Ferns: British and foreign. Their history, organography, classification

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FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ILLUSTRATION OF ORGANOGRAPHY. (See p. £5.)

VSA-.

FERNS : BRITISH & FOREIGN.

THE HISTORY, ORGANOGRAPHY, CLASSIFICATION, AND
ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES OF
GARDEN FERNS.

WITH

A TREATISE ON THEIR CULTIVATION,

ETC. ETC.

^ By JOHN SMITH, A.L.S.

EX-CURATOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW;
AUTHOR OF

“DOMESTIC BOTANY,” “historia FILICUM,” ETC.

NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION.

LONDON:

HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY.
1877.

. ss-of

I'm

WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS,

GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN S INN FIELDS,

LONDON, W.C.

CONTENTS.

Faye.

Preface to Second Edition vii

Preface to First Edition xiii

I. History of the Introdcction of Exotic Ferns ... 1

II. Organography, Explanation of the Terms used

in Describing Ferns 44

III. Classification of Ferns explained 5<>

IV. Generic Character and Enumeration of Culti-

vated Species 73

V. Appendix 293

VI. Etymology, the Meaning of the Generic Names 32.

VII. The Cultivation of Ferns 335

I. Preliminary Remarks 335

II. Special or Pot Cultivation 342

III. Natural Cultivation 37 .

IV. Wardian Case Cultivation 388

V. Propagation 39.)

VIII. List of Authors and Books quoted in this Work 40.

IX. General Index of Genera, Species, and Syn-

ONYMES 415

X. Index of Special Terms 449

81GS J

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

THEN years have now elapsed since the publication
of “Ferns: British and Foreign, ” of which the
following pages are a corrected reprint. Since then,
a number of exotic species have been introduced,
making considerable additions to the cultivated col-
lections in this country, of which the names of many
have from time to time been noticed in the Horti-
cultural Journals and in Nurserymen’s Catalogues.
These I have collected and arranged under their
respective genera and tribes, so as to form an
Appendix to the present edition. I, however, deem
it necessary to state, that shortly after the publication
of the first edition in 1866, my sight entirely failed,
and consequently 1 have not been, able to follow up
my rule, which was, not to enter a species on the
list of living plants without first having seen it
growing, or had specimens sent me taken from plants
cultivated in this country. It being impossible for
me now to do so, I have consequently availed myself
of the great knowledge of Ferns possessed by Mr.
William Gower, formerly foreman of the Fern collec-
tion at Kew, whose name is already noticed in the

Yin

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

pi-eface of tlie first edition, and who being well
acquainted with the principal Fern collections in this
country, makes it a special point to obtain a know-
ledge of all new introductions.

For my knowledge of the additions to the Kew
collection since 1864, I am indebted to the kindness
of Dr. Hooker for having mentioned to Mr. Baker,
the Assistant Curator in the Kew Herbarium, my
desire to obtain a list of the new introductions, which
he readily furnished me ; and whom I have also further
to thank for special information regarding certain
species. The number of new species introduced since
the last enumeration amount to 234, of which the
names of about one-half are derived from Mr. Baker’s
list, some of which are specially interesting as consti-
tuting several genera new to this work, which will be
found noticed under their respective tribes.

I continue to follow Sir William Hooker’s “ Species
Filicum ” * in the adoption of specific names and
synonyms as far as possible ; at the same time availing
myself of certain corrections, made by Mr. J. G. Baker
in a work entitled “ Synopsis Filicum,” being an
abridgment of the “ Species Filicum,” — this work
was commenced by Sir William Hooker, the first part
of which was published in 1865, only a few months
before the death of that celebrated Pteridologist ; it
was, however, taken up and completed by Mr. Baker,
forming a volume of 482 pages, containing brief

* A work iii five volumes, being a description of all known
ferns.

PUEFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. is

descriptions of 2,228 species. A second edition of
this work was published in 1874, with an Appendix,
which contains the descriptions of 488 new species ;
thus making the total number of known ferns, as
identified by the Kew Herbarium, to amount to 2,646.
In this work Mr. Baker has, however, made consider-
able alterations in the nomenclature and synonyme,
as given in the “ Species Filicum,” which adds addi-
tional testimony to what I have stated at page 56.
The propriety of making such, whether right or
wrong, is not necessary for me to comment on here,*
for to do so would lead to this Appendix being much
enlarged, and only burden genera and species with
additional synonyms, which, for the sake of amateur
cultivators of Ferns, I deem it prudent to avoid as
much as possible ; it is only in a few special cases
that I have thought it necessary to change or add
synonyms to names in the original enumeratiou.

I felt desirous to state the name by whom each
individual species was introduced, but I found this to
be a difficult task, and therefore deem it sufficient to
state, that the principal introducers were the following
nurserymen: — Messrs. Backhouse, York ; Bull, King’s
Road, Chelsea ; Henderson, Pine-apple Place, Edg-
ware Road; Jackson, Kingston; Standish, Ascot;
Stansfield, Todmorden ; Yeitch, King’s Road, Chelsea;
and Williams, Holloway.

* For full particulars on this point see my “ Historia Filicum,”
a work of 429 pages, with 29 lithographic plates, published by
Macmillan & Co., 1875.

X

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

In consequence of trade collectors and impoi’ters of
new plants being desirous of bringing them into eai'ly
public notice, names are given them without having
first taken the precaution to ascertain whether they
are not already named and described in Botanical
works; thus names frequently appear in Nurserymen’s
Catalogues, as new, without descriptions, or even their
native country given.* Many of such introductions
are, however, from time to time described in the Gar-
dener’s Chronicle by Mr. T. Moore, whose knowledge
and writings on ferns are sufficient to warrant their
adoption as new species. I have, therefore, in the
present addenda, omitted many of these provisional
names.

In the plant catalogues of Nurserymen who make
ferns a special object of trade, besides the enumeration
of specific names, a great number of what are called
varieties are also recorded, and their prices affixed, of
which Mr. Stansfield’s Catalogue contains the names of
nearly 500. These consist of abnormal forms of a few
British species, principally of Asplenium Filix-fcemina,
Lastrea Filix-mas, Polysticlmm aculeatum , Scolopen-
drium vulgare, Lomaria Spicant, and Polypodium
vidgare, to which numbers of new forms are yearly

* It should be made a special rule that all importers or pos-
sessors of supposed new plants, before offering them for sale, should
have them examined by some competent authority, for which there
is now ample means in the National Botanical Establishment of
Kew, either by examining the living plants in the garden, or in
the Herbarium, or by books in the library, or the Herbarium in the
British Museum, which now contains my Fern collection.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

XI

being added by cultivation, or found wild. The exhi-
bition from time to time of these so-called varieties at
the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
the awarding of first-class certificates, are indicators
of the great interest in which the curious forms are
held by amateurs. Varieties are also found amongst
exotic species, especially in the genera Gymnogramma,
Adiantum, and Pteris ; but these are comparatively
few to those native of this country.

That ferns still continue to be in favour with the
plant-loving public, is manifest by the frequent public
sales of large importations from abroad, especially of
tree ferns, some of which are of large size, and valued
as ornamental plants for conservatories, and at public
or private banquets or balls, the prices varying accord-
ing to height, from £5 to £50, or even more; high
prices are also given for species of certain genera,
such as Adiantum , Gleichenia, Todea, &c.

With regard to cultivation, I have nothing to add
to what I have already given in the first edition.

J. SMITH,

Ex-Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.

July , 1876.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

NEARLY ten years have now elapsed since my
“ Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns ” was pub-
lished. During that period many new and fine species
have been introduced to the gardens of this country.
I have therefore been induced to draw up the follow-
ing enumeration, including in it all the species that
have come under my notice in a living state, either by
the evidence of plants in the Kew collection or by
specimens from living plants sent me from various
sources.

Thinking it might be interesting to Fern growers,
I have drawn up a brief history of the introduction
of Exotic Ferns from the earliest records to the present
time.

In order to assist students in the study of Ferns,
an explanation is given of the principal organs and
terms used in describing them, as well as remarks
on their classification. I have also given an alpha-
betical list of the generic names, accompanied with
the derivation of each name.

Great complaints are frequently made, and not with-

XIV

PREFACE.

out good reason, of the many names given to the same
plant ; to assist in correcting this, I have drawn up a
complete Index of the species and synonymes noticed
in this work ; therefore, by turning to the page referred
to in the Index, the name will be found either with a
number before it showing it to be the adopted name, or
following the same as a synonyme, or what it has been
and is still called by some writers and cultivators.
Although this Index coutains nearly three thousand
names, yet, it must be understood, I have only taken
up the synonymes that I consider most essential;
those who desire to enter more fully into this subject,
may consult the “ Index Filicum” of Mr. T. Moore —
a work -which, when completed, will be a treasure to
pteridologists.

With regard to the wood-cuts, I have to explain
that about half of the number were not specially pre-
pared for this work ; these, in general, represent a
portion of the fronds of their natural size, in some
cases without fructification, the venation only being
given. The drawings for the other half have been made
principally from specimens in my herbarium or from
living plants. In many of them a magnified portion
of the frond is given, showing the character of the
genus more distinctly.

As a companion to the scientific enumeration, I
have given a treatise on their cultivation, which occu-
pies a considerable space in this book, and it is hoped
will be of service to the Fern-growing public.

PREFACE.

XV

In drawing up this treatise I have been greatly
assisted by Mr. Henry Prestoe and Mr. William Gower
(both recently foremen in the Fern department at
Kew), two highly scientific and nature-observing
practical cultivators.

In conclusion, I have to thank Dr. Berthold Seemann
and R. Heward, Esq., for looking over the proofs as
they passed through the press. Several causes have
occurred to delay the publication of this work; the
principal one being a partial failure of my sight,
incapacitating me from much use of the pen and
examination of new garden Ferns, which I trust will
be accepted as my excuse for any errors or omissions
that may be found in the following pages.

J. SMITH,

Ex -Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens,
Km.

Kew, May, 1»66.

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS.

THOUGH Ferns now occupy a conspicuous place
in our gardens, and are in high favour with
cultivators, it is only in comparatively recent times
that they have been brought into notice. During the
last century certain classes of plants came into
fashion, and after a season of popularity again fell
into disrepute. Thus : Tulips were once the rage.
At the time of the establishing of the several pro-
vincial Botanic Gardens, all of which were founded
upon a strictly botanical footing, though many of them
have now, to a greater or less extent, degenerated
into places of amusement, the plants in greatest demand
were those of our New Holland and Cape colonies,
principally the Heaths, Proteas, Aloes, and their
kindred. In after-years dealers obtained large prices
for Cactuses; but, with the exception of a few of
the easily-grown and most showy kinds, these are
now scarcely saleable. Still more recently the magni-
ficent-flowering Orchids were promoted to the first
place in our gardens ; and though these may still be
said to maintain their position, the expense attending

9

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

their cultivation is so great that they are for the
most part confined to the gardens of the wealthy.
Ferns, on the contrary, may, as a general rule,
be grown in a comparatively inexpensive manner.
The discovery made by Mr. N. B. Ward, that these
plants can be grown to great perfection in small
ornamental closed cases (now well known as “ Wardian
Cases ”), suitable not only for the drawing-rooms of
the wealthy, but for humbler dwellings, renders it pos-
sible for amateurs to indulge their love of Ferns without
going to the expense of erecting hothouses and em-
ploying a staff of gardeners ; and it is to be hoped
that this will be the means of retaining them in favour
and spreading them still wider.

The enumeration in the following pages shows that
at the present time above nine hundred exotic species of
Ferns are cultivated in the various public and private
gardens in this country; and of these by far the
greater number have been introduced during the last
quarter of a century. A very large, indeed almost
a complete, collection of them may at present be
seen in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, where,
during forty years, I devoted attention to their
cultivation, and to the study of their generic and
specific distinctions, using every endeavour in my
power, assisted by the extensive influence of the
eminent Director, Sir W. J. Hooker, to introduce
new species, both by raising them from spores
taken from my herbarium, and through correspon-
dence with persons residing in our Colonies and the
Superintendents of Botanic and other gardens on the
Continent. Being well acquainted with the latter
branch of the subject, — the introduction of new

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS.

3

species, — I have thought that a few pages devoted to
the history of these plants in its connection with our
gardens might prove acceptable. My own personal
knowledge dates from about the year 1822 ; and for
information respecting those in cultivation previous
to that time, I have taken for my guide the most im-
portant and most reliable of the garden catalogues.

The first work upon which dependence can be placed
for the early-introduced species is the so-called second
edition of the “ Hortus Kewensis,” published by the
younger Aiton, in 1813; I say the so-called, for there
were in reality two previous editions — one by Dr. John
Hill, in 1768, and a second by William Aiton, in
1789. In the first of these only ten exotic species
are recorded as being in the garden at Kew, which
then belonged to the Princess of Wales, but the
dates of their introduction are not given ; and in
the second, that of the elder Aiton, thirty-four, all
of which have the name of their supposed introducer
attached to them, and the date at which they were
introduced. I here give preference to the last edition,
as I know, from personal intercourse with the com-
pilers, that great care was exercised in its prepara-
tion, particularly with regard to the rectification of
dates, and I shall take it as the basis of my remarks.
But, in the first place, it is necessary to say a few
words in defence of that work. It has been
asserted that a considerable number of the plants
enumerated in the “ Hortus Kewensis ” never existed
in a living state, either in the garden at Kew or
elsewhere in this country. This statement, however,
is merely supposition, and rests upon questionable
authority. In the early days of Kew Gardens, large

b 2

4

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

sums of money were devoted to the payment of bota-
nical collectors, and great exertions were made, under
the patronage of Sir Joseph Banks, to stimulate the
introduction of new and rare plants, by inducing the
commanders of ships of war and East-Indiamen to
take an interest in the subject. By these means a
very large number of plants were actually introduced
into the counti'y in a living state ; but the Department
under whose charge the garden then was, took no
steps to provide proper accommodation ; and this,
together with the very frequent change of foremen,
led, as a natural consequence, to the death of the
plants.

Taking, then, the third “ Hortus Ivewensis,” and
excluding our indigenous species, I find that the total
number of “ Garden Ferns ” introduced previously to
the year 1813 amounts to as many as eighty-three. The
merit of being the first introducer of these plants
belongs to Mr. John Tradescant* the younger, who in
early life made a voyage to Virginia ; and I find it
recorded in Parkinson’s “ Theatrum Botanicum,”
published in 1640, that upon his return from that
country in 1628 he brought with him, amongst other
rare plants, the Cystopteris bulbifera and Adiantum
pedatum. These, therefore, must be regarded as the
nucleus of our present large collections. At first
the progress seems to have been exceedingly slow, for
between the time of Tradescant and the close of the
seventeenth century, only five additional species were
introduced ; viz., Asplenium rhizopliyUum and Onoclea

* John Tradescant had a Botanic Garden and Museum atr,
Lambeth.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION' OF EXOTIC FERNS. 5

■sensibilis from North America, the former in 1G80 and
the latter in 1699, in which year also Adiantum reni-
forme and Davallia Ganariensis were brought from
Madeira, while the fifth, Bleclinum australe, was,
according to Plukenet, who figured it in the second
part of his “ Phytographia,” cultivated in the King’s
garden at Hampton Court as early as the year 1671,
when his work was published, the garden there
containing a considerable collection of rare plants.
During the next forty-two years no additions appear
to have been made, excepting the Phlebodium
aureum, which was introduced by Lord Petre at
some time prior to 1742, the date of his death, the
precise year being unknown. Progressing onwards,
I do not find any more recorded until the year 1769 ;
but between that year and the commencement of
the following century sixty-eight species were added
to the eight already existing in our gardens. Out of
this large number, no less than thirty-seven were
brought home by Pear- Admiral Bligh, in H.M.S.
Providence, on his return, in 1793, from his second
voyage, undertaken for the purpose of introducing
the Bread-fruit and other useful trees into our West
Indian colonies. And, finally, during the first few
years of the present century, up to 1813, the date of
the publication of the “ Hortus Kewensis,” seven
•others were introduced.

A summary of the foregoing shows that upwards
of one-half of the Ferns known at the last-mentioned
date were West Indian species, forty-four having been
received at various times from those islands, the
majority through Bligh’s expedition. North America
and Madeira, with the neighbouring islands, stand

6 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

next as tlie largest contributors, fifteen having been
introduced from the former and twelve from the latter
country ; while of the remaining sixteen, four appear
to have come from the East Indies, four from the
Cape of Good Hope, three from New Holland, and
one from St. Helena, — making in all eighty-three
species.

The next catalogue of garden plants worthy of
notice is the “Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis,”
published in 1818, only five years after the “ Ilortus
Kewensis,” by Mr. Sweet, the Superintendent of the
then celebrated nursery of Mr. Colville, at Chelsea.
In it I find an enumeration of one hundred and eight
exotic ferns ; but this work, like the similar more im-
portant “Hortus Britannicus/'’ brought out by the in-
defatigable Loudon in 1 830, and which contains no less
than three hundred and thirty exotic Ferns, includes
not only a considerable proportion of bad species,
but also a large number that did not really exist
in British gardens, many having been entered without
authentic evidence, and others added upon the mere
expectation that they might shortly be introduced, —
expectations which, in many cases, have not been
realized to this day. No reliance can therefore be
placed upon either of these works, and I cannot
accept them as authorities.

During the latter part of the eighteenth century and
the commencement of the nineteenth, the only pri-
vate individuals who turned their attention, with any
amount of energy, to the introduction of new and
rare plants, were the long- and far-famed nurserymen
at Hackney, the Messrs. Loddiges; and to them
we owe the greater part, if not the whole, of the

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 7

Feins existing at that period in British gardens,
and not included in the “ Hortus Kewensis.”
Speaking from my personal recollection of the im-
portant collection of plants in the Hackney Nursery,
as it existed in the year 1825, I think it contained
about a hundred good species of exotic Ferns; but I
can obtain no earlier catalogue than one published
in 1849, in which two hundred and fifty-one are
enumerated.

In the year 1822 I found the collection of Ferns at
Kew extremely poor, especially as regards Tropical
species, very many of those introduced in previous
years having been lost, and very few new ones added.
Any person who remembers the hothouses in existence
forty years ago, will have but little difficulty in
accounting for the falling off of the Fern collection.
In those days hot-water pipes were unknown, and
the houses were exclusively heated by means of
brick flues, too often imperfectly constructed, and
the excessively dry and ungenial atmosphere thus
induced was quite unsuited for the good cultivation
or even for the mere preservation of these moisture-
loving plants. Nearly all the North American species
enumerated in the “Hortus Kewensis” were growing
very finely in a north border, and most of the Madeira
species were also in existence; but, including these
and the few added since 1813, I cannot estimate the
entire Kew collection of exotic Ferns at that period
at more than forty species.

Between 1813 and 1846, when my first Catalogue
of the Ferns at Kew appeared, no reliable list
was published in this country. Several, however,
were brought out by Continental botanists, which

8

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

are of sufficient importance to be worthy of a passing
notice. The first of these in point of date is the
“ Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Eegii Botanici Bero-
linensis,” by Wilde now, published in 1809, with a
Supplement by Sclileclitendal, bringing it down to
1813. We are thus enabled to compare the num-
bers in the Kew and Berlin gardens at the same
period; which were eighty-three in the former, and
thirty in the latter, including eleven not known at
Kew. During the succeeding nine years more atten-
tion appears to have been given to Ferns at the
Berlin garden ; for Link, in his first “ Enumeratio,”
in 1822, describes ninety-one exotic species, which
is more than double the number then existing at
Kew. After this the increase in number was still
more rapid ; for in the second edition of Link’s
“ Enumeratio,” published in 1833, no less than two
hundred and thirty-nine are described ; and in the
third, in 1841, two hundred and fifty-eight, exclusive
of varieties.

By this time, however, the collection at Kew had
received large additions, both through importations
of living plants and by raising from spores. In
1845 it was so extensive that I was induced to
draw up a classified enumeration, which was pub-
lished as an appendix to the Botanical Magazine for
1846. The number of exotic species there enume-
rated is three hundred and forty-eight, and I do not
think many were to be found in other gardens in
this country which were not at Kew, so that the Kew
list may be taken as a guide to the number then
in British gardens generally.

Four years later, Kunze, of Leipzig, contributed to

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 9

the 23rd volume of the “Linnasa” an alphabetical index
of the Ferns cultivated in European gardens, and in
this the large number of eight hundred and forty-three
exotic species are enumerated; but the authorities
upon which a very considerable portion of these were
inserted cannot be relied upon, many names having
been taken from such catalogues as those of Sweet,
Loudon, &c., and I am therefore obliged to con-
clude that the number given by Kunze as living in
Europe in 1850 is greatly exaggerated. This con-
clusion, too, is confirmed by the fact that in 1857,
after I had by correspondence become acquainted with
the collections in the principal gardens on the Conti-
nent, and after that at Kew had obtained most of their
novelties by means of exchange, I could, in my
“ Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns,” enumerate only five
hundred and sixty exotic species as known in British
gardens. Since the last-mentioned year, the con-
stantly increasing demand for Ferns consequent upon
their wider spread cultivation, has greatly stimulated
the introduction of new ones, and our collections
have increased at the rate of about fifty species a
year.

It now remains to say a few words regarding the
means by which these plants have been obtained, and
the persons who have been most active in introducing
them, taking the Kew collection as a foundation.
Firstly, with reference to the paid collectors employed
in various parts of the world, directly or indirectly in
the service of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, and to
whom that garden is indebted for additions to its Fern
collection. It would appear that so long back as the
year 1775 Mr. Francis Masson, one of the earliest, if

10

FERXS . BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

not the earliest, collector sent out from Kew, and
who succeeded in introducing large numbers of Cape
Protencece and Ericaccce, sent home several Ferns
from the Cape of Good Hope and Madeira. This col-
lector proceeded to the Cape in 1774, and came home
by way of Madeira about the year 1778, returning
again in 1736, and remaining at the Cape during the
nine following years. Early in the present century
Mr. George Caley, who was originally a horse-doctor,
residing near Birmingham, but acquired a love for
plants through collecting herbs, was sent out by
Sir Joseph Banks to Xew South Wales, and to him
we owe Platycerium alcicome, Doodia aspcra, and
Davallia pyxidata, the first introductions from Aus-
tralia, received about the year 1808. The next col-
lectors to whom the garden was indebted for Ferns,
are the Messrs. Allan Cunningham and James
Bowie. They left Kew in 1814, on a botanical
expedition to Brazil, where they remained exploring
the country and sending home large collections till
1816, when the former proceeded to Xew South Wales,
and the latter to the Cape of Good Hope. Xo living
Ferns appear to have resulted from the Brazilian ex-
pedition ; but several Australian species and one or
two from Xorfolk Island were received from Mr.
Cunningham, and two or three from Mr. Bowie from
the Cape.

Several other collectors were employed in the ser-
vice of these gardens, when under the Directorship of
Mr. Aiton, such as Messrs. Barclay and Armstrong ;
but I can trace no Ferns to them, nor, with certainty,
to David Lockhart, a gardener from Kew, who accom-
panied the ill-fated expedition of Captain Tuckey up

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 11

the Congo, in 1816, though I believe it possible that
some of the first-known Western- African species are
attributable to him. Lockhart was one of the few
who did not fall a victim to the deadly climate of that
country. After lying a long time in the hospital at
Bahia, he returned to England, and shortly afterwards
received the appointment of Superintendent of the
Botanic Garden in Trinidad, where he died in 1845,
after a service of a quarter of a century in that island,
during which period he sent many fine plants to Kew.

The principal collectors employed directly or indi-
rectly in the service of Kew during the Directorship of
Sir William Hooker, and to whom the garden is in-
debted for any additions to its Fern collection, are
Messrs. Purdie, Seemann, Milne, Barter, and Mann.
The first of these, Mr. William Purdie, was engaged as
collector in 1843, in which year he was despatched to
Jamaica, and after spending several months in the
exploration of that island, and forwarding many
valuable plants to Kew, he proceeded to Santa
Martha, and was employed for more than two
years in various parts of New Granada. To him we
are indebted not only for numerous showy flowering
plants, but for a considerable number of our garden
Ferns.

Upon the death of Mr. Thomas Edmonston,* Mr.
(now Dr.) Berthold Seemann was appointed his suc-
cessor, as botanist to H.M.S. Herald , and joined that
vessel at Panama, in January, 1847, remaining with her
until her return to England in June, 1851. Previously

* Mr. Edmonston was shot by the accidental discharge of a
rifle, at Sua Bay, Ecuador, January 24, 1846.

12

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

to joining the Herald, he explored several parts of
Panama and Veraguas, and while on board the
Herald visited various parts of the western coast of
America, between Lima on the south and California
•on the north, occasionally making long journeys
inland, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and Mexico.
He likewise accompanied the Herald in her three
voyages to the Arctic regions in search of the
ill-fated Sir John Franklin; visited twice the Sand-
wich Islands ; and returned home by way of Hong-
Ivong, Singapore, and the Cape of Good Hope. Not-
withstanding the few facilities afforded by surveying
expeditions for collecting living plants, Dr. Seemann
succeeded in introducing some interesting ones to
our gardens; and among Ferns we may mention two
very remarkable ones, Dcparia prolifera from the
Sandwich Islands, and Didijoxiphium Panamense from
Panama.

On the Herald being recommissioned in 1852, Mr.
"William Milne was appointed assistant-botanist, for
the special purpose of collecting plants for the Poyal
Gardens. During the six years he was attached to
the Herald he visited New Caledonia, the Fiji, and
other Polynesian islands, as well as many other places
in the southern hemisphere.

The Admiralty having, early in 1857, determined
upon sending out a second exploring expedition up
the Niger, under the command of Dr. Baikie, R.N.,
Mr. Charles Barter, a zealous and intelligent young
gardener, was appointed to accompany him in the
capacity of botanist, and to collect plants for Kew.
The officers of the expedition proceeded by way
■of Sierra Leone., and joined the Dayspring , a small

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 13

vessel fitted for river navigation, at Fernando Po ; but,
unfortunately, after tliey bad penetrated up the river
as far as Nupe, their ship was wrecked, and they
were obliged to form a camp on the banks. Poor Barter,
however, fell a victim to the deadly climate in July,
1859. As a collector he was indefatigable in the dis-
charge of his duties, and discovered a large number of
undescribed plants, including several new genera,
one of which has been dedicated to his memory under
the name of Barteria. But, owing to the mishaps
attending this expedition, and the difficulties of
transit, no living plants were received from the
interior of the country, but several Ferns were trans-
mitted from Sierra Leone and Fernando Po.*

No sooner had the news of Barter’s death arrived,,
than Mr. Gustav Mann, undeterred by his fate,
volunteered to fill the vacancy, and was appointed
accordingly. Being unable, from want of means of
communication, to join Dr. Baikie, he was employed
for three years in exploring the island of Fernando
Po and the African coast, in the neighbourhood
of the Camaroons and Gaboon rivers. In spite
of the difficulties and dangers attending the under-
taking, he made several ascents of the lofty Clarence
Peak of Fernando Po and of the Camaroons moun-
tain on the African mainland. On the former, at
an elevation of 5,000 feet, he found a fine new
Gyatliea, forming groups, with stems rising to a
height of 30 feet. We are likewise indebted to him-

* Since the above was written, news has reached this country
of the death of Dr. Baikie at Sierra Leone, in January, ] 865, whilst
on his homeward voyage.

14

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

for many other rare and interesting living Ferns, and
fine sets of dried specimens.

Besides contributions from special collectors, the
Fern collection at Kew has been largely increased
through the instrumentality of the officers of our
numerous Colonial Botanic Gardens, and likewise by
many private individuals residing in foreign countries ;
and as the exertions of these gentlemen are worthy of
being recorded, I give a few particulars respecting
them, adopting a geographical arrangement for the
sake of brevity.

The first Colonial garden from which, so far as I
am aware. Ferns were received at Kew, was that of
Ceylon, Mr. Alexander Moon, the Director, having,
in 1824, sent home a collection of plants, amongst
which was Niphobolus costatus. But the first person
who forwarded any considerable number from that
island was the lamented Mr. George Gardner, well
known to botanists as a botanical traveller in Brazil,
who was Director of the Ceylon garden between 1844
and his death in 1848. This gentleman was succeeded
by Mr. (now Dr.) G. H. K. Thwaites, the present able
Director, and to him also the Kew collection is greatly
indebted for a large number of rare and beautiful
species ; such as fichizoccena sinuata, Asplenium
radiatum , Actinostachys radiata , Helminthostachys
Zci/lanica, and many others.

Though Continental India is extremely rich in Ferns,
it has, singularly enough, contributed very few to our
gardens, no persons in that country having devoted
themselves specially to the subject ; indeed most of
those received thence have been accidentally imported
along with Orchids, including the half-dozen species

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 15

recorded in my first Enumeration as coming from
Dr. Wallich, the only Superintendent of the Calcutta
garden who has the credit of having introduced any.
Indeed, with the exception of those from Ceylon, Kew
has received very few Ferns from Asia and the
adjacent islands, most of those now in cultivation
having been introduced by nurserymen or through
Continental gardens. Two or three were brought
from Hong-Kong, in 1850, by Mr. J. C. Braine,
including one which proved to be a new genus, and
to this I gave the name of Brained in honour of its
introducer.

Another tropical island in the Eastern hemisphere,
whence large additions have been made to the Fern
collection at Kew, is the Mauritius. The Botanic
Garden in that island has long enjoyed the reputation
of possessing a fine set of plants ; but until the year
1852, when it came under the able management
of the present Director, Mr. James Duncan, very
little correspondence was kept up with the gardens
of Europe. Mr. Duncan has, at considerable risk,
ransacked the forests of the island in quest principally
of Ferns, and has been very successful in transmitting
living plants to this country, enriching our gardens
with many fine species.

The "Synopsis Filicum Capensis” of Pappe and
Bawson shows that the Fern Flora of Southern Africa
is extremely rich; but up to the present time we
possess scarcely a dozen Cape species in our gardens,
and most of them have been raised from spores.
Alsophila Capensis and Lomaria Capensis were intro-
duced in 1845 by Mr. Charles Zeyher, as also were
Lastrea athmantica and Gyathea Dregei from Natal
by Mr. J. Plant.

16

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Progressing westwards we come to the two strangely
isolated islands in the Southern Atlantic, St. Helena
and Ascension. From the former of these we have As-
plenium compressum, introduced by Mr. Thomas Fraser
in 1825, and Asplenium redinatum, brought borne by
Dr. J. D. Hooker on his return from Sir John Ross’s
Antarctic expedition in 1 844 ; together witb Lomaria
alpina and L. Magellanica from the Falkland Islands;
while from Ascension Mr. Wren sent numerous fine
plants of Marattia purpurescens in 1848.

From Australia several individuals have been con-
tributors. Grammitis Australis was received from the
Sydney garden in 1833, when under the direction of
Mr. Richard Cunningham ; and Mr. Charles Moore,
the present Director of that garden, has also intro-
duced several, including Trichiocarpa Hoorei, from
New Caledonia, while to Mr. Bidwill we owe the
curious Plat y cerium grande. But some of the most
beautiful of the Australian Ferns, such as the Glei-
dienias, were transmitted to this country by Mr.
Walter Hill, the able Director of the Botanic
Garden of Brisbane, in the rapidly rising colony of
Queensland, who obtained them during his stay in
Sydney in 1850. Two species of Gleicheniacece were,
however, previously known in our gardens, — the Glei-
chenia microphylla and G. flabellata, both of which,
together with several other Ferns, were sent from
Tasmania, in 1845, by Mr. Ronald Gunn.

About the year 1841 or 1842, some very fine Ferns,
including two Tree-Ferns, the Didcsonia squarrosa and
Cyathea moduli aris, were brought from New Zealand,
where they had been collected by Mr. J. Edgerly, a
gardener, who had proceeded to that country on

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 17

speculation, and who was the first to introduce the
beautiful Veronica speciosa. Others have also been
sent from New Zealand by the Rev. William Colenso,
and by the late Dr. Sinclair, R.N., the beautiful little
Trichomanes reniforme being one of those due to the
latter gentleman.

Turning next to the West Indies, we commence
with the island of Jamaica, whence more Ferns have
been received at Kew than from any other part of
the Western hemisphere. The person to whose
energy and perseverance this is mainly due is Mr.
Nathaniel Wilson, the Island botanist and Director
of the Botanic Garden. He has been a resident
in the island for upwards of twenty years, and
■during that time has thoroughly explored the Blue
Mountains and other districts rich in Ferns, liberally
forwarding to Kew the results of his numerous
journeys. Among his earliest contributions was the
beautiful Tree-fern, Cyathea arborea, which, though
recorded in the “ Hortns Kewensis ” as having been
brought home by Admiral Bligh in 1793, had long
been lost to our gardens. Within the last few years
he has succeeded, after many failures, in transmitting
numerous species of Trichomanes and Hymenoplryllum,
•which now form so conspicuous a feature in the
present rich collection. The other contributors from
the same island are, in 1851, Mr. George Manson,
and in 1854 and following years, W. T. March, Esq.,
the latter gentleman sending several arborescent
species as well as Hymenophyllece, and others.

Numerous fine species, including several Cyatheas
nnd Alsophilas, were received in 1855 and 1856 from
the French island of Martinique, where they had been

c

18

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

collected "by tlie Director of tlie Garden, M. Belanger.
A considerable number of rare species were likewise
sent from Dominica in 1853, and several following years,
by Dr. Imray; suck as Hemitelia Imrayana, Neurocallis
prcesiantissima , Elaphoglossum undulaium, and tbe
true E. longifolium, &c. While from Trinidad we are
indebted to the Island botanist, the late Dr. Criiger,
for Schizcea elegans, Saccoloma clegans, Amphidesmium
rostratum, E ymenostachys diversifrons, Tricliomanes
pennatum, and other equally rare species. His suc-
cessor, Mr. Henry Prcstoe,who previous to his appoint*
ment last year was foreman of the collection of Ferns
at Kew, has already transmitted a large collection of
rare F erns, and in the finest condition, proving that
they had been collected and put up by one who
perfectly understood their nature. The situation he
now holds will enable him to be of great service in
transmitting new plants to this country.

Comparatively few, considering the richness of its
Fern Flora, have been received from tropical America;
Dr. Gardner and J. Wetkerall, Esq., in Brazil ; H.
Cadogan Bothery, Esq., in Guiana; Mrs. Colonel
McDonald, in Honduras; and Mr. Wagener, in Vene-
zuela, being the principal contributors.

From the above it will be seen that a large number
of Ferns have been introduced through the agency of
the garden at Kew; but, besides these, a very con-
siderable number are due to the exertions of some of
our leading nurserymen, who, in consequence of the
great demand for, and the large prices realized by, the
finer and rarer species, have imported them, either
direct from their native countries, or from the Con-
tinent, where, as will be presently noticed, a good

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 19

many species not previously known in tke gardens
of tliis country liave been introduced.

I have already alluded to the Messrs. Loddiges, of
Hackney, as having at an early period turned their
attention to Ferns, and as being the earliest to form
a collection of them. But the only nurserymen whose
names are recorded in the second edition of the
“ Hortus Kewensis ” are the old-established firm of
Messrs. Lee & Kennedy, of Hammersmith, who are
stated to have introduced Polypodium asplenifolium
and Aspleniura monanthemum in 1790 : in later times
the Messrs. Lee have imported several from New
Zealand. Other New Zealand species have been
brought into notice by Mr. Standish, of Bagshot,
they having been collected in New Zealand by Mr.
J. Watson, now a nurseryman at St. Alban’s, and
who still continues to import. Several sent from
Japan by Mr. Fortune have likewise been sent out
from Mr. Standish’s nursery. To the Messrs. Low
& Sons, of the Clapton nursery, we are indebted for
some rare Bornean and Malayan species, collected by
Mr. Hugh Low, jun., and amongst others for the
remarkable Arthropteris obliterata, called Lindscea
Loioii in the gardens, and the little curious Leucostegia
parvula ; but more especially many rare species of
Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, as well as the rare
Thyrsopteris elegans, collected by Mr. Thomas Bridges
in Juan Fernandez. But to the Messrs. Veitch &
Sons, of Exeter and Chelsea, among nurserymen,
must be assigned the credit of having introduced
the greatest number of these plants, the collectors
employed by them in Chili and other parts of the
American continent, in India, the Malayan continent

c 2

20

TEEN'S : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

and islands, and in Japan, having sent home numerous
fine species, while through other sources they have
obtained many additions from Australia, New Zea-
land, and other countries. Messrs. Rollisson, of
Tooting, have likewise succeeded in enriching our
collections with a considerable number, received
principally from Mr. John Henshall, their collector in
Java and the neighbouring islands. Mr. Robert Sim,
of Foot’s Cray, has an extensive collection, which
he increases by importations, and is very successful
in raising plants from spores ; and the Messrs. Back-
house & Son, of York, the principal nurserymen
cultivators of exotic Ferns in the provinces, have
introduced a good many fine species of Trickornanes,
and others from Chili and the West Indies. A few
have likewise been introduced by other nurserymen,
but the above are the principal of those who have
obtained them from their native countries. I may,
however, mention Messrs. Osborn & Sons, of Fulham,
as having introduced one or two from Tasmania;
Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston, the Angiopteris
Assamica, from Assam; and Mr. B. Williams several
from various parts ; while all these and some others
have also imported considerable numbers from the
Continental gardens and nurseries.

In addition to all these sources, occasional intro-
ductions have taken place through several other
Botanic Gardens in this country, as well as through
some of the numerous amateur cultivators; but Fern
amateurs have increased so largely during the last
few years, that it is obviously impossible to mention
them in detail. With respect to the former, the first
provincial Botanic Garden in which Ferns were brought

i

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 21

into notice was that of Liverpool, under the Curator-
ship of the late Mr. John Shepherd, more than thirty
years ago ; and the collection there has lately been
considerably augmented by Mr. Tyerman. At Bir-
mingham, too, Mr. David Cameron in early times
formed a good collection, which, however, has now
given place to gaudy florist flowers. A good deal of
attention is at the present time paid to Ferns at the
Glasgow Botanic Garden by Mr. Peter Clarke ; and
also by Dr. David Moore, Director of the Botanic
Garden of the Royal Society of Dublin, at Glasnevin,
who has likewise introduced several new species from
Trinidad and New South Wales. The Royal Horti-
cultural Society of London must be mentioned as
having introduced Gibotium Schiedei, and one or two
other Mexican species, received from their collector,
Mr. Theodore Hartweg.

Want of space precludes my particularizing the
numerous private growers of the present day ; but
I cannot altogether pass over one or two of the
earlier ones who formed large collections of species,
and did much to stimulate the taste for these plants.
I more particularly allude to Mr. James Henderson
and John Riley, Esq. Under the patronage of the
Earls of Fitzwilliam, to whom he had long been
gardener, Mr. Henderson has for upwards of thirty
years been a zealous cultivator of Ferns, and has
been very successful in raising them from spores,
adding by that means a good number of species to
our collections. One of the earliest amateurs dis-
tinguished for his love of Ferns, was John Riley,
Esq., of Papplewick, near Nottingham, who was also
a successful raiser, and brought together a collection

22

FERNS •• BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

containing nearly 300 species, wliicli, upon his death
in 1846, was purchased by Dr. Forbes Young, of
Lambeth, who considerably augmented it ; but unfor-
tunately the death of its second owner, in 1859,
caused its dispersion. Few amateurs at the present
day study Ferns scientifically, or form collections
numerically large in species, the principal of those
in the neighbourhood of London devoting their atten-
tion to a select number of the most beautiful ones,
such as are well known to the frequenters of our
metropolitan flower-shows. I must, however, except
E. J. Lowe, Esq., of Beeston, near Nottingham, who
formed a considerable collection, and published an
illustrated work upon them in nine octavo volumes.

In the public and private gardens on the Conti-
nent Ferns claimed a large share of attention, and
many of these possess fine collections of them, con-
taining numerous species not yet known in British
gardens, though our nurserymen are constantly on the
look-out for novelties, and import a great number
from these sources. I have mentioned above that the
directors of the Botanic Garden of Berlin, at an early
period, possessed an extensive collection, and many
species are reputed to have been raised in this esta-
blishment. The publication of the “Ferns of the
Leipzig Garden,” an illustrated work, in folio, by Dr.
Mettenius, shows that the garden under his direction
is exceedingly rich in Ferns, and the University fortu-
nate in having a Professor so well able to do justice
to the collection. At Vienna, also, a collection of Ferns
has long existed under the direction of the late Dr.
Schott. Several other German gardens, as those at
Goettingen and Ilerrenliausen, also possess a consider-

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 23

able number, some very interesting novelties in tbe
latter having been obtained by M. Hermann Wend-
land, during a journey through Central America ; and
in many of these gardens species have been obtained
by means of spores taken from dried specimens, while
through the Dutch Botanic gardens, numerous rare
Ferns have been introduced from Java, Surinam, and
other Dutch colonies.

Among private individuals on the Continent who
have made large additions to our collections, by the
introduction of species from their native countries,
I cannot omit to notice M. J. Linden, of Brussels,
who himself travelled in the West Indies, Venezuela,
and New Granada, and who employed several enthu-
siastic collectors in various parts of the same and
neighbouring countries, by whom a great number of
the new plants were brought into cultivation. But
Jbesides these M. Linden has also received several
species new to our gardens, from New Caledonia
and the Phdippine Islands. About six years ago
another private traveller in Venezuela and New Gra-
nada, Dr. Karsten, likewise enriched continental gar-
dens by the introduction of numerous fine species of
tree and other Ferns, some of which have not yet
been imported to this country.

The total number of Ferns cultivated in our gardens
at the present day may be regarded as forming about
one-third of all the species known to botanists by means
of dried specimens, and described in the numerous
works of pteridology. Among the remaining two-
thirds are very many fine species, equal or supe-
rior in merit, as garden plants, to any of those we
already possess. It may be worth while to mention

24

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

a, few of the more striking of these, together with
the countries in which they are found, in order to
draw the attention of some of our enterprising nursery-
men to them and induce them to take steps for their
introduction. Assuredly in this fern-loving age
many would prove of great commercial value. First,
there is the magnificent Matonia pectinata, found
only on Mount Ophir, in Malacca ; a Fern resembling
the Gleichcnias in habit, but rising to a height of five
or six feet, with bedutiful fronds, divided, like those of
fan-palms, into numerous pectinate segments. Two
other Ferns of much the same habit, the Dipteris
Wallichii and D. Horsfieldii , are likewise worthy a place
in our gardens. The former of these is found in the
mountains of Silhet, and the latter in Java, Borneo,
the Philippines, Fiji, and neighbouring islands. In
the Philippine Islands, where the Fern Flora has about
250 representatives, there are numerous fine species,,
such as Dryostachivm splendens and Aglaomorplicu
Meyeniana, both somewhat resembling Drynciria quer-
cifiolia in the general aspect and mode of growth of
then barren fronds, both having rhizomes equally
tenacious of life; Lomagramme pteroides, with large
pinnate fronds three feet high, having long linear,,
lanceolate articulate pinnae, bearing amorphous sori>
Phoiin opteris Horsfieldii , the glistening sterile fronds
of which are pinnate and between two and three feet
high, and have very broad elliptic-lanceolate pinnae,
similar to the common laurel, while the fertile ones
are very much contracted ; Gleichenia cxcelsa, a very
strong-growing species with fronds five or six feet high,,
having spreading pinnae two to three feet in length.
The beautiful Schizoccena Brunonis of Penang and

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 25-

Malacca would also form a striking addition to our
trojfical ferneries, its pinnate fronds being from three
to four feet long on stipes about half as long again,
rising- from an arborescent caudex. In Blame’s
“Enumeration of the Ferns of Java” alone, no less
than 460 species are described, of which about 300
are regarded as new. Many of them are, however, not
distinct as species, but are fine and showy and well
worth the cultivator’s notice.

Remarkable for their structural characters, there-
are Sphceropteris barbata of Nepal, and Diacalpe
aspidioides of Eastern Bengal and Java; the fronds
of the former resembling those of a Lastrea dilatatar
but having globose sori with cup-shaped indusia
elevated on distinct pedicels, while the latter has
very similar sori not elevated. Another Fern of
Eastern Bengal worthy of notice is the Acrophorus
nodosus, a species with large decompound fronds
remarkable on account of their pinnae standing out
almost horizontally, or at right angles with the main
rachis. The same district, including the Khasaya and
Silhet hills, Assam, Bootan, Sikkim, &c., is extremely
prolific in fine Ferns, which, though familiar enough
in a botanical point of view, are still unknown in
our gardens : they would yield a rich harvest to a
collector of living plants; and it is not a little re-
markable that so few of them have as yet been in-
troduced through the Botanic Garden of Calcutta.
The total number of known species of Indian Ferns
may be stated in round numbers to be 400 ; and what
we have of these have been received from their other
habitats. I cannot, of course, attempt to give a list
of Indian desiderata ; but, in addition to the two or

26

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

three above alluded to, I may mention Kaulfussia Assa-
mica, a remarkable Marattiaceous Fern found in Assam,
having ample trifoliate somewhat fleshy fronds, from
eighteen inches to two feet in height, with the fructi-
fication, which consists of hollow circular sporangia,
scattered irregularly on the under surface. It is allied
to the K. (Esculifolia from the Malayan islands, in-
cluded in the following enumeration, and which is
extremely rare, if indeed it be not altogether lost
from our gardens : Lomaria glauca, a Fern of Khasaya,
with pinnate fronds, fine glacous underneath, two
feet high; and, finally, the Alsophila gig ant ea, a native
not only of Silhet, Nepal, and other parts of India,
but of Ceylon, Penang, and other Indian islands, a
magnificent Tree-fern with a trunk fifty feet high,
bearing a crown of large bi- or tri-pinnate fronds, the
segments of which are very variable. Dr. Thwaites,
in his “ Flora of Ceylon,” enumerates 214 Ferns, of
which about one-half are embodied in the following
pages, but many are yet rare, and several have failed
to become established. This is especially the case with
Asplenium ( Actiniopteris ) radiatum , Actmostachys
radiata, and the singular Polystichum anomalum, a
most remarkable Fern, which bears perfect sori on
both sides ; it is found at an elevation of from 5,000
to 6,000 feet, and no doubt our want of success in not
keeping it, as well as the unhealthy look of other
Ceylon Polystichums, is owing to their being placed
in the tropical house, — their elevation and their
resemblance to the European Polystichum aculeatum
indicates that they would be more at home in the
temperate house. Several interesting species have yet
to be introduced, such as the small pinnatifid Poly -

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 27

■podicc, including P. contiguum and P. Emcrsoni,
which, on account of their sporangia being seated in
a deep cyst, and protruding outwards, are referred by
some authors to Davallia. Two fine Tree-ferns are
also worthy of notice, Alsophila crinita and Cyathea
Walkeri. Many of the islands of the Eastern Archi-
pelago likewise offer a fertile field for the fern
collector, being rich in species of Hymenophyllum, and
Trichomanes , Asplenium, Lomaria, as well as in Tree-
ferns of the genera Cyathea and Alsophila. The one
or more Sumatran Ferns yielding the singular styptic
drugs brought to this country of late years under the un-
couth names of Penghawa, Djambi, and Pakoe Kidang,
would be of interest to cultivators from their beauty,
and to pharmaceutists from their properties. Cibotium
djambianum, Dichsonia chrysotricha, and two other
species of Alsophila ( A . lurida and tomentosa) have
been mentioned as the sources of these drugs ; but
very little is known respecting any of them, and
more information is desired. Two singular and
peculiar Ferns widely spread throughout this region
are Tcenitis blechnoides and Osmunda Javanica , which,
although long known in herbaria, have not yet
found a place in our living collections. The Moluc-
cas and Celebes, especially, possess large numbers ;
and among those in the former is the rare Cy stadium
sorbifolium, known only from a few imperfect spe-
cimens from these islands, and from the island of
Honimoe. Mauritius contains several which would be
acceptable in our gardens ; but, with such an enthu-
siastic explorer as Mr. Duncan in that island, it is
to be hoped that they will not long be classed
among our desiderata. I would particularly call atten-

23

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tion to OcJvropteris fallens, Antropliyum Boryanum ,
Ophioglossom palniatum. Cyathea canaliculata, and
C. excclsa, as -well as Adiantum a said folium and
A. Mauritianum, — all found in that island, — are still
scarce in, if not altogether lost to our gardens. I have
already alluded to the paucity of species from Southern
Africa at present in our gardens, although in the
“Synopsis” of Pappe and Rawson, published in 1858,.
no less than 1G5 are described, and the localities
where they are to be found given in detail. Not-
withstanding that few of these are remarkable or
striking in appearance, many would be prized on
account of their small size and neatness, and they
would be very suitable for Ward’s cases. Even in
European countries there are several Ferns which we do
not yet possess in British gardens ; for instance, the
Lastrea fragrans of the Arctic and sub- Arctic regions,
said by Sir W. J. Hooker to be “ one of the most
beautiful of all ferns,” is, as far as I am aware, known
only from dried specimens; while Asplenium fissum,
found in several parts of Southern Germany and Italy,
is rare even in herbaria, and altogether unknown in
the gardens of this country. On the south-eastern
confines of Europe, in the Caucasus, there is also the
Woodsia Caucasica , an interesting species, closely
allied to IP. elongata, of Northern India.

From the Western hemisphere, also, there are nu-
merous fine species yet to be introduced. Fee’s “ Cata-
logue of Mexican Ferns ” shows that that country
contains upwards of 300 not known in our gardens,
though many of them would be very acceptable. Among
these are several Tree-ferns, such as the remarkable
Cyathea Mexicana, found in the neighbourhood of

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 29

Jalap a, Cordova, and Oxaca, while the little tufted
Schaff'neria nigripes, found between Yera Cruz and
Orizaba, would be an interesting acquisition to growers
whose space is limited, being only three or four inches
high, and having intensely black glossy stipes, and
broadly obovate-cuneate fronds. There are also
many very pretty species of Gheilanthes, — the GJiei-
■lanthes speciosissima, with broad lanceolate multifid
coriaceous fronds, measuring as much as two feet
in length ; and several very desirable species of
•Gleichenia, Trichomanes, and Hymenophyllum ; of the
latter genera, in particular, there are still many beau-
tiful western species yet to be introduced. From the
more northern countries of the American continent
our hardy fern growers might obtain many additions.
For example, it would be interesting to have the
American Cryptogramme acrostichoides side by side
with our British C. crispa ; and if to these the Hima-
layan G. Brunoniana were added, we might then be
■able to ascertain whether they be really distinct
species or merely forms of one and the same plant.
The closely allied Pellce.a gracilis, found in many
■parts of North America and also in Northern India,
would be worth having on account of its remarkable
resemblance to our C. crispa. Polysticlium munitum, a
Fern distributed overWestern America, from California
to as far north as Nutka, and, therefore, probably
hardy, would be a fit companion for our own Polysti-
■chum Loncliites, though considerably larger. Lovers
of golden Ferns would be glad of the Gymno-
gramme triangularis, a species resembling Pellcea
argentea in appearance, but much larger and covered
with golden farina on the under-side ; and as this i?

30

TEENS : BEITISH AND FOEEIGN.

found as far north on the western coast as the Columbia
river, it will, it may be presumed, prove hardy with us.
Did space permit, this list of desiderata, from North
America might be greatly extended; but I must pass
on to the countries of the South, which offer a rich
field to the fern-collector.

In my enumeration of the Ferns of Panama, in
Seemann's “ Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S.
Herald,” I have described a very pretty Fern from
Southern Darien under the name of Glyphotcenium
crispum , which would be an acquisition to those who
grow F eras in a natural manner, though not suited for
pot culture. It is found on trees, from the branches of
which its tufts of long and narrow wavy fronds hang
down in a very graceful manner. In Darien, Panama,
and the adjacent Pacific islands, also, there are several
Tree-ferns which we have not yet got; such as Hemitelia
petiolata, a distinct species, with large pinnate fronds,
having widely-separated petiolated pinnules ; and
Alsopliila elongata, a very robust species. New Gra-
nada, Venezuela, and other countries north of the
equator, though explored by several collectors, would
still yield a good many desirable novelties to our
gardens. In the former country I may indicate the
several species of the extremely curious genus Jame-
sonia, with their very narrow, erect, rigid fronds, conti-
nuously developing little orbicular, concave, imbricated
pinnae, and densely clothed, while young, with fer-
ruginous hairs ; and also Dryomenes Purdiei , a mag-
nificent Fern with very deeply pinnatifid fronds from
four to five feet long, having extremely broad segments,
covered with numerous small sori, which may probably
possess indusia ; but younger specimens than those in

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 81

my herbarium are required to settle this point. In
Venezuela there is the remarbable Amjphiblestra lati-
folia, a Fern resembling some of the larger species of
Aspidium in habit and appearance, but having a line
of confluent sori on the margin like the Pteridice, to
which tribe it is generally referred, some authors retain-
ing it under Humboldt’s name, Pterislatifolia, and also a
species of Trichomanes of extraordinary size, T. Kun-
zeanum, nearly allied to our own Irish species T. radi-
cans, but with rather rigid fronds, from two to three
feet in length. One or two species of Lindscea are
also found in Venezuela, particularly the neat L. stricta,
with fronds varying from pinnate to tri-pinnate, though
most commonly bi-pinnate. But the head-quarters of
the genus Lindscea in the Western hemisphere are
Guiana, where is found the rare L. reniformis ,* resem-
bling in the general appearance of its fronds the well-
'knownAdiantitmren'iforme,&iid the yet to be introduced
Gymnogramme reniformis of Brazil, a rare plant even
in herbaria. The exceedingly beautiful L. trapeziformis,
which has bi-pinnate fronds two feet or more in height,
is also found here, as well as in other parts of tropical
America and the West Indies. I may remark that,
notwithstanding that some of the loosely compiled
garden catalogues in common use among gardeners
mention as many as twenty-six species of this genus
being in cultivation, I know of only two, and I
have made many inquiries upon the subject. The
genus contains upwards of sixty described species, dis-
persed over the tropical and sub-tropical countries of

Lately introduced by Messrs. Backhouse of York, but yet

rare.

32

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

both hemispheres, and many of them would be highly
prized by fern-growers. Amongst other Guiana Ferns
worthy of notice there is one to which I would wish
particularly to draw attention, not only on account of
its singularity, but of the little that is known of it by
pteridologists. I allude to the Dancea simjplicifolia of
Fudge, of which I have only seen two specimens, one
in Fudge’s herbarium, and the other in Schomburgk’s
Guiana collection. In general appearance the sterile
fronds of this Fern resemble those of Elaplioglossum
lab [folium, being about eight inches in length (including
the stipes) and of an ovate-lanceolate form, attenuated
to the base, while the fertile ones are narrower, and
still more attenuated downwards. Nor must I omit
to notice the very remarkable Hewardia adiantoides
of French Guiana, still very rare in herbaria. It
would be a noble addition to our large species of
Adiantum, its fronds being two or three feet high,
very broad, and irregularly bi-pinnate, with remote,
alternate, petiolate pinnules from three to five inches
long, and about two inches wide, and borne upon
glossy black stipes. Closely allied to this is the
Hewardia dolosa of Eastern Brazil, Surinam, and
Ecuador, with much longer but comparatively nar-
rower pinnules and i-ough hairy stipes. There is also
in Dutch and British Guiana, as well as in Brazil (in
the neighbourhood of Eio Janeiro), a species of the
curious Schizceaceous genus, Actinastachys (A. pennula,
Hook.), resembling the Ceylon A. dijitata, already
in our gardens, though extremely rare. While
the beautiful Schizcea flabellum , with its fern-shaped
fronds, cleft into two to form broad wedge-shaped
segments, and upon stipes a foot or so high, is found

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 33

in British Guiana, and also on the banks of the
Orinoco, Rio Negro, and Yapura rivers. Several
other species of Schizsea are likewise worthy of a place
in our gardens, such as the pretty Schizcea pectinata
of the Cape of Good Hope, and Schizcea ciichotoma,
which is found not only in Guiana and Venezuela, but
widely dispersed through the Pacific islands as far
south as New Zealand, occurring also in Java, Mysore,
the Mauritius, and other parts of the Eastern hemi-
sphere. Allied to these, also, are the two Brazilian
species of Goptopliyllum described by Dr. Gardner,
and likewise the Trochopteris elegans of the same
author, all of which some pteridologists include under
the genus Anemia, and perhaps rightly so with respect
to the former, for they have the same relationship
with true Anemia that Osmunda cinnamomea has 'with
0. regalis, their barren and fertile fronds being dis-
tinct. Both species are found in the province of
Goyaz ; one being named C. millefolium and the other
C. buniifolium, from the general resemblance in the
divisions of their barren fronds to the leaves of
Achillea millefolium and Bunium. The Trochopteris
elegans is an exceedingly curious little Fern, with flat,
radiating fronds of a somewhat spathulate form but
more or less five-lobed, the two lower lobes being
deeper and bearing the sporangia, the entire plant
resembling a rosette, and growing on rocks like a
lichen. Dr. Gardner found it on the Serra de Nativi-
dad, in the province of Goyaz. Amongst other Bra-
zilian Ferns worth being looked after, I may mention
two species of Antigramme — A. Srasiliense and A.
Douglassii, the former having oblong-lanceolate fronds
about a span long, tapering downward to a short

34 FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

stipe ; and the latter ovate fronds of the same length,
but usually cordate at the base and upon long stipes.
Lomaria zaniioicles of Gardner, a plant with a trunk
four feet high, resembling a Zamia, found by Gardner
in boggy places near the summit of the Organ Moun-
tains, would also be a valuable addition to our small-
growing Tree-ferns.* Brazil is rich in Tree-ferns, but
only a few of them have as yet been introduced. I will
mention only one or two. Dicksonia Selloiuiana, found
onthe Organ Mountains, is,like the Lomaria above men-
tioned, remarkable for its resemblance to an extreme
southern species, dried specimens being scarcely dis-
tinguishable from the Dicksonia antarctica, though
most probably if the two were cultivated side by side
they would prove very distinct. Cyatliea vestita and
<7. Schamschin appear to be very plentiful throughout
Brazil, and both are very fine species, the former
having a trunk from twenty to thirty feet high. The
two species of TricJiopteris — T. excelsa and T. elegans
— are also very graceful trees, found in Southern
Brazil, and although the latter is included in the fol-
lowing enumeration, it is still very rare in our collec-
tions. Several special localities in Brazil may be men-
tioned as abounding: in Ferns, such as the Organ
Mountains and St. Catherine’s, in the east; on the
eastern slopes of the Andes, where at elevations of
from fifteen hundred to four and five thousand feet,
in some localities, they flourish in great luxuriance.
At Tarrapota, in Peru, Dr. Spruce, in a diameter of
fifty miles, collected no less than two hundred and

* Fine plants of this Fern have been recently imported to this
country by Mr. Low of the Clapton Nurseries.

HISTORY OP INTRODUCTION OP EXOTIC FERNS. 35

fifty species, twenty of which, were Tree-ferns, and
many new and interesting species.

Before leaving tropical America I must say a few
words respecting the West Indies, the Fern
Flora of which is to a great extent identical with
that of the countries on the Atlantic coast of
South America. A tolerably accurate idea of the
number of species indigenous to the West Indies may
be obtained from Grisebach’s Flora of the islands
belonging to Great Britain, where three hundred and
forty are described, and their particular localities
noted. Out of these, two hundred and twenty will be
found enumerated in the following pages as already in
our gardens; and as our intercourse with most of
these islands is now so frequent, and the voyage ac-
complished with such rapidity, we may expect ere long
to receive all the most striking types of the remaining
ones. Indeed, the West Indian correspondents of the
Boyal Gardens at Kew, as well as those of several nur-
serymen, and other private individuals, are continually
forwarding Ferns to this country; and under these
circumstances I do not think it worth while to men-
tion any particular species ; but it is worthy of remark
that among our desiderata is the numerous group
represented by Polypodium tricliomanoides .

Passing westwards to Ecuador and Peru, I might
give a long list of desiderata, particularly of pretty
little Alpine species from the Andes, belonging to
Cheilanthes, Notholama, Asplenium, and Polypo-
dium, but want of space compels me to confine my
remarks to a few of the most desirable ones. In
his second century of Ferns, Sir W. J. Hooker has
figured a beautiful Polybotryci, named P. Lech-

d 2

36

TEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

leriana, after its discoverer, Dr. Lecliler. It lias
large, finely divided, somewhat membranaceous fronds,
three or more feet in height, resembling a species of
Darea, and thick scandent rhizomes. Cyatliea viicro-
phylla, found by the same collector, and figured in the
same work, appears to be a neat little Tree-fern,
with stems four feet high and finely divided fronds,
two or three feet long, ferrugineous from hairs on the
under side. Some species of Gymnogramme are
worthy of note, such as G. elongata, with narrow
pinnate fronds a foot or more long, something like
those of the well-known Notholcena trichomanoides,
and clothed with copious longish hairs ; G. flabellata,
the fronds of which are about a foot high, bipinnate,
with dark shining stipes, and little flabelliform, dicho-
tomously divided, green pinnules, and extremely neat ;
G. incisa, which has bipinnate fronds a span or more
high, and scarcely more than an inch wide, with the
pinnules deeply incised. These Gymnogramms are also
found in Venezuela, New Granada, and countries north
of the equator, where there is also a remarkable scan-
dent species, G. refracta, the finely cut fronds of
which continuously increase to a great length, and
ramble over the branches of trees. Our collections of
Gleichenice- might be also enriched with several species
from Peru and Chili, particularly G. simplex from
the former, and G. pedalis from the latter. G. simplex
having simple, pectinately pinnatifid fronds a foot and
a half in length, with short stipes ; and G. pedalis
fronds of the ordinary form, something like G. furcata,
but smaller, neater, and more compact in its mode of
growth. And, finally, the two singular Polypodies,
with dimorphous fronds, would be very pretty addi-

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS.

37

tions to our ferneries. One of these. Polypodium
heteromorphum , Hook., was found by Dr. Jameson
“ upon the top of the mountain face of dripping
rocks ; ” and has simple fronds like those of Asplc-
nium Trichomanes, mixed in the same tuft with
others which are repeatedly branched in a regular
dichotomous manner like the Gleichenice ; while the
other, Polypodium bifrons, Hook., found by the same
botanist in Ecuador, growing on branches of trees
partially immersed in water, has sterile fronds resem-
bling oak leaves in their general outline, and narrow
wavy fertile ones. To the creeping rhizomes of the
specimens collected by Dr. Jameson there were
attached curious bodies, resembling small potatoes .
but these were most probably adventitious, and
caused by some insect. Dr. J. W. Sturm, in his little
work on the Fern Flora of Chili, enumerates one hun-
dred and sixty-one species as found in that country
and the adjacent island of Juan Fernandez; but
very few of these have as yet been introduced, though
many of them would prove acceptable additions to our
half-hardy collections.

The numerous islands of the Pacific Ocean are, as a
general rule, rich in Ferns, and worthy of being visited
by a collector of living plants. The Hawaiian or Sand-
wich Islands, for example, would afford three fine species
of Cibotium. One of them, which has the stipes densely
clothed with beautiful golden silky moniliform hairs,
is so abundant that these hairs are collected as an article
of commerce and are largely exported to California
and Australia for the purpose of stuffing cushions, &c. ;
Polypodium pellucidum, a creeping species, allied to
our P. vulrjare, but differing in having pellucid striae

38

PERKS : BRITISH AKD FOREIGN.

between the fascicles of veins, and varying so ranch in
the more or less compound division of its fronds, that
one state of it was described as a distinct species by
Sir W. J. Hooker, under the name P. myriocarpon ;
Asplenium Sandwichianum, with large tripinnate
fronds three feet high, with numerous small segments,
bearing some resemblance to a Mimosa leaf, and others
too numerous to mention.

The Galapagos, although not rich in Ferns, are
worthy of notice, on account of a very rare and
remarkable species, first described and figured by
Sir W. J. Hooker, in the “ leones Plantarum,”
under the name of Acrostichum (Neurocallis) aureo-
nitens, and more recently in the fifth vol. of the
“ Species Filicum ” as Acrostichum ( Chrysodium )
aureo-nitens. Judging by either of the sectional
names, it might be supposed to have some resem-
blance to the well-known Acrostichum aureum , but
such is not the case, reticulated venation and appa-
rent amorphous sori being the only characters that
place it in that alliance ; in habit it is totally dis-
tinct, just as distinct from Acrosticum ( Chrysodium )
aureum as Ceterach offidnarum is from Asplenium
(Hemidictyon) marginatum. The plant has simple
barren and pinnate fertile fronds 6 to 10 inches in
length, the whole plant being densely clothed with
shining scales. To me its relationship seems to be
with Hemionites vestita , a beautiful Fern of India, and
also with another little-known species, the Gymno-
gramme ( Eugymnogramme ) Muellerii, a native of
north-eastern Australia, described and figured by Sir
W. J. Hooker, in the fifth vol. of the “ Species Fili-
cum,” which also seems to me to be closely related to

HISTOEY OP INTEODUCTION OF EXOTIC PERNS. 39

Hcmionites vestita, but described as having free veins.
Whatever difference then may actually be in the
character of the venation of these three species there
can be no doubt but that they are closely allied and
constitute a very natural group. I have always
considered that Hemionites vestita does not well asso-
ciate with true Hemionites, but now, having found
two companions for it, I view them as forming
a natural genus, to which I apply the name Ghrys-
odium. I hope that ere long we may have the op-
portunity of becoming better acquainted with them;
their silky appearance renders them worthy of being
added to our living collections.

In the Fijis again. Ferns form a conspicuous feature
in the vegetation. During a visit of only six months,
recently paid to these islands by Dr. Seemann, for the
purpose of exploring them and investigating their
Flora, he collected specimens of about 800 species of
plants, and of these one-seventh were Ferns, very
few of which are yet known in our gardens. A few of
the desiderata are worth mentioning, particularly the
graceful Todea Wilkesiana, found by the collectors
attached to the United States’ Exploring Expedition,
and named by Mr. Brackenridge in compliment to
Commodore Wilkes, who was in command of the
expedition. It is spoken of by Brackenridge as the
“ Little Tree-fern,” and as being not more than three
or four feet high ; but Seemann found it in the moun-
tains of Somosomo, where it grows as underwood,
attaining seven feet in height, and often with several
crowns. The stem is as slender as a walking-stick,
and the fronds bipinnate, and about two feet in length,
with the ultimate pinnules thin, but not so delicate or

40

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

so finely cut as T. hymenophy hides. Davallia Fcje-
ensis is a species with highly decompound fronds,
a foot or so high, having the segments so narrow
that they bear only a single sorus upon each. A
species of Hemonites, H. lanceolata, and Syngramme
pinnata, are found in these islands; the latter having,
on old plants, large pinnate fronds about one to two
feet high, including the rather long stipes, the first
simple lanceolate fronds from a foot to eighteen
inches high, but it is questionable whether these
simple fronds be not merely a state of the latter
plant, for other species of Syngramme are known
to have simple fronds as well as pinnate. Allied to
Syngramme is the long and well-known Tcenites blecli-
noides, which has a wide geographical range, but is
not yet introduced alive ; the form usually seen in
herbaria from the Malayan islands has large simply
pinnate fronds, with long tapering pinnae, like Blecli-
num orientale.

There is also another Fijian Fern, desirable as much
on account of its botanical character as from the
singularity of its appearance, viz., Diclidopteris angus-
tissima, which grows epiphytically on trees, chiefly
the Tahitian chestnut ( Inocarpus edulis), in the
manner of Vittaria, and has narrow, thin, grass-like
fronds, varying from six inches to a foot in length. In
all the Fijian specimens I have seen, the fructification is
seated in a groove upon a vein running along the side
of the midrib, and parallel with it, though in the
generic character drawn up by Braekenridge, it is
said to be normally in two rows, one on either side of
the midrib ; but, as Braekenridge alludes to its being
occasionally on one side only, I am not disposed to

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 41

consider it as a distinct species 'without further
evidence, though it is worthy of remark that the
specimens seen by that author were partly from the
Samoan, and partly from the Fijian group; and it is
possible that the two forms are separated geographi-
cally, as well as by their technical characters. Did
space permit many others might be indicated — not
only from these islands, but from other Polynesian
groups ; though, as far as it is at present known, the
Fern Flora is very uniform in species throughout.
New Caledonia, the Soloman Isles, and others, have
not, however, yet been well explored, either by
botanical or horticultural collectors.

As might be expected from the great intercourse
that has been carried on of late years between this
country and New Zealand, the greater part of the
Ferns indigenous to that colony are now to be found
in our half-hardy ferneries, only about 20 — a small
number — out of the 120 species described by Dr.
Hooker in his “ Handbook of the New Zealand
Flora,” remaining to be introduced. One especially I
should be glad to see in a living state : viz., the
remarkable as well as handsome and very rare
Loxsoma Cunninghamii, found by Cunningham on the
Keri Keri River, Bay of Islands, and by Sinclair on
the Wangarei River, in the Northern Island. This
Fern possesses the habit of a Microlepia, and has
broadly triangular decompound fronds, two to three
feet high, glaucous below, with sori intermediate
in character between Trichomanes and Davallia.*
The Tasmanian Ferns are likewise nearly all intro-

* This Fern was introduced, but has not become established.

42

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

duced; only one half-dozen out of the 52 species
described by Dr. Hooker in. his “Flora Tasmania ”
being unknown in our gardens, while of the Aus-
tralian ones about a third are still wanting to complete
our collection, and one of these is the extremely rare
Platyzoma microphylla, found by E. Brown on the
borders of the Gulf of Carpentaria during Flinder’s
yoyage — an extremely neat little Fern, with rigid
pinnate fronds a foot long, and hardly one-eighth of
an inch broad, haying minute oval pinnules, with
revolute edges and powdery beneath, growing in tufts
from short creeping rhizomes.*

I have now traced the progress of the introduction of
exotic Ferns to the gardens of this country, and shown
that many novelties have yet to come. Ho doubt,
more or less of them will from time to time be intro-
duced, as they are eagerly sought after by nume-
rous amateurs. Select private collections are thus
formed, in many cases consisting of rare and unique
plants; but, in the course of time, changes in private
establishments take place, and thus collections of
Ferns get dispersed, and species are often lost to the
country. It is, therefore, only to such public esta-
blishments as that of Kew that we have to look to
for the preservation of special collections. As there
is no law or rule defining what kinds of plants should
or should not be grown in public Botanic Gardens,
the matter resting entirely with the Director or
Curator, some families of plants are often more
favoured than others, although all are of equal merit

* Since the above was written about a dozen of the species
named have been introduced, and will be found in the Appendix
to the Second Edition.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 4-3

in a botanical point of view. To a certain extent,
tbe F ern collection at Kew is a proof of tins ; it so
happens that both Sir W. J. Hooker and myself bad
an early predilection for Ferns, which has led to
the gradual increase of the fine collection at Hew;
and, although I am now* incapacitated, by failing
sight, from doing more in support of this collection,
still, happily, it remains under the direction of Sir
W. J. Hooker, who, doubtless, will not allow it to
deteriorate, either in number of species or other-
wise. One great means towards assisting in their
preservation is continuing to view them as a scienti-
fic collection. Scientifically-arranged collections are
presumed to be the leading features of all Botanic
Gardens. Unfortunately it is not the most showy or
attractive. My long experience has shown me that as
soon as a scientific arrangement in any family of
plants is lost sight of, and showy cultivation made
the first consideration, a rapid loss of species is the
sure consequence. For their proper maintenance it
is most essential that the cultivator should view
even the most humble species with a scientific
and conservative eye. It is also much to be desired
that an official rule should be made, requiring an in-
ventory of the collections to be taken every few years,
and the publication of a general catalogue ; or, in
order to meet the various tastes of the public, separate
catalogues of special families, like the one I now
publish of the Ferns, might be issued.

* Slay, 1864.

44

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

IL— ORGANOGRAPHY.

FOR the purpose of rendering the technical descrip-
tions occurring in the following pages intelligible
to those not well acquainted with botany, I have thought
it necessary to devote a preliminary chapter to organo-
graphy, being the explanation of the various terms
in common use among pteridologists. I adopt this
course in preference to giving an ordinary glossary,
because I think a better idea of the structure of the
plants, and the relation of one organ to another, and
of the relation of the terms to the organs themselves,
may be conveyed by it ; but for convenience of refer-
ence I append an alphabetical list of the terms, paged
so that they can be easily found in the explanatory
chapter. In the generic characters I have endeavoured
to avoid needless technicalities, though I have not
attempted to frame them in what is commonly called
a “ popular ” style, and I hope that with the aid of
the following explanations, persons of ordinary
abilities who have not made botany their study, will
be able to understand them. In many cases, espe-
cially in describing the form and shape of the fronds,
the same terms are employed as in flowering plants ;
but as now and then they have special significations,
I have briefly explained all that occur in this work.

Ferns ( Filiccs ) are flowerless plants, and form the highest order
of the division of the vegetable kingdom termed Cryptogaviia.
Their most evident organs consist of the stem and the leaves, the

ORGANOGRAPHY.

45

latter of which are always called fronds, and are variously traversed
by veins, ramifying in a determinate manner in the different genera.
Upon certain definite parts of these veins, generally on the under
side of the frond, termed the receptacles, clusters or lines of free
one-celled spore-cases (sporangia) are produced, or occasionally
many-celled ones ( synangia ), and in these cases the reproductive
spores are contained. The clusters are called sori.

VERNATION.

The word vernation, as employed by me, designates the mode of
growth of Ferns, or, in other words, the manner in which their
fronds are developed and connected with the stem.

Vernation is either —

Articulated when the fronds are attached to the stem by a joint,
and leave a clean scar when they fall away ; or,

Adherent when no such joint exists, and the bases are continuous
with the stem.

And it is either —

Uuiserial when the fronds are produced one after the other, in a
single lineal series, sometimes close together (contiguous),
and at other times far apart (distant) ; or,

Fasciculate when they surround a central axis, upon the top of
which they form a crown.

STEM.

In a large number of Ferns the stem is not at first sight very
evident ; and even when plainly visible, it is frequently confounded
with the root by the unlearned (as, for example, the underground
stems of Pteris aquilina) ; but in others, as in Tree-ferns, it
is very marked. It is an organ of considerable importance for
classifying purposes, and often affords valuable distinctive cha-
racters.

The principal modifications of the stem are the —

Pihizome, a brittle, fleshy, prostrate stem, producing roots along its
under side, mostly growing above ground (epigeeous), and
then furnished with scales (sguamose), but occasionally
under ground (hypogceous), and then destitute of scales. It

4G

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

varies greatly in length, and is either simple or branched ;
when very short and branched it forms tufts ( caspitose ), and
when very long ( surculose ) it usually climbs on trees
( scandent ). Very rarely it is erect ( subfrutescent ). Its point
of growth is always evidently (often considerably) in ad-
vance of the undeveloped fronds ; and the fronds themselves
are produced singly from special, more or less distant,
points on its sides, termed nodes, at which they are arti-
culated.

Sarmentum, a tough slender running stem, rooting like a rhizome,
and either epigaeous or hypogceous, but differing in having
the bases of the fronds adherent and continuous with it,
and in its point of growth being coincident with, or scarcely
ever in advance of, the undeveloped frond.

Cauda', an erect or reclining ( decumbent ) stem, either simple or
tufted ( ccespitose ), through the growth of offsets, or rarely
sending out long running shoots, which root at their ex-
tremity {stolonifcrous\ It is often very small, scarcely
rising above the earth, but generally more or less elevated,
and sometimes forms a cylindrical trunk ( arborescent ), oc-
casionally 50 or more feet high, which, in many species, is
thickened by the growth of numerous aerial, outgrowing,
■wiry roots. And it bears a crown of usually adherent
fronds, developed in a spiral series, upon its apex.

FRONDS.

The fronds of Ferns are either barren or fertile. In the great
majority the latter do not differ very much from the former, though
they are generally rather narrower in all their parts. But some-
times they are very evidently different on the same plant, the
barren presenting the ordinary leafy appearance, and the fertile
being decidedly contracted, occasionally so much so that the leafy
part is entirely absent, or in some the two kinds are combined in
the same frond, the fertile portion being contracted, and the barren
leafy.

When young the fronds are involutely coiled, in the manner of
a watch-spring, and gradually uncurl during the period of growth
(circinate) ; rarely straight, as in Ophioglosscee.

ORGANOGRAPHY.

47

Fully developed fronds vary in size from less than an inch to 15
or 20 feet in length, and from a line, or even less, to 10 or 15 fee4"
in breadth. They also vary in form, in circumscription, and in
texture ; aud they are either furnished with a leaf-stalk ( stipes )
or are leafy to the base (sessile).

In describing the form, circumscription, texture, and surface of
the fronds of Ferns, the same terms are employed as in the case of
the leaves of flowering plants. They vary from simple entire to
decompound-multifid. In compound fronds the primary divisions
are termed pinna, and when more than once divided, the ultimate
ones pinnules ; and the terms applied to simple fronds are equally
applicable to these divisions. The divisions or branches of their
stipes also are termed the rachis.

Their texture is very different in different species. Some being
thin, membranous, and even pellucid, while others are thick and
coriaceous, or fleshy, rigid or flaccid.

The surfaces of the fronds are either quite smooth, or furnished
with different kinds of hairs, glands, or scales (the latter have
received the name of ramenta, and are generally membranorfs and
deciduous), or they are covered, particularly the under surface,
with white or yellow farina.

The plants called Fern Allies differ entirely in habit and mode
of growth from true Ferns ; that the word fronds is not applicable ;
but as the genus Selaginella is called “ fem-like plants,” I there-
fore apply the term “ frondules” to the species with distinct stems,
and to the main branches of the surculose species.

VEINS.

In Ferns the mode in which the veins are disposed in the sub-
stance of the fronds, or the venation, as it is termed, is of more
importance than in flowering plants, the characters relied upon for
distinguishing the genera depending more or less upon it, and
there are numerous terms applied to it.

The midrib of simple fronds, or of the pinnae or pinnules of
compound fronds, is called the costa, and is in the former a con-
tinuation of the stipes, gradually decreasing in thickness towards
the apex, or altogether disappearing (evanescent), and in the latter

48

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

a continuation or branch of the ultimate rachis with which it is
either adherent or articulated. It is generally central ; but is
sometimes excentric, or even quite on one side (unilateral), or some-
times there is no costa at all. From the sides of the costa veins are
produced at more or less distance from each other, generally equal
on each side, except when the costa is excentric or the frond or
segment has a radiating axis. The direction of the first or primary
veins is, as in the leaves of other plants, towards the margin and
apex of the frond or segment, forming a more or less acute or
obtuse angle, or sometimes nearly a right angle with the costa.

In describing venation the words reins, venules, and veinlets are
employed, each successive one of which is intended as a diminutive
of the preceding ; “ veins ” being applied to the first ramification
of the midrib, “ venules ” to the branches, and “veinlets” to
the branches of the venules. Some fronds have veins only, others
veins and venules, and others again all three.

Terms are occasionally employed to express the relative distinct-
ness of the venation, particularly when any marked peculiarity
exists : thus it is said to be —

Elevated, or external, when they are so thick that they are readily
seen and felt on the under surface of the frond ; and —

Internal when veiy much sunk in the substance of the frond.

The primary veins are- —

Costceform when very strong and well defined, more or less re-
sembling the costa in general appearance ;

Undefined when of the same size as and not distinguishable from
the venules and veinlets ; and —

Evanescent when they gradually disappear towards the margin.

Veins are spoken of as —

Free when each vein proceeding from the midrib, however much it
may be divided, is entirely unconnected with the neigh-
bouring ones ; and—

Anastomosing when the venules of one vein are in some way con-
nected with those of the next.

A fascicle comprehends a single vein with all its venules and
veinlets.

OEGANOGKAPHY.

49

Free veins are —

Simple when each vein proceeds from the costa to the margin
without branching (83).

Forked when they divide at an acute angle into two or more
branches after leaving the costa (51).

Simply forked, or dichotomous, when the division is into two
branches (96).

P innately forked when the primary veins are scarcely defined, and
branch several times one after the other on both sides (75).

Pinnate when the primary veins that run from the costa to the
margin are distinctly defined, and produce venules in
regular order on both sides, so that the fascicles have a
feather-like appearance (121).

Badiate when the veins spread out from a definite point at the
base of the frond or segment (93).

The simplest form of anastomosing venation is when the apices

of the veins are combined or connected by means of a marginal

vein (113). In the more complicated forms it is spoken of as —

Angularly anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of
the next, and form an angle at their point of junction (65) ;
when the angle is very acute the term acutely anastomosing
is employed, or sometimes called cathedrate.

Arcuately anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of
the next, and together form an arch or curve (63).

Transversely anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those
of the next, and together form a nearly straight line (104).

Distantly anastomosing when the venules are parallel with the
costa, close together, and joined at long intervals by short
cross veinlets.

•Compoundly anastomosing when the venules are irregularly con-
nected in a more or less net-like manner, and have variously
directed free or conniving veinlets in the areoles (21-28, 43).

Beticulated when the veins, venules, and veinlets are all connected
together in a more or less net-like manner : uniform is used
in reference to reticulated venation when there is no apparent
difference between the veins, venules, and veinlets (31, 55).
f.

50

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

Areolcs are the spaces formed by the anastomosing of veins, and are-
of various shapes and sizes : those next the costa are called
costal areoles.

In speaking of the venules of forked and pinnate veins it is
sometimes necessary to indicate a particular one in the fascicle :
thus, the —

Anterior venules are those on that side of the vein next the apex of
the frond or segment ; and the

Posterior venules those on the opposite side farther from the apex.
Yenules and veinlets are likewise said to be —

Excurrent when directed towards the margin of the frond or
segment ; and

Recurrent when directed from the margin ;

And their apices are said to be
Clavate when thickened like a club.

FRUCTIFICATION.

As a general rule, what is called the fructification of Ferns is
seated on more or less regularly arranged points or lines on the
under surface or margin of the fronds, and is usually of well-
defined form. There are, however, some variations from this. For
example, in Acrostichece it either covers the whole under surface of
the fronds, or is in irregular undefined patches, and in some other
cases, as Botrychium, Osmunda, &e., where the fertile fronds are
much contracted, it assumes a spike-like or racemose form.

The terms used in describing the fructification may be classed
under four heads : — 1st. Those relating to the receptacle ; 2nd.
those relating to the sporangium and synangium ; 3rd. those
relating to the sorus; and 4th. those relating to the indusium.

1. Receptacle.

The receptacles are the sites upon which the sporangia are seated,
and are generally either thickened points on, or long thickened
portions of, some part of the venation.

In position they are —

Terminal when on the points of the veins or their branches (5, 7).
Basal when close to the costa (1).

ORGANOGRAPHY.

51

Axillary when on the point where the veins fork (131).

Compital when on the angular crossings or points of confluence of
two or more venules or veinlets.

Medial when in none of the above positions, but some intermediate
part of the veins or the branches (21, 28).

They are superficial, or immersed in the substance of the frond,
or elevated above its surface, and then columnar (plate I. fig. 9) or
globose.

In form they are —

Pundiform when small and dot-like.

Elongated when long and line-like.

Amorphous when of no defined form (46).

2. Sporangium.

The spore-cases, or sporangia, are the organs which contain the
reproductive spores, and are borne in masses upon the receptacles.
They are thin and transparent, or horny and opaque, unilocular
and globose, oval or pyriform, usually pedicellate, which is articulate,
but sometimes sessile, and either furnished with a more or less
complete articulated elastic ring ( annulate ) (plate I. fig. 1), or
destitute of a ring ( exannulate ) (plate I. fig. 4). In annulate
sporangia the ring is said to be

Vertical when it rises immediately from the apex of the pedicel (of
which is a continuation), and passes vertically over the apex
of the sporangium (plate I. fig. 1).

Horizontal when it passes horizontally round the sporangium
either at or about its middle (plate I. fig. 2j, or at the apex
(i apical) (plate I. fig. 3.)

Oblique when it has neither of the above directions, but passes
round the sporangium in some direction intermediate
between them.

When the sporangia arrive at maturity and are under certain
favourable conditions as to dryness, the elasticity of the ring causes
them to burst open with force and sound sufficient to be heard, and
this takes place in a direction at or very near to a right angle with
the direction of the ring. In exannulate sporangia the opening
takes place by a simple slit or pore (plate I. figs. 4 and 5).

E 2

o:

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Synanjium.

The synangia are formed by the union of a greater or lesser
number of exannulate sporangia, arranged side by side, forming a
series of cells, disposed in a circle, or in two rows side by side,
united in one mass, which either remain united (plate I. fig. 5),
or separate longitudinally in two valve-like lobes (plate I. fig. 6).
The cells open for the escape of the spores by a slit on their inner
side or by a pore at their apex.

In Lycopodiacece and Marsileacese there are two kinds of sporangia,
the one containing numerous small spores, the other only a few —
considerably larger. Some authors consider them to represent
different sexes, and therefore named the first Antheridangia, the
other Oophoridangia. The large spores are known to vegetate, and
some say the small ones also ; the large ones are called Corpuscules.
In the genus Marsilea the sporangia are called conceptacles, because
they contain free vesicles of two kinds, one containing small
spores, Antheridangia, the other large ones, Oophoridangia.

3. Sorus.

The sori are the masses of sporangia borne upon the recep-
tacles, and are either naked or furnished with variously shaped
hairs and scales, or with membranous or rarely coriaceous covers
of various forms ( indusia ) ; their form and position correspond
with and are dependent upon those of the receptacles, which are
their foundations. Thus, when the receptacles are punctiform, the
sori are always round (5) or globose, while elongated receptacles bear
sori of many forms, oblong ovate, oval, elliptical, arcuate, linear (50),
reticulated (54), &c. When situated on the margin of the frond or
segment (marginal), a little within the margin ( antemarginal ),
somewhere between the margin and the midrib { intramarginal ), close
to the midrib ( costal or basal), or sometimes on a pedicel, and pro-
jecting slightly beyond the margin ( exserted or extrorse) (73). In some
cases they are irregularly scattered, but in others they are arranged
either in rows ( serial ) (7) or in continuous lines, and when these
diverge at an angle from the midrib they are said to be oblique (110) ;
find when parallel with either the margin or the costa, transverse
(90 and 100). As a general rule, each sorus is distinct and well-

ORGANOGRAPHY.

53

defined, but in many cases the receptacles are so very close to-
gether that one sorus runs into another (confluent), or sometimes
the receptacles themselves are joined and form a more or less
perfectly united simple sorus, or when not perfectly joined (as in
Cryptogramme and Platyloma) a compound linear sorus.

4. Indusium.

As stated above, the sori of some ferns are naked while those of
others are furnished with a kind of cover, to which the name
indusium is given by some authors, and involucre by others.

