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TEA IMPORTERS, Gastern & Commission Merchants,
EDWARD STREET, BRISBANE.
And at 79 York Street, Sydney.
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11. Carlsirasse 11.
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VLODER,
AUSTRALIAN COACH FACTORY, ALBERT STREET,
And Melbourne Coach Bone
CORNER OF CHARLOTTE STREXT,
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| ==
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SUAS EXGELLENGY THE
TO HIS Us
GOVERNOR,
QUEEN STREET,
BRISBANE.
48, QUEEN STREET,
BRISBANE,
set ERECT FMP OREERS
IR awe Gg) eae
DRUGS, DRUGGISTS SUNDRIES,
PERFUMERY, SURGICAL
APPLIANCES,
KC., KC. :
——_ LL eS
——_TH h———_ y
Is distinct from the rest of the establish-
ment, and is replete with a well assorted
Stock of Drugs of the Purest quality.
9 0 0
THE GREATEST CARE AND ACCURACY IS OBSERVED IN
DISPENSING PHYSICIANS’ PRESCRIPTIONS.
EO
ES Goods carefully packed and forwarded to »
any part of the Colony.
— pa ee
FERN WORLD
OF
AUSTRALIA,
WITH
HOMES OF THE QUEENSLAND, BREOLES,
NEVY YORK
BOTANIC ate
BY GARDEN
FREDK. MANSON BAILEY, F.LS.
Corr. Mem. Royal Society, Tasmanint Corr. Mem. Royal Society,
Victoria ; Corr. Mem. Royal Society, South Australia; Corr. Mem. Linnean
Society, N.S. Wales; Hon. Mem. Gard. Society, Adelaide ; ; Hon. Mem.
Queensland Philosophical Society, &c.
WITH PLATES ILLUSTRATING FERN TRIBES.
‘For many years it has been one of my constant regrets that no school-
master of mine had a knowledge of natural history, so far, at least as to
have taught me the grasses that grow by the wayside, the little winged or
wingless neighbours that are continually meeting me with a salutation
that I cannot answer as things are.”—CARLYLE,
BRISBANE:
PUBLISHED BY GORDON anp GOTCH,
BRISBANE, SYDNEY, MELBOURNE, AND LONDON
1881.
ALSOPHILA.
Aone olium S
Vern. (Py. veal Sia:
Candalin. ~
Cotenrasr , Jeon.
faleehi. omen:
flctbeter- Cars,
bowrtrowq tn, . J, Sm,
BOoTRYCHIUM TERNATUM Se.
CHEILANTHES
SAabrn, Mroye
tei getin Susety .
‘ Remcyneien x
Agcablwtea.
CYATHER
Jars.
Susenty -
CYSTOPTE RIS
fragQde - Preanrk,
PAVALLIA :
Novas -Leelonrras, (st.
tral .
DICK SonTA, |
KrAcrkeca . Pry
fibre. Ort,
Cha: Cot.
Sq. errtesra . Surety.
DoaptA
CaAccdrafa Parr
medi uo Av.
GALEGICHENIA
Creranatea,. Suwehy.
poche agra
a Y ‘
Aveherermna. Wwe.
abetiata. fr,
GYMNOGRAMME,
Ren,
Ce pate hytQa. Bears,
hot She AWN:
REMITEL!
Es SO ara
HEMEWOGPAYLLUM.
Re SCL tae Cs
CAfice ting -
Seahkrisn.. A Rack -
a3 gente. Sms
Aneds ake . Later -
VibLirs uaar,
HY POLEPIS
= ay
ie ATS
LYCaPa dium.
PurenP®urr . Spray.
Carctintanuy L
LY Goo1ium. >
SUS WA) eee
MARATTIA,
Fran wiee: La,
NEPHWRODIUM.
Ae
. “a
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met Atave.
NEPKHRop ION
TODEA,
SUpeeutes tum, BCs, barbena. Werese-
Piohangres mart: Rasen opahny Clan ts
NEPHRo LAPIS ee pHs e sun ri eke
edz thia . Mather. ae iS s Gc.
Revens wo Rake,
NoTRACKLAANA. i
dietous. Pr Crktnae. lb
OPHIORLossom. Morrg aterm, Gar,
Vulgate, b Rarmn he: Trl
PELOCEA, ESOL. Jes,
teleala, Store PETAL Drsi
VSN ri ST ction, frases
PAYLLodtossum Yetrrs tm Br
Prtinnimn inary, Kirwne «
POLK Podium. ‘Pa vee
Arad Rate. Mer
Peter, be
: POOR Vor
Psi\Lotum.
Reg petri Surety .
t4eulkewta. L
CO Oa, ThrvsA
Unctega - That,
Waukwte A Reek
Scabenube. +
A . be,
SCHIZEA,
Prsatiades . Goud,
Intrda, Swarts,
fs (Zoe a, Ree |
TMESPFERIS
Jove, ent.
ADVERTISEMENT.
In this work there is a,Glossary of Terms used in the description
of Ferns, while the local name as well as the derivation of the
botanical name is always given.
At the'end there is a copious and comprehensive Index, which
contains all the synonyms under which each species has been
published in other works.
TO
THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, F.G.S., L.S., &e., &e.
PRESIDENT OF THE LINNAIAN SOCIETY OF N. S. WALES.
THIS ian WORK
IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED IN TOKEN
| OF THE GREAT HELP HE HAS RENDERED
TO SCIENCE IN AUSTRALIA
AND PERSONAL KINDNESS AND ASSISTANCE
TO HIS
OBLIGED AND OBEDIENT
SERVANT,
THE AUTHOR.
[.—TIntroduction including guide to Fern study ...
BOTANICAL,
GARDEN
CONTENTS.
II.—Remarks on collecting and cultivation
IIT.—Queensland species arranged in groups
Group I. Climbing ferns.
», AI. Creekside ferns.
» LILI. Epiphytal ferns.
» 1V. Forest ferns.
», . Rock ferns.
» WI. Scrub ferns.
», WII. Swamp ferns.
,, VIII. Tree ferns.
PAGE
m= © MoI DH Pe.
ee
—
16
17
IV.—Australian Ferns systematically arranged in the following
six tribes:—
Tribe I. Oshibplbasen:
» Al. Marattiez.
99
“99
III. Osmundee.
IV. Hymenophyllea.
» WV. Cyatheez.
» VI. Polypodiee.
V.—A short glossary
VI.—List of authorities for generic ad spoeifians names
VII.—Index of genera, species, and synonyms, to which is
added the local name, or meaning of name used.
Addenda—containing the Australian Lycopods.
19
19
21
24
27
31
35
81
84
86
76
Tribe.
fertion of spike
of ophiaglassum
ban
4)
J
.
GS
a
£
tN
BF fortion of fertile
g E soke of Helmstithe
3 -stachys
Ophioglosse ae
Tribe lil |
Osrmundea
a
Oe
eu ae
Coe
Z
eas
SWWersyaieroisiceoS4
ES SOS SS ©
Alsophita | Aspidium
Tribe VI? lypodiece
Soly podium
‘
S
X
S
:
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~
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“Fat Ni ; Sax SSS 9
ay SS ce ,
ps ie ls Sy
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| | Selaginella
SY
Lycopodium
Psiloturn
Imesipteris
INDEX
ENGLISH NAMES.
SOIR
Adder’s-tongue
Bat’s-wing Fern
Bird’s-nest Fern
Black Tree Fern of New Featana
Bladder Fern be
Blanket Fern
Bracken Fern
Braid Fern
Bristle Fern :
Caraway-seed Fern ...
Common Bracken
Curly Fern
_ Deer’s-tongue
Ear Fern
Elk’s-horn Fern ;
English Maiden-hair
aa Fern
Fan-shaped Spleenwort ete ce
| Film Fern £3 sh. ay
Golden Swamp Fern :
Grape Fern a
Grass-leaved Fern worn
Hare’s-foot Fern ... ee
Jersey Fern
Lady Fern
Maiden-hair Fern
Maiden-hair Spleenwort
Meadow-rue Water Fern
Moonwort sia Sot
Mountain Bracken ... ase
Parasol Fern A
Pickled Cabbage sana
Potatoe Fern ei Sud a an
Prickly Fern vee Dee oe 500
Prickly-tree Fern... Rete si eee
Ribbon Fern ee a wat
Rough-stalked Maiden-hair HF, a ane
Shield Fern si ne Aa ies
Shiny Fern a es bo ae
Small Maiden-hair ... See est ioe
Snake’s-tongue ee ri aes wae
Spleenwort Fern... aot bo as
Stag’s-horn aa ce ae
Tall Maiden-hair Fern Bun ane bee
Woolly-tree Fern 000 066 200 | ve)
ny
t Lge oe ¥
‘ Serta nd
: eg fig
ra
ft
nie
ryt : Suge
ara a:
pas ea er :
adel nidigolt
.
e
f
2
i
PREFACE.
