Federal-grant research at the state agricultural experiment stations : projects on entomology and economic zoology

Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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ARS-23-8-7-d
* SFP 10 1959

U. S. DEPART
€

“ FEDERAL-GRANT RESEARCH
’ at the

STATE AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATIONS

Projects on

ENTOMOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY
Part 7, Section d

Agricultural Research Service
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

ee

Compiled January 1958 by

the State Experiment Stations Division, Agri-
cultural Research Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C., for use of
workers in agricultural research in the subject-
matter areas presented. For information on

specific research projects write to the Director

of the Station where the research is being conducted.

Issued June 1958

ii

2 es,

<—

FEDERAL-GRANT RESEARCH
at the

STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS

Projects on

ENTOMOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY

Section d: Insecticides
Contents
Page

alte INSECTICIDES e e es S e e e e e e eo e e e e e e e e e e al
A. General e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 1
B. Adjuvants and Formulations eee@eee#8 eee 6 e 2
C. Deposits and Residues .. .« eeeeee ee &© © 3

D. Physiological Effects on Binns Vertebrate
Animal Sand InSectS .s 6 s «4.6 6s 6 6 6.6 0 .« 12

II. REGIONAL RESEARCH, INCLUDING STATES WITH REGIONAL
PROJECTS e e ® e e e. 6° ® e e e eee e# e e e oe e 19

III. LIST OF SUBJECT-MATTER AREA COMPILATIONS ... Attachment

nib (a

INTRODUCTION

This compilation is one of a series providing information on
State agricultural experiment station research supported by Federal-
grant funds appropriated annually by Congress under authorization of
the Hatch Act of 1887, as amended and approved Aug. 11, 1955, and
Section 204(b) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. It is
prepared for use by research workers in the subject-matter areas
presented. Only that part of each State's research program supported
by Federal-grant moneys is included.

In addition to the Federal-grant moneys, the State experiment
stations receive some Federal support through cooperative agreements
or contracts with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Information
on such research, along with other departmental research, is avail-
able in the Central Project Office, Agricultural Research Service.

A substantial part of each State agricultural experiment station's
research is supported with moneys appropriated by the respective State
or Territorial Legislatures and through other forms of private and
public financing. Information on current agricultural research at the
stations which is not financed under the Federal-grant program or
through USDA cooperation can be obtained from experiment station
directors.

The information given in the series of Federal-grant compilations
includes the title and objectives of each Federal-grant project per-
taining to the subject given on the cover. The identification of each
project gives the department(s) conducting the research, the station
number of the project, and the number of the regional project if it is
a contributing project.

Relevant regional projects, if any, appear at the end of the com-
pilation. States having projects contributing to regional projects are
indicated. The Roman numeral (and capital letter) refer to the location
in the summary of the contributing project title and objectives. The
States are grouped into four major regions. These are designated NC-
North Central, NE-Northeastern, S-Southern, and W-Western. The capital
letter "M" following the letters for the region indicates regional
marketing projects.

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I. INSECTICIDES

A. General
Ala. Toxicology of Insecticides. Learn in laboratory and

greenhouse the susceptibility or resistance of economic insect
pests to insecticides. (2) Study factors involved in natural
and acquired resistance of insects to insecticides. (3) Learn
accumulation and persistence of insecticides in soil as a result
of insect control measures and the effects of insecticides on
crops. (4) Learn phytoxicity of insecticides to agricultural
crops. (5) Relationships between method and time of applying
various insecticides to crop plants and insecticidal residues
present at harvest.

Zool-Ent. 112

Ga. Toxicity of Insecticides to Various Insects Under Controlled
Conditions with Emphasis on Field Crops Insects. (1) Establish
median lethal dosages of various insecticides to the species and
strains of insect pests of economic importance. (2) Learn if any
of these insects have developed resistance; (3) if so, work out
other control programs.

Ent. 216

Minn. So tins Studies on Insect Cuticle, Muscle, and Other
Systems. To (1) complete studies underway on cuticle structure
and penetration, (2) amass data on temperature coefficients to
evaluate significance of temperature effects on overall processes
such as respiration, (3) initiate studies on physiology of repro-
duction, and (4) study nature of so-called intracellular symbionts
of insects.

Ent. 1708 Coop. HEW-Natl. Inst. Health, USDA

N. H. Factors Affecting the Action of Acaricides. To determine
(1) relation of chemical structure and Savareyr properties of

material to potency of miticide; and (2) what factors may influ-
ence action of acaricides, more particularly such factors as
climatic, physiological age, and development of resistance to
Ovotran, Neotran, organic phosphates and other acaricides.

Ent. 43
N. Ae Testing New Organic Pesticides Under New Hampshire Condi-

tions. Test promising new insecticides and acaricides under
State conditions to learn their effectiveness in control of
insects and mites affecting orchard and small fruits, vegetables,
and man and domestic animals.

Ent. 122

Oreg.

Pae

Tenn.

Hawaii

Mich.

Ne Ye
(Cornell )

=

Chemical Aspects of Insecticides and Fungicides. To (1)
develop methods for analysis of agricultural products for insecti-
cide and fungicide residues and learn amounts of residues; (2)
develop better techniques for applying insecticides and fungicides;
(3) study biochemical effects of insecticides and fungicides on
plant and animal tissues; and (4) improve formulation methods for
pesticides.

Agr. Chem. 85

Development of New Chemicals for Use as Insecticides, Fungi-

cides, Bactericides and Herbicides. To synthesize and investigate
chemical and biological properties of chemical compounds of poten-
tial usefulness in pest control materials.

Ent., Zool., Biochem. 999 Coop. Eastern Regional Laboratory

Evaluation of New Insecticides. To learn (1) effectiveness
and economy of new insecticides for various crops under state
conditions; (2) magnitude of insecticide residues on plants; (3)
effect of insecticides on flavor and aroma of plant products.

Ent. 100

B. Adjuvants and Formulations

Insecticidal Formulations and Their Effects on Insects and
Plants. To (1) determine effect of physical state of insecti-
cidal formulations on their toxicity to insects; (2) determine
tolerance of various subtropical crops to different chemical
sprays and dusts; (3) improve or develop effective control of
insect pests under Hawaiian conditions through use of proper
insecticide formulations.

Ent. 964

Fundamental and Applied Colloid-Chemical Aspects of Agri-
cultural Chemistry. To CT) improve or devise new wax emulsions
for treating nursery stock and plant materials so as to reduce
their cost of production and increase usefulness in horticultural
and other practices, and (2) develop new or improved formulations
and methods for the production of colloidal iodine.

Chem. 1

The Influence of Climatic Factors and the Chemical and
Physical Properties of Diluents and Carriers on the Effective-
ness of Insecticide Dusts and Wettable Powder. To measure
physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of diluents
and carriers and to correlate these properties with the behavior
of insecticide formulations during application and use as residual
deposits under known climatic conditions.

Ent. 95

Ala.

Ariz.

Ariz.

Ark.

Calif.

-3-
C. Deposits and Residues

Effect of Insecticidal Residues on the Marketability of
Farm Products. (1) Learn amounts of insecticidal residues on
harvested farm products. (2) Develop procedures for removal of
residues from certain products, especially when products contain
residues in excess of those permitted by Miller Amendment.

Zool. & Ent. 577

Insecticide Residues: Their Nature and Persistence on
Arizona Crops. (1) Learn nature and persistence of residues of
insecticides commonly used for crop protection under weather
conditions which prevail in state in such a manner that half-life
and dissipation curves can be determined. (2) Assemble information
on persistence and degradation of insecticide residues in state
sufficient to insure that all official recommendations for chemical
control of insects on agricultural crops will be made in compliance
with the Miller Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act. (3) Evaluate promising new insecticides in relation to possible
residue problems under state conditions. (4) Make related studies
of a more basic nature.

Ent. 416 (W-45) Coop. ARS

Post—Harvest Degradation of Insecticide Residues on Various
Arizona Crops. (1) Learn nature and persistence of residues of
insecticides used for crop protection under conditions occurr
after harvest period; learn if any variation in normal harvest ~
procedure can accelerate a decrease in residual amount of insecti-
cides. (2) Assemble information on post-harvest insecticide residue
persistence curves to predict conditions under which over-tolerances
of insecticide residues on crops at harvest may be reduced to accept-
able levels before time of consumption.

Ent. ES 480

Determination of Effect of Insecticides on Plants and Soils,
Including Bio-Assay of Residues. To determine bio-assay methods
of determining insecticide residues on crops and in soil to evalu-
ate effects of insecticides, solvents, diluents, and formulations
on plant growth, harvest residues and after effects in the soil.

Ent. 370 (S-22)

Deposit of Insecticides and Analysis of Residues. Pursue:
(1) use of known analytical methods with samples from experimental

plots of field entomologists, (2) development or adaptation of
methods for new pesticides, (3) study of degradation and (or)
metabolic products to ascertain what substance(s) is most impor-
tant in a residue.

Ent. and Parasitol. 902-A,B

Calif.

Colo.

Conn.

Conn.

Fla.

en
A_ Regional Coordination Center for the Collection, Tabula-

tion, and Distribution of Unpublished Research Data on Residual
Pesticide Chemicals. (1) Collect data on residues of pesticides
on file in some western experiment stations, with information on
methods of sampling, subsampling, extraction, purification and
analysis used in the various stations. (2) Similarly, collect new
data on pesticide residues and on procedures used in collection.
(3) Collect other pertinent data on pesticide residues and methods
for obtaining, when such information from western sources is
scanty. (4) Establish uniform method for reporting and tabulating
data on pesticide residues. (5) Distribute tabulated data to
western experiment stations, and other proper authorities. (6)
Promote exchange of information on residue problem from and to
coordination center, etc.

Int. and Parasitol. 1719 (W-45) Coop. ARS

Persistence of Pesticide Residues Under Mountain Climatic
Conditions. Learn (1) toxic residues resulting from recommended
spray programs on alfalfa, apples, pears, tomatoes, potatoes and
green beans; (2) dissipation of chemical residues fcr the various
insecticides used under field conditions. (3) Develop phases con-
cerned with toxic residues for projects now in force, evaluate
insecticides on principal orchard, potato, tomato and bean pests.

Ent. 237 (W-45)

A Study of the Effectiveness of Insecticides To Control Forage
Insect Pests, and cf the Residues Rema on Alfalfa Followin

Their Use. (1) Evaluate the effectiveness cf some new insecticides
in controlling forage insects. (2) Learn timing and rates of appli-
cation for effective control. (3) Learn residues remaining on alfalfa
at harvest following foliar application of insecticides. (4) Estab-
lish curves for disappearance of residues by analyzing samples taken
at intermediate stages between application and harvest.

Ent. 312 (NE-36)

Relation Between Conductivity of Apples and Flavor. Compare
conductivity at harvest of apples treated with different pesticides
and flavor evaluation of the fruit by taste panels.

Ent. 316 (NE-15)

Analytical and Sampling Procedures for Determining Parathion,
DDT and Other Organic Insecticide Residues cn Vegetables. To (1)

make lab evaluation, modification and adaptation of current chemical
procedures involved in the determination of parathion, DDT and other
related organic insecticides on specific vegetable crops; and (2)
develop valid and practical field sampling procedures.

Home Eccn., Hort. 690 (S-22)

Fla.

Ill.

Ili.

Ill.

Iowa

= 6 =

Effect of Climatic Factors con Insecticide Residues on
Vegetable Crops. Learn extent to which climatic factors as sun,
rain and wind affect insecticidal residues on certain vegetables.

Ent., Hort. 746

Determination of Amounts and Effects of Insecticide Residues
on Plants and Soils. (1) Learn insecticide residues on certain
important Georgia crops following the use of various insecticides
at different rates, formulations and methods of applications. (2)
Evaluate effects of insecticide residues on plant growth, plant
products and soil.

Fnt. 70 (S-22) Coop. ARS

Fundamentals, Equipment, and Techniques in Application of
Agricultural Chemicals. Develop (1) information needed for design
of inexpensive equipment to apply fertilizer solutions, us gravity
flow and top venting, with variability of rate less # 5%; (2) infor-
mation needed for design of gravity fed nozzles suitable for broad-
cast application of fertilizer solutions; (3) adaptations of above
ecuipment to existing machines (plows, planters, cultivators, etc.).
Learn (4) feasibility of and factors affecting direct injection of
anhydrous ammonia; (5) information needed for design of equipment
to brand spray Randox, (6) Establish design characteristics of equip-
ment suitable for application and incorporation of soil insecticides
and herbicides. (7) Learn design characteristics of satisfactory
equipment for application of granular DDT.

Agr. Engin. 10-336

Fundamental Problems Associated with the Use of Pesticidal
Chemicals in Soils. To determine (1) rate at which insecticidal
chemicals accumulate in soils under normal usage; (2) plant and
animal tolerance for varying degrees of soil contamination; and
(3) rate of insecticide loss from soils cf varied types and under
varied climatic conditions.

Fnt. 12-311 (NC-19) Coop. ARS

The Magnitude, Character, and Persistence of Insecticide

Residues on or in Food, Feed, and Forage Crops. Isolate, define,
and evaluate important factors that influence or determine the

magnitude and/or persistence of insecticide residues on or in
plants and animals.
Ent. 12-312 (NC-33) Coop. ARS

The Effects of Pesticide Residues _on Feed and Forage Fed

to Livestock. Provide information on fate of forage residues
of selected organic phosphorus pesticides in livestock and edible
products derived therefrom.

Zool., Ent. 1336 (NC-33)

a ee

Kans. Accumulation and Effect of Pesticidal Residues in Soils Follow—
ing Pest Control Practices. To determine (1) rate of insecticidal
accumulation and disintegration in soils of various types and at various
locations under varying climatic conditions following application of
insecticides at normal application rates and at abnormal rates; and (2)
effect of pesticidal accumulation in soils upon soil microorganisms and
on agricultural crops ordinarily grown in representative localities.

Ent. 393 (NC-19)

Kans. Factors Influencing the Magnitude, Character and Persistence of
Organic Phosphorus Insecticide Residues on or in Food and Forage Crops.

Isolate, define, and evaluate the factors influencing the magnitude
and/or persistence of organic phosphorus insecticide residues on or in
plants and animals.

Ent. 481 (NC-33)

Maine The Effect of Pesticides on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. To

(1) evaluate some sensory techniques commonly used to learn quality of
fruits and vegetables; and (2) learn effect of some pesticides on quality
of selected fruits and vegetables.

Ent., Hort., Pl. Path. 28 (NE~15)

Md. Factors Influencing Spray Deposits on Some Vegetable Crops. Learn
effects of formulation and method of application of insecticidal sprays

on amount of insecticide residues deposited and duration of deposits
on snap beans, broccoli, and leafy vegetables.
Ent., Hort., Agr. Engin. H-67 (NE-36) Coop. ARS

Mass. Pesticide Residues on or in Agricultural Products. Make determi-
nation of (1) pesticide residues on forage crops at intervals following
application and at harvest; (2) pesticides in products from livestock
fed treated forage; (3) accumlated residues resulting from repeated
applications of same or related pesticides on fruits and vegetables.

Ent. 58 (NE-36)

Mich. A _ Determination of the Possibility of Controlling Certain Economic
Insects by the Application of Chemicals Upon or Near the Soil Surface.

To devise methods of more certain and cheaper controls for some of the
insects of fruit, forest nursery and nursery crops in general by deter-
mination of effect of various insecticides on or near the ground surface
on insects spending a part of their life cycle upon or in the soil.

Ent. 28
Mich. The "Secondary" Effects From Soil Application of Pesticides. To

(1) cooperate with work on Regional Project NC-19, led by Wisconsin
Station; (2) accumulate information on hazards associated with use of
pesticides under Michigan conditions, particularly those on soil.
More information is needed on residues—-magnitude, persistence, effect
on plant growth, off-taste in product, and effect on other biotic
factors.

Ent. 451 (NC-19)

Miss.

Mo.

N. J.

N. Je

N. Je

a9

A Study of Insecticides, With Special Reference to Factors
Governing Effectiveness Such as Physical Characteristics, Weather

and Distribution Over Plants. Dusts Learn effect of: particle
size of insecticides and acaricides on rate of kill, control and
period of effectiveness; particle size of diluent in relation to
insecticide or acaricide (or carrier) on rate of kill, control and
period of effectiveness; coverage of plants with insecticide or
acaricide on rate of kill, control and amount of damage; weather
conditions on amount of insecticide deposited, distribution on
plant and effectiveness as related to above; air velocity of
dusting machine on distribution of insecticide or acaricide on
deposit, etc. Sprays: Learn effect of: placement of nozzle and
its size, dilution of insecticide or acaricide deposited and
distribution over plant on rate of kill, control, and period of
effectiveness; weather on distribution on plant and effectiveness
as related to previous statement; Systemic insecticide and acari-
cides. Learn effect of: method and time of application on initial
control and period of effectiveness and soil type on their efficiency.
Ent. HH-3

Hazards Associated with the Use of Pesticides. To learn (1)
rate of insecticidal accumulation in soils from normal usage,
(2) plant and animal tolerance for varying degrees of soil contamina-
tion, (3) rate of insecticidal decomposition in a 4-year rotation in
soils foliowing initial applications at normal and excessive rates.
Ent. 283 (NC-19)

Determination of Pesticide Residues on Raw Agricultural
Commodities. (1) Learn residues of insecticides, fungicides,
and herbicides on and in forages, fruit, vegetables, and milk,
following application of pesticides. (25 Improve current analytical
methods and develop new ones for learning pesticide residues on
and in raw agricultural commodities.

Agr. Chem. 102 (NE-36)

A Study of the Influence of Pesticides, Fertilizers, and Other

Agents on the Flavor of Fresh, Canned, and Frozen Foods. To pro-
vide the Plant Pathology and Entomology Departments and the New

Jersey Canners Association with information on the influence of
certain pesticides on flavor of fresh and canned foods.
Food Technol. 286

The Effect of Pesticides on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables.

Develop a more efficient, objective, and uniform method of deter-
mining quality and more particularly the flavor of pesticide
treated fruits and vegetables.

Food Technol. 290 (See NEM-18, Quality Maintenance and

Prepackaging in Marketing Fresh and Processed Vegetables

in Part 14, Section b.)

Now Yo
(Cornell )

Naive
(Cornell )

N. Y.
(State)

Wa goes,

The Basic Requirements and Design Principles of Mechanical

Equipment for Control of Insects, Diseases, and Weeds. To study
the requirement of mechanical equipment for pest control practices

with the objective of determining basic information necessary to
design new or to modify existing available equipment for practical
use. To design and construct equipment for experimental use for
the purpose of determining practical control measures and suitable
machinery. Assemble information necessary to design sprayers for
weed control in row crops, open fields, and lawns. Machines to be
capable of applying concentrated herbicides at the rate of as low
as one gallon per acre. Experimental machines built and used for
field tests. Recognized procedures for plot testing shall be
followed. Cooperating Dept. will provide the herbicides and super-
vise the layouts of plots and measurements of material efficiency.
Veg., Ent. Pl. Path., Flor., Agr. Engin. 32

Insecticide and Fungicide Residues in Forage and Animal
Products. (1) Develop sampling techniques for insecticide and
fungicide residues of forage crops and learn what constitutes
an adequate sample, how it should be chosen, harvested and handled.
Learn (2) accumulation of fungicides in soils and their effect on
forages. Determine: (3) insecticide and/or fungicide residues
of forage and silage from present recommended schedules as applied
by growers and correlate residues with different types of formula-
tions, application methods, dilution, pressures etc.; (4) effects
of curing hay and methods of handling and storage of it on resi-
dues and residue losses. Study (5) timing methods of application
of insecticides based on plant height, arbitrary application
schedules or numbers of days to optimum date of harvest and corre-
late these facts with insect control and residues at harvest; (6)
effects of growth and weathering on insecticide residues of various
formulations on forage, peavine and corn silage. Determine: (7)
levels of insecticide and/or fungicide residues that may be fed
safely to cattle without contamination of milk or meat; (8) fungi-
cidal residues at time of pasturing, in hay or ensilage, and at
feeding; (9) levels of residues that can be safely fed to poultry.

Ent., Pl. Path. 175 (NE-36)

Pesticide Residues on Apples and Grapes at Harvest and at

Intervals During the Growing Season. Learn residues at harvest on
apples and grapes grown in this area, especially where mixed pesti-

cides have been applied. Learn interval between last application
and time of harvest so that federal tolerances can be met.
Food Sci. and Technol. 19 (NE-36)

N. C.

Ohio

Ohio

Ohio

Pa.

Pa.

299) =

Pesticide Residues In or On Forage Crops and in Products
From Animals Fed These Forages. Evaluate, modify and adapt
chemical methods of analysis for: (as) pesticides used on forage
crops for use in learning their residues in relation to effective
use of these chemicals in controlling insect pests; (2) learning
pesticide residues in animal products. (3) learn if feeding of
forage bearing pesticide residues will contaminate animal products.

Chem., Ent., Anim. Indus. 146 (S-22)

Basis for Agricultural Aircraft Equipment Design. To (1)
provide basis for better agricultural aircraft solids distributor

design and placement; (2) provide basis for design of metering
devices, agitators, hoppers, and power source and transmission
systems; (3) assemble information on spray equipment and provide
basis for combination liquid and solids dispensing equipment; and
(4) check lab results with controlled field studies for effective-
ness of application, performance of equipment and information on
application requirements, including rate, distribution, coverage,
and type of material.

Agr. -Ingin. 83

Pesticide Residues in Soils Following Pest Control Practices.
To study (1) pesticidal accumulations and disintegration in soils
of various types following applications for pest control; and (2)
effect of pesticidal accumulation in soils upon flora and fauna
and on the growth, quality, and yield of crops.

Ent. 110 (NC-=19)

Pesticide Residues on Animal Feeds and Human Foods. To
learn (1) magnitude and persistence of pesticides applied in
various ways to various plant surfaces; (2) levels of residues
in edible animal products.

Ent. 147 (NC-33)

Chemical Studies of Plant Protectant Residues: Methods
of Deposition and Removal. (1) Learn best methods for producing
and maintaining deposits of pesticides which will be most effec-
tive for control of insects, plant diseases and weeds, (2)
Study methods for reducing or removing pesticide residues re-
maining on crops at harvest.

Zool., Ent., Agr. and Biochem. 876

Daphnia Bioassay Procedures. (1) Learn immobilization times
of Daphnia in relation to concentration of various chemical com
pounds including those used in pesticides and in industrial wastes.
(2) Develop procedures for using Daphnia in bioassay based on
immobilization time-concentration relationships.

Zool., and Ent., Agr. Biochem. 1287

Pa.

R. I.

Se Ce

Tenn.

Va.

ates

Determination of Pesticide Residues. (1) Learn residues
of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides on fruit, vegetables,
forage, livestock and poultry products following application of
these materials. (2) Develop new or improved analytical methods
for determining pesticide chemicals in residues.

Agr. Biochem. 1308 (NE-36)

Pesticide Residues. Evaluate (1) endrin residue on pine-
apple fruit and juice; (2) parathion residue on acerola or West
Indian cherry and juice; (3) make correlations between chemical
and bioassay methods for determining endrin residues on pineapple
fruit and juice and parathion residues on acerola cherry and juice.

Soils 104, (S-22)

Pesticide Residues in Relation to Crop Production. (1) Learn
pesticide residues on forage crops under field conditions. (2)

Develop methods for separating respective residues resulting from

mixtures of pesticides applied to forage crops. (3) Modification

of chemical and biological assay methods for pesticide residues.
Pils Path., Ent. Agr. Chem. 609 ( NE-36) Coop. ARS

Pesticide Residues - Determination; Effect on Plants and
Soils.--A. Biological and Chemical Determinations of Pesticide
Residues in the Soil.--B. Effects of Pesticide Residues on Plants
and Soils. To (1) standardize and apply biological and chemical
methods of pesticide residue analysis with chemical analyses;

(2) to integrate results from biological and chemical analytical
techniques; and (3) evaluate effects of pesticide residues on
plant growth, plant products and soils.

Ent. Agron., Chem. 53 (S-22) Coop. ARS

Determination of Residues from Certain Pesticides When
Applied for the Normal and Experimental Control of Insects and
Diseases of Fruits and Forage Crops in Tennessee. Learn (1
residues from Captan when applied to strawberries, apples, and
peaches under various conditions for disease control; (2) amounts
of Toxaphene, DDT, and Demeton residues on strawberries when
applied under various conditions for control of insects; (3) resi-
dues of Toxaphene, DDT, and Dieldrin on alfalfa when applied under
various conditions for control of insects. (4) Develop or verify
recommendations for use of pesticides under state conditions re-
sulting in meeting tolerance regulations for food and forage crops.

Pl. Path., Agron., Ent. 49 (S-22)

Pesticide Residues on Forage, in Dairy and Poultry Products,
and in Meat. To learn (1) residues of insecticides in raw whole
milk following their use on cows and in barns; (2) residues of in-
secticides on forage, especially alfalfa, resulting from insect con-
trol programs; (3) residues in milk following feeding of insecticide
treated hay; (4) residues in certain poultry products following inges-
tion of insecticides or their use in and around poultry houses.

Dairy Sci., Poultry Husb., Int., Biochem. 93906 (S-22)

Wash.

Wash.

Wash.

Wis.

Wis.

Wis.

a

Investigation of Insecticide Residues with Radioactive

Tracers. To determine persistence, penetration, and transloca-
tion of insecticide deposits on plants by means of radioactive
tracers, chemical analysis and bio-~analysis.

Ent., Agr. Chem. 1109

Determination of the Persistence of Pesticide Residues. To
learn (1) persistence of pesticide residues on agricultural crops;
(2) if levels of pesticide necessary for control are consistent
with safe concentrations at time of harvest.

Ent., Agr. Chem. 1332

Extraction Procedures for Analysis of Demeton (Systox)

Insecticidal Residues. Develop a procedure for quantitative
recovery of Demeton residues.
Agr. Chem. 1334 (W-45)

Fundamental Problems Associated with the Accumulation of
Pesticidal Chemicals in Soils. To determine magnitude of insecti-
cidal accumulation in midwestern soils, rate and reasons for
disappearance of typical insecticides from various soil types
and effect of soil-borne insecticides on soil flora and non-
insect fauna.

Ent. 897 (NC-19)

Interrelationships Between Soil Insecticides and Soil Micro-
organisms. Study selected insecticides, emphasizing some of the
more common chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, to learn their
effects on normal, and abnormal, and residual amounts on popula—
tion changes of major groups of microorganisms; micro-biological
processes fundamental to plant growth (ammonification, nitri-
fication, carbon dioxide evolution, organic matter decomposition
mechanisms, nitrogen fixation, etc.); alteration of microbial
soil properties; the feasibility of devising a microbiological
assay test comparable to those used in the bioassay of vitamins
and similar compounds. Throughout the study, focus attention on
role of various soil types and other chemical and physical factors
appearing worthy of attention.

Bact. 897a (NC-19)

Chemical Nature and Mechanism of Loss of Insecticide Residues
on or in Food, Feed and Forage Crops. Study chemical nature of
the insecticide degradation products in and on plants and evaluate
their toxicological hazard.

Ent. 980 (NC-33)

Calif.

Calif.

Conn.

Conn.

Flare

Ill.

Iowa

mee aes

D. Physiological Effects on Plants,
Vertebrate Animals and Insects

Mode of Action of Insecticides. Study: metabolism of
various insecticides in many species of insects, and bio-
chemistry of the nervous and muscular system in Blattella.

Ent. and Parasitol. 902C

Effects of Fumigants, Insecticides, and Herbicides on Soil
Productivity. Learn Gis) influence of soil properties and various
soil management practices on effectiveness of fumigants, insecti-
cides and herbicides; (2) effect of fumigants, insecticides and
herbicides on chemical, physical, and microbiological properties
of soil with special reference to soil productivity.

Soil and Pl. Nutr., Ent. 1532

Long Range Effects of Insecticides on Insect Populations.
Learn the long range effects of (1) persistent residual insecti-
cides; (2) quick-acting non-persistent insecticides applied to;
reduce an existing heavy population, as a preventive in anticipa-
tion of a heavy population or,to control a light population (sim-
lating control of a pest reducing quality of crops) on the popu-
lation of insects.

Ent. 315 Coop. Dept. of Army Surgeonts General Office

Differences in Mode of Action of Insecticides. To (1)
develop more effective techniques and procedures for learning
differences in mode of action of insecticides applied jointly,
(2) learn differences in mode of action of insecticides or of
chemicals under test for usefulness as insecticides.

Ent. 320

Effects of Biocidal Materials on the Physiology of Plants.
To correlate metabolic shifts with morphological changes in

plants produced as the result of the application of additives
such as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.
Bot. 728

Study of the Pharmacologic Activity of Certain Chemical
Pesticides. Study (1) effect of chlorinated naphthalenes on
pigs; (2) the possible toxic effects of combinations of certain
agricultural chemicals on laboratory or other animals.

Vet. Scie 70-328

Radioisotopes as a Tool in Mode-Of Action Studies of Modern
Insecticides Used Against the European Corn Borer and Other
Agricultural Pests. To (1) determine metabolism of radioactive
DDT, alone and combined with synergists, in European corn borer,
in house fly, and other resistant and non-resistant strains of
insects, and (2) study action, residues, and metabolism of radio-
active systemic insecticides in European corn borer, corn plants,
the house fly, and the rat.

Zoole, Ent. 1256 (NC-19)

Kans.

Kans.

Kans.

Maine

26'>

The Long Range Effects of Insecticides Upon Fecundity and
Longevity in House Flies and Other Insects of Medical and Verteri-
nary importance. To determine alteration in reproductive potential
and life span in that segment of an insect population which survives
exposure to chlorinated insecticides and organic phosphorus insecti-

cides.
Ent. 249

The Relationship Between the Use of Some Chemical Compounds
and Cultural Practices on the Vegetative Response and Fruitfulness

of Fruit Plants. To determine influence of various chemical com-
pounds used as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, growth regula-
tors, or fertilizers on the photosynthetic activity, blossom bud
formation, fruit production or vegetative characteristics of fruit
plants.

Hort. 265

Mode of Action of Insecticides. Investigate the following in
insects and other animals and plants; (1) Rates and routes of entry
and distribution of insecticidal chemicals, (2) intoxication pro-
cesses, (3) detoxication and excretion mechanisms.

Ent. 476

The Effect of Chemicals Used _in Agriculture on the Soil
Microflora. To determine effects of herbicides, pesticides,

defoliants, etc., upon the microorganisms present in the soils
of Louisiana.
Pl. Path., Bot. 837 (S-22)

Effect of Soil Residues of DDT and Toxaphene on Plant Growth.
To determine possible toxic effects to potatoes from continued

application to soil and to plants of DDT and toxaphene, especially
possible effects on flavor or other quality factors, accumulation
and persistence of residues in soil and detection of residues in
soil.

Ent., Chem., Agron. 82 Coop. ARS

Evaluation of Possible Off-Flavors Resulting from the Appli-
cation of Chemicals on Soils and Growing Crops. To Ge) develop
efficient, uniform methods for evaluating off-flavors in food;
(2) provide screening apparatus for evaluating new chemicals pro-

posed for use on soils and growing crops.
Hort., QH-5&o (NE-15)

-l4 -

Mass. Effect _of Pesticides on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables.
To (1) develop effective methods for detecting differences in
flavor which may be caused by pesticides applied to fruits and
vegetables before harvest; (2) learn if flavor differences are
due to pesticides per se, to decomposition products of pesticides,
or changes in food product itself caused by physiological response
of plant to the chemical; (3) correlate pesticide or decomposition
product residuals with organoleptic analyses; and (4) learn taste
threshold values of pesticides and/or their decomposition products.

Food Technol. 71 (NE~-15)

Mich. A Study of the Anti-Mitotic Action of Various Organic Com
pounds Used_as Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides. To (1)
assess antimitotic and potential mutagenic action of compounds
used in insect, fungus and weed control where previous field or
chemical studies may suggest that they have such activity; and
(2) classify active compounds as to type of antimitotic activity
shown on basis of established reactions.

Bot. and Pl. Path. 99

Miss. Phytotoxicity of Insecticides. To determine toxicity of

certain chlorinated hydrocarbons, formulated for insecticidal
use, upon growth and quality of vegetable crops grown on same
plots for several years and sprayed with recommended strengths
of the materials.

Chem., Hort. HF-3, HK-24 Coop. ARS

Mont. Insect Tissue Composition As Related to the Physiological
Action of Toxic Agents. To study the exoskeletal composition of

grasshoppers.
Zool.—Ent., Chem. 799

N. J. Biochemical Research in Insecticides and Their Supplements
Used Under New Jersey Conditions. (1) Develop improved formula-
tions of insecticides; conduct experiments with newer systemics.
(2) Learn rate of decomposition of insecticides accumulating in
soil, either from direct application, or from sprays and dust;
learn longevity of insecticide residues on sprayed and dusted
cropSe (3) Study conditions and factors in formations responsi-
ble for producing disagreeable taste in tubers and other crops.

Ent., Agr. Chem., Food Technol. 178

N. Je Fundamental Physiological Studies of Mechanisms of Insecti-
cidal Actions. To study modes of action of various types of

insecticides and investigate mechanics of resistance so it will
be possible to select materials which will circumvent mechanisms
of resistance and to introduce chemicals which will inhibit
detoxifying enzymes, thus reducing the insect to its former
level of susceptibility.

Ent. 206

Net ve
(Cornell )

Ne vs
(Cornell)

N. Cs

Oreg.

Pa.

Pae

Pa.

a. 96> =

Biochemical Investigations of the Mechanisms of Resistance
in Insects. (1) To learn which enzyme systems are altered in
insect strains which have become resistant to biologically active
chemicals. (2) Learn nature of action of resistance invoking
chemicals on enzyme function.

Ent. 9&

Fundamental Studies of the Normal Physiology of Insect and
Comparative Studies of the Abnormal Physiology of Insects Affected
by Biologically Active Chemicals. Investigate normal physiology

of several insect species; study the action of biologically active
chemicals on functional efficiency of their organ systems; compare
information gained with object of increasing effectiveness of
control material.

Ent. 198

Insect Resistance Toward Insecticides. (1) Learn present
level of resistance of various insects to insecticides. (2)
Study penetration of insecticides thru the integument of insects
as a factor in insect resistance to insecticides.

Ent., Chem. 134

Detoxication Mechanisms in Insects. To (1) study detoxica-
tion mechanisms of insects, and (2) apply knowledge gained to an
understanding of the metabolism of insecticides by insects.

Ent. 90=2

The Effects of Ovicidal Materials Upon Insect Eggs. To
determine some of the fundamental facts underlying killing of

insect embryos thru application of toxic materials.
Zool., Ent. 1185

The Physiology and Pharmacology of the Insect Nervous System.
(1) Obtain fuller understanding of normal functioning of nervous

systems of insects. (2) Elucidate the mode of action of certain
insecticides which affect insect nervous system.
Zool., Ent. 1286

The Influence of Pesticides on the Flavor of Fruits and
Vegetables. Learn influence of various insecticides, fungicides,
and herbicides on flavor of fresh, canned, and frozen fruits and
vegetables.

Hort. 1332 (NE-15)

es (aie

P. Re Fumigation Tests with Methyl Bromide. To determine
usefulness and effectiveness of methyl bromide as a fumigant
for control of insect pests of crops of Puerto Rico by deter-
mining: (1) most economical and effective dosage for control
of each insect species; (2) effect of fumigant on plant life
when used at rates and methods needed for effective control
of respective pests; and (3) practical means, if any, needed
to insure safe and effective fumigation with methyl bromide.

Ent. 73

Rejilie A Study of Insecticide Resistance Exhibited by Various
Insects of Agricultural Crops. To (1) determine various
insect species showing resistance to insecticides under field
conditions, (2) obtain fundamental information on nature of
such resistance. (3) determine alternate control measures for
insects developing resistance to specific insecticides.

Ent., Jake Path., Chem. 606

Tenn. Effect of Certain Insecticides and Herbicides Upon the
Bio-Chemical Activities of the Soil and Upon Plant Growth.
(1) Establish safe limits of concentration of newer types of
insecticides that may be incorporated into the soil without
adversely affecting microbiological activities in the soil.
(2) Learn lethal concentration of insecticides for plant
growth; and (3) duration of possible injurious effects from
overdosages.

Agron. 54

Tex. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Systemic Insecti-
cides on the Cotton Plant. To (1) determine role of the plant
in translocation, alteration, and persistence of systemic in-
secticides, to better understand mechanics of distribution with-
in plant of compounds involved; (2) investigate effect of sys-
temics on plant development, defining dosage levels and condi-
tions at which stimulation or phytotoxicity occurs; (3) deter-
mine effect of systemics on plant's organic and inorganic nutri-
tion in relation to their insecticidal effectiveness; and (4)
attempt to develop a concept of alterations in chemical structure
or systemics which contribute to increased or decreased phytotoxicity.

Pile Physiol. and Path., Ent. 428 Coop. ARS

Tex. The Mode of Action of Organic Insecticides as Related to
the Nutrition and Metabolism of Insects. @) Rear selected in-
sects on artificial diets as a means of learning their physiologi-
cal and biochemical characteristics. (2) Study nutritive require-
ments and metabolic reactions of insects on chemically defined
diets. (3) Test known antimetabolites for their effects on meta-
bolic reactions of insects. (4) Study effects of insecticides and
correlate their actions with those of inhibitory substances.

Biochem., Nutr. 790 Coop. ARS

ze Yi9r

Texe Effects of Insecticides on Plants and Soils. To determine
the effects of organic insecticides on plants and soils.
Ent. 946 (S-22) Coop. ARS

Utah The Effects of Residues of Newer Insecticides on Health.
To determine (1) under controlled conditions if insecticide
residues appear in human foods of animal origin in toxic
quantities, when farm animals consume feeds containing resi-
dues of Endrin, Heptachlor and other new insecticides; (2)
effects of residues on calves fed milk from cows which have
been fed insecticide hay, and when fed known amounts of
insecticides mixed with feed; and (3) histological changes
in tissues of various species of animal when fed different
insecticides.

Anim. Husb., Chem., Dairy Indus., Vet. Sci., Zool.,
Ent. 424 Coop. HEW-Natl. Inst. Health

Utah Insect Activity in Relation to Fluoride Content of Plants.
(1) Survey areas of fluoride injury to plants for purpose of:

learning role of insects in injury of plants, studying insect
populations and species on plants injured by fluorine. (2)
By greenhouse experiments learn if fluoride level of plant
has any direct effect on activity of insects associated with
plant under study.

Entepihls Paths, sBot e462

Va. The Genetics of Resistance to Insecticides in the German
Cockroach. To (1) determine if factors for resistance to
chlordane in German Cockroach are a. simple or complex, b.
associated with sex chromosomes, carried mainly on autosomal
chromosomes, transmitted thru cytoplasm, or by a combination;
(2) determine if resistance development means selection of
predominately homozygotes or heterozygotes for loci concerned,
and (3) extend existing knowledge on DDT resistance in relation
to outline for chlordane study.

Ent. 86040

Va. Comparisons of Resistant and Non-Resistant Strains in Two
Insect Species. To (1) increase magnitude of resistance to
insecticides in selected strains of the German cockroach; (2)
compare resistant and non-resistant strains of this cockroach
for a. length of time in egg stage, b. length of nymphal period,
ce longevity of adults, d. reproductive response of females and
e. distinguishing morphological characters; (3) continue develop-
ment of insecticidally selected strains of large milkweed bug;
(4) compare selected and unselected strains of large milkweed
bug for a. number of eggs produced, b. order of resistance to
insecticides, c. deleterious effects from exposure to insecticides.

Ent. 86059

-18 -

Wash. Physiological Factors of Insects Which Determine Their

Susceptibility To Systemic Insecticides. To determine why
available systemic insecticides are highly effective against

some sap feeding pests as aphids, mites, and certain leaf-
hoppers, but fail to control other sucking insects such as
scales and mealy bugs.

Ent., Chem. 1228

Wash. The Synthesis of Radioactive Labeled Systemic Insecti-
cides and Their Plant Metabolic Products. To synthesize

labeled systemic insecticides and their decomposition products
for use in investigations of the problems involved in appli-
cation of systemic insecticides to agricultural crops.

Agr. Chem. 1229

Wash. Action of Organic Phosphates on Enzymes. Study effects

of organic phosphates on various mammalian, plant, and insect
enzyme systems with emphasis on systemic organic phosphate
insecticides.

Chem., Ent. 1277

W. Va. The Effect of Chemical Spray Schedules on the Quality
and Quantity of Apples Produced. To determine (1) effect of
various insecticides and fungicides and time of application
on the quantity and quality of fruit produced, and (2) relative
cumulative as well as current season's effect of various spray
schedules on fruit set, yield, color, and finish.
Ent., Pl. Path., Hort. 83 Coop. ARS

Wis. Biological Activity of Insecticidal Derivatives. To
attempt to develop systemic insecticides suited to the indi-

vidual control conditions present in Wisconsin.
Ent. 822

NC-19

NC-33

NE-15

NE-36

HO) =
II. Regional Research

Reduction of the Hazards in the Use of Pesticides. To
isolate, define and evaluate certain specific hazards associated
with the use of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and other
pesticides to the end that such hazards may be minimized or
eliminated.

Cooperating stations and agencies: Ill. I-C, Iowa I-D,

Kans. I-C, Mich. I-C, Mo. I-C, Ohio I-C, Wis. I-C, and ARS.

Pesticide Residues on or in Food, Feed and Forage Crops
(Their Magnitude, Character, and Persistence). To isolate,
define, and evaluate important factors that influence or
determine the magnitude and/or persistence of pesticide resi-
dues on or in plants and animals under midwestern climatic
conditions.

Cooperating stations and agencies: Ill., Iowa, Kans.,

Ohio, Wis. (all contributing projects in I-C) and ARS.

The Effect of Pesticides on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables.

(1) To develop more efficient, objective and uniform methods of
determining quality and more particularly flavor of treated fruits
and vegetables. (2) To determine the effect of some pesticides
on the quality of selected fruits and vegetables. (3) To devise
ways of counteracting effects of pesticides in reducing the quality
of selected fruits and vegetables.
Cooperating stations and agencies: Conn. I-C, Maine I-C,
Maine I-C, Md. I-D, Mass. I-D, Pa. I-D and ARS. (Revision
being considered).

Pesticide Residues in or on Raw Agricultural Commodities.
To determine pesticide residues remaining, particularly at harvest,

in or on raw agricultural commodities treated for control of pests
either above or below ground, with insecticides, fungicides, bac-
tericides, nematicides and herbicides. Residues of plant growth
regulators will also be considered if they are present in or on
raw agricultural commodities. To determine whether feeding of
forage and grain crops bearing pesticide residues will contaminate
meat, milk, poultry and eggs. To develop better analytical methods
for the determination of residues, particularly those resulting
from pesticides used in combination. To develop suitable and
accurate methods of sampling commodities for pesticide residue
analysis. To develop a medium for the distribution of pesticide
residue information within the region.

Cooperating stations and agencies: Conn., Md., Masse, Ne Je,

NY (Cornell), NY (State), Pa., R. I., (all contributing

projects in I-C), and ARS.

- 20 -°

S=-22 Pesticide Residues - Determinations, Sampling, Effects on
Plants and Soils. Standardization and application of chemical and/
or biological methods of pesticide residue analysis. Standardiza-
tion and application of field sampling procedures used in pesticide
residue analysis. Evaluation of the effects of pesticide residues
on plant growth, plant products and soil.

Cooperating stations and agencies: Ark. I-C, Fla. I-C,
Gae I-C, Lae I-D, Ne C. I-C, Pe Fe I-C, Se Ce I-C, Tenn.
I-C, Tex. I-D, Va. I-C and ARS.

W-L5 Pesticide Residues: Their Nature and Determination in
Relation to the Production and Marketability of Agricultural
Products. To collect, coordinate and make available information
concerning residues of pesticides such as insecticides, acaricides,
fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides, which are of agricultural,
importance in the western states. To develop standard procedures
for determining pesticide residues, including reliable methods for
sampling, extraction, purification, and analysis.
Cooperating stations and agencies: Ariz., Calif., Colo., Wash.,
(all contributing projects in I-C), and ARS.

LIST OF COMPILATIONS OF FEDERAL-GRANT RESEARCH PROJECTS
AT STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS

ARS=23-8: : :
Part 3: Sub ject=-Matter Area 3 Title of Section
Numbers : 3
1 Agricultural Chemistry Agricultural Chemistry
2 Agricultural Economics ae Prices, Incomes, &
General Studies of Com-
modities & Industries
b. Farm Management
ce Land Economics
d. Farm Finance & Taxation
3 Agricultural Engineering ae land & Water Use & Develop-
ment
b. Power Machinery & Equipment
ce. Farm Structures & Materials
4 Animal Husbandry ae Beef Cattle
b. Sheep & Goats
ce. Swine
5 Dairy Husbandry Dairy Cattle
6 Dairy Technology Dairy Technology
i Entomology & Economic ae Field Crop Insects
Zoo logy b. Fruit, Nut & Vegetable
Insects
c. Miscellaneous Insects &
Economic Zoology
d. Insecticides
8 Field Crops ae Cereal Crops
b. Oil, Fiber, Tobacco &
Sugar Crops
9 Food Science & Technology ae Food Chemistry, Micro-
biology, Sanitation &
Public Health
b. Food Engineering, Processing,
Product and Process Develop=
ment, Utilization and Waste
Disposal
ce Food Quality & Standards,
Acceptance, Preference, &
Marketing
10 Forage Crops, Pastures Forage Crops, Pastures
& Ranges & Ranges

1 Forestry Forestry

ARS=23=8
Part

Numbers
12

13

15
16
ay

18

21

22

23
24

e
e

Sub ject=-Matter Area

Fruits & Nuts

Home Economics

Economics of
Marketing

Meteorology
Ornamental & Drug Plants

Plant Pathology
& Bacteriology

Plant Physiology
& Nutrition

Poultry Industry
Rural Sociology

Soils

Vegetables

Veterinary Science

Weeds

Title of Section

Fruits & Nuts

ae Human Nutrition

b. Housing

ce Clothing & Textiles

d. Foods=-Consumer Quality
& Utilization

ee Household Economics &
Management

ae Field Crops

b. Fruits & Vegetables

c. Livestock, Meats & Wool

d. Dairy Products

ee Poultry & Poultry Products

f. Forest Products & Ornamental
& Drug Plants

ge Cross=-Commodity & Functional
Studies

Meteorology

Ornamental & Drug Plants

ae

be
Ce
d.

Plant Pathology, Botany, &
Diseases of Miscellaneous
Crops

Diseases of Field Crops

Diseases of Fruit Crops

Diseases of Vegetable Crops

Plant Physiology & Nutrition

Poultry Industry

Rural Life Studies

ae
be

Ceo

ae
be

Soil Chemistry & Microbiology
Soil Fertility, Management &
Soil-Plant Relationships

Soil Physical Properties,
Conservation & Classification

Vegetable Crops
Potatoes

Veterinary Science

Weed Control