The indusia present many well-marked forms, and often afford
valuable characters for distinguishing genera, though they are by
no means constant. Three kinds are distinguishable : special,
accessory, and universal.

True or special indusia are of a cellular membranous nature, and
are produced from the receptacles to which they are attached in
different ways. In some cases they are in the form of an orbicular
disk, and then rise from the centres of the receptacles to which
they are attached by their own centres, their edges being free all
round ; this form is called peltate or central (plate I. fig. 7). More
frequently, however, the indusia are more or less elongated, and
are then attached to the sides of the receptacles ( lateral ) (plate I.
fig. 8). In this case their attachment is either on the side next the
costa (interior), or on that next to or at the margin (exterior), and
is either by a point or sinus on their side, in which case their form
varies from reniform to oval and oblong, or it is by the entire length
of one side, when they are linear (110). Their surface is flat (plane),
arched (vaulted), or hood-like (cucullate), and their edges are either
entire or variously laciniated or fringed.

Besides these two modes of attachment, there is a third kind
where the indusia are attached all round the base of the receptacle,
and they are at first globose and entire, but ultimately their apex
opens, and then they assume a cup-like (calyciform) form with the
margin more or less entire (plate I. fig. 9) ; sometimes the attachment
is only half round the receptacle (semi-calyciform).

Accessory indusia, sometimes in addition to the true indusia,
portions of the margin of the frond are changed in texture and
form, what are here termed accessory indusia, and which resemble
the true indusia in appearance. These connive more or less with

54

FERXS : BRITISH ATvD FOREIGN.

the true indusia, which in these cases are always attached on the
interior side of the receptacles, and the two combined indusia form
■continuous or interrupted grooves, or urceolate, bilabiate, or tubulose
cysts, open exteriorly and containing the sporangia (plate I. figs.
10 and 11).

Universal indusia occur in cases when the segments of the fertile
fronds are contracted. They consist simply of the margins of the
segments being more or less changed in texture, and rolled inwards
so as to include all the sori upon the segment (plate I. fig. 12).

There is also another kind of indusium, called “ indusoid scales
they only occur in a few species of the division Eremobrya. In
Pleopeltis this consists of orbicular, peltate, glistening imbricate
disks, covering the sporangia ; in Hymenolcpis they are very thin
and membranous ; in Schellolepis they are very irregular in form,
and seem to be imperfect sporangia ; their deformity being caused
by the excessively crowded immersed sporangia ; they are also found
in Tcenitis and Vittaria, and have received the name of paraphyses.
I however do not use this term in describing those genera. The
orbicular disks of Pleopeltis, however, seem to be more special
■organs, particularly in the smooth-fronded species.

I have now explained tlie terms of tlie chief organs
and structure of Ferns made use of for their classifi-
cation. I fear a beginner will say it is quite enough to
deter any one from entering upon the study of F eras ;
but he should bear in mind that it is quite as impossible
to read a language without first learning the alphabet
as to understand botanical descriptions without first
mastering the technical terms employed in them.
He will be further impressed with the difficulty of
study when he finds that the very first point of inves-
tigation is to determine whether the fern before him
has or has not a ring to its spore-cases. He presumes
that a microscope is required to determine this first
starting-point ; but such is not actually the case, for
with the aid of a pocket lens he will be able to detect
the presence or absence of a ring, and as annulate

ORGANOGRAPHY.

55

and exannulate Ferns in cultivation in this country
are in proportion to one another as one to forty-five,
he may soon become aware that the great majority
of Ferns belong to the annulate section. But the
best way for a beginner is to procure a few correctly-
named species of each tribe, and carefully compare
them with the characters given in the following
pages. He will soon overcome the dread of technical
phrases, and before long will be able to refer his
unnamed species to their respective tribes and
genera.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Annulate Sporangia —

Fig. 1. Sporangium with a vertical ring, mag. 100 diameters (sub-order
Polypod iaceae).

2. Sporangium with a horizontal ring, mag. 100 diameters (sub-

order Gleicheniacese).

3. Sporangium with an apical ring, mag. 100 diameters (sub-order

Osmundaceae).

(a.) Spores of each highly magnified, 200 and 300 diameters.
lixannv.la.te (Order Marattiacre) —

Fig. 4. Sporangia (two) free, opening by a vertical slit, mag. 25 dia-
meters (Angiopteris).

5. Sporangia united (synangium), opening by pores, mag. 7 dia-

meters (Danaea).

6. Sporangia united (synangium), opening by slits, mag. 9 dia-

meters (Marattia).

(a.) Spores of each highly magnified, 300 diameters.

Jndusia —

Fig. 7. Indusium peltate orbicular, slightly magnified (Aspidium).

8. Indusium lateral reniform, slightly magnified (Nephrolepis).

9. Indusium oalyciform, slightly magnified (Cyathea).

10. Indusium linear, interiorly attached, slightly magnified (Asple-

nium).

11. Indusium valvate, slightly magnified (tribe Dicksoniieoe).

12. Indusium universal, slightly magnified (Struthiopteris).

ON THE GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR
CLASSIFICATION.

rpHE systems for tlie classification of Ferns aro

almost as numerous as pteridologists themselves;
indeed, nearly every author, from Linnaeus downwards,
who has written upon the subject, has propounded his
own views, and these have generally differed both
from his predecessors and from his contemporaries.
But the point upon which pteridologists appear to differ
most, and on which their only agreement seems to be
an agreement to differ, is the definition of genera and
their limits. I say emphatically appear to differ, for
in the works of those most at issue, the differences are
not so much in the limits of the groups themselves
as in the relative importance assigned to them. For
example, while some, as Presl, Moore, and myself,
break up the old Linncean genera. Polypodium, Aspi-
clium, & c., into a greater or lesser number of smaller
genera, others, as Hooker and Mettenius, prefer ad-
hering to the Linna?an genera, without greatly altering
their characters, and adopting the modern generic
names as sectional ones for such divisions as they find
themselves compelled to make. It would occupy too
much space to enter fully upon this subject, and I
must leave it for a more extensive work upon the
genera of Ferns, long contemplated by me,* con-
tenting myself here with a brief mention of the organs
more or less employed by pteridologists in establish-
ing and classifying genera.

* See “Historia Filicum.” — Macmillan & Co. 1S75.

GENERA OP FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 57

An examination of the works of Linnaeus shows that
he was acquainted with about one hundred and eighty
species, and these he classed under eleven genera (viz.,
Osrrmnda, Onoclea, Acrosticlmm, Hemionitis, Polypodium,
Asplenium, Pteris, Blechnum, Pouchitis, Adiantum, and
Trichomanes) , which were founded upon purely artificial
characters, derived solely from the shape and position
of the fructification. This system was amply sufficient
for the limited number of species then known ; indeed
the proportion of genera to species was much larger
in Linnaeus’s days than in our own ; but when the
number of species had been greatly augmented, it
became obvious that, in order to avoid genera of
unwieldy dimensions, if not for other reasons, addi-
tional characters must be sought for ; and these have
gradually been introduced. It is a remarkable fact,
however, that although the number of species now
known exceeds by about twenty-fold that known to
Linnaeus, it is quite possible to arrange them all under
the eleven genera established by that author.

After the time of Linnaeus, the first additional organ
relied upon for generic characters was the indusium,
which was employed by Sir J. E. Smith and Pro-
fessor Roth, and afterwards more fully by Swartz,
who divided the twenty-five genera known to him
into “ naked ” and “ indusiate.” Linnaeus noticed
the fact of the sori following the course of the veins in
his character of Hemionitis, but, in 1810, Robert Brown
first specially employed characters taken from the
'position of the sori upon the veins. This was the next
important step in advance. The same learned botanist
was also before anybody else to point out the im-
portance of venation as an aid to classification, but

58

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the credit of being the first to employ characters from
venation upon a large scale is due to Professor Presl,
who, in 1836, published his celebrated “Tentamen
Pteridographiae,” where he described one hundred and
fifteen genera of Polypodiaceas alone, in the characters
of all of which the venation holds the most prominent
place. Several years before seeing PresFs “Tenta-
men,” I had been engaged in working out, and had
completed, a treatise upon the same subject, which,
with a few necessary alterations in nomenclature, I
afterwards published.* My views for the most
coincided with those of Presl, but I had paid more
attention to forming natural groups and bringing
together species agreeing in their mode of growth,
and vegetative organs; for it appeared to me that
pteridologists did not give sufficient importance to
that point, and even now it is not taken into considera-
tion as much as it deserves to be. With the exception
of my own more recent efforts to obtain characters from
the mode of growth presently to be explained, the only
further suggestion of any importance remaining to be
noticed is that of M. Fee, who, in his work on the
Poli/podiacece, introduced characters taken from the
form and structure of the sporangia, the number of
articulations in their rings, and the form of their spores.
The form of the sporangia, and direction of their rings,
had previously been adopted by Presl and myself for
distinguishing the main orders or sub-orders of Ferns,
and I, in common with all modern pteridologists, still
rely upon those organs for that purpose ; but I cannot
consent to their introduction into generic and specific
characters, as proposed by Fee. Even were the dif-

* Hook. Joum. Bot., 1841.

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 59

ferences pointed out by him constant, which they are
not, the organs themselves are so minute that the
study of Ferns would be impeded rather than facili-
tated by the laborious microscopic examination de-
manded. The spores also vary at different ages, and
are thus apt to mislead. No practical advantage is
gained by the introduction of such characters ; and
natural groups and alliances can be established without
them, by employing such tangible characters as do
not require much aid from the microscope for their
observation.

I now come to consider the characters taken from
mode of growth. My long connection with the Royal
Botanic Garden at Kew, where an unrivalled collection
of F erns exists, has given me abundant facilities for
the observation of growing plants, and after an atten-
tive study and close examination of many years I am
induced to attach a higher value for systematic pur-
poses to the different modes of growth than my con-
temporaries may be disposed to do. My views upon
this subject were first published in Seemann’s
<c Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald” (p. 226),
and subsequent observations have but confirmed them.

Ferns present two very distinct modes of growth,
the one of which I term Eremobrya, and the other Ees-
mobrya, and these are comparatively as distinct as the
primary divisions of flowering plants ; but I do not, as
has been suggested, consider that there is any analogy
between the structure of the stems of Eremobrya
and Endogens, and Eesmobrya and Exogens, that
their respective modes of development are identical,
or that Eremobrya and Eesmobrya are of equal value
in a general systematic point of view with Exogen and

60 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Endogen. The terms equivalent to the two latter are
Pleurogen and Acrogen.

In Eremobrya the fronds are produced singly from
the sides of a rhizome, which has its growing-point
always evidently in advance of the young developing
frond. Each frond springs from a separate node,
more or less distant from its neighbour, and is there
articulated with the rhizome, so that when it has
passed its maturity it separates at the node, and
leaves behind a clean concave scar. The rhizome is
solid, fleshy, and brittle, and when young always
densely covered with scales (excepting in hypogeous
rhizomes), which seldom, except in the very few scaly-
fronded species, extend higher than the node ; but it
varies in some respects, being in some cases long and
slender, and either simple or branched, and in others
short and thick. The essential distinction between
Eremobrya and Desmobrya rests in the fronds of the
former being articulated with the axis, while those
of the latter are adherent and continuous with the axis.

In Desmobrya the fronds are developed in two modes.
In a large number of Ferns belonging to this division
they come out from the apparent apex of the axis in
a spiral series, and form a fascicle or corona. In this
case the axis or stem is an erect or decumbent caudex,
very variable in size, being sometimes scarcely elevated
above the ground, and sometimes, in extreme cases,
rising to the height of fifty or more feet. Almost an
equally large number, however, have their fronds de-
veloped in a single alternate series, and their stem
forms a sarmentum, in which the point of growth is in
most cases scarcely at all in advance of the develop-
ing frond, and would appear to be coincident with

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. Cl

it, though sometimes the prolongation is evidently in
advance, and then the mode of growth appears to
agree with Eremobrya ; but the non-articulation of the
stipes at once distinguishes it. Whatever the character
of the stem of Desmobryous Ferns, it is always formed
of the united and adherent bases of the fronds, and
increases by the successive evolution of fresh fronds,
each succeeding one of which is produced on the
interior side of the bases of the preceding ones.

All Ferns are referable to one or other of these
two divisions, and in general the difference between
them is readily seen, particularly when living plants
are examined ; but, as in all attempts to generalize
from special organs or structures, there are exceptions.
For example, in Elaphoglossum the fronds are neither
strictly adherent nor strictly articulate, but have a
swelling some distance up the stipes, at which point,
though there is no change in structure, the vascular
bundles are so weak that the fronds ultimately sepa-
rate there; and hence I regard the genus as an
aberrant form of Desmobrya (?). In Woodsia, again,
the stipes has an elevated articulation ; but the axis is a
caudex formed of the adherent bases of the stipes, and
this, together with its fasciculate frond, indicates its
true affinity to be in Desmobrya. A few also occur,
as in the section Gtenopteridece of the tribe Polypodies,
in which the articulation is obscure, and a careful
examination is required to detect it.

Notwithstanding these few exceptions, there can be
no doubt that the two modes of growth above de-
scribed are widely distinct, and the two groups into
which Ferns are thereby divided are quite distinct in
habit and appearance. The plants too seem to be

62

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

endowed with very different natures, for the vitality
and tenacity of life is much greater in the Eremo-
Imjous than in the Desmobryous division ; and it is not
a little remarkable that so far as observations upon
cultivated plants enable me to ascertain, the latter are
freely reproduced from spores, while the former are in
proportion rarely reproduced by that means. In confir-
mation of this tenacity of life in Eremobrya I may men-
tion that in importations of Ferns from distant countries
those belonging to that division generally arrive in a
living state, while Desmobryous ones, particularly those
with sarmentum, are often killed in the transport.

I have now briefly reviewed in chronological order
all the organs or structures upon which pteridologists
rely for the formation of genera. Unfortunately,
scarcely two can be found who agree as to the
principles upon which genera of Ferns should be
founded, or as to the value of the several organs for
generic purposes. Some apply to Ferns the princi-
ples which characterize the genera among flowering
plants, depending for the most part upon characters
taken from the organs of reproduction. Others place
great reliance upon the different modifications of
venation ; whilst I believe I stand alone in endeavour-
ing to obtain natural genera, that is, genera having
species associated by general habit and appearance,
and by employing auxiliary characters taken from
the modes in which the plants grow. Habit is not
excluded from generic characters of flowering plants ;
indeed numerous instances might be quoted in which
it is allowed by eminent botanists to constitute the
chief distinction between allied genera, and by intro-
ducing it into the characters of Fern genera, more

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 63

natural groups and sequences are obtained than by a,
strict adherence to the artificial characters afforded
by the fructification and venation. Among Ferns
no single organ alone affords characters sufficient for
general systematic purposes. Were the principle
upon which Linnaeus acted — that is, a strict adherence
to the fructification alone — applied in its integrity
to the enormous mass of Ferns now known, — and it
would be quite possible to do so, the most incongruous
plants would be associated under one genus, and the
magnitude of the genera would be quite overwhelming.
The same would be the case were venation alone or
habit alone to be taken into consideration. In some
instances, however, a marked difference in one set of
characters indicates well-defined groups ; but as a
general rule a combination of differences in two or
more sets is requisite. Great difference of opinion
exists as to what is and what is not a genus ; but so
long as plants are distributed into well-circumscribed
groups of not too great an extent, it appears to me
that it is a matter of little importance whether those
groups be termed genera, sub-genera, or sections.
For my own part I prefer regarding them as genera.

It has not been without due consideration that I have
arrived at this conclusion. It also saves a great deal
of unnecessary trouble, both in speaking and writing
about Ferns, it being more easy to say and write
Elaphoglossum conforms , than Acrostichum ( Elapho -
glossum ) conforme, or Gymnogramme tomentosa, than
Gymnogramme ( Eugymnogramme ) tomentosa, &c. Also
by studying the character of the smaller groups indi-
vidually, and treating them as genera, their nature is
at once brought to the mind, without having to think

64

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

of their association with a host of species of quite dis-
tinct characters. It also leads to investigation, and,
accordingly, to a better knowledge of the structure of
Perns.

With regard to the characters that define the limits
of species, as much uncertainty prevails amongst
authors as with genera. This is owing to several
causes ; such as many species being normally hetero-
morphous, presenting at the same time different forms,
which again vary at another period of growth ; and in
many instances authoi’S have described the different
states as distinct species ; and in some cases different
fronds of the same plant, and even portions of the
same frond, have been placed under separate genera.
It also frequently happens that two or more presumed
species present so many intermediate gradations of
form, that only the most extreme states appear suffi-
ciently distinct to warrant their adoption as species,
the numerous intermediate forms seeming to set
specific distinctions at defiance. It therefore becomes
a question what is the limit of form or of structure that
constitutes a species. Generally understood, a species
is an organized structure endowed with an essence or
quality peculiar to itself, and possessing the power of
multiplying and transmitting its type to new genera-
tions without change, ad infinitum. Admitting this
definition as correct, it seems to be beyond human
power to ascertain whether the serial gradations of
form are genuine descendants of original creations, or
only deviations from one original, brought into exist-
ence during the lapse of ages by the different climatic
and local influences they have been subjected to. It
is well known that phaenogamous plants assume differ-

GENERA OF FERNS AND TIIEIR CLASSIFICATION. 65

ent forms and aspects, effected by tbe agency of man
and by various natural causes ; the difference from the
original types being often so great, that if evidence of
the change were not on record, the botanist of the
present day would be justified in describing them as
distinct originally created species. With Ferns we
possess but little evidence of new forms having come
into existence, the chief examples being found in sev-
eral intermediate states in the genus Gymnogramme,
which of late years have made their appearance in
gardens, and seem to have as good right to be re-
garded as species as the original typical forms first
known. If such changes do actually take place, and
we are to deduce from them that races of intermediate
forms originate in the progress of time and through the
causes above alluded to, then great difficultymust attend
any attempt to define species of Ferns. This is espe-
cially applicable in determining species from extensive
suites of herbarium specimens. The number of species
will be diminished or increased in accordance with the
botanist’s idea of specific differences : he will either
amalgamate a number of allied forms under one specific
name, or separate more or less of them as distinct
species. On inspecting living examples of allied forms,
the latter view seems to claim adoption ; for although
words often fail to convey the differences between
individuals, still the eye readily detects them, and
knowing that each maintains its own peculiar phase or
habit from year to year, the scientific observer con-
siders himself justified in naming them distinct species.
It is a botanical rule to retain the names under which
species are first described, whether continued in their
original genus, or in whatever genus they may after-

66

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

wards be placed. But as many species of Linnaeus,
Swartz, and other old, as well as modern authors,
are but indifferently described, many being derived
from imperfect specimens, and with nothing but the
meagre description left us for their identification, it
frequently happens that some modern author detects,
or supposes he has found out, that the new species of
his contemporary is one of the Linnaean or Swartzian
doubtful species, and faith in his decision being
admitted, familiar names become changed, thus bur-
dening the science with additional synonyms, and
rendering it in many cases impossible to reconcile one
author’s views with another. As an instance of the
different views of authors on the identification of
species and their synonyms, the genus Asplenium is a
good example, it having within these few years, and
near about the same time, been revised by Dr. Mettenius,
Sir W. J. Hooker, and Mr. Moore. The two latter
had the advantage of profiting by Dr. Mettenius’s
views, but in a great many cases I find it quite impos-
sible to reconcile or agree with the views of either.
As an example of the different views, I will cite the
plant known in gardens for the last forty years by the
name of Asplenium Sliepherdii. The above-mentioned
authors place it as a synonym, each under a different-
species and with different synonyms. To show the
impossibility of reconciling one with the other, it will
be sufficient to notice that in the Index Filicum it is
found as one of twenty-three synonyms under Dipia-
zium radicans. Believing as I do that these synonyms
represent several distinct species, and the plant in
question being one of them, I deem it best to retain
it under the name it has been so long known by, and

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 67

which is very well represented in “ Lowe’s Ferns/5
vol. v. p. 47.

These observations briefly explain a few of the causes
of the plurality of names possessed by most Ferns,
also the difficulty of arriving at satisfactory conclusions
respecting their generic and specific distinctions,
affording little hope of an early unanimity amongst
authors, and fully justifying every one who has studied
Pteridology in giving his own views.

This being the case, I have to explain that some
important changes in the relative position of tribes
and genera have been made in the following enumera-
tion, in order to bring natural allied genera together ;
thus Oleandra and the articulated Davallia are now
placed in Epemobrya, which is their proper place.
The tribe Aspidiece I now make a section of the tribe
Phegopteridece, then* former separation being entirely
dependent on the presence or absence of indusia, an
organ not to be depended on in this tribe, when in
many cases I am doubtful even of its value as a generic
i distinction, such as between Didyopteris and Aspidium,

, Goniopteris and Nephrodium, Phegopteris and Lastrea,
these genera containing species perfectly analogous to
I one another in general habit. The fugaceous nature
of the indusium also makes it an organ of less import-
ance than it is generally considered. In many species
it is very small, and is soon lost or obliterated by the
swelling of the sporangia; it is therefore only by
watching living plants while the sori are yet young,
that many species can be proved to be indusiate or
non-indusiate.

I have long been dissatisfied with the position of
H ymenophylleoe as a section of the tribe Dicksonieoe , it

f 2

08

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

having no natural affinity with the typical representative
of that tribe. I have, therefore, characterized them as
a distinct sub-order. Mettenius, in his work on Hyme-
nophyllece, published in 1864, removes them from the
position they have hitherto held between Cyathece and
Gleicheniece, and places them before Polypodiece, as-
signing to them the lowest rank amongst the Ferns ;
in their downward relationship they would border on
mosses. It, however, appears that as far back as the
year 1828 the elder Reichenbach regarded the Hy-
menophyllece as the lowest group of Ferns, and indi-
cated their relationship to be with Hepaticce. But to
discuss the views of these two authors on this subject
would require more space than this work will allow.

These, with a few others, are the principal changes
I have introduced ; more might be made, but as,
without being accompanied with full explanations
showing my reasons, they might be considered un-
necessary, I defer my views on the subject for
another and more general work on the genera of
Ferns, already alluded to.

The limited size of this book does not permit me to
give descriptions of the species; but in order to assist
in referring species to their respective genera, I have
given the general characters and a woodcut of each
genus, and also the principal synonyms, with refe-
rences to one or more published figures. The native
country of each species I have given only in its widest
sense, as many species have a wide geographical distri-
bution, and to state their precise localities would require
much space, and is the less necessary, as the special
localities of each species are given by Sir W. J. Hooker
in his great work, the “ Species Filicum,” now happily

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 69

brought to a close after twenty years’ arduous and
patient study. Another work has also been compiled
during the last few years : I allude to “Lowe’s Ferns.”
It consists of nine volumes,, with 550 plates, containing
figures of about two-thirds of the species in cultivation,
with vague descriptions and many erroneous synonyms.
This is a remarkable work in its way, but devoid of scien-
tific merit ; the figures being the only part worthy of
notice ; many of them are good representations of
species — all such I have quoted ; others are not to be
relied upon, and tend rather to mislead.

In the following pages I have classified Ferns and
certain other Cryptogamic plants, called Fern allies,
under five orders, viz. : —

Order I. Filices. Annulate, or true Ferns.

„ II. Marattiacere. Exannulate. Ferns.

„ III. Opliioglossaceae. Adder’s-tongue. Fern Ally.

„ IV. Lycopodiacece. Lycopods. Fern A lly.

„ Y. Marsileacese. Rhizocarps. Fern Ally

The two first of these orders agree in having cir-
cinate unfolding fronds, but differing essentially in
habit and nature of their spore-cases; in the first, the
spore-cases being membranous, and girded by an ar-
ticulate ring, and the other firm and coriaceous, and
destitute of a ring; they also differ in the nature of
their roots, true Ferns having slender filiform, often
soft, mossy roots, or they are hard and wiry, whereas in
Marattiacece. they are thick and fleshy, indicating quite
a distinct habit of growth from that of true Ferns.
The third order, Ophioglossacece, seems to possess seme
affinity to Marattiacece in the nature of its roots and
spore- cases, but its straight vernation marks it as
quite distinct. With Lycopodiacece it is connected

70

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

through Phylloglossum Drummondii, a singular little
plant, having the appearance of a small plant of Ophio-
glossum Lusitanicum, but with a spike formed of small
bracts containing sporangia in their axis, analogous to
Lycopodiacece ; otherwise the family of Lycojpods stands
quite isolated, appearing to have no very evident
transition forms connecting it with any other except
the extinct order Lepidodendrece : the same may be
said of the last order, Marsileacece.

The most important of the above orders is F 'dices.
Sir W. J. Hooker, in the “ Species Filmum,” describes
two thousand five hundred species of annulate Ferns,
which, with those described since the first publica-
tion of that work, twenty years ago, may now be
considered to amount to no fewer than three thou-
sand. To arrange and classify this mass of species is
no easy task. The chief writers on Ferns adopt the
difference in the position and direction of the ring, as
the first important character for subdividing the order.
This, however, divides it very unequally, the greater
mass having the ring of the spore-case vertical, which ’
characterizes the sub-order Polypodiacece ; this I have
in the following arrangement subdivided into eleven
tribes, as follows : —

Conspectus of Arrangement of Orders, Sub-Orders,
and Tribes.

1. Annulatae. — Sporangia furnished with an articulate elastic ring.

Order I. — Filices.

Frond circinately unfolding. Sporangia furnished with vertical,
horizontal, or sub-oblique ring.

Sub-Order I. — Polypodiacece.

Ping vertical.

GENEEA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 71

Division I. — Eremolrya.

Fronds articulated with the rhizome.

Tribe I. Oleandrecc. — Sori round, medial, intra -marginal.

sium lateral, interiorly attached, or sometimes central
plane.

II. Davallese. — Sori round, terminal, marginal. Indusium
lateral, interiorly attached, vertically urceolate.

III. Polypodece. — Sori round or linear, naked.

Division II. — Desmoirya.

Fronds adherent to the stem.

Tribe IV. Acrosticheae. — Sori amorphous, naked.

V. Grammiteae. — Sori oblong or linear, simple, forked, or
reticulated, naked.

VI. Phegopterideoe. — Sori round, rarely linear, naked or
indusiate. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached or
central, or rarely calyciform.

VII. Pteride*. — Sori marginal, round, or linear and trans-
verse. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached on the
margin.

VIII. Blechnese. — Sori intra-marginal, linear, transverse.
Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached.

IX. Asplenese. — Sori linear, oblique. Indusium lateral.

X. Dicksonese. — Sori marginal, round, or linear and
transverse. Indusium lateral, interiorly attached,
conniving with the changed margin, forming a groove

O O 0 7 O O

or urceolate sub-bivalved cyst.

XI. Cyatheae. — Sori round, intra-marginal. Receptacles
elevated. — Indusium calyciform, or lateral and inte-
riorly attached or absent.

Sub-Order II. — Glcichcniacece.

Ring horizontal. ( Sori intra-marginal.)

Sub-Order III. — Uymenophyllacea:.

Ring horizontal or oblique, ( Sori marginal.)

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sub-Order IV. — Osmundacea.

Bing apical, often rudimentary only.

Tribe I. Schizaeae. — Sporangia produced on contracted racemes,
or on terminal or marginal spike-like appendices, ring
complete.

II. Osmundese. — Sporangia globose. Bing rudimentary
only.

2. Exannulatae. — Sporangia coriaceous, destitute of a ring.

Order II. — Marattiaccce.

Fronds circinate. Sporangia dorsal, free, or connate, opaque,
coriaceous.

Order III. — Ophioglossacea.

Vernation straight, the fronds rising from a root-stock, consisting
of a fascicle (more or less according to age) of fleshy roots. Sporangia
homogeneous, connate on spikes, or free and paniculate.

Order IV. — Lycopodiacece.

Plants with indefinite prolonging, erect or pendulous, stems
furnished with acerose rusciform, or jungermania-like leaves (some-
times very small), bearing 1-3-celled sporangia in their axes, or
on catkin-like spikes.

Order V. — Marsileacece.

Plants floating or growing in water, consisting of grass or trefoil-
like leaves, or branched with imbricate leaves, bearing 1-3, or
many-cclled sporangia at their base or otherwise (see the characters
of the respective genera).

73

AN ENUMERATION

OF

CULTIVATED EEENS.

Order I. — FILICES.

Fronds circinately unfolding, uniform and leafy, bearing
sporangia on their under side or margin (rarely on both sides);
or of two forms, one leafy and sterile, the other wholly, or some
portion of its segments more or less contracted and fertile.
Sporangia membraneous, one-celled, free, furnished with a
vertical, horizontal, or oblique articulated elastic ring.

Sub-Order I.— POLYPODIACEJE.

Sporangia globose or oval, unilocular, pedicellate or sessile,
membraneous, furnished with a vertical ring, and opening at a
right angle to the direction of the ring.

Division I. — Eremobrya.

Fronds in vernation lateral, solitary, attached to the axis
(rhizome) by a special articulation.

* Sort mdusiate.

Tribe I. — OLEANDREiE.

Son round, medial. Indusivm lateral, interiorly attached or
sometimes central, plane.

74

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. OLEANDEA, Cav.

Rhizome surculose or erect, subfrutescent and ramose ; node
of articulation sessile, or more
or less elevated on the stipes.
Fronds simple, entire, linear-
lanceolate, 1 — 11- foot long, smooth
or pilose. Veins simple, or once
or twice forked ; venules free,
parallel, their apices curved out-
wards, forming a narrow car-
tilaginous margin. Receptacles
Genus 1 . — Portion of mature frond punctltorm, medial. Or basal On
—under side. No. t. the anterior venules. Son round,

transversely uniserial, or irregular. Indusium reniform, or
rarely orbicular.

1. O. nodosa, Presl.; Hook. Sp. Fit. 4, p. 157. Lowe's Ferns, 7,
t. 17. Aspidium nodosum, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 136);
Hook. Exot. Fil. 1. 117. Aspidium articulatum, Schk.
Fil. t. 27. — West Indies and Guiana.

2. O. articulata, Presl. Aspidium articulatum, Sw. ( excl .

Syn. Plum, et Schk.). — East Indies, Mauritius, and
iSTatal.

3. O. Wallichii, Presl. ; Hook. Sp. Fid. 4, p. 158. Aspidium

Wallichii, Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 5. Frunze, Fil. t. 19.
Neuroma Asplenioides, D. Don. — East Indies.

4. O. neriiformis, Cav. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 58 ; Lowe's Ferns,

7, t. 16. Aspidium neriiforme, Sw. ; Eunze, Fil. t.
18. Ophiopteris verticillata, Reinw. — Yar. hirtella,
Moore. Oleandra hirtella, Miq. ; Kunze, Fil. i. 129.
Oleandra pilosa, Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 45 B. —
East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Tropical
America.

Tribe II. — DAV ALLIEJE.

Sori round or oblong, terminal, marginal. Indusium lateral,
interior, plane, or its sides more or less adnate, forming a
vertical cyst, open exteriorly.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

•T *■'

/o

2. HUMATA, Cav.

Rhizome surculose, slender, squamiferous. Fronds linear-
lanceolate, entire, sinuose, pinnatifid or
deltoid bipinnatifid, smooth, coriaceous.

Veins simple or forked ; venules free,
often thickened and clavate. Receptacles
terminal, punctiform, on all or only on
the anterior venules of each fascicle.

Son marginal or anti-marginal. Indu-
sium Sub-rotund Or reniform, coriaceous, Genus 2.— Portion of fertile
interiorly attached by its base only, fr°nd— under Slde- No- >•
shorter or equal with the margin, and forming with it a bila-
biate vertical or sometimes oblique cyst.

1. H. heterophylla, J. Sm. ; Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. 1. 114.

Humata ophioglossa, Cav. Humata pinnatifida, Cav.
Davallia heterophylla, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 230 ;
Hoolc. Fil. Exot. t. 27 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, 1. 19 ; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 1, /. 152. — Malayan Archipelago.

2. H. pedata, J. Sm. Davallia pedata, Sm. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,

t. 45 A ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 7. Pachypleura
pedata, Presl. — Malayan Archipelago.

3. H. Cuxningii, J. Sm. Davallia Cumingii, Hook. Sp. Fil.

1, t. 45 B. — Philippine Islands, Ceylon.

3. DAVALLIA, Sm.

Rhizome surculose creeping, or sub-erect and sub-frutescent.
Fronds generally
deltoid, pinnate,
bi-tripinnate, or
multifid, smooth,
often coriaceous.

Veins forked;
venules free, the
fertile ones often

t ery short. Re- Genus 3. — Pinnule of fertile frond — under side. No. 7.
ceptacles puncti-
form, terminal. Sori sub-rotund or vertically oblong, marginal.
Indusium scariose, its sides adnate, forming an urceolate or
tubular vertical cyst, open exteriorly.

7 G FEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Fronds pinnate, pinnae entire or lobed.

1. D. pentaphylla, Flume ; Hook. FU. Fxot. t. 37 ; Kunze,

Fit. 1. 108. Scvphularia pentaphylla, Fee. Stenolobus
pentaphyllus, Presl. Davallia tryphylla, Hook. Sp.
Fil. 1, t. 46 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 18. — Malayan
Archipelago.

** Fronds bi-tripianately compound.

2. D. bullata, Wall. ,• Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 50 B. — East Indies.

3. D. dissecta, J. Sm. ; Moore in Gard. Chron. 1855, p. 469 ;

Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 20. — Malayan Archipelago, (}.
decora, Davallia decora, Moore in Sim’s Cat. —
Java.

4. D. Canariensis, Sm.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 56 A; Lodd.Bot.

Cab. 1. 142. Triehomanes Canariense, Linn. Poly-
podium Lusitanicum, Linn. — South of Europe,
Madeira, and Canary Islands.

5. D. ornata, Wall. Stenolobus ornatus, Presl. Davallia

solida, p. latifolia, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 42 B ; Hook.
Fil. Fxot. t. 57. — Singapore.

6. D. solida, Sic. ; Sclilc. Fil. 1. 126. — Malayan and Polynesian

Islands.

7. D. pyxidata, Cav. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 27 ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

t. 55 C. — Australia.

8. D. Lindleyi, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 58 B. — Xew Zealand ?

9. D. elegans, Sic.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 43 A B ; Loice's Ferns,

8, t. 22. Davallia bidentata, Schk. Fil. t. 127. —
Malayan Archipelago.

10. D. divaricata, Blume. Davallia polyantha, Hook. Sp.

Fil. t. 59 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 23. — Malayan Archi-
pelago.

11. D. elata, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 127 B; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 166,

t. 55 A. — Society Islands, Malayan Archipelago, &c.

12. D. nitidula, Kunze ; Schk. Siqip. Fil. t. 37, /. 2 ; Hook.

Sp. Fil. t. 44 A. D. Kunzii, Hort. — South and West
Africa.

13. D. Vogelii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 59 B. — Fernando Po.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

77

4. LEUCOSTEGIA, Presl.

Rhizome thick, short, surculose, sometimes
Fronds deltoid, tripinnatifid, or
multifid, sometimes lanceolate
and bipinnatifid. Veins forked ;
venules free, the anterior ones
often very short. Receptacles
terminal, superficial, or immersed
on the exterior venules. Sori
round. Indusium sub-reniform,
oblong, or nearly orbicular,
plane, interiorly attached by its
broad base, equal with or shorter
than the margin, thin, scariose.

nypogmous.

Genus 4. — Fertile pinna.

* Rhizome epigeeous squamose.

1. L. hirsuta, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Microlepia hirsuta,
Moore. Davallia ciliata. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 184, t.
60 A. — Luzon.

2 L. Borneensis, J. Sm.; Hephrodium (Lastrea) Borneense,
Hook. Sp.Fil. 4, p. Ill; nook. Ic. PI. t. 993. — Borneo.

3. L. parvula, J. Sm. Davallia parvula. Wall. ; Hook ct

Grev. Ic. Fil.f. 138. — Malayan Islands, Singapore.

4. L. pulchra, J. Sm. Davallia pulchra, D. Don. Acro-

phorus pulchra, Moore Ind. Fil. (excl. syn. Davallia
chserophylla) .—Is epal.

5. L. chserophylla, J. Sm. Davallia chaerophylla, Wall. ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 157, t. 51 A. Acrophorus chacro-
phyllus, Moore. Humata chserophylla, Mcltin. Fil.
Hort. Dips. t. 27, /. 9, 10. — East Indies. T.

6. L.. affinis, J. Sm. Davallia affinis, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 158,

t. 52 B. Acrophorus affinis, Moore. Humata
affinis, Mett. Fil. Hort. Dips. t. 27, /. 5, 6. — Ceylon,
Singapore, Philippine Islands.

*# Rhizome liypogceous. Fronds deciduous.

7. L. immersa, Presl. ; J. Sm. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 52 A.

Davallia immersa, Wall. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 79.
Acrophorus immersus, Moore. Humata immersa
Hhettin. — East Indies.

78

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

** Sori naked.

Tribe III.— POLYPODIES, J.Sm.

Sori round, oblong, or linear, destitute of a special indusium,

5. POLYPODIUM, Linn, in part.

Rhizome generally short and thick, sometimes sub-hypogasous.
Fronds pinnatifid, pinnate, or bi-tripinnatifid, rarely simple,
smooth, villose, or squamiferous, from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high.
Veins forked, very rarely simple; venules free. Receptacles
punctiform, superficial, terminal on the lower anterior venules.
Sori round or rarely oval, transversely uniserial or solitary on
laciniae.

Genus 5. — Portion of mature frond. No. 7.

* Fronds pinnatifid.

1. P. pectinatum, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 83; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 21. — Tropical
America.

2. P. Paradisese, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 11 ; Loive’s Ferns,

2, 1. 1. P. Otites, Hort. ( non Linn.). — Brazil.

3. P. Schkuhrii, Radd. Fil. liras, t. 27. P. pectinatum,

Schk. Fil. t. 17 G ( excl . syn.). P. plumula, Moore
and Houlst. ( non Humh.). P. plumosum, Hort. —
Brazil.

4. P. Martensii, Mett. P. affine, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t.

8, /. 1 (not Plume). — Mexico.

5. P. vulgare, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 2 ; Eng. Pot.

1149; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 1 ,/.
A, P, C, D ; Bolt. Fil. Brit. t. 18 ; Sowerhy, Ferns of
Gr. Brit. 1. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 79

Var. Cambricum, Willd. ; Bolt. Fil. Brit. t. 2, f.
5 A ; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 3, /. A.
P. Cambricum, Linn.

Var. semilacerum, Link. ; Lindl. and Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, t. 2 A (bis). P. vulgare, var. Hiber-
nicum, Sowerby, Ferns of Gr. Brit. t. 10.

Var. acutum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns,

t. 1 E.

Var. serratum, Willd.; Lindl. and Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, t. 2 B (bis).

Var. crenatum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 3 B.

Var. bifidum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns,

t.lF.

Var. crist at urn, Linn. ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 26 B.

6. P. plebejum, Schlecht.; Hook. Gard . Ferns, t. 48; Lowe’s

New Ferns, t. 33. P. Kav-winskianum, A. Braun;
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Tropical America. T.

** Fronds pinnate.

7. P. Henchmanii, J. Sm. ; Moore and Houlst. in May. of

Bot. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 30. P. fraternum, J. Sm. Cat.
Cult. Ferns, 1857 (? Schlecht.). — Mexico.

8. P. subpetiolatum, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 391, 392. P. biser-

ratum, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Me x. t. 9,/. 1. — Mexico.

1. P. sororium, II. B.K. — West Indies and Tropical America.

6. LEPICYSTIS, J. Sm.

Bhizome short and rigid, or slender and surculose. Fronds
pinnatifid, 6 — 18 inches high, densely covered with round or
elongated ciliated scales. Veins pinnately forked, anastomosing,

Genus 6.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3.

80

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

lower exterior venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal
on the free venules in the costal areoles. Sori round, transverse,
uniserial, protruding through the dense scales.

1. L. incana, J. Sm. Polypodium incanum, Siv. P. velatum,

Schk. Fil. t. 11 IS. — Tropical America and Southern
United States.

2. L. sepulta, J. Sm. Polypodium sepultum, Kaulf. ; Loive's

Ferns, 1, t. 34 A. P. rufulum, Presl. P. hirsutissimum,
Rad. Fil. Bras. t. 26. Acrostichum lepidopteris, Lang. ]
et Fisch.Ic.Fil. t. 2. — Tropical America.

3. L. squamata, J. Sm. Polypodium squamatum, Linn.

(Plum. Fil. t. 79) Lowe' s New Ferns, i. 34. — West
Indies.

4. L. rhagadiolepis, J. Sm. Goniophlebium rhagadiolepis,

Fee, Mem. Polypod. t. 19,/. 3. Polypodium thysano-
lepis, A. Braun. — Tropical America. T.

7. GONIOPHLEBIUM, Presl; J. Sm.

Rhizome thick and fleshy, or slender and sub-hypogaeous.
Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple, uniform, 1 — 3 feet
high, smooth or slightly pubescent, segments and pinnae adhe-
rent with the rachis. Veins ODce or more times forked, or equally
pinnate, the lower anterior venule always free, the rest angu-
larly anastomosing, and generally producing an excurrent free
veinlet from the junctions. Receptacles punctiform, superficial,
terminal on the anterior free venules and also often on the

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

81

excurrent veinlets. Sori round, or rarely oblong, solitary in tbe
areoles, or transverse, 1-6-serial, naked.

* Fronds pinnati fid.

1. G. appendiculatum, Moore in Gard. Chron. (1856). Poly-

podium appendiculatum, Linden ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns, 1857, p. 2 ; Hook. Fil. Fxot. t. 87. P. scriptum,
Hort. P. sculptum, Hort. — Venezuela and Mexico.

2. G. plectolepis, Moore. Polypodium (Gonioplilebium) plec-

tolepis, Hoolc. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 30. — Dominica, Mexico.

3. G. loriceum, J. Sm. Polypodium loriceum, Linn.; Plum.

Fil. t. 78. Polypodium gonatodes, Kunze. Gonio-
phlebium latipes, Moore and Houlst. P. latipes,
Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 10. — Tropical America.

4. G. Catharinse, J. Sm. Polypodium Catharinm, Lang, et

Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 9. — Brazil.

5. G. glaucum, J.Srn. Polypodium glaucum, Radd. Fil. Lras.

t. 29, /. 1. — Brazil.

6. G. harpeodes, J. Sm. Polypodium harpeodes, Lin!:. —

Brazil.

7. G. colpodes, J. Sm. Polypodium colpodes, Kunze ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 2, t. 60. — Venezuela.

8. G. lsetum, J. Sm. Polypodium lcetum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t.

28. — Brazil.

9. G. vacillans, J. Sm. Polypodium vacillans, Link. — Brazil.

** Fronds pinnate.

10. G. fraxinifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium fraxinifolium,

J acq. Ic. Bar. t. 639. P. longifolium, Presl. — Tropical
America.

11. G. distans, J. Sm. Polypodium distans , Radd. Fil. Bras.

t. 31. P. polystickum, Link. P. deflexum, Lodd. —
Tropical America.

12. G. menisciifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium menisciifolium,

Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. 1. 12. P. albopunctatum, Radd.
Fil. Bras. t. 30 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 36. Goniophle-
bium albopunctatum, J. Sm. — Brazil.

13. G. dissimile, J. Sm. Polypodium dissimile, Linn., non

Schk.; Loive’sFcrns, 2, t. 35. Gonioplilebium cbnoodes,
Fee. — Jamaica.

G

82

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

14. G. insequale, J. Sm. Phlebodium inmquale, Hoove. Poly-

podium inaequale, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 28. Polypodium
(Goniophlebium) Guatemalense, Hook. — Guatemala.

15. G. neriifolium, J. Sm. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 70 B. Poly-

podium neriifolium, Schk. Fil. 1. 15 ; Badd. Fil. Bras,
t. 31 bis. — West Indies and Tropical America.

8. SCHELLOLEPIS, J. Sm.

Vernation contiguous or distant. Rhizome slender, sub-hypo-
geous. Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid, generally slender and
pendulous, 11-12 feet long, smooth or nearly so ; pinnae and
segments articulated with the rachis. Veins once or more times

Genus 8. — Portion of pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 3.

forked or pinnate ; the lower exterior venules always free, the
rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, generally
immersed, on the apices of the lower free venules. Sori round,
solitary in the areoles, transverse uniserial, furnished with indu-
siform laciniate scales.

1. S. cuspidata, J. Sm. Polypodium cuspidatum, BL, not Don.

Goniophlebium cuspidatum, Presl. P. grandidens,
Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leipsic. t. 23. P. colpo-
tlirix, Kunze. Goniophlebium argutum. Cat. Hort.
Kew., not Polypodium argutum, Wall. — Java.

2. S. subauriculata, J. Sm. Polypodium subauriculatum,

Bl. FI. .Jav. 6, t. 83. Goniophlebium subauriculatum,
Presl. P.Beinwardtii, Kunze. P. metamorphum, Kunze.
Goniophlebium Pleopeltis, jPJe.-Malayan Archipelago.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

83

3. S. verrucosa, J. Sm. Polypodium verrucosum, Wall. ;

Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 41. Marginaria verrucosa.
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 14, 10 B. Gonioplilebium verru-
cosum, J. Sm. Cat. (1857). — Malacca.

9. PHLEBODIUM, B. Br. ; J. Sm.

Rhizome thick and fleshy. Fronds large, 2-6 feet high,
pinnatifid or subpinnate, membranous, smooth or glaucous.
Veins pinnate ; venules arcuately or angularly anastomosing,

Genus 9.— Portion of pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

producing two or three excurrent veinlets terminating in the
iireoles ; the costal areoles always vacant. Receptacles puncti-
form, on the combined apices of the excurrent veinlets. Sori
round, transversely 1—6-serial, destitute of scales.

1. P. aureum, R.Br. Polypodium aureum, Linn. ; Blum. Fil.

t. 76; Sclik. Fil. t. 12. — Tropical America.

2. P. sporodocarpum, J. Sm. Polypodium sporodocarpum,
Willd. Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 6. P. glaucum, Hurt. —
Mexico.

3. P. areolatum, J. Sm. Polypodium areolatum, Willd. —
V enezuela.

G 2

81

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. P. pulvinatum, J. Sm. Polypodium pulvinatum, Link ;

Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 56.— Brazil.

5. P. dictyoeallis, J. Sm. Chrysopteris dictyocallis, Fee.

Polypodium dictyocallis, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 36. Phle-
bodium multiseriale, Moore, Gurd. Chron. (1855). —
Tropical America.

10. LOPHOLEPIS, J. Sm.

Rhizome slender, much elongated. Fronds simple, entire,
1-6 inches high, squamose or smooth ; the fertile contracted,
linear. Veins pinnately forked ; the lower anterior venules free.

Genus 10. — Portion of rhizome and barren fronds. No. 1.

the rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, ter-
minal on the free venules in the costal areoles. Son round,
generally confluent, transversely uniserial, furnished with
elongated scales, or destitute of scales.

1. L. piloselloides, J. Sm. Polypodium piloselloides, Linn.

(Plum. Fil. t. 118) ; Ho oh. Gard. Ferns, t. 18 ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 1, f. 32. Goniophlebium piloselloides, <7. &/».

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

85

(olim). Marginaria piloselloides, Presl. ; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 51. — West Indies and Tropical America.

2. L. ciliata, J. Sm. Polypodium ciliatum, Willd. ; Gonio-

phlebium ciliatnm, J. Sm. (olim). — West Indies and
Tropical America.

3. L. vaecinifolia, J. Sm. Polypodium vaccinifolium, Lang.

et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 7 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 41. Ana-
peltis vaecinifolia, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).
Gonioplilebium vaccinifolium, J. Sm. Cat. Kew Ferns,
(1846). — Brazil.

/3 albida, J. Sm. Fronds smaller, whitish on the upper
surface. — Bahia.

11. ANAPELTIS, J. Sm.

Rhizome surculose, elongating. Fronds simple, 1—6 inches long,
the fertile usually contracted and linear, smooth, generally
opaque. Veins arcuately or angularly anastomosing. Recep-

tacles punctiform, produced on the confluent apices of two or
more excurrent veinlets terminating in the medial areoles, or
sometimes compital. Sori round or ovate, transversely uniserial,
naked.

1. A. serpens, .7. Sm. Polypodium serpens, Sw. ; Plum.

Fil. t. 121. Pleopeltis serpens, Presl. Goniophlc-
bium serpens, Moore. — West Indies.

86 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. A. Owariensis, J. Sm. Polypodium Owariense, Dcsv.;

Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 62. Goniophlebium Owariense,
Lodd. — Sierra Leone.

3. A. lycopodioides, J. Sm. Polypodium lycopodioides,

Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 119. Pleopeltis lycopodioides,
Presl. — West Indies.

4. A. nitida, J. Sm. En. Fil. Sort. Eew. (1846). Pleopeltis

nitida, Moore. — Honduras.

5. A. stigmatica, J. Sm. Polypodium stigmaticnm, Presl.

Eel. Scenic, t. 3 , /. 2. Pleopeltis stigmatica, Presl.
Phlebodium venosum, Moore et lloulst. Anapeltis
venosa, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Poly-
podium venosum, Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 35. — Tropical
America.

C. A. squamulosa, J. Sm. Polypodium squamulosum, Kaulf. ;

Loire's Feims, 1, t. 50; 2, t. 29 B. Pleopeltis
squamulosa, Presl. Polypodium myrtifolium, Lodd.
— Brazil.

7. A. geminata, J. Sm. Polypodium geminatum, Schrad.;
Metten. Polypodium iteopbyllum. Link. — Brazil.

12. PLEOPELTIS, Hurnb. ; J. Sm.

Genus 12. — Portion of mature
Irond, under side. No. l.

Ellizome surculose, elongating.
Fronds simple, sinuose, or pinnatifid,
4-12 inches high, opaque, squami-
ferous. Veins arcuately anastomos-
ing. Sporangia produced on the con-
fluent apices of two or more excurrent
veinlets, terminating in the medial
areoles. Son punctiform, oblong, or
(by confluence) linear, transversely
uniserial, furnished with indusiform
peltate scales.

1. P. percussa, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 67. Poly podium per -
cussurn, Cav. ; Lang, et Fisch.Ic. Fil. t. 6. Poly-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS.

87

podium cuspidatum, Presl. Reliq. Kcenk. t. 1,/. 3.
Polypodium avenium, Besv. — Tropical America.

2. P. laneeolata, Presl. Polypodium lanceolatum, Linn.;

Plum. Fil. t. 137. Polypodium macrocarpum, Willd.
Pleopeltis macrocarpa, Eaulf. Pleopeltis lepidota,
Presl. Pleopeltis Helense, Presl. — Tropical America,
St. Helena, South Africa, and Bourbon.

3. P. elongata, •/. 8m. Grammitis elongata, Sw. Synammia

elongata, Presl. Grammitis laneeolata, Schk. Fil. t. 7.
— Tropical America.

4. P. nuda, Hoolc. Fxot. FI. t. 63 {non Hook. Gen. Fil.). Phy-

matodes (Lepisorus) nuda, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns
(1857). Polypodium loriforme. Wall. Kook. Gavel.
Ferns, t. 18. Pleopeltis loriformis, Presl. ; Drynaria
Fortunei, T. Moore ( non Link). Polypodium leio-
pteris, Eunze; Metten. Fil. Kort. Leip. t. 25, f. 37. —
East Indies.

5. P. excavata, J. 8m. Polypodium excavatum, Lory in

Willd. Phymatodes (Lepisorus) excavata, J. Sm.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium scolopendrinum,
B. Bon. Polypodium sesquipedalis, Wall. Poly-
podium phlebodes, Eunze ; Pleopeltis nuda, Kook.
Gen. Fil. t. 18 ( non Kook. Fxot. FI.). — East Indies,
Mauritius, and China.

13. PARAGEAMMA, Illume.

Rhizome short, caespitose or slender
elongated. Fronds simple, linear-
lanceolate, obtuse, j to 1| foot in
length, smooth, coriaceous. Veins
compound anastomosing, internal, ob-
scure, nearly uniform. Receptacles
compital, deeply immersed, forming
oblong or short linear cysts near to,
and parallel with, the margin. Sori
oblong-linear, marginal, furnished
with indusioid stipitate squamae.

Genus 13. — Portion of mature
frond, under side. No. l.

88

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. P. longifolia, Moore, Ind, Fil, Grammatis (Paragramma)
longifolia et decun-ens, Plume. Drynaria revoluta,
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Pliymatodes longifolia, J. Sm.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium contiguum,
Wall. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 987 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 20.
-Malacca, Moulmein, Java, and Luzon.

14. NIPHOPSIS, J. Sm.

Genus 14.— Portion of barren frond. No.

Phizome slender, suvculose.
Fronds simple, linear-lan-
ceolate, coriaceous, opaque,
densely covered with stellate
pubescence, 6 inches to 1 foot
in length. Veins internal,
obscure, compound anasto-
mosing; primary veins indis-
tinct. Receptacles compital.
Sori oval, large, transverse
uniserial.

1. N. angustatus, J. Sm. Lowe's New Ferns, t. 38 A. Poly-
podium angustatum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 8 c. Pleo-
peltis angustata, Presl. Niphobolus angustatus,
Spreng. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 20. K iphobolus
sphaerocephalus, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 94.
Polypodium sphaerocephalum, Wall. Phymatodes
sphaerocephalus, Presl. Niphobolus macrocarpus,
Hook, et Am. — Malayan Archipelago.

15. DICTYMIA, J. Sm.

Rluzomes short. Fronds simple, linear or
lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, 6-12 inches
long. Veins reticulated, uniform, obscure.
Receptacles punctiform, compital. Sori oval,

transverse uniserial, destitute of scales.

Genus 15. — Poition
ol fertile Ironu.

No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

89

1. D. attenuata, J. 8m. En. Fil. Fort. Kew. (1846). Poly-
podium attenuatum, R. Br. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 30
(not Hook. Ic. PI. t. 409). Dictyopteris attenuata,
Presl. ( not Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 71). — New South Wales
and Yictoria.

16. DRYMOGLOSSUM, Presl. ; J. 8m.

Rhizome slender, surculose. Fronds simple, entire, 1-4
inches long, of two forms, the sterile subrotund-elliptical, the

Genus 16.— Barren and fertile frond, slightly enlarged. No. 1.

fertile contracted, linear. Veins obscure; venules compoundly
anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear,
continuous, transverse, intra-marginal, furnished with stellate
indusioid scales.

1. D. piloselloides, PresZ. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 46. Pteris
piloselloides, Linn. Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 2, /. 3 ; Schk.
Fil. t. 87.— East Indies.

90

PEEK'S : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

17. NEVRODIUM, Fee.

Rhizome short, caespitose. Fronds simple, entire, 6-12
inches long, lanceolate, thick and fleshy, the fertile portion
somewhat contracted. Veins obscure; venules compoundly
anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear,

Genus 1“.— Portions of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

continuous, transverse marginal, on the upper portion of the
fronds destitute of scales.

1. N. lanceolatum, Fee, Gen. Fit. t. 8 c. Lowe’s Ferns, 2,
t. 64 A. Pteris lanceolata, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 132).
Tmnitis lanceolata, R. Rr. Drymoglossum lanceola-
tum, J. Stn. ( olim ). Pteropsis lanceolata, Lesv.;

IIoolc. Fil. Exot. t. 45. — West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

91

18. DICRANOGLOSSUM, J. Sm.

Rhizome short, caespitose. Fronds
contiguous, furcately-pinnatifid, 6—12
inches high, coriaceous, sparsely squa-
miferous, segments lanceolate-cuspidate,
the fertile slightly contracted. Veins
obscure, simple, or forked, free, or their
apices arcuately anastomosing, forming
linear transverse superficial receptacles,
which, by contiguity, constitute a con-
tinuous or interrupted, linear, intra-
marginal, naked sorrs.

1. D. furcatum, J. Sm. ; Rot. Voy.

Herald. Pteris furcata,
Linn. ; Plum. Fil. t. 114.
Taenitis furcata, Willd. ;
Hook, et Ch-ev. Ic. Fil. t. 7.
Pteropsis furcata, Presl. ;
J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841. Cus-
pidaria furcata, Fee, Gen.
Fil. t. 8 A, f. 2 — West
Indies and Tropical America.

Genus 18. — Portion of fertile
frond, under side. No. 1.

19. HYMENOLEPIS, Kaulf.

Rhizomes short, caespitose. Fronds simple, 6-12 inches long,

Genus 1 9.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size; ditto fertile and sterile,
enlarged. No. 1.

92

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, the upper portion con-
tracted and fertile, plicate and indusiform, forming a linear
spike. Veins obscure ; venules compoundly anastomosing.
Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear, continuous, trans-
verse, on the uj>per portion of the fronds confluent, furnished
with numerous suborbicular hyaline scales.

1. H. spicata, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 78 ; Lowe's Ferns,

2, t. 64 B. Acrostichum spicatum, Linn. ; Sm. Ic.
ined. t. 49. Lomaria spicata, T Villd. Gymnopteris
spicata, Presl. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fit. Hymenolepis ophio-
glossoides, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 47, f. 1. Hymeno-
lepis revoluta, Bl. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 47, /. 2. — Malayan
Archipelago.

2. H. brachystachys, J. Sm. H. spicata, var. brachysta-

chys. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 3. Taenitis ophioglos-
soides, Hort. Lips. — Malayan Archipelago.

20. LEPTOCHILUS, Kaulf.

Rhizomes short and crespitose, or long, slender, and surculose.
Fronds 6—18 inches long, of two forms : the sterile simple, lobed,
or pinnatifid, smooth; the fertile contracted, linear-rachiform,
its margin revolute and indusiform. Veins of sterile frond evi-

dent, straight or flexuose, pinnate ; venules compoundly anas-
tomosing. Receptacles elongated compital. Sorus linear, con

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

93

tinuons, uniserial, on each side of the costa, ultimately con-
Huent, destitute of scales.

1. L. decurrens, III. ; Fee, Mem. Acrost. t. 48, /. 1. Anapau-

sia decurrens, Presl. Gymnopteris decurrens, J. Sm.
(olim) ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 6. — Ceylon and Ma-
layan Archipelago.

2. L. axillaris, Kaulf. Fn. Fil. t. 1, /. 10. Acrostichum

axillare, Cav. Gymnopteris axillaris, Presl. — East
Indies.

21. PHYMATODES, Presl; J. Sm.

Rhizome generally thick, short or much elongated, becoming
smooth. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, smooth, coria-
ceous or membranous, segments adherent with the rachis.

Genus 21.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 2.

Veins compound anastomosing, internal, obscure or evident;
primary veins generally undefined or evanescent. Receptacles
compital, generally deeply immersed. Sori round or oval,
large, transversely uniserial or irregular, naked.

* Fronds simple or pinnatifid.

1. P. pustulata, Presl. Polypodium pustulatum, Forst.

Schk. Fil. t. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, f. 8. Pleopeltis
pustulata, Moore. — New Zealand.

2. P. Billardieri, Presl. Polypodium Billardieri, R. Rr.

Pleopeltis Billardieri, Moore. Polypodium scandens,
Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 240. Polypodium diversifolium.

04

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Willd. Polypodium lepidopodum, Link. — Tasmania,
and New Zealand.

3. P. terminalis, J. Sm. Chrysopteris terminalis, Link. —

East Indies.

4. P. peltidea, J. Sm. Chrysopteris peltidea, Link. Poly-

podium peltideum, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 42. Poly-
podium phymatodes, Schk. Fil. t. 17. — East Indies.

5. P. nigrescens, J. Sm. Polypodium nigrescens, Flume,

Fil. Jav. t. 70 ; Hook. Fil. Exoi. t. 22. Phymatodes
saccata, J. Sm. Cat, Cult. Ferns (1857), j?. 9. — Malayan
and Pacific Islands.

6. P. vulgaris, Presl. Polypodium phymatodes, Linn. ; Jacq.

Ic. t. 637 ; Schk. Fil. t. 9. Pleopeltis phymatodes,
Moore (in part). — Ceylon, South and West Africa,
and Mauritius.

7. P. longipes, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846). Chry-

sopteris longipes, Link. Polypodium phymatodes,
Schk. Fil. t. 8 d. — Malayan Archipelago.

8. P. glauca, J. Sm. Drynaria (Phymatodes) glauca, J. Sm.

En. Fil. Phil. Pleopeltis glauca, Moore. — Luzon.

9. P. incurvata, J. Sm. Polypodium incurvatum, Plume,

Fil. Jav. t. 65. Pleopeltis incurvata, Moore. — Java.

10. P. longissima, J. Sm. Polypodium longissimum, PI. Fil.

Jav. 6, t. 68. Pleopeltis longissima, Moore. Drynaria
melanococca, Moore and Houlst. Polypodium me-
lanoneuron, Miq. Drynaria rubida, J. Sm. En. Fil.
Phil. — Malayan Archipelago.

Fronds pinnate.

11. P. leiorhiza, Presl. Polypodium leiorhizon, Wall.; Hook.

Fil. Exot. t. 25. Pleopeltis leiorhiza, Moore. Phy-
matodes cuspidata, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857),
p. 10 (excl, syn. Lon.). — East Indies.

12. P. albo-squamata, J. Sm. Polypodium albo-squama-

tum, Plume, Fil. Jav. t, 57 ; Hook. Card. Ferns, t. 47.
Pleopeltis albo-squamata, Presl. — Java and Borneo.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS.

95

22. PLEURIDIUM, Fee ; J. Sm.

Rhizome short or elongating. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or
pinnate, coriaceous, firm, marginate ; segments articulated with

Genus 22. — Portion of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

the rachis. Veins compound anastomosing ; primary veins
evident, elevated, costaeform, straight. Receptacles compital.
Sori round or oval, or by confluence oblong, transversely uni-
serial or obliquely 1-2-serial.

* Fronds simple.
f Sori obliquely uniserial.

1. P. crassifolium, Fee. Polypodium crassifolium, Linn.;

Plum. Fil. t. 123. Anaxetum crassifolium, Schott.
Gen. Fil. t. 1. Polypodium coriaceum, Radd. Fil .
Bras. t. 25. — Tropical America.

2. P. albo-punctatissimum, J. Sm. Polypodium albo-

punctatissimum, Linden’s Cat. (1860). — Tropical
America.

3. P. crassinervium, J. Sm. Polypodium crassinervium,

Blume, FI. Lav. t. 61. — Java.

ff Sori obliquely biserial.

4. P. rupestre, Fee. Polypodium rupestre, Blume, FI. Jav.

t. 55,/. 2; t. 60,/. 1-3. — Java and Luzon.

5. P. triquetrum, J. Sm. Polypodium triquetrum, Blume,

FI. Jav. t. 69. — Java.

9G

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

** Fronds pinnatijid or pinnate.
f Son transversely uniserial.

6. P. palmatum, J. Sm. Poljpodium palmatum, Bl. FI.

Jav. t. 64. — Java.

7. P. oxyloba, Fresl. Polypodium oxylobum, Wall. Poly-

podium (Phymatodes) oxylobum, Hooik. Sp. Fil. —
East Indies.

8. P. angustatum, J. Sm. Polypodium angustatum, Blume,

FI. Jav. t. 62. Polypodium Lindleyanum, Wall. —
Penang, Java.

9. P. juglandifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium juglandifolium,

I). Don., non Uumb. Polypodium capitellatum, Wall.
Polypodium Wallichianum, Spr. — East Indies. T.

ff Sori oblique , biserial.

10. P. venustum, J. Sm. Polypodium venustum, Wall. —

East Indies. T.

23. SELLIGTJEA, Bory.

Illlizome slender, elongating epigeous and squamose, or sub-

Ger.us 23.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size No. 2.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 97

hypogeous and naked. Fronds stipate, 1-2 feet long, simple,
linear lanceolate or broad elliptical, rarely pinnatifid, smooth,
opaque, the fertile longer than the sterile, and often sub-con-
tracted. Primary veins costaeform, straight; venules com-
pound, anastomosing with free veinlets terminating in the
areoles. Receptacles compital, elongated, oblique, forming a
continuous or sub-interrupted linear sorus between the primary
veins.

* Fronds simple.

1. S. caudiforme, J. Sm. Polypodium caudiforme, Plume ,

Fil. Jav. t. 54, f. 2. Grammitis (Selliguea) caudi-
formis, FLodk. Bot. Mag. t. 5328. Gymnogramma
(Selliguea) caudiformis, Hoolc. Sp. Fil. — Java.

** Fronds pinnatifid.

2. S. pothifolia, J. Sm. in Fn. Fil. Phil. Hemionitis po-

thifolia, Don. Grammitis decurrens. Wall. ; Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 6. Gymnogramma (Selliguea)
decurrens, Hook. Sp. Fil. — India, Japan, Philippine
and Fiji Islands.

24. COLYSIS, Fred. ; Fie.

Rhizome short, sub-hypogeous. Fronds simple lobed or

Genus 24.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No I.
H

98

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pinnatifid, generally membranous, flaccid, 1-3 feet long. Veins
compound anastomosing ; primary veins costaeform, elevated or
internal, generally flexuose, sometimes obsolete. Receptacles
compital, superficial. Sori round, or by confluence oblong or
linear, irregular or obliquely 1-2-serial.

1. C. membranacea, •/. Sm. Polypodium membranaceum,
Don. Polypodium liemionitideum, Wall. ; Lowe's
Ferns, 2, t. 7. Colysis bemionitidea, Presl. ; Fee.
Hemionitis plantaginea, Don. Polypodium gran-
difolium, Wall.— East Indies.

2 C. Spectra, J. Sm. Polypodium spectrum, Kaulf. Poly-
podium Thouinianum, Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. t. 5,
f. 1. — Sandwich Islands.

25. MICROSORUM, Link; Fee.

Rhizome short, subhypogeous. Fronds simple, entire or
irregularly sinuose, coriaceous, smooth, 1-3 feet long Veins

Genus 25. — Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 1.

compound anastomosing, internal ; primary veins obscure.

Receptacles compital, superficial. Sori round, small, numerous,

irregular, sometimes subconfluent.

1. M. irioid.es, Fee. Polypodium irioides, Foir. ; Hooli. ct
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 125. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 4. Poly-
podium polycaphalum, Wall. Microsorum irregulare,
Link ; Fee. Microsorum sessile, Fee. — /3 apex of
fronds crested. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago,
Australia, and Trinidad.

AX ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 99

26. NIPHOBOLTJS, Kaulf.; J. 8m.

Rhizome short or elongated and surculose. Fronds simple,
linear-lanceolate, oblong-elliptical, or obovate-subrotund, rarely
lobed, from less than an inch to three or four feet long, thick
and fleshy or coriaceous, covered with sessile or stipulate stellate
pubescence; the fertile usually more or less contracted and

Genus 26. — Portion of rhizome, with a barren frond. No. 3.

longer than the sterile. Veins obscure, undefined, or evident
and costseform ; venules compound anastomosing. Receptacles
punctiform, immersed, terminal or medial on simple or brachi-
ate free veinlets, or compital. Sort round or oval, sub-trans-
verse multiserial between the primary veins, or irregular and
confluent, protruding through the dense stellate pubescence.

H 2

100

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Eliizomes elongated, surculose. Fronds distant. Primary
veins undefined.

1. N. rupestris, Spr. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 93 ,• Lowe's

Ferns, 1, t. 20. Polypodium rupestre, It. Br. Cras-
pedaria rupestris. Link. — Australia. Tr.

2. N. bicolor, Kaulf.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 41. — Xew

Zealand. Tr.

3. N. adnascens, Kaulf. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 19. Poly-

podium adnasceus, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 2, f. 2. Nipho-
bolus pertusus, Spr. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 21. Poly-
podium pertusum, Iloxb. ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 102. —
East Indies.

4. N. Lingua, Spr. ; Kunze in Schk. Fil.Supp. t. 63. Loire's

Ferns, 1, t. 22. Acrostichum Lingua, Thunb. Fil.
Jap. t. 33 ; Schk. Fil. t. 1. Polypodium Lingua, Sw. ;
Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 5. Cyclophorus Lingua,
JDesv. Polycampium Lingua, Presl. Nipliobolus
Sinensis, Hort. — East Indies and China.

** Rhizomes short, ccespitose. Fronds contiguous. Primary
veins generally evident.

5. N. Gardneri, Kunze ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 68 ; Loire's New

Ferns, t. 38 B. Polypodium Gardneri, Met ten. Gen.
Polypodium, p. 129. Niphobolus acrostichoides, Cat.
Fil. Hort. Kew., non Polypodium (Niphobolus) acro-
stichoides, Forst. — Ceylon.

6. N. costatus, Presl. Polypodium costatuin. Wall. — East

Indies.

27. CAMPYLONEURUM, Presl.

Rhizome short and caespitose or elongated, often subhypo-
geous. Fronds simple or very rarely pinnate, coriaceous, rigid,
smooth, 1-2 feet high. Veins costeform or undefined, elevated

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 101

or internal and obscure ; venules arcuately or angularly ana-
stomosing, producing two or more excurrent free veinlets. Re-

ceptacles punctiform, terminal or medial on the free veinlets.
Sori round, obliquely biserial or irregular, destitute of scales.

* Fronds simple.

1. C. ensifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium ensifolium, Willd.

Marginaria ensifolia, Presl. Campy loneurum angus-

tifolium, /3 taeniosuin, Moore. — Tropical America.

2. C. angustifolium, Fee. Polypodium angustifolium, Bio. ;

Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 24, /. 2. Marginaria angustifolia,
Presl. Polypodium dimorphum, Link. Polypodium
leucorhizon, Kit. Polypodium amphostemum, Kunze.
— Tropical America.

3. C. fasciale, Presl. Polypodium fasciale, Hunib. P. lapa-

tliifolium, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 24, /. 3. — Brazil and
Venezuela.

4. C. rigidum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857), p. 13. C. luci-

dum, Moore. Polypodium nitidum, Hoolc. Fil. Exot.
t. 12 ( excl . syn.).- — -Tropical America.

5. C. repens, Presl. ; Hoolc. Gen. Fil. t. 71 A. Polypodium

repens, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 134. C. caespitosum,
Link ; J. Sm. Cat. (1857). Polypodium caespitosum,
Link ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 24, /. 4, 5. — Tropical
America.

102

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

6. C. Phyllitidis, Fresl. Polypodium Phyllitidis, Linn. ;

(Plum. Fil. t. 130). — Tropical America.

7. C. nitidum, Fresl. Polypodium nitidum, Kaulf. Cam-

py loneurum latum, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 225. — Tropical
America.

8. C. brevifolium, Link. Polypodium brevifolium, Link ;

Mitt. Fil. Sort Lips. — Tropical America.

** Fronds pinnate.

9. C. decurrens, Fresl. Polypodium decurrens, Radd. Fil .

Eras. t. 33. Polypodium polyantkos, Hod. Brux. —
Brazil.

28. DRYNARIA, Bory ; J. Sm.

Rhizome short, thick, and fleshy. Fronds rigid ; the sterile
(when present) sessile, broad cordate, sinuose or laciniated; the
fertile stipitate or sessile, pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple,
the segments articulated with the rachis ; when sessile, the base
is similar to the special sterile frond. Veins external, elevated.

Genus 28.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 6.

compound anastomosing, forming quadrate or hexagonal areoles;
primary veins costasform or obsolete. Receptacles compitaL
Sori round, small, numerous, and irregular, or transversely or
obliquely serial, sometimes confluent, forming a linear sorus
between the costaeform veins.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 103

* Sori transversely uniserial.
f Fronds pinnatifid.

1. D. propinqua, 7. Sm. Polypodium propinquum, Wall.

Phymatodes propinqua, Presl. Polypodium Will-
denowii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 35 ; non Bony. — East
Indies.

ft Fronds pinnate.

2. D. diversifolia, J. Sm. Polypodium diversifolium, It. Br. ;

Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 5. Polypodium Gaudichaudi,
Bony ; Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 57. Drynaria pinnata, Fee.
Polypodium glaucistipes, Wall. Drynaria Hilli,
Hort. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Aus-
tralia.

** Sori oblique, uniserial.
f Fronds pinnatifid.

3. D. coronans, J. 8m.; Fee. Polypodium coronans, Wall.;

Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 91. Phymatodes coronans,
Presl. — East Indies and Malacca.

*** Sori oblique, biserial.

4. D. quercifolia, Bory ; Fee. Polypodium quercifolium,

Linn. ; Scldc. Fil. t. 13. Phymatodes quercifolia,
Presl. — East Indies, Mauritius, Malayan Archipelago,
and Australia.

**** Sori numerous, irregular.
f Fronds simple.

5. D. mussefolia, .7. Sm. Polypodium musaefolium, Bl. Fil.

Jav. t. 79. Polypodium microsorum, Metten. Co.t.
Hort. Herrenh. — Malayan Archipelago.

ft Fronds pinnatifid.

6. D. Heraclea, 7. Sm. Polypodium (§ Drynaria) Heracleum,

Kunze; Hoolc. Gard. Ferns, t. 1. Drynaria mor-
hillosa, 7. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Malayan
Archipelago.

104

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Division II. Desmobrya.

Fronds in vernation terminal, uniserial or fasciculate, their
bases adherent and continuous with the stem, which is either
a caudex or sarmentum.

Tribe IV.-ACROSTICHEiE.

Sori undefined (amorphous), naked. Fertile fronds or seg-
ments always more or less contracted ; the under side (or rarely
both sides) densely sporangiferous. Acrostichum, Linn.

§ 1. Elaphoglossece. Fronds ahvays simple. Veins free or
rarely combined at the margin or reticulated.

* Veins free.

29. ELAPHOGLOSSUM, Schott.; J. Sm.

Vei-nation uniserial and sarinentose, or subfasciculate and
decumbent, squamose. Stipes often pseudo-articulate, node

Genus 29. — Portion of barren frond,
under side. No. 3.

Genus 29. — Portion of fertile
frond, under side. No. 3.

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED FERNS. 105

elevated. Fronds simple, entire, from 2 inches to 2| feet high,
smooth or squamose. Veins simple or forked, parallel, direct,
their apices free and clavate. Fertile fronds plain, the under
side sporangiferous.

* Fronds smooth or nearly so.
f Vernation sarmentose. Fronds distant.

1. E. stigmatolepis, J. Sm. Acrostichum stigmatolepis,

Fee, Acrost. t. 24, f. 2. — Ceylon.

2. E. Funckii, J. Sm. Acrostichum Funckii, Fee, Acrost. t. 6,

/. 1. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum) Funckii, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 5 ,p. 205. — Venezuela and Trinidad.

ft Vernation fasciculate, decumbent.

3. E. conforme, Schott. Acrostichum conforme, Sw. Syn.

Fil. t, 1,/. 1. — South Africa and Java.

4. E. callsefolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum calkefolium, Bl. Fil.

Jav. t. 4. — Java.

5 E. Sieberi, J. Sm. Acrostichum Sieberi, Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 237. — Mauritius.

6. E. crassinerve, J. Sm. Acrostichum crassinerve, Kunze. —

Brazil.

7. E. latifolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum latifolium, Sw.; Hook.

Fil. Exot. t. 42. — Tropical America.

8. E. Herminieri, J. Sm. Acrostichum Herminieri, Bory,in

Fee, Acrost. t. 11. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum)
Herminieri, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 216. — Tropical
America and Trinidad.

9. E. microlcpis, J. Sm. Acrostichum microlepis, Kunze. —

Venezuela.

'** Fronds more or less densely squamifcrous.

10. E. piloselloides, J. Sm. Acrostichum piloselloides, Brest.

Eeliq. Haenk. t. 2, /. 1 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 29. —
Tropical America.

106

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

11. E. rubiginosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum rubiginosum,

Fee, Acrost. t. 5, /. 1, et t. 13, /. 1. E. brachyneuron,
J. Sm. Acrostichum brachyneuron, Fee, Acrost. t.
22, f. 1. A. Schiedei, Kunze. A. frigida, Linden. —
Tropical America.

12. E. cuspidatum, J. 8m. Acrostichum cuspidatum, Willd.;

Fee, Acivst. t. 14, /. 2. — West Indies and Tropical
America.

13. E. Blumeanum, J. Sm. En. Fil. Pldl. Acrostichum

Blumeanum, Fee. A. viscosum, JBl. [not Sw.) — Malay
and Philippine Islands.

14. E. museosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum muscosum, Sw. —

West Indies and Tropical America.

15. E. squamosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum squamosum, Sw.

A. liirtum, Sw. A. paleaceum, Hooh. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 235. — Madeira, West Indies and Tropical America.

16. E. vestitum, B. T. Lowe in Hooh. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 235

(A. paleaceum on plate). — Madeira and West
Indies.

*** Fronds fringed or sguaviiferoua at the margin only.

17. E. apodum, Schott. Acrostichum apodum, Hooh. et Grev.

Ic. Fil. t. 99. — West Indies.

18. E. undulatum, J. Sm. Acrostichum undulatum, Willd.

{Plum. Fil. t. 126). — Dominica.

19. E. seolopendrifolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum scolopen-

drifolium, Badd. Fil. Bras. 1. 16. — Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED FERNS.

107

** Veins combined at the margin.

30. ACONIOPTERIS, Presl.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum
short, thick, squamose. Fronds
contiguous, elliptical, lanceolate,

6-12 inches long, smooth or squa-
miferous. Veins simple or forked,
parallel, their apices combined near
the margin by a straight or zig-zag
vein. Fertile frond linear, plane,
wholly sporangiferous on the under
side.

1. A. nervosa, J. Sm. Acrostichum nervosum, JBory.

Aconiopteris subdiaphana, Fresl. Pterid.; Book, et
Fauer. Gen. Fil. t. 79 B. Acrostichum subdiaphanum,
Book, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 205. — St. Helena and
Bourbon.

2. A. longifolia, Fee,Acrost. t. 41. Acrostichum longifolium,

Jacq. {Plum. Fil. t. 135). Elaphoglossum longi-
folium, J. 8m. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Olfersia
longifolia, Presl. — Dominica.

Genus 30.— Portion of mature
frond, under side. No. 2.

*** Veins reticulated, uniform.

31. HYMENODITJM, Fee.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely crinite. Fronds

Genus 31. — Portion of frond, under side. No. l.

108

FERNS : BRITISH AMD FOREIGN.

simple, entire, sqnamiferous. 6-8 inches long. Veins uniform,
reticulated ; areoles large, elongated, trapezoid or hexagonoid.
Fertile fronds broad, densely sporangiferous on the under side.

1. H. crinitum, Fee. Acrosticbum crinitum, Sic. Plum.

Fit. 1. 125 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. i. 1 ; Hook. Fil.
E.cot. t. 6. Dictyoglossum crinitum, J. Sin. Cat.
Kew Ferns, 1846. — West Indies.

32. ANETIUM, Kunze.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum slender, furnished with thin
membranous reticulated shining lanceolate scales. Fronds
distant, simple, oblong-elliptical, acuminate, 6-20 or more
inches long, smooth, membraneous. Veins uniform, reticulated,

Genus 32.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. I.

forming trapezoid or hexagonal transverse elongated areoles.
Receptacles undefined, 1h ; sporangia being thinly scattered or
collected in small irregular groups over the whole under surface
of the frond, or evident on the veins.

1. A. eitrifolium, Splitg. Acrostichium citrifolium, Linn.

Plum. Fil. t. 116. Antrophyum citrifolium, Fee.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 109

Hemionitis citrifolia, Hook. Sp. Fit. — West Indies
and Tropical America.

2. Polybotryce. Vernation generally uniserial, distant or
contiguous. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnate, rarely flabellate,
segments adherent or articulate with the racliis. Veins free or
combined at the margin, or anastomosing in various ways.

* Veins free.
t Segments adherent.

33. RHIPIDOPTERIS, Schott.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum slender, filiform. Fronds
distant, 3-6 inches long, the sterile flabelliform, entire, bi-tri-

Genus 33.— Fertile and barren fronds. No. 1.

lobed or dichotomously multifid. Veins flabellately forked, free.
Fertile frond subrotund, entire or bilobed, sporangiferous on the
under side.

110

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. It. peltata, Schott. Acrostichum peltatum, Sclik. Fil. t. 12
(Plum. Fil. t. 50,/. A). Acrostichum foeniculaceum,
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 119. — West Indies and
Tropical America.

34. MICROSTAPHYLA, Presl.

Vernation decumbent, subfasciculate ; sarmentum short,
squamose. Fronds numerous, contiguous, 3-8 inches high, the
sterile linear-lanceolate, sub-entire, unequally crenate or laci-
niately pinnatifid, glandulose, segments and latinise cuneiform,

Genus 34.— Portion of fertile and barren fronds, natural size. No. 1.

entire or bi-trilobed. Veins simple or forked. Fertile fronds
contracted, shorter and less divided than the sterile, sporan-
giferous on the under side.

1. M. bifurcata, Presl. Fpim, Acrostichum bifurcatum, Sw. ;

Hook. 2nd Cent, of Ferns, t. 91 ; Sclik. Fil. t. 2. — St.
Helena.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. Ill

35. EGENOLFXA, Schott. Fee.

Vernation decumbent, uniserial, subbypogeous. Fronds con-
tiguous, stipate, pinnate, 1-3 feet high, generally viviparous,
sterile pinnae linear-lanceolate, sub-entire or dentate, laciniated

Genus 35.— Fertile and barren fronds. No. 1.

or pinnatifid, sinus mucronate. Veins forked or pinnate;
venules free. Fertile segments more or less contracted ; venules
evident, contiguous, forming a concrete amorphous receptacle,
sometimes forming moniliform spikes.

1. E. appendieulata, J. Sm. Acrostichum appendiculatum,
Willd. ; Hoolc. Exot. FI. 1. 108. Acrostichum vivi-
parium, Sw. Polybotrya viviparia, Hoolc. Exot. FI. '
1. 107. Acrostichum setosum, Wall. Acrostichum
Hamiltoniana, Wall. Egenolfia Hamiltoniana, Schott.
Gen. Fil. 34. — East Indies and Ceylon.

112

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

36. PSOMIOCARPA, Presl. in pent.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipate, deltoid, sub-
bipinnate, the sterile 6-8 inches high, pilose, with articulated
hairs ; pinnae 3-4 inches long ; pinnules sessile, decurrent,

Genus 36.— Portion of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1.

oblong elliptical, 1— f inch long, unequally dentate or snb-
laciniated. Veins forked ; venules free. Fed He frond 14-18
inches high, long, stipate, slender, wholly contracted, forming a
sporangiferous panicle.

P. apiifolia, Presl. Epim. Bot. Polybotrya apiifolia, J. Sm.
En. Fit. Philipp. ; Kunze, in Schk. Fil. t. 62; Gard.
and Field Seii. t. 30, 31 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, 248. —
Luzon.

37. POLYBOTRYA, Humb. cl Bonpl.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds
bi-tripinnate, 2—3 feet long. Veins pinnate ; venules free.
Fertile segments convolute, pinnatifid or spicasform, wholly
sporangiferous.

1. P. osmundacea, Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. 1, t. 2; Hook.

Gen. Fil. t. 78 B. P. cylindrica, Kaulf. ; Fee, Acrost.
t. 36. Polybotrya speciosa, Schott. Gen. Fil. t. 7. —
Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 11 3

2. P. acuminata, Link; Metten. Fil. Sort. Lip. t. 2,f. 1-6. —
Brazil.

Genus 37.— Portion of fertile and barren, fronds. No. I.

3. P. incisa, Link ; Fee, Acrost. t. 35. — Brazil.

4. P. caudata, Kunze ; Fee, Acrost. t. 34. — West Indies and

Tropical America.

ft Segments articulated with the rachis.

38. LOMARIOPSIS, Fee.

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds
pinnate, 1-3 feet high ; pinnae linear-elliptical, broad, lanceo-
late, acuminate, 2-10 inches long, articulate with the rachis.

I

114 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Veins uniform, simple or forked, direct, parallel, free. Fertile

Genus 38. — Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size, and portion
of fertile, enlarged. No. 2.

pinnae plane, often broad, sporangiferous on the under side;
margin membranous, narrow, subindusiform.

1. L. sorbifolia, Fee. Acrostichum sorbifolium, Linn. ; (Plum.

Fil. 1. 117). Stenochlaena sorbifolia, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. —
West Indies.

2. L. longifolia, J. Sm. Lomaria longifolia, Kaulf. Lowe's

New Ferns, t. 37. Acrostichum Yapurense, Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 57. Acrostichum phlebodes, Kunze ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, 'p. 24, sub Acrostichum sorbifolium. —
West Indies and Tropical America.

3. L. heteromorpha, J. Sm. Stenochlaena heteromorpna,

J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841. Lomaria filiformis, A. Cunn.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 149. Lomaria propinqua,
A. Cunn. — Xew Zealand.

** Veins combined at the margin.

39. OLFERSIA, Badd. ; Presl.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum scandent, squa-
mose. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet long. Veins uniform, simple

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 115
or forked, direct, parallel, their apices combined by a transverse

Genus 39.— Portion of the barren pinna, under side. No. I.

marginal vein. Fertile pinnae linear or pinnatifid, convolute,
wholly sporangiferous.

1. O. cervina, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 43 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7,
tt. 39, 40. Acrostichum cervinum, Sw. ; Plum. Fil.
t. 154; Hook, et Girev. Ic. Fil. t. 81. 0. Corcovadensis,
Padd. Fil. Bras. t. 14 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 79 A.
Acrostichum linearifolium, Presl. — Tropical America.

*"* Veins angularly or compounding anastomosing.

40. SOROMANES, Fee.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum thick, scandent, squamose.

110

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sterile fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet long. Veins pinnate ; venules
acutely anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles ;
apices next the margin free and clavate. Fertile fronds bipin-
nate ; segments convolute, wholly sporangiferous.

1. S. serratifolium, Fee, Acrost. t. 43. Polybotrya serra-

tifolia, Klotzsch. — V enezuela.

41. STENOSEMIA, Fresl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds ternately pinnate, 6-18
inches high ; pinnae laciniately lobed, bulbiferous. Veins pin-
nate ; the lower venules transversely anastomosing, forming

Genus 41. — Portion of mature frond, upper side. No I.

elongated costal and sub-costal areoles, the superior venules
free. Fertile segments linear, rachiform, convolute, nearly
wholly sporangiferous.

1. S. aurita, Fresh Acrostichum auritum, Sw.; Loire's Ferns,
7, tt. 52, 53. Polybotrya aurita, FI. FI. Jav. t. 1 ;
HooJc. Fil. Exot. t. 81. — Java.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 117

42. PCECILOPTERIS, Eschw.; Presl

Vernation uniserial, distant or contiguous, subfasciculate and
decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 1—3 feet long, often bulbiferous.
Primary veins costasform, pinnate ; venules arcuately or angu"

Genus 42. — Portion of barren frond. No. 3.

larly anastomosing, producing on their exterior sides or angles
one or more free or anasto nosing veinlets, forming unequal
areoles. Sporangia amorphous, or sometimes in defined lines
on the venules ( Jenhinsia , Hook.).

1. P. flagellifera, J. Sm. Acrostichum flagelliferum. Wall. ;

Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 23 ; Blume, FI. Jav. 1. 13. —
East Indies.

2. P. crispatula, J. Sm. Acrostichum crispatulum, Wall. —

East Indies.

3. P. prolifera, J. Sm. Acrostichum proliferum, Blume ;

Hook. Ic. PI. t. 681, 2. Heteroneuron proliferum.
Fee, Acrost. t. 55. Acrostichum virens, Wall. ; Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 221. — East Indies.

4. P. punetulata, Presl. Acrostichum punctulatum, Linn.

Heteroneuron punctulatum, Fee, Acrost. t. 54. — ■
Mauritius and West Tropical Africa.

113

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

43. GYMNOPTERIS, Bernh. ; Presl.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or contiguous sub-
fasciculate and decumbent. Fronds simple, lobed or pinnate.

Genus 43.— Portion of sterile frond, under side. No. 2.

from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high. Primary veins costseform ;
venules compound anastomosing, with free variously directed
veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sporangia amorphous.

1. G. quercifolia, Bernh.; Presl; Hoolt. Ic. PI. t. 905;

Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 80. Acrostichum quercifolium,
Betz. ; Sw. ; S chic. Fil. t. 3. Gymnopteris Nicnerii,
Hort. — Ceylon.

2. G. nicotianse folia, Presl ; Fee, Acrost. t. 46. Acrostichum

nicotiamefolium, Sw. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 26. —
"West Indies.

3. G. acuminata, Presl. Acrostichum acuminatum, Willd. ;

(Plum. Fil. 1. 115). — West Indies.

4. G. aliena, Presl ; nook. Gen. Fil. t. 85. Acrostichum

alienum, Sw. ; Plum. Fil. 1. 10. — Tropical America.

5. G. Gaboonense, J. Sm. Acrostichum (Gymnopteris)

Gaboonense, nook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 270. — Tropical
West Africa.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 119

§ 3. Acrostichce. Vernation fasciculate. Fronds pinnate,
4-8 feet high ; pinnae adherent. Veins uniform, reticulated ;
areoles small subquadrangular, or large hexagonoid.

44. NEUROCALLIS, Fee.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 3-4- feet
high, smooth; sterile pinnae elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate,
entire, 8-10 inches long, 2 inches wide, sessile, adherent with

Genus 44.— Portions of fertile and barren fronds. No. I.

the rachis. Veins uniform, reticulated ; areoles oblong, hexa-
gonoid. Fertile fronds contracted ; pinnae linear, acuminate,
plane, wholly sporangiferous on the under side; sporangia
destitute of indusoid scales.

1. N. prsestantissima, Fee, Acrost. t. 52; Fee, Gen. Fil.

t. 4 A. Acrostichum praestantissimum, Bory, Hb. ;
Hoolc. Gard. Ferns, t. 58. — Dominica and Guadeloupe.

45. ACROSTICHUM, Linn, {in part) ; J. 8m.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform. Fronds pinnate,
smooth, 2-8 feet high ; pinnae entire, broad, the upper densely
sporangiferous on their under side. Veins uniform, reticu-

120

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

luted, forming numerous elongated subquadrangular parallel
areoles.

1. A, aureum, Linn. ; Sw. ; Plum. Fil. 1. 104 ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 1 ;

Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 81 A ; Loire's Ferns, 7, t. 42. Chry-
sodium aureum, Fee. Acrostichum fraxinifolium,
It. Br. Acrostichum marginatum, Sclik. Fil. t. 3 B. —
Tropics and sub-Tropics of both spheres, generally
in swamps.

§4. Plafijcerce. Rhizome obsolete; sterile frond sessile, de-
pressed, concliiform ; fertile fronds stipate, repeatedlij forked ;
segments broad. Veins compound anastomosing.

46. PLATYCERIUM, Desv.; Bl.

Vernation articulate, rhizome obsolete. Stcnle fronds sessile,
oblique reniform, depressed or elongated and subascending,
alternately overlapping each other, forming an epiphytal
spongy concliiform mass, often 1-2 feet in diameter. Fertile
fronds stipitate, rising from the sinus of the sterile, once or
many times diehotomously forked, 2-6 feet in length ; segments
broad, obtuse, densely covered with stellated scales, coriaceous.
Veins internal, compound anastomosing. Receptacle amorphous,

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

12 L

occupying more or less of the under side of the segments, or on
a sessile or petiolate lobe.

Genus 46.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

1. P. alcicorne, Gaud. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 63. Acrostichum

alcicorne, Sw. ; Bot. Beg. t. 262-3. — East Indies,
Malayan Archipelago, and Australia.

2. P. Stemaria, Desv. Acrostichum Stemaria, Beam. Platy-

cerium iEthiopicum, Boole. Gard. Ferns, t. 9. — West
Africa.

3. P. grande, J. 8m. ; Boole. Fil. Exot. t. 86. Acrostichum

grande, A. Gunn.; Boole, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 80 B. —
Malayan Archipelago and Australia.

4. P. biforme, Blume, FI. Jav. t. 18. Acrostichum fuciforme,

Wall. — Malacca and Java.

5. P. Wallichii, Boole. Fil. Exot. t. 97. — Malacca.

122

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tribe Y. — GRAMMXTIDEiE.

Sori linear, sometimes only oval or oblong, obliqne or trars
verse, marginal or costal, or more or less complete, reticulated
naked.

* Veins free.

§ 1. Grammiteoe. Fronds linear, entire or rarely forlced,
generally smooth.

47. GRAMMITIS, Sw. in part.

Vernation fasciculate, or uniserial and sarmentose, becoming
crespitose. Fronds linear-lanceolate, entire, rarely subpinnatifid,
plane, opaque, smooth or pilose, 6—10 inches high. Veins simple

Genus 4/. — Portion of frond, natural size; ditto, enlarged.

or forked, generally clavate, free ; the anterior venule fertile.
Receptacles elongated, medial-terminal. Sori ovate, oblong or
linear oblique, sometimes punctiform transverse-uniserial.

1. G. marginella, Sw. Syn. Fil. Schh. Fil. t. 7. Polypodium

marginellum, Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. — St. Helena.

2. G. Australis, R. Br. Grammitis Billardieri, Willd.; Kunze,

Anal. t. 9,f. 2. — New South Wales.

48. XIFHOPTERIS, Kaulf.

Vernation contiguous, sub-fasciculate ; sarmentum slender,
sub-erect. Fronds 2-6 inches high, linear, dentate-serrate or

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED FERNS. 123

pinnatifid below, sub-entire, and plicate or nearly plane above.
Veins simple, free, very short. Receptacles costal or medial,

Genus 48. — Plant natural size, and portion of frond enlarged. No. ).

elongated. Sori oblong, confluent, mostly contiguous to and
parallel with the midrib, confined to the upper part of the frond.

1. X. serrulata, Kaulf.; Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 10 B; Hoolc. Gard.

Ferns, t. 44 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 42 A. Grammitis
serrulata, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 7 ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 78.
Polypodium serrulatum, Metten. — West Indies and
Tropical America.

§ 2. Gymnogrammece. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnatifid
or decompound, smooth, or generally pilose, tomentose, or
farinose.

49. LEPTOGBAMMA, J. 8m.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bipinna-
tifid, 1-3 feet high. Veins of lacinias pinnate ; venules free.
Receptacles medial, elongated. Sori oblong or linear, naked.
Sporangia in some species pilose.

124

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Genus 49.— Portion of fertile frond.

1. L. totta, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Polypodiom tottnm, Willd. Gym-

nogramma totta, Schlecht. ; Bl. FI. Jav. t. 38. Gram-
mitis totta, Presl. Gymnogramma Lowei, Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 89. — South Africa and Madeira.

2. L. asplenioid.es, J. Sm. Gymnogramma asplenioides,

Siv. ; Kaulf. Gymnogramma aspidioides, Kaulf.
Ceterach aspidioides, Willd. ; Badcl. Fil. Bras. t. 21,
/. 1. Phegopteris aspidioides, Mettem. Fil. Hort. Lip.
t. 17,/. 1. — Tropical America.

3. L. Linkiana, •/. Sm. Gymnogramma Linkiana, Kunze ;

Fee. Grammitis Linkiana, Presl. — Brazil.

4. L. rupestris, J. Sm. Gymnogramma rupestris, Kunze.

Phegopteris rupestris, Metten. — Tropical America.

5. L. gracile, J. Sm. Gymnogramma gracilis, Hew. in Hag.

Nat. Hist. (1838). Grammitis Hewardii, Moore.
Leptogramma attenuata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew.
(1856). — Jamaica.

6. L. villosa, J. Sm. Gymnogramma villosa, Link; Lowe's

Ferns, 1, 1. 11. — Tropical America.

7. L. polypodioides, J. Sm. Ceterach polypodioides, Badd.

Fil. Bras. t. 22. Gymnogramma polypodioides,
Spreng. Gymnogramma Baddiana, Link. — Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 125

50. GYMNOGEAMMA, Desv.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, bipinnatifid,
or multifid, rarely simple, smooth, villose, or farinose, from a

Genus 50.— Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 1.

few inches to 2-3 feet high. Veins forked ; venules free. JZc-
ccptacles medial, elongated. Sori linear, simple, or forked, often
becoming confluent, naked.

§1. Newrogramma. Fronds pinnate or hipinnate, villose.

1. G. rufa, Desv.; Loive's Ferns, 1, t. 6 A. Hemonitis rufa,

Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. tt. 17, 21. — Tropical America.

2. G. tomentosa, Desv. ; Lowe's Ferns, 1 , t. 6 B ; Hook. Fil.

Exot. t. 13. Hemionitis tomentosa, Eadd. Fil. Bras.
1. 19. — Tropical America.

§ 2. Trismeria. Fronds pinnate; pinnae li-trifoliate ; seg-
ments linear, covered with white or yellow farina.

3. G. trifoliata, Desv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 4 ; Lowe's New

Ferns, t. 31. Acrostichum trifoliatum, Linn.; (Blum.
Fil. t. 144 ;) Sclik. Fil. tt. 3 et 22. Trismeria argentea
et aurea, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 14 A. — West Indies and
Tropical America.

§ 3. Ceropteris. Fronds li-tripinnatifid or multifid, covered
with waxy farina on the under side.

4. G. Calomelanos, Kaulf; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 37; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 50. Acrostichum Calomelanos, Linn.; Blum.
Fil, t. 40 ; Sclik. Fil. t. 5; Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 3. —
Tropical America.

5. G. Tartarea, Desv. Acrostichum Tartareum, Sw. — Tropical

America.

12G

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

6. G. ochracea, I* resl. — Tropical America.

7. G. L’Herminieri, Bonj ( accord . to Li ah). — Guadeloupe.

{Link.)

8. G. chrysophylla, Kaiitf. Acrosticlium chrysophyllum,

Sic. ; Plum. Fil. t. 41. — West Indies.

9. G. Martensii, Lory { accord . to Link). (Hybrid, J. Sm.)

10. G. sulphurea, Desv. Acrostichum sulphureum, Sw.

Schk. Fil. t. 4. Var. Wettenhalliana, Moore, in Gard.
Chron. 1861, p. 934. — West Indies.

11. G. pulchella, Linden's Cat.; Moore, in Gard. Chron.

1856 ; Hook. Fil.Exot. t. 74 ; Lowe's A rciv Ferns, t. 5. —
Venezuela.

12. G. Peruviana, Desv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 32. Yar. Argyro-

phylla, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Lowe's Kew
Ferns, t. 6. Var. dealbata, Moore. Var. laciniata,
Moore, Gard. Chron. 1863. — Tropical America.

§ 4. Anogramme. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, smooth. {Annuals.)

13. G. leptophylla, Desv.; Hook, et Grev.Ic. Fil. A 25; Hook.

Brit. Ferns, t. 1 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 7. Grammitis
leptophylla, Sic. Polypodium leptophylluin, Linn.;
Schk. Fil. t. 26. — South of Europe, &c.

14. G. chserophylla, Desv. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 45 ;

Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 8. — Tropical America.

15. G. Pearcii, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 340. — Peru.

§ 4. Pleurosorus. Fronds pinnatijid or pinnate, piloso-
glandulose.

16. G. rutsefolia, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 90 ; Hook. Fil.

Exot. t. 5 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 935 ; Loive's Hew Ferns, t.
45 A. Gymnogramma subglandulosa, Hook, et Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 91. Grammitis Hispanica, Goss. Grammitis
rutaefolia, B.Br. — Australia and South of Spain.

§ 5. Eriosorus. Fronds bipinnatifid, lanose-tomentose.

17. G. ferruginea, Kunze. G. lanata, Klotzscli. Var. mon-

strosa, Hort. — Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 127

51. CONIOGRAMMA, Fee.

Vernation contiguous, decumbent, subsarmentose. Fronds
pinnate or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high, smooth ; pinna and pin-

Genu9 51. — Portion of fertile pinna— under side. No. 1.
nules broad elliptical-lanceolate, distant, smooth. Veins forked,
parallel, free. Receptacles medial, elongated, occupying nearly
the whole length of the venules. Sort linear, forked, contiguous,
naked.

1. C. Javanica, Fee. Gymnogramma Javanica, Bl. FI. Jav.

t. 41 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 7. — Malayan Archipelago.

52. LLAVEA, Lag.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tri-quadripinnate.

Genus 52.— 'Barren pinna.
No. 1.

ditto, unfolded. No. 1.

123

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1-2^ feet long, smooth, contracted and fertile above, sterile
below; Sterile pinnules oblong, ellijotical, oblique sub-cordate,
serrulate, 1-1" inches in length. Veins forked ; venules free.
Fertile pinnules linear, 2—3 inches long, revolute, margin con-
niving and forming an universal indusium. Sporangia occu-
pying nearly the whole length of the contracted venules,
forming linear forked confluent sori.

1. L. cordifolia, Lag. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5159. Cerato-
dactylis osmundioides, J. Sm. in Hook, et Bauer, Gen.
Fil. t. 36 ; Loire's New Ferns, t. 30. Botryogramma
Karwinskii, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 15 C. Allosorus Kar-
winskii, Kunze, Fil. t. 4 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 387-8. —
Mexico. Tr.

** Veins anastomosing.

§ 3. ncmionitece. Fronds simple, pinnate or rarely L pinnate.
Sori more or less complete reticulated.

Genus 53 —Portion o(
fertile frond. No. 1.

53. DICTYOGRAMMA, Fee.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sar-
mentum short. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate,
1-3 feet high, smooth; pinnae elliptical-
lanceolate, 6-10 inches long. Venation sub-
uniform, reticulated; areoles unequal, gene-
rally elongated, oblique. Receptacles super-
ficial. Son linear, reticulated, naked.

1. D. Japonica, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 15 A.
Hemionitis Japonica, Thunb. Gym-
nogramma Japonica, Hook. Sp. Fil. —
Japan, Formosa.

54. HEMIONITIS, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, short. Fronds simple, cordate,
palmate orpinnate, smooth or villose. Veins uniform reticulated.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. ] 29

Sporangia occupying the whole of the vernation, forming reti-
culate, often confluent sori. Receptacles medial, elongated.
Sori reticulated.

Genus 54.— Segment of barren frond, under side. No. 2.

1. H. cordifolia, Roxb. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 35 ; Hook, et Grev.

Ic. Fil. t. 64 ; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 74. H. sa-
gittata, Fee. — East Indies.

2. H. palmata, Linn. ; Plum. Fil. t. 151 ; Hook. Ex. FI. t. 33 ;

Schott. Gen. Fil. t. 9 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 37. — West
Indies.

3. H. pedata, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 1, /. 3. Gymnogramma pedata,

Kaulf. — Mexico. Tr.

55. ANTEOPHYUM, Kaulf.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short (unde-
fined), squamose. Fronds simple, linear-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptical or subrotund, smooth, coriaceous, with or without a
defined midrib. Veins uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial,

K

130

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

elongated, immersed, rarely superficial, forming linear, con-
tinuous or interrupted reticulated sori.

Genus 55. — Outline portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 4.

1. A. lineatum, Kaulf. Polytsenium lineatum, Dcsv. ; J. Sm.

Gen. Fil. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 107. Vittaria lanceolata,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 101 B.— West Indies.

2. A. laneeolatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis lanceolata, Linn. ;

(Plum. Fil. 1. 127,/. c) ; Schk. Fil. t. 6. — West Indies.

3. A. Cayennense, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 19, /. 2. He-

mionitis Cayennensis, Dcsv. ; Presl. — Tropical
America.

4. A. retieulatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis reticulata, Forst.

Schk. Fil. t. 6. — Indian, Malayan, and Pacific Islands.

§ 4. Vittarice. Fronds simple, linear. Sori transverse,
continuous, marginal or anti-marginal.

56. VITTARIA, Sm.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, furnisheu

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 131

with hyaline squamae. Fronds simple, linear, smooth, rigid or
flaccid and pendulous, from a few inches to 2-3 feet in length.
Veins simple, forming an acute angle with the midrib, their

Genus 56.— Outline portion of frond, natural size ; ditto enlarged. No. 1 .

apices prolonged into atransverse marginal vein, which becomes
the receptacle. Sporangia seated in an extrorse Blit of the
margin. Sori marginal, linear, continuous.

1. V. zostersefolia, Borg; Fee, Mem. Fil. t. 2,/. 2; Lowes
Ferns, 2, t. 65 B. — Mauritius.

57. HAPLOPTERIS, Brest.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, becoming

Genus 57.— Portion of frond, slightly enlarged. No. I.
K 2

132

PEEKS : BKITISH AND FOKEIGN.

caespitose. Fronds simple, narrow, linear or lanceolate, 1-2 feet
long, smooth. Veins simple, parallel, their apices combined hy
a transverse intra-marginal vein, which is immersed in a groove,
and becomes the receptacle, forming a linear, continuous, inter-
marginal, naked sorus.

1. H. scolopendrina, Presl, Tent. Pterid. t. 8, /. 21. Pteris

scolopendrina, Bonj ; Sw. Taeniopsis scolopendrina,
J.Sm. Gen. Fit. 1841. Tacniopteris Forbesii, Hook, et
Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 76 B. Vittaria Zeylanica, Fee,
Vittar. 1. 1,/. 3. — Ceylon and Mauritius.

2. H. lineata, J. Sm. Vittaria lineata, Sw. ; Schlc. t. 101 B ;

J. Sm. Cat. 1857 ; Boise’ s Ferns, 2, t. 65 A. Taeniopsis
lineata, J. Sm. Gen. Fit. 1841. — Tropical America.

58. PTEROPSIS, Besv.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, caespitose.
Fronds simple, linear, acuminate, 6-18 inches long, rigid, smooth.
Veins uniform, reticulated, forming transverse elongated, hexa-
gonoid areoles. Receptacles compital, elongated on the exterior,
transverse anastomose, forming a linear, continuous, marginal
sorus.

Genus 58.— Portion of frond, slightly enlarged. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

133

1. P. angustifolia, Besv. ; Hook. et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 77 B.

Taenitis angustifolia, R. Br. Pteris angustifolia, Sw. ;
Willd. Pteris tricuspidata, Linn. ; Blum. Fil. 1. 140,
var. comosa, J. Sm. — West Indies.

59. DICTYOXIPHIUM, Hook.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple,
linear-lanceolate, attenuated and decurrent on
the stipes, 1—3 feet long. Veins compound
anastomosing. Receptacles compital, elongated,
immersed in an extrorse marginal groove, which
is indusiform. Sori linear, continuous.

1. D. Panamense, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 62 ; J. Sm. Genils 59._Portion
Gen. Fil.; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 69. Lindsaea of _ fertile frond,
Panamensis, Mettn. Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 54. — Panama.

under side. No. 1.

§ 5. Ceratopterice. Fertile fronds contracted ; segments
revolute, forming an universal indusium, enclosing the sporangia.

60. CERATOPTERIS, Brongn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect (annual). Fronds fragile ; the

Genus 60.— Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size ; portion of
fertile enlarged. No. 1.

134

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

fertile decompound ; segments forked, linear ; margins revokite,
membranaceous, conniving, indusiform. Veins transversely
elongated, distantly anastomosing. Sporangia occupying the
transverse venules, superficial, large, disposed in a simple series,
constituting two linear sub-parallel sori.

1 . C. thalictroides, Brongn. ; Hoolc. Gen. Fil. i. 12 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 2, t. 66. Ellobocarpus oleraceus, Kaulf. Par-
keria pteridioides. Hook. Ex. Fl.t. 147 ; Hook, et Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 97. Ceratopteris Parkeri, J. Sm. Gen. Fil.
1841. — Tropics.

Tribe VI.-PHEGOPTERIDE.®.

Sori punctiform, intra-marginal or rarely on marginal dents,
naked or each furnished with a special indusium, which is
either peltate or lateral and interiorly attached, rarely calyci-
form ; or the margin of contracted fronds revolute, forming an
universal indusium ; or the dents of the margin reflexed and
indusiform.

* Veins anastomosing in various ways.
f Sori naked.

§ 1. Hictyopterioe. Primary veins costceform, generally well
defined. Sori punctiform or linear, in oblique or transverse
rows or lines, or rarely reticulated between the primary veins.

61. DRYOMENIS, Fee; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous or subfasciculate, sub-
hypogeous. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, smooth,

Genus 6l. — Portion of frond. No. i.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

135

1-24 feet high, submembraneous. Primary veins costseform,
transversely combined and compound anastomosing, with free
veinlets terminating in areoles. Receptacles punctiform, com-
pital. Sori round or by confluence unequal oblong, oblique
biserial or irregular, naked.

1. D. plantaginea, J. Sm. in Seemann's Rot. Voy. Herald.

Polypodium plantagineum, Linn. ; Jacq. Coll. t. 3,/. 1 ;
(Plum. Fil. 1. 128). Aspidium plantagineum, Grisb. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. (in part). Pleopeltis plantaginea,
Moore, Ind. — West Indies.

62. DICTYOPTERIS, Presl (in part).

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent or sub-erect. Fronds
coriaceous, deltoid, bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 3-4 feet high ;
ultimate segments or pinnules sub-entire or sinuous-pinnatifid.
Veins costaeform ; venules and veinlets anastomosing (rarely

Genus t'2.— Portion of fertile pinna; ditto barren and fertile. No. 1.

few free, excurrent), forming oblique, somewhat elongated
areoles, the costal ones transversely elongated. Receptacles
medial or compital. Sori round, large, irregular, sometimes
crowded near the margin, naked.

1. D. irregularis, Presl. Polypodium irregulare, Presl. Rel.

Hcenk. t. 4,/. 3. — East Indies, Malayan and Philippine
Islands.

136

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

63. MENISCIUM, Schreb.

Vernation fasciculate anil decumbent, or uniserial and sar-
mentose. Fronds pinnate, rarely simple, 1-8 feet hieh. Pri-
mary veins costaeform, pinnate ; each opposite pair of venules

angularly or arcuately anastomosing and sporangiferons, pro-
ducing from their junction an evcurrent, free, sterile veinlet.
Beceptacles medial, linear, continued across the junction of the
venules, forming arcuate, transverse sori. Sporangia in some
species pilose.

* Fronds simple.

1. M. simples, Hook. L0nd.J07vm.B0t. v. 1, t. 11; Hook. Fil.

Exot. t. 83. — Hong-kong.

2. M. giganteum, Metten. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 163. —

Tropical America.

** Fronds pinnate.

3. M. triphyllum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev, Ic. Fil. 1. 120 ; Kunze,

Fil. t. 52. — India, Ceylon.

4. M. palustre, Ttadd. Fil. Bras. t. 20 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 40 ;

Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 45. — Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

137

5. M. dentatum, Presl. — Brazil.

6. M. retieulatum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 5. Polypodium reticu-

latum, L. — Tropical America.

64. GONIOPTERIS, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnatifid
or pinnate, rarely simple, 1-4 feet high. Primary veins costaa-
form, pinnate ; venules opposite, the whole or only the lower
pair, or more, angularly anastomosing, producing from their

f’enus 64.— Portion of mature frond. No. 8.

junction an excurrent sterile veinlet, which is either free or
anastomoses in the angle next above it. Sporangiferons
receptacles punctiform, medial (between the base and angular
junction of the venules). Sori round, obliquely biserial. Spo-
rangia pilose in some species.

1. G. scolopendroides, Presl. Polypodium scolopendroides,

Sw. ; {Plum. Fil. t. 91 ) ; Kook. Fil. E»ot. 1. 18. Go-
niopteris subpinnata, llort. — Jamaica.

2. G. gracilis, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Loive's Ferns, 1,

t. 9 A. — Jamaica.

3. G. reptans, Presl. Polypodium reptans, Sw. ; Sloane's

Jam. 2, t. 30. Polypodium compositum. Link. —
Jamaica.

138

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. G. asplenoides, Fresh Polypodium asplenoides, Sw. ;

Sloane's Jam. 1, t. 43, /. 2 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 34 B. —
Jamaica.

5. G. crenata, Presl; Uooh. Gen. Fil. t. 38. Polypodium

crenatum, Sw. ; {Plum. Fil. t. Ill) ; Lowe's Ferns, 1,
t. 26 b. — West Indies.

6. G. megalodes, Fresh Polypodium megalodes, Schk. Fil.

t. 19 b. — West Indies.

7. G. Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm. Polypodium Gheisbeghtii,

Lind. Cat. 1858. Meniscium pubescens, Linn. Cat.
1858. Polypodium crenatum, Hook. Fil.Exot. t. 84 {non
Sw.). — Tropical America.

8. G. tetragona, Presl. Polypodium tetragonum, Sw. ; Schh.

Fil. t. 18 b. — West Indies.

9. G. serrulata, J. Sm. Polypodium serrulatum, Sw. ; Presl ;

Sloane’s Jam. t. 43, /. 1. — Jamaica.

10. G. prolifera, Presl. Meniscium proliferum, Sw. ; Hook.

2nd Cent. Ferns, 1. 15. — East Indies.

11. G. vivipara, J. Sm. Polypodium viviparum, Badd. Fil.

Bras. t. 32. Polypodium proliferum, Lowe's Ferns,
t. 31 . Goniopteris fraxinifolia, Presl {non Polypodium
fraxinifolium, Jacq.). Polypodium fraxinifolium,
Lowe’s Ferns, t. 31. — Brazil.

12. G. pennigera, J. Sm. Polypodium pennigerum, Forst. —

New Zealand.

13. G. Fosteri, Hoore. — New Zealand.

ft Sori indusiate.

§ 2. Aspidice. Sori pundiform. Indusium orbicular,
reniform or rarely calyciform.

a. Indusium orbicular or reniform.

65. NEPHRODIUM, Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent or erect, rarely uniserial and
sarmentose. Fronds 1-6 feet high, simple or pinnate ; pinna;
entire, sinuose or pinnatifid. Veins costceform, pinnate; the
lower pair of venules only, or more, or the whole, angularly

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

139

anastomosing, producing from tlieir junction an excurrent,
anastomosing, sterile veinlet. Bezeptactes medial or sub-
terminal. Sori round. Indusivm reniform, rarely nearly
orbicular.

Genus 65.— Portion of mature frond. No. 5.

* Vernation uniserial, distant.

1. N. unitum, It. Br.; Hook. Gen. Fil.t. 48 B. Polypodium

unitum, Linn. Aspidium unitum, S cl tic. Fil. t. 33 B,
f. 1. Aspidium serra, Schlc. Fil. t. 33, f. 2. — Tropics.

2. N. pteroides, J. Sm. Polypodium pteroides, Betz. Aspi-

dium pteroides, Sw. Aspidium terminans, Wall.
Nephrodium terminans, J. Sm. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew .
1846. — East Indies.

3. N. venulosum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,p. 17. — Fernando Po.

** Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent.

4. "N-. Hookeri, J. Sm. Aspidium Hookeri, Wall.; Hook. Ic.

PI. t. 922. — East Indies.

5. N. granulosum, J. Sm. Polypodium granulosum, Presl.

Beliq. Hcenk. t. 4, /. 2. Aspidium glandulosum,
Blume. ; Loive’s Ferns, 7, t. 9. Nephrodium multi-
lineatum, Moore and Houlst. ( non Presl). — Philippine
Islands, Java.

6. N. articulatum, Moore and Houlst. in Gard. Mag. of Bot.

1851 ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857 ; Lowe's Ferns,
6, t. 29. — Ceylon.

140

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

7. IN’. refractum, J. Sm. Polypodium refractum, Fisch. et

Mey. ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 48. Goniopteris refracta,
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Brazil.

8. IN’. truneatum, J. Sm. Aspidium truncatum, Gaud, in

Freycinet’s Voy. 1. 10 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, 1. 12. — Sand-
wich Islands.

9. IN’, abortivum, J. Sm. Aspidium abortivum, Flume.

Aspidium decurtatum, Kunze. — Java.

10. IN’, venustum, J. Sm. Aspidium venustum, B. Hew. in

May. Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 464. — Jamaica.

11. N. molle, B. Br. ; Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 14; Hook. Gen. Fil.

t. 48 B. Aspidium molle, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 34 B.
A. violascens, Link. Var. corymbiferum, Moore, in
Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, 1. 13. — Tropics,
very general. T.

12. N. patens, J. Sm. — Demerara.

66. MESOCHLiENA, B. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 2-4 feet high, bipinna-
tifid. Veins costaeform, pinnate ; the lower pair of venules
anastomosing, the others free, parallel. Beceptacles medial,

Genus CG.— Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size; ditto enlarged. No. 1.

elongated. Sori oblong-linear. Indusium hippocrepiform,
attached longitudinally on the centre of the receptacle, having
sporangia in its axis on each side, its margin free.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 141

1. M. Javanica, B. Br. in Horsf. FI. Jav.; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 15. Nephrodium Javanica, Book. Fil. Fxot. t. 62.
Sphaerostephanos asplenioides, J. Sm. in Book. Gen.
Fil. t. 2-i ; Kunze, Fil. t. 10, 11. — Singapore and
Java.

67. CYCLODIUM, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, subdecumbent. Fronds pinnate, 2-3
feet high ; sterile pinnae broad-elliptical, linear-lanceolate. Veins
pinnately forked ; venules acutely anastomosing, producing
from their angular junctions an excurrent free or anastomosing

Genus 67. — Portion of barren and fertile frond,
veinlet ; fertile pinnae contracted, linear-lanceolate. Veins
uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial, punctiform. Sort
round, confluent, and occupying the whole under surface.
Indusium orbicular.

1. C. confertum, Presl. Aspidium confertum, 7&,?(7/. ; Bool;.

et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 121 ; Book. Gen. Fil. t. 49 B ;
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Aspidium Hookeri,
Kl. — Guiana, Bahia.

68. CYRTOMIUM, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-3 feet high, pinnate ;
pinnae elliptical-lanceolate, 6-8 inches long, 1-4 wide, falcate
more or less, auriculate at the base, the margin sub-entire or
spinulose. Veins two or three times forked, or pinnate ; venules

142

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

alternate, the lower exterior branch free, the others acutely
anastomosing, producing from their junctions free or anasto-
mosing veinlets. Receptacles punctiform on or below their

apices or points of junction of the venules. Sori round,
transversely uniserial, or numerous and oblique-serial. Indu-
sium orbicular.

1. C. falcatum, Presl. Polypodium falcatum, Linn. ; Thv.nl).

FI. Jap. t. 36. Aspidium falcatum, Sw. ; Lang, et
Fisch. t. J5 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 9 ; Hook. Fil. F.cot.
t. 92. — Japan, China.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

143

2. C. caryotideum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil.

t. 49 C. Aspidium caryotideum,
Wall. ; Hook, et Grcv. Ic. Fil. t. 69 ;
Hook. Gard. Ferns, 1. 13. Aspidium
anomophyllum, Zenk. PL Nilgh.
t. 1.— East Indies and Natal. T.

3. C. juglandifolium, Moore. Polypodium

juglandifolium, Humb. Amblia jug-
landifolia, Presl ; Fee, Gen. Fil.
t. 22 P, f. 1. Phanerophlebia jug-
landifolia, J. Sm. ; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 49 A. Aspidium juglandifolium,
Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 22,
f. 6—7. — Tropical America.

69. FADYENIA, Hook.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudex un define d.
Fronds simple, entire, 5-6 inches long ; he
sterile lanceolate, attenuated and proliferous
at the apex ; the fertile linear, ligulate, obtuse,
erect. Veins forked; venules acutely anasto-
mosing ; the lower exterior venule of each
fascicle free, and sporangiferous on its apex.
Peceptacles punctiform. Sori round, trans-
versely uniserial. Indusium reniform, sub-
oblong, hippocrepiform.

1. F. prolifera, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 53 B ;

Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 2. Aspidium
proliferum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 96 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 36. —
Jamaica.

Genus 69. — Fertile
frond, under side.
No. 1.

70. ASPIDIUM, Sw. (in part); Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-4 feet high, entire,
lobed, pinnate, bipinnatifid or bipinnate; ultimate segments
generally broad. Primary veins costaeform ; venules simply or
compoundly anastomosing. Peceptacles compital, or on the

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

144

apex of free veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sori round.
Indusium orbicular or reniform.

Genus 70.— Pinna of mature frond, underside. No. 3.

* Fronds cordate, lobed, or trifoliate.

1. A. Plumieri, Presl, Pel. Hcenk. ( excl . syn. Polypodium

angulatum, Willd). Polypodium trifoliatum, Linn.
Sp. PI. ( not of Linn. Herb.) ; Plum. Fil. t. 148. —
Martinique and Dominica.

2. A. Pica, Desv. Polypodium Pica, Linn. Sagenia Pica,

Moore. Aspidium ebenum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns,
1857. Bathmium ebenum, Fee. — Mauritius.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 145

3. A, trifoliatum, S w. ; Schk. Fil. t. 28 ; Hook. Gen. Fil.

t. 33 ; Schott, Gen. Fil. cum Ic. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 29.
Polypodium, trifoliatum, Linn, fide specimen in Linn.
Herb. ; Jacq. Ic. Far. t. 638. Bathmium trifoliatum,
Link. Aspidium heracleifolium, Willd. {Plum. Fil.
1. 147). — Tropical America.

** Fronds pinnate or subpinnatifid ; pinnae, entire or lobed.

4. A. macrophyllum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 145) ; Metten. Fil.

Hoid. Lips. t. 22, f. 13; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 46. Car-
diochlaena macrophylla, Fee. Bathmium macro-
phyllum, Link. — Tropical America.

5. A. repandum, Willd. Bathmium repandum, Fee. Sagenia

repanda, Moore. Sagenia platyphylla, J. Sm. En.
Fil. Phil. Aspidium platyphyllum, Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 21. — Malayan Islands.

6. A. latifolium, J. Sm. Enum. Fil. Phil. Polypodium

latifolium, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 24. Aspidium me-
lanocaulon, Flume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 53. Aspidium
nigripes, Hort. — Malayan and Pacific Islands.

7. A. coadunatum, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 202

Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 22, f. 3-4 ; Lowe’s Ferns
6, t. 50. Sagenia coadunata, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. — East
Indies.

8. A. cicutarium, Sw. Polypodium cicutarium, Linn, fide

specimen Linn. Herb. Sagenia cicutaria, Moore, Ind.
Aspidium Hippoerepis, Sw. (Plum. Fil. 1. 150). Poly-
podium Hippocrepis, Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 641. Sagenia
Hippoerepis, Presl; Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 53 A.
— Jamaica.

9. A. apiifolium, Schk. Fil. t. 56 B. Sagenia apiifolia, J. Sm

Microbrochis apiifolia, Presl. Aspidium sinuatum
Gaud. ; Labill. Sert. Aust. Coded, t. 1. Bathmium
Billardieri, Fee. — Sandwich Islands and New
Caledonia.

10. A. dilaceratum, Kunze, in part ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.

t. 22, f. 14,16. — Jamaica.

11. A. subtriphyllum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 52. Polypodium

subtriphyllum, Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Yoy.
t. 50. — China, Hong-kong, Ceylon.

12. A. variolosum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 51. — India.

L

146

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

13. A. giganteum, Plume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 50. Var.

fi minor, Tliwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyln. p. 390. —
Ceylon.

*** Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate ; the segments sessile,
decurrent.

14. A. Pteropus, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 47. Aspidium

decurrens, J. Sm. Cat. 1857. — Ceylon.

71. PLEOCNEMIA, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudex arborescent. Fronds
bi-tripinnati6d, 4—6 feet long. Veins of laciniae costaeform ;
venules forked, the lower ones arcuately and angularly anasto-

Genus 71.— Portions of barren and fertile pinnae. No. 1.

mosmg, forming unequal areoles next the costa, the upper ones
free. Receptacles medial on the free or anastomosed venules,
punctiform. Sori round. Indusium reniform.

1. P. Leuzeana, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 97. Polypodium
Leuzeanum, Gaud, in Frey. Voy. t. 6. iSTephrodium
Leuzeanum, Hook. — Philippine and Fiji Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

147

b. Indusium, calycifoim.

72. HYPODERRIS, R. Br.

Vernation uniserial, subsarmentose. Fronds simple, entire
or trilobed, 1-2 feet long. Primary veins costaeform ; venules
compound anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, compital,

Genus "2.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.
included within a calyciform, obscure, membranous indusium.
Sori round, irregular oroblique, biserial between theprimary veins.
1. H. Brownii, J. Sm. ; Boole. Gen. Fil. t. 1; Boole. Gard.

Ferns, t. 24; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 14. Woodsia
Brownii, Metten. — Trinidad and Guiana.

73. TRICHIOCARPA, Boole.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid,

Genus 73. — Portion of pinna, fertile frond, under side. No. 1.

L 2

2 48 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

deltoid, 6-18 inches high ; pinnae distant, pinnate below, pin-
natifid decurrent above; pinnules lanceolate, pinnatifid or
sinuose lobed. Veins uniform, reticulated ; areoles transverse
oblong ; marginal veinlets free, exserted beyond the margin,
bearing a globose pediculate sorus. Indusium calyciform,
spreading, entire.

1 T. Moorei, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 37. Deparia
Moorei, Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. v. 4,
t. 3 ; Hook. Fit. Exot. t. 28. Cionidium Moorei,
Moore, Ind. — New Caledonia.

** Veins free.
f Sori indusiate.

§ 3. Oreopterice. Sori punctiform. Indusium orbicular or
reniform, plane or cucullate, rarely calyciform.

a. Indusium orbicular or reniform.

74. POLYSTICHUM, Both (in part) ; Scliott; Presl.

Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and subsar-
mentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tripinnate, or decompound ; pinnae

Genus 74.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. I.

and pinnules auriculated and lobed, dentate, rigid, spinulose,
mucronate. Veins simply or pinnately forked , venules free, the
lower exterior branch or more (of each fascicle) soriferous on, or

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 149

generally below its apex. Receptacles punctiform. Sori round.
Indusium orbicular or subreniform.

§ 1. Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect.

(Polystichum verum.)

* Fronds pinnate.

1. P. acrostichoides, Schott. Aspidium

acrostichoides, Sw. ; Lowe’s Ferns,

6, 1. 19. Aspidium auriculatum,

Sclik. Fil. t. 30. — North America.

2. P. falcinellum, Presl. Aspidium falci-

nellum, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 7.

Hoolc. Fil. Exot. t. 53. — Madeira.

3. P. mucronatum, Presl. Aspidium

mueronatum, Sw. ; Schh. Fil.
t. 29 B, C ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4,
t. 216.- — Jamaica.

4. P. Lonchitis, Roth; Schott, Gen.Fil.t.9;

Hindi, and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t. 9 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, 1. 15. Poly-
podium Lonchitis, Linn.; Eng.

Bot.t.797. Aspidium Lonchitis,

Sw. ; Schh. Fil. t. 29 ; Hoolc.

Brit. Ferns, t. 9. — Europe,

Britain.

5. P. triangulum , Fee. Polypodium

triangulum, Linn. (Plum. Fil.
t. 72). Aspidium triangulum,

Sw. ; Hook. Fil. Exot, t. 33.

Aspidium trapezoides, Siv. As-
pidium mucronatum, Lowe’s
Ferns, 6, t. 31 B (non Sw.).

Var. laxum, Lowe’s New Ferns, p. 143. —
West Indies.

6. P. obliquum, J. Sm. Aspidium obliquum, Bon, Aspidium

casspitosum, Wall. ; Hoolc. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 213. — Nepal,
Japan.

** Fronds bipinnate.

7. P. aculeatum, Roth; Hindi, and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,

<.10; Sowerby’s Ferns, 1. 17. Polystichum aculeatum,

Genus 74. — Portion of
mature frond, under
side. No. 11.

150

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

/3 intermedium, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 11. Polypodium
aculeatum, Linn. Aspidium aculeatum, Sw. ; Sclilc.
Fit. t. 39 ; Eng. Bot. 1562.

Var. lobatum, Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 11. Polypodium lobatum, Huds. Aspidium
lobatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 40. Polystichum lobatum,
Brest ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 48 C ; Sowerby's Ferns, 1. 16.
Aspidium aculeatum, et A. lobatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 10.

Var. angulare. Aspidium angulare, Willd. ; Eng.
Bot. t. 2776. Polystichum angulare, Brest ; Lindt,
and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 12 A ; Sowerby's Ferns,
t. 18. Aspidium aculeatum, Hook.

Var. angulare, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 12. Aspidium
Braunii, Spenn. Polystichum Braunii, Fee.

Var. argutum, Moore; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 10 B.

Var. alatum, Moore ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, £.10 G.

Var. hastulatum, Moore ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 B.

Var. irregulare, Moore; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 C.

Var. biserratum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 D.

Var. imbricatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 E.

Var. sub-tripinnatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t. 13 A.

Var. tripinnatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t. 13 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 24.

Var. proliferum, Wollast ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, £.13 C.

Var. cristatum, Moore, Loire's New Ferns, 1,

£. 27.

Var. aristatum, Wollast ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 56.
Var. acro-cladon, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 4, p. 136.
— Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 151

8. P. squarrosum, Fee Aspidium squarrosum, Don.

Aspidium rufo-barbatum, Wall. — East Indies.

9. P. anomalum, J. Sm. Polypodium anomalum, Hook, et

Am. ; Hook. Kew Gard. Misc. 8, t. 9. — Ceylon.

10. P. obtusum, J. Sm. Aspidium obtusum, Kunze; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 4, t. 221. — Philippine Islands.

11. P. proliferum, Presl. Aspidium proliferum, E P>\ —

Tasmania.

12. P. vestitum., Presl. Polypodium vestitum, Forst. Aspi-

dium vestitum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 43; Lowe's Ferns,
6, t. 38. — Hew Zealand.

13. P. pungens, Presl. Aspidium pungens, Kaulf. ; Sclilecht.

Fil. t. 10. — South Africa.

§ 2. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds deltoid
tri-quadr {pinnate (Tectaria, Cav.).

14. P. coriaceum, Schott. Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. ( excl .

syn. Forst.) ; Schk. Fil. t. 50.— West Indies.

15. P. Capens e,J.Sm. Aspidium Capense, Willd. (in part). —

South Africa.

16. P. flexum, Eemy. Aspidium flexum, Kunze. Aspidium

coriaceum, Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium Ber-
teroanum, Col. PI. Cliil. t. 70 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4,
t. 229. — Chili, Juan Fernandez.

17. P. amplissimum, Presl. Aspidium amplissimum, Metten.

Aspidium fallax, Fisch. MSS. Lastrea fallax, Moore. —
Brazil.

18. P. frondosum, J. Sm. Aspidium frondosum, E. T. Lowe.

Nephrodium laste-virens, E. T. Loive. — Madeira.

19. P. aristatum, Presl. Polypodium aristatum, Forst.

Aspidium aristatum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 42. A.
curvifolium, Kunze. Polystichum curvifolium,
Hart. — Norfolk Island.

20. P. coniifolium, Presl. Aspidium coniifolium, Wall. —

East Indies and Ceylon.

21. P. dentieulatum, J. Sm. Aspidium denticulatum, Sw. ;

Lowe's New Ferns, t. 59.- — Jamaica.

152

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

22. P. amabile, J. Sm. Aspidium amabile, Plume ; ITooTr.

Sp. Fil. 4, t. 225. Aspidium rhomboideum, Wall.
Poljstichum rhomboideum, Schott. — East Indies,.
Java.

23. P. setosum, Presl. Aspidium setosum, Sw. ; Lang, et

Fisch. Fil. 1. 17. — Japan.

75. LASTREA, Presl; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect

Genus 75.— Pinna of fertile frond. No.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 153

or decumlient. Fronds varying from pinnatifid, bipinnatifid, to
decompound-multifid, 1-6 feet high. Veins simple, or once or
several times forked, or costaeform and pinnate ; venules free.
Receptacles punctiform, terminal or medial. Sori round. In-
dusium reniform or subrotund (as in figure), attached by its
sinus on the interior side.

* Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. (Thelypteris.)
f Fronds lanceolate, bipinnatifid.

1. L. palustris, J. Sm. Thelypteris palustris, Schott. Lastrea.

Thelypteris, Fresl ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 29 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 A 2 ; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t. 7. Polypodium Thelypteris, Linn. Aspidium
Thelypteris, Sw.; S cl tic. Fil. t. 52 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1018.
Nephrodium Thelypteris, Desv.; Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 13. — Europe.

2. L. Noveboraeensis, Fresl. Polypodium Noveboracense,

Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 46. Aspidium Thelypteroides,
Sw. — North America.

3. L. invisa, Fresl. Aspidium invisum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 18. —

West Indies.

4. L. augescens, J. Sm. Aspidium augescens, Link ; Kunze,

Fil. t. 59 ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 10. Nephrodium
Ottonianum, Kunze. — Tropical America.

ft Fronds deltoid, decompound.

5. L. decomposita, J. Sm. Nephrodium decompositum,

R. Br. ; Hook. Fil. FI. Nov. Zel. t. 79 (exclus. name,
glabellum). Aspidium decompositum, Spreng. ;
Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 33. — Australia, Tasmania, and
New Zealand.

6. L. velutina, J. Sm. Nephrodium (Lastrea) velutinum,

Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 145 ; Hook. Fil. Nov. Zel. t. 80.
Aspidium velutinum, A. Rith — New Zealand.

7. L. pubescens, Fresl. Polypodium pubescens, Linn. Ne-

phrodium pubescens, Hook, et Grew. Ic. Fil. t. 62. —
Jamaica.

8. L. quinquangularis, J. Sm. Aspidium quinquangulare,

Kunze. Aspidium pubescens, Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 25. —
Native country unknown.

154

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. L. recedens, J. Sm. Polypodium recedens, J. Sm. En.

Fil. Phil. Aspidium recedens, Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 1. —
Ceylon and Philippine Islands.

10. L. elegans, Moore and Houlst. — Ceylon.

11. L. pilosissima, J. Sm. Aspidium pilosissima, G. Lon, in

Serb. 1822; J. Sm. — Sierra Leone.

12. L. subquinquifida, J. Sm. Aspidium subquinquifidum,

Beauv. FI. Owar. t. 19. Aspidium protensum, Sw. —
"West Tropical Africa.

13. L. funesta, Moore. Aspidium funestum, Kunze. — Tropical

West Africa, Brazil.

** Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect or suhdecumbent.

f Fronds lanceolate, bipinnatifid, rarely pinnatifid. Veins
generally simple, rarely forked. (Oreopteris.)

14. L. decursive-pinnata, J. Sm. Polypodium decursive-

pinnatum, Hook. 2nd Cent. t. 49. Lastrea decurrens,
J. Sm. Cat. 1846 and 1857. — China, Japan.

15. L. montana, Moore. Polypodium montanum, Vogler.

Polystichum montanum, Both. Polypodium Oreo-
pteris, Ehrhart ; Eng. Bot. t. 1019. Aspidium Oreo-
pteris, Sic. ; Schk. Fil. t. 35, 36. Lastrea Oreopteris,
Presl ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit Ferns, t. 28 ; Sowerby's
Ferns, t. 8. Xephrodium Oreopteris, Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 14. — Far. Xowelliana, Moore; Lowe's Xew
Ferns, p. 99. — Europe.

16. L. patens, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 A 1. Aspidium

patens, Sw. ; Badd.Fil. Bras. t. 40; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 3, 4. — Tropical America.

17. L. concinna, J. Sm. Polypodium concinnum, Willd.

Phegopteris concinna, Fee. Pol3Tpodium molliculum,
Kunze. Phegopteris mollicula, J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Feins, 1857. — Tropical America.

18. L. contermina, Presl. Aspidium conterminum, Willd.

(Plum. Fil. t. 47). Aspidium polyphyllum, Kaulf
A. rivulorum, Link. — Tropical America, West Indies.

19. L. immersa, J. Sm. Aspidium immersum, Blume ; Metten.

Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 18, f. 1-3. Lastrea verrucosa,
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Aspidium impressum, Kunze. —
Malayan Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. l-5c

20. L. cana, J. Sm. Aspidium canum. Wall. Nephrodiurc.

pubescens, D. Don, ( non Sw.). — East Indies.

21. L. strigosa, Presl. Aspidium strigosum, Willd. ; Lowe's

Ferns, 7, t. 10. Polypodium crinitum, Poir. Lastrea
crinita, Moore ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 66. —
Mauritius.

22. L. similis, ■/. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. (n. 390, Cuming). Aspi-

dium submarginaie, Sort. Berol. — Malacca.

23. L. Kaulfussii, Presl. Aspidium Kaulfussii, Link ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 7, t. 5. — Brazil.

24. L. ehrysoloba, Presl. Aspidium cbrysolobum, Link. —

Brazil.

25. L. Caripense, J. Sm. Polypodium Caripense, H. et B.

Polypodium submarginaie. Lang, et Fiscli. Fil. t. 13 ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 49 ( without indusice). Phegopteris
submarginalis, J. Sm. Cat. 1857. — Tropical America.

26. L. vestita, J. Sm. Polypodium vestitum, Eadd. Fil.

Bras. t. 36. — Brazil, West Indies.

27. L. falcieulata, Presl. Aspidium falciculatum, Eadd. Fil

Bras. t. 47. — Brazil.

28. L. Sprengelii, J. Sm. Aspidium Sprengelii, Kaulf.

Aspidium glandiferum, Karst. — Tropical America and
West Indies.

29. L. deltoidea, Moore. Aspidium deltoideum, Sw. Nephro-

dium deltoideum, Desv. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 103. —
West Indies.

ft Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnatijid or bipinnate,
rarely pinnate, usually firm and subcoriaceous. Veins forked,
generally immersed. (Dryopteris.)

30. L. podopbylla, J. Sm. Aspidium (Lastrea) podophyllum,
Hook, in Joum. Bot. and Kew Misc. v. 5, t. 1. Aspi-
dium Sieboldi, Van Houtte, Cat. ; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 20, /. 1—4. Pycnopteris Sieboldi, Moore. —
Japan and Hong-kong. T.

156

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

31. L. Filix-mas, Presl; Hindi. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, 1. 14;

Sowerby's Ferns, t. 9. Polypodium Filix-mas, Linn.
Aspidium Filix-mas, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 44 ; Eng.
Bot. 1458. Nephrodium Filix-mas, Michx; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, 1. 15.

Var. paleacea, Moore ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 17 B. Aspidium paleaceum, Bon. Nephro-
dium Filix-mas, var. paleaceum, Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 98. Lastrea Pseudo-mas, Wollast. L. Filix-mas,
var. Borreri, Johns ; Neplirodium affine, B. T. Loire.

Var. pumila, Moore; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 17 A. Aspidium pumilum, Lowe's Ferns,
6, 1. 15.

Var. cristata, Moore; Hindi, and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 16 A.

Var. incisa, Moore ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 15. Aspidium affine, Fiscli. et Hey. Lastrea
affinis, Moore.

Var. polydactyla, Moore ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 16 B.

Var. ramosissima, Moore, Gard. Cliron. 1864.
Temperate regions of the earth generally.

32. L. remota, Moore. Aspidium remotum, A. Braun;

Loire's New Ferns, t. 22. Neplirodium remotum,
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 22. Aspidium Boottii, Tucker-
man. A. dilatatum, var. Boottii, A. Gray. — Europe
and North America.

33. L. lacera, J. Sm. Polypodium lacerum, Thunb. Aspidium

lacerum, Eaton. — Japan.

34. L. hirtipes, J. Sm. Aspidium hirtipes, Blume. Nephro-

dium (Lastrea) hirtipes, Hook. Sp. Fit. 4, p. 115.
Aspidium atratum, Wall. — India and Ceylon.

35. L. rigida, Brest ; Lindt, and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 18 ;

Soiverby’s Ferns, t. 11. Aspidium rigidum, Sw.;
Schk. Fit. t. 38 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2724 ; Lowe's Ferns,
6, A 21. Nephrodium rigidum, Besv. ; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, 1. 16. — Europe.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 157

36. L. elongata, Presl. Polypodium elongatum, Ait. Aspi-

dium elongatum, Siv. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 234. —
Madeira.

37. L. varia, Moore. Polypodium varium, Linn. Aspidium

varium, Siv. ; Hoolc. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 226. Lastrea
opaca, Hook. — China, Japan.

38. L. Mapoleonis, J. Sm. Aspidium Napoleonis, Bonj ,

Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 255. — St. Helena.

39. L. marginalis, Presl. Polypodium marginale, Linn.

Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium marginalis, Sic.
Schk. Fil. t. 45 B ; Loive's Ferns, 6, t. 6. — North
America.

40. L. Goldiana, Presl. Nephrodium Goldianum, Hook, et

Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 102.— North America.

41. L. erythrosora, J. Sm. Nephi'odium erythrosorum,

Eat.; Hook. Sjo. Fil. 6, t. 253. — Japan.

42. L. Mexicana, Lieb. Nephrodium Mexicanum, Presl.

Aspidium Mexicanum, Kunze. — Mexico.

ttt Fronds tripinnate, 6-10 feet long; stipes thick,
paleaceous ; pinnae 2-2 % feet long, more or less villose; pinnules
4-8 inches long, lanceolate-acuminate, deeply pinnatijid ; seg-
ments entire or pinnatifidly lobed ; ultimate lobes unisorous.
Indusium almost peltate. (Megopteris.)

43. L. villosa, Presl. Polypodium villosum, Sw. (Plum, Fily

t. 27). Aspidium villosum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 46.
Nephrodium (Lastrea) villosum. Hook. Sp. Fil.
t. 264. — West Indies.

ft+f Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnate, generall;
fragile, crenate, dentate, or unequally laciniated, often spinulose
Veins forked. (Lophodium.)

44. L. dilatata, Presl ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 22 ;

Sowerby's Ferns, t. 13. Aspidium dilatatum, Sm.;
Eng. Bot. t. 1461. Nephrodium spinulosum, var.
dilatatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 19.

158

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Var. tanacetifolia, Moore. Polypodium tanaceti-
folium, Hoffm. Aspidium depastum, Sclik. Fil. t. 51.
Aspidium erosum, Sclik. Fil. t. 45.

Yar. nana, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 26 G, B.

Var. dumetorum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 25. Aspidium dumetorum, Sm. Nephro-
dium spinulosum, o dumetorum, Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 21.

Var. collina, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Feins, t. 26 A, B. Lastrea collina, Newm.

Var. Chanteriae, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Feins, t. 24.

Var. glandulosa, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 23.

Europe, North America, and North-East Asia.

45. L. eristata, Presl ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, 1. 19 ;

Sowerby’s Ferns, 1. 10. Polypodium cristatum, Linn.
Aspidium cristatum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 37 ; Eng.
Bot. t. 2125. Nephrodium cristatum, Mick. ; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, 1. 17. — /l, Lancastriense, .J. Sm. Aspidium
Lancastriense, Spreng. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 41. — Europe and
North America.

46. L. intermedia, Presl. Aspidium intermedium, Willd. —

North America.

47. L. spinulosa, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,

t. 21 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, 1. 12. Aspidium spinulosum.
Sic. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 48. Nephrodium spinulosum,
a, bipinnatum, Hook. Brit. Feins, t. 18.

Yar. uliginosa, J. Sm. Lastrea uliginosa, Newm.
Lastrea eristata, var. uliginosa, Moore; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 20. — Europe.

48. L. semula, J. Sm. Polypodium aemulum, Ait. Aspidium

aemulum, Sw. Nephrodium spinulosum, y aemulum,
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 20. Nephrodium Foenisecii,
E. T. Lowe. Lastrea Foenisecii, Watson ; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Feins, t. 27 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 14.
Lastrea recurva, Newm. Lastrea concava, Newm. —
Europe and Madeira.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 159

49. L. glabella, J. Sm. Nephrodium glabellum, A. Cunn.

Aspidium glabellum, Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 36. — New
Zealand.

50. L. Shepherdi, J. Sm. Aspidium Shepherdi, Kunze.

Lastrea acuminata, Houlst. et Moore. Aspidium
acuminatum, Fort. Ang.; Lowe's Ferns, 6, t. 11.
Lastrea atro-virens, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. —
Native country unknown. T.

51. L. hirta, Presl. Aspidium hirtum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 46 B.

Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 11. Polypodium crystallinum,
Kunze, Fil. t. 135. — Jamaica.

52. L. sancta, J. Sm. Polypodium sanctum, Sw. Phe-

gopteris sancta, Fee. — West Indies.

53. L. hispida, Moore and Iloulst. Aspidium hispidum, Sw. ;

Sclik. Fil. t. 49 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 8. Polystichum
hispidum, J. Sm. Cat. 1857. Polypodium setosum,
Forst. — New Zealand.

Fronds bl-tnpinnaiifid, 6-18 inches high, flaccid, ultimate
dents unisorous. Indusium equal with the dent, and forming
with it a bilabiate cyst. (Diclisodon, Moore.)

54. L. deparioides, J. Sm. Nepbrodium (Lastrea) deparioides.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 139. Aspidium deparioides, Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 3. Diclisodon deparioides, Moore. — •
Ceylon.

b. Indusium inflated, cucullate.

76. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernli.

Vernation sub-fasciculate and decumbent or sub-erect, or
uniserial and short sarmentose. Fronds slender, bi-tripinnatifid,
4-15 inches high. Veins forked ; venules free. Receptacles punc-

1G0

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tiform, medial. Sori round. Indusium lateral, oblong or
reniform, cucullate, dentate or fimbriate.

Genus 76.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3, var.

1. C. tenuis, Schott ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 35. Aspidium tenue,

Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 53 B. Aspidium atomarium,
Mulil. ; Willd. Cystopteris atomaria, Presl. — North
America.

2. C. bulbifera, Bernh. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 36. Polypodium

bulbiferum, Linn. Aspidium bulbiferum, Sw. ; Sclik.
Fil. t. 57. — North America.

3. C. fragilis, Bernh. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 52 B ; Lindl. and

Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 46 A, f. 1 ; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t. 19. Polypodium fragile, Linn. Aspidium fragile,
Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 54. Cyathea fragilis, Sm. ; Eng.
Bot. 1. 1587.

Var. dentata, Hook.; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 46 A, f. 4 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 32. Cysto-
pteris dentata, Hook. ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 21.
Cyathea dentata, Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 1588. Poly-
podium dentatum, Dicks.

Var. Dickieana, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 46 A, f. 5, 6 ; Hook. Brit- Ferns, t. 23,
/. 4, 5. Cystopteris dentata, var. Dickieana. Bab. ;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 22. C. Dickieana, Sim.; Lowe's
Ferns, 7, t. 33.

Var. sempervirens, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 46 A,f. 2, 3.

Var. angustata, Link ; Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns,
Oct. Ed. 2, t. 102 C ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 20. —
Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 161

4. C. regia, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t. 46 B. Polypodium regium, Linn. Cystea regia, Sm.
Aspidium regium, Sw. Cyathea
incisa, Sm. Eng. Bot. 1. 163. Poly-
podium alpinum, Jacq. Ic. Bar. _

t. 642. Aspidium alpinum, Sw. ;

Sclilc. Fil.t.62. Cystopteris alpina,

Desv. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 24 ;

Sowerh/s Ferns, t. 23. — Europe.

5. C. montana, Bernh. ; Lindl. and Moore' 3
Brit. Ferns, t. 46 C, f. 1-3 ; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, t. 25; Sowerby's Ferns,
t. 24. Aspidium montanum, Sw. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 63. — Europe.

c. Indusium calyciform.

77. WOODSIA, B. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caespitose.
Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, rarely pinnate,
1-12 inches high, smooth or squamiferous.
Veins simple or forked,
free, the lower exterior
branch sporangiferous on
or below its apex. Becep-
tacles punctiform. Sori
round. Indusium calyci-
form, its margin nearly
entire or deeply laciniated,
laciniae usually termina-
ting in long hairs, which
involve the sporangia.

Genus 77.— Frond of No. 1, and pinna
of No. 5.

M

162

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

§ 1. Woodsia vera. Stipes with a special articulation.
Membrane ofindusium nearly obsolete, fringed with articulated
hairs, which involve the sporangia.

1. W. Ilvensis, R. Br.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 8; Eng. Bot.

i. 2616; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 5; Hindi, and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t. 47 A. Acrostichum Ilvense, Linn.
Polypodium Ilvense, Sw. ; Sclik. Fit. t. 19. — Europe,
Britain. T.

2. W. hyperborea, B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 11, t. 11 ;

Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 119 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 7 ;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 6. Polypodium hyperboreum,
Sw. ; Eng. Bot. t. 2023; Schk. Fil. t. 17 B. — Europe,
Britain. ' T.

§ 2. Fhysematium. Stipes not articulated. Membrane of in~
dusium complete, at length somewhat sinuosc-laciniated.

3. W. polystich.oid.es, Eaton; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 2.

/3 Veitchii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 32. Woodsia
Veitchii, Hance, MSS. — Japan, Manchuria.

4. W. obtusa, Hook.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 43; Lowe’s

Ferns, 7, t. 29. Polypodium obtusum, Sw. ; Schk.
Fil. t. 21. Woodsia Perriniana, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 68. — North America.

5. W. mollis, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 26. Physematium

molle, Kv.nze, Anal Ptcrid. t. 27. Woodsia Mexicana,
B. Br. — Mexico. H.

§ 4. Artliropterce. Fronds always pinnate ; pinnae entire
or subpinnatifid, always articulated with the rachis. Sori
pundiform, terminal. Indusium reniform, rarely obsolete or
wanting.

78 ARTHROPTERIS, /. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum slender, scandent;
stipes pseudo-articulated ; the node of articulation basal
or more or less elevated. Fronds pinnate, 1-1£ foot long ;

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS.

1G3

pinnae entire, dentate or pinnatifid.
Veins forked or pinnate ; venules
free, their apices clavate, the lower
exterior one sporangiferous. Recep-
tacles punctiform. Sort terminal,
round. Indusium reniform or
absent.

a. Indusium absent.

1. A. tenella, J. Sm. in Hook. Fil.

FI. Nov. Zeal. t. 82. Poly-
podium tenellum, Forst.
Schk. Fil. t. 16. Poly-
podium filipes. Hoove, in
Gard. Chron. (1855),
p. 368; Lowe's Ferns, 2,
t. 38. Arthropteris filipes,
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns
(1857). — New Zealand.

Genus 78.— Pinna of No. 1, and
ditto No. 3, natural size.

b. Indusium small, soon obliterated.

2. A. obliterata, J. Sm. Nephrodium. obliteratum, R. Br.

Nephrolepis obliterata. Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 154.
Lindseea Lowci, Hort. — Australia, Malayan and Poly-
nesian Islands.

c. Indusium evident, pinnae pinnatifid.

3. A. albo-punctata, J. Sm. Aspidium albo-punctatum,
Willd. Nephrodium albo-punctatum, Desv. ; Hook.
Fil. Fxot. t. 89. Aspidium leucosticton, Kunze.
Aspidium (Lastrea) Boutonianum, Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 93. — Mauritius, W. Tropical Africa.

M 2

164

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

79. NEPHROLEPIS, Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds pinnate,
linear, 1-6 feet long; pinnae numerous,
oblong or linear-lanceolate and falcate,
entire, dentate or deeply crenate, upper side
of the base auriculated, sessile, articulated
to the rachis. Veins forked ; venules free,
clavate, the lower exterior one fertile. Sori
terminal, round, sub-marginal, transverse
uniserial. Indusium reniform or nearly
orbicular (as in figure), sometimes equal
and conniving with the soriferous crenule,
forming a marginal bilabiate cyst.

1. N. pectinata, Schott ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 18. Aspidium pectinatum,
Willd. Aspidium trapezoides,
Schk. Fit. t. 29 j B. Aspidium
Schkuhrii, Link. — Tropical
America.

2. N. undulata, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 20. Aspidium undulatum, Sw. —
West Africa.

3. N. tuberosa, Presl; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 25. Aspidium tuberosum, Borg.

Genus 79— Pinna of Nephrodium edule, D. Don. —

fertile frond, under -ri , T

side. No. s. East Indies.

4. 1ST. exaltata, Schott, Gen.Fil. t. 3; Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 35;

Lowe’s Ferns, 7, 1. 19. Polypodium exaltatm, L inn. ;
(Plum. Fit. t. 63). Aspidium exaltatum, nw. ; Schk.
Fil. t. 32 B ; Eadd. Fil. Bras. t. 46. Eephrodium
exaltatum, E. Br. — Tropical America.

5. N. ensifolia, Presl; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 22. Aspidium

ensifolium, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 32. Aspidium acutum,
Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 31. Xephrolepis platyotis, Eunze ;
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 26, /. 1. — Tropical America
and Java.

6. N. hirsutula, Presl; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 21. Aspidium

hirsutulum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 33. Lepidoneuron hir-
sutulum, Fee. Aspidium pilosum, Lang, et Fisch.
Fil. t. 16. — East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

1G5

7. N bisserata, Schott. Aspidium bisseratum, Sw. ; Schk.

Fil. t. 33. Nephrodium bisseratum, Fresl. — Philip-
pine Islands.

8. N. davallioidcs, Moore ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 23 ; HooJc.Fil.

Exot. t. 60. Aspidium davallioides, Sw. ; Hook. Ic.
Plant, t. 395-6. — Malayan Archipelago.

80. CYCLOPELTIS, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds
pinnate, 1-3 feet high ; pinnae entire, falcate,
lanceolate, 4-9 inches long, sessile, auriculated
at the base, articulated with the rachis. Veins
two or three times forked; venules free, the
lower interior and exterior ones sporangiferous
on or below their apices. Receptacles puncti-
form. Sori round, transverse, biserial. In-
dicium orbicular.

1. C. semicordata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort.

Hew. (1846) ; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 3.
Aspidium semicordatum, Sw.; (Plum.
Fil. t. 113). Lastrea semicordata,
Fresl, Hemicardium Nephrolepis,
Fee. Polystichnm semicordatum,
Moore. — West Indies.

Genas 80. — Pinna
of mature tronil,
underside. No. 1.

§ 5. Eidymoclilcence. Fronds always bipinnate ; pinnae and
pinnules articulate with the rachis. Sori punctiform, oblong,
terminal. Indusium oblong hippocrepiform.

81. DIDYMOCHL2ENA, Desv.

Vernation fasciculate and erect, subarboreous. Fronds bi-
pinnate, 2-6 feet long ; pinnules oblong-elliptical, oblique, base
truncate, subsessile, articulated with the rachis. Veins radiating,

166 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

forked ; costa excentric ; venules direct, free, their apices clavate,
the anterior one sporangiferous. Receptacles oblong. Sori

terminal, elliptical, marginal. Indusium oblong, attached lon-
gitudinally, hippocrepiform.

1. D. lunulata, Desv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 17. Didy-
mochlaena truncatula, J. Sin. Gat. Cult. Ferns (1857).
Aspidium truncatulum, Sic. Aspidium squamatum,
Willd, ; (Plum. Fil. t. 56). Didymochlaena sinuosa,
Desv. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 8. Diplazium pulcherrimum,
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 59. — Malayan Archipelago and
Tropical America.

ff Sori destitute of special indusium.

§ 6. StnitJiiopterece. Fertile fronds contracted; segments
revolute , forming a universal indusium, enclosing crowded
pundiform sori.

82. STRUTHIOPTERIS, Willd.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate
1-3 feet high. Veins pinnate ; venules free, the fertile pinnae
contracted, linear, with membranous, revolute, conniving mar-
gins, forming a universal indusium. Receptacles medial, base

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PERNS. 167

of the pedicels of the sporangia concrete, forming thickened
receptacles. Sori round, confluent.

Genus 82.— Portions of sterile and fertile pinna, natural size, and ditto
fertile, enlarged. No. 1.

1. S. Germaniea, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 63 ; Hook. Gen.

Fil. t. 69. Onoclea Struthiopteris, Sw. ; Schk. Fil.
t. 105. — Germany.

2. S. Pennsylvanica, Willd. — North America.

§ 7. Phegopterice. Sori punctiform, rarely oblong, naked,
or seated in the axis of reflexed indusiform dents.

83. AMPHIDE6MIUM, Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent and criniferous. Fronds
pinnate, 4-6 feet long, smooth ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, adhe-
rent. Veins simple or rarely forked, parallel. Receptacles
punctiform. Sori medial, round, criniferous, irregular, often
more than one on the same vein.

168

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Genus 83.— Portion of pinnae, slightly enlarged. No. 1.

1. A. blechnoides, Klotzsch. Polypodium bleclmoides, Rich.

Alsophila blechnoides, Hook. Sp.Fil. Amphidesmiuru
rostratum, J. 8m. Gen. Fil. Polypodium rostratum,
Humh. Metaxya rostrata, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 42P. Ampbidesmium Parkeri, Schott. Polypodium
Parkeri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 232. — West Indies
and Tropical America.

84. PHEGOPTERIS, Fee; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect,
or decumbent. Fronds varying from pinnate to decompound-

Genus 31.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 7.

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED EERNS. 1G(J

multi fid, and from 1-6 feet high. Veins forked or pinnate ;
venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal, medial, or hasal.
Sori round, rarely oblong, naked.

§ 1. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming ccespitose.
(Anopodium.)

1. P. alpestris, .7. Sm. Polypodium alpestre, Hoppe ; Hindi.

and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 7, A, B, G ; Sowerby's
Ferns, 2, t. 49 ; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 39. Aspidium
alpestre, Hoppe ; Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 60, exclus. syn.
Linn. — Europe, Britain.

2. P. flexilis, 7. Sm. Polypodium flexile, Moore. Polypodium

alpestre, var. flexile, Hindi, and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 7, D, E ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 6. — Scotland.

§ 2. Vernation fascicidate, erect ; caudex becoming elevated,
solitary. (Desmopodium.)

3. P. hastsefolia, 7. Sm. Polypodium hastaefolium, Sw. ;

Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 203 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 55. —
Jamaica.

4. P. Walkerse, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 233. — Ceylon.

5. P. Sieberianum, Fee. Polypodium Sieberianum, Kaulf. ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 235. — Mauritius.

6. P. decussata, 7. Sm. Polypodium decussatum, Linn.

(Plum. Fil. t. 24) ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 54. Polypodium
grammicum, Spr. — Wect Indies.

7. P. macroptera, Fee. Polypodium macropterum, Kaulf.

Polypodium formosum, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 53. Also-
phila Fischeriana, Regel, Hort. Petrop. — Brazil.

8. P. ampla, Fee. Polypodium amplum, Humb. ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 9, t. 52. — Martinique.

9. P. spectabilis, Fee. Polypodium spectabile, Kaulf.;

Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 43. — Tropical America.

10. P. laehnopoda, 7. Sm. Polypodium lachnopodium,

J.Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew (1846); Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t. 33.— Jamaica.

170

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

11. P. drepana, J. Srn. Aspidium drepanum, Sw.; Schk.

Fil. t. 43 C. Polystichum drepanum, Presl. Poly-
podium drepanum, Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 34. — Madeira.

12. P. rufescens, Metten. Polypodium rufescens, Blurne, Fil.

Jav. t. 91; Tliwait. Enum. PI. Zeyl. 394. — Java,
Ceylon.

§ 3. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. (Catapodium, J. Sm.)

13. P. divargens, Fee. Polypodium divergens, Willd. ; Schk.

Fil. t. 26 B ; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 23. Poly podium
multifidum, Jacq. Ic. Bar. t. 643. — West Indies.

14. P. effusa, Fee. Polypodium effusum, Sw. ; Sloane, Hist.

Jam. t. 57, f. 3 ; Schk. Fil. t. 26 C. — West Indies.

15. P. trichodes, J. Sen. Polypodium trichodes, Beinw.;

J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Polypodium tenericaule. Wall.
Cat, ; Hook. Sjp. Fil. t. 269. Aspidium uliginosum,
Eunze . — Malayan Archipelago.

16. P. unidentata, J. Sm. Polypodium unidentatum, Hook.

S_p.Fil. 4, p. 247. — Sandwich Islands.

§ 4. Vernation uniserial, distant, (Phegopteris vera.)

17. P. aurita, J. Sm. Gymnogramma aurita, Hook. Ic. PI

t. 974 and 989. Grammitis aurita, Moore. Lepto-
gramma aurita, Hort. — East Indies.

18. P. hexagonoptera, Fee. Polypodium hexagon opterum,

Michx. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 49. — Xorth America,

19. P. Kobertiana, J. Sm. Polvpodium Robertianum, Hoff. ;

Lfndl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 6; Hook. Bint.
Ferns, t. 5. Phegopteris calcarea, Fee ; J. Sm. Cat.
Cult. Ferns (1857). Polj’podium calcareum, Sm.Eng.
Bot. t. (1525). — Temperate Zone of the Northern
Hemisphere, Britain.

20. P. Dryopteris, Fee. Polvpodium Dryopteris, Linn.;

Schk, Fil. t. 25; Eng. Bot. t. 616 ; Lindl, and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t. 6 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 4. — Temperate
Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

AX ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 171

21. P. vulgaris, Metten. Phegopteris polypodioides, Fee.

Polypodium Phegopteris, Linn.; Fng. Bot. t. 2224;
Schh. Fil. t. 20 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 4;
Mooh. Brit. Ferns, t. 3. — Temperate Zone of . the
Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

22. P. rugulosa, Fee. Polypodium rugulosum, Labill. Nov.

Moll. t. 241. — Tasmania and New Zealand.

85. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose.
feet high, smooth, pilo-glandulose or
aculeate. Veins forked or pinnate ;
venules free, the lower exterior
branch sporangiferous on its apex.
Receptacles punctiform. Sori round,
marginal, each seated in the axis of
a reflexed indusiform crenule.

1. H. repens, Presl; Mooh. Sp.

Fil. 2, t. 90 B ; Moolc. et
Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 67 B.
Lonchites repens, Linn. ;
(Plum. Fil. t. 12). — West
Indies.

2. H. tenuifolia, Bernh.; Mooh.

Sp. Fil. 2, t. 89 C. Lon-
chites tenuifolia, Forst.
Cheilanthes arborescens,
Sw. — Malayan Archipelago
and Polynesia.

Fronds bi-tripinnate, l-6;

Genus 95.— Fertile pimn,
under side. No. 3.

3. H. amaurorachis, Mooh. Sp.Fil.; Metten. Fil. Mort.Lips *

t. 16, f. 1 ; Lowe's New Ferns, i. 2. Cheilanthes
amaurorachis, Kunze. — Au stralia. .

4. H. distans, Mooh. Sp. Fil. 2 ,t. 95 G. — New Zealand.

172

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tribe VII.— PTERIDE^].

Sori marginal, round, oblong or linear, interrupted or con-
tinuous. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached on the margin
of the frond, special to each sorus, or sometimes universal to
two or more sori.

§ 1. Cheilanthece. Sori marginal, round or oblong, distinct
or laterally contiguous and confluent forming a compound linear
sorus. Indusium special to each receptacle, or more or less
linearly continued and common to two or more receptacles.

86. NOTHOLiENA, B. Br. ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, generally erect, ccespitose. Fronds
pinnate or bi-pinnate, 6-18 inches high, pilo-tomentose, squa-
mose or farinose. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal.

Genas 86. — Mature frond, upper side. No. 10.

Sporangia few to each receptacle, contiguous, forming a mar-
ginal row in the axis of the reflexed sub-indusiform margin.

1. N. trichomanoid.es, II. Br.; Lowe's Ferns, 1 , t. It B.

Pteris triclxomanoides, Linn. ; {Blum. Fil. t. 75); Schk.
Fil. t. 99. — Jamaica.

2. N. rufa, Brest. Notholaena ferruginea, Look. 2nd Cent, of

Ferns, t. 52. — Mexico, Peru.

0. N. brachypus, J. Sm. Cheilanthes brachypus, Kunze.

Notholaena squamata, Lort. N. squamosa, Lowe's
Ferns, 1, t. 17 B. — Mexico.

4. N. distans, II. Br. ; Lahill. Nov. Cald. t. 7 ; Look. Ir. Bl.

t. 980; Loive's Ferns, 1, t. 19. — Australia, New
Zealand, and New Caledonia.

5. N. mollis, Kunze, Fil. t. 53, /. 2. — Chili.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 173

6. N. Marantae, R. Rr. Acrostichurn Marantse, Linn.;

Sclik. Fil. t. 4 ; Sibth. FI. Gr. t. 964. — South of
Europe and !North Asia.

7. N. Canariense, J. Sm. Acrostichurn Canariense, Willd. —

Teneriffe and Cape de Verd Islands.

8. N. sinuata, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 45 ; Rot. Mag. t. 4699.

Acrostichurn sinuatum, Sw. — Mexico.

9. N. lsevis, Mart, et Gal. hi. crassifolia, Moore ct Houlst. >

Loiue’s Ferns, 1, t. 14 A. — Mexico.

10. N. Eckloniana, Kunze; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 17 A. —

South Africa.

11. N. lanuginosa, Desv. Acrostichurn lanuginosum, Dcsf. ;

FI. Atlan. 2, t. 256; Sclik. Fil. t. 1. Acrostichurn
velleum, Ait. ; Sibth. FI. Gr. t. 656. — South Europe
and Madeira.

12. N. sulphurea, J. Sm. in Seemann’s Rot. Voy. Herald,

j>. 233. Pteris sulphurea, Gav. Cheilanthes Bor-
sigiana, Richcnb. fil. in Hort. Rerol. ; Lowe’s New
Ferns, t. 16 A. — Peru.

87. MYRIOPTEJEtlS, Fee.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose, or suhfasciculate and ccespi-

Gcnus 87.— Matuie frond, under
side. No. 3.

Genus 87.— Pinna of mature
frond, underside. No. 1.

174

FERNS ! BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tose. Fronds 4-18 inches high, slender, decompound, pinnatifid,
pilose or piloso-squamiferous ; ultimate segments minute, gene-
rally orbicular or cuneiform, concave ; the margin membranous,
revolute, conniving, forming an universal cucullate indusium.
Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia few to each
receptacle, confluent under the uniserial indusium.

1. M. lendigera, Fee. Cheilanthes lendigera, Sw. ; Hook.

Sp. Fil, t. 106 A. Notholaena lendigera, Sm. Gen.
Fit. Cheilanthes tenuis, Hort.; Lowe's Ferns, 4,
t. 23. — Tropical America. T.

2. M. myriopliylla, J. Sm. Cheilanthes myriopliylla, Desv. ;

Hook. Sp.Fil. t. 105 A. — Tropical America. T.

3. M. elegans, J. Sm. Cheilanthes elegans, Desv. ; Hook. Sp.

Fil. 1. 105 B ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 20. Myriopteris
Marsupianthus, Fee, Gen. Fil. 1. 12 A, f. 1. — Tropical
America. T.

4. M. tomentosa, Fee. Cheilanthes tomentosa, Link ; Hook.

Sp. Fil. t. 109 A. — Mexico and Southern United
States.

5. M. frigida, J. Sm. Cheilanthes frigida, Linden. Chei-

lanthes lendigera, Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 24. — Tropical
America. T.

6. M. vestita, J. Sm. Cheilanthes vestita, Sw. ; Sckk. Fil.

t. 124 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 108 B. Notholaena vestita,
Desv. ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 16 B. —
North America. T.

7. M. hirta, J. Sm. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

2, t. 101 B ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 18. Cheilanthes
Ellisiana, Hort. — South Africa.

88. CHEILANTHES, Sw. {in part).

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tri-
pinnate, rarely simple pinnate, 4-18 inches or more in height,
smooth, pilose, glandulose, squamose or farinose; ultimate seg-
ments often small. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

175

Sori round, marginal, distinct or laterally confluent. Indusium
reniform or subrotund, and special to each sorus, or more or

Genus 88.— Pinna of mature frond,
underside. No. 13.

Genus »».— Fertile pinna,
underside. No. 14.

less elongated, plain or undulate, and including two or more
sori.

§ 1. Indusium oblong or linear, common to two or more
clusters of sporangia. Fronds smooth, pilose, tomentose, sguamose,
or glandulose. (Eucheilanthes, Hook.)

1. C. micropteris, Sw. Syn: Fil. t. 3, /. 5. — Quito and

Brazil.

2. C. viscosa, Link; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 93 B ; Lowe's Ferns,

4, t. 25. — Tropical America. T.

3. C. fragrans, Sw. {in part) ; Hook.; Lowe' s Ferns, 4, 1. 17 B.

Polypodium fragrans, Linn. Cheilanthes odora, Sw. ;
Sclik. FI. t. 123. C. suaveolens, Sw. ; Schk. Fil.
1. 19 ; Sibth. Fil. Gr. t. 966 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen.
Fil. t. 106 B. C. Maderensis, B. T. Lowe. — South
Europe and Madeira.

176

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. C. tenuifolia, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 125 ; Fool:. Sp. Fit. f. 87 C.

— East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, and
New Zealand.

5. C. microphylla, Sw. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 58) ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

2, t. 98 A. C. micromera, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4,
t. 16. — Tropical America. T.

G. C. Sieberi, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 97 B. Cheilanthes
Preissiana, Kunze Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 29. — Australia
and New Zealand.

7. C. Alabamensis, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 103 B ; Hook.

Fil. Exot.t. 90. — South United States. T.

8. C. spectabilis, Kaulf. ; Loiue’s Ferns, 4, t. 15. Hypolepis

spectabilis, Link ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 88 B. Adiantopsis
spectabilis, Fee. Cheilanthus Brasiliensis, Racld. Fil.
Bras. t. 75, /. 2. — Brazil. T.

9. C. multiflda, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 100 B ; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 39. — South Africa, St. Helena, Java.

§ 2. Indusium linear, continuous, sinuose-undulate.
Fronds farinose. (Aleuritopteris, Fee.)

10. C. argentea, Kunze ; Lang, et Fiscli. 1c. Fil. t. 22. Pteris

argentea, Gmel.; Sw. — Siberia. T.

11. C. farinosa, Kaulf. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 134 ; Hook.

Bot.Mag. t. 4765. Cassebeera farinosa, J. Sm. olim.
Pteris farinosa, Forsk. Cheilanthes dealbata, Don.
Allosorus dealbatus, Presl. Pteris Argyrophylla,
Sw.— India and Arabia.

12. C. pulveracea, Presl. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 28. Aleuri-

topteris Mexicanum, Fee. — Mexico. T.

§ 3. Indusium subrotund, special to each cluster of sporangia.
Fronds smooth. (Adiantopsis, Fee.)

13. C. pteroides, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 101 A; Lowe’s

Ferns, 4, t. 21. Adiantopsis pteroides, Moore. — South
Africa.

14. C. Capensis, Sw. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 26 A. Hypolepis

Capensis, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 77. Adiantopsis Capensis,
Moore. — South Africa.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

177

15. C. radiata, J Sm; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 18. Adiantum

radiatum, Linn. ; Sw. ; (Plum. Fil. 1. 100). Hypolepis
radiata, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 91 A. Adiantopsis radiata.
Fee. — Tropical America.

16. C. pedata, A. Br. Hypolepis pedata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,
t, 92 A. Adiantopsis pedata, Moore. — Jamaica.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caespitose. Fronds bi-tripinnate,
6—10 inches high, the fertile contracted ; segments oblong,
linear ; margins membranous, revolute, oppositely conniving,

Genus 89.— Portion of barren pinna, natural size, ditto fertile enlarged
and unfolded. No. 1.

forming an universal indusium. Veins forked, free. Receptacles
terminal, subelongated. Sori defined, oblong, becoming late-
rally confluent, forming a compound, broad, intramarginal,
linear sorus, included under the universal indusium.

1. C. crispa, R. Br. ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 115 B ;

Hook. Brit. Ferns, '6, t. 34. Pteris crispa, Linn. ; Sw. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 98; Eng. Bot. t. 1160. Allosorus crispus,
Bernh. ; Presl ; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 8 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 34. Phorolobus
crispus, JDesv. — Temperate Regions of the Northern
Hemisphere.

89. CRYPTOGRAMME, R. Br.

N

178

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

90. CINCINALIS, Desv. (in part) ; Fee.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tripinnate, 4-12 inches
high, slender; pinnae distant, spreading; pinnules ovate, hastate-
lobed or trifoliate, plane, smooth, glaucous or farinose. Veins

Genus 90. — Portion of mature frond, under side. No. ].

forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia large, globose,
sessile, definite, in a short series on the upper portion of the
venules, becoming laterally confluent, forming a broad sub-
intramarginal sorus. Indusium obsolete or very narrow.

* Fronds smooth, glaucous.

1. C. tenera, Fee. Notholaena tenera. Gill. ; Hook. Rot. Mag.

t. 3055 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 22, /. 2 ; Hook, et Bauer. Gen.
Fil. t. 76 A ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 15. — Chili.

** Fronds farinose.

2. C. nivea, Desv. Pteris nivea, Lam.; Sw. Notholaena

nivea, Desv. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 22, f. 1 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t. 19 C. Acrostichum albidulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 1,
f. 2. Notholaena incana, Presl, Bel. Hcenk. t. 1,
/. 2. — Tropical America.

3. C. pulchella, J. Sm. Allosorus pulchellus, Mart, et Gal.

Fil. Mex. t. 10,/. 1. Pellaea pulchella. Fee; Hook. —
Mexico. Tr.

4. C. Hookeri, J. Sm. Notholaena Hookeri, Lowe’s Ferns, 1,

obs. sub t. 19 C et 1. 13. — Tropical America.

5. C. flavens, Desv.; Fee, Gen. Fil. 5, t. 30; Lowe’s New

Ferns, t. 8. Acrostichum flavens, Sw. Gymno-
gramme flavens, Kaulf. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 47.
Notholaena chrysopbylla, Hurt — Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 179

91. PELL.® A, Link.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, squamose. Fronds
palmate, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate, 5 inches to 6 feet high ; pin-
nules articulated to the rachis or to a short petiole. Veins
forked; venules free. Becejotacles terminal, generally con-

Genus 91 . — Fertile pinna, under side. No. 6.

tiguous, forming a more or less broad, compound, continuous
marginal sorus, or rarely distant, and each receptacle forming
definite round sori. Indusium linearly continuous or sub-
rotund and special to each receptacle.

N 2

180

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. P. geraniifolia, Fee. Pteris geraniifolia, Eadd. Fit, Bras.

t. 67 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 915. Pteris concolor, Lang, et
Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 21. Platyloma geraniifolia, Lowe's
Ferns, 3, t. 27. — East Indies, Polynesia, Tropical
America.

2. P. cuneata, J. Sm. Cheilanthes cuneata, Link ; Kunze,

Fil. t. 36. — Cheilanthes rufescens. Link. — Mexico.

3. P. profusa, J. Sm. Cheilanthes profusa, Kunze, Fil, 1. 17.

Notholaena profusa, Presl. — South Africa.

4. P. intramarginalis, J. Sm. Pteris intramarginalis, Kaulf. ;

Kunze, Anal. Pterid. 1. 17. /. 1. Pteris fallax, Mart,
et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 14, f. 2. Cheilanthes intra-
marginalis, Hook. Platyloma intramarginalis, Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t. 31. — Mexico.

5. P. glauca, J. Sm. Pteris glauca, Cav. Cheilanthes

glauca, Metten. Cheil. t. 31,/. 18, 19. — Mexico.

6. P. hastata, Link ; Fee; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 116 B ; Hook,

Fil. Exot. t. 50. Platyloma hastatum et adiantoides,
Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 32, 33. Pteris hastata, Sw.
Allosorus hastatus, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 5. —
South Africa.

7. P. consobrina, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 117 A. Pteris con-

sobrina, Kunze. — South Africa.

8. P. atropurpurea, Link ; Fee. Pteris atropurpurea, Linn. ;

Schk. Fil. t. 99. — North America. T.

9. P. Calomelanos, Link; Fee. Pteris Calomelanos, Sw. ;

Schlecht. Adurnb. t. 24. Allosorus Calomelanos,
Presl; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4769. Platyloma
Calomelanos, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Feins, 3, t. 26. — South
Africa. Tr.

10. P. ternifolia, Link ; Fee ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 15. Pteris

ternifolia, Cav. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 126. Platy-
loma temifolium, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 24 B. —
Tropical America. T.

11. P. Wrightiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 115 B. — New Mexico.

12. P. sagittata, Link. Pteris sagittata, Cav. Allosorus

sagittatus, Presl ; Kunze, Fil. t. 24. — Peru. T.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 181

13. P. flexuosa, Link ; Fee. Pteris flexuosa, Kaulf. ; Kook.

Ic. PI. t. 119. Allosorus flexuosus, Kunze, Fil. t. 23 ;
Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4762. Platyloma flexuosum,
J. Sm,. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 25. — Tropical America. T.

14. P. cordata, J. Sm. ( non Fee). Pteris cordata, Cav. Allo-

sorus cordatus, Presl ; Kook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4698. —
Tropical America. T.

92. PLATYLOMA, J. Sm. {in part)

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum sub-
hypogseous. Fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet
high ; pinnae entire, opaque. Veins
forked ; venules free. Receptacles ter-
minal, oblong, contiguous, forming a
broad, compound, continuous, mar-
ginal sorus. Indusium linear, con-
tinuous, narrow, subobsolete.

Genus 92.— Fertile pinnae, underside. No. 1 ; ditto enlarged. No. 3.

182

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. P. Brownii, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 29. Adiantum

paradoxum, B. Br. Pellaea paradoxa, Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 21 ; Sp. Fil. 2, t. 3 A. Pellaea cordata, Fee ( non
J. Sm.). — Australia.

2. P. falcatum, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 30 A B ; Hoolc.

Gen. Fil. t. 115 A ( excl . name P. Brownii). Pteris
falcata, B. Br. Pteris seticaulis, Hoolc. Ic. PI. t. 207.
Pellaea falcata. Fee; Hoolc. Sp. Fil, 2, t. Ill B. — East
Indies, Australia.

3. P. rotundifolium, J. Sm.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 24 A.

Pteris rotundifolia, Forst. ; Schlc. Fil. t. 99 ; Hoolc. Ic.
PI. t. 422. Pellaea rotundifolia, Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 48. — New Zealand.

93. ADIANTUM, Linn.

Vernation distant, sarmentose or subfasciculate, decumbent
and caespitose. Fronds simple-reniform, pinnate or bi-tripin-
nate ; pinnae and pinnules articulated with the petiole ; costa
excentric or obsolete. Veins unilateral or radiating, forked ;

Genus 93. — Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 16.

venules free, terminating in the axis of a reflexed orbicular or
elongated portion of the margin (indtisium), which is altered in
texture, venose and sporangiferous on its under side, ultimately
becoming replicate.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 183

1. Iteniforme group.

Fronds simple, reniform.

1. A. reniforme, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 115; Lodd. Bot. Cab.

t. 841 ; Hook. Exot. FI. t. 104 ; Sp. Fil. 2, t. 71 A ;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 8 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 2 B. —
Madeira, Teneriffe.

2. Caudaium group.

Fronds pinnate, pinnae narrow.

2. A. lunulatum, Burm. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 104 ;

Lowe's Ferns, 3, t • 8 B. Adiantum arcuatum, Sw. —
East Indies.

3. A. dolabriforme, Hook. Ic. FI. t. 191. — East Indies,

Malay and Pacific Islands, Brazil.

4. A. caudatum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 117; Hook. Exot. FI.

t. 104 ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 2 A. — East Indies.

3. Macrophyllum group.

Fronds pinnate, erect ; pinnae broad.

■5. A. lucidum, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 79 C (excl. f. 4) ;
Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 4 A. — Tropical America.

•6. A. obliquum, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 79 A. — Tropical
America.

7. A. Kaulfussii, Kunze. Adiantum obliquum, Kaulf. ;

Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 190 ( non Willd.). — Tropical
America.

8. A. Wilsoni, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 72 A; Lowe's Ferns, 3,

t. 16 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. 1. 14. — Jamaica.

9. A. macrophyllum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 132 ;

Hook. Fil. Exot, t. 55. — Tropical America.

4. ilonosoratum group.

Fronds uniformly bipinnate.

10. A. villosum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 120. A; varium, Fresl ;

Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 18. — Tropical America.

184

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

11. A. pulverulentum, Linn.; (Plum. Fil. t. 55); SchTc. Fil.

t. 119; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 17. A. monosoratum,
Willd.

Var. — Fronds small, pink when young. — A.rigidum,
Hort. Berol.

Var. — Fronds small, green when young. — A. tetra-
phyllum, Hort. Berol. — Tropical America.

5. Prionophyllum group.

12. A. intermedium, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 20. A.

Brasiliense, Link (non Badd.). A. triangulatum,
Kaulf. ; Klotz. — Tropical America.

13. A. prionophyllum, H. B K. A. tetraphyllum, Willd. —

Tropical America.

14. A. fovearum, Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 77.— Brazil.

6. Trapeziforme group.

Fronds large, tripinnate ; pinnae distant, alternate.

15. A. subcordatum, Sw. ; A. betulinum, Kaulf. A. trun-

cation, Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 78, f. 1. — Brazil.

16. A. trapeziforme, Linn. A. rhomboideum, Schk. Fil.

1. 122. — West Indies and Tropical America.

17. A. pentadaetylon, Lang, et Fiscli. Ic. Fil. t. 25 ; Hook, et

Grrev. Ic. Fil. t. 98. — Brazil.

18. A. Mathewsianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 84 A. — Peru.

19. A. cultratum, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 21 ; Moore, in

Gard. Citron. (1855), p. 660. — Tropical America.

20. A. curvatum, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil, 2, t. 84 C. Lowe's

Ferns, 3, t. 6. — Brazil.

21. A. polyphyllum, Willd. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 12. A.

cardiochlaena, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 83 A. —
Tropical America.

22. A. cristatum, Linn.; Jacg. Ic. Bar.t. 646; Lowe’s Ferns,

3, t. 22. — West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 185

23. A. Feei, Moore. A. flexuosum. Kook. 2nd Cent. Ferns,

t. 61. — Mexico.

7. Formosum group.

Fronds quadripinnate, decompound, with distant alternate
pinnae.

24. A. Brasiliense, Rudd. Fil. Bras. t. 76. — Brazil.

25. A. Wilesianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 83 C; Lowe’s New

Ferns, t. 29. — Jamaica.

26. A. affine, Willd. A. trapeziforme, Forst. ( non Linn) ;

Schk. Fil. t. 121 B. — New Zealand.

27. A. Cunninghami, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 86 A ; Loire's

Ferns, 3, t. 12. — New Zealand.

28. A. formosum, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 88 B ; Loire's

Ferns, 3, t. 11. — New Holland and New Zealand.

8. Flabellatum group.

Fronds dichotomously pedate-Jialellate.

29. A. flabellulatum, Linn. (Pluk. t. 4, /. 3). A. fuscum,

Retz. Obs. 2, t. 5. A. amoenum, Wall.; Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 103. — East Indies.

30. A. patens, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 87 A. — Tropical

America.

31. A. pedatum, Linn.; Sclik. Fil. t. 115; Lowe's Ferns, 3,

t. 14. — North America, North Africa.

32. A. hispidulum, Sw. A. pubescens, Schk. Fil. t. 116;

Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 9. — Var. tenellum, Moore, Ind.
A. hispidulum, Hort. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 13 A. —
East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, New
Zealand, and Pacific Islands.

33. A. setulosum, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew, in Bot. Mag.

(1846). A. affine, Hook. Sp. Fil. ( excl . syn. Willd.;
Forst.; Sclik.; A. Cunn.) — Norfolk Island, and
Fijis.

34. A. fulvum, Raoul; Hook. Sp. Fil.t. 85 A; Lowe’s Ferns,

3, 1. 19. — New Zealand, and Fijis.

186

FE3NS: BEITISH AND FOEEIGN.

9. Tenerum group.

Fronds dichotomously decompound.

35. A. tenerum, Sw. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 95) ; Moore et Houlst.

Gard. Mag. Bot. 3,/. 22. — West Indies and Tropical
America.

36. A. sulphureum, Kaulf. : Kunze, Anal. t. 22, f. 1; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 2, t. 76 A.— Chili.

37. A. Chilense, Kaulf.; Hook, et Grev.Ic.Fil. t. 173; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 2, t. 75 B.— Chili.

38. A. emarginatum, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil, 2, t. 75 A. —

South Africa, Mauritius.

10. Capillus Veneris group.

39. A. eoncinnum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Fil. 1. 121 ( non Sw.). —

Tropical America.

40. A. capillus-veneris, Linn.; Sm.Eng.Bot.t.(l564) ; Hook.

Gen. Fil. t. 66 B ; Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 45 ;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 40 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 74 B ;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 41. A. Moritzianum, Klotz. —
Tropical and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres.

41. A. JEthiopicum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 77 A. A.

assimile, Loire's Ferns, 3, t. 8 ( non Sw.). — Tropics.

42. A. cuneatum, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 26 ; Badd. Fil

Bras. t. 78, /. 2 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 30. —
Brazil.

43. A. assimile, Sic. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 4. A. trigonum,

Labil. Nov. Holl. t. 248,/. 2. — Australia, Tasmania.

§ 2. Pteridece verce. Sori marginal, transversely elongated.
Indusium linear, plane.

94. OCHROPTERIS, J. Sm. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 106 A.

Vernation decumbent. Fronds deltoid, long stipate, decom-
pound, 2-3 feet high, smooth, glossy ; stipes and racheae pale,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 187

stramineous; ultimate pinnules and lobes oblong-elliptical,
cuneiform, marginate, usually oblique. Veins pinnately forked,
radiating ; venules direct, apices of the sterile clavate, free, the

Genus 94.— Portion of frond, natural size; two ditto, enlarged. No. 1.

fertile 2-4 converging and transversely combined by a thick
impressed, sporangiferous marginal receptacle. Son oblong,
rarely two on each lobe. Indusium formed of the reflexed
margin, thick, coriaceous.

1. O. pallens, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841) ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 77 ;

Hook, et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 106 A. Adiantum
pallens, Sw. — Mauritius.

95. ONYCHIUM, Kaulf.

Vernation fasciculate and decumbent, or distant and sarmen-
tose. Fronds decompound multifid, 1-3 feet high, smooth ;
sterile segments cuneiform. Veins forked, free, their apices
clavate ; fertile segments linear, apiculate, veins simple, short.

188

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

their apices transversely combined by the receptacle. Sonia
linear, in the axis of a linear slightly intramarginal indusium.

Genas 95. — Portion ot frond, natural size; two ditto, enlarged. No. 1.

the inner free margin of which connives with the inner margin
of the opposite indusium, ultimately becoming replicate, with
the sporangia of both sori confluent.

1. O. Japonicum, Kunze. Trichomanes Japonicum, Thunb.

0. Capense, Kaulf. En. Fil. t. 1, /. 8. 0. lucidum,

Cat. Hort. Eew. (1856) ( non Spreng.) (non Hook.). —
Japan.

2. O. auratum, Kaulf. Lomaria decomposita, 1). Don. Pteris

chrvsocarpa, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 107. — East
Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

96. PTERIS, Linn, (in part).

Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial and
6armentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tri-quadripinnate, rarely simple,
from a few inches to six or more feet high ; the ultimate pinnae
entire, sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid. Veins forked ; sterile venules
free, the apices of the fertile transversely combined by the

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 189

receptacle, constituting a linear, continuous or interrupted

sorus. Indusium linear, marg:

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent
ccespitosc.

f Fronds simply pinnate.

P. longifolia, Linn. ; {Plum.
Fil. t. 69); Schk. Fit.
t. 88; Lowe's Ferns, 3,
t. 42. P. vittata, Linn.
P. ensifolia, Sw. P. lan-
ceolata, Besf. P. Alpini,
Desv. P. obliqua, Fdrsk.
P. costata, Bory. P.
eequalis, Presl. P. acu-
minatissimum, Blume.
P. amplectans, Wall. P.
Babamensis, Fee. — Tro-
pics and Northern Tem-
perate Zone.

Portion of fertile frond, natural size

ft Fronds pinnate, the lower pair or more of pinnae
lobed or pinnate.

2. P. Cretica, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 90; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 43.
P. serraria, Sw. P. pentaphylla, Willd.

Var. — albo-lineata, Ilook.Bot. Mag. t. 5194; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 25.

Tropics and North Temperate Zone.

190

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

3. P. heterodactyla ,Reinw.; J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Pteris

Cretica, Blume. — Malayan Archipelago.

4. P. umbrosa, B. Br. ; Boole. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 130 B ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 3, t. 39. — Australia.

5. P. serrulata, Linn. ; Schle. Fil. t. 91 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3,

t. 40 ; /3 minor, Moore et Houlst. Var. cristata,
Moore, Gard. Cliron. (1863). — Tropics.

6. P. crenata, Sw. ; Burnt. FI. Zey. t. 87 ; Boole. Sp. Fil. 2,

t. 127 A ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 48. P. multidentata,
Wall. P. Chinensis, Sort. Ang. — Tropics.

7. P. heterophylla, Linn. ; {Blum. Fil. t. 37); Boole. Bot. Mag.

t. 4925. — Jamaica.

8. P. semipinnata, Linn. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 9 ; Boole. Gard.

Ferns, t. 59. P. flabellata, Schle. Fil. t. 93. P.
dimidiata, Blume. — East Indies, China, Malayan
Archipelago.

9. P. mutilata, Linn.; (Plum. Fil. t. 51); Boole. Sp. Fil.

t. 131 A. P. concinna, Bew. in Mag. of Nat. Bist.
N. Ser. (1838). — Jamaica.

** Vernation fasciculate ; caudex erect, simple, rarely ccespitose.

f Fronds pinnate ; pinnae pinnatifid, the lower pair
more or less bipartite or pinnate.

10. P. glauco-virens, Linden's Cat. (1858) (name only). —

Tropical America.

11. P. pungens, Willd.; (Plum. Fil. 1. 13). — Tropical America.

12. P. felosma, J. Sm. En. Fil. Bort. Kew. (1846). — Jamaica.

13. P. sulcata, Linle ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 5. — Brazil.

14. P. pyrophylla, Blume. — Java.

15. P. quadriaurita, Betz. ; Boole. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 134 B. — East

Indies.

16. P. argyrea, Moore ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 10. P. qua-

driaurita,— var. argyrea, Book. Bot. Mag. t. 5183, in
part. — East Indies.

17. P. tricolor, Linden, Bort. Lind. t. 12 ; Lowe’s New

Ferns, t. 9. Pteris quadriaurita,— var. tricolor, Book
Bot. Mag.t. 5183, in part. — East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 191

18. P. aspercaulis, Wall. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 8. P. pecti-

nata, Lon, — var. rubro-neryia. P. rubro-nervia,
Linden. — East Indies.

19. P. flabellata, Tlmnb. — South Africa.

20. P. arguta, Ait ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 41. P. allosora, Link.

P. palustris, Poir. Mongonia palustris, Presl. —
Madeira.

21. P. Kingiana, Endl. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 46. — Norfolk

Island.

22. P. tremula, B. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 120 B ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 3, t. 45. P. chrysocarpa, Link. — Australia
and New Zealand.

23. P. lata, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 6. — Brazil.

24. P. paleaeea, Boxb. in Beatson’s FI. of St. Helena, p. 349;.

Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 186. — St. Helena.

ft Fronds tripa/rtitely branched, deltoid, generally
guadripinnate.

25. P. deflexa, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. — Tropical America.

26. P. deeussata, J. Sm. Enum. Fil. Pldlipp. (1841). P.

patens. Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 177, t. 137. — Ceylon,
Luzon.

27. P. laciniata, Willd. ; Presl, Pterid. t. 5,/. 23; Hook. Sp.

Fil. 2, 1. 132 B. — West Indies.

28. P. Gh.eisbegh.tii, .7. Sm. Lonchitis Gheisbeghtii, Linden,

Cat.—-' Tropical America.

*** Vernation umiserial, distant, sarmentose.
f Sarmentum slender, epigceous.

29. P. scaberula, A. Rich ,- Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 93 A ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 4, 1. 10. — New Zealand.

ff Sarmentum thick, fleshy, hypogaeous.

30. P. aquilina, Linn.; Schlc. Fil. t. 95 et 96; Eng. Bob

t. 1679 ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 44 ;
S owerby’s Ferns, t. 38 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, 38. —
Tropica] and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres.

192

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

31. P. esculenta, Fovst.; Settle. Fil. t. 97. — Australia and
New Zealand.

97. LITOBROCHIA, Fresl ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial
and sarmentose. Fronds smooth, pinnate or bi-tripinnate,
1-8 feet high; ultimate pinnae sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid.
Veins elevated ; only the lower venules anastomosing, or the

Genus 97.— Fertile pinna, under side. No. 7.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 193

whole uniform reticulated. Receptacles marginal, transversely
continued in the axis of a linear marginal indusium, consti-
tuting a linear continuous or interrupted sorus.

* Vernation erect, cauclex undefined, generally ccespitose.

1. L. denticulata, Presl. Pteris denticulata, Sw. ; Hook. et

Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 28 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 1. Pteris
Brasiliensis, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 68 bis. — Brazil.

2. L. leptophylla, Fee. Pteris leptophylla, Sw. ; Lowe's

Ferns, 3, t. 47 ; Hoolc. Gard. Ferns, t. 23. Pteris
spinulosa, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 70. Cheilanthes spinu-
losa, Link, in Hort. Berol. — Brazil.

3. Tj. macilenta, J. Sm. Pteris macilenta, A. Rich. FI. Nov.

Zeal. t. 12. — New Zealand.

** Vernation subsarmentose, epigceous.

4. L. grandifolia, 7. Sm. Pteris grandifolia, Linn. (Plum.

Fil. 1. 105) ; Scld\ Fil. t. 89 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 113 B. —
Tropical America.

*** Vernation contiguous, decumbent, hypogoeous.

5. L. polita, 7. Sm. Pteris polita, Link. — Brazil.

6. L. comans, Presl. Pteris comans, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 92. —

Polynesian Islands.

7. L. macroptera, 7. Sm. Pteris macroptera. Link. — Brazil.

8. L. Orizabae, 7. Sm. Pteris Orizabas, Mart, et Gal. Fil .

Me x. t. 13. P. apicalis, Sieb. — Mexico.

9. L. spinulifera, 7. Sm. Pteris spinulifera, Schum. —

Tropical Western Africa.

10. L. Kunzeana, 7. Sm. Pteris Kunzeana, Agardh. ; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 139 (excl. syn. Plum.). — Jamaica.

11. L. data, Fee. Pteris elata, Agard. — Tropical America.

**** Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform,
subarborescent.

12. L. tripartita, 7. Sm. Pteris tripartita, Sw. ; Hook. Sp.

Fil. t. 138 B. ? Pteris linearis, Poir. ? Pteris inter-
media, Blume. — East Indies, Java.

o

194

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

13. L. podophylla, Presl ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 55. Pteris

podophylla, Sw. Lonchitis pedata, Linn.; Brown,
Jam. t. 1. — West Indies.

14. L. biaurita, J. 8m. Pteris biaui-ita, Linn.; (Plum. Fil.

t. 15) ; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 50. Campteria biaurita,
Hoolc. Gen. Fil. t. 65 A. Pteris nemoralis, Willd. ;
Wall, in part. — West Indies.

***** Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum elongating,
generally epigeeous and liirsute-sguamose.

15. L. vespertilionis, Presl. Pteris vespertilionis, Labill.

Nov. Uoll. t. 245 ; Loioe's Ferns, 3, t. 44. — Tropics and
South Temperate Regions.

16. L. aurita, J. Sm. Pteris aurita, Blume ; Mettcn. Fil. Sort.

Lips. t. 14. — Malay Islands.

98. DORYOPTERIS, J. Sm.; Fee.

(Pteridis sp., Auct.)

Vernation fasciculate, erect, rarely uniserial sarmentose.

Qenus 98.- Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 3>

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

195

Fronds simple, cordate-hastate, palmate or bipinnate, smooth,
opaque. Veins internal, reticulated. Receptacles transverse,
marginal, continuous, in the axis of a linear, continuous
indusium.

1. D. sagittifolia, J. Sm.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 36. Pteris

sagittifolia, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 63, f. 1 ; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 39. Litobrochia sagittifolia, — var. alcyonis,
Gard. Ghron. 1863.— Brazil.

2. D. pedata, J. Sm. Pteris pedata, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. 1. 152) ;

Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 20 ; Schlc.Fil. 1. 100; Radd.
Fil. Bras. t. 65, /. 3 et t. 66 B. ; Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3247 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 34. — Brazil.

3. D. palmata, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841). Pteris palmata,

Willd., var. lata, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 22. — Tropical
America.

4. D. eollina, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 38. -Pteris collina,

Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 65, — var. nobilis, Moore. — Tropical
America.

99. LONCHITIS, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds bi-tripin-
nate, villose, 2-6 feet long, the ultimate pinnae sinuose-pinna-

196

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tifid. Veins costseform, pinnate ; venules anastomosing, forming
irregular hexagonoid areoles. Sporangia produced on the
apices of 4 — 5 venules, converging in the sinus of the lacinise,
forming an arcuate sorus in each sinus. Indusium linear,
lunulate.

1. L. Lindeniana, Hoolc. Sp. Fit. 2, t. 89 A.— Tropical

America.

2. L. pubescens, Willd. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 68 A. —

Mauritius.

Tribe VIIL— BLECHNE.®.

Sori intramarginal, medial or costal, transverse oblong linear,
continuous or interrupted. Indusium lateral, linear, exteriorly
attached, plane or vaulted, rarely obsolete. Fronds uniform, or
the fertile contracted.

100. BLECHNUM, Linn. ; Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform or casspitose.
Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, from a few inches to 4-6
feet high ; pinna; adherent or articulated with the rachis. Veins
forked ; the sterile venules free, or their apices thickened and
forming a cartilaginous margin ; the fertile veins combined near
their base by a transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle,
constituting a linear, costal, or rarely extra-costal sorus. Indu-
sium linear, plane.

* Apices of the venules free.
f Sori costal. (Blechnum, Fresh)

1. B. Lanceola, Sw. ; Lodd. Cab. (1592) ; Hook. Lot. Hag.

t. 3240 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 57,/. 1 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 970.
B. lanceolatum, Eadd. Fil. Eras. t. 60, /. 3. B. tri-
foliatum, Kaulf. — Brazil.

2. B. polypodioides, Eadd. Fil. Eras. t. 60, f. 2; Kunze,

Fil. t. 58, /. 1 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 34. — Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 197

3. B. glandulosum, Link; Kaulf. ( non Kunze).— Brazil.

4. B. cognatum, Presl. B. glandulosum, Kunze, Fil. t. 58,

/. 2. — Tropical America.

Genus 100. — Pinna of barren frond,
under side. No. 13.

Genus 100. — Fertile pinna, under
side. No. 17.

5. B. triangulare, Link. B. triangulatum, J. Sm. ; Lowe's

Ferns, 4, t. 35. — Tropical America.

6. B. occidentale, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 62) ; Jacq. Ic. Par.

t. 644 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 54 ; Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 53 ;
Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 39. B. conjugatum, Klot. — Tropical
America.

198

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

7. B. gracile, Kaulf. ; Lodd. Cab. t. (1905) ; Lowe's Ferns, 4,

t. 36. — Tropical America.

8. B. longifolium, H. B. K; Hook. Bot. Mag. 2818; Hook.

Sp. Fil. t. 154 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 37. — Tropical
America.

9. B. campylotis, J. Sm. Lomaria campylotis, Kunze. —

Tropical America.

10. B. intermedium, Link; Kunze, Fil. t. 57,/. 2. — Tropical

America.

11. B. fraxineum, Willd. B. latifolium, Moritz. — Tropical

America.

ft Sori extra-costal. (Mesothema, Presl.)

12. B. hastatum, Kaulf. Lomaria hastata, Kunze, Fil. t. 55,

/. 1.— Chili.

** Apices of the venules thickened, forming a cartilaginous
margin. (Blechnopsis, Presl.)

t Pinnce adherent.

13. B. Brasiliense, Besv. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 157. B. Gor-

covadense, Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 61. — Brazil.

14. B. striatum, It. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 159. B. stra-

mineum, Lahill. — Australia and Philippine Islands.

15. B. lsevigatum, Cav.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 160. — New

South Wales.

16. B. cartilagineum, Sw. ; Metten. Fil. Hort, Leip. t. 5;

Loive’s Ferns, 4, t. 42. — Australia.

17. B. orientale, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 109; Hook. Exot. Fil.

t. 77 ; Loive’s Ferns, 4, t. 40. B. latifolium, Presl. —
East Indies, Malay Islands.

ff Pinnce articulated with the rachis.

18. B. serrulatum, Rich. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 108 ; Loive’s Ferns, 4,

t. 43. B. calophyllum, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 23.
B. angustifolium, Willd. B. stagninum, Radd. Fil.
Bras. t. 62. — Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 199

101. DOODIA, B.Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnatifid or subpinnate,
the fertile sometimes subcontracted; segments
serrate or spinulose. Veins forked, the lower
venules transversely anastomosing and sporan-
giferous. Beceptacles medial, elongated, consti-
tuting one, or sometimes two, transverse rows of
oblong, straight, or arcuate sori. Indusium
plane.

1. D. aspera, B. Br. ; 1 Took. Fxot. Fit. t. 8

Foote. Gen. Fit. t. 54 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4,
t. 30. — Australia.

2. D. taleahnoides, A. Cunn. ; Metten. Fit.

Fort. Leip. t. 6, f. 3. D. maxima,

Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 32 ; J. Sm. in Loud.

Fort. Brit. — Australia.

3. D. lunulata, B. Br. in Ferb. Brit. Mus. ;

Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 31 B. — New
Zealand.

4. D. caudata, B. Br. ; Foote. Fxot. Fit. t. 25 ;

Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 31 A. D. rupestris,

Kaulf. — Australia.

5. D. linearis. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming caespi-

tose. Fronds linear, 6—10 inches long ; the sterile
sinuose-pinnatifid below, subentire above ; the fertile
linear, anfractose, rachiform, erect. D. caudata, var.
confluens. Fort. — New Caledonia. ( C . Moore.)

Genus 101. —
Fertile pinna,
underside. No. 1.

6. D. dives, Kunze, Fit. t. 105. — Ceylon.

102. LOMARIA, Willd.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate, erect,
CEespitose, or sometimes subarboreous. Fronds simple pinna-
tifid, or pinnate, rarely bipinnatifid, 1-3 feet high, the fertile
always contracted. Veins (of the sterile frond) forked ; venules
free, them apices usually clavate ; fertile segments rachiform,

200

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

veins obsolete, or more or less evident, and by their contiguity
forming a broad, transverse, continuous, sporangiferous recep-

tacle, the sporangia becoming confluent over the whole disc of
the segment. Indusium linear, sub-intramarginal, vaulted and
revolute.

* Fronds simple or pinnatifid.

1. L Patersoni, Spreng. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 34 ; I TooTc. Fil. Exot

i. 49 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 50. Stegania Patersoni,.
It. Br. — Australia.

2. L. lanceolata, Spreng. ; HooJc. Ic. FI. t. 429 ; Lowe's Ferns,

4, t. 61. Stegania lanceolata, B. Br. — Australia,
Tasmania, blew Zealand, South America.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 201

3. L. blechnoides, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3 , p. 11. — Chili.

4. L. L’Herminieri, Bory ; Kunze, Fil. t. 73; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 40 ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 63. — Tropical America.

5. L. nuda, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 51. Onoclea nuda,

Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 246. Stegania nuda, B. Br. —
Tasmania.

6. L. discolor, Willd. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 65. Hemionitis

discolor, Schk. Fil. t. 6. — New Zealand.

7. L. vulcaniea, Blume ; Hook. Ic.Pl. t. 969; Hook. Sp. Fil.

3, p. 12. — Java, Fiji and South Pacific Islands, Tas-
mania, New Zealand.

8. L. attenuata, Willd. Onoclea attenuata, Sw. Blechnum

attenuatum, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lip>s. t. 3, f. 1-6. —
Brazil.

9. L. elongata, Blume. Lomaria Colensoi, Hook. fil. Ic.

PI. t. 627-628 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 3. — New Zealand.

10. L. onocleoides, Spreng. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 146. Blechnum

onocleoides, Sw. — West Indies and Tropical America.

11. L. gibba, Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. t. 4-5. — New Caledonia.

12. L. alpina, Spreng.; Hook. fil. FI. Antarct. 1. 150; Hook.

Fil. Exot. t. 32 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 52. Stegania
alpina, B. Br. Lomaria antarctica ,Carm. — Tasmania,
New Zealand, Magellan. H.

13. L. Spicant, Besv. Osmunda Spicant, Linn. Blechnum

Spicant, Sw. ; Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print. Ferns,
t. 43. Blechnum boreale, Sw. ; Sm. Eng. Bot. 1. 1159 ;
Schk. Fil. t. 110 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 40. — Europe,
Madeira, North America.

14. L. Banksii, Hook. fil. FI. Nov. Zeal. t. 76. — New Zealand.

** Fronds pinnate.

15. L. nigra, Col. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 960; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3,

p. 35. — New Zealand.

16. L. fluviatilis, Spr. ; Hook. fil. FI. t. 167. Stegania

fluviatilis, B. Br. Lomaria rotundifolia, Baoul, PI.
Nov. Zel. t. 2 B. — Tasmania and New Zealand.

202

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

17. L. australis, Link. Blechnum australe, Linn.; SchJc.Fil.

t. 110 B ; Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 3, /. 7. Lomaria
pumila, Kaulf. — South Africa.

18. L. punctulata, Kunze ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 53. Blechnum

punctulatum, Sw. ; Sclilecht. Adumb. t. 21, 22, f. 2,
— ft Krebsii, J. Sm. Scolopendrium Krebsii, Kunze ,
Fil. t. 74 ; Hooh. Bot. Mag. t. 4768 ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns, lsi Ed. p. 49 (abnormal form). Lomaria
Australis, Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 57, 58. Lomaria densa,
Kaulf. — South Africa.

19. L. Gilliesii, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 207. — Chili.

20. L. minor, Spreng. — Tasmania.

21. L. proeera, Spreng. ; Hook.Ic. PI. t. 127, 128 ; Hoolc. fil.

FI. Nov. Zel. t. 75. Osmunda proeera, Forst. Blech-
num procerum, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 247. — Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand, Polynesia.

22. L. Capensis, Willd. Onoclea Capensis, Linn. Blechnum

Capense, Sclilecht. Adumb. t. 18.— South Africa.

23. L. gigantea, Kaulf.; Sclilecht. Adumb. t. 20-22, /. 1. —

South Africa.

24. L. striata, Willd. Onoclea striata, Sw. Lomaria Chi-

lensis, Kaulf; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 64 B. L. tuberculata,
J. Sm. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew (1856). — Tropical America.

25. L. eycadifolia, Linden (Colla).~ Chili.

26. L. Boryana, Willd. Onoclea Boryana, Sw. Pteris

osmundoides, Borg, Itin. 2, t. 32. L. Magellanica,
Lesv. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 52. L. robusta, Carm.
L. zamioides, Gardn. L. cinnamomea, Kaulf. L.
setigera, Gaud. L. obtusifolia, Presl. Blechnum
(Lomaria) Boryana, Sclilecht. Adumb. 1. 19. — Bourbon,
South Africa, Brazil, Tierra del Fuego.

*** Fronds bipinnatifid.

27. L. Fraseri, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. PI. 1. 185. — New Zealand.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 203

103. BRAINEA, J. Sm.

(Bowringia, Hook, non Champ.)

Vernation fasciculate, erect ; caudex arboreous, 2-4 feet high.
Fronds pinnate, rarely sub-bipinnate, 1-3| feet long ; pinnae
linear-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, subsessile, base truncate

Genas 103. — Fertile pinna, Genus 103. — Barren pinna,

underside. No. 1. underside. No. i.

above, auriculated below, margin crenate-serrulate. Veins
flabellately forked, free exteriorly ; the lower venules angularly
anastomosing, forming a costal row of oblique, cuneiform
areoles. Sporangia produced on the transverse anastomoses

204

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

and bases of tbe free venules, confluent, constituting a broad,
continuous or sub-interrupted, transverse, naked sorus.

1. B. insignis, J. Sm. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew (1856) ; Lowe's
Ferns, 4, t. 49. Bowringia insignis, Hook. Journ. Bot.
and Kew Miscell. v. 5, t. 2. — Hong-kong and Khasia,
East Indies.

104. WOODWARDIA, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnatifid, 4-6

Genus 104. — Fertile pinna. No. 1.

205

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

feet loner. Veins reticulated, or the exterior venules free ; the
costal anastomoses transverse, elongated, and sporangiferous
Receptacles elongated, medial, constituting a costal row ot
oblong, linear, contiguous sori. Sporangia immersed. lncLu-
sium vaulted, revolute.

1 W radicans, Sm.; Sclik. Fil. t. 112; Hook. Gen.Fil. t. 1 < ;

Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 44. Blechnum radicans, Linn.
Woodwardia stans, Sw. (3 confluens. Woodwardia
confluens, Fort. — South Europe, North India,
Madeira, California.

2. W. orientalis, Sw. W .

Fortunei, LLort. Angl.
— Japan and China.

3. W. Japonica, Sw. Blech-

num Japomcum,

Linn. ; Thunb. FI.
Jap. t. 35. — Japan
and China.

105. ANCHISTEA, Fresh

Vernation uniserial ; sar-
mentum hypogaious. Fronds
bipinnatifid, 1-2 feet high.

Veins flabellately forked, free
exteriorly ; the lower venules
transversely anastomosing and
sporangiferous. Receptacles
elongated, medial. Sori oblong,
contiguous, in a continuous
costal row. Indusvum lineai,
plane

1. A. Virginica, Fresl.

Blechnum Virgini-
cum, Linn. Wood-
wardial/ irginica, Sot.;

Met ten. Fil. Sort.

Lips. t. 6,/. 1 , 2 ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 4, t. 45. Genus 105.- Fertile pinna, under side.
North America. T. No. i

206

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

106. ONOCLEA, L.

Vernation uniscrial, distant ;
sannentum hypogaeous. Sterile
fronds sub-bipinnatifid ; veins
reticulated. Fertile fronds
bipinnate ; veins free ; pinnules
contracted, sessile; margins
conniving, forming unilateral
spikes (pinnae) of globose, bac-
ciform segments, each com-
pactly filled with sporangia,
which rise from four to six
punctiform, medial receptacles.
Special indusium lateral, very
membranous.

1. O. sensibilis, Lin. ; Schk.

Fil. t. 102 ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 82 ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 6, t. 1. Ono-
clea obtusiloba, Schk.
Fil. t. 103. — North
America.

<ienus 106.- Pinna of barren frond. No. 1.

107. LORINSERIA, Presl ; Fee.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentum hypogseous.

Fronds distant, sinuose-pinnatifid or subpinnate,

1-1 5 foot high, the fertile contracted. Veins
of the sterile frond uniform reticulated ; fertile
segments rachiform, costal anastomoses trans-
verse-elongated, sporangiferous. Receptacles
elongated , medial. Sori linear, contiguous, in

a costal row. Indusium vaulted, involute, be- Genus 107.— Barren
. n , pinna, under Mile,

coining reflexed. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 207

1. L. areolata, Presl. Acrostichum areolatum, Linn. Wood-
war cl ia areolata, Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 46. Woodwardia
angustifolia, 8m. ; Metten. Fil. Sort. Lips. t. 6,f. 6, 7.
Woodwardia onocleoides, Willd. W. Floridana, S cl tit.
Fil. t. 111. — North America. T.

108. STEN OCHLiENA, J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum elongated, scandent,

Genus 108. — Portion o{
fertile frond, natural size.
No. 1.

208

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

smooth. Fronds of two forms, 2-3 feet long, the sterile pinnate,
the fertile contracted, pinnate or bipinnate ; pinnae articulated
with the rachis. Veins rising from an obscure, transverse vein j
continuous with, and close to, the costa; venules direct, their
apices clavate, united, forming a pellucid, cartilaginous, spinulose
margin ; fertile segments linear, rachiform, margin membrana-
ceous, revolute, indusiform. Sporangiferous receptacle linear,
continuous; sporangia confluent.

* Fertile fronds pinnate.

1. S. scandens, J. Sm. ; JIoolc. Gen. Fil. t. 105 B. Acro-

stichum scandens, Linn. Onoclea scandens, Linn .
Herb. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 106. Lomaria scandens, Willd. —
East Indies and Malayan Islands.

** Fertile fi onds bipinnate.

2. S. Meyeriana, J. Sm. ; Loive’s Ferns, 4, t. 47. 48. Lo-

maria Meyeriana, Kunze. Lomariobotrys Meyeriana,
Fee. Stenochlaena tenuifolia, T. Moore. ? Lomaria
tenuifolia, Lesv. Stenocblmna scandens, Hoi-t. Aero-
stichum Meyerianum, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 16. —
South Africa.

109. SALPICHLiENA, J. Sm.

Genus 109.— Portion of barren and fertile pinna, natural size. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 209

■flexuose, climbing to an indefinite height ; pinnae 1-2 feet long,
adherent. Veins forked ; venules combined by a transverse
marginal vein, and in the fertile also near their base by a
transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle, forming a
linear costal sorus. Indusium revolute, vaulted, cylindrical,
sporangiferous along its base.

1. S. volubile, J. 8 m. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 93. Blechnum
volubile, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 13 ; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, 1. 15. Blechnum scandens, Bory, in Buy). Voy.
t. 36. — Tropical America.

Tribe IX.— ASPLENIE^E.

Sori oblong or linear, oblique to the midrib or axis of vena-
tion. Furnished with a plane or vaulted lateral indusium.

110. ASPLENIUM, Jjinn,

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely uniserial
sarmentose. Fronds varying from simple-entire to decompound
and from a few inches to 2-6 feet high, generally smooth
Veins rayed, forked, or pinnate ; venules free, sporangiferous on
the superior side. Sori simple, oblong, or linear. Indusium
plane or vaulted.

§ 1. Aspleniuji verum. — Indusium plane.

1. Lanceum group.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentum slender. Fronds distant,
linear-lanceolate, 1-1^ foot long. Sori simple, anti or opposite
binate. (Triblemma.)

1. A. lanceum, Thunb. Ic. Plant. Jap. Bee. 11, t. 18. A. subsi-

nuatum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 27. Diplazium lan-
ceum, Presl. Scolopendrium dubium, Bon. — India,
China, Japan.

2. S erratum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, broad, elliptical,
or lanceolate, 1-2 feet long. (Phyllitis.)

2. A. serratum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 124) ; Schk. Fil. t. 64 ;

Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 70. — Tropical America.

210

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

3. A. crenulatum, Presl. A. Nidus, Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 53

(non Linn.). A. Brasiliens e, Sort, (non Sw.) ; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, 1. 14 B. — Tropical America.

4. A. sinuatum, Beauv. FI. d'Oware, 2, t. 79 ; HooTc. Fil. Exot.

t. 16. — West Tropical Africa.

Genus MO. — Fertile pinna, underside. No. 69.

5. A. stipitatum, J. 8m. Neotopteris stipitata, J. Sm. Cat.

Cult. Ferns (1857). Asplenium squamulatum, var. />
Smithii, Hoole. Sjp. Fil. p. 83. — East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 211

3. Palmatum group.

Vernation decumbent, subfasciculate. Fronds palmatehj lobed.

6. A. Hemionitis, Linn.; Hook. Lot. Mag. t. 4911. A. pal-
matum, Lam. ; Sclili. Fit. t. 66 ; Lodd. Lot. Cab. 868 ;
Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 6, var. cristata, Gard. Chron.
( Jarnj . 1865), Garden Sport. — South Europe, North
Africa, Madeira.

4. Trichomanes group.

Vernation fasciculate, generally becoming ccespitose. Fronds
pinnate, rarely pinnatifid only, linear, 3—12 inches long ; pinnae
short, often dimidiate, with the costa excentric. (Asplenium

verum.)

a. Fronds pinnatifid.

7. A. alternans, Wall. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 38. A. Dal-

housise, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 105. — East Indies.

b. Fronds pinnate.

8. A. Trichomanes, Linn. ; Lolt. Fil. t. 13 ; Eng. Lot. t. 576 ;

Sowerby's Ferns, t. 30 ; Lindl, and Moore's Lrit.
Ferns, t. 39 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 22. A. anceps,
Soland. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 195. A. melano-
caulon, Willd.

Var. incisum, Moore; Lindl . and Moore’s Lrit.
Ferns, t. 39 L, E ; Schk. Fil. t. 74, /.

Var. cristatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Lrit.
Ferns, t. 39 H.

Var. depauperatum, Wollast. ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Lrit. Ferns, t. 39 C.

Var. multifidum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Lrit.
Ferns, t. 39 G.

Var. ramosum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore’s Lrit.
Ferns, t. 39 F.

Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North India, Australia,
North America.

p 2

212

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. A. ebeneum, Ait. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 5 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5,

t. 2. A. polvpodioides, Sic. ; Schk. Fit. t. 73. — North
America.

10. A. monantbemum, Linn.; Sm. Lc.ined.t. 73; Lodd.

Bot. Cab. 1. 1700; Metten. Fit. Hod. Lips. t. 9,f. 7,8;
Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 1 A. — Tropical and Sub-tropical
America, South Africa, Madeira.

11. A. Petrarchse, Be Cand. ; Hook. et Grev. Lc. Fil.t. 152;

Lowe's Ferns, t. 5, 38 A, and var. lata, 38 B. — South
of E urope.

12. A. formosum, Willd. ; Hook. Fit. Fxot. t. 16; Lowe's

Ferns, 5, t. 43 B. A. subalatum. Hook, et Arn. Beech
Voy. t. 71. — Tropical America.

13. A. Brasiliense, Badd. Fit. Bras. t. 51,/. 1. A. dimidiatum,

Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 13 A. — Tropical America.

14. A. tenellum, Ltoxb. in Beat. St. Helena. A. reclinatum,

Moore et Houlst.; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 13 B ; J. Sm.
Cat. (1857). A. erectum, — var. proliferum, Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 72. A. radicans, Frit. Cat. St. Helena, FI. —
St. Helena. T.

15. A. erectum, Bory, in Willd. Schlecht. Adum. t. 15. A.

dentax, Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 43 A. — Islands of the
Indian Ocean, South Africa.

5. Auriculatum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, ccespitose. Fronds pinnate;
piiraoe 1-2 inches in length, generally having a more or less
evident lobe or auricle on the superior edge of their base.
(Asplenium verum.)

16. A. hastatum. Klotzsch. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 172. A. fra-

grans. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 88. A. odoratum, Moore. —
Venezuela.

17. A. salicifolium, Linn. {Plum. Fil. t. 60); Badd. Fil.

Bras. t. 50. — Troftical America, West Indies.

18. A. compressum, Sw. ; Hook. Fil. Fxot. t. 76; Lowe's

Ferns, 5, t. 16. A. foecundum, Eunz. — St. Helena.

19. A. obtusifolium, Linn. {Plum. Fil. t. 67) ; Hook, et Grev.

Ic. Fil. t. 239. — West Indies.

AX ENUMEKATION OF CULTIVATED FEKXS. 213

20. A. marinum, Linn.; Eng. Bot. i. 392; Sclih. Fil. t. 68;

Hook. FI. Bond. 4, t. 60 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t. 38 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 29 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 23 ;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, <.31. A. laetum, Hort. ; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 21 A ( not of Sw.). — Europe, Madeira.

Var. arcutum, Moore.

Var. crenatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 38 G.

Var. trapeziforme, Huds.

Var. ramosum, Wollast. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 38 J S'.

Var. subpinnatum, Moore. — Europe, Madeira.

21. A. elongatum, Sw. Asplenium productum, Brest, Reliq.

Hcenk. t. 8, /. 1. — Ceylon.

22. A. firmum, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 174. A. cultri-

folium, Hort.— Tropical America.

23. A. pumilum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 66 A) ; Lowes Ferns, 5,

t. 31 B. — Tropical America.

24. A. dentatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 101,/. C) ; Hook, et Grev

Ic. Fil. t. 72. — West Indies.

25. A. pulchellum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 52, /. 2. /3 Otites,

Metten. Asplenium Otites, Link. ; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 9,/. 1-4. A. pulchellum, Hort. ; Lowe’s Ferns,
5, t. 31 A. — Brazil.

23. A. alatum, Numb. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 137 ; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 12 B. — Tropical America.

6. Lucidum group.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnae generally oblique, cuneiform at the
base. (Asplenium verum.)

27. A. lucidum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 72 ; Metten. Fil. Hort.

Lips. t. 13,/. 12. — New Zealand.

28. A. heterodon, Blume; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 8, /. 1-2 ;

Lowe’s New Ferns, i. 3. — Java.

29. A. gemmiferum, Schrad. A. lucidum, Schleclit. Fil.

t. 14 A. — South Africa.

214

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

30. A. emarginatum, Beauv. FI. d'Oware, 2, t. 61 ; 1 Tool:.

2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 78 (letterpress 80). — West Africa.

31. A. obtusatum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil.t. 68; Labill. Nov. JToll.

t. 242,/. 2; /3. difforme, J. Sm.; Hook. Fil. Exot.
t , 46 ; Lowe's Feims, 5, t. 5 B. A. difforme, B. Br.
Asplenium consimile, Rcmy, in Gay. Chil. — Chili,
Tasmania, New Zealand.

32. A. obliquum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 71 ; Labill. Nov. Holl.

t. 242, /. 1. — Polynesia.

33. A. oligophyllum, Kaulf. — Brazil.

7. Flaceidum group.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect. Fronds pinnate,
bipinnate, or decompound ; segments bifidly laciniated ; lacinioe
unisorous or linear. (Darea of Willd. Caenopteris, Berg.)

34. A. brachypteron, Kunze ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 44 ; Lowe's

Ferns, 5, t. 15 B. — Sierra Leone.

35. A. prolongatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 209 ; 2nd Cent

Ferns, t. 42. — Ceylon.

36. A. rutsefolium, Presl. Darea rutcefolia, Sm. — South

Africa.

37. A. lineatum, Sw. a. Fronds simply pinnate. A. plu-

mosum, Bory ; ft. bipinnatum ; fronds bipinnatifid or
bipinnate. Darea inaequalis, Willd. Asplenium in-
asquale, Kunze. Darea bifida, Kaulf. A. bifidum,
Presl. ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). — Mauritius.

38. A. Belangeri, Kunze; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 41 ; Hetten. Fil.

Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 1-2 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 5 A.
Darea Belangeri, Bory. Asplenium scandens, Hort.
Asplenium Veitchianum, Moore. — Java.

39. A. flaceidum, Forst. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, 1. 19. Caenopteris

flaccida, Thunb.; Schk. Fil. t. 82. Caenopteris
Odontites, Thunb. ; Sw. Asplenium Odontites,
B. Br. Caenopteris Novae-Zelandiae, Spreng. ; Schk.
Fil. t. 82. — New Zealand and Tasmania.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 215

40. A. bulbiferum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 79; Uoolc. Ic. P*.

t. 423 ; Mettcn. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13,/. 10-11 ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t. 11. — New Zealand.

41. A. Fabianum, Hombr. et Jactp Voy. t. 3, bis. Cmnopteris

Fabiana, Lory. Asplenium foeniculaceum, Hort.
(non H. et L.). — Mauritius, Australia, Pacific Islands.

42. A. appendiculatum, Labill.; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 18.

Caenopteris appendiculata, Labill. Nov. Holl. 2,
t. 243. Asplenium laxum, E. Lr. ; Hombr. et Jacp
Voy. t. 3,/. 1.— Australia, Tasmania.

43. A. Richardi, HooJc. fil. Nov. Zeal. A. adiantoides, —

var. Richardi, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 977. A.
adiantoides, — var. Colensoi, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic.
Plant. 984. A. Colensoi, Hook. fil. — -New Zealand.

44. A. Hookerianum, Colenso. A. adiantoides, Eaoul. (non

Eadd.). A. adiantoides, — var. minus, Hook. fil. in
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 983. — New Zealand.

45. A. dimorphum, Kunze ; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 36.

A. diversifolium, A. Cunn. (non Plume) ; Lowe’s Ferns
5, t. 17. — Norfolk Island.

46. A. viviparum, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 64 ; Lowe’s Ferns,

t. 9. Caenopteris vivipara, Sw. — Mauritius.

8. Eliizopliorum group.

Vernation fasciculate, ccespitose, or erect and solitary. Fronds
pinnate err bi-tripinnate, the apex often long, caudate, flagelliform
and viviparrous ; segments small, unisorous. (Darea, Willd.)

47. A. viride, Huds. ; Schk. Fil. t. 73 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2257 ;

Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 40; Sowerby’s
Ferns, 131; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 30 ; — var. multifidum
Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 400. —
Europe, North India. T.

48. A. fontanum, Bernh. ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,

t. 35 A ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 34; Sowerby’s Ferns
t. 26. Polypodium fontanum, Linn. Aspidium fon-
tanum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil, t. 53 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2024.
Aspidium Halleri, Willd. Asplenium Halleri, Spreng.
ft refractum. Asplenium refractun^ Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, sub t. 35 A ; Lowe’s Ferns, t. 35 A. —
Europe, North India. T.

216

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

49. A. flabellifolium, Cav. ; Siv. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 2 ; LoM .

Hot. Cab. t. 1567 ; Hook. Ex. FI. t. 208 ; Lowe's Ferns,
5, t. 1 B. — Australia, Tasmania.

50. A. obtusilobum, Hook. Ic. Plant. 1000. — Fiji Islands.

51. A. cicutarium, Sw. {Plum. Fil. t. -18 A) ; Hook. Gen.

Fil. i. 6 ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13, /. 3-9 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 20. Darea cicutaria, Sm. Asplenium
dissectum, Link. — Tropical America.

52. A. myriophyllum, Presl, Beliq. Hcenk. Caenopteris

myriophylla, Sw. A. cicutarium, J. Sm. Cat. (1857);
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 201 {non Linn.). — "West Indies,
Tropical America.

53. A. divaricatum, Kunze ; SM. Fil. Supp. t. 139. A.

flabellulatum, Hort. — Peru.

54. A. rbizopborum, Linn. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 187 A. A.

radicans, Sw. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 12 B — a. var. bipin-
natum. Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 C, b. A. cyrtopteron,
Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 B ; Metten. Fil, Hort.
Lips. t. 10,/. 3—4. — Venezuela and Jamaica.

55. A. cirrhatum, Kick. ; Willd. A. Karstenianum, Klot. A.

comptum, Moore et Houlst. — Tropical America.

56. A. rachirhizon, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 56; Lowe's Ferns, 5,

t. 34. — Tropica] America.

57. A. pinnatifldum, Nutt. ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 972 ; Metten.

Fil. Hort. Lips. 1. 10,/. 1, 2 ; Loive's New Ferns, t, 4 B.
— United States.

9. Adiantum nigrum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tripinnate ;
ultimate segments or lacinice with two or more sori. (Tarackea,
Presl.)

58. A. Adiantum-nigrum, Linn,; Bolt. Fil. 1. 17 ; Sclik. Fil.

t. 80 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1950 ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Fems, t. 36 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 28 ; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 28 -33 ; Lowe's Ferns, t. 25. — Europe, South
Africa, Madeira, North India.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 217

59. A. lanceolatum, Huds. ; Fng. Bot. t. 240 ; Lindl. and

Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 35 B ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 27 ;
Lowe’s Ferns, t. 26 ; Fook. Brit. Ferns, t. 32 ; — var.
microdon, Moore; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 11 B. —
Europe.

60. A. acutum, Bory. A. adiantum-nigrum, — var. acutum,

Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 37. A. pro-
ductum, It. T. Lowe. — South Europe, Madeira.

61. A. auritum, Sw. ; Settle. Fil. t. 130 B ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,

t. 32. — Tropical America.

62. A. dispersum, Kunze ; Metten.Fil. Fort. Lips. t. 9,/. 5, 6.

A. bipartitum, Link. A. bissectum. Fort. — Tropical
A merica.

63. A. macilentum, Kunze. A. auritum, — var. obtusum,

Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Fort. Liyts. t. 8 ,/. 3-6. — Tropical
America.

64. A. fragrans, Sw. ( non Fool;.). A. planicaule, Lowe’s

Ferns, 5, t. 10 ( non Wall.). — Jamaica.

65. A. Mexicanum, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 15, /. 4. A

foeniculaceum, J. Sm. Cat. (1857) ( non F. et B.). — ■
Mexico.

10. Falcatum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, or decumbent. Fronds pinnate ;
pinnee 1-6 inches long, lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate or sub-
deltoid, entire, serrated, or erosely laciniated ; angle of venation
generally acute with the costae. (Tarachia, Brest.)

66. A. attenuatum, R.Br.; Fook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 220;

1 look. Ic. Plant, t. 914 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 35 B. —
New South Wales, Queensland.

67. A. longissimum, Blume ; Fook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 190. — Java,

Malacca, Mauritius.

68. A. nitens, Sw.; Fook. Sp. Fil. 3, 195. A. macriophyllum,

J. Sm. Cat. (1857) ( non Sw.) ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 42. —
Mauritius.

69. A. serra, Lang, et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 19 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,

t. 8. — Brazil.

218

FERXS : BRITISH AXD FOREIGN.

70. A. polyodon, Forst. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 33 B. — New

Zealand.

71. A. falcatum, Lam. Trichomanes adiantoides, Linn. ;

Burnt. FI. Zey. t. 43. — Tropics.

72. A. eaudatum, Forst. ; Settle. Fil. t. 77 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5,

t. 44. — Polynesia.

73. A. paleaceum, B. Br. ; Hoolc. Sjp. Fil, t. 199. — Tropical

North-east Australia.

11. Erosuin group.

Vernation fasciculate, generally coespitose, rarely subsarmen-
tose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, decompound, rarely linear or simply
forked ; segments rarely otherwise than cuneiform, with erose
apices. Venation often fiabellate, the costa being obsolete or
evanescent. (Tarachia, Presl.)

74. A. septentrionale, Schk. Fil. t. 65 ; Eng. Bot. 1. 1017 ;

Hindi, and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 41 C ; Sowerby's
Ferns, t. 34 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 3 A ; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 26. Acrostichum septentrionale, Linn. ;
Bolt. Fil. t. 8. Acropteris septentrionalis, Link
(1833). Amesimn septentrionale, Newm. — Europe,
North India. T.

75. A. Germanicum, TFeis. ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,

t. 41 B ; Hook, Brit. Ferns, t. 27. A. alternifolium,
Wulf. Jacq. Misc. t. 5,/. 2; J. Sm. Cat. Ferns (1857) ;
Eng. Bot. t. 2259 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 33. A. Breynii,
Betz. ; Schk. Fil. t. 81. — Europe. T.

76. A. Seelosii, Leibold. Flora (1855), t. 15 ; Hook. 2nd Cent.

Ferns, t. 26; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 175. — South
Tyrol. T.

77. A. Euta-muraria, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 80 B ; Eng. Bot.

t. 150 ; Bolt. Fil. t, 16 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 30 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 27 ; Lindl. and Moore' s Brit. Ferns, t. 41 A;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 32 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 28 ; — var.
elatum, Moore, Hat. Print. Ferns, oct. edit. t. 79, f. D.
— Europe, North India.

78. A. cuneatum, Sloan. Jam. 1, t. 46,/. 2 ; Schk, Fil. t. 78. —

Jamaica.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 219

79. A. prsemorsum, Sv>. A. laceratum, Besv. A. cuueatum,

Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 189; ft Canariense. A. Cana-
riense, Willd. ; Webb. Phyt. Canar. 3, t. 251 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 25, /. 1-2-3. A. Maderense, Penny. —
Mauritius, Tropical America, Madeira.

80. A. furcatum, Thunb. ; Schk. Fil. t. 79. A. praemorsum,

Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 7. — South Africa, India, Madeira.

81. A. laserpitiifolium, Lam.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 203;

Lowe's New Ferns, t. 13. — Malay Islands.

82. A. dimidiatum, Sw. A. zamiasfolium, Lodd. Pot. Cab.

t. 852 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 33 A ; J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns (1857) ( non Willd.). — West Indies, Venezuela.

83. A. contiguum, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 194. — Ceylon.

84. A. erosum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 198. — West

Indies.

85. A. nitidum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 81 ; Lowe's New Ferns,

t. 18. — South Africa, East Indies.

12. Actiniopteris group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipitate, flabellate, 6-8
inches high, rigid ; segments linear -racliiform. Veins radiating
and dichotomous.

86. A. radiatum, Sic. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 9756. Acropteris

radiata. Fee. Actiniopteris radiata, Link ; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 3, p. 275.— India, Ceylon.

§ 2. Athyrice (Athyrium, Potli). — Indusium vaulted.

87. A. Filix-foemina, Perak. ,- Hook. Prit. Ferns, t. 35. Poly-

podium Filix-foemina, Linn. Aspidium Filix-foemina,
Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 58, 59 ; Eng. Pot. t. 282. Athyrium
Filix-foemina, Both ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 25 ; Lindl.
and Moore's Prit. Ferns, t. 30; — var. rhteticum, Lindl.
and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 31 A. Polypodium
rhaeticum, Linncean Herb.

Var. latifolium, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print.
Fa-ns; t. 31 P.

220

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Var. marinnm, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 31 C.

Var. polydactylon, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print.
Ferns, under t. 30.

Var. multifidum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print
Ferns, t. 33.

Var. depanperatum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 34 B.

Var. crispnm, Lindl. and Moore's Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 34 A. A. (Filix-foemina), Hort.

Var. corymbiferum, Moore, Hand-bk. Brit. Ferns,
p. 145.

Var. Victoriae, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864).

Var. plumosum (Moore)-, Lowe's New Ferns, t. 14.
Var. dissectum (Wollast.) ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 34 C.

Var. ovatum (Roth.) ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 32.

Var. rhaeticum (Linn.) ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 31 A.

Var. Fieldisc (Moore) ; Gard. Chron. (1861).
p. 1046,/. c.

Var. Frizellice (Moore) ; Gard. Chron. (1861),
p. 1046,/. c.

Var. acrocladon (Clapham) ; Lowe's New Ferns
t. 40.

— Temperate Regions of Northern Hemisphere.

88. A. Michauxii, Spreng. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 37. Nephro-

dium Filix-loomina, Michx. Aspidium angustnm,
Willd. Asplenium Athyrium, Spreng. ; Schk. Fit.
t. 78. Nephrodium asplenoides, Michx. — North
America.

89. A. eburneum, J. Sm. Aspidium eburneum, Wall. Cat-

389. Lastrea eburnea, Cat. Hort. New. (1846).
Polypodium oxyphyllum, Wall. Cat. 324. Athyrium
oxyphyllum, Moore. — Nepal.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 221.

€0. A. denticulatum, J. Sm. Allantodia denticulata, Wall.

Asplenium setulosum, Hort. A°plenium strigillosum,
Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 36. Athyrium tenuifrons, Moore. —
Nepal.

91. A. macrocarpum , Blume, in Herb. Athyrium foliolos am,

Moore. — Java and Ceylon.

92. A. Ceylonense, Klot. Athyrium Ceylonense, Moore. —

Ceylon.

93. A. umbrosum, J. Sm.; Loive's Ferns, 5, t. 1. Poly-

podium umbrosum, Ait. Aspidium umbrosum, Sw. ;
Sclik. FH. t. 61. Allantodia umbrosa, B. Br. —
Madeira.

94. A. axillare, Webb. Polypodium axillare, Ait. Aspidium

axillare, Sw. Allantodia axillaris, Kaulf. — Madeira.

95. A. Brownii, J. Sm. ; Hook. Ic. FI. t. 978. Allantodia

Australis, E. Br. Athyrium Australe, Presl; IIool:.
Gen. Fil. t. 16. — Australia.

96. A. decurtatum, Link ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 13,

f. 17, 18. A. pubescens, Houlst. and Moore. — Brazil.

111. DIPLAZIUM, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds simple,
pinnate, or bi-tripinnate, 1-5 feet high. Veins forked or pin-

Ge^ns 111. — Portion of fertile frond, und:r side. No. 1.

222

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Date ; venules free, sporangiferous on Loth sides, constituting
binate linear sori. Indusium plane, binate.

* Vernation erect.

f Fronds simple.

1. D. plantagineum, Sic.; Settle. Fil. t. 15; Lodd. Bot. Cal.

1588 ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 46. Asplenium planta-
gineum, Linn. Diplazium acuminatum, Badd. Fil.
Brass, t. 57,/. 2. — Tropical America.

ft Fronds pinnatijid.

2. D. Zeylanicum, J. Sm. Asplenium (Eudiplazium) Zey-

lanicum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 237 ; Hook. 2nd Cent.
Ferns, t. 16. — Ceylon.

tft Fronds pinnate.

3. D. grandifolium, Sw. — Tropical America.

4. D. juglandifolium, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 85 ; Hook. Fil. Exot.

t. 100. Asplenium jnglaudifolium, Lam. — Jamaica
and Venezuela.

5. D. alternifolium, Blame ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 17. Asple-

nium alternifolium, Hetten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 12,
/. 1-2. Diplazium integrifolium, J. Sm. Cat. (1857);
in Herl. J. Sm. — Java.

+++t Fronds lipinnatifid or lipinnate.

6. D. Shepherdi, Link. Asplenium Shepberdi, Hort, Dipla-

zium ambiguum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857);
Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 47. — West Indies.

7. D. coarctatuxn, Link. D. Shepberdi, Presl. — Brazil.

8. D. striatum, Presl; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 48. Asplenium

striatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 18, 19). — Tropical
America.

9. D. expansum, Willd. D. subalatum, Hew. — Tropical

America.

10. D. diversifolium, Wall. Herl. ( fide spec, in Herl. J. Sm.).

— East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 223

11. D. concliatum, J. Sm. Atbyrium conchatum, Fee, Gen.

Fil. t. 17 C, f 1. Hypochlamys pectinata, Fee, Gen.
Fil. t. 17 G, f. 3. Diplazium brevisorum, J. Sm
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ( non J. Sm. Fnum. Fils
Philipp.). — Jamaica, St. Domingo.

12. D. polypodioid.es, Plume. D. marginatum, Sort.

Asplenium polypodioides, Metten. ; Hoolc. Sp. Fil. —
East Indies, Malayan and Pacific Islands.

13. D. Klotzschii, Moore. Asplenimn. Klotzscliii, Metten.

Lotzea diplazioides, Klot. et Karst. — Tropical
America.

14 D. eostale Presl. Asplenium costale, Siv. Diplazium
fabasfolium, J. Sm. Ms. in Kerb. — West Indies.

** Vernation decumbent.

15. D. sylvaticum, Sw. ; SchJc. Fil. t. 85 B. ; Lowe’s Ferns,

5, t. 49. Callipteris sylvatica, Borxj. Anisogonium
sylvaticum, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 B. Asplenium
acuminatum, Wall. Diplazium acuminatum, Presl;
J. Sm. Gat. Cidt. Ferns (1857). — East Indies.

16. D. dilatatum. Blume. — East Indies, Malayan Islands.

17. D. arborescens, Sw. ; J.Sm. Cat. Fil. Sort. Kev:. (1856).

Asplenium arborescens, Metten. Fil. Sort. Lips. t. 1 3,
/. 19, 20. — St. Helena.

18. D. deeussatum, J. Sm. ; Loive’s Ferns, 5, t. 50. Aspie-

nium deeussatum, Well. D. lasiopteris, Kunze. —
East Indies.

19. D. Thwaitesii, J. Sm. Asplenium Thwaitesii, A. Br. ;

Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 45. — Ceylon.

20. D. thelypteroides, Presl; Lowe’s Ferns, 5 ,t. 51. Asple-

nium thelypteroides, Miclix. ; Sclilc. Fil. t. 76 B. —
North America. T.

ff Fronds deltoid, decompound.

21. D. Franconis, Lieb. Asplenium Franconis, Metten.

Asplen. p. 66, t. 5, /. 30. — Mexico, Jamaica.

224

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

112. SCOLOPENDRITJM, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple entire, lobed, or
pinnate ; frequently abnormally forked, plain, undulate, or
with a comose, crested apes ; from 6 inches to 2—3 feet long.
Veins forked ; venules free, the superior and inferior branch of
each fascicle contiguous, parallel, and sporangiferous on their
proximate sides, constituting two linear, confluent sori, each
furnished with a linear iudusium, the free margins of which
connive.

1. S. vulgare, Sm.; Eng. Hot. t. 1150; Lindl. and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t. 40; Sowerbijs Ferns, t. 35; Loiue's
Ferns, 5, t. 55 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 37. S. offici-
narum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 83; Hoolc. Gen. Fit. t.
57 B. Asplenium Scolopendrium, Linn. — Europe,
Madeira.

Genua 112.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

Var. polyschides, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f. 2.
Var. cornutum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c.

Var. marginatum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, /. 3.
Var. crispum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f. 4.

Var. multifidum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c.

Var. laceratum, Lind, and Moore, l. c. t. 42,/. 10.
Var. incisum (Roth.) Lindl. ; and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 30.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FEENS.

225

Other Varieties : — Macrosorum ; fissum ; obtnsidentatum ;
crenato-lobatum ; resectum ; sinuatum ; inaequale ; rimosum ;
inops ; irregulare ; spirale ; compositum ; nudicaule ; ab-
ruptum ; variabile ; striatum; subvariegatum ; apicilobum ;
lanceolum ; sagittifolium ; sagittato-cristatum ; retinervium ;
pachyphyllum ; coriaceum ; pocilliferum ; peraferum ; muri-
catum ; jugosum ; papillosum ; scalpturatum ; imperfectum ;
siciforme ; submarginatum ; proliferum ; fimbriatum ; bimar-
ginatum ; supralineatum ; supralineato-resectum ; multiforme ;
chelaefrons; crista-galli ; digitatum ; glomeratum; flabellatum ;
cristatum ; lacerato-marginatum; ramo-marginatum ; ramosum-
majus. — Moore’s “ Handbook of British Ferns.”*

113. NEOTTOPTEKIS, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, linear or broad
elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, 1-4 feet long by 2-8 inches wide.

Genus 113.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

Veins forked; venules parallel, sporangiferous on their superior
side, their apices combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal
vein. Sori unilateral. Indusium plane.

See page rii of Preface to Second Edition.

Q

226

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. N. Nidus, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 113. Asplenium
Nidus, IAnn. ; Bot. Mag. t. 3101 ; Lowe's Ferns,
t. 36. — East Indies.

Genus 114. — Mature
frond, upper side. No. 1 .

2. N. Australasica, J. Sm. Cat. Cult.

Ferns{ 1857). AspleniumAustra-
lasicum, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 88.
Asplenium Nidus, R. Br. ( non
Linn.) ; Lowe's Ferns, 6, 1. 15. —
New South Wales.

3. N. phyllitidis, J. Sm. En. Fil.

Philipp. Asplenium Phyllitidis,
Bon. Prod. Fl.Nep. — India.

114. ANTIGRAMMA, Presl ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds
simple, cordate-lanceolate, 4-18 inches
high. Veins forked ; venules angularly
anastomosing, reticulated, the marginal
veinlets free. Sporangia produced on
the proximate sides of the primary venules
of each fascicle, constituting two linear,
confluent sori, each furnished with a
linear indusium, the free margins of which
connive.

1. A. rhizophylla, J. Sm. Asplenium
rhizophvllum, Linn. Campto-
sorus rhizophyllus, Link ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 57 C ; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 85 ; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 5, f. 6. Scolopendrium
rhizophyllum, Hook. — North
America. T.

2. A. Brasiliensis, Moore. Asplenium Brasiliense, Sw. Scolo-
pendrium Brasiliense, Kunze. S. ambignum, Radd.
Fil. Bras. t. 57,/. 1. Antigramme repanda, Presl;
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 57 A; Hook. Ic. PL t. 183. —
Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 227

115. CALLIPTERIS, Bory ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple and pinnate,
bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high. Veins uniform and

Genus 115. — Portion of barren and fertile fronds, natural size;
fertile enlarged. No. 1.

forked, or costaeform pinnate ; the whole, or the lower venules
only, anastomosing, sporangiferous on both sides, constituting
binate, linear, decussate sori. Indusium plane.

1. C. prolifera, Bory. Asplenium proliferum, Lam. ; Metten.

Fil. Fort. Lips. t. 11, /. 7. Diplazium proliferum,
Kaulf. Asplenium decussatum, Sw. Anisogonium
decussatum, Brest ; Foote. Gen. Fil. t. 56 A. — East
Indies, Malayan Archipelago.

2. C. esculenta, J. Sm. Hemionites esculenta, Betz. Dipla-

zium esculentum, Sw. Anisogonium esculentum,
Brest. Microstegia esculenta, Brest, Epim. Bot.
Digrammaria esculenta, Fee. Asplenium ambiguum,
Sw. ; Sclile. Fit. t. 75 B (Rheede, Mat. 12, t. 15).
Digrammaria ambigua, Brest ; Foote. Gen. Fit. t. 56 C.
Microstegia ambigua, Brest, Epim. Bot. Diplazium
Malabaricum, Spreng. Callipteris Malabarica, ./. Sm.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Diplazium Serampurense,
Spreng. Anisogonium Serampurense, Brest. Cal-
lipteris Serampurense, Fee. Diplazium pubescens,
Link. — East Indies, Malayan Archipelago.

228

PERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

116. HEMIDICTYUM, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, 10-14 feet long ;
pinnae 1-2 feet long, 3-5 inches wide. Veins forked ; venules
parallel till near the margin, then anastomosing and reticulated,

Genua 116. — Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 1.

combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal vein. Sporangia
produced on the superior side of the parallel veins, constituting
unilateral, linear sori. Indusium plane.

1. H. marginatum, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 55 A. Asple-
nium marginatum, Linn. {Plum. Fil. t. 106) ; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 73 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 53. Diplazium
giganteum, Hort. Linden. — Tropical America.

117. CETERACH, Willd. ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caespitose. Fronds 2-12 inches
long, sinuose-pinnatifid or pinnate, the under side densely squa-
mose. Veins forked, anastomosing. Sporangia unilateral,
protruding through the dense squamae, forming oblong sori.
Indusium obsolete.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 229

1. C. officinarum, Willd. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 113 ; Lindl. and
Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 43 A ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 54.
Asplenium Ceterach, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 36.

Genus 117.— Frond natural size, and portion enlarged. No. 1.

Grammitis Ceterach, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 7 B ; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 15. Scolopendrium Ceterach, Eng. Bot.
1244. — Europe, North India.

Tribe X.— DICKSONIE.®.

Sori marginal, round, or linear and transverse. Indusium
lateral, interiorly attached, its extrorse margin free and con-
niving more or less with the changed margin of the frond, which
becomes an accessory indusium, the two forming a cucullate or
bivalved round cyst, or elongated grove, containing the sporangia.

230

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOEEIGN.

§ 1. Lindsoeece.

Receptacles combined, forming a linear, continuous or inter-
rupted marginal sorus, or rarely pundiform or binate. Indusium
linear or sub-rotund.

* Receptacles elongated.

118. LINDSiEA, Dry.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds simple,
• pinnate, or bi-tripinnate ; pinnae
oblong, dimidiate, upper margin
fertile only ; costa excentric or
obsolete. Veins radiating, forked ;
Genus ns.— Portion of fertile venules free, their apices com-

frond, underside. No. i. bined by an elongated transverse

receptacle. Sori linear, continuous or interrupted. Indusium
linear, usually shorter than the indusiform margin.

* Occidental species.

1. L. reniformis. Fry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t. 7,/. 1 ; Kunze , in

Schk. Fit. Suppl. t. 16,/. 2. — French Guiana.*

2. L. sagittata, Dry.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 87. — French

Guiana.

3. L. Leprieusii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62 D. — French Guiana.

4. L. faleata, Fry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t. 7,/ 2. — Guiana.

5. L. trapeziformis, Fry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t. 9 ; Hook, et

Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 63 A. — West Indies and Tropical
America.

6. L. Guianensis, Fry.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62. — Guiana.

7. L. stricta, Fry. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 114. L. Javitensis, II. B. E. ;

Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 75, /. 1. L. elegans, Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 98. — West Indies and Tropical America.

8. L. crenata, Klot.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 208. — British

Guiana.

9. L. dubia, Spr. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 64 C. — French Guiana.

** Indian and Malayan species.

10. L. cultrata, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 114; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.

t. 114 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 67 ; Lowe’s New Ferns,
t. 16 B. — East Indies.

See Appendix to Second Ediiion.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 231

11. L. obtusa, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,

p. 224. — Malacca.

*** Polynesian and Australian species.

12. L. linearis, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 3, /. 3 ; Kunze, Fil. t. 16 ;

Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 16 C. — Australia and Tasmania.

13. L. trichomonoid.es. Fry. in Linn. Trans. 3, 1. 11 ; Schk.

Fil. 1. 14, /. 3. — New Zealand.

14. L. mierophylla, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 194. — New

South Wales and Queensland.

119. SCHIZOLOMA, Gaud.

Vernation fasciculate. Fronds
pinnate; pinnae oblong or linear-
lanceolate; costa central. Veins
forked ; venules anastomosing, form-
ing oblique, elongated areoles, trans-
versely combined by an elongated
Receptacle on both margins. Sori
linear, continuous. Indusium linear,
usually equal with the indusiform
margin.

1. S. ensifolia, J. Sm. Lindsaea
ensifolia, Sw. ; Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 3. Lindsaea
lanceolata, Labill. Nov.
Holl. t. 248,/. 1. — Malayan
and Polynesian Islands.

Genus 119. — Portion of fertile
frond; natural size. No. 1.

232

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN

** Receptacles pundiform.

120. ODONTOSORIA, J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant and sarmentose, contiguous and
sub-fasciculate. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, lanceolate or deltoid,
1-5 feet long, erect or flexuose and scandent; ultimate seg-
ments cuneiform, entire, lobed or laciniated. Veins dichoto-
mously forked; venules free. Receptacles terminal, punctiform.

Genus 120. — Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 2.

Sori simple or binate. Special and accessory indusia forming a
vertical, urceolate or, by confluence, oblong, sporangiferous,
marginal cyst.

1. O. tenuifolium, J. Sm. Davallia tenuifolia, Sw. ; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 14. Stenoloma tenuifolium, Fee. — East
Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

2. O. aculeatum, J. Sm. Davallia aculeata, Sm. ; Hoolc. Sp.

Fil. t. 54 R ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 26. Adiantum
aculeatum, Finn. (Plum. Fil. t. 94). Stenoloma
aculeatum, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 27, /. 4. — West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 233

121. MICROLEPIA, Presl

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripin-
natifid, 1-6 feet high, del-
toid. Veins simply or
pinnately forked ; venules
free, the exterior one or
moresoriferous. Sorisimple,
often anti-marginal. Recep-
tacles terminal, punctiform.

Indusinm attached hy its
broad base only, or by its
base and sides, constituting
a simple, cucullate or semi-
urceolate, vertical cyst.

1. M. tricosticha, /.

Sm. Davallia tri-
costicha, Hook. ;

Lowe’s Ferns, 8,
t. 29. — Philippine

T , -. Genus 121.— Fertile pinna, under side.

Islands. no. 4.

2. M. scabra, J. Sm. Davallia scabra, Bon. Davallia villosa.

Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 48 A. — India, Japan.

3. M. cristata, J. Sm. Fn. Fil. Philipp. Davallia Khasyana,

Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 47 A, 5-7 A. — East Indies.

4. M. platyphylla, J. Sm. Davallia platyphylla, D. Bon.

Davallia Lonchitidea, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 46 B ;
Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 30; Hook. Fil. Fxot. 1. 19. Davallia
majuscula, Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 33. — East Indies.

5. M. polypodioides, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 58. Davallia

polypodioides, B. Bon. Polypodium nudum, Forst.
Davallia rhomboidea, Wall. . Davallia flaccida, R. Br.
— East Indies, Polynesia.

6. M. strigosa, Moore. Davallia strigosa, Sw. Trichomanes

strigosa, Tliunb. — Japan.

7. M. Novse-Zelandise, J. Sm. Davallia Uovae-Zelandise,

Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 51 B ; Hook. Gard. Ferns,
t. 51. Davallia hispida, Hew, Acrophorus hispidus,
Moore. — New Zealand.

234

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

122. LOXSOMA, R. Br.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds long stipitate,
deltoid, decompound, 1-1 1 foot high, glaucous beneath ; lacinise
lanceolate, dentate. Veins simple or forked ; venules free, their
apices prolonged, forming a free columnar receptacle. Special

Genus 122. — Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size;
ditto, enlarged. No. 1.

and Accessory Indusia united, forming a vertical, urceolate,.
extrorse cyst. Sporangia obovate, pedicellate, seated round the
receptacle, which is elongated beyond the mouth of the iudu-
sium. Ring of sporangium oblique.

1. L. Cunninghamii, R. Br. ; Hook. et Baxter. Gen. Fit. 1. 15 ;

Comp, to Bot. Mag. t. 31, 32 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns r
t. 31. — New Zealand.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 235

§ 2. Eudicksoniece.

Receptacles pundiform. Special and accessory indusia con-
niving, forming an urceolate or bivalved, reflexed cyst.

* Vernation uniserial, sarmentose, or rarely sub-fasciculate
and erect or decumbent, nalced or thinly furnished with scales.

123. SACCOLOMA, Kaulf.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds
4-6 feet high, pinnate, 1-2 feet
broad, smooth ; pinnae linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, 8—12 inches long,
serrated at the apex. Veins simple,
rarely forked, direct, parallel, free.
IZecepfacZespunctiform, terminal. Sori
punctiform, contiguous, laterally co-
alescing and forming a compound,
marginal, continuous sorus. Special
indusium small, transverse, elongated,
sub-scyphiform ; accessory one uni-
versal, formed of the continuous, re-
flexed margin.

1. S. elegans, Kaulf. En. Fil. t. 1,
/. 12 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 58,
/. 1, 2; Kunze, Fil. t. 41.
Davallia saccoloma, Spreng.
■ — West Indies.

Genus !23. — Portion of fertile
pinna. No. 1.

124. DEPARIA, Hook, et Grcv.

Vernation subfasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnatifid.

236

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

1-2| feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free. Receptacles
punctiform, terminal. Sori exserted. Special and accessory
indusia conniving, and forming a calyciform, pedicellate, vertical
extrorse cyst.

1. D. prolifer a, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. ( corriy .) ; Hook. Gen.

Fit. A 44 B ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 82; Lowe’s Ferns, 8,
t. 38. Dicksonia prolifera, Kaulf. Deparia Macraei,
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 154. — Sandwich Islands.

125. SITOLOBIUM, Besv.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid,
2-6 feet high. Veins simple or pin-
nately forked, the exterior venule, or
more, soriferous. Receptacles punc-
tiform, terminal. Sori globose, re-
flexed. Special and accessory indusia
united and forming a reflexed, entire,
or sub-bilabiate cup.

1. S. punctilobum, J. Sm. Ne-
phrodium punctilobulum,
Michx. Aspidium punctilo-
bulum, Sw. Dicksonia punc-
tiloba, Hook.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 8, t. 42. Dicksonia
pubescens, Sclik. Fil. 1. 131.
Dicksonia pilosiuscula,
Willd. Sitolobium pilo-
siusculum, Besv. ; J. Sm.
Gen. Fil. Dennstaedtia
punctilobula, Moore. —
North America.

S. adiantoid.es, J. Sm. Dick-
sonia adiantoides, Humb. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 26 B.
Polypodium globuliferum,
Poir (Plum. Fil. t. 30).
Dennstaedtia adiantoides,
Moore. — Tropic al America.

Genus 125. — Portion of fertile
frond, under side. No. 2.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 237

3. S. Pavoni, J. Sm. Dicksonia Pavoni, 1 Took. Sp. Fil. 1,

t. 26 A. Dennstaedtia Pavoni, Moore. — Tropical
America.

4. S. dissectum, J. Sm. Dicksonia dissecta, Rio. ; ScJJc. Fil.

t. 130 B. Dennstaedtia dissecta, Moore. Denn-
staedtia tenera, Moore. — "West Indies.

5. S. cicutarium, J. Sm. Dicksonia cicntaria, Sw. ; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 40 (Plum. Fil. t. 31). Dennstaedtia
cicutaria, Moore. — Tropical America.

6. S. anthriscifolium, J. Sm. Dicksonia anthriscifolia,

Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 27 B. Dennstaedtia
anthriscifolia, Moore. — Tropical America.

7. S. davallioid.es, J. Sm. Dicksonia davallioides, B. Be. ;

Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 41. Dennstaedtia davallioides,
Moore. — Australia.

8. S. rubiginosum, J. Sm. Dicksonia rubiginosa, Kaulf. ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 27 A ; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 45.
Dennstaedtia rubiginosa, Moore. Dicksonia nitidula,
Kunze. Dennstaedtia nitidula, Moore. — Tropical
America.

9. S. Moluceanum, J. Sm. Dicksonia Moluccana, Blume;

Lowe’s Feims, 8, t. 46. Dennstaedtia Moluccana,
Moore. — Malayan Archipelago.

** Vernation fasciculate, erect and arboreous, or rarely
decumbent, densely criniferous.

126. BALANTIUM, Kaulf.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely criniferous. Fronds
deltoid, tripinnate, smooth ; ultimate segments dentate. Veins
pinnate ; venules free, simple or forked. Receptacles punctiform,
terminal. Sori transversely oblong, large, exserted in thrysi-
form clusters. Indusium bivalved, coriaceous, the two valves
nearly equal, concave, reniform.

238

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. 33. Culcita, Kaulf. Dicksonia Culcita, L’Herit.; Lowe's

Genus 126.— Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

Ferns, 8, t. 39. Culcita macrocarpa, Presl; Hoolc.
Gen. Fil. t. 60 A. — Madeira, Azores, and Tropical
America.

127. DICKSONIA, L’Herit.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, criniferous. Fronds

Genus 12/.— Portions of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. No. l.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 239

bi-tripinnate, 5-15 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free,
simple. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori globose, large,
re flexed. Indusium bivalved, coriaceous ; the outer valve (acces-
sary indusium) concave, cucullate, conniving with the smaller,
usually less cucullate, inner valve or special indusium, forming
an unequal valved cyst.

1. D. arborescens, L’Herit.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 22 A D.

auricoma, Spreng. Balantium auricomum, Kaulf. ;
Presl. Dicksonia integra, Sw. Balantium arborescens.
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 30. — St. Helena.

2. D. antarctica, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 249. .Balantium

antarcticum, Presl. Cibotium Billardieri, Kaulf. —
Australia.

3. D. Sellowiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 22 B. Balantium

Sellowiana, Presl. — Tropical America.

4. D. squarrosa, Sw. ; Scltk. Fil. t. 130. — New Zealand.

5. D. lanata, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 23 C. — New Zealand.

128. CIBOTIUM, Katdf.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect and arborescent,
densely criniferous. Fronds tripinnatifid, 5-15 feet long, gene-
rally glaucous beneath. Veins forked or pinnate ; venules free.

Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori dentiform, reflexed.
Indusium bivalved, horny, the outer valve ( accessory indusium)
concave, cucullate, adnate to the margin ; the inner ( special
indusium) smaller, and conniving with the outer, forming an
unequal bivalved cyst.

240

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. C. Schi.ed.ei, Scldecht.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 30 A ; Hook. Gen.

FiL t. 25; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 35. — Mexico.

2. C. Barometz, J. Sm. Gen. of Ferns. Poly podium Barometz,

Lour. Cibotium glaucescens, Kunze, Fil. i. 31.
Cibotium Cumingi, Kunze. — China.

3. C. Menziesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 29 C. — Sandwich Islands.

129. THYRSOPTERIS, Kunze.

Vernation fasciculate, arborescent. Fronds decompound-
multifid, the fertile portion contracted. Sori paniculate. Veins
pinnate; venules free. Accessory and special indusia equal.

Genus 129. — Portion of fertile pinna. No. 1.

uniform, constituting a calyciform cyst, including sessile, com-
pressed sporangia seated on an elevated, globose receptacle.

1. T. elegans, Kunze, Fil. t. 1; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 44 A;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 34. — Juan Fernandez.

Tkibe XI.— CYATHEJ1.

Sori round, intra-marginal. Receptacles elevated, globose or
columnar. Indusium calyciform, semi-caiyciform or squamiform,
or altogether absent.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 241

130. SCHIZO CIENA, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate,
erect, slender, arborescent.
Fronds simple, pinnate or
bipinnatifid, 2-8 feet long,
smooth, stipes adherent
pinnae articulated with the
rachis. Veins pinnately
forked ; venules free. Sori
medial. Receptacles glo-
bose. Indusium calyci-
form, ultimately deeply
laciniated.

1. S. sinuata, J. Sm.

Gen. of Ferns
(1841). Cyathea
sinuata, Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fit.
1106. — Ceylon.

Genus 130.— Portion of fertile pinna,
natural size ; ditto enlarged. No. 1.

131. CYATHEA, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinna-

tifid, 5-15 feet long;
pinnae and pinnules in
some species articu-
lated with the rachis.
Veins forked ; venules
free. Sori axillary.
Receptacles columnar.
Indusium complete
calyciform, its margin
entire or unequally
laciniated.

Genus 131. — Portion of fertile pinna, under side.

No. 5.

* West Indian and American Species.

1. C. arborea, Sm. Polvpodium arboreum, Linn. (Plum. Fil.

t.l ct2). Disphenia arborea, Presl. Cyathea elegans,
Few; Kook. Gen. Fil. t. 23. Cyathea Grevilleana,
Mart. Disphenia Grevilleana, Eunze. — West Indies.
R

242

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. C. serra, Willd.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 9 A. — West Indies.

3. C. aculeata, Willd. Disphenia aculeata, Presl. — West

Indies.

4. C. nigreseens, J. Sin. C. arborea, var. nigreseens, Hook. —

Jamaica.

5. C. muricata, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 4). — West Indies.

** African species.

6. C. canaliculata, Willd. ; Hook. Sp.Fil. 1, t. 115; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 55. — Mauritius.

7. C. excelsa, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 12 B ; Lowe's Ferns ,

8, t. 56. — Mauritius.

8. C. Dregei, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 10 B. — South Africa.

9. C. Manniana, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 21. — Fernando Po.

*** Indian and Malayan species.

10. C. Hookeri, Thw. Enum. Plant. Zeyl. — Ceylon.

11. C. integra, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,

p. 26. — Philippine Islands.

**** Australian and Polynesian species.

12. C. medullaris, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 133; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 25. Polypodium medullare, Forst. — Pacific
Isles and New Zealand.

13. C. Smithii, Hook. fil. FI. New Zeal. t. 72. — New Zealand.

14. C. dealbata, Sw. ; A. Rich. FI. Nou. Zel. t. 10 ; Loive’s

Ferns, 8, t. 58. Polypodium dealhatum, Forst. — New
Zealand.

15. C. Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. FI. New Zeal. 2,p. 7 ; Hook .

fil. Hook. Ic. PI. t. 985. — New Zealand.

132. HEMITELIA, R. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bipinnatifid,
4-8 feet long ; stipes smooth or aculeated. Veins simply or

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 243

pinnately forked ; venules all free, or the lower pair of the lowest
fascicles angularly anastomosing, forming a costal arch or more
or less acute angle. Sori medial. Receptacles globose. Indusium
semicalyciform.

1. H. speciosa, Kaulf ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

t. 13 B ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 66.
Cyathea speciosa, Humb. Hemi-
telia integrifolia, Klot. — Tropical
America.

2. H. grandifolia, Spreng.; Hook. Sp.

Fil. t. 14 B ; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 59.
Cyathea grandifolia, Willd. (Plum.
Fil. t. 26). — West Indies.

3. H. horrida, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

t. 15 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 69 ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 60. Polypodium
horridum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 8).
Cyathea horrida, Sm. Cnemidaria
horrida, Presl.; Hook. Gen. Fit.
t. 4. — West Indies.

4. H. obtusa, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,

t. 14. Hemitelia speciosa, Mart.
Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 48, /. 2. Cne-
midaria speciosa, Presl. — West
Indies.

5. H. Karsteniana, Klot. ; Kunze, Ind.

Fil. — V enezuela.

Genus 132. — Portion
of fertile pinna, under
side. No .3.

6. H. Imrayana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 33; Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 669. — Dominica.

133. ALSOPHILA, R. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinna-
tifid, 5-15 feet long. Veins simple or forked, free. Sori axillary
or medial. Receptacles globose or columnar. Indusium semi-
calyciform, or small and squamiform, or trichiform, often
obsolete.

R 2

244

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

§ 1. Hymenostegia, J. Sm Gen. Fil. (1841).

Indusium nearly complete calyciform or very small and
scale-like.

* African species.

1. A. Capensis, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841).
Polypodium capense, Linn. Cyathea
Capensis, Sm. Hemitelia Capensis,
B. Br. Amphicosmia Capensis,
Moore. — South Africa.

** Tropical America and West Indian
species.

2. A. lsevis, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Amphicosmia
laevis, Moore. Hemitelia Guianensia,
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 648. — British Guiana.

3. A. Hostmanni, J. Sm. Hemitelia Host-
manni, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 646 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 8, t. 61. Amphicosmia Host-
manni, Moore. — Guiana.

4. A. Surinamensis, J. Sm. Hemitelia
Surinamensis, Miquel. — Guiana and
Martinique.

5. A. radens, Kanlf. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. — Brazil.

6. A. Beyrichiana, J. Sm. Cyathea Beyrichiana, Presl;

Hook. Ic. PI. t. 623. Amphicosmia Beyrichiana,
Moore. — Brazil.

§ 2. Tricostegia, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841).

Indusium absent. Sori furnished with articulated hairs,
or naked.

* Tropical American and West Indian species.

7. A. aspera, B. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 213, 214, 215 ;

Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 21 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 19 B. Poly-
podium asperum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 3). — Tropical
America and West Indies.

8. A. fero s., Presl; Hook. A. armata, Mart. Ic. Cr7jpt.Bras.tA8

(non Presl). Polypodium aculeatum, Badd. Fil. Bras,
t. 42. — Tropical America and West Indies.

Genus 133. —
Portion of ferti'e
pinna, under side.
No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

245

9. A. aeuleata, J. Sm. Polypodium aculeatum, Badd. Fil.

Bras. t. 42. Alsophila ferox, Presl. — West Indies and
Tropical America.

10. A. armata, Presl. Polypodium armatum, Sw. — Tropical

America.

11. A. proeera, Kaulf. Polypodium proeerum, Willd. —

Brazil.

12. A. villosa, Presl. Cyathea villosa, IT. B. K. Nov. Gen.

t. 670. — Tropical America.

13. A. paleolata, Hart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 43. A. munita, Hort.

Berol. — Brazil.

** Indian and Malayan species.

14. A. glauca, J. 8m. Gen. Fil. Chnoophora glauca, Blume.

Alsophila contaminans, Wall. ; Hooli. Sp. Fil. 1. 18 B.
— Malayan, Molucca, and Philippine Islands.

15. A. gigantea, Wall. ; Hooli. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 53. — India,

Ceylon.

*** Australian and Polynesian species.

16. A. Australis, B. Br. ; Hooli. Sp. Fil. t. 19 A. — East and

South Australia and Tasmania.

17. A. excelsa, B. Br. ; Hooli. Gen. Fil. t. 9 ; Hook. Sp. Fil.

1. 18 A ; Backhouse's Narrative, p. 265, with table.
A. Cooperi, Hook. Mss. — [Norfolk Island and Queens-
land.

18. A. Moorei, J. Sin. Mss. Hort. New. (1854). Stem slender,

black, 3-5 feet high ; fronds bipinnate, feet
long ; pinnules deeply pinnatifid ; lacinias elliptical,
obtuse, entire ; stipes and main rachis muricate ;
sori small, naked. A. Macarthuri, Hook. Mss. — Hew
South Wales.

246

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

134. TRICHOPTERIS, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bipinnate,
4—6 feet long, smooth, stipes articulated with the axis ; pinnae
distant ; pinnules lanceolate, coriaceous, articulated with the
rachis. Veins pinnately forked; venules free, their apices
clavate. Sori medial, criniferous, oblong, laterally contiguous

Genus 134.— Fertile pinna, natural size; portion of ditto enlarged. No. 1.

and confluent, forming a transverse row. Receptacles scarcely
elevated. Indusium absent.

1. T. excelsa, Presl. Alsophila excelsa, Mart. Ic. Crypt
Pros. t. 37. — Brazil.

135. LOPHOSORIA, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, densely criniferous.
Fronds tripinnatifid, 3-5 feet long, glaucous beneath. Veins

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 247

forked; venules free, their apices thickened. Sari medial,
criniferous. Receptacle scarcely elevated. Indusium absent.*

1. L. pruinata, Presl. Polypodium pruinatum, Sw. Also-
phila pruinata, Kaulf. Polypodium griseum, Schlc.
Fil. t. 25 B. — Tropical America.

Genus 135. — Portions of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

2. L. affinis, Presl. Alsophila affinis, Fee. A. Deckeriana,
Klot. — V enezuela.

Sub-Order II. — GLEICHENIACEiE.

Sporangia globose or pyriform, furnished with a transverse
or sub-oblique ring. Fronds rigid, opaque. Sori punctiform,
intramarginal, naked or rarely with a peltate indusium.

136. GLEICHENIA, R. Br.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds 1-6 feet high
once or more times dichotomously branched; pinnae linear,

* Setting aside the arborescent character of the stem, this genus is more
naturally related to the section Desmopodium of Phegopteris than to Alsophila.

248

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pinnatifid, ultimate divisions small, ovate, orbicular, and often
revolute or larger, linear and plane. Veins simply or pinnately

Genus 135. — Portion of barren frond, under side. No. 9.

forked ; venules free, the exterior one fertile. Sori punctiform,
terminal or medial. Sporangia few, 2-8, superficial or immersed.

* i Ultimate divisions small, concave or cucullate.
(Eugleicbenia.)

1. G. microphylla, I?. Br. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 47. — New

South Wales and Tasmania.

2. G. dicarpa, E. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 1. 1 C ; Kunze, Fil.

t. 70 ; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 48. — Tasmania.

3. G. semivestita, Ldbill. Serf. Nov. Caled. t. 11 ; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 54 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2 A. — New Cale-
donia and Malacca.

4. G. heeistopliylla, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2 B ;

Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 52. — New Zealand.

5. G. rupestris, E. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. IB; Lowe’s

Ferns, 8, t, 35.— New South Wales.

6. G. alpina, E. Br.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58. — Tasmania.

7. G. speluncse, E. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil, 1, t. 1 A; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 94. — New South Wales and Tasmania.

** Ultimate divisions plane. (Mertensia, Willd)

8. G. flabellata, E. Br. ; LabiTl. Sert. Nov. Caled. 1. 12 ; Loire’s
Ferns, 8, t. 50; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 71. Mertensia
flabellata, J. Sm. — Australia and Tasmania.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 240

9. G. dichotoma, Hook. ; Lowe's Ferns. 8, t. 21. Mertensia

dichotoma, Willd. ; Schk. Fil. t. 148; Lang, et Fiscli.
Ic. Fil. t. 29. Polypodium dichotomum, Tlmnb. FI.
Jap. t. 37. Gleichenia Hermanni, R. Br. — General
throughout the Tropical and Subtropical regions of
the Southern Hemisphere.

10. G. furcata, Spreng. ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 60. Acro-

stichum furcatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. i. 28). — "West
Indies.

11. G. pectinata, Presl. Mertensia glaucescens, Willd.

Gleichenia Hermanni, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 14
(nonR. Br.). — West Indies.

12. G. pubescens, Kunth. Mertensia pubescens, II. B. K.

Gleichenia immersa, Spreng. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 15. — Tropical America.

13. G. cryptocarpa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 6 A. — Chili.

14. G. Cunninghami, Hew. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 6 B ; Hook.

fil. FI. New Zeal. 6, t. 71. — New Zealand.

Sub-Order III.— HYMENOPHYLLACEiE.

Sporangia globose or oblate, furnished with a horizontal or
sub-oblique ring. Fronds thin, membranaceous, pellucid. Sori
marginal. Indusium an urceolate, sub-bivalved, extrorse, open

cyst.

137. HYMENOPHYLLTTM, Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds varying from
simple to decompound-multifid, membranaceous and pellucid,
smooth, or bearing simple, forked, or stellate hairs. Veins
simple or forked, free. Sori terminal. Indusium short, urce-
olate, bilabiate or bivalved. Receptacle short, included within
the indusium.

* Fronds glabrous.

f Segments entire, plane or undulated.

Stipes and rachis rarehj pilose.

1. H. asplenioides, Sw.; Hook, lsi Cent. Ferns, t. 56. —
Jamaica, Brazil.

250

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. H. abruptum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 31 N.— West Indies.

3. H. polyan.th.os, Sw. ; Hedw. Fil. cumlc.; Lowe's Ferns, 8,

t. 8 A. H. sanguinolentum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 135 C. —
West Indies, Tropical America, India, Philippines, New
Zealand, &c.

Genus 137.— Portion of fertile frond, natural sizej ditto slightly enlarged.

No. 13.

4. H. rarum, E. Br. H. semibivalve, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.

t. 83. — Tasmania, New Zealand, Chili, South Africa,
Ceylon.

5. H. flabellatum, Lab ill. Nov. Holl. t. 250. H. nitens,

Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 197. — Tasmania, New
Zealand.

6. H. demissum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 135 C. — Tasmania, New

Zealand.

5. H. scabrum, A. Rich. FI. Non. Zel. t. 14, /. 1 ; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 179. — New Zealand.

8. H. crispatum, Wall. ; Hook, et Grev. t. 77 ; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 69 B. — East Indies, Philippines, Tasmania,
New Zealand.

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED FERNS. 251

9. H. flexuosum, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 962 ; Lowe’s

New Ferns, t. 178. — New Zealand.

10. H. caudiculatum, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 67 ; Lowe’s

New Ferns, t. 68. — Brazil.

11. H. fuciforme, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 36 B ; Loive’s New

Ferns, t. 72. — Chili, Juan Fernandez.

12. H. pulcherrimum, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 37 A;

Hook. fil. FI. Nov. Zealand, 2, t. 74 ; Lowe’s New
Ferns, t. 71. — New Zealand.

13. H. dilatatum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. 1. 135 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic.

Fil. t. 60; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 70. — New Zealand.

ff Segments dentate or spinulose-serrate, often undulate.

14. H. Tunbridgense, Sm. ; Eng. Bot. t. 162; Hook. Gen.

Fil. t. 32 ; Hook. FI. Bond. t. 71 ; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t. 42 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 43 ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Nature-printed Ferns, t. 49 A. H. cupressiforme,
Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 250, /. 2. — Temperate regions of
both hemispheres.

15. H. unilaterale, Willd. ; Lindl. and Moore’s Nature-

printed Ferns, t. 49 B ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 43. H.
Wilsoni, Hook. Eng. Bot. t. 2686 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 44. — Temperate regions of both hemispheres.

16. EL multifidum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 135 B; Hook, et Grev.

Ic. Fil. t. 167. — New Zealand.

17. H. diehotomum, Gam.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 36 A. — Chili.

18. EL fucoides, Sw. ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 963. — West Indies and

Tropical America.

** Fronds pilose.

19. EL hirsutum, Sw.; Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 79, /. 1 ; Hook, et

Grev. Ic. Fil. 84. — West Indies, Brazil.

20. H. ciliatum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35 ; Lowe’s

New Ferns, t. 69 C. — West Indies and Tropica.
America.

21. H. hirtellum, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 31. — Jamaica.

22. H. Chiloense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 32 A; Lowe’s Net

Ferns, t. 69 A. — Chili.

23. H. valvatum, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 219. — Columbia.

252 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

24. H. lineare, Sw. H. trifidum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 196.

H. elegans, Sjpreng. — West Indies and Tropical
America.

25. H. sericeum, Sw. {Plum. Fil. t. 73). — West Indies and

Tropical America.

26. H. seruginosum, Carm. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 34 A. — Tristan

d’Acunlia, New Zealand.

138. TRICHOMANES, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and sarmentose.

Genus 138. — Fertile frond, natural
size. No. ll.

Fronds varying from simple to
decompound-multifid, membra-
naceous and pellucid, smooth,
or bearing simple, forked, or
stellate hairs. Veins simple or
forked, free. Sort terminal,
often sub-pedicellate. Indu-
sium urceolate or tubular. Re-
ceptacle continued beyond the
sporangia and mouth of the
indusium, often elongated and
filiform.

* Vernation uniserial,
sarmentose.

1. T. reniforme, Forst.:

lloolc. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 31 ; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 76. — New
Zealand.

2. T. membranaceum,

Linn. {Plum. Fil.
t. 101,/. A); Hook.
Exot. FI. t. 76. —
West Indies.

3. T. punctatum, Poir.;

Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 236. — West
Indies.

AX ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 253

4. T. reptans, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 32. — West

Indies.

5. T. Eojeri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 155. — Mauriti

6. T. muscoides, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179. — West

Indies.

7. T. pusillum, Sw. ; Hedw.Fil. cumlc.; Lowe' s New Ferns,

t. 163. — West Indies.

8. T. Kraussii, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 149 ; Lowe's New

Ferns, 1. 164. — West Indies and Tropical America.

9. T. venosum, It. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 78. — New

South Wales and Tasmania.

10. T. sinuosum, Rich. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 13 ; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 10 G. — West Indies.

11. T. pyxidiferum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 20 C) ; Hook, et

Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 206 ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 161. —
West Indies.

12. T. Filicula, Bony. T. bilabiatum, Nees, in Nov. Act. Cur.

(1823), t. 13, /. 2. T. bilingue, J. Sm. Hymeno-
phyllum alatum, Schk. Fil. t. 135 B. — East Indies,
Mauritius, Philippine and Polynesian Islands.

13. T. angustatum, Carm. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 166 ;

Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 A. — Tristan d’Acunha.

14. T. exsectum, Kunze, Anal. Pterid. t. 29. /. 2 ; Lowe's

New Ferns, t, 64 A. — Chili and Juan Fernandez.

15. T. trichoideum, Sw. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 199;

Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 B. T. pyxidiferum, Schk.
Fil. 1. 134. — West Indies.

16. T.radicans, Sw.; Lindl.and Moore’ sNature-printed Ferns,

t. 48 ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 42 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 41.
T. brevisetum, R. Br. T. speciosum, Willd. T. pyxi-
deferum, Huds. (non Linn.). T. alatum, Hook, in FI.
Lond. t. 53 (non Sw.). T. Europaeum, Sm. in Rees’
Cyclop. T. Hibernicum, Spreng. Hymenopbyllum
alatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 1417 ; — /3 Andrewsii, Lindl.
and Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 48 C. Trichomanes
Andrewsii, Newm. — Tropical and Temperate regions
of the Northern Hemisphere.

17. T. seandens, Linn. ; Sloane's Jam. 1, t. 58 ; Lowe’s New

Ferns, t. 62 A. — West Indies.

254

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

18. T. incisum, Kaulf. ; Bory, in Bup. Voy. t. 38,/. 1. —

Brazil.

19. T. pluma, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 997 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 63 A.

— Borneo.

** Vematio n fasciculate.

20. T. crispum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 86) ; Hook, et Grev. Ic.

Fil. t. 12 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 27. T. pilosum,
Badd. Fil. Bras. t. 79. — West Indies and Tropical
America.

21. T. pennatum, Hedw. Fil. t. 4,/. 1; Hook. Gard. Ferns,

t. 8. T. floribundum, H. B. K. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 9. T. Vittaria, Bee. ; Hook. Bond. Joum. Bot.
1, t. 5. — West Indies and Tropical America.

22. T. Kaulfussii, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. App. ; Lowe’s New

Ferns, t. 63 B. T. lncens, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 10.
— West Indies.

23. T. fimbriatum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861) ; Gard. Chron.

(1862), p. 44. — West Indies.

24. T. attenuatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 39 C ; Lowe's New

Ferns, t. 66. — West Indies.

25. T. alatum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 50,/. 1); Hook, et Grev. Ic.

Fil. t. 21. — West Indies.

26. T. Banerofti, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 204 ; Hook. Gard.

Ferns, t. 56. T. coriaceum, Kunze. — West Indies.

27. T. crinitum, Sw. ; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. — West Indies.

28. T. superbum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861) ; Gard. Chron.

(1862), p. 44. — Borneo.

*** Vernation fasciculate, erect.

29. T. Javanieum, Blume; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 240;

Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 37. T. alatum, Bory, in Dup.
Voy. t. 38, /. 2 (non Sw.). T. rhomboideum, J. Sm.
T. curvatum, J. Sm. — Malayan and Pacific Islands.

30. T. Leprieurii, Kunze, Hook. Gard. Ferns, 1. 11. T. anceps,

Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 40 C ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 68.
T. Mandioccaua, Badd, Fil, Bras. t. 79. — Brazil and
West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS.

255

31. T. rigidum, Sw. ; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. T. obscurum,

Blume. — Tropics.

32. T. fceniculaceum, Bory. T. meifolium, Kaulf. En. Fil.

t. 2 {non Bory). — Mauritius and Bourbon.

33. T. meifolium, Bory. T. Bauerianum, Endl.— East Indies,

Bourbon, Malayan, Philippine and Pacific Islands
Norfolk Island.

34. T. elongatum, A. Cunn. ; Hook Ic. PI. t. 701. — New

Zealand.

35. T. setigerum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron.

(1862). — Borneo.

36. T. saxatile, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862). T. rupestre.

Backhouse, Cat. (1861). — Borneo.

37. T. tricophyllum, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862).—

Borneo.

139. PEEA, Bory.

Vernation fasciculate,
erect. Fronds of two
forms, 2-6 inches high;
the sterile pinnatifid or
sub-pinnate ; the fertile
contracted, rachiform,
stipate, longer than the
sterile. Veins simple or
forked ; venules free.
Sori terminal, free, pedi-
cellate, in a row along
both sides of the rachis.*
Indusium tubular, caly-
ciform. Receptacle fili-
form, continued beyond
the sporangia and mouth
of the mdusium.

Genus 139.— Barren and fertile frond, natural
size. No. l.

* Not one-sided as shown in figure.

256

PERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. F. spieata, Presl. Trichomanes spicatum, TIedw. ; Hook.

Gard. Ferns, t. 60 ; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 67 C. T.
elegans , Fudge (in part) ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 52. Feea
polypodina, Bory, in Did. Sc. Nat. cum Ic. — West
Indies.

2. F. nana, Bory. Trichomanes nanum, Bory ; Hook. Sp.

Fil. 1 ,p. 115. — Guiana.

140. HYMENOSTACHYS, Bory.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds of two forms, 6-10
inches high; the sterile pinnatifid; the fertile contracted,
linear, longer than the sterile. Veins in the sterile forked ;
venules anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles ; in

Genus 140. — Portion of barren frond, natural size; ditto fertile
enlarged. No. 1.

the fertile, simple or forked, free. Sori terminal, immersed
contiguous in a row along both margins of the fertile frond.
Indusium urceolate-calyciform. Receptacle filiform, continued
beyond the sporangia and mouth of the indusium.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 257

1. H. elegans, Presl. Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, Guian.

t. 35 (in part) ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 108 ; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 2. — Guiana, Trinidad, Pacific side of Central
America.

Sub-Order IV.— O SMUNDACEM

Sporangia globose, oval or oblong, opening vertically ; apex
striated, the striae forming a more or less complete ring, which
is sometimes rudimentary only.

Tribe I. — SCHIZiEiE.

Sporangia oval or oblong, opening on the exterior side, nro-
duced on contracted racemes, or od,
terminal or marginal spike-like
appendices, or the fertile frond is
wholly contracted, or sub-con-
tracted. Apical ring complete.

141. LYGODIUM, Sw.

Vernation uniserial, distant
and sarmentose, or contiguous
and caespitose. Fronds scandent,
twining, extending to an inde-
finite length ; pinnae conjugate,
palmate-lobed, pinnatifid or pin-
nate. Veins forked, free. Spo-
rangiferous spikelets marginal,
composed of two rows of imbri-
cate indusiate cysts, each cyst
containing an oval resupinate spo-
rangium attached by its inner
side, and opening longitudinally
on its outer side.

1. L. palmatum, Sw. ; Schk.

Fil. 040 ; Lowe's Ferns,
8, t. 74 ; Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 24. — ZSTorth America.

T.

S

Genus 141.— Portion of fertile
froud, under side. No. 2.

4

• 258 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. L. flexuosum, Sw. Ophioglossum flexuosum, Linn.

Lygodium dickotomum, Svj. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 55. — East Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

3. L. eircinnatum, Sw. — Malayan and Philippine Islands.

4. L. scandens, Sw. Ophioglossum scandens, Linn. — East

Indies.

5. L. Japonicum, Sw. Ophioglossum Japonicum, Thunb. —

China and Japan.

6. L. articulatum, A. Rich, in Voy. d’ Astrolabe, t. 15. — New

Zealand.

7. L. polystachyum, Wall. — East Indies.

8. L. mierophyllum, R. Br. — Tropical Australia, Polynesian

Islands.

142. LYGODICTYON, J. Sm.

Vernation and general habit the same as in Lygodium.
Veins reticulated.

Genus 142. — Barren and fertile pinna, natural size ; fertile enlarged. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 259

1. L. Forsteri, ./. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. Ill B. Lygo-

dium reticulatum, Schk. Fil. t. 139. Hydroglossum
polycarpnm, Willd. Ophioglossum scandens, Forst.
(non Linn.). — Polynesian Islands.

2. L. heterodoxum, J. Sm. Lygodium heterodoxum, Kunze,

Fil. t. 113. Hydroglossum heterodoxum, Moore.
Lygodium Lindeni, Hart. — Guatemala.

143. ANEMIA, Sw.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnate
or bi-tripinnatifid ; the fertile always tripartite, the two opposite
segments contracted, erect, con-
stituting two sporangiferous ra-
cemes, the third segment sterile,
with forked free veins. Sporangia
oval, attached by the base, open-
ing vertically on the exterior side.

1. A. Dregeana, Kunze, Fil.

t. 20; Hook. Icon. PI.
t. 236. — South Africa.

2. A. collina, Badd. Fil. Bras.

t. 12 ; Hook. Fil. Exot.

1. 1. Anemia hirta ,Hort.

(non Sw.). — Tropical
America.

3. A. Mandioceana, EacM. Fil.

Bras. t. 9, /. 1 ; Hook.

Gard. Ferns, t. 36. —

Brazil.

4. A. tomentosa,£w;. Osmunda

tomentosa, Lam. Ane-
mia flexuosa, Sw. ;

Badd. Fil. Bras. 1. 13 ;

Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 30.

A. villosa, II. et B. ; Genus 143.-3arren pinna. No. 7.

Presl. A. raddiana, Link. A. ferruginea, II. B. K.
Anemia cheilanthoides, Kaulf. ; e cheilanthoides. —
Tropical America, Brazil.

260

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

5. A. fulva, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 142 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 126. —

Tropical America.

6. A. hirsuta, Sw. Osmunda hirsuta, Linn. (Plum. Fil.

1. 162). Anemia repens, Eadd. Fil. Eras. t. 2 E. —
Tropical America.

7. A. adiantifolia, Sw. ; Loire's Xew Ferns, t. 32. Osmunda

adiantifolia, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 158). Anemia cicu-
taria, Moore et Houlst. Anemia adiantifolia, ft asple-
nifolia, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 16. A. asplenifolia,
Sw. — Tropical America.

144. ANEMIDICTYON, J. Sin.

Vernation and habit the same as in Anemia; but with
reticulated veins.

Genus 141.— Barren pinna, natural size ; fertile spike, ditto. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 261

1. A. Phyllitidis, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. i. 103. Osmunda
Phyllitidis, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 156). Anemia
Phyllitidis, Siv. ; ft longifolium. Anemia longifolia,
1 ladd. Fil. Bras. t. 8. Anemidictyon Phyllitidis,
Lowe’s Ferns, 8 , t. 71 ; y fraxinifolium. Anemia
fraxinifolia, Itadd. Fil. Bras. t. 8 bis ; o densum.
Anemia densa, Link. — Tropical America.

145. MOHRIA, Sw.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnate, 6-12
inches high ; pinnae entire, laciniated, or
multifid ; the fertile generally contracted,
constituting a sporangiferous raceme, or
sub-contracted, with the margin of the
segments inflexed, indusiform, and spo-
rangiferous. Veins free. Sporangia sessile,
oval or nearly globose, opening vertically on
their exterior side.

1. M. thurifraga, Sw. Sijn. Fil. t. 5; Schk. . ,
mf.143; Hook. Gen. Fil. 1. 104 B; gg<

Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 70. Osmunda
thurifraga, Linn.; ft achillasfolia, Genus U5._Portion o(
Lowe’s New Fei'ns, t. 42 B. Mohria fertile frond, under
achillaafolia, Hort. — South Africa. slde‘ No- '•

146. SCHIZJEA, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely distant.
Fronds linear, simple, stipitiform, simply forked, or dichoto-
mously flabellate, 2-20 inches high. Veins forked, free. Fertile
appendices terminal, pinnate, cristaeform ; segments induplicate,
each bearing on its inner side two compact rows of sessile oval
sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically.

1. S. pusilla, Pursh; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 47. — United
States and New Zealand.

262

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. S. elegans, Stu. Lophidium elegans, Presl. Scliizsea
elegans ; a latifolia. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 34. —
Tropical America.

Genus 146. — Portion of barren and fertile frond, natural size;
fertile spikelet enlarged. No. 2.

3. S. rupestris, II. Br. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 48 ; Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 42. — Australia.

147. ACTINOSTACHYS, Wall.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short. Frond s-
linear, simple, stipitiform, compressed, triquetrous at the base,
9 -18 inches high. Costa prc minent, continuous. Fertile appen-
dices terminal, digitato-flabellate, cristseform ; segments indu-

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 263

plicate, each bearing on its inner side four rows of sessile, oval
sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically.

Genus 147.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size ; spikeret
enlarged. No. 1.

1. A. digitata, Wall. Schizaea digitata, Sw. ; Hook. GarcL
Ferns, t. 49. — East Indies ; Malayan, Philippine,
and Fiji Islands.

Tribe II — OSMUNDE51.

Sporangia globose, reticulated, short-pedicellate, oblique and
gibbous at the apex, opening by a vertical slit, sub-bivalved.
Bing incomplete or obsolete.

148. OSMUNDA, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds pinnate
or bipinnate, 3—10 feet high ; pinna; articulated with the rachis.
Veins forked ; venules free. Fertile fronds wholly, or the upper
or middle portion, contracted, forming simple or compound
sporangiferous panicles.

264

FERNS : BRITISH AKD FOREIGN.

* Fertile frond wholly contracted. (Osmundastrum.)

1. O. cinnamomea, Linn.; Sclik. Fil.

t. 146 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 45 ;
Lowe's Ferns, 8, 1. 1. — North and
South America, East Indies.

## Lateral pinnae of fertile frond con-
tracted. (Plenasium.)

2. O. Claytoniana, Linn. ; Lowe's Feins,
8, t. 2. 0. interrupta, Michx. ;

Schk.FiLt.lA4. — North America.

*** Terminal pinnae of
fertile frond contracted.
(Euosmunda.)

3. O. regalis, Linn. (Plum.
Fil.t.B,fA)\ Sclik.
Fil. t. 145 ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 46 A ;
Fug. Bot. t. 209 ;
Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 50 ;
Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 45 ; Sowerby’s
Feins, t. 44 ; — var.
cristatns, Moore,
in Gard. Chron.
(1863). — North
Temperate Zone,

Genus 148.— Pinnule of barren frond, and -p -i

fertile spike.natural size. No. 3. X>1 nru.

4. O. spectabilis, Willd. O. regalis, var. /3, Linn. — North
America.

5. O. gracilis, Link. — North America.

149. TODEA, Willd.

Vernation asciculate, erect, sub-arboreous. Fronds bipinna-
tifid, 2-6 feet high; pinnae coriaceous or membranaceous;
fertile frond sub-contracted. Veins forked ; venules free.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 265

Receptacles medial. Sori oblong, linear, simple or forked,
naked, often confluent.

Genus 149. — Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 1.

* Fronds coriaceous, opaque. (Eutodea.)

1. T. Africana, Willd. ; Schk. Fit. t. 147 ; Foote. Gen. Fit.

t. 46 B, f. 1 ; Fook. fit. FI. Tasm. t. 168 ; Loive's
Ferns, 8, t. 67. Acrostichum barbarum, Linn. Todea
barbara, Moore's Synop. T. rivularis, Sieb. ; Kunze,
Anal. t. 4. T. Australasica, A. Gunn. — South Africa,
Australia, Tasmania.

** Fronds membraneous. (Leptopteris.)

2. T. hymenophylloid.es, Bicli. Voy. d' Astrolabe, 1. 16 ; Fook.

Gen. Fil, t. 46 JB, f. 7 ; Fooh. Gard. Ferns, t. 54.
Leptopteris hymenophylloides, Presl. Todea pellucida,
Carm. ; Fook. Ic. PI. t. 8. — New Zealand.

3. T. superba, Colenso. Leptopteris superba, Fook. Ic. PI

t. 910. — New Zealand.

4. T. Fraseri, Fook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 101. Leptopteris

Fraseri, Presl. — New Holland.

§ 2. Exannulatce.

Sporangia coriaceous, opaque, destitute of a ring.

Order II. — MARATTIACEiE, Faulf.

Sporangia dorsal, esannnlate, opaque, horny, generally sessile,
distinct, or connate and forming synangia, opening by a pore or
longitudinal slit.

266

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

150. MARATTIA, Sm.

Genus 150. — Fertile pinnule, under
side. No. S.

Vernation fasciculate, erect,
snbarboreous; each frond rising
from between two fleshy sti-
pulaeform appendages (which
sometimes assume the cha-
racter of abnormal fronds) ;
base of the stipes clavate,
pseudo-articulated with the
axis. Fronds bi-tripinnate,
6-18 feet long ; pinnules
articulated with the rachis.
Veins simple or forked, free.
Synangia sessile, superficial,
oblong, distant, sub-terminal,
longitudinally bivalved, each
valve consisting of 3-12 late-
rally-connate sporangia, which
open by a slit on their interior
side. Receptacles sometimes
furnished with an indusioid
fimbriate membrane.

1. M. alata, Sm. Ic. ined.

t. 46; Sclik. FU.
t. 152 ; Booh. Gen.
Fit. t. 26. Disco-
stegia alata, Presl.
Marattia Lauchi-
ana, Hort. — West
Indies.

2. M. cicutaefolia, Kaulf. ; Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 69, 71, 72.

Gymnotheca cicutaefolia, Presl. — Brazil.

3. M. elegans, Endl. — Norfolk Island, New Zealand.

4. M. fraxinea, Sm. Ic. ined. t. 48; Schh. Fil. t. 152. —

Mauritius, West Africa.

5. M. laxa, Kunze ; Schh. Supp. 1, t. 95 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 8
t. 77. Gymnotheca lasa, Presl. Marattia macro-
phylla, Hort. — Mexico.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 2G7

6. M. purpurascens, Be Vriese ; Hoolc. Fil. Exot. t. 65.

Marattia Ascensionis, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ;
var. cristata, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). — Island
of Ascension.

7 M. VerschafFeltiana, ./. Sm. GymnothecaYerschaffeltiana,
Be Yriese.

151. EUPODIUM, /. Sm.

Vernation and general character as in Marattia, differing in
the synangia being pedicellate.

Genus 151. — Portion of fertile fronrl, natural size; ditto enlarged.

No. 1.

1. E. Kanlfussii, J. Sm. ; IToolc. Gen. Fil. 1. 118. Marattia
Kaulfussii, J. Sm. ; Hoolc. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 95 ;
Lowe's New Ferns, t. 17. Marattia lievis, Kaulf.
( non Sm.). — Brazil.

268

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

152. ANGIOPTERIS, Baffin.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous ; each frond rising

Genus 152. — Fertile pinnule, under side.
No. 2.

from between two fleshy
stipuleeform appendages ;
base of the stipes clavate,
pseudo-articulated with the
axis. Fronds 6-18feet high,
bipinnate ; pinnules articu-
lated with the rachis. Veins
simple or forked, free. Re-
ceptacles oblong, linear, sub-
terminal. Sporangia 7-24,
biserial, sessile, free, open-
ing by a slit on the inner
side. Sort oblong, late-
rally contiguous, forming a
broad, submarginal, trans-
verse band.

1. A. evecta, Hoffm. ;

Schk. Fa. t. 150 ;
Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 15. Polypodium
evectum, Forst. —
Islands of the Pa-
cific Ocean and
Ceylon.

2. A. Teysmanniana,

Ee Vriese, Mon.
Maratt. t. 1-2 ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8,
t. 76. — Java.

3. A. Brongniartiana, De Vriese, Mon. Maratt. t. 3,/. 5. —

Tahiti.

4. A. pruinosa, Eunze, Fil. t. 91. — Java.

5. A. hypoleuea, De Vriese. — Java.

6. A. Miqueliana, Be Vriese. A. longifolia, Miq. et Hort. —

Malayan Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 269

153. DANJEA, Sm.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent ; sarmentum
thick, fleshy ; each frond rising from between two short
stipulaeform appendages, and having the stipes once or more
times articulated. Fronds pinnate, rarely simple, 1-3 feet high,
the fertile usually somewhat contracted; pinnae opposite, linear-
lanceolate, articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; venules

Genus 153. — Barren and fertile frond, natural size ; synangiutn enlarged.
No. 1.

parallel, their apices arcuate and anastomosing at the margin.
Synangia sessile, immersed, linear, contiguous, occupying nearly
the whole length of the venules, and covering the whole under
surface of the fertile fronds ; each consisting of two rows of
numerous laterally and oppositely connate sporangia united
into a concrete mass, forming linear synangia, each cell opening
by a circular pore at their apices.

1. D. alata, Sm. ; Hook. et Grev.Ic. Fil. <.18; Hook. Gen. Fit.

t. 7. — West Indies and Tropical America.

2. D. nodosa, Sm. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 152 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.

t. 51. Asplenium nodosum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 108).
— West Indies and Tropical America.

270

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

154. KAULFUSSIA, Blume.

♦

Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent; sarmentum
thick, fleshy ; each frond rising from between two short, fleshy,
stipulseform appendages. Fronds broad, pinnately-trifoliate, with

the two lower pinnce sometimes
bipartite, 1-2 feet high, long,
stipate, pale underneath, and
furnished with numerous con-
cave dots. Veins costseform,
parallel ; venules compound ana-
stomosing, with free veinlets
terminating within the areoles.
Synangia sessile, compital, super-
ficial, distant, orbicular, concave-
hemispherical, each consisting of
10-20 sporangia, laterally con-
nate in a circular series, and
slightly enlarged. No. i. opening by a slit on their interior

side.

1. K. aesculifolia, Blume ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 229 ;

Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 59 A. — Java and Philippine
Islands.

Order III.-OPHIOGLOSSACE^].

Flowerless plants consisting of straight evolved fronds, which
produce from their disk or base a rachiform, simple or com-
pound paniculate spike, of unilocular, sessile, connate, homo-
geneous cases (sporangia), opening by a vertical slit in two
valves, containing reproducing spores.

155. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn.

Fronds erect or pendulous, with dissimilar fertile and sterile
segments, or rarely the whole frond rachiform. Sterile frond or
segments foliaceous, simple, entire, palmately lobed or dicho-
tomously branched. Veins reticulated. Fertile segments spike-
like, simple or rarely forked. Sporangia connate, in two rows.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

271

forming a distichous, synangeous spike, each cell opening
horizontally in two equal valves.

Genus 155. — Plant natural size; fertile spike enlarged. No. 3.

Fronds erect, the sterile segments ovate or linear (Terrestrial).
(E uophioglossum.)

1. O. Lusitanicum, Linn.; Hoolc. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 80 ;

Hindi. and Moore's Bnt. Ferns, t. 51 C; Sowerby’s
Ferns, t. 47. Ophioglossum vulgatum, var. angusti-
foliurn, Hoolc. Brit. Ferns, t. 47. — South of Europe.

2. O. peduneulosum, Besv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 29, /. 2. —

North America.

272

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

3. O. vulgatum, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 153 ; Hook. Gen. Fil.

t. 59 B ; Eng. Bot. t. 108 ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 51 B ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 46 ; Sowerhfs
Ferns, t. 46. — Temperate Zone of the Northern
Hemisphere.

4. O. reticulatum, Linn. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 20 (Plum.

Fil. t. 164). — Tropics.

** Fronds pendulous ; the sterile segments ribbon-formed,
usually dichotomously branched (Epiphytal). (Ophioderma.)

5. O. pendulum, Linn.; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 19; Hook.

Gard. Ferns, t. 33. — Tropics of Eastern Hemisphere.

6. O.furcatum,./. Sm. Ophioglossum pendulum ; /3 furcatum,

Presl, Tent. Pterid. Supp. p. 56. — Queensland.

*** Fronds palmate, pendulous. (Cheiroglossa.)

7. O. palmatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. 1. 163) ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 4.

— West Indies, New Granada, Peru, Brazil, Mauritius.

156. HELMINTHOSTACHYS, Kaulf.

Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments.
Sterile segments foliaceous, digitate, pedate. Veins forked ;

Genus 156.— Portion of sterile pinna, natural size j ditto enlarged;
fertile spike, natural size. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 273

venules free. Fertile segment a racliiform spike. Sporangia
subglobose, sessile, in pedicellate crested whorls (rarely distinct),
forming a clustered simple spike, opening vertically by a slit on
the exterior side.

1. H. Zeylanica, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 47 JB ; Hook. 2nd Cent.

Ferns, t. 94 ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 28. Osmunda
Zeylanica, Linn. Helminthostachys dulcis, Kaulf.
— Ceylon, Malay, Molucca, Philippine, and other
islands.

157. BOTRYCHIUM, Linn.

Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments.
Sterile segments foliaceous. deltoid, bi-tripinnatifidly decom-

Genus 157.— Portion of barren and fertile segments, natural size; fertile
enlarged.

274

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pound, rarely pinnate. Veins forked; venules free. Fertile
segments rachiform, compound paniculate. Sporangia distinct,
in two unilateral rows, opening vertically in two equal valves.

1. B. simplex, Hitchcock ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 82. —

North America.

2. B. Lunaria, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 154 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 47 A ■

Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 51 A ; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 48 ; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 45. Osmunda
Lunaria, Linn. Eng. Bot. t. 318; — ft rutaceum.
Botrychium rutaceum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 155 B. —
Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

3. B. lunarioid.es, Sw. Botrypus lunarioides, Michx.; —

ft obliquum, A. Gray. Botrychium obliquum, Muhl.
B. lunarioides, Sclik. Fil. t. 157; — y dissectum,
A. Gray. Botiychium dissectum, Spr. ; Sclik. Fil.
1. 158. — North America.

4. B. Virginicum, Willd. Osmunda Virginica, Linn. Botry-

chium Yirginianum, Sw. ; Sclik. Fil. t. 156 ; Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 29. — Temperate Zone of the Northern
Hemisphere, Tropical America, East Indies, and
Ceylon.

Order IY.-LYCOPODIACE.ffi.

Flowerless moss or fern-like plants, consisting of firm, erect,
creeping or pendulous, simple or branched, often flagelliform
stems, furnished with acerose, rusciform or jungermannia-like,
sessile leaves, which are generally imbricate, and often disti-
chous and of two kinds, bearing in their axis, or on contracted
terminal spikes, 1-3-celled reniform or globose sessile spore-
cases ( sporangia ), of one or of two forms ; one called Antheri-
dangia, containing numerous spores ; the other Ooplioridangia ,
containing 1-3-8 large spores.

158. PSILOTUM, Sw.

Stems dichotomously forked, compressed or angular, rigid,
erect or slender, pendulous ; leaves obsolete or small, bract-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

275

like. Sporangia subglobose, trilobed, vertically trivalve d,
solitary in the axis of the bract-like leaves.

Genus 158. — Portion of fertile frond, natural size; spore-case
enlarged. No. 1 .

1. P. triquetrum, Sw. ; Schlc. Fil. t. 165 b ; TIoolc. Gen. FiL
t. 87 ; Lodd. Cab. t. 1916. Lycopodium nudum,
IAnn. — Tropics and sub-tropical regions of both
hemispheres.

159. LYCOPODIUM, Linn.

Stems rigid, erect or slender, flagelliform, pendulous or
creeping ; leaves acerose, subulate or rusciform, distant or
imbricate. Sporangia reniform, vertically bivalved, solitary in
the axis of the leaves, or in terminal, rarely lateral, contracted,
ament-like spikes. Spores numerous, small, uniform ( Antlieri -
dangia only ?).

27 6

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Stems creeping. (Epigeous.)

1. L. clavatum, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 162 ; Eng. Bot. t. 224. —

Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

2. L. annotinum, Linn.; Sclik. Fil. 1. 160; Eng. Bot. t. 239.

— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

3. L. inundatum, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 162 ; Eng. Bot. 1. 1727.

— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

Genus 159.— Portion plant, natural size; spore-case enlarged.

** Stems erect. (Epigeous.)

4. L. Selago, Linn.; Sclik. Fil. t. 159; Eng. Bot. t. 233. —

Europe, Britain.

5. Ii. alpinum, Linn. ; Sclik. Fil. 1. 161 ; Eng. Bot. t. 234. —

Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

6. L. densum, Labil.Nov. Soil. 2, t. 251,/. 1. — Australia.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS.

277

7. L. fastigiatum, B. Br. — New Zealand.

8. L. complanatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 165,/. B); Schk.

Fil. t. 163. — Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemi-
sphere.

9. L. dendroideum, Michx. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 21. — North

America.

10. L. cernuum, Linn. ( Bheed . Mai. t. 2, t. 39) ; Burm. FI.

Zey. t. 66 (Plum. Fil. t. 155, /. A). — Tropics ; very

*** Stems pendulous. (Epiphytal.)

11. L. Phlegmaria, Linn. (Bheed. Mai. 12,114). — Tropics of

the Eastern Hemisphere.

12. L. vertieillatum, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. Pi. 5, p. 48. —

Mauritius.

13. L. ulieifolium, Vent. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 27. — India.

14. L. Hookeri, Wall. ; Hoolt. et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 165. — India.

15. L. taxifolium, Sw. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 48. — West Indies.

160. SELAGINELLA, Spring.

Fern-like plants. Stems offrondules creeping, suh-ascending
or erect, scandent, of undefined extension (surculose), or rising

Genus 1 60.— Portion of plant, and the two kinds of spore-cases enlarged.

singly from an underground elongating stolon (caulescent), or
in a fasciculate manner from a simple erect centre (rosulate) ;

general.

278

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

leaves generally imbricate, distichous, jungermannia-like, of
two sizes ; the smaller stipulaeform. Sporangia reniform,
vertically bivalved, sessile in the axis of the leaves, or on con-
tracted terminal spikes. Spores of two forms : in some,
sporangia ( Antheridangia ) small and numerous; in others
( Oophoridangia ), 3 — 4, large.

A. Plant leafy on all sides.

1. S. spinulosa, Spring. Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn.;

Schk. Fil. 1. 165 ; Eng. Bot. 1. 1148. — Europe, Britain.

2. S. uliginosa, Lai. Nov. Soil. 2, p. 104, t. 251,/. 2; Willd.

Sp. PI. 5, p. 32. — Australia and Tasmania.

B. Leaves distichous.

§ 1. Plants snrculose.
f Stems decumbent, creeping.

3. S. Apus, Spring. Monogr. p. 75. S. densa, Uort. Lycopo-

dium Brasiliense, Eadd. Fil. Bras. 82, t. 1. — North
America and Brazil.

4. S. Ludoviciana, A. Braun. Revise, No. 5. — Louisiana.

5. S. Helvetica, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2 ,p. 83. Lycopodium

Helveticum, Linn. — Europe, Switzerland.

6. S. dentieulata, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 82. Lyco-

podium denticulatum, Linn. — Central Europe.

7. S. delicatissima, A. Braun. Revise, No. 8. S. microphylla,

Spring. —Columbia.

8. S. serpens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 102. Lycopodium

serpens, Besv. S. mutabalis, Hod. S. variabilis,
Hod. S. Jamaicensis, Hort. — Jamaica.

9. S. uncinata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 109. S. cassia, Hort. —

China.

10. S. hortensis, Metten. Fil. Hod. Lips.p. 128. S. denticu-

lata. Hod. — South of Europe. t

11. S. sarmentosa, A. Braun. S. patula, Spring. S. apo-

thecia, Hort. — West Indies.

12. S. Poeppigiana, Spring. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 56. — Tropical

America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 279

13. S. stenophylla, A. Braun. Revise, No. 35. S. micro

pliylla, Ilort. — Mexico.

tt Stems sub-erect.

14. S. Martensii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 129. Lycopodium

stoloniferum, Link. Lycopodium Brasiliense, Hort. —
Mexico.

15. S. Breynii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 119. S. Panamensis,

Sort. S. Paeppigiana, Sort. — Guiana.

16. S. Galeottii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 220. Lycopodium

stoloniferum, Mart, et Gal. S. Schottii, Sort. —
Mexico.

17. S. sulcata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 214. Lycopodium

sulcatum, Desv. — Columbia.

18. S. atroviridis, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 124. Lycopodium

atroviride, Wall. ; Sook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 39. — East
Indies.

19. S. insequalifolia, Spring. Monogr. 2,p. 148. Lycopodium

inaequalifolium, Sook. et Grev. — East Indies and
Java.

20. S. ciliata, A. Braun. Revise, No. 14. Lycopodium ciliatum,

Willd. — Tropical America.

21. S. Griffithii, Spring.; Veitch. Cat. (1861). — Borneo.

ttt Stems scandent.

22. S. laevigata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 137. Lycopodium

laevigatum, Willd. Lycopodium WillJenovii, Besv.
Selaginella cassia, var. arborea, Sort. S. altissima,
Klot. — East Indies.

§ 2. Plants caulescent.

23. S. cauleseens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 158. Lycopodium

caulescens. Wall. var. minor, Veitcli. Cat. (1861). —
East Indies.

24. S. erythropus, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 156. Lycopodium

erythropus. Mart. Ic. Sel. PI. Crypt, t. 20, /. 3. —
Tropical America.

25. S. viticulosa, Klot. ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 186. —

Columbia.

26. S. flabellata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 174. Lycopodium

flabellatum, Linn. — Columbia and Peru.

280

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

27. S. filicina, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 189. S. dichrous, Sort.

— Columbia and Peru.

28. S. Africans, A. Braun. Revise, No. 23. S. V ogelii, Spring.

— Fernando Po.

29. S. pubescens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 173. Lycopodium

pubescens. Wall. S. Willdenovii, Hort. — East Indies.

30. S. Lyalin, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 168. Lycopodium

Lyallii, Hook. et Grev. — Madagascar.

31. S. Lobbii, IT art. ; A. Braun. Revise, App. No. 26 ; Veitcli .

Cat. (1861). — Borneo.

32. S. Waliiehii, Hort.; Veitcli. Cat. (1861). — Penang.

§ 3. Plants rosulate.

33. S. cuspidata, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 66. S. pal-

lescens, Klot. S. circinalis, Hod. — Tropical America.

34. S. convoluta, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 69. Lycopodium

convolutum. Walk, and Arnott. Lycopodium para-
doxa, Hort. — Tropical America.

35. S. involvens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 63. Lycopodium

involvens, Sw. — India.

36. S. lepidophy 11a, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 27. Lycopodium

lepidophyllum, Hook, et Grev. — Mexico.

Order V. — MARSILEACE.ZE.

Plants growing in, or floating in water (rarely not in water),
very various in character, consisting of grass or trefoil-like
leaves, or branched with imbricated leaves, bearing sporangia
(conceptacles*) at their roots, or base, or on the footstalks, or on
small branchlets on the under side, which are 1-4, or many-
cefled.

161. MARSILEA, Linn.

Plants with quadrifid (trefoil-like) leaves on a long footstalk,
from a rhizome growing under water. Sporangia ( conceptacles )
borne on the rhizome at the base of the footstalk, or pedicellate

* A hollow case containing spore- cases j a compound sporangium

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED PERNS. 281

on the footstalk, 2-valved, containing numerous obovate recep-
tacles in two longitudinal series, bearing cellular vesicles of

Genus 1 61. —Plant with spore-cases, natural size. No. 1.

two kinds — 1. ( Antlieridangia ), containing numerous small
spores ; 2. (OopJioridangia), containing a single large spore.

1. M. quadrifolia, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 538 ; Schk.

Crypt. 1. 173. — Germany.

2. M. maeropus, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 909 ; Card. Ferns, t. 63 ;

Seemann, Journ.Bot. 1, p. 6. (The Aardoo plant of
Australian explorers.) — Australia.

282

PEEKS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

162. PILULARIA, Linn.

Plants with filiform leaves, from a creeping rhizome under
water. Sporangia ( conceptacles ) radical (at the base of the leaves
on the rhizome), globose, coriaceous, 2— 4-celled, 2-4-valved, each

Genus 1 62. — Plant, natural size. No. 1.

cell containing different kinds of bodies : — 1. ( Anther idangia),
consisting of vesicles containing many minute granular spores ;
2. (Oophor idangia), each containing a single large spore.

1. P. globulifera, Linn. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 535 ; Bolt.

Fil. t. 40 ; Sclik. Crypt, t. 173 ; Eng. Bot. t. 521. —
Europe and Britain.

i

163. ISOETES, Linn.

Plants with awl-shaped leaves, from a thick creeping rhizome
under water or out of water. Sporangia ( conceptacles ) borne in the

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 283

axis of the leaves at their base, globose, 1 -celled, traversed by
thread-like receptacles of two kinds : — 1. { Anther idangia),
containing numerous small spores; 2. ( Oophoridangia ), con-
atining large 4-sided spores.

Genus 163.— Plant, natural size. No. 1.

1. I. laeustris, Linn.; Willd. Sp. PI. 5, p. 534; Bolt. Fil.

t. 41 ; Sclik. Crypt. 1. 173 ; Eng. Bot. 1084.— Europe,
Britain.

284

ADDENDA.

A considerable time having elapsed since the pre-
ceding Enumeration was prepared and sent to the
press, has enabled me to note a number of recently
introduced, and a few omitted older species, which I
now enumerate in the form of addenda.

KB. — Those marked thus f after the name of the country
are entered on the authority of Mr. T. Moore’s notices of them,
in the Proceedings of tlie Eoyal Horticultural Society and the
Gardeners' Chronicle newspaper ; not having myself seen them
alive or obtained specimens.

38. LOMARIOPSIS.

2*. L. fraxinea, J. Sm. Lomana frasinea, Willd. Acro-
stichum (Lomariopsis) sorbifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,
p. 241 ( non J. Sm.). — Mauritius.

Obs. — This is a very distinct plant from the "West Indian
type of L. sorbifolia.

50. GYMNOGRAMMA.

§ 7. Ampelogramma, J. Sm. Vernation sarmentose, according
to Hook. ; f ronds indefinite ; racliis flexuose ; pinnae bi-tr pinnate,
refracted; pinnules small, cuneiform.

18. G. flexuosa, Desv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 192. G. retro-
fracta, Hook, st Grev. Bot. Hisc. 3, t. 112. — Tropical
America.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 285

62. DICTY OPTERIS.

2. D. macrodonta, Presl, Tetn. Pterid.; J. Sm. Gen. Fil.

Philipp. ; Hook. J burn. Bot. 3, p. 396. Polypodium
macrodon, lieinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Aspidium difforrue,
Blume, accord, to Beinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Polypo-
dium confluens, Wall. — East Indies, Malayan Archi-
pelago, Fiji.

Obs. — In Herbariums and books there is great confusion
in the synonymy of what, according to Garden plants, seem
to be two distinct species ; — • viz., Dictyopteris irregularis and
T). macrodon of Presl ; judging from Herbarium specimens, they
are difficult to be recognized as distinct ; but living plants show
the first to have erect vernation, the other decumbent.

The Kew Collection is indebted for this species, as also the
beautiful Microlepia flatyphylla, and others, to Mr. Robert
Kennedy, Florist and Fern-dealer in Covent Garden.

3. D. Cameroonianis, J. Sm. Polypodium (Dictyopteris)

Cameroonianum, Hook. Sp.Fil. 5,p.l04. Dictyopteris
varians, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1864). — Tropical
West Africa.

Obs. — A plant of this Fem was sent some time ago from Old
Calabar to the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and I am
indebted for a specimen of it to Mr. James McNab, the
Curator of that truly scientific garden.

63. MENISCIUM.

3*. M. angustifolium, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 164.—
Tropical America.

65. NEPHEODIUM.

4*. N. cyatheoides, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 241. Poly-
stichum Dubreuillianum, Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot.
Crypt, t. 9. — Sandwich Islands.

Obs. — It is but right to observe that this remarkable species,
as also the Sandwich Island Ferns in this addenda, with the
previously entered Phegopleris unidentala, and the remarkable

286

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Colysis Spectrum, also the beautiful Cibotium Menziesii, were
sent to the Royal Gardens, Kew, from the Sandwich Islands by
Dr. Hillebrand, in 1863.

68. CYRTOMIUM.

1*. C. Fortunei, J. Sm. Fronds 1— II foot long, pinnate ;

pinnae lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, 2—3 inches long,
1 inch wide, entire, the base oblique, the inferior
rounded, the superior truncate and subauriculate.
Costa ebenous, upper surface dull, unreflecting. Sort
numerous. — Japan.

Obs. — In Herbaria, specimens of this cannot readily be dis-
tinguished from C. falcatum ; but on seeing living plants stand-
ing side by side, the difference is evident ; C. Fortunei being a
smaller-growing plant, thinner in texture, and not lucid and
reflecting light, as C. falcatum.

70. ASPIDIUM.

3*. A. polymorphum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fit. 4, p. 54 ( exclude
syn.). — India, Ceylon.

3##. A. Barteri, J. Sm. Vernation erect. Fronds pinnate,
1-2 feet high; pinnae linear-lanceolate, 6-7 inches
long, 1-1| broad ; the lower pair sometimes binate,
or auriculated on the lower margin. Sori regularly
biserial between the primary veins. Indusium small,
fugaceous. Aspidium polymorphum. Wall, ac-
cording to Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 54. — West Africa,
Fernando Po.

Obs. — This is quite distinct from the preceding species.

In A. Barteri the sori are perfectly serial, whereas in A. poly-

rnorpkum the sori are scattered.

74. POLYSTICHTJM.

6*. P. lepidoeaulon, J. Sm. Aspidium lepidocaulon, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, t. 217. — Japan.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 287

Obs. — On receiving this plant, it accorded so well with the
Indian specimen of P. obliqumn, which led to that name being
inserted at p. 149, but the plant grew out of its imported form ;
and if the Indian pl;,nt (which has not yet been introduced)
should assume the character of this by cultivation, then this
name must become a synonym.

The introduction of this species is due to Mr. Richard Oldham,
the last special collector of plants sent out from Kew, who,
after remaining three years in Japan, visited Formosa, where
his health failed. He returned to Amoy, and there died in
November, 1864.

10*. P. concavum, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 377. Lastrea
Standishii, Hort. — Japan.f

10**. P. ordinatum, Fee ; Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 367. —
Tropical America.-)-

75. LASTREA.

29*. L. spectabilis, J. Sm. in Enum. Fit. Philipp. Hoolc. Journ.

Bot. 3 (1841). Aspidium spectabile, Plume. — Philip-
pine and Malayan Islands, India.

41*. L. sparsa, Moore. Nephrodium sparsum, Bon. As-
pidium purpurascens, Plume, according to Hoolc. Sp.
Fil. 3, p. 133, t. 262. — Throughout India, Java, and
Ceylon.

41**. L. latifrons, J. Sm. Nephr odium (Lastrea) latifrons,
Hoolc. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 138. — Sandwich Islands.

41***. L. membranifolia, Presl, Pterid. Nephrodium mem-
branifolium, Presl, Reliq. Haenlc. t. 6, /. 3 ; Hoolc. Sp.
Fil. 4, t. 26. — India, Ceylon.

79. NEPHROLEPIS.

3*. N. faleiformis, J. Sm. Fronds suberect, linear, pinnate,
l|-2 feet in length; pinnae numerous; the sterile
(lower ones) elliptical, obtuse, base truncate; the
superior ones fertile, lanceolate, falcate, acute, sub-
deflexed, 1£ inch long by f inch wide; base truncate,

288

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

subauriculate on the upper margin. Sort nniserial,
antimarginal. Indusium suborbicular. — Borneo.

Obs. — The affinity of this species is with 3ST. tuberosa ; but
seeing the two plants together, the difference is readily seen.

79a. ISOLOMA, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds linear,
1-2 feet long, pinnate ; pinnae oblong, elliptical or lanceolate,
falcate, coriaceous, the base truncate and subauriculated ;
petiole short, articulated with the racliis. Veins forked ; sterile

Genus 79a.— Portion of sterile frond and a fertile pinna, natural size
ditto enlarged. No. I.

venules free, the fertile transversely combined at the margin,
forming a continuous receptacle. Indusium linear, interiorly
attached, plane, equal with and conniving with the margin,
forming with it a vertical exteriorly open groove, containing
the sporangia.

1. I. lanuginosa, J. Sm. in Fond. Joum. Bot. 1, p. 420.

Lindsaea lanuginosa, TFaZZ. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.\,t. 69 B.
— Singapore, Penang, Kew Guinea, and Seychelles
Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 289

Obs. — This remarkable Fern has lately been added to the Kew
collection, having been sent from the Mauritius Botanic Garden
by Mr. John Horn * In general habit and appearance this Fern
is the prototype of Nephrolepis ; but is distinguished by the
receptacles being laterally confluent, forming a linear marginal
sorus, similar to that of Lindscea, from which it is, however,
quite distinct in habit.

81. PHEGOPTERIS.

2*. P. plumosa, J. Sm. Asplenium Filix-foemina, var. plu-
mosum, Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, oct. ed. p. 56 ;
Lowe's New Ferns, 1. 14. — Yorkshire (Mr. Stansfield).

Obs. — A few years ago three plants of this Fern were found
wild in Yorkshire. It was soon afterwards described and figured
in the works above quoted, under the name of Asplenium Filix-
foemina, var. plumosum ; but upon what grounds it was referred to
Asplenioe I cannot explain, as all the specimens I have examined
of it have small, punctiform, naked sori, perfectly characteristic
of the genus Phegopteris, with which it also agrees in habit.
This leaves me no other alternative than to consider it a species
of that genus, and consequently a new British species. In
doing so, the question arises as to whether it represents an
ancient species not before noticed, or the modem result arising
from the power of nature to generate new forms, in accordance
with the Darwinian Theory of creation of species. It is, how-
ever, to be observed that in abnormal or difformed states of
Asplenium and Scolopendrium, the sori are depauperated, in
some instances having no vestige of an indusium ; but such is
not the case with this plant. The fronds are perfect in every
respect, and if Herbarium specimens had been received from
some foreign country, no Pteridologist, bn seeing the naked sori,
would refer it to Asplenioe.

93. ADIANTUM.

35*. A. Gheisbeghtii, Backhouse, Cat. (?) A. tenerum, var.
(J. Sm.). — Tropical America.f

* Who left Kew in 1861 to be assistant to Mr. Duncan. See p. 15,
U

290

FERNS : BK1TISH AND FOREIGN.

39*. A. colpodes, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1865). — Ecuador.f
44. A. tinctum, Moore, Proc. ILort. Soc. 11, 369. — Tropical
America.t

96. PTEEIS.

20*. P. straminea, Metten. P. crispa, Hod. ( non Linn.). —
Chili,

97. LITOBROCHIA.

14*. L. areolata, Moore. Pteris areolata, Lowe's New Ferns
t. 57. — India, t

102. LOMARIA.

2*. L. rigida, J. Sm. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming
caespitose. Fronds (the sterile) lanceolate, 8-10 inches
long, 14—2 inches broad, erect, rigid, pinnatifid to the
rachis ; sinus acute ; segments alternate, contiguous,
lanceolate, falcate, finely serrulate ; the lower ones
decreasing in size and obtuse. Veins evident. Fedile
fronds as broad and rigid as the sterile ; segments be-
coming involute, densely sporangiferous. — Chatham
Islands.

12*. L. Germanii, HooJc. Sj?. FU. 3, t. 152. L. crenulata.
Hod. — Chili.

110. ASPLENIUM.

33*. A. Kaulfussii, Schlecht, Adurn. (29 in ols.). A. protensum,
Kaulf. ( non Schrad.). — Sandwich Islands.

19*. A. tenerum, Forst. ; Schk. Fil. t. 69. — Islands of the
Pacific, Ceylon.

92*. A. nigripes, Metten.; HooTc. Sp. Fil. 3,p. 222— Ceylon.

AX ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERXS. 291

127. DICKSONIA.

0. D. Youngii, Moore, Proc. Horl. Soc. — Hew South Wales. f

128. CIBOTIUM.

4. C. regale, Linden; Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864), 414. —
Mexico.f

CYATHEA.

5*. C. insignis, Eat. Cibotium princeps, Linden, Cat. —
Mexico.

Obs. — Plants of this Fern were sent to this country under the
name of Cibotium princeps ; but a plant in Messrs. Lee’s nursery
having produced fructification during 1865 proves it to be a
•Gyathea.

Abstract of the number of species, and date of intro-
duction ; —

Exotic species at Kew in 1822 40

Do. My Enumeration of Kew Ferns, 1846 ... 355

Do. My Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns, 1857 ... 559

This Enumeration, Exotic and British ... 1028
Do. Fern Allies, Exotic and

British 56

Total in 1865 1084

In closing this enumeration, I deem it necessary
to state that a few species recently introduced to
the Kew collection have failed to become esta-
blished, after their names were entered on the list ;
the principal of which are : Dicranoglossum furcatum,
Aconiopteris nervosa, Pleocnemia Leuziana, Adian-
ium lunulatum, Lomaria Fraseri, Asplenium lanceum,
A. radiatum, Antigramma repanda, Polystichum
nnomalum, Loxsoma Cunninghamii, Kaulfussia escu-
Icefolia. Also the following, entered from my cata-

u 2

292

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

logue of 185 7, were not in the Kew collection in 1864,
viz., Gymnogramma rutcefolia, Hemionites pedata,
Notholcena lanuginosa, Myriopteris vestita, Onychium
auratum, Blechnum triangulare, Nephrolepis undulata,
Lindscea guianensis, Schizoloma ensifolia, Thyrsopteris
elegans, BotrycMum virginicum.

Several special causes which lead to the loss of
species have already been noticed. I did not intend
to advert to them again ; but the recent death of
Sir W. J. Hooker * necessitates me to repeat what I
have stated at pages 42 and 43, where, in speaking
of my having resigned the charge of the Kew collec-
tion, I said that “ happily it remains under the
direction of Sir W. J. Hooker.” These words will
now apply to Dr. Hooker, the present Director, whose
name is sufficient in itself to sustain the scientific
reputation of Kew. Let us hope that the general
collection of living plants of the Botanic Garden, now
famous for more than a century, f will not suffer by
the modern taste for showy flowers, and what is
now fashionably called “ foliage plants.”

* Died August 12th, 1865.

f Number of species at Kew in 1768 . . . . 3,400

Ditto 1786 .. .. 5,500

Ditto 1813 .. .. 9,800

Since the latter date no general catalogue has been pub-

lished, and no public record kept of the plants introduced
or lost.

293

APPENDIX.

Tribe I— OLEANDREiE (p. 73).

1. OLEANDEA (p. 74).

5. O. musEe folia, Kze. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 46. — Ceylon and
Malay Islands. K .*

Tribe II.— DAV ALLIED (p. 74).

2. HUMATA (p. 75).

la. H. angusta,"/. Sm. Davallia angustata, Wall. ; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 1, p. 152 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 231. —
Malay and Polynesian Islands. K.

16. H. pectinata, J. Sm. Davallia pectinata, Sm.; Hook. Sp.

Fil. 1, p. 153 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 139. — Poly-
nesian Islands.

2a. H. alpina, J. Sm. Davallia alpina, HI. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.
1, p. 154. — Java. K.

26. H. vestita, J. Sm. Davallia vestita, Bl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil •
1, t. 41, C. — Java. K.

* All names having the letter K affixed are derived from Mr. Baker’s list of the
new introductions to the Kew collection.

294

FEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. H. Tyermanii, Moore ; Gard. Chron. 1871, p. 870, t. 178-
Davallia Tyermanii, Balter, in Appendix to Hook-
Syn. Fil. p. 467. — India (non Trop. West Africa as
stated in Gard. Chron.).

3. DAVALLIA (p. 75).

10a. D. Mauritiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 55, B. — Mauri-
tius. K.

12a. D. pallida, Mett. ; Bak. in Hook. Syn. Fil, p. 469. D.

Mooreana, Masters; Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 964. —
Island of Aneitum. K.

4. LEUCOSTEGIA (p. 77).

6a. L. membranulosa, J. Sm. Davallia membranulosa„
Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 53, A. — India.

Obs. — This genus was founded by Presl in 1836, on the
Davallia immersa of Wallich, to which additional species have
been added, all having articulate vernation, and closely related
to true Davallia. Presl also founded another genus on the
Aspidium nodosum of Blume, which he termed Acrophonis ;
its vernation is fasciculate and adherent, producing large de-
compound fronds 2-4 feet in height, having the sori seated on
the apex of the lacenese, with a lateral attached indusium,
not technically differing in form from many species of Lastrea.
While admitting it as a distinct genus, I consider it to be
naturally allied to Lastrea ; nevertheless, in Moore’s “ Index
Pilicum ” the whole of the species of Leucostegia are placed
under Acrophorus ; thus forming an unnatural association, as if
Davallia canariense was placed in affinity with Lastrea dilatata
and its allies. Acropliorus nodosa is a native of India, and has
not yet been introduced in a living state.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 295

Tribe III.— POLYPODIES (p. 78).

5. POLYPODIUM (p. 78).

4a. P. pellucidum, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 206; Hook-
Second Century of Ferns, t. 44, var. bipinnatifida*
P. myriocarpum, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 84. — Sandwich
Islands.

Obs. — This species produces variously lobed and laciniated
fronds, analogous to Polypodium vulgare as found in this coun-
try, of which, in the Catalogue of the Todmorden Nursery, no
less than twenty varieties are recorded.

7. GONIOPHLEBIUM (p. 80).

a *. Fronds simple.

la. G. glaucophyllum, Kze. Polypodium glaucophyllum>
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 18. — Trop. America.

15. G. plesiosorum, Kze. — Trop. America.

2a. G. Scouleri, .7. Sm. Polypodium Scouleri, Hook, et Grev.
t. 56. — N. W. America.

2k. G. californieum, Kaulf. Polypodinm, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,
p. 18, not Mett. — California. K.

2c. G. surrucuehense, Hook. Polypodium, Sp. Fil. 5, p. 30,
Ic. PI. t. 69. — West Indies to Ecuador. K.

7a. G. adnatum, Kze. Polypodium, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 27.
— Guatemala to Guiana and Galapagos. K.

296

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. PHLEBODIUM (p. 83).

la. P. nigripes, J. Sm. Polypodium nigripes, Fool;. Sp.
Fil. 5, p. 17. — Venezuela.

21. PHYMATODES (p. 93).

la. P. sinuosum, J. Sm. Polypodium, Wall. — India, Malay,
and Philippines.

Obs. — The genus Lecanopteris of Blume is founded on an
abnormal state of tliis. See “ Historia Filicum,” p. 105.

23. SELLIGUEA (p. 96).

ol. S. Hamiltoniana, Pr. Ceteracb pedunculata, Fool i. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 5. — E. Indies.

24. COLYSIS (p. 97).

3. C. dilatata, J. Sm. Polypodium dilatatum, Wall. ; Fool;.
Sp. Fil. 5, p. 8.— N. India. K.

2G. NIPHOBOLUS (p. 99).

4a. IT. Heteraetes, J. Sm. Polypodium Heteractes, Felt.;
Kuhn. Linncea, 36, p. 140. — Upper India.

5a. IT. africanum, Kunze. — E. Africa.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 297

28a. AGLAOMOKPHIA* Schott.

Rhizome short, thick. Fronds sessile, of two forms, the
sterile rigid, querciform; fertile fronds 2-4 feet in length, pin-
natifid and sterile below, pinnate and fertile above. Veins of
sterile segments costaeform ; venules and veinlets compound,
anastomosing, forming nearly equal quadrangular areoles,
containing free veinlets. Fertile pinnae contracted, linear,
sinuosely moniliform, 8-10 inches long. Receptacles com-
pital, solitary on each lobule, forming a row of punctiform sori
on each side of the midrib.

Illust. Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 19 ; Hook. et Bauer,
Gen. Fil. t. 91; Moore's Index Fil. pi. 63 B ; Presl,
Tent. Pterid. t. 8, /. 21, 22 (Psygmium, Presl).

1. A. Meyenianum, Schott, Gen. Fil. Polypodium Meyenia-
num, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 94. — Philippine Islands. K.

Obs. — This, as its name imports, is a splendid fern, having
the habit of Drynaria, coronans, but differing in the upper
pinnae being contracted and fertile.

Aglac, splendid, morpha, form ; splendid form.

293

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tribe IV.-ACROSTICHE.® (p. 104).

29. ELAPHOGLOSSTJM (p. 104).

2a. E. palustre, J. Sm. Acrostichum palnstre, Hook. Sp.
Fil. 5, p. 214. — Guinea Coast. K.

16a. E. perelegans, J. Sm. Acrostichum perelegans, Fcer
Acrost. t. 23 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 232. — Dominica. K.

165. E. melanopus, Kze. Hett. Fil. H. Lips. p. 19, t. 1 ,
Hook ■ Syn. Fil.p. 403. — Venezuela.

16c. E. villosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum villosum, Sw. Hook .
ct Grev. t. 95. — Trop. America.

20. E. Prestoni, J. Sm. Acrostichum Prestoni, Bale. Sym.
Fil. App. — Rio Janeiro.

46. PLATYCERIUM (p. 120).

Obs. — Consequent on this genus having amorphous sori, it
has always been placed in the tribe AcrosticliecE ; it, however,
in habit differs from any other genus in that tribe. Its verna-
tion is peculiar ; and although the axis of development is not
very evident, I have, nevertheless, satisfied myself that it is
articulate, which, with the coriaceous texture and stellated
pubescence of the fronds, being analogous to Kipliololus ; I
therefore consider the division Eremobpa the natural place-
for the tribe Flalycereos.

6. P. Willinckii, Hoove; Gard. Citron. (Jan. 1876). — Java.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 290

Tribe V.— GRAMMITIDE^l (p. 122).

50. GYMNOGRAMMA (p. 125).

3d. G. triangularis, Kaulf. ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 153 ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 146 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 153. —
California.

15a. G. decomp osita, Bale. ; Gard. Chron. (1872) p. 1587. —
Andes of South America. K.

54. HEMIONITIS (p. 128).

4. H. Muelleri, Sect. Sericonitis, J. Sm, Hist. Fil. p. 151.

Gymnogramma Muelleri, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 295.
— Queensland. K.

55. ANTROPHYTJM (p. 129).

5. A. latifolium, Bl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5 , p. 172. — Java. K.

55a. T.ENITIS, Willd.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum short, sub-csespitose, naked.
Fronds pinnate, long-stipate, smooth, 1—2 feet in length ;
pinnae 4—6 pair, linear * lanceolate or elliptical - acuminate
entire, 6—10 inches long, by 1-2 inches broad. Veins uni-
form, reticulated, areoles oblong-hexagonal. Receptacles com-

300

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pital, obliquely-oblong and coalescent, forming a broad, trans*
verse, linear, medial, compound sorus.

Illust. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 63; Hook, et
Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 77 B ; Schott., Gen. Fil. t. 20 ;
Moore, Ind. Fil.pl. 17 A.

1. T. blechnoid.es, Willd. ; Sw. Synop. Fil. Tsenitis
pteroides, Schk. Fil. t. 6 B. — India, Malay, and
Philippine Islands. K.

Obs. — This genus probably consists of only a single species,
and in affinity it may be ranked with Syngramma (not yet in
oultivation), and is readily distinguished by its continual
linear sorus, which is formed by the confluence of numerous
short, oblique, sporangiferous receptacles. Specimens from
the Fiji Islands exhibit fructiform or ovate scattered sori,
which I consider to be only abnormal conditions, consequent
on local influences affecting development. The name is
derived from Taenia, a tape or riband, in allusion to the
narrow pinnae.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 301

56. VITTARIA (p. 130).

2. V. remota, Fee; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. p 185. — TV. Indies. K.

3. V. stepitata, Kze. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 179. — Columbia to-

Peru. K.

Tribe Ya. — CTENOPTERIDE23.

J. Sm. Hist. Fil. p. 183.

Fronds linear, repand, sinnose, moniliform or pinnatifid, rarely
pinnate, or more compound, from an inch to a foot or more in
length. Veins free ; sori punctiform, naked.

Obs. — This tribe embraces about 50 or 60 small, neat-growing-
ferns, none of which have as yet been introduced except the
following.

60a. CTENOPTERIS, FI.

(Polypodium sp., And. Hook. Sp. Fil.)

Vernation fasciculate or sarmentose. Fronds linear lanceo-
late, sinnose, or more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnate, rigid,
erect.- or thin and pendulous ; segments entire, dentate or laci-
niated. Veins once forked, rising from the midrib of each
segment or lacinse, generally obscure. Sori punctiform, ter-

302

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

minal, solitary, or few in eacli lacinae, or uniserial, often becom-
ing confluent, naked, or beset with rigid hairs.

Genn9 60a. — Portion of a frond
of C. tricho8orus.

Genus 60a.— Portion of a frond
of C. rigescent.

C. trichomanoides, Sic. Polypodium trichomanoides, Bedd.

Ferns Brit. Ind. pi. 2. — West Indies and Trop.
America, Himalaya, Malay islands, and other
localities.

Tribe VI— PHE&OPTERIDEiE (p. 136).
63. MENISCIUM (p. 136).

la. M. Thwaitesii, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 391. — Ceylon. K.

63a. DICTYOCLINE, Hoore.

Corn decumbent, sub-sarmentose. Fronds long, stipate,
pinnatifid or pinnate, 1|-2| feet high, pinnae 3-4 pairs,
short petiolate, broad lanceolate, accuminate, falcate, 5-6
inches long, 1 — 1 ^ inch broad. Primary veins costaeform,
combined by transverse, arcuate or zigzag, anastomosing
venules, the lower forming one oblong costal areole between

AN ENUMEKATION OP CULTIVATED FEENS.

303

each, pair of primary veins, the exterior ones unequally
hexagonal. Venules sporangiferous, forming reticulated
sori.

Genus 63a.— Portion of fertile frond slightly magnified.

Illust. Moore, Ind. Fil. pi. 46 A; JlooTc. Fil.
Exot. t. 93.

1. D. Wilfordii, J. Sm. Hemionitis Wilfordii, Hook. Fil
Exot. t. 93. Sub Hemionitis Griffithii, Kook. Syr.
Fil. p. 399. — Formosa. K.

Obs. — The present genus was founded by Mr. Moore upon
a pinnate fronded fern from Assam, and placed by him, on
account of its sori being reticulated, next to Hemionitis, under
which genus it is also placed in the “ Species Filicum;” but it
possesses no other point of affinity with Hemionitis, its whole
habit and nature of venation agreeing with the meniscioid
group of Pliegopteridece, differing only in the venation and sori
being more decidedly reticulated. The name is derived from
dictyon, a net, cline, a bed, in allusion to the reticulated fructi-
fication.

64. GONIOPTERIS (p. 137).

14. G. stegnogrammoides, J. Sm. Polypodium stegno-
grammoides, Bak. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 317. Polypo-
dium sandwicense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 5 (non Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, p. 267). — Sandwich Islands. K.

304

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

65. NEPHRODIUM (p. 138).

la. N. sophoroides, Desv. ; Hoolc. Syn. Fil. p. 289. — Japan
to Hong-Kong and Formosa. K.

2a. N. extension, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 240. — Ceylon, India,
and Malayan Islands. K.

11a. N. amboinense, Pr. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 75. — E. Indies
and Malay.

68. CYRTOMIUM (p. 141).

4. C. abbreviation, J. Sm. Aspidium abbreviatum, Schrad.f
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 234. — West Indies. K.

70. ASPIDIUM (p. 143).

4a. A. elatum, J. Sm. ( non Bonj). Nephrodium elatum,
Bak. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 298. — Mount Chim-
borazo. K.

5a. A. membranaceum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,p. 105. — India,
China, and Philippine Islands. K.

74. POLYSTICHUM (p. 148).

2a. P. munitum, J. Sm. Aspidium munitum, Kaulf.; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, t. 219. — California. K.

3a. P. Richardii, J. Sm. Aspidium Richardii, Hook. Sp.
Fil. 4, t. 222. — New Zealand. K.

15a. P. laserpitiifolium, Melt. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 254. —
Japan.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 305

75. LASTREA (p. 152).

2a. L. Beddomei, J. Sm. Nephrodium Beddomei, Bak. ;

Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 267. Lastrea gracilescens,
Beddome, Fil. t. 110 ( non Hook. Sp. Fil.). —
Ceylon. K.

6a. L. lanciloba, J. Sm. Nephrodium lancilobum, Bak.;
Hook. Syn. Fil. edit. 2, p. 499. — North Australia.

16a. L. Bergeanum, J. Sm. Nephrodium Bergeanum, Bak. ;
Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 269. — South Africa. K.

26a. L. crinitum, J. Sm. Nephrodium crinitum, Desv. ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. Ill (in part). — Mauritius and
Bourbon. K.

'28a. L. prolixa, J. Sm. Aspidium prolixum, Willd. Nephro-
dium prolixum, Bak.; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 268. —
Ceylon and India. K.

•30. L. podophylla, Hong-kong, exclude Aspidium Sie-
boldi, Sfc.

•30a. L. Sieboldi, J. Sm. Aspidium Sieboldi, Van Houtte,
Cat. Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 20,/. 1-4. — Japan.

Obs. — I originally considered L. Sieboldi of Japan to be
the same as L. podophylla, Hook., of Hong-kong ; but plants of
the latter having been recently received at Hew from Hong-
kong, show that the two are distinct species.

306. L. cuspidata, J. Sm. Nephrodium cuspidatum, Bak.;

Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 260. Polypodium elongatum,
Wall. — Ceylon and India. K.

34a. L. sageniodes, J. Sm. Aspidium sageniodes, Mett.

Nephrodium sageniodes, Bak.; Hook. Syn. Fil. p.
271. Nephrodium melanopus, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p.
110. — Malayan Peninsula and Islands. K.

38a. L. cognata, J. Sm. Nephrodium cognatum, Hook. Sp.
FiL 4, t 256. — St. Helena. K.

X

306

TEENS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

42a. L. obtusiloba, J. Sm. Nephrodium obtusilobum, Bale. -
Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 284. — Ceylon. K.

425. L. Floridanum, J. Sm. Nephrodium Floridanum,
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 99. — Florida. K.

42c. L. catopteron, J. 8m. Nephrodium catopteron, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, p. 137. — Venezuela. K.

42cZ. L. Blumei, J. Sm. Aspidium intermedium, Bl. (non
Willd.). Nephrodium intermedium. Bale. ; Hook.
Syn. Fil. p. 283. — Ceylon. K.

42e. L. birsuta, J. Sm. Nephrodium hirsutum, Bon. Aspi-
dium eriocarpum, Wall. Nephrodium eriocarpum.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 141. Hypodematium Ruppel-
lianum, Kze. Fil. t. 21. H. onustum, Kze. Analed. t.
28. — Cape Verdes, India, Malayan Peninsula, and
China. K.

45a. L. flaccidum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 263. — Ceylon, India,
and Java K.

46a. L. setosa, Bl. Aspidium, Bl. ; Nephrodium setosum,
Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 274. — Java. K.

47a. L. inequale, J. Sm. Vephrodium inequale, Hook .
Sp. Fil. 4, p. 125. — South Africa. K.

48a. L. fragrans, J. Sm. Nephrodium fragrans, Hook. Sp -
Fil. 4, p. 122 ; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 70. — General
in the cold regions of the North Temperate zone.

53a. L. undulatum, J. Sm. Nephrodium undulatum, Bak. ;
Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 276. — Ceylon. K.

535. L. Thwaitesii, J. Sm. Nephrodium Thwaitesii, Bak.;

Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 277. Aspidium concinnum,
Thwaites (non Willd.). — Ceylon. K.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS.

307

77. WOODSIA (p. 161).

2a. W. glabella, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 61 ; and in FI.

Boreal. Americ. 2, t. 237. — Pyrenees and Arctic
Regions.

4 a. W. oregana, Eat. ; Hoolc. Syn. Fil. p. 49. — Rocky Moun-
tains. K.

77a. DIACALPE, Blime.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipate, 2—3 feet high,
deltoid, decompound-multifid ; primary pinnae alternate; ulti-
mate pinnules small (j-inch in length), linear, obtuse, oblique-
cnneate at the base. Veins simple or forked, clavate. Recep-
tacles medial, small, punctiform. Indusium superficial, at first
globose, entire, ultimately opening irregularly (calyciform),
including the sporangia.

Genus 77a.— Portion of frond slightly magnified.

Illust. Hook, et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 99 ; Moore, Ind
Fil.pl. 81.

1. D. aspidioid.es, Bl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 59. — Java,
Assam, and Moulmein. K.

Obs. — This genus consists of one species only, which in
habit is similar to the multifid fronded species of Lastrea, but
differs in the sporangia being enclosed in a globose indusium,

x 2

308

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

which ultimately opens, becoming calyciform, similar to the
Physematium section of Woodsia.

The name Diacalpe is derived from dia and kalpe, the Greek
for a vessel, in allusion to the cnp form of the indusium.

82. STBUTHIOPTERIS (p. 166).

In, S. orientalis, Hook. Second Century of Ferns, t. 4.

Onoclea orientalis, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 161. —
Sikhim, Assam, and Japan.

84. PHEGOPTERIS (p. 168).

5a. P. molle, J. Sm. Polypodium molle, Eoxb. ; Hook. Syn.

Fil. p. 309. Polypodium Dianas, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4,
p. 234. — St. Helena. K.

12a. P. platyphylla, J. Sm. Polypodinm platyphyllum.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 248.— Cuba. K.

85. HYPOLEPIS (p. 171).

5. H. miUefolia, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 95 B. — New Zealand.

6. H. Bergiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 67. — South Africa. K.

Tribe YIL— PTERIDE^l (p. 172).

86. NOTHOL.ffiNA (p. 172).

13. N. canescens, Kze.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2 ,p. 110. — Hexico.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 309

87. MYRIOPTERIS (p. 173).

la. M. Fendleri, Hook. Cheilanthea Fendleri, Hook. Sp.
Fil. 2, t. 107, B. — New Mexico, California. K.

16. M. gracillima, Eat. Cheilanthes gracillima, Eat.; Hook.

Syn. Fil. p. 139. — Brit. Columbia to Guatemala. K.

88. CHEILANTHES (p. 174).
la. C. Mathewsii, Kze. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 91. — Peru. K
5a. C. pulchella, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 94. — Madeira.

90. CINCINALIS (p. 178).

4a. C. Fendleri, Kze. Nothochlaena Fendleri, Hook. Syn.
Fil. p. 374. — New Mexico. K.

91. PELLJEA (p. 179).

la. P. Stilleri, Bak. ; Hook. Syn. p. 453. Pellea gracilis.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 133 B. Pteris gracilis, Michx.
Pteris Stilleri, Gmelin. — North America and North
Asia. K.

10a. P. ornithopus, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 1. 116 A. — California. K.

106. P. mucronata, Eat. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 148. P. 'Wright-
iana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 115 B. P. longimucronata,
Hook. Sp.Fil. 2, t,115A. — California, New Mexico. K.

16. P. densa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 125 B. — North America.

310

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

92. PLATYLOMA (p. 181).

2a. P. Bridgesii, J. Sm. Pellea Bridgesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t.
142 B. — California. K.

4. P. bellum, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1873), p. 213.— Cali-

fornia.

5. P. braehypetrum, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1873), p. 141.—

California.

6. P. andromedsefolia, Kaulf. Pellma andromedmfolia, Fee;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 149. — California.

93. ADIANTUM (p. 182).

Irf. A. asarifolium, Willd. ; Hook. Fil. Exot.t. 11; Hook. Sp.
Fil. 2, t. 71 B. — Mauritius.

9a. A. Seemanii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 81 A. — Central Ame-
rica.

13a. A. Cayenen.se, Willd. ; Hook. Sp.Fil. 2, t. 61. — Guiana.

13 h. A. Lindenii, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1866), p. 778; Ap-
pendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 473. — Brazil.

13c. A. velutinum, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1866), p. 777;
Appendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 473. — South America.

15a. A. peruvianum, Klot. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 81 C ; Gard.
Chron. (1870), p. 457, with a fig. — Peru.

17a. A. Sanetse-Catherinse, Hort. — Brazil.

Obs. — Resembles A. pentadactylon, but differs in having a
strong feline scent, similar to that of Pteris felosma.

23 a. A. speciosum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 85 C. — Peru.

28a. A. hirtuna, Klot. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 82 A. — Brazil.

286. A. cubense, iZoo7c. Sp.Fil.2, E. 73 A. — Jamaica. Cuba. K.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 311

35a. A. Moorei, Bale.; Appendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 474,
A. amabile, Hoore ; Gard. Chron. (1868), p. 1090. —
Peru.

355. A. decorum, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1869), p. 582. A.

Wagnerii, Matt.; Appendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 473.
— Peru.

35c. A. rubellum. Moore ; Gard. Cliron. (1868), p. 865 ; Ap-
pendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 474. — Bolivia. K.

35c?. A. Veitchianum, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1868), p. 1090 ;
Appendix, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 473. — Peru.

35e. A. venustum, Don ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 96 B. — Hima-
layas. K.

35/. A. Henslovianum, Hook. fil. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 43 ;

Moore, in Flo. et Pomo. (1873), p. 277, with fig. —

Peru.

35 g. A. Farleyense, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1866), p. 6. —
Barbadoes.

Obs. — Tbis bas tbe general babit of A. tenerum, but is a
much larger-growing plant, and, as it does not produce fructi-
fication, it is supposed to be a hybrid originated in a garden in
tbe island of Barbadoes.

355. A. princeps, Moore; Gard. Chron. (Jan. 22, 1876). —
New Grenada.

39a. A. excisum, Kze. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 41. — Chili.

42a. A. glaueophyllum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 40. — Mexico.

Hybrid. A. graeillimum, Moore ; Gard. Chron (1874),

p. 14.

96. FTERIS (p. 188).

2a. P. Hookeriana, Ag. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 165. — Adam's
Peak, Ceylon. K.

312

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

25a. P. pellucens, Ag.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 201. — Hima-
layas. K.

97. LITOBROCHIA (p. 192).

la. L. Currori, J. Sm. Pteris Carrori, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.
190. — Fernando Po. K.

11a. L. gigantea, Willd.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 217. — West
Indies and Tropical America. K.

Tribe VIII, — BLECHNEiE (p. 196).

100. BLECHNUM (p. 196).

16a. B. nitidum, Fr. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 55. — Tropical
America and Asia. K.

101. DOODIA (p. 199).

7. D. duriuscula, Moore ; Gard. Cliron. (1868), p. 114.

102. LOMARIA (p. 199).

11. L. gibba, add. var. Belli. — Chatham Islands.

24a. L. ciliata, Moore; Gard. Chron. (1866), p. 290; Hook.
Syn. Fil. p. 175. — New Caledonia.

26a. L. cyeadoides, Pappe and Bawson, Syn. Fil. Af. Aust.
p. 28. — Natal.

Obs. — This plant of Natal is represented by allied forms
found in the West Indies, Brazil, southward to the Falkland
Islands and Straits of Magellan ; all of which in the “ Species

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 313'

Filicum ” are united under L. Boryana (as quoted at p. 202),
but from an examination of them, I am led to believe that the
plants from the different localities represent different species.

102a. SADLERIA* Eaulf.

HooJc. Sp. Fil.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, 2 to 3 feet high,
stout. Fronds 3 to 4 feet long, rigid, bipinnatifid ; pinnae
linear lanceolate, 10 to 12 inches long, contiguous, sessile, arti-
culated with the rachis, deeply pinnatifid, coriaceous, opaque ;
lacinae to 1 inch long, linear falcate. Veins obscure, arcu-
ately anastomosing, forming costal areoles ; venules simple or
forked, their apices terminating in a thickened margin. Spo-
rangiferous receptacle transverse, linear, continuous on the
costal anastomose, elevated in the form of a ridge. Indusium
linear, laterally attached on the exterior side of the receptacle,
its inner margin free, becoming reflexed, coriaceous, persistent.

S. cyatheoides, Kaulf. ;M oore. Ind. Fil. p. 12 B. ; HooJc. Syn.
Fil. t. 4, fig. 35. — Sandwich Island.

107. LORINSERIA (p. 206).

la. L. Harlandii, J. 8m. Woodwardia Harlandii, HooJc. Sp .

Fil. 3, p. 70 ; HooJc. Fil. Exot. t. 7.— Hong-Kong. K.

In honour of Josephus Sadler, an Hungarian botanist.

314

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tribe IX. — ASPLENIE.ZE (p. 209).

110. ASPLENIUM (p. 209).

10a. A. normale, Don, Prod. FI. Nep. p. 7: Hook. Syn. Fil,
p. 197. A. multijugum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t.
188. — India and Ceylon.

12a. A. heterocarpum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 173. —
Java.

15a. A. Fernandezianum, Eze.; Hook. Syn. Fil., sub-
erectnm, p. 202. — Juan Fernandez.

17a. A. angustifolium, Hick. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 115. —
Xorth America.

176. A. Wightianum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 167. —
Madras, Ceylon. K.

18a. A. auriculatum, Siv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 171. — Tropical
America, West Indies. K.

22a. A. anisophyllum, Eze.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, 1. 136. — South
Africa. K.

25 a. A. resectum, Sm. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 1 30. —
Java. K.

27a. A. Schizoden, Hoove; Gard. Chron. (1871), p. 1004. —
New Zealand.

34a. A. Dregianum, Eze. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 214. —
Natal, K.

45a. A. Nova-Caledonise, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 213 ; Hook.
Ic. PI. t. 911. — New Caledonia.

8a. Gibberosa Group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect; caudex small, undefined. Fronds
bi-tripinnatifid, firm, smooth, from 6—18 inches high; ultimate
pinnae pinnatifidly laciniate. Segments linear, widening up-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 315

wards, generally with a projecting dent. Veins forked, spo-
rangiferous receptacle oblong, sub-terminal. Indusium short,
conniving with the margin, forming a round or oblong open
cyst, containing the sporangia. (Loxoscaphe, Moore.)

57 a. A coneinnum, J. 8m. Davallia concinnum, Schred. ;

Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 193. Loxocaphe concinna,
Moore. — Trop. America. K.

575. A. davallioides. Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 212 ; Second Cent.
Ferns, t. 40. — Japan, Formosa.

57c. A. ferulaceum, Moore ; Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, t.
38. — New Grenada.

59a. A. elegantulum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 190 ; Hook.

Second Century of Ferns, t. 38. — Japan.

68a. A Gardneri, Baker ; Gard. Chron. (1873), p. 712. —
Ceylon.

91a. A. Goringianum, Mett Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 224. —
Japan.

92a. A. Japonicum, Mett. Fil. Ind. 2, p. 240; Hook. Syn.
Fil. p. 227.— Japan and China.

■95a. A. aspidioides, Schlecld; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 228. —
Tropics and sub-tropical regions generally. K.

111. DIPLAZIUM (p. 221).

5a. D. fraxinifolium, Wall; Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, t.
19. — E. Indies.

55. D. Pullingeri, Bak. ; Gard. Chron. (Oct. 1875). — Hong-
Kong.

112. SCOLOPENDRIUM (p. 223).

2. S. Hemionites, Sw. Schk. Fil. t. 84 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 2
— South Europe.

316

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

114. ANTI GRAMMA (p. 226).

3. A. plant aginea, Presl. Scolopendrium Douglasii, Kook.

Sp. Fil. 4, p. 3. Asplenium Douglasii, Kook, et Grev.
t. 150,— Brazil. K.

115a. ALLANTODIA, R. Br. (in part).

Vernation fasciculate, corm decumbent. Fronds pinnate,
2-3 feet long, sub-erect; pinnae linear, membranaceous, 4-6
inches long, 1 inch broad. Feins forked near the midrib, anasto-
mosing towards the margin, forming two rows of liexagonoid
areolae bounded by a continuous marginal vein. Sporangi-
ferous receptacles unilateral on the lower part of the veins.
Indusium vaulted, cylindrical, forming linear sori.

Obs. — This genus is now restricted to a single species; it
originally contained a group of species, which now form the
section Athyrium of the genus Asplenium (p. 219) : they differ
in having large decompound fronds and free venation, agreeing
only with the present genus in having turgid indusia, which is
not uncommon to other species of Asplenium.

The name Allantodia is derived from the Greek allantos, a
sausage, the indusium before bursting resembling a miniature
sausage in shape and colour.

Genus 115a. — Portion of fertile frond, natural size, and ditto magnified.

1. A. Brunoniana, Wall. PI. Asiat. Bar. i. 41, t. 52 ; Kook.

et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 120 A; Kook. Sp. Fil. 3, p.
275. — Himalayas, Ceylon, Java, Tahiti. K.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED PERNS. 317

117. CETERACH (p. 228).

2. C. aureum, Desv. Asplenium Ceterach, var. anreum,

Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 273. — Canaries and Madeira.

3. C. cord&tum, Kaiclf; J. Sm.En. Fil. {1811). Gymnogramma

cordata, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. 156. — S. Africa. K.

Obs. — The general appearance of this species seems to indi-
cate its affinity to be with C. officinarum rather than with any
species of Gymnogramma, differing only from C. officinarum in
the veins being generally free, rarely anastomosing.

Tribe X. DICKS ONIEJE (p. 229).

Sect. Lindsceece.

118. LINDSiEA (p. 230).

8a. L. parvula, Fee; Hook. Sijn. Fil. p. 452. — Trinidad. K.

Obs. — With regard to L. reniformis, L. sagittata, L.
Leprieusii, L. falcata, L. trapeziformis, L. stricta, L. crenata,
and L. dubia, entered at p. 230, it is proper to state that they
were entered on the evidence of living specimens sent to me
from Mr. Backhouse, of York, who had recently imported
them from their native country, and I expected that they
would soon have been added to the Kew Collection ; but they
proved to be of difficult cultivation; and Mr. Backhouse writes
me that he has not succeeded in establishing any of them.
This is much to be regretted, as Lindscea is a very interesting
genus of Ferns.

120. ODONTOSORIA (p. 232).

al. O. clavata, J. Sm. Davallia clavata, Sw. {Plum. t. 101 B),
Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 187. — West India.

318

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

120a. ODONTOLOMA, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds slender, 1-2 feet
high, pinnate or bipinnate ; pinnae and pinnules oblong-dimi-
diate, the upper margin entire, dentate or incise-lohed. Costae
excentric. Veins unilateral; venules direct, free. Receptacles
terminal, punctiform. Indusium subreniform, plane, its sides
free, shorter than the subindusaeform margin.

Genu9 120a. — Pinnae, and portion magnified.

1. O. repens, Pr. Fpim. Bot.p. 97. Dicksonia repens, Bory,
Davallia repens, Besv. Davallia hemiptera, Bory ;
Hoolc. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 176. Davallia Boryana, Soolc.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 143 ; Soolc. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 175.
Odontoloma Boryanum, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841; Soolc.
et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 114 B. — Mauritius, India,
Malayan and Polynesian Islands. K.

Obs. — I may here remark that Mr. Moore has united the
species of Odontoloma and Leucostegia under Acropliorus oi
Presl. (See Leucostegia.)

From odontos, gen. of odous, a tooth, loma, a margin ; the
sori being seated on marginal lobes.

121. MICROLEPIA (p. 233).

al. M. pinnata, J. Sm. Davallia pinnata, Cav. ; Soolc. Sp,
Fil. 1, t. 60,/. 1 and 4. D. flagellifera, Wall. ; Soolc.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 183. — Malay und Philippine
Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 319

4a. M. Thwaitesii, J. Sm. Davallia Thwaitesii, Bah.;
Hook. Syn. Fit. p. 99. — Ceylon. K.

5a. M. hirta, J. Sm. Davallia hirta, Kaulf. ; Hook. Sp.
Fil. 1, p. 181. — Sandwich Islands. K.

125. SITOLOBIUM (p 236).

3a. S. Plumieri, J. Sm. Dicksonia Plumieri, Hook. 8jp. Fil.

1, p. 72. Davallia adiantoides, Sio. Plum. Fil. t. 7.
D. Lindenii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 25 B. — West Indian
Islands. K.

7a. S. Smithii, J. Sm. Dicksonia Smithii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
t. 28 D. Sitolobium flaccidum, J. Sm.; Hook. Journ.
Bot. 3, p. 418 ( non Dicksonia flaccida, Sw.).

127. DICKSONIA (p. 238).

6. D. fibrosa, Col. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 23 B. — New

Zealand.

7. D. ehrysotrieha, Moore; Hook. Syn . Fil. p. 50. Balan-

tium chrysotrichum, Hassh. Fil. Jav. p. 53 {Bind.
Cat. 1871). — Java.

8. D. Deplanchei, Vieill. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. App. p. 462. —

New Caledonia.

128. CIBOTIUM (p. 239).

3a. C. Wendlandi, Mett. Dicksonia Wendlandii, Bak. ; Appen-
dix Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 460. Cibotium spectabile,
Lind. Cat. 1871. — Guatemala.

-320

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tribe XL— CYATHEiE (p. 240).

131. CYATHEA (p. 241).

2a. C. Schansliin, Mart. 1. c. t. 54 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p.
20. — Tropical America. K.

25. C. Imrayana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 9 B. — West Indies. K.

5. C. prineeps, p. 291, add. C. insignis, Cat. Gard. Chron
1873, p. 776. — Cuba.

8a. C. Burkei, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 17 B. — Natal.

11a. C. spinulosa, Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 12 C. —
India.

16. C. funebris, Linden's Cat. 1871, with a fig. — New Cale-
donia. K.

133. ALSOPHILA (p. 243).

5a. A. sagittifolia, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 37 ; Gard. Cliron. p.
321,/. 112.— Trinidad. K.

Sa. A. atrovirens, Fresl; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 46. —
Brazil. K.

8b. A. infesta, Kr.e. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 42. — Pern. K.

8c. A. phalerata, Mart. Crypt. Bras. t. 42 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
p. 42. — South America. K.

13a. A. oblonga, Klot. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. App. — Brit. Guiana.

14a. A. tomentosa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, pp. 54, 55. — Java.

15a. A. Scottiana, Bak.; Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 699; Appen-
dix Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 460. — Sikhim, Himalaya. K.

155. A. Walkerse, J. Sm. Cyathea Walkerse, Hook. Sp.

Fil. 1, p. 24 ; Hook. Ic. FI. t. 647. Hemitelia
Walkerse, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 30. — Ceylon.

AX ENUMERATION OP CULTIVATED FERNS. 321

15c. A. ornata, Scott. Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 312 ; Bah. Syn.
Fit. App. — Sikkim.

18. A. Moorei, add. syn. A. Macarthurii, Hook. Syn. Fil. p.

40, and A. Leichardtiana, Muell ; Kook. Syn. Fil.
p. 450.

Obs. — This species was first discovered by Mr. Thomas
Moore, the Director of the Botanic Garden, Sydney.

18a. A. Cooperi, Hook.; Appendix Kook. Syn. Fil. p. 459. —
Queensland, New South Wales.

The following names appear in Nurserymen’s Catalogues,
hut their identification as distinct and new species has not yet
been botanically ascertained : — A. Shepherdii, Bull. Cat. 1871.
A. dentieulata, Lind. Cat. and Veitch Cat. A. Amazonnica,
Lind. Cat. 1871. A. Yan Geertii, Van Geert’s Cat.

Sub-Order II— GLEICHENIACEJE (p. 247).
136. GLEICHENIA (p. 247).

9a. G. glauca, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 3 B ( non Sw.). Polypodium
glaucum, Thunb. Fil. Jap. G. gigantea, Wall, in
Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 3 A. G. excelsa, J. Sm. Hook.
Sp. Fil. 1, t. 4 B. — General throughout the tropics
and sub-tropics of both the Old and New World.

Sub-Order III.— HYMENOPH YLLACE2E (p.249).

137. HYMENOPHYLLUM (p. 249).

al. H. cruentum, Cav. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 31 A. — S.
Chili. K.

Y

322

TEENS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

5a. H. Javanicum, Spreng. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 106.—
Java.

17a. H. Neesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 99. — Java.

176. H. sabinaefolium, Bak. ; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 71. —
Java.

18a. H. Magellanicum, Will cl. H. attenuatum, Hook. Sp
Fil. 1, t. 36 B.— Chili.

186. H. pectinatum, Cav.; Hook. Sp. 1, Fil. t. 34 D. —
Southern Chili.

20a. H. Plumieri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. PI. t. 123. — AV. Indies.

21a. H. elasticum, Borg; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 93. — Mau-
ritius.

25a. H. Catherinse, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 67. — Jamaica. K.

256. H. interruptum, Kze. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 33 B. —
W. Indies.

138. TEICHOMANES (p. 252).

6a. T. Petersii, A. Gray ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 986. — Alabama.

7a. T. proliferum, Bl.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 39 B. — Java.

11. T. pyxidiferum, Linn. adcl. var. T. olivaceum, Kze. ;
Hook. Syn. Fil.p. 81. — Venezuela.

14a. T. Colensoi, Hook. Second Century of Ferns, t. 79;
Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 85.— New Zealand.

15a. T. auriculatum, Bl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 133. —
Java. K.

18a. T. Ankersii, Parker ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1 , p. 121 ; Hook, et
Grev. t. 201. — Trinidad.

186. T. braehypus, Kze. ; Hook. Sp.Fil. 1, 121. — Trinidad.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

323

18c. T. humile, Forsi.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 123. — New Zea-
land.

20a. T. plumosum, Eze. ; in Linn. 9, p. 104. — Peru.

206. T. Sellowianum, Presl, Hymen, p. 37 ; Hook. Sp. Fil.,
noticed at p. 145. — Brazil.

32a. T. longisetum, Bory ; Hook. Sp.Fil. l.p. 137. — Java.

33a. T. maximum, Bl.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1 , p. 137. — Java.

Obs. — I deem it here proper to state that nearly the whole
of the above species of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes have
been introduced from their native countries by Mr. J. Back-
house, of York, who informs me that he has recently intro-
duced five or six other beautiful species from Borneo and New
Granada, not yet named.

Sub-Order IY. — OSMUNDACEiE (p. 257).
Tribe I. — SCHIZiE.® (p. 257).

141. LYGODIUM (p. 257).

2a. L. venustum, Sw.; Hook. Syn. Fil. p.438. — West Indies
Tropical America. K.

142. LYGODICTYON (p. 258).

3. L. lanceolatum, J. Sm. Lygodium lanceolatnm, Besv. ;
Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 439. — Madagascar. K.

143. ANEMIA (p. 259).

la. A. Gardneri, Hook. Ic. t. 190; Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 431. —
S. Brazil. K.

Y 2

324

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

16. A. rotundifolia, Schrad. ; Book. Syn. Fil p. 432. — S'.
Brazil. K.

146. SCHIZB3A (p. 261).
la. S. flabellum, Mart. Crypt. Bras. t. 55. — Brazil.

Tribe II. — OSMUNDEJE (p. 263).

148. OSMUNDA (p. 263).

2a. O. lance a, Thunb. ; Book. Syn. Fil. p. 427. — Japan. K.

149. TODEA (p. 264).

5. T. Wilkesiana, Brack, t. 43. — New Caledonia.

Order II. — MARATTIACEAi! (p. 265).

150. MARATTIA (p. 266).

8. M. attenuata. Lab. Nov. Caledonia, t. 13, 14. H. Cooperi,
Yeitch Cat. (1873-74). — New Caledonia.

153. DAN.® A (p. 269).

ol. D. simplicifolia, Budge, PI. t. 36 ; Book. Syn. Fil. p. 442.
— Guiana and North Brazil. K.

AN ENUMERATION OE CULTIVATED FERNS. 325

Order III. — OPHIOGLOSSACEiE (P. 270).

157. BOTBYCHIUM (p. 273).

5. B. daucifolium, Wall. ; Hoolc. et Grev. t. 161 ; lloolc. Syn.
Fil. p. 448. — India. K.

Order IV.— LYCOPODIACE.® (p. 274).
LYCOPODIUM (p. 275).

5a. L. rupestre, Linn. — N. America.

16. L. lucidulum, Mich.

17. L. squarrosum, Furst. Prod. No. 479. — Polynesia. K.

18. L. dichotomum, Jacg. Sort. Vind. 3, p. 26, t. 45. —

Tropical America. K.

19. L. earinatum, Lcsv. Fnc. Pot. Suppl. 3, p. 559. —

Malay. K.

20. L. gnidioides, Linn.; Hook, et Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 50.

— Cape and Mauritius. K.

21. L. linefolium, Linn. — Tropical America. K.

SELAGINELLA (p. 277).

S. albonitens, Spr. Mon. Lycopod. 2, p. 80. — West
Indies. K.

S. Braunii, Baker; Gard. Chron. (1867), p. 1120. — China. K.

S. bulbillifera, Baker ; Gard. Chron. (1867), p. 950. S. in-
crescentifolia, Stansfield’s Cat. — Venezuela. K.

S. conferta, McNab, Monog. Selag. Hort. Edinb., p. 8. —
Borneo. K.

326

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

S. hsematocles, Spring, Mon. Lj copod. 2, p. 156. — Trop.
America. S. Karsteniana, Veitch Cat. K.

S. Kraussiana, A. Braun; Ind. Sem. Berol. (1859), p. 22. —
South Africa. K.

S. pilifera, A. Br.; Ind. Sem. Berol. (1857), p. 20. — Texas,
Mexico. K.

S. rubella, Moore ; Gard. Chron. (1871), p. 902. S. divari-
cata (?), Backhouse Cat., is the same. K.

S. rubricaulis, A. Braun, in Fil. Afric.p. 211. K.

S. suberosa, Spring, Mon. 2, p. 252. — East Indies. K.

S. argentea, Veitch Cat., syn. S. serpens. No. 8.

S. flexuosa, Williams Cat., var. S. Martensii. No. 14.

S. formosa, Veitch Cat., var. S. Martensii. No. 14.

S. Poulterii, Veitch Cat., var. S. denticulata. No. 6.

S. triangularis, Williams Cat., syn. of S. Yogelii. No. 28.

S. Warssewiczii, Backhouse Cat., Syn. of S. erythropus.
No. 24.

327

ETYMOLOGY.

MANY cultivators and plant amateurs, not versed
in scientific literature, complain of the ( to
them) difficulty to pronounce names given to plants
by botanists. This complaint is, however, more
imaginary than real. They have only to recollect
that time and use has made them perfectly familiar
with such names as Pelargonium, Geranium, Hydran-
gea, Calceolaria, Rhododendron, Chrysanthemum, Mesem-
hryanthemum, Elscholtzia, Fuchsia, and many others
now fluently spoken as if they were original words of
them mother-tongue. Others say, these long-sounding
names would be more readily reconciled to them if
the meaning and bearing upon the plant were ex-
plained. To meet this desire, I have drawn up the
following table, showing the derivation of the genera
of Ferns characterized in the preceding pages.

As a general rule, it may be admitted that names
of plants are derived from three principal sources.
The first, and greater number, being generally a com-
pound of two Greek words. The second, names of
persons, with the addition of a Latin termination. The
third source is various ; such as the adoption of local
aboriginal names, names from Heathen Mythology, and

328

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

often words of doubtful origin, and unmeaning appli-
cation to the plants, have been given as generic

names by even the most learned botanists.

N.B. — For all names ending and beginning witli
Pteris, see Ptcris.

A coniopteris, akon, a point, and pteris ; tlie veins forming sharp
angles close to the margin of the frond in the typical
species.

Acrostichum, akros, highest, sticlios, order ; the fructification at
the top of the fronds.

Adiantura, adiantos, dry; when plunged in water comes out
dry.

Alsophila, alsos, grove, phileo, to love ; grows in groves and
shady places.

Amphidesmium, ampin, around, or on both sides, desmos, a
band ; relating to the position of the sori to one another.

Anapeltis, ano, without, peltis, shield ; the sori naked, in oppo-
sition to Pleopeltis.

Anchistea, agnati, kindred, intermediate between Woodwardia
and Doodia.

Anemia, aneimon, naked ; naked spikes of fructification.

Anemidictyon, veins reticulated ; not free as in Anemia.

Anetium, probably from the Greek anaitios, guiltless. This is
perhaps meant to indicate that A. citrifolium had been put
wrongfully to Acrostichum.

Angiopteris, angio, open, pteris ; the open sporangia.

Antigramma, anti, opposite, gramma, a line ; the linear sori
being in pairs opposite to each other.

Antrophyum, antrum, a den or hollow; the receptacles of
sporangia being in a grove or channel.

Arthropteris, artliron, joint, pteris ; the frond and pinnae being
articulate.

Aspidium, aspidos ; the indusium being like a buckler or
shield.

Asplenium, a, privative, splen, the spleen ; medical qualities.

Balantium, balantion, a purse or bag; the form of the indu-
sium.

Blechnum, one of the Greek names for a fern.

Botrychium, botrys, bunch or raceme ; the fructification like a
bunch of grapes.

ETYMOLOGY.

329

Brainea, in honour of C. Braine, Esq., wlio introduced the first
plant.

Callipteris, Tcallos, beautiful, and pteris, beautiful fern.

Campy loneurum, kamptos, arched, neuron, a nerve ; the veins
forming arches.

Ceratopteris, Jceras, Tceratos, a horn, pteris ; homed fern.

Ceteracb, a name given by Persian physicians.

Cheilanthes, cheilos, lip or margin, antlios, fiower ; the fructifi-
cation on the margin.

Cibotium, kibotos, a casket or coffer; the form of the
indusium.

Cincinalis, meaning unknown.

Colysis, holy sis, separation, a species separated from other genera.

Coniogramma, konis, dust, gramma, aline; imperfect sporangia,
but not applicable in perfect specimens.

Cryptogramma, knjptos, hidden, gramma, a line or writing ; the
lines of fructification being hidden.

Cyathea, kyathos, a cup ; the form of indusium.

Cyclodium, kyklos, circle ; the form of indusium.

Cyclopeltis, kyklos, circular, peltis, shield ; the form of indu-
sium.

Cystopteris, kystos, a bladder ; the inflated indusium.

Danaea, in honour of Pierre Martin Dana, a Piedmont
botanist.

Davallia, in honour of Edmond Davall, a Swiss botanist.

Dicksonia, in honour of James Dickson, a British crypto-
gamist.

Dicranoglossum, dikranos, forked, glossa, tongue ; the fronds
forked and pendulous.

Dictymia, diktyon, a net; the netted venation.

Dictyogramma, diktyon, gramma, a line; the sori reticulated.

Dictyopteris, diktyon, pteris ; the veins reticulated.

Dictyoxiphium, diktyon, xiphion, sword ; the veins reticulated,
and the form of the frond.

Didymochlaena, didymos, two or double, chlcena, a cloak ; the
indusium being double.

Diplazium, diplazo, to be double ; two indusia on the same
receptacle.

Doodia, in honour of Samuel Doody, a London apothecary, and
British cryptogamist.

330

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Doryopteris, dgry, spear or halbert, pteris ; form of the fronds.

Drymoglossum, drymos, wood, glossa, tongue; the fronds like
tongues on trees.

Drynaria, dryads; the sterile fronds being like oak leaves,
which tree was sacred to the Dryads.

Diyomenis, dryos, dryads (as above), rneniskos, a crescent ; shape
of the sori.

Egenolfia, in honour of Christian Egenolph, a German author
of a book on herbs.

Elaphoglossum, elaphos, a stag, glossa, tongue ; the fronds
being like the stag’s tongue.

Eupodium, eu, good, pons, podos, a foot; the sorus having a
foot-stalk.

Eadyenia, in honour of Dr. M'Fadyen, an eminent physician
in Jamaica.

Feea, in honour of Mons. A. L. A. Fee, Professor of Botany at
Strasburg, a celebrated writer on ferns.

Gleichenia, in honour of Baron P. F. von Gleichen, a German
botanist.

Goniophlebium, gonia, angle, phlehes, veins ; the veins meeting,
forming angles.

Goniopteris, gonia, angle, pteris ; the veins meeting, forming
angles.

Grammitis, gramma, a line ; the sori being linear.

Gymnogramma, gymnos, naked, gramma, a line ; the sori on the
veins in lines, and naked.

Gymnopteris, gymnos, naked, pteris ; the fructification naked.

Haplopteris, haploos, simple, pteris ; simple venation.

Helminthostachys, helminthos, worm, staclvys, a spike ; the
fructification in compact spikes, worm-like.

Hemidictyum, liemi, half, dilctyon, a net ; the outer portion only
of the veins being reticulated.

Hemionites, a name given by ancient botanists to a plant now
called Asplenium hemionites, but retained as a generic name
for a West Indian fern by Linnaeus.

Humata, humatus, humid ; in opposition to Adiantum.

Hymenodium, hymen, membrane ; the character of the frond.

Hymenolepis, hymen, membrane, lepis, a scale; membraneous
scales covering the fructification.

ETYMOLOGY.

331

Hymenophyllum, hymen, membrane, phyllon, leaf ; “ Filmy -
leaf Fern.”

Hymenostachys, hymen, membrane, stachys, a spike ; the fruc-
tification on spikes.

Hypoderris, hypo, under, derma, skin ; the indusium under the
sori, like a thin skin.

Hypolepis, hypo, under, lepis, a scale ; the sporangia under
the indusium.

Isoetes, isos, equal, etes, the year ; remaining the same through-
out the year.

Isoloma, isos, equal, loma, a border or margin ; the indusium
and margin equal.

Kaulfussia, in honour of D. G. F. Kaulfuss, of Halle, a cele-
brated writer on ferns.

Lastrea, in compliment to Chev. de Lastre, a French nobleman.

Lepicistis, lepis, scale, Icistis, a cyst or cell; the sori being im-
mersed in scales, which form a cyst.

Leptochilus, leptos, slender, clieilos, lip ; narrow indusium.

Leptogramma, leptos, slender, gramma, a line ; short linear sori.

Leucostegia, leukos, white, stegos, a cover ; the indusium being
pale-coloured, approaching white.

Lindsasa, in honour of Dr. Lindsay, of Jamaica, a writer on
the germination of mosses and ferns.

Lithobrochia, lithos, a stone, brocha, spots ; the areoles of the
reticulated veins like pavement.

Llavea, named by Lagasca after a Mexican traveller.

Lomaria, loma, a fringe or border ; relating to the indusium.

Lomariopsis, lomaria, opsis, like ; like Lomaria.

Lonchitis, logche, a lance ; form of pinnae.

Lopholepis, loplios, a crest, lepis, scale ; the sori being furnished
with a tuft of slender scales.

Lophosoria, loplios, crest or tuft ; sori furnished with hairs like
a tuft.

Lorinseria, in honour of Gustave Lorinser, a Bohemian
physician.

Loxsoma, loxos, oblique, soma, band ; the oblique broad ring of
the sporangium.

Lycopodium, lykos, wolf, pous ; foot-resemblance.

Lygodium, lygodes, flexible ; climbing plant.

332

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Marattia, in honour of J. F. Maratti, of Tuscany, who wrote
on ferns.

Marsilea, in honour of Count L. F. Marsigli, of Bologna.

Meniscium, menisJcos, crescent ; shape of the fructification.

Mesochlaena, mesos, middle, chloena, a cloak ; attachment of the
indusium.

Microlepia, mikros, small, lepis, scale ; the indusium small.

Microsorum, mikros, small ; small sori.

Microstaphyla, mikros, small, staphyle, a hunch; the fertile
frond being like a little bunch.

Mohria, in honour of D. D. Mohr, a German botanist.

Myriopteris, myrios, myriad, pteris ; the frond being divided
into a number of small parts.

Neottopteris, neottia, nest, piteris ; bird’s-nest fern.

JNephrodium, nephros, kidney ; form of the indusium.

Nephrolcpis, nepliros, kidney, lepis, scale; the indusium being
kidney-shaped and scale-like.

Neurocallis, neuron, a nerve, kallos, beautiful ; the venation.

INeurodium, neuron, nerve ; the venation.

INiphobolus, niphos, of snow, holos, a large pill ; the under side of
the frond densely covered with white scales, snow-like and
the round sori.

INiphopsis, niphos, of snow, opsis, like ; like niphobolus.

Notholaena, nothos, spurious, chloena, cloak ; the imperfect
indusium.

Ochropteris, ochros, pale ; pale fern.

Odontosoria, odontos, of a tooth, sori; the sori-like teeth.

Oleandra, resemblance to Nerium Oleander ; the Oleander.

Olfersia, in honour of Professor Olfers, a celebrated astro-
nomer.

Onoclea, onos, a vessel, kleio, to enclose ; the rolled-up
fertile segments of the frond.

Onychium, onychion, a little nail; resemblance to the fertile
segments of the fronds.

•Ophioglossom, ophios, of a serpent, glossa, tongue; the spikes
of fructification.

Osmunda, Osmunder, one of the names of Thor, a Celtic
divinity.

Paragramma, para, near to, gramma, a line; the sori in short
lines parallel with and close to the margin.

Pellaea, pellos, dark-coloured ; the dusky colour of the fronds.

Phegopteris, pliegos, beech ; beech fern, by some called sun fern.

ETYMOLOGY.

333

Phlebodium, phlebes, veins, o clous, a tooth; the joining of the
veins in the areoles being like teeth.

Phymatodes, phymata, tubercles ; the impressed sori having
the appearance of tubercles on the upper side of the
frond.

Pilularia, pilula, a pill ; the form of the spore-cases.

Platycerium, platys, broad, koras, horn ; the fronds divided in
broad segments like stags’ horns. (The stags’ -horn
fern.)

Platyloma, platys, broad, loma, border ; having broad sori close
to the margin.

Pleocnemia, pleos, full, knemia, rays ; full of rays ; the vena-
tion.

Pleopeltis, pleos full, peltis, shield ; the sori being furnished with
numerous round scales.

Pleuridium, pleura, side (ribs) ; the primary veins being costae-
form, like ribs.

Pcecilopteris, pcelcilos, spotted, pteris ; the appearance of the
venation.

Polybotrya, polys, many, botrys, bunch ; the fructification being
in bunch-lilce racemes.

Polypodium, polys, many, pous, foot ; polypus ; the rhizome,
when destitute of the fronds, having the appearance of
some kind of sea-polypus.

Polystichum, polys, many, sticlios, order ; not specially
applicable to the genus Polystichum, as now defined.

Psilotum, psilos, naked ; destitute of leaves.

Psomiocarpa, psomion, a small pellet, Icarpa, fruit ; the
sporangia being in small round patches, in spikes.

Pteris, pteryx, wing; the scientific name given to the plant
known by the names of Bralce, Bracken, and Fern;
on account of the supposed likeness of the branching
of its fronds to wings. This, being the commonest
of all Perns, has become the type of the whole race;
hence Pteris means Fern, all generic names of ferns
ending in pteris ; such as Ceratopteris means horned
Fern, Didyopteris netted Fern ; also, if at the beginning
of a word, as Pteridography, a book or writing on Perns ;
Pteridologist, a studier and writer on Ferns ; Pteridophilist,
a lover of Perns.

Phipidopteris, rhipis, fan ; shape of the fronds like a fan.

334

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Saccoloma, salclcos, a bag or sack, loma, margin ; the union of
the indusium with the margin, forming a hood or cyst.

Salpichlaena, salpi, pipe, clilcena, a cloak ; the indusium being
like a pipe.

Schellolepis, schello, skeleton, lepis, scale ; the character of the
scale surrounding the sori.

Schizoloma, scliizo, I cut, loma, a border or margin ; the sori in
the form of a slit on the margin of the frond.

Scolopendrium, slcolopendra, a centipede ; the appearance of
fructification on the under side of the frond.

Selaginella, the diminutive of selago (Injcopodimn Selago).

Selliguea, in memory of M. Selligue, a French optician.

Sitibolium,* sitos, food, bolos, a large pill; the appearance of
fructification.

Soromanes, soros, heap, mania, fancy ; the sporangia in fanciful
and irregular heaps.

Stenochlsena, stenos, narrow, clilcena, cloak ; narrow indusium.

Stenosemia, stenos, narrow, sema, standard ; the fertile frond
with its narrow segments being like a flag.

Struthiopteris, strutliios, ostrich ; the fronds being like the
feathers of an ostrich.

Thyrsopteris, thyrsos, bunch or raceme, pteris ; the fructification
in racemose bunches.

Todea, in honour of Henry Julius Tode, of Mecklenburg, an
experienced mycologist.

Trichocarpa, tlirix, trichos, a hair, learpa, fruit ; the fructification
borne on a hair-like stalk.

Trichomanes, tlirix, hair, manos, soft ; the delicate nature of the
fronds.

Trichopteris, tlirix, hair, pteris ; the sori being furnished with
hairs.

Vittaria, vitta, riband ; shape of narrow fronds.

Woodsia, in honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British
botanist (died 1864).

Woodwardia, in honour of Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, an
English botanist.

Xiphopteris, xiphos, sword , pteris ; form of the frond.

• For Sitilobium, at page 236 and elsewhere in this work, read Sitibolium.

335

CULTIVATION.

1. Preliminary Remarks.

HAVING- given an account of how the Exotic
Ferns of the preceding enumeration have been
introduced to this country, I shall now proceed to state
the best means for growing and preserving them in
our collections; and as the successful cultivation of
Ferns depends much upon a knowledge of the con-
ditions under which they grow in their native country,
I begin with a few observations on that point.

Ferns have already been spoken of as favourites
with the plant-loving public ; but it is not simply on
their merits as pretty and interesting objects that they
claim attention. Geology reveals to us that Coal —
that source of our domestic comforts and national
greatness — is formed chiefly of Ferns, which at some
remote period grew upon the earth. However, this is
not the place to discuss the views and speculative
theories regarding the thermal and gaseous condition
of the earth and atmosphere, under which Ferns then
flourished, or to reason on the manner by which they
were converted into coal. I may simply remark that
fossil remains show, that contemporaneous with
Ferns grew plants of remarkable character, quite

336

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

distinct from tliose of tlie present era. Hot so tlie
Ferns, for tlieir beautiful and well-preserved remains
sliow that tlieir fronds were of various sizes and forms,
in every way analogous to the present race ; having
free and anastomosing venation, round and linear
fructification, and, in some instances, almost identical
with species now living. At present. Ferns rank
amongst the widest spread of all the orders of the
vegetable kingdom, being found in more or less
number in all climates, between the most northern and
southern limits of vegetable life, and at elevations
ranging from the sea-level to 14-15,000 feet within the
tropics, their number in any localities being generally
in proportion to the degree of atmospheric moisture in
conjunction with elevation, the latter applying specially
to the interior of continents. Comparatively few
species are found in open, grassy, thinly-wooded
countries, whether it be the plain or mountain-slope ;
such districts are often in full possession of the most
gregarious and abundant of all Ferns, the common
Brake (Pteris a quilina), which, under slightly different
forms, and in some countries accompanied by different
species of Gleiclienia, occupy vast tracts of the earth’s
surface. In hot and moist plains, in valleys of great
extent, the number of different species are few ; even
in the valley of the Amazon, teeming as it does with
vegetable life, the number of Ferns found by Dr.
Spruce after he left the coast Flora, at Para, in his
journey of 2,000 miles, were very few. They became
more numerous on attaining an elevation of 1,500
feet, and in one locality, at a higher elevation, he
found 250 species in a diameter of fifty miles.
Another extensive tract with but few Ferns is the

CULTIVATION.

337

dry zone of Northern Africa, and few have as yet
been recorded from the interior of Australia ; while,
on the contrary, on elevated coast-ridges and islands,
they form a large proportion of the entire Flora.
They are the most numerous, both in regard to genera
and species, in the tropical regions, where, too, a
greater number of individual plants are to be found
than in temperate regions.*

On reviewing the above, it may readily be supposed
that the varied influences under which Exotic Ferns
naturally grow, necessitate various kinds of treatment
for cultivating and preserving them in this country ;
but such is not the case. As might be expected,
our native representatives (although only forty-two
in number) have received special attention. We have
Fern Tourists in plenty; almost every spot of our
country, where are conditions congenial to their
development, has become more or less familiar to
those who take an interest in their study — in the
damp shady glen, the wildest wood, banks of streams,
mountain-sides, whether it be in their sheltered easy
.slopes, or in the almost inaccessible craggy steeps.
Indeed, so diligently have the Fern explorings been
carried on, that numerous curious and beautiful
varieties, highly prized in our gardens, have been
found. But, however laudable and agreeable Fern-
growing may be, yet it is to be regretted that it leads
to the extinction of some of our rarest native species.
Even the more common are becoming scarce in locali-
ties within easy reach ; great quantities being yearly

# Want of space prevents me entering more fully into the
history of geographical distribution.

z

338

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

consigned to the London markets. Since Ferns have
become so popular, those who patronize horticulture,
from the members of the upper classes who construct
large hothouses, to the humbler patron, or the hard-
working mechanic who prides himself on his posses-
sion of a Wardian case, are desirous to obtain such
information as will enable them to cultivate them
successfully, either in the Conservatory, Wardian
case, or Eockwork in the open air. To supply this,
several books on the subject have been published.
Indeed, if an example may be taken, besides the
extraordinary degree of familiarity so rapidly attained
in the knowledge of Ferns by all classes, the constant
increase of collections gives sufficient evidence.
Nevertheless, in publications which, through their
cheapness, are within the reach of every Fern lover,,
frequent complaints are met with, tending to show
that the result is not always satisfactory to the culti-
vator, especially among amateurs and persons of
small means. These complaints are mainly attri-
butable to the author not familiarizing his readers
sufficiently with the habits of Ferns, the conditions
under which they luxuriate in their native localities,
and the necessity of imitating those conditions as far
as practicable. It is, however, gratifying to observe
that, in the progress of horticulture, the knowledge of
the natural conditions of plants is more and more
sought after, and appreciated with very good results,
forming a lively contrast with the old times, when the
Trichomanes radicans could only with difficulty be
kept alive even by the most eminent horticulturists;
a fact observed by the originator and promoter of the
Wardian case system, under which this shade and

CULTIVATION.

339

moisture-loving Fern stands pre-eminent, even sur-
passing in size and luxuriance tliose in their native
retreats. A familiar example of opposite nature to
the preceding is our native species Asplenium septcn-
trionale , confined to northern localities, generally
growing on rocks and insinuating its delicate roots in
the deep crevices and among the debris of irregular
shelvings and prominences, not receiving any apparent
injury from the rigour of winter or the scorching
heat of summer. Although such is its hardy nature,
it nevertheless does not flourish when taken from its
native rocks and brought under artificial cultivation.
What has been stated regarding the shade and
moisture -loving Trichomanes, and the rock-loving
Asplenia, may be viewed as the extremes in the nature
of those Ferns that do not readily conform to ordinary
cultivation; but, on the other hand, the greater
number are not particular in their choice of place of
growth, either in a wild state or under cultivation.
Examples may be cited of species conforming to the
most untoward and varying influences ; for instance,
the common h.art>s-tongu.e¥evn(Scolopendriumvulgare)
maintains itself in situations of the most opposite
kind, having great predilection for the works of man,
whether elevated in the air or sunk below the surface
of the earth; such as stone, brick, or turf walls,
embankments, hedge-banks and road-sides, pits,
quarries, or deep open wells. In either place it multi-
plies freely, conforming itself to the various atmo-
spheric changes to which those situations are liable.
Such being the case, it is not surprising to find it
assume different sizes and forms ; in dry places it is
only a few inches in height, while in open wells, such

z 2

340

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

as may be seen in some of tbe nurseries and market-
gardens near London, it produces fronds 2-3 feet in
length. The Asplenium Trichomanes , A. JRuta-muraria ,
Ceterach officinarum, and Poly podium vulgare, are also
wall and tombstone-lovers, and may be called our
domestic Ferns.

Another remarkable example of a Fern making
itself at home under extremes of temperature and
moisture, is Pteris longifolia, a species having a wide
range throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions
of both hemispheres. On the island of Ischia (Bay
of Naples) it is found luxuriating within the influence
of the hot vapours rising out of the cavities left by
extinct volcanoes, growing in soft muddy soil at a
temperature ranging from 140° to 160°. In our
hothouses its spores vegetate abundantly upon all
moist surfaces, and in the crevices of brick walls. *
Plants of it are nearly always to be found over the
openings of hot-water tanks, and it has been seen
in crevices of the walls outside hothouses, or even
under iron gratings, where it could receive but little
light, and where the temperature was often near the
freezing-point. In the dry air of the Cactus-house
plants of it have produced fronds from 2-3 feet in
length.

In general the fronds of Ferns remain long in a
perfect state; the exceptions to this rule are com-
paratively few, and these are chiefly supplied by the
natives of climates alternating with seasons of heat
and cold. But as many species are wanderers and
conform to the effects of various climates, it is no
wonder to see some of our native Ferns assuming
the evergreen habit of their foreign allies, when

CULTIVATION.

341

grown in a temperate house ; of which Polysticlium
aculeatum, Lastrea dilatata, and L. Filix-mas may be
cited as examples, as also Asplenium marinum. In
1820 I found plants of it, having fronds from 2-4
inches in length, growing in a cave facing the German
Ocean, on the east coast of Scotland ; of these, two
plants have been grown at Kew from that time ; of
late years, one in the Temperate and the other in the
Tropical House. These became fine caespitose plants,
with fronds varying from 1-1 1 foot in length; the
greatest length being attained by the plant in the
Tropical House, even assuming the character of a
species native of the West Indies and Tropical
America, and quite unlike the original plant; thus
showing that although at home in the cold, sunless
cave, it can well appreciate a better fed and warmer
abode. Exceptions to this rule are some alpine
species. Ferns in that respect being analogous to our
ill success in growing many alpine flowering plants.
This is no doubt partly owing to the difference of
atmospheric density, and the varying influences of
temperature and moisture common to the sea-level of
this climate.

The species of cold climates truly deciduous, produce
their fronds from an underground creeping sarmentum,
of which Pteris aquilina, Sitolobium punctilobium,
Onoclea sensibilis, Anchistea virginica , Lorinseria areo-
lata, Leucostegia immersa, and Phcgopteris aurita are
the principal examples. On the other hand, instances
of tropical species periodically losing their fronds
without any apparent cause, such as by undue excess of
heat and moisture, are Pliymatodes oxyloba, Pleuridium
palmatum, P. venustum , Drynaria propinqua , several

342

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

species of Davallia, and a few others. Their rhizomes
remain perfectly naked during the winter, and seem
to be constituted for a season of dry rest.

These obversations are sufficient to show how
certain species will grow under the most opposite
conditions, and that a knowledge of them materially
assists our efforts of cultivation, which I shall pro-
ceed to treat of under two heads, — special and
natural.

II. Special or Pot Cultivation.

WITH the exception of those species sufficiently
hardy to bear the cold of this climate, the
whole family of Ferns can be artificially and most
luxuriantly grown, under but two different scales of
temperature, and with as little difference in other
respects. There can be no better instance than that
afforded by the immense collection now at Kew,* where,
in the Tropical Fern-house, a great many species from
various climates are placed under an average tempera-
ture of 60° to 70°. In this housef are species from
nearly all the tropical and sub-tropical countries
of the world, and, being in one compartment, they
are all alike subject to the same amount of atmo-
spheric moisture as of heat. However, in respect
to moisture supplied to their roots, the amount
is varied according to the nature and require-
ments of the plant. The same remarks apply to
the Temperate House, of course with a reduction

* May 1864.

•f Length 130 feet, width 34 feet.

CULTIVATION.

343

of moisture as well as temperature, the latter ranging
from 40° to 50° in winter, that being the only period
of the year when artificial heat is required. In this
house* are growing, in the greatest luxuriance, species
from Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, North
India, elevated portions of Ceylon, South Africa,
North and South America, and other elevated regions
within the tropics. The whole collection is grown in
common deep or shallow pots, pans, and tubs ; the
latter, however, are only used for the large species
of Tree Ferns and Angiojpteris ; and though such a
system is the least natural in appearance, yet it is
most convenient and found generally consistent with
the prevailing fashion for in-door horticulture ; this
mode of cultivation, being mostly adopted, merits our
first consideration. In the tropical and sub-tropical
localities, where heat and moisture are abundant, by
the manner in which they grow and the various
positions they occupy, soil is of but little importance,
except for affording their roots the means of obtaining
permanency of position. This is evident by the remains
of native soil adhering to the roots of imported plants,
showing that Tree and other large Ferns in some
places grow in stiff adhesive, red clay. To imitate
this soil in pot culture is attended with no success,
and it is remarkable to see how quickly the roots of
newly-imported plants take to the fine loam and
peat in which they are potted. In cultivation, how-
ever, the great beneficial influence of the natural
atmosphere is not obtained, and the soil is therefore
of great importance, necessitating caution in its

* Length 82 feet, width 13 feet.

344

TEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

selection. Taking a view of the large number of
F erns now in cultivation, their requirements as regards
soil, and mode of growth, we easily recognize two
classes — terrestrial and epiphytal. This division is
important. For the first class, by far the most ex-
tensive, it is necessary to use the soil of a finer or
coarser consistence, according to the delicate or
stronger character of the plant. In it there is a
more varied character of vernation, by which their
terrestrial character is indicated and very easily recog-
nized. Natural affinity of course is not taken into
consideration. However, with tolerable accuracy in
this respect, the genera Phegopteris, Lctstrea, Ne-
plir odium, Adiantum, Asplenium, and Sitolohium give
examples of the chief variety of vernation indicative of
the terrestrial nature ; viz., erect, cmspitose, decumbent
or sub-hypogeous, or, as in Nephrodium unitum, and
N. pter aides, which, although with a true sub-scandent
sarmentum, they, however, prefer the firm soil of the-
terrestrial group, a compost of two-thirds peat and
one loam, with abundance of sand, according to the-
size of the plants for which it is to be used.

In potting Ferns, an over-depth of soil should be
avoided, as well as a great depth of drainage. The
one promotes stagnancy, the other gives an oppor-
tunity for the most vigorous roots to descend
among its particles, and oftentimes they become too
dry when the soil is apparently moist enough, and the
tips of the foliage are in consequence injured, and
the plant disfigured. This applies more strictly
to species of small and delicate structure, such as
Aspleniuvijirmum, A. dentatum,A. decussatum, &c.,and
for such the shallow pot is best adapted, the width of

CULTIVATION.

345-

which, being considerably greater than the depth,
gives a good extent of surface, and renders a deep
drainage unnecessary. Such a kind of pot, of course,
is most suitable for all species of decumbent or
creeping habit, and those producing rapidly a great
number of offsets.

The best time for repotting (or shifting, as it is
termed) Ferns, more especially those of the terrestrial
division, is at the end of February, or during March,
as soon after that time they commence growth ; but
any time of the year, except winter, will suit them.
The operation of potting is a matter of little difficulty,
nor are the necessary utensils or materials very varied —
a firm potting-bench, several different sizes broad-
pointed firming-sticks, and a garden trowel. It is
also necessary to have a few extra pots of different sizes,
of both the deep upright and shallow flat kinds, also-
a quantity of material for drainage, which may consist
of broken soft brick or hard knobs of old mortar ; but
for general purposes, potsherds, broken into different
sizes, are most commonly used, and well known by
the name of “ crocks.” The removal of the plant,
with its ball of soil and roots, is readily effected by
spreading the left hand over the surface of the soil,
allowing the plant, when not too large, to come
between the fingers ; then, by inverting the plant and
pot, and giving the rim of the pot a gentle but sharp
tap with the right hand on the edge of the board ; if
the roots are in a healthy state, the ball will slip
easily out of the pot. In all cases, a thorough drainage
is indispensable, and to ensure this, the draining
material should be of two sizes, the larger size
at the bottom, with a concave large crock over

346

FEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the hole of the pot, the concave side downwards :
there should he two, three, or four holes at the side,
quite at the base, made in all pots larger than eight
inches in diameter, the number of holes of course
according to the size of the pot. This is the more
essential when the pots are placed on smooth benches,
as of stone or slate, the capillary attraction between
the pot and bench retaining the superfluous water,
and causing much stagnancy. After properly arrang-
ing the drainage, a small quantity of fibry material
should be placed on it to keep the new soil from
mingling with it. No plant should be repotted in
a wet state, nor should it be allowed to become dry
enough to cause it to flag, as this will not only
give an immediate and severe check, but in giving
■water after it is potted, it will percolate the new soil
(which should always be used in a moderately moist
state) without entering the dry ball ; if, from bad
drainage or exhaustion of the soil, it has become
impure, so much of it and of the old inactive roots
should be removed. In such cases, as small a pot as
possible should be used, which will admit the pre-
served roots freely, being carefully laid out by the
fingers amid the new soil ; for if in too large a pot,
the soil becomes sour before any vigorous roots
have entered and promoted drainage, as they are
tardy to perform their functions vigorously after
having been necessarily so much disturbed. However,
when in a healthy and vigorous state, such space
should be given it that will admit the fingers or
both hands freely by its sides (according to the size
of the plant) in inserting it in the new pot, where
;t should be so placed that its crown, if of the

CULTIVATION.

347

erect vernation, will be nearly level witli tlie rim. Tbe
soil should be carefully introduced, and made firm
round tbe sides by pressure of tbe firming-stick and a
few tbumps of tbe pot (if easily bandied) on tbe
potting-bencb, if not, tbe stick must suffice ; a space
of about balf an inch, more or less, according to tbe
size of tbe pot, should be allowed at tbe surface to
contain as much water as would moisten the whole
ball.

Tbe size of tbe plants will depend upon the amount
of space and the number of species in tbe collection.
For an amateur's collection in a small bouse, very fair
specimens may be grown in pots from eight to twelve
inches in diameter, after the shift into tbe largest-sized
pot, and with good management tbe plant will not
require any repotting for two or three years. By
that time tbe running and caespitose kinds, such as
Adiantum and Gleiclienia, will have become exhausted
in the centre ; tbe ball will, therefore, require division
by passing a sharp knife through it, taking care not
to injure tbe young growths next the sides of tbe pot ;
the most healthy portions to be selected for repotting,
to become tbe new representative plant of tbe collec-
tion ; and, if proper care is taken, tbe fronds will
suffer but little injury. In operations of this kind,
some gardeners entirely shake out the soil, cut away
tbe whole of tbe fronds and roots, in order to make
tbe plant, they say, come up strong. This may not do
much injury to certain plants, such as bulbs, tubers,
fuchsias, and such-like plants that rest in winter ; but
for Ferns it is a great mistake ; it so weakens the
plant that it takes a year or more to be worth looking
at, and, indeed, some never recover. In Adiantum

348

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

and other genera, the roots are naturally of a dark, or
even quite black colour, and it is known to have been
considered by some cultivators, not well versed in the
nature of Ferns, as dead, and accordingly they are totally
removed, even although with evidence of the plant
being healthy and vigorous. The healthy state of the
plant is readily explained, for on examining the nume-
rous points of the black roots, each will be seen to be
of a pale colour, which are the active feeders of the
plant ; and, in shifting, great care should be taken not
to bruise or injure them.

The same directions apply to the gigantic Tree
Ferns and species of Angiojjteris. The soil for them,
however, should be of a coarser nature when of a size
to require the largest-sized pots or tubs ; in no case
is it desirable to give more than three inches extra
space at one shift, even in the largest pot or tub. In all
pots above one foot in diameter, the drainage should
be elevated in the centre. When the shift is large, an
inverted pot should be placed in the new pot, placing
a layer of drainage round it, the height of the pot to
be such that the crocks of the old ball (which must
not be taken out) rest on the top of the new drainage
or pot. By this the outer circle of bottom roots are
not pressed together, or crushed by the weight of the
ball, which is sure to be the case when the ball is set
on a level surface, it also keeps the ball to its proper
height. This mode of drainage has been the constant
practice at Kewwith all large shifts, not only for Ferns
but Proteacecs and all fine fibrous-rooted plants, the
nature of which is to extend outwards and downwards
through the new soil, ultimately forming a web of
roots against the sides of the pot. In the ordinary

CULTIVATION.

349

practice of potting, it is a rule with, many gardeners
to remove all the old drainage crocks, the centre thus
becomes a mass of soil, which in time becomes com-
pact, inert, and useless, liable to become stagnant,
and in time causing the plant to sicken. This is
avoided by preparing and retaining the old drainage.
This mode of drainage is, however, only necessary for
plants required to be permanent in botanical collec-
tions. Its utility in prolonging life is verified by some
yet existing plants of Proteacece at Kew, some of
which are forty, and others above sixty years of age.
What has here been stated may be considered as a
general rule for the greater number of the Fern
family, such as are usually found in ordinary collec-
tions of a hundred species, more or less. But in this
extensive family there are many possessing some pecu-
liar nature, and a few examples of these require to be
specially noticed.

The group which has been termed Epiphytal,
consists of the genera Davallia, Goniophlebium ,
Drynaria, Phymatodes, Pleuridium, Platycerium, lo-
mariopsis, Polybotrya, and others of like habit, charac-
terized by a true and highly-developed rhizome or
sarmentum, generally creeping, and adhering by
their fine fibrous roots to the surface on which they
grow. Their positions in their natural homes are
generally on more or less perpendicular surfaces of
moist and shaded places of rocks or ordinary soil,
where decomposing vegetable matter abounds as a
surfacing. They are often found on trees, and with
many species of Polybotrya and Lomcvriopsis this
•seems to be their true position, and often by their
vigorous growth, the trees are clothed with them in

350 •

TEENS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tlie manner of our common ivy. It will be under-
stood by tbis that an open loose soil is essential for
the whole group ; good fibry peat is therefore all
that can be desired, and on account of their creeping
habit, as great an extent of its surface as possible is
necessary to be gained in potting. To this end the
shallow pan is indispensable ; by an ordinary deep
pot being inverted in the pan and covered with a
layer of peat, of a thickness according to the size of
the pan or pot used (at a proportion of two inches
thickness for a pan of one foot diameter) carried up
over the inverted pot in a conical form, the whole
pressed firmly together. The rhizomes are fixed to
its surface by pegs, and they will soon attach them-
selves by their own roots. The height of the cone
will be according to the character of the plants ; for
Pleopeltis, Anapeltis, Niphobolus , &c., a cone of from
6-10 inches high, with a base from 1 to 1^ foot in
width, will make handsome specimens. The genus
Oleandra comes under Epiphytal, the rhizomes elon-
gating rapidly, and in their natural places adhering
to trees and moist rocks. 0. neriiformis is, however,
truly terrestrial, producing roots from its woody erect
rhizome after ascending a few inches from the soil.
The other species in cultivation, however, cannot be
well suited by the conical mode, or being trained on
straight sticks. An open netted wire cylinder, about
three feet high, and about six inches diameter, answers
the purpose exceedingly well. The cylinder is filled
with peat, and by fixing the rhizomes round the
bottom of the cylinder, the roots will soon adhere to
the peat through the meshes, which being kept moist,
a rapid growth is stimulated, and the cylinder soon

CULTIVATION.

351

becomes furnished with beautiful projecting fronds.
If a greater height is desired, another cylinder may
be added to the first. This mode is equally useful for
Stenochlcena, Polybotrya , Lomariopsis, &c. In respect
to species in which the rhizomes elongate slowly, the
upper part of the cylinder is bare and unsightly for a
time. This may be obviated by having a short cylinder
and heighten it by adding short lengths when required.
The genus Elaplioglossum is generally epiphytal, and
as some of its larger growing species, such as E. callce-
folium and E. latifolium, being decumbent casspitose
in vernation, it is not necessary to have the soil raised
much above the rim of the pot, which should be of
the flat kind, and three inches depth of soil is quite
sufficient. Many smaller species of this genus are
most lovely objects, and some of them are not yet in
cultivation. Of the whole Fern Family the Platy cerium
may be considered the most grand, beautiful, and
extraordinary; and it is thoroughly typical of this
epiphytal group. Its natural position of growth is
sometimes on moist rocks, but usually on the trunks
and larger branches of trees. The spores becoming
lodged there, germinate, and, sending out spongy
fibrils, a little plant, like a circular disk, adhering to
the tree, analogous to a foliaceous lichen, is formed,
each succeeding disk (frond) becoming larger and
overlapping the preceding one. In time the older
ones loose their vitality, and by this mode of growth
envelop, or nearly so, that portion of the tree whereon
they grow in a dense, thick, spongy mass, among which
the roots insinuate themselves and receive nourishment.
As equivalent to this, in cultivation blocks of wood
are mostly used ; but they are objectionable from their

352

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

constant liability to breed fungi and harbour insects.
On that account pots are preferable, not of the ordi-
nary shape, but with less difference in the diameter at
the base than at the top, and with a wide opening at
ihe side, extending about a third of its diameter from
the rim down to within a sixth of its depth from the
base (this will leave the pot in much the same form
as a scoop). Thorough drainage should be given, and
a, material of very fibry peat will suit. The crown of
the plant should be placed about the centre of the side
opening from where the fronds will be produced. In
time, the sterile fronds will spread in all directions, but
mostly upwards, and quickly obscure the pot, and the
fertile ones will hang loosely downwards. Their position
in the house should be elevated, and, if possible, against
a wall or partition. Platycerium alcicorne increasing
rapidly by offsets, requires a considerable extent of
surface ; consequently rough sandy peat, arranged in a
•conical manner on a shallow pot, to which the plants
will soon attach themselves, is most suitable, and
which, if fancy leads, may be suspended from the roof
■of the house by a strong wire.

For the large-growing species of Drynaria, Gonio-
ahlebium, and Phlebodium , it is not necessary to raise
the soil much above the level of the pot ; their
fleshy rhizomes soon reach the margin, to which
they cling, and if standing on a moist surface, or
near water, they creep down the sides of the pot.

In Davallia pyxidata, I), ornata, and others, the
rhizomes are what may be termed aerial, rising con-
siderably above the soil, often extending to a distance
beyond the edge of the pot, and, as they in these
cases do not produce roots, the rhizomes in time

CULTIVATION.

353

(three or four years) become weak, producing small
fronds ; it therefore becomes necessary to remove the
older parts and re-pot the younger portions in fresh
soil.

Yery interesting and natural examples may also
be had by placing common cylindrical red chimney-
pots or drain-pipes in a pan wider by two inches than
the base of the cylinder, — this space to be filled with
soil and planted ; the rhizomes will soon become
attached to the surface of the cylinder and in time
will cover the whole, forming a handsome pillar of
fronds. In order to maintain a proper degree of
moisture, a pan of water may be fixed inside the
cylinder, and if a piece of woollen cloth is placed in
the water, in contact with the cylinder, a constant
moisture will be kept up congenial to the plants.
The top of the cylinder is also useful for placing
on it some of the pendulous species ; for instance,
Pliymatodes geminata, Goniophlebium dissimile, G.
nerujolium, Campy loneur on angustifolium, Elaplioglos-
sum Herminieri.

In Schellolepis suhauriculata and S. verrucosa the
fronds are long and pendulous ; this necessitates the
plants being placed in an elevated position, such as
suspended from the roof of the house in shallow wire
baskets, the inside of which should have a lining of
sphagnum moss, which assists to retain moisture, and
also gives a clean and neat appearance. Plants of
these two species thus treated have at Kew produced
fronds 12 feet in length, hanging down in a very
graceful manner. There are several other Epiphytes
of special interest, such as the species of Vittnria
and Haplopteris , which hang down from trees like

354

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

bunches of grass, as also the remarkable Ophioglossum
pendulum, which may be likened to ribands or bands
hanging loose and waving with the wind, often many
feet in length. These plants succeed in a small
quantity of soil, firmly fixed in pots, with pieces of
soft stone or potsherds, and the pot hung against a
shady wall or pillar. For this purpose the pot should
have a flat back, with the front rim lower than the
back, so as to allow the fronds to hang quite free of
the pot.

Neottopteris Australasica, and a few Aspleniums
nearly allied, such as A. sinuatum and A. crenulatum,
of precisely the same mode of growth, are of erect
fasciculate vernation. Their roots being of peculiar
mossy and delicate nature, they are not adapted
for deep insinuation of stiff soil, but are rather
what may be termed aerial. Two-thirds of their
mass is produced above the surface of the soil.
Substantial but open material is therefore required,
of very rough, fibry peat, and porous, broken bricks,
or soft sandstone, in equal parts ; very little pot-
room is necessary; a shallow pot of 18 inches
diameter, with such material, will support a plant
of two dozen fronds, and none less than 3 feet
6 inches long and 8 inches broad, with a stem a foot
high, and as much through, principally composed of
its mossy roots forming a spongy mass. As an
instance of the long life under regular treatment may
be cited the original plant of Neottopteris Australasica,
which was imported in 1825, and is now (1864) a
magnificent plant, in perfect health, having received
but few shifts the whole of the forty years.

This is, however, far surpassed in size by the mag-

CULTIVATION.

355

nificent Neottoptcris muscefolia, which is described by a
Penang correspondent in the following words : — “ I
saw two fine specimens of the Birds’ -nest Fern ; each
had between forty and fifty perfect green leaves ; the
average length of the leaves was six feet, and from
one foot to fourteen inches across in the broadest part.
They were growing on each side of a doorway ; when
I was walking up to them I thought they were American
Aloes.”

The remarks that have been previously made
respecting the nature of the rock-loving Asplenias are
equally applicable to others that inhabit rocky places,
such as certain species of the genera Notlioloena,
Myriopteris, Gheilanthes , &c. ; some are rocky-coast
plants, others are mountain, being found in elevated
situations within or near the tropics, where they are
subject to the heaviest showers and most powerful
sun, their surfaces being generally furnished with
beautiful scales or woolly covering, which resist in a
great measure the action of the sun. They all seem
very impatient of moisture under cultivation, especially
in winter. A material composed of finely-broken and
mixed sandstone, bricks, old mortar, and a small
•quantity of sandy loam, suits them, placed in a position
of the coolest shade, with abundance of moisture in
summer, and in winter very little water, just sufficient
to keep the soil slightly moist ; a comparatively dry
atmosphere and as much light as may be obtainable
at that dull season, with a temperature not below 36°.
As a general rule, the above may be considered appli-
cable to all small-growing rock species of temperate
regions, including the natives of this country. The
species of the genus Gymnogramma , especially those

2 A 2

356

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

■with farinose fronds, commonly called Gold and Silver
Ferns, are also very susceptible of moisture; they
should never be syringed, or water allowed to fall on
their fronds, as the farina, being loose, is disturbed by
the water, and running down, gives the appearance as
if the plants were smeared with dust. They, however,,
differ from the preceding, requiring more light, and
the temperature of the Tropical House. The species
of Gymnogramvia vary very much in habit, as regards
size and circumscription of the fronds, G. trifoliate
having fronds from three to four feet high, while in
G. chcerophylla and G. leptophylla they are fragile, and
average from two to six inches in length. These two-
species are peculiar in being, with the exception of
Ceratopteris thalictroides , the only known truly annual
Ferns. G. clicerophylla grows freely ; its spores vege-
tate abundantly throughout the house, often as a
weed. G. leptopliylla is, however, not so free in its
growth. "When its fronds decay, the pot should be
covered with a piece of glass, and put in a dry place
until the proper season arrives in spring, when the
application of moisture will cause the latent spores to
vegetate. G. fiexuosa differs from the whole of the
genus in having prelonging fronds, which climb in a
rambling manner over bushes, like those of Lygo-
dium, noticed in another page : it will probably here-
after form the type of a distinct genus. The beautiful
genus Lindscea, of which no less than sixty species are
described in Hooker's “ Species Filicum," are, with
few exceptions, natives of the tropics of both hemi-
spheres; in my Catalogue of 1857, only two species are
recorded as being cultivated ; but, within these few
years, the number has increased to fourteen, the greater

CULTIVATION.

357

part having been introduced from Guiana by Mr.
Backhouse, of York, and on account of their slow
increase, plants of them are yet very rare : they are
natives of generally the lower regions of tropical vege-
tation, growing in open places amongst herbage of
small plants and grass, or on the skirts of woods, and
sometimes under the shade of trees, the soil being
very poor, sometimes almost nothing but sand or
stony debris , in which their sarmentums are partially
hypogeous, the soil and air never being much below
the temperature of 80°, and although almost daily
subject to the influence of tropical thunder-showers,
yet, on account of the nature of the soil, the surface is
never over saturated. Finding that they do not flourish
under the medium temperature of a Tropical Fern House,
it therefore is necessary that a special part of the house,
on the principle of a Wardian Case, should be adapted,
so that a moist air of 80° may be steadily maintained,
and the plants occasionally sprinkled overhead, taking
care that no superfluity remain in the soil, which
should be no more than moist.

Like Lindscea, the curious and interesting genus
Schizcea does not readily conform to cultivation ;
plants of Schizcea elegans have often been freely im-
ported from Trinidad, and although tried in various
ways in high and moderate temperatures, it cannot be
said they have yet become established. Under the
Wardian Case, the native imported fronds remain for
a considerable time fresh, and sometimes new fronds
show themselves, but fail to come to maturity. In a
letter lately received from Mr. Prestoe, in Trinidad, he
informs me that the Schizcea elegans grows in solitary
patches in loamy soil, covered with three or four

358

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

inches of leaf soil, in company with Adicintum and
other Ferns, as well as much Cyperacece, the whole
forming a dense undergrowth in woods. From this it
appears there is no great peculiarity from other Ferns
as to its place of growth, and that our ill success
arises in consequence of the nature of the plant, being
difficult to re-establish after being taken from its
native soil, of which there are many instances ; the
common Pteris aquilina being a familiar example.

The numerous and beautiful species of Hymeno-
pliyllce, called Filmy Ferns, merit particular attention.
They are natives of both tropical and temperate
regions, and where they abound are generally found
in shady moist woods, clothing the lower parts of the
trunks of trees, especially Tree Ferns, or on dripping
rocks, or surface-soil of the deepest ravines, rarely in
exposed situations. In order to surround them with
a moist atmosphere, adaptations must be resorted to,
such as moveable cases upon the Wardian principle,
hereafter to be described, and which are essentially
necessary for the cultivation of this delicate tribe.
Such, indeed, is their delicacy, that if once allowed to ,
become dry on the surface of their fronds for any
length of time, a rusty and shrivelled appearance will
soon follow. Having, as already stated, succeeded in
cultivating Tricliomanes radicans, it becomes obvious
that other species could also be made subservient to
cultivation ; of which there is ample evidence to be
seen at Kew, where there are forty cases* of different
sizes, arranged on a stone shelf on the north side of
the large Fern House, in such a position that they

* May, 1864.

CULTIVATION.

359

receive but little sun in winter, and are densely shaded
in summer, all filled with patches of fine fronds, of a
number of different species, varying from the delicate
hair-like Tricliomanes tricoideum, not more than two
inches high, to the robust T. anceps and T. radicans.

They are grown in square shallow pans and boxes,
well drained in the ordinary way, and having about
two inches of peat soil mixed with nearly half its bulk
of sand and small broken potsherds ; but soft sand-
stone is best. For the creeping sorts the soil should
be raised in the form of a mound, and for those that
have long-extending sarmentums, if soft stone cannot
be had, it is desirable to invert a pan or common deep
pot, covering it with a layer of soil, as already ex-
plained, to which the plant will cling, and soon form a
green hillock : junks of wood answer the purpose ;
but in a moist, close, and warm atmosphere, fungi
and insects breed, and in a short time the wood
decays, causing unnecessary disturbance of the whole
mass of the plant.

The singular genus Lygodium, and its ally Lygo-
dictyon, grow naturally in firm soils, generally amongst
trees and bushes, their why, flexile, climbing fronds
growing over and involving everything within their
reach in the most intricate complexity. In most
Ferns, the whole of the divisions of the fronds are
formed in the nascent or bud state, and are unfolded
as the fronds elongate ; when the whole of the deve-
loped parts are unfolded, the frond ceases further ex-
tension. This is, however, not the case in Lygodium,
Salpichlcena, Pellea jlexuosa, Gymnogramma flexuosa,
Odontosoria aculeata, and a few others, the fronds of
which are of indefinite extension, their apices con-

SGO

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

turning to grow and produce lateral pinnae, in every
way analogous to the development of branches and
leaves in woody plants. The climbing and rambling
nature of these plants necessitates some kind of sup-
port when cultivated in pots, which may consist of
open wire trellises of a cylindrical form, varying in
height from three to six feet or more, which, if fixed
to a pot ten to twelve inches in diameter, the plants
will, with careful training, become handsome speci-
mens ; they are also well adapted for covering trellis
against wall or pillars.

The fronds of the much admired genus Gleichenia
are also indefinite in extension, and some of the
smaller species, when growing amongst bushes, assume
a climbing habit; but in G.furcata, G. dicliotoma, G.
Cunninghami, and G. flabellata, the fronds are rigid
and erect, produced from a more or less stout or slender
sarmentum, which is either superficial or creeps a
little below the surface of the soil ; therefore shallow
pans or boxes are best suited for these plants ; and
with attention specimens of considerable size may be
attained, as, for instance, at Kew a plant of G. flabellata
measured twelve to thirteen feet in circumference and
four and a half feet high, consisting of a thicket of
fine fan-like fronds.

It may be expected that in such an extensive family
some species would be found bearing the appellation
of aquatics, but such is not the case ; for although
many species grow in wet places, such as Osmunda
r eg alls and Acrosticlium aureum, both of which love
water, but also flourish even in dry places, the only
Fern really entitled to be called a water Fern being
Ceratoptei'is thalidroides, and which is also singular

CULTIVATION.

361

in anotlier respect — in being one of the few Ferns that
are only annual. It is widely dispersed throughout the
tropics, growing in wet places, often flooded ; its
sterile, viviparous fronds floating on or below the
surface of the water, as may be yearly seen in the
Victoria Lily tanks at Kew. Being annual, care must
be taken to preserve spores, which in the spring
should be sown in a shallow pan of loamy soil made
wet like mud, kept moist ; and when the plants are of
sufficient size, the pan may be either filled with water,
or be placed about an inch deep in a tank. Acrostichum
aureum is mentioned as growing in wet places; for
instance, in Jamaica and other of the West-India
Islands it is described as taking the place of the Euro-
pean Typha latifulia, attaining the height of seven or
eight feet. By imitating its natural condition, placing
it in a pan of water, or in a tank, specimens have been
grown at Kew to the height of six feet; but although
it enjoys and luxuriates in water, it also grows in dry
places, its height then not exceeding one to two feet,
and often with simple fronds.

The delicately beautiful Selaginellas , on account of
the large share of notice they receive and meet from
the admirers of the Cryptogamic family, deserve
here an especial notice. Originally the species were
included under Lycopodium ; but have been separated
on account of differing in the character of their
spore-cases. The species are numerous, and their
habit and free growth mark them as a very distinct
group from true Lycopodium. With a knowledge of
a few species, two very distinct modes of growth are
easily understood ; the upright or climbing ones, such
as S. Africana and S. filicina, are examples, and the

362

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

decumbent or creeping species, sucb as S. serpens,
S. uncinata, S. Galiottii , &c., are examples. The
latter delight in a light soil, composed of fibry peat
and well-decomposed leaf-soil, free from pieces of
wood (as it generates fungi), with a little sand inter-
mixed, and require a depth of only about two inches
in ordinary round pans, with ample drainage. If,
however, good specimens are desirable, with an
arrangement on a bench or low shelf, square pans
about twice their height at the back as in front, are in
every way preferable, and as at Kew, arranged alter-
nately with the cases of Hymenophgllce, with which
they harmonize. The former-mentioned species, on
account of their robust habit and strong rooting cha-
racter, require the shallow pot, and a similar soil as for
the last, but with a small proportion of light loam.
The magnificent Selaginella Icevigata, if supported by
wires against a wall, becomes, in a remarkably short
time, the loveliest object to be found in a Fernery.
The species of the Eosulate section differ from the rest
of the genus in having erect, fasciculate vernation, the
frondules rising from a central developing axis, and,
as in S. lepidoplrylla, spreading out nearly horizontal,
and overlapping one another, forming a beautiful
green rosette, about six inches in diameter ; when dry,
they turn upwards and inwards in an involute manner,
the whole mass of the plant thus forming a firm ball,
which, on becoming moist, again expands ; and even
perfectly dead plants, when expanded, seem as if alive.
In that respect being analogous to that of the insig-
nificant cruciferous plant called the Bose of Jericho
( Anastatica Jiierochuntica) : hence the balls of this
Selaginella are frequently met with in curiosity-shops.

CULTIVATION.

3G&

under the above name. This hygrometric property
seems to indicate that this and its allied species are
subjected to occasional drought in their native localities.
But although they may frequently undergo this pro-
cess in nature with impunity, it is, however, not
desirous to be too often repeated on plants artificially
cultivated. Shallow pots, four to five inches in
diameter, best suit this section ; and being firm
holders, it is necessary to insert pieces of soft sand-
stone or potsherds amongst the shallow soil, so as
to fix the plant firmly in the pot. The extremely
delicate nature of the tissue of these little plants neces-
sitates that a position the shadiest and moistest in a
Fernery should be assigned to them. S. Willdenovii,
S. filicina, and others are termed deciduous from their
fronds decaying altogether in the early spring ; new
fronds, however, soon begin to grow.

The species of true Lycopodium are also numerous,
some being terrestrial and others epiphytal, hanging
from the trees like various-sized cord, one to four feet in
length. Of the terrestrial, five are natives of this country;
they, as well as several beautiful species that have from
time to time been introduced from North America,
refuse to become domesticated under ordinary treat-
ment ; to which must be added the wide-spread and
beautiful tropical species L. cernuum. Equal ill success
attends the epiphytal species ; for although frequently
imported, they are yet but poorly represented in our
collections ; they adhere to trees by producing many
fibrous roots, which ultimately become a large spongy
mass.

The extra height of roof required for the growing of
good examples of Tree Ferns excludes them from many

364

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

amateur collections. Tliis lias also been tlie case at
Ivew for tlie last twenty years, especially as regards
Tropical Tree Ferns, many fine plants succumbing to
the make-shifts that of necessity had to be resorted
to after they had attained a certain height ; but by
beginning with young plants, they may be grown for a
number of years in houses of the usual average height
of ten to twelve feet, as also the large fronded tree-
like Lastrea villosa, Litobrochia jwdophylla, Asplenium
striatum, Hemidictyon marginatum, and many others
of like habit. The latter, at Kew, in a 20-inch pot,
produced beautiful fronds, seven feet in height, and
which might, with encouragement, soon be made to
produce them equal to those of native growth — fourteen
feet. But in order to get rid of the inconvenient and
unsightly look of large pots and tubs, it is best to
adopt for these plants the system of natural cultivation
explained further on.

In the “ Species Filicum ” about one hundred and
twenty species of Tree Ferns are described ; but,
according to Mr. Moore’s “ Index Filicum,” the
number amounts to nearly two hundred. They are
widely distributed, chiefly within the tropics. They
love shade and solitude, and are generally found at
■elevations of from three thousand to five thousand feet
in the humid regions. In the southern hemisphere
they, however, extend much beyond the tropics, their
southern limits being New Zealand, Norfolk Island,
New South Wales, and Tasmania, where they grow at
a lower elevation than within the tropics. On Mount
Wellington, in the latter island, Dicksonia Antarctica
is found in the greatest abundance, at an elevation
■of from one thousand five hundred to two thousand

CULTIVATION.

3G5

feet, attaining the height of from eighteen to twenty-
feet, growing only in damp places, generally- gullies,
where the sun rarely penetrates, and where they are
sometimes covered with snow, and in summer the
atmosphere loaded with vapour. This suggests that,
with proper selection of situations, they might live
in the open air in the south and west of England, as
also the mild climate of Argyleshire, where shaded
ravines and gullies may be found similar to those of
Mount Wellington.

With few exceptions. Tree Ferns readily conform te
cultivation. A Isophila capensis, A. excelsa, A. Australis T
Cyathea dealbata, G. medullaris, Dicksonia antarctica ,
and D. squarrosa, grow freely in the Temperate House -y
the lofty Alsophila glauca, the beautiful tessellated
stem of Cyathea arborea, with its crown of fine
fronds, and the broad shining fronds of Hemitelia
horrida, assume a grand appearance in the Tropical
House. In general, the stems of Tree Ferns are of
sufficient size to warrant the name of trees ; but in
many the thickness is more apparent than real, the
diameter of the woody centre being often only a few
inches, but in many cases covered with successive
productions of out-growing aerial roots, which become
hard and wiry, and by their interlacing, form a com-
pact mass ; the points of these roots are, however, the
active feeders, and if a layer of fresh soil is occasion-
ally placed round the base of the stem, their growth
will be promoted, and vigour given to the plant. The
most fastidious Tree Fern to cultivate is Dicksonia
arbor escens , a native of St. Helena. It was first intro-
duced to this country in 1786, and many times since,
but refuses to become established, either in a tropical

366

FEEX5 : EEITISH AXD rOEEICX.

or temperate liouse. This species, as well as the whole
of the species of true Dicksonice, are characterized by
the base of the stipes being clothed with a more or
less coating of beautiful, articulated silky hairs; in
some species of Gxbotium, the quantity is so great, that
in the Sandwich Islands it is collected, and ship-loads
of it sent to California and Australia for stuffing
cushions, beds, &c. Another remarkable species of
this alliance is Cibotium Barometz, a native of China
and other parts of Eastern Asia ; its fronds attain the
height of twelve to fourteen feet (even in this country) ;
they rise from a thick decumbent caudex, which is
densely covered with silky hairs, as above described ;
lying on the ground, it has the appearance of a woolly-
clad animal. The stories told about it to early travellers
led them to describe it as an animal with flesh and
blood, but fixed to one position, from which it never
moves; hence the story of the now fabulous Barometz,
or Vegetable Lamb. This plant is of easy cultivation;
if placed on soil slightly raised, a few years* growth
will produce very good specimens of the “Lamb.**

The rare Schizoccena sinuata is an exception to the
general rule that characterizes Tree Ferns, the stem
being slender, not exceeding an inch in thickness,
attaining the height of three or four feet, and bearing
a fascicle of simple fronds. This remarkable Fern is a
native of Ceylon; it grows in shady places in woods
where a degree of coolness prevails. A few years ago
plants of it were received at Kew, and it was found
necessary to place them in a large Wardian Case, in
which they flourished.

Although the plants belonging to the order Marat -
tiacece are ranked with Ferns, they nevertheless differ

CULTIVATION'.

367

much in habit, chiefly as regards the nature of the roots,
which are thickened and fleshy, and generally pene-
trating deeply into firm soil. In their general character
they present much resemblance to the roots of
Cycadece, Cyclanthece , and other allied endogens; also in
venation the remarkable genus Stangeria connects them
through Dancea with Cycadece ; and their compound
fronds are represented in the same family through the
new genus Boicenia. The species of Marattia and
Angiopteris grow freely in a loamy soil, requiring
plenty of water. Some species of Angiopteris require
much space, for although the caudex does not rise
much above the ground, yet a plant at Kew produced
fronds that reached the height of twelve feet, spreading
outwards, forming a diameter of thirty-four feet. The
species of Dancea and Kaulfussii are, -however, not
such free growers; they require a moist and high
temperature.

I have now gone through a few of the principal genera
requiring special kinds of treatment ; the next consider-
ation is good management as regards temperature,
watering, airing, and keeping free from insects. Much
depends on the size and nature of the house ; the larger
it is, the less fluctuations of temperature take place,
especially in a house of the ordinary construction of
glass roof and sides, whether lean-to or span. The
maintenance of a proper condition of the air in plant-
houses depends much on the nature of the interior
fittings. White or polished, reflecting and radiating
surfaces, should be avoided as much as possible, such
as iron pillars, rafters, spandrels, polished slate or
smooth stone, iron or stone floors, &c. These kinds of
material are often introduced in superabundance, for

368

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the purpose of giving consequence and dignity to the
house, thus laying the foundation for conditions un-
favourable to plants. The shelves orbenches may consist
of dark-coloured porous stone or rough slate, with an
edging of smooth slate two inches deep, so as to form a
shallow trough, which should be filled with dark-
coloured sand or fine-sifted coal-ashes, the whole
pressed down, so as to form a firm smooth surface, on
which the pots are to be arranged. By this means a
degree of moisture will be retained more congenial to
the plants than when standing on stone or slate. An
edging of about three inches of Selaginella hortensis or
S. denticulata gives a neat appearance, and if allowed
to run between the pots, the whole becomes more con-
genial than a naked surface. White sand or broken
quartz is frequently used, but it soon becomes dirty,
and has a harsh and dry appearance.

In the arrangement of the plants some degree of
order must be observed, so that every specimen plant
of a species should be seen to advantage, and if the
collection is extensive, and the house has different
aspects as regards light and shade, then it is desirable
to arrange the plants according to their habits and
requirements ; thus, at Kew, the division Eremobnja
occupy the whole of the south side of the house; this
division being less sensitive to the effects of the sun
or deficiency of water than the more extensive division
Desmobrya, wdiich, on account of their thin texture,
very quickly suffer from dryness or too much exposure
to the sun ; therefore the north side of the house is
best for them.

The natural direction of the fronds is the most
pleasing, whether upright, pendulous, or spreading.

CULTIVATION.

369

In the latter case, sometimes their own weight makes
them fall lower than is convenient ; it therefore
becomes necessary to support them by inconspicuous
stakes. Care must, however, be taken not to raise the
fronds above their natural position, and to avoid making
them have a stiff formal appearance.

In “ Theories of Horticulture,” it is said that
abundance of light and a free circulation of air are
indispensable for the cultivation of plants under glass,
lu my long experience, I have found, as a rule an
abundance of light and a too free circulation of ail-
prejudicial to the good cultivation of plants in general.
With regard to Ferns, they love a quiet, dull atmo-
sphere ; the light afforded by a roof glazed with the
ordinary transparent glass, admits fully double the
amount of light necessary during eight months of the
year. Sufficient means are, however, necessary for
admitting air, in order to keep down the temperature
in summer ; but care must be observed in admitting
it ; if not, the increased ventilation in lowering the
temperature will cause a rapid dispersion of the essen-
tial moist atmosphere at a time when most required.
Shading must then be resorted to, this being the chief
purpose which it serves, besides protecting the plant’s
foliage from the too powerful rays of the sun. It may
•consist of canvas blinds on rollers; two moderately
thick ones are much better than one very thick, espe-
cially when Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum are
grown ; one should be permanent during the height of
the summer, the other to roll over it on occasions of full
sunshine. Although canvas is here spoken of as best
for shading, and is extensively used, still it is trouble-
some, and in the end expensive, which makes it de-

370

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

sirable to resort to some other method; such as by
using several kinds of dulled or rough glass.

In former years., the fruit and plant-houses at Kew
were glazed with a very dark-green glass called
Stourbridge-green, and which was patronized by the
late Mr. Aiton. Fine crops of fruit were produced
under it, also the tropical plants in the Botanic
Garden flourished without the aid of canvas or shade
of any kind. Not many years ago, solitary squares
of this glass might be seen in the roofs of the
old hot-hcuses, which strongly contrasted with the-
modern clear glass. My experience with this glass led
me to recommend green glass for the Palm House,
which was adopted ; but the modern-made green tint
does not appear to be so fixed a colour as that of the
old Stourbridge-green.

The Palm House in the nursery of the late Messrs..
Loddiges, at Hackney (now things of the past), affords
another example of successful plant-growing without
the aid of canvas or other moveable shading material.
On the late Mr. George Loddiges being consulted
respecting the glazing of the Kew Palm House,
he was asked if they shaded theirs ; his reply was,
“ Oh, no; our thick rafters and sash-frames, with
sooty glass, just afford the amount of light necessary
for the plants.” Under this roof, in an atmosphere
of stillness and gloom, Palms, Ferns, Orchids, and
numerous other tropical plants, grew in the greatest
luxuriance, which, with the proverbial solitude of the
place, and when viewed from the elevated platform,,
gave the idea of a ravine in a tropical forest.

To judge by the above examples of Kew and Hack-
ney, it appears that fruits and plants were successfully

CULTIVATION.

371

grown under roofs very different in appearance from
the elegant clear glass roofs of the present day>
which, nevertheless, necessitates some kind of invention
for temporary shading in summer; but it is to be
hoped this will be superseded by further improvements.
Double glazing is now spoken of as answering the
twofold purpose of saving shading and fuel; but as
there appear to be different opinions on its merits,
further experience is therefore desirable before it can
be safely recommended.

With regard to watering, it is difficult to explain in
words, or laydown a rule, what constitutes the extremes
of dry and wet soil in a flower-pot, feeling is perhaps the
best guide ; if, on taking a pinch of soil between the
finger and thumb, the particles will not adhere, then it
is too dry ; if it adheres, and falls like a dry wafer, then
the plant is not in immediate want of water ; but, on the
contrary, should the soil stick to the fingers like a wet
wafer, then the whole is in a bad condition, and should
the plant be weakly, it will get worse if allowed to
remain in the sodden soil; for the correctness of this test
care must be taken not to be deceived by the surface-
soil, for it may be either dry or wet, and the contrary
lower down. Another test of the state of soil is to
give the side of the pot a smart tap with a hard piece
of wood ; should the sound be hollow, with a little
tone, then the ball is dry ; if, on the contrary, there
is only the dull sound of the tap, without any tone,
then the ball is moist and tight in the pot. To those
in the habit of watering the same plants for a length-
ened time, this test is of service, but it must not
altogether be depended upon. The quality of the
water has great effect on the health of the plants.

2 p 2

372

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

It should always be soft, or, if hard, should be aerated
in open tanks ; rain-water is best, but if collected
from the roofs of hothouses, care must be taken that it
does not become impure by the decomposition of the
paint and putty, which is of frequent occurrence, and
in time it so impregnates the water as to cover the
foliage of the plants, when often syringed, with a thin
film, that gives them a dull look ; care should also
be taken that the temperature of the water should not
be less than 50°, especially in winter. Syringing is
made an operation of great importance in guide-
books on cultivation, and is readily accepted by the
unskilled amateur as necessary, and being amusing,
is often carried out in the extreme, to the injury of
the plants. An amateur remarked not long ago,
“ Now we have got such a nice lady's syringe, it is
quite a delight to use it.” Another remarked, “ I
every day regularly water, syringe, and sponge my pet
Adiantums, but with all my attention they are getting
of a brown colour, surely your plants (at Kew) must
have great attention to keep them so green.” The
lady syringer is told that many of the plants before her
have been in the same pots for several years, and that
they get water when dry, and are never syringed
or sponged, unless for removing insects when they
appear.

From what has now been stated, an amateur’s
successful cultivation of Ferns simply depends on
proper soil and potting, careful watering, placing in a
quiet, moist atmosphere, keeping down temperature in
summer by shading, and to avoid currents of dry ah,
and in winter to maintain the proper temperature,
according to the nature of the plants, by means of

CULTIVATION.

373

hot-water pipes. For the latter purpose, in small
houses, temporary stoves of gas and charcoal are used,
often to the utter destruction of the plants.

To assist in maintaining a moist atmosphere besides
the usual moist surfaces of the pots, it is desirable
to have water-troughs on the top of the hot-water
pipes, as also to place pans of water on or near the
pipes ; also in hot weather, the paths and other
evaporating surfaces should be wetted every morning
and evening. An occasional syringing may be given,
which should be done when the out-door air is charged
with vapour; wetting plants when the air is dry
causes a sudden evaporation, and a reduction of
temperature on the surface of the frond is the con-
sequence. This is especially the case with broad,
smooth, glossy species, such as the genera Phymatodes ,
Neottojpteris, Asplenium, Diplazium, &c. ; occasionally
the whole of some fronds or part of a frond becomes
black. In order to raise vapour, a practice prevails
with many cultivators to throw water over the hot-water
pipes (or flues) ; there is no objection to this, pro-
viding the air out of doors is warm, but in the winter
season it is often done in the evening, in order to
counteract the dryness of the air, caused by the extra
heat of the pipes required at that season ; the house then
becomes filled with hot vapour, which coming in
contact with the glass of the roof condenses and falls
in a shower of cold drops on the plant ; at the same
time the temperature of the house rapidly falls, thus
causing black fronds, spots in orchids, and such-like
complaints.

Ferns, like other plants, are liable to be more or
less infested with insects; the soft membraneous kinds

374

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

being the most subject, while, on the contrary, the
smooth-fronded kinds, such as the whole of the
division of Eremobrya, Elaphoglossum, &c., are, it
may be said, quite exempt. The mealy bug, three
kinds of scale, and thrips, are the chief pests, and
should be carefully watched. The oblong brown
scale is generally the most common, and very quickly
overruns the under side of the frond, forming lines
along the midribs. Many kinds of fluid mix-
tures, powders, and other nostrums, have from time
to time been advertised for their destruction, but it
too often happens what kills insects also injures the
plant, and makes it look unsightly. Fumigation
with tobacco is the grand preventive against the
breeding of plant-insects ; very slight fumigation
destroys the winged male insect of all the Coccos
family, and if frequently repeated, the whole in time
will become extinct. When the mealy bug gets a
head, it is readily got rid of by syringing; not so
the scale, it requires to be loosened with a soft
brush, or blunt-pointed peg, which, if the weather
permit, should be done out of doors, and the plant
afterwards syringed, so as to clear away all loose scale
and eggs. Scale insects are adherers and suckers
only ; not so the less conspicuous insect the thrip,
which is a small, slender, black, shining insect, with
large prominent eyes, and quick in its movements,
herding in groups, generally on the under side of
the frond, voraciously feeding on the cuticle, which
they soon destroy, permanent injury being often done
without any indication of their presence till too late ;
they must, therefore, be carefully watched, and, when
seen, at once destroyed by pinching with the fingers.

CULTIVATION.

375

and syringing the plant. They are generally found
on species of Adiantum, Pellcea, Platyloma, Doryo-
pteris, Hemionites cordlfolia, and other genera having
fronds of a smooth, chestnut-brown colour. Within
the last twenty years a small, white-winged insect, like
.a midge, has made its appearance (supposed to have
been first introduced with imported plants to Kew).
They congregate on the under side of the fronds, and,
when the plant is moved, dart off like a flock of
white pigeons. At first it was supposed to be harm-
less ; but such is not the case, as it has been found
to feed on the cuticle like thrips ; but they are not so
•easily caught. Repeated tobacco fumigation destroys
it.* Red spider seldom attack Ferns ; when such is
the case, it is a sure sign that the air of the house
is too dry.

Few plant-houses are exempt from the well-known
cockroach, which when once introduced is one of the
greatest of pests. They increase and multiply most
rapidly, and are most voracious feeders, eating and
gnawing the fronds of Ferns, old and young, often
■completely in one night spoiling fine plants ; there-
fore war in all its forms must be waged against
them. They are night marauders, hiding and breed-
ing in crevices of masonry in dark places, generally
near the furnaces, or hottest parts of the heating-pipes,
.and are even found lurking amongst the drainage, in
large pots, from which they issue at dusk to commence
their ravages. Many expedients are resorted to for
their destruction, such as attacking them in their day

* This insect has been described and figured in the
■Gardeners’ Chronicle, of 1856, by Mr. Westwood, uuder the
name of Aleyrodes vaporariorum.

376

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

abode, by the appliance of boiling-water, sulphur
fumes, or exploding gunpowder : when such agents
can be used, they deal with them quickly and whole-
sale. Various kinds of traps are used, which, with
poison, will, if daily attended to, completely extirpate
them. But it must be borne in mind that, although the
whole, old and young, may be got rid of in the course
of a fortnight by poison — the effect of which is
greatly increased by the living eating the poisoned
dead, — eggs are however left, which will soon pro-
duce a new generation that must not be allowed to
arrive at maturity.

Under the ordinary varying atmosphere of hot-
houses, insects seem not to be affected, for if their
extirpation is not attended to, they will be found in
more or less abundance all the year. Not so the
sooty mildew,* a fungus covering the upper surface
of the leaves of plants with a black, sooty coat, and
for their sudden appearance, like that of the grape
mildew, the potato disease, and other sporadic
plagues, no satisfactory causes have as yet been
assigned. The pest now under consideration may be
called one of these plagues ; in some years it is not
seen, while in another it soon overruns and quickly
covers Ferns, and other plants, in hothouses. The
broad-fronded species of Aspidium, Meniscium, Gonio-
pteris, Angiopteris, &c., are very subject to its attacks.
Books on mycology name and describe these pests,,
but not how to prevent them ; and books on horti-
culture instruct how to get rid of them ; the principle
of which seems to be dusting with sulphur, washing.

Fumago foliorum, Fries.

CULTIVATION.

377

and syringing, the latter being the only remedy for
the black mildew.

This concludes my observations on pot-cultivation,
and in order to save repetition, it must be understood
that the process as regards soil, watering, airing, &c.>
is equally applicable to natural cultivation, which I
now proceed to describe.

HE natural cultivation of Ferns consists in growing

them without the aid of garden-pots. This is

accomplished by placing them, as far as artificial
appliances will permit, under conditions and influences
analogous to that of their native wilds ; for that
purpose uneven irregular surfaces are best adapted,
whether natural or artificially formed ; and as FerUs-
are generally called rock-plants, which many truly are,
therefore, in order to imitate rocks, the surface on
which they are grown is made irregular and covered
with rude stones, on or between which the Ferns are
planted; hence the term Rockery is applied to this
kind of cultivation.

For all species of Ferns, either hardy or tender,
this system of culture, which admits of them being
planted out, is far preferable, to whatever extent it
may be desirable to practise it, whether in the sheltered
nook, in the open air, or in stoves or greenhouses,
either partially or entirely devoted to it. For by it is
the finest health imparted to the plants. The rockery
bank which once occupied the Temperate Fern House
at Kew, together with the fine fronds of tropical species
grown on rockery in the Palm House, afforded excellent

III. Natural Cultivation.

■378

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

examples of the superiority of this mode of growing
plants over that of pot culture; by proper arrange-
ment from ordinary level positions, their delicate hue
and elegant form of outline may be seen to much
greater advantage, as the upper surfaces of their
fronds are generally presented to the eye more fully.
And where this system is largely carried out, if a
raised platform or footway be erected considerably
above them, the advantage is still greater. The great
beneficial influence this system has on the plant is
mainly consequent on the more uniformly moist at-
mosphere, so congenial to all Ferns, which can be
successfully maintained from the great extent of the
more natural evaporating surface of the soil, and ma-
terial, with which the rockery is composed ; and as they
are allowed to establish themselves at freedom in it,
there is a similar uniformity of temperature at the
root, as well as of moisture. As is well known, in
large masses of earthy and other solid material, its
temperature does not fluctuate with that of the house,
at least, as in the case with ordinary-sized pots of soil,
where the absorption and radiation of the heat takes
place so much more rapidly. It may further be men-
tioned, that, in a house entirely devoted to the cul-
tivation of Ferns under this system, its evaporating
surface does not wholly consist of the principal mass of
material composing the rockwork; there is the large
extent of wall-surface, which, if properly constructed
with rough and absorbent material, is continually
giving off its moisture, besides, from that reason,
affording an excellent opportunity for Ferns of more
•or less scandent habit to assume their native character
in luxuriant profusion, by growing on it as on natural

CULTIVATION.

379

rocks. As regards the design of any structure in-
tended to be wholly or partially devoted to the culti-
vation of Ferns, it is of course a good deal a matter
of taste and convenience, as the system is available
in almost any kind of structure, large or small, but
varying in the degree of economy in its construction.

To this end, the first consideration should be to
construct in a manner that will insure the necessary
amount of shade and moisture and (when required)
heat, with as little auxiliary assistance as possible.
Therefore if a lean-to house be adopted, the aspect
should be west or north-west, with the back consisting
entirely of wall. Should a span-roofed structure, how-
ever, be preferred, which indeed for all purposes is
much the best (and which will be here treated of as
a general example), its aspect should be north and
south, by which a shadier and consequently a moister
side of the house will be obtained, suitable for Ferns
of more or less delicate structure, such as the genera
Trichomanes and Hymcnophyllum. A sunk house, in
the manner of a ditch or railway-cutting, is most
suitable, and will give ample height for the growth
of Tree Ferns, without the necessity of having high
side walls, and thus exposing a lessened portion of
the house's surface to the action of climatic vicissitude;
consequently a warm moist atmosphei’e may be main-
tained with but little assistance from artificial heat.
As a source of heat the hot-water apparatus is to be
preferred, on account of its economic utility, and
where practicable the pipes should be hidden as much
ns possible with the rockery material. Perkins’s sys-
tem of heating is perhaps the best for a house of this
kind ; it consists of coils of small pipe, which can be

380

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

arranged in any part of the house, and are readily
detached and again fixed at another point when found
necessary. The first deposit for the rockery should
be rough and somewhat absorbent, such as irregular
brickbats, masses of stone, loosely disposed to admit
of a ready dissemination of the heat amongst its
parts, and then follow with the material proper.
Apertures for the escape of the heat should be con-
structed at frequent intervals, drain-pipes being very
suitable for this purpose, which, by the mass being kept
properly moist, will allow the heated air to circulate
in a congenial steamy condition throughout the house.

In the design and arrangement of the principal
mass of material composing the rockwork, it is, as in
the design of the house, a good deal a matter of taste
and convenience as regards size; whether in repre-
senting in miniature a rugged mountain side, or deep
glen, with its clear pool, reflecting the elegant forms
of the Ferns growing near it; or may be a miniature
valley, with undulating surfaces gradually rising on
either side, with projecting rocks. There are nu-
merous kinds of material more or less suitable for
constructing a rockeiy either indoors or out, and but
a few localities where some of these may not be easily
procured. The chief desideratum is to have such that
is of porous consistence, and generally with rough
and ragged surfaces. It is useless to be particular in
the selection of various kinds of stone on account ot
their fine quality, either in texture or colour ; for where
Ferns properly thrive all such will be speedily obscured
by their luxuriant growth ; consequently any brick-
field affords very good material that would contribute
largely in the general structure, in the way of con-

CULTIVATION.

381

glomerated masses of brick, or bricks artificially
amassed with Portland cement to form miniature
rocks, rugged cones, rough pillars, or perpendicular
surfaces. However, when procurable, the absorbent
and roughly quarried soft stone should enter largely into
the composition of the rockery, as it is pre-eminently
useful, not only in contributing so largely to the
natural appearance of the whole, but, when the more
delicate members of the Fern family of creeping habit
are grown, it is invaluable in affording a moist surface
for their tender rhizomes to cling to. It is seldom
that wood of any kind is found of much use, as it is
so soon reduced by decomposition, and fungi produced
in contaminating profusion. The soil to be used in
the rockery-house should be selected and applied
according to the principle already given in pot-
culture. The style of the Fem-rockery having been
decided on and executed accordingly, the next step
will be to arrange the plants about it ; and to carry this
out satisfactorily is not the least difficult part of the
whole undertaking, as it is not only essential to provide
positions for each individual plant, but such that
will prevent any injurious interference of its neighbour,
either by foliage or root.

Should the roof require support (and if not, should
it be consistent with elegance and regularity), pillars
composed of rough porous stone or brickwork may
be constructed, and, if admissible, united above as
archings, which, when clothed with the luxuriant
foliage of scandent and pendulous Ferns, intermixed
with the broad foliage of creeping Aroidece, growing
from their crevices and recesses, would greatly enhance
the beauty of the whole, and give a most accurate and

382

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

durable example of tlie manner in which many species
of Ferns and Aroiclece clotlie tlie trunks of trees in
tropical forests; also several species of epiphytal
woody plants may be introduced with good effect,
such as Tanoecium parasiticum , Marcgravia umbellata,
Norantca coccinea, Soyas, and other creepers not
subject to be infested with insects. The species of
Phymatodes, Pleopeltis, Davallia, and several allied
genera, as also Polybotrya an d $Zenoc7t Zmn a, will luxuriate
over the moist surfaces and form a compact mass ; and,
if planted near the wall, direct their rhizomes upwards,
and the plants will quickly assume a most elegant
appearance. The grand and beautiful Schellolepis
verrucosa, and its allies, should be placed in elevated
positions, as their fronds are long and pendulous.
Elevated positions will also be found for the species of
Platy cerium, the grand Drynaria Seraclea, and S. coro-
nans : the latter is remarkable in its thick rhizome,
progressing in a circular direction round trees, which,
with the erect, broad, rigid fronds, gives the idea of a
coronet or crown; this circular direction appears to
be normal. A fine plant at Kew, in the course of eight
years, grown in a shallow pot, formed a circle more
than a foot in diameter. For that portion of the
terrestrial group composed of stronger growing spe-
cies, such as Pliegopterideoe, Pteridece, Asplenieoe, &c.,
for which firmer soil is necessary, the ordinary surfaces
of the rockery offer most suitable positions, arranged
there in a manner as their sizes indicate, so as to be
in harmony with those of smaller size around them.
It is perhaps essential to note that the Gymnogramma,
Clieilanthes, and their allies, require a place in the
F ernery, the lightest and best drained ; therefore

CULTIVATION.

383.

the higher part of the rockery is best suited for them.
In such a Fernery as this now before the mind’s eye,,
convenient positions, in the form of dripping crypts
and recesses, may be provided for the delicately beau-
tiful and easily grown Trichomanes and 1 lymenojahyllum,
without the aid of glass cases that are necessarily
used, as already explained, under pot-culture.

Where Tree Ferns would be grown, the proper
situation for them is the lowest part of the house, in
the valley, where the greatest head-room would be
obtained, and most constant shade and moisture about
their stems, which will encourage the essential growth
of the aerial out-grown roots. The path in the valley
may be straight or winding between the Tree Ferns,
the intervening spaces to consist of raised mounds or
hillocks, to be planted with the smaller kinds of Tree
Ferns and other large-fronded Ferns. The different
species of Selaginella should occupy the intervening*
spaces between the plants, which will add greatly to
the natural appearance of the whole and assist in pro-
moting a genial atmosphere.

To whatever extent a house of this nature may be
carried for tropical Ferns, the same must be allowed
for the extra-tropical kinds, and being sunk, the
necessary amount of heating power required will be
just sufficient to keep out frost. Keeping the house
shut during the winter season, so as to maintain a
quiet, still atmosphere, greatly assists in repelling
frost, indeed for such houses ventilation is only
necessary to keep down high temperature during
summer; free admission is, however, beneficial when the
external air is still and moist, when even the tropical
division may be freely left open during the nights of

384

FERNS : BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

summer, but taking care to prevent currents of dry air.

I have now stated tbe chief points to be observed
in forming and arranging an indoor natural Fernery,
tbe principles of which are capable of application to
houses of the ordinary construction and usual average
size, or to any extent that means will allow ; even to
realize the grand idea of the celebrated Loudon, who,
more than thirty years ago, speaking in favour of span-
roofs, said, “ There would be no difficulty in covering
fen acres of Kew Gardens with glass by a series of
span-roofs/’ Although since then much has been
done at Kew, by the erection of lofty plant-houses,
still the area covered falls far short of ten acres ; but
as natural cultivation is now patronized, and with
the improving age and desire for novelty, let us hope
that the time is not far distant when Kew may have
at least one acre converted into a straight or winding
Fern-valley covered with glass, the highest part not
to exceed thirty or thirty-five feet above the centre of
the valley, that being sufficient height for such Tree
Ferns as may perchance withstand the vicissitudes of
thirtv years careful treatment.

In a house of this kind, furnished with means of
maintaining a temperature of 60 in the coldest weather,
situations in it would be found suitable to the good
growth of not only Ferns and Aroideoe, but also
Bromeliacece, Orchids , and other kinds of plants of an
epiphytal nature.

For an open-air Fernery a sheltered situation should
be chosen, and if possible within the influence of
shelter and shade, but not under trees ; a sloping bank,
a natural or artificial hollow, such as an old gravel-pit
or sunk fence, may be turned to good account. The

CULTIVATION.

385

number of species of exotic Ferns sufficiently hardy
to bear the cold of our winters is very limited, much
less than is generally believed, the chief of them
being natives of North America, which, with the
British species, amount to about 80 in all; therefore
the extent of space required for a simple collection of
hardy Ferns is small; an area of 60 feet by 10 will be
ample, and which may be either on the side of a slope,
or between two slopes with a path in the centre and
open at one end only ; or it may be a raised oblong
mound with a path all around it. If not confined to
a strictly scientific collection, and space to be had, an
interesting natural glen may be formed by introducing
other plants conspicuous for their large foliage.

It has been already stated, that although our small-
growing native and several exotic species, such as the
rock Asplenice, Woodsia, &c., endure the extremes of
heat and cold in their native localities, they neverthe-
less suffer by full exposure under artificial cultivation ;
it is therefore necessary to jilant them on the rockery,
so that they can readily be protected in winter; an
inverted flower-pot, placed over each plant and covered
with leaves, or some loose material analogous to the
covering of snow of their native country, is a good
protection against being injured by excess of moisture
or severe cold. Where the rockery is to be carried
out on a large scale, then oaves and chasms may readily
be constructed, and with a natural or artificial head of
water they can be kept moist by the constant drop-
ping and spreading spray; thus making appropriate
positions for the natural growth of Adiantum Cappilus,
Hi/menophyllece, &c. But when a full collection of the
many varieties of Sculopendrium, Axplenium, Lomaria,

2 c

386

TERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

&c., are grown, then a pit, or frame with glazed sashes,
is the most convenient mode of keeping them. The
width of the pit should not exceed 5 feet, 3 feet or
more high at the hack, to slope to about a foot at
front, its length regulated according to the number
of plants. They may be either grown in pots,
arranged to slope to the front, or a bank may be
formed with small rockery stones, neatly arranged
with the plants between them, and if the mason work
for the frame or pit is contrived to be hidden, the
whole will then be in character with the general
rockery. By this an interesting little bank may be
formed, and by proper ai*rangement of the plants the
variety lover can at a glance see the difference that
marks one favourite from another. The glass pro-
tection will stimulate the plants into early growth, and
finer fronds will be made, but care must be taken not
to expose the young fronds to the harsh drying winds
of spring, or late frosts, which often do great injury
to out of door Ferns; by midsummer, the glass sashes
may be entirely removed, due attention being paid to
watering and shading.

If the soil and subsoil of the situation chosen for a
hardy Fernery is stiff and retentive of moisture, and
the neighbouring trees, walls, &c., are clothed with
Musci aud Lichens , it is favourable for Ferns without
the aid of much rockery ; but if the soil is light and
sandy, then rockery is most essential for retaining
moisture, not only for Ferns, but also all kinds of
small herbaceous plants. Formerly there were great
masses of rockery in the Botanic Garden at Kew, but
modern taste has swept the whole away, which, with
the removal of trees, walls, and old shi’ubberies, has

CULTIVATION.

387

caused tlie garden to become drier, as is manifested
by tbe disappearance of above nearly forty species of
Mosses, Hepaticce, and Lichens; tbe effects of this, with
other causes, liave been hurtful to the hardy Fern col-
lections. In forming a new rockery, after the plants
have become once established, as few changes should
take place as possible, either with the plants or stones
on which Mitsci should be encouraged to grow ; and
in order to give a decorative effect, Sedums, Sempcr-
vivums, Saxifrages, &c., may be placed on the pro-
jections and shelvings of the stones, the whole bordered
by a line of spring-flowering plants, such as Iberis
sempervirens, Alyssum saxatile, Arabis alpina, and
other plants of that nature.

It may be also mentioned that the vicinity of water
is a favourable position for a Fernery; where such
does not already exist, an artificial piece of water
should be made in conjunction with the rockery,
varying in size from a small basin to any extent : it
may be circular, oblong, straight, or winding, with
irregular projections. In ordinary cases its width need
not exceed ten to twelve feet ; its margin should con-
sist of a bog or border, not less than three feet wide,
having a slope to the edge of the water. This border
will afford the means of growing a great many curious
sub-aquatic and bog plants, and the projections will
be excellent positions for the different species of
Osmunda ; water-lilies occupying the centre.

The want of such a rockery and aquarium has been
much felt at Kew; for with all the great cost for
lakes, ponds, and water-works, yet no arrangement
has been made for growing a scientific collection of
bog and aquatic plants, either hardy or tropical.

2 c 2

388

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

IV. Cultivation of Ferns in Ward’s Cases.

IT is now thirty years since 1 was invited by Dr.

Ward to visit him at his house in Wellclose
Square, for the purpose of seeing plants growing
in cases and glass jars, so closed as to be considered
air-tight. Knowing, as I did, the common practice
of growing plants under hand and bell-glasses, I
therefore could not appreciate what I had gone to see
until I was made aware that the plant-loving residents
of such smoky and soot-falling districts of the metro-
polis, as that of Wellclose Square, could grow rare
and delicate plants equal to those at Kew. An
account of this method of growing plants appeared in
the Companion to the Botanical Magazine for 1836, and
in April, 1838, the celebrated philosopher Mr. Faraday
delivered a lecture at the Koyal Institution on the
subject, which may be considered as the advent and
introduction of Wardian cases, under which a large
portion, and decidedly the most beautiful of the
Fern family, are now successfully cultivated in the
sitting-rooms of the town-confined lovers of natural
objects. In 1842 Dr. Ward published a small work
on the subject, giving a history and details of manage-
ment, which renders it unnecessary for me to say more
regarding the early history of Ward’s cases. The
principle on which the system is founded, consists
simply in shutting up air in glass cases, in such a
manner that it is not readily influenced by changes
of the external atmosphere. The case also contains
several inches depth of moist earth, that gives off

CULTIVATION.

389

moisture to the absorbent, undisturbed air above it,
which becomes more or less saturated, as dependent
upon changes of temperature, and thus becomes
proper for the growth of plants.

The case may be constructed of any shape or size,
according to taste or means ; it can be square or
round, an octagon or hexagon; the roof may be a dome,
span, or sloping, but by all means avoid a flat one ;
and be the shape whatever it may, the design should
in every point be neat, and not of such an ornamental
description as to be more attractive than the plants.
A very good, interesting collection may be grown
in one 3 ft. long by II ft. in width, and 2 1 feet high;
it will have the best appearance if the sides are con-
structed with single squares of glass ; but if divided,
it must not be into more than three, as many
divisions spoil the effect ; the ends should be made
to open, to enable any dressing or removing of old
fronds to be done conveniently, and a small piece of
perforated zinc should be inserted in the apex of the
roof at each end, which will assist in preventing the
almost universal complaint, that the plants cannot be
seen for condensed water on the inside of the glass ;
this is caused by the variation of temperature. If
the case stands in the sun or becomes warm inside
during the day, and retains the heat, whilst the
temperature of the room may fall considerably during
the night, the cold air, acting upon the glass, con-
denses the warmer vapour inside and obscures the
plants. By the introduction of the above-named
remedy the temperature is more equally balanced,
and the plants are always to be clearly seen. Should
the air outside become very hot and dry, it will be

390

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

advisable to close the ventilators for a short time
during* the day. The glass case should be entirely in-
dependent of the soil-box, but to fit the inside, resting*
in a groove or rabbet. The box should be about 6 in.
deep, and may be made of zinc, brass, or wood lined
with gutta-percha or zinc ; but metal of any kind in
contact with the earth or air in which plants are-
grown is not genial to either their roots or foliage.

I have always found the plants succeed best in a
neatly-made wooden box lined with pitch, having-
a small tap or cock in one corner of the bottom, for
letting away any excess of water ; but this will not
be necessary if proper attention is observed in
supplying the plants with a sufficient amount of
water at one time, which, in consequence of little or
no evaporation taking place, will be seldom required.
This knowledge can only be gained by practice
many amateurs’ failures with Ward’s cases being
caused mostly by giving too copious waterings at
certain stated intervals.

The height of the stand must be regulated accord-
ing to whether the plants are to be viewed in a
sitting or standing position ; for the former the
ordinary height of a table is a sufficient guide, and
for the latter a few inches higher, so that the plants
can be seen through the side glass rather than from
the top. In preparing the box for the plants, about
one inch of its depth should be filled with sand or
other drainage material, such as is already explained
in pot-culture — but in Ward’s cases this is only
necessary as a precaution against an over- supply of
water, — the rest filled with soil, which should be good
fibry peat and silver sand, intermixed with pieces of

CULTIVATION.

391

sandstone broken small, or (if peat cannot be pro-
cured) good light loam. Having proceeded so far,
two systems of planting the case present themselves.
The first plan is to plant in the soil, which should be
raised in the centre ; the number of plants will
depend on the size of the box, and care must be
taken not to plant them in too crowded a manner,
the distance apart depending on the size and nature
of the plants, but in no case should they be closer
than six inches. The second method is to have the
plants established in 4 to 6-inch pots, plunging them
in the soil sufficiently deep to hide the rims of the
pots. The last system has one decided advantage,
namely, should a plant die or does not succeed, it can
be removed and replaced -without disturbing its
neighbour. It must be understood that the above
mode of planting relates to plants with erect verna-
tion only, but those with creeping rhizomes, that form
csespitose tufts, require to be planted each on a
separately raised hillock, of which, if the case is large,
there may be a series, and for the creeping Hymeno-
phylla lumps of porous stone are very suitable ; fine
patches may be obtained in this way, not only of
Hymenophylla, but also of the smaller species of
Nipliobolus, Ancipeltls , the beautiful Humata pinnati-
fida , Davallia pentaphylla, and others of like habit.
After the Ferns are planted, some small-growing-
Selacjinella, such as S. apus, may be pricked in over
the surface of the soil, in pieces a few inches apart,
which will soon cover it, and give to the whole a neat
and finished appearance, and also materially assist
in maintaining the proper state of moisture in the air
of the case and about the plants. The planting being-

392

FERN'S: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

now completed, the soil must be brought to a uni-
form state of moisture ; this is best accomplished by
two or three moderate waterings at intervals of half
an hour, and when thoroughly drained, the case may
be closed and placed in position. To make cases,
ornamental pieces of marble, shells, &c., are often
introduced ; but this should not be tolerated, as they
do not harmonize with the occupants of such a
structure.

For HymenopJtylla it is necessary they should be
sprinkled overhead occasionally ; to enable this to be
done, the tops of all small cases should be moveable,
and in large ones a hinged pane is required. A
sponge, or small thumb-pots filled with water and
placed out of sight, will greatly assist in keeping a
moist atmosphere, which is so essential for the health
of these filmy-leaved plants. If the cases stand in a
room where a fire is regularly kept in the winter, a
great many tropical species may be grown, and in
situations where they stand exposed, such as balcony
windows, halls, &c\, care must be taken, as winter
approaches, that the soil does not become frozen,
such being very detrimental to even the hardiest
Ferns. Hot bricks and bottles filled with hot
water have been resorted to as a preventive against
frost, as also for maintaining a proper temperature
for tropical species ; but unless the bottom of the
case is constructed for that purpose, and arrangements
made for this mode of heating, to be strictly and
regularly attended to, it had better be dispensed with.
Should the case be exposed to the direct rays of the
sun during the summer, it must be shaded, and
care taken that the temperature inside does not

CULTIVATION.

393

become too high; it should not exceed 70°. This
will be much assisted by placing the shading material
at some distance from the case. Subjoined is a list of
species suitable for cases of ordinary dimensions ; it
must, however, be understood that a Ward’s case may
consist of a bell-glass, containing a single plant, up
to a shut-in window, or area covered with glass, where
larger-fronded species may be grown.

Humata heterophylla.
Davallia bullata.

pentaphylla.

Canariensis.

Leucostegia hirsuta.

ckaerophylla.

pulchella.

Polypodium pectinatum.

Schkuhrii.

Lepicystis sepulta.

squamata.

rhagadiolepis.

Goniophlebium appendicu-
latum.

Lopbolepis piloselloides.
Anapeltis stigmatica.
Pleopeltis nuda.

Niphopsis angustatus.
Drymoglossum piloselloides.
Hymenolepis spicata.
Phymatodes longipes.

glauca.

Pleuridium juglandifolium.

venustum.

Selliguea caudiformis.
Niphobolus Lingua.

Drynaria propinqua.
Elaphoglossum piloselloides.

vestitum.

Hymenodium crinitum.
Ilhipidopteris peltata.

Microstapbyla bifurcata.
Psomiocarpa apiifolia.
Stenosemia aurita.

; Gymnopteris quercifolia.
Platycerium alcicorne.
Xiphopteris serrulata.
Gymnogramma tomentosa.

Calomelanos.

Martensii.

chrysophylla.

Peruviana, var. argyro-

phylla.

pulchella.

Llavea cordifolia.

Hemionitis palmata.

cordifolia.

Dictyoxipliium Panamense.
Ceratopteris thalictroides.
Meniscium simplex.
Goniopteris asplenioidcs.
Nephrodium molle.
Cyrtomium falcatum.
Fadyenia prolifera.

Aspidium Pica.

Hypodcrris Bi-ownii.
Trichiocarpa Moorii.
Polystichum mucronatum.

Lonchitis.

triangulum.

anomalum.

denticulatum.

394

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Lastrea elegans.

concinna.

strigosa.

vestita.

podophylla.

erytbrosorum.

Mexicana.

aemnla.

glabella.

Shepberdi.

birta.

sancta.

bispida.

deparioides.

Woodsia hyperborea.

polysticboides.

mollis.

Artbropteris albo-punctata.
Nepbrolepis pectinata.
Notholasna bracbypus.

triebomanoides.

Marantae.

sinuata.

sulphurea.

Myriopteris lendigera.

myriophylla.

elegans.

tomentosa.

vestita.

birta.

Cheilantbes viscosa.

fragrans.

tenuifolia.

micropbylla.

Alabamensis.

multifida.

argentea.

farinosa.

pulveracea.

capensis.

• radiata.

— ■ — pedatn.

| Cincinalis nivea.

fiavens.

pulchella.

Pelltea geraniifolia.

I intramarginalis.

I hastata.

atropurpurea.

Calomelanos.

ternifolia.

cordata.

Platyloma Brownii.

Adiantum reniforme.

caudatum.

lucidum.

macropbylluni.

villosum.

pulverulentum, var.

rigidum.

fovearum.

cnrvatum.

affine.

formosum.

hispidulum.

setulosum.

fulvum.

tenerum.

sulphureum.

Cbilense.

Capillus.

AEtbiopicum.

Onychium Japonicum.

auratum.

Pteris Cretica, var. albo-
lineata.

longifolia.

— — crenata.

heterophylla.

semipinnata.

argyrea.

tricolor.

scaberula.

Litobrochia denticulata.

CULTIVATION.

395

Litobrochia leptopliylla.
Doryopteris sagittifolia.

pedata.

collina.

Blechnum Lanceola.

cognatum.

occidentale.

longifolium.

campylotis.

Doodia blechnoides.

caudata.

Lomaria Patersoni.

lanceolata.

L’Herminieri.

Asplenium Hemionitis.

altera ans.

formosum.

Brasiliense.

tenellum.

erectum.

marinum.

firmum.

obtusatum.

bracbypteron.

Belangeri.

Asplenium viviparium. ■

viride.

fontanum.

flabellifolium.

pinnatifidum.

macilentum.

fragrans.

Diplazium Zeylanicum.
Antigramma rliizophylla.
Odontosoria tenuifolia.
Microlepia cristata.
Gleichenia dicarpa.

rupestris.

alpina.

speluncae.

Hymenopliyllum species.
Tricbomanes species.

Feea spicata.

Lygodium palmatum.
Anemia tomentosa.

fulva.

adiantifolia.

Anemidictyon Phyllitidis.
Moliria thurifraga.

Todea hymenophylloides.

V. Propagation of Ferns.

THERE is considerable variety in the way in which.

Ferns reproduce themselves, and we only aid
nature when we attempt to increase any particular
species; such is usually effected, and certainly most
numerously, by sowing their spores or seeds, as com-
monly called, which are contained in cases, as already
explained at page 51 ; they consist of atomic particles,
which, under favourable conditions as regards light.

396

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

can be seeD discharging from the spore-cases like
puffs of smoke ; therefore Fern seed is said to be in-
visible, and to have the power of rendering persons
invisible. “ I have the receipt of Fern seed and walk
invisible.”* Be that as it may, each particle is by the
aid of the microscope seen to have definite forms vary-
ing in different genera, being globose, oval, or angu-
lar, smooth, plain, striated, or echinate, presenting
very beautiful microscopic objects. Although these
spores (see plate I.) are so small, they nevertheless are
endowed with an extraordinary power of retaining
then- vitality ; and being easily wafted by currents
of air, readily account for the wide geographical
range of many species of Ferns. When naturally or
artificially placed under favourable conditions, the
spore vegetates by expanding in the form of a simple
oblong cell, from which other cells are successively
produced, ultimately forming a thin green membrane,
called the Prothallium, which lies nearly flat, and by
the aid of fine spongioles attaches itself to the surface,
and when arrived at full size it is of a reniform
cordate shape, or sometimes bilobed, or obcordate,
varying from about j to 1 inch in diameter, having
much the appearance of a small foliaceous lichen. But
before proceeding to describe the method of sowing
and rearing, it is important that the seed sower should
be made acquainted with the remarkable discovery
made, in 1848, by Count Leszczyc Suminski, that Ferns
possessed organs analogous to stamens and pistils of
flowering plants, and that these were produced on the
Prothallium. In the progress of growth peculiar cells

* Shakespeare.

CULTIVATION.

397

are formed on its under surface, of two kinds, one
called Antheridia, and tlie other Archegonia ; the first
(of which there are generally between 30 and 40) con-
taining round cells, called sperm cells, which contain
vermicular spermatozoids that issue from the cells
when arrived at maturity. The cells of the Archegonia
differ considerably in their structure from the Anthe-
ridia; they contain an embryonal sac, which at a certain
period protrudes from the cell, and with which the
moving spermatozoids are said to come in contact, and
thus produce fertilization ; soon after this the embryo
sac is changed, a bud is formed, and ultimately a young
Fern Plant is gradually developed, and in time the
Prothallium decays. This singular phenomenon excited
considerable interest, and has been carefully inves-
tigated by the late Professor Henfrey and other
eminent microscopists.*

Although the above is only an outline of the prin-
cipal points of this curious subject, yet it will be suffi-
cient to draw the attention of Fern seed sowers to the
subject, and materially assist them in understand-
ing, and arriving at the cause of the many anomalies
in the good and ill success attending the raising of
Ferns from seed. Much has, however, yet to be
investigated before any rule can be arrived at ; such as
why the Desmobry a division does, as a general rule, pro-
duce plants from seed in the greatest abundance, even
to some species becoming the weeds of the hothouse;
while, on the other hand, those of the division Eremo-
brya are comparatively few, and may be considered
the exception and barrenness of this rule. The differ-

* Henfrey, in Linncean Transactions, vol. xxi. 1853.

o98

TERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ence in tlie fertility of tlie spores of tlicse two divi-
sions is very remarkable; this is, it must be remembered,
as found with the plants under cultivation, and as with
many true Ferns we find, from experience, the spores
of the latter seldom germinate in less than eighteen
months after having been sown. On the contrary, in
the Dcsmobrya group, many require but two or three
weeks, and occasionally certain species of Gymno-
gramma and Gheilanthes will germinate in as many
days. From the irregularity, however, in this respect
it is in a great measure governed by the state of, and
conditions which surround, the seed ; from repeated
trials with spores of Brained insignis, Prothallia were
produced in forty-eight hours. Consequent on this
irregularity, it is impossible to state what time of the
year is most suitable for sowing to ensure success,
especially for imported spores, which should be sown
as soon as received, provided a proper condition can
be given them. Therefore extra attention must be
paid when it unfortunately occurs that the young
Ferns are in their Prothallium stage during the winter
season, to keep them from damping and the growth of
conferva and musci. When it is desirable to increase any
particular species by spores, some precaution is neces-
sary to secure them in a proper ripe condition, and
without spores of other species growing near being
mixed with them. The fructified frond should be taken
as soon as the spore-cases on the plant begin to open,
and placed between sheets of paper in a moderately
dry place for a few days, at the end of which time there
will be escaped spores in abundance. These should
be immediately sown in pots prepared in the following
manner ; — four to six-inch pots are generally the most

CCLTIVATION.

399

convenient size ; they should be half filled with good
drainage material, with the smallest particles at top,
vTlien another fourth of depth should be occupied by
fine soil, half sand and peat, one quarter loam, with a
sprinkling of finely-broken sandstone or soft brick
slightly pressed down on the top ; it should then be
■watered and time allowed for the whole to become
uniformly moist ; then the spores to be very thinly dis-
tributed over it, the whole covered with a bell-glass
or a piece of glass same size as pot, to be placed on
its rim, allowing a space of about one inch between it
and the surface of the soil. In order to keep the whole
moderately and constantly moist, the pots should be
placed in pans of water of half an inch depth, care being'
taken not to allow the soil to become over saturated;
and whenever any copious condensation takes place
on the glass, it should be carefully sponged off. As
the spores germinate, and the Prothallia become
crowded, so as to touch each other, they should be im-
mediately thinned, and if it is desirable to save the
thinnings they can be removed in little clumps on the
particles of brick or sandstone to other pots prepared
as for spores. It is not, however, with all our care in
sowing different species in separate pots, that the
species sown come up in the pot in which it was sown :
plants of it may be found in other pots, or in different
parts of the house on moist surfaces. This is easily ac-
counted for, as the least motion of the air carries away
the spores while in the action of sowing, and indeed
all superfluity of spores may be with profit distributed
over the whole house, the moist walls often affording
abundance of young plants. It also often happens that
a good crop of Ptcris aguilina is the result, its spores

400

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

being no doubt latent in tbe soil used for filling tbe
pots. To avoid this it is advisable to bake tbe soil
before using, and to bring it again to its proper moist
state by tbe use of water that bas been boiled.

It is said that spores retain their vitality for a
number of years ; in my experience I have no direct
proof of this ; but several remarkable instances of
plants making their appearance without the spores of
the species having been sown, or even an Herbarium
specimen having been seen in this country. In the
instance of Lomaria Pater semi, a species originally
discovered in Tasmania, which spontaneously made
its appearance at Kew in 1830, only one specimen
was at that time said to be in the possession of Mr.
Brown, at the British Museum, which I never saw ; and
Allan Cunningham informed me that he never found
the plant, and was very much surprised when he saw
it growing at Kew. This in time gave specimens to
many Herbaria, and living plants to botanic gardens.
A similar instance was that of Doodia blechnoides,
which made its appearance at Kew in 1835. Other
instances might bo quoted, such as the appearance of
Asplenium stipitatum, of which two plants spontaneously
made their appearance about twenty years ago, and I
at first supposed they had originated from the spores
from a specimen in my Herbarium of a Luzon plant
named by me Neottopteris stipitata; but in time it
became evident that the two plants were quite distinct
from it, and, like the Lomaria and Doodia, I had never
seen native specimens. By what means the spores that
produced these plants came to Kew it is impossible to
say. In 1829 I found a plant of Geteracli officinarum
growing in a crevice of masonry on one of the

CULTIVATION.

401

towers of the New Palace at Kew (since taken down).
As this Fern is not found wild near London, it would
be useless to speculate where this solitary spore came
from ; it seemed however to have found a proper nidus
tin the crevice, enabling it to germinate and resist all
untoward influences, to pass through the Prothallium
state and become a plant.

Polypodium vulgare and Asplenium Ruta-muraria
may be considered our domestic Ferns; for many years
a plant of Polypodium vulgare grew on the brick wall
separating Hyde Park from Kensington Gardens, and
there it remained till the wall was taken down. These
few instances of isolated appearances of Ferns readily
explain the wflde geographical distribution of some
species over the surface of the earth.

It has been shown that the spores of many species
germinate quickly and abundantly, and become fully
developed Protliallia, yet it often happens that no
plant bud is formed, and in time the Protliallia
decay ; the cause of this has always been supposed to
be undue moisture or some atmospheric action not
sensible to us, as this has always occurred in certain
species of special interest, such as Brainea insignis,
the spores of which, as already stated, germinate
readily ; yet we have not succeeded in obtaining young
plants, not even one Prothallium being seen to make a
plant bud. Without special microscopical examination
of the Protliallia we can only speculate on the proba-
bility, that, as in flowering plants, the whole of the
spores of some Ferns (such as Brainea) are unisexual or
may even be entirely destitute of both Antheridia and
Archegonia, in either case deficient of the elements
necessary for the production of a plant bud.

402

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

I liave at page 65 mentioned that a few intermediate
forms of the genus Gymnogramma had been raised from
spores, which are considered sports by some and by
others hybrids ; the latter can only be admitted on the
supposition of two Prothallia of two different species
growing so contiguous to each other that the sperma-
tozoids of one Prothallium have the power of passing
and fertilizing the Archegonia of the other, and thus
produce a hybrid, as in flowering plants. Another
point of some practical importance is, that in
general only a single plant bud is formed on each
Prothallium. This may be supposed to be owing to
the vital function of the Prothallium not being able to
support more, in that respect analogous to only one
ovulum being fertilized in ovaries of many flowering
plants. Admitting that, then, how are we to explain that
on removing the plant bud a new bud is formed ; and
even as many as eight to ten have been obtained from
Prothallia of Hymenodium cr ini turn, each of which, by
proper care, becomes a plant. Then again experiments
have shown, that by dividing the Prothallium from the
base upwards with a sharp instrument into two or
even four parts, each part produces a plant bud.
Seeing this, it is reasonable to infer that Prothallia
have the power of producing plant buds, analogous to
leaves of Begonias and other plants ; but whether such
is the case, or each bud is the result of the action
of spermatozoids on latent Archegonia, is not known.
Then again we have the remarkable instance of the
great profusion of plants produced by the spores of
all farinose Ferns, such as species of Gymnogramma,
Cheilanthes, Notholcena, Cincinalis, 8)-c., and also of the
smooth ebenous genera Pellcea, Platyloma, Doryo-

CULTIVATION.

403'

pterin, and Adiantum, while comparatively only a few
of the smooth-fronded species of the division Ereme-
bnja produce plants from spores. This subject yet
requires much experimental investigation before
satisfactory reasons can be assigned for what is here
stated.

The majority of Ferns that do not increase by
spores, often, however, readily do so by other means,
such as by offsets, and viviparous buds, or bulbils
produced on the upper surface, on the apex of the
fronds, or in the axils of the segments, which, when
placed under favourable circumstances, become plants.
Ferns of csespitose vernation will occasionally produce
buds or crowns laterally on the old caudex, which
may be readily separated for propagation with a
sharp knife ; when the vernation consists of a creep-
ing rhizome, such may be cut in pieces of whatever
length desirable, with a bud or growing point in each
piece, and, as with the separated lateral crowns,
should be placed in as small a pot as convenient, with
soil suitable to their kind (selected according to the
rule already given for establishing plants), and the
whole subjected to an extra close atmosphere till
thoroughly established. Up to the present time at-
tempts to propagate Ferns by separated portions de-
void of any previously joined bud have proved fruitless;
although by some a solitary instance in Scolopcn-
drium vulgare is considered sufficient evidence to the
contrary, as portions of the base of its fronds, if
separated, inserted in soil, and kept close and moist
by the aid of a bell-glass, will readily strike ; so also
with some of the abnormal forms of the same genus, if
portions of the margins of their fronds are treated in

2 D 2

404

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the same manner. Upon close examination, however,
previously formed embryo buds are observable and
considering, too, its close affinity with the Aspleniums,
the most proliferous (in the formation of bulbils) of
all Ferns, this cannot be wondered at. To propagate
Ferns by the buds produced on their foliage is most
easy. As soon as the bulbil plants have attained a size
to be handled conveniently, they should be carefully
taken off and pricked out in pots filled with mode-
rately fine soil, and kept covered with a bell-glass till
thoroughly rooted, when they may be potted off in
single pots, as required.

Species with long, slender, hard sannentum, such
as Gleichenia, do not root readily when separated ; in-
deed, large plants have been entirely destroyed by too
free division of their sarmentum; to prevent this, layers
are resorted to, which is accomplished by fixing pro-
longing sarmentums over small pots filled with soil,
which, when well rooted, can be separated with safety,
and without injuring the specimen plant. Again, in
regard to the division Eremoibrya, they are not onlv
remarkable in the sterility of their spores, but also in
not producing viviparous buds; however, the readiness
with which small portions of their rhizomes form
plants, and the already described tenacity of life, seem
to make them independent or to render less need of
perfect spores or bulbils.

In concluding this treatise, I deem it necessary
to explain, that, in consequence of the woodcuts
occupying more space than was calculated for, and
in order to keep the book within a limited size,
it has become necessary to considerably reduce the
original manuscript on Cultivation. It is, however.

CULTIVATION.

405

hoped that what is now given in the preceding pages
will be sufficient to show the nature of Ferns, and the
methods adopted for propagating and preserving
them in the collections of this country.

NOTE.

In the preceding article on Cultivation it has been shown
that all Ferns are capable of being cultivated in this country
under one of three conditions as regards temperature, deter-
mined by the nature of the native climate of the different
species, which, as regards the species enumerated in the
preceding catalogue, I classify as follows : —

1st. Hardy, in the open air.

North and Central Europe, including Great Britain
and Ireland, North America, North Asia.

2nd. Temperate House.

South Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North
India, China, Japan, Australia, South of the Tropics,
Tasmania, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Chili,
Mexico.

A few species of those countries are hardy, — such are marked
H. after the name of the country ; some others improve by a
higher temperature, — such are marked Tr. after the name of
the country.

3rd. Tropical House.

West Tropical Africa, including St. Helena and
Ascension, Mauritius, Ceylon, India, Malacca, the

40G

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Malayan Archipelago, including Penang, Singapore,
Java, and the Philippines, Borneo, the Polynesian
and other Islands of the Pacific within or near the
Tropics, Sandwich Islands, Tropical America, inclu-
ding Venezuela, New Granada, Panama, Peru,
Guiana, Brazil, West Indies.

Some species from high altitudes within these countries will
thrive in the Temperate House, — such are marked T., after
the name of the country.

407

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS

QUOTED IN THIS WORK.

N.B. — When no special hook is quoted after an author’s name,
ihis writings on ferns are to be found in botanical and other scien-
tific journals of their time, and which are too numerous to notice
•in this work. — Those with an asterisk are living authors.

~*A gardh. J. C. Agardh, Professor of Botany at Stockholm ; author
of a “ Monograph on the genus Ptcris."

Ait. W. & W. T. A lton, father and son, Directors of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, from 1760 to 1841 ; authors of 1st and
2nd edition of “ Hortus Kewensis,” 1793 and 1813.

A. Rich. A. Richard, a French botanist ; “ Voyage de l’Astrolabe
(Botanique).”

*Arn. Walker Arnott, Professor of Botany at the University,
Glasgow (see Hook, et A rn.).

*Bah. C. C. Babington, Professor of Botany at the University,
Cambridge ; an eminent British botanist.

"* Backhouse . James Backhouse & Bon, nurserymen, York ;

importers and cultivators of Ferns.

Bauer. Francis Bauer, a celebrated botanical painter (see Hook,
et Bauer).

Beauv. Falisot de Beauvois, a French botanist ; author of “ Flore
d’Oware;” figures and descriptions of plants in the Bight of
Benin, 1810.

Bernh. J. J. Bernhardi, Professor of Botany at Erfurt.

Blume. C. L. Blume, Director of the Botanic Garden, Batavia ;
“ Enum. Plant. Jav.,” 1830 ; “ FI. Jav.,” figures and descrip-
tions of the plants of Java.

Bolt. J. Bolton, an English botanist ; “ Fil. Blit.,” figures of
British Ferns, 1790.

408

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Bory, J. B. G. Bory de St. Vincent, a French traveller and botanist.
*Brack. W. 1). Brackenridge, Botanist to the United States’
exploring expedition ; Descriptions and figures of the Ferns of
the expedition.

Braun. A. Braun, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Monograph on.
Selaginella.”

Br. R. Brown, the most celebrated of botanists; ‘Pjodromus
Florae Novae Hollandiae,” 1810 ; “ Observations on Ferns in
Wallich’s Plautte Asiaticae Bariores Horsfield’s “ Plantae
Javae.”

Br. P. Browne, author of a “ History of Jamaica,” 1756.

Brongn. A. Brongniart, a French botanist.

Burm. J. Burmann, a Dutch botanist, and writer on plants of
India, Ceylon, &c.

Carin. Captain D. Carmichael, a Scotch cryptogamic botanist.
Cav. A . J. Cavanillcs, Professor of Botany, Madrid.

*Colenso. Bev. W. Colenso, a New Zealand botanist.

Col. A. Colla, a collector and namer of Chilian ferns.

Cunn. A. Cunningham, a celebrated botanist and traveller in.
Brazil and New South Wales from 1815 to 1830.

Dec. Aug. Dccandolle, a celebrated French systematic botanist.

Dcsf. M. Desfontaines, a French botanist and traveller in Barbary
“ Flora Atlantica.”

Desv. N. A. Desvaux, an eminent French botanist ; author of
several papers on Ferns, from 1808 to 1814.

De Vriese. G. H. De Vriese, a Professor of Botany, Leyden
“Monograph on the genus Angiopteris.”

Dick. J. Dickson, an English cryptogamic botanist.

Don. D. Don, Professor of Botany, King’s College, London
“ Prodromus Flora Nepalensis.”

Dry. Jonas Dryander, librarian to Sir Joseph Banks ; a writer on
Ferns in the “ Linnrean Transactions.”

* Eat . D. C. Eaton, an American botanist.

Ehrliari. F. Ehrliart, a German botanist.

Endl. Endlicher, Professor of Botany, Vienna ; “ Prodromus
Flora Norfolkicse.”

Eng. Bot. English Botany, “ Figures and descriptions of British,
plants,” by Sir J. E. Smith and Jas. Sowerbv.

Eschw. F. L. Esclnceiler, a German botanist.

* Fee. A. F. A. Fee, Professor of Botany, Strasburg, an eminent
pteridologist ; “ Genera Filicum,” descriptions and figures of
the genera of Ferns, 1850-1852 ; “Memoirs on Acrostichum ~
and other Genera.”

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS.

409

Fisch. Dr. Fischer, a Russian botanist, and Director of the Im-
penal Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg (see Lana, ct Fisch )

■t l- (lOware (see Beauv.). ' '

Forsk:L Fetcr Forskahl, a Danish naturalist and traveller in Arabic •
flora zEgyptiaca.”

Forst. John Reinhold Forster, botanist to Captain Cook’s second
voyage ; Figures of Ferns in Schkuhr’s ‘ Cryptogamia.’ ”

Gal. H. Galcotti, a German botanical collector in Mexico.

Ward. ( /iron. Gardener s’ Chronicle, a weekly journal New
garden ferns described by T. Moore.

Gardn. Dr. G. Gardner, a botanical traveller in Brazil and
Director of the Botanic Garden, Ceylon.

Gaud. M. C. Gaudichaud, a French botanist : “ Plants of
f reyemet, Voyage de l’Uranie,” 1817-1820.

^CMR GilKeS’ a Sc0tch botanist and collector of plants in

Gmel. J. G. Gmelin, a Russian botanist and traveller in Siberia •
author of a “ System of Plants” and “ Flora Sibirica.”

& Unit«l sfites6Vay’ Pr°feSSOr °f BotanD Havard University,

*Grev Dr R K Greville, an eminent botanical artist (see
Hook, et Grev.). K

*C" Westldfe * Ge""“ ***** > “ «- »f the

JTaenlc. (see Presl ).

Ram. Dr. Francis Hamilton, an Indian botanist

Snes^Fefns.^' “ English botanist’ and ™ter on

7/edw J.Hedmg, a German cryptogamic botanist.

H. etB.S H. B. K. Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunlh . The two
hrst famous travellers and botanists in South America.
Runtn, a German botanist.

*Hew Robert Reward, a zealous botanist, and writer on Ferns of
Jamaica, m the “ Magazine of Natural History.”

C Journal” ltf^C°CJC’ a ^°rtil ■American writer, “ Silliman’s

Hoff. G. F Hoffmann, a German botanist, and writer on crypto-
gamic plants, 1784.

Homb. et Jacq. Homl/ron ct Jacquemont, French voyagers to the
and Pknts 5 Y0J^ aU Po1 *Sud> &c'>” Hist0U of the Voyage

W' Dircetor of the Koyal Botanic Gardens,

Ive\\ , froni 1841 to 1865 ; an admirable descriptive botanist and
1 89.>en« Ptend°l°gist ; “ Exotic Flora,” figures of rare plants,

1 b.3 ; Hones Plantamm,” figures of 1,000 rare plants— many
b ; J’ec°nd Century of Ferns,” 100 figures of rare Ferns ;
f dices Exoticae, figures of 100 Ferns ; “ Garden Ferns,” 64

410

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

figures ; “Journal of Botany,” 4 vols. ; “London Journal of
Botany,” 7 vols. ; “ Journal of Botany and Kew Miscellany,”
!) vols. ; “ Species Filicum,” 5 vols., descriptions of all known
Ferns with upwards of 300 figures, 1 844-04.

Hook, et Am. Hooker and Arnott, “ Botany of Capt. Beechey’s
V oyage.”

Hook, et Bauer. Hooker and Baiter, the “Genera Filicum,”
figures of the genera of Ferns, illustrated by Bauer, 1838.

Hook, et Grev. Hooker and Grcville ; “ leones Filicum,” figures
of rare Ferns, 230 plates, 2 folio vols., 1831.

*Hook. Jil. Hr. Joseph Hooker, Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew; appointed 1865 ; “Flora Antarctica,” “Flora
of New Zealand,” “ Flora of Tasmania.”

Hoppe. J. C. Hoppe, a German botanist, and collector of
plants.

Hort. Gardens ; Hurt. Ang. English gardens ; Hort. Be.rol.
Berlin garden ; Hort. Linden. Horticultural Garden, Brus-
sels.

'■'■Houlst. (see Moore et Houlst.).

Huds. IF. Hudson, an English writer on British plants.

Humb. A. v. Humboldt , a celebrated traveller and philosopher
(see H. B. K.).

Jacq. Nicolas Joseph £ Francois Jacquin, father and son, eminent
Austrian botanists ; “ leones rariorum,” figures of rare plants.

■* Johns . J. Y. Johnson, a writer on Madeira ferns.

*J. Bin. John Smith, Curator Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
(retired 1864) ; “ Gen. FiL,” an arrangement of the genera of
Ferns in Hooker’s “ Journal of Botany,” 1841 ; “ Enum. Fil.
Philipp.,” an enumeration of the Ferns collected by H. Cuming
in the Philippine Islands ; “ Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald,” an
enumeration of the Ferns in Seemann’s “ Botany of the
Voyage of the ‘ Herald ’ ; ” “ Cat.” Ferns cultivated at Kew,
in appendix to Botanical Magazine, 1846 ; “ Cat. Cult. Ferns,”
catalogue of Ferns cultivated in British gardens in 1857.

* Karst. Hr. Karsten, a German botanist and traveller in Tropical
America ; “ Flora Columbia.”

Kaulf. G. F. Kaulfuss, Professor of Botany, Leipsic ; “ Enum.
Fil.,” Enumeration of the Ferns collected in Chamisso’s
Voyage.

Klot. JJr. Klotzsch, a German botanist.

Kunzc. G. Kunze, Professor of Botany, Leipsic ; “ Analecta
Pteridographia,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, 1834 ;
‘Schkuhr’s Cryptogamia,” continued, 1841-51; numerous
other papers on Ferns.

LabilJ. J. J. Labillardiere, a French navigator sent in search of

A LIST OK AUTHORS AND BOOKS.

411

M. La Perouse ; “Nov. Holl. Plant. Spec.,” figures and
descriptions of New Holland plants, 1804-1806; “Sertum
Austro-Caledon.,” figures and descriptions of plants in New
Caledonia.

Lag. M. Lagasca, Professor of Botany, Madrid.

Lam. Jo. Bapt. Monet de Lamarck, a celebrated French naturalist
and compiler.

Lang, et Fisch. G. Langsdorf, a Russian botanist. “ Icon. Fil.”
figures of Ferns, chiefly Brazilian, 1810.

JJLJirit. C. L. L’Heritier, a French botanist.

Lieb. Liebmann, a German botanist.

Lieb. Liebold, a German traveller and botanist, and collector of
plants in Mexico.

*Linden. J. Linden, a nurseryman at Brussels, and traveller in
Mexico and Peru ; a collector and importer of rare plants.

Lindl. Dr. John Bindley, an eminent systematic botanist,
Professor of Botany, University College, London ; “ Lindl. &
Moore : Nature-printed British Ferns.”

Link. II. F. Link, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Enumeration of
the Ferns of the Berlin Garden.”

Linn. Car. Linnams, the celebrated Swedish botanist, and founder
of modern botany.

Lodd. Conrojl Loddiges & Son, nurserymen and great cultivators
of Ferns at Hackney.

Lour. Loureiro. a Portuguese botanist and traveller in Cochin
China ; “ Flora Cochinchinensis.”

~*Loice. E. J. Lowe ; “ Lowe’s Ferns,” figures and descriptions of
exotic Ferns, in 9 vols.

Mart, et Gal. “Figures and descriptions of Mexican Ferns,” by
H. Galeotti and M. Martens.

Mart. C. F. P. Martins, Professor of Botany in Munich ; “ Icon.
Crypt.,” figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1820.

*Mettcn. Dr. G. Mettenius, Professor of Botany at Leipsic, and
eminent writer on Ferns; “Figures and descriptions of the
Ferns in the Leipsic Garden ; ” “ Monograph on the genus
AspleniumJ ’ &c.

Mey. C. Meyer, a German botanist.

Michx. A. Michaux, a French botanist and traveller in North
America ; “ Flora Boreali- Americana.”

'■•Miq. F. A. G. Miguel, a Dutch botanist.

*Moore. T. Moore, Curator of the Apothecaries’ Garden, Chelsea ;
“ Index Filicurh,” an alphabetical list of all names of Ferns ;
various books on British Ferns (see Lindl.).

* Moore et Houlst. T. Moore and W. Houlston ; “ Descriptions
and Wood-cuts of Cultivated Ferns,” published in Ayer’s
“ Magazine of Botany.”

Muhl. Muhlenberg, a North American botanist.

412

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Newm . Edivd. Newman, author of works on British Ferns.

Nutt. D. Nuttall, a North American botanist.

Plum. Car. Plumier, a French botanist and traveller in the West
Indies. “ Plum. Fil.,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, chiefly
of the French West India Islands, 1666.

Pair. M. Poiret, a French botanical compiler.

Presl. C. B. Presl, Professor of Botany, Prague ; a famous Pteri-
dologist ; “ Reliqua Haenkoeana,” figures and descriptions of
Ferns collected by the traveller Haenke ; “Tent. Pierid.,” a
new arrangement of the genera of Ferns, 1836 ; “ Epimelise
Botanic®,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, being an addenda
to the preceding.

Pursh. Frederic l Pursh, author of a “ Flora of North America.”

Badd. J. Itaddi, a German botanist, who travelled in Brazil ;

“ Fil. Bras.,” figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1825.
Raoul. M. M. E. Raoul, a French botanist and writer on New
Zealand Ferns.

* Regel. — Regel, Director of the Imperial Garden, St. Petersburg,
1866.

Retz. A. J. Retzius, a German botanist and writer on plants of
Ceylon.

Rheede. H. ran Rheecle, a Dutch botanist ; “ Hortus Indicus
Malabaricus,” a large work on the plants of Malabar, 1703.
Reiclienb. — Reichenbach, a German botauist ; “ Flora Germanica.”
Reinw. — Reinwardt, Professor of Botany, Leyden, and traveller
and collector of plants in Java and other Malayan islands.
Remy in Gay. Remy, an authority in Cl. Gay’s “ Flora of Chili.”
Rich. L. C. Richard, a writer on the plants of Guiana.

Roth. A. G. Roth, a celebrated German botanist and writer on
Ferns.

Roxb. Dr. Roxburgh, an English botanist ; “ Observations on St.
Helena Ferns.”

*R. T. Lowe. R. T. Lowe, a writer on Madeira Ferns.

Radge. E. Radge, author of a work on the plants of Guiana.

Schk. C. Schkuhr, a Dutch botanist ; “ Crypt. Schk.,” crypto-
gam ia; figures of Ferns ; “Crypt. Supp.,” supplement of the
above, continued by Kunze.

Schlccht, D. F. L. Schlechtendahl, Professor of Botany in Berlin ;
Schlecht. Adumb. “ Adumbratio Plantarum,” figures and
descriptions of South African Ferns.

Schott. Heinrich Schott, Director Royal Gardens, Vienna ; “Schott
Gen. Fil.,” the genera, illustrated by figures.

Schreb. J. C. Schreber, a German botanist.

Schum. — Schumacher, a writer on plants of Guinea.

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS.

413

*Seemann. Dr. Bcrthold Seemann, an eminent botanist and voyager >
“ Botany of the expedition of the surveying ship Herald.”

Sibth. Dr. Sibthorp, an English botanist and traveller in Greece ;
author of “ Flora Graeca.”

Sieber. — Sicber, a celebrated German botanical traveller and
collector in various parts of the world.

*Sim. H. Sim, a nurseryman and celebrated grower of Ferns at
Foot’s Cray, Kent.

Sloan. Sir Hans Sloane, a traveller in the West Indies ; author
of “ History of Jamaica,” and founder of the British Museum.

*Sm. Sir James Edward Smith, a celebrated British botanist and
writer on botany in various journals ; first President of the
Linnaean Society, and purchaser of the “ Linnaean Herbarium.”

*Soiverby. E. Sou-erby, a British botanist ; author of a work on
British Ferns.

Spenn. — Spenner, a German botanist.

Split. F. L. Splitgerber, a Dutch botanist; “An enumeration of
the Ferns of Surinam.”

Spreng. C. Sprengel, Professor of Botany, Halle ; “ Syst.,” a syste-
matic enumeration of plants according to the Linnaean
arrangement.

Spring. — Spring, a German botanist and writer on Lycopodiacea\

*StansJield. ■ — Stansfield, a nurseryman at Todmorden, Yorkshire,
celebrated as a discoverer and cultivator of numerous varieties
of British species of Ferns.

Sw. Olaf Swartz, a Swedish botanist and traveller in Jamaica ;
“ Synopsis Filicum,” an enumeration and description of all
known Ferns since 1806.

Thunb. P. Tliunberg, a Dutch traveller and botanist in Japan
and Cape of Good Hope ; “ FI. Jap.,” the Flora of Japan,
1784.

*Thwaites. G. J . Tlncaites, Director Botanic Garden, Ceylon ;
author of “ Flora of Ceylon.”

Tuclcerman. E. Tuckerman, a United States botanist.

Vahl. Mart. Vahl, a German botanist.

*Van Houte. L. Van Hoate, a celebrated Belgian nurseryman ;
author of periodical botanical works.

*Veitch. James Veitch & Son, nurserymen, London, celebrated
importers and cultivators of rare Ferns.

Vent. E. P. Ventenat, a French botanist.

Vogler. — Vogler, a German botanist.

Wall. Dr. Nathaniel Wallich, Director Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
MSS. catalogue of the plants contained in the “ Wallichiau
Herbarium ” at the Linnaean Societv.

414

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

'■' Watson. Hemet Cottrell Watson, an eminent British botanist.
Webb. P. B. Webb, an English botanist ; “ Flore des Canaries.’’
IVeis. F. W. Weis, a German cryptogamic botanist.

Willcl. C. L. Wilhlenow, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Species
Plantarum Enumeration of plants in the Berlin Garden,
1809.

* Wollast. T. Wollaston, an English botanist and writer on Ferns.
Will/. F. H. Wulfen, a German botanist.

Zenlc. — Zenker, a German botanist and writer on plants of the
Nilgheery.

415

INDEX

OF

GENERA, SPECIES, AND SYNONYMS.

N.B. — The names in italics are synonyms , Where two pages are giren, the second
refers to Cultivation,

Aconiopteris, Presl page 107

longif'olia, Fee 107

nervosa, J. Sm 107

subdiaphana, Presl 107

Acrophorm.

ajjinis, Moore 77

chcert/phyllus, Moore 77

hispidus, Moore 233

immersus, Moore 77

pulcher, Moore . ., 77

Acroptcris, Link.

radiata, F£e 219

septentrionalis, Link 218

Acrosticbum, Linn 119

acuminatum, Willd 118

albidulum, Sw 178

alcicome, Sw 121

alien um, Sw 118

apodutn. Hook, et (>rev. .. 106

appendiculalum, Willd Ill

areolatum, Linn 207

aureum, Linn. ........ 120, 361

awitum, Sw 116

axillare, Cav 93

barbarum, Linn 265

bifurcalum, Sw. 110

Blumeanum, Hook 106

bracky neuron, F6g 106

callcefolium, Blurae 105

Calomelanos, Linn 125

Canariense, Willd 173

cervinum, Sw 115

Acrosticbum —

chrysophl/um, Sw page 126

citrifolium, Linn 108

conforme, Sw 105

crassinerve, Kunze 105

cnnitum, Sw 108

crispatulum, Wall 117

cuspidatum, Willd 106

flagelliferum, Wall 117

Jlavens, Sw 178

fceniculaceum, Hook, et Grev. 110

fraxinifolium, R. Br 120

Jrigidum, Linden 106

fuci/urme, Wall 121

Funckii, Fde 105

Funckii, Hook 105

furcatum, Linn 249

Gaboonense, Hook 118

grande, A. Cunn 121

Jfamiltonianum, Wall Ill

Herminien, Bory 105

Berminieri, Hook 105

hirlum, Sw 106

Jlvense, Linn 162

lanuginosum, Desf. 173

latifolium, Sw 105

lepidopteris, Lang, et Fisch. 80

lineari folium, Presl 115

Lingua, Thunb 100

longifolium, Jacq 107

Marantce, Linn 173

marginatum, Schk 120

416

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Acrostichum —

Meyerianum , Hook page 20S

microlepis, Kunze 105

muscosum, Sw 106

nervosum, Bory 107

'/! icot ia n ocfol ium, Sw 1]S

paleaceum, Hook, et Grev. 106

jxilustre, Hook 298

peltatum, Schk 110

perelegans. Fee 298

phlebodes, Kunze 114

pilosello'des, Presl 105

prastantixsimum, Boiy .... 119

Pnstoni, Baker 298

proliferum, Blume 117

punctulatum, Linn 117

quercifolium, Betz 118

rubiginosum, Fee Iu6

scandcns, Linn 208

Schiedei, Kunze 106

scolopendrifolium, IUdd. .. 106

setosum, Wall Ill

Sieberi, Hook, et Giev 105

sinuatum,Sw 173

sorbifolium, Linn 114

sorbifolium , Houk 248

spicatum, Linn 92

squamosum, Sw 106

Stemmaria, Beauv 121

stiymalokpiis, Fee 105

subdiaphanum, Hook. etGrev. 107

sulphurcum, Sw 126

Tartareum, Sw 125

trifoliatuni , Linn 175

undulatum, Willd 106

vtlleum. Ait 173

v illosum, Sw 298

virens. Wall 117

viscosum, Blume 106

viviparum, Sw Ill

Yapurense, Hook 114

Actiniopteris.

raaiata, Link 219

Actinostachvs, TTa<7 262

digitata, TTa77 263

A diantopsis.

Capemis, Moore 176

pedala. Moore 177

pteroides, Moore 176

radia'a. Fee 177

spectabilis, Fee 176

Adiantum, Linn page 182

aculeatum, Linn 232

-■Etbiopicum, Linn 186

ajiine, Hook 185

affine, Willd 185

amabile, Moore 311

amcenum, Wall 185

arcuatum, Sw 183

asarifolium, Willd 310

as>imile, Sw 186

assimile, Lowe 186

betulinum, Kaulf. 184

Brasiliense, Link 184

Brasiliense, Badd 185

capillus-veneris, Linn 186

cardiocKlcena, Kunze 184

caudatum, Linn 1S3

Cayennense, Willd 310

Chilense, Kaulf. 186

colpodes, Moore 290

concinnum, B. B. K. 186

cristatum, Linn 184

cubense. Hook 310

cultratum, J. Sm 1S4

cuneatum, Lang, et Fisch. . . 186

Cunninghami, Hook 185

curvatum, Kaulf. 184

decorum, Moore 311

dolabriforme, Hook 183

emargiuatura, Bory 186

exisum, Kunze 311

Farleyense, Moore 311

Feei, Moore 185

flabellulalum, Linn 185

flexuosum. Hook 185

formosum, R. Br 185

fovearum, Radd 184

fulvum, Raoul 185

fuscum, Retz 185

Gbeisbreghtii, Backhouse . . 289

glaucopbyllum, Hook 311

gracillimum, Moore 311

Henslovianum, Hook 311

liirtum, Klot 310

hispi-iulum, Hort 185

hiepidulum, .Sic 1S5

intermedium, Sw 1S4

Kaulfussii, Kunze 1S3

Lindenii, Moore 310

lucidum, Sw 183

lunulatum, Burm. 183

INDEX,

417

Adiantum —

macrophylluro, Sw page

Matthewsianum, Hook

monosoratum, Willd

Moorei. Baker

Moritzianum, Klot

obliqxmm, Kaulf.

obliquum, Willd

pallens, Sw

paradoxum, R. Br

patens, Willd

pedatum, Linn

pentadactylon, Lang, et

Fisch

peruvianum, Klot

polyphyllunn, Willd

princeps, Moore ...

prionophyllum, II. B. K. ..

pubescens, Schk

pulverulentum, Linn

radialum, Linn

renifonne, Linn

rhomboideum, Schk

rigidum, Hort. Berol

rubellum, Moore

Sanclse Catharinae, Hort. . .

Seemanii, Hook

setulosum, J. Sm

speciosura, Hook

suboordatum, Sw

sulphureum, Kaulf.

tenerum, Sw

tenerum, J. Sm

tetraphyllum, Hort. Berol...

tetraphyllum, Willd

tinctum, Moore

trapeziforme, Linn

trapcziforme, Forst

triangulatum, Kaulf.

trigonum, Labill

truncatum, Radd

varium, Presl

Veitchianum, Moore

velutinum, Moore

venustum, Don

villosum, Linn

Wagnerii, Mett

Wilesianum, Hook

Wilsoni, Hook

Aglaomorpha, Schott

Meyeniana, Schott

Aleuntopteris.

Mexicana, Fde page 176

Allantodia 316

Australis, R. Br 221

axillaris, Kaulf 221

Brunoniana, Wall. 316

denticulata, Wall 221

umbrosa, R. Br 221

Allosorus.

Calomelanos, Presl 180

cordatus, Presl 181

crispus, Bernh 177

dealbatus, Presl, 176

flexuosus, Kunze 181

hastatus, Presl 180

Karwinskii, Kunze 128

pulchellus, Mart 178

sagitlalus, Presl 180

Alsophila, R. Br 243

aculeata, J. Sm 245

affinis, Fde 247

Amazonica, Lind. Cat 321

armata, Presl 245

armata, Mart 244

aspera, R. Br 244

atrovirens, Pr 320

Australis, R. Br 245, 365

Beyrichiana, J. Sm 244

blechnoides. Hook 168

Capeusis, J. Sm 244

contaminans, Wall 245

Cooperi, Hook 245, 321

Deckeriana, Klot 247

denticulata, Lind. Cat 321

excelsa, R. Br 245, 365

excelsa, Mart 246

ferox, Presl 244

ferox, Presl 245

Fischcriana, Regel 169

gigantea. Watt. 245

glauca, J. Sm 245

Hostmanni, J. Sm 244

infesta, Kunze 320

lsevis, J. Sm 244

Leichardtiana, Muell 321

Macarthuri, Hook 245, 321

Moorei, J. Sm 245, 321

munita, Hort. Berol 245

oblonga, Klot 320

ornata, Schott 321

paleolata, Mart 245

2 E

183

184

184

311

186

183

183

187

182

185

185

184

310

184

311

1S4

185

184

177

183

184

184

311

310

310

185

310

184

186

186

289

184

184

290

184

185

184

186

184

183

311

310

311

183

311

185

183

297

297

418

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Alsophila —

phalerata, Mart page

procera, Kaulf.

pruinata , Kaulf

radens, Kaulf.

sagittifolia, Hook.

Scottiana, Bak

Shepherdii, Bull. Cat

SuriDamensis, J. Sm

tomentosa, Hook

Van Geerlii, Van Geert. Cat.

villosa, Presl

Walker®, J. Sm

Amhlia.

jugtandifolia, Presl

Amesium.

septentrionale, Newm

Amphicosmia.

Beyrichiana, Moore

Capensts, Moore

Hostmanni, Moore

Icevis, Moore

Amphidesinium. Schott

blechnoides, Klot

Parkeri, Schott

rostratum, J. Sm

Anapeliis, /. Sm 85,

geminata, J. Sm

lycopodioides, /. Sm

nitida, J. Sm

Owariensis, J. Sm

serpens, J. Sm

squamulosa, J. Sm

stigmatica, J. Sm

vacciniifolia, J. Sm

venosa, J. Sm

Anapausia.

decuircns, Presl

Anaxetum.

crassifolium, Schott

Anchistea, Presl

Virginica, Presl

Anemia, Sw

adiantifolia, Sw

adiantifolia, Hook

asplenifolia, Sw

clieilanlhoides, Kaulf

cicutaria, Moore ct Houlst.

collina, Radd

densa, Link

Dregeanea, Kunzc

Anemia —

ferruginea, H. B. K. . . page 259

Jlexuosa, Sw 260

fraxini folia, Eadd 261

fulva, Sw 259

hirsuta, Sw 260

Gardner!, Hook 323

hirta, Hort 259

longifolia, Eadd 261

Mandiocana, Radd 259

Phyllitidis, Sw 261

Raddiana, Link 259

repens, Eadd 260

rotundifolia, Schrad 324

tomentosa, Sw 259

villosa, H. B. K 259

Anemidictyon, J. Sm 260

Phyllitidis, J. Sm 261

Phyllitidis, Lowe 261

Anetium, Kunze 108

citrifolium, Split 108

ADgiopteris, Hoffm 268, 367

Brongniartiana, He Vriese . . 268

evecta, Hoffm 268

hypoleuca, De Vriese 268

longifolia, Miq 268

Miqueliana, I)e Vriese .... 268

pruinosa, Kunze 268

Teysmanniana, De Vriese . . 268
Anisogonium.

decussatum, Presl 227

esculentum, Presl 227

Serampurense, Presl 227

sylvaticum, Hook 223

Antigramma, Presl 226

Brasiiiensis, Moore 226

plantaginea, Pr 316

repanda, Presl 226

rhizophylla, J. Sm 226

Antrophyum, Kaulf. 129

citrifolium, Fde 108

Cayennensis, Kaulf. 130

lanceolatum, Kaulf. 130

latifolium, Bl 299

lineatum, Kaulf. 130

reticulatum, Kaulf. 130

Arthropteris, J. Sm 162

albo-punctata, J. Sm 163

filipes, J. Sm 163

obliterata, J. Sm 166

tenella, J. Sm 163

I

320 |

245

247

244

320

320

321

244

320

321

245

320

143

218

244

244

244

244

167

168

168

168

350

86

86

86

86

85

86

S6

85

86

93

95

205

205

259

260

260

260

259

260

259

261

259

INDEX.

419

Aspidium, Sw page

abortivum, Blume

abbreviatum, Schrad

acrosliclioides, Sw

aculealum, Hook

aculcatum, Sw

acuminatum, Hort

acutum, Sw

cemulum, Sw

affine, Fisch. et Mey

albo-punctatum, Willd

atpestre, Hoppe

alpinum, Sw

amabile, Blume

amplissimum, Metten

angulare, Willd

anyustum, Willd

anomophyllum, Zenk

apiifolium, SchJc

arislalum, Sw

articulatum, Sw

arliculatum, Schk

atomarium, Muhl

atratum, Wall

augescens, Link

auriculatum, Schk

axillare, Sw

Barteri, /. Sm

Berteroanum , Col

biserralum, Sw

Bootlii, Tuckermann

Boutonianum, Hook

Braunii, Spenn

bulbiferum, Sw

ccespitosum, Wall

canum, Wall

Capense, Willd

caryolideum, Wall

chrysolobum, Link

cicutarium, Sw.

coadunatum, Wall

concinnum, Thw

confertum, Kaulf.

coniifolium, Wall ..

conterminum, Willd

coriaceum, Lowe

coriaceum, Sw

cristatum, Sw

curvifolium, Kunze

davallioides, Sw

decompositum, Spreng

Aspidium —

decurrcns, J. Sm page 146

decurtatum, J. Sm 140

deltoideum, Sw 155

denticulatum, Sw 151

deparioides, Hook 159

depastum, Schk 158

difforme, Blume 285

dilaceratum, Kunze. ....... 145

dilatatum, A. Gray 156

dilalatum, Sm 157

drepanum, Sw 170

dumetorum, Sm 158

ebenum, J. Sm 144

eburneum. Wall 220

elatum, J. Sm 304

elongatum, Sw 157

ensifolium, Sw 164

eriocaipum, Wall 306

eromm, Schk 158

exaltatum, Schk 164

falcalum, Sw 142

falciculatum, Radd 155

falcinellum, Sw 149

fallax, Fisch 151

Fiiixfcemina, Sw 219

Filix-mas, Sw 156

fiexum, Kunze 151

fontanum, Sw 215

fragile, Sw 160

frondosum, Lowe 151

funeslum, Kunze 154

giganteum, Blume 146

glabellum, Lowe 159

ylanduliferum, Karst 155

glandulosum, Blume ...... 139

Hallcri, Willd 215

heracleifolium, Willd 145

Hippocrepis, Sw 145

hirsutulum, Sw 164

hirtipes, Blume 156

hirtum, Sw 159

hispidum, Sw 159

Uoolceri, Klot 141

Hookeri, Wall 139

immersum, Blume 154

impressum, Kunze 154

intermedium, Willd 158

intermedium, B1 306

invisum, Sw 153

juglundifolium, Kunze .... 143

O r 9

U Hi —4

143

140

304

149

150

150

159

164

158

156

163

169

161

152

151

150

220

143

145

151

74

74

160

156

153

149

221

286

151

1 65

156

163

150

160

149

155

151

143

155

145

145

306

141

151

154

151

151

158

151

165

153

420

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Aspidium —

Kaulf uss U, Link page

lacerum, Eat

Lancaslriense, Spreng

latifolium, J. Sm

lepidocaulon, Hook

leucosticton, Kunze

lobatum, Sw

Lonchitis, Sw

macrophyllum, Sw

marginalis, Sw

melanocaulon, Blunie

membranaceum, Hank

Mexicanum, Kunze

molle, Sw

montanum, Sw

mucronatum, Sw

mucronatum, Lowe

munitum, Kaulf

Napoleonis, Bory

neriiforme, Sw

nigripes, Hort

nodosum, Willd

obliquum, Bon

obtusum, Kunze

Oreopteris, Sw

paleaceum, Don

patens, Sw

pectinaium, Willd

Pica, Desv

pilosissimum, Don

pilosum, Lang, et Fisch

plantagineum, Griseb

plalyphyllum, Metten

Plumieri, Presl

podophyllum, Hook

polymorphum. Wall

polyphyllum, Kaulf.

proliferum, Hook, et Grev.

proliferum, R. Br

prolixum, Willd

protensum, Sw

pteroides, Sw

Pteropue, Kunze

pubescens, Lowe

pumilum, Lowe ,

punctilobum, Sw

pungens, Kaulf.

purpurascens, Blunie

quinquangulare, Kunze ....
r ecedens, Lowe

Aspidium —

regium, Sw page 161

remotum, A. Br 15*>

repandum, Willd 145

rhomboideum. Wall 15”

Richardii, Hook 304

rigidum, Sw 156

rivulorum, Link 154

rufo-barbatum, Wall 151

sagenioides, Mett 305

Schkuhrii, Link 164

semicordatum, Sw 165

serra, Schk 130

setosum, B1 306

setosum, Sw 152

Shepherdii, Kunze 150

Sieboldii, Van Houtte . . 155, 305

sinuatum, Gaud 145

spectabile, Blume 287

spinulosum, Sw 158

Sprengelii, Kaulf. 155

squamatum, Willd 166

squarrosum, Don 151

strigosum, Willd 155

submarginale, Hort. Berol. 155
subquinquefidum, Beauv. . . 154

subtriphyllum, Hook 145

tenue, Sw 160

terminans, Wall 139

Thelypleris, Sw 153

Thelypteroides, Sw 153

trapezioides, Sw 140

trapezioides, Schk 164

triangulum, Sw 149

trifoliatum, Sw 145

truncatulum, Sw. 166

truncatum. Gaud 140

tuberosum, Bory 164

vliginosum, Kunze 170

umbrosum, Sw 221

undulatum, Sw 164

unitum, Scbk 139

variolosum, Wall 145

varium, Sw 157

velutinum, A. Rich 153

venustum, Hew 14n

vestitum, Sw 151

villosum, Sw 157

violascens. Link 14u

WaUichii, Hook 74

Aspleniuin, Linn 209

155

156

158

145

286

163

150

149

145

157

145

304

157

140

161

149

149

304

157

74

145

74

149

151

154

156

154

164

144

154

164

135

145

144

155

286

154

143

151

305

154

139

146

153

156

236

151

287

153

151

INDEX.

421

Asplenium —

acuminatum, Wall page

acutum, Boi~y

adiantoides, Hook

adiantoides, Raoul

Adiantum-nigrum, Linal. &

Moore

Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. . .

alatum, Humb

alternans, Wall

altemifolium, Metten

alterni folium, Wulf.

ambiguum, Sw

anceps, Soland

angustifolium, Mich

anisophyllum, Kye

appendiculatum, Labill

arborescens, Metten

aspidioides, Schlecht

Athyrium, Spreng

attenuatum, R. Br

auriculatum, Sw

auritum, Kunze

'"lritum, Sw

Auslralasicum, Hook

axillare, Webb

Belangeri, Kunze

bifidum, Presl

ipartitum, Link

bissectum, Hort

brachypteron, Kunze

Brasiiiense, Hort

Brasiliense, lladd

Brasiiiense, Sw

Breynii, Retz

Brownii, J. Sm. .

bulbiferuin, Forst

Camariense, Willd

caudatum, Foist

Ceterach, Linn

Ceylonense, Klot

cicutarium, Sw

cicutarium, J. Sm

cirrhatum, Rich

Colensoi, Hook, fil

compressum, Sw

comptum, Moore and Houlst.

concinnum, J. Sm

crmsimile, Remy, in Gay. . . .

contiguum, Kaulf.

costale, Sw

Asplenium —

crenulatum, Presl. .page 210, 354

cultrifolium. Hort 213

cuneatum, Lam 218

cuneatum, Hook, et Grev. . . 219

cyrtopteron, Kunze 216

JJalhousia;, Hook 211

davalloides, Iloole 315

decurtatum. Link 221

decussatum, Wall 223

decussatum, Sw 227

dentatum, Linn 213

dcntax, Lowe 212

denticulatum, J. Sm 221

difforme, R. Br 214

dimidiatum, Sw 219

dimidiatum, Lowe 212

dimorphum, Kunze 215

dispersum, Kunze 217

dissectum, Link 216

divaricatum, Kunze 216

diversifolium, A. Cunn 215

Douglasii, Hook, et Grev. 316

Dregeanum, Kze 314

ebeneum, Ait 212

eburneum, J. Sm 220

elegantulum, Hook 315

elongaturn, Sw 213

emarginatum, Beauv 214

erectum, Bory 212

erectum, Hook 212

erosum, Linn 219

Fabianum, Hombr. et Jacq. 215

falcatum, Lam 218

Fernandezianum, Kunze . . 314

ferulaceum, Moore 315

Filix-foemina, Bernh 219

Filix-foemina, Moore 289

firmum, Kunze 213

flabellifolium, Cav 216

flabellulatum, Hort 216

flaccidum, Forst 214

fcecundum, Kunze 212

fceniculaccum, Hort 215

fceniculaceum, J. Sm 217

fontanum, Bernh 215

formosum, Willd 212

fragrans, Hook 212

fragrans, Sw 217

Franconis, Metten 223

furcatum, Thunb 219

223

217

215

215

217

216

213

211

222

218

227

211

314

314

215

223

315

220

217

314

217

217

226

221

214

214

217

217

214

210

212

226

218

221

215

219

218

229

221

216

216

216

215

212

216

315

214

219

223

422

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Asplenium —

Gardneri, Bah page

gemmiferum, Schrad

Germauicum, Weis

Goringianum, Melt

Halleri, Spreng

hastatum, Klot

Hemionitis, Linn

heterocarpum, Wall

heterodon, Blume

Hookerianum, Colenso ....

inaequale, Kunze

Japonicum, Melt

juglandifoliura, Lara

Karstenianum, Klot

Kaulfussii, Schlecht

Klotzschii, Metten

Icetum, Hort

laceration, Desv

lanceolatum, Iluds

lanceum, Thunb

laserpitiifoliura, Lam

laxum, R. Br

lineatum, Sw

loDgissiraum, Blume

Iucidum, For st

lucidum, Sclilecht

maoilentum, Kunze

macrocarpum, Blume

macrophyllum, J. Sm

Maderense, Penny

marginatum, Linn

marinum, Linn

melanocaulon, Willd

Mexicanum, Mart, et Gal...

Michauxii, Spreng

monanthemum, Linn

multijugum, Wall

myriophyllum, Presl

Nidus, Radd

Nidus, R. Br

Nidus, Linn

nigripes, Metten

nitens, Sw

nitidum, Sw

nodosum, Linn

nonnale, Bon

Novra-Caledoni®, Iloolc

obliquum, Forst

obtusatum, Forst

obtusifolium, Linn

Asplenium —

obtusilobum, Sw page 216

Odontites, R. Br 214

odoratum, Moore 212

oligophyllum, Kaulf. 214

Otites, Link 213

paleaceum, R. Br 218

palmatum, Lam 211

Petrarch®, D. C. 212

phyllitidis, Don 226

pinnatifidum, Nutt 216

planicaule, Lowe 217

plantagineum, Linn 222

plumosum, Bory 214

polyodon, Forst 218

pohjpodioides, Metten 223

polypodioides, Sw 212

prcemorsum, Lowe 219

prsmorsum, Sw 219

productum, Presl 213

productum, Lowe 217

proliferum, Lara 227

prolongatum, Ilook 214

protensum, Kaulf. 290

pubescens, Moore and Houlst. 221

pulchellum, Hort 213

pulcbellum, Radd 213

pumilum, Sw 213

rachirhizon, Radd. 216

radiatum, Sw 219

radicans, Prit 212

radicans, Sw 216

reclinatum, Moore and Houlst. 212

refr actum, Moore 215

resectum, Sin 314

rhizophorum, Linn 216

rhizophyllum, Linn 226

Richardi, Hook, fil 2l5

rutrafolium, Presl 214

Ruta-muraria, Linn 218

salicifolium, Linn 212

scandens, Hort 214

Schizodon, Moore 314

Scolopendrium, Linn 224

Seelosii, Leybold 218

septentrionale, Hoffm. .. „ 218

Serra, Lang, et Fisch. 217

serratum, Linn 209

setulosum, Hort 221

Shepherdi, Hort 222

sinuatum, Beauv 210, 354

315

213

218

315

215

212

211

314

213

215

214

315

222

216

2S0

223

213

219

217

209

219

215

214

217

213

213

217

221

217

219

228

213

211

217

220

212

314

216

210

226

226

290

217

219

269

314

314

214

214

212

INDEX.

423

Asplenium —

squamulatum, Hook. ..'page

stipitatum, J. Sin

striatum, Linn

strigillosum, Lowe

subalatum, Hook, et Am. ..
subsinualum, Hook, et Grev.

tenellum, Jtoxb

tenerum, Forst

theJypteroid.es, Michx

Thwailesii, A. Er

Trichomanes, Linn

umbrosum, J. Sm

Veitchianum, Moore

viride, Huds

viviparum, Presl

Wightianum, Wall

zamicefolium, Lodd

Zeylanicum, Hook

Athyrium.

australe, Presl

Ceylonense, Moore

conchatum, Fee

Filix-fcemina, Roth

foliolosum, Moore

oxyphyllum, Moore

tenuifrons, Moore

Ealantium, Kaulf.

antarcticum, Presl

arborescens, Hook

auricomum, Kaulf

chrysotrichum, Hassk

Culcita, Kaulf

Sellowiana, Presl

Bathmium.

Billardieri, Y6e

ebeneum, Fde

macrophyllum, Link

repandum, F6e

trifoliatum, Link

Elechnum, Linn

angustifolium, Willd

attenuatum, Metten

australe , Linn

boreale, Sw.

Boryana, Schlecht

Erasiliense, Desv

callophyllum, Lang. etFisch.
campylotis, J. Sm

Blechnum —

Capense, Schlecht page 202

cartilagineum, Sw 198

cognatum, Presl 197

conjugatum, Klot 197

Corcovadense , Radd 198

fraxineum. Willd. 198

glandulosum, Kunze 197

glandulosum, Link 197

gracile, Kaulf. 198

bastatum, Kaulf. 198

intermedium, Link 198

Japonicum, Linn 205

lsevigatum, Cav 198

Lanceola, Sw 196

lanceolatum, Radd 196

lalifolium, Presl 198

latifolium, Moritz 198

longifolium, H.B.K. 198

nitidum, Pr 612

occidentals, Linn 197

onocleoides, Sw 201

orientale, Linn 198

polypodioides, Radd 196

procerum, Labill 202

punctvdatum, Sw 202

radicans, Linn 305

scandens, Bory 209

serrulatum, Rich 198

Spicant, Sm 201

stagninum, Radd 198

stramineum, Labill - 198

striatum, R. Br 198

triangulare, Link 197

triangulatum, J. Sm 197

trifoliatum, Kaulf 196

Virginicum, Linn 205

volubile, Kaulf. 205

Botrychium, S^o 273

daucifolium, Wall 325

dissectum, Spreng 274

Lunaria, Siv 274

lunarioides, Sw 274

lunarioides, Schk 274

obliquum, Muhl 274

rutaceum, Sw 274

simplex, Hitch 274

Virginianum, Sw 274

Virginicum, Willd 274

Botryogramma.

Karwinskii, Fde 128

210

210

222

221

212

209

212

290

223

223

211

221

214

215

215

314

219

222

221

221

223

219

221

220

221

237

239

239

239

319

238

239

145

144

145

145

145

196

198

201

202

201

202

198

198

198

424 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Botrypus.

Ceterach —

lunarioides, Michx

page 274

cordata, Kaulf.

page

Bowringia.

officinarum, Willd

insignis, Hook

.... 204

pedunculata, Hook, et Grev.

Brainea, J . Sm

polypodioides, Radd. . .

insignis, J. Sm

Cbeilanthes, Sw

174,

Alabamensis, Kunze . .

Ccmopleris.

amauroraehis, Kunze . .

appendiculata, Labill.

.... 215

arborescens, Sw

Fabiana, Bory

.. . . 215

argentea, Kunze

ilaccida, Thunb

.... 214

Borsigiana, Reicbenb.

• • • •

myriophylla, Sw

brachypus, Kunze . . . .

Novce-Zelandicc, Sprang

.... 214

Brasiliensis, Radd

Odontites, Thunb

.... 214

Capensis, Sw

vivipara, Sw

cuneata, Link

Callipteris, Bory

dealbata, Don

esculenta, J. Sm

elegans, Desv

Malabarica, J. Sm

.... 227

Ellisiana, Hort

prolifera, Bory

.... 227

farinosa, Kaulf.

Serampurense, Fee . . .

2^7

Fendleri , Hook

sylvatica, Bory -

.... 223

fragrans, Sw

Cumpteria.

frigida, Linden

biaurita, Hook

.... 194

glauca, Metten

Camplosorus.

gracillinia , Eat

rhizophylluSt Link . . .

226

Campyloneurum, Presl .

.... 100

intramarginalis, Hook.

angustifolium, Fee . . .

.. .. 101

lendigera, Lowe

angustifolium, Moore .

.... 101

lendigera, Sw

brevifolium, Zink ...

Maderensis, Lowe . . .

ccespitosum, Link . . .

.... 101

Matthewsii, Kunze . . . .

decurrens, Presl

. .. .. 102

micromera. Link

ensifolium, J. Sm. . . .

microphylla, Sw

.... 101

micropteris, Sw

latum, Moore

multifida, Sw

lucidum, Moore

.... 101

myriophylla, Desv. . . .

nitidum, Presl

odora, Sw

Phjllitidis, Presl

pedata, A. Br

repens, Presl

Prcissiana, Kunze . . . .

rigidum, J. Sm

profusa, Kunze

Cardiochlcena.

pteroides, Sw

macrophylla, Fee 145

pulchella, Bory

Cassebeera.

pulveracea, Presl . . .

farinosa, J. Sm

radiata, J. Sm

Ceratodactylis.

rufescens, Link

. 128

Ceratopteris, Brongn. . . .

133, 356

spectabilis, Kaulf. .. .

Parkeri, J. Sm

.... 134

spinulosa, Link

thalictroides, Brongn.

. 134, 360

suaveolens, Sw

Ceterach, Willd

228

tenuifolia, Sw

aspidioides, Willd. . . .

124

tenuis, Hort

auieum, Desv

.... 317

tomentosa, Link

317

22S>

296

124

309

176

171

171

176

173

172

176

176

180

176

174

174

176

309

175

174

180

309

174

180

174

174

175

309

176

176

175

176

174

175

177

176

180

176

309

176

177

ISO

176

176

193

175

176

174

174

INDEX.

425

Cheilanthes —

vestita, Sw page

viseosa, Link

Chnoophora.

glauca , Blume

Chrysodium.

aureum, Ft5e

Chrystopteris.

dictyocallis, Fee

longipes. Link

peltidea, Link

lerminalis, Link

Cibotiuni, Kaulf.

Barometz, J. Sm 240,

Billardieri, Kaulf

Cumingii, Kunze

glaucescens, Kunze

Menziesii, Hook

princeps, J. Sm

princeps, Linden

regale, Linden

Sehiedei, Schlecht

special) He, Lind

Wendlandii, Mett

Cincinalis, Desv

Fendleri, Kye

flavens, Desv

Hookeri, J. Sm

nivea. Desv

pulcliella, J. Sm

tenera, Fee

Cionidium.

Moorei, Moore

Cnemidaria.

ho'.rida, Presl

speciosa, Presl

Colysis, Presl

dilatata, J. Sm

hemio nit idea, Presl

membranacea, J. Sm

Spectra, J. Sm

Coniogvamma, Fee

Javanica, F(e

Cvaspedaria.

rupestris, Link

Cryptogramraa, R. Br

crispa, R. Br

Ctenopteris, Rl

tricbomanoides, Sw

Calcita.

macrocarpa, Presl

Cuspidaria.

furcata, Fee page 91

Cyathea, Sm. 241

aculeata, Willd 2 42

arborea, Sm 241, 365

arborea. Hook 242

Beyrichiana, Presl 244

Burkei, Hook 320

canaliculata, Willd 242

capensis, Sm 244

Cunningbamii, Hook 242

dealbata, Sw 242, 365

dentata, Sm 160

Dregei , Kunze 242

elegans, Hew 241

excelsa, Sw 242

fragilis, Sm 160

funebris, Lind 320

grandifolia, Willd 243

Grevilleana, Mart 241

Hookeri, Thw 2 42

horrida, Sm 243

Imrayana, Hook 320

incisa, Sm 161

insignis, Ait 291, 320

integra, J. Sm 242

Manniana, Hook 242

medullaris, Sio 242, 365

muricata, Willd 242

nigrescens, J. Sm 242

Schanshin, Mart 320

serra, Willd 242

sinuata, Hook, et Grev 241

Smithii, Hook 242

speciosa, Hu mb 243

spinulosa, Wall 320

villosa, H. B. K 245

Walkerce, Hook 320

Cyclodiura, Presl 141

confertum, Presl 141

Cyclopeltis, J. Sm 165

semicordata, J. Sm 165

Cyclophorus.

Lingua, Desv 100

Cyrtomium, Presl 141

abbreviatum, J. Sm 302

caryotideum, Presl 143

falcatum, Presl 142

Fortunei, J. Sm 286

juglandifolium, Moore .... 143

174

175

245

120

84

94

94

94

239

366

239

240

240

240

291

291

291

240

319

319

178

?G9

178

178

178

178

178

148

243

243

97

296

98

98

98

127

127

100

177

177

301

302

238

426

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Cystea.

regia, Sm page

Cystopteris, Bernh

alpina, Desv

atomaria, Presl

bulbifera, Bernh

dentata, Hook

Bickieana, Sira

fragilis, Bernh

raontana, Bernh

regia, Presl

tenuis, Schott

Danasa, Sm 269,

alata, Sm

nodosa, Sm

simplicifolia, Budge

Dwea.

Belangcri, Bory ._

bifida, Kaulf

cicutaria, Sm

incequalis, Willd

rutafiolia, Sm

Davallia, Sm

aculeate i, Sm

adiantoides, Sw

affinis, Hook

alpina, B1

an gust at a, Wall

bidentata, Schk

Boryana, Hook, et Grev. ..

bul lata, Wall

Canariensis, Sm

chcerophylla, Wall

ciliata, Hook

clavata, Sw

concinum, Sclirad

Cumingii, Hook

decora, Moore

dissecta, J. Sm

divaricata, Blume

elata, Sw

elegans, Sw

flaccida, R. Br

flagellifera, Wall

hemiptera, Bory

heterophylla, Hook, et Grev.
hirta, Kaulf. . . .
hispida, Hew. ...
immersa, Wall. .

Khasyana, Hook.

Davallia —

Kunzeana, Uort page 76

Lindenii, Hook 319

Lindleyi, Hook 76

Lonchitidea, Wall 233

majuscula, Lowe 233

Mauritiana, Hook 294

membranulosa. Wall 294

Mooreana, Mast 294

nitidula, Kunze 76

Novce-Zelandicc, Colenso . . 233

ornata, Wall 76, 352

pallida, Mett 294

parvula, Wall 77

pectinala, Sm 293

pedata, Sm 75

pentaphylla, Blume 76

pinnata, Cav 318

platyphylla, Don 233

polyantha, Hook 76

polypodioides, Don 233

pulchra, Don 77

pyxidata, Cav 76, 352

repens, Desv 318

rhomboidea, Wall 233

Saccoloma, SpreDg 235

scabra, Don 233

solida, Sw 76

solida, Hook 76

strigosa, Sw 232

tenuifolia, Sw 232

Thwaitesii, Bak 319

trichosticha, Hook 233

triphyUa, Hook 76

Tyermanii, Bak 294

vestita, B1 293

villosa, Wall. ........ . . 233

Vogelii, Hook 76

Dennstcedtia.

adiantoides, Moore 236

anthriscifolia, Moore 237

cicutaria, Moore 237

davallioides, Moore 237

dissecta, Moore 237

Moluccana, Moore 237

iiitidida, Moore 237

Pavoni, Moore 237

punclilobula, Moore 236

rubiginosa, Moore 237

tenera, Moore _.. 237

Deparia, Hook, et Grev 235

161

159

161

160

160

160

160

160

161

161

160

367

269

269

324

214

214

216

214

214

75

232

319

77

293

293

76

318

76

76

77

77

317

315

75

76

76

76

76

76

233

318

318

. 75

319

233

. 77

233

INDEX.

427

Deparia —

Macros', Hook, et Grev. page 236

Moorei, Hook 148

prolifera, Hoolc. et Grev 236

Diacalpe, Bl 307

aspidioides, Bl 307

Dicksonia, L'Herit 238, 366

adiantoides, Hu mb 236

antaretica, Labill 239, 364

anthriscifolia, Kaulf 237

arboresceos, L’Hdrit. . . 239, 365

auricoma, Spreng 239

chrysostricha, Moore 319

cicutaria, Sw 237

Culcita, L’Hdrit 238

davallioides, R. Br 237

Deplauchei, Vieille 319

dissecta, Sw 237

fibrosa, Col 319

flaccidum, Sw 319

•Integra, Sw 239

lanata, Colenso 239

Moluccana, Blume 237

nitidula, Kunze 237

Pavoni, Hook 237

pilosiuscula, Willd 236

Plumierii, Hook 319

prolifera, Kaulf. 236

pubescens, Schk 236

punctiloba, Hook 236

repens, Bory 318

rubiginosa, Kaulf 237

Sellowiana, Hook 239

Smithii, Hook 319

squarrosa, Sw 239, 365

Wendlandii, Bah 319

Youngii, Moore 291

Diclisodon.

deparioides, Moore 159

Dicranoglossum, J. Sm 91

furcatum, J. Sm 91

Dictymia, J. Sm 88

attenuata, J. Sm 89

Dictyocline, Moore 302

Wilfordii, J. Sm 303

Hictyoglossum.

crinitum, J. Sm 108

Dictyogramma, Fee 128

japonica, Fee 128

Dictyopteris, Presl 135

attenuata, Presl 89

Dictyopteris —

Cameroon iana, J. Sm. . .page 285

irregularis , Presl 135

macrodonta, Presl 285

various, Moore £85

Dictyoxiphium, Hook 133

Panamense, Hook 133

Didymochhena, JDesv 165

lunulata, Desv 166

sinuosa, Desr 166

truncatula, J. Sm 166

Digrammaria.

ambigua, Presl 227

esculenta, Fde 227

Diplazium, Sw 221

acuminatum, Presl 223

acuminatum, Radd 222

alternifolium, Blume 222

ambiguum, J. Sm 222

arborescens, J. Sm 223

brevisorum, J. Sm 223

coarctatum, Link 223

conchatum, J. Sm 223

costale, Presl 223

decussatum, J. Sm 223

dilatatum, Blume 223

diversifolium, Wall 222

esculentum, Sw 227

expansum, Willd 222

fabcEfolium, J. Sm 223

Franconis, Lieb 223

fraxinifolium, Wall 315

giganteum, Hort. Lind 228

grandifolium, Sw 222

integrifolium, J. Sm 222

juglaudifolium, Sw 222

Klotzschii, Moore - 223

lanceum, Presl 209

lasiopteris, Kunze 223

Malabaricum, Spreng 227

marginatum, Hort 223

plantagineum, Sw 222

polypodioides, Blume 223

proliferum, Kaulf 227

pubescens. Link 227

pulcheirimum, Radd 166

Pullingeri, Bak. 315

Serampurense, Spreng 227

Sheplierdi, Link 222

Shepherdi, Presl 222

striatum, Presl 222

428

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Diplazium —

subalatum, Hew page 222

sylvaticum, Sw 223

thelypteroides, Presl 223

Thwaitesii, A. Br 223

Zeylanicum, Moore 222

Discostegia.

alata, Presl 266

Displienia.

aculeata, Presl 242

arborea, Presl . . 241

Grevilleana, Kunze 241

Doodia, if. Br 199

aspera, if. Br 199

blech noides, A. Cunn 199

caudata, Hort 199

caudata, if. Br 199

dives, Kame - 199

duriuscula, Moore 312

linearis, J. Sm 199

lunulata, if. Br 199

maxima, Lowe 199

rupestris, Kaulf 199

Doryopteris, J. Sm 194

collina, J. Sm 195

palmata, J. Sm 195

pedata, J. Sm 195

sagittifolia, J. Sm 195

Drymoglossum, Presl 89

lanceolatum, J. Sm 90

piloselloides, Presl 89

Drynaria ,Bory 102, 349

coronans, J. Sm 103

diversifolia, J. Sm 103

Fortune), Moore 87

glauca, J. Sm 94

Heraclea, J. Sm 103

Hillii, Hort 103

melanococca, Moore and

Houlst 94

morbillosa, J. Sm 103

mussefolia, J. Sm 103

pinnata, Fee 103

propinqua, J. Sm 103

quercilolia, Borg 103

revoluta, J. Sm 88

rubida, J. Sm 94

Dryomenis, Fee 134

plantagiuea, /. Sm 135

Egenolfia, Schott Ill

I Egenolfia —

appendiculata, J. Sm...page 111
Hamiltoniana, Schott .... Ill

Elaphoglossutn, Schott . . 104, 351

apodum, Schott 106

Blumeanum, J. Sm 106

brachyneuron, J. Sm 106

callaefolium, /. Sm 105

conforme, Schott 105

crassinerve, J. Sm 105

cuspidatum, J. Sm 106

Funckii, Moore 105

Herminieri, J.Sm 105

latifolium, J. Sm 105

longifolium, J. Sm. 107

melaDopus, Kunze 298

microlepis, J. Sm 105

niuscosum, J. Sm 106

palustre, J. Sm 298

perelegans, J. Sm 298

piloselloides, J. Sm 105

Prestooi, /. Sm 298

rubiginosum, J. Sm 106

scolopendrifolium, J. Sm. . . 106

Sieberi, J. Sm 105

squamosum, /. Sm 106

stigmatolepis, J. Sm 105

undulatum, J. Sm 106

vestitum, Loire 106

villosum, J. Sm 298

Ellobocarpus.

oleraceus, Kaulf 134

Eupodium, J. Sm 267

Kaulfussii, J. Sm 267

Fadyeda, Hook 143

prolifera, Hook 143

Feea, Bory 255

nana, Bory 256

polypodina, Bory 256

spicata, Presl 256

Gleichenia, if. Br 247, 360

alpiua, if. Br 248

cryptocarpa, Hook 249

Cunninghami, Hew 249

dicarpa, R. Br 248

dichotoma, Hook 249

excelsa, J. Sm 321

flabellata, if. Br 248

furcata, Spreng 249

INDEX.

429

Gleichenia —

gigantea, Wall page

glauca, Hook

hecistopbylla, A. Cunn

Hermanni, R. Br

Hermanni, Hook

immcrsa, Spreng

microphylla, R. Br

pectinata, Presl

pubescens, Kunth

rupestris, R. Br

semivestita, Labill

Spelunc®, R. Br

Goniophlebium, Presl .... 80,

adnatum, Kunze

albo-punctatum, J. Sm

appendiculatum, Moore ....

argutum, J. Sm

californicum, Kaulf.

Catharin®, J. Sm

chnoodes, Fee

ciliatum, J. Sm

colpodes, J. Sm,

cuspidatum, Presl

dissimile, J. Sm

distans, J. Sm

fraxinifolium, J. Sm

glaucophyllum, Kunze ....

glaucum, J. Sm

harpeodes, J. Sm

in®quale, J. Sm

l®tum, J. Sm

latipes, Moore and Houlst.

loriceum, J. Sm

menisciifolium, J. Sm

neriifolium, J. Sm

Owariense, Lodd

piloselloid.es , J. Sm

plectolepis. Fee

PleopcUis, Fee

plesiosorum, Kunze

rhagadiolepis, Fee

Scouleri, J. Sm

serpens, Moore

subauriculatum, Presl

surrucuchense, Hook

vacillans, J. Sm

vacciniifolium, J. Sm

verrucosum, J. Sm

Goniopteris, Presl

aspleuoides, Presl

Goniopteris —

crenata, Presl page 1 38

Fosterii, Moore 138

fraxinifolia, Presl 138

Gheisbreghtii, J. Sm 138

gracilis, Moore 137

megalodus, Presl 138

pennigera, J. Sm 138

prolifera, Presl 138

refracta, J. Sm 140

reptans, Presl 137

scolopendrioides, Presl .... 137

serrulata, J. Sm 138

stegnogrammoides, J. Sm... 303

subpinnata, Hoit 137

tetragona, Presl 138

vivipara, J. Sm 138

Grammitis, Sw 122

aurita, Moore 170

Australis, R. Br 122

Billardierii, Willd 122

caudiformis, Hook 97

Ceterach, Sw 229

decurrens, Wall 97

elongata, Sw 87

Hewardii, Moore 124

Hispanica, Coss 126

lanceolata, Schkr 87

leptophylla. Sw 126

Linkiana, Presl 124

longifolia, Blume 88

marginella, Sw 122

rutee/olia, R. Br 126

serrulata, Sw 123

totta, Presl 124

Gymriogramma, Desv 125, 356

aspidioides, Kaulf. 124

aspUnioides, Sw 124

aurita , Hook 170

Calomelanos, Kaulf. 125

caudiformis. Hook 97

ch®ropbylla, Desv 126

chrysophylla, Kaulf. 126

cordata, Hook 317

decomposita, Bak 299

decurrens, Hook 97

ferruginea, Kunze 126

flavens, Kaulf 178

flexuosa, Desv 284, 356

gracilis, Hew 124

Japonica, Hook 128

321

321

248

249

242

249

248

249

249

248

248

248

349

295

81

81

82

295

81

81

85

81

82

R1

81

81

295

81

81

82

81

81

81

81

82

86

84

81

82

295

80

295

85

82

295

81

85

83

137

138

430

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Gymnogramma —

Javanica, Blume page

lanata, Klot

leptophylla, Desv

L’Herminieri, Berry

Linkiana, Kunze

Loved, Hook, et Grev

Martensii, Bei-y

Muelleri, Hook

ochracea, Presl

Pearcii, Moore

pedata, Kaulf.

Peruviana, Desv

polypodioides, Spreng

pulchella, Linden

Raddiana, Link

retrofracta, Hook, et Grev.

rufa, Desv

rupcstris, Kunze

rutaefolia, Hook, et Grev

subglandulosa, Hook. et

Grev

sulphurea, Desv

Tartarea, Desv

tomentosa, Desv

totta, Schlecht

triangularis, Kaulf.

trifoliata. Desv

villosa, Link

Gymnopteris, Bemh

acuminata, Presl

aliena, Presl

axillaris, Presl

dccurrens, J. Sm

Gaboonense, J. Sm

nicotiansefolia, Presl

spicata, Presl

quercifolia, Bernh

Gymnotheca.

cicuteefolia, Presl

laxa, Presl

Verschafcltiana, De Yriese

Haplopteris, Presl

lineata, /. Sm

scolopendrina, Presl

Hemicardium.

Nephrolepis, Fee

Hemidictyum, Presl

marginatum, Presl

Helminthostachys, Kaulf.. . . .

Helminthostachys —

j dulcis, Kaulf page 273

Zeylanica, Kook 273

Hemionitis, Linn 128

Cayennensis, llesv 130

citrifolia, Hook 109

cordifolia, Roxb 129

discolor, Schk 101

esculenta, Retz 227

Japonica, Thumb 128

lanceolata, Linn 130

Muelleri, J. Sm 299

palmata, Linn 129

pedata, Sw 129

planlaginea, Don 98

pothifolia, Desv 97

reticulata, Forst 130

rufa, Sw 125

sagittata, Fde 129

tomentosa, Radd 125

Wilfordii, Hook 303

Hemitelia, R. Br 242

capensis, R. Br 244

grandifolia, Spreng 243

Guianensis, Hook 244

horrida, R. Br 243, 365

Hostmanni, Hook 244

Imrayana, Hook 243

integrifolia, Klot 243

Karsteniana, Klot 243

obtusa, Kaulf. 243

speciosa, Kaulf. 243

speciosa, Mart 243

Surinamensis, Miquel 244

Walkerce, Hook 320

Heteremeuron.

punctulatum, Fee 117

proliferum, Fde 117

Humata, Cav 75

affinis, Metten 77

alpiua, J. Sm 293

angusta, J. Sm 293

chcerojthylla, Metten 77

Cumingii, J. Sm 75

heterophylla, J. Sm 75

immersa, Metten 77

ophioglossa, Cav 75

pectinata, J. Sm 293

pedata, J. Sm 75

pinnatifida, Cav 75

127

126

126

126

124

124

126

299

126

126

129

126

124

126

124

284

125

124

126

126

126

125

125

124

299

125

125

118

118

118

9„

93

118

118

92

118

266

266

267

131

132

132

165

228

228

272

INDEX.

431

Humata —

Tyermanii, Moore .... page

vestita, J. Sm

Hydroglossum.

heterodoxum, Moors

■ polycarpum , Willd

Hymenodium, Fie

crinitum, Fee .

Hymenolepis, Kaulf.

brachystachys, J. Sm

ophioglossoides, Kaulf

revoluta, Blurae

spicata, Hook

spicata, Presl

Hymenophylluro, Sm 249,

abruptum, Hook

attenuatum, Hook

aeruginosum, Carm

alatum, Scbk

alatum, Sm

asplenioides, Su>

Catherines, Hook

caudiculatum, Mart

Chiloense, Hook

ciliatum, Sw

crispatum, Wall

cruentum, Cav

cupressiforme, Labill

demissum, Sw..

dichotomum, Cav

dilatatum, Sw.

elasticum, Boip

elegans, Spreng

flabellatum, Labill

flexuosum, A. Cunn

fuciforme, Sw

fucoides, Sw

hirsutum, Sw

hirtellum, Sw

interruptura. Kunze

Javanicum, Spreng

lineare, Sw

Magellanicum, Willd

luultifidum, Sw

Neesii, Hook

nitens, Hook, et Grev

pectinatum, Cav

Plumieri, Hook, et Grev. . .

polyanthus, Sw

pulcherrimum, Colenso ....
rarum, R. Br.

Hymenopliylluin —

scabrum, A. Rich page 250

semibivalve. Hook, et Grev! . 250

serieeum, Sw 252

sabina?folium, Bale 322

trifidum, Hook, et Grev. .. 252

Tunbridgense, Sm 251

unilateralc-, Willd 251

valvatum. Hook, el Grev. . . 251

Wilsoni, Hook 251

Hyraenostachys, Bory 256

elegans, Presl 257

Hypochlamys.

pectinata, Fde 223

Hypodematium, Kunze 306

onustum, Kunze 306

Ruppellianum, Kunze .... 306

Hypoderris, R. Br 147

Brownii, J. Sm 147

Hypolepis, Bernh 171

amaurorachis, Hook. 171

Bergiana, Hook 308

capensis, Hook 176

distans, Hook 171

millefolia, Hook 308

pedata, Hook 177

repens, Presl 171

radiala, Hook 177

spectabilis, Link 176

tenuifolia, Bernh 171

Isoetis, Linn 282

lacustris, Linn 282

Isoloma, J. Sm 288

lanuginosa, J. Sm 288

Kaulfussia, Blume 270, 367

aesculifolia, Blume 270

Lastrea, Presl 152

acuminata, Moore and

Houlst 159

temula, J. Sm 158

affinis, Moore 156

atrovirens, J. Sm 159

augesceus, J. Sm 153

Beddomei, J. Sm 3'>5

Bergeanuui, J. Sm 305

Blumei, J. Sm 306

cana, J. Sm 155

Caripense. J. Sm 155

294

293

259

259

107

108

91

92

92

92

92

92

321

250

322

252

253

253

249

322

251

251

251

250

321

251

250

251

251

322

252

250

251

251

251

251

251

322

322

252

322

251

322

250

322

322

250

251

250

432

FBRNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Lastrea —

catopteron, J. Sm page

chrysoloba, Presl

cognata, J. Sm

collina, Newmn

concava, Newmn

concinna, J. Sm

eontermina, Presl

crinita, J. Sm

crinita, Moore

cristata, Presl

cristata, Moore

cuspidata, J. Sm

decomposita, J. Sm

decurrens, J. Sm

decursivo-pinnata, J. Sm. ..

deltoidea, Moore

deparioides, J. Sm

dilatata, Presl

eburnea, Hort. Kew

elegans, Moore

elongata, Presl

erythrosora, J. Sm

falciculata, Presl

falx, Moore

Filix-mas, Presl

flaccidum, Hook

Floridan am, J. Sm

Feenisecii, Watson

fragrans, /. Sm

funesta, Moore

glabella, J. Sm

Goldiana, Presl

gracilescens, Bedd

hirsuta, J. Sm

hirta, Presl

hirtipes, J. Sm

Inspida, Moore and Houlst. .

rmmersa, J. Sm

insequale, J. Sm

intermedia, Presl

invisa, Presl

Kaulfussii, Presl

lacera, J. Sm

lanciloba, J. Sm

latifrons, .7. Sm

marginalis, Presl

meuibranifolia, Presl

Mexicana, Leib

montana, Moore

Napoleonis, J. Sm

Lastrea —

Noveboracensis. Presl ..page 153

obtusiloba, J. Sm 306

opaca, Book 157

Oreopteris, Presl 154

palustris, J. Sm 153

patens, Presl 154

pilosissima, J. Sm 154

podophylla, J. Sm 155, 305

prolixa, J. Sm 305

Pseudo-mas, Wollast 156

pubescens, Presl 153

quinquangularis, J. Sm 153

recedens, J. Sm 154

recurva, Newmn 158

remota, Moore 156

rigida, Presl 156

sagenioides, J. Sm 305

sancta, J. Sm 159

setosa, PI 306

stmicerrdala, Presl 165

Sbepherdi, J. Sm 159

Sieboldi, J. Sm 305

similis, J. Sm 155

sparsa, Moore 287

spectabilis, J. Sm 287

spinulosa, Presl 158

Sprengelii, /. Sm 155

Standishii, Hort 287

strigosa, Presl 155

subquinquifidum, J. Sm. . . 154

Thelypteris, Presl 153

Thwaitesii, J. Sm 306

uliginosa, Newmn 158

undulatum, J. Sm 306

varia, Moore 157

velutina, J. Sm 153

verrucosa, J. Sm 154

vestita, J. Sm 155

villosa, Presl 157, 364

Lepicystis, J. Sm 79

incana, J. Sm 80

rhagadiolepis, J. Sm 80

sepulta, J. Sm 80

squamata, J. Sm 80

Lepidoneuron.

hirsutulum, Fde 16“*

Leptochilus, Kaulf. 92

axillaris, Kaulf. 93

decurrens, Blumt 93

Leptogramma, J. Sm 123

306

155

305

158

158

154

154

305

155

158

158

305

153

154

154

155

159

157

220

154

157

157

155

151

156

306

306

153

306

154

159

157

305

306

159

156

159

154

306

158

153

155

156

305

287

157

287

157

154

157

INDEX.

433

Leptogramma —

asplenioides, J. Sm. . . page

attenuata, J. Sm

anrita, Hort

gracilis, J. Sm

Linkiana, J. Sm

polypodioides, J. Sm

rupestris, J. Sm

totta, J. Sm

villosa, J. Sm

Leptopteris.

Fraser i, Presl

hymcnophylloides, Presl ....

superba, Hook.

Leucostegia, Presl

affinis, J. Sm

Borneensis, J. Sm

chseropbylla, J. Sm

hirsuta, J. Sm

immersa, Presl

membranulosa, J. Sm

parvula, J. Sm

pulchra, J. Sm

Lindssea, Pry 230,

crenata, Klot

cultrata, Sw

dubia, Spr

elegant, Hook

ensifolia, Sw

falcata, Pry

Guianensis, Pry

Javitensis, H. B. K

lanceolata, Labill

lanuginosa, Wall

Leprieuri, Hook

linearis, Sw

Lowei, Hort

microphylla, Sw

obtusa, J. Sm

Panamensis, Mettcn

parvula, Fee

reniformis, Pry

sagittata, Pry

stricta, Pry

trapeziformis, Pry

triehomanoides, Pry

Litobrochia, Presl

areolata, Moore

aurita, J. Sm

biaurita, J. Sm

comans, Presl

Litobrochia —

Currori, J. Sm page 312

dent'culata, Presl 193

elata, Fee 193

grandifolia, J. Sm 193

gigantea, Willd 312

Kunzeana, J. Sm 193

leptophylla, Fee 193

macilenta, J. Sm 193

macroptera, J. Sm 193

Orizabae, J. Sm 193

podophylla, Presl .... 194, 364

polita, J. Sm 193

sagittifolia, Gard. Chron. . . 195

spinulifera, J. Sm 193

tripartita, J. Sm 193

vespertilionis, Presl 194

Llavea, Lag 127

cordifolia. Lag 128

Lomaria, Willd 199

alpina, Spreng 201

antarctica, Carm 201

attenuata, Willd 201

Australis, Link 202

Australis, Lowe .... 202

Banksii, Hook, fil 201

Belli 312

blechnoides. Bory 201

Boryana, Willd 202

campylolis, Kunze 198

Chilensis. Kaulf. 202

ciliata, Moore 312

cinnamomea, Kaulf. 202

Colensoi, Hook, fil 201

crenulata, Hort 290

cycadifolia, Colla 202

cycadoides, Pappe et Raw.. . 312

decomposita, D. Don 188

densa, Kaulf. 202

discolor, Willd 201

elongata, Blume 201

filiformis, A. Cunn 114, 208

fluviatilis, Spreng 201

Fraseri, A. Cunn 202

fraxinea, Willd 284

Germanii, Hook 290

gibba, Labill 201, 312

gigantea, Kaulf. 202

Gilliesii, Hook, et Grev 202

hasla'a, Kunze 198

lanceolata, Spreng 200

2 F

124

124

170

124

124

124

124

124

124

265

265

265

77

77

77

77

77

77

294

77

77

317

230

230

230

230

231

230

230

230

231

288

230

231

163

231

231

133

317

230

230

230

230

231

192

290

194

194

193

434

FEENS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Lomaria —

L’Herminieri, Bory ..page

longilotia, Kaulf

Magtllanica, Desv

minor, Spreng

Meyeriana , Kunze

nigra, Cal

nuda, Willd

obtusifolia, Presl

ODoeleoides, Spreng ,

Patersoni, Spreng

procera, Spreng

propinqua , A. Cunn. .. 114,

pumila. Kaulf.

punctulata, Kunze

rigid a, J. Sm

robusta, Carm

rotundifolia, Raoul

scandens, Wi'.ld

Spicant, Desv

spicata, Willd

striata, Willd

tenuifolia, Desv

tuberculata, J. Sm

vulcanica, Blume

zamioides, Gardn

Lomariopsis, Fee 113,

fraxinea, J. Sm

heteromorpha, J. Sm

longifolia, J. Sm

sorbifolia, Fee

Lomariobotrys.

Meyeriana, Fde

Lonchitis, Linn

Gheisbreghtii. Linden

Lindeniana, Hook

pedata, Linn

pubescens, Willd

repens, Linn

tenuifolia, Porst

Lophidium.

elegans, Presl

Lopbolepis, J. Sm

albida, J. Sm

ciliata, J. Sm

piloselloides, J. Sm

vacciniifolia, J. Sm

Lophosoria. Presl

affinis, Presl

pruinata, Presl

Lorinseria, Presl

! Lorinseria —

areolata, Presl page 207

Harlandii, J. Sm 313

Lotzea.

diplazioides. Klot. et Karst.. 223
Loxoscapbe, Moore.

concinna, Moore 315

Loxsoma, P. Br 234

Cunninghami, R. Br 234

Lycopodium, Linn 275, 325

alpiuum, Linn 276

annotinum, Linn 276

atroviride. Wall 279

Brasiliense, Hurt 279

Brasiliense, Radd 278

carinatum, Desv 325

caulescens, Wall 279

cernuum, Linn 277

ciliatum, Willd 279

clavatum, Linn 276

complanatum. Linn 277

convolutum. Walk, et Arn. . 280

dendroideum, Michx 277

densum, Labill 276

denticulatum, Linn 278

dichotomum. Jacq 325

erythropus, Mart 279

fastigiatum, R. Br 277

flabdlatum, Linn 279

gnidioides, Linn 325

Helveticum. Linn 278

Hookeri, Wall 277

inaequalifolium. Hook. et

Grev 279

inundatum, Linn 276

involvens, Sw 280

leevigatum, Willd 279

lepidophyllum, Hook. et

Grev 280

linifolium, Linn 325

lucidulum, Mich 325

Lyalli, Hook, et Grev 280

paradoxum, Hort 280

Phlegmaria, Linn 277

pubescens. Wall 280

rupestre, Linn 325

selaginoides, Linn 278

Selagn, Linn 276

serpens, Desv 278

squarrosum, Forst 325

stolonijerum, Mart, et Gal . . 279

201

114

202

202

208

201

201

202

201

200

202

208

202

202

290

202

201

208

201

92

202

208

202

201

202

349

284

114

114

114

208

195

191

196

194

196

171

171

262

84

85

85

84

85

246

247

247

206

INDEX.

435

Lycopodium —

sulcatum, Desv page

taxifolium, Sw

ulicifolium, Vent

verticillatum, Linn

Willdenovii, Desv

Lygodictyon, J. Sm 258,

heterodoxum, J. Sm

Forsteri, J. Sm

lanceolatum, J. Sm

Lygodium, Sw 257,

articulatum, A. Rich

circiunatum, Sw

dichotomum, Sw

flexuosum, Sw

heterodoxum, Kuoze

Japonicum, Sw

lanceolatum, Desv

Lindeni, Hort

microphyllum, R. Br

palmatum, Sw

polystachyum, Wall

reticulatum, Scbk

scandens, Sw

venustum, Sw

Marattia, Sm 2C6,

alata, Sm

Ascensionis, J. Sm

attenuata, Lab

cicutsefolia, Kaulf.

Coopen, Veitch. Cat

elegans, Endl

fraxinea, Sm

Kaulf ussii, J. Sm

Icevis, Kaulf.

Lauchiana, Hort

laxa, Kuuze

macrophylla, Hort

purpurascens, Be Vricse . .
Verschafleltiana, J. Sm. . .

Marginaria.

angustifolia, Presl

ensifoha, Presl

pilosell aides, Presl

verrucosa. Hook

Marsilea, Linn

macropus, Linn

quadrifolia, Linn

Meniscium, Schreb

angustifolium, Willd

Meniscium —

dentatum, Presl page 137

giganteum, Metlcn 136

palustre, Radd 136

prolijerum. Sw 138

pubescens, Linn 138

reticulatum, Sw 137

simplex, Kook 136

Thwaitesii. Kook 302

triphyllum, Sw. 136

Mertensia.

dichotoma, Willd 249

flabelluta, J. Sm 248

gtaucescens. Willd 249

pubescens, H. B. K 249

Mesochliena, R. Br 140

Javanica, R. Br 141

Metaxya.

rostraia, Presl 163

Microbrochis.

apiifolia, Presl 145

Mierolepia, Presl 233

cristata, /. Sm 233

hirsuta, Moore 77

hirla, J. Sm 319

Novae Zelandioe, J. Sm 233

pinoata, J. Sm 318

platypliylla, J. Sm 2^3

poly pod ioides, Presl 233

scabra, J. Sm. 233

strigosa, Moore 233

Thwaitesii, J. Sm 319

trichostica, J. Sm 233

Microsorum, Link 98

irregulare, Link 9S

irioides, Pee 98

sessile, Fde 98

Microstaphyla, Presl 110

bifurcata, Presl 110

Microstegia.

ambigua, Presl 227

esculenta, Presl 227

Mohria, Sw 261

achillcefolia .... 261

thurifraga, Sw 261

Monogonia.

palustris, Presl 191

Myriopteris, Fee 173, 309

elegans, J. Sm 174

Fendleri, Kook 309

frigida, J. Sm 174

2 f 2

279

277

277

277

279

323

259

259

323

323

258

258

258

258

259

258

323

259

258

257

258

259

258

323

324

266

266

324

266

324

266

266

267

267

266

266

266

267

267

101

101

85

83

280

281

281

136

285

436

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Myriopteris —

gracillima, Eat J tr.ge

hirta, J. Sm

iendigera, Fee

marsupianthus, Fee

myriophylla, J. Sm

tomeDtosa, Fee

vestita, J. Sm

Neottopteris, J. Sm

Australasici, J. Sm 226,

Nidus, J. Sm

phy Hitidis, J. Sm

stipilata, J. Sm

Nephrodium, Schott

abortivum, J. Sm

affine, Lowe

albo-punctatum, Desv

amboinense, Pr

ariiculatum, Moore

asplenioides, Michx

Beddomei, Bak

Bergeanum, Bak

biserraium, Presl .........

Borneen.se, Hook

catopteron, Hook

cognatum, Hook

crinitum, Desv

cristatum, Micbx

cuspidatum, Bak

cyatheoides, Kaulf

decompositum, K. Br

deltoideun i, Desv

dcparioides, Hook

edule, D. Dob

datum, Bak

eriocarpum, Hook

ergthrosorum, Eat

exaltatum, R. Br

extensum, Hook

Filix-fosmina, Michx

Fibx-mas, Hook

Filixmas, Michx

Floridanum, Hook

Fcenisecii, Lowe

fragrans, Hook

glabellum, A. CunD

Goldianum, Hook, et Grev.

granulosum, J. Sm

hirsutum, Don

Nephrodium —

hirlipes, Hook page 156

Hookeri, J. Sm 139

incequale, Hm>k 306

intermedium, Bak 306

Javanica, Ho,.k 141

lancilobum, Bak 305

Icete-nirens, Lowe 151

latifrons, Hook 287

Leuzeanum, Hook 146

melanopus, Hook 305

membranifolium, Presl .... 287

Mexicanum, Presl 157

molle, R. Br 140

multilineatum, Moore and

Houlst 139

oblitc alum, R. Br 163

oblusilobum, Bak 306

Oreopteris, Hook 154

Ottonianum, Kunze 153

patens, J. Sm 140

prolixum, Bak 305

pteroides, J. Sm 139

pvbescens, Hook 153

pubercens, D. Don 155

punctilobum, Michx 236

refiactum, j. Sm 140

rigidum, Desv 156

remotum, Hook 156

Sagenioides, Bak 305

setosum, Bak 306

sopboroides, Desv 304

sparsum, Don 287

spinulosum. Hook 157, 158

terminans, J. Sm 139

Thehjpleris, Desv 153

Thwaitesii, Bak 306

tiuncatum, J. Sm 140

undulatum, Bak 306

unitum, R. Br 139

velutinum, Hook 153

venulosum. Hook 139

venustum, J. Sm 140

villosvm, Hook 157

Nephrolepis, Schott 164

biserrata, Schott 165

davallioides, Moore 165

ensifoba, Presl 164

exaltata, Schott 164

falciformis, J. Sm 287

birsutula, Presl 164

I

309

174

174

174

174

174

174

225

354

226

226

210

138

140

156

163

304

139

220

305

305

165

77

306

305

305

158

305

285

153

155

159

164

304

306

157

164

304

220

156

156

306

158

306

159

157

139

306

INDEX.

437

Xepbrolepis —

obliterata, Hook page

pectinata, Schott

platyotis, Kunze

tuberoaa, Presl

undulata, J. Stn

Xeurocallis, Pee

piaestantissiina, Fee

Neuronia.

asplenioides, Don

Xeurodium, Pee

lanceolatum. Pee

Xiphobolus, Kaulf. 99,

acrostichoides, Hort. Kew...

adnascens, Kaulf.

Africanum, Kunze

angustatus, Spreng

bicolor, Kaulf.

costatus, Presl

Gardneri, Kunze

Heteractis, J. Sin

Lingua, Spreng

macrocarpus, Hook

pertusus, Spreng

rupestris, Spreng

Sinensis Hort

spheerocephalus, Hook

Xiphopsis. J. Sm

angustatus, J. Sm

Xotholaena, R Br 172,

brachypus, /. Sm,

Canariense, J. Sm

caDescens, Kze

chrysophylla, Hort

crassifolia, Moore & Houlst.

distans, R. Br

Eckloniana, Kunze

Fendleri, Hook

ferruginea, Hook

Hookeri, Lowe

incana. Presl

lsevis, Mart, et Gal

lanuginosa, Desv

lendigtra, J. Son

Marantae, R. Br

mollis, Kunze

nivea, Desv

profusa, Presl

ru!a, Presl

sinuata, Kaulf.

squamata, Hurt

Xotholaena —

squamosa , Lowe page 172

sulphurea, J. Sm 173

tenera, Gill ,.. 178

trichomanoides, R. Br 172

vestita, Desv 174

Ochropteris, J. Sm 186

pallens, J. Sm 187

Odontoloina, J. Sm 318

Boryana, J. Sm 318

repens, Br 318

Odontosoria, J. Sm 232

aculeata, J. Sm 232, 359

clavata, J. Sm 317

tenuifolia, J. Sm 232

Oleandra, Cav 74, 293, 350

articulata, Presl 74

hirtella, Miq 74

musaefolia, Kunze 293

neriiformis, Cav 74

nodosa, Presl 74

pilosa, Hook, et Bauer .... 74

VVallicbii, Presl 74

Olfersia, Radd 114

cerviua, Presl 115

corcovadensis, Radd 115

longifolia, Presl 107

Onoelea, Linn 206

attenuata, Sw 201

Boryana, Sw 202

Capensis , Linn 202

nuda, Labill 201

obtusiloba, Scbk 202

Orientalis, Hook 308

scandens, Linn 208

sensibilis, Linn 206

Striata, Sw 202

Struthiopteris, Sw 167

Onychium, Kaulf. 187

auratum, Kaulf. 188

Capensis, Kaulf 188

Japonicum, Kunze 188

lucidum, Hort. Kew 188

Ophioglossum, Linn 270

flexuosum, Linn 258

furcatum, J. Sm 272

Japonicum, Thunb 258

Lusitanicuoi, Linn 270

palmatum, Linn 272

163

164

164

164

164

119

119

74

90

90

296

100

100

296

88

100

100

100

296

100

88

100

loO

100

L3

88

88

308

172

173

308

178

173

172

173

309

172

178

178

173

173

174

173

172

178

180

172

173

172

438

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Ophioglossum —

pedunculosum, Desv. . . page
pendulum, Linn 272,

pendulum , Presl

reticulatum, Linn

scandens, Linn

scandens, Forst

vulgatum, Linn

vulgatum, Hook

Ophiopteris.

i verticillata , Reinw

Osmunda, Linn

adiantifolia, Linn

cinnamomea, L,inn

Claytoniana, Linn

gracilis, Link

lnrsuta, Linn

interrupta, Michx

lancea, Thunb

Lunaria, Linn

Phyllilidis, Linn

procera, Forst

regalis, Linn 261,

spectabilis, Willd

Spicant. Linn

thurifraga, Linn

tomentosa, Lam

Virginica, Linn

Pachypleura.

pedala, Presl

Paragramma, Moore

longifolia, Moore

Parkeria.

pteridioides, Hook

Pellsea, Link

andromedcefolia, Fde

atropurpurea. Link

Bridgesii, Hook

Calomelanos, Link

consobrina, Hook

cordata, Fde

cordata, J. Sm

cuneata, J. Sm

densa, Hook

falcata, Fde

flexuosa, Link.. 181,

geranisefolia, Fee

glauca, J. Sm

gracilis, Hook

Pell sea —

kastata, Link page 180

intramarginalis, J. Sm 180

longimucronata, Eat 309

mucronata, Eat 309

ornithopus, Hook 309

paradoxa, Hook 182

profusa, J. Sm 180

pulchella, Fde 178

rotundifolia, Hook 182

sagittata, Link .... 180

Stelleri, Bak 309

ternifolia, Link 180

Wrightiana, Hook 180, 309

Phanerophlebia.

jtiglandt folia, J. Sm 143

Phegopteris, Fee 168

alpestris, J. Sm 169

ampla, Fee 169

aspidioides, Metten 124

aurita, J. Sm 170

calcarea, Fde 170

concinna, Fde 154

decussata, J. Sm 169

divergens, Fee 170

drepana, J. Sm 170

Dryopteris, Fie 170

effusa, Fie 170

flexilis, J. Sm 169

hastsefolia, J. Sm 169

bexagonoptera, Fie 170

lachnopoda, /. Sm 169

macroptera, Fee 169

molie, J. Sm 308

mollicula, J. Sm 154

platyphylla, J. Sm 309

plumosa, J. Sm 289

polyyodioides, Fde 171

Robertiaua, J. Sm 170

rufescens, Metten 170

rugulosa, Fee 171

rupestris, Metten 124

sancta, Fde 159

Sieberiana, Fee 169

spectabilis, Fee 169

submarginahs, J. Sui 155

trichodes, J. Sm 170

unidentata, J. Sm 170

vulgaris, Metten 171

Walker®, Hook 169

Phlebodium, R. Br 83

270

354

272

272

258

259

272

271

74

263

260

264

264

264

260

264

324

274

261

202

360

264

201

261

259

274

75

87

88

134

179

310

180

310

180

180

182

181

180

309

182

359

180

180

309

INDEX,

439

Phlebodium —

areolatum, J. Sm. .... page

aureum, R. Br

dictyocallis, J. Sm

incequale, Moore

multiseriale, Moore

nigripes, J. Sm

pulvinatum, J. Sm

sporodocarpum, J. Sm

venosum, Moore and Houlst.
Phorolobus.

crispus, Desv

Phymatodes, Piesl 93,

albo-squamata, J. Sm

Billardieri, J. Sm

coronans, Presl

cuspidata, J. Sm

excivata, J. Sm

glauca, J. Sm

incurvata, J. Sm

leiorhiza, Presl

longifolia, J. Sin

longipes, J. Sm

longissima, J. Sm

nigrescens, J. Sm

nuda, J. Sm

peltidea, J. Sm

propinqua , Presl

pustulata, Presl

quercifolia, Presl

saccata, J. Sm

sinuosa, J. Sm

sphcerocephala, Presl

terminals, J. Sin

vulgaris, Presl

Physematium.

molle, KuDze

Pilularia, Linn

globulifera, Linn

Platycerium, Desv 120,

j B'hiopicum , Hook

alcieorne, Gaud

bi forme, Blume

grande, J. Sm

Stemmaria, Desv

Wallicbii, Hook

Willi nckii, Moore

Platyloma, J. Sm

andromedaefolia, Kaulf. ....

be I la, Moore

brachyptera, Moore

Platyloma —

Bridgesii, J. Sm page 310

Brownii, J. Sm 182

Calomelanos, J. Sm 180

falcata, J. Sm 182

Jlexuosa, J. Sm 181

geraniifolia, Lowe 180

hastata , Lowe 180

intramarginalis, Lowe .... 180

rotundifolia, J. Sm 182

temifolia, J. Sm 180

i Pleocnemia, Presl 146

Leuzeana, Presl 146

Pleopeltis, Humb 86, 350

albo-squamata, Presl 94

angustata, Presl 88

Billardieri, Moore 93

elongata, J. Sm 87

excavata, J. Sm 87

glauca, Moore 94

Helena, Presl 87

incurvata, Moore 94

lanceolata, Presl 87

lepidota, Presl 87

leiorhiza, Moore 94

longissima, Moore 94

loriformis, Presl 87

lycopodioides, Presl 86

macrocarpa, Kaulf. 87

nitida, Moore 86

nuda, Hook 87

nuda. Hook 87

percussa, Presl 86

phymatodes, Moore 94

pustulata, Moore 93

plantaginea, Moore 135

serpens, Presl 85

squamulosa, Presl 86

stigmatica, Presl 86

Pleuridium, Fee 95, 349

albo-punctatissimum, J. Sm. 95

angustatum, J. Sm 96

crassifolium, Fee 95

urassinervum, J. Sm 95

juglandifolium, J. Sm 96

oxylobum, Presl 96

palmatum, J. Sm 96

rupestre, Fee 95

triquetrum, J. Sm 95

venustum, J. Sm 96

Poecilopteris, Eschw 117

83

83

84

82

84

296

84

83

86

177

349

94

93

103

94

87

94

94

94

88

94

94

94

87

94

103

93

103

94

296

88

94

94

162

282

282

351

121

121

121

121

121

121

298

181

310

310

310

440

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Pcecilopteris —

crispatula, J. Sm page 117

flagellifera. J. Sm 117

prolifera, J. Sm 117

punctulata, Presl 117

Poly bo try a, Humb. et

Bonpl 112, 349

acuminata, Link 113

apiifolia, J. Sm 112

aurita, Blume 116

caudaia, Kunze 113

cylindrica, Kaulf 112

incisa , Link 113

osmundacea, H. B. K 112

seiratifolia, Klot 116

speciosa, Schott 112

vivipara, Hook. Ill

Polycampium.

Lingua, Presl 100

Polypodium, Linn 78

acrosticlioides, Forst 100

aculeatum, Linn 150

aculeatum, Radd 244, 245

adnascens, Sw 100

adnatum, Kunze 295

cemulum, Ait 158

affine. Mart 78

Africanum, Kunze 296

albo-punctatum, Radd 81

albo.punctatissimvm, Linden 95
albo-squamatu.ni, Blume .... 94

alpestre, Hoppe 169

alpinum, Jacq 161

amplum, Humb 169

amphostemon, Kunze 101

angulatum, Willd 144

anguslatum, Blume 96

angustatum, Sw 88

angustifolium, Sw 101

anomalum, Hook, et Aro. . . 151
appendicutatum, Linden. .. . 81

arboreum, Linn 241

arcolatum, Willd 83

argutum, Wall 82

aristatum, Forst 151

armatum, Sw 245

asperum, Linn 244

aspleniotdes, Sw 138

attenuatum, R. Br 89

aureum, Linn 83

avenium, Desv S7

Polypodium —

axillart, Ait page 221

Barometz, Lour 240

Billardieri, R . Br 93

bisen-atum, Mart, et Gal. . . 79

blechnoides, Rich 168

brevifolium, Link 102

bulbiferum, Linn 160

ccespitosum, Link 101

calcareum, Sm 170

Californicum, Kaulf 295

Cambricum. Linn 79

Cameroonianum, Hook 285

Capense, Linn 244

capitellatum. Wall 96

Caripense, H. et B 155

Catherines, Lang, et Fisch. 81

caudiforme, Blume 97

cicutarium, Linn 145

ciliatum, Willd 85

colpothrix, Kunze 82

colpodes, Kunze 81

compositum, Link 137

concinnum, Willd 154

conjtuens, Wall 258

contiguum, Wall 88

coriaceum, Radd 95

coronans, Wall 103

costatum, Wall 100

crassifotium, Linn 95

crassinervium, Blume 95

crenatum, Hook. 138

crenatum, Sw 138

crinitum, Poir 155

cristatum, Linn 158

crystallinum, Kunze 159

cuspidatum, Blume 82

cuspidatum, Preal 87

dealbatum, Forst 242

decurrens, Radd 102

decursivo-pinnatum, Hook. . . 154

decussatum, Linn 169

deflexum, Lodd 81

dentatum, Dicks 160

Biance, Hook 308

dichotomum, Thunb 249

dictyocallis, Lowe 84

dilatatam. Wall 296

dimoiphum. Link 101

dissimile, Linu 81

discans, Radd 81

IXDEX.

441

Polypodium —

diveryens, Willd page

diver sifolium, R. Br

diversifolium, Willd

drepanum, Lowe

Dryopteris, Linn

effueum, Sw

elongatum, Ait

elongatum, Wall

ensifolium, Willd

evectum, Forst

exaltatum, Linn

excavatum, Bory

falcatum, Linn

fasciale, Humb

Mipes, Moore

Filix-fcemina, Linn

FUix-mas, Linn

flexile, Moore

fontanum, Linn

formosum, Lowe

fragile, Linn

fragrans, Linn

fratemum, J. Stn

fraxinifolium, Jacq

fraxinifolium, Lowe

Gardneri, Metten

Gaudichaudi, Bory

geminatum, Schrad

Gheisbrtghtii, Linden

glaucistipes, Wall

glaucophyllum, Hook

glaucum, Hort

glaucum, Radd

glaucum, Tbunb

globuliferum, Poir

gonatodes, Kunze

grammicum, Spr

grandidens, Kunze

grandifolium, Wall

granulosum, Presl

griseum, Schk

Guatemaleme, Hook

harpeodes, Link

hastoefolium, Sw

hemionitideum, Wall

Henchmannii, J. Sm

Heracleum, Kunze

Heteractes, Mett

hexagonopterum, Michx. . .
Hippocrepis, Jacq

Polypodium —

kirsutissimum, Radd. ..page 80

horridum, Linn 243

hgperboreum, Sw 162

Jlvense, Sw 162

incequale, Lowe 82

incanum, Sw 80

incurvatum, Blume 94

irioides, Poir 98

irregulare, Presl 135

ileophyllum, Link 86

juglandifolium, Don 66

juglandifolium, Humb 143

Karwinskianum, A. Br 79

lacerum, Thunb 156

lachnopodium, J. Sm 169

Icetum, Radd 81

lanceolatum, Linn 87

lapathifolium, Radd 101

latifolium, Forst 145

latipes, Lang, et Fisch 81

leiopteris, Kunze 87

leiorhizon, Wall 94

lepidopodium, Link 94

leptophyllum, Linn 126

leucorhizon, Klot 101

Leuzeanum, Gaud 146

Lindleyanum, Wall 96

Lingua, Sw 100

lobatum, Huds 150

Lonchitis, Linn 149

longifolium, Presl 81

longissimum, Blume 94

loriceum, Linn 81

loriforme, Wall 87

Lusitanicum, Linn 76

lycopodioides, Linn 86

macrocarpum, Willd 87

macrodon, Reinw 285

macropterum, Kaulf. 169

marginale, Linn 157

marginellum, Sw 122

Martensii, Metten 78

medullare, Forst 242

megalodus, Schk 138

melanoneuron, Miq 94

membranaceum, Don 98

menisciifolium, Lang. et

Fisch 81

metamorphum, Kunze 82

Meyenianum, Hook 297

70

103

93

170

170

170

157

305

101

268

164

87

142

101

163

219

156

169

215

169

160

175

97

81

138

100

103

86

138

103

295

83

81

321

256

81

169

82

89

139

246

82

81

169

98

79

103

296

170

145

442

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Polypodium —
microsorum, Metten . . page

mode, Roxb

molliculum, Kunze

montanum, Vogler

multi fidum , Jacq

muscejolium, Blurae

myriocarpum, Hook

myrti folium, Lodd

neriifolium, Scbk

nigrescens, Blume

ni gripes, Hook

nitidum, Hook.

nitidum, Kaulf

Noveboracense, Lion

nudum, Forst

obtusum, Sw

Oreopteris, Ehrhart

Otites, Hort

Owariense, Desv

oxylobum, Hook

oxylobum, Wall

oxyphyllum, Wall

palmatum, Blume

Paradise*, Lang, et Fisch.
Parheri, Hook, et Giev. ..

pectinatum, Scbk

pectinatum, Linn

peltideum, Link

pellucidum, Kaulf.

pennigerum, Forst

percussum, Cav

perlusum, Roxb

Phegopteris, Linn

phhbodes, Kunze

Phyllilidis, Linn

Phymatodes, Linn

Phymatodes, Sehk

Pica, Lino

pilose! luides, Linn

plantagineum, Linn

platyphyUum, Hook

plebejum, Schlecht

plectolepis, Hook

plumula, Moore

plumosum, Hort

polyanthus, Hort. Brux

polycephalum. Wall

polystichum, Liuk

procerum, Willd. . .

proliferum, Lowe

Polypodium —

propinquum, Wall page 103

pruinalum, Sw 246

pteroides, Retz 139

pubcscens, Linn 153

pulvinatum, Link 84

pustulatum, Forst 93

quercifolium, Linn 103

recedens, J. Sm 154

refractum, Fisch. et Mey. .. 140

regium, Linn 161

Reinicardtii, Kunze 82

repens, Linn 101

reptans, Sw 137

reticulatum, Linn 137

rhceticum, Linn. Herb 219

Robertianum, Hoff. 170

rostratum, Humb 168

rufescins, Blume 170

Tufulum, Presl 80

rugulosum, Labill 171

•rupestre, Blume 95

rupeslre, B. Br 100

sanct\im, Sw 159

Sandvicense, Hook 303

scandens, LabilL 93

Sclikuhrii, Radd 78

scolopendrioides, Sw 137

scolopendrium, Don 87

Scouleri, Hook 295

scriplum, Hort 81

sculptum, Hort 81

sepultum, Kaulf. 80

seipens, Sw 85

scirulatum, Metten 123

serrulatum, Sw 13S

sesquipedale. Wall 87

setosum, Forst 159

Sieberiauum, Kaulf. 169

sinuosum. Wall 296

sororium, H. B.K. 79

spectabile, Kaulf. :. . . 169

spectrum, Kaulf. 98

sphamcephalum, Wall 88

squamatum, Linn 80

squamulosum, Kaulf 86

stegnogrammoides, Bak 303

stigmaticum, Presl 86

subauriculatum, Blume .... 82

submarginale, Lang, et Fisch. 155

103

308

154

154

170

103

295

86

82

94

296

101

102

153

233

162

154

78

86

96

96

220

96

78

168

78

78

94

295

138

86

100

171

87

102

94

94

144

84

135

308

79

81

78

78

102

98

81

245

138

INDEX.

413

Polypodium —

subpetiolatum, Hoolc. .. page
subtriphyllum, Hook, et Arn.

surrucuchense, Hook

tanacelifolium, Iloffra

tenellum, Forst

tenericaule, Wall

tetragonum, Sw

Thelypteris, Sw

Thouiniunum, Gaud

thyssanolepis, A. Br

tottum, Willd

triangulum, Linn

trichodes, Reinw

trichomanoides, Sw

trifoliatum, Linn 144,

triquetrum, Blume

umbrosum, Ait

unidenlatum, Hook

unitum, Linn

vacillans, Link

vacciniifolium, Lang. et

Fisch

varium, Linn

velatum, Schk

venosum, Lowe

venustum, Wall

verrucosum, Wall

vestiturn, Forst

vestiturn, Radd

villosum, Sw

viviparum, Radd

vulyare, Linn

vulgare, Sowerby

WaUichianum, Spr

WiUdenovii, Hook

Polystichum, Roth

acrostichoides, Schott

aculeatum, Roth

aculeatum, Hook

amabile, J. Sm

amplissimura, Presl

angulare, Presl

anomalum, J. Sm .

aristatum, Presl

Braunii, Fde

Capense, J. Sm

concavum, Moore

coniifolium, Presl

coriaceum, Schott

curvifolium, Hort

Polystichum —

denticulatum, J. Sm. ..page 151

drepanum, Presl 170

Dubreuillianum , Gaud 285

falcinellum, Presl 149

flexum, Remy 151

frondosum, J. Sm 151

hispidum, J. Sm 159

laserpitiifolium, Mctt 304

lepidocaulon, J. Sm 286

lobatum, Presl 150

Lonchitis, Roth 149

montanum, Roth 154

mucronatum, Presl 149

munitum, /. Sm 304

obliquum, J. Sm 149

obtusum, J. Sm 151

ordinatum, Fee 287

proliferum, Presl 151

pungens, Presl 151

rhomboideum, Schott 152

Riuhardii, J. Sm 304

semicordalum, Moore 165

setosum, Presl 152

squarrosutn, Fee 151

triangulum, Fee 149

vestiturn, Presl 151

Polytmnium.

lineatum, Desv 130

Psilotum, Sw 274

triquetrum, Sw 275

Psomioearpa, Presl 112

apiifolia, Presl 112

Pteris, Linn 188

acuminatissimum, Blume .. 189

cequalis, Presl 189

Alpinii, Desv 189

allosora. Link 191

amplectans, Wall 189

angustijolia, Sw 133

apicalis, Lieb 193

aquilina, Linn 191

areolata, Lowe 290

argentea, Grnel 176

arguta, Ait 191

argyrea, Moore 190

argyrophylla, Sw 176

aspercaulis, Wall 191

atropurpurea , Linn 180

aurita, Blume 149

Bahamensis, F£e 198

79

145

295

158

163

170

138

153

98

80

124

149

170

302

145

95

221

170

139

81

85

157

80

86

96

83

151

155

157

138

78

79

96

103

148

149

149

149

152

151

150

151

151

150

151

287

151

151

151

4 14

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Pteris —

biaurita, Linn page

Brasiliensis, Radd

Calomelanos, Sw

Chinensis, Hort. Ang

chrysocarpa, Hook, et Grev.

chrysocarpa, Link

collina, Radd

comans, Forst

concinna, Hew

concolor, Lang, et Fisch. . .

consobrina, Kunza

cordata, Cav

costata, Bory

crenata, Sw

Cretica, Linn

Cretica, Blume

crispa, Hort

crispa, Linn

Currori, Hook

deeussata, J. Srn

deflexa, Link

denticulata, Sw

dimidiata, Blume

data, Agard

ensifolia, Sw

esculenta, Forst

falcala, R. Br

fallax, Mart, et Gal

farinosa, Forsk

lelosma, J. Sm

flabellata, Thunb

flabtllata, Schk

fiexuosa, Kaulf

furcata, Linn

gtraniifolia, Radd

Gheisbreghtii, J. Sm

glauca, Cav

glauco-virens, Lind. Cat. . .

gracilis, Michx

grandifolia, LinD

hasta'u, Sw

heterodactyla, Reinw

heterophylla, Linn

Hookeriana, Ag

intermedia, Blume

intramarginalis, Kaulf. ....

Kingiana, Endl

Kunzeana, Agard

laciniata, Willd

lanceolata, Linn

Pteris —

leptophylla, Sw 193

linearis, Poir 193

longifolia, Linn 189

macilenta, A. Rich 193

macroptera, Link 193

multidentata. Wall 190

mutilata, Linn 190

nemoralis, Willd 194

nivea, Lam 178

obliqua, Forst 189

Orizaba, Mart, et Gal 193

Osmundoides, Bory 202

paleacea, Boxb 191

palmata, Willd 195

pahistris, Poir 191

patens, Hook 191

pectinata, Don 191

pedata, Linn 195

pellucens. Ay 312

pentapliylla, Willd 189

piloselloides, Linn S9

podophylla, Sw 194

polita, Link 193

pungens, Willd 190

pyrophylla, Blume 190

quadnaurita, Hook 190

quadriaurita, Betz 190

rotundifolia, Forst 182

rubro-nervia, Linden 191

sagittata, Cav 180

sagittifolia, Radd 195

scaberula, A. Rich 191

scolopendrina, Presl 132

semipinnata, Linn 190

sen-aria, Sw 189

serrulata, Linn 190

selicatdis. Hook 182

spinulijera, Schura 193

spinubsa, Radd. . . . i 193

Stelleri, Gmelin 309

straminea. Metten 290

sulcata. Link 190

sulphurca, Cav 173

ternifolia, Cav 180

tremula, R. Br 191

trichomanoides, Linn 172

tricolor, Linden 190

tricuspidata, Linn 133

tripartita, Sw 193

194

193

180

190

188

191

195

193

190

180

180

181

189

190

189

190

290

177

312

191

191

193

190

193

189

192

182

190

176

190

191

190

181

91

180

191

180

190

309

193

180

190

190

311

193

190

191

193

191

90

INDEX.

445

Tteris —

umbrosa, R. Br. . . .
vespertilionis, Labill.

vittata, Linn

Pieropsis, Desv

angustifolia, Desv. .

furcata, Presl

lancenlata, Desv. . . .
Pycnopteris.

Sieboldi, Moore . . .

Rhipidopteris, Sclioit .
peltata, Schott

Sacooloma, Kaulf. . . .
eleg^ns, Kaulf. . . .

Sadleria, Kaulf.

cyatheoides, Kaulf.
Sagenia.

apiifolia, J. Sm. . . .
cicutaria, Moore . . .
coadunata, J. Sm. .
Hippocrepis, Presl .

Pica, Moore

platyphylla, J. Sm. .
repanda, Moore . . .

Salpichhena. J. Sm 208,

volubile, J. Sm

Schellolepis, J. Sm

cuspidata, J. Sm

subauriculata, J. Sm 82,

verrucosa, J. Sm 83,

Schizsa, Sm

digitata, Sw

elegaus, Sw 262,

elegans, Hook

flabellum, Mart

pusilla, Pursh

rupestris, R. Br

ScliizocEena, J. Sm

sinuata, J. Sm 241,

Schizoloma, Gaud

ensifolia, J. Sm

Scolnpendrium, Sm

ambiguum, Radd

Brasiliense, Kunze

Celerach, Eng. Bot

Douglasii, Hook

dubium, Don

Hemionitis, Sw

Krebsii, Kunze

Scolopendrium —

ofncinarum, Sw page 224

rhizophyllum, Hook 226

vulgare, Sm 224

j Scypliularia.

pentaphylla. Fee 76

Selaginella, Spring 277, 361

Africana, A. Br 280

alboniteDS, Spr 325

altissima, Klot 279

apotliecia, Hort 278

Apus, Spring 278

argentea, Veitch Cat 326

atroviridis, Spring 279

Beaunii, Bak 325

Breynii, Spring 279

bulbillifera, Bale 325

ccesia, Hort 278, 279

caulescens, Spring 279

ciliata, A. Br 279

circinalis, Hort 280

conferta, Moore 325

convoluta, Spring 280

cuspidata, Link 280

delicatissima, A. Br 278

densa, Hort 278

dentirulata, Link 278

denticulata, Hort 278

dichrnus, Hort 280

divaricata rubra, Bach. Cat. 326

erythropus, Spring 279

filicina, Spring 280

flahellata, Spring 279

flexuosa, Wall. Cat 326

formosa, Veitch Cat 326

Galeottii, Spring 279

Griffiths, Spring 279

bsematodes, Spring 326

Helvetica, Link 278

hortensis. Metten 278

inaequifolium, Spring 278

increscentifolia, Stand 325

involvens, Spring 280

Karsteniana, Veitch Cat. .. 326

Kraussiana, A. Br 326

laevigata, Spring 279

lepidophylla, Spring 280

Lobbii, Hort 280

Ludovicana, A. Br 278

Lyallii, Spring 280

Martensii, Sjn ing 279

190

194

189

132

132

91

90

155

109

110

235

235

313

313

145

145

145

145

144

145

145

359

209

82

82

353

353

261

263

357

262

324

261

261

241

366

231

231

224

226

226

229

316

209

315

202

446

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Selaginella—

microphylla, Hnrfc page

micropkylla, Sprig ......

mutabilis, Hort

pallescens, Klot

Panamensis, Hort

patula, Spring

pilifera, A. Br

Posppigiana, Spring

Paeppigiana, Hort

Poulterii, Veitch Cat

pubescens. Spring

rubella, Moure

rubicaulis, A. Br

sarmentosa, A. Br

Schotti, Hort

serpens, Spring

spinulosa, Spring

stenophylla, A. Br

suberosa. Spring

sulcata, Spring

trianyu/aris, Will. Cat

uliginosa, Labill

uncinata, Spring

variabilis, Hort

viticulosa, Klot

Vogelii, Spring

Wallichii, Hurt

Warssewiczii, Bach. Cat. ..

Willdenovii, Hort

Selliguea, Bory

caudiforme, J. Sm

Hamiltoniana, Pr

pothifulia, J. Sm

Sitolobium, Desv

adiantoides, J. Sm

anthriscifolium J. Sin

cicutarium, J. Sm

davallioides, Desv

dissectum, J. Sm

flaccidum, J. Sm

Moluccanum, J. Sm

Pavoni, J. Sm

pilosiusculum, Desv

Plumieri, J. Sm

punctilobum, J. Sm

lubigi nosum, J. Sm

Smithii, J. Sm

Soromanes, Fee . *

serratifolium, Fee

Sphcerostephanos.

asplenioides, J. Sm page 141

Stegania.

alpina, R. Br 201

fluviatilis, R. Br 201

lanceolata, R. Br 200

nuda, R. Br 201

Patersnni, B. Br J00

Stenochlaena, /. Sm 207, 351

heteromorpha, J. Sm 114

Meyeriana, J. Sm 208

scandcns, Hort 208

scandens, J. Sm 208

sorbifolia, J. Sm H4

tenvifolia, Moore 208

Stenolobus.

ornatus, Presl 76

pentaphyllus, Presl 76

Stenoloma.

aculeata, Fde 232

tenuifo/ia, Fee 232

Stenosemia, Presl 116

aurita, Presl H6

Struthiopteris, Willd 166

Germanica, Willd 167

orientalis, Hook 308

Pennsylvania, Willd 167

Synammia.

elongata, Presl 87

Tceniopsis.

lineata, J. Sm 132

scolopendrina, J. Sm 132

Teeniopteris

Forbesii, Hook, et Bauer .. 132
Tcenitis, Sw.

angustifolia, R. Br 133

blechnoides, Sw 300

furcata, Willd 91

lanceolata, R. Br 90

ophioglossoides, Hort. ..... 92

pteroides, Schk 300

Thelypt eris.

pal ustris, Schott 153

Thyrsopteris, Kunze 240

elegans, Kunze 240

Todea, Willd 264

Africana, Willd 265

Australasiea, A. Cunn 265

barbara, Moore 265

Fraseri, Hook, et Grer 265

' 279

278

278

280

279

278

326

278

279

326

280

326

326

278

279

278

278

279

326

279

326

278

278

278

279

280

280

326

280

96

97

296

97

236

236

237

237

236

237

319

237

237

236

319

236

237

319

115

116 !

INDEX.

447

Todea —

hymenophylloides, Rich, page

pellucida, Carm

rivularis, Sieb

superba, Colenso

Wilkesiana, Brack

Tricliiocarpa, Honk

Moorei, J. Sm

Trichomanes, Linn 252,

adiantoides, Linn

alatum, Bory

alatum, Sw

alatum, Honk

anceps, Hook

Andrewsii, Newm

angustatum, Carm

Ankersii, Park

attenuatum, Hook

auriculatum, Bl

Bancroftii, Hook, et Grev. . .

Bauerianum, Endl

biting ue, J. Sm

Bojeri, Hook, et Grev

brachypus, Kunze

brevis- turn, R. Br

Canariense, Linn

Colensoi, Hook

coriaceum, Kunze

crinitum, Sw

crispum, Linn

curvatum, J. Sm

elegans, Rudge

elongatum, A. Cunn

Europceum, Sm

exsectum, Kunze

Filicula, Bory

fimbriatum, Backhouse ....

floribundum, H. B. K

foeniculaceum, Bory

Hibernicum, Spreng

humile, Forst

incisum, Kaulf.

Japonicum, Tbunb

Javanicum, Blume

Kaulfussii, Hook, et Grev...

Kraussii, Hook, et Grev

Leprieurii, Kunze

longisetum, Bory

lucens, Hook, et Grev

Mandioccanum, Radd

maximum, BL.

Trichomanes —

meifolium, Bory page 255

meifolium, Kaulf 255

membranaeeum, Linn 252

muscoides, Sw 253

nanum, Bory 256

obscurum, Blume 255

olivaceum, Kunze 322

pinnatum, Hedw 25

Petersii, A. Gray 322

pilosum, Radd 254

pluma, Hook 254

plumosum, Kunze 323

proliferum, Bl 322

punctatum, Poir. 252

pusillum, Sw 253

pyxidiferum, Huds 253

pyxidiferum, Linn 253, 322

pyxidiferum. Schk 253

radicans, Sw 253

reniforme. Forst 252

reptans, Sw 253

rhomboideum , J. Sm 254

rigidum, Sw 255

rupestre, Backhouse 255

saxatile, Moore 255

scandens, Linn 253

Sellowianum, Pr 323

setigerum , Backhouse 255

sinuosum, Rich 253

speciosum, Willd 253

spicatum, Hedw 256

strigosum, Thunb 233

superbum, Backhouse 254

trichoideum, Sw 253

trichophyllum, Moore 255

venosum, R. Br 253

Vittaria, Den 254

TrichoDteris, Presl 246

excelsa, Presl 246

Trismerva.

argentea, Fde 125

aurea, F£e 125

Vittaria, Sm 130

lanceolata, Svv 130

lineata, Sw 132

remota, Fee 301

stipitata, Kunze 301

Zeylanica, Fee 132

zosteraefolia, Bory 131

265

265

265

265

324

147

148

359

218

254

254

253

254

253

253

322

254

322

254

255

253

253

322

253

76

322

254

254

254

254

256

255

253

253

253

254

254

255

253

323

254

188

254

254

253

254

323

254

254

232

448

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Woodsia, R. Br page 161

Brownii, Metten 147

glabella, R. Br 307

hyperborea, R. Br 162

llvensis, R. Br. 162

Mcxicana, R. Br 162

mollis, J. Sm 162

obtusa, Book 162

oregana. Eat 307

Perriniana, Hook, et Grev. 162

polystichoides, Eaton 162

Veitchii, Hance 162

Woodwardia, Sm. 204

angustifolia, Sm 207

areolata, Lowe 207

Woodwardia —

confluens, Hort page 205

Floridana, Schk 207

Fortunei, Hort 205

Harlandii, Hook 313

Japonica, Sw 205

onocleoides, Willd 207

orientals, Sw 205

radicaos, Sm 205

stans, Sw 205

Virginica, Sm 205

Xiphopteris, Kaulf. 122

serrulata, Kaulf. 125

Number of adopted species in first edition (1865) 1,084

Ditto in Appendix (1877) 226

1,310

Total

449

INDEX OF SPECIAL TERMS

DESCRIBED IN ORGANOGRAPHY.

Annulate page 51

Antheridangia 52

Areoles 50

Conceptacles 52

Corpuscules 52

Costa 47

Caudex 46

Desmobrya 60

Eremobrya 60

Exannulate 51

Filices 44

Fronds 46

barren (sterile) 46

circinate 46

fertile 46

frondules 47

pinuse 47

pinnules 47

rachis 47

sarmenta 47

stipes 47

Fructification 50

Indusium 53

accessory 53

calyciform 53

cucullate 53

exterior 53

interior 53

involucre 53

Indusium —

lateral Pngc 53

linear 53

oblong 53

oval 53

plane 53

reniform 53

semi-calycform 53

special 53

universal 53

Oophoridangia 52

Receptacle 50

amorphous 51

axillary 51

basal 50

compital 51

elongated 51

medial 51

punctiform 51

terminal 50

Rhizome 45

Sarmentum 46

Sorus 52

antemarginal 52

arcuate 52

confluent 53

elliptical 52

exserted or ext.rorse 52

globose 52

intramarginal 52

linear 52

2 G

450

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sorus — -

marginal page 52

oblique 52

oblong 52

ovate 52

serial 52

transverse 52

Sporangium 51

annulate 51

exannulate 51

horizontal 51

vertical 51

Stem 45

arborescent 46

csespitose 46

decumbent 46

epigEeous 45

hypogasous 45

scandent 45

squamose 46

stoloniferous 46

subfrutescent 46

surculose 46

Synangium 52

Veins, Venules, and Veinlets 47

anastomosing 48

angularly anastomosing .... 49

Veins, Venules, and Veinlets —

anterior venules page

arcuately anastomosing ....

clavate

compoundly anastomosing . .

costaeform

distantly anastomosing ....

elevated

evanescent

excurrent

free

forked

internal

pinnate

pinnately forked

posterior venules

radiate

recurrent

reticulated

simple

simply forked

transversely

unilateral

Vernation

adherent

articulated

fasciculate

uniserial

50

49

50
49

48

49
48

48

50

49
49

48

49

49

50

49

50
49
49
49
49
48
45
45
45
4.1
45

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