Ferns are perhaps the most beautiful order in the whole range of
the Vegetable Kingdom ; they have at all times been favorites with
the lovers of the beautiful. Other orders of plants have been ex-
tolled for a time, after which they have been placed on one side and
forgotten. But with the fern, one is never weary; there is a pecu-
har fascination about these lovely forms of vegetation. They are
always welcome, and draw forth our admiration, whether we see
them covering the damp or dry rock, clothing the stems of our
gigantic scrub trees, or pendant from their huge forks. They are
eagerly sought after by young and old—by some for the gratification
of the present moment, by others for cultivation about their homes,
or for the purpose of decoration. Indeed, so attractive are these
beauties of Flora’s Kingdom, that it is almost impossible to find a
house where they are not to be met with either living or dead.
Thus it may be easily inferred that a knowledge of their nomencla-
ture, classification, and local habitat, would be acceptable; and
it is with such an idea that this little work is offered to the public.
Since the publication of the author’s former work on the Queens-
land Ferns, the 7th Volume of Bentham and Mueller’s elaborate
work ‘‘The Frora AUSsTRALIENSIs ” has been issued containing
the ferns. It has been deemed, therefore, advisable to follow the
classification there adopted in the present work, thus keeping so far
as possible from a confusion of nomenclature.
Another advantage, it is hoped, will be found in the work contain-
ing all the ferns at present known to inhabit Australia and Tasmania,
thus rendering it equally useful in each of the colonies. The -ex-
pediency of this course will be obvious when it is pointed out that
two-fourths. of the kinds met with in Australia are found in
Queensland, conjointly with one or other of the other colonies.
One-fourth in Queensland, but not in />° adjoining colonies, leaving
only one-fourth of the whole as o° ing to the other colonies
without Queensland. It is worthy also to remark that the indigenous
ferns of Queensland equal in number those of the Islands of New
Zealand, and are three times the number of those of Great Britain.
The author cannot conclude these prefactory remarks without
acknowledging his ‘indebtedness to the learned works of Robert
Brown, Bentham, Mueller, Hooker, Smith, Moore, &c., &c.; and
would also express his sincere thanks to the many friends from
whom he has received assistance, specially, Sir Ferd. von Mueller,
of Melbourne; the Rev. J. KE. Tenison-Woods, Dr. Chas. Prentice,
Brisbane; Dr. Rich. Schomburgk, of Adelaide ; Chas. Moore, Esq.,
of Sydney; Dr. Bancroft, Brisbane; L. A. Bernays, Esq., Brisbane;
all of whom are indefatigable workers in the cause of science.
Also to Miss F. M. Campbell, of Gippsland; and Mrs. A. Archer,
of Brisbane, for information regarding habitat and specimens of rare
‘species.
INTRODUCTION.
“T cannot but think the very complacency and satisfaction which a man
takes in the. works of Nature to be a laudable if not virtuous habit of
mind.”’—Addison.
In writing or speaking about any portion of the vast flora of
Australia, one labours under many disadvantages, unknown to those
who write about the plants of countries which have been longer
known. One great drawback is the want of local or native names.
It may be safely said that no other country is so badly off ‘in this
respect. In all other parts of the world the botanist can fall back
on the native name, but in Australia that is quite impossible, the
character of the natives and the extent of territory entirely pre-
vent it. . |
In the present work great pains and care have been taken to add
as many local names as possible, but as many of our ferns are as
yet imperfectly known to the botanist, it cannot be expected that
such should possess local names, thouyh doubtless as these are
received from time to time into cultivation, each will receive one.
In studying these beautiful plants, two courses are open to the
student; the one by collecting living plants and cultivating them
in suitable situations, whereby their habits and developement could
be more carefully observed: the other by forming what is termed’
- an herbarium of well selected specimens, and it must be borne in
mind that for this purpose portions of each part of the plant should
be collected, and should the species produce fronds of various shapes
each form should be preserved, but most particularly the soriferous
or fruit bearing fronds. .
It may be well before proceeding to the enumeration of our species,
to give some few notes on the structure of a fern, to prepare the
student for that part of the work wherein ferns are described.
The leaves, or more correctly speaking branches of a fern are
termed fronds, on some of these will be observed, by paying a little
attention, dust-like patches which are situated either on the back or
edge of these fronds, these patches or heaps which are called sor,
are sometimes covered by a thin skin, and consist of numerous one-
celled bladders, In the largest tribe these bladders are girt
longitudinally by a jointed ring which at maturity contracts and
thus ruptures the bladder, and allows the escapement of the contalyed
spores which aye individually invisible to the unassisted eye.
With the exception of one tribe the leaves (fronds) are, while
young, rolled inwards (circinate) like a crosier,
The roots are all fibrous and usually densely covered with soft
close hairs mostly of a rusty colour.
a
2 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
The thick hard part, from which spring the fronds, is the stem,
and is mostly called in works on ferns the Rhizome or rootstock ;
sometimes this stem will be found creeping over rocks or trees, at
other times it will be found some distance below the surface of the
earth. In creeping or climbing kinds the growing part will always
be found in advance of the leaves (fronds), the more distant of
which are the most likely to be fertile, that is to say bearing sor?, or
seed patches. :
In the short tufted form of stem, the leaves are developed around
the growing point, the bases of the older leaves helping to form its
trunk; these stems are sometimes reclining, but in what are called
tree ferns they become trunk-like. In one tribe they are in the
form of a large fleshy globose mass of several hundredweight.
The leaves or fronds of ferns are of two parts. The stalk or
stipes, that is the portion from the rootstock or rhizome, to the
blade or ramified part. These stipites or stalks are either adherent
to the rootstock, or at or near will be formed a joint or articulation,
in which case the frond will be said to be articulated to the
rootstock, this structure is often carried out throughout every
division of the frond, and in such cases much care is required in
preparing herbarium specimens. The continuation of the stalk
through the leafy portion of the frond, when the latter is divided into
leaflets, is called the rhachis, but if the frond is simple, that is,
undivided, it is then called the rib or costa. These stipites, &c., are
often more or less clothed with membranous scales, especially at
their base, and as these often furnish means of recognising one kind
from another, in gathering care should be taken not to rub them off,
When a frond is separated into distinct leaflets and these are
simple it is said to be pinnate, should these leaflets or pinne as they
are termed be again divided into leaflets the frond-is said to be
bi-pinnate, or twice leafletted, and so on tripinnated, &e., but when
these divisions are connected at their base by their leafy blades the
frond is termed pinnatifid and its division lJobes, the terms di-
pinnatiid tri-pinnatifid being used in description; fronds that are
very much divided are usually termed decompound. The fronds are
traversed by a series of veins, the midrib of the frond or pinna is
called the costa or costule, the first series of branches from which
are called veins, the secondary series the venules, and the third series,
the vemlets. This arrangement is called the venation and has
according to its various forms received distinguishing names, thus
when the veins are unbranched they are said to be simple. Some=
times they are branched once or more and are then sald to bo
forked ov pinnately eostaform, that is, resembling a midrib, and
having the venules or branches either forked or simple. When they
are alike on both sides of the midrib they are said to be equal, if
without a midrib they are called radiate, if produced from one side
of a marginal midrib excentric. In all these cases the apices of the
veins may terminate at or within the margin of the frond or its
divisions, when they are said to be direct and free; but similar
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. _ 3
forms of venation may occur, having the apices of the veins of
either the first, second or third series combined in some way or
other, thus if the whole system of venation is uniformly combined,
so as to form a network, it is said to be reticulated ; if the simple or
forked veins are united by a continuous vein parallel with or close
to the margin it is said to be transverse marginal. Sometimes the
apices of the venules of one series or fascicle combine with the apices
of the adjoining series, this is called anastomosing ; of this arrange-
ment there are some modifications as angular and arcuate or
arched anastomosing, which are further modified by producing from
their exterior side other outwardly-directed excurrent veins or veinlets,
which are either free, terminating in the. areoles (meshes) or margin,
or anastomose with the next superior venule. In some forms of
netted venation, the venules are irregularly combined, the areoles
or meshes producing from their sides certain simple or forked
variously-directed veinlets, which terminate: within the unequal-
sided meshes, this arrangement is called compound anastomosing.
When the veins are somewhat elevated above the fronds surface
they are said to be external, and when indistinct from their
immersion in the fronds substance internal.
From some part of the venation. the fructification is produced,
where this occurs the part will become thickened, this part is called
the receptacle, and if situated at the apex of the vein or venule is
said to-be terminal, between the base and apex medial, if seated on.
the angular crossing, or point of confluence of two or more venules
or veinlets, compital.
It consists, in most cases of one-celled spore- ~cases, sporangia, or
seed cases, more or less completely girt by an elastic ring, but in
some cases of sporangia which are many-celled or destitute of the
ring.
These spore-cases are mostly collected into masses which usually
consist of multitudes of crowded spore-cases and is called a sorus,
but being usually spoken of collectively the plural term sori will be
more fr equently met with; these sori are either round or elongated,
but sometimes they are of no determinable form when they are
called amorphous. In most cases they are dorsal on the. back of
the frond, but sometimes they are marginal, or extra-marginal.
The elongated sori are oblong, linear or continuous, and either form
an angle with the midrib when they are said to be oblique, or run
parallel with the margin or midrib. In some groups of ferns the
sori are entirely exposed on the surface of the frond, while others
have the sori covered more or less by a thin skin called éndusium or
involucre of which there are various modifications—as cupshaped,
vaulted, &e., &e. The foregoing remarks on the structure of a fern
will be found in accordance with the views of most writers on the
subject, and will assist the student not only to better understand
this work but any other on the same subject.
‘
4 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA,
uN GO) ae sei © silt GGi:
The feathery fern, the feathery fern,
An emerald sea it waveth wide,
And seems to flash, and gleam and burn,
Like the gentle flow of a golden tide ;
On a bushy slope or a leafy glade,
Amid the twilight depth of shade,
By interlacing branches made,
And trunks with lichens glorified.— Anne Pratt.
A Few Remarks on Couuecting anp Cuutivating Ferns.
In collecting specimens for cultivation to insure success with kinds
having underground running stems, such for instance as the tall scrub
Maidenhair, it is necessary to select only close growing portions for
removal, the way to find which is to follow the course of some creek
until a place is found where a quantity of the surface soil has been
washed away and the running stems of the plant desired either left
bare or quite near the surface, here select portions of the rootstock
for removal. With those of a tufted growth it is also better to
select plants found growing on old rotten logs than such as are
found growing in the ground, although these latter will likely appear
much healthier. As each kind is collected carefully shake off the
soil, wrap up each plant in soft wet paper and stow them away in
_ the ‘collecting bag; this mode will be found far preferable to the
usual way of carrying home a quantity of soil with each plant.
It is most necessary with ferns that they should be planted quite
shallow. The growing point of rootstock should be kept well above
the earth’s surface, To accomplish this is not easy except the
planter has some experience, the following wi!l be found an effective
way to remedy the evil of deep planting. Take two small pieces of
rock or broken pot, place the fibrous roots of the fern with a sprinkle
of fine soil between these, plant altogether holding the mass tight
with the thumb and finger of the left hand while the outer soil is
pressed close by the right. As a rule most terrestial species
succeed best when planted out on rockwork the form of which must
depend much upon the place it is to occupy and taste of person
forming it, the primary thing to bear in mind is that the situation
be well sheltered. The rock used in building should be of a hard
porus nature, the spaces between the larger portions of rock should
be well filled in with smaller portions of the same material mixed
with good light scrub soil, to which if possible add a small quantity
of broken charcoal and white sand. Be careful that the drainage
is complete as no fern will thrive where water is allowed to stagnate
about its roots.
In planting care should be taken to give to each kind a situation
as near as possible resembling that in which it would be found
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 5
occupying in its natural habitat, paying attention to this will
impart to the whole a natural and graceful appearance.
~ When cultivated in pots the following rules should be observed :
for drainage use plenty of broken pieces of brick, or lumps of sand-
stone mixed with charcoal, this might fill say one third of the pot,
‘for compost use say equal parts of scrub soil, cut or beaten up old
masses of bird’s nest or staghorn ferns, and silver or white sand to
which might be added with advantage a small quantity of small pieces
of broken brick. 3
Those species which grow naturally against rocks or on trees and
are called epiphytes, in transplanting, should be carefully and firmly
fixed to some mass of rock, stone or wood to which, should the
situation prove suitable, they will soon firmly adhere by fresh
rootlets.
Several of our more hardy species might be planted in shady,
sheltered, moist situations in the garden or shubbery where they
would require no more attention than ordinary garden plants; after
planting give a thorough watering and carefully shade.
SY © N WW ve sor See Q KX
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Aw, lL AYEWVEK
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6 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. »
THE
QUEENSLAND FERNS,
GROUPED ACCORDING TO THEIR NATURAL HABITAT,
“The desire which tends to know
The works of God thereby to glorify
The Great Workmaster leads no excess,
That reaches blame, but rather merits praise
The more it seems excess,
For wonderful indeed are all His works,
Pleasant to know, and worthiest to be all ;
Had in remembrance always with delight.” —Milton.
Group I. Curmsrne Ferns, and those also found climbing by
means of adventitious rootlets. |
II. Cremxsipr Ferns, or those usually found by water-
courses.
II]. Epipayrat Ferns, such as are found upon trees,. and
whose roots are independent of the ground.
IV. Forest Ferns, those usually met with in timbered
; country.
V. Rock Ferns, those found on damp or dry rocks.
VI. Scrvus Ferns, in this group will be found those which
require a deep rich soil.
VII. Swamp Ferns, kind either growing in water or very
close to it.
VIII. Tree Ferns, arborescent kind such as form trunk-like
stems of various height.
Group I.—Cumpine FErns.
Lygodium reticulatum. A tropical kind with glossy green
leaves, the veins of which are netted. Found in dense scrubs
climbing high up the trees. |
Lygodium japonicum. This fern somewhat resembles the last
but may easily be distinguished by its free veins. It is also usually
found along the banks of watercourses in tropical Queensland.
Lygodium scandens., This beautiful species enjoys a much
wider range, being met with around swamps from the Tweed River
to Cape York, its leaves are much smaller than the former kinds,
veins free like the last.
Acrostichum scandens. A strong woody rampant species found
climbing the trees in our tropical swamps, leaves large pinnate.
CLIMBERS BY ADVENTITIOUS RooTLEts.
Trichomanes peltatum. A ‘Trinity Bay species, the round
glittering skinlike leaves of this delicate kind adheres to the bark of
the scrub trees like fish scales,
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. y;
Trichomanes vitiense, on bark of scrub trees, tropical and
extratropical, leaves skinlike, oblong or lobed small.
Aspidium ramosum. A beautiful pinnate leaved fern of wide
range, found from the Hlawarra to Endeavour River. The seed
patches covered by a kidney shaped skin.
Polypodium tenellum. A south Queensland fern somewhat
similar to the last from which it is at once known by the absence of
covering to seed patches. __ |
Polypodium scandens. A much more robust fern, leaves simple
or deeply lobed. Found from the Gellibrand River in Victoria to the
Maroochie in Queensland.
Grammitis ampla. This is the most imposing occupant of the
stems of trees in our tropical scrubs. Leaves “offen more than
three feet long, very broad and deeply lobed. :
Acrostichum sorbifolium var. leptocarpum. Leaves very
long pinnate of a deep green colour and numerous leaflets, of two
forms fertile and sterile, often found with the last which it equals in
elegance.
Group I].—Crerxsipe Frys.
Marattia fraxinea, and Angiopteris evecta, are two superb
ferns found in close deep 2 cullies usually near running water in the
tropics. The immense succulent leaves and large o bears scaly base
of these ferns are one of the most imposing sights of tropical
vegetation.
Trichomanes rigidum. ‘This dark green bristle ann may be
often met bordering the running water of mountain creeks in
Queensland. It has also been gathered j in N. 8S. Wales.
Dicksonia davallioides. This beautiful fern is of very delicate
texture, although the fronds often attain two or three feet in height.
They arise from an underground running stem, the fern is not very
common in Queensland, but is to be met with along some of the
sandy creeks, forinstance, Enoggera. It is found more abundantly
in N.§. Wales and has also been met with in Victoria.
Davallia dubia. This is a much more robust plant than the
last having more harsh foliage, it differs also in having a short
thick rootstock, and is of very common occurrence along sandy
creeks and hillsides, It is also common to Tasmania, Victoria and
N. S. Wales. : .
Adiantum xthiopicum. Common maiden-hair, very common
along erecksides,
Lomaria Paterson, often found on mountain creek banks, leaves
narrow tapering and sometimes deeply lobed from a short rootstock,
Lomaria diseolor. This beautiful fern has much the habit of a
tvee fern, stem one foot high, leaves a light green, deeply cut inta
rounded lobes almost to the polished black midvib; only Queensland
habitat at present known Fern Cr eck, Maroachie and Rocking gham
Bay.
8 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Blechnum cartilagineum. ‘ound on grassy banked creeks
throughout Queensland, also in N. S. Wales and Victoria, leaves’
one or two fect long deeply divided into close tapering lobes, the
rootstock black and rough. |
Blechnum orientale. The leaves of this very handsome fern
are often five or six feet high pinnate and very graceful.. It is
usually met with in close deep gullies near running water, tropical
Queensland. | Ad
Aspidium molle. This lovely soft leaved pinnate fern is one of
the most common which one meets with along watercourses in
Queensland.
Polypodium irioides. This iris like leaved fern forms quite a
margin to some of the rivers of Northern Queensland.
Group III.—EHpipuytss, on THosE GROWING on TREES.
Ophioglossum pendulum. ‘This species, which is at once known
by its ribbon-like leaves, is usually met: with growing in the old
masses of other ferns on scrub trees throughout the colony ot
Queensland. |
Davallia pyxidata, or hare’s-foot fern, is usually met with,
like the last, growing out of the mass formed by some other fern or
in the forks of scrub trees; the leaves are much divided, of a deep
color, and of a hard gristle-like consistence. Found throughout
Queensland and N. S. Wales.
Vittaria elongata. This is a grass-like fern found on the
stems of scrub trees, most abundant in the tropics, where its leaves
often reach the length of two or three feet long, and half-an-inch
broad, but at Maroochie the leaves are much narrower and are
seldom more than six inches long. This fern is also found on the
trees of the Richmond and Macleay Rivers’ scrubs, N. S. Wales.
Lindse#a lanuginosa. A very showy fern, forms one of the
largest masses of all the Epiphytes found on Queensland trees. Its
leaves are pinnate and often three or four fect loig, and when
young covered with a soft wool. Not met with out of the tropics,
and seldom met with in cultivation.
Asplenium nidus.—Birds nest fern. Leaves often very long
strap-like, the mid-rib usually dark and glossy. Very large plants
of this fern may be met with oftentimes on rock in the close gullies
of the Queensland ranges. The fern is also of frequent occurrence
in N. S. Wales.
Asplenium simplicifrons. This fern resembles the young drawn
tip plants of the birds-nest fern, but may be distinguished by the
absence of the vein near the edge of the leaf which in that fern
joins the transverse veins togethor, Found on trees from Racking
een Bay to the Trinity Bay Ranges.
Asplenium faleatum. One of the moat graceful of all the kindg
found on Australian scrub trees; leaves pinnate, glossy, dark green,
often six feet long, drooping; mostly found growing out of old masses
of birds-nest fern. Common in scrubs from the Mlawarra, N, §,
Wales, to Rockingham Bay, Queensland,
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 9
Aspidium cordifolium, Commonly found growing in the masses
of Epiphytes both in Queensland and N.S. Wales. This plant,
which is equally common on rocks, is directly recognized by the bright
glossy tubors which are formed on its wiry running stems.
Polypodium serpens. A small thick-leaved matted fern found
growing on trees in swamps, most plentiful near the coast from Cape
Howe, Victoria, to Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Polypodiun confluens, In texture this plant resembles the
last, but its leaves are often six to eight inches long. Common on
scrub trees in Queensland and N.§. Wales. The seed patches of
this and the last kind are large and often run together at the ends.
of the thick leaves in one mass.
Polypodium acrostichoides. The same thick leaves as .the
last but much longer, stiffer and eften forked, the seed patches are
also much smaller. Found on trees along the tropical coast of
Queensland.
Polypodium attenuatum. Found on trees in the ranges of
both Queensland and N. 8. Wales. Leaves thick, dark green,
narrow ; the seed patches oval, large forming raised marks on the
upper surface. )
Polypodium simplicissimum. Leaves tapering, six inches long,
on stems of trees, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Polypodium subauriculatum. A very beautiful pinnate leaved
fern found on the trees of tropical Queensland, forming at times
large patches. The leaves are of delicate texture and have a
graceful weeping habit. |
Platycerium alcicorne, or elk’s horn. Plants of this kind are
often clustered together in immense masses. ‘The leaves (fronds)
are of two forms, those bearing the seed patches being divided into
long lobes, at the points of which the seed patches are placed.
Platycerium grande, or stag’s horn, is a much larger plant
and is more frequently found singly, the fertile leaves or those
bearing the seed patches are from the crown and often very large,
the seed patches of this kind will be found situated at the first
large bay of these widely divided leaves.. Both this and the last
are common to the scrubs of Queensland and N. 8S. Wales.
Group I[V.—Forxst FErns.
Ophioglossum vulgatum. ‘There are two forms of this common
adder’s tongue, met with in forest or timbered country usually on the
damp flats or the western slope of a hill. In these situations the
plant is seldom above four inches high and often not more than an
inch, the fertile portion similiar in each but the sterile frond varies
much in form being in some narrow and grass-like, an inch and a
half long, while in others it will be found nearly round and not
more than a quarter of an inch across. Roots hard brittle-tubers.
Common throughout Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and
Tasmania. |
Cc
10 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Botrychium ternatum. This curious plant has the same form
of hard brittle tuberous root as the last, but the barren portion of
its leaf resembles somewhat a leaf of parsley. The fertile portion
is erect and would: convey to one the idea that it was the same form
blighted. Whole plant from one to two feet high. Same range as
last but usually met with on the small rich flats of ranges.
Schizewa bifida. A harsh grasslike fern, leaves simply forked
growing in dense tufts on dry forest land from N. Australia through
Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. To the non-
botanical collector the fertile portion at the tips of the divisions of
leaves may be mistaken for a galled portion of the frond.
Davallia dubia, which has been noticed under creekside ferns
will often be met with in forest country, especially on hill sides
where the land is of a rich nature.
Lindsea dimorpha. This pretty little tufted fern which so
far as at present known is peculiar to Queensland, is usually met
with on damp sandy soil under the shade of trees. The localities
are Hight Mile Plains, Kedron Brook, Gympie road, and near the
summit of one of the Glasshouse Mountains. The leaves are of
two forms, those at the base usually sterile and only two or three
inches long, and several in a rather dense tuft. The fertile leaves
are much taller, often eight or nine inches high, bearing half-moon
like leaflets.
Lindsza microphylla. This elegant fern often forms tufts of
its delicate much divided leaves of from a foot to two feet high on
the sides of hills and dry creek banks in the forest country of
Southern Queensland and N. S. Wales.
Lindsea incisa. It would be difficult to find a more delicately
beautiful fern than this, the hair-like running stems are so matted
together that the feather-like leaves come up close together and
form quite a.carpet under the sheaoakes on sandy land its favourite
habitat. Found in plenty on the Brisbane race-course. Peculiar
to Queensland.
Adiantum hispidulum, or rough maiden hair. A tufted pretty
fern found commonly by the side of logs in forest country through-
out Queensland, N. S. Wales and Victoria.
Hypolepis tenuifolia. A tall growing fern often much branched
forming thickets in the close gullies of the ranges both in Queensland
and N. §. Wales. May often be mistaken for another fern
Polypodium punctatum.
Cheilanthes tenuifolia and its variety Sieberi are two very
brittle ferns met with in forest country, the latter has a much
narrower leaf and in south Queensland is the commoner of the two.
The species is more plentiful in northern Queensland where also
another form is met with called nudiuscula. One or other form
of this fern is found in all the Australian Colonies, |
Pteris aquilina var esculenta. The common bracken is the
most universal of ferns, but the Australian variety is said to belong
exclusively to the southern hemisphere.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA: | 11
Pteris incisa, or bat’s wing fern, is a tall light coloured fern
often seen en the western side of hills in southern Queensland and
throughout the other Australias, with Tasmania.
Doodia caudata. A most common fern in Queensland, is also
plentiful in N. S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, very various as
to form as will be seen by referring to the botanical part of this
work.
Polypodium punctatum. Very like Hypolepis and for which
it may be mistaken, if the seed patches be not observed, is a tall
soft hairy fern with running rootstock. Queensland, N. 8. Wales,
Victoria and Tasmania.
Grour V.—Rockx FErnNs.
Gleichenia dicarpa. Stem wiry trailnmg over damp rocks,
leaves large intricately divided, covered with small round leaflets.
Petrie’s quarries near Brisbane to Rockingham Bay in Queensland,
also in many parts of N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Trichomanes parvulum. A _ beautiful moss-like bristle tern,
found on many wet rocks in shady places in Queensland, as
Enoggera, Maroochie and Trinity Bay range. The plant is also
found on trees.
Trichomanes pyxidiferum Leaves transparent about two inches
long from a closely matted running stem, found covering the rocks
in the beds of creeks in the ranges of tropical Queensland.
Trichomanes parviflorum. Leaves very much divided into
narrow lobes, whole leaf three to six inches high, found on the damp
recks of Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Hymenophyllum javanicum. The frilled stalked filmfern. Is
found on damp rocks also at Rockingham Bay, in Queensland,
Blue Mountains, N. 5. Wales, and in several parts of Victoria and
Tasmania. « j
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense or Tunbridge filni fern. This
’ well known and favourite British fern seems only to have been met
with in one locality in Queensland, Mount Lindsey, but it is more
plentiful in N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Davallia pedata. This lovely creeping fern clothes the rocks
somewhat like: ivy, where it is found, but it is not very plentiful.
Mount Graham, Herbert River, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Lindsexa linearis. A brittle pinnate, narrow, erect leaved fern
often found growing in the crevices of rocks at Stanthorpe and
Moreton Bay in Queensland. Is more general in all the other
Australian colonies and Tasmania.
Lindsea cultrata L. flabellulata and L lobata, are pretty close
growing ferns which are found on damp rocks in several parts of
tropical Queensland. ‘The first also grows on the rocks at
' Maroochie.
Adiantum lunulatum on rocks, Rockingham Bay. This Maiden-
hair fern is simply pinnate, leaflets large, somewhat crescent-shaped.
The leaf frequently bearing a young plant at its end.
12 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Adiantum capillus-veneris. The British Maiden-hair fern.
This well known and wide spread fern has only been met with in
one place in Australia, on the wet rocks near Northampton,
according to Flora Australia, Vol. VII, page 723, which is probably
a mistake; for our common species, A. hispidulum, when found on
rocks in dense shade, is, while young, very similar to it, the leaflets
being on such plants often deeply cut. |
Adiantum affine. A strong growing handsome Maiden-hair
fern, found creeping over the rocks in bed of the Maroochie River,
and creeks in Queensland, and also in several places in N. 8. Wales.
Pteris faleata. A beautiful brittle stalked fern often found
among dry loose rocks in the ranges, leaves from a foot to a foot
and a half long,-with many hard dark green leaflets. The form
and also size of the pinne ‘varies considerably in this species; a
smaller form of more tufted growth, is one of the commonest ferns
met with on damp rocks; this small form is figured in ‘Species
Filicum” plate II[,as Pellea falcata var. nana. One or other form
of the species is met with in Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria
and ‘Tasmania.
Pteris longifolia. A fine tall erect leaved tufted fern. Leaves
of many long narrow tapering leaflets. Found.on the rocks of the
Main Range, Cunningham’s Gap and Rockhampton in Queensland,
Blue Mountains and other parts of N. S. Wales, and also in
Victoria. .
Monogramme junghuhnii, on damp rocks, Rockingham Bay.
This curious narrow leaved fern might be mistaken for a tuft of
grass. Queensland.
Doodia caudata. A most variable fern, very common to both dry
and wet rocks; leaves at times stiff and erect, but commonly
very thin, weak, and lying on the surface of rock; the end of leaf
‘lengthened out and somewhat tail-like, whence the naine. Very
abundant in Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Asplenium nidus, the Bird’s nest fern, is quite as often seen
on rovks as on trees, in which group it has been already noticed.
The same may be said of A, simplicifrons, already noticed.
Asplenium attenuatum, may be found on old damp rocks in
shady places in Southern Queensland and N. S. “Wales. The
plaut is of a tufty habit, the leaves long and tapering to the point
where it often produces a young plant; they are entire or very much
cut up into lobes on which account one variety is named multi
lobum, another variety found at Maroochie is always entire, after
which feature it is named.
Asplenium flabellifolium. A pretty little tufted fern found on
damp rocks, Enoggera Creek, and also Dalrymple Creek, Queens-
land, and in many parts of N. 8. Wales, South Australia,
Victoria, Western: Australia and Tasmania. Its delicate hair-like
leaf stalk and fan shaped leaflets make it a general favourite in
cultivation. It suits admirably for hanging baskets.
Asplenium paleaceum, is very like the much divided form of
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 13
A. attennatum. but is much more hairy and covered usually with
scales. On wet rocks in many parts of tropical Queensland.
Asplenium laserpitiifolium. The most graceful of all the
Australian Aspleniuams. The leaves are much divided, the stalks
polished, black, habit of plant tufted, with tall leaves the upper
portion of which falls outwards in a beautiful curve. On rocks,
&c., Northern Queensland scrubs.
Aspidium cordifolium The well known bulbous fern of
Queensland rocks, also found growing in the mass formed on trees
by other plants. Also in several places in New South Wales. A
useful fern for growing in hanging baskets, being very hardy.
Aspidium exaltatum. A very large fern found rambling over
the rocks of the tropical Queensland coast, leaves often six feet
high. This fern in growth resembling the garden strawberry by
sending out weak runners at the end of which a plant is formed so
soon as it is caught in the crevice of rock.
Polypodium australe. A very small densely matted fern
growing on damp rocks, Maroochie, Queensland, and many parts
of N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Polypodium Hookeri. Rather larger than the last, but like
that species forming a dense mat on the damp rocks, Rockingham
Bay Ranges, Trinity Bay in Queensland; also Lord Howe’s
Island, N. 8. Wales.
Polypodium subauriculatum. Stem thick, shortly creeping
over rocks; leaves thin pinnate two or three feet long, somewhat
weeping in habit; this handsome fern is also found growing on trees
in many parts of tropical Queensland. Is a handsome fern and
easy to cultivate either on rockwork or in hanging baskets.
Polypodium rigidulum. Is the most universal rock fern in
Queensland, and is well known by the great difference in appearance
between its two forms of leaves. The short broad dry form is often
gathered for decorative purposes. This is another fern which is
admirably adapted for growing in hanging baskets, the great
diversity of its foliage making it always an object of interest, and
another great advantage is it will bear a much more exposed
situation than most other ferns. Found on dry rock throughout
Queensland, and Blue Mountains, N. S. Wales.
Notholena distans. A small hairy fern found on exposed rocks
in many parts of Queensland, N. 8S. Wales, Victoria, South
Australia, and Western Australia.
Notholena vellea is a larger plant, more hairy or woolly, which
is met with on rocks throughout tropical Australia, and in a few
extratropical places. The plant is difficult to cultivate but very
handsome.
Grammitis Muelleri. A most beautiful fern with a very vari-
able foliage, which is densely covered on the back with scaly hairs ;
the plant is peculiar to Queensland and may be found in abundance
on the rocks of the hills about Cleveland Bay, and many other parts
of tropical Queensland. This very desirable plant has lately been
14 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
most successfully cultivated by Mr. Pink, gardener to the Queens-
land Acclimatisation Society. |
Grammitis rutefolium. A small tufted fern met with on damp
rocks throughout Australia and Tasmania.
Antrophyum reticulatum. ‘This fern is found on damp rocks
in many parts of tropical Queensland. In appearance it resembles
the plantain or rib-grass.
Acrostichum conforme, or Deer’s tongue fern is another simple
leaved fern found on rocks about Rockingham Bay, &c.
- Both the species of Platycerium are found on rocks, but are seen
to greater perfection on trees under which heading they have been
noticed.
Grove VI.—Scrus Ferns.
Gleichenia dichotoma. A large handsome rambling fern found
on the borders of scrubs, where the soil is swampy, from Port
Jackson around the coast to Port Darwin.
Davallia spelunce. A large fern of somewhat rambling habit,
leaves much divided and flaccid, found in tropical Queensland on
the borders of scrubs. :
Adiantum formosum. The tall Maiden-hair fern,very abundant
in Queensland and N. 8. Wales and a few places in Victoria.
Leaves much divided, stalks shiny black.
Pteris paradoxa. This curious fern has a running under-
ground stem from which arises leaves varying much in shape and
size, at times only a few inches high, and bearing a single leaflet, at
other times bearing from five to nine rather large oval leaflets
which when fertile have a broad band of seed-patch around their
edge which adds greatly to their beauty. Common to the scrubs
of Queensland and N. 8. Wales.
Pteris umbrosa. A handsome fern of mountain scrubs, plant
tufted rootstock thick leaves tall dark green deeply lobed. Southern
Queensland and N. 8. Wales, and also Genoa River, Victoria.
Pteris tremula. A fine fern, leaves tall erect, much divided
stalks polished, brown, very abundant in the scrubs of Queensland,
N.S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Pteris quadriaurita. Of tufted growth like the last, leaves of
much fewer divisions. Found in the scrubs of tropical Queensland.
Pteris marginata. Rootstock thick raising slightly from the
ground, leaves very large divided into three divisions which are
again divided into numerous lobes; one of the most imposing ferns
of the scrubs of North Queensland.
Pteris comans. Is a somewhat similar fern to the last, but the
leaves are much more branehed and are not of so succulent a
nature as that kind. The present kind is found in Southern
Queensland and N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Asplenium umbrosum, or Caraway-seed fern. A large spread-
ing plant from a stout short rootstock. Leaves broad generally of
a succulent nature on the back of which the seed patches are in the
form of caraway-seeds covered: over with a thin skin.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 15
Asplenium australe. Is a similar plant but may be dis-
tinguished by its more delicate leaves, smaller rootstock, and by
the stalks being generally darker colored. Both are met with in
the dense scrubs of Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and
Tasmania.
Asplenium decussatum. Stem short erect leaves broad often
bearing bulbs (gemme) on the midrib. Rockingham Bay,
Daintree River, &c., Queensland.
Aspidium pteroides. A tall handsome leaved fern with run-
ning underground stem, leaves with many long spreading leaflets.
- Seed patches near the edge covered by a thin kidney-shaped skin.
Found in scrubs Rockingham Bay, and at foot of range Smithfield
Barron River, Trinity Bay, Queensland.
Aspidium confiuens, Stem short erect crowned by many broad
leaves deeply lobed, on long dark colored stalks. This is one of
the most showy ferns of our north Queensland scrubs, plentiful at
Rockingham Bay and Trinity Bay Ranges,- Johnstone and
Daintree Rivers.
Aspidium aculeatum. A coarse leaved, often densely scally,
fern. Found at head of Dalrymple Creek, South Queensland and in
many parts of N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Aspidium aristatum. Stem creeping, leaves glossy, stalks hairy
at the base, edge of leaf bordered by teeth ending in bristle-like
points. Found in a few places in Queensland and N. S, Wales.
Aspidium decompositum. A most variable fern, both hairy and
not hairy. The scale covering the seed-patches at times large and
prominent, but on some plants quite small. The whole plant
usually of.a dark color. Found in most of the Queensland scrubs,
in N. 8. Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and also South Australia.
Aspidium tenerum. A very handsome and distinct kind, but
at times may be mistaken for the last, the leaves being similarly
divided into many parts, but the seed-patches will be observed to be
placed very near to the margin. Found in scrubs from Moreton
to Keppel Bays in Queensland, and in several of the northern
scrubs of N.S Wales.
Aspidium tenericaule, Thw. Rootstock stout thick, very shortly
creeping, covered with soft scales. Leaves tall of delicate texture,
stalks thick light colored also very scally while young. This fine
fern should rather be placed under the genus Polypodium. Found
in Three-mile scrub near Brisbane, in some of the tropical scrubs of
Queensland, and also the Clarence River, N. S. Wales.
Polypodium urophyllum. Stem running underground sending
up at distant intervals tall pinnate leaves, bearing leaflets, at times
nearly a foot in length, having very regular veins joined to each
other by their ends, seed-patches round in regular rows. Found in
mountain scrubs of tropical (Queensland.
Polypodium Hillii. A very handsome and rare fern, leaves
large tall densely covered with short soft hairs. Found near
Cleveland Bay, Queensland.
16 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Polypodium peecilophlebium. At times this fern might be
mistaken for P. urophyllum, with which it is often found, but the
direction of its veins are always very irregular and it is of much
smaller habitat. Scrubs of tropical Queensland.
Polypodium nigrescens. Stem creeping thick, leaves tall broad
and deeply lobed, the seed-patches deeply sunk in the leaf and
forming raised lumps on the upper surface. Daintree River,
Queensland.
Polypodium phymatodes. A fern very similar to the last, leaf
perhaps of a thicker substance and vein not so prominent. Often
found near the coast of tropical Queensland.
Polypodium verrucosum. Leaves tall pinnate, smooth leaflets
long narrow, mark of seed-patches prominent on the upper surface
of leaflet. Rockingham Bay, Daintree River. |
Acrostichum repandum. Stcm creeping, leaves tall, leaflets four
or five inches long often lobed, leaflets of fertile leaves much
smaller. Several of the scrubs of tropical Queensland.
A. neglectum. Is certainly one of the most beautiful of our
ferns, I found it on a small flat in one of the gullies leading into
the Barron River, Trinity Bay range. Its fronds are from two to
three or even more feet high deeply cut into narrow lobes, which are
furnished on the margin with teeth like a saw, the stalks are
frilled to the base, and the whole frond of a rich deep green color.
Group VIIl.—Swamrp Frrns.
Helminthostachys zeylanica. Rookstock shortly creeping. The
leaf from six to eighteen inches high, tender spread out somewhat
like a hand on the top of the stalk, at the base of which arises a.
spike bearing the seed. This curious plant is most abundant around
swamps from Rockhampton to the Barron River, Trinity Bay,
Queensland.
Schizeea Forsteri- A small and beautiful fern often found
growing among the roots of tall palmsin swamps. Leaf fan shaped
from three to six inches high, divided into narrow lobes crowned by
star shaped brown seed patches, rest of plant a bright green.
Found at the base of palms at Maroochie, and also Trinity Bay
ranges.
Ceratopteris thalictroides. A water fern found growing in
the still waters of swamps and also on the damp soil around.’
Leaves from a short thick crown much and irregularly divided into
narrow stalk-like lobes; the whole of a very pale color. Found from
Brisbane River to Port Darwin, most abundant around the Barron
River.
Gleichenia circinata. A tall intricately branched fern found
around swamps on sandy lands; the underneath part-of leaf of a
pale color. Found in all the colonies except Western Australia.
Pteris geraniifolia. A very pretty tufted fern. Leaves resem-
bling those of the lobed leaved geranium or vine, two to six inches
high, stalks dark, as are also the main veins of the leaf. This
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 17
plant is often found growing on the hillocks formed by grass or
other plants in swamps ; from the Brisbane River to Rockingham
Bay. It is most abundant on some of the damp hills off the Pioneer
River, and is also met with in New England and N. 8. Wales.
Lomaria capensis. A strong coarse fern, often forming a
trunk of several feet in height. Leaves long erect of two forms,
pinnate leaflets of barren leaves, rough. Found from Hight-
mile Plains, near Brisbane, to Rockingham Bay in Queensland ;
common in swampy parts of N. 8. Wales, Victoria, South
Australia, (Mt. Lofty ranges) and also Tasmania.
Blechnum serrulatum. Rootstock long creeping, often running
up under the loose bark of tea-tree; leaves long on long stalks,
pale colored, the upper part bearing harsh linear leaflets the edge
of which finely toothed, seed patches near the mid-rib. Found
through Queensland round to Port Darwin and also in N. 8.
Wales.
Asplenium sylvaticum. A short erect scaly rootstock, leaves
one or two feet long, pinnate. Damp places, Rockingham Bay.
Asplenium maximum and Asplenium polypodioides are two
strong growing ferns which at times form a trunk of several feet in
height crowned at the summit, and some distance down their trunks
with large spreading leaves six or more feet long, and two or more
feet wide. Both are met with in the swamps of Northern Queens-
land and the first in several parts of N. 8S. Wales.
Aspidium unitum. Stem creeping beneath the surface; leaves
erect, the upper portion only with leaflets which are from two to
six inches long; one form of this plant is quite downy at times
but scarcely persistently enough to form a good variety. The plant
is common to all the swamps of Queensland, is found also in many
parts of N. 8S. Wales, and also Western Australia.
Acrostichum aureum. A tall fern of a yellowish hue, rootstock
short thick; leaves pinnate, often six feet high, many together,
forming large clumps in salt marshes ; on young plants the leaves
are very frequently simple, that is formed of a single leaflet.
Found from Port Darwin along the coast and up the river so far as
the tide reaches through Queensland to the rivers Clarence and
Richmond in N. S. Wales. A remarkable feature with this fine
plant is that it will succeed under cultivation without the aid of
saline influence.
Grove VIll.—Treer Ferns.
Todea barbara. This might have been placed equally well with
swamp kinds but at times it may be seen with a trunk of even
more than six feet in height and two fect in diameter, thus proving
its right to rank with tree ferns. The leaves with which this stout
trunk is crowned are twice pinnate, and often more than six feet
long; the seed patches are placed on the lower lobes of the second
leaflets. ‘ound in wet parts in many parts of Queensland, as
D
18 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Hight-mile Plains, Moreton Bay, Maroochie, Rockingham Bay
and also in several parts of N. 8. Wales, Victoria aud Tasmania.
Cyathea Lindseyana. A tree fern of Mount Lindsey, said to
have a trunk twelve feet high, four inches in diameter.
Cyathea arachnoidea. A tree fern of Rockingham Bay, said
to form a trunk nearly twenty-one feet high. Few specimens seem
to have been gathered of these two ferns and they are not known
in cultivation.
Alsophila Rebecezss. This is a very handsome tree with a
rather slender trunk of about ten feet in height, often forming a
mass of short stems at its base; leaves long and broad, of a rich
dark green color. Found in close gullies, Rockingham Bay, Port
Denison, Daintree River of tropical Queensland. Small plants
of this kind under cultivation often produce fertile leaves which
are also at times simply pinnate.
Alsophila australis. ‘Trunk twenty feet high, stout leaves
large spreading covered with scales while young. The commonest
tree fern of Queensland, found both south and north; abundant
also in N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. This fern is rather
variable and on that account has been by some separated into
several species.
Alsophila Leichhardtana. A tall rather slender stem tree fern,
very dark and rough, leaves large and spreading, the stalks very
rough. Abundant at Maroochie, Queensland, and several places in
N. 8. Wales.
Alsophila;,Robertsiana. A very distinct tree fern of Rocking-
ham Bay, and Bellenden Ker Ranges. Stem about eight or ten
feet high, leaves large and hairy.
Dicksonia antarctica. A tall tree fern, said to be at times
fifty feet in height, stem very thick; leaves large broad harsh.
Found in southern Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria, South
Australia and Tasmania.
Dicksonia Youngie. A handsome tree fern, height about ten
feet, leaves large glossy, the stalks at the bottom thickly covered
with long brown hairs. Bellenden Ker in Queensland, several
places of N. 8. Wales. Some fragmentary specimens received from
the Bunya Mountains appear to belong to this species.
Asplenium polypodioides often forms a trunk six or more feet
high in the swamps of tropical Queensland, and might thus with
propriety be placed among tree ferns as well as where it will be
found with swamp kinds.
OOF CYLCH AOS~>5
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 19
AUSTRALIAN FERNS
SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED.
“Tr we give our children nothing but an amusing employment, we lose
the best half of our design ; which is, at the same time that we amuse
them, to exercise their understanding, and to accustom them to
attention. Before we teach them to name what they see, let us begin
by teaching them how to see. Suffer them not to think they know
anything of what is merely laid up in their memory.” Rousseaw’s
Letters on Botany.
Fotitowine the arrangement of the Filices or Ferns in the Flora
Australiensis we find them divided into six (6) tribes, the last of
which is again divided into two (2) sections, the one with, the other
without indusium, or covering to the sori, or seed-patches.
Trise I.—Oprutogiossem. This is the only tribe whose frond in
a young state are not rolled inwards (circinate). The barren frond
or portion of frond leaf-like, the fertile portion spike-like, simple or
branched, the stalks most frequently combined at the base. Spore-
cases globular, two-celled, without any ring, sessile (stalkless) in two
rows or in small clusters on the spike or its branches, Genera 3.
1.—Opruiogitossum Linn. or ADDERS-TONGUE.
Fronds two-branched, the barren portion spreading leaf-like
entire or forked at the end, reticulated veins forming elongated
areoles, fertile portion spike-like simple stalked. Spore-cases sessile
(stalkless) and more or less combined back to back in two rows
along the rib, opening in a fissure transverse as to the spike,
longitudinal as to the spore-case. The name literally means the
same as the English, and is derived from the supposed resemblance
of the fertile spike to a serpent’s tongue. ‘There are two species of
this in Australia.
O. vulgatum, Linn. Common Adders-tongue. There are several
forms all having the same short fleshy rootstock which might be
compared to a miniature Dahlia root, but varying much in the size
and form of the frond. The combined frond usually solitary, but
occasionally sending up several fronds from the same rootstock,
from one to nine inches high, the barren leaf-like portion stalkless
(sessile) at or below the middle of the stipes (stalk), varying from
broadly ovate or oblong-lanceolate and a few inches long, to
roundish and not over a + or 4 inch, or very narrow-lanceolate or
linear, and one inch or more long. The veins when broad
copiously netted but in the narrow forms more longitudinal and but
slightly anastomosing, the fertile portion or tongue varying in size
with the plant as is the case with the spore-cases, sometimes there
20 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
being a very few, sometimes over a dozen in each row. The
normal form, or the one with large broad blades, will be mostly met
with in close damp gullies or beds of rivers, between ranges, often
growing in the crevices of rocks. The other two forms are usually
found growing among grass in damp localities all over Queensland,
also in N. 8. Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and N. Australia.
O. pendulum, Linn. Ribbon Fern. This plant is mostly found
epiphytal on stag’s-horn fern, its fronds long and fleshy often
hanging like fleshy ribbons from the base of the plant upon which
it is growing to the length of several teet, the ends are at times
forked; about the middle of this long ribbon is situdted the tongue-
like fertile spike which is often short but at times six inches long
and 4 inch broad bearing two opposite rows of spore-cases as in
the terrestrial species. The short fleshy roots of this species are
very brittle, thus it is difficult to transplant without removing a
large portion of the stag’s-horn along with it, indeed it always
seems to thrive best when growing in company with that fern.
_ Found throughout Queensland and part of N. S. Wales.
II.—Botrycuium, Swartz. on Moonworr.
Fructification on a distinct branch of the frond paniculate with
many one-sided spikelets spore-cases in two rows, globose separate,
bursting transverse to the rib or branch on which they are placed
longitudinal as to the spore-case.
Name derived from the Greek on account of the supposed resem-
blance of the fertile portion of the frond to a bunch of grapes.
Two species are met with in Australia.
B. lunaria, Swartz. The common moonwort of Britain has
not as yet been found in Queensland but is plentiful in Victoria
and Tasmania. Size of plant varying from three to eight inches
high, a few scales at the base, otherwise smooth erect, barren portion of
frond pinnate one to three inches long, bearing from five to fifteen
somewhat fan-shaped leaflets entire or notched at the margin, veins
forked radiating from the base, fertile branch erect shortly branched;
usually found on grassy plains.
B. ternatum, Swartz. Grape Fern. Roots often deep in the
earth. Fertile and barren portions of frond often divided just above
the crown of the plant; from six to eighteen inches high, fertile
portions erect, barren portions spreading and much divided resem-
bling a leaf of parsley, veins diverging but mostly hidden in the thick
substance of the frond. Besides many parts of Queensland this
fern is also met with in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
The plant delights in a rich dark moist soil, and is therefore often
met with along the banks of rivers; at one time it was abundant
along the Brisbane. In the gullies of Taylor’s range fine specimens
may often be gathered.
IJ].—Hetuinruostacuys, Kautr.
Fertile portion of frond consisting of an erect spike bearing small
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 21
clusters of spore-cases around its stalk. Name derived from two
Greek words on account of the fertile portion of frond being supposed
to resemble a worm.
H. zeylanica, Hook. A fern common to the swamps of Northern
Queensland, rootstock or rhizome thick horizontal one to six inches
long, sending out thick hard fibres from the under surface; frond
one to two feet high of two parts, the erect fertile portion stalked
spike-like, often wanting; barren portion broad stalkless spreading
divided mostly into three parts which are often again divided into
long segments three to six inches long, half-inch to one-inch broad,
these segments are at times slightly toothed (denticulated); veins
simple or forked, diverging from the mid-rib. This plant in the
Moluccas is regarded as a slight aperient, is used as a pot herb, the
young shoots resembling asparagus.
Trise I].—Marartire. The young growth rolled inwards
(circinate) thus differing from Tribe I, but, like that tribe, having
no jointed ring to the spore or sced cases; opening in two valves
or in a longitudinal slit, sessile or united, in two rows ; in the sori
forming marginal lobes to the segments, or placed on their under
surface.
IV.—Lyeopium, Swartz. SNAKE’s TONGUE.
Beautiful climbing ferns, often met with along the edge of rivers
and swamps, covering the shrubs and climbing to a great heigut
up the surrounding trees by their twining stems or rather branched
fronds, which bear pinnate (in the Australian species) branches in
divaricate pairs. Pinnules of the barren portion from ovate to
lanceolate ; spore cases globular or transversely oblong, with longi-
tudinal strie at the upper end, opening in a longitudinal slip,
sessile in two rows. Sori forming spike-like lobes on the border of
pinnule, spore cases solitary within a scale. Name from Lygodes,
flexible.
L scandens, Swartz. Climbing Snake fern. Rhizome cxspitose
branches of frond conjugate, pinnate, pinnules few or many, varying
in form from nearly heart shaped (cordate) to almost hastate,
sometimes slightely lobed at the base; articulated on a_ short
petiolule at the base of the lamina the petiolule remaining persistent
on the rhachis after the pinnule has fallen. Veins free, forked free
radicating, the central more or less costz form. Sori in spikes
around the edge of pinnules which are in other respects similar to
the barren ones, spore-cases various in number on the same
specimen. Common in or around swamps within a few miles of
the coast, from the Tweed River to Port Darwin.
Lygodium reticulatum Schkuhr. Scrub Snake fern. Habit of
plant similar to last but habitat very different, this species being
usually found in the dense scrubs of tropical Australia climbing
high up the tall trees like L. scandens, the pinnules are articulated
upon the petiolule but they are usually much larger, more rigid,
22 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
and of a darker color. The veins are forked from a central costa,
venules anastomosing in unequal oblique-elongated, hexagonal
areoles. Sori in spike along edge of pinnule. Found on York
Peninsula, Daintree River, Rockingham Bay, ‘Trinity Bay
Range, &c.
Lygodium japonicum, Swartz. Habit of plant similar to L.
scandens having the same form of climbing rhachis and conjugate
branches on short primary petioles, but the pinnules are much longer
and not articulated, the lower ones often pinnate, veins free. Sori
forming short linear marginal lobes as in the other species. This
species is very plentiful along the banks of rivers in tropical
Australia, and perhaps is found further inland than the other
species of the gents; to those pteridologists who look to the
venation aS a primary characteristic in classification, it will seem
out of place to find a fern with anastomosing veins placed between
two free veined species. But in the Flora Australiensis greater
importance seems to be attached to the articulation of the petiolule
than venation of the pinnule.
| V.—Scuizma, Sm.
Rhizome czespitose. Fronds erect, linear, terete, simple or
dichotomously forked. Sori forming small linear pinnules, closely
imbricate in a second spike at the end of the fertile segments,
those of the two sides folded against each other with the fructifica-
tion inside. Spore-cases globular or bluntly ovate having a many-
rayed apical ring, opening in two valves, sessile in two rows
covering the inner surface of the pinnule which is really their under
side, though from the curvature of the spike it appears to be the
upper side. Name from schizo,.to divide ; from its split fronds.
S. fistulosa, Labill. Fronds densely tufted, four to eight inches
high terete, undivided rough, spikes of the fertile ones about half
inch long, with six to twenty pair of oblong soriferous pinnules
scarcely more than a line long denticulate or shortly fringed, spore-
cases usually four to eight pair in each sorus. Found in heathy
places in Gipps-land and other parts of Victoria, also in many
places in ‘Tasmania.
S. bifida, Swartz. Fronds densely tufted, terete six to eighteen
high, once forked at or about the middle or undivided, stipes often —
chestnut brown. Spike of the fertile ones half to three-quarter
inches long the soriferous pinnules numerous and closely packed,
narrow-linear, three to four lines long fringed with cilia, spore-cases
often twenty pair much smaller than in S. fistulosa. Found in
North Australia, very common throughout Queensland on dry
forest land, plentiful in all parts of N. 8. Wales, it is also met
with in Victoria and Tasmania.
S. rupestris, R. Br. Fronds about four inches high, undivided,
flattened about a line broad tapering to a short filiform stipes.
Fertile spike under half inch long, the soriferous pinnules six to
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 23
eight pair denticulate but not ciliate, the lower ones about two lines
long and from that tapering to about one line. Spore-cases ten to
twelve pair. Found on damp rocks in the Blue Mountains,
Illawarra and Port Jackson, N. S. Wales.
S. dichotoma, Swartz. Rhizome shortly creeping, fronds six
to eighteen inches high, firm erect, channelled above divided
dichotomously, flabelliform in general outline four to nine inches
broad, the segments of barren frond somewhat flattened segments
of fertile frond narrower and each ending in a crest of soriferous
pinnules as in S. bifida but the whole smaller. This curious sedge-
like fern is found on the sandy land near the coast throughout
Queensland to Port Darwin ; at times it may be met with growing
in the crevices of rocks further inland and might then be mistaken
for Psilotum triquetrum Sw ; specimens have also been gathered on
the Blue Mountains and Parramatta, N. 8. Wales.
S. Forsteri, Spreng. F.v. Muell Fragm VIII 275. Rhizome
short scaly. Fronds three to nine inches high, glossy, Stipes
light-colored channelled, the upper portion of frond dichotomously
divided into four segments, which are rather broad for the size of
the frond, glossy and taper to a neck like contraction at the apex
thus giving a stipitate appearance to the fructification which is
composed of from four to six hairy pinnules shorter than in 8.
dichotoma and placed digitato-pinnate not pectinato-pinnate as in
that species, spore-cases biserial as in the other Australian species.
The habitat of this species differs widely from that of the others it
having only as yet been found in two places in Queensland, viz.,
Maroochie and Trinity Bay range, and in each of these places
tound growing amongst the roots of Palm trees which are often
some distance above the level of the ground.
VI.—Aneiortreris, Horrmann.
Rhizome, fleshy, subglobose, erect. Frond large, bi-pinnate, the
stipes thick with two large auricles at the base. Spore-cases
globular at first, laterally connected, afterwards free, without any
ring, opening inwards in two valves, sessile in two close opposite
rows forming an oblong sorus, these sori are placed side by side in
a continuous row near the margin of the pinnules. No indusium.
A.evecta, Hoffm. Rhizome, a subglobose mass of a few feet
high and thick, emitting thick fleshy cord-like roots from its base.
Fronds bi-pinnate, very broad, twelve or more feet long, stipes
thick pubescent, swollen and articulated at the base above the two
leathery auricles which remain attached to the rhizome, pinne the
lowest the largest, also swollen at the base of rhachis pinnules four
to eight inches long, half-inch to one and half broad, abruptly
-acummate, crenate serrate or at times entire, sessile or shortly stalked.
Veins nearly parallel, diverging from the mid-rib entire or forked.
Spore-cases four to six rows in each sorus. Found in close gullies
Rockingham Bay, Daintree River, Trinity Bay ranges, Fitzroy
Island, &c. One of the most noble of tropical ferns.
24 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
VIJl.—Mararrtia, Sm.
Rhizome large globose, formed of the thick squame-form bases
of fronds. Fronds large bi-tri-pinnate, the stipes with adnate
auricules at base. Spore-cases completly united in two rows, in oblong
boat-shaped sori placed side by side in a continuous row close to
the edge of the pinnules or between the mid-rib and margin, the
spore-cases opening inwards in longitudinal slits without any other
external mark to distinguish them, the sorus appearing divided into
so many cells in two rows. Name in honor of J. F. Maratti, of
Tuscany, a writer upon Ferns.
M. fraxinea, 5m. Potatoe Fern. Pinnules oblong, lanceolate,
acuminate, four to six inches long, half-inch to one and half broad,
veins numerous, parallel simple or forked, points of barren pinnules
often sharply serrated. Boat-shaped sori rather above a line long,
oblique and close together in a continuous row close to the margin,
the vein on which they rest sometimes slightly expanded and fringed
but scarcely so in the Australian form ; upper surface of the sorus
concave, the slits and cells indicating the number of united spore.
cases five to eight pairs in each sorus. In tropical Queensland this
fern is often very abundant on the wet banks of mountain creeks
seeming to delight in rich soil and dense scrub, also found on Lord
Howe's Island, N. 8. Wales, but this form is said to have smaller
pinnules and longer sori of fifteen to twenty pair of spore-cