,
pp. 131 — 140.

F. H. II. 79

6i2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(15) Odynerus cypris P.
O. cypris P., t. c. p. 138.
Hab. Hawaii.

(16) Odynerus eutretus P.
O. ezdretus P., t. c. p. 138.
Hab. Hawaii.

(17) Odynerus holomelas P.
O. holomelas P., t. c. p. 138.
Hab. Hawaii.

(18) Odynerus crypterythrus P.
O. crypterythrus P., t. c. p. 139.
Hab. Hawaii.

(19) Odynerus newelli P.
O. newelli P., t. c. p. 139.
Hab. Hawaii.

(20) Odynerus mesospilus P.
O. mesospilus P., t. c. p. 140.
Hab. Hawaii.

Fam. BETHYLIDAE.

Vide p. 282 huj. op. Tom. i.

The Hawaiian species of Scleroderma and Sierola are endemic, those of Holepyris
are introduced and usually found in houses. One or two other genera also occur in
houses or more rarely outside, being parasitic on insects attacking grain or seeds, while
one is parasitic on the minute beetle, Hypothcncmiis eritditus Westw.

(t) Scleroderma euprepes, sp. nov.

Head black, two basal joints of antennae, the legs, and the pronotum yellow, rest
of the antennae sordid yellow or infuscate, the rest of the thorax brown, very dark at
the sides, along the anterior margin of the propodeum, abdomen dark brown.

Head much wider than the thora.x, with minute microscopic reticulation, which
prevents it from being very shining, and some sparse feeble punctures, sparingly pilose.
Length of eye about half the distance from its upper edge to the occiput. Antennae

HYMEN OP TERA 6 1

rather long, the pedicel about as long as the two following joints together, the third a
little longer than the fourth, none of the funicle joints being at all strongly transverse.
Thorax duller than the head, similarly sculptured, the propodeum and pronotum sub-
equal, the former widening posteriorly and impressed along its front margin. Abdomen
much more shining than the thorax and as long or rather longer than the head and
thorax together. Length, % 4-25 mm.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft.

(2) Scleroderma poc diodes, sp. no v.

Head dark brown, pronotum yellow, rest of thorax dull brown, the propodeum
more or less yellowish. Abdomen brown at base and apex, the intermediate segments
black or nearly so, the apical margins being pale, the basal segment yellowish at the
sides basally. Legs with the femora and tibiae brown, more or less yellow-tinged, the
tarsi paler, yellowish. Antennae yellow, the flagellum with the joints more or less
sordid or darkly annulate.

Head shining, much wider than the thorax, with very fine reticulate sculpture of
the surface, the eyes about half as long as the distance from their upper margin to the
occiput ; antennae stout, the pedicel about as long as the two first funicle joints, the
funicle joints short and most of them strongly transverse. Thorax much duller than
the head, similarly but rather more strongly sculptured, and like it sparsely pilose, the
proportion of the parts much as in 6'. ejtprepcs ; abdomen shining, with very fine but
evident sculpture of the surface, as long or rather longer than the head and thorax
together. Length, % 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

(3) Scleroderma chlorodes, sp. nov.

Head yellowish brown or testaceous, the thorax a little paler, yellow, legs entirely
pale, concolorous with the thorax or almost so. Abdomen with the basal and apical
segments more or less pale, being brown or rufescent, the intermediate segments black
or blackish brown with pale apical margins. Scape and pedicel of the antennae yellow,
the rest also yellowish, but infuscate, or with dark annulations.

Head somewhat, but not much, shining, owing to the surface sculpture, and bearing
a few very fine feeble punctures ; antennae shortish and thick, formed much as in
S. poecilodes, with the funicle joints mostly very short and transverse. Thorax dull,
propodeum a good deal wider posteriorly than on its anterior margin. Abdomen more
shining than the thorax, but with the surface sculpture distinct, sparsely pilose, about as
long as the head and thorax together. Length, $ 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Waianae mountains.

79—2

6 14 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Scleroderma sophorae, sp. nov.

Head and thorax brown, rarely altogether concolorous, the prothorax usually being
distinctly paler (more yellowish) than the sordid parts behind it, the head too (except
anteriorly) is more often concolorous with the paler pronotum, than with the mesonotum
and propodeum. Antennae entirely pale, the funicle joints with fuscous rings. All the
legs are yellowish-tinged, but they are for the most part of a dark colour, brownish or
sordid, with yellow tarsi. The basal segment and tip of the abdomen are brown or
yellowish brown, the intermediate segments black or dark brown, with the apices some-
what widely pallid. When the intermediate segments are paler than usual, the basal
segment is always paler still (more yellowish).

Head very long and narrow, parallel-sided, the eyes only about one-third as long
as the distance from their upper margin to the occiput ; the surface appears smooth,
the minute reticulation, distinct enough under high powers of the compound microscope,
being invisible under a very strong lens ; on the thorax, however, the reticulation can
be distinguished with the latter, appearing as an excessively fine puncturation or
shagreening. The antennae are short, the funicle joints for the most part strongly
transverse, the pedicel as long as the two next joints together. Abdomen more shining
than the thorax, and as long or a little longer than the latter and the head together.
Length, ? 2*5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, 4000 ft. ; bred from the dead wood of Sophora.

Obs. It is clear to me from the examination of this species and from others, of
which I have seen a number of examples obtained in company, that slight differences
of colour are not of specific value in this genus. Further, the abdominal segments are
subject to retraction and I suspect that Ashmead's S. breviventre is an unnaturally con-
tracted specimen.

SiEROLA Cameron,
(i) Sierola dichroma, sp. nov.

Female black, the lower part of the face, the head about the posterior angles, the
pronotum and mesonotum ferruginous, legs, scape of antennae and mandibles paler,
yellow testaceous or whitish, rest of antennae infuscate or sordid, abdomen brown-black,
paler in parts.

Male ferruginous, a dark cloud about the ocelli, a black transverse one along the
scutellar and propodeal suture, the base and about five transverse indefinite fasciae on
the abdomen dark, mandibles whitish, legs pale yellow, base of antennae clear yellow,
the rest more sordid or brownish.

Head in both sexes very broad, the temples rounded, the surface dull and cori-
aceous and with distinct, remote, shallow punctures. Antennae moderately long, the

HYMENOPTERA 6 1 5

flagellar joints moniliform, not transverse, the pedicel and first funicle joint cylindrical,
the former slightly the longer, both being decidedly elongate. Thorax not quite so dull
as the head, the mesonotum with shallow sparse punctures, the rest almost impunctate,
but with minute surface sculpture. Wings subinfuscate, stigma and parastigma dark
fuscous, the veins lighter, but still dark. Abdomen smooth and shining, the apical
margins impressed so as to make large angular emarginations in the surface of the
segments in the middle. Length 3 — 3-5 mm.

In some examples the abdomen is nearly uniformly dark brown.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 ft. and upwards.

HoLEPVRis Kieff

( I ) Holepyris f hospes, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae and legs ferruginous, the coxae mostly dark brown, the front
femora posteriorly and the hind ones outwardly more or less infuscate or darkened,
mandibles, clypeus, apical abdominal segment, and the impressed margin of the pro-
notum also ferruginous.

Clypeus with a longitudinal median carina, head dull, finely and not densely, but
distinctly, punctured, eyes pilose. Antennae 13-jointed, the pedicel subequal to or
rather longer than the first funicle joint ; joints of the funicle mostly subequal and a
little longer than wide. Pronotum as long as the mesonotum and scutellum together,
very dull and very finely punctured, the punctures of unequal size. Mesonotum much
shorter than the scutellum, the latter with a transverse basal impression, both dull and
finely punctured ; propodeum longer than the mesonotum and scutellum together,
abruptly truncate posteriorly, the truncation margined ; a median raised line reaches
right through to the truncation, on each side of this are two ler lines, which do not
attain the truncation, and between all these lines the surface is ^ igreened ; external to
these lines, between the outer ones and margined sides of the pr,podeum the surface is
obliquely rugulose. There is a well-developed tooth on the underside of the claw of
the anterior tarsi near its middle. Wings hyaline, neuration yellow, stigma divided in
the middle by a white space, so as to form a prostigma, at least not much less developed
than in Sierola. Abdomen smooth and shining, the apices of the segments except the
first pale. Length, ? 4*5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu.

Obs. This species seems to me certainly congeneric with Epyris hawaiiensis
Ashm., which Kieffer refers to his genus Holepyris. E. haivaiiensis is a domestic
species, common in houses, and rarely seen outside. It is certainly introduced, as also
is H. hospes now described.

6i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. COSILIDAE.

SiEROLOMORPHA Ashm.

(i) Sierolojnorpha kospes, sp. nov.

Female black, smooth and shining, legs, except the coxae, which are more or less
dark, tip of abdomen, apex of clypeus, second and third antennal joints all pale-coloured,
yellowish brown or testaceous ; scape of antennae dark brown but paler at base and
apex, antennae except the above-mentioned joints sordid, but more or less reddish-
tinged ; wings infuscate, stigma fuscous.

Head smooth and shining, very remotely and sparsely punctured, the ocelli in a
triangle widest at base, antennae 12-jointed, scape rather short, the pedicel subovate
and subequal to the first funicle joint, which is decidedly shorter than the second, apical
joint much longer than the preceding one. Thorax very sparsely punctate and sparingly
pilose, smooth and shining except the impressed front of the pronotum, parapsidal
furrows subconvergent posteriorly, not reaching the front margin of mesonotum ;
scutellum with a deeply impressed transverse line in front ; propodeum with a transverse
costate sulcature in front and a median rough triangular area, the rest smooth. Abdomen
smooth and shining, very sparsely pilose and punctate. Wings with only one cubital
and two discoidal cells bounded by true nervures, the second recurrent nervure and the
second of the transverse cubiti indicated only by white lines, the first transverse cubitus
also incomplete above. Length 4 mm.

Ashmead figures the wing of the type of this genus. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlv.
PI. IV. fig. 2, as Sierola Cam. ? Kieffer assigns Sieroloniorpha to the Bethylidae, as
Ashmead did originally, removing it later to the Cosilidae.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, 1906.

PROCTOTRUPOIDEA.

Fam. CERAPHRONIDAE.

Subfam. CERAPHRONINAE.

Ceraphron Jur.

( I ) Ceraphron plebems, sp. nov.

Black, the scape of the antennae and the legs except the coxae brownish yellow or
testaceous, the front femora more or less darker, brown.

Head and thorax very densely finely punctured or shagreened ; pedicel of the
antennae elongate, longer than the next joint, which is itself elongate and longer than
the following one ; second, third and fourth funicle joints small and short, the following
ones a good deal larger than these and subequal, and not evidently transverse ; scutel-

HYMENOPTERA 617

lum distinctly shining and smoother posteriorly; posterior lower angles of the propodeum
spinose. Wings hyaline and lightly infuscate, radius given off from the marginal vein
before the apical third of the length of the wing. Second abdominal segment longi-
tudinally costate on about its basal third, for the rest polished and impunctate. Length,

% I — 1-5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu.

(2) Ceraphron abnormis, sp. nov.

Ferruginous, the apex of the scape of the antennae black, as well as all the other
joints, excepting that the pedicel may be somewhat pale. Abdomen with a dark
transverse basal band, and the apical segments also black or dark, this colour beginning
usually about the middle of the large second segment.

Head dull densely sculptured, shagreened, scape of antennae attenuate towards
the apex, pedicel in the Z very small, the first flagellar joint about three times as long
as wide, a little longer than the following, which are subequal ; pedicel in the % elongate,
rather more than half as long as the very elongate first funicle joint, which is double
the length of the second funicle joint ; subapical joints of the funicle rather longer than
wide. Thorax densely punctate, or shagreened, the scutellum smooth and polished
posteriorly, the metanotum prominently angulate in the middle. Abdomen with long
regular longitudinal costae at the base, for the rest smooth and shining, glabrous, the
head and thorax bearing a very short pubescence. Length about 2 mm.

It is doubtful whether this insect is a true Ceraphron, as it has the parapsidal
furrows distinct, at least in front. According to Ashmead's definition of the group it
differs from all Ceraphroninae in that the maxillary palpi are three-jointed, and there
are two distinct spurs on the hind tibiae. The generic characters are as follows :

Head transverse ; ocelli in a small subequilateral triangle, the lateral ones very
remote from the eye-margins, the eyes pubescent, not nearly reaching the mandibles.
Mandibles bidentate, maxillary palpi with three elongate and subequal joints, the first
broadest basally, the second near the middle and the third subtriangularly dilated.
Labial palpi very short, with an elongate pilose joint and probably a short basal one
before this. Antennae oi $ long, filiform, 11 -jointed, subattenuate apically; in the %
lo-jointed and with subclavate flagellum. Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows
marked by punctate lines, which usually fail before reaching the hind margins ; medio-
dorsal grooved line complete and distinct. Axillae triangular, large, meeting inwardly,
marked off from the scutellum, which is acutangular in front, by crenate lines. Posterior
tibiae with two distinct calcaria. Marginal vein linear, less than one-third of the length
of the long curved radius, separated by a pale spot from the submarginal. Abdomen
with the second segment forming most of its surface, and costate at the base.

6i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Hab. Oahu and one or more of the other islands; introduced from North America,
as I have collected it in California. Swezey discovered it to be a parasite on Dryinids,
Haplogonatopus and Echthrodelphax.

Fam. SCELIONIDAE.

Subfam. TELENOMINAE.

(i) Teleiiomits despiciendus, sp. nov.

Black, the scape dark brown, pale beneath, and also above at the base, the legs
yellowish or testaceous, the tibiae and femora, seen from above, sometimes more or less
darker or sordid, the pedicel of the antennae more or less brown. Head and meso-
notum not much shining, closely and finely sculptured or punctate, the face polished,
with a few microscopic punctures. Antennae with the pedicel obconical and much
longer than the small third joint, three following joints all small and short and not
differing much from one another, the seventh joint is a good deal larger than these, but
still is much smaller than the eighth, which with the three following" may be said to
form the club. Scutellum smooth and shining, lower lateral angles of the propodeum
not prominent. Basal abdominal segment and the second at the base regularly longi-
tudinally rugose, the latter segment much longer than its basal width and except at the
base polished. Front wings with short apical cilia. Length, $ "6 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu.

Telenonius rhopali, sp. nov.

Closely allied to T. despiciendus, the structure of the antennae being in most
respects similar.

Black, with black antennae and dark legs, which are black or in part dark brown ;
knee-joint of front legs, apex of tibiae more or less, and the base of tarsi paler ; extreme
base of middle and hind tibiae, and the basal joint or two joints of their tarsi yellowish.
Antennae with the pedicel about as long as the two following short joints together ; the
seventh joint is transverse, and considerably larger than the very small sixth joint, but
much smaller than the eighth, which with the three next forms a four-jointed club.
Sculpture of abdomen as in T. despiciendus. Length, % '6 mm.

The male closely resembles the female, excepting that the antennae are not clavate,
the pedicel is not longer than the third joint, the latter and the two following being
longer than the sixth and following joints, which are short and subquadrate, the apical
joint pointed and much longer than the penultimate. Legs sometimes paler than in the
?, dark sordid brown or pitchy, and the tarsi etc. more clearly and extensively yellow.

Hab. Oahu ; parasitic in eggs of Rhopaltis hyalinus, but in no wise related to the
other species of Telenonius infesting these eggs.

HYMENOP TERA 6 1 9

(3) Telenonms paractias, sp. nov.

Black, the scape of the antennae and legs clear testaceous, the tip of the scape and
of the tarsi infuscate, pedicel a little pallid, at least apically. Wings lighdy infuscate,
neuration rather pallid, the fringe of front wings moderately short.

Head polished in front, on the vertex dull, densely and minutely punctured ; pedicel
of the antennae obconical, rather shorter than the slender and elongate third joint, fourth
rather similar to the third, subequal to it or slightly shorter, fifth much shorter than the
fourth and wider, sixth and following short, subquadrate, wider than the fifth, so as to
form a fairly distinct six-jointed club, the apical joint being smaller than the preceding
and pointed. Mesonotum finely punctured, sparsely pilose, lower posterior angles of
the propodeum prominent. Basal abdominal segment regularly longitudinally rugose,
the second with short regular wrinkles at the base, and forming the greater part of the
dorsal surface, much longer than its basal width, smooth and shinine. Leneth, 2 i mm.

H.\B. Honolulu ; parasitic in eggs of Rhopalns hyalimis.

(4) Telenonius adelphus, sp. nov.

Extremely like T. paractias and only distinguishable so far as I can see by the
more widely darkened apex of the scape of the antennae, the more confusedly rugose
basal abdominal segment and chiefly by the antennal structure. Though the length of
the antennal joints is nearly similar in either species, in T. adelphus the club is only
5-jointed, the sixth joint of the antennae being not very different from the fifth, while
the seventh is much wider than the former.

The male of this species is known to me, and in general resembles the female, but
the scape is dark pitchy except at the base and the hind and middle tibiae are more or
less darker, the former at least being somewhat infuscate above. Antennae filiform,
pubescent, 12 -jointed, the scape a good deal shorter than the elongate third joint, the
latter slightly shorter than the fourth, the fifth also shorter than the latter, the following
joints tending to decrease in length to the apical one, which is longer than the
preceding and pointed.

Hab. Oahu, 1500 — 2000 ft.

(5) Telcnornits vulcanus, sp. nov.

Black, the tarsi brown or obscure, wings hyaline, iridescent, subinfuscate, clearer at
base. The head is not very much wider than the thorax, and both are sparsely clothed
with white hairs and are punctate. The sculpture of the mesonotum under high powers
of the microscope is seen to consist of .scattered punctures, and of very delicate reticulate
lines, which are not close enough to prevent the surface from being shining ; under
F. H. II. So

620 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

similar powers the rugosity of the basal abdominal segment and the transverse costate
impression at the base of the second can easily be seen, but under a strong lens the
sculpture is seen with difficulty.

The antennal club may be said to be four-jointed, since the seventh joint of the
antennae is notably smaller than the eighth, though likewise notably larger than the
sixth ; the pedicel is ovate or obconical, and much wider and also longer than the third
antennal joint, which is elongate and about twice as long as wide, the third does not
differ much in length from the second, the penultimate joint is about as long as its
greatest width. The cilia of the front wings are rather long, the longest being about
half the length of the width of the wings, where widest. Abdomen narrow, elongate
and subparallel-sided. Length % '8 mm.

The male has filiform-moniliform antennae, the pedicel and first funicle joint about
equal, the latter, in one aspect, more than usually wide, with the sides rounded, subequal
in length to the next, which is narrower, the apical joint pointed, and one and a half
times as long as the preceding.

This species is remarkable for its narrow elongate form.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea.

Subfam. BAEINAE.
The two following species do not agree with the subfamily characters, as given by
Ashmead, since they possess a quite distinct postmarginal vein. They are easily
separated from each other as follows :

1 (2). Abdomen petiolate, posterior ocelli close to the eye-margins Pseudobaeus.

2 (i). Abdomen sessile, posterior ocelli very remote from the eye-margins Dyscritobaeus.

These insects are certainly introduced ; they are found in gardens in Honolulu, in
company, usually, with introduced species of bugs. I suspect they are egg-parasites of
these, but theoretically they should be bred from eggs of spiders.

In Dyscritobaeus I have considered the segment, which is apparently the first and
fits close to the propodeum as the second, as I believe a preceding segment exists, but
is not readily observed.

PsEUDOBAEUs, gen. nov.
Head as wide or wider than the thorax, eyes pubescent, lateral ocelli close to the
eye-margins. Antennae of the Z filiform, moniliform, 12-jointed; of % 7-jointed, with
large solid club, several lines of hairs no doubt indicating the effaced articulations.
Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows indicated only posteriorly. Wings pubescent,
shortly fringed, basal nervure present, but faint, marginal vein shorter than the stigmal,
the latter oblique, but not extremely so, knobbed at the tip, rather shorter than the
postmarginal, which bears three or four bristly long hairs, similar to those regularly
disposed on the marginal and submarginal veins. Abdomen petiolate, the basal segment

HYMENOPTERA 621

much narrower than the second segment at apex or than the metanotum, second
segment narrow at base and smaller than the third segment, which is the largest.

Dyscritobaeus, front wing.

Pseudobaeus, front wing and female antenna.

( I ) Pseudobaeus peregrinus, sp. nov.

Male : head and thorax dark brown or blackish, abdomen brown more or less
suffused with black or very dark brown, the first segment always paler, yellowish brown;
scape of antennae more or less yellowish brown, legs for the most part sordid.

Female much lighter brown than the male, the thorax darker than the face, the
abdomen with dark margins, scape in front concolorous with the face or nearly so,
the flagellum more sordid, legs testaceous.

Head punctured, the face smooth and shining, impunctate, mesothorax and
scutellum closely punctured, clothed with short white hairs, lower posterior angles of
propodeum prominent or spinose. First and second abdominal segments longitudinally
striate, the third with excessively fine striae. Antennal scape of i about as long as the
four following joints together, pedicel evidently smaller than the first funicle joint,
which is longer than the following, the second to sixth being roundish, small and
subequal ; seventh, eighth and ninth rather larger, the apical joint elongate, acuminate.
Scape of female long, cylindrical, longer than the pedicel and funicle together, pedicel
longer and larger than the first funicle joint, which is evidently longer than wide and
about equal to the three following joints together, these being very short or transverse ;
club ovate, equal to the scape in length. Length 75 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Dyscritobaeus, gen. nov.
Male : head fully as wide as the thorax, the eyes pubescent, the vertex concave
behind, the ocelli in a triangle, widest at the base, but the outer ones are very remote

80—2

622 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

from the eye-margins and often difficult to see. Antennae filiform 12-jointed.
Mesonotum without furrows. Marginal vein of front wings shortish, shorter than the
postmarginal, which is well developed, rather longer than the stigmal, the latter knobbed
at the apex, very oblique or almost longitudinal in direction, originating about the middle
of the length of the wing ; marginal, submarginal and postmarginal veins with regular
series of bristles ; front wings shortly fringed, the cilia longest near the apex of the
dorsal margin, basal nervure not defined. Abdomen very wide at base adapted to the
propodeum, sessile, the second and third segments not differing greatly, or the latter
rather longer.

( I ) Dyscritobaeus comitaits, sp. no v.

Male black, with whitish pubescence, the scape of the antennae in front, the legs,
the whole of the second abdominal segment, the third at least on its basal portion
yellowish brown or testaceous.

Head dull, appearing very densely punctate or shagreened, antennae with tlie
scape extended about as long as the whole insect, the pedicel subtriangular, about as
long as the first funicle joint, the latter and all the following not differing much in
appearance, appearing slightly longer than wide, apical joint acuminate and longest.
Thorax dull, closely punctate (under high powers of the microscope the sculpture is
seen to consist of punctures and a reticulation of fine lines) metathorax a little angulate
in the middle. Second and third abdominal segments longitudinally striate, the former
more strongly and distinctly than the latter. Length 75 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; in company with the preceding, which it very closely
resembles superficially.

Baeus Hal.
( I ) Baeus persordidus, F.p. nov.

Dark pitchy brown, the head almost black, the abdomen rather paler than the
thorax, legs infuscate or sordid yellow, paler than the body, hind tarsi yellow above,
the tips dark.

Head much wider than the thorax, somewhat shining and smooth, very finely and
not closely punctured ; thorax and abdomen finely punctured and clothed with short
white hairs. Hind tibiae long, but not twice as long as the tarsi, basal joint of the
latter about equal to the three following together. Abdomen very strongly decurved,
in dorsal aspect the second segment forms nearly the whole visible surface.

The antennae have an elongate ovate club, rather longer than all the funicle joints
and the pedicel together ; the latter is nearly as long as all the funicle joints, which are
very short, the first being the longest. Length (!?) "5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; about 2000 ft.

HYMEN OP TERA

623

Subfam. SCELIONINAE.

Opisthacantha Ashm.

(i) Opisthacantha dubiosa, sp. no v.

Black, the mandibles, scape of the antennae wholly or in part and all the legs
yellowish brown or testaceous, abdomen often distinctly brownish on the basal portion,
rarely black. Head and thorax with white pubescence, both very densely and roughly
sculptured, but the head more finely than the thorax ; postscutellum in profile appearing
as a short spine projecting over the propodeum. First segment of the abdomen short,
strongly transverse, much shorter than the second, both of these strongly longitudinally
striate, third as long as the two preceding together, and much more finely longitudinally
striate, the following segments excessively finely punctured.

Antennae of the male filiform moniliform, the pedicel extremely small, the first
funicle joint decidedly longer than those following, which are short, but not transverse,
and do not differ much from one another, apical joint longer than the preceding and
pointed.

Antennae of female with a large six- or seven-jointed club, as long or longer than
the pedicel and funicle joints together, pedicel about as long as the first funicle joint,
which is longer than the following. The basal of the seven joints, which appear to me
to form the club, may really belong to the funicle. Length about 2 mm.

Differs from the type of Opisthacantha in the total absence of parapsidal furrows and
the want of a basal cell. Ashmead appears to have seen specimens agreeing in these
respects with the above (vide his classifications). Although he describes the third
abdominal segment as "a little longer" than the second, he figures it as being much
longer.

Hab. Oahu ; males very common in company with introduced bugs.

Anteris Forst.
(i) Anteris montana, sp. nov.

Female : black, the abdomen for the most part, the funicle of the antennae dark
fuscous or pitchy, scape of antennae and legs testaceous, the pedicel of the former and
coxae of the latter being darker, or more brown ; scutellum with the margin testaceous.

Head pubescent, densely punctate ; first funicle joint of antennae much longer than
the pedicel, and rather longer than the second, which like the third is elongate ; the
latter about as long as the next two together, the fourth being rather longer than the
fifth and not transverse ; basal joint of the club wider than long and much less wide
than the next joint. Mesonotum and scutellum dull and very finely punctured, the
postscutellum prominent and angulate in the middle posteriorly, propodeum rugulose-
punctate, its inferior lateral angles minutely dentate, the superior ones slightly prominent.

624 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Wings slightly yellowish tinged, the neuration yellowish, the stigmal vein paler.
Abdomen with the basal segment regularly strongly striate, the second much more
finely striate and crenate along the basal margin, the third very finely rugulosely
punctate or subaciculate, the following very minutely punctured and hardly shining.
Length 275 mm.

The male, which no doubt belongs to this female, agrees very closely with it in
sculpture, but is generally more elongate. The antennae are filiform, becoming
attenuate apically, the pedicel is very small, the funicle joints are subequal in length,
mostly about twice as long as wide, the apical joint much longer than the preceding and
pointed. Hind coxae and hind and middle tibiae dark brown or dark fuscous, much
darker than in the female. Allied to A. perkinsi Ashm. but with different sculpture of
the abdomen and slightly different in other points.

Hab. Oahu ; in the mountains, the male commoner than the female.

(2) Anteris oahuensis. sp. nov.

Female : head black, the mesonotum ferruginous, scutellum, except the margin,
postscutellum and propodeum more or less darkly infuscate, abdomen obscure dark
brown. Antennae testaceous, the funicle more sordid, the club nearly black. Legs
yellow, tarsi appearing darker from the clothing of black hairs.

Head somewhat coarsely sculptured, punctate and transversely rugose, funicle
joints of antennae slender, the first three not differing much in length, and each several
times as long as wide, fourth joint much shorter than the third, but considerably longer
than wide, basal joint of club not at all strongly transverse, and only a little narrower than
the following. Mesonotum and scutellum very finely punctured, postscutellum longitu-
dinally rugose, with rounded well-raised posterior margin, not at all angulate ; propodeum
emarginate posteriorly, its hind margin raised. Basal segment of the abdomen striate
and with a smoother median elevation on its basal half, second more finely striate, third
and fourth still more finely so, fifth and sixth very finely punctured. Wings lightly
infuscate, veins yellow. Length 3 -5 mm.

Hab. Oahu; near Honolulu, 1800ft.

Caloteleia Westw.

(i) Caloteleia elegans, sp. nov.

Ferruginous, the funicle joints of the antennae, the scape, legs, base of second and
of the terminal abdominal segment paler in colour, more yellow, but these parts them-
selves are not uniform in tint. Five apical joints of the antennae, third, fourth and fifth
abdominal segments, most of the second and the apical part of the sixth, black. Pedicel
of the antennae and basal club joint more or less infuscate, but not black, apex of

HYMENOPTERA 625

posterior femora also dark. Head well rounded in front and emarglnate behind, the
eyes pubescent, not nearly attaining the mandibles. Scape of antennae long, cylindrical,
pedicel small, nearly equal to the first funicle joint, which is longer than the second, the
latter about as long as its greatest width, club with six joints, transverse except the
apical one, the basal one pale ; mandibles bidentate.

Head and thorax quite dull, with dense, excessively minute sculpture, propodeum
excavated and carinated on each side of the excavation. Front wings blackish smoky,
with two transverse white bands, one considerably before and the other just beyond the
marginal vein, the area between these pale bands is the darkest part of the wing.
The wings are very narrow (petiolate) on less than the basal half marginal vein short,
thickish, the stigmal knobbed at the tip, the postmarginal difficult to see, but longer
than the stigmal. In some aspects a basal cell can be traced, but the nervures are very
faint. Parapsides of the mesonotum evident. Basal abdominal segment longer than
wide, its sides subparallel, the large suberect, shagreened basal process, attaining the
postscutellum ; second segment elongate narrow at base, longer than the third, longi-
tudinally striate. Third segment, wider than long, much longer than fourth, smooth,
polished and impunctate, sixth only half the width of the base of the fifth, about as
long as this and the fourth together, pointed at apex. Female: length 2-25 mm.
Remarkable for the petiolate wings.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; certainly introduced.

(2) Caloteleia exit I, sp. nov.

Black, the mandibles and scape of the antennae, except more or less of the tips of
each of these, testaceous or ferruginous, pedicel also more or less pale, legs testaceous.

Head and thorax very densely and finely sculptured, dull, the mesonotal parapsides
distinct. Pedicel of antennae about as long as the first funicle joint which is longer
than either of the three following short joints, club six-jointed. Wings hyaline faintly
clouded, neuration dark, basal cell faintly indicated, postmarginal vein longer than
stigmal. Propodeum concave and carinate on each side. First abdominal segment
dull, shagreened, the process, fitting the propodeal concavity, smoother, the extreme
apex of the segment smooth ; second segment crenate at base and with some delicate
striae reaching to about the middle of the length of the segment on its disc, otherwise
smooth and shining, like the third, to which it is about equal in length, or rather longer;
apical segment very narrow subtriangular, longer than the preceding. Female : length
2"5 mm.

Hab. Honolulu; no doubt introduced.

626 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. PLATYGASTERIDAE.

Inostemma Hal.
(i) InostetmJia almormis, sp. nov.

Black, the tegulae brown, the abdomen dark brown, legs flavotestaceous, coxae
browner. Wings hyaline, pubescent. Head dull, lateral ocelli extremely close to the
eye-margins. Mesonotum dull, with dense minute sculpture, under high powers of
the microscope showing a reticulation of fine lines ; posteriorly between the parapsidal
furrows, which are distinct, the sculpture is less fine, and there are three short raised
lines. Scutellum consute at the base, shagreened, propodeum with a spinose angle on
each side. Basal abdominal segment rugose, its erect process reaching about to the
dorsal surface of the thorax, but not extending over it, this process on its upper part
densely covered with small pointed or spinose elevations ; second segment with a basal
sculptured depression, longer than al! the following segments together and, except at
the base, smooth and shining. Length i 6 mm.

The single example I have seen is in poor condition and deprived of its antennae.
Its generic position is uncertain, but clearly it is very near to Inostemma, even if it does
not actually belong there. It is the only Platygasterid yet found in the islands, except-
ing the very abnormal genus Aphanomerus, introduced by myself and Koebele to
destroy the eggs of Siphanta. Aphanomerus pusillus'' is now thoroughly established.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu.

Fam. DIAPRIIDAE.

Phaenopria Ashm.
( I ) Phaenopria frater, sp. nov.

Black, smooth and shining, impunctate, the scape and pedicel of the antennae red,
the latter sometimes only red-tinged, all the legs ferruginous, the front tibiae and all
the femora usually more or less obscured and darker than the hind tibiae and tarsi.

Head with sparse pale hairs, the eyes small, very slightly convex, the ocelli in a
nearly equilateral triangle. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the insect, the
scape about equal to the following four joints together, the first flagellar joint distinctly
longer than the second, longer but not so thick as the pedicel, the flagellar joints
gradually widening to the tip of the antennae, but without a definite club, except that
the apical joint is as long as the two preceding and wider than these. Pronotum rather
densely hairy, the scutellum without a fovea in front, but with the axillae marked off,
the propodeum conspicuously hairy towards the sides, and bearing a strong median
carina, which seen in profile is bent into a distinct angle near the base. Petiole of the

' Aphanomerus would probably be more correctly referred to the subfam. Baeinae, p. 620 ante. R. C. L. P.

HYMENOPTERA 627

abdomen sometimes reddish, with dense clothing like the propodeum, the abdomen
itself elongate-ovate, the second segment about twice as long as all the following
together. Wings with the thickened or punctiform marginal vein blackish fuscous.
Hab. Oahu ; 1500 — 2000 ft.

(2) Phaenopria soror, sp. no v.

Very like P. frater, but differing in the colour of the antennae, the scape being
almost black above, except at the tip ; in the darker colour of the legs, the clavate
portion of the hind tibiae being darkly infuscate ; and in the more elevated and sharper
basal angle of the median carina of the propodeum and the rather larger club joint of
the antennae.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea ; taken while ovipositing in larvae of a species of Droso-
phila.

(3) Phaenopria subtilis, sp. no v.

Extremely like P. soror and P. frater and variable in colour.

Black, polished, the legs and more or less of the antennae being red. Scape some-
times wholly red or partly or all except the base and apex suffused with black or dark
brown ; pedicel and flagellum sometimes wholly pale, the former and some of the basal
joints of the latter always red beneath, though nearly the whole flagellum may be dark
above. Legs sometimes to a considerable extent embrowned.

Antennae with the pedicel thicker and as long or rather longer than the first
funicle joint, the latter a little longer than the second, the funicle joints being mosdy
small and longer than wide to about the sixth joint, the seventh, eighth and ninth are
notably wider than the preceding, the two latter appearing in some aspects fully as
wide as long or even somewhat transverse, the apical joint or club about as long as the
three preceding together or at least not much shorter. Basal abdominal girdle of
yellow hair very dense ; carina of propodeum in lateral aspect with its anterior angle
not very prominent. Length I'S — 17 mm.

Hab. Oahu; Koolau range, 1500 ft. and above.

(4) Phaenopria ambulator, sp. nov.

Female reddish brown or castaneous, the head and the abdomen except at the base
black or nearly so ; the antennae black ; the scape and pedicel more or less red-tinged,
the legs ferruginous or brownish yellow.

Head with the sides slightly convergent behind the eyes basally, sparsely clothed
with pale hairs, the eyes small ; ocelli absent ; antennae not much shorter than the
whole insect, scape about as long as the four following joints, the pedicel and first
flagellar joint nearly equal, the latter much longer than the second, the joints widening
towards the apex of the antennae, there being no definite club ; the penultimate joint

F. H. II. ^^

628 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

subquadrate, about as long as its greatest width, the apical joint ovate, just as long as
the two preceding together, but not quite twice as long as its greatest width. Head,
thorax and abdomen smooth and polished, the head sparsely pilose ; the pronotum,
propodeum and abdominal petiole with dense pale ochreous wool-like hair. Neck when
exposed coarsely transversely rugose. Scutellum distinct, not impressed at base, the
axillae not defined. Wings quite rudimentary, mere filaments, clothed like the propo-
deum and easily overlooked. Abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, the second segment
twice or more than twice the length of all the following together.

Male closely resembles the female ; the antennae are longer, being as long as the
whole insect, the first and second flagellar joints elongate, the second being distinctly
longer than the pedicel, most of the following joints roundish and moniliform.

Van a. Smaller, the scape and pedicel concolorous with the legs, the abdomen
brown, black only apically and at the sides, the head also less black.

Hab. Oahu ; 1 500 — 2000 ft.

(5) Phaenopi-ia montana, sp. nov.

Black, the legs rufotestaceous, the antennae red, becoming darker apically so that
towards the tips they are black or almost so ; thorax sometimes dark brown or pitchy,
a little rufescent in front.

Smooth and shining, the antennae formed much as in P. ambulator, the third joint
quite strongly elongate, decidedly longer than the pedicel. Posterior part of thorax
very densely covered with appressed yellowish hair, the abdomen with a rather con-
spicuous clothing of subdecumbent pubescence. When seen from in front it is notice-
able that these abdominal hairs are more or less directed towards the middle line from
each side. Lengfth 2 mm. Readilv disting-uished from P. ambulator bv colour and
abdominal vestiture.

Hab. Honolulu mountains, about 2000 ft.

(6) Phaenop7'ia hylaea, sp. nov.

Closel)^ allied to P. ambulator. Head, thorax, two basal joints of the antennae
and the legs ferruginous or testaceous ; abdomen and the flagellum of the antennae
black.

Head smooth, flattish above, and thinly clothed like the thorax and abdomen with
short erect hairs. Antennae much shorter than those of P. ambulator ; the pedicel is
rather wider and longer than the following joint, which is subelongate, the fourth and
following joints are small and nearly round, while those preceding the apical one are
strongly transverse, the latter conic-ovate and shorter than the two preceding together.
Thorax and abdomen smooth and shining, the hairy covering of the posterior part of
the former yellowish, and less dense than that oi P. ambulator. Length r5 mm.

Hab. Honolulu mountains, about 2000 ft.

HYMENOPTERA 629

DiAPRiA Latr.
(i) Diapria drosophilae, sp. nov.

Black, the thorax, abdominal pedicel and sometimes the second segment more or
less red or dull red, in the ^ the thorax is sometimes nearly black or only slightly
reddish tinged ; antennae in the $ red excepting the dark club, in the $ the two basal
joints only are wholly yellow or red, but the basal stalk of the other joints is usually
red, legs yellow with the apical joint of tarsi dark.

Head smooth and shining, with sparse long hairs, and a patch of pale pubescence
along the sides of the occipital margins. Antennae of the male very long, the pedicel
not as long as the first funicle joint, which is much shorter than the following and lacks
the long basal stalk, the second and following joints of the funicle are subequal, each
with a very thin stalk, as long or longer than the thickened apical part of the joint,
which bears a whorl of long hairs ; the apical funicle joints are noticeably shorter than
the basal ones, the terminal joint being the smallest of all. Antennae of $ short, with
well-marked three-jointed club, the pedicel much larger and longer than the first funicle
joint, which with all the following joints is elongate or subelongate, the seventh funicle
joint is noticeably wider than the preceding, but still much less wide than the basal
joint of the club. Thorax polished and bearing sparse long hairs, the pronotum densely
clothed with appressed hair ; scutellum foveated at the base, propodeum with a median
carina forming a projecting angle anteriorly, in lateral aspect, pubescent on each side.
Abdominal petiole short, about as long as wide in the ?, rather longer in the $, hairy
and with appressed pubescence ; the rest of the abdomen smooth and polished. Wings
subinfuscate, the cilia shortish. Length about 2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu; commonly parasitic on introduced species oi Drosophila.

(2) Diapria xettica, sp. nov.

Male black, the two basal antennal joints and all the legs yellow.

Head globose, polished, clothed with sparse pale hairs ; antennae with the funicle
moniliform and with whorls of long hairs, the pedicel very much shorter than the first
funicle joint, which is subequal to the second, these two being the longest, but the latter
is more incrassate, and in one aspect concave on one side, convex on the other, the
following joints have at the most a very short stalk and are ovate, the several subapical
joints being shorter than the basal ones and nearly round, the terminal joint somewhat
shorter than the two preceding together. Thorax smooth and polished, sparsely clothed
with erect hairs, the prothorax with a pubescent collar, the scutellum with a basal
impression ; propodeum dull, with a median carina. Wings hyaline, pubescent, with
rather short cilia, the stigma yellow. Abdominal pedicel hardly longer than wide,

81—2

630 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

dull, hairy and pubescent, the rest of the abdomen smooth and polished. Length about
I '5 mm. ^.

Possibly this species should be referred to Ashmead's genus Ceratopria.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; no doubt introduced.

CHALCIDOIDEA.

The endemic Chalcids are chiefly, if not solely, represented by the Families
Miscogasteridae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, and possibly a few species of Pteromalidae
of the subf. Spalangiinae. In these families only a few genera are represented by
native species, but there are a good many unquestionably introduced ones, represented
each by only one or a few species. New forms are constantly appearing in Honolulu,
having been accidentally introduced with plants from other countries, or in some cases
purposely for economic reasons.

Two or three species of Chalcididae have been recently introduced and one has
now become a very common insect and will soon, no doubt, be ubiquitous.

Fam. EURYTOMIDAE.

EURYTOMA 111.

(i) Euryionia sp. ?

Hab. Oahu, Hawaii and probably all the islands. A recent introduction now
common, parasitic on various Braconids.

IsosoMA Walker.

Isosoma spp. ?

Two species of this genus occur in foreign grasses and are now widely distributed
in the islands.

Fam. ENCYRTIDAE.
Subfam. EUPELMINAE.
In addition to the species described below I know two or three other species of
Eupelmines, all introduced and not yet determined.

EuPELMUS Dalman.

The species of this genus are numerous in the islands and I suspect that Ashmead
included many species under the two names E. vtUgaris Ashm. and E. Jlavipes Cam.
To these two species he assigned the whole of my numerous specimens, excepting nine
individuals, of which five were named E. konae, the other four each representing a

HYMENOP TERA 6 ; i

distinct species. E. niger Ashm., xanthopus Ashm., and molokaiaisis seem all to be
very easily distinguished and have not again been met with. E. hawaiiensis Ashm.,
and E. flavipes Cam. could hardly be recognized without inspection of the type, with
any certainty, and the same might be said of E. vulgaris Ashm. I have made no
attempt to include these in my tables, in fact it could not possibly be done, since
characters of essential importance are not mentioned in the descriptions. As far as
Ashmead's "table" is concerned, I may say that examples bred from such distinct
hosts as bees of the genus Prosopis, cocoons of Chrysopidae, eggs of Orthoptera, etc.
(each of the parasites, bred from these, forming a distinct species) would run down to
E. flavipes Cam.

One may doubt whether all the Hawaiian species rightly belong to one genus, but
at present until the genera of Eupelmine Encyrtids are thoroughly revised I do not
-^are to detach any from the genus Eupclnuis. The impossibility of the use of the hairs
on the eyes for generic separation is obvious on examination of the Hawaiian forms,
since all conditions between conspicuously hairy eyes, and those on which only a few
hairs can be detected with difficulty, under high powers of the microscope, are to be
found.

Unfortunately the males cannot be associated with their females except by breeding,
and they are likely to prove more difficult to separate than the latter. All the males
I have bredi rhat belong to females with almost entirely yellow legs, have the legs dark.
Ashmead, however, refers the males with dark legs to similarly coloured females, males
with pale legs to females so coloured, and his determinations are certain to prove
erroneous in many of these cases.

Of course not too much stress can be laid on the metallic colouration of the head,
thorax, etc. in determining species, yet in some cases this colouration is very fairly
constant. The dichotomojs table, which I have made, not without considerable trouble,
would probably fail anyone aLtempting to name isolated species, but will I believe prove
to be of considerable assistance to the worker, after he has given a good deal of time to
the preliminary study of a fairly representative collection. To see the characters
properly it is necessary to relax and manipulate all the specimens, so that the parts are
well exposed for examination.

Synopsis of species (females).

Wings smoky black, white for a short distance basally, scape of antennae
distinctly dilated (apical joint of maxillary palpi dark) i.

Wings uniformly hyaline, at most faintly yellow-tinged or infuscate ; scape
simple 2.

1. Hind tarsi with_ the two apical and (excepting the base and apex) the two

basal joints dark above setiger.

Hind tarsi with a band on the basal joint, and the apical joint black subseiiger.

2. Palpi pale 3-

Palpi dark i/

632 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

3. Scape of antennae to a large extent and the mesopleura yellow E. rhyitcogoni.

Scape darl^, yellow at most at the base above, mesopleura not yellow ...4.

4. Facial impression above the interantennal elevation black, blue-black, or

purple-black, more or less shining, at least in some aspects, finely
shagpeened or quite smooth, never extremely dull and densely and

evenly shagreened over its whole surface 5.

Facial impression generally metallic, of various hues, but very rarely as
above, the surface very dull, conspicuously and densely shagreened,
generally shallow 11.

5. Front and hind femora black or metallic green or blue-black, the apices

only yellow 6.

Front and hind femora largely or entirely pale or the hind femora only pale... 7.

6. Head brilliantly shining E. xestias.

Head not very polished, owing to minute surface sculpture E. axestias.

7. Hind tarsi blackish or dark fuscous above 8.

Hind tarsi pale 9.

8. Front femora black, metallic E. ombrias.

Front femora yellow E. parombrias.

9. Ovipositor black and very short ......E. dysombrias.

Ovipositor pale, except at base 10.

10. Facial impression smooth and highly polished E. xestops.

Facial impression only somewhat shining, being feebly shagreened E. paraxestips.

11. Facial impression dark, blue-black or purple-black, and the sides of the

face between the impression and the margins of the eyes also with

purple or purple-red reflections E. axsstops.

Facial impression of various metallic tints, as also the sides of the face
adjoining it, rarely the impression itself is of a dark obscure tint and
only slightly metallic 12.

12. Scape with a clear yellow or brownish yellow band at the base 13.

Scape without a yellow band at base 14.

13. Abdomen (e.xcept basally) largely of a very dull red or rosy colcar and

excessively densely shagreened, the surface being very dull E. rhodias.

Abdomen nearly uniformly metallic and in some aspects shining E.xanthodorus.

14. Very large species 5 mm. or more ; mesonotum extremely dril and densely

sculptured, its colour for the most part dull metallic coppery, posterior
femora dark and metallic outwardly in the lower j-art, the posterior

tibiae infuscate outwardly • E. ei/prepes.

Smaller species without some or any of the above characters 15.

15. Front femora dark and metallic posteriorly except at the apex and more or

less dark in front also at the base; eyes rather conspicuously hairy

under a strong lens E. oribates.

Front femora yellowish or brown, eyes very little hairy 16.

16. Front tibiae yellow, not at all dark or metallic, mesonotum mostly vivid green ...E. oreias.
Front tibiae metallic and usually distinctly darkened above ; mesonotum

more golden or brassy green E. chrysopinus.

17. Antennae short, and thick, basal funicle joints short not or only a little longer

than wide 41.

Antennae slender, several of the basal joints of funicle elongate and much

longer than wide 1 7 (7.

17a. Ovipositor hardly exserted behind the abdomen 43.

Ovipositor well exserted ,. iS.

HYMENOPTERA 633

18. Facial impression blue-black or with purple leflections, always shining in

certain aspects, often nearly smooth, more or less deep and narrow... 19.
Facial impression rarely black or with purple reflections, usually green,
golden or of other metallic tints, densely and evenly shagreened all over,

quite dull, more or less wide <ind often shallow 26.

19- Ovipositor black or dark fuscous above, at most a little pale apically 20.

Ovipositor largely pale, being at least partly yellow or dull reddish 24.

20. Front femora for a large pait or altogether yellow or yellowish brown 21.

Front femora dark, pitchy and metallic, or metallic black, at most pale at the

tips 23.

21. Larger, legs except front and hind coxae clear brownish yellow, the hind

femora a little metallic outwardly E. monas.

Smaller, legs more or less darkened or sordid in various parts 22.

22. Middle tibiae brown above, except at base and apex E. astheiies.

Middle tibiae pallid yellowish throughout E. parastheties.

23. Front tibiae above uniformly dark or pitchy, metallic E. kptophyas.

Front tibiae black or metallic black and brightly yellow at the apex E. epilamprops.

24. Facial impression above with a strong median carina E. dryas.

Facial impression above with at most a faint trace of a carina 25.

25. Legs brownish yellow or yellowish brown E. peles.

Legs pallid yellow E. chloropus.

26. Ovipositor as long as the abdomen E. euoplias.

Ovipositor shorter than the abdomen 26a.

26a. General colour of the front and hind femora and tibiae dark or black metallic

green, the base and apex usually yellow ■ 27.

General colour of these parts yellow or brownish yellow, at most somewhat
darkened and metallic above or outwardly 34.

27. Middle femora dark brown or pitchy above and beneath (excepting at the

extreme base and at the apex) and hardly metallic ; ovipositor black,

at most pale at the extreme tip E. pelopus.

Middle femora pale beneath, usually more or less dark only on the posterior
face ; ovipositor in some species pale to a considerable extent medially,
yellow or obscure reddish 28.

28. Middle tibiae almost uniformly pale and not, or hardly perceptibly, metallic

above ; ovipositor black E. ntelanacrias.

Middle tibiae more or less darkened and metallic above over a considerable
portion of their surface, or if not very noticeably darkened, the ovipositor
is more or less pale, at least dull reddish in part 29.

29. Ovipositor black E. epimelas.

Ovipositor pale, yellowish, reddish or obscure red in the middle 30.

30. Abdominal pleura with wide dark bands, that are hardly metallic, separated

by metallic bands E. cluilcoprepes.

Abdominal pleura nearly uniformly metallic 31-

31. Intermediate abdominal segments metallic blue or green with narrow, dark

and hardly metallic apical margins E. caerulophanes.

Intermediate abdominal segments above dark blackish fuscous, dull bluish
black or purple-black, with bright metallic tints, at most, only at the
extreme base 32.

32. Head in front aspect between the front ocellus and the facial impression

hardly shining or dull, densely sculptured ; mesonotal ridges red or rosy
metallic 33 •

634 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Head in front above the facial impression rather shining and smoother ;

mesonotal ridges not reddish E. heterosomus.

33. Smaller; marginal vein yellow, nearly uniform in colour and like the stigmal ;

facial impression sordid metallic E. rhododorus.

Larger ; marginal vein infuscate, much paler at the extreme base, darker than

the stigmal ; facial impression green metallic — E. amaurndes.

34. Scape of antennae yellow or brownish yellow basally %%.

Scape not yellow at the base 35.

35. Ovipositor very short about half the length of the hind tarsi E. achreiodes.

Ovipositor more than half the length of the hind tarsi 36.

36. Front tibiae at most a little browner and slightly metallic above E. aporostichus.

Front tibiae with a dark conspicuous metallic line above 37.

37. Middle tibiae with a dark metallic line above ; facial impression brightly

metallic green or golden E. eustichus.

Middle tibiae at most a little deeper brown above and not or hardly metallic ;

facial impression of sordid metallic colour E. pelodes.

38. Fully the basal half of the scape of antennae yellow E. kemixanthus.

Less than half of the scape yellow 39.

39. Front tibiae above yellow without a conspicuous dark metallic line ; ab-

dominal pleura brightly metallic basally, dark apically E. pauroxanthits.

Front tibiae above with a dark metallic line ; abdominal pleura not so
coloured, very dull and densely sculptured 40.

40. Mesothoracic pleura with distinct green metallic tint in part E. leucothrix.

Mesothoracic pleura without distinct green tint E. paraleucothrix.

41. Mesonotum medially fine metallic green, the ridges purple and strongly

contrasted with the other E. basileius.

Mesonotum without these strongly contrasted colours 42.

42. Middle tibiae above dark and metallic except at the extreme base and at the

apex; hind tarsi black or dark above, except at the base E. melanotarsus.

Middle tibiae above only somewhat sordid in the middle ; hind tarsi mostly

yellow E. xaiithoiarsiis.

43. Hind femora and tibiae dark, the latter yellow apically ; middle legs entirely

yellow, excepting the tips of the tarsi E. dysoplias.

(i) Eupelnms setiger, sp. nov.

Very dull, the head and thorax very densely shagreened and clothed with short,
thick, white, subappressed setae. Head posteriorly with a greenish metallic tinge in
front of this obscure coppery; mesonotum posteriorly dark fuscous, very little
metallic, in front and externally to the ridges dull reddish, scutellum and axillae still
more conspicuously red, mesopleura with a dull green tint in the middle. Abdomen
shining metallic red at the extreme base, for the rest dull bluish or greenish black and
densely sculptured, its sides with white setae like those of the thorax. Legs for the
most part purplish black, the knee joints pale, basal joint of the front and middle tarsi
pale at base and the former also at the apex, second and fourth joints of front tarsi
brownish above, third yellow, fifth black ; third and fourth joints of middle tarsi yellow,
hind tarsi like the front ones with third joint entirely yellow, the second and fourth

HYMENOPTERA 635

brown. Ovipositor white, black on more than its apical third, and also at the extreme
base.

Head with the facial impression shallow, dull, densely shagreened, not defined
above ; eyes distinctly pubescent, scape of antennae dilated, the basal part of the funicle
metallic green or golden green and densely clothed with appressed white hair, apical
two or three joints of funicle and the club not so clothed, black and only slightly
metallic. Wing smoky blackish, with a white band near the base, neuration sordid
yellowish. Ovipositor short, about as long as the first two or three joints of the hind
tarsi. Length % 3 mm.

A robust species, very unlike any other, except the following, and probably not a
true Etipeimus.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(2) Enpelmiis subsetiger, sp. nov.

Extremely like the preceding in colour, clothing and sculpture, but only about half
the bulk, length 2 mm. Front tarsi with the basal and apical joints dark, the rest
yellow, hind tarsi with the basal joint widely pale at base, and narrowly at the apex, the
three following joints yellow, the apical joint dark, ovipositor black at extreme base,
lightly infuscate apically.

Hab. Oahu, on the coast.

(3) Eupelniiis rhyncogoni P.
Eupelmus rhyncogoni Perk., Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 132.
Hab. Oahu ; 1 200 ft. and upwards.

(4) Enpelmtis xestias, sp. nov.

Head above with brassy and red reflections, smooth and shining, with some feeble
punctures ; facial impression deep purplish black, smooth and shining with a median
carina above, palpi pale yellow or whitish. Antennae elongate, clavate, the first two
funicle joints elongate and the longest, the third stouter than the second, but longer
than wide, the apical joints transverse ; scape with bright metallic green reflection.
Mesonotum golden, with redder reflections in the front and on the scapulae, very finely
shao-reened and with scattered punctures. Front and hind coxae, front and hind
femora, except at the apex, and half or more of the anterior tibiae black or dark, rest
of the leo-s brownish yellow, or in parts yellow. Neuration yellow. Abdomen with
brio-ht green metallic reflection at base, the rest dull, densely shagreened or sculptured,
black or at the most faindy metallic. Ovipositor black, about as long as the first two
or three joints of the hind tarsi. Length ? 2 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; 4000 ft.

F. H. II. ^-

636 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Eupelntus axestias, sp. nov.

Head above dull or only slightly shining, the sculpture very fine and indefinite,
metallic green or yellowish green and with some coppery red reflection, facial impres-
sion dark with purple reflections, smooth and shining, deep, its upper edge well margined,
and with a median carina ; palpi whitish. Antennae subclavate, the pedicel much
stouter and as long or longer than the first funicle joint, which with the next two is
elongate, the last funicle joint being as wide or wider than long ; scape with metallic
green reflection, eyes distinctly hairy. Front and hind coxae, front and hind femora,
except apically, dark and metallic, the front tibiae also dark, but widely yellow apically,
middle tibiae a little brown above near the base, the rest of the legs brownish. yellow or
in parts still paler. Mesonotum with white pubescence, dull, bronzy, very finely and
closely shagreened, and with scattered feeble punctures, externally to the ridges more
coppery; abdominal pleura dull purplish black ; ovipositor black, about as long as the
three first joints of the hind tarsi. Length % about 2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, 1800 ft.

(6) Evipelnius ombrias, sp. nov.

Head black, with slight metallic green reflection, finely rugulose behind the ocelli,
but otherwise very feebly sculptured, yet hardly shining. Paljai pale yellow ; facial
impression very deep, smooth and shining, with a median carina, and its upper margin
well defined, deep black or with slight purple lustre. Eyes very little pubescent. An-
tennae of the usual form, subclavate, the pedicel and first flagellar joint subequal, the
several basal joints of the funicle all being elongate, scape metallic green-black. Meso-
notum more or less black or dark in front and at the sides, metallic with various hues,
but not very brightly. Mesopleura blackish, slightly metallic. Abdomen green or
blue-black above. Ovipositor missing, probably very short. Front and hind coxae
dark, metallic, and also the front femora, rest of legs for the most part brownish yellow,
at most a little darker in parts (e.g. the middle coxae basally); the hind tarsi con-
spicuously dark. Length % 2 mm.

Hab. Molokai ; 2500 ft.

(7) Eupelinus parombrias, sp. nov.

Head above slightly metallic, not shining ; the facial impression deep, black with
slight purplish tinge, smooth and shining in some aspects, its upper margin well-defined,
without a definite median carina. Palpi pale, scape of antennae largely brown or
yellowish brown basally, darker and slightly metallic apically; the basal joints of the
funicle elongate, the first being the thinnest and longest, the last funicle joint as wide or
wider than long. Mesonotum greenish black and with some golden or brassy reflection,
its pubescence dark and inconspicuous ; pleura of the thorax pitchy brown, dull and

HYMENOPTERA 637

metallic. Abdomen blackish, with green metallic reflection at extreme base. Legs
yellow, the front coxae browner, the hind tarsi entirely brown or infuscate. Wings
hyaline, neuration yellow. Ovipositor dark or pitchy, shorter than the hind tarsi.
Length % about 2 mm.

Has. Oahu ; Koolau range, 1500 ft.

(8) Eupelmus dysombrias, sp, nov.

Head finely punctured and somewhat shining and smooth, black, with metallic
reflections behind the ocelli, blue-black in front of these, the facial impression deep,
black or with slight purple tinge, viewed from the apex appearing nearly smooth, in
front view very finely shagreened, its upper margin distinctly defined, no distinct
median carina. Antennae with the basal joints of the funicle elongate ; eyes very
sparsely hairy. Mesonotum brassy, but not very brightly metallic, densely shagreened,
clothed with short and not very conspicuous, white hairs ; mesopleura for a large part
dull coppery. Abdomen at the base and sides bright copper-coloured, in the depression
blackish with coppery reflections. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, middle
coxae also dark beneath, rest of legs yellow, the front femora outwardly with metallic
green reflection, but not darkened. Neuration yellow. Ovipositor black, short, about
as long as the two basal joints of the hind tarsi. Length % rS mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, not 100 ft. above sea-level.

(9) Eupelmus xe stops, sp. nov.

Head smooth, with a few fine punctures, polished ; facial impression deep, smooth,
blue or purplish black, a trace of a median carina at its upper extremity, the margin of
which is well defined. Eyes distinctly but rather sparsely hairy, palpi pale ; scape of
antennae with metallic green reflection, basal funiclar joints elongate, the apical one
about as long as wide. Mesonotum with white, short hairs, quite dull and densely
shagreened, dull brassy; mesopleura in front and posteriorly more coppery. Front
and hind coxae dark and more or less metallic, rest of legs brownish yellow or testaceous
and not metallic. Abdomen brilliant coppery at the base, the rest of the surface and
the pleura also conspicuously metallic, but less bright than the base. Ovipositor yellow
or yellowish brown, black at the base, as long as the hind tarsi, or rather longer.
Length % 3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau, 4C00 ft.

(10) Eupelmus paraxestops, sp. nov.

Head dull, or at least only faintly shining in part, metallic with distinct green
reflection in part at least, the surface finely rugulose and with some faint punctures ;
facial impression deep, blue or purplish black, smooth, with indication of a median

82—2

638 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

longitudinal carina, its upper margin distinctly defined. Palpi pale, antennae obscurely-
brown basally, of the usual structure, eyes apparently with very few hairs or almost
glabrous. Mesonotum metallic green, with brassy or golden reflections, mesopleura
with a bluish space near the middle. Abdomen brilliantly metallic green at the base,
its depressed portion dark bluish or purplish black, the pleura metallic green and
coppery. Legs, e.xcept the dark and metallic front and hind coxae, entirely yellow or
brownish yellow. Neuration yellow. Ovipositor yellow, black at the base, shorter
than the hind tarsi. Length % about 3 mm.
Hab. Oahu ; Koolau range, 1500 ft.

(11) Etipeh7t2is axestops, sp. nov.

Head brightly metallic above, brassy or golden with more or less red or coppery
red reflections ; facial impression deep, blue- or purple-black, dull, distinctly and closely
shagreened, its upper margin distinctly defined. Antennae slender and elongate, the
four basal funiclar joints all long and slender, scape brightly metallic, usually more
or less brownish basally. Palpi pale, eyes somewhat pubescent, but not very con-
spicuously so. Mesonotum bright green, or brassy green, the scapulae metallic red or
coppery red, the pubescence white, the surface dull with dense distinct shagreening ;
pleura with red and coppery reflections. Abdomen at the extreme base bright green,
behind this dull black or purplish black, the apical segments metallic, the pleura nearly
uniformly coppery red. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, rest of legs yellow or
brownish yellow. Ovipositor black at the extreme base, the rest yellow or brownish
yellow, nearly as long as the hind tarsi. Length $ 3 '5 — 4 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; widely distributed at elevations of 1 200 ft. and upwards.

(12) EiLpelmus rliodias, sp. nov.

Head and thorax of an infuscate or sordid copper colour, extremely dull and very
densely shagreened, clothed conspicuously with pale hairs. Facial excavation shallow,
very densely shagreened and dull, not distinctly margined above ; antennae widely pale
(yellowish brown) at the base, on the apical portion dark brown or fuscous ; palpi pale ;
eyes conspicuously hairy ; first funicle joint of antennae longer than the pedicel, the
second also elongate but shorter than the first ; mesopleura somewhat like the
mesonotum in colour, but with dull green tints in part. Legs with the front and hind
coxae dark and metallic, for the rest the legs are brown and yellowish, being darker in
some parts than others, the apices or base and apices of the joints being usually more
yellow. Neuration yellow. Abdomen very dull and densely shagreened, black and red
or dull rose-coloured for the most part, at the extreme base brilliantly metallic, but even
here with a quite distinct surface sculpture. Ovipositor sordid yellowish, black at the
base, longish, as long or longer than the hind tarsi. Length ? 3"5 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 2500 ft.

HYMENOPTERA 639

(13) Eupelmus xanthodorus, sp. nov.

Head dull, rough with shallow punctures and surface sculpture, obscure coppery
metallic. Facial impression not very deep, very dull, densely shagreened, with greenish
tint in the antennal scrobes, its upper edge not distinctly margined, faint traces of a
median carina, which is probably not a constant character. Eyes sparsely and incon-
spicuously hairy ; scape of antennae clear yellowish at the base, three basal funicle
joints all quite strongly elongate. Palpi pale. Mesonotum dull, roughly shagreened,
copper-coloured, clothed with white hairs, mesopleura coppery, except the usual dull
median area. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, rest of legs yellow or brownish
yellow, hind femora outwardly rather browner and with metallic reflection. Abdomen
above metallic, most conspicuously so at base, the pleura nearly uniform coppery and
shining in some aspects. Ovipositor sordid yellowish brown, black at base, and nearly
white close to the tip, hardly as long as the hind tarsi. %. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau ?. The locality of this species is a little uncertain and
possibly it may be from Oahu.

(14) Eitpebnus euprepes, sp. nov.

Head of a dull copper colour, its surface extremely dull and densely shagreened,
facial impression shallow, very densely shagreened, dull, its sculpture finer than on the
sides of the face adjoining. Eyes with excessively short, inconspicuous hairs. Palpi
pale. Mandibles except the tips and the pedicel at the base of the scape of the antennae
yellowish, scape metallic, first funicle joint very long, longer than the pedicel or than
the second joint, which with the next two is strongly elongate. Mesonotum dull copper-
coloured, very densely shagreened, not the least shining, thoracic pleura to a large
extent metallic green. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, the rest of the legs for
the most part yellow or brownish yellow, the front femora with a dark metallic line
behind, the front tibiae largely dark and metallic, posterior femora dark and metallic
outwardly on their lower part at least, the hind tibiae subinfuscate and with metallic
reflection ; middle tibiae similarly somewhat sordid and metallic, except at the base and
apex. Abdomen with brilliant green and golden reflections at the extreme base, behind
this banded with blackish hardly metallic and dull greenish metallic transverse areas,
pleura dull metallic-coloured (mostly green or coppery) with narrow dark apical bands.
Ovipositor yellow, rather widely black at base, about one and a half times the length of
the hind tarsi. Length 5-5 mm. ?.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(15) Eupelmus oribates, sp. nov.
Head above golden and green metallic, more or less sordid anteriorly, facial
impression very dull, shagreened, moderately deep, its upper limits definite, but without
a distinct margin, colour dull metallic green to a large extent. Palpi pale, antennae

640 FAUNA HAWAIIENSrS

without special characters, the several basal joints of the funicle elongate, the first the
longest. Eyes distinctly hairy. Mesonotum roughly shagreened, golden metallic, the
scapulae reddish coppery, very conspicuously clothed with white hairs. Front and hind
coxae dark and metallic, legs otherwise mostly brownish yellow, the front femora are
darkened at the base and have a dark metallic line beneath, the front tibiae are some-
what embrowned and metallic. Posterior femora more or less darkened outwardly and
with green metallic reflection. Abdomen brightly metallic at base, the rest blackish
and hardly metallic, except the apex, which, as often, is again brightly metallic ; ab-
dominal pleura coppery metallic. Ovipositor yellow, black at base, shorter than the
hind tarsi, about equal to the first two or three joints. Length % about 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Pali, Deer. 1900, no. 803.

(16) Eupelnuis oreias, sp. nov.

Head metallic green, the facial impression dark coloured, with slight bluish or
purplish tint in some lights, densely shagreened, dull, rather deep ; the sides of face
between the impression and the eyes metallic coppery or golden. Antennae normal,
palpi pale, eyes hardly noticeably hairy. Mesonotum largely bright green, densely
shagreened, scapulae more golden or golden green ; clothing of white hairs not very
conspicuous, chiefly observable at the sides ; thoracic pleura less brightly metallic than
the mesonotum, having dull green and golden reflections, abdominal pleura coppery.
Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, legs otherwise entirely pale. Abdomen above
metallic, dark banded. Ovipositor short, yellow, black at the base, about half the length
of the hind tarsi. Length $ 275 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Koolau range, 1500 ft.

(17) Eiipelmus chrysopinus, sp. nov.

Head metallic, green, golden green or golden, the facial impression dull metallic of
various colours, sometimes dull greenish or purplish black, but always with blue or
purple reflection about the interantennal elevation, the surface densely shagreened and
dull. Palpi pale ; antennae without special characters, eyes very little hairy. Meso-
notum dull or nearly so, brassy or golden green, the scapulae coppery or reddish,
wholly or in part. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, the rest of the legs pale,
yellow or brownish yellow, the front tibiae above metallic and usually dark on this
metallic line. Abdomen at the base brilliantly green, behind this dark purplish black
and with more or less blue or green reflections, the apical segment bright metallic
coppery, the pleura uniformly copper-coloured. Ovipositor yellow, black at the base,
short, about half the length of the hind tarsi. Length % 3 — 3 '8 mrn.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau at various elevations.

HYMENOP TERA 64 1

(18) Etipelnius monas, sp. nov.

Head somewhat shining, golden with some green and coppery reflections, finely
rugulose and with some sparse fine punctures, facial impression, purple or reddish purple,
with the surface rugulose and not shining, with a more or less distinct median longi-
tudinal carina. Antennae of the usual form, eyes with very short hairs, palpi dark.
Mesonotum rather dull golden, densely shagreened, quite conspicuously clothed with
white hairs, scapulae more or less infuscate. Neuration yellow. Front and hind coxae
dark and metallic, the rest of the legs yellow, hind femora appearing a little dark above.
Abdomen bright metallic coppery at extreme base and at the apex, the intermediate
parts dull blackish, the pleura uniformly metallic coppery, ovipositor black or blackish
fuscous, a little shorter than the hind tarsi, about equal to the three or four basal joints
together. Length % 3 mm.

On account of the dull rugulose facial impression, which is less narrow at the
bottom than is usual in the species, in which the colour of this part is purple, and also
because the impression is of more metallic tint than in the other species, it is doubtful
whether this species should really be placed with those having a blue-black or purple-
black face.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

(19) Eupeltnus asthenes, sp. nov.
Head shining, golden, more or less rugulose and with fine punctures, facial im-
pression very deep, smooth, deep black or purplish black ; eyes scarcely hairy, antennae
of the usual form. Palpi dark. Mesonotum dull, finely and closely shagreened, deeply
depressed in the middle, dull brassy, in front and the scapulae coppery. Front and hind
coxae black and metallic, general colour of rest of legs yellow or yellowish brown, the
front femora behind darkened and metallic, front tibiae excepting the apex and extreme
base dark and metallic above ; hind femora, hind and middle tibiae also more or less
embrowned and with metallic reflection, the apex of the tibiae being quite pale. Base
of abdomen brightly metallic green, behind this the segments are blackish and hardly
metallic, the terminal segment bright coppery ; abdominal pleura also copper-coloured.
Ovipositor black, about equal in length to the hind tarsi. Length $2-25 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(20) Eupelmus parasthenes, sp. nov.
Head above somewhat shining, green or golden, the facial impression very deep,
purple-black in colour, and sometimes with more or less evidence of a median carina, in
some aspects the surface appearing nearly smooth. Palpi dark, eyes collapsed after
death, probably very little hairy, antennae with no special characters, Mesonotum with
conspicuous white pubescence, brassy with the front lobe and the scapulae more reddish

642 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

or copper-coloured. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, rest of legs generally
yellow, the front femora behind are somewhat darkened and metallic, the front tibiae a
little sordid, the hind femora are embrowned outwardly and have a metallic reflection,
the hind tibiae are also somewhat darkened above and slightly metallic, their apices and
the base of the tarsi being white. Abdomen bright coppery at the base and tip,
between these dark and hardly metallic, the pleura wholly copper-coloured. Ovipositor
blackish, about as long as the hind tarsi. Length % 2*6 mm.

Hab. Oahu, on Piptui'tis, no. 857.

(21) Eiipelmus leptophyas, sp. nov.

Head scarcely shining, finely and sparsely punctured, golden or golden green ; the
facial impression deep, purple-black, smooth and shining, face between the impression
and eye margins also black ; palpi dark, antennae of the usual form, eyes with sparse
hairs. Mesonotum brassy, green tinged, finely shagreened, the scapulae more reddish
golden or coppery, clothed with white hairs. Neuration yellow. Front and hind coxae,
the front and hind femora (except at extreme base and apex) dark and metallic, front
tibiae dark and metallic above (except at base and apex), hind tibiae at most slightly
embrowned, rest of legs brownish yellow or yellow, except the tips of the tarsi.
Abdomen brilliantly green at extreme ba.se, behind this dull blackish, the apex reddish
coppery ; abdominal pleura fiery copper-coloured, the intermediate segments, when not
contracted, green metallic basally. Ovipositor blackish or dark fuscous, paler at the
extreme tip, long and slender, rather longer than the hind tarsi. Length $ 4*5 mm.

The abdominal segments in this example were fully extended, so that some speci-
mens might be considerably shorter.

Hab. Hawaii (Mauna Loa), 4000 ft.

(22) Eupelvius epilamprops, sp. nov.

Head finely rugulose, in some aspects shining about the ocelli, and golden metallic,
facial impression deep, purplish black, the surface nearly smooth seen from the apex,
and with a more or less distinct median carina ; antennae of the usual form, the palpi
dark, the eyes inconspicuously hairy. Mesonotum coppery in front and on the scapulae,
posteriorly more golden, conspicuously clothed with white hairs. Front and hind coxae
dark and metallic, front femora almost entirely dark brown or pitchy, metallic above and
behind, front tibiae much the same as the femora, tarsi brown or fuscous above.
Middle legs yellowish, the tibiae dark above except at the base and apex. Hind femora
embrowned, more yellow apically, slightly metallic, hind tibiae dark or brown above
except at the apex, the tarsi dark above, except the basal joint, which is mostly pale.

HYMENOPTERA 643

Neuration pale, yellowish. Abdomen brilliantly metallic at the extreme base and
coppery at the tip, between these mostly dull blackish, the pleura coppery. Ovipositor
slender, black, about equal in length to the hind tarsi. Length % 3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau, 4000 ft.

(23) Eupelnms dryas, sp. nov.

Head in some aspects a little shining, finely rugulose and sparsely punctured, green
or golden green, facial impression purple-black, smooth or nearly so at least in some
aspects and with a median carina ; palpi dark, eyes bare or nearly so, antennae of the
usual structure, with elongate basal funicular joints. Mesonotum in front and on the
scapulae coppery, posteriorly more or less green, dull, densely shagreened, clothed with
white pubescence. Neuration yellow. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, all the
rest of the legs brownish yellow, front femora with metallic tint posteriorly. Abdomen
brilliant metallic green at base, the apex coppery, most of the intermediate segments
dull black, or purplish black, pleura copper-coloured. Ovipositor reddish, longer than
the hind tarsi. Length $375 mm.

Van dubius, the legs paler yellow, the middle tibiae except at base and apex
subinfuscate above, the front femora without metallic tint posteriorly, facial impression
less smooth and with fine surface sculpture.

Hab. Molokai, 3000 ft. ; var. dubius Oahu, 1500 ft. I have seen only a damaged
specimen of the latter, which has lost its ovipositor ; it is probably a distinct species.

(24) Eupelinus chloropits, sp. nov.

Head above green and usually with some golden reflections, more or less shining
anteriorly, in some aspects at least ; facial impression deep, somewhat rugulose or
shagreened, but still appearing smooth and shining when viewed from the apex, usually
with fine reddish purple reflections ; palpi dark, antennae normal, with several of the
basal funicular joints elongate. Eyes usually collapsed in dry specimens, probably with
very few hairs. Mesonotum metallic green, densely shagreened, the front lobe more
golden and the scapulae with coppery red or fiery reflections, conspicuously clothed with
white hairs. Neuration pale yellowish. Legs excepting the dark and metallic front
and hind coxae almost entirely pale yellow. Abdomen brilliant metallic green at the
extreme base, behind this dull blackish, the apex coppery ; pleura copper-coloured.
Ovipositor black at base and more or less fuscous at the apex, the rest yellow, rather
longer than the hind tarsi. Length $ 3— 4'25 "'"'"•

This species is unusually slender and elongate.

Hab Oahu ; mountains near Honolulu, 1200 ft. and upwards.

F. H. II. ^

644 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(25) Eupelmus peles, sp. no v.

Head metallic, with coppery and green, or golden reflections, rugulose and sparsely
punctured ; facial impression deep, wide, shagreened, but the antennal grooves are
smoother and shining in some aspects, purplish black, as also the sides of the face between
its impression and the eye margins. Palpi black, antennae of the usual form, eyes bare
or nearly so. Mesonotum coppery or reddish coppery on the front lobe and on the
scapulae, posteriorly dull golden or greenish, densely shagreened, the surface dull.
Neuration yellow. Legs brownish yellow or yellowish brown, the front and hind coxae
dark and metallic, the front femora above and the hind ones outwardly with slight
metallic reflection, but not dark. Abdomen brilliantly golden green at the base, behind
this for the most part blackish ; the bases of the intermediate segments, when exposed,
are metallic, at least on each side, the pleura coppery. Ovipositor black at the base,
the rest yellowish, decidedly longer than the hind tarsi. Length ? 4"2 5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(26) Eitpelmus etioplias, sp. nov.

Head above coppery or more golden in some lights, dull, rugulose and sparsely and
finely punctured ; facial impression dull, densely shagreened, wide at the bottom, metallic
like the sides of the face adjoining it, and more or less green about the antennal
grooves, but somewhat less bright, antennae slender with elongate basal funicular joints
as usual, palpi dark, eyes sparsely hairy. Mesonotum coppery or reddish metallic on
the front lobe and on the ridges of the scapulae, dull and densely shagreened. Front
and hind coxae, front and hind femora and tibiae dark and metallic, except the knee
joints of the front legs and the apex of their tibiae, the knee joint of the hind legs which
are more widely yellowish, the extreme base of the hind femora, and the apices of the
hind tibiae ; middle tibiae distinctly embrowned and metallic above except at the base
and apex, middle coxae also partly dark and metallic, tarsi brown or infuscate above,
those of the middle legs less dark than the others, basal joint of hind tarsi whitish at
base. Neuration yellowish, the stigmal vein postmarginal and apical part of the
marginal vein more sordid or infuscate. Abdomen brightly metallic at the extreme
base, behind this blackish, the ape.x coppery, as also the pleura. Ovipositor long, black,
but on about its apical half it is sordid yellowish, about as long as the abdomen, when
this is not contracted, interrupted a little before the basal fourth of its length. Length %

375 mm-

This species must be very close to E. konae Ashm., but difi"ers so much in detail,
that I hesitate to consider it to be that species.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

HYMENOPTERA 645

(27) Eiipelnius peloptis, sp. nov.

Head green, in dorsal aspect dull, rugulose, with a few, nearly effaced, punctures,
the facial impression wide, shallow, dull, densely rugulose, even in the antennal grooves,
metallic greenish. Antennae of the usual form, eyes glabrous or nearly, palpi dark.
Mesonotum dull, densely shagreened, green, the front lobe more golden, the ridges
with coppery reflections. Front coxae, femora and tibiae almost wholly dark and
brightly metallic, the trochanters black, slightly metallic, tarsi for the most part dark
brownish above ; middle legs with the femora blackish, pale at base and apex, tibiae
also darkish brown except at base and apex, tarsi mostly pale ; hind legs with the coxae
and femora brilliant metallic green, the tip of the latter yellow, the tibiae dark fuscous
and much less metallic than the femora, their base and apex pale, basal joint of tarsi
pale, the rest dark above. Neuration yellow, appearing darker from the clothing of
black hairs. Abdomen metallic green at the base, coppery at the tip. Ovipositor
black, the tip pale, a little shorter than the hind tarsi. Length % ? 3-5 mm.

Having seen but one example, which is in a much contracted state, I cannot give
its length exactly.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau district, about 4000 ft.

(28) Eupelmus melanacrias, sp. nov.

Head above golden in some aspects with green reflections, dull and rugulose, but
seen obliquely somewhat shining; facial impression dull blackish, as also the sides of
the head between it and the eye-margins, the surface quite dull, rugulose or shagreened ;
palpi dark, antennae of the usual form, eyes with excessively short hairs, fairly numerous
in parts, but very inconspicuous. Mesonotum dull and shagreened, the front lobe and
the parapsides or scapulae coppery or reddish coppery, the rest with some greenish tint.
Front coxae, femora and tibiae dark and metallic (at most pale at the apices) the
trochanters also mostly dark and metallic, tarsi yellow, the apical joints dark above ;
middle legs brownish yellow, hind legs with the coxae and femora dark and metallic, the
latter yellow at the tips, tibiae dark except at base and apex and metallic, trochanters
and tarsi, except the apical joints, yellow. Neuration yellow. Abdomen metallic blue
and green above, the tip coppery ; ovipositor blackish, inclining to pitchy, about as long
as the hind tarsi without their apical joint. Length % 3 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 4000 ft.

(29) Eupelmus chalcoprepes, sp. nov.

Head green or golden green, the surface dull and roughened with rugulosity and
some shagreening ; facial impression somewhat shallow, the surface dull, very densely
shagreened or somewhat rugulose, the colour metallic, but not of vivid hues ; scape fine

83—2

646 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

metallic green in some lights, the palpi dark, the eyes sparsely and inconspicuously
pilose. Mesonotum with pallid yellowish or whitish hairs, green and more or less
golden, the ridges sometimes coppery. Front and hind coxae, femora, and tibiae dark
and metallic green, their apices and bases (excepting the coxae) more or less yellow,
their trochanters also for the most part dark, all the joints of their tarsi more or less
darkened above, the basal joint pale at the base ; middle legs yellowish, their coxae
outwardly dark and metallic, the femora with a dark metallic line, the tibiae brown and
metallic above except at the base and apex, the tarsi pale. Abdomen brilliant metallic
green at the base, behind this the segments are dark, blackish, with basal metallic green
or blue bands, tip of abdomen in apical view brilliant coppery, pleura blackish, with
basal metallic bands ; ovipositor black at base, and darkened towards the apex, between
these parts yellowish or reddish, about as long as the first two or three joints of the hind
tarsi. Marginal and stigmal veins of front wings subinfuscate. Length % 4 — 4'5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau district, 4000 ft.

(30) Eupelmus epimelas, sp. nov.

Head above dull golden, the surface minutely but roughly sculptured, dull and
rugulose, facial impression rather shallow, greenish, densely shagreened or rugulose, dull,
palpi dark, antennae of the usual form, eyes hairy, but not conspicuously so. Mesonotum
greenish metallic, finely shagreened, dull, with sparse and fine but roughish punctures,
the ridges with reddish reflections. Legs almost similar to those of E. chalcoprepes,
but the middle coxae and the hind trochanters are yellow. Abdomen metallic green at
the base, behind this purplish black, the tip green, seen from above, coppery in apical
view ; pleura coppery. Ovipositor black, shorter than the hind tarsi, about equal to the
three basal joints. Length % about 3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(31) Eupelmus caeriilopJiantes, sp. nov.

Head above metallic green or golden, densely finely rugulose and shagreened, so
as to be rough and dull in dorsal aspect, facial impression shallow, densely rugulosely
shagreened, the surface dull, with green and coppery metallic colour ; eyes incon-
spicuously pilose, palpi dark, antennae of the usual form. Mesonotum with rather
sparse white hairs, dull, densely shagreened, golden, the parapsidal ridges reddish
coppery. Legs much as in E. chalcoprepes, but the basal joint of the hind tarsi is
entirely yellow or whitish ; hind trochanters yellow, middle tibiae subinfuscate above, a
little beyond the base, and metallic, the base and the apex more widely pale. Abdomen
brilliant blue-green at the base, the intermediate segments dull metallic blue or green
with dark fuscous apical bands, fifth segment entirely bluish metallic. Ovipositor black

HYMENOPTERA 647

at the base and apex, between pale, of an obscure yellowish brown colour, a good deal
shorter than the hind tarsi, about as long as the two basal joints together. Length
? 375 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Waimea, no. 829.

(32) Eupelmus heterosomus, sp. nov.

Head above dull in one aspect, finely rugulose, in other positions considerably
shining, with coppery and brassy reflections, facial impression wide but deep, entirely
rugulosely shagreened, metallic with some purplish lustre ; antennae of the usual form ;
eyes with a good many hairs, but they are very short and not conspicuous ; palpi dark.
Mesonotum conspicuously white-haired, shagreened, dull, of a golden or brassy metallic
colour, darker on the front lobe and on the parapsides. Legs almost as in E. caerulo-
phantes, the basal joint of hind tarsi entirely yellow, the hind tibiae widely yellow at
the apex, the middle femora entirely or almost entirely yellow or brownish yellow, the
middle tibiae very dark and metallic above, except at the base and. apex. Abdomen
brightly metallic at extreme base, the rest dull black or bluish black, the tip, viewed
apically, bright copper colour ; pleura coppery ; ovipositor black at base and more or
less dark at the apex, the rest reddish, shorter than the hind tarsi. Length $ about
3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau, 4000 ft.

{■^l) Eiipelmus rhododoriis, sp. nov.

Head above reddish golden, dull, roughly sculptured, the facial impression dull,
densely rugulosely shagreened, of much duller metallic colour than the sides of the face
along the margin of the eyes, the latter with a good many short hairs on their outer
portion, the antennae of the usual form, the palpi dark. Mesonotum bright metallic
o-reen, more golden on the anterior lobe, the parapsides metallic red or rosy. Front
and hind legs much as in the several preceding species, middle coxae with bright
metallic tint and darkened, middle femora with a metallic line, middle tibiae whitish
yellow at base and apex, brownish and metallic, but not dark, between ; basal joint of
hind tarsi yellowish white, like the apex of the tibia. Abdomen brilliant metallic green
and o-olden at the base, the rest dull blackish, the tip, viewed apically, copper-coloured ;
ovipositor black at base, beyond this sordid reddish or brown, not differing much from
the hind tarsi in length. Length ? 3-5 mm.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

(34) Eupelmus amaurodes, sp. nov.
Head above green, more golden in front, dull with rough surface sculpture, and
anteriorly with remote, largish, feebly impressed punctures ; facial impression very
densely shagreened and dull, shallow on its upper part, green, the sides of the face

648 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

adjoining it golden or reddish golden ; antennae of the usual form, eyes evidently
pilose, but the hairs extremely short, palpi dark. Mesonotum brightly metallic, green
and golden, densely and rather strongly shagreened, the parapsides rosy red.
Front and hind legs as in the preceding species, the basal joint of hind tarsi entirely
pale, middle femora with a darkened metallic line, the tibiae dark brown above, except
at base and apex, and metallic. Front wings with marginal, stigmal and postmarginal
veins fuscous. Abdomen with bright green metallic colour at the base, behind this for
the most part dull blackish, the tip in apical view coppery red, the pleura coppery;
ovipositor black at base, beyond this brown, short, about as long as the two or three
basal joints of the hind tarsi. Length % 4*5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(35) E^ipelimts achreiodes, sp. nov.

Head green and golden above, rugulose and with largish feeble or subobsolete
punctures anteriorly, facial impression shallow and very wide, dull, densely shagreened,
blackish green, the upper extremity of the interantennal elevation purplish, sides of face
between the impression and the eyes metallic ; antennae of the usual structure, palpi
dark, eyes very little hairy. Mesonotum densely shagreened, clothed with white hairs,
green or golden green, the parapsides with reddish coppery reflections. Front and
hind coxae dark and metallic, the rest of the legs yellow, front tibiae darkened above.
Neuration yellow. Abdomen bright metallic green at the base, behind this mostly
metallic green or blue, and duller, the tip and the pleura coppery. Ovipositor yellow,
black at base, short, about half as long as the hind tarsi. Length $ 3'5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kau, about 2000 ft.

(36) Eupelmus aporostickus, sp. nov.

Head above green, rugulose, facial impression green, dull and rugulosely
shagreened, wide, the sides of face adjoining it golden ; antennae of the usual form,
palpi dark, eyes apparently glabrous. Mesonotum fine metallic green, less dark than
that of the facial impression, the parapsides reddish golden. Front and hind coxae
dark and metallic, the middle ones dark brown and metallic beneath, rest of le<ys
yellow, the front tibiae a little darkened and metallic above. Abdomen brilliantly
green at the base, behind this metallic green-black, the tip green above, coppery in
apical view, pleura coppery. Neuration yellow. Ovipositor black at base, the rest
yellowish brown and more or less subinfuscate apically, as long as the three basal joints
of the hind tarsi. Length % 3 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu mountains, on Pipturus, July 1900, no. 786.

HYMENOPTERA 649

{^^) Eupchims eustichus, sp. nov.

Head green or golden and green, the surface rugulose, with shallow punctures in
front near the eye margins, the facial impression densely rugulosely shagreened, and
sometimes with a slight median raised line, dull and wide ; the antennae of the usual
form, palpi dark, eyes glabrous or nearly so. Mesonotum green or golden green, the
parapsides coppery or reddish coppery; front and hind coxae dark and metallic, front
tibiae with dark metallic line above, as also the middle tibiae, front tarsi more or less
brownish or lightly infuscate above, rest of the legs mostly yellow or brownish yellow.
Neuration yellow. Abdomen brightly metallic green or blue at the extreme base,
behind this mostly metallic blue-black or green-black, tip of abdomen in apical view
coppery red, pleura coppery. Ovipositor black at base, the rest yellowish or reddish,
rather shorter than the hind tarsi, or about equal to the basal four joints. Length %
3-25—4 mm.

Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu, 1500 ft. or more.

(38) Etipelnius pelodes, sp. nov.

Head above more or less green, in front with reddish reflections, the surface quite
rough, with fine wrinkles or shagreening and wrinkles together, the facial impression
sordidly metallic, dull, densely rugulosely shagreened, sides of the face adjoining
golden or coppery red ; antennae of the usual form, palpi dark, eyes with very few
hairs. Mesonotum very dull, and densely shagreened, clothed with pale hairs, of green
and dull golden colour, the parapsides dull reddish golden or coppery. Neuration
yellow. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, rest of legs mostly yellow or
brownish yellow, front tibiae with a metallic dark line above, the middle one slightly
embrowned above between the pale base and apex, apical two joints of posterior tarsi
dark brown or blackish. Abdomen brilliant green at the base, behind this dull bluish
black, not metallic, tip of abdomen in apical view bright coppery, pleura uniformly
copper-coloured. Ovipositor yellow, black at the base, about equal in length to the
hind tarsi. Length % 4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(39) Enpelnins hemixantluis, sp. nov.
Head above of a dull metallic colour, its surface densely finely shagreened and
very dull, clothed with white hairs, the facial impression very shallow, with dull golden
and green metallic tints, very densely shagreened all over and the surface quite dull ;
eyes considerably hairy, antennae of the usual form, the palpi dark ; scape of antennae
yellow on the basal half or more. Mesonotum very densely shagreened and dull,
metallic dull golden and green, the parapsides redder, clothed conspicuously with white
hairs. Neuration yellow. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, the front and

650 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

middle tibiae with a dark metallic line above, the hind tibiae brownish except at the
base and apically, rest of the legs yellow, including the tarsi, yellow, except more or
less of the apices of these. Abdomen brilliantly metallic green at the base and reddish
coppery at the tip, between mostly blackish ; pleura unusually dull with dense surface
sculpture, and conspicuously clothed with white hairs, coppery; ovipositor yellow, black
at base and more or less darkened at the apex, about as long as the three basal jomts
of the hind tarsi. Length % about 3 mm.
Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

(40) Eupelmus pauroxanthus, sp. nov.

Head above green and golden, the surface rugulose, dull or very little shining, the
facial impression, mostly dull metallic coppery, wide, very densely finely shagreened,
dull ; antennae of ordinary form, the scape pale brown or yellowish for a short distance
at the base, then becoming darker and metallic brown ; palpi dark, eyes sparsely and
inconspicuously hairy. Mesonotum green with golden tints, dull, densely shagreened,
the parapsides also for the most part green. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic,
rest of legs yellow, the posterior femora outwardly slightly metallic, but not darkened,
the posterior tarsi, except the white basal joint, lightly infuscate above. Abdomen
brightly metallic green at the base, behind this the segments are brightly metallic
basally, dull blackish apically, the pleura of the segments fiery metallic basally, dark
apically ; ovipositor yellow, black at base, about as long as the first four or five tarsal
joints. Length $ about 2 '5 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, 200 ft., July 1900, no. 769.

(41) Eupdnuis leiuothrix, sp. nov.
Head above green, finely and extremely densely shagreened, very dull ; facial
impression wide, shallow, very dull and densely shagreened, green and golden ; antennae
of the usual form, the scape yellow at the base, the rest mostly black and metallic ;
palpi dark ; eyes considerably and noticeably hairy. Mesonotum dull golden, or
green and golden, very densely shagreened, parapsides viewed from the sides more
reddish. Front and hind coxae dark and metallic, front tibiae dark and brightly
metallic above, the tarsi subinfuscate above ; middle tibiae dark brown above except at
the base and apex ; hind femora with a darkened and brightly metallic area outwardly,
the tibiae dark above except at base and apex, the basal tarsal joint white, the apical
ones dark above ; the general colour of the legs is brownish yellow. Neuration yellow.
Abdomen bright metallic green at base, behind this blackish, the tip in apical view fiery
copper-coloured, the pleura dull with dense surface sculpture, clothed with white
appressed hairs, coppery ; ovipositor yellow, black at base, and more or less dark at the
apex, shorter than the hind tarsi. Length % 2 — 3 mm.
Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

HYMENOP TERA 65 1

(42) Etipclmns paraleticothrix, sp. nov.

Head above more or less golden, densely minutely shagreened and dull, facial
impression wide, not deep, very densely shagreened and dull, of rather dark metallic
colour, antennae of the usual form, the scape yellow for a short distance at the base, the
rest dark and metallic, eyes considerably hairy, palpi dark. Mesonotum very densely
shagreened and clothed conspicuously with white hairs, deep or reddish golden behind
and still more red on the parapsides, in front greenish golden, pleura with hardly any
green tint. Legs nearly as in P. leucotkrix, all the tibiae with a dark line or darkened
above, the front and hind ones conspicuously metallic on the dark line. Abdomen
brilliant metallic at the base, and the tip, in apical view, reddish coppery, between
for the most part dull bluish black, pleura coppery ; ovipositor yellow, black at base,
as long as the first two or three joints of the hind tarsi. Length ? 3"5 mm.

Hab, Hawaii, Kilauea.

(43) Etipehnus basileius, sp. nov.

Head above green punctate and more or less rugulose, facial impression deep,
in some aspects nearly smooth at the bottom, black ; antennae short and stout, the
several basal joints of the funicle not elongate, but short ; palpi dark, eyes apparently
glabrous. Mesonotum green or blue-green, e.xtremely finely shagreened, somewhat
shining, the parapsidal portion purple. Front and hind legs dark and metallic green,
tip of the front tibiae and the tarsi mostly pale ; knee joints, and apical part of tibiae
of hind legs yellow. Middle femora black and submetallic, also the tibiae except
narrowly at the base and widely at the apex, which parts are yellow. Abdomen
conspicuously metallic blue, brightly green at the base, pleura green ; ovipositor black,
as long or nearly as long as the hind tarsi. Length % 2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Tantalus and elsewhere, 500 — 1500 ft.

(44) Eupelmus xanthotarsus, sp. nov.

Like E. basileius with short thick antennae, the head green, punctate or shagreened
and with black face.

Mesonotum entirely green, densely and evenly and more strongly shagreened and
duller. Legs very similarly coloured, but the middle tibiae are less dark above, though
embrowned, except at the base and apex. The hind tarsi yellow. Ovipositor black
above, more or less yellowish tinged at the sides. Length % 2'\ mm.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

F. H. II. 84

652 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(45) Eupelmus melaiiotarstts, sp. nov.

Very like E. xanthotarsus, but with the head above much less dull.

Mesonotum densely and rather strongly shagreened, legs much as in the two
preceding species, but the front and hind tarsi are black or dark fuscous above. The
middle femora and tibiae are black or very dark, except at the extreme base and at the
tips. Abdomen blue or green with fine purple reflections. Ovipositor black or
blackish, more or less pale at the extrem.e tip, as long as the hind tarsi or nearly.
Length $ 2'5 mm.

Hab. Oahu near Honolulu, about 1500 ft.

(46) Etipeimus dysoplias, sp. nov.

Head above punctate or shagreened, blackish with metallic reflections, green or
brassy, facial impression deep and narrow, finely shagreened, dull, with greenish tint at
the bottom ; antennae slender basally, the first two or three funicle joints being quite
elongate ; palpi dark, eyes collapsed, probably glabrous or nearly. Thorax blackish,
but with brassy or golden reflections quite distinct. Front and hind coxae black, and
somewhat metallic ; front femora and tibiae and the last four tarsal joints blackish
or dark fuscous, the knee joint, apex of tibiae and basal tarsal joint yellow or pale.
Middle legs yellow ; hind legs with the femora and tibiae black, the latter widely yellow
at the apex, the knee joint brownish, the basal joint of the tarsus yellow, the following
joints infuscate above. Neuration mostly fuscous. Abdomen bright green at the base,
the rest blackish and very little metallic, pleura black ; ovipositor hardly exserted behind
the abdomen, the tip somewhat pale. Length ? 2'25 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; not much above sea level, under 100 ft.

Subfam. MIRINAE.

Anagyrus How.

(i) Anagyrus major, sp. nov.

Head reddish or yellowish brown, scape and pedicel of the antennae blackish or
fuscous, the former being more or less yellow at the sides, five first funicle joints yellow,
the sixth and the club black or dark fuscous. Thorax sordid fuscous above, more or
less reddish-tinged, prothorax whitish, sides and ventral surface of thorax yellow.
Abdomen dark fuscous at the base, the rest sordid yellowish or brown ; legs yellow or
brownish yellow, the hind tibiae and femora at least more or less sordid, the colour of
the legs apparently rather variable ; front tarsi dark. Marginal vein dark fuscous, the
stigmal vein paler, and with an ill defined small infuscation about it.

Head with a dense shagreening or close fine sculpture, pubescent, a rounded ridge
between the antennae, the ocelli in a triangle, the outer ones well separated from the

HYMENOPTERA 653

margins of the eyes, the latter hairy. Scape of antennae somewhat dilated on the
apical part beneath, pedicel obconical, elongate, considerably longer than the first joint
of the funicle, the latter not differing much in length, the apical ones appearing some-
what shorter than the basal, club with three subequal joints and about as long as the
three preceding joints together. Thorax densely sculptured, the sculpture, which
appears to be a close shagreening, more or less concealed by the conspicuous clothing
of short white pubescence. Marginal vein subpunctiform, postmarginal very little
developed, stigmal shortish. Hairless, oblique line very distinct, rest of wing closely
and regularly set with hairs. Length 1-5 mm. Ovipositor very little prominent.
Female.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(2) Anagyrus xanthogaster, sp. nov.

Very litce the preceding, but in its typical form smaller, the antennae shorter and
very differently coloured, the general appearance being sordid yellowish, the apical
joints darker, but without the strongly contrasted coloration of A. major. The abdomen
yellow above.

On Oahu I have found a larger form, not apparently differing in structure from the
above, the mesonotum is reddish brown, the face nearly entirely pale yellow.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea ; Oahu, on the coast.

(3) Atiagyrus nigricans, sp. nov.

Black, the legs yellow, the hind femora and tibiae slightly clouded. Wings hyaline
but not quite clear.

Head dull, with fine feeble and not dense puncturation ; antennae pale-tinted, not
quite black, with the scape subdilated beneath, the pedicel obconical about as long as
the first funiclar joint, which is much longer than wide, the following joints not differing
much in length, all being more or less elongate, the club longer than the two preceding
together. Mesonotum and scutellum slightly shining, very finely, remotely punctured.
Abdomen triangular, acute at ape.x, deeply concave in dry specimens, and more or
less pallid in the concavity. Neuration etc. as in the preceding. Length rather more
than I mm. Female.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

(4) Anagyrus fraternus, sp. nov.

Very similar to A. nigricans, but the scape of the antennae is very little dilated,
though somewhat thickened towards the apex, and the thoracic puncturation is rather
more distinct and the punctures more numerous on the scutellum. The hind femora

84—2

654 FAUX A HAWAIIEXSIS

are black or pitchy black, but the tibiae brightly yellow. The pedicel and the elongate
funidar joints are all subequal and the club is longer than the two preceding joints,
the antennal joints not differing much in their proportional length from those ot
A. nigricans.

\\'hat I take to be the male of this species has the antennae longer, and set with
longish hairs, the thorax duller and more distinctly punctate, the pedicel shorter than
the first funicle joint, the club about as long as the two preceding joints together. It is
of a less black colour, more inclining to pitchy, especially at the sides of the thorax, and
the legs are for the most part infuscate. or dirt)- yellow. The species appears to be
rather larger than A. nigi^ans.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(5) Anagynis laeviceps, sp. nov.

Ver\" similar to A. fratemus and A. nigricans. The head in front is nearly
smooth and the remote punctures are extremely faint : the mesonotum is very finely,
evenly punctured, but not closely, the scutellum faintly and a good deal more sparsely.
The antennae are slender with elongate funicle joints, the scape widened apically, but
without a conspicuous dilatation, the proportional length of the funicle joints and
pedicel much as in the above species, or subequal. Wings dusky h\-aline, legs black or
dark pitchy, hind tibiae with a paler spot at the base, and darker than the tarsi.
Length i-5 mm. Female.

In the specimen described the sheath of the ovipositor is suberect or bent back-
wards, and in side view appears as a pointed blade-like process. Probably it is usually
closed down on the h\-popygium.

Hab, Oahu : near Honolulu, 2000 ft.

(6) Anag^rns tantaUus, sp. nov.

Black, the posterior part of the thorax and the abdomen above within the concavit)-
obscure or pitchy brown. Antennae black, the pedicel reddish at the apex. Legs for
the most part yellow, the hind coxae dark, the hind femora infuscate especially on their
outer surface. Wings lightly infuscate or yellowish-tinged. \'er)- similar to the several
preceding species.

Front ot the head above the antennae evenly and distinctly punctured, dull : scape
ot antennae rounded on the lower side so as to be slightly thickened or dilated, pedicel
obconical, rather longer than the first funicle joint, which is subelongate, as are the
following and subequal. Mesonotum rather more finely punctured than the head.
the scutellum still more finely. Abdomen distincdy longer than the head and thorax
together. Length about 2 mm. Female.

Hab. Oahu ; mount Tantalus.

HYMEXOPTERA 655

Blepvrus Howard.

(i) Blepyrus marsdeni How.

Blepynis ynarsdeni Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. (1898), p. 234.

This is a very abundant species throughout the islands and I do not feel certain
that it is not synonymous with Eiicyrhis nisnlarts Cam. described on a single $. It
would appear that if B. insularis is distinct from the above, it must now have become
extinct, for it was found by Blackburn on several islands and, being no doubt a parasite
of scale insects, could hardly have failed to have been bred by myself, Koebele or
others, if it still existed.

MiCROTERYs Thom.

(i) Alicroterys flavus Howard.
Hab. Common throughout the islands, on introduced scale-insects.

Aphidenxvrtus Ashm,
( I ) Aphidencyrhis ? sp. ?
Hab. Oahu ; a common parasite of some imported Aphides.

Helegonatopus Perk.
( I ) Helegonatopus, sp. .'*
Hab. Oahu ; parasitic on Eclithrodelphax and other Dryinidae.
Obs. Several other minute and obscure Mirine Encyrtids, all no doubt imported,
have been collected, but not yet determined.

Fam. PTEROMALIDAE.

It is almost certain that this vast family is unrepresented in the islands by endemic
forms, excepting possibly by a few species of the subf Spalangiinae. Several introduced
species have been found and, as some of them are spreading, they will no doubt become
ubiquitous. Species of the genus Pteronialus have been imported for economic reasons.
Most conspicuous of the Pteromalidae, that are foreign, are two or three species
belonging to the subf Sphegigasterinae.

Subfam. SPHEGIGASTERINAE.
Tomocera How.

(i) Tomocera ceroplastis Perk.
Tomocera ceroplastis Perk., Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 76.
Hab. Oahu ; introduced.

656 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Pachyneuron Walk.
Pachyneuron spp.
Two or more species of this or allied genera are parasitic on species known to be
of foreign origin.
Hab. Oahu.

Subfam. SPALANGIINAE.

Spalangia Latr.
( I ) Spalangia canieroni, sp. nov.

Female : Aeneous black, the abdomen deep black or blue-black, the tarsi yellow,
dark at the tips. Head elongate, coarsely punctate, the punctures well separated from
one another, the eyes with erect white hairs, longer than is usual on these organs.
There is an elongate smooth median space at the bottom of the depression above the
insertion of the antennae. Antennae with the second joint or pedicel elongate, very
much longer than, but hardly twice as long as the first joint of the funicle, four terminal
joints of the funicle quadrate, club nearly as long as the three preceding joints.
Pronotum very densely rugose-punctate in front and at the sides between which is
a smooth, more or less triangular, area, with at most a few punctures, this area bounded
behind by a transverse costate line, the apical margin behind the line smooth.
Mesonotum with a smooth median line, and a densely punctate area on each side of
this ; the parapsides marked out by a costate or punctate furrow, the scapulae bearing
some fine punctures ; axillae smooth and shining, like the scutellum, and separated
from this by costate lines and both impunctate or nearly, the scutellum having a trans-
verse costate line in front of the hind margin and the suture between it and the
postscutellum is costate. Propodeum very smooth and shining, with a median narrow
costate channel, divided by a longitudinal raised line, and punctate around its margins ;
the pleura marked off by a costate suture, very densely and finely punctured below, but
smoother near the suture. Wings clear hyaline, neuration brownish. Abdominal
pedicel with about half a dozen raised longitudinal lines, the other segments very smooth,
the fourth the largest, the third emarginate posteriorly, the apical ones with pale hairs.
Length about 3 mm.

Male very like the female, but the head is shorter, the pedicel of the antennae is
minute, hardly longer than wide, much shorter than the first funicle joint, which is much
longer than the following ; the other funicle joints longer than in the female, being
longer than wide. Length 3 mm. but much smaller examples occur. This is probably
the species referred to 5". hirta by Cameron.

Distinguished at once from 5. Iiirta Hal. by the long second antennal joint in the
female.

Hab. Oahu, Hawaii, Molokai and no doubt all the islands.

HYMENOPTERA 657

(2) Spalangia simplex, sp. nov.

Black, the head usually with slightly greenish tinge, the thorax more brassy and the
fourth segment of the abdomen also slightly metallic, the post-petiolar one deep black.
Tarsi yellowish or testaceous, apex of tibiae, the knee joints and the trochanters (more
or less) also pale, reddish or testaceous. Front of head smooth and shining, with
at most a few feeble punctures, but with a distinct fine medio-frontal crenate or punctate
line reaching the anterior ocellus. Antennae of the female with the funicle joints short,
increasing in width towards the club, and being mostly transverse, pedicel elongate,
about as long as the two first funicle joints together, club as long or rather longer than
the three last joints of the funicle. In the male the antennae are more elongate, the
funicle joints all much longer than wide, the first much the longest, three times as long
as wide, nearly as long as the next two together, the pedicel very small, hardly half the
length of the first funicle joint, club about as long as the two preceding joints.

Pronotum smooth and shining, but closely punctate on the neck and with a trans-
verse curved crenate line near the hind margin ; mesonotum with a similar submedian
transverse crenate line and with one or two pits behind it on the mediodorsal line.
Axillae marked off posteriorly by strong crenate lines, a less distinct one between
scutellum and postscutellum ; a distinct transverse crenate line on the former behind the
middle ; propodeum acutely spined on each side, with a median longitudinal double
crenate line and with crenate margins enclosing two large smooth spaces, the pleura
roughly sculptured. Mesonotum and scutellum smooth and shining except as above
noted. Wings clear, neuration brown. Pedicel of the abdomen with numerous fine
longitudinal raised lines, twice as long as wide in the J, but a good deal shorter in the
female, rest of abdomen smooth and polished. Length r^ — 2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Fam. EULOPHIDAE.

To this enormously large and difficult family belong a considerable number of
endemic Chalcids. The specimens preserve very badly in the tropics and, a few hours
after death, distort and shrivel in such a manner as to preclude any proper description
from being made, unless they are preserved in a special manner. They are best
described when freshly killed. Though I have collected a considerable amount of
material, I do not think it worth while to describe any new forms, until still more
comprehensive and better preserved material is available. Many species of Aphelininae
and some species of other subfamilies have been introduced for economic purposes,
many also accidentally. To the species described by Ashmead in Vol. i. of this work
two species only need be added here.

658 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Paraphelinus Perk,
(i) Paraphelinus xiphidii Perk.
Paraphelinus xiphidii Perk., Bull. H. S. P. A. Exp. Station i. p. 264.
Hab. Oahu, Maui, Kauai and probably all the islands.

Melittobia Westw.
(i) Melittobia hawaiiensis P.
Melittobia hawaiiensis Perkins, Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. i. p. 124.
Hab. Hawaii, Oahu ; Oahu, Honolulu ; Hawaii, Kilauea and no doubt throughout
the islands.

Fam. TRICHOGRAMMIDAE.
There are several species of this family known in the islands, but it is doubtful
whether there are any endemic forms. Those here described are almost certainly all
foreign. Several other species are known to me, e.g. a species commonly parasitic in
the eggs of the introduced Locustid Eliniaea appcndiculata, and one parasitic in the
eggs of the Chrysopine genus Anomalochrysa. All the species invariably shrivel up
and collapse within a few hours after death, if not placed in fluid, and are best described,
when freshly killed. The genus Westwoodella belongs to the subfamily Oligositinae, all
the other known Hawaiian Trichogrammids (including those undescribed) belong to the
Trichogramminae. I have described two species under the genus Pentarthron, but this
appears to me to be synonymous with West wood's genus Trichogramma. P.flavJtm is
perhaps identical with Trichogramma pretiosa.

Westwoodella Ashm.

(i) Westwoodella hilaris, sp. nov.

Head and thorax orange-red or brownish red, varying in tint in dried specimens,
abdomen black, with a basal yellowish or reddish, wide ring, sides of thorax posteriorly
dark, antennae sordid, darker in parts ; front legs sordid, hind legs with the femora
dark, the tibiae and tarsi pale, tips of all the tarsi black or dark fuscous.

Pedicel, funicle and club of antenna
of Westwoodella hilaris 9 .

Head transverse, collapsed in dry specimens, eyes pilose ; scape of antennae
stoutish, narrowed apically, pedicel obconical, longer than thick, funicle joint rather like
the pedicel, but considerably less thick and a little shorter, club long pointed, of three
subequal elongate joints ; with the ring joint the antennae are seven-jointed.

HYMENOPTERA 659

Wings pedicellate, narrow, and with a long fringe, hyaline with a fuscous shade
where the wing widens after the pedicel and another distinct blotch about the stigmal
vein. Marginal vein as long as the submarginal, stout, bearing about six long bristles,
the submarginal with one bristle near its middle, stigmal vein short, thick. Mesothorax
with a few black bristles, scutellum with one on each side about its middle. Abdomen
in dried specimens concave above, narrow and elongate, as long as head and thorax
together. Length "5 mm. Female.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; amongst foreign grasses.

Pentarthron Ril.
(i) Pentarthron semifumatum, sp. nov.

Black, the thorax at the sides and posteriorly more or less pitchy or obscurely
reddish, head red, collapsing- in dried specimens, antennae sordid yellowish. Legs with
the femora black or blackish, the tibiae and tarsi yellow, but the hind tibiae at least are
sometimes black on their basal half. Wings with a smoky cloud on the front pair from
their base to the region of the stigmal vein, and occupying all the basal part of the wing.

Antenna Pentarthron semifumatum $ .

Antennae with five distinct joints and apparently a very minute ring joint, the scape
long, the pedicel ovate, longer than the two funicle joints together and much wider, first
funicle joint in some aspects appearing much wider than the second, club rather longer
than pedicel and funicle together and without perceptible segmentation. Thorax and
abdomen more or less shining in some aspects, the mesonotum under the microscope
with a sculpture of very delicate reticulate lines. Abdomen just about as long as the
head and thorax together, the ovipositor very little exserted.

The truly marginal portion of the neuration of the front wings, i.e. the true
marginal vein, is very short and bears a long bristle, there is another a little before this
on the submarginal and one a little after it at the base of the stigmal, the three veins
appearing as a continuous curve. There are many hair lines, some of which, about six
or eight, stand out more distinctly than the others, owing to a considerable space on
each side of them being hairless. Between these are many less distinctly separated
hair lines. Length '5 mm. Female.

Hab. Hawaii, Oahu, and probably all the islands, since it occurs both in the town
of Honolulu and in the mountains of Hawaii above 4000 ft.

F. H. II. 8s

66o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Pentarthron flavtim, sp. nov.

Female, entirely flavous, the head in life probably still paler, the eyes and ocelli
red, lateral ocelli near the eye-margins.

Antennae six-jointed with a ring joint, the club solid, and equal in length to
the pedicel ring joint and funicle together, the two funicle joints in some aspects appear
not very different from one another, the scape with its basal pedicel is a good deal
longer than the pedicel and funicle joints together. The mesonotum has a bristle

Pentarthron Jlavum ? .
Antenna in two rather different aspects.

in front on each side, and another near the posterior angles, the scutellum one on each
side near the posterior margin. The axillae encroach greatly on the parapsides of the
mesonotum, so that the latter are subsecuriform, being dilated in front and sublinear
posteriorly. Abdomen equal in length to the head and thorax together, the ovipositor
not, or hardly, exserted.

Wings hyaline about 7 or 9 more prominent hair lines, between which are
a number of others closer together, or more confused, or incomplete. Length % -8 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Fam. MYMARIDAE.

The Mymarids are a very distinct group of Hymenoptera, to be ranked as
a superfamily more distinct from any one other than, for instance, is the superfamily
Apoidea from the Sphecoidea. They show affinities with the Proctotrupoidea,
especially with the Diapriidae, and also with the parasitic Cynipoidea. Of the Chalcid
series they appear more nearly related to some Eulophidae and Trichogrammidae, but
the affinity is very remote.

The endemic Hawaiian species are probably confined to the genus Polynema, but
some species introduced either casually, or purposely for economic reasons, are also
present, and now more numerous individually than the native forms. I have not
thought it advisable at present to describe specimens from the intermediate islands,
which may represent mere varieties of those occurring on Hawaii and Oahu. Con-
sidering the difficulty of differentiating species from the different islands in the case of
larger insects, it may naturally be expected that in minute parasitic Hymenoptera these
difficulties will reach a climax. Various species, of which only one sex is known,
I have also left undescribed at present.

HYMEN OP TERA 66 1

Subfam. GONATOCERINAE.
Alaptus Hal.

(i) Alaptus immattiiiis P.
Alaptus immattirus Perk., Bull. H. S. P. A. Exp. Station i. p. 197.
Hab. Oahu and probably all the islands ; bred from eggs of Psocidae.

Leim.\cis Forst.

(i) Leitnacis peregrina, sp. nov.

Dark, blackish fuscous, more or less yellowish or tinged with yellow, especially
along the sutures, the legs pale yellow, but in parts a little smoky, antennae smoky
blackish, the scape and pedicel, more fuscous or yellow tinged in lateral view. Front
wings hyaline except round the margin, and the marginal vein is dark.

Antennae 8-jointed, the scape and club nearly equal, the pedicel large, obconical,
about as long as the two following joints together, first funicle joint stouter and shorter
than the second, which is more slender than the third, these two being nearly equal in
length, fourth and fifth wider than the third, but not differing much from it in length,
club almost as long as the whole of the funicle joints together. Thorax and abdomen
nearly of equal length, the former truncate posteriorly, on the head and thorax a very
few fine bristles are noticeable. Front wings spatulate, the longest cilia four or five
times as long as the greatest width of the wing, the disc with a line of only three or
four hairs, marginal vein long. Length '25 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu.

Subfam. MYMARfNAE.

POLYNEMA Hal.

(i) Polynema gigas, sp. nov.

Black, the front legs yellow or brownish yellow, the middle and hind legs brown or
partly yellowish brown, their tibiae and tarsi blackish ; abdominal petiole for the most
part dark brown ; pedicel of the antennae yellowish at the sides, scape laterally pitchy
or brown.

Antennae of male long and filiform, the pedicel compressed, ovate, the first funicle
joint decidedly shorter than the second, which is about six times as long as wide ; first
funicle joint in the female short, barely one-half the length of the very long second joint,
the three terminal ones elongate and not very unequal, the fifth joint being about four
times as long as wide. Mesonotum with delicate rugulose or reticulate surface sculpture,
propodeum with smooth and shining surface. Abdominal petiole narrowing to the

85—2

662 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

apex, its upper side curved, wlien seen in profile ; ovipositor exserted to about the length
of the claw joint of the hind tarsus. Wings with dark, ovate, punctiform marginal
vein ; the longest cilia hardly half as long as the greatest width of the front wing.
Length i"5 — 2 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, 4000 ft. ; bred from shoots of Myrsine bored by the caterpillar of
a very large species of Archips (Tortricidae), but I cannot conjecture the true host of
this parasite.

(2) Polynema ten-estris, sp. nov.

Black, two basal antennal joints and all the legs yellow ; abdominal petiole yellow
or brownish yellow or in the Z partly dark brown, third antennal joint in the % more or
less pale.

Antennae of $ very long and filiform, one and a half times as long as the whole
insect, the joints of the funicle elongate and about equal, the third being five times (or
more) as long as wide. First funicle joint in % hardly half as long as the second, which
is considerably longer than the third, the fourth, fifth and sixth subequal, the last about
three times as long as its greatest width, club rather longer than the two preceding.
Sculpture of the thorax, which is somewhat shining, of the usual kind, but hardly
visible under the strongest lenses ; front wings with dark, punctiform marginal vein, the
longest cilia hardly half as long as the greatest width of the wing. Ovipositor of %
very slightly exserted. Length r5 — 175 mm.

Hab. Oahu, 1500 ft. and upwards.

(3) Polynema pyrophila, sp. nov.

Black, the second joint of the antennae beneath paler, more or less yellowish
or brown, in the <? sometimes obscurely pitchy ; coxae and trochanters generally more
or less brownish, tips of femora, except sometimes the hind ones, distinctly pale.

Antennae of i with the pedicel roundish in lateral aspect, the first funicle joint
rather shorter than the second, the following joints subequal and more than three times
as long as wide. Antennae of ? very slender, the long ovate club rather longer than
the two preceding joints together, the pedicel dilated, the first funicle joint hardly half
as long as the second, which is about one and one-fifth longer than the third. Pronotum
short, mesonotum hardly shining, with excessively fine reticulate surface sculpture,
visible only under a very strong lens, the parapsidal furrows very distinct, the scutellum
elongate and large, divided by a fine transverse line about the middle ; the propodeum
and abdomen smooth and polished. Second abdominal segment much narrowed from
the apex forwards to its junction with the petiole. Ovipositor prominent, as lono-

HYMENOPTERA 663

as the second joint of the hind tarsus. Wings evenly hairy, the marginal vein thick,
punctiform, the longest cilia of the front wing only about half the greatest width of
this. Length 1-3 — 1-4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; 4000 ft.

(4) Polynema scrutator, sp. nov.

Male black, the abdominal pedicel and all the legs yellowish or brownish yellow,
the pedicel sometimes somewhat darkened ; all the tibiae, the middle and hind femora
and sometimes also the front ones brown or dark brownish, claw joint of tarsi dark.
Antennae with the pedicel yellow laterally, the scape sometimes brown or piceous at the
sides.

Antennae long and filiform, the joints of the funicle subequal, the third about three
times as long as its greatest width, the pedicel compressed, dilated, being very strongly
rounded beneath, first funicle joint a little shorter than the second. Thorax with
distinct microscopic rugulosity under strong magnification, the abdomen smooth, shining,
with the pedicel much narrowed from base to apex. Front wings with the marginal
vein ovate, subpunctiform, dark, the longest cilia much shorter than the greatest width
of the wing, or only about half as long. Length i mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu. Though I have on various occasions found this species
in the town of Honolulu, I have never at any time taken a female of the males
described above. Males and females of P. reduvioli occur with it, in some localities.

(5) Polynema rubriventris, sp. nov.

Female black, the abdomen ferruginous, sometimes partly dark or infuscate ;
the legs, except the apical tarsal joints, entirely yellow, as also the two basal and some-
times the third antennal joint ; the club and three preceding funicle joints black, while
the more basal funicle joints are mostly more or less sordidly yellowish or brown.

Antennae slender, the pedicel compressed, obconic, the first funicle joint half as
long as the very slender and elongate third, the three apical joints of the funicle
subequal, slender, three or four times as long as wide, the club as long as the two
preceding joints. Thorax hardly shining, the minute surface sculpture or rugulosity
distinct, the impresso-punctate transverse line on the scutellum about two-thirds the
length of the latter from its front margin. Abdomen smooth and shining, the ovipositor
distinctly subexserted. Marginal view of front wings subovate, the longest cilia not
half as long as the greatest width of the wing. Length f6 — 175 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 ft. and upwards.

664 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Polynema tantalea, sp. nov.

Male ferruginous, the head and the abdomen, except its base and the petiole, and
the apical joints of the tarsi black ; middle and hind tibiae blackish and their tarsi more
or less infuscate. Antennae black, the two basal joints clear yellow. Legs, except as
noted above, yellow.

Antennae very long and slender filiform, much longer than the whole insect, the
first funicle joint considerably shorter than the second, the several following this not
differing much in length, the third being about five times as long as its greatest width,
whilst several of the apical joints are noticeably shorter than these basal ones. Thorax
dull, with very fine surface sculpture, the transverse line near the hind margin of the
scutellum distinct. Abdomen smooth and shining. Front wings evenly pubescent,
marginal vein punctiform, dark, the submarginal yellow, longest cilia not half as long as
the greatest width of the wing. Length r25 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 — 2000 ft.

(7) Polynema oahuensis, sp. nov.

Ferruginous or yellowish brown, the head black, but the occipital region and
the face below the antennae is concolorous with the rest of the body ; apical joint
of the tarsi black, as well as the club and the three preceding antennal joints.

Antennae of the ? with the first funicle joint quite short, not half as long as
the very long second joint, the pedicel obconic, the club as long as the two preceding
joints together. Thorax hardly at all shining, the surface sculpture very fine ; transverse
impressed line near the hind margin of the scutellum distinct ; abdomen smooth and
shining, the ovipositor distinctly subexserted, black. Wings evenly pubescent, marginal
vein punctiform, dark ; longest cilia of front wings, not more than half the length
of the greatest width of the wing. Length $ r5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; 1 500 — 2000 ft.

(8) Polynema Iriscia, sp. nov.

Ferruginous, a transverse line across the head in front, the apical joints of the
middle and hind tarsi, and the apical part of the abdomen, black or dark-coloured. The
hind tibiae infuscate on their apical portion. Basal two joints of antennae clear yellow,
the third yellowish but infuscate, the following shows more or less of a yellow tinge,
while most of the flagellum is black.

Antennae of male very long, decidedly longer than the whole insect, filiform,
attenuate apically, scape short, wide in lateral aspect, pedicel very short, ovate or
subrotundate, first flagellar joint elongate, three times as long as its greatest width and
just about equal to the second, the latter and the following joints being all nearly equal
in length, and all fluted on their flattened sides. Mesonotum and scutellum dull, with

HYMENOPTERA 665

the usual minute sculpture (reticulated under a compound microscope) distinct ;
propodeum smooth and shining. Wings with the neuration fuscous, the marginal vein
of the front wings subovate, beneath which is a fuscous fascia, a second fascia near the
middle of the wing, while a third occupies the apical part of the wing and is broader
than the clear space between itself and the middle fascia ; cilia short, the longest
not half the length of the greatest width of the wing. Abdomen shining. Length ^
(abdomen somewhat contracted) i"5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Koolau range, 1500 ft.

(9) Polynema apicalis, sp. nov.

Ferruginous, the antennae except the two basal joints, which are more or less
yellow or brown, black ; the middle tibiae are noticeably darkened, the hind ones,
except basally, nearly black ; the hind femora are also dark on the apical portion ; and
the apical joint of all the tarsi is black. Wings hyaline, but widely black on the apical
portion. Vertex of head with a transverse black line in front.

Antennae with the pedicel subtriangular or obconic, the first funicle joint very short,
about equal to the pedicel but much more slender, the second very long, more than
twice as long as the preceding, and also much longer than the third ; fourth, fifth and
sixth not differing much in length and shorter than the third, club ellipsoidal, somewhat
shorter than the three preceding joints together. Thorax not shining, appearing
densely minutely punctate, from the microscopic reticulation of the surface. Marginal
vein dark, elongate-ovate, the longest cilia of front wings not equal in length to half the
greatest width of the wing. Abdomen smooth and shining, the ovipositor very slightly
exserted. Length i"6 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu mountains, about 2000 ft.

(10) Polynetna perforator, sp. nov.

Yellow or brownish yellow, the head, abdomen except the pedicel, and the claw
joints of all the tarsi black. Antennae with the three basal joints in the ^, and two in
the $, yellow ; the following joints more or less infuscate, the club fuscous or blackish.

Antennae in the t long and filiform, the pedicel compressed and dilated, strongly
rounded beneath, the first funicle joint rather shorter than the second ; in the % the first
funicle joint much shorter than the next, not two-thirds of its length, the club large and
as long as the three preceding joints together. Thorax sculptured as in the other
species, the abdomen smooth and shining. Ovipositor as long or rather longer than the
claw joint of the hind tarsi. Front wings with marginal vein subpunctiform, dark-
coloured, ovate, the longest cilia hardly half as long as the greatest width of the wing.
Length 75 — V2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, in the mountains.

666 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(ii) Polynema ciliata, sp. nov.

Black, the two basal joints of the antennae, the pedicel of the abdomen, and
all the legs, pale yellow, the pulvillus of all the tarsi dark.

Head smooth and shining, the pedicel of the antennae strongly compressed,
obconical, or ovate, as long or a little longer than the slender first joint of the funicle,
the latter about half the length of the very elongate second joint, the third rather
shorter than the second, the three following joints on their wide surface much wider
than the preceding joints, the two first of these being subequal, the last conspicuously
more elongate, the club just about equal to the three preceding joints together. The
club and funicle joints are blackish or smoky, the basal funicle joints sometimes showing
a yellowish tinge ; the scape and pedicel are almost entirely yellow, the upper edge
of the former and the tip of the latter being darkened. Mesonotum shining, hardly or
not visibly sculptured under a strong lens, the propodeum quite smooth and shining.
Abdomen smooth and polished, the ovipositor very slightly exserted. Front wings
hyaline basally to considerably beyond the marginal vein, the rest appearing darker,
with even clothing of black hairs, marginal vein short more or less pale, longest cilia as
long as the greatest width of the wing, or rather longer. Length $ hardly i mm. when
fully extended.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 ft. ; parasitic in the eggs of a small Delphacid.

(12) Polynema jassidaruni, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae black or fuscous in the male, the second joint is always
noticeably yellowish, and the scape and first funicle joint may be more or less obscurely
or sordidly pale. In the female the scape is dark or black, the pedicel and most of the
funicle joints yellow, the club and preceding funicle joint always dark. Legs and
abdominal pedicel yellow or brownish yellow, the femora and tibiae usually more or less
embrowned, the apical joint of the tarsi black.

Antennae of the ^ considerably longer than the whole insect, the pedicel roundish
in lateral view, the funicle joints subequally elongate, the third about two and a half or
three times as long as wide. Female with the first funicle joint short, only about half
the length of the second, the latter slender and the longest of all, the club as long as
the three preceding joints, which are subequal and shorter than the third funicle joint.
Form and sculpture of the thorax as in the other species ; the abdomen smooth and
shining, with the ovipositor distinctly exserted. Wings with the marginal vein puncti-
form, dark brown or brownish yellow, variable in colour ; the longest cilia of the front
wings rather less than the greatest width of the wing. Length '65 — 'Ss mm.

Hab. Oahu near the coast ; parasitic on eggs of a Jassid.

HYMENOPTERA 667

(13) Polyncma nana, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae entirely black above, but the scape and pedicel in lateral view
are usually more or less pale, piceous or sometimes yellowish ; legs blackish or dark
brown, but the tarsi are paler, generally yellowish, sometimes infuscate above, the apical
joint being conspicuously black.

Antennae of t considerably longer than the whole insect, pedicel compressed,
dilated, strongly rounded beneath, the first funicle joint decidedly shorter than the
second, the third and following subequal, the latter being rather more than twice as long
as its greatest width. In the % the first funicle joint is short, much shorter than the
second, the club as long as the three preceding joints together, the pedicel compressed,
ovate. Pronotum short and hardly noticeable in dorsal aspect, the mesonotum shining,
with distinct parapsidal furrows and a very delicate reticulate sculpture under high
powers of the microscope. Scutellum large and long as in the other Hawaiian species.
Wings evenly hairy, marginal vein dark, punctiform, the cilia, where longest, as long as
or longer than the greatest width of the front wing. Abdomen smooth, shining, the
ovipositor slightly, but distinctly, exserted. Length about '5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea. One apterous female, taken with the winged ones,
appears identical with the above.

(14) Polyncma reduvioli P.
Polynenm reduvioli Perk., Bull. H. S. P. A. Exp. St. i. p. 196.
Hab. Oahu, Kauai, Hawaii, and no doubt all the islands.

CYNIPOIDEA.

Fam. FIGITIDAE.

Subfam. EUCOILINAE.

The species of Eucoiline Cynipoids are numerous in the islands, and unquestionably
difficult to determine specifically. Ashmead referred the Hawaiian species described by
him to a number of genera, but to me all the Hawaiian species appear intimately allied
and likely to prove still more intimately so, as new species are found. Kiefifer in
Wytsman's Genera Ins. refers Ashmead's Hawaiian species to three genera, and
I believe the Pilinothrix of Ashmead should have been placed with the forms, which
Kieffer refers to Cothonaspis, subg. Anectocleis. It is also noteworthy that the
Hawaiian species with closed marginal cell, referred by Kieffer to Eticoila, subg.
Psichacra, very closely resemble some of the forms with open marginal cell and that
this cell in different species varies very much as to how far it is open above. In fact in
some Hawaiian forms it is not at all easy to decide whether the marginal cell is really
closed or open.

F. H. II. 86

668 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Kieffer gives as a character of Cothonaspis (s. 1.) "cupula non convexe," but in all
or nearly all the Hawaiian forms it is more or less convex and sometimes very strongly
so. Only in the species, for which 1 have formed the subg. Nesodiranchis is the
scutellar cup depressed.

Under the circumstances, I think it better to place all the Hawaiian species with
more or less open marginal cell (excepting the one just referred to) in a subgenus
Hypodh^anchis Ashm., treating this as a section of Cothonaspis. Ashmead's characters
for Hypodiranchis will not fit most of the species here described, nor in fact do the
examples he described agree with the generic characters he laid down. In the sense
used here, Hypodiranchis will refer to a division of Cothonaspis in which the cup of the
scutellum is generally more or less convex, sometimes strongly so, and never impressed,
and the antennae of the female are without a definite club.

I find it impossible to refer males, caught at large, to their proper females with any
certainty and therefore have described none of this sex. Had I done so the list
of species would have been much increased, but no doubt many or most of the names
given to males would become mere synonyms of previously described females. By
breeding, or special collecting in the field, the sexes will no doubt be rightly assigned in
the future.

I may note that several species of parasitic Cynipids have been introduced into the
islands for economic purposes, but these are not considered in this account.

Cothonaspis Hart.

Nesodiranchis, subgen. no v.

Like Diranchis, as defined by Ashmead, in most characters, but with the antennae
not at all clavate, the more basal flagellar joints being larger and longer than those at
the apex, so that the antennae become distinctly attenuate towards the tips. Third
antennal joint slightly longer than the fourth, all of these beyond the pedicel being
elongate, the sides slightly rounded, the surface very finely striate or rugulose rather
than fluted, fourth and fifth joints about twice as long as wide, apical joint about one
and one-half times the length of the preceding. Scutellar cup large, ovate, depressed,
the posterior fovea large, transverse ; marginal cell in front wings entirely open above,
cubitus effaced, represented by a hair line ; abdomen about as long as the thorax, with
a slight hairy girdle at base, hypopygium not conspicuously prominent.

(i) Cothonaspis {Nesodiranchis) ashnieadi, sp. nov.

Black, the mandibles, the two basal antennal joints (and the third obscurely) red ;
legs yellow, tarsal joints mostly black. Neuration brownish towards the base, but the
radius darker, the last abscissa black or almost so.

HYMENOPTERA 669

Antennae shortly pilose, pedicel short, hardly longer than wide ; mesonotum
smooth and shining, scutellar cup distinctly concave, with a few punctures on each side.

Nesodiranchis ashmeadi ? .
Antenna and cup of scutellum.

in front of the posterior fovea, distinct ; sides of cup pilose, with close rugose punctura-
tion ; propodeum with a carina on each side of the middle, the area between these
shining ; on each side of this area externally the propodeum is pubescent. Abdomen
smooth and shining, with a thin basal pubescent girdle. Length 2 mm. Female.

Hab. Oahu, 1500 — 2000 ft.

Subgen. CoTHONASPis Forst.
(2) CotJionaspis {Hypodiranchis) pelc, sp. nov.

Black, polished, the mandibles and all the legs ferruginous, the tarsi, at least the
hind and middle ones, more or less infuscate above, the pedicel of the antennae
obscurely red or pitchy.

Antennae moderately long, rather longer than the head and thorax together,
13-jointed, the pedicel hardly longer than wide, the first funiclar joint elongate, more
than twice as long as wide, distinctly, though not greatly, longer than the second, and
about equal to the third ; the first and second distinctly more slender than the latter,
the latter more so than the fourth, this and all the following being subequal and
moniliform, each longer than wide, and all fluted. Mesonotum very smooth and
shining, with sparse pale hairs ; scutellar cup narrowly ovate, pointed anteriorly, twice
as long as its greatest width, with a large fovea posteriorly, and with some distinct
piligerous punctures on each side in front of the fovea ; sides of scutellum beneath the
disc distinctly rugose and posteriorly pilose. Meso- and metapleura smooth. Wings
hyaline, ciliated, neuration dark and strong, the marginal cell open above for about half
its length, the cubitus much fainter than the rest of the neuration. Propodeum carinate
on each side of the middle, the surface dull and thinly pubescent. Abdomen about
equal in length to the head and thorax together, with a rather sparse and inconspicuous
hairy girdle at the base, the hypopygium strongly exserted. Length 2 mm. $.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea ; ovipositing in Dipterous larvae, belonging to the genus
Drosophila.

86—2

670 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(3) CotJionaspis {H.) intermedia, sp. nov.

Female black, polished, the legs brown, the hind ones darker, the front and middle
pair more yellowish brown or testaceous. Antennae obscure brownish or pitchy, the
apical joints black, or nearly so, the pedicel being the palest joint.

The joints of the flagellum are all elongate, the first being distinctly longer than
the second, the following joints subequal, the more apical slightly wider than the first
and second ; the third joint is nearly 2^ times as long as its greatest width, the ante-
penultimate joint only about twice as long as wide. Scutellar disc very convex above,
very long and narrow, subparallel-sided, the very fine margins generally, in some
aspects, appearing slightly sinuate inwardly behind the middle, the fovea very large,
with one or two very fine punctures on each side in front of the fovea ; below the disc
the scutellum is finely and regularly longitudinally striate and sparsely hairy ; propodeum
with the median area between the carinae punctate, the sides with yellow pubescence,
like that of the abdominal girdle, the latter also having an apical ciliation of longer hairs.
Meso- and metapleura smooth. Wings hyaline, somewhat yellow-tinged, especially
about the nervures, which are rather dark fuscous ; cubitus pallid, not distinct, marginal
cell closed above for about half its length from the base. Hypopygium rather strongly
exserted. Length 2 '5 mm. $.

Male very like the female, but with much longer, filiform antennae, the fiagellar
joints subequally elongate, the third being about 2\ times as long as wide, the
antepenultimate about 4 times, owing to the attenuation of the antennae apically, the
first distinctly, but slightly, curved.

Var. Scutellum at the sides, more or less of the sides of the abdomen at the base,
more or less of the basal joints of the antennae, or some of these parts, reddish, or
pitchy.

Hab. Oahu ; widely distributed in the mountains above 1300 ft.

(4) Cothonaspis {H.) tantali, sp. nov.

Polished black, the mandibles and the pedicel of the antennae dark red, all the legs
ferruginous, the apical joint of the front and middle tarsi and most of the posterior tarsi
above, infuscate.

Antennae long and filiform, 13-jointed, slightly longer than the whole insect, the
pedicel short, hardly longer than wide, the first flagellar joint slightly longer than the
second, the latter three times as long as its greatest width, the joints towards the apex
of the antennae a little wider in proportion to their length, the penultimate joint being
rather more than twice as long as its greatest width, the terminal joint long, one and
two-thirds the length of the preceding. Mesonotum polished, sparsely pilose ; scutellar
disc narrow, two and a half times (or more) as long as its greatest width, deeply and

HYMENOPTERA 671

largely foveated posteriorly, and with a series of distinct marginal piligerous punctures
on each side, from near the base to the fovea ; sides of scutellum below the disc
longitudinally wrinkled and pilose ; propodeum between the carinae very dull and
densely rugulose, at the sides with a patch of dense woolly hair ; mesopleura smooth,
metapleura longitudinally strigose. Wings hyaline, faintly yellow-tinged, ciliated ;
neuration for the most part rather pale yellowish brown, marginal cell open above, the
cubitus much fainter than the other nervures. Abdomen elongate-ovate pointed at apex,
with a dense basal girdle of yellowish pubescence, the hypopygium not conspicuously
exserted, but more so in some examples than in others. The basal flagellar joints of
the antennae are sometimes more or less reddish-tinged. Length 2 '25 mm. $.

The antennae are so slender that they can hardly be called subclavate, and
possibly this species could be referred to Forster's genus Anectoclis.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, above 1500 ft.

(5) Cothonaspis {H.) strigosa, sp. nov.

Extremely similar to P. tantali, having the same scutellar structure, similar
antennae etc. It is readily distinguished, however, by the mesopleura posteriorly being
strongly longitudinally strigose, like the metapleura, instead of being altogether smooth
and shining.

Hab. Oahu; Honolulu, above 1500ft.

(6) Cothonaspis (//.) declivis, sp. nov.

Black, the two basal antennal joints red, mandibles and legs testaceous or brownish
yellow.

Antennae long, about as long as the whole insect, all the flagellar joints elongate,
the flagellum appearing subclavate, owing to the more apical joints being proportionately
rather wider and shorter than the more basal ones, in some aspects ; first and second
flagellar joints nearly equal in length, the latter slightly stouter, about equal to the
following, but rather more slender, third about three times as long as wide, the ante-
penultimate joint about twice as long as wide. Mesonotum polished, sparsely pilose,
pleural region smooth and polished, including the metapleura. Scutellar cup more than
twice as long as wide, very convex longitudinally and very strongly declivous posteriorly
before the large round fovea, also strongly convex transversely, sides of the cup
rugulose, but partly smooth ; propodeum dull between the carinae, but very indistinctly
sculptured. Wings ciliated, neuration brownish yellow, the marginal cell open above,
except for a short distance at base, cubitus very faint. Hypopygium not prominent.
Length 2 mm. %.

Hab. Oahu; near Honolulu, above 1500 ft.

6/2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Note. With P. dcclivis and P. tantali I take a male Cynipid, which I cannot
refer to either with any certainty. It may be distinct from either, but I suspect this is
not the case.

(7) Cothonaspis {H.) naias, sp. nov.

Black, polished, five basal joints of the antennae red, mandibles and legs testaceous
or ferruginous, hind coxae browner, hind tarsi evidently infuscate.

Antennae two-thirds the length of the whole insect, the basal joint of the flagellum
equal in length to the third, but evidently more slender, the second joint being much
shorter, about two-thirds the length of these, fourth and following joints wider than the
third, all elongate, submoniliform, subequal, the antepenultimate joint about twice as
long as wide. Scutellar cup long and narrow, acuminate in front, foveated at its
posterior end, about three times as long as wide, with several evident punctures on its
smooth surface, its sides distinctly, finely rugulose. Propodeum with a dense patch of
pubescence outside each of the longitudinal carinae ; meso- and metapleura smooth and
polished. Wings clear, hyaline, ciliated, marginal cell apparently closed above on less
than its basal half, neuration yellowish brown, cubitus faint. Hypopygium somewhat
prominent. Length 175 mm. $.

Hab. Oahu ; 1 500 ft.

(8) Cothonaspis {H.) debilis, sp. nov.

Black, polished, mandibles and two basal antennal joints yellowish brown, some
other of the basal flagellar joints also more or less pale, legs testaceous, apices of tarsi
dark.

Antennae as long as the whole insect, slender, but gradually subclavate, the two
basal flagellar joints being notably more slender than those towards the apex. First
flagellar joint subequal to or a trifle longer than the second, which is subequal to the
following joints ; fluted sculpture distinct ; antepenultimate joint of antennae twice as
long as wide. Scutellar cup elongate-ovate, twice as long as its greatest width, foveate
at its posterior end, and with a few fine punctures before the fovea ; sides very finely
rugulose ; propodeal carinae distinct, the pubescence not dense ; mesothoracic and
metathoracic pleura smooth, polished. Neuration brown, yellow-tinged, cubitus much
paler and fainter than radius, but easily seen, marginal cell closed above for only a short
distance at the base. Hairy girdle of abdomen not dense, hypopygium not strongly
prominent. Length hardly 1-5 mm. $.

C. debilis van siniilis van nov.

Very like the above in api^earance and structure, but the hind coxae are rather
darker brown, the scutellar cup is slightly wider, its margins more distinct and at the
sides it is shining and smooth instead of being rugulose.

HYMENOPTERA 673

C. debilis var. subdcbilis van nov.

Antennae paler than in typical debits (var. shnilis being intermediate), scutellar
cup decidedly narrower than in either of the above forms, about 2\ times as long
as wide, shining and nearly smooth on its sides, or at least hardly visibly sculptured
even under a very strong lens.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea. Without a long series of examples the three forms
described can hardly be considered as species.

(9) Cothonaspis {H.) abnormis, sp. nov.

Black, polished, two basal antennal joints, mandibles and all the legs ferruginous
or testaceous.

Antennae long and slender, as long as the whole insect, the flagellum feebly
subclavate, the apical joints being evidently wider, when compared with the basal joints,
but all are elongate, the antepenultimate joint being about three times as long as wide.
Three basal joints almost of equal length, though the basal one, on actual measurement
is a trifle shorter. Scutellar cup elongate, not distinctly margined, and best seen when
looked at obliquely from in front. It is of narrow ellipsoidal form and very little raised,
the sides being extremely low, rugosely sculptured, and there is no posterior fovea ;
propodeum bicarinate, dull and hardly perceptibly sculptured between the carinae,
pubescent at the sides ; pleura smooth, the mesopleura with an impression. Wings
more or less yellowish-tinged, marginal cell closed above on about the basal half,
neuration brownish yellow, cubitus rather distinct. Abdomen strongly compressed,
with complete hairy girdle, the hypopygium prominent. Length 1-5 — 175 mm. $.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 — 2000 ft.

Obs. This species might be placed in a distinct genus, but the possibility of the
occurrence in the islands of others, which would connect it with more usual forms,
renders it inadvisable to separate it generically at present.

(10) Cothonaspis {H.) dubiosa, sp. nov.

Black, polished, two basal joints of antennae and mandibles distinctly red, legs
flavo-testaceous, abdomen blackish or very dark brown over most of the basal portion,
becoming reddish apically, as also widely so at the sides beneath. Front and middle
tarsi brownish, the posterior tarsi dark fuscous.

Antennae about two-thirds the length of the insect, the flagellum subclavate, fluted,
its third joint being evidently wider than the second, the latter and the first almost
equal in length, the third and fourth very slightly longer, the antepenultimate joint
twice as wide as long, the third rather longer, about 2^ times its width and evidently
fluted. Scutellar cup elongate, twice as long as its greatest width, very distinctly

674 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

marked by its pale margins throughout, a few scattered punctures (in the type specimen)
in front of the posterior fovea ; sides of the cup somewhat shining, with some very fine
punctures, and extremely fine longitudinal rugulosity, sparsely pilose ; pleura smooth
and polished ; propodeum with the two longitudinal carinae as in the other species.
Wings ciliate, the neuration yellowish at base, becoming darker apically, the apical
side of the marginal cell being- dark fuscous ; this cell closed on its basal half above.
Length rather more than 2 mm. $.

I cannot be sure that the marginal cell in this species is not altogether closed, as
in some aspects the nervure on the upper side of the cell appears continuous to the
apex, though fainter beyond the middle.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 ft. I have only examined one e.xample and the abdomen is
partly crushed.

(11) Cothonaspis {H.) dichroina, sp. nov.

Black, polished, the two basal joints of the antennae distinctly red, as well as the
mandibles, legs testaceous, the tarsi more or less infuscate, the hind ones dark fuscous
or blackish above, abdomen ferruginous.

Antennae rather more than two-thirds the length of the whole insect, the flagellum
subclavate, its second joint being considerably less wide than the third, its first joint
more slender still ; the first of these joints very little longer than the second, and all the
flagellar joints are elongate, submoniliform, the antepenultimate (with its contracted
base) being about twice as long as wide. Scutellar cup elongate, rather more than
twice as long as wide, pointed anteriorly and foveated at the other e.xtremity, one or
two fine punctures inside either margin ; at the sides it is densely rugosely sculptured
or rugose-punctate and sparsely pilose. Propodeum between the carinae impressed,
slightly hairy, hardly sculptured. Pleura smooth, not sculptured. Hypopygium some-
what exserted. Length 2 mm. %.

Hab. Oahu, about 1500 ft.

EucoiLA Westw.
( I ) Eucoila {Psichacra) oreias, sp. nov.

Black, smooth and shining, mandibles red on their apical part, coxae black or very
dark ; front and middle femora mostly dark brown above, the apical part being pale
brownish yellow, front and middle tibiae yellowish brown, the latter sometimes darker
than the former ; hind legs darker than the others, the femora black or nearly, excepting
the yellowish apices, tibiae dark brown except at base, the tarsi entirely blackish or
dark fuscous. Neuration yellowish, the apical side of the marginal cell paler than most
of the neuration.

Antennae as long as the entire insect, or almost so, the first two joints beyond the
pedicel being somewhat thinner than the next. The flagellar joints are subequal in

HYMENOPTERA 675

length, the first being slightly shorter than the second, both elongate and slender, the
antepenultimate joint of nearly the same length as these, but much stouter, about twice
as long as wide. The scutellar cup is elongate-ovate, its greatest width being less than
half its length ; its margins are not very distinct, its dorsal surface bears no punctures
in front of the posterior fovea, or at most one or two very feeble ones, but its sides are
somewhat roughened by a number of punctures. Abdominal hairy girdle not dense.
Length $ r75 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(2) Eiicoila (P.) orobates, sp. nov.

Extremely like E. oreias, with similar long antennae, which do not differ much in
structure from those of that species. The legs, however, are less dark in nearly all
parts, brown and, where paler, yellowish, the neuration of the wings is darker, fuscous ;
the scutellar cup is well margined, wider, about twice as long as its greatest width, and
bears punctures on each side dorsally in front of the posterior fovea, its sides are quite
smooth, polished and impunctate or nearly. Length % 175 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

(3) Eucoila [P.) hygropJiila, sp. nov.

Black, polished, legs ferruginous or testaceous, hind coxae and sometimes the
middle ones darkish brown, the hind femora and tibiae also browner, the hind tarsi
dark fuscous ; several of the basal antennal joints more or less distinctly reddish.
Neuration fuscous, more or less yellow-tinged. Antennae considerably shorter than
the whole insect, without a definite club, but the fourth joint of the flagellum is
considerably thicker than the third, the first joint being decidedly longer than the
second or third, which are subequal and shorter than the fourth ; the antepenultimate
joint is considerably less than twice as long as its width. The scutellar cup is well
defined, not at all impressed, but with a distinct posterior fovea, very elongate, about
three times as long as wide ; the sides are finely longitudinally rugulose ; sides of the
propodeum and the basal abdominal girdle densely hairy. Length % i "5 — 2 mm.

Eucoila hygrophila \'ar. pliilygra nov.

Like the above in sculpture etc. but with the neuration yellower, and the basal
joints of the flagellum rather different, the first joint being slightly but distinctly longer
than the second, and about equal to the third. Length % i "2 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; 1500 — 2000 ft.

F. H. II. %j

676 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

EucoiLiDEA Ashm.

(i) Ejuoilidea micromorpha, sp. nov.

Black, abdomen beneath at least at the base yellowish or brownish yellow. Legs
mostly testaceous, the front and middle femora distinctly dark brown above except
apically, tarsi and sometimes the posterior tibiae also more or less dark. Head,
abdomen, and mesonotum smooth and polished. Antennae with short, globose pedicel,
funicle with the joints increasing slightly in width towards the apex of the antennae,
and fluted, the first and second joints nearly equal in length and the slenderest, the
third being slightly wider than the latter, and also of about the same length, anteapical
joints longer than their greatest width, but not much longer. Scutellar cup with a
distinct complete series of marginal punctures just within its border, rugose-punctate
below this. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Propodeum very finely sculptured in the
middle between the carinae, and with a pubescent patch external to the carinae on each
side in front. Abdominal petiole longitudinally costate. Neuration sordid yellowish.
Length \'2 mm. Female.

Var. a. Smaller, the antennae more pitchy, or blackish fuscous, abdomen more
widely yellowish brown from base to apex, posterior femora as dark, or almost as dark,
as the others.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu on the lowlands and in the mountains to 1500 ft.

ICHNE UMONOIDEA .

Fam. ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Subfam. CRYPTINAE.
Cryptine Ichneumons are represented, in addition to the introduced species
enumerated in Vol. i., by a single species of the tribe Hemitelini, a common parasite
in the nests of spiders. I have little doubt the species is introduced. It is widely
distributed in the islands.

Subfam. PIMPLINAE.
PiMPLA Fabr.

( I ) Pimpla, sp. ?

A commonplace species of Pimpla is now common on Oahu, where it was first
noticed in 1901.

Pimpla hawaiiensis Cam.

This species, described from the islands, also inhabits Mexico, and I have bred it
from pupae of Mexican Tortricidae. It is no doubt an importation into the islands.

HYMENOPTERA 677

Glvptogastra Ashm.

(i) Glyptogastra aslimeadi, sp. nov.

Black, the apex of the clypeus, the labrum, antennae, front legs except a large part
of the coxae, the middle tibiae, the sides (more or less) and the apical margins of the
second to sixth abdominal segments, the whole or nearly the whole of the seventh and
eighth and the genital armature ferruginous or testaceous. Middle and posterior femora
red, the hind tibiae obscure red, as also the middle and hind trochanters, the coxae and
tarsi black or blackish. Apical half of the antennae blackish above, beneath paler, but
sordid. Abdomen dull, metallic greenish black.

Face below the antennae and nearly the whole thorax conspicuously clothed with
pale brownish yellow hairs ; antennae with 32 joints and with the first funicle joint much
longer than the second, the rest decreasing in length towards the apex, each joint sub-
compressed so as to be wider at its base and apex than in the middle. Thorax dull and
densely sculptured beneath the pubescence, formed as in G. haivaiiensis Ashm., the
propodeum with very shallow punctures, which are larger than those of the mesonotum,
the posterior median impression without hairs. Elevation of first abdominal segment
concave above, second to sixth with lateral oblique lines, meeting at their apices the
more or less distinct transverse impressed lines, which are distinct only towards the
sides of each segment. Apical three or four segments recurved. Wings uniformly
light shining fuscous, the neuration and stigma dark. Length (abdomen not straightened
out) 9 mm.

Obs. G. hawaiiensis is not simply black as described, but is distinctly metallic.

Hab. Oahu ; Honolulu, 1500 ft. I have not seen the female.

Subfam. OPHIONINAE.

Enicospilus Curt.

The Hawaiian species of Enicospibis present unusual difficulties owing to the
variation of important structural characters, as well as of colour. In some species the
entire absence of the blister-like spot on the front wings decharacterizes the genus. It
is, however, quite impossible to separate such species generically, because these spots
are subject to variation in other species, so that in some cases, while the blister spot
is tolerably distinct in some examples, in others it may be almost or entirely effaced.
The transverse carina of the propodeum is also variable. Thus in E. kaalae Ashm.
the male (as in the type) may be without the carina, or it may be well developed,
as it always is in the female.

87—2

678 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Enicospilus kaalae Ashm.

Enicospilus semiriifus Perkins, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 142.

My E. semirufus is a variety of the above. I characterized it as distinct from
the fact that the male of E. kaalae was said to resemble the female. In the type,
however, the male of E, kaalae lacks the distinct carina of the female. The colour
description likewise did not altogether agree. The examination of a large number of
examples shows that the carina on the propodeum of E. kaalae may be present or absent
and is not a specific character.

Hab. Oahu ; very common throughout the island. The type is from Kauai.

( I ) Enicospilus tyrannus, sp. nov.

Male, head and face yellow, the ocelli very large, dark brown ; the mandibles and
mouth-parts brownish, the impressions on each side of the clypeus and a median spot
beneath the antennae brown. Antennae ferruginous or testaceous, towards the apex
fuscous. Pronotum mostly yellowish, the mesonotum dark brown, bordered with
yellowish, and with a yellow longitudinal line on each side of the middle, dividing the
dark colour into an anterior and two postero-lateral lobes ; scutellum and postscutellum
brown medially, more yellow laterally, propodeum blackish pitchy ; more brown on the
smooth anterior area. Legs ferruginous, the tibiae and tarsi paler. Abdomen dark
brown or dark fuscous, in parts more reddish brown, especially in lateral aspect.

Female with the inner orbits widely pale yellow below the antennae, narrowly so
above ; middle of the face brown, the clypeus more yellowish, palpi and mandibles
testaceous or ferruginous, the latter with dark teeth, occiput mostly pale yellow.
Pronotum dark brown with a yellow area on each side, mesonotum blackish fuscous, the
lateral margins in front and a space in the middle posteriorly, yellowish or reddish ;
scutellum at sides yellow, more testaceous above ; propodeum black. Legs with the
coxae black or very dark brown, the femora brown, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous.
Abdomen dark blackish fuscous, a little red-tinged in parts.

Antennae of male extending well beyond the apex of the spread wings, in the
female reaching about to the apex, the eyes very large, leaving only a very short cheek
between the eyes and mandibles. Mesonotum dull, with very fine and dense rugulose
puncturation, more pubescent in the female ; propodeum nearly smooth and somewhat
shining in front in the male, and at the most with faint traces of a carina dividing off the
posterior finely rugose portion ; in the female the carina is distinct, the part in front of it
finely and densely rugose, but less dull and more finely sculptured than the posterior
portion. Wings distinctly yellowish-tinged in the male, still more conspicuously so in
the female ; stigma of male brown, of female dark brown, discocubital cell with two
distinct yellowish spots, the basal larger and of triangular shape. Length ^ 1 7,
$ 22 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 4000 ft.

HYMENOPTERA 679

(2) Enicospilus capnodes, sp. nov.

Male black, or in parts blackish fuscous, labrum testaceous, mandibles except the
tip reddish, the inner orbits narrowly, the posterior widely, yellow ; second joint of
trochanters and apex of first joint ferruginous. Wings evenly fuscous ; though trans-
lucent, and not very dark, they are darker than in most of the Hawaiian Enicospilus.

Head with the eyes very large, only separated from the mandibles by a very
narrow cheek, the face below the antennae densely and finely punctate, the vertex
smooth and shining between the large ocelli ; antennae very long, reaching far beyond
the apices of the expanded wings. Mesonotum very minutely punctured, the propodeum
clothed with short pale pubescence, slightly shining in front in some aspects, the trans-
verse carina represented only in the middle by a short line or tubercle, behind this closely
rugose, dull and much less smooth than in front of it. Discocubital cell of front wings
with a small dark spot, showing signs of total obsolescence, the radius thickened at the
base, transverse median nervure not interstitial with the basal nervure, first recurrent
not interstitial with the second transverse median nervure, but the space between them
is very short, one-fourth the length of the second recurrent nervure. Abdomen very
finely punctured or appearing granulate and clothed with pale fuscous pubescence.
Length 14 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kona, 3000 ft.

(3) Enicospihts dispilus P.
Enicospihis dispilus Perkins, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 143.
Hab. Oahu ; abundant in the mountains.

(4) Enicospilus dimidialus P.
Enicospilus dimidialus Perkins, loc. cit. supra.
Hab. Oahu ; common in the mountains.

Athvreodon Ashm.

Abanchogastra Perkins, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 141.

My genus Abanchogastra is synonymous with the above. A serious misprmt or
error, of which there are several in Ashmead's table of the genera of Ophionini, misled
me into supposing my genus undescribed.

Atkyreodon liawaiiensis Ashm.

Athyreodon kazoaiiensis, Ashmead huj. op. i. p. 343-

A colour variety, separable by no structural character, so far as I can see, is found

on Maui.

Hab. Maui, West Maui, and probably general, if looked for specially.

68o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Athyreodon debilis P.
Abanchogastra debilis Perkins, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, p. 141.
Hab. Oahu ; mountains round Honolulu.

Banchogastra Ashm.

(i) Banchogastra vitreipennis, sp. nov.

Female black, the front tarsi somewhat brownish, the wings hyaline, iridescent,
only slightly infuscate.

Mesonotum very densely and finely punctured, the propodeum dull and rugose
behind the transverse carina, in front of this smoother and more shining-. Abdomen
narrow, the second segment nearly parallel-sided, elongate, one and a half times (or
more) as long as its basal width.

Closely allied to B. nigra but distinguished by its comparatively clear wings and
long second abdominal segment. Length 9 — io'5 mm.

Hab. Maui ; Haleakala, 5000 ft. and upwards.

Pycnophion Ashm.

( 1 ) Pycnophion fuscipennis, sp. nov.

Rufous, the head, a median stripe on the mesonotum and the abdomen black.
Legs mostly black, but the coxae for the most part (the hind ones being more or less
dark) are red, as well as the extreme apex of the trochanters and base of femora of the
middle and hind legs. Posterior orbits narrowly yellow and the anterior ones to the
height of the antennal insertions. Wings shining fuscous, and iridescent.

Eyes very large, there being a short cheek between these and the mandibles,
the first funicle joint of antennae nearly as long as the next two together. Mesonotum
dull, finely punctate, the propodeum without a transverse carina, irregularly finely rugose.
Ovipositor rather short, extruded to about the length of the three preceding dorsal
segments. Female. Length 9 mm.

In this species the first recurrent nervure is almost interstitial with the discoidal.

Hab. Kauai, 3000 ft. and at lower elevations.

Pristomerus Curtis,
(i) Pristomerus hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Male black, the two basal joints of the antennae, the mandibles, palpi, apex of
clypeus, all the legs (except the tips of the tarsi, the apex of the hind tibiae and more or
less of the hind coxae) yellow, brownish yellow, or testaceous. Scutellum and middle
of mesonotum on its posterior half red, this colour continued forwards along the furrows

HYMENOPTERA 68 1

and in front at the sides to the tegulae ; upper edge of anterior and posterior orbits
narrowly red, with a dilatation of this colour on the vertex. Basal abdominal segment
red at the base for half its length or nearly, second segment red-marked at extreme base
and at the apex, second and third for a large part or wholly red, claspers testaceous.

Scape of antennae short, not or hardly longer than its greatest width, first and
second flagellar joints subequally elongate. Mesonotum dull, shallowly but distinctly
punctured on its posterior half, the punctures becoming effaced anteriorly ; scutellum
shining and punctate, the deep transverse impression in front of it longitudinally rugose;
propodeum strongly areolated, the areoles of the posterior surface rugose. Wings
slightly yellowish-tinged, neuration yellowish fuscous, stigma very large, triangular,
fuscous. Basal abdominal segment finely longitudinally rugose on its apical half, second
segment very finely so, third excessively finely rugulose at the base laterally. Hind
coxae with a strong tooth beneath near the middle, between which and the apex are
several minute teeth.

Female generally like the male, but the basal antennal joints are dark brown or
infuscate, the orbits and thorax wholly black, the hind coxae nearly entirely black
or very dark brown, the hind femora nearly wholly pitchy brown, and much more slender,
the tooth is more slender and placed nearer to the apex of the joint, the minute teeth
following it being absent or hardly visible, the third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments
with narrow red apical margins. Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen. Length
5"5— 7"5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, widely distributed at an elevation of looo — 2000 ft.

(2) Pristomertis hilaris, sp. nov.

Very closely allied to P. hazuaiiensis, but the J is easily distinguished by having
the whole thorax red, excepting more or less of the propodeum ; the antennae have the
basal flagellar joints pale, as well as the scape. In some examples the propodeum is
nearly entirely black, in others it is half red. The basal abdominal segments are a little
more finely longitudinally rugose, and the metapleura above the hind coxae less strongly
punctured. Length $ 7 mm.

I have not seen a female of this species, which replaces the preceding on Oahu,
Maui and Molokai, but may prove to be merely a variety and not a good species.

Hab. Oahu, Molokai and Maui ; 1000 ft. or more above sea-level.

Atrometrus Forst.

(i) Atrometrus tephrias, sp. nov.
Male with the whole head, excepting the occiput and a broad median band
extending from this to the antennae and enclosing the ocelli, lemon-yellow ; scape,
pedicel and base of flagellum more or less pale beneath ; the whole of the prothorax.

682 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

the mesosternum and mesopleura, excepting a spot beneath the tegulae, and the
scutellum, pale yellow. Thorax above for the most part blackish, the margins of the
mesonotum, a sjsot on the disc, one on the postscutellum and at the anterior margin of
the propodeum, as well as a band on the sides of the latter, all pale in colour, red,
testaceous or yellow, but never bright yellow like the head. Abdomen beyond the
second segment brownish, with black bands. Middle and front legs brownish yellow,
hind legs pitchy brown, the coxae yellow, marked with black, the trochanters also more
or less pale. Wings very iridescent, neuration blackish.

Female with head markings as in the ^, but the pale colour, is more testaceous and
the sides of the head behind the eyes largely blackish. Prothorax reddish, mesonotum
red with a median anterior and two lateral dark areas, mesosternum black, the pleura
dark, but partly reddish, especially posteriorly, scutellum and propodeum red, the
former paler ; legs much as in the male, the hind pair generally darker than the others,
the coxae brownish. Basal joints of antennae more or less pale, especially beneath.
Basal two segments of abdomen black or nearly so, the rest obscure brown.

Head above the antennae finely and densely punctate or coriaceous ; thorax also
very finely and densely so ; propodeum closely irregularly rugose, with short and rather
dense, pale pubescence. Antennae of female with about 24 joints, of ^ 25 or 26 joints.
Length 6 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; not rare at about 1500 ft. in the mountains.

(2) Atrometrjts sociabilis, sp. nov.

Black, the whole face below the antennae, the scape of the antennae beneath, the
orbits for a short distance above the yellow of the face, the tegulae, the anterior and
intermediate coxae and trochanters, sulphur yellow or pale yellow. The pronotum is
reddish or yellowish in the middle above, more or less blackish or infuscate at the sides,
where the posterior and inferior angles are both paler, being either yellow or testaceous.
Mesonotum and propodeum entirely black. Front legs, except the still paler coxae and
trochanters, clear testaceous, the hind coxae black, yellow at the tips, the femora pitchy,
the tibiae and tarsi sordid, brownish yellow. Abdomen black, or in part brownish-
tinged, third and following segments ventrally yellowish brown. Neuration dark brown
or blackish. Antennae with the small ring joint 22- or 23-jointed in either sex. Head
above the antennae very densely and evenly punctate, propodeum densely irregularly
rugose, and pubescent, mesonotum excessively finely and closely punctured. Length
5 mm. Apparently allied to A. flavifrons Ashm.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea.

HYMENOPTERA 6S3

(3) Atroinetus satelles, sp. no v.

Male black, the face beneath the antennae bright yellow and this colour is continued
upwards for a very short distance along the orbits ; posterior orbits black, scape of
antennae yellow beneath, the following two short joints and the next long joint also
yellowish brown ; seen from above all these joints are also pale, but more sordid.
Pronotum, tegulae, front and intermediate coxae and trochanters pale yellow, scutellum
in front with a reddish mark, becoming yellow at its anterior angles ; a reddish spot on
the postscutellum ; front and middle legs, except as above noted otherwise, clear
testaceous, a minute yellow spot at the apex of the mesopleura; posterior coxae yellow,
with a dark stripe outwardly and inwardly ; first joint of trochanters blackish, second
yellow above ; femora pitchy brown, tibiae and tarsi more or less sordid yellowish.
Abdomen pitchy, third, fourth and fifth segments brown, with a dark apical band.

Antennae 23-jointed, head above the antennae smooth, the sculpture nearly
effaced, propodeum finely granulate or shagreened, a little rugulose posteriorly.
Length 5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea.

(4) Atro7nettis solitaries, sp. nov.

Male black, the face below the antennae, the whole orbits except for an interruption
on the vertex, the whole prothorax, the tegulae, the anterior and intermediate coxae and
trochanters, a mark more or less reddish on the scutellum, a band (reddish anteriorly)
on the mesopleura, sulphur yellow. First three antennal joints (counting the minute
ring joint) brown beneath, darker above. Front and intermediate legs (except as above
noted otherwise) clear yellowish brown, the tarsi of the latter darker ; posterior legs
with the coxae reddish, with a black stripe on each side, basal joint of trochanters black,
pale at the tip ; femora pitchy brown, pale at extreme base ; tibiae and tarsi blackish
pitchy. Abdomen blackish, after the second segment dark fuscous, pubescent and finely
punctured, the venter yellowish brown. Antennae 24-jointed, with the minute annular
joint. Head above the antennae dull, densely punctured ; mesonotum extremely finely
punctured, the propodeum densely rugose. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea.

Fam. BRACONIDAE.

All Hawaiian Braconids are no doubt of foreign origin, e.xcepting Ecphylopsis and
possibly Ischiogonus palliatus Cam. Of recent introduction are a species oi Brae on, one
or two of Macrodyctium, several species of Apaiiteles, three species herewith described,
and a few still undetermined. Chelonus blackbui-ni Cam. is also found in Australia,
while Phanej-otoma hatvaiiaisis x\shm. was probably introduced by Koebele (? from
Japan).

F. H. II. 88

684 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Subfam. MICROGASTERINAE.

Apanteles Forst.

Apanteles, spp.

Several species have become established, one is known to me from North America
and one is parasitic on caterpillars of domestic Lepidoptera.

Subfam. BRACONINAE.
Bracon Fabr.
( I ) Bracon, sp. ?
Hab. Oahu, at and near Honolulu.

Macrodvctium Ashm.
(i) Macrodyctinm omiodivoruvi Terry.

Macrodycthmi omiodivoruvi Terry, Bull. H.S.P.A. Exp. Station.
A very variable species.
Hab. All the islands.

Habrobracon Ashmead.

(i) Habrobracon, sp. 1
Hab. Oahu and probably the other islands; often found in houses. It attacks
caterpillars living in beans etc.

Subfam. RHOGADINAE.

IscHioGONUs Wesm.

(i) Ischiogomis pallidiceps, sp. nov.

Female black, the head yellowish brown, the tegulae and legs pale testaceous, basal
joints of antennae also more or less pale, apex of mandibles dark. Antennae with the
second joint of flagellum shorter than the first, the head smooth polished. Mesonotum
shining in front and at the sides, in the middle more dull and with indefinite rugulose
puncturation ; scutellum at the base longitudinally costate ; propodeum with a median
raised line or carina, the anterior areas separated by this carina, rugulose ; areola and
petiolar areas confluent, and more strongly rugulose ; pleural area marked off by a very
fine longitudinal carina. Wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures brown, the extremities of
the nervures at the base of the stigma yellowish. Basal abdominal segment coarsely
rugose, second longitudinally strigose, dull and sculptured between the strigae, third
shortly strigose at base, the rest smooth and shining, ovipositor exserted to about the
leneth of the abdomen.

■ HYMEN OP TERA 685

Male agrees generally in structure with the female, but is pale brown in colour,
the basal or more than one of the abdominal segments often darker, sometimes the
whole abdomen of a darker hue than the head and thorax. Length 3 — 5 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; appeared first rather numerously in 1900, since which time it has
been very common. It attacks various Longicorn Coleoptera, notably the species of
Clytarlus and Plagithmysus. I have seen a specimen, apparently identical, from
New Zealand.

Subfam. SPATHIINAE.

HoRMius Nees.

(i) Hormius{^.) peregi'inus, sp. no v.

Head and thorax ferruginous or reddish brown varying in depth of colour, the rest
of the thorax darker, blackish, more or less tinged with red, basal and usually the apical
abdominal segments dark, the second segment always pale yellowish, legs testaceous,
the hind femora more or less dark at least on the apical portion outwardly, their tibiae
also dark except on the whitish basal portion, antennae testaceous basally, becoming
dark apically, ovipositor black on the apical third or less, the rest pale.

Head dull, transversely rugose posteriorly ; mesonotum very finely punctured, dull,
in the middle posteriorly with some more or less longitudinal wrinkles, scutellum with
a few strong costae anteriorly ; propodeum with a close more or less reticulate rugose
sculpture like that of the first abdominal segment, the areolation effaced ; stigma dark
fuscous, pale at base and sometimes at the apex. Hind femora exceedingly robust and
incrassate, armed beneath with teeth, the basal of these placed before the middle, a
longer one is placed nearly at the middle and is closely followed by about five or six
others which decrease in size towards the apex of the femora. Basal abdominal
segment subparallel-sided, about twice as long as wide in the male, less elongate in the
female, only about half as wide as the apex of the second segment, which like the
following is only very minutely sculptured. Ovipositor longer than the abdomen.
Length 3-5— 4'5 mm-

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu ; of recent introduction.

Obs. I am unable to place this insect generically with any certainty. It appears
to show some affinity with the Helconinae.

Spathius Nees.

(i) Spathius perdebilis, sp. nov.

Male brown, the propodeum, petiole of abdomen and its apical segments, the

lateral lobes of the mesonotum more or less, dark brown or infuscate, head paler

yellowish brown, legs yellow, as also the several basal antennal joints, the other joints

infuscate. Neuration mostly pallid, the stigma fuscous, pale at base.

88—2

686 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

Head shining, microscopically rugulose, first flagellar joint of antennae longer than
the second. Mesonotum dull, densely and minutely punctate or shagreened; propodeum
with a delicate median carina in front, the surface finely shagreened, the petiolar area
defined, very narrow, but dilated or somewhat diamond-shaped anteriorly. Petiole long
and very narrow, many times as long as wide, dull, densely and finely shagreened, its
upper edge in profile well curved ; rest of abdomen polished and smooth. Length
2 '5 mm. I have not seen the female.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, introduced, without doubt.

68;

Supplement by R. C. L. Perkins

ORTHOPTERA.

Vide pp. I — 1 6 hujus tomi.

ACRIDIOIDEA.
Atractomorpha Sauss.
( I ) Airactomorpka crenaticeps Bl.
Hab. Oahu ; now common round Honolulu; first appeared about 1900.

LOCUSTOIDEA.

HOLOCHLORA Stal.

(i) Holochlora veitosa.

Hab. Oahu ; the eggs inserted in young shoots of trees have been frequently
found since 1S96, but the mature insect is still rarely met with.

The determination of the above species and of the Mantid named below, were,
I believe, kindly made by the authorities at the Dept. of Agriculture in Washington for
some of the economic entomologists in the islands.

Braciivmetopa Redt.
Brachymetopa blackburni de B.

Brachynietopa discolor Redt., Perkins, Fauna Haw. 11. p. 9.

In the Part ' Orthoptera ' of the Fauna I have referred to the peculiar case of
B. discolor and B. blackburni, but at the time of publication of that Part I had not
sufficient evidence to warrant my uniting these as forms of one species. There is no
doubt that they merely represent a striking case of dimorphism. Some years ago
I spent two days investigating the matter and carefully examining every mature insect,
that I could find. Of twenty-six adult Zi 24 belonged to the van discolor, the brownish-
coloured black-faced form. Two males only were the green blackburtii form. One of
the latter was so far intermediate as to have a large triangular brownish or darkened
area on the face, this marking being characteristic of the distinct Oahuan species
B. unica P.

688 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Of twenty-one females, one only was of the discolor var. but one or two of the
other twenty (typical green blackbtirni) showed the triangular dark facial area as in the
t above referred to. In reality this variety can hardly be considered as a true
intermediate form, but rather as a third constant variation, rare in either sex.
It is certainly interesting to find this peculiarity of marking occurring as a constant
specific character in B. tmica of which I have, since its description, examined
additional specimens.

It would appear then that about one ^ in 13 of ^. blackburni is green, typical or
subtypical, the others being var. discolor, while of the females one in twenty-one only
is var. discolor the others being the green form. Consequently there is exhibited a
sexual dimorphism in B. blackburni, which is not yet quite complete, while a third form
is of uncommon occurrence in either sex, in some respects forming a slight intermediate
condition between the blackburni and discolor forms and resembling in colour another
species of the genus, very distinct from and much rarer than blackburni but occurring
with it.

I ought to add that all the specimens here considered were taken in the same

locality.

GRYLLOIDEA.

(i) Gryllus, sp. ?

A commonplace species of Gryllus appeared in Honolulu in 1901 and has now

spread into the country.

Paranemobius Alfk.

(i) Paranemobius schauinslandi Alfk.

What I take to be this species is an evidently' imported species, found in dirty and
dusty houses, in closets, cellars, etc., in Honolulu and elsewhere.

Leptogryllus p.
(i) Leptogryllus cylindricus, sp. nov.

Testaceous or ferruginous, becoming often more or less discoloured after death, the
front tibiae and femora with faint fuscous spots or annulations, apex of first, the second
and apex of third joints of hind tarsi and sometimes of the middle ones infuscate. Tip
of ovipositor blackish, with numerous small teeth on each side, the apical ones the
larger. Hind femora very slender, with many small fuscous spots outwardly. Tegmina
squamiform, about covering the metanotum in the male, smaller in the female, their
inner margins not nearly touching the middle line. Ovipositor of the female very long,
considerably longer than the hind femur. Length of body without ovipositor 15 mm.,
ovipositor 13 mm., hind femur 10 mm.

Hab. Kauai, about 2500 ft.

' An examination of the figures of P. schauinslandi has since convinced me that it is not the household
insect above referred to, and it is still unknown to me. R. C. L. P.

OR THOP TERA 689

(2) Leptogryllus apicalis, sp. nov.

Colour, size and form generally as in L. nigrolineatus, the tegmina in the male
covering nearly all the metanotum. the posterior femora dark or black for a large extent
on the basal portion. Length ^ 18 mm., hind femora 12 mm.

Hab. Molokai and Maui (3000 ft).

(3) Leptogryllus deceptor, sp. nov.

Extremely like L. nigroliHeaius having the same colouration but distinguished at
once by the small laterally placed tegmina, leaving the metanotum mostly exposed, and
the ovipositor is apparently longer. Female. Length of hind femora 12 mm.;
ovipositor 9 — 10 mm.

Hab. Oahu, 1500 — 2000 ft.

Prognathogryllus Brunn.

The genus Nesogryllus is the male of Prognathogrylltis and was originally separated
largely on account of the quite different cerci. It is noteworthy that in the allied genera
there is no such sexual difference in these organs. The species are difficult and
specimens from the other islands are so close to the Kauai and Oahu forms, as to be
inseparable without a good series of specimens, especially as those taken in numbers
appear to show considerable variation.

MANTOIDEA.

A second species of this group has been imported to the island of Hawaii, where it
is now common in some localities and spreading.

Paratenodera Rehn.
(i) Paratenodera sinensis Sauss.
Hab. Hawaii ; now common on the windward side-; first taken in 1900.

690 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

BLATTOIDEA.

Panchlora Burm.

(i) Panchlora inaderae F.

I omitted this species in my earlier paper on the Orthoptera, although it was
known to me that it had occurred in Maui. It has since been found on Oahu, Molokai
and Hawaii, and is no doubt generally distributed.

DERMAPTERA.

At least three species of earwigs have been imported and become established since
my former list was made up. They are of little importance for the purposes of this
work. The most conspicuous is a species of Labidura.

Labidura Leach.

(i) Labidtira icterica Serv.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu and in the country. It occurs as high as looo ft. or more
in the mountains also.

691

Supplement by R. C. L. Perkins

NEUROPTERA

Vide pp. 31 — 89 hujus tomi.

Fam. HEMEROBIIDAE.

Subfam. CHRYSOPINAE.

Anonialochrysa reticulata P.

At Kilauea, Hawaii, I ha\e taken specimens of an Anonialochrysa agreeing well
with A. reticulata, but they are rather small and, as in many other species, there is
some variation in the neuration. The male characters are remarkable. The apical
dorsal plate is fringed with hairs and bears a specially developed stout spinose one on
each side at the base ; the apical ventral valve is hairy beneath, subtriangular, being
subacute at the apex, which forms a recurved hook. The abdomen has the clothing
normal, the hairs not directed basally, as in A. f rater P., which it much resembles.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

Anonialochrysa rufescens McL.

I suspect that my A. biseriata is the female of A. rufescens McL., the type of
which I have not seen.

Subfam. HEMEROBIINAE.

(i) Nesomici'onins angtilaris, sp. nov.

Head pale, yellowish, clothed with pale hairs, the pronotum also pale, but dark-
spotted at the sides and thereon with dark hairs, rest of thorax pale but more or less
dark in parts, abdomen brownish, with pale hairs. Antennae pale yellowish. Anterior
wings light brown mottled with darker and with a large triangular dark brown or
blackish fuscous triangular area on the basal half, connected with dark spaces on the
costa, apical margin whitish hyaline, this pale area interrupted by a dark space a little
above its middle, neuration pink in the pterostigmatic region. Posterior wings hyaline
with dark fuscous markings along the outer gradate nervures and beyond these, with
a good deal ot tuscous strigulation ; pterostigmatic nervures and many of the others
pink. Front and middle tibiae annulate, the hind ones very long, pale, subfusiform
in shape.

F. H. II. 89

692 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Anterior wings with emarginate apical margin, the costa bisinuate, the dorsal
margin rounded, seven to nine radial sectors, hind wings with apical margin distinctly
concave. Apical dorsal appendages of abdomen long but not extending far beyond the
ventral plate, which is triangular, between the appendages two chitinous spines crossing
one another. Expanse about 16 mm.

Hab. Molokai, 4500 ft.

(2) Nesomici-07ims phaeostictus, sp. nov.

Brownish {after drying) the head above yellow, clypeus and middle of face brown,
antennae pale yellow, the joints fuscous-ringed ; front and middle tibiae conspicuously
dark-ringed.

Wings hyaline, the front pair with four small but conspicuous dark spots on the
basal fourth of the costa, and nearly equidistant one from another, three similar spots
below these on the radius, three nearly equidistant dark blotches on the costa beyond
the small spots, and with one or two other small spots between each of these blotches, a
transversely elongate spot beyond the latter, a spot at the tip of the wing, sometimes
connected with the last of the costal blotches, two elongate dark spots on the apical
margin. For the rest the wings are strigulated with brown or fuscous with darker spots
on the cubitus and the gradate nervules ; the nervures bear conspicuous light and dark
hairs, the former more numerously. Hind wings with seven or eight dark spots on the
costa, a dark suffusion in the costal cells beneath the three or four basal spots, and a
second suffusion beneath two of the other spots ; a large smoky cloud on the lower part
of the apical margin and a small one, distant from this, on the dorsal.

Front wings falcate, the apical margin conspicuously concave, the dorsal margin
nearly straight or faintly concave on the basal half; radius with about seven sectors.
Hind wings with the apical margin distinctly concave. Female : expanse about 16 mm.
Allied to the preceding species.

Hab. Oahu, 1 500 ft. Koolau range.

(3) Nesomicronnis ombrias, sp. nov.

Dark brown or blackish, the lower part of the face testaceous, a pale marking on
the head above, some spots on the pronotum, the mesonotum in the middle in front,
yellowish. Basal two joints of the antennae brown, the following testaceous. Legs
pale, yellowish, the front and middle tibiae with two dark wide rings, the hind pair very
long, dilated after the basal third, with a more or less dark cloud near the base and
another at the apex ; femora also more or less infuscate at apex, apex of abdomen
yellowish.

Front wings darkish brown or fuscous, mottled over most of their surface with pale
spots or strigulations, interrupting the dark nervures with pale spaces, the gradate

NEUROPTERA 693

nervules dark and with darker suffusion at their sides, especially the outer series. The
dilated costal cells form the clearest part of the wing, beyond the outer gradate nervules
the mottling is sparse but there is a marginal series of five or six conspicuous pale spots,
widely separated from one another, extending from the apical on to the dorsal margins.
There is a large basal area between the radius and dorsal margin of a generally darker
colour than the rest of the wing, forming a large blotch, angulated below and more or
less curved above, where it is broken by pale spaces about the cubital nervures. About
its angle it is uniformly dark. Hind wings smoky hyaline, iridescent, with a con-
spicuously darker smoky area along the dorsal margin, on the basal third or fourth of
the wingf length.

Front wings rounded at the tips, apical margin not at all excised, costa strongly
curved on its basal part, where the costal cells are unusually high. Six sectors to the
radius. Apical segment of the abdomen raised or somewhat bent back, angulately
emarginate in dorsal aspect, the appendices in side view elongate triangular, bluntly
pointed, conspicuously clothed with curved hairs, extending far beyond the apical
ventral segment. Male: expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Oahu ; mountains near Honolulu, 1500 ft.

ODONATA.
Fam. AGRIONIDAE.

The Hawaiian species referred to the genus Agrion, I believe, are none of them
really referable to that genus, and the species though apparently all allied to one another,
yet themselves form a number of groups. Probably in the hands of a specialist the
whole will form a peculiar genus, with several subgenera. I have previously spoken of
the great variability exhibited by the various species, and were it not for the characters
shown by the terminal appendages of abdomen in the $, the difficulty of separating the
species would be intense. Having now examined many more specimens from the
different islands, I am the more convinced of the extreme importance of these characters.
In many species, if one only had the extreme forms, one would certainly consider these
to form distinct species, but when one has large series, especially from different localities
and different islands, one finds that the apparently strong distinctions between extremes,
apart from those afforded by the appendages, all vary and intermediate forms occur.
Characters usually considered of specific, or even of more than specific importance,
whether of colour, size, neuration, etc. all vary and one is finally driven to the male
structures to find constant characters.

The following tabulation is probably a fairly natural grouping of the species that I
have examined. It is based on the male characters.

89—2

694 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

1. Superior appendages of the $ abdomen short, the inferior ones extending

behind them ; most of the abdominal segments dark and metallic, and
at most with a pale band at the base ; lower appendages bidentate at

the apex or obliquely truncate in side view A. xanthomelas, pacificum, nigra hamatum.

Without some or all of the above characters 2.

2. Superior appendages generally shorter than the lower and with a black tooth on

the inner side towards the base, this tooth being usually directed upwards ;

abdomen largely red A. oresitrophum, orobates, leptodemas, calliphya.

Without some or any of these characters 3-

3. Legs mostly dark brown or black ; abdomen usually black or pitchy and

metallic, rarely with red segments behind the two basal ones ; insect often
with more or less whitish pruinosity ; upper appendages in lateral view

emarginate at apex so as to form two apical processes or teeth

A. koelense, asteliae, amaurodytiim, eudvium, adyUim.
Without some or all of these characters 4-

4. Upper appendages extremely long and forcipate, dilated only at the extreme

base A. nesiotes.

Appendages not so formed 5-

5. Upper appendages turned outwards, their broad surface exposed in dorsal

aspect ; apical abdominal segment strongly and obliquely raised from

base to apex A. oahuense.

Without these characters 6.

6. Postcostal area of front wings with a single row of cellules, rarely with a few

divided, to form a double row; abdomen slender or very slender

A. deceptor, vagabundum, kauaiense, molokaietise, Jugonim.
Postcostal area of front wings always with a double row of cellules for a
considerable part ; species of large size and the abdomen relatively stout
compared with the above species A. oceantcum, blackburni, heierogamias.

The last three species form the genus Megalagrion of McLachlan, but individuals
of some of the preceding group might be included therein.

(i) Agrion culver ti, sp. no v.

Head dull black, apex of clypeus and labrum, orbits to the height of the antennae,
mouth-parts and a spot on the basal joint of the antennae yellow or cream-coloured.
Postocular spots orange, not connected. Prothorax yellow in front and at the sides.
Dorsum of mesothorax black with purplish metallic lustre, a spot on each side in front
connected with a sutural line not reaching the hind margin, a spot on each side near this
margin, a band on the sides of the mesothorax extending back from the middle coxae
for less than half its length, but represented by a detached spot near the hind margin,
the whole lower part of the mesopleura extending back from the posterior coxae to the
hind margin, except a spot posteriorly, yellow. Median longitudinal ridge of mesonotum
reddish. Legs with the femora and tibiae sordid brownish or fuscous above, beneath
and the trochanters yellow, the coxae infuscate in part. Abdomen black or pitchy, with
a green metallic lustre, basal segment yellow at the sides and with very narrowly pale
apical margin, third to the seventh with narrow yellow basal band, terminal segment
reddish, but sordid in parts.

NEUROPTERA 695

Front wings with about 18 postcubitals, the stigma fuscous, its lower side covering
one cellule ; three cellules between the quadrilateral and the nodus. Postpterostigmatic
cellules forming a single row.

Apical abdominal segment broadly emarginate ; the superior appendages about as
long as this, dilated on more than their basal half, the dilated part reddish and without a
distinct tooth on its lower margin apically, at most with a very minute notch in the
margin just before its apical angle. Seen from above the upper appendages are slightly
curved inwardly at the tips, the lower ones are red, black at the acute tips, and more
strongly curved inwards.

Length of abdomen 35 mm., expanse about 45 mm. Female not known. Colour
variation not known.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu, 1200 ft. Named after Prof. P. Calvert.

Agt'ion adytum var. tillyai'di nov.

Very slender and elongate, head and thorax dull black, the latter with slight
metallic reflection. Face black, apex of clypeus and labrum and the orbits to about
the height of the insertion of the antennae white or pale-coloured. Occipital margin of
the vertex red ; postocular spots wanting. Prothorax with the front margin yellow, as
also the whole underside ; dorsum of mesothorax with a yellow spot on each side at the
base, sometimes continued back as a fine sutural line to or nearly to the wings ; sides of
thorax yellowish, sometirries with a black spot in front of the insertion of the hind wings,
or with a continuous black longitudinal band in place of this spot. Thorax posteriorly
reddish. Legs for the most part blackish or brown above, yellow beneath, as also are
the tarsi for the most part above ; spines long slender and black. Basal two abdominal
segments black, the first yellowish or red at the base, sides, and along the apical margin,
the second with red apical margin and yellow on the sides, third segment reddish pitchy
or pitchy black and this like the preceding sometimes submetallic, the apex still darker,
fourth, fifth and base of sixth segments either quite red or else pitchy, the apices darker,
seventh with the extreme base red, eighth entirely red, or only its extreme base red,
two last segments red, sometimes more or less sordid or infuscate. Appendages red,
the tips black. Beneath the abdomen is yellow or reddish.

Front wings with 16 — 20 postcubital cellules before the stigma, the latter wine-red,
overlying one and part of a second cell, three cellules between the quadrilateral and the
nodus. Superior appendages t as long as the terminal segment, much dilated basally,
when viewed inwardly ; in external profile view emarginate at apex to form a large
superior and small inferior process or tooth, both of which are black, the upper ones
seen from above a little bent inwards at the tip , lower appendages acute at tips, which
reach back to the small tooth of the upper ones.

696 FAUNA HAWAII EN SIS

The postpterostigmatic cellules do not form a double series as is usual in A.
eudytum P., though sometimes one or more of them is petiolate. Length of abdomen
35 mm. ; expanse about 50 mm. I do not know the female.

Hab. Kauai; near Lihue on a mountain stream. Named for Mr R. J. Tillyard,
who has done so much work on Australian Odonata.

(2) Agrion tvillianisoni, sp. nov.

Agrees generally in size and appearance with the darker example of A. tillyardi,
but the prothorax is black or dark above anteriorly, and the middle and hind tibiae are
less dark or embrowned; the second abdominal segment is dark at the sides, unicolorous
with the dorsal surface ; antepenultimate segment with only its extreme apical margin
red, the terminal segment, with an apical red band, occupying about half its whole
surface. Pterostigma fuscous, only a little red-tinged.

Superior appendages of the male strongly curved inwards, minutely tuberculate at
the tip, strongly dilated beneath on the basal two-thirds or more of their length, the
dilatation forming a great prominent angle, but bearing no spine or tooth. Lower
appendages pale and dilated at the base, black on the apical portion and acute at the
tips, about as long as the superior appendages. Female not known.

Hab. Kauai ; in the same locality as A. adytum var. tillyardi. Named for
Mr E. B. Williamson of Indiana.

697

Supplement by R. C. L. Perkins

DIPTERA.

Vide Tom. iii. hujus operis, pp. i — 92.

Fam. PIPUNCULIDAE.
(i) Pipunctihis vulcanus, sp. nov.

Head with the front and face black, with inconspicuous fuscous tomentum and in
the female smooth and shining for half the distance between the ocelli and antennae ;
posteriorly the head is greyish tomentose, at least towards the sides, but not densely so.
Antennae entirely dark, black or piceous, third joint acuminately produced at the apex.
Mesonotum somewhat shining, especially in the male, with hardly noticeable fuscous
tomentum, and further clothed with short and sparse, but very distinct, erect, black
hairs ; in the female the sides as far as the tegulae and the anterior margin with a
narrow border of whitish tomentum ; the pleura with sparse whitish tomentum in both
sexes ; scutellum with a marginal fringe of bristly hairs, which are more developed than
the mesonotal ones; metanotum with whitish tomentum. All the legs entirely dark
above, the femora being black or very dark brown, with short bristly black or spinose
hairs beneath, the middle ones with a very regular series of longer hairs, curved
downwards, on their posterior face ; tibiae often less dark than the femora, piceous
or reddish pitchy, and without special bristles on the hind pair ; tarsi black, or at least
dark, above. Wings strongly infumate or fuscous in the male, nearly clear in the
female, third costal segment much shorter than the fourth, posterior cross-vein obliquely
transverse, its upper extremity about opposite the apex of the second longitudinal,
terminal segment of fourth distinctly bisinuate ; stigma brown. Abdomen shining on
the apical segments of the male, very little tomentose except rather obscurely on the
apical part of the basal segment, which has the lateral series of bristles well developed,
the rest of the abdomen bearing short black hairs. In the female the abdomen is
greyish tomentose and clothed with short black hairs, dull, except the fifth segment.
Length 3'5 — 4 mm.

Allied to P. jiivator, a variable and widely distributed species, which is found with
it, and also occurs on other of the islands. Superficially P. vidcmms is most readily
distinguished by the darker legs.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea.

698 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Pipunathts acroihrix, sp. nov.

Female black, the abdomen shining metallic aeneous-black. Face below the
antennae with dense white tomentum, that on the head posteriorly more fuscous.
Third antennal joint clear yellow, the beak thin and long, white. Mesonotum with
thin fuscous tomentum, dense only at the sides, sparsely and shortly pilose ; marginal
bristles of scutellum well developed ; metanotum and pleura with denser yellowish grey
tomentum. Wings long and clear, neuration as in P. vtdcanus, stigma brown, about
half as long as the fourth costal segment. All the coxae dark, the trochanters and
tibiae all clear yellow, the femora of this colour at base and apex, the middle being
black, the tarsi, except the basal joint, being more or less dark above. Posterior tibiae
with three or four long bristles outwardly near the middle. Abdomen with a distinct
band of pale tomentum on the basal segment, the rest brightly shining and clothed with
short hairs, the fifth at the apex with many long black bristles. Length 475 mm.

Very distinct by the colour of the legs, bristles of hind tibiae, the metallic colour
and clothing of fifth abdominal segment.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea. Male not known to me.

(3) Piptmctihis pyrophilus, sp. nov.

Deep black, more or less shining, especially the male, the very sparse tomentum
of the surface being mostly fuscous and nowhere conspicuous, except perhaps an apical
band on the first abdominal segment of the female. Legs in both sexes entirely black,
or at most a trifle reddish or pitchy at some of the articulations. Antennae entirely
black ; the face of the female above the antennae not at all shining.

General appearance that of a minute P. vidcamis, but easily distinguished by being
even more entirely black in both sexes ; by the erect hairs of the mesonotum, which are
unusually long, and as well, or almost as well, developed as the scutellar bristles. Wings
smoky hyaline, differing very little in the sexes, though rather darker in the male.
Stigma very short compared with the long fourth costal segment. Neuration generally
as in P. vulcanus. Abdominal hairs black, longer in the female than in the male.
Length 3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea. Attached to one or both of the small Delphacid leaf-
hoppers, that are so common on Raillardia around the crater.

(4) Pipunculus holoinelas, sp. nov.

Female entirely black and for the most part shining, the antennae entirely dark,
piceoVs. Mesonotum apparently without tomentum (? abraded) shining and with very
short erect hairs, metanotum with greyish tomentum. Halteres pale in the middle,
more or less dark at base and apex. Legs with the coxae and femora black, the

DIPTERA 699

trochanters and some of the articulations alone being more or less yellowish or brown,
tibiae and tarsi piceous or dark brown above. Posterior tibiae with three or four long
bristles outwardly about the middle. Wings nearly clear, only slightly smoky, neuration
much as in P. vuicamis. Abdomen with greyish tomentum on the first two segments,
the rest deep black and shining, the ovipositor yellow, short and strong. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Molokai ; readily known from the other species, that have the long bristles
on the hind tibiae, by the almost entirely dark legs. The male will no doubt have
darker wings as is usual in Hawaiian species.

(5) Pipunculus juvator P.
P.JHvator Perkins, Bull. H. S. P. A. Exp. Station i. 152.
Hab. Hawaii, Oahu and no doubt other of the islands.

(6) Pipunculus oahuensis P.
P. oahuensis Perkins, loc. cit. p. 153.
Hab. Oahu, 100 — 1000 ft.

(7) Pipunculus terryi P.
P. terryi Perkins, loc. cit. pp. 153 and 154.
Hab. Kauai, Lihue in cane-fields.

(8) Pipunculus siveezeyi P.
P. sweezeyi Perkins, loc. cit. p. 1 54.
Hab. Oahu, 1500 — 1800 ft. not usually common.

(9) Pipunculus hawaiiensis P.
P. hawaiiensis Perkins, loc. cit. p. 155.
Hab. Hawaii, Hamakua, 1200 ft.

Fam. DROSOPHILIDAE.

( 1 ) Idiomyia heteroneura, sp. nov.
Front yellow or golden with a dark transverse mark anteriorly, orbits posteriorly
and the vertical triangle dark, forming part of a transverse dark band, face yellow,
antennae reddish yellow, the third joint blackish, the proboscis and palpi yellow.
Thorax yellowish, two narrow black stripes, well separated, extend on each side of
the middle from the anterior margin for about two-thirds of the length of the
mesonotum ; just external to these anteriorly is a largish black spot on each side
F. H. II. 90

700 . FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

and behind their middle externally on each side there starts another black stripe
reaching to the scutellum, while between them on the posterior half of the mesonotum
is a median dark stripe (or perhaps two very closely apposed stripes). Scutellum dark
on the disc, but broadly bordered with yellow, metanotum mostly dark ; pleura with
three or four dark spots. Halteres yellow. Legs yellowish, tips of tibiae noticeably
infuscate. Wings hyaline, their base as far as the apex of the first vein for the most
part infuscate, the infuscation irregular in depth and distribution, marginal cell infuscate,
as well as the tip of the wing on either side of the apex of the second, third and fourth
veins ; transverse veins and a small portion of the fourth longitudinal vein just before
the apical one of the two transverse veins that are between it and the third, distinctly
infuscate on each side. This second or apical transverse vein oblique, placed much
before the posterior transverse, the sector of the fourth vein between these being not
much shorter than the first named. Abdominal segments hairy, more or less shining,
black medially and apically, so as to leave a well-marked series of yellow spots on each
side. Ovipositor reddish yellow.

Hab. Hawaii.

(2) Idioviyia silvestris, sp. nov.

Front golden yellow, the orbits as far as the apical fronto-orbital bristle, the vertical
triangle and a band connecting these posteriorly, blackish and with grey tomentum ;
face, palpi and proboscis yellow. Antennae dark, the second joint pitchy brown, the
arista with about four bristles beneath, the basal jDart being bare, and about nine above.
Mesonotum yellowish, most of its surface suffused with brown or blackish infuscation,
forming vague lines and spots, but not a definite pattern ; scutellum dark brownish
black, metanotum black, tomentose ; mesopleura mostly blackish. Halteres pale
yellow. Legs yellowish or brownish yellow with the middle and hind femora dark
brown or blackish, the tibiae also more or less dark. Wings hyaline, basally as far as
the termination of the first vein largely but irregularly infuscate, marginal cell faintly
brownish, tip of wing darkly infuscate on either side of veins two, three and four.
Transverse veins infuscate, as also the part of vein four just before the origin of the
second or apical of the two transverse veins between it and the third. This second
transverse vein is oblique and placed much before the posterior cross-vein, so that the
sector of the fourth that lies between them is not much shorter than this second
transverse vein itself. Abdomen black, at the base a little pale, pilose and shining, the
ovipositor paler.

Hab. Hawaii.

PART I. 1898.

1. The anatomy and development of Pcripatus novae-britauniae. By Arthur Willey, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.

2. Mctaprotella sandalcnsis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER. With 6 figures in the text.

3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.

4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X. and XI.

PART II. 1899.

7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVI.

8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.

9. Holothurians. By F. P. Bedford, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By Isa L. Hiles, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III. 1899.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV.— XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR

Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and seven text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. Shipley, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. 1900.

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsainmia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By WALTER E. COLLINGE, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera zvil/ejana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. Lister, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

PART V. 1900.

28. A Description of the Entozoa collected by Dr Willey during his sojourn in the Western

Pacific. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A. With Plates LIV.— LVI.

29. On some South Pacific Nemertines collected by Dr Willey. By R. C. PUNNETT.

With Plates LVII.— LXI.

30. On the Young of the Robber Crab. By L. A. Borradaile, M.A. With figures in the text.

31. Anatomy of Neohelia porcellana (Moseley). By Edith M. Pratt, M.Sc.

With Plates LXI I. and LXI 1 1.

32. On a new Blind Snake from Lifu, Loyalty Islands. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

With figures in the text.

33. On Crustacea brought by Dr Willey from the South Seas. By the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S.

With Plates LXIV.— LXXIV.

PART VI. 1902.

34. Contribution to the Natural History of the Pearly Nautilus. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, D.Sc, F.R.S.

I. Personal Narrative. II. Special Contribution.
With Plates LXXV.— LXXXIII., a map and fifteen text-figures.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

aonOon; FETTER LANE, E.G.

C. F. CLAY, Manager

INDEX

TO ALL THE THREE VOLUMES

The arable numerals refer to the page. The roman numerals i, ii and iii refer to the Vol., but roman numerals

beyond iii refer to the page of the Introduction
Names of families are in clarendon type, and in the alphabetical arrangement the taxonomical termination idae

is treated as non-existent

Abanchogastra Perk, ii 679
debilis Perk, ii 680

Ablepharus Fitz. i 368

boutonii Wieg. i 368

Acalles Schonh. ii 131

augusticollis Sharp ii 135
callichroma sp. n. ii 132
chlorolepis sp. n. ii 136
decoratus Blackb. ii 135
duplex Sharp ii 135
frater sp. n. ii 133
humeralis sp. n. ii 132
ignotus Blackb. ii 136
innotabilis sp. n. ii 134
koae sp. n. ii 133
lanaiensis sp. n. ii 136
lateralis Sharp ii 131
leptothorax sp. n. ii 134
mauiensis Blackb. ii 135
melanolepis sp. n. ii 132
nionticola sp. n. ii 138
nigripennis sp. n. ii 136
oahuensis sp. n. ii 138
pallidicollis sp. n. ii 137
pusillissimus sp. n. iii 653
tuberculatus sp. n. ii 137

Acanthaspidae Leth. & Sev. iii 150

Acanthiidae iii 146, cciii

Acanthia Fabr. iii 146, xlix

exulans White iii 146, ii 554
humifera Kirk, ii 554
lectularia Fabr. iii 129
nubigena Kirk, ii 554
oahuensis Blackb. iii 146, ii
procellaris Kirk, ii 554

Acanthocephala ii 434

Acanthocinides ii 113

Acarina iii 702

Achatina accincta Migh. ii 356
adusta Gould ii 373
bicolor Jay ii 373
chrysallis Pfeiff. ii 358
cochlea Reeve ii 373
decora Fer. ii 304
fuliginea Pfeifif. ii 373
gravida F6r. ii 349
lorata F^r. ii 303
luteola F^r. ? ii 346
newcombi Pfeiff li 374
oahuensis Green ii 346
obeliscus Reeve ii 374

F. H.

554

Achatina sandwicensis Pfeiff. ii 368

sculpta Pfeiff. ii 368

spirizona Fdr. ii 344

turricula Migh. ii 374

turritella F^r. li 346
Achatinellidae ii 296, xxx, Ixiii, Ixv, Ixx
Achatinella ii 298

abbreviata Reeve {^Bulimella) ii 305

accincta Gould ii 356

acuminata Gould ii 357

acuta Newc. ii 349

acuta Swains, ii 344

adamsi Newc. ii 314

adusta Reeve ii 327

affinis Newc. ii 333

alba Nutt. ii 303

albescens Gul. ii 323

albospira Smith ii 298

alexandri Newc. ii 348

amcena Pfeiff. {Frickeila) ii 379

ampla Newc. {Buliinella) ii 305

ampulla Gul. ii 318

anceyana Baldw. {Partuli)ui) ii 311

anthonii Newc. ii 353

apexfulva Dixon ii 298

apicata Pfeiff. ii 299

apicata alba var. n. ii 299

aplustre Newc. ii 321

aptycha Pfeiff. (Newcombia) ii 311

aptycha Pfeiff. {Partulina) ii 311

assimilis Newc. ii 334

augusta Smith {Achat inellastriim) ii 321

bacca Reeve ii 305

baileyana Gul. ii 318

baldwinii Newc. ii 339

bella Ree\'e {Acliatincllasfruvi) ii 321

bellula Smith ii 325

bicolor Pfeiff. ii 299

bilineata Reeve {Achatitiellastrum) ii 321

biplicata Newc. ii 334

boetica Migh. ii 344

brevis Pfeiff. ii 353

buddii Newc. {Achati/iellasfntin) ii 321

bulbosa Gul. ii 351

bulimoides Swains. {Bulimella) ii 306, 309

byronii Wood {Bulimella) ii 306

callosa Pfeiff. {Labiella) ii 358

canaliculata Baldw. {Newcombia) ii 331

casta Newc. {Achatinellastrum) ii 322

castanea Reeve ii 327

cerea Pfeiff. ii 376

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Achatinella cervina Gul. {Achatinellastrum) ii 322
cestus Newc. ii 300
chamissoi Pfeiff. {Auriciilella) ii 376
cinerea var. n. ii 305
cinerosa Pfeiff. {Buliinelld) ii 302
cingula Migh. ii 359
cinnamomea Pfeiff. {Newcombia) ii 331
citrina Pfeiff. ii 348
clara Pfeiff. ii 370

Clementina Pfeiff. {Achatincllasirum) ii 305
coesia Gul. ii 321
cognata Gul. ii 322

colorata Reeve {Achatinellastrum) ii 322
compta Pease {Pariulina) ii 311
concavospira Pfeiff. ii 303
concidens Gul. ii 301
concinna Newc. ii 348
concolor Smith {Achatinellastnun) ii 322
confusa nom. n. {Partiilina) ii 312
consanguinea Smith ii 325
contracta Gul. ii 323
cookei Baldw. {Apex) ii 300
cornea Newc. ii 335
corneola Pfeiff. ii 360
corrugata Gul. ii 309
corusca Gul. ii 319
costulata Gul. ii 360
crassa Newc. {Partiilina) ii 312
crassidentata Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 32
crassilabrum Newc. ii 335
crocea Gul. ii 314
crystallina Gul. ii 361
cucumis Gul. {Achatinellastnon) ii 322
cumingi Newc. ii 331
cuneus Pfeiff. {Achatinellastnun) ii 323
curta Newc. {Achatinellastrum) ii 323
cylindrica Newc. ii 335
decepta C. B. Adams ii 347
decipiens Newc. {Bulimella) ii 307
decora Fer. ii 301, 304
delta Gul. {Achatinellastrum) ii 323
dentata Pfeiff. ii 365
deshayesii Mor. ii 334
diluta Smith {Achatinellastrum) ii 323
dimidiata Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 359
dimondi C. B. Adams ii 350
dimorpha Gul. ii 323
dolei Baldw. {Partulina) ii 312
dolium Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 302
dubia Newc. {Partulina) ii 312
dunkeri Pfeiff. ii 326
dwightii Newc. {Partulina) ii 313
eburnea Gul. ii 318
elegans Newc. {Bulimella) ii 308
elevata Pfeiff. ii 363
ellipsoidea Gould ii 336
elongata Newc. ii 349
emmersonii Newc. ii 325
ernestina Baldw. {Achatinellastrum) ii 324
exilis Gul. ii 361
extincta Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 336
faba Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 307
fasciata Gul. ii 318
flavescens Newc. ii 337
forbesiana Pfeiff. ii 300
formosa Gul. {Achatinellastrum) ii 324
fragilis Gul. ii 363
fricki Pfeiff. ii 307

fulgens Newc. {Achaiinellastrum) ii 324
fuliginosa (iould. ii 346
fulva Pfeiff. ii 319

Achatinella fumosa Newc. ii 362
fusca Newc. ii 362
fuscobasis Smith ii 310
fuscolineala Smith ii 327
fuscozona Smith ii 321
fuscula Gul. ii 362
fusiformis Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 340
fusoidea Newc. {Partulina) ii 313
gemma Pfeiff. {Newcombia) ii 331
germana Newc. {Achatinellastrum) ii 324
gigantea Newc. ii 347
glabra Newc. {Bulimella) ii 307
glauca Gul. ii 329

globosa Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 304
glutinosa Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 363
goniostoma Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 333
gouldi Newc. {Partulina) ii 313
gracilis Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 363
grana Newc. ii 363
granifera Gul. ii 356
gravida F^r. ii 349
grayana Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 337
grisea Newc. {Partulina) ii 313
grossa Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 341
gummea Gul. ii 363
guttula Gould ii 363
hanleyana Pfeiff. ii 302
havvaiiensis Baldw. {Partulina) ii 316
hayseldeni Baldw. {Partulina) ii 313
helena Newc. ii 330
helvina Baldw. {Laminella) ii 350
herbacea Gul. ii 307
horneri Baldw. {Partulina) ii 313
humilis Newc. ii 337
hybrida Newc. ii 326
induta Gul. ii 314
inflata Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 337
innotabilis Smith ii 301
inornata Migh. ii 346
intermedia Newc. ii 338
irregularis Pfeiff. ii 338
johnsoni Newc. ii 321
juddii Baldw. {Achatinellastrum) ii 324
juncea Gul. ii 322
kauaiensis Newc. {Carinella) ii 355
labiata Newc. ii 365
lacrima Gul. ii 363
lactea Gul. ii 319
lagena Gul. ii 365

lehuiensis Smith {Achatinellastrum) ii 324
leucochila Gul. ii 365
leucophaea Gul. ii 301
leucorraphe Gul. ii 302
ligata Smith {Achatinellastrum) ii 325
lignaria Gul. {Partulina) ii 314
liliacea Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 328
limbata Gul. ii 306
lineolata Newc. ii 338, 365
livida Pfeiff. ii 327
livida Swa. {Achatinellastrum) ii 325
longispira Smith {Achatinellastrum) ii 325
lorata Fer. ii 303
lorata Reeve ii 308
luctuosa Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 338
lurida Pfeiff. {Auriculella) ii 376
luteostoma Baldw. {Bulimella) ii 308
lymaniana Baldw. {Bulimella) ii 308
lyonsiana Baldw. {Bulimella) ii 308
magna C. B. Adams ii 339
maliogani Gul. li 306
manoaensis Newc. {Amastra) ii 347

INDEX

Achatinella margarita Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 356
niarginata Gul. ii 366
marniorata Gould {Pariuliita) ii 314
mastersi Newc. ii 339
mauiensis Pfeiff. ii 330
melampoides Pfeiff. ii 347
melanosis Newc. ii 339
melanostoma Newc. ii 306
niicans Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 350
microstoma Gould ii 345
mighelsiana Pfeiff. (Parlii/ina) ii 314
modesta C. B. Adams ii 339
moesta Newc. ii 340
monacha Pfeiff. ii 303
morbida Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 315
morbida Pfeiff. \PartuIiiui) ii 315
mucida Baldw. {Pa>-tiili)ta) ii 315
mucronata Newc. ii. 340
multicolor Pfeiff. ii 309
multilineata Newc. ii 303

multizonata Baldw. {Achatinellastrum) ii 325
mustelina Migh. ii 301
myrrhea Gul. ii 313
napus Pfeiff. {Achatiiiellastruui) ii 303
natii Baldw. cS; Hartm. {Achattnellastrum) ii 326
neglecta Smith ii 301
nigra Newc. ii 340
nittida Newc. ii 366
nivea Baldw. {PartiiHna) ii 315
nivosa Newc. ii 305
nobilis Pfeiff. ii 303
nubilosa Migh. ii 341
nucleola Gould ii 353
nucleola Reeve ii 333
nympha Gul. ii 306
obclavata Pfeiff. (Leptacliatina) ii 368
obeliscus Pfeiff. ii 377
obesa Newc. ii 354
obesa var. agglutinans Newc. ii 353
obliqua Gul. ii 306
obscura Newc. ii 340
obtusa Newc. ii 366
octogyrata Gul. ii 366
olivacea Reeve {AihatineUastrum) ii 326
ooniorpha Gul. ii 306
ornata Newc. ii 330
or>za Pfeiff. {Leptacliatina) ii 367
ovata Newc. (Bittimetla) ii 308
oviformis Pfeiff. {BiiUinella) ii 309
ovum Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrunt) ii 303
pallida Nutt. ii 303

papyracea Gul. (Achatinellastrtim) ii 326
parvula Gul. ii 372
perdi.\ Reeve {Partulina) ii 315
perforata Gul. ii 319
perversa Swains, ii 301
petila Gul. ii 367
petricola Newc. ii 341
pexa Gul. ii 321
pfeifferi Newc. ii 332
phaeozona Gul. ii 308
physa Newc. {Partulina) ii 312, 316
pica Swains, ii 298
picta Migh. ii 350
planospira Pfeiff. ii 307
platystyla Gul. ii 307
plicata Pfeiff. ii 332
plumata Gul. ii 321
plumbea Gul. {Partulina) ii 316
polita Newc. {Achatinellastriun) ii 326
polymorpha Gul. ii 299

Achatinella porcellana Newc. {Partulina) ii 316
porphyria Newc. ii 341
producta Reeve {Achatinellastruni) ii 326
proxima Pease {Partulina) ii 316
pulchella Pfeiff. {Achatinellastruin) ii 304
pulcherrima Reeve ii 328
pulcherrima Swains, ii 306
pulla Pfeiff. ii 342
pumila Gul. ii 339
pupoidea Newc. ii 342
pusilla Newc. ii 342
pygmjea Smith ii 323
pyramidalis Gul. {Partulina) ii 317
pyramis Pfeiff. ii 367
radiata Gould {Partulina) ii 317
radiata Pfeiff. ii 310
recta Newc. ii 306

redfieldi Newc. (Partulina) ii 317, Ixvii
reevei C. B. Adams li 325
remyi Newc. ii 351
resinula Gul. ii 368
reticulata Newc. ii 343
rhodoraphe Smith ii 323
rosea Swains. {Bulimella) ii 309
rotunda Gul. {Bulimella) ii 309
rubens Gould ii 343
rubens Pfeiff. ii 339
rubiginosa Newc. ii 310
rudis Pfeiff. ii 344
rufa Newc. {Partulina) ii 318
rugosa Newc. {Bulimella) ii 309
rutila Newc. ii 311

saccata Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 327
saccula Hartm. {Liptachatina) ii. 368
sanguinea Newc. ii 351
saxatilis Gul. ii 368
scitula Gul. ii 307
semicarinata Newc. ii 320
semicostata Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 369
sericea Pfeiff. {Laminelld) ii 343
simulans Reeve ii 304
solida Gul. ii 318

solitaria Newc. {Achatinellastrum) ii 327
sordidum Newc. ii 304
soror Newc. ii 351
sowerbyana Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 310
spadicea Gul. ii 308
splendida Newc. {Partulina) ii 31S
spirizona Fer. ii 344
stewarti Green ii 328
straminea Reeve ii 352
striatella Gul. ii 370
striatula Gould ii 370
subrostrata Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 345
subula Gul. ii 363
subvirens Newc. ii 311
succincta Newc. ii 370
suffusa Reeve ii 350
sulcata Pfeiff. {Newcombia) ii 332
swainsoni PfeitT. {Bulimella) ii 304
swiftii Newc. ii 300
taeniolata Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 310
talpina Gul. ii 313

tappaniana C. B. Adams {Partulina) ii 3 if
terebra Newc. {Partulina) ii 319
terebralis Gul. ii 371
teres Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 371
tessellata Newc. {Partulina) ii 319, Ixvi
tetrao Newc. ii 352
te.xtilis F<fr. ii 345
theodorei Baldw. {Partulina) ii 330, Ixvii

A 2

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Achatinella torrida Gul. ii 309

transversalis Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 345
tricolor Smith ii 32S
trilineata Gul. {Achatinellastrutn) ii 327
tristis Fifr. ii 346
triticea Gul. ii 367
tuba Gul. ii 318
turgida Newc. ii 300
turrita Gul. ii 372
turritella F^r. ii 346
umbilicata Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 341
undosa Gul. ii 315
undulata Newc. ii 323
ustulata Gul. {Partulina) ii 319 _
valida Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 300
variabilis Newc. {Par/ulina) ii 319
variegata Pfeiff. ii 347
ventrosa Pfeiff. ii 303
ventulus Fdr. ii 345, 347
venulata Newc. ii 326
venusta Migh. ii 352
versicolor Gul. ii 301

versipellis Gul. {AchatineUasfruiii) ii 327
vespertina Baldw. ii 299
vestita Migh. ii 304
vidua Pfeiff. {BiilimcUa) ii 310
violacea Newc. ii 347
virens Gul. ii 327
virgulata Migh. [Parttdhia) ii 320
viridans Migh. (Bulimelhi) ii 310
viridans Pfeiff. ii 307
viridans Reeve ii 325
vittata Reeve ii 304
vitrea Newc. ii 372
vitreola Gul. ii 372
vulpitia Fdr. {AchntineUastruvi) ii 327
wailuaensis sp. n. {Achatinellastruni) ii 32
wheatleyi Newc. ii 307
zebra Newc. ii 330
zonata Gul. {Achatinellastrum) ii 329
Achatinellastrum Pfeiff. ii 320
conspersa Pfeiff. ii 343
olesonii Baldw. ii 329
Achorutidae iii 302
Acompse suavis Kocli. ii 511
Acridiodea ii 8, 687, ccxiv
Acritochaeta gen. n. iii 41, 84

pulvinata sp. n. iii 42
Acritus Lee. iii 511

angustisternum sp. n. iii 528

angustus sp. n. iii 531

basalis Lee. iii 522

basalis var. Sharp iii 522

concentricus Sharp iii 531

facilis Sharp iii 517

facilis var. hawaiiensis var. n. iii 517

flavitarsis Lew. iii 532

germanus sp. n. iii 523

longipes var. haleakalae var. n. iii 530

insolitus sp. n. iii 532

insularis Sharp iii 515

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 51S

kukuiae sp. n. iii 519

longipes Sharp iii 529

makaweliae sp. n. iii 521

mauiae sp. n. iii 519

minor sp. n. iii 516

molokaiae sp. n. iii 518

monticola Hlackb. iii 527

nepos sp. n. iii 526, 527

ornatus sp. n. iii 516

Acritus parvulus sp. n. iii 533
perkinsi sp. n. iii 529
pulchellus sp. n. iii 528
punctatus sp. n. iii 520
sculptus sp. n. iii 520
similis sp. n. iii 527
solitarius sp. (?) n. iii 532
subalatus sp. n. iii 530
subbasalis sp. n. iii 523
subrotundus sp. n. iii 533
waianaae sp. n. iii 522
Acrodrepanis Perk, iii 355

megalophylla Meyr. iii 355
nesiotis Perk, iii 355
Acrolepia Crt. i 726

aureonigrella sp. n. i 727
autumnitella Crt. i 726
Acrosticta Loew. iii 44i,85

pallipes sp. n. iii 44, 85
Acrulocercus Cab. i 440, xx.\i
apicalis Gould i 445
bishopi Rothsch. i 445
braccatus Cass, i 445
nobilis Merr. i 445
Actidium Matth. iii 535

sharpianum Matth. iii 535
Adelencyrtus Ashm. i 323

kaalae sp. n. i 323
Adelocera Latr. iii 368

modesta Boisd. iii 368
Adenoneura gen. n. i 677

falsifalcellum sp. n. i 677
latifemoris sp. n. i 679
marcidellum sp. n. i 678
montanum sp. n. i 679
plicatum sp. n. i 67S
rufipennis Btl. i 680
Adoretus Cast, iii 402

tenuimaculatus Waterh. iii 402
vitiensis Nonfr. iii 402
Adrastidia gen. n. ii 503

longula sp. n. ii 504
nebulosa sp. n. ii 503
stigniatica sp. n. ii 503
stigmatica Sim. iii 343
Aedia Dp. i 507
Aegosoma Serv. ii 96
hirtus iii 645
reflexum Karsch. ii 96,
Aeletes Horn iii 511

concentricus Sharp iii 531
facilis Sharp iii 517
flavitarsis Lew. iii 532
longipes Sharp iii 529
monticola Blackb. iii 527
Aeolus cinnamomeus Boisd. iii 369
Aeschnina ii 62
Ageleuidae ii 505
Aglaotoma Forst. i 301

molokaiensis sp. n. i 301
rufiventris sp. n. i 301
Agnostochthona Kirk, iii 694

alienigera Kirk, iii 694
Agonismus gen. n. i 512

argentiferus sp. n. i 513
coruscans sp. n. i 513
flavipalpis sp. n. i 512
Agrilus Steph. iii 400, cxxxi

sp. iii 400
Agriolimax Mcirch ii 276

benvenoti Coll. ii 276

645

INDEX

Agriolimax globosus Coll. ii 276
laevis Mull, ii 276
perkinsi Coll. ii 276
sandwichiensis Soul, ii 276

Agrionidae ii 693, xxxii

Agrionina ii 63

Agrion Fabr. ii 63

adytum sp. n. ii 69
adytum var. tillyardi n. ii 695
amaurodytum sp. n. ii 66
asteliae sp. n. ii 66
blackburni M'Lachl. ii 76
calliphya M'-Lachl. ii 71
calverti sp. n. ii 694
deceptor M'^Lachl. ii 74
eudytum sp. n. ii 68
hawaiiense M'Lachl. ii 64
heterogamias sp. n. ii 77
jugorum sp. n. ii 72
kauaiense sp. n. ii 75
koelense Blackb. ii 65
leptodemas sp. n. ii 70
microdemas var. n. ii 71
molokaiense sp. n. ii 73
nesiotes sp. n. ii 72
nigro-hamatum Blackb. ii 65, .\.\xii
oahuense Blackb. ii 74
oceanicum M'Lachl. ii 76
oresitrophum sp. n. ii 69
orobates sp. n. ii 70
pacificum M^Lachl. ii 64
satelles Blackb. ii 74
vagabundum sp. n. ii 75
williamsoni sp. n. ii 696
xanthomelas Selys. ii 64

Agromyzidae iii 74

Agromyza F"all. iii 74

Agrotis Ochs. i 142, iii 346

arenivolanus Butl. i 144
aulacias sp. n. i 145
austalea sp. n. i 152
baliopa sp. n. i 149
ceramophaea sp. n. i 151
chersotoides Butl. i 151
cinctipennis Butl. i 150
cremata Butl. i 145
crinigera Butl. i 148, iii 346
dislocata Walk, i 146, iii 346
epicremna sp. n. i 149
hephaestaea sp. n. iii 346
melanoneura sp. n. i 146
mesotoxa sp. n. i 148
microreas sp. n. i 143
neurogramma sp. n. i 149
panoplias sp. n. i 144
perigramma sp. n. i 145
photophila Butl. i 147, iii 346
psammophaea sp. n. i 151
saucia Hubn. i 143
selenias sp. n. i 150
spoderopa sp. n. i 148
tephrias sp. n. i 147
xiphias sp. n. i 146
ypsilon Rott. i 143, iii 346

Agrypnus modestus Boisd. iii 368

Alaptus Hal. ii 661

immaturus Peik. ii 661

Aleocharini iii 551

Aleyrodidae ii 599

Alitargus Casey iii 418

balteatus Cas. iii 418

Alloeocranum Reut. iii 150

biannulipes M. & S. iii 150
AUolobophora Sav. ii 414

caliginosa Sav. ii 414

foetida Sav. ii 414

limicola Mich, ii 414

nordenskioldii Eisen. ii 414

putris Hoffm. ii 414

rosea Sav. ii 414
Alloniscus Dana ii 524

floresianus Dollf. ii 524
Aloha Kirk, ii 579

ipomoeae Kirk, ii 581

lehuae sp. n. ii 581

inyoporicola sp. n. ii 581

naniicola sp. n. ii 580

oceanides sp. n. ii 580

ohiae sp. n. ii 581

pacifica sp. n. ii 581
Alphitobius Staph, ii 253

diaperinus Panz. ii 253

lateralis Boh. ii 253

piceus 01. ii 253
Alucita Z. (Z.) i 477
Alysiidae i 358, ex
Amalia M.-T. ii 275

babori Coll. ii 275

gagates Urap. ii 276
Amastra H. & A. Adams ii 333, xix, xlvi

affinis Newc. ii 333

alata Pfeiff. {Kai/aia) ii 355

albolabris Newc. ii 333

alexandri Newc. {Laininella) ii 348

amicta Smith ii 333

anthonii Newc. {Ainastrella) ii 353

antiqua Baldw. [Aiiuis/rel/a) ii 353

assimilis Newc. ii 334

aurostoma Baldw. ii 334

badia Baldw. ii 334

biplicata Newc. ii 334

breviata Baldw. ii 334

bulbosa Gul. ii 351

carinata Gul. {Amastrella) ii 353

citrea Sykes ii 335

citrina Pfeiff. {Laminelld) ii 348

concinna Newc. {Lamiitella) ii 348

conicospira Smith ii 335

conifera Smith ii 333

cornea Newc. ii 335

crassilabrum Newc. ii 335

cyclostoma Baldw. {Axiastrella) ii 353

cylindrica Newc. ii 335

decorticata Gul. ii 336

depicta Baldw. {Laiiiinelhi) ii 348

durandi Ancey ii 336

ellipsoidea Gould ii 336

elliptica Gul. ii 336

elongata Newc. (Laininella) ii 349

erecta Pe.ise {Laininella) ii 349

extincta Pfeiff. ii 336

farcimen Pfeiff. [Laininella) ii 349

flavescens Newc. ii 337

fratema Sykes (Laininella) ii 349

frosti Ancey ii 337

gravida Fer. {Laininella) ii 349

grayana Pfeiff. ii 337

heliciformis .Ancey {Kauaia) ii 355

helvina Baldw. {Laininella) ii 350

humilis Newc. ii 337

hutchinsonii Pease {Laininella) ii 350

inflata Pfeiff. ii 337

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Amastra intermedia Newc. ii 338

irregularis Pfeiff. ii 338

kauaiensis Newc. {Kauaia) ii 355

knudseni Baldw. {Kauaia) ii 356

lineolata Newc. ii 338

longa Sykes ii 338

luctuosa Pfeiff. ii 338

magna C. B. Adams ii 339

nialleata Smith ii 339

mastersi Newc. ii 339

melanosis Newc. ii 339

micans Pfeiff. {Laminclla) ii 350

modesta C. B. Adams ii 339

moesta Newc. ii 340

mucronata Newc. ii 340

nana Baldw. ii 340

nigra Newc. ii 340

nigrolabris Smith ii 344

nubilosa Migh. ii 341

nucleola Gould {A mast reiki) ii 353

nucula Smith ii 341

obesa Newc. {AmastreUa) ii 354

peasei Smith ii 341

pellucida Baldw. ii 341

petricola Newc. ii 341

picta Migh. {Laminella) ii 350

porphyria Newc. ii 341

porphyrostoma Pease ii 342

pullata Baldw. ii 342

pupoidea Newc. ii 342

pusilla Newc. ii 342

rernyi Newc. {Lamindla) ii 351

reticulata Newc. ii 343

roseotincta Sykes ii 344

rubens Gould ii 343

rubens Reeve ii 347

rubicunda Baldw. ii 343

rubida Gul. ii 343

rudis Pfeiff. ii 344

rugulosa Pease {Amastrella) ii 354

rustica Gul. ii 333

sanguinea Newc. {Laininella) ii 351

sericea Pfeiff. ii 343

siniilaris Hartm. ii 343

similaris Pease ii 354

simularis Hartm. ii 343

solida Pease ii 344

soror Newc. {Lamiiiella) ii 351

sphaerica Pease {Amasirella) ii 354

spirizona Fi^r. ii 344

straminea Reeve {LainineUa) ii 352

subrostrata Pfeiff. ii 345

tenuilabris Gul. ii 345

tenuispira Baldw. ii 345

tetrao Newc. {Laviinella) ii 352

te.\tilis Fer. ii 345

transversalis Pfeifif. ii 345

tristis Fdr. ii 346

turritella Fdr. ii 346

umbilicata Pfeiff. ii 341

umbrosa Baldw. ii 342

undata Baldw. ii 346

uniplicata Hartm. ii 346

variegata Pfeiff. ii 347

ventulus Fdr. ii 347

venusta Migh. {Laininella) ii 352

vetusta Baldw. {Amastrella) ii 354

villosa Sykes {Laminclla) ii 352

violacea Newc. ii 347
Amastrella subg. n. Amastra ii 352
Amblyolpium Sim. ii 519

Amblyolpium longiventer Keyserl. ii 519

Amblyptilia Hiibn. i 472

Amblyptilus Wlgrn. i 472

Amyntas Kinb. ii 414

hawayanus Rosa ii 420
hesperidum Bedd. ii 417
heterochaeta Mich, ii 416
peregrinus Fletch. ii 414
schmardae Horst. ii 426

Anacampsis sarcitea Crt. i 649
sarcitella Stph. i 649

Anagyrus How. ii 652

fraternus sp. n. ii 653
laeviceps sp. n. ii 654
major sp. n. ii 652
nigricans sp. n. ii 653
tantaleus sp. n. ii 654
xanthogaster sp. n. ii 653

Ananca collaris Sharp ii 247

Anastatus Motsch. i 320

koebelei sp. n. i 320

Anas L. i 458

boscas Linn, i 458
wyvilliana Scl. i 458

Anax Leach ii 62

Junius Drury ii 62
strenuus Hagen ii 62

Ancaeus Fauv. iii 539

laevigatus Kraatz iii 539

Anchomenides iii 190

Anchomenini liv

Anchomenus bardus Blackb. iii 240
corruscus Er. iii 206
cuneipennis Blackb. iii 241
epicurus Blackb. iii 235
erro Blackb. iii 216
fossipennis Blackb. iii 239
fraternus Blackb. iii 236
fugitivus Blackb. iii 240
incendiarius Blackb. iii 208
lucipetens Blackb. iii 210
meticulosus Blackb. iii 234
musicola Blackb. iii 223
oceanicus Blackb. iii 240
protervus Blackb. iii 240
putealis Blackb. iii 231
rupicola Blackb. iii 208
scrupulosus Blackb. iii 235
sharpi Blackb. iii 209

Anchonymus gen. n. iii 199

agonoides sp. n. iii 199

Anchotefflus gen. n. iii 195

elegans sp. n. iii 196
gracilis sp. n. iii 195

Ancylostoma duodenale Dub. ii 428

Ancylus Geoffrey ii 394

sharpi sp. n. ii 394

Anemosa aurora Butl. i 225

Anesychia Hb. i 507

Anisodactylus cuneatus Karsch iii 193

Anisolabis Fieb. ii 4

annulipes Luc. ii 4
littorea White ii 4
maritima Bon. ii 4
paciiica Erichs. ii 4

Anisomeristes Matth. iii 416
basalis Sharp iii 416

Anisops Spin, iii 148

sp? Kirk, ii 555

Anobiidae iii 581, cxxviii

Anobium iii 613

INDEX

Anobium paniceum L. iii 613

Anomalochrysa M^Lachl. ii 47
angulicosta sp. n. ii 50
biseriata sp. n. ii 58
cognata sp. n. ii 50
debilis sp. n. ii 49
deceptor sp. n. ii 54
frater sp. n. ii 52
fulvescens sp. n. ii 60
gayi sp. n. ii 56
haematura sp. n. ii 58
hepatica M'-Lachl. ii 59
longipennis sp. n. ii 53
maclachlani Blackb. ii 54
molokaiensis sp. n. ii 48
montana Blackb. ii 49
nana sp. ti. ii 52
ornatipennis Blackb. ii 59
paurosticta sp. n. ii 53
peles sp. n. ii 49
princeps sp. n. ii 47
proteus sp. n. ii 59
raphidioides sp. n. ii 57
reticulata sp. n. ii 57, 691
rhododora sp. n. ii 60
rufescens M'Lachl. ii 50, 691
simillima sp. n. ii 55
soror sp. n. ii 51
sylvicola sp. n. ii 48
viridis sp. n. ii 51
xerophylla van n. ii 61
zoe sp. n. ii 56

Anosia Hiibn. i 193

erippus Cram, i 193

Anotheorus Blackb. ii 173

ignavus Blackb. ii 173
montanus Blackb. ii 173
robiistus sp. n. ii 173

Anoura Gerv. iii 302

Anous Leach "Noio" i 464

hawaiiensis Rothsch. i 464
stolidus L. i 464

Anser Briss. i 457

albifrons Hart, i 457

Anteris Forst. i 297, ii 623

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 298
montana sp. n. ii 623
nigricornis sp. n. i 297
oahuensis sp. n. ii 624
perkinsi sp. n. i 298
tarsalis sp. n. i 298

Anthicidae ii 247, cx.wi

Anthictis Payk. ii 247

mundulus Sharp ii 247
oceanicus Laf. ii 247

Anthocorinae iii 125

Anthocoridae ii 551, cxcix

Anthomyidae iii 29, 84, clxxxvii

Anthomyia aenescens Wied. iii 30
spp. iii 43

Anthothrips Uzel iii 695

usitatus sp. n. iii 695

Anthribidae ii 182, cxxiv

Antilissus Sharp iii 429

aper Sharp iii 430

Apamea cinctipennis Butl. i 150

Apanteles Forst. ii 684
spp. ii 684

Apate lifauna Mont, iii 643

castanoptera Fairm. iii 643

Apetasimus gen. n. iii 458

Apetasimus involucer sp. n. iii 458

Apetinus gen. n. iii 458

brevis Sharp iii 460
explanatus Sharp iii 460
macrothorax sp. n. iii 459
medius sp. n. iii 459
pumilio sp. n. iii 460

Apex albofasciatus Smith ii 304
coniformis Gul. ii 301
flavidus Gul. ii 300
guHcki Smith ii 300
innotabilis Smith ii 301
leucophaeus Gul. ii 301
leucorraphe Gul. ii 302
leucozonus Gul. ii 303
liliaceus Gul. ii 300
neglectus Smith ii 301
polymorpha Gul. ii 299
tumefactus Gul. ii 304
versicolor Gul. ii 301
tuberans Gul. ii 300
turbiniformis Gul. ii 300

Aphaereta Forst. i 358

muscae Ashm. i 358

Aphelia Stph. i 687

Aphidae ii 599, ccx

Aphidencyrtus Ashm. ii 655

Aphodius 111. iii 401

lividus Oliv. iii 401

Aphonogryllus gen. n. ii 26
apteryx sp. n. ii 26

Aphthonetus gen. n. i 517

albocinera sp. n. 1 527
aspersa Btl. i 529
bitincta sp. n. i 521
columbella sp. n. i 521
confusa sp. n. i 523
corticicolor sp. n. i 519
diffusa sp. n. i 527
digressa sp. n. i 522
divergens sp. n. i 520
elegans sp. n. i 530
eleuthera sp. n. i 522
exsul sp. n. i 526
fluctuosa sp. n. i 519
fugitiva sp. n. i 518
hirsuta sp. n. i 528
humerella sp. n. i 528
kauaiensis sp. n. i 518
lichenalis sp. n. i 522
mediocris sp. n. i 517
nemo sp. n. i 526
passerella sp. n. i 520
plumbifer sp. n. i 524
polia sp. n. i 525
puncticiliata sp. n. i 529
sagittata sp. n. i 530
spurcata sp. n. i 523
subocellata sp. n. i 526
trichophora sp. n. i 524
veterella sp. n. i 525

Apis mellifica i 115

Apodia Hein. i 478

Apoidea ii 601

Apomecyna Serv. ii 114

pertigera Thorns, ii 114

Aporodes micacea Butl. i 212

Aporodesminus gen. n. iii 327
wallacei sp. n. iii 328

Apororhynchus hemignathi Shipl. ii 434

Apterocis gen. n. ii 265

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Apterocis ephistemoides Sharp ii
hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 267

!65

hystrix sp. n. 11
impunctatus sp.
lanaiensis sp. n.
minor var. n. ii
montanus sp. n.
ornaiipennis sp.
rufo-notatus sp.
strigosus sp. n.
subaeneus sp. n.

270
n. ii 268

ii 266

266

ii 266
n. ii 269
n. ii 268
ii 269

ii 270

266

405

182

vagepunctatus Blackb. 11

variabilis sp. n. ii 267

variegatus sp. n. ii 268

Apterocyclus Waterh. iii 403, cxxxi
adpropinquans sp. n. iii 404
deceptor sp. n. iii 405
feminalis sp. n. iii 405
honoluluensis Waterh. iii
munroi sp. n. iii 403
varians sp. n. iii 404
waterhousei sp. n. iii 403

Apterogasterinae iii 704

Apteromesus gen. n. iii 211

maculatus sp. n. iii 211

Aptus Stal. iii 153

Arachnida ii 443, iii 339, ccxxi

Araeocerus Schonh. ii 182

constans sp. n. ii 182
fasciculatus De Gear ii

Aramigus fuUeri Horn, iii 653

Aranea oculata Walck. ii 478

Araneae ii 444

Araneus Clertk ii 482

domesticus Clerck ii 505
emmae sp. n. ii 482
emmae Sim. iii 341
kapiolaniae sp. n. ii 483, iii 34
nauticus Koch ii 482

Archips Hiibn. i 690, 736

basialbana Wl^r. i 690
capucinus Wlsm. i 736
consociana Wkr. i 690
dotatana Wkr. i 690
foedana Wkr. i 690
fuscoviridis sp. n. i 693
leopardelkis sp. n. i 692
lichenoides sp. n. i 694
longiplicatus sp. n. i 691, 736
postvittanus Wkr. i 690, 736
punctiferanus sp. n. i 692
retractana Wkr. i 690
reversana Wkr. i 690
scitulana Wkr. i 690
secretana Wlcr. i 690
secundana Wkr. i 690
sobriana Wlcr. i 690
subsenescens sp. n. i 695
trocliilidanus sp. n. i 693

Arctocorisa blackburni White ii

Ardea Linn, i 456
sacra Gm.

Argiopidae ii 460

Argiopinae ii 476

Argiope Aud. ii 476

avara Thor. ii 476, iii
avara kauaiensis subsp.

Argocerus gen. n. iii 411

similaris sp. n. iii 41 1
subguttatus sp. n. iii 412

Argyresthia (?) aurisquamosa Btl. i 71

456

5S4

341
n. ii

477

Argyresthia zebrina Btl. i 715
Argyritis Hein. i 478
Argyrodes Sim. ii 446

argyrodes Walck. ii 446

epeirae Sim. ii 446

hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 447
Ariadna Aud. ii 445

perknisi sp. n. ii 445
Ariamnes Thor. ii 447

corniger sp. n. ii 447, iii 339
Aristotelia Hiibn. i 478

arcuata sp. n. i 482

elegantior sp. n. i 481

epermeniella sp. n. i 480

ichthyochroa sp. n. i 479

lanaiensis sp. n. i 481

maculaticornis sp. n. i 478

mendax sp. n. i 481

nigriciliella sp. n. i 479

notata sp. n. i 480
Arma pacifica Stftl. iii 171

patruelis StAl. iii 171
Armadillo Latr. ii 521

albospinosus sp. n. ii 521

australis Budde-Lund ii 521

bidens Budde-Lund ii 521

danae sp. n. ii 522

hawaiensis Dana ii 521

perkinsi sp. n. ii 522

sharpi sp. n. ii 523
Artema Walck. ii 446

sisyphoides Dol. ii 446
.Ascaris lumbricoides Lutz ii 428
Asio Briss. "Pueo" i 448

accipitrinus Pall, i 448
Asiracidae ii 576, ccv
Asiracinae iii 124
Asopia gerontialis Walk, i
Asopus griseus Burm. i"
Aspidiotus Bouchc iii

aurantii Mask.

camelliae Sign

citricola Pack.

cydoniae Comst. iii 107

cydoniae var. tecta Mask, iii 107

duplex Cock, iii 108

greenii Cock, iii 108

hederae \'all. iii 109

lataniae Green iii 108

longispina Mask, iii 107

maskelli Cock. {Morgaticlla) iii 107

maskelli Cock, iii 107

napax Nevvst. iii 108

nerii Bouche iii 109

perniciosus Comst. iii 108

perscarum Cock, iii 107

pmnaeformis Bouchd iii no

pomorum Bouche iii 1 1 1

proteus Mask, iii no

rapax Comst. iii 108

transparens Green iii 108
Aspilota Fcirst. i 359
Astacopinae iii 162
Asteiidae iii 73
Asteia Meig. iii 73

apicalis sp. n. iii 73

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 73

sp. iii 74
Astemma Lep. & Serv. iii 158

peruvianus Gu(fr. iii 159
Asterolecanium Targ. iii 104

. 1

275

107

iii

107

iii

108

iii

INDEX

Asterolecanium pustulans Cock, iii 104

Astichus Foist, i 326

cyaneus sp. n. i 326

Astrimus Sharp ii 96

hirtus Fairm. ii 96
obscurus Sharp ii 96

Ataenius Har. iii 401

pacihcus Sharp iii 401
peregrinator Har. iii 401
stercorator Fabr. iii 401

Atelidiuni gen. n. iii 284

munroi sp. n. iii 285

Atelothora.x gen. n. iii 269

optatus sp. n. iii 269

Atelothrus gen. n. iii 216

constrictus sp. n. iii 217
depressus sp. n. iii 220
dyscoleus sp. n. iii 220
erro Blackb. iii 216
filipes sp. n. iii 218
gracilis sp. n. iii 219
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 219
insociabihs Blackb. iii 220
limbatus sp. n. iii 217
longicollis sp. n. iii 217
longulus sp. n. iii 218
platynoides sp. n. iii 221
politus sp. n. iii 216
stenopus sp. n. iii 218
transiens sp. n. iii 221

Atheta Thorns, iii 576

coriaria Kraatz iii 577
olaae sp. n. iii 576

Athyreodon Ashm. ii 679

debilis Perk, ii 680
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 343
hawaiiensis Ashm. ii 679

Athysanus Burm. ii 575

Atrachycnemis Blackb. iii 193
koebelei sp. n. iii 194
perkinsi sp. n. iii 194
sharpi Blackb. iii 193

Atractomorpha Sauss. ii 687
crenaticeps Hi. ii 687

Atrometus Forst. i 350, ii 681
citricinctus sp. n. i 353
delicatus sp. n. i 354
flavifrons sp. n. 1 352
haleakalae sp. n. i 353
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 354
molokaiensis sp. n. i 353
satelles sp. n. ii 683
sociabilis sp. n. ii 682
solitarius sp. n. ii 683
tarsatus sp. n. i 352
tephrias sp. n. ii 681

Attagenus Latr. iii 413

plebeius Sharp iii 413

Attidae ii 511

Attus adansoni tardigradus Aud. ii 511
africanus Vins. ii 512
capito Luc. ii 511
ligo Walck. ii 512
nigrofuscus Vins. ii 511
paykulli Aud. ii 512

Auchenorrhyncha iii 114

Aulacaspis Cock, iii 109
rosae iii 109

Auricula owaihiensis Cham, ii 375
sinistrorsa Cham, ii 375

Auriculella Pfeiff. ii 375

Auricullela ambusta Pease ii 375

auricula F^r. ii 375

brunnea Smith ii 375

cerea Pfeiff. ii 376

chamissoi PfeilT. ii 376

crassula Smith ii 376

diaphana Smith ii 376

expansa Pease ii 376

jucunda Smith ii 379

lurida Pfeiff ii 376

newcombi Pfeitf. ii 377

obliqua Ancey ii 377

patula Smith ii 376

perkinsi sp. n. ii 377

perpusilla Smith ii 378

petitiana Pfeiff. ii 377

ponderosa Ancey ii 376

pulchra Pease ii 378

solida Gul. ii 379

solidissima Smith ii 379

tenella Ancey ii 378

tenuis Smith ii 378

triplicata Pease ii 378

umbilicata Ancey ii 383

uniplicata Pease ii 378

vvesterlundiana Ancey ii 379
Automola pelodes Meyr. i 486
Autosticha Meyr. i 486

pelodes Meyr. i 487
Aves i 368, xli, Ixxii
.Azinis hilarella Btl. i 507

Bacanius Lee. iii 510

atomarius Sharp iii 510

confusus Blackb. iii 511
Bactra Stph. i 687

straminea Btl. i 687
Baeus Hal. ii 622

persordidus sp. n. ii 622
Balea newcombi Pfeifif. ii 377
Banchogastra Ashm. i 343, ii 680

nigra sp. n. i 343

vitreipennis sp. n. ii 680
Banza xxx
Baracus gen. n. iii 143, ii 553

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 143, ii 553
Baryneus gen. n. iii 209

sharpi Blackb. iii 209
Barypristus Sharp iii 208

incendiarius Blackb. iii 208

rupicola Blackb. iii 208

sharpi iii 209
Bassus Fall, i 340

laetatorius Fab. i 340
Batodes Gn. i 703
Batrachedra Stn. i 508, 734

bedelliella sp. n. i 509

ephelus sp. n. i 509

lomentella sp. n. i 511

microstigma sp. n. i 510

ruficiliata sp. n. i 510

sophroniella sp. n. i 5H

supercincta sp. n. i 510

syrraphella sp. n. i 509, 734
Bavia Sim. ii 511

aericeps Sim. ii 511
Bedellia Stn. i 723

convolvuliella i 723

minor Busch. i 724

orchilella sp. n. i 725

orpheella Stn. i 723

F. H.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Bedellia soinnulentella Z. i 723

staintoniella Clem, i 723

struthionella sp. n. i 725
Bembidiides iii 275
Bembidium Latr. iii 278

advena sp. n. {Synechostictus) iii 278

ignicola Blackb. {Emphanes) iii 279

molokaiense sp. n. {Emphanes) iii 279

pacificum Blackb. {Emphanes) iii 279

spurcum Blackb. iii 277

teres Blackb. {Synechostictiis) iii 278
Beris servillei Macq. iii 79
Bernicla Steph. Nene. i 457

sandvicensis Vig. i 458
Bethylidae i 282, ii 612, xcix
Blabophanes Z. i 727

heringi Rdsn. i 728

hyalinella Snell. i 728

lombardica Snell. i 728

longella Btl. i 727

monachella Meyr. i 727

obumbrata Btl. i 728

rusticella Btl. i 729
Blackburnia Sharp iii 191

frigida Blackb. iii 200

insignis Sharp iii 191

kaalensis var. n. iii 191
Blastobasis Z. i 648

inana Btl. i 648
Blattidae ii 5, 690, ccxiii
Blepharipeza monticola Big. iii 20
Blepyrus How. ii 655

marsdeni How. ii 655
Bolitochara impacta Blackb. iii 571

testacea Kraatz iii 571
Borboridae iii 75
Borborus Meig. iii 75

bilineatus sp. n. iii 75

venalicius Ost-Sack. iii 75
Boreophila minuscula Butl. i 233
Bostrychidae iii 642, cxxvii
Bostrichus migrator Sharp iii 642
Bothriothorax Ratz. i 321

insularis Cam. i 321
Botys accepta Butl. i 204

blackburni Butl. i 202

continuatalis Butl. i 205

demaratalis Walk, i 205

localis Butl. i 206
Brachydeutera Loew iii 49, 85

argentata Walk, iii 49, 85

dimidiata Loew iii 49
Brachymetopa Redt. ii 8, 687, xxx

affinis sp. n. ii 11

blackburni Borm. ii 9, 687

deplanata Brunn. ii 12

discolor Redt. ii 9, 687

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 10

mauiensis sp. n. ii 12

molokaiensis sp. n. ii 12

nitida Brunn. ii 9

parvula sp. n. ii 11

unica sp. n. ii 10
Brachypeplus affinis Sharp iii 475

aper Sharp iii 470

apertus Sharp iii 498

bicolor Blackb. iii 465

bidens Sharp iii 483

blackburni .Sharp iii 503

brevis Sharp iii 460

celatus Sharp iii 498

Brachypeplus discedens Sharp iii 494

discedens var. kauaienbis Blackb. iii 495

expers Blackb. iii 455

explanatus Sharp iii 460

floricola Blackb. iii 480

guttatus Sharp iii 454

impressus Sharp iii 463

inaequalis Sharp iii 463

inauratus Sharp iii 475

infimus Sharp iii 506

koelensis Blackb. iii 488

lanaiensis Blackb. iii 504

metallescens Sharp iii 493

obsoletus Sharp iii 467

olinda Blackb. iii 477

omalioides Sharp iii 469

quadraticollis Blackb. iii 501

paralleUis Blackb. iii 497

protinoides Sharp iii 486

puncticeps Sharp iii 494

reitteri .Sharp iii 505

robustus Sharp iii 452

sordidus Sharp iii 455

spretus Blackb. iii 46S

striatus Sharp iii 465

tinctus Sharp iii 493

torvus Blackb. iii 485

varius Sharp iii 496

vestitus Sharp iii 497
Braconidae i 359, ii 683, 684, ex
Bracon Fabr. ii 684
Branta Scop, i 458

canadensis Ridgw. i 458

nigricans Lawr. i 458
Brontolaemus Sharp iii 423

agilis sp. n. iii 425

currax sp. n. iii 424

currax var. lanaiensis var. n. iii

currax var. mauiensis var. n. iii

elegans Sharp iii 423

elegans var. koebelei var. n. iii 424

nudicornis sp. n. i
Brosconymus gen. n. iii I

optatus sp. n. iii
Bruchidae ii 95, cxv
Bruchus L. ii 95

sp. ii 95
Bubaloceras gen. n. i

subeburneum

subeburneum
Buchananiella Rent, iii

sodalis White iii
Buenoa Kirk, ii 554

pallipes Fabr. ii
Bulimella PfeifT. ii 305

attenuata Pfeiff.

Candida Pfeiff. ii

forbesiana Pfeiff.

fuscobasis Smith 11 310

macrostoma Pfeiff. ii 310

multicolor Pfeiff. ii 306

rosea Swains, ii 309
Bulimus armatus Migh. ii 375

clausinus Migh. ii 359

gouldi Pfeiff. ii 317

insignis Migh. ii 320

junceus Gould ii 383

kauaiensis Pfeiff. ii 399

lactifluus Pfeiff. ii 399

liratus Pfeiff. ii 332

nevvcombianus Pfeiff. ii 3

424
424

425

548
Wlsm.
sp.

128

555

ii 319
308
ii 300
3'

548
549

INDEX

1.1

Bulimus pumicatus Migh. ii 379

pyrgiscus Pfeiff. ii 3S4

rohri Pfeiff. ii 320

scutilus Migh. ii 368
Buhveria Bon. i 462

buhveri J. & S. i 463
Buprestidae iii 400
Buprestis adjecta Lee. iii 400
Buteo Cuv. "lo" i 446

solitarius Peale i 447
Bythoscopinae iii 114
Bythoscopus Germ. Kirk, iii 114

kaiamamao sp. n. iii 115, ii 557

kukanaroa sp. n. iii 114, ii 557

peregrinus StAl. iii 115

viduus Stal. iii 1 16

Caccodes Sharp iii 368

debilis Sharp iii 368, cx.xix
Cachura Wkr. i 712

objectella Wkr. i 712
Cacodminae Kirk, iii 129, ii 552
Cacoecia postvittana Meyr. i 690
Caecilianella baldwini Ancey ii 384
Caecilioides Herrm. ii 384

baldwini Ancey ii 384
Cafius Steph. iii 548

nauticus Fairm. iii 548
Calandrini ii 139
Calandra Clairv. ii 139

hnearis var. striata Thunb. ii 139

obscura Boisd. ii 139

oryzae L. ii 139

remota Sharp ii 139
Calidris Cuv. i 451

arenaria L. i 451
Callidiopsides ii 97
CalUdium pilicorne Fab. ii 97
Calliphora Desv. iii 27

azurea iii 27

vomitoria Linn, iii 27

spp. iii 28
CalHthmysus Sharp ii 113

cristatus Sharp iii 650

hirtipes var. n. ii 113

koebelei Perk, iii 649

microgaster Sharp ii 113, iii 649
Caloteleia Westw. ii 624

elegans sp. n. ii 624

exul sp. n. ii 625
Calotermes Hag. ii 88

marginipennis Latr. ii 88
Cambalidae iii 329
CamplNoneuraria Kirk, iii 138
Campodeidae iii 293
Campodea Westw. iii 293
Camponotus maculatus cii
Camponotus maculatus niitis hawaiensis i 122
Campsicnemus Walk, iii 13, 80

calcaratus sp. n. iii 14

distortipes sp. n. iii 14

fimbriatus sp. n. iii 13

patellifer sp. n. iii 80

sp. iii 15
Capsidae cc
Capsaria Reut. iii 142
Capsus pellucidus Stal. iii 143
Capua Stph. i 703

castaneana sp. n. i 705

flavocincta sp. n. i 704

ilavopicta sp. n. i 703

Capua fulva sp. n. i 708

glaucoviridana sp. n. i 706

ochreocuprea sp. n. i 708

picta sp. n. i 703

pleonectes sp. n. i 705

trigonifer sp. n. i 704

variabilis sp. n. i 706
Carabidae iii 190, liv, cxxxix
Caraboidea iii 175
Carabus pallens Fabr. iii 288
Caradrinidae iii 345, cxlv
Caradrina Ochs. i 153

e.xanimis sp. n. i 153

venosa But!, i 153
Carcinops Mars, iii 510

quatuordecimstriata Steph. iii 510
Cardiastethus mundulus White iii 126

sodalis White iii 128
Cardiocondyla nuda minutior i 120

wroughtonii hawaiensis i 119
Carelia H. & A. Adams ii 373, xix, Ixxi, Ixxii

bicolor Jay ii 373

cochlea Reeve ii 373

cumingiana Pfeifl". ii 373

dolei Ancey ii 374

glutinosa Ancey ii 374

olivacea Pease ii 374

paradoxa Pfeiff. ii 374

sinclairi Ancey ii 374

turricula Migh. ii 374

variabilis Pease ii 374
Carinella Pfeiff. ii 355
Carpophilus Steph. iii 507

dimidiatus Fabr. iii 507

hemipterus Linn, iii 507

humeralis Fabr. iii 507

maculatus Murr. iii 507
Carposinidae i 654, 735, clxvii
Catamempsis gen. n. i 491

decipiens sp. n. i 491
Catapicephala limbipennis Thorns, iii 22
Cathartus Reiche iii 428

advena Waltl iii 428
Catorama mexicana Chev. iii 614

pusilla Sharp iii 614
Cerambycidae ii 95, iii 645, cxv
Cerambycini ii 96
Cerambyx globosus Oliv. ii 96
Ceraphronidae ii 616, cii
Ceraphron Jur. ii 616

abnormis sp. n. ii 617

plebeius sp. n. ii 616
Ceratopogon Meig. iii 5

sp. iii 5
Ceratotaxia gen. n. iii 399

tristis sp. n. iii 400
Ceresium Newm. ii 97

simplex Gyll. ii 97
Ceroplastes Gray iii 104

ceriferus And. iii 105

floridensis Comst. iii 105

rubens Mask, iii 104
Cerostoma maculipennis Crt. i 652
Cestoda ii 429
Chaenosternum Blackb. ii 138

konanum Blackb. ii 138
Chaetogaedia Br. & Berg, iii 20, 83

monticola Big. iii 20, 83
Chaetoptila Peale i 445

angustipluma Peale i 445
Chalcidoidea ii 630

B 2

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Cbalcididae i 305, civ
Chalcis i 306

obscurata Walk, i 307

polynesialis Cam. i 306
Chalcolepidius Eschsch. iii 368

erythroloma Cand. iii 368
Chalcomenus gen. n. iii 206

corruscus Er. iii 206

costatus sp. n. iii 207

molokaiensis sp. n. iii 207
Chalybe Dp. i 507
Charadrius L. i 449

fulvus L. i 450

squatarola L. i 450
Charitonetta Stejn. i 461

albeola L. i 461
Charopa baldwini Ancey ii 289
Chasiempis xxxi, clxii

cabanis "Elepaio" i 379

gayi Wils. i 381

sandvicensis (imel. i 381

sclateri Ridgw. i 381
Chaulelasmus Bon. i 461

streperus Linn, i 461
Cheliferidae ii 517
Chelifer Geoffr. ii 517

bifissus Sim. ii 517

hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 518
Chelisoches Scudd. ii 4

morio Fab. ii 4
Chelodynerus Perk, ii 607

chelifer Perk, ii 607
Chelonus Jin", i 359

blackburni Cam. i 359

cameronii D. T. i 359

carinatus Cam. i 359
Chen Boie i 457

hyperborea Pall, i 457
Chermidae ii 598, ccx
Chermes oleae Bern, iii 106
Chernetes ii 517
Chiloides i 687

straminea Btl. i 687
Chiloneurus maculatipennis Prov. i 321
Chilopoda iii 324
Chionaspis biclavis Comst. iii 112

biclavis var. detecta Mask, iii 112

eugeniae Mask, iii 112

prunicola Mask, iii 112
CMronomidae iii 47, clxxx
Chironomus Meig. iii 4

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 4
Chlamydataria Kirk, iii 131
Chloridops Wils. i 439, Ixxii

kona Wils. i 440
Chlorodrepanis i 408, Ixxii

chloridoides Wils. i 411

chloris Cab. i 411

kalaana Wils. i 411

parva i 409, 4 1 1

stejnegeri Wils. i 411

virens Gmel. i 411

vvilsoni Rothsch. i 411
Cholovocera Motsch. iii 422
Chrestotes dryas Btl. i 726
Chrysoclista haleakalae Btl. i 573

tigrina Btl. i 533
Chrysoesthia Hb. i 478
Chrysomelidae ii 95
Chrysomyza Fall, iii 85
Chrysopides ii 47, 691

Chrysopa Leach ii 61, xvii

microphya M'Lachl. ii 61

Chrysopora Clem, i 478

Chrysotus Meig. iii 1 5

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 16
saxatilis sp. n. iii 16
spiniger sp. n. iii 15

Cicadidae iii 114

Cillaeopeplus gen. n. iii 505
dubius sp. n. iii 506
infimus Sharp iii 506
perkinsi sp. n. iii 506

Cimicidae iii 171, ii 533, cxci

Cimex lectularius Linnd iii 129

rubrofasciatus de Geer ii 550

Circus Lac. i 447

hudsonius Linn, i 447

Ciridops Wils. Ula-ai-hawane i 405, Ixxii
anna Dole i 405

Cioidae ii 253, xlix, cxxvii

Cis Latr. ii 255

alieniis Sharp ii 255
angustiformis sp. n. ii 265
apicalis Sharp ii 260
attenuatus Sharp ii 261
bicolor Sharp ii 256
bimaculatus Sharp ii 257
breviformis sp. n. ii 255
calidus Sharp ii 260
chloroticus Sharp ii 259
concolor Sharp ii 260
cognatissimus sp. n. ii 256
diminutivus Sharp ii 264
ephistemoides Sharp ii 265
evanescens Sharp ii 264
fallax sp. n. ii 263
haleakale sp. n. ii 262
insularis Sharp ii 258
kauaiensis sp. n. ii 261
laeticulus Sharp ii 264
longipennis Blackb. ii 265
mimus sp. n. ii 263
mirabilis sp. n. ii 262
molokaiensis sp. n. ii 262
nesiotes sp. n. ii 256
nigrofasciatus Blackb. ii 257
pacificus Sharp ii 255
porcatus Sharp ii 258
roridus Sharp ii 261
setarius Sharp ii 260
signatus Sharp ii 261
simulator sp. n. ii 259
tabidus Sharp ii 259
unicus sp. n. ii 258
vagepunctatus Blackb. ii 266

Cistelidae ii 247, cxxvi

Cistela Fabr. ii 248

apicalis sp. n. ii 249
crassicornis Sharp ii 248
kauaiensis sp. n. ii 248
konae sp. n. ii 250
montana sp. n. ii 249
nigricollis sp. n. ii 248
subaenescens sp. n. ii 249

Cixiaria iii 117

Clambus Fisch. iii 535

Clerada Sign, iii 160

apicicornis Sign, iii 160, ii 545

Cleridae iii 367

Clinidium Kirby iii 429

liratum Chevr. iii 429

INDEX

Clinocoridae ii 552
Clinocoris Fall, ii 552
Clubionidae ii 504
Clytides ii 97
Clytarlus Sharp ii 98, 104

abnormis sp. n. ii 102

annectens sp. n. ii 104

blackburni Sharp ii 1 1 1

claviger sp. n. ii loi

cristatus Sharp ii 113

debilis sp. n. li 99

filipes Sharp ii 99

finschi Har. ii 106

fragilis Sharp ii 99, iii 645

laticollis sp. n. ii loi

longipes sp. n. ii 103

niediocris sp. n. ii 99

modestus Sharp ii loi

nodifer sp. n. ii 102

obscurus sp. n. ii 100

pennatus Sharp ii 102

pulvillatus Karsch ii 1 1 1

robustus Sharp ii 107

ultimus sp. n. iii 645
Clytus Laich. ii 97

crinicornis Chevr. ii 97
Cnaemidophorus Wlgrn. i 472
Cnephalocotes Sim. ii 461

simpliciceps sp. n. ii 462, iii 340
Coccinellidae iii 414, c.\,\xii
Coccinella abdoniinalis Say. iii 414
Coccophagus Westw. i 327

lecanii Sni. i 328

ochraceus How. i 328
Coccidae iii 102, ii 399
Coccus Linnc iii 105

acuminatum Sign, iii 105

adonidum Linne iii 103

beckii Newm. iii 1 10

ceriferus And. iii 105

citri Risso iii 103

coffeae Walk, iii 105

gloverii Pack, iii 1 1 1

hederae Vail, iii 109

hesperidum Linnd iii 105

longulum Dougl. iii 106

niori Sign, iii 106

nigrum Nietn. iii 106

oleae Bern, iii 106

perforatum Newst. iii 106

tessellatum Sign, iii 106

zizyphus Luc. iii no
Cochlogena decora Vix. {Helicteres) ii 301

lugubris Chemn. {Helicteres) ii 298
Coenosia Meig. iii 32

biseta sp. n. iii 39

dexioides sp. n. iii 33

dispar sp. n. iii 35

flavobasalis sp. n. iii 32

ingens sp. n. iii 40

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 37

latimana sp. n. iii 35

longipes sp. n. iii 38

rudis sp. n. iii 40

seminigra sp. n. iii 2,2,

striata sp. n. iii 38

triangulifera sp. n. iii 36

valida sp. n. iii 34

spp. iii 41
Coleoptera ii 91, iii 367, xxxii, xlix, cxii
Coleotichus White iii 172

•72, n 534- cxcii

314

Coleotichus blackburniae White iii
Collembola iii 299, ccxx
Colobicus Latr. iii 430

conformis Pasc. iii 430
parilis Pasc. iii 430
Colour groups (Wasps) xciii
Colovocera Motsch. iii 422
Colpocaccus gen. n. iii 213

apicalis sp. n. iii 215

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 214
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 215

marginatus sp. n. iii 215

posticatus sp. n. iii 215

tantalus Blackb. iii 214
Colpocephalum brachysomum sp. n. iii

conspicuum sp. n. iii 315

discrepans sp. n. iii 316

tpiphanes sp. n. iii 313

kilauensis sp. n. iii 312
Colpodes mysticus Blackb. iii 213

octocellatus Karsch iii 209
Colpodiscus Sharp iii 209, 213

lahainensis sp. n. iii 210

lucipetens Blackb. iii 210

tantalus Sharp iii 214
Colydiidae iii 429, cxxxiv
Colymbetes pacificus Boisd. iii 289

parvulus Boisd. iii 288
Comys fusca How. i 321
Conocephaloides gen. n. ii 13

hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 13
Conocephalus blackburni Borm. ii 9
Conops calcitrans Linn, iii 28
Conorhinus Lap. ii 550
Copelatus Erichs. iii 288

mauiensis Blackb. iii 288

parvulus Boisd. iii 288
Coptops Serv. iii 650

aedificator Fabr. iii 650
Corixidae iii 148, cciii
Coriscinae Kirk, iii 169
Corixa Geoffr. iii 148

blackburni iii 148, ii 554
Corizus Sign, iii 170
Corticaria dentata iVIarsh iii 429
Corvus Linn, i 372

hawaiiensis Peale i 373
Corylophidae iii 415, cxxxii
Corylophodes Matth. iii 417

rotundus Sharp iii 417

suturalis Sharp iii 417
Corylophus Sharp iii 417

rotundus Sharp iii 417

suturalis Sharp iii 417
Cosilidae ii 616
Cosmophila Boisd. i 157, iii 348

noctivolans Butl. i 158, iii 348

sabulifera Gueii. i 158, iii 348
Cosmopteryx argyrogrammos Z. i 514
Cossonini ii 139
Cothonaspis Hart, ii 668, ii 669

abnormis sp. n. {Hypodii-aiichis) ii 673

ashnieadi sp. n. (NcsocUranchis) ii 668

debilis sp. n. ii 672

debilis van similis \ar. n. ii 672

debilis var. subdebilis van n. ii 673

declivis sp. n. (Hypodiranchis) ii 671

dichroma sp. n. {Hypodiranchis) ii 674

dubiosa sp. n. {Hypodiranchis) ii 673

intermedia sp. n. (Hypodiruiichis) ii 670

naias sp. n. {Hypodiranchis) ii 672

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Cothonaspis pele sp. n. {Hypodiranchis) ii 669
strigosa sp. n. ii 67 1
tantali sp. n. {Hypodiranchis) ii 670
Crabronidae ii 606, Ixxxv
Crabro i 15

abnormis sp. n. i 25
adspectans Bl. & C. i 29
affinis i 19
atripennis sp. n. i 24
curtipes sp. n. i 24
fulvicrus sp. n. i 22
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 17
mandibularis i 21
mauiensis i 17
molokaiensis sp. n. i 16
nionticola sp. n. i 15
notostictus sp. n. i 20
polynesialis i 22
rubrocaudatus Bl. & C. i 27
stygius Kirby i 29
tumidoventris sp. n. i 18
unicolor i 23
Crambidae iii 356, clvii
Creophilus Mann, iii 548

maxillosus L. iii 548
Crioceris parvula Fabr. ii 95
Crocidosema Z. i 675, 736

blackburnii Btl. i 675
plebeiana Z. i 675, 736
Crossotarsus Chap, ii 182

externedentatus Fairm. ii 182
Crustacea amphipoda ii 527
Crustacea isopoda ii 521
Cryptamorpha WoU. iii 428

desjardinsi Gudr. iii 428
Cryptinae ii 676
Cryptodesmidae iii 327
Cryptophagidae iii 422
Cryptophagus serratus Gyll. iii 423
Cryptophilus Reitt. iii 422

integer Heer iii 422
Cryptophlebia carpophaga Wlsm. i 680
illepida Btl. i 681
illepida fulva var. n. i
illepida suffusa var. n.
tetrao sp. n. i 683
vulpes sp. n. 1 683
Cryptorhopalum GutJr.-Mifn. iii
brevicorne .Sharp iii
terminale Sharp iii
Cryptorhynchini ii 131
Cucujidae iii 423, cxxxiii
Cucujus pusillus Schonh. iii
minutus Oliv. iii 4:
Culicidae iii 6, clxxxi
Culex Linn, iii 6

taeniatus Wied. iii 6
Curculionidae ii 117, iii 650, cxix
Curtomerus Steph. ii 97

luteus Steph. ii 97
pilicornis Fab. ii 97
Cycloneda Crotch iii 414

abdominalis Say iii 414
Cyclonotum Erichs. iii 579

extraneuni sp. n. iii 579
subquadratum Fairm. iii 578
Cyclosa Meng. ii 477

albisternis Sim. ii 478, iii 341
cucurbitula sp. n. ii 482
oculata Walck. ii 478
olorina sp. n. ii 481

681
i 682

111 413

413
4>3

425

Cyclosa perkinsi sp. n. ii 479

simplicicauda sp. n. ii 479
simplicicauda rufescens ii 480
turbinata Walck. ii 478
walckenaeri McCo. ii 478
xanthomelas sp. n. ii 480

Cyclothorax angusticoUis Blackb. iii 246
bembidioides Blackb. iii 262
brevis Blackb. iii 267
cordaticollis Blackb. iii 259
deverilli Blackb. iii 270
inaequalis Blackb. iii 249
karschi Blackb. iii 266
laetus Blackb. iii 262
micans Blackb. iii 244
montivagus Blackb. iii 253
multipunctatus Blackb. iii 252
nubicola Blackb. iii 244
oahuensis Blackb. iii 274
obscuricolor Blackb. iii 266
paradoxus Blackb. iii 263
pele Blackb. iii 254
robustus Blackb. iii 268
rupicola Sharp & Blackb. iii 244
scaritoides Blackb. iii 272
simiolus Blackb. iii 274
unctus Blackb. iii 257
vulcanus Blackb. iii 249

Cydninae iii 172, ii 534

Cylas Latr. ii 131

turcipennis Boh. ii 131

Cyminae iii 161

Cymus calvus White iii 162

criniger White iii 161

Cynipoidea ii 667

Cyrtopeltis Fieb. iii 138

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 138, ii 553

Cyrtostolus gen. n. iii 457

subalatus sp. n. iii 457

Dacnitus gen. n. iii 384

currax sp. n. iii 385
Dactylopius iii 103

adonidum Mask, iii 103

albizziae Mask, iii 103

calceolariae Mask, iii 103

vastator Mask, iii 103

virgatus Cock, iii 103
Dactylosternum Woll. iii 578

abdominale Fabr. iii 579

subquadratum Fairm. iii 578
Dacus Meig. iii 44

cucurbitae Coq. iii 45
Dafila Steph. i 461

acuta L. i 461
Dasyuris Guen. i 168

holombra sp. n. i 168, xxxix
Decadarchis Meyr. i 714

melanastra Meyr. i 714

simulans Btl. i 714
Degeeria Nic. iii 300
Deilephila Ochs. i 191

calida Butl. i 192

lineata Fabr. (livornica Esp.) i 192

pyrias sp. n. i 191

smaragditis sp. n. i 191

wilsoni Roths, i 192, xxix
Deinocossonus gen. n. ii 147

nesiotes sp. n. ii 148
Deinomimesa gen. n. i 11

cognata sp. n. i 13

INDEX

Deinotnimesa ferox sp. n. i 12

haleakalae sp. n. i 14

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 13

punae sp. n. i 13
Delphax maidis Ashm. ii 577

psylloides Leth. ii 577

pulchra Stal. ii 586
Deltocephalus hospes Kish. ii 576
Dendrophilus quatuordecimstriata Steph. iii 510
Depressaria aigentea Btl. i 496

convictella Btl. i 487

gigas Btl. i 493

gossypiella Sndrs. i 731

indecora Btl. i 497

lactea Btl. i 497

usitata Btl. i 504
Dermaptera ii 4, 690
Dermestidae iii 406, cxxxi
Uermestes Linn, iii 413

cadaverinus Fabr. iii 413

fumatus Linn, iii 419

hemipterus Linn, iii 507

surinamensis Linn, iii 428

unidentatus Fabr. iii 428

vulpinus Fabr. iii 413
Dermothrips gen. n. iii 677

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 678
Derobroscus gen. n. iii 197

micans sp. n. iii 197

politus sp. n. iii 198, cxl

solitarius sp. n. iii 198
Derolathrus gen. n. iii 430, cxxxiv

atomus sp. n. iii 431
Deroligota subg. n. Oligota iii 555
Deropristus gen. n. iii 192

blaptoides Blackb. iii 192

deroderus sp. n. iii 192

puncticeps sp. n. iii 192
Diaea Thor. ii 490

insulana Keys, ii 490, iii 342

vitellina sp. n. ii 491
Diapriidae ii 626, xlix, ciii
Diapria Latr. ii 629

drosophilae sp. n. ii 629

xenica sp. n. ii 629
Diaspis boisduvalii Sign, iii 109

costa iii 109

fioriniae Targ. iii 112

patelliforniis Sasaki iii no

rosae Mask, iii 109
Diceratothrips Bagn. iii 696

brevicornis sp. n. iii 697
Dichelia Gn. i 709

foedana Wkr. i 690

reversana Wkr. i 690

sobriana Wkr. i 690
Dicranomyia Steph. iii 7

apicalis sp. n. iii 7

brunnea sp. n. iii 8

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 7

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 8

latifrons sp. n. iii g

variabilis sp. n. iii 8
Dictyophorodelphax Swez. ii 598
Diestota Muls. & Rey. iii 566

aberrans sp. n. iii 571

angustifrons sp. n. iii 567

athetiformis sp. n. iii 566

carinata Sharp iii 569

clavicornis sp. n. iii 575

crassicornis sp. n. iii 574

Diestota currax sp. n. iii 566
frontalis sp. n. iii 570
incognita Blackb. iii 569
kauaiensis sp. n. iii 571
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 573
latifrons Sharp iii 574
latiuscula sp. n. iii 572
lurida sp. n. iii 572
rnauiensis sp. n. iii 573
mayeti Muls. & Rey. iii 571
molokaiensis sp. n. iii 567
montana Blackb. iii 568
occidentalis sp. n. iii 569
palpalis Sharp iii 574
parva Sharp iii 574
plana Sharp iii 575
puncticeps .Sharp iii 571
robusta sp. n. iii 569
rufescens Sharp iii 574
sculpturata sp. n. iii 568
sordida sp. n. iii 570
subplagiata sp. n. Hi 570
testacea Kraatz iii 571
trogophloeoides sp. n. iii 575

Dilasia Reut. iii 126

decolor White iii 126, ii 551
denigrata White iii 126

Dilophogaster How. i 324

californica How. i 324

Dimera iii 113

Dimerogonus Attems iii 330
beddardi sp. n. iii 333
carpenteri sp. n. iii 332
harnieri sp. n. iii 336
koebelei sp. n. iii 338
lankesteri sp. n. iii 336
perkinsi sp. n. iii 337
pococki sp. n. iii 334
sedgwicki sp. n. iii 334
sharpi sp. n. iii 330
sharpi var. iii 331
shipleyi sp. n. iii 332
sinclairi sp. n. iii 335

Dimidiatella Z. i 712

Dinoderus Steph. iii 643

minutus Fab. iii 643

Diomedea L. i 464

iinmutabilis Roths, i 464
nigripes Aud. i 464

Diphysa spinigera Walk, iii 79

Diplocheta iii 329

Diploiulus Bed. iii 338

luscus Mein. iii 338

Diplopoda iii 327

Diplosara Meyr. i 646

lignivora Btl. i 647

Diptera ii 697, iii I, 79, xlviii, clxxx

Diptera pupipara iii 86

Dipterina Meyr. i 697

fulvosericea sp. n. i 697
imbriferana Meyr. i 697

Diranchis Forst. i 302

monticola sp. n. i 302
rufipes sp. n. i 302

Discolomidae iii 431

Disenochus iii 200, 210

agilis sp. n. iii 202
anomalus Blackb. iii 201
aterriinus sp. n. iii 203
brevipes sp. n. iii 201
cephalotes sp. n. iii 201

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Disenochus curtipes sp. n. iii 202
erythropus sp. n. iii 204
flavitarsis sp. n. iii 202
fractus sp. n. iii 205
longipes sp. n. iii 205
micantipennis sp. n. iii 206
sulcipennis sp. n. iii 204
lerebratus Blackb. iii 211
Disthymnia Hb. i 507
Distoma clavatum Rud. ii 429
hepaticum Lutz ii 429
Distribution of animals xlvi
Disuse 1

Ditoma rugicoUis Walk, iii 430
Decophorus communis Nitz. iii 306
macgregori sp. n. iii 306
fuliginosus hawaiiensis var. n. iii 307
Dolerotbrips gen. n. iii 682

angusticeps sp. n. iii 68S
barbatus sp. n. iii 683
bicolor sp. n. iii 688
dubius sp. n. iii 691
tlavipes sp. n. iii 685
intermedius sp. n. iii 689
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 690
ovatus sp. n. iii 686
perkinsi sp. n. iii 687
sp. iii 692
Dolichopodidae iii 11, 80, cl.\.K.\iii
Dolichopus Latr. iii 80
Doryonychus gen. n. ii 465
raptor sp. n. ii 466
Doryphora Hein. i 478

Urepanidotaenia hemignathi Shipl. ii 429, 434
Drepanididae i 381, .\.\.\i
Drepanis Temm. i 398, l.xii

pacifica Gmel. i 401
Drepanorhaniphus Rothsch. i 401

funereus Newt, i 402
Dromaeolus Kiesenw. iii 386

agriotoides sp. n. iii 388
arduus sp. n. iii 388
bonvouloiri Sharp iii 387
brachycerus sp. n. iii 394
cephalotes sp. n. iii 397
collaris sp. n. iii 393
compressus sp. n. iii 390
concolor sp. n. iii 396
cuneus sp. n. iii 389
elateroides sp. n. iii 394
germanus sp. n. iii 387
grandicollis sp. n. iii 398
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 397
kauaiensis var. n. iii 398
konensis sp. n. iii 390
mauiensis sp. n. iii 392
mi.xtus sp. n. iii 391
molokaiensis sp. n. iii 395
obscurus sp. n. iii 390
obtusus Blackb. iii 393
pachyderes sp. n. iii 398
parallelus Blackb. iii 392
perkinsi sp. n. iii 386
piger sp. n. iii 396
punticeps sp. n. iii 397
pumilio sp. n. iii 399
puncticollis sp. n. iii 391
sculpluratus ISlackb. iii 392
solitarius sp. n. iii 392
sordidus sp. n. iii 389
sp. iii 394

Dromaeolus sputator sp. n. ni 395
subtilis sp. n. iii 395

Drosophilidae ii 699, iii 50, 86, clxx.\viii

Drosophila Fall, iii 55, 86

anomalipes sp. n. iii 62
carinata sp. n. iii 70
cognata sp. n. iii 69
conspicua sp. n. iii 59
crassifemur sp. n. iii 66
crucigera iii 86
exigua sp. n. iii 72
flaviceps sp. n. iii 63
haleakalae sp. n. iii 64
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 60, 86
humeralis sp. n. iii 64
inaequalis sp. n. iii 69
infuscata sp. n. iii 63
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 60
longiseta sp. n. iii 68
mauiensis sp. n. iii 67
melanosoma sp. n. iii 68
molokaiensis sp. n. iii 67
monticola sp. n. iii 69
nasalis sp. n. iii 66
nigra sp. n. iii 62
obscuricornis sp. n. iii 71
obscurifrons sp. n. iii 72
ochracea sp. n. iii 61
olaae sp. n. iii 66
parva sp. n. iii 65
paucipuncta sp. n. iii 62
perkinsi sp. n. iii 59
picticornis sp. n. iii 57
pilimana sp. n. iii 61, 86
plumosa sp. n. iii 72
polita sp. n. iii 71
pusilla sp. n. iii 70
setiger sp. n. iii 64
sharpi sp. n. iii 65
sordidapex sp. n. iii 63
sp. iii 68

undulata sp. n. iii 58
variegata sp. n. iii 57
varifrons sp. n. iii 71
xanthosoma sp. n. iii 68

Dryinidae c

Dryophthorus Schonh. ii 139, xxviii, Ixiii
brevipennis sp. n. ii 144
crassus Sharp ii 141
declivis Sharp ii 142
distinguendus sp. n. ii 140
fuscescens sp. n. ii 145
gravidus Sharp ii 141
homoeorhynchus sp. n. ii 142
insignis Sharp ii 144
insignoides sp. n. ii 144
kauaiensis sp. n. ii 143
modestus Sharp ii 142
nesiotes sp. n. ii 141
oahuensis sp. n. ii 143
peles sp. n. ii 140
pusillus Sharp ii 143
squalidus Sharp ii 139
verticalis sp. n. ii 145
Dryotribus mimeticus xlvii, cxxii
Dyscolus Blackb. iii 213

caliginosus Blackb. iii 233
mutabilis Blackb. iii 232
palmae Blackb. iii 232
tantalus Blackb. iii 214
Dyscritobaeus gen. n. ii 621

INDEX

Dyscritomyia comitans sp. n. ii 622

gen. n. iii 21, 83

affinis sp. n. iii 23

claripennis sp. n. iii 23

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 22

fulgens sp. n. iii 23

limbipennis Thorns, iii 22

sp. iii 24
Dysderidae li 444
Uysdera Latr. ii 444

crocata Koch ii 444

interrita Hentz ii 444

rubicunda Blackw. ii 444
Dysdercus Am. .Serv. iii 158

peruvianus cxciii
Dysomma gen. n. ii 151

sylvicola sp. n. ii 152
Dysphoria gen. n. i 547

semicolon sp. n. i 548
Dytiscidae iii 288, cx.\xviii

Eccoptocera gen. n. i 673, 735

foetorivorans Btl. i 674, 735
Echinococcus ii 434

Echinorhynchus campanulatus Dies, ii 441
Echthromorpha Holingr. i 336

flavo-orbitahs Cam. i 336

maculipennis Holmgr. i 336
Ecphylopsis Ashm. i 363

nigra sp. n. i 363
Eidoreus Sharp iii 415

minutus .Sharp iii 415
Elachistidae Meyr. + Plutellidae Meyr. i 508
Elachista Tr. i 513

longisquamella sp. n. i 514

spilota sp. n. i 513
Elateridae iii 368, cxxix

flightless iii 384, cxxxi
Elater humeralis Karsch iii 372

melanocephalus Thunb. iii 369
Elenchiis melanias sp. n. iii 667

melanias var. silvestris var. n. iii 667
Eleiitheroda Brunn. ii 7

dytiscoides Serv. ii 7
Elimaea .Stal. ii 8

appendiculata Brunn. ii 8
Ehpsocus Hag. ii 83

criniger sp. n. ii 85

debilis sp. n. ii 85

erythrostictus sp. n. ii 86

fngidus sp. n. ii 87

inaequifuscus sp. n. ii 86

inconstans sp. n. ii 84

micramaurus sp. n. ii 87

montanus sp. n. ii 83

psylloides sp. n. ii 85

vinosus M'Lachl. ii 86
Embiidae ii 88
Emesiidae iii 151, xUx
Emoia cyanura Stejn. i 367
Emperoptera gen. n. iii 81, xlviii

mirabilis sp. n. iii 81
Emporius Ganglb. iii 429
Enarmonia Hb. i 683, 736

conspicua sp. n. i 684

crassicornis sp. n. 1 685

obliqua sp. n. i 686

storeella sp. n. i 686

walsinghami Btl. i 684, 736
Encyrtidae i 314, li 630, cv
Encyrtus Latr. i 321

F. H.

Encyrtus fiiscus How. i 321

insularis Cam. i 321
Endemic fauna xlvi
Endodonta alata Pfeiff. (Picrodiscus) ii 292

apiculata Ancey ii 287

baldwini Ancey ii 289

binaria Pfeiff. ii 289

capillata Pease ii 289

contorta Yir. ( Thaumatodon) ii 288

decussatula Pease {Ne.wphild) ii 290

distans Pease [Nesophila) ii 290

elisae .4ncey (Nesophila) ii 290

hystricella Pfeiff. {Thauiiiatodon) ii 288

hystrix .\Iigh. {Nesophila) ii 290

jugosa Migh. {Nesophila) ii 290

lamcllosa F^r. ii 287

laminata Pease ii 287

lanaiensis Sykes {Nesophihi) ii 291

nuda Ancey {Thaumatodon) ii 288

paucicostata Pease {Nesophila) ii 291

ringens Sykes {Thaumatodon) ii 288

rugata Pease ( Thaumatodon) ii 289

sp. {Nesophila) ii 291

stellula Gould {Nesophila) ii 291

tiara Migh. {Nesophila) ii 291

wesleyi Sykes {Pterodiscus) ii 292
Endrosis Hb. i 648

betulinella Hb. i 649

fenestrella Stn. i 649

kennicottella Clms. i 649

lacteella Stgr.-Wkr. i 649

sarcitea Hw. i 649

sarcitella Hw. i 649
Enicospilus Curt, i 345, ii 677

capnodes sp. n. ii 679

castaneus 5p. n. i 349

dimidiatus Perk, ii 679

dispilus Perk, ii 679

henshawi sp. n. i 349

kaalae sp. n. i 347, ii 678

longicornis sp. n. i 350

mauicola sp. n. i 347

molokaiensis sp. n. i 349
.^ nigrolineatus sp. n. i 348

semirufus Perk, ii 678

tyrannus sp. n. ii 678

variegatus sp. n. i 348

waimeae sp. n. i 348
Entedon hagenowii Ratz. i 329
Entomobryidae iii 300
Entomobrya Rond. iii 300

insularis sp. n. iii 301

kalakaua sp. n. iii 301
Entozoa ii 427
Eocerus gen. n. iii 412

depressus sp. n. iii 412
Eopenthes .Sharp iii 370

ambiguus Blackb. iii 380

antennatus sp. n. iii 378

arduus sp. n. iii 378

auratus sp. n. iii 371

basalis Sharp iii 371

caeruleus sp. n. iii 370

celatus sp. n. iii 376

cognatus sp. n. iii 375

debilis Sharp iii 380

deceptor sp. n. iii 374

divisus sp. n. iii 374

funebris sp. n. iii 377

germanus sp. n. iii 373

gracilis sp. n. iii 376

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Eopenthes humeralis Karsch. iii ;
kauaiensis sp. n. iii 373
konae Blackb. iii 375
longicollis sp. n. iii 371
marginatus sp. n. iii 381
mauiensis sp. n. iii 376
muticus sp. n. iii 3S0

172

oahuensis sp.

378

obscurus Sharp iii 372
pallipes sp. n. iii 373
parvulus sp. n. iii 381
perkinsi sp. n. iii 374
plebeius sp. n. iii 377
politus sp. n. iii 373
satelles ISlackb. iii 379
tarsalis sp. n. iii 381
tinctus sp. n. iii 379
unicolor sp. n. iii 377
varians sp. n. iii 379

Epagoge Hb. i 709

argentinotata sp. n. i 711
infaustana sp. n. i 709
pernitida sp. n. i 710
xanthogona sp. n. i 710

Epeira caudata Hentz ii 478
nautica Koch ii 482
oculata Walck. ii 478
pullata Thor. ii 482
strangulata Koch ii 478
turbinata Walck. ii 478
walckenaeri Keys, ii 478

Ephestia Guen. i 196

albosparsa Butl. i 196
desuetella Walk, i ig6
elutella Hub. i 196
ficulella Barr. i 196
humeralis Butl. i 196

Ephestiodes Rag. i 196

erythrella Rag. i ig6
gilvescentella Rag. i 196
infimella Rag. i 196

Ephydridae iii 49, 85, cl.xxxviii

Epitragus Latr. ii 252

diremptus Karsch ii 252

Epitranus Walk, i 305

lacteipennis Cam. i 305

Epitrix Foudr. ii 95

parvula Fabr. ii 95, cxiv

Epyris Westw. i 286

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 286

Eremotylus Forst. i 345

orbitalis sp. n. i 345

Ereunetis Meyr. i 714, 737

flavistriata sp. n. i 716
iuloptera Meyr. i 714
melanastra Meyr. i 715
minuscula Wlsm. i 716, 737
simulans Btl. i 715, 737
zebrina Btl. i 715

Ergatis Hein. i 478

Erigone Aud. ii 460

litoralis Koch ii 461
vagans Aud. ii 460

Erinna A. Adams ii 393

newcombi A. Adams ii 393

Eriococcus Targ. iii 102

araucariae Mask, iii 102

Eris niveipalpis Gerst. ii 511

Eristalis Latr. iii 19, 82

punctulatus Macq. iii 82
tenax Linn, iii 19

Erotylidae iii 415, cxxxii
Ethmia Hb. i 507

colonella sp. n. i 507

hilarella Btl. i 507
Euchiradia Hb. i 477
Euchromius Guen. iii 356

bella Butl. non Hiib. i 197

ocelleus Haw. i 197, iii 356
Eucnemidophorus Wlgrn. i 472
Eucnemini iii 385
Eucoilinae ii 667
Eucoila Westw. ii 674

hygrophila sp. n. {Psichacrd) ii 675

orcias sp. n. {Psichacrd) ii 674

orobates sp. n. {Psichacra) ii 675
Eucoilidea micromorpha sp. n. ii 676
Eucymatoge Hiib. i 159, iii 349

craterias sp. n. i 163, iii 349

dryinombra sp. n. i 161

monticolans Butl. i 164, iii 349

niphoreas sp. n. i 162

orichloris sp. n. i 163

phaeocausta sp. n. i 160

prasinombra sp. n. i 162

rhodopyra sp. n. i 162

scoriodes sp. n. i 160

staurophragma sp. n. i 161
Eudiestota gen. n. iii 565

grandis sp. n. iii 565
Eulachus hispidus Blackb. iii 430
Eulophidae i 326, ii 657, cvii
Eulophus Geolifr. i 332

citripes sp. n. i 332
Eulota Hart, ii 293

similaris F^r. ii 293
Eumenidae ii 607, Ixxxix
Eumerus Meig. iii 82

marginatus sp. n. iii 82
Eunitidula gen. n. iii 451

sublaevis sp. n. iii
Eucphrys delibuta Koch li
Eupelminae ii 630
Eupelminus D. T. i 315

subapterus sp. n. i
Eupelmus Dalm. i 315, ii

achreiodes sp. n. ii

amaurodes sp. n. ii 647

aporostichus sp. n. ii 648

asthenes sp. n. ii 641

axestias sp. n. ii 636

axestops sp. n. ii 638

basileius sp. n. ii 651

caerulophantes sp. n. ii 646

chalcoprepes sp. n. ii 645

chloropus sp. n. ii 643

chrysopinus sp. n. ii 640

dryas sp. n. ii 643

dysombrias sp. n. ii 637

dysoplias sp. n. ii 652

epilamprops sp. n. ii 642

epimelas sp. n. ii 646

euoplias sp. n. ii 644

euprepes sp. n. ii 639

eustichus sp. n. ii 649

flavipes Cam. i 319

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 319

hemixanthus sp. n. ii 649

heterosomus sp. n. ii 647

konae sp. n. i 317

leptophyas sp. n. ii 642

leucothrix sp. n. ii 650

452
512

315
630
648

INDEX

Eupelmus melanacrias sp. n. ii 645

melanotarsus sp. n. ii 652

molokaiensis sp. n. i 318

monas sp. n. ii 641

niger sp. n. i 316

ombrias sp. n. ii 636

oreias sp. n. ii 640

oribates sp. n. ii 639

paraleucothri.x sp. n. ii 651

parasthenes sp. n. ii 641

para.xestops sp. n. ii 637

parombrias sp. n. ii 636

pauroxanthus sp. n. ii 650

peles sp. n. ii 644

pelodes sp. n. ii 649

pelopus sp. n. ii 645

rhodias sp, n. ii 638

rhododorus sp. n. ii 647

rhyncogoni Perk, ii 635

setigei' sp. n. ii 634

splendissimus sp. n. i 317

subsetiger sp. n. ii 635

vulgaris sp. n. i 318

xanthodonis sp. n. ii 639

xanthopus sp. n. i 319

xanthotarsus sp. n. ii 651

xestias sp. n. ii 635

xestops sp. n. ii 637
Euperissus Btl. i 643, 735

cristatus Btl. i 643, 735
Eupetinus gen. n. iii 461

aper Sharp iii 470

bicolor Blackb. iii 465

brevicollis sp. n. iii 469

brevicornis sp. n. iii 472

curtus sp. n. iii 466

derasus sp. n. iii 462

dubius sp. n. iii 472

dubius var. iii 472

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 464

impressus Sharp iii 463

insignis sp. n. iii 461

laevigatas sp. n. iii 473

laevigatas var. molokaiensis var. n. iii 474

lanaiensis sp. n. iii 471

lanaiensis var. mauiensis var. n. iii 471

latimargo sp. n. iii 473

niarginatus sp. n. iii 471

obscurus sp. n. iii 462

obsoletus Sharp iii 467

omalioides Sharp iii 469

priscus sp. n. iii 465

sculptus sp. n. iii 467

sculplus var. parcus var. n. iii 468

spretus Blackb. iii 468

striatus Sharp iii 465

subaper sp. n. iii 463

sulcatus sp. n. iii 466

tardus sp. n. iii 470
Eupithecia monticolens Butl. i 164
Eurycreon litorea Meyr. i 224
Eurymelini ii 576
Eurytomidae ii 630, cv
Eurytoma 111. ii 630
Eusipalia gen. n. iii 576

brachyptera sp. n. iii 576
Eutettix perkinsi Kirk, ii 559
Euthyrrhapha Burm. ii 7

pacifica Coqueb. ii 7
Eu.xesta Loew iii 44, 85

annonae Fabr. iii 44, 85

Euxestus Well, iii 415

minor Sharp iii 415
Evagora Clem, i 478
Evaniidae i 333, cviii
Evania Fabricius i 333

appendigaster Linne i 334

sericea Cam. i 333
Evaspidiotus hederae Leon, iii 109
Evergestis Hiib. iii 361

anastomosalis Guen. iii 361
Eysarcoris Hahn iii 171

insularis Dall. iii 172
Exochus femoralis Grav. i 340

Falagria currax Sharp iii 578
Fallia Sharp iii 433

elongata sp. n. iii 433
Fauna xxiv
Figitidae ci\-, ii 667
Filaria immitis Leidy ii 428
Fiorinia Sign, iii 112

camelliae Comst. iii 112

fioriniae Green iii 112

pellucida Targ. iii 112
Flightlessness xlviii
Flora xxiv, Ivii
Flowers, inconspicuous xxx
Forficuloidea ccxii
Forficula hawaiiensis Brunn. ii 5
Formicaleo perjurus Walk, ii 61

wilsoni M^Lachl. ii 62
Fornax bonvouloiri Sharp iii 387

obtusus Blackb. iii 393
Fregata Cuv. "Iwa" i 461

aquila L. i 461
Frickella Pfeiff. ii 379

amoena Pfeiff. ii 379
Frost xxiii

Fulgoridae cciv, iii 116
Fulgormae iii 117
Fulica L. i 455

alai Peale i 456
Fuligula Staph, i 461

marila L. i 461

vallisneria A. Wils. i 461

Gallinago Steph. i 451

delicata Ord. i 45 1
Gallinula Briss. i 454

galeata Bon. i 455
Garypidae ii 518
Gary pus Koch ii 51S

personatus sp. n. ii 51S
Gehyra mutilata Wieg. i 367
Gelechiadae clxiii, i 478, 731
Gelerhia Hb. i 731

adreptella Wkr. i 654

gossypiella Sndrs. i 731

incertella Wkr. i 515

operculella (> Bryotropha) i 483
Genophantis Meyr. i 195

iodora Meyr. i 195, iii 355
Geoligia DoUf. ii 525

perkinsi sp. n. ii 525
Geophilidae iii 326
Geophilomorpha iii 326
Geotomus Muls. & Rey. iii 172

jucundus White iii 172

pygmaeus Uall. ii 534, iii 172

subtristis White iii 172
Gerridae cxcviii, iii 157

C 2

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Glyptogastra Ashm. i 338

ashmeadi sp. n. ii 677
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 338

Clyptoma Erichs. iii 538

blackburni Sharp iii 538
brevipenne Sharp iii 539

Gnamptopsilopus Aldr. iii 11, 80
palHdicornis sp. n. iii 12
patellifer Thorns, iii 11, 80

Gnathocerus Thunb. ii 252

cornutus Fabr. ii 252

Gnathohgota subg. n. OHgota iii 556

Gnatholymnaeum gen. n. iii 276
blackburni sp. n. iii 276

Godwinia gen. n. ii 277

caperata Gould ii 277
tenella Gould ii 27S

Gonatocerinae ii 661

Gonatopus Ljungh i 293

haleakalae sp. n. i 293
perkinsi sp. n. i 293

Goniocotes chinensis sp. n. iii 311

Gonioryctus Sharp iii 440

acuminatus sp. n. iii 441
anticatus sp. n. iii 448
arduus sp. n. iii 447
bifarius sp. n. iii 447
blackburni Sharp iii 449
calvus sp. n. iii 443
dissimilis sp. n. iii 446
elegans sp. n. iii 443
extraneus sp. n. iii 449
fugitivus Blackb. iii 438
haleakalae sp. n. iii 443
kauaiensis sp. n. iii 440
koae sp. n. iii 441
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 446
latus Sharp iii 445
latus var. dubius var. n. iii 445
mauiensis sp. n. iii 440
molokaiensis sp. n. iii 441
monticola Sharp iii 451
oahuensis sp. n. iii 444
oppositus sp. n. iii 450
pusillus sp. n. iii 449
similis Blackburn iii 445
sp.? iii 443, 444
suavis sp. n. iii 442
vicinus sp. n. iii 447

Goniothorax gen. n. iii 436

conicicoUis sp. n. iii 436
cuneatus sp. n. iii 437
elongatus sp. n. iii 437
ereniitus sp. n. iii 439
foveatus sp. n. iii 439
fugitivus Blackb. iii 438
inaequalis sp. n. iii 438
plebeius sp. n. iii 437
perkinsi sp. n. iii 438

Gonitis sabulifera Guen. i 158

Gracilaria Hw. i 721

convolvuliella Mn. i 723
epibathra sp. n. i 722
marginestrigata sp. n. i 721
praeangusta Hw. i 508

Gryllodea ii 14, ccxvi, ii 688

(iryllodes Sauss. ii 15

poeyi Sauss. ii 15

Gryllotalpa Lair, ii 14

africana Fabr. ii 14

Gryllus ii 14, 688

Gryllus innotabilis Walk, ii 14
Gygis Wag. i 464

alba Sp. i 464
Gypsonoma Meyr. i 676, 736

leprarum sp. n. i 676, 736

Habrobracon Ashm. ii 684

Haematobia Desv. iii 29

serrata Desv. iii 29

Halobates Eschsch. iii 158

sericeus Eschsch. iii 158

Haloxenus gen. n. ii 148

immigrans sp. n. ii 149

Halticaria Kirk, iii 139

Hapa White iii 126

Haptoncus Murr. iii 507

mundus Sharp iii 508
tetragonus Murr. iii 508

Harpalini iii 190

Hasarius Sim. ii 511

adansoni Aud. ii 511, iii 344
garetti Keys, ii 511
paykuUi Sim. ii 512

Hastula Mill, i 709

hyerana Mill, i 709

Hawaiian group, age of Ix

Hawaii, island xxi, Ixxii

Hednota hydrophila Meyr. i 199
oxyptera Meyr. i 199

Helcogaster Boh. iii 368

pectinatus Sharp iii 368, cxxix

Helegonatopus Perk, ii 655

Helicinidae ii 396

Helicina Lam. ii 396

antoni Pfeiff. ii 397
bronniana Phil, ii 397
constricta Pfeiff. ii 396
crassilabris Phil, ii 397
fulgora Gould ii 397
laciniosa Migh. ii 396
magdalenae Ancey ii 396
pisum Phil, ii 397
rotelloidea Migh. ii 397
sandwichiensis Soul, ii 397
uberta Gould ii 397

Helicter hutchinsonii Pease ii 350
proximus Pease ii 316

Heliothis Ochs. i 152, iii 346

armigera HUb. i 152, iii 346

Heliothrips Hal. iii 698

haemorrhoidalis Bouch^ iii 698
rubrocinctus Giard iii 699

Helicidae ii 292

Helix alata Pfeiff. ii 355

barnaclei Smith {Merope) ii 292
barrakporensis Pfr. ii 285
binaria Pfeiff. ii 289
byronii Wood ii 306
capillata Pease ii 289
chamissoi Pfeiff. ii 280
cicercula Gould ii 283
contorta Ft5r. ii 288
cryptoportica Gould ii 279
decora Fer. ii 304
decussatula Pease ii 290
disculus Pfeiff. ii 283
distans Pease ii 290
exaequata Gould ii 283
exserta Pfeiff. ii 293
filocostata Pease ii 291
fornicata Gould ii 293

INDEX

Helix fricki Pfeiff. ii 287

gravida Fer. ii 349

hawaiensis Pfeiff. ii 279

hystricella Pfeiff. ii 28S

hystrix Pfeiff. ii 290

intercarinata Migh. ii 288

jugosa Mijjh. ii 290

lamellosa Fi^r. ii 287

laminata Pease ii 287

lorata F^r. {Cochlo£;t'iia) ii 303

luteola Yix. {Cochlogena) ii 346

nevvcombi Pfeiff. ii 277

obtusangula Pfeiff. ii 283

paucicostata Pease ii 291

pauxillus Gould ii 279

pusillus Gould ii 279

rubiginosa Gould ii 290

rugata Pease ii 289

sandwichensis Pfeiff. ii 293

setigera Gould ii 290

similaris Fer. ii 293

spirizona F^r. {CocJilogena) ii 344

stellula Gould ii 291

subrutila Migh. ii 285

subtilissima Gould ii 285

textilis Fer. {Helicteres) ii 345

tiara Migh. ii 291

tristis Fdr. {Helicteres) ii 346

turritella Fdr. {Coc/ilogena) ii 346

ventulus Yir. (Helicteres) ii 347

vulpina Fdr. ii 327
Hellula Gucn. i 227, iii 361

undalis Fabr. i 227, iii 361
Helops piceus Ol. ii 253
Hemerobiidae ii 36, 691, clxxi
Hemidactylus Gray i 366

garnotii D. & B. i 366
Hemignathus Licht. i 421

lanaiensis Rothsch. i 425

lichtensteini Wils. i 425

obscurus Gmel. i 425

procerus Cab. i 426
Hemiphyllodactylus leucostictus Stejn. i 367
Hemiptarsenus Westw. i 330

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 330
Hemiptera iii 93, ii 531, clxxxix
Hemitelini i 334
Hemiteles Grav. i 334

melitaeae Ashm. i 335

tenellus Say i 335

variegatus Ashm. i 334
Henicopidae iii 325
Henoticus Thorns, iii 423

serratus Gyll. iii 423
Hesperobaenus Lee. iii 434

capito Fairm. iii 434, cxxxiv
Hesperophanides ii 96
Heteractitis .Stejn. "Ulili" i 450

incana Gmel. i 451
Heteramphus Sharp ii 152, cxxiii

cylindricus Sharp ii 154

filicum sp. n. ii 152

foveatus Sharp ii 152

frater sp. n. ii i 53

haleakalae sp. n. ii 153

hirtellus Sharp ii 154

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 154

molokaiensis sp. n. ii 153

nivicola sp. n. ii 154

wollastoni Sharp ii 152
Heterocrossa Meyr. i 654, 735

Heterocrossa achroana Meyr. i 671

atronotata sp. n. i 669

bicincta sp. n. i 661

cervinella sp. n. i 667

corticella sp. n. i 662

corticella \ar. n. i 664

crinifera sp. n. i 657

dispar sp. n. i 661

distincta sp. n. i 666

divaricata sp. n. i 665

ferruginea sp. n. i 664

gemmata sp. n. i 660

gracillima sp. n. i 672

graminicolor sp. n. i 654

graminis sp. n. i 658

herbarum sp. n. i 658, 735

inscripta sp. n. i 669

irrorata sp. n. i 668

latifasciata sp. n. i 662

mauii sp. n. i 668

nigromaculata sp. n. i 666, 735

nigronotata sp. n. i 656

olivaceonitens sp. n. i S^j-

pipeiatella van n. i 663

plumbeonitida sp. n. i 054

puuctulata sp. n. i 671

pusilla sp. n. i 670, 735

pygiiiaeella sp. n. i 662

semitogata var. n. i 662

solutella sp. n. i 672

subolivacea sp. n. i 655

subumbrata sp. n. i 660, 735

tincta sp. n. i 659

togata sp. n. i 665

trigononotata sp. n. i 670

viridis sp. n. i 656
Heterophaga lateralis Boh. ii 253

pandanicola Fairm. ii 253
Heteropoda Latr. ii 504

regia Fabr. iii 343, ii 504

venatoria ii 504
Heteroptera iii 125, ii 533
Heterorhynchus Lafr. i 426

affinis Rothsch. i 430

hanapepe Wils. i 430

lucidus Licht. i 430

wilsoni Rothsch. i 430
Heterotomaria Kirk, iii 132
Hevaheva gen. n. iii 113, ii 598

monticola Kirk, ii 598

perkinsi sp. n. iii 113

silvestris Kirk, ii 598
Hexaplasta Forst. i 304

konensis sp. n. i 304
Hiniantopus Briss. i 452

knudseni Stejn. i 453
Himatione Cab. i 407

sanguinea Gmel. i 408
Hippoboscidae iii 77
Histeridae iii 598, cxx.xvi
Hodegia gen. n. i 488

apatela sp. n. i 4S8
Holcobius Sharp iii 581

affinis sp. n. iii 5S3

diversus sp. n. iii 583

frater sp. n. iii 585

glabricollis Sharp iii 584

granulatus Sharp iii 584

haleakalae sp. n. iii 582

haleakalae var. chrysodytus n. iii 583

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 583

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Holcobius insignis sp. n. iii 582

major sp. n. iii 582

minor sp. n. iii 584

simplex sp. n. iii 584

simulans sp. n. iii 582
Holepyris Kieff. ii 615

hospes sp. n. ii 615
Holobus Solier iii 555
Holochila blackburni Tuely i 194
Holochlora Stal. ii 687

venosa ii 687
Holocorynus gen. n. iii 550

subdepressus sp. n. iii 551
Homalomyia Bouche iii 30, 84

canicularis Linn, iii 30

femorata iii 84
Homalota coriaria Kraatz iii 577
Homoeosoma Curt, i 196

amphibola sp. n. i 197, iii 356

humeralis Butl. i ig6, iii 355
Homona Wkr. i 703
Homoptera iii 102, ii 555
Hoploderma = Hoplophora Kocli iii 704

dasypus Dug&s iii 704
Hoplogaster Rond. iii 43

dubia sp. n. iii 43
Hormius Nees ii 685

peregrinus sp. n. ii 685, c,\i
Howardia Berl. & Leon, iii 1 1 1

biclavis Comst. iii 112

eugeniae Mask, iii 112

prunicola Mask, iii 112
Hyalinia baldwini Ancey ii 279
Hyalopeplus Stftl. iii 143

pellucidus St41. iii 143, ii 553
Hydriomenidae iii 349, c.\lix
Hydriomena Hi.ib. i 164

aphoristis sp. n. i 165
Hydrobius Leach iii 57S

nesiticus sp. n. iii 578

seniicylindricus Eschsch. iii 578
Hydroessa Burni. iii 157
Hydrophilidae iii 578, cxxxviii
Hydrophilus semicvlindricus Eschsch. iii 578
Hydrotaea Desv. iii 29
Hymenia Hub. i 206, iii 358

recurvahs Fab. (fascialis Cram.) i 206, iii 358
Hymenoptera ii 600, Ixxiii
Hymenoptera Aculeata i i
Hymenoptera Parasitica i 277
Hypena obsoleta Butl. i 157
Hypenodes Guen. i 153, iii 347

altivolans Butl. i 155, iii 347

arrhecta sp. n. iii 347

cyanias sp. n. i 154

epichalca sp. n. i 154

oxygramma sp. n. i 154

sarothrura sp. n. i 155, iii 347
Hypenomyia gen. n. iii 53

varipennis sp. n. iii 54
Hyperdasys gen. n. i 640

arundinicolor sp. n. i 641

cryptogamiellus sp. n. i 642

semiustus sp. n. i 640

unicolor sp. n. i 642
Hyperectis gen. n. iii 356

dioctias sp. n. iii 357
Hyperoniorpha Blackb. ii 139

squamosa ii 139
Hypocala Guen. i 159

andremona Cram, i 159, iii 348

Hypodiranchis gen. n. i 303

havvaiiensis sp. n. i 303
Hyponomeutidae i 508, 734, clxv
Hyposmocoma Btl. i 549, 734

abjecta Btl. i 559, 734

adelphella sp. n. i 615

adjacens var. n. i 567

admirationis sp. n. i 580

adolescens sp. n i 587

advena sp. n. i 569

albifrontella sp. n. i 565

albonivea sp. n. i 599

alliterata sp. n. i 600, 734

arenella sp. n. i 627

argentea sp. n. i 596, 734

atrovittella sp. n. i 555

auripennis Btl. i 571

auroargentea sp. n. i 570

auropurpurea sp. n. i 614

bacillella sp. n. i 601

barbata sp. n. i 635

bella sp. n. i 614

belophora sp. n. i 631

bilineata sp. n. i 573

blackburnii Btl. i 549, 559, 561, 734

brevistrigata sp. n. i 633

butalidella sp. n. i 578

calva sp. n. i 617

candidella var. n. i 564

canella sp. n. i 602

carbonenotata sp. n. i 599

carnea sp. n. i 610

centralis sp. n. i 636

chilonella sp. n. i 637

chilonella var. n. i 637

cincta sp. n. i 566

cinereosparsa sp. n. i 603

commensella sp. n. i 558

conditella sp. n. i 620

continuella sp. n. i 577

costimaculata sp. n. i 572

cupreoniaculata sp. n. i 561

discella sp. n. i 553

discolor sp. n. i 633

divisa sp. n. i 554

domicolens Btl. i 562, suffusella i 564

dorsella sp. n. i 605, 734

dubia var. n. i 590

emendata sp. n. i 587

enixa sp. n. i 586

ensifer sp. n. i 588

epicharis sp. n. i 639

evanescens sp. n. i 574

exornata sp. n. i 550

fallacella sp. n. i 605

falsimella sp. n. i 606

ferricolor sp. n. i 575

fervida sp. n. i 626

flavicosta var. n. i 551

fractinubella sp. n. i 592

fractistriata sp. n. i 635

fractivittella sp. n. i 593

fulvida sp. n. i 608

fulvocervina sp. n. i 610

fuscopurpurea sp. n. i 582

fuscotogata sp. n. i 634

geminella sp. n. i 594

genitalis sp. n. i 592

haleakalae Btl. i 573

humerovittella sp. n. i 566

illuminata sp. n. i 570

INDEX

Hyposmocoma impunctata sp. n. i 575
indicella ap. n. i 577
inflexa sp. n. i 632
inttrniixta sp. n. i 593
inversella sp. n. i 615
iodes sp. n. i 621
irregularis sp. n. i 626
labetella sp. n. i 557
lacertella sp. n. i 582
lactea sp. n. i 597
lacticretella sp. n. i 597
leporella sp. n. i 558
limata sp. n. i 568
lineata sp. n. i 579
liturata sp. n. i 622
li.xiviella sp. n. i 623
longitudinalis sp. n. i 636
lucifer sp. n. i 574
ludificata sp. n. i 579
lugens sp. n. i 586
lunifer sp. n. i 584
lupella sp. n. i 563
lupella + suffusella Wlsni. i 734
maestella sp. n. i 610
malornata sp. n. i 619
marginenotata sp. n. i 585
mediella sp. n. i 565, 734
metallica sp. n. i 576
metrosiderella sp. n. i 616
minienia sp. n. i 613
mimica sp. n. i 622
modesta sp. n. i 604
montivolans Btl. i 620
nebulifera sp. n. i 555, 734
nebulifera sp. n. i 628, 735
niger sp. n. i 582
nigralbida sp. n. i 551
nigrescens sp. n. i 581
nigrodentata sp. n. i 600
niveiceps sp. n. i 583
nividorsella sp. n. i 552
notabilis sp. n. i 556
numida sp. n. i 581
obliterata sp. n. i 601
obscura sp. n. i 609
ocellata sp. n. i 586
ochreocervina sp. n. i 612
ochreociliata sp. n. i 618
ochreovittella sp. n. i 606
oculifera sp. n. i 551
ossea sp. n. i 595
pallidipalpis sp. n. i 591
paradoxa sp. n. i 613
parda Btl. i 623
partita sp. n. i 554
patriciella sp. n. i 577
percondita var. n. i 638
persimilis sp. n. i 598
phalacra sp. n. i 625
phantasmatella sp. n. i 595
picticornis sp. n. i 594
progressa sp. n. i 561
propinqua sp. n. i 580
pseudolita sp. n. i 625
pucciniella sp. n. i 589
punctifiimella sp. n. i 584
punctiplicata sp. n. i 584
quadripunctata sp. n. i 607
quadristriata sp. n. i 581
quinquemaculata sp. n. i 619
radiatella sp. n. i 634, 735

Hyposmocoma rhabdophora sp. n. i 571
roseofulva sp. n. i 611
rubescens sp. n. i 628
rusius sp. n. i 614
sabulella sp. n. i 565
saccophora sp. n. i 604
saliaris sp. n. i 624
scandeus sp. n. i 609
scepticella sp. n. i 590
schismatica sp. n. i 603
scolopax sp. n. i 629
semifuscata sp. n. i 589
sideritis sp. n. i 608
similis sp. n. i 617
somatodes sp. n. i 630

spp..? 1

624

stigmatella sp. n. i 591
straminella sp. n. i 576
subargentea sp. n. i 596
subcitrella sp. n. i 632
subflavidella sp. n. i 569
sublimata sp. n. i 568
subnitida sp. n. i 639
subscolopax sp. n. i 629
subsericea sp. n. i 611
sudorella sp. n. i 607
suffusa var. n. i 563
syrrhaptes sp. n. i 612
tarsimaculata sp. n. i 618, 734
tenuipalpis sp. n. i 557
tetraonella sp. n. i 630
thoracella sp. n. i 568
tomentosa sp. n. i 605
torella sp. n. i 627
torquata sp. n. i 556
tricincta sp. n. i 588
trilunella sp. n. i 583
trimaculata sp. n. i 598
triocellata var. n. i 637
tripartita sp. n. i 567
trossulella sp. n. i 554, 734
turdella sp. n. i 631
unistriata sp. n. i 578
venosa var. n. i 638
vermiculata sp. n. i 585
vicina sp. n. i 607
vinitolor sp. n. i 615
virgata sp. n. i 572
Hypothenemiis Westw. ii 180
griseus Blackb. ii 180
insularis sp. n. ii 181
maculicollis Sharp ii 180
ruliceps sp. n. ii iSi
sylvicola sp. n. ii 181

Icerya Sign, iii 102

purchasi Mask, iii 102

Ichneumonidae cviii, i 334, ii 676

Ichneumon appendigaster Lin. i 334
femoralis Fourcr. i 340

Idechthis Forst. i 355

oahuensis sp. n. i 355

Idia pleuralis Thoms. iii 28

Idiomyia gen. n. iii 50

heteroneura sp. n. ii 699
oahuensis sp. n. iii 52
obscaripes sp. n. iii 52
perkinsi sp. n. iii 51
picta sp. n. iii 53
silvestris sp. n. ii 700

Immigrant species xliv

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Imported species xliv
Incilaria bilineata Bens, ii 286
Inostemnia Hal. ii 626

abnormis sp. n. ii 626
Interbreeding xli
lolania gen. n. iii 1 18

perkinsi sp. n. iii i ig
Ischiodontus Cand. iii 369

hawaiiensis Cand. iii 369
Ischiogonus Wesm. i 362, ii 684

palliatiis Cam. i 362

pallidiceps sp. n. ii 684
Isometrus macuiatus de Geer ii 517
Isoptera clxxiv
Isosoma Walk, ii 630
Isotonia Bourl. iii 302

perkinsi sp. n. iii 302
Ithamar gen. n. iii 169

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 170, ii 534, cxciii
Itodacnus Sharp iii 382

blackburnianus sp. n. iii 383

chloroticus sp. n. iii 384

collaris sp. n. iii 384

coruscus Karsch iii 382

gracilis Sharp iii 382

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 383

major sp. n. iii 382

sordidiis sp. n. iii 383

Japygidae iii 293
Japyx Hal. iii 293

sharpi sp. n. iii 293
Jassidae iii 1 16

Jotus microphthalmus Koch ii 512
Julidae iii ^;8

Kahoolawe xvi
Kalania Kirk, ii 553

hawaiiensis ii 553
Kaliella Blandf. ii 285

konaensis Sykes ii 286

Kamehameha gen. n.

137

lunalilo sp. n. iii
Kauai xviii
Kauaia nom. n. ii 355
Kelisia Fieb. ii 578

paludLim sp. n. ii 579

sporobolicola sp. n. ii 578

swezeyi sp. n. ii 578
Kermicus Newst. iii 104

bambusae Mask, iii 104
Klinophilos Kirk, iii 129, ii 552

lectularius Linne iii 129
Koanoa gen. n. iii 136

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 136, ii 554

Labdia deliciosella Wkr. i 514
Labeo hawaiiensis sp. n. i 294
Labetis Waterh. ii 250

comitans sp. n. ii 251

hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 250

sp..' ii 252

tibialis Waterh. ii 251
Labia pygidiata Dubr. ii 4
Labidura icterica Serv. ii 690
Labiella conipacta Pease ii 359

pachystonia Pease ii 367

tenebrosa Pease ii 37 i

turgidula Pease ii 371

Labrocerus Sharp iii 406
affinis sp. n.
concolor Sharp iii
curticornis sp. n
dasytoides sp. n.
flavicornis sp. n.

407
iii 407
iii 409
410

Labulla

gravidas sp. n. ni 407
jaynei Sharp iii 408
laticornis sp. n. iii 408
moerens sp. n. iii 406
obscurus Blackb. iii 408
obsoletus sp. n. iii 409
pallipes sp. n. iii 410
quadrisignatus sp. n. iii
setosus sp. n. iii 410
simplex iii 407
sp. iii 409

suffusus sp. n. iii 41 1
vestitus sp. n. iii 409
Sim. ii 462
graphica sp. n. ii 46;

411

"3
13

torosa sp. n. ii 464, iii 341

Laemophloeus Cast, iii 425

aeneus Sharp iii 426
minutus Oliv. iii 425

Lagocheirus Thorns, ii 113
araneiformis Sharp ii
obsoletus Thoms. ii

Laniiini ii 113

Lamia aedificator Fabr. iii 650
bankii Fabr. ii 114
nutator Fabr. ii 114

Laminella Pfeiff. ii 348

albida Pfeiff. ii 344
depicta Baldw. ii 348
electa Pease ii 349
ferussaci Pfeiff. ii 351
luctuosa Pfeiff. ii 338
luteola Fdr. ii 346
mastersi Newc. ii 339

Lamnonyx spissus Wood iii 326

Lamprotes Hein. i 478

Lamyctes fulvicornis Mein.
hawaiiensis var. n.
heterotarsus sp. n.

Lanai xx

Larus barrovianus Ridg. i
californicus Lawr.
delawarensis Ord.
franklini Sw. & R,

32s
325

325

464
1 465
1 465
465

glaucus Br. i 464
Philadelphia Ord. i 465
Lasiochilus Reut. iii 126

decolor White ii 551
denigrata White iii 126,
montivagus Kirk, ii 552
nubigenus Kirk, ii 552
silvicola Kirk, ii 552
Lasioderma serricorne F. iii 614
Lathridiidae iii 421
Lathridius nodifer Westw. iii 421
Lathrostizus insularis sp. n. i 355
Laurentia insularis Butl. i 166
Laverna abjecta Btl. i 559
aspersa Btl. i 529
corvina Btl. i 553
domicolens Btl. i 562
parda Btl. i 623, 620
sarcitella Crt. i 649
Laysan xvii
Lebiides iii 288

n 551

INDEX

Lecanium Biirm. iii 105

acuminatum Sign, iii 105
chiriniollae Mask, iii 106
coffeae Walk, iii 105
depressum Targ. iii 106
hemisphaericum Targ. iii 105
hesperidum Mask, iii 105
hibernaculorum Boisd. iii 105
longulum Dougl. iii 106
mori Sign, iii 106
nigrum Nietn. iii 106
oleae Sign, iii 106
perforatum Newst. iii 106
tessellatum Sign, iii 106

Leimacis peregrina sp. n. ii 661

Leiolopisma noctua Stejn. i 367

Lelapinae i 311

Lepidocyrtus Bourl. iii 300

Lepidodactylus crepuscularis Bav. i 367
heterophthalmus sp. n. iii 300
lugubris D. & B. i 367

Lepidoptera i 123, iii 345
Review of cxliv

Lepidoptera (micro) i 469

Lepidosaphes tlava Targ. iii III
gloverii Pack, iii 1 1 1
pallida Mask, iii III
pinnaeformis Bouchd iii iio
poniorum Boucht? iii lii

Lepisma hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 296

Leptachatina Gould ii 356

accincta Migh. ii 356
acuminata Gould ii 357
antiqua Pease ii 357
antic[uata Pease ii 357
approximans Ancey ii 357
arborea sp. n. ii 357
balteata Pease ii 358
brevicula Pease ii 35S
callosa PfeifT. (Lahiclla) ii 358
cerealis Gould ii 358
chrysallis Pfeiff. ii 358
cingula Migh. ii 359
clausiana Migh. ii 359
clausina Migh. ii 359
columna Ancey ii 359
compacta Pease ii 359
conicoides sp. n. ii 359
convexiuscula sp. n. ii 360
corneola Pfeiff. ii 360
coruscans Hartm. ii 360
costulata Gul. ii 360
costulosa Pease ii 361
crystallina Gul. ii 361
cylindrata Pease ii 361
emerita sp. n. ii 361
exilis Gul. ii 361
extensa Pease ii 362
fumida Gul. ii 362
fumosa Newc. ii 362
fusca Newc. ii 362
fuscula Gul. ii 362
glutinosa Pfeiff. ii 363
gracilis Pfeiff. ii 363
grana Newc. ii 363
guttula Gould ii 363
hartmani Hartm. ii 336
imitatrix sp. n. ii 364
impressa Sykes ii 364
isthmica Ancey ii 364
konaensis sp. n. ii 364

F. H.

Leptachatina labiata Newc. {L<Mclla) ii 365

laevis Pease ii 365

leucochila (ail. ii 365

lineolata Newc. ii 365

lucida Pease ii 365

marginata Gul. ii 366

nitida Newc. ii 366

obsoleta Pfeiff. ii 366

obtusa Pfeiff. ii 366

octavula Paet. ii 368

octogyrata Gul. ii 366

oryza Pfeiff. ii 367

pachystoma Pease {Labiclla) ii 367

petila Gul. ii 367

perkinsi Sykes ii 367

pyramis Pfeiff. ii 367

resinula Gul. ii 368

saccula Hartm. ii 368

sandwicensis Pfeiff. ii 368 •

saxatilis Gul. ii 368

saxitilus Gul. ii 368

sculpta Pfeiff. ii 368

scutilus Migh. ii 368

semicostata Pfeiff. ii 369

semipicta Sykes ii 369

simplex Pease ii 369

smithi Sykes ii 369

striata Newc. ii 370

striatella Gul. ii 370

striatula Gould ii 370

stiria Gul. ii 369

succincta Newc. ii 370

supracostata ii 370

tenebrosa Pease ii 371

tenuicostata Pease ii 371

terebralis Gul. ii 371

teres Pfeiff. ii 371

turgidula Pease ii 371

turrita Gul. ii 372

vana sp. n. ii 372

vitrea Newc. ii 372

vitreola Gul. ii 372
Leptacinus flavipennis Kraatz iii 551
Lepthemis blackburni M'Lachl. ii 62
Leptia Gn. i 687
Leptogenys falcigera i 118

insularis Sm. i 118
Leptogryllus gen. n. ii 28, 688

apicalis sp. n. ii 689

cylindricus sp. n. ii 688

deceptor sp. n. ii 689

elongatus sp. n. ii 29

forficularis Brunn. ii 29

fusconotatus sp. n. ii 29

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 29

nigrolineatus sp. n. ii 28

nigromaculatus sp. n. ii 28

siinilis sp. n. ii 28

simillimus sp. n. ii 30
Leucania Ochs. i 138, iii 345

amblycasis sp. n. i 141, iii 346

anthracias sp. n. i 139

compsias sp. n. i 139

dislocata Walk, i 146

euclidias sp. n. i 140, iii 345, c.xlv

macrosaris sp. n. i 140

niphadopa sp. n. i 140

photophila Butl. i 147

pyrrhias sp. n. i 141

typhlodes sp. n. i 141

unipuncta flaw, i 142

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Leucophaea surinamensis Fab. ii 7
Leucostonia analis Meig. iii 20
Leurocorynus gen. n. iii 548

cephalotes sp. n. iii 549
Liancalus nietalliciis sp. n. iii 13
Libellulina ii 62
Liburnia psylloides Dist. ii 577
Lilia dilecta White iii 128, cc
Limacidae ii 275
Limax gagates Drap. ii 276

laevis Miill. ii 276

sandwichiensis Soul, ii 276
Liranaea Lam. ii 390

aSfinis Soul, ii 392

ambiyiia Pease ii 391

aulacospira Ancey ii 391

binominis nom. n. ii 391

compacta Pease ii 391

hartmanni Cless. ii 392

moreletiana Cless. ii 392

natlcoides Cless. ii 392

oahuensis Soul, ii 392

peasei Cless. ii 393

reticulata Gould ii 393

rubella Lea ii 393

sandwichensis Phil, ii 391

turgidula Pease ii 393

volutata Gould ii 392
Lininaecia phragmitella Stn. i 485
Limnaeus sandwichensis Phil, ii 392
Limneria Holmgr. i 356

polynesialis Cam. i 356
Limnerium Ushm. i 356

blackburni Cam. i 357

hawaiiense Cam. i 357

polynesiale Cam. i 356
Liumobiidae iii 6, clx.xxii
Limnobia perkinsi sp. n. iii 6
Limosa baueri i 451
Limosina aequalis sp. n. iii 76

venalicia Ost.-Sack. iii 75
Limothrips Hal. iii 701

avenae Hinds iii 701

cerealium Hal. iii 701
Lineodes Gn. i 469, 731

ochrea sp. n. i 469, 731

subextincta sp. n. i 470
Linyphia argyrodes Walck. ii 446
Liophaena Sharp iii 564

centralis sp. n. iii 564

fiaviceps Sharp iii 564

gracilipes Sharp iii 564

oahuensis sp. n. iii 565
Lipeurus docophoroides minhaensis var. n. iii
Lipogomphus Berg iii 168
Lispe argenteifacies sp. n. iii 30

cupreigena sp. n. iii 31

spp. iii 31
Lispinodes Sharp iii 539

crassus sp. n. iii 542

explicandus Sharp iii 540

germanus sp. n. iii 542

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 541

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 541

mauiensis sp. n. iii 541

molokaiensis sp. n. iii 540

obscurus sp. n. iii 541

oxytelinus sp. n. iii 540

pallescens Blackb. iii 539

pallidus sp. n. iii 540

quadralus Blackb. iii 539

Lispinus impressicollis Motsch. iii 539

laevigatus Kraatz iii 539
Lissonota bellator Grav. i 336
Litargellus Cas. iii 419
Litargus balteatus Lee. iii 418

vestitus Sharp iii 419
Lithobiidae iii 324

Lithobius hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 324
Lithocharis fuscipennis Kraatz iii 544

incompta Sharp iii 545

vilis Kraatz iii 544
Lithurgus sp. .'' ii 605
Lobioptera lacteipennis Loew iii 74
Loboptera extranea sp. n. ii 6
Locastra monticolens Butl. i 211
Locustoidea ii 8, 687, ccxi\
Loxioides Oust, i 435

bailleui Oust, i 436
Loxops Cab. i 417

caeruleirostris Wils. i 421

coccinea Gmel. i 420

ochracea Rothsch. i 421

rufa Blox. i 421
Loxostege conisalias sp. n. i 226

helio.xantha sp. n. i 226

melanopis sp. n. i 226
Lozostoma flavofasciata Stn. i 712
Lucanidae iii 403
Lucilia Uesv. iii 28, 84

caesar Linn, iii 28
Luteva insolida White ii 550, iii 152

insulicola Kirk, ii 551
Lycaena baetica Linn, i 194, iii 355

blackburni Tuely i 194, iii 355
Lycaenidae clvi, iii 355
Lyctidae cxxviii, iii 644
Lyctus Fabr. iii 644

brunneus Steph. iii 644

sp. ? iii 644
Lycosidae ii 505
Lycosa Latr. ii 505

hawaiiensis Sim. ii 506

kalukanai sp. n. {Trochosa) ii 506

likelikeae sp. n. ii 506

oahuensis Keys, ii 505

perkinsi sp. n. iii 343

stygialis Sim. ii 505
Lycosella annulata sp. n. ii 508, iii 344

spinipes sp. n. ii 507
Lygaeidae ii 534, iii 169, cxciii
Lygaeus hyalinus Fabr. iii 170

peruvianus Guer. iii 159
Lygosoma cyanurum Less, i 367

noctua Less, i 367
Lymnaeus rubellus Lea ii 393
Lyonetia orpheella Stn. i 723

somnulentella 7^. i 723

Machilidae iii 294

Machilis heteropus sp. n. iii 295

perkinsi sp. n. iii 294
Macranillus gen. n. iii 287

coecus sp. n. iii 287
Macrochlamys perkinsi Sykes ii 284
Macrodyctium omiodixorum Terry ii 684
Macropis Auctt. iii 114
Macrosteles kilaueae sp. n. ii 575
Malacodermidae iii 368
Mallophaga iii 30;

Hosts of, iii 320
Mammalia i 465

INDEX

Mantodea ii 7, 689, ccxiii
jSIapsidius gen. n. i 650

auspicata sp. n. i 650

iridescens sp. n. i 651

quadridenta sp. n. i 651
Mareca americana Gni. i 460
Margarodes e.xaula Meyr. i i.X)
Margaronia Hiib. i 200, iii 357

cyanomichla sp. n. i 201, iii 337

exaula Meyr. i 2CX3, iii 357

glauculalis Ikitl. i 200
Maui XX

Mauia satelles lilackb. ii 183
Mauna Blackb. iii 200

frigida Blackb. iii 200
Mecaphesa gen. n. ii 495

cincta sp. n. ii 495

perkinsi sp. n. iii 342

seniispinosa sp. n. ii 496, iii 343
Mecistocephaliis Wood iii 326
Mecomenus gen. n. iii 230

koelielei sp. n. iii 230

putealis Blackb. iii 231
Mecostomus gen. n. iii 229

perkinsi sp. n. iii 229
Mecyclothorax gen. n. iii 243

aeneus sp. n. iii 255

amaroides sp. n. iii 256

anguslicollis Blackb. iii 246

bicolor sp. n. iii 246

bradycellinus sp. n. iii 247

cognatus sp. n. iii 255

cymindicus sp. n. iii 248

daptinus sp. n. iii 249

inaeqnalis Blackb. iii 249

interruptus sp. n. iii 252

iteratus sp. n. iii 250

konanus sp. n. iii 248

laetus sp. n. iii 247

longulus , 1. n. iii 25 1

micans Bla^^kb. iii 244

niicrops sp. n. iii 245

montivagus Blackb. iii 253

multipunctatus Blackb. iii 252

nubicola Blackb. iii 244

obscuricornis sp. n. iii 245

occultus sp. n. iii 256

oculatus sp. n. iii 251

ovipennis sp. n. iii 250

pele Blackb. iii 254

pusillus sp. n. iii 243

robustus sp. n. iii 255

rusticus sp. n. iii 244

sobrinus sp. n. iii 253

vLilcanus Blackb. iii 249
Mecyna -Steph. i 225, iii 360

aurora Butl. i 225, iii 360

ennycliioides Butl i 216

exigua Butl. i 245

nigrescens Butl. i 211

virescens Butl. i 225
Medon celebensis Fauv. iii 545

debilicornis WoU. iii 545

debilicornis Ganglb. {Hypomcaon) iii 545
Megachilldae Ixxxiii, ii 605
Megachile diligens i 113

palmarum sp. n. i 114

schauinslandi i 114
Megalomus Ramb. ii 36
Megalomus hospes sp. n. ii 36
Megascolex schmardae Horst ii 426

Melaniidae ii 394
Melania Lam. ii 394

baldwini Ancey ii ^94

contigua Pease ii 395

indefinita Lea ii 394

kauaiensis Pease ii 395

mauiensis Lea ii 395

newcombii Lea ii 394, 395

verrauiana Lea ii 395

verreauxiana Lea ii 395
Melanoleuca Stph. i 507
Melanomecyna ennychioides i 216

nigrescens i 211

stellata Butl. iii 359
Melanoxanthus Eschsch. iii 369

melanocephalus Thunb. iii 369
Meliphora grisella Fab. i 197
Melittobia hawaiiensis Perk, ii 658
Membracidae ccix, ii 555
Menemerus paykulli Thor. ii 512
Menopon cyrtostigum sp. n. iii 318

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 317

hilensis sp. n. iii 319

invadens sp. n. iii 320
Mergus serrator L. i 461
Merininetria gen. n. i 482

flaviterniinella sp. n. i 4S2
Merragata hebroides White ii 546, iii 168
Mesolelaps gen. n. i 313

cyaneiveiitris sp. n. i 313 .
Mesothriscus gen. n. iii 222

abax sp. n. iii 226

alternans sp. n. iii 228

coUaris sp. n. iii 225

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 224

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 226

lanaiensis sp. n. iii 223

microps sp. n. iii 226

muscicola Blackb. iii 223

opacus sp. n. iii 227

optimus sp. n. iii 227

prognathus sp. n. iii 223

tricolor sp. n. iii 224

truncatus sp. n. iii 225

vagans sp. n. iii 222
.Mestolobes Butl. i 228, iii 361

abnormis Butl. i 239, iii 361

amethystias sp. n. i 229

antichora sp. n. iii 361

aphrias sp. n. i 237

arctura sp. n. i 231

autodoxa sp. n. i 239, iii 361

banausa sp. n. i 233

chimonias sp. n. i 236

chlorolychna sp. n. i 237

chrysomolybda sp. n. i 230

crypsichrysa sp. n. i 230

droseropa sp. n. i 232

epidelta sp. n. i 231

erinnys sp. n. i 231

eurylyca sp. n. i 235
• homalopa sp. n. i 240

iochrysa sp. n. i 232

mesacma sp. n. 1 237

minuscula Butl. i 233, iii 361

ochrias sp. n. i 234

oenone i 239

ombrias sp. n. i 233

orthrias sp. n. i 235

perixantha sp. n. i 23S

pessias sp. n. i 236

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Mestolobes pragniatica sp. n. i 239
scleropis sp. n. 1 234
semiochrea Bull, i 238, iii 361
simaethina i 233
sirina sp. n. i 231
xanthoscia sp. 11. i 230, iii 361
Metacoelus femoralis Fourcr. i 340
Metasia abnonnis Bull, i 239
Methana ligata Brunn. ii 6
Metrarga iii 165, ii 535

contracta Blackb. iii 166
nuda iii 165, ii 535
obscura iii 166, ii 535
villosa White iii 167
Metrarginae subf. nov. iii 164
Metrocidium gen. n. iii 285

admirandum sp. 11. iii 286
brevicolle sp, n. iii 285
Metromenus Sharp iii 231

aequahs sp. n. iii 233
angustifrons sp. n. iii 234
bardus Blackb. iii 240
calathoides sp. n. iii 242
cahginosus Blackb. iii 233
cinctus sp. n. iii 239
cuneipennis Blackb. iii 241
epicurus Blackb. iii 235
fossipennis Blackb. iii 239
fugitivus Blackb. iii 240
fraternus Blackb. iii 236
fraudator sp. n. iii 237
meticulosus Blackb. iii 234
moerens sp. n. iii 237
mutabilis Blackb. iii 232
mysticus Sharp iii 213
latifrons sp. n. iii 242
lentus sp. n. iii 235
limbatus sp. n. iii 241
oceanicus Blackb. iii 240
palmae Blackb. iii 232
pavidus sp. n. iii 238
perpolitus sp. n. iii 241
protervus Blackb. iii 240
scrupulosus Blackb. iii 235
sphodriformis sp. n. iii 238
velo.\ sp. -n. iii 236
Metrothorax gen. n. iii 269

blackburni sp. n. iii 272
crassus sp. n. iii 274
curtipes iii 273
debilis sp. n. iii 275
de\erilli Blackb. iii 270
discedens sp. n. iii 275
extimus sp. n. iii 273
haleakalae sp. n. iii 271
laticollis sp. n. iii 271
macrops sp. n. iii 270
molops sp. n. iii 269
oahuensis Blackb. iii 274
perkinsianus sp. n. iii 270
rotundicollis sp. n. iii 273
scaritoides Blackb. iii 272
simiolus Blackb. iii 274
Micracantha insularis Pascoe ii 114

nutans Sharp ii 114
Microcleptes Stal. iii 150
Microcystina Morch. ii 279

cryptoportica Gould ii 279
Microcystis Beck ii 279

abeillei Ancey ii 280
baldwini Ancey ii 281

Microcystis boettgeriana Ancey ii 283
chamissoi Pfeiff. ii 280
depressiuscula Ancey ii 284
indefinita Ancey ii 284
lymanniana Ancey ii 284
oahuensis Ancey ii 284
perlucens Ancey ii 284
platyla Ancey ii 2S4
plicosa Ancey ii 285
sericans Ancey ii 285
turgida Ancey ii 285
Microdus hawaiicola sp. n. i 361
Microgasterinae ii 684
Microneta insulana sp. n. ii 461
Microterys Thorn, i 322, ii 655
flavus How. ii 655
molokaiensis sp. n. i 322
Microvelia Westw. iii 157

vagans White iii 158
Midway island xvii
Milu Kirk, ii 549

kerasphoron Kirk, ii 549
rubritinctus Kirk, ii 549
Miniesa antennata Sni. i 10
Minthea rugicollis Walk, iii 430
Miraria Reut. iii 144
Miridae iii 125, ii 552, cc
Mirinae ii 552, 652, iii 129
Mirosternus Sharp iii 614

acutus Blackb. iii 639
affinis sp. n. iii 621
affinis var. suturalis n. iii 622
amatus sp. n. iii 632
amaurodes sp. n. iii 636
angulatus sp. n. iii 631
bicolor Sharp iii 629
blackburni sp. n. iii 621
blackburnioides sp. n. iii 621
carinatus Sharp iii 638
cognatus sp. n. iii 632
debilis Sharp iii 640
denudatus sp. n. iii 624
dimidiatus sp. n. iii 641
discolor sp. n. iii 634
dubiosus sp. n. iii 637
duplex sp. n. iii 620
elongatulus sp. n. iii 636
epichrysus sp. n. iii 619
euceras sp. n. iii 620
eutheorus sp. n. iii 628
excelsior sp. n. iii 617
eximius sp. n. iii 635
fractus sp. n. iii 625
frigidus sp. n. iii 619
glabripennis Sharp iii 630
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 619
hirsutulus sp. n. iii 640
hypocoelus sp. n. iii 633
ignotus sp. n. iii 626
irregularis sp. n. iii 624
kauaiensis sp. n. iii 626
konanus sp. n. iii 631
laevis sp. n. iii 625
lanaiensis sp. n. iii 620
latifrons sp. n. iii 624
lugubris sp. n. iii 627
marginatus sp. n. iii 634
maurus sp. n. iii 627
molokaiensis sp. n. iii 626
montauus sp. n. iii 623
muticus Sharp iii 634

INDEX

Mirobternus nigrocastaneus sp. n. iii 629

obscurus Sharp iii 642

oculatus sp. n. iii 616

pallidicornis sp. n. iii 630

parcus sp. n. iii 632

parvulus sp. n. iii 628

peles sp. n. iii 630

plebeius sp. n. iii 636

punctatissimus sp. n. iii 617

punctatus Sharp iii 635

pusillus sp. n. iii 624

pyrophilus sp. n. iii 618

rufescens sp. n. iii 637

rugipennis sp. n. iii 623

sciilptus sp. n. iii 622

simplex sp. n. iii 623

solidus sp. n. iii 642

solitarius sp. n. iii 635

sordidus sp. n. iii 618

stenarthrus sp. n. iii 641

subparcus sp. n. iii 633

testaceus sp. n. iii 617

tetragonus sp. n. iii 637

tristis sp. n. iii 639

varicolor sp. n. iii 622

varius sp. n. iii 640

vestitus sp. n. iii 639

xanthostictus sp. n. iii 629
Miscogasteridae cv, i 307
Misumena anguhventris sp. n. ii 488

anguhventris Sim. ii 486, iii 34 r

cretacea sp. n. ii 487

nesiotes Sim. ii 485, iii 341

nigrofrenata sp. n. ii 486

oreades sp. n. ii 484, 485, iii 341

velata sp. n. ii 489
Mollica microphthalmus Koch ii 512
Mollusca ii 271
Mollusca, Review of cc.\.\iii
Molokai, island xi.\
Monanus Sharp iii 429

brevicornis Blacklj. iii 429

crenatus Sharp iii 429
Monochroa Hein. i 478
Monocrepidiiis exsul Sharp iii 369
Monodonta seminigra Lam. ii 298
Monolexis ? palliatus Cam. i 362
Monomera iii 102
Monomorium floricola i 119

minutum liliuokalanii i lig

vastator i 119
Monopis Hb. i 727, 737

crocicapitella Clms. i 728, 737

ferruginella Wlsm. i 728

hering"i Rdsn. i 728

hyahnella Stgr. i 728

lombardica Hrng. i 728

longella Wkr. i 727

mediclla F. i 727

monachella Hb. i 727

obumbrata Btl. i 728
Monotomidae iii 434
Mopsus Keyserl. ii 512
Moranila testaceiceps Cam. i 324
Muscidae clxxxvi, iii 27, 83
Musca annonae Fabr. iii 44

azurea Fhi. iii 27

caesar Linn, iii 28

canicularis Linn, iii 30

casei Linn, iii 48

domestica Linn, iii 29

Musca flavinervis Thoms. iii 29

putris Linn, iii 48

regina Meig. iii 28

tenax Linn, iii 19

vomitoria Linn, iii 27
Mycetaeidae iii 421
Mycetaea hirta Marsh iii 421
Mycetophagidae ( = Tritomidae) iii 418
Mycetophilidae clxxx, iii 2
Myllaena Erichs. iii 551

apetina sp. n. iii 553

cognata sp. n. iii 553

curtipes Sharp iii 552

discedens Sharp iii 551

familiaris Sharp iii 553

haleakalae sp. n. iii 552

oxypodina sp. n. iii 553

pacifica Blackb. iii 553

rufescens sp. n. iii 552

sp..' iii 551

vicina Sharp iii 552
Mymaridae civ, ii 660
Myodochidae cxciii^ ii 535
Mysticomenus gen. n. iii 212

mysticus Blackb. iii 213

tibialis sp. n. iii 212
Mytilaspis citricola Green iii iio

flava Targ. iii 1 1 1

flava var. hawaiiensis Mask, iii iii

gloverii Mask, iii 1 1 1

gloverii var. pallida Green iii in

pallida Mask, iii 1 1 1

pinnaeformis Nevvst. iii no

pomorum Comst. iii n i
Myriopoda iii 323

Review of ccxxi
Myrmecophila quadrispina sp. n. ii 14
Myrmeleonidae clxxxiii
Myrmeleon perjurus Walk, ii 61

violentus Walk, ii 61
Myrmicidae ci

Nabidae iii 153, ii 546, cxcv

Nabis Leth. & Sev. iii 153

blackburni White iii 155
capsiformis Germ, ii 546
curtipennis Blackb. iii 157, ii 549
innotatus White iii 154
koelensis Blackb. ii 547, iii 156
lusciosus White ii 548, iii 157
oscillans Blackb. ii 547, iii 156
rubritinctus Blackb. ii 549, iii 157
subrufus White iii 156

Naeogeidae iii 168

Nanina discus Pfeiff. ii 283
rinkii Morch. ii 279

Nannodia Hein. i 478

Nauphoeta bivittata Burm. ii 7

Nausibius dentatus Marsh iii 429

Neanura MacGill. iii 302

citronella sp. n. iii 303

Necremnus maculatipennis sp. n. i 331

Necrobia ruficoUis Fabr. iii 367
rufipes Fabr. iii 367

Neda abdominalis iii 414

oculata Fabr. iii 414

Neelysia gen. n. i 532

agnetella sp. n. i 538
anthinella sp. n. i 535
argyresthiella sp. n. i 544

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Neelysia basivittata sp. n. i 539
cleodorella sp. n. i 535
complanella sp. n. i 546
cuprea sp. n. i 532
e.\altata sp. n. i 542
fuscodentata sp. n. i 534
fuscofusa sp. n. i 538
incongrua sp. n. i 546
lignicolor sp. n. i 533
mactella sp. n. i 545
municeps sp. n. i 537
nemoricola sp. n. i 544
ningorella sp. n. i 540, 543
paltodorella sp. n. i 537
petalifera sp. n. i 541
pluviella sp. n. i 540
poeciloceras sp. n. i 542
psaroderma sp. n. i 536
rediviva sp. n. i 543
repandella sp. n. i 536
rotifer sp. n. i 539
sciurella sp. n. i 546
semifusa sp. n. i 547
subaurata sp. n. i 541
terminella sp. n. i 547
tigrina Btl. i 533
tischeriella sp. n. i 545

Nematoda ii 428

Neoclytus Horn ii 104

Neoe.xaireta spinigera Wied. iii 79

Neolelaps gen. n. i 312

flavipes sp. n. i 313
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 313

Neoliodes=Liodes Heyd. iii 704

theleproctus Herm. iii 704

Nereine spinosa Cambr. ii 460

Neripteron gigas Less, ii 39S

Neritidae ii 398

Neritina Lam. ii 39S

cariosa Gray ii 398
conve.xa Nutt. ii 398
granosa Sow. ii 398
lugubris Phil, ii 398
neglecta Pease ii 399
nuttalli Reel, ii 398
papillosa Jay ii 398
sandwichensis Uesh. ii 398, 399
solidissima .Sow. ii 398
vespertina Nutt. ii 399

Nesamiptis obsoleta Bull, i 157
plagiota sp. n. i 156

Nesapterus gen. n. iii 450
exilis sp. n. iii 451
monticola Sharp iii 451

Nesidiocheilus, gen. n. iii 127

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 127

Nesidiolestes gen. n. iii 152
insularis Kirk, ii 551
sehum sp. n. iii 153

Nesidiorchestes gen. n. iii 139

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 139

Nesiomiris gen. n. iii 144

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 145, ii 554

Nesochhde epi.xantha Perk, iii 349

Nesocidium gen. n. iii 280

atomarium sp. n. iii 284
. corticarium sp. n. iii 283
fulgens sp. n. iii 282
koebelei sp. n. iii 282
laeticulum sp. n. iii 280
lahainense sp. n. iii 281

Nesocidium perkinsi sp. n. iii 282

rude sp. n. iii 283

scydmaenoides sp. n. iii 284

smaragdinum sp. n. iii 282
NesocHmacias contracta ii 535

lanaiensis ii 535
Nesocrabro gen. n. i 25, ii 606

adspectans Blackb. i 29, ii 606

bidecoratus sp. n. i 27, ii 606

compactus sp. n. i 25

daemonius sp. n. i 28, ii 606

rubrocaudatus Blackb. i 27, ii 606

stygius Bl. & C. i 29
Nesocryptias villosa ii 535
Nesocymus Kirk, ii 535

calvus White ii 536
Nesodiranchis subgen. n. ii 668
Nesodryas Kirk, ii 596

dryope sp. n. ii 597

elaeocarpi Kirk, ii 596

eugeniae Kirk, ii 597

gififardi Kirk, ii 597
Nesodynerus Perk, ii 607

conifer Perk, ii 607

cooki Perk, ii 60S

dilatatipes Perk, ii 608

eupteryx Perk, ii 608

freycinetiae Kirk, ii 596

oblitus Perk, ii 608

optabilis Perk, ii 608

paractias Perk, ii 608

rudolphi D.T. ii 607

vittativentris Perk, ii 608
Nesogryllus gen. n. ii 26

stridulans sp. n. ii 27
Nesoligota subg. n. Oligota iii 557
Nesolymnaeum gen. n. iii 277

spurcum Blackb. iii 277
Nesomartis psammophila Kirk, ii 535
Nesomedon gen. n. iii 546

brunnescens iii 546

oahuensis sp. n. iii 547

quadratus sp. n. iii 547
Nesomicromus gen. n. ii 37

angularis sp. n. ii 691

angustipennis sp. n. ii 38

belkilus sp. n. ii 40

brunnescens sp. n. ii 43

distinctus sp. n. ii 44

drepanoides sp. n. ii ' 39

forcipatus sp. n. ii 44

fulvescens sp. n. ii 39

haleakalae sp. n. ii 42

infumatus sp. n. ii 41

latipennis sp. n. ii 38

longispinosus sp. n. ii 42

minimus sp. n. ii 45

minor sp. n. ii 41

molokaiensis sp. n. ii '41

ombrias sp. n. ii 692

parado.xus sp. n. ii 39

phaeostictus sp. n. ii 692

rubrinervis sp. n. ii 43

stenopteryx sp. n. ii 45

subochraceus sp. n. ii 44

\agus sp. n. ii yj
Nesomicrops gen. n. iii 286

kauaiensis sp. n. iii 286
Nesominiesa gen. n. i 8

antennata i 10

hawaiiensis i 1 1

INDEX

Nesomiinesa kauaiensis sp. n. i 9

nitida i 1 1

sciopteryx i 10
Nesopeplus gen. n. iii 474

abnormalis sp. n. iii 4S1

anticatus sp. n. iii 476

ater sp. n. iii 491

bidens Sharp iii 483

cognatus sp. n. iii 487

coUaris sp. n. iii 476

confertus sp. n. iii 490

cunithorax sp. n. iii 476

fallax sp. n. iii 479

floricola Blackb. iii 480

inauiatus Sliarp iii 475

insolitus sp. n. iii 482

koelensis iii 487

lambiamis sp. 11. iii 484

latiusculus sp. n. iii 488

molokaiensis sp. n. iii 478

nigricans sp. n. iii 487

obscurans sp. n. iii 486

olindae Blackb. iii 477

pictus sp. n. iii 480

protinoides Sharp iii 486

puncticollis sp. n. iii 490

roridus sp. n. iii 479

segnis sp. n. iii 477

serratus sp. n. iii 4S2

simiHs sp. n. iii 489

sinuatus sp. n. iii 491

solitarius sp. n. iii 481

sp. ? iii 488

testaceipes sp. n. iii 484

torvus Blackb. iii 485

vagepictus sp. n. iii 478
Nesopetinus gen. n. iii 492

apertus .Sharp iii 498

blackburni Sharp iii 503

blackburni var. ianaiensis Blackb. iii 504

blackburni var. mauiensis var. n. iii 504

blackbiirnianus sp. n. iii 504

celatus Sharp iii 498

concolor sp. n. iii 500

discedens Sharp iii 494

eremitus sp. n. iii 497

filipes sp. n. iii 501

gonioryctoides sp. n. iii 493

intermedins sp. n. iii 503

kauaiensis Blackb. iii 495

metallescens Sharp iii 493

omissus sp. n. iii 495

pallidus sp. n. iii 500

parallelus Blackb. iii 497

perkinsi sp. n. iii 502

pusillus sp. n. iii 496

quadraticoUis Blackb. iii 501

rudis sp. n. iii 502

scottianus sp. n. iii 499

sp. .■■ iii 496, 500

tinctus Sharp iii 493

varius Sharp iii 496

vestitus Sharp iii 497
Nesophila Pilsbry ii 289
Nesophrosyne Kirk, ii 556, 558

arcadiicola sp. n. ii 571

bobeae sp. n. ii 564

caeHcola sp. n. ii 566

craterigena sp. n. ii 571

ehu sp. n. ii 569

filicicola Kirk, ii 556

Nesophrosyne giffardi sp. n. ii 563

gouldiae sp. n. ii 560

haleakala sp. n. ii 567

halemanu sp. n. ii 559

ignigena sp. n. ii 570

imbricola sp. n. ii 566

insularis sp. n. (Nesoreias) ii 573

kaiamamao Kirk, ii 557

koleae sp. n. ii 562

kukanaroa Kirk, ii 557

maritima sp. n. ii 560

microlepiae sp. n. ii 557

milu sp. n. ii 565

monticola sp. n. ii 562

montium sp. n. ii 569

montivaga sp. n. ii 569

myrsines sp. n. ii 568

nigrolineata var. n. ii 563

nimbicola sp. n. ii 565

nimbigena sp. n. ii 567

nubigena sp. n. ii 567

nuenue sp. n. ii 572

oceanides sp. n. {Nesoreias) ii 573

oneanea sp. n. ii 566

opalescens sp. n. ii 561

oreadis sp. n. ii 569

paludicola sp. n. ii 564

palustris sp. n. li 564

pele sp. n. ii 570

perkinsi Kirk, ii 559

pipturi sp. n. ii 560

pluvialis sp. n. ii 568

ponapona sp. n. ii 561

procellaris sp. n. ii 565

silvicola sp. n. ii 570

silvigena sp. n. ii 559

sp. ? ii 562

ulaula sp. n. ii 563

umbratilis sp. n. ii 558

umbricola sp. n. ii 565

unibrigena sp. n. ii 571
Nesopleias gen. n. ii 582

dubautiae sp. n. ii 583

nimbata sp. n. ii 582
Nesoprosopis gen. n. i 75, ii 601, l.\iv

andrcnoides sp. n. i in

angustula sp. n. i 95

anomala sp. n. i 112

anthracina i 100

assimulans sp. n. i loi

assimulans oahuensis i 102

blackburni i 97

caeruleipennis sp. n. i 107

chlorosticta sp. n. i 78

comes sp. n. i 90

coniceps i 91

connectens sp. n. i 85

crabronoides sp. n. i 94

ditficilis sp. n. i 80

dimidiata sp. n. i 96

dumetorum sp. n. i 92

erythrodemas sp. n. i 112

facilis i 77

finitima sp. n. i 100

flavifrons i loi

flavipes i 99, ii 605

fuscipennis i 106

fuscipennis obscuripes i 107

haleakalae sp. n. i 87

hilaris Sm. i 103

hirsutula sp. n. i 79

FA UNA HA J I AIIENSIS

Nesoprosopis hostilis sp. n. i 104
inquilina sp. n. i 102
insignis sp. n. i no
kauaiensis sp. n. i 90
koae sp. n. i 85
kona i 82
laeta sp. n. i 81
laticeps sp. n. i 88
longiceps sp. n. i 98
mauiensis sp. n. i 94
melanothrix sp. n. i 86
mutata sp. n. i 93
neglecta sp. n. i 89
nivalis sp. n. i 83
obscurata sp. n. i 99
ombrias sp. n. ii 604
paradoxica sp. n. i III
perspicua sp. n. i 109
pubescens sp. n. i 107
rugulosa sp. n. i 84
satelles i 109
setosifrons sp. n. i 108
simplex sp. n. i 79
specularis sp. n. i 93
sphecodoides sp. n. i 105
unica sp. n. i 88
vicina sp. n. i 84
volatilis i 105
volcanica sp. n. i 83

Nesoreias subg. n. ii 573

Nesorestias Kirk, ii 583

filicicola Kirk, ii 583

Nesosteles Kirk, ii 573

hebe Kirk, ii 574
peregrina sp. n. ii 575
plutonis sp. n. ii 574
volcanicola sp. n. ii 574

Nesosydne Kirk, ii 583

argyroxiphii Kirk, ii 590
chambersi Kirk, ii 590
cyathodis sp. n. ii 589
gouldiae sp. n. ii 586
haleakala sp. n. ii 587
halia Kirk, ii 584
hamadryas sp. n. ii 587
imbricola sp. n. ii 590
ipomoeicola Kirk, ii 5S6
koae Kirk, ii 583
monticola sp. n. ii 591
nephelias sp. n. ii 588
nephrolepidis Kirk, ii 586
nubigena sp. n. ii 589
palustris Kirk, ii 589
pele sp. n. ii 585
pipturi Kirk, ii 584
procellaris sp. n. ii 588
raillardiae Kirk, ii 590
rubescens Kirk, ii 584
umbratica sp. n. ii 585

Nesothauma gen. n. ii 46, xlix
haleakalae sp. n. ii 47

Nesothoe Kirk, ii 591

bobeae Kirk, ii 593
flatus Kirk, ii 592
frigidula Kirk, ii 593
hula Kirk, ii 592
laka Kirk, ii 594
perkinsi Kirk, ii 593
pluvialis Kirk, ii 595
pulani Kirk, ii 594
silvestris Kirk, ii 595

Nesothoe terryi Kirk, ii 594
Nesothrips Kirk, ii 681

oahuensis Kirk, ii 682
Nesotocus gen. n. ii 150

giffardi sp. n. iii 654

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 151

munroi sp. n. ii 150

newelli sp. n. ii 151
Nesotyphlias Kirk, ii 548

lusciosus Kirk, ii 548
Neuroptera ii 31, 691

Review of clxx

flightless xlix
Newcombia Pfeifif. ii 331

canaliculata Bald, ii 331

chlorotica Pfeiff. ii 344

cinnamomea Pfeiff. ii 331

cumingi Newc. ii 331

gemma Pfeiff. ii 331

perkinsi Sykes ii 332

pfeifferi Newc. ii 332

philippiana Pfeiff. ii 332

plicata Pfeiff. ii 332

sulcata Pfeiff. ii 332

zebrina Pfeiff. ii 331
Niihau, island xvi
Niihoa, Bird island xvii
Niphonides ii 1 14
Nirmus diaprepes sp. n. iii 309

gloriosus emarginatus var. n. iii 310

minhaensis sp. n. iii 307

orarius hawaiiensis var. n. iii 310

stenozonus sp. n. iii 308
Nitidulidae cxxxiv, iii 435
Nitidula dimidiata Fabr. iii 507

humeralis Fabr. iii 507
Nomophila Hiib. i 227, iii 361

noctuella Schiff. i 227, iii 361, xlvii
Nomia Clem, i 478
Notaspis lucorum Koch, iii 704
Noteraula straminea Meyr. i 687
Notiphila argentata Walk, iii 49

insularis sp. n. iii 49
Notonectidae cciii, iii 148
Notonecta pallipes Fabr. ii 555
Notopeplus gen. n. iii 505

reitteri Sharp iii 505
Number of species xli
Numenius Briss. i 451

tahitiensis Gni. i 452
Nycticorax Raf i 456

griseus Linn, i 456
Nymphalidae cliv
Nymphula Schranck. i 200, iii 356

fluctuosalis Zell. (linealis Guen.) i 200, iii 356
Nysius Dall. ii 536, iii 162

arboricola White ii 538

atralis var. n. ii 541

blackburni White ii 540

brunnealis var. n. ii 541

coenosulus StAl. ii 540

dallasi White ii 538

delectus White ii 538

hylaeus sp. n. ii 539

insulicola sp. n. ii 541

insulivagus sp. n. ii 544

kamehameha sp. n. iii 164, ii 539

lichenicola sp. n. ii 540

longicolHs Blackb. ii 538

mauiensis Blackb. ii 538

monticola sp. n. ii 544

INDEX

Nysius montivagus sp. n. ii 544

nemorivagus White ii 543
nimbatus sp. n. ii 543
nitidus White ii 543
nubicola sp. n. ii 542
ochriasis sp. n. iii 162, ii 541
oresitrophus sp. n. ii 542
oribasus sp. n. ii 544
pteridicola White ii 543
rubescens \\'hite ii 543
saundersianus sp. n. iii 163, ii 537
silvestris sp. n. ii 541
vuIcan White ii 543
whitei Blackb. ii 538

Oahu, island .wii

Ocean currents xlvii

Oceanodroma cryptoleucura Ridg. i 463

Odonata ii 62, ii 693, clxxv

Odynerus i 30, xc, clx

acoelogaster sp. n. i 65, ii 6og
aeyanus Perk, ii 611
agilis Sni. i 41
aprepes Perk, ii 611
axestes sp. n. i 66
blackburni i 58
brevicostatus sp. n. i 46
caenosus sp. n. i 35
camelinus sp. n. i 44
cardinahs Bl. i 46
cephalostictus sp. n. i 66
chelifer sp. n. i 70, ii 607
conifer sp. n. i 38
congruiis i 69, ii 607
cooki sp. n. i 64, ii 608
cyanopteryx sp. n. i 60, ii 612
cyphotes sp. n. i ^li
cypris Perk, ii 612
deinogaster sp. n. i 48
dilatatipes sp. n. i 37, ii 608
diversus Bl. i 45
dromedarius i 45
dryas sp. n. i 53
dubiosus i 62
dyserythrias sp. n. i 60
ecostatus sp. n. i 42
egens sp. n. i 61, ii 609
eludens sp. n. i 36
epipseustes Perk, ii 61 1
erro sp. n. i 31
erythrognathus sp. n. i 32
erythrostactes sp. n. i 53
eucharis Perk, ii 610
eupteryx sp. n. i 47, ii 608
eutretus Perk, ii 612
flosculus sp. n. i 64
frater D.T. i 59
heterochronius sp. n. i 49
hiloensis sp. n. i 34
holomelas Perk, ii 612
homochromus sp. n. i 37
homoeogaster sp. n. i 49
homoeophanes Perk, ii 610
illudens Perk, ii 609
infaustus sp. n. i 73, ii 609
instabilis sp. n. i 48
insulicola i 67
iopteryx sp. n. i 63, ii 609
kauaiensis sp. n. i 38
kirbyi i 37

F. H.

Odynerus konanus sp. n. i 34

laevisLilcatus sp. n. i 51

lanaiensis sp. n. i 68

leiodemas sp. n. i 51

leucozonias sp. n. i 36

lipocharis sp. n. ii 610

lithophilus Perk, ii 609

localis i 71

niaurus Sm. i 70

melanognathus sp. n. i 33

mesospilus Perk, ii 612

microdemas sp. n. i 55

mimus sp. n. i 50

molokaiensis sp. n. i 41

monas Perk, ii 611

monobius sp. n. i 55

montanus i 43

montivagus sp. n. i 54

naiadum sp. n. i 32

nautarum sp. n. i 72

nautarum D.T. i 67

nesiotes sp. n. i 61

nesotrephes sp. n. i 68

newelli Perk, ii 612

nigripennis i 70

nivicola sp. n. i 52

nubicola sp. n. i 42

oahuensis i 45

oblitus sp. n. i 74, ii 608

obscurepunctatus i 59

orbus sp. n. i 35

pacificus Bl. i 59

paludicola Perk, ii 6ii

paranaias Perk, ii 611

peles sp. n. i 39, ii 610

petrobius sp. n. i 57

potamophilus sp. n. i 56

pseudochromoides Perk, ii 611

pseudochromus sp. n. i 50

pterocheiloides sp. n. i 69, ii 607

pterophaennes sp. n. i 63

purpurifer sp. n. i 47

radula i 71

relictus sp. n. i 74, ii 609

rubritinctus i 56, 58

rubropustulatus i 57

rudolphi i 46

rudolphi D.T. ii 607

sandvvichensis sp. n. i 73

sandwichensis D.T. i 56

scoriaceus sp. n. i 40

smithii i 41

sociabilis sp. n. i 39

sorer sp. n. i 58

subegens sp. n. ii 610

tempe Perk, ii 611

thersites sp. n. ii 609

threnodes sp. n. i 62

unicus sp. n. i 43

venator sp. n. i 31

vittativentris sp. n. i 65, ii 608

vulcanus i 34

waianaeanus sp. n. i 64

xanthorhoes sp. n. i 52

xerophilus Perk, ii 611
Oechalia ii 533, iii 171

grisea Burni. ii 533, in 171

patruelis iii 171

pacifica White iii 171
Oecia maculata Wlsm. i 649
Oecophoridae Meyr. i 507, clxiv

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Oecophora hydeniella Fr. i 514

phycidella Z. (Scythris) i 648

Oedemeridae ii 247

Oedemothrips gen. n. iii 680
laticeps sp. n. iii 680

Oemides ii 96

Oenemona Motsch. ii 104

Oestrelata i 462

phaeopygia Salv. i 462

Oestridae iii 20
. Oestrus ovis Linn, iii 20

Olethreutinae i 673

Olfersia acarta sp. n. iii 87

Oliarus StAl iii 119

hevaheva sp. n. iii 122
kanakanus sp. n. iii 121
koanoa sp. n. iii 124
opuna sp. n. iii 122
orono sp. n. iii 124
tamehameha sp. n. iii 120
tarai sp. n. iii 123

Oligochaeta ii 413

Oligostigina curta Bull, i 200

Oligota Mann, iii 554, iii 560

adpropinquans sp. n.- iii 561

aethiops sp. n. iii 563

anomalocera sp. n. {Gnatholigota) iii 556

bicolor sp. n. {Nesoligota) iii 560

brevicollis sp. n. i^GnathoUgotal) iii 556

clavicornis Sharp [Holobus) iii 555

cribripennis sp. n. {Nesoligota) iii 559

currax sp. n. {Nesoligctn) iii 559

extranea sp. n. [Gnatholigota) iii 557

frontalis sp. n. iii 561

glabra Sharp (Nesoligota) iii 559

gyninusa sp. n. iii 561

haleakalae sp. n. iii 562

insolita sp. n. iii 561

kauaiensis Blackb. {Nesoligota) iii 558

latifrons sp. n. {Giiatlioligota) iii 556

latipennis sp. n. {Nesoligota) iii 558

longipennis Blackb. iii 563

niutanda .Sharp iii 562

oahuensis sp. n. iii 562

parca sp. n. {Gnatholigota) iii 557

pernigra sp. n. iii 563

polita Sharp {Nesoligota) iii 55S

prolixa Sharp {Deroligota) iii 555

scripta sp. n. iii 560

scripta var. laetior var. n. iii 560

simulans Blackb. iii 562

tenuicornis sp. n. iii 563

variegata Blackb. iii 563

Oligotoma insularis McLachl. ii 88, clxxiv

Olisthopus insularis Karsch. iii 253

Omicrus brevipes .Sharp iii 579

Omiodes Guen. i 201, iii 357

accepta Butl. i 204, iii 358
anastrepta sp. n. i 204, iii 358
antidoxa sp. n. iii 358
asaphombra sp. n. i 202
blackburni Butl. i 202, iii 357
continuatalis Wall, i 205, iii 358
demaratalis Walk, i 205, iii 358
epicentra sp. n. i 203, iii 357
euryprora sp. n. i 202
iridias sp. n. i 203
localis Butl. i 206, iii 358
monogona Meyr. i 206
monogramma sp. n. i 205, iii 35S
telegrapha sp. n. i 204

Omphale metallicus sp. n. i 327

Oncophorus advena Kell. iii 311

Oniscosoma pallida Brunn. ii 7

Oodemas Bohem. ii 155

aenescens Bohem. ii 169
aeolosoma sp. n. ii 169
aequale Blackb. ii 161
affine sp. n. ii 162
angustum Blackb. ii 169
apionoides sp. n. ii 161
borrei Blackb. ii 170
brunneuni sp. n. ii 159
chrysodorum sp. n. ii 158
corticis sp. n. ii 168
costatum sp. n. ii 157
crassicorne Blackb. ii 160
cupreum sp. n. ii 159
dilatatipes sp. n. ii 156
dubiosum sp. n. ii 164
flexirostre sp. n. ii 164
gracilifonne sp. n. ii 163
grande sp. n. ii 167
haleakalae sp. n. ii 160
halticoides Blackb. ii 169, iii 654
hauaiiense sp. n. iii 655
infernum Blackb. ii 172
insulare Blackb. ii 170
konanum sp. n. ii 171
leithorax sp. n. ii 164
longicorne sp. n. ii 157
longirostre sp. n. ii 155
mauiense Blackb. ii 170
molokaiense sp. n. ii 15S
montanum sp. n. ii 160
multiforme sp. n. ii 171
nitidissimum sp. n. ii 170
nivicola Blackb. ii 156
oblongum sp. n. ii 167
obscurum Blackb. ii 161
olindae Blackb. ii 155
pachysoma sp. n. ii 168
parallelum sp. n. ii 162, iii 654
pulchrum sp. n. ii 166
puncticoUe sp. n. ii 165
punctulatissimum sp. n. ii 157
purpurascens sp. n. ii 16^
ramulorum sp. n. ii 163
robustum Blackb. ii 169, iii 654
sculpturatum Blackb. ii 170
soliclum sp. n. iii 654
striatum sp. n. ii 165
substrictum Blackb. ii 161
tardum Blackb. ii i5i

Oopsis nutator Fabr. ii 114

Opatrum seriatum Boisd. ii 252

Opeas junceus Gould ii 383
prestoni Sykes ii 384
pyrgiscus Pfeifif. ii 384
striolata Pease ii 384

Ophelinus mauiensis sp. n. i 329
hawaiiensis sp. n. i 330

Ophioniedon Sharp iii 545

incomptus Sharp iii 545
subtilis sp. n. iii 545

Ophioninae ii 677

Ophion lineatus Cam. i 341
nigricans Cam. i 341

Ophthalmomyia lacteipennis Loew iii 74

Ophyra aenescens Wied. iii 30
leucostoma Wied. iii 30

Opisthacantha dubiosa sp. n. ii 623

INDEX

Opogona aurisqiiamosa Btl. i 713, 737

diniidiatella Z. i 712
Opostega dives sp. n. i 711

maculata sp. n. i 711
Qpsicoetus biannulipes Montr. & Sign, iii 150
Opuna gen. n. iii 140

hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 140, ii 553
Orchestia hawaiensis Dana ii 529

pickeringii Dana ii 528

platensis Kroy. ii 527
Oreomyza Stejn. i 413

bairdi Stejn. i 416

flammea Wils. {Paroreomyza) i 417

maculata Cab. {Parorcomyza) i 417

niana Wils. i 416

montana Wils. {ParorMiitysa) i 417

newtoni Rothsch. {Paroreomyza) i 417

perkinsi Rothsch. i 417
Oribatidae iii 702
Oribala alata Herm. iii 703

globula Xic. iii 702

lapidaria Luc. iii 703

oriformis sp. n. iii 703

ovalis Nic. iii 703
Origin of fauna Iii
Orneodidae i 477, 731, clxiii

Orneodes Ltr.

477. 731

objurgatella sp. n. i 477, 731

Ornithoica confluenta Say. iii 91
peroneura var. n. iii gi

Ornithomyia varipes Walk, iii 89

Oronomiris gen. n. iii 144
hawaiiensis iii 144

Orothreptes gen. n. ii 147

callithrix sp. n. ii 147, iii 655

Ortalidae iii 44, iii 85, clx.wvii

Ortalis annonae Wied. iii 44

Orthocladius sp. iii 5

Orthodera prasina Burm. ii 7

Orthoea Dall. iii 159

nigriceps Dall. iii 159
pacifica Kirk, ii 545
periplanios Kirk, ii 545
\incta Say ii 545

Orthoniecyna Butl. i 240, iii 362
albicaudata Butl. i 243
alloptila sp. n. i 243
aniphilyca sp. n. i 245
aphanopsis Meyr. i 244
chrysophanes sp. n. i 243
crossias sp. n. i 242, iii 362
cupreipennis Butl. i 245
epicausta sp. n. i 244
exigua Meyr. i 245
heterodyas sp. n. i 242
niesochasma sp. n. i 244, iii 362
nietalycia sp. n. i 241
phaeophanes sp. n. i 241
pi erodes sp. n. i 244

Orthomorpha gracilis Koch iii 328

Orthoperiis aequalis Sharp iii 417

Orthoptera ii i, ii 687
Review of ccxi

Orthostolus gen. n. iii 452

atratus sp. n. iii 456
expers Blackb. iii 455
germanus sp. n. iii 454
guttatus Sharp iii 454
kauaiensis sp. n. iii 456
nepos sp. n. iii 453
prosternalis sp. n. iii 454

Orthostolus robustus Sharp iii 452

robustus var. lanaiensis var. n. iii 453

sordidus Sharp iii 455
Orthotylus Fieb. iii 132, ii 552

azalais sp. n. iii 136

daphne sp. n. iii 135

daphne var. kassandra Kirk, ii 553, iii 135

iolani sp. n. iii 133

kanakanus sp. n. iii 134

kekele sp. n. iii 134

perkinsi sp. n. iii 133
Otiorhynchini ii 122
Oxacis coUaris Sharp ii 247, cxxvi
Oxya velox Fab. ii 8
Oxytelini iii 543
Oxytelus advena Sharp iii 543

bledioides Blackb. iii 543

ferrugineus Kraatz iii 543

pygmaeus Kraatz iii 543

sp. iii 543
Oxyurus vermicularis Lutz ii 428

Pachymerinae iii 159
Pachyneuron Walk, ii 656
Paederini iii 544
Paedisca immersana Wkr. i 690
Pagiopalus gen. n. ii 499 .

atomarius sp. n. ii 500, iii 343

nigriventris sp. n. ii 502

personatus sp. n. ii 501

semipunctatus sp. n. ii 501
Palmeria i 405, Ixxii

dolii Wils. i 407
Paludestrinidae ii 396
Paludestrina porrecta Migh. ii 396
Paludina porrecta Migh. ii 396
I'amera Leth. & Sev. iii 159

nigriceps St;\l iii 159

vincta Stal ii 545
Panaphelix gen. n. i 695

marmorata sp. n. i 696

sp. ? i 697
Panchlora maderae F. ii 690
Pandemis consociana Wkr. i 690

secundana Wkr. i 690
Pandion haliaetus Linn, i 447
Pantala flavescens Fab. ii 62
Pantomorus fuUeri Horn, iii 653, cxx

olindae sp. n. ii 130, iii 653
Papuina barnaclei Smith ii 292
Parandra puncticeps Sharp ii 95
Parandrita aenea Sharp iii 426

gracilis sp. n. iii 427

konae sp. n. iii 426

liturata sp. n. iii 427

molokaiae sp. n. iii 427

perkinsi sp. n. iii 426
Paranemobius schauinslandi Alfk. ii 688
Paraphasis gen. n. i 730

perkinsi sp. n. i 730
Paraphelinus xiphidii Perk, ii 658
Pararrhaptica gen. n. i 689

perkinsana sp. n. i 689
Paratenodera sinensis Sauss. ii 689
Paratrigonidium Brunn. ii 15, xxviii, xxx, xlix, Ixviii

atroferrugineum Brunn. ii 17

attenuatum sp. n. ii 20

crepitans sp. n. ii 19

debile sp. n. ii 21

exiguum sp. n. ii 21

filicum sp. n. ii 17

E 2

FA UNA HA WAIIENSIS

Paratrigonidium freycinetiae sp. n. ii i6

grande sp. n. ii 19

molokaiense sp. 11. ii 20

pacificum Scudd. ii 22

robustum sp. n. ii 20

roseum sp. n. ii 16

saltator sp. n. ii 16

subroseum sp. n. ii 17

varians sp. n. ii 18

viridescens sp. n. ii 18
Parlatoria proteus Run iii iio

proteus van pergandii Comst. iii no

ziiiyphi Newst. iii iio
Paroi'chestia hawaiensis Dana ii 529
Partula auricula Fdn ii 375

densilineata Reeve ii 317

dumartroyi Soul, ii 375

pusilla Gould ii 379

terrestris Pease ii 399

virgulata Migh. ii 320
Partulina Pfeiff. ii 311

liayseldeni Bakhv. ii 313

pioxinia Pease ii 316
Patula digonophora Ancey ii 292
Paucity of individuals xx.\viii
Pelopaeus caementarius i 8
Pemphredonidae ii 605, Ixxxiv
Pennula Dole i 453

ecaudata King i 454
Pentaithron flavuni sp. n. ii 660

semifumatum sp. n. ii 659
Pentarthrum blackburni Sharp ii 147, iii 655

obscurum Sharp ii 146

prolixum Sharp ii 146
Pentatoma insularis Dall. iii 172
Perdicclla Pease ii 329

fulgurans sp. n. ii 329

helena Newc. ii 330

mauiensis Pfeiff. ii 330

minuscula Pfeiff. ii 330

ornata Newc. ii 330

theodorei Baldw. ii 330

zebra Newc. ii 330

zebrina Pfeiff. ii 331
Peregrinus maidis Ashm. ii 577
Perichaeta amazonica Rosa ii 420

bermudensis Bedd. ii 420

cupulifera Fed. ii 420

floweri Benh. ii 414

hawayana Rosa it 420

hesperidum Bedd. ii 417

heterochaeta Mich, ii 416

indica Mich, ii 416

mandliorensis Mich, ii 420

mauritiana Bedd. ii 420

morrisi Bedd. ii 420

pallida Mich, ii 420

peregrina Fletcli. ii 414

sandvicensis Id. ii 417

trityphla Bedd. ii 426

vesiculata Goto lit Hat. ii 426
Periplaneta americana L. ii 6

australasiae Fab. ii 7
Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk, ii 578
Peropus mutilatus Stejn. i 367
Phaenopria ambulator sp. n. ii 627

frater sp. n. ii 626

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 296

hylaea sp. n. ii 628

niontana sp. n. ii 628

soror sp. n. ii 627

Phaenopria subtilis sp. n. ii 627
Phaeogramnia gen. n. iii 47

vittipennis sp. n. iii 48
Phaeornis Sclater i 377, xxxi

lanaiensis Wils. i 378

myiadestina Stejn. i 378

oahuensis Blox. i 378

obscura Gniel. i 378

palnieri Rothsch. i 379
Phaethou lepturus L. & D. i 462

rubricauda Bodd. i 462
Phalaena curtisella Don. (coenobitella) i 651
Phalainesthes Kirk, iii 117

schauinslandi Kirk, iii 117
Phalaropus fulicarius L. i 453

lobatus Linn, i 453
Phanerotoma hawaiiensis sp. n. i 360
Pheidole megacephala Fab. i 118, xxxix, xli, ci
Philodoria gen. n. i 717, 737

auromagnifica sp. n. i 718

basalis sp. n. i 720

floscula sp. n. i 718

niicropetala sp. n. i 719

nigrella sp. n. i 721

splendida sp. n. i 719, 737

succedanea sp. n. i 717
Philodroniinae ii 496
Philomycus bilineatus Bens, ii 286
Philonesia gen. n. ii 280

abeillei Ancey ii 280

baldvvini Ancey ii 281

boettgeriana Ancey ii 283

cicercula Gould ii 283

exaequata Gould ii 283

hartnianni Ancey ii 283

indefinita Ancey ii 284

lymanniana Ancey ii 284

oahuensis Ancey ii 284

perkinsi Sykes ii 284

perlucens Ancey ii 284

platyla Ancey ii 284

plicosa Ancey ii 285

sericans Ancey ii 285

subrutila Migh. ii 285

subtilissima Gould ii 285

turgida Ancey ii 285
Philonthus discoideus Grav. iii 548

nauticus Fairm. iii 548

nigritulus Grav. iii 548

seybalarius Nordm. iii 547

turbidus Gra\'. iii 548
Philoscia angusticauda Budde-Lund ii 525
Phloeophagosonia tenuis Gemm. ii 149
Phloeopora cingulata Sharp iii 577

diluta Sharp iii 577
Phloeothripidae Hal. iii 677
Phlyctaenia Hub. i 206, iii 359

argoscelis Meyr. i 217

calliastra sp. n. i 207

caminopis sp. n. i 215

chalcophanes sp. n. i 209

chytropa sp. n. i 210

despecta Bull, i 217, iii 360

endopyra sp. n. i 219, iii 360

ennychioides Butl. i 216, iii 359

ephippias sp. n. i 210

eucrena Meyr. i 213

heterodoxa sp. n. i 220

hyacinthis sp. n. i 208

iocrossa sp. n. i 212

lanipadias sp. n. iii 359

INDEX

Plilyctaenia liopis sp. n. i 218

metasenia sp. n. i 214

niicacea Butl. i 212, iii 359

monticolans Butl. i 211, iii 359

nigrescens Butl. i 211, iii 359

ommatias sp. n. i 215

pachygramnia sp. n. i 216

platyleuca sp. n. i 214

pyranthes sp. n. i 220

rhodias sp. n. i 219

stellata Butl. iii 359

synastra sp. n. i 20S, iii 359
Pholcidae ii 446
Pholcus distinctus Cambr. ii 446

elongatus Vins. ii 446

margarita Workm. ii 446

phalangioides Dol. ii 446

tipuloides Koch ii 446
Phora sp. n. iii 76
Phormia regina Meig. iii 28
Phoxopteris rufipennis Btl. i 680
Phrynomorphini iii 555
Phrynomorphus hospes Kirk, ii 576
Phthoriniaea operculella Z. i 483, 485, 731
Phycitidae iii 355, clvi
Phyllodromia gernianica L. ii 5

hieroglyphica Brunn. ii 5

hospes sp. n. ii 5

obtusta Brunn. ii 5
Physa flavida Cless. ii 391

hartmanni Cless. ii 392

moreletiana Cless. ii 392

naticoides Cless. ii 392

peasei Cless. ii 393

reticulata Gould ii 393

sandwichensis Cless. ii 391
Physopleurella mundula White ii 551, iii 126
Physopus rubrocincta Giard iii 699
Pieris rapae cliv
Piestini iii 538

Pilinothrix bicolor sp. n. i 299
Pimpla Fabr. i 339, ii 676

hawaiiensis Cam. i 339, ii 676
Piophila casei Linn, iii 48
Pipunculidae ii 697, iii 17, clxxxiii
Pipunculus acrothrix sp. n. ii 698

hawaiiensis Perk, ii 699

holomelas sp. n. ii 698

juvator Perk, ii 699

molokaiensis sp. n. iii 17

nigrotarsatus sp. n. iii 18

oahuensis Perk, ii 699

pyrophilus sp. n. ii 698

rotundipennis sp. n. iii 18

sp. iii 19

sweezeyi Perk, ii 699

terryi Perk, ii 699

vulcanus sp. n. ii 697
Pison hospes i 14

iridipennis i 14

sp. li 606
Pitys elisae Ancey ii 290
Plagithmysides ii 98
Plagithmysus Motsch. ii 104, xxvi, cxvi

aequalis Sharp ii 112

aestivus Sharp ii 111

arachnipes Sharp ii 112

bilineatus Sharp ii 108

bishopi Sharp ii 108, Ixviii

blackburni Sharp ii 1 1 1

coUaris sp. n. ii 107

Plagithmysus concolor Sharp ii 106

cristatus Sharp ii 113, iii 650
cuneatus Sharp ii 106
darwinianus Sharp ii 109, Ixvii
diana sp. n. ii 107
elegans sp. n. iii 648
finschi Har. ii 106
fractus sp. n. iii 646
funebris Sharp ii 106
giffardi Perk, iii 646
immundus sp. n. iii 646
laniarckianus sp. n. ii 1 10, Ixvii
lanaiensis Sharp ii 108
munroi sp. n. ii 112
newelli Sharp ii 105
perkinsi Sharp ii 109
permundus sp. n. ii 105
pulverulentus Motsch. ii 107
pulvillatus Karsch ii 1 1 1
simplicicollis sp. n. iii 648
solitarius Sharp ii 106, iii 647
speculifer Sharp ii in
sulphurescens Sharp ii iii
varians Sharp ii 109
varians Sharp var. ii 1 10
vicinus Sharp ii 108, Ixviii
vitticollis Sharp ii 105
vitticollis var. longulus ii 105

Planchonia pustulans Cock, iii 104

Plants, introduced xxv

Platydenia obscurum Sharp ii 252

Platygasteridae ii 626, ciii

Platygaster lecanii Fitch i 328

Platyhelminthes ii 429

Platymischoides gen. n. i 296

molokaiensis sp. n. i 296

Platynus Bon. iii 228

ambiens sp. n. iii 228
calathiformis sp. n. iii 229
planus Karsch iii 216

Platypini ii 182

Platyptiha Hb. 1 472, 731

brachymorpha Meyr. i 474
cosmodaetyla Btl. i 472
fuscicornig Z. i 472, 731
insularis sp. n. i 475
littoralis Btl. i 476
repletalis Btl. i 475
rhyncophora Meyr. i 475

Platyura fuscocostata sp. n. iii 2
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 3
insularis sp. n. iii 4

Plegadis guarauna L. i 456

Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis sp. n. i 342

Plexippus ardelio Thor. ii 511
ligo Koch ii 512
paykuUi Aud. ii 512

Plochionus bonfilsii Dej. iii 28S
pallens Fabr. iii 288

Plodia interpunctella Hiib. i 195

Ploiiariinae iii 151

Ploiariodes White iii 151

pulchra Blackb. iii 152
rubromaculata Blackb. iii 151
whitei White iii 151

Ploiariola Reut. iii 151

Plusiadae i 153, iii 347, cxlviii

Plusia Ochs. i 159, iii 348
biloba Steph. i 159
chalcites Esp. iii 349
chalcites (verticillata) i 159

FA UNA HA WA I I EN SIS

Plusia pterylota sp. n. iii 348
Plutella albovenosa sp. n. i 653

annulatellus Wd. i 652

brassicella Fitch i 652

cicerella Rndi. i 652

cruciferarum Z. i 652

dubiosella Bent, i 652

galealella Mab. i 652

limbipennella Clins. i 652

maculipennis Crt. i 652

niollipedella Clms. i 652

xylostella Hb. i 652
Poekillopteridae iii 116, cciv
Poeciloptera acuta Walk, iii 117
Pogonoiiiyrme.x occidentalis i lig
Polistes aurifer i 29

hebraeus i 30
Polyainma Kri. i 336
Polynema Hal. i 332, ii 661

apicalis sp. n. ii 665

ciliata sp. n. ii 666

gigas sp. n. ii 661

havvaiiensis sp. n. i 332

jassidarum sp. n. ii 666

nana sp. n. ii 667

oahuensis sp. n. ii 664

perforator sp. n. ii 665

pyrophila sp. n. ii 662

reduvioli Perk, ii 667

rubri\entris sp. n. ii 663

scrutator sp. n. ii 663

tantalea sp. n. ii -664

terrestris sp. n. ii 662

triscia sp. n. ii 664
Poly.xenus hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 327
Polyzosteria soror Brunn. ii 6
Ponera gleadovvii decipiens i ii8

kalakauae sp. n. i 116

perkinsi sp. n. i 117
Pontoscolex hawaiiensis Bedd. ii 4-14
Porcellio laevis Latr. ii 524

scaber Latr. ii 524
Prays Hb. i 651, 735

fulvocanellus sp. n. i 652, 735
Prenolepis bourbonica hawaiiensis i 120

longicornis i 120

obscura i 120

sharpii i 121, xlii
Prionini ii 95

Prionopteryx exonoma sp. n. i 198
Priperia gen. n. iii 340

bicolor sp. n. iii 340
Pristomerus hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 680

hilaris sp. n. ii 681
Proctotrupoidea ii 616, ciii
Proctotrypes hawaiiensis sp. n. i 294
Prodisenochus gen. n. iii 210

terebratus Blackb. iii 211
Proernus nom. n. ii 497

aculeatus sp. n. ii 498

castaneus sp. n. ii 498

schauinslandi Sim. ii 497, iii 343

velox sp. n. ii 499, iii 343
Prognathogryllides ii 22
Prognathogryllus Brunn. ii 24, ii 689, xlix

alatus Brunn. ii 24

elongatus sp. n. ii 25

forficularis Brunn. ii 29

inexspectatus sp. n. ii 26

robustus sp. n. ii 25

oahuensis sp. n. ii 25

Prognostola gen. n. i 167

creninopis sp. n. i 167
Promecoderus fossulatus Karsch iii 211
Promylaea gen. n. i 227

pyropa sp. n. i 227
Propalticus Sharp iii 420

oculatus .Sharp iii 421, cxxxiii
Prosopidae ii 601, Ixxviii
Prosopis anthracina Sm. i 100

flavifrons i 10 1

hilaris Sm. i 103

kona Bl. i 82

rugiventris Bl. & C. i 100

volatilis Sm. i 105
Prosoplus banksii Fabr. ii 114
Prosthetochaeta gen. n. iii 24

fasciata sp. n. iii 25

lucilioides sp. n. iii 25

obscura sp. n. iii 25

robusta sp. n. iii 24

spp. iii 26
Protapanteles hawaiiensis i 362
Protaulacistis gen. n. i 246

cataphaea sp. n. i 246
Proteopteryx blackburnii Btl. i 675

walsinghamii Btl. i 684
Proterhinidae ii 183, iii 656, cxxv
Proterhinus adelus sp. n. ii 202, iii 657

adelus var. chrysadelus var. n. iii 658

adelus var. constricticeps var. n. iii 658

affinis sp. n. ii 238

alyxiae sp. n. ii 244

amaurodes sp. n. ii 190

analcis sp. n. ii 230

angularis Sharp ii 243

659

angustiformis sp. n. 11 197
angustior sp. n. ii 233
anthracias sp. n. ii 185
antiquus sp. n. ii 193
archaeus sp. n. ii 209, iii 666
arhopalus sp. n. ii 219
basalis Sharp ii 187
binotatus sp. n. ii 191
blackburni Sharp ii 246, iii 666
brevifonnis sp. n. ii 229
brevipennis sp. n. ii 218
calliphyas sp. n. ii 224
cognatus sp. n. ii 197
collaris Sharp ii 190
comes sp. n. ii 213
compactus sp. n. ii 203
convexiusculus sp. n. ii 232
crassicornis sp. n. ii 1S5
debilis Sharp ii 245
deceptor sp. n. ii 245, iii 664, l\iv
deinops sp. n. ii 201, iii 657
denudatus sp. n. ii 203, iii 661
desquamatus sp. n. ii 240
detritus Sharp ii 228
difficilis sp. n. ii 188
dispar Sharp ii 243, iii 663
dubiosus sp. n. ii 187
echidna sp. n. iii 658
echinoides sp. n. ii 232
epichlorus sp. n. ii 230
epichrysus sp. n. ii 218
epimelas sp. n. ii 226
epitrachys sp. n. ii 220
epitretus sp. n. ii 229
erythrodes sp. n. ii 234
eugonias sp. n. ii 186

INDEX

Proterhinus eulepis sp. n. ii i88
eurhopaius sp. n. ii 196
eurhynchus sp. n. ii 239
excrucians sp. n. iii 662
facilis sp. n. iii 663
ferrugineus sp. n. ii 241
gigas sp. n. ii 185
gracilis Sharp ii 238
haleakalae sp. n. ii 219
hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 236
hemichlorus sp. n. ii 217
homoeochromus sp. n. ii 197
heterostictus sp. n. iii 661
heterotarsus sp. n. ii 234
humeralis Sharp ii 217
hypotretus sp. n. ii 240
ineptus Sharp ii 228
innotabilis sp. n. ii 242
insignis .Sharp ii 227
integer Sharp ii 228
kaalae sp. n. ii 2(39
kamptarthrus sp. n. ii 199
lanaiensis sp. n. ii 227
laticolHs Blackb. ii 211
laticornis sp. n. ii 196
lecontei Sharp ii 213
leiorhynchus sp. n. ii 200, iii 656
leptophyas sp. n. ii 198
leptorhynchus sp. n. ii 222
leptothrix sp. n. ii 207
leucothorax sp. n. ii 233
linearis Blackb. ii 198
longicornis Sharp ii 227
longulus Sharp ii 208, iii 660
maculatus sp. n. ii 221
maculifer sp. n. ii 198
maurus sp. n. iii 658
megalotarsus sp. n. ii 216
microtarsus sp. n. ii 215
minimus sp. n. iii 666
mirabilis sp. n. ii 223
molokaiensis sp. n. ii 231
myrsineoides sp. n. iii 659
myrsineus sp. n. iii 659
navita sp. n. ii 244
neglectus sp. n. ii i8g
nigricans Sharp ii 191
nivicola sp. n. ii 225
oahuensis sp. n. ii 208
obscuricolor sp. n. ii 202, iii 660
obscurus Sharp ii 210, iii 663
ombrophilus sp. n. ii 235
oscillans Sharp ii 210, iii 664
osculans sp. n. ii 222
oxygonias sp. n. ii 206
pachycnemis sp. n. ii 211, iii 664
paradoxus Sharp ii 208
peles sp. n. ii 237
persimilis sp. n. ii 224
pipturi sp. n. iii 665
platygonias sp. n. ii 204
platygiiifiioides sp. n. iii 661
podagricus sp. n. iii 656
pteridis sp. n. ii 235
punctipennis Sharp ii 225
pusillus Sharp ii 212, iii 665
pusillus var. subpusillus van n. iii 665
robustus Blackb. ii 205
rufescens sp. n. ii 237
ruficollis sp. n. ii 226
ruficornis sp. n. ii 200, iii 657

Proterhinus scutatus Blackb. ii 192
separandus sp. n. ii 221
serricornis sp. n. ii 195
seticoUis sp. n. ii 207, iii 661
setiger sp. n. ii 193
setulosus sp. n. ii 192
sharpi sp. n. ii 213
similis Blackb. ii 241
simplex Sharp ii 206
solitarius sp. n. ii 193
squalidus sp. n. ii 194
squamicollis sp. n. ii 201, iii 657
sternalioides sp. n. ii 215
sternalis Sharp ii 215
subangularis sp. n. iii 660
subdeceptor sp. n. iii 664
subplanatus sp. n. ii 205, iii 660
tarsalis Blackb. ii 239
transversalis sp. n. iii 662
tuberculiceps sp. n. ii 214
validus Sharp ii 212
vestitus Sharp ii 205, iii 662
vicinus sp. n. ii 212, iii 665
vulcanus sp. n. ii 236
wikstroemiae sp. n. ii 195

Proterocosma triplanetis Meyr. i 514

Protocolletis constricta Meyr. i 225

Protoparce blackburni Butl. i 193

Psallus sharpianus sp. n. iii 131

Psamniodius Serv. iii 402

Psammoechus Latr. iii 427

desjardinsii Gudr. iii 428
insularis Sharp iii 428
pallidipennis Blackb. iii 428

Psecadia Hb. i 507

Pseudobaeus gen. n. ii 620

peregrinus sp. n. ii 621

Pseudobroscus gen. n. iii 196
lentus sp. n. iii 196

Pseudoclerada gen. n. iii 140
kilaueae Kirk, ii 553
niorai sp. n. iii 141, ii 553

Pseudococcus adonidum Linne iii 103
albizziae Mask, iii 103
calceolariae Mask, iii 103
citri Risso iii 103
vastator Mask, iii 103
virgatus Cock, iii 103

Pseudocoremia paludicola Butl. i 179

Pseudocorylophidae Matth. iii 431

Pseudohyalina kauaiensis PfeifF. ii 279

Pseudolus hospes sp. n. ii 149, iii 656
longulus Boh. ii 149

Pseudonestor Rothsch. i 431, Ixxii
xanthophrys Rothsch. i 432

Pseudopsectra gen. n. ii 46, xlix
lobipennis sp. n. ii 46

Pseudopterocheilus ii 607

Pseudopterocheilus congruus Sm. ii 607
pterocheiloides Perk, ii 607
relictus Perk, ii 607

Psilopus patellifer Thorns, iii 11

Psittacirostra Temni. i 433, Ixii
psittacea Gmel. i 435

Psocidae ii 77

Psocoptera clxxv

Psocus distinguendus sp. n. ii So
haleakalae sp. n. ii 77
heterogamias sp. n. ii 82
hualalai sp. n. ii 79
kauaiensis sp. n. ii 79

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

490
i 490

11 497

Psocus konae sp. n. ii 79
lanaiensis sp. n. ii
molokaiensis sp. n.
monticola sp. n. ii
oahuensis sp. n. ii
simulator sp. n. ii
sylvestris sp. n. ii
unicus sp. n. ii 78
vittipennis sp. n. ii

Psychra gen. n. i 489

brevipalpis sp. n. i
phycidifonnis sp. n.

Psychodidae iii 6, cl.xxxi

Psychoda inornata sp. n. iii

Psyllidae iii 113

Pterelas schauinslandi Sim.

Pteritoptides ii 114

Pterodiscus digonophorus Ancey ii
petasus Aucey ii 292
wesleyi Sykes ii 292

Pteromalidae i 323, ii 655, cvi

Pteromalus fuscitarsis sp. n. i 323

Pterophorina i 471, 731, clxii

Pterostichides iii 243, Ivi

Ptiliodes blackburni Matth. iii 536
insignis sp. n. iii 536
pulchellus sp. n. iii 537

Ptinella pacifica Matth. iii 537

Ptychothrix gen. n. i 489

vagans sp. n. i 489

Puffinus cuneattis Salv. i 463
newelli Hensh. i 463

Pulvinaria mammeae Mask, ii
psidii Mask, iii 104

Pundaluoya simplicia Dist. ii

Pupidae ii 293

Pupa acanthinula Ancey ii 294
admodesta Migh. ii 294
bacca Pease ii 294
costata Pease ii 294
costulosa Pease ii 295
iyonsiana Ancey ii 294
lyrata Gould ii 294
magdalenae Ancey ii 294
mirabilis Ancey ii 295
nacca Gould ii 295
newcombi Pfeiffer ii 295
pediculus Shuttl. ii 295
peponum Gould ii 380
peponum Gould ii 382
perlonga Pease ii 295
seminulum Boettg. ii 295
striatula Pease ii 294

Pycnophion fuscipennis sp. n. ii 680
kauaiensis sp. n. i 344
molokaiensis sp. n. i 344

Pyralididae i 275, iii 365

Pyralidina i 731

104

577

Pyralis Linn.
Boisd.

365

achatina Butl. 1 275
grotiana F. i 709
manihotalis Guen. i 275
mauritialis Boisd. i 275
Pyrameis atalanta etc. xxix

Cordelia Doubl. i 193
Pyraustidae iii 356, clvii
Pyrausta Schranck i 220, iii 360
brontias sp. n. i 223
bryochloris sp. n. i 221
chloropis sp. n. i 222

224
223

549

547

548

Pyrausta constricta Butl. i 224, iii 360

dracontias sp. n. i 221

dryadopa sp. n. i 222

litorea Butl. i 224, xxv

phaethontia sp. n. i 225

psychropa sp. n. i

thermantis sp. n. i
Pyroderces HS. i 514
Pyrrhocoridae iii 158

Querquedula carolinensis Linn, i 461

Rainfall xxiii

Reclada moesta White iii 160

Recurvaria sarcitea Hw. i 649

Reduviidae iii 149, ii 550, cxcviii

Reduviinae iii 150

Reduviolus Kirby iii 153, ii 546, xlix, Iwiii cxc\'

arrogans Kirk, ii 547

blackburni White iii 155, ii 546

capsiformis ii 546, cxcv

curtipennis Blackb. ii 549

innotatus iii 154, ii 546

kahavalu Kirk, ii 546

kaonohiula Kirk, ii 548

kerasphoros Kirk, ii

koelensis Blackb. ii

lolupe Kirk, ii 549

lusciosus iii 157, ii

milu ii 549

monticola Kir-k. ii 548

montivagus Kirk, ii 548

morai sp. n. iii 155, ii 547

nubigenus Kirk, ii 547

oscillans Blackb. ii 547

paludicola Kirk, ii 549

procellaris Kirk, ii 548

rubritinctus iii 157, ii 549

sharpianus sp. n. iii 156

silvestris Kirk, ii 549

silvicola Kirk, ii 548

subrufus iii 156, ii 547

tarai sp. n. iii 154

truculentus Kirk, ii 547

volcanicola Kirk, ii 548
Reduvius laniger Butl. iii 150
Reptilia i 365

Rhantus pacificus Sharp iii 289
Rhinia testacea Desv. iii 83
Rhinomactrum gen. n. i 531

rutilellum sp. n. i 531

scapulellum sp. n. i 531
Rhizophagus capito Fairm. iii 434
Rhodacanthis Rothsch. i 436, Ixxii

flaviceps Rothsch. i 438

palmeri Rothsch. i 438
Rhodaria despecta Butl. i 217
Rhopalus Schill. iii 170

hyalinus Fabr. iii 170, cxciii
Rhygchium nigripennis Holm, i 70
Rhyncogonus blackburni Sharp ii 126

depressus sp. n. ii 128 «^

dubius sp. n. ii 125

extraneus sp. n. iii 651

freycinetiae sp. n. ii 126

funereus sp. n. ii 123

fuscus sp. n. iii 652

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 127

koebelei sp. n. ii 126, iii 653

lahainae sp. n. ii 128

lanaiensis sp. n. ii 128

INDEX

Rhyncogonus minor sp. n. ii 124

niolokaiensis sp. n. ii 125

nitidus sp. n. ii 122

oleae sp. n. iii 652

sharpi sp. n. iii 650

simplex sp. n. iii 651

sordidus sp. n. ii 127

squamiger sp. n. ii 123

stygius sp. n. ii 124

sylvicola sp. n. ii 130

tuberculatus sp. n. ii 129

vestitus Sharp ii 130, \xv -

vittatus sp. n. ii 129
Rhyncolus gracilis Boh. ii 149

longulus Boh. ii 149

tenuis (}enini. ii 149
Rhynchopimpla Kriechb. i 336
Rhyparochromus nigriceps Dall. iii 159
Rhysodidae iii 429
Rhyzodes liratiis Chevr. iii 429
Rhyzopertha dominica Fabr. iii 643

pusilla .Steph. iii 643
Riphidophora Hb. i 477

.Sacium angusticolle sp. n. iii 416
.Salbia continuatalis Wall, i 205
.Sakla exulans White iii 146

oahnensis Blackb. iii 146
Salticus ■acutus Blackvv. ii 511

citus Canibr. ii 511

ruficapillus Dol. ii 511

scabellatus Butl. ii 511

striatus Luc. ii 511

vaillanti Luc. ii 512
.Sandalodes Keyserl. ii 512

albociliatus sp. n. ii 514

canosus sp. n. ii 515

cruciatus sp. n. ii 516

navatus sp. n. ii 515

pubens sp. n. ii 513

seniculus sp. n. ii 517

validus sp. n. ii 514, iii 344

verecundus sp. n. ii 516, iii 344
Saprinus lugens iii 510

oregonensis Lee. iii 510
Sapromyza sp. iii 85, cl.\.\xviii
Saprosites pygmaeus Har. iii 402
Sarcophagidae iii 21, 83
.Sarcophaga barbata Thorns, iii 26

dux Thoms. iii 27

pallinervis Thoms. iii 26
Sargus sp. iii 1 1
Sarona gen. n. iii 142

adonias sp. n. iii 142
Saronychium inconspicuum Blackb. iii 288
Scaphisonia perkinsi sp. n. iii 534
Scarabeidae iii 401, cxxxi
Scardia lignivora Btl. i 646, 647
.Scatella hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 49, 85
Scelionidae ii 618, cii
Scenopinus niger Mg. iii 11, clxxxii
Schistoceros cornutus Pall, iii 642
Sciara niolokaiensis sp. n. iii 2
Scieropepla typhicola Meyr. i 485
Sciomyzidae clxxxvii
.Sciomyza hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 84

sp. iii 43
Sciophagus pandanicola Fairm. ii 253
Scleroderma breviventre sp. n. i 286

chlorodes sp. n. ii 613

euprepes sp. n. ii 612

F. H.

Scleroderma kaalae sp. n. i 2S5
lanaiense sp. n. i 2S5
nigriventre sp. n. i 285
perkinsi sp. n. i 284
poecilodes sp. n. ii 613
polynesiale Saund. i 284
sophorae sp. n. ii 614
Sclerostomum armatum Dies, ii 428
Scolothrips 6-maculatus Perg. iii 700
Scolytidae ii 173, cxxiii
Scoparia Haw. i 246, iii 362
actias sp. n. i 256
aeolias sp. n. i 262
altivolans Butl. i 155
amphicypella sp. n. i 250
antimacha sp. n. i 252
balanopis sp. n. i 250, iii 362
bucolica sp. n. i 263, iii 364
catactis sp. n. iii 363
clonodes sp. n. i 265
coarctata i 271
crataea sp. n. i 259
cryerodes sp. n. i 259
dactyliopa sp. n. i 268
demodes Meyr. i 268, iii 364
empeda sp. n. i 267
epimystis sp. n. i 269
erebochalea sp. n. i 264
formosa Butl. i 257
frigida Butl. i 270, 272
geraea sp. n. i 269, iii 365
gonodecta sp. n. iii 362
halirrhoa sp. n. i 255
halmaea sp. n. i 272
halmaea Meyr. iii 365
hawaiensis Butl. i 267, iii 364
ianthes sp. n. i 261, iii 364
ischnias Meyr. i 271
jucunda Butl. i 257
loxocentra sp. n. i 255
niacrophanes Meyr. i 271
marmarias sp. n. i 261, iii 364
nielanocephala sp. n. i 256
melanopis Meyr. i 271, iii 365
melichlora sp. n. i 266
meristis sp. n. i 272, iii 365
mesoleuca sp. n. i 252, iii 363
niiantis sp. n. i 252
montana Butl. i 271
nectarias sp. n. i 262
nyctombra sp. n. i 264
oenopis sp. n. i 264
ombrodes Meyr. i 260, iii 364
omichlopis sp. n. i 274
orthoria sp. n. i 251
oxythyma sp. n. i 250
pachysema Meyr. i 254
parachlora sp. n. i 261
passalota sp. n. i 251
pentaspila sp. n. i 253
peronetis sp. n. i 270
platyscia sp. n. i 273
probolaea sp. n. i 273
pyrseutis sp. n. i 263, iii 364
religiosa sp. n. iii 365
rhombias sp. n. i 249, iii 362
siderina sp. n. i 260
struthias sp. n. i 257
tetranesa sp. n. i 249
thalamias sp. n. i 254
thyellopis sp. n. i 265

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Scoparia triacma sp. n. i 258

tyraiila sp. n. i 253

venosa Butl. i 274

zophochlora sp. n. i 266
Scoptonoma Z. i 469
Scopula argoscelis Meyr. i 217

constricta Butl. i 224

despecta Meyr. i 217

ennychioides Meyr. i 216

eucrena Meyr. i 213

exigua i 217

litorea Butl. i 224

micacea Meyr. i 212

monticolans Meyr. i 211

nigrescens Meyr. i 211
Scorpiones ii 517
Scotomera hydrophila Butl. i 199
Scotorythra Butl. i 170, .\xvi

anagraptis sp. n. i 178

arboricolans Butl. i 173, iii 350

artemidora sp. n. i 186

aruraea sp. n. i 176

brachytarsa sp. n. i 187, iii 354

capnopa sp. n. i 183

caryopis sp. n. i 173, iii 350

corticea Butl. i 174

demetrias sp. n. i 180

diceraunia Meyr. iii 354

dissotis sp. n. iii 351

epicyma sp. n. i 174

euryphaea sp. n. i 188, iii 354

goniastis sp. n. i 180

hecataea sp. n. i 177, iii 351

homotrias sp. n. i 176, iii 351

hyparcha sp. n. i 189

idolias sp. n. i 178

isospora sp. n. i 175

leptias sp. n. iii 354

macrosoma sp. n. i 185

megalophylla sp. n. i 189, iii 355

metacrossa sp. n. iii 352

nephelosticta sp. n. i 183, iii 353

ortharcha sp. n. i 181

oxyphractis sp. n. i 181, iii 352

pachyspila sp. n. i 185, iii 353

paludicola Butl. i 179

paratactis sp. n. iii 353

platycapna sp. n. i 183

rara Butl. i 187, iii 354

syngonopa sp. 11. i 172

trachyopis sp. n. i 184

trapezias sp. n. i 177

triscia sp. n. i 182, iii 353
Scotosia rara Butl. i 187

corticea Butl. i 174
Scymnus discedens Sharp iii 414

ocellatus Sharp iii 414

vi\idus .Sharp iii 414
Scytodes marmorata Koch ii 444
Selidosemidae iii 349, cl.
Seniiotoscelis Reut. iii 126
Semisulphurea Stn. i 712
Semnoprepia gen. n. i 644

fulvogrisea sp. n. i 644

margella sp. n. i 645

petroptilota sp. n. i 645
Sephora gen. n. iii 161

calvus White iii 162, ii 536

criniger White iii 161, ii 535
Sericoderus basalis Sharp iii 416

pubipennis Sharp iii 417

Setomorpha dryas sp. n. i 726

rutella Z. i 726

Sexual characters Ixv
Sierola Cam. i 286, ii 614

collaris sp. n. i 292

dichroma sp. n. ii 614

flavocoUaris sp. n. i 291

kauaiensis sp. n. i 292

leuconeura Cam. i 289

molokaiensis sp. n. i 290

monticola Cam. i 289

oahuensis sp. n. i 290

testaceipes Cam. i 291
Sierolomorpha hospes sp. n. ii 616
Silpha hirta Marsh, iii 421
Silvanus surinamensis Linn, iii 428

unidentatiis Fabr. iii 428
Simodactylus cinnamomeus Boisd. iii 369
Simplicia caeneusalis i 153

robustalis Guen. i 153, iii 347
Sinella Brooke iii 300
Sinoxylon conigerum Gerst. iii 643
Siphanta acuta Walk, iii 117
Sisyrophyta gen. n. i 168

gomphias sp. n. i 169, iii 349
% ochetias sp. n. i 169
Smeringopus elongatus Vins. ii 446
Snow xxiii

Solanella Bd\ . i 4S3
Solenopsis geminata rufa i 119
Solenius i 15

Solindenia picticornis Cam. i 314
Sotenus setiger Sharp, ii 97
Spaelotis crinigera Butl. i 148
Spalangia cameroni sp. n. ii 656

hirta Hal. i 325

lanaiensis sp. n. i 325

simplex sp. n. ii 657
Spathius perdebilis sp. n. ii 685
Spatula clypeata L. i 461
Species-formation Ixi
Sphaeridium abdominale Fabr. iii 579
Sphaerococcus bambusae Mask, iii 104
Sphegidae Ixxxix

Sphenophorus obscurus Boisd. ii 139
Sphingolabis hawaiiensis Borm. ii 5
Sphingidae cliii
Spliinx conxoh'uli Linn, (cingulata Fab.) i 193

celeus Hub. i 193
Spiraxis cumingiana Pfeiff. ii 373

obsoleta FfeilT. ii 366

paradoxa Pfeiff. ii 374

sandwicensis Pfeiff. ii 399
Spodoptera exigua Hiibn. i 153

flavimaculata i 153

mauritia Boisd. i 152, iii 347
Stagmatophora honorariella sp. n. i 515

incertulella Wkr. {Proterocosma) i 515

quadrifasciata sp. n. i 516

sordidella sp. n. i 516

tridigitella sp. n. {Protcrocosma) i 515
Stagmopinipla Sauss. i 336
Staphylinidae iii 538, cxxxvii
Staphylinus discoideus Giav. iii 548

maxlllosus L. iii 548

ni^^ritulus Gra\-. iii 548
Stasilea curvicomis Karsch. ii 114
Steganoptycha foetori\-orans Btl. i 673
Stcnagria currax Sharp iii 578
Stenamma longiceps Sm. {hchiuvnyriiicx) i 118
.Stenocorus simplex Gyll. ii 97

INDEX

Stenogyridae ii 383

Stenopsociis pulchripennis sp. 11. ii S3
Stenopterus pulverulentus Mot5ch. ii 107
Sterna fuliginosa Gniel. i 464
liinata Peale i 464
nielanauchen Temm. i 464
Stictomischus haleakalae sp. n. i 311
Stigmus inordinatiis Fox ii 605
Stoeberhinus Htl. i 485

testaceiis Btl. i 485, 733
Stomorhina Rond. iii 28

pleuralis Thorns, iii 28
Stomoxys Geoffr. iii 28

calcitrans Linn, iii 28
Stratiomyidae iii 11, 79, clxxxii
Strepsilas inteipres Linn, i 449
Strepsiptera iii 667
Stiomatium hirtuni Fairm. ii 96
Strongyloides intestinalis Bav. ii 428
Stylopyga decoiata Brunn. ii 6
.Styringomyia didyma sp. n. iii 10
Succinea Drap. ii 384

aperta Lea ii 390
apicalis Ancey ii 390
appro.Nimata ShutU. ii 390
aurulenta Ancey ii 385
baldwini .Ancey ii 385
bicoloiata Ancey ii 385
caduca Migh. ii 385
canella Gould ii 385
casta Ancey ii 386
cepulla (ioiild ii 386
cinnamomea Ancey ii 386

delicata Ancey ii

386

elongata Pease ii 386
explanata Gould ii 387
fragilis Soul, ii 386
garrettiana Ancey ii 387
inconspicua Ancey ii 387
konaensis Sykes ii 387
latulenta Ancey ii 387
lumbalis Gould ii 387
niauiensis Ancey ii 388
newconibi Pfeiff. ii 389
newcombiana Garr. ii 388
patula Migh. ii 389
protracta sp. n. ii 388
pudorina Gould ii 390
punctata Pfeiff. ii 388
rotundata Gould ii 389
rubella Pease ii 389
rubida Pease ii 389
socilcyeti Ancey ii 386
tenerrima Ancey ii 390
thaanurni Ancey ii 389
venusta Gould ii 389
vesicalis (joukl ii 390
waianaensis Ancey ii 390

Sula tiber L. i 462

piscator L. i 462

Sulamita gen. n. iii 129

dryas Kirk, ii 552

lunalilo sp. n. iii 130, ii 552

opuna sp. n. iii 131

oreias Kirk, ii 552

Sulamitaria Div. n. iii 129

Sympetrum blackburni McLachL ii 62

Sympiesis konae sp. n. i 331

Synaerna Sim. ii 492

dimidiatipes sp. n. ii 493
fronto sp. n. ii 493, iii 342

Synaenia impotens sp. n. ii 494
naevigerum sp. n. ii 4^4
rutntliorax sp. n. iii 342

Synoniotis i 492

epicapna Meyr. i 500

Syritta oceanica Macq. iii 19

Syroloma jjen. n. ii 509

major sp. n. ii 509, iii 344
minor sp. n. ii 510

Syrphidae iii 19, iii 82, clxxxiv
.Syrphus grandicornis Macc|. iii 19
obesus Fabr. iii 19

Tachinidae iii 20, 83, clxxiv

Tachyusa pumila Sharp iii 577

Tachys arcanicola Blackb. iii 287
atomus Blackb. iii 287
mucescens Blackb. iii 288
oahuensis Blackb. iii 287

Taenia crassicoUis Rud. ii 434
solium Lutz. ii 434

Talis floricolans Bull, i 200, iii 356
geralea sp. n. i ig8
homoroda sp. n. i 199, iii 356
hyacinthena sp. n. i 200
hydrophila Butl. i 199, iii 356
oxyptera Meyr. i 199

Talitridae ii 527

Tanytarsus lacieiclavus sp. n. iii 5

Tapinoma melanoceplialum i 120, cii

Tarsostenus univittatus Rossi iii 367

Tatare familiaris xvii

Tebennophorus australis Bergh ii 286
bilineatus Bens, ii 286
striatus Hass. ii 286

Tegenaria civilis Walck. ii 505
dehrani Thor. ii 505
domestica Clerck ii 505

Tegeocranus pustulatus sp. n. iii 704

Telenomus adelphus sp. n. ii 6ig
despiciendus sp. n. ii 618
rhopali sp. n. ii 61 8, cxciii
paractias sp. n. ii 619
vulcanus sp. n. ii 619

Telephanus insularis Sharp iii 428

pallidipennis Blackb. iii 428

Telmatophilus debilis Sharp iii 422

Temperature xxiii

Tenebrio diaperinus Panz. ii 253
mauritanicus Linn, iii 434

Tenebrionidae ii 252, cxxvii

Tenebroides Pill. & Mitterp. iii 434

Tephritis annonae Fabr. iii 44
crassipes iii 45
cratericola sp. n. iii 46
limpidapex sp. n. iii 46

Teras basialbana Wkr. i 690
dotalana Wkr. i 690
illepida Btl. i 681
postvittana Wkr. i 690
retractana Wkr. i 690
secretana Wkr. i 690
scitulana Wkr. i 690

Teratodes Gn. i 703

Termitidae ii 88

Tetigoniidae or Jassidae iii 114, ccix

Tetigonia Geotlr. iii 116

varicolor Sign, iii 116

Tetragnatha Latr. ii 466

cuneiventris sp. n. ii 475
hawaiensis sp. n. ii 470, iii 341

F 2

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Tetragnatha kauaiensis ii 472

leptognatha Thor. ii 468
mandibulata Walck. ii 468
minatoria Sim. ii 468
netrix sp. n. ii 468
perkinsi sp. n. ii 470
restricta sp. n. ii 473
sobrina sp. n. ii 471
Lincifera sp. n. ii 474

Tetramoriuiii guineense Fabr. i iiS

Tetrasticlius hagenowii Ratz. i 329

Tettigoniidae ii 555

Teutana grossa Koch ii 460

Thaanumia omphalodes Ancey ii 373

Thallatodora gen. n. ii 146

insignis sp. n. ii 146

Thauniatodon Pilsbry ii 288

Thauniatogiylkis gen. n. ii 27
vai'iegatus sp. n. ii 27

Theridion Walck. ii 448

acutitarse sp. n. ii 456, iii 340
bajiilans Koch ii 450
borbonicum Vins. ii 450
canipestratum sp. n. ii 450
flavoaurantiacum Sim. ii 450
grallator sp. n. ii 456
grossum Koch ii 460
haleakalense sp. n. ii 453
kauaiense sp. n. ii 455
longipes Hass. ii 450
luteipes Cambr. ii 450
mauiense sp. n. ii 452
mehnum sp. n. ii 457
perkinsi sp. n. ii 454, iii 340
posticatum sp. n. ii 458
praetexturn sp. n. ii 450
praetextum concolor ii 451
rufifes Luc. ii 450
tepidariorum Koch ii 449
trigonium Hentz ii 446
vulgare Hentz ii 449

Thoracophorus blackburni Sharp iii 538
brevipennis Sharp iii 539

Thrips 6-maculata Perg. iii 700
multispinus sp. n. iii 699
pallida Beach iii 700

Thriscothorax gen. n. iii 257
apicalis sp. n. iii 264
argutor sp. n. iii 268
bembidioides Blackb. iii 262
bradyderus sp. n. iii 267
, bre\is Blackb. iii 267
chalcosiis sp. n. iii 264
constrictus sp. n. iii 261
cordaticollis Blackb. iii 259
discedens sp. n. iii 263
ducalis sp. n. iii 266
filipes sp. n. iii 257
gracilis sp. 11. iii 258
insolitus sp. n. iii 261
karschi Blackb. iii 266
laetiis Blackb. iii 262
laticoUis sp. n. iii 267
modestiis sp. n. iii 259
molokaiae sp. n. iii 260
mundanus sp. n. iii 261
obscuricolor Blackb. iii 266
palustris sp. n. iii 258
paradoxus Blackb. iii 263
perkinsi sp. n. iii 265
perstriatus sp. n. iii 260

Thriscothorax platysminus sp. n. iii 268
robustus Blackb. iii 268
subconstrictus sp. n. iii 259
unctus Blackb. iii 257
variipes sp. n. iii 265

Thyene Sim. ii 512

Thyreocoridae cxcii

Thyrocopa .Meyr. i 492, 733, xxvi

abusa sp. n. i 492, 504, 733
adumbrata sp. n. i 503
albonubila sp. n. i 495
alterna sp. n. i 501
argentea Btl. i 496, 733
cinercUa sp. n. i 494
depressariella sp. n. i 498
epicapna Meyr. i 500
fraudulenlella sp. n. i 502
geminipuncta sp. n. i 506
gigas Btl. i 493
immutata sp. n. i 501
indecora Btl. i 497
inerrnis sp. n. i 503
lactea Btl. i 497
leonina sp. n. i 505
mediomaculata sp. n. i 506
megas sp. n. i 495
minor sp. n. i 496
nubifer sp. n. i 499
pallida sp. n. i 502, 733
pulverulenta sp. n. i 500
usitata Btl. i 504, TlZ
usitata Meyr. i 492, 504
seminatella sp. n. i 499
sp. Btl. i 499
subahenea sp. n. i 505
tessellatella sp. n. i 498
viduella sp. n. i 494

Thysanoptera iii 669, ccxi

Thysanura iii 293, ccxx

Tichorhinus Fieb. ii 552

kassandra Kirk, ii 553

Tinea L. i 729

aurifluella Hb. i 507
crocicapitella Clnis. i 73S
decunella Hb. i 478
ferruginella Wlsm. i 72S
fuscipunctella Hw. i 729
hyalinella Stgr. i 728
lactella SchilT. i 648, 649
pellionella L. i 729
pyrausta Hb. i 507
rusticella Hb. i 727
simulans Btl. i 714
sp. ? i 729
syringella F. i 721

Tineidae i 711, 737. clxix

Tineina i 478, 731

Tomocera How. i 324, ii 655
californica How. i 324
ceroplastis Perk, ii 655

Tornatellina Beck ii 380

bacillaris Mouss. ii 382
baldwini Ancey ii 380
castanea Ffeiff. ii 376
compacta sp. n. ii 380
confusa sp. n. ii 380
cylindrica sp. n. ii 381
dentata Pease ii 381
euryomphala Ancey ii 381
extincta Ancey ii 381
gracilis Pease ii 381

INDEX

ToniatcUina newconibi Pfeiff. ii 382

oblongata Pease ii 3S2

peponum Gould ii 380, 382

perkinsi sp. n. ii 382

petitiana Pfeiff. ii 377

striata Newc. ii 370

trochoides sp. n. ii 383

umbilicata Ancey ii 383
Tortricidae i 673, 735, clxvii
Toitrix L. i 698

capucina sp. n. i 701, 736

chlorocalla sp. n. i 699

faleriana sp. n. i 701

lanceolana Hb. i 687

metallurgica sp. n. i 699

piceana L. i 6go

rubiginis sp. 11. i 702

thoracina sp. n. i 700

viridana L. i 6g8

woeberiana Schiff i 683
Toxcunia Walk, i 307

affinis sp. n. i 309

fenugineipes sp. n. i 309

hawaiiensis sp. n. i 308

nigrocyinea sp. n. i 311

nubilipennis sp. n. i 310

tarsata sp. n. i 309
Toxocampa noctivolans Butl. i i 58
Tramea lacerata Hagen ii 62
Treniatoda ii 429

Triatoma riibrofasciata de Geer ii 550
Tribolium ferrugineum Fabr. ii 253
Trichoceplialus dispar Rud. ii 428
Trichogrammidae ii 658, cviii
Trichopterygidae iii 535, cxxxvi
Trichopteryx Kirby & Spence iii 538
Trichoptilus W'lsm. i 471

centetes Meyr. i 471

hawaiiensis Btl. i 471

oxydactylus Wkr. i 471

pygmaeus Wlsm. i 471
Tricliothrips laticornis sp. n. iii 692

nigricans sp. n. iii 693
Trigonidium paciticum Scudd. ii 22
Trimicra lateralis sp. n. iii 9
Tringa acuminata Horsf. i 451

maculata Vieill. i 451
Trioza iolani sp. n. iii 114
Triphleps Fieb. iii 125

persequens White ii 551, iii 125
Tritocleis gen. n. i 190

microphylla sp. n. i 190
Trogophloeus abdoniinalis Sharp iii 544

fontinalis Sharp iii 544

senilis Sharp iii 543
Trogosita cornuta Fabr. ii 252
Trox scaber Linn, iii 401
Trypetidae iii 44, clxxxvii
Trypeta crassipes Thorns, iii 45
Trybliographa hawaiiensis sp. n. i 300
Trypoxylon bicolor Sm. ii 606
Trypoxylonidae ii 606, Ixxxviii
Turbo ape.xfulva Dixon ii 29S

lugubris Chenin. ii 298

lugubris sinistrorsus Chenin. ii 301
Typhaea fumata Linn, iii 419

Ulesanis oahuensis sp. n. ii 460

Urocryptus Westw. i 315

L^rophora ciuadrivittata Macq. iii 44

\'anessa atalanta Linn, i 193

cardui Linn, i 194

huntera Fab. i 194 ^

tammeamea Esch. i 193, civ
Variability Ixviii, Ixix
Veliomorpha de Carl, iii 157
Vermes ccxxviii
Vertigo nacca Gould ii 295
Vespidae xcix
Vestiaria Flem. i 402, xxi

coccinea Forst. i 405
Viridonia Rothsch. i 412, Ixxii

sagittirostris Rothsch. i 413
Vitrea Fitz. ii 278

lanaiensis Sykes ii 278

molokaiensis Sykes ii 278

pauxillus Gould ii 279
Vitrina caperata Gould ii 277

tenella Gould ii 27S
Vo ucella obesa Fabr. iii 19

Westwoodella hilaris sp. n. ii 658

Xanthocorynus gen. n. iii 549

deceptor iii 550
Xanthogramma grandicornis Macq. iii 19
Xanthorhoe Hiib. i 165

caustoscia sp. n. i 167

insularis Butl. i 166

ioxantha sp. n. i 165

leucoxyla sp. n. i 166
Xenusa pumila Sharp iii 577
Xeroscopa demodes Meyr. i 268

formosa Meyr. i 257

hawaiensis Meyr. i 267
■ jucunda Meyr. i 258

melanopis Meyr. i 271

pachysema Meyr. i 254

venosa Meyr. i 274
Xiphidium fuscum Fab. ii 14
Xyleborus agamus Blackb. ii 178

confusus Eichhoff ii 177

dubiosus sp n. ii 177

exsectus sp. n. ii 179

frigidus Blackb. ii 178

hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 175

ignobilis sp. n. ii 180

inimaturus Blackb. ii 178

insularis Sharp ii I77

kauaiensis sp. n. ii 174

lanaiensis sp. n. ii 176

littoralis sp. n. ii I79

mauiensis sp. n. ii ,175

oahuensis sp. n. ii I77

obliquus Sharp ii 176

rugatus Blackb. ii 178

simillimus sp. n. ii 176

truncatus Sharp ii 175

vulcanus sp. n. ii 179
Xyletobius Sharp iii 585

affinis Sharp iii 595

aleuritis sp. n. iii 595

ashmeadi sp. n. iii 598

aurifer sp. n. iii 609

beddardi sp. n. iii 599

blackburni sp. n. iii 598

blackburni van scutellaris n. iii 599

blackburni var. simplex n. iii 599

blackburni var. suturalis n. iii 599

brimneri sp. n. iii 597

carpenteri sp. n. iii 596

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

iii 6og

604
603
589

587
594

Xyletobius chryseis sp. n.
collingei sp. n. iii
cyphus sp. n. iii
dollfusi sp. n. iii
durranti sp. n. iii
euceras sp. n. iii
euops sp. n. iii 601
euphorbiae sp. n. iii 602
flosculus sp. n. iii 610
forelii sp. n. iii 6cx3
fraternus sp. n. iii 606
fraternus var. laetior n. iii
grimshawi sp. n. iii 588
hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 613
insignis Blackb. iii 602
kirkaldyi sp. n. iii 600
lasiodes sp. n. iii 612
linealus Sharp iii 611
lineatus var apicalis n. iii
lineatus var. holomelas n. i
lineatus var. humeralis n. i
marmoratus Sharp iii 589
megalops sp. n. iii 601
mesochlorus sp. n. iii 592
meyrickii sp. n. iii 589
nigrinus Sharp iii 603
mimus sp. n. iii 594
niolokaiensis ii 174
nionas sp. n. iii 603
numdus sp. n. iii 608
nuptus sp. n. iii 592
nuptus var. kauaiensis n
nudus sp. n. iii 604
oculatus Sharp iii 595
pele sp. n. iii 593
praeceps sp. n. iii 608
proteus sp. n. iii 590
proteus var. apicalis n. i

606

611

611
612

HI 592

Xyletobius proteus var. dorsalis n. iii 591
proteus var. hastatus n. iii 591
proteus var. maurus n. iii 591
proteus var. simplex n. iii 590
roridus sp. n. iii 606
scotti sp. n. iii 609
serricornis Blackb. iii 612
sharpi sp. n. iii 605
silvestrii sp. n. iii 588
simoni sp. n. iii O05
speiseri sp. n. iii 604
stebbingi sp. n. iii 610
stebbingi var. notatus n. iii 610
submimus sp. n. iii 594
suboculatus sp. n. iii 596
sulcatus sp. n. iii 613
sulcatus var. apicalis n. iii 613
sykesii sp. n. iii 607
sykesii var. molokaiensis n. iii 607
walsinghamii sp. n. iii 587
Xylocopa aeneipennis i 113, lx.\xiii
Xylophagus spiniger Wied iii 79
Xylopsocus castanoptera Fairm. iii 643
Xylopertha religiosa Boisd, iii 643
Xylothrips religiosa Boisd. iii 643
Xylotrogus brunneus Steph. iii 644
Xystophora Hein. i 478
Xystrocera globosa Olivier ii 96

Zacranium gen. n. i 295

oahuense sp. n. i 295
Zelinae iii 149
Zelus Fabr. iii 149

laevicollis Champ, ii 550

peregrinus sp. n. iii 149, ii 550

renardi Kol. ii 550
Zonitidae ii 277
Z)gocheta iii 338

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. .\T THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I. (VOL. II.)

ORTHOPTERA.

Fig.

S-

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

lO.

Fig.

II.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13-

Fig-

14.

Fig.

IS-

Fig.

Fig-

17-

Fig.

Brachymetopa discolor $ ; \ a front view of head of the same.
B. blackburni ? .

B. nitida <? ; 3 a variety of the ? ; 3 1^ example in the attitude assumed when the insect
molested.

B. unica $ .

B. inaiiiensis ? .

B. pannila $ ; 6 a var. hrumiea c? -

B. deplanata $, .

Conocephaloides hawaiiensis ? .

Paratrigonidium roseiim $ -

P. atroferrugineum $.

P. viridescefts i .

P. grande $ .

P. atteniiatum <$ .

PrognathogiyUus robi/stus ? .

P. elongatus 9 .

Thaumatogryllus variegatus ? .

Leptogryllus nigro-maculatus ? .

L. elongatus 9 ■

L. simillimus ? .

FAUNA HAY/AIIE^ISiS.

VOL. II, PL ATE 1.

m m

Perkins Orthoptera.

^fi^/mn, liih Caml»ialffe

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II. (VOL. II.)

ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. I. Brachymetopa discolor, apex of abdomen showing cerci in dorsal view; \a the same in

apical view.
Fig. 2. B. nitida, cerci in dorsal view ; 2 a apical view of the same.
Fig. 3. B. deplanata, cerci in dorsal view ; 3 a apical view of the same.
Fig. 4. B. mmdefisis, cerci in dorsal view ; 4 a apical view of the same.

Fig. 5. Paratrigonidium attettuatum, var. tni/ior, before the last ecdysis, showing wings and tegmina
about equally developed. The former entirely disappear at the last moult.

Fig. 6. Lateral field of superior tegmen of P. filicum ; 6 a the same of P. pacificum.

Fig. 7. Myrmecophila quadrispina, posterior tibia with four spines on its inner margin.

Fig. 8. Prognathogryllus alattis, posterior tibia in dorsal aspect ; 8 a apex of tibia viewed outwardly ;
%b the same on inner side {s, s\ the apical spine of the two series, c' and c' the upper and
lower calcar in each figure).

Fig. 9. Aphonogryllus aptery.x ; g a meso- and metathorax in lateral aspect; qb outer, and <)c inner
aspect of apex of posterior tibia (the lettering as before).

Fig. 10. Thaumatogryllus variegatus, mesothorax, metathorax and first abdominal segment of $,
showing the scale-like tegmina; \o a the same parts in the ?, the tegmina less developed {teg.
tegmina conceahng more or less of the meso- and metathorax, ab i the first abdominal segment) ;
10/; and loi' the two lateral views of apex of posterior tibia, the lettering as before; \od dorsal
aspect of apex of posterior tibia of another example, in which the apical spine of either series
is very far removed from the calcaria. Only the apex of one of these spines is shown, that
on the other side being situated still further towards the base.

Fig. II. Nesogryllus stridulans; 11 a superior tegmen of the same enlarged.

Fig. 12. Leptogryllus nigromaculatus, S tegmina; 12a the same in the ? (lettering as in fig. 10
and 10 a).

Fig. 13. Z. similis $, mesothorax with very small tegmina, and metathorax.

Fig. 14. L. forficularis, posterior tibia in dorsal aspect; 14a and 14;^ outer and inner aspects of
apex of the same (the lettering as in fig. 8).

Fig. 15. L. simillimus, posterior tibia in dorsal aspect; 15a and \ib outer and inner aspects of
apex of tibia of a variety of the same, in which the apical spine of either series is very
remote from the calcaria (the lettering as in fig. 8).

FAUNA HAWAII t:HSIS

VOL 1! PLATE II

I5b

l.'i

£W:^sori,i.it,\ Camirtdt/e.

Perkins Orthoptera

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE III. (VOL. II.)

NEUROPTERA. CHRYSOPIDES.

Fig. I. Anoinalochrysa prmceps $.

Fig. 2. A. sylvicola $.

Fig. 3. A. angidicosta $.

Fig. 4. A. viridis $.

Fig. 5. A. lotigipeiuiis ?.

Fig. 6. A. dcceptor $.

Fig. 7. A. gayi $.

Fig. 8. A. rap/iidioides $ .

Fig. 9. A. biseriata $ .

Fig. 10. A. hepatica $.

Fig. II. A. proteus $.

Fig. 12. A. proteus $ .

Fig. 13. A. proteus 9 var.

Fig. 14. A. fulvesceus $.

Fig. 15. ^. fulvesceus $ var.

Fig. 16. ^. fulvesceus 9 var.

FAUNA HAWAIiRN.-:;;

VOL. 11. PLATE III.

cmbridge

Perkins. Neuroptert

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV. (VOL. II.)

NEUROPTERA. HEMEROBIIDES and CHRYSOPIDES.

Fig-
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig-
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig-
in dorsal

Fig-
Fig.
Fig-
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Megalomus hospes.
M. Iiospcs vai'.
Nesomicromus vagus.
N. latipennis.
N. angiistipennis.
N. drepanoides.
N. paradoxus.
N. bellulus.
JSI. brunnescens.
N. subochraceics.
N. minimus.
Pseudopsectra lobipennis.
Nesotliauma haleakalae ;

4-
5-
6.

7-
8.

10.

12.

13-

aspect.

14. Nesomicromus forcipatus, $ terminal segments in dorsal aspect; 14(7, the same in lateral view.

15. N. loiigispinosus, $ terminal segments in dorsal aspect.

16. Megaknnus hospes, $ terminal segments in lateral view ; i6(7, the same seen from the ape.\.

17. Anomalochrysa hepatica, apical segments of abdomen of $ in lateral view.

18. A.frafer, apical segments of abdomen of $ in lateral view.

19. A. deceptor, apical segments of abdomen of $ in dorsal aspect; 19a, the same in lateral view.

20. A. princeps, apical segments of abdomen of $ in dorsal aspect; 20a, the same in lateral view.

13(7, the same in profile; 131^, terminal segment and appendices

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

VOL.n.PLATK.IV.

>amm

'-^

13a.

■*

13b

Perkins. Neuroptera

Hdwin W'jlscnjith. Cambridge .

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. (VOL. II.)

ODONATA.

Fig. I. Agrion xanthomelas $.

Fig. 2. A. jugorum $ .

Fig. 3. A. heterogamias $.

Fig. 4. Terminal segment and appendices of Agrion xanthomelas i in dorsal ; 4a, in
external lateral view.

Figs. 5 & 5^. The same parts in A. nigrohamafum.

Figs. 6 & i>a. The same in A. pacifiniin.

Figs. 7 & 7(7. The same in A. koelense.

Figs. 8 & 8«. The same in A. oresitroplmm.

Figs. 9 & 9(7. The same in ^. calliphya.

Figs. 10 & io(7. The same in A. nesiotes.

Figs. II & 11(7. The same in A. jugorum.

Figs. 12 & 12(7. The same in A. oahuense.

Figs. 13 & 13(7. The same in ^. vagabundum.

Figs. 14 & 14(7. The same in A. oceanicum.

Figs. 15 & 15(7. The same in A. blackburni.

FAUNA HAWAliEN^lS.

PLATE Y.

Perkins. Neuropter

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VI. (VOL. II.)

COLEOPTERA. CERAMBYCIDAE.

Fig. I. Clytarlus mediocris $.

Fig. I a. Terminal ventral segments of Clytarlus filipes $ .

Fig. I b. „ „ " mediocris c? .

Fig. 2. Clytarlus pennaius i.

Fig. 3- '. » ?•

Fig. 4. C. longipes $ .

Fig. 5. FlagitluiiysHS vitticollis $ .

Fig. 6. P. permundus.

Fig. 7. P- newelli ? .

Fig. 8. P. concolor 5 •

Fig. 9. P- ciineatus ? .

Fig. 10. P. funebris $.

Fig. II. P. diana.

Fig. 12. P. bishopi.

Fig. 13. /". collaris $.

Fig. 14. jP. bilineatus ?.

Fig. 15. /'. perkinsi ?.

Fig. 16. /*. danviniamis $.

Fig. 17. /". sulphurescens 6-

Fig. 18. Z'. albcrtisi i.

Fig. 19. /'. inunroi ? .

Fig. 20. P. arachnipes ? .

Fig. 21. P. cristatus $.

I'^AUNA HAWAlIfiNSIS.

Sharp. Cole opt era.

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

Fig-

II.

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

Fig-

17-

Fig.

18.

Fig.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII. (VOL. II.)

COLEOPTERA. CURCULIONIDAE.

Rhyncogonus nitidus.

R. squatniger.

R. stygius. (N.B. Although in the figure this species appears very like No. i, it is really

very different, being opaque, whereas R. nitidus has the surface shining.)
R. freycinetiae.
R. koebelei.
R. depressus.
R. vittatus.
R. vestitus.

Acalles lateralis $ (Kauai form).
A. callichroma.
A. melanolepis.
A. leptothorax.
A. duplex $.
A. duplex 9 .
A. nigripennis.
Dryophthorus nesiotes.

D. homorhynchus ; 1 7 (7, head and rostrum of 5 ; 171^, head and rostrum of $ .
D. declivis.
D. insignis.
D. verticalis.

FAUNA HAWAIIRNSIS,

VOL. [I. PLATE YII.

Perkins Coleoptera

K Wilson. !ith Camiirjugc

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VIII. (VOL. II.)

COLEOPTERA. CURCULIONIDAE.

Thalattodora insignis ; i a, antenna of the same.
Orothreptcs callithrix ; 2 a, antenna of the same.
Deinocossoiius nesioUs var. hawaiiensis ; 3 a, antenna of the same.
Haloxenus immigrant.
Nesolocus kauaiensis.
Dysomina sxlvicola.
Heteraviphiis filiami.
H. molokaiensis.
Figs. 9 & 10. H. cylindricus (large and small form).
H. kauaiensis.
Oodemas olindae 9 var.

O. longicorne $; 13(7, anterior tarsi of the same.
O. molokaiense ; 14 a, anterior tarsi of the same.
O. chrysodorHm $ ; 1 5;?, anterior tarsi of $ ; 15/', anterior tarsi of
O. graciliforme.
O. leiothorax.
O. pukhnim.
0. oblongum.
O. grande.
0. corticis.
O. pachysoma.
O. aencscens.
O. sculpiuratum.
O. mauietise.
O. striatum.
Anothcorus robust us.

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

9 &

10.

Fig.

II.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13-

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15-

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17-

Fig.

18.

Fig.

19.

Fig.

20.

Fig.

21.

Fig.

22.

Fig.

23-

Fig.

24.

Fig.

25-

Fig.

26.

Fig.

27-

FAUNA HAWAI.'BNSIS.

VOL. [I. PLATE VIII.

Perkins. Coleoptera.

Edwin Wi/sonjith. Cambridge .

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. (VOL. II.)

COLEOPTERA. PROTERHINIDAE.

Fig. I. Proterhinus gigas $.

Fig. 2. P. eugonias 5 .

Fig. 3. P. etilepis i.

Fig. 4. P. wiksiroe?niae i.

Fig. 5. P. laticornis $ .

Fig. 6. P. scrricornis, antenna $ .

Fig. 7. P. eurhopalus, antenna $ .

Fig. 8. p. kptophyas ?.

Fig. 9. P. maculifer $.

Fig. 10. P. kamptarthrus $.

Fig. II. P. deinops ?.

Fig. 12. P. platygonias $.

Fig. 13. P. leptothrix $.

Fig. 14. /". pachycnemis cJ.

Fig. 15. -P. laticoUis $ ; 15 «, front tarsi of the same.

Fig. 16. P. validus $.

Fig. 17. P. sharpi $.

Fig. 18. P. tubercuUceps $.

Fig. 1 9. Z'. sternalis $ ; ig a, front tarsi of the same.

Fig. 20. Z'. microtarsus $ ; 20 a, front tarsi of the same (drawn on same scale as 19^).

Fig. 21. P. arhopalus $.

Fig. 22. P. mirahilis $.

Fig. 23. P. alyxiae $.

Fig. 24. P. pteridis $.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS.

VOL. [[.PLATE IX.

Perkins. Coleoptera

i'Mi/mn, ilA. Camdndgr

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE X. (VOL. II.)
COLEOPTERA. PROTERHINIDAE, SCOLYTIDAE, CISTELIDAE, CIOIDAE.

Pig-

Proterhiinis detritus ? .

Fig.

P. epitrdiis ? .

Fig-

P. kaalac $.

Fig.

P. oahuensis $ .

Fig.

P. b/ackburiii var. bisignatus i.

Fig-

P. osculans ? .

Fig.

P. persimilis i .

Fig.

P. hawaiiensis ? .

Fig-

P. curhynchus $, front of head.

Fig.

10.

Xyklwrus molokaiensis '} .

Fig-

II.

X. immaturus $ ; 11 a, $ .

Fig.

12.

X. exsectus i.

Fig.

13-

X. vulcaniis $ .

Fig-

14.

Apterocis la7iaiensis.

Fig.

15-

A. 07-naiipennis.

Fig-

16.

A. sirigosus.

Fig.

17-

Cis haleakalae.

Fig.

18.

C. nigro-fasciatui.

Fig.

19.

C. insidaris.

Fig.

20.

C. signatus ; 20 a, zob, 20 c, ott

Fig.

21.

Labetis coinitans.

Fig.

22.

Cistela kauaiensis.

FAUNA HAWAIi:

Vi)i..Il,ri.ATK X.

SOa

SOh

^Oc

■erkins, Goleopiera.

^-v

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI. (VOL. II.)

MOLLUSCA.

Fig.

1 .
2.

Fig.

S-

Figs

6,7

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

10.

Fig.

II.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

•3-

Fig.

14.

Figs. IS

16.

Figs. 17

18.

Figs. 19

20.

Fig.

21.

Fig.

22.

Fig.

23-

Fig.

24.

Fig.

25-

Fig.

26.

Fig.

27.

Fig.

28.

Fig.

29.

Fig.

3°-

Fig.

31-

Fig.

32.

Fig.

33-

Fig.

34-

Fig.

35-

Fig.

36.

Figs. 37,

38.

Figs. 39,

40.

Figs. 41,

42.

Figs. 43.

44-

Figs. 45.

46.

Tornatellina compacta, sp. nov. (p. 380).

Achatinella {Fartulina) hayseldeni Baldwin (p. 313).

Amastra simularis Hartm., van roseoiincta Sykes (p. 344).

Amastra citrea Sykes (p. 335).

Perdicella fulgurans, sp. nov. (p. 329).

Achatinella cestus Newcomb (p. 300).

Leptachatitia impressa Sykes (p. 364).

Lcptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov. (p. 364).

Leptachafina emerita, sp. nov. (p. 361).

Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov. (p. 360).

Leptachatlna setnipida Sykes (p. 369).

Leptachatina konaensis, sp. nov. (p. 384).

Tornatellina perkinsi, sp. nov. (p. 382).

Achatinella {Partiili?ia) redfieldi Newcomb (p. 317).

Atiriculella perkinsi, sp. nov. (p. 377).

Achatinella {Achatittellastrum) wailuaensis, sp. nov. (p. 328).

Leptachatina arhorea, sp. nov. (p. 357).

Leptachatina sup7-acostata, sp. nov. (p. 370).

Amastra {Laminella) fraterfia Sykes (p. 349).

Amastra {Laminella) villosa Sykes (p. 352).

Siiccinea protracta, sp. nov. (p. 388).

Leptachatina conicoides, sp. nov. (p. 359).

Leptachatina vana, sp. nov. (p. 372).

Tornatellina cylindrica, sp. nov. (p. 381).

Leptachatina smithi Sykes (p. 369).

Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes (p. 367).

Tornatellina trochoides, sp. nov. (p. 383).

Siiccinea cinnamomea Ancey (p. 386).

Kaliella konaensis Sykes (p. 286).

Siiccinea konaensis Sykes (p. 387).

Amastra longa Sykes (p. 338).

Newcombia perkinsi Sykes (p. 332).

Endodonta {Nesophila) lanaiensis Sykes (p. 291).

Eiidodonta {Thaiimatodon) ringens Sykes (p. 288).

Philo)iesia perkinsi Sykes (p. 284).

Vitrea lanaiensis Sykes (p. 278).

Vitrea molokaiensis Sykes (p. 278).

FAUNA HAWAII EN SIS.

VOL 11. PLATE XI.

/.V

2i)

.?#

:U}

/.-i

J Green, del eihth-.

Mintern Bros, imp .

Sykes,Mollusca.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XII. (VOL. II.)

MOLLUSCA.

Fig. I.

Fig.

2 a.

Fig.

3(7.

Fig.

5 a.

Fig.

S'''-

Fig.

5^-

Philonesia baldwini Ancey (p. 281).

Mantle margin, with shell and dorsal lobes, a, denotes white spots on integument covering

the branchial cavity.
Extremity of foot from left side.
Portion of foot showing sole.
Genitalia, not quite complete.

Male organs enlarged, to show the retractor muscle and coiled vas deferens.
Jaw.

Centre and two side teeth of radula.
Median teeth, 7th — nth.
Lateral teeth, 19th — 22nd.
Eleven of the outermost, or marginal, teeth.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig-
Fig.
Fig.

GODWINIA CAPERATA Gould (p. 277).

6. Animal with shell removed, showing dorsal lobes.

7. Portion of mantle zone, near respiratory orifice.

8. Extremity of foot.

g. Buccal mass, and salivary gland, &c.

10. Sole of foot.

11. Jaw.

12. Central tooth of radula.

1 2 a. Fifth intermediate, and following lateral teeth.

\2b. Outermost, or marginal, teeth.

Fig. 13. Leptachatina acuminata Gould. Central teeth of radula (p. 357)
Fig. 13(7. Intermediate and marginal teeth.
Figs. 14, 14 «. Ancyliis sharpi, sp. nov. (p. 394).

EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERING.

Al. Gd. albumen gland.

B. 711. muscle of buccal mass.

Geti. ap. generative aperture.

h. d. hermaphrodite duct.

/. intestine.

/. d. I. left dorsal lobe.

/. s. I. left shell lobe.

P. male organ.

pr.

prostate.

r. d I.

right dorsal lobe.

r. m. P.

retractor muscle of penis

r. s. I.

right shell lobe.

Sal. gld.

salivary gland.

St.

stomach.

V. d.

vas deferens.

The numerical digits in smaller type indicate the tooth figured, reckoning from o, the central tooth.
All figures (except 14, \\a) are from dissections and drawings made by Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.

FAUNA HAV/AII5NSiS.

'OL.;; PLATE All

V^^fy^/J^jy 4

e .?

\JI

'//

/^<'X4

Sykes.MoUusca.

'^.

i' ^m

ai.gid.:

J''

MniemBrcs .r/ir

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIII. (VOL. II.)
ENTOZOA.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Brain.

71. s.

Central nerve ganglion.

c. m.

Circular muscles.

11.

The amoeboid nuclei of the skin and the

Cuticle.

lemnisci.

d. e. c.

Dorsal excretory canal.

Ovary.

Ectoderm.

P-

Nucleus of parenchymatous cell.

e. m.

Masses of ova.

p.c.

Parenchyma cell.

f.c.

? Flame-cell.

p.e.

Knob-like ends of ectoderm cells under

g.d.

Genital duct.

cuticle.

g-P-

The external opening of the duct.

r. s.

Receptaculum seminis.

I. <t la.

The lacunae in the skin.

Rostellum.

The lemnisci.

Coagulated masses of spermatozoa in the

li.

The ligament.

body-cavity of the female.

I. I.

The large lateral lacunae of the trunk.

Testis.

I. m.

Longitudinal muscles.

Uterus.

I. H.

Lateral nerve.

V. e. c.

Ventral excretory canal.

The muscles from which the ligament arises.

V. s.

Vesicula seminalis.

n. c.

Nerve cell.

Fie. I.

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7-

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

A view of Drepanidotaenia hemignathi, x 15. The dark patches in the anterior two-thirds of

the body are caused by the generative organs ; in the posterior third they represent the eggs

in the uterus.
An isolated hook from the rostellum, x 500.
A longitudinal section through the head, x 100. The rostellum, r., is retracted. The point

of fusion of the two lateral nerves is shewn at n. s. The section passes between the

suckers.
A transverse section through a mature proglottis, x 70.
A longitudinal section, somewhat oblique, showing the regular arrangement of the longitudinal

muscles, x 50.
A longitudinal section through several mature proglottides, x 50. This shows the transverse

connection between the two ventral longitudinal excretory canals and the transverse lines

formed by the concentration of the parenchyma at the posterior end of each proglottis.
A view of the head in an expanded, flattened-out state, x 60.
A view of another head in a contracted, bunched-up condition, x 40.
A transverse section through the head, showing the ten hooks on the rostellum and the

four suckers.
A portion of a proglottis, highly magnified to show the minute anatomy, x 450.

r^AUNA HAV/AIIENSIS,

VOL. n. PLATE. X!il.

..fiO.

S Irn.

SMpley. Entozoa.

'^mbridge-

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIV. (VOL. II.)

ENTOZOA.

For explanation of letters see description of Plate XIII.

Figs. II, 12, and 13. Three views of three different specimens of ArhyncJius hemigiiafki. Each x 20.

The division of the body into three regions is well marked. The details are shown in Fig. 1 1.

Figs. 12 and 13 are rough sketches.
Fig. 14. A transverse section through the head of a female, crowded with ova and egg-masses; the

ligament is shown in section, x 40.
Fig. 15. A transverse section through the same, just below the edge of the collar. In the centre is the

neck, which fuses with the collar a few sections further back. The big circular canal of the

collar is shown at /., x 40.
Fig. 16. A transverse section through the trunk of the same. The uppermost lemniscus is cut in two

places. The ovary is double, and shows egg-masses as well as eggs ; some coagulated

masses of spermatozoa are lying in the body-cavity, x 40.
A surface view of the external opening of the genital duct, x 40.
Some developing ova, highly magnified.
A transverse section through the trunk near the genital pore, taken from the same series as

Figs. 14, 15, and 16. It shows part of the funnel-shaped internal opening of the genital

duct, g. d., X 40.
Fig. 20. A transverse section from another specimen taken behind the opening of the genital duct.

This shows the arrangement of the lacunae and their communications with the lateral

lacunae, /. /.
Fig. 21. A longitudinal section through the central part of the skin of the head, showing the origin of

the ligament and the ganglion cells of the brain, lying in a mass of ova and egg-masses.
Fig. 22. A small portion of the skin in section, showing the single layer of circular muscle-fibres, x 40.
Fig. 23. A median longitudinal section through a female. The whole body-cavity full of ova and

egg-masses. The ligament is seen in the head, and the genital duct near its opening in the

trunk. The left lemniscus, cut twice, is alone seen, x 30.
Fig. 24. A transverse section through the trunk of a male, showing one of the testes. This section

shows also the longitudinal muscles on the lemnisci and the large lateral lacunae. Inf. lac,

X 40.
Fig. 25. A transverse section through the head of a male, showing the brain in the ligament, and the

longitudinal muscle-fibres very well developed, x 40.

Fig.

17-

Fig-

18.

Fig.

19-

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS.

VUL. 11. PL ATE XIV.

Shipley. Entozoa.

£c/><m Wilscn.Jith. Cambridge.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XV. (VOL. II.)

ARANEAE.

Fig. I. Ariad/ia perkinsi "K. Sim. $ ; la, maris pes-maxillaris ; i/^, ejusdem pes primi paris.

Fig. 2. Ariamnes corniger E. Sim. $ .

Fig. 3. Theridion cainpestratHin E. Sim. ? .

Fig. 4. T. praetiwtum E. Sim. ; 4«, $ pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 5. T. haleakalense E. Sim. ; 5^, i pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 6. T. perkinsi E. Sim. ? ; 6(7, $ pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 7. T. kauaicnse E. Sim. 5 •

Fig. 8. T. grallator E. Sim. $ (puUus) ; 8(7, (J pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 9. T. actttitarse E. Sim. 9 ; 9^7, c? pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 10. T. me/ill II 111 E. Sim. ? , loa, c? pes-maxillaris.

Fig. II. T. maiiiense E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris.

Fig. 12. T. posticatiim E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

VOL, II. PL ATP: XV.

Edwin Wilson.hth. Cambridge

E. Simon, Araneae.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVI. (VOL. II.)

ARANEAE.

Fig. I. Labulla torosa E. Sim. $; la, pes-maxillaris ; i/>, ejusdem tarsus pronus ; ic, chele maris
supina; id, chele feminae supina.

Fig. 2. Z. graphica E. Sim. $; 2a, pes-maxillaris; 2/', ejusdem tarsus pronus; 2c, epigynum feminae;
2d, chele feminae supina ; 2e, chele maris supina.

Fig. 3. Cyclosa xanthomelas E. Sim. ? .

C. simp/icicauda E. Sim. 5 •

C. oloriiia E. Sim. ? .

Aranetis emmae E. Sim. 9 ; 6^, epigynum feminae ; db, ejusdem plagula inferior.

A. kapiolaniae E. Sim. ? ; "ja, epigynum feminae.

Doryonychus raptor E. Sim. $.

Lycosclla spiiupes E. Sim. 9 •

L. annulata E. Sim. 5 .

Ulesanis oahiiensis E. Sim. $ ; cephalothorax abdomenque a latere exhibita.

•- '5-

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

10.

Fig.

1 1.

/^AUNA HAWAlIBNSiS,

VOL. II, PL ATE XYI.

E Simo/i. Araneae.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVII. (VOL. II.)

ARANEAE.

Fig. I. Misumena nigrofrenata E. Sim. 9.

Fig. 2. Syiiaema iiaevigertim Y,. Sim. ¥; 2a, pes-maxillaris maris.

Fig. 3. 6'. dimidiatipes E. Sim. $ .

Fig. 4. Mecaphesa semispinosa E. Sim. ? ; 4a, plagula genitalis.

Fig. 5. Proernus velox Yj. 'i>VLi\. $; 5^7, processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris.

Fig. 6. P. schaitinslandi E. Sim. $ ; 6(7, oculi proni ; 6/;, chela supina ; dc, pes-maxillaris maris ;
(id, ejusdem processus tibialis a latere exhibitus.

Fig. 7. Pagiopaliis atotnarius Y,. 'awsx. i; 7a, pes-maxillaris maris ; 7/^, ejusdem processus tibialis.

Fig. 8. P. persoiiatus E. Sim. ? .

Fig. 9. Adrastidia longula E. Sim. $ .

Fig. 10. A. stigmaiica E. Sim. $.

Fig. II. Misumena anguliventris E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris; \\a, feminae plagula genitalis.

Fig. 12. M. ve/ata E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris; 12a, feminae plagula genitalis.

Fig. 13. Z'/ire'a /«W««a Keyserl., processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris ; 13(7, id. varietas.

Fig. 14. D. vitellina E. Sim., processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris.

Fig. 15. Pagiopalus semipunctatiis E. Sim., pes-maxillaris maris; 153, ejusdem processus tibialis.

FAUNA HAWAI1EN31S

vol.[[.platf/>:yii.

E.Simon. Araneae.

Sdwin V/'ilsonJsth. Cambridge ■

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVIII. (VOL. II.)
ARANEAE.

Syroloma major E. Sim. $ ; irt, ungues tarsorum ; \b, plagula genitalis.

S. tninor E. Sim. $ .

Lycosa likelikeae E. Sim. $ ; 3(7, plagula genitalis.

L. kalukanai E. Sim., plagula genitalis.

Lycosella spinipes E. Sim., plagula genitalis.

Sandalodes validiis E. Sim. $.

S. pubens E. Sim. $ ; 7a, pes-maxillaris maris.

6'. albociliatus E. Sim. $ .

6'. navatus E. Sim. $ .

S. vereciindiis E. Sim. ? .

S. cruciatus E. Sim. $.

S. senicuhis E. Sim. $ .

S. canosus E. Sim. 9 ■
Fig. 14. Cnephalocotes simplkiceps E. Sim., pes-maxillaris maris.
Fig. 15. Alicnmeta i/isiila/ia E. Sim., chele maris prona ; 15a, pes-maxillaris.

Fig.

Fig-

Fig.

10.

Fig.

II.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13-

FAUNA HAV/AIIEKSIS.

VOL.11, PLATE. XYlll

Edwin I'/'

E Simon. Araneae

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIX. (VOL. II.)

ARANEAE.

Fig. I. Doryonychus raptor E. Sim.; \a, chele maris prona ; i/', id. supina ; ic, processus tarsalis
maris; \d, chele feminae prona; ic, id. supina; \f, ungues tarsorum i' paris intus ;
i^, id. extus.

Fig. 2. Tetragiiatlia uncifcra E. Sim.; 2(7, chele maris prona; 2b, id. varietas ; 2C, id. supina; 2d, chele
feminae prona ; 2f, id. supina.

Fig. 3. T. ameiventris E. Sim. ; 3^, chele maris prona ; 2)^, id. supina ; 3<r, abdomen a latere
exhibitum.

Fig. 4. T. hawaieiisis E. Sim. ; 4^, chele feminae prona ; 4/', id. supina.

Fig. 5. T. perkinsi E. Sim. ; 5rt, chele maris prona; 5/^, id. supina; 5c, chele feminae prona ; 5;/, id.
supina.

Fig. 6. T. netrix E. Sim. ; 6(7, chele maris prona ; 6/', id. supina ; 6c, chele feminae prona ; dd, id.
supina ; 6c, processus tarsalis maris.

Fig. 7. T. maiidihulata Walck. ; 7(7, chele maris prona ; 7^, id. supina ; 7c, chele feminae prona ;
id, maris processus tarsalis.

F'ig. 8. T. sobrina E. Sim. ; 8(?, chele maris prona ; 8/', id. supina ; 8c, processus tarsalis maris.

Fig. 9. T. kaiiaiensis E. Sim.; 9(?, chele maris supina; 91^, id. supina; 9c, chele feminae prona;
()d, id. supina.

Fig. 10. T. restricta E. Sim.; \oa, chele maris prona; loi^, id. supina; loc, chele feminae prona;
\od, id. supina.

FAUNA HAWAHRNSIS,

VO;..n.PLATRXlX.

Edwin IV/7son,Jir/i. Cambridge .

E. Simon ^ Araneae.
(Tetragnatha,.)

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XX. (VOL. II.)
CRUSTACEA. ISO POD A.

Figs, la & li. Annadillo hawaiiensis Xixc\-3.; kt, clypeus $; i/', clypeus ?.

Figs. 2a — 2h. A. albospinosus, sp. nov. ; 2a, cephalon et premier segment pereial (c?); 2b, cephalon
(vii en dessous) {$); 2c, extremite de I'antenne ; 2d, partie laterale (coxale) des deux premiers
segments pereiaux (vue en dessous) ; 2t', cinquieme segment pleonal, pleotelson et uropodes
( c? ) ; 2/j premier pleopode {i); 2g, uropodes et pleotelson (vus en dessous) {$); 2//, cephalon
et premier segment pereial ( ? ).

Figs. 3rt — 3/ A. perki)isi, sp. nov. $; T,a, cephalon et premier segment pereial ; T,b, cephalon (vu en
dessous); y, extremite de I'antenne; 31/, partie late'rale (coxale) des deux premiers segments
pereiaux (vue en dessous) ; y, cinquieme segment pleonal, pleotelson et uropodes ; 3/, premier
pleopode.

Figs. A,a — 4^'-. A. danae, sp. nov. $ ; 4a, cephalon et premier segment pleonal ; 4/', cephalon (vu en
dessous) ; ^c, extremite de I'antenne ; 4^, partie laterale (coxale) des deux premiers segments
pereiaux (vue en dessous) ; 41', cinquieme segment pleonal, pleotelson et uropodes ; 4/, premier
pleopode ; 4^, uropode et pleotelson.

Figs. 5(7 & c^b. A. sharpi, sp. nov. 5 ; S'^ cephalon et preinier segment pereial ; 5/', cinquieme segment
pleonal, pleotelson et uropodes.

Figs. 6(? — 6/. Geoligia perkinsi, sp. nov. $ ; da, cephalon et deux premiers segments pereiaux ;
6/', cephalon (vu en dessous) ; 6c, antenne ; dd, pleotelson et uropode ; de, levre inferieure
6//', mandibules ; 6^'-, premiere maxille ; dh, deuxieme maxille ; 6/, maxillipede.

FAUNA HAWAHENSIS

VOL II. PLATE XX.

Edmn Wilsonjith. Cambridge .

A-Dollfus. Crustacea, Isopoda.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXI. (VOL. II.)
CRUSTACEA. AMPHIPODA.

Orchcstia plataisis Kroyer.

At the top ; lateral view of head and gn athopods, with lateral view of pleon immediately below.
a. s. First antenna.

gn. 1, 2. First and second gnathopods of the male, with portions more highly magnified.
j/r/>. I, 3, First and third uropods.

mx/>. Maxillipeds, with palp of one side detached. These are from a second (male) specimen.
gn. I ? , gn. 2 ? . First and second gnathopods of a female specimen, with terminal part of gn. i more
highly magnified.

Orchcstia pickeringh Dana.
O. P. gn. 2. Second gnathopod of male.

Paroichestia /imcaiensis Dana, $.

At the top ; lateral view of head and gnathopods.
/. s. Upper lip.
nixp. Maxillipeds.

gn. I, 2. First and second gnathopods, with portions more highly magnified.
tcrp. I, 2, 3. First, second, and third uropods, third also more highly magnified.

T. Telson, to the same scale as the uropods, and also more highly magnified, to the same scale as
upper lip and maxillipeds.

FAUNA HAWAIIBNSIS

-/OL. 11. PLATE XXI.

T R R,S Del

2d:vjn I;}'- - '■■'- ^'a.inbridge

Slebbmg. Crust ac e a , Amphipoda.

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, •" Guinea, Loya
Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, i >, and 1897,
Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Bait Student of t
University of Cambridge. Demy 410. Parts I, II, and III. -.e 12s. 6d. eai

Parts IV and V. Price 21s. each. Part VI (completing the work) Price 12s. 6d.

PART I. 1898.

1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By Arthur A^illey, M.A., D.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.

2. Metaprotella saiidaknsis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr Paul Mayer. With 6 figures in the te;

3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.

4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI.

5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S

With Plates VII.— IX.

6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X. and XI.

PART II. 1899.

7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M... D.Sc, F.R

With Plates XII.— XVI.

8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, \

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.

9. Holothurians. By F. P. Bedford, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII.

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIi.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. With figures on Plates X. and '

12. On the postembryonic development of Cydoseris. By J. Stanley Gardiner, M..

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Pla.. XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III. 1899.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., P S.

With Plates XXIV.— XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. .y Arti

Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and seven text-figures

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, wit' an attei

to revise the grouji and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. Shipll ', M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. 1900.

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsmnmia from Lifu. By J. jTAN:

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plat.-.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. Borradaile, M.A., Lecturer of Seh

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two ates

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By Laura Roscoe Thornely, University College, Liverpoo

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera willeyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LlSTl , M

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Pi ofes

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens ColU

Manchester. With two plates.

PART V. 1900.

28. A Description of the Entozoa collected by Dr Willey during his sojourn in the West

Pacific. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plates LIV.— LVI.

29. On some South Pacific Nemertines collected by Dr Willey. By R. C. PUNNETT.

With Plates LVII.— LXI.

30. On the Young of the Robber Crab. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A. With figures in the text.

31. Anatomy of Neohelia porcellana (Moseley). By Edith M. Pratt, M.Sc.

With Plates LXI I. and LXI 1 1.

32. On a new Blind Snake from Lifu, Loyalty Islands. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

With figures in the text.

33. On Crustacea brought by Dr Willey from the South Seas. By the Rev. T. R. R. StebbinG, F.F

With Plates LXIV.— LXXIV.

PART VI. 1902.

34. Contribution to the Natural History of the Pearly Nautilus. By Arthur Willey, D.Sc, F.E

I. Personal Narrative. II. Special Contribution.
With Plates LXXV.— LXXXIII., a map and fifteen text-figures.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
''^^OA 7@ aonbon: FETTER LANE, E.G.

C. F. CLAY, Manager

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 'IDflfi DD^^5DSfl 3

nhent qQL345 H3F2
V 2 Fauna hawaiiensis,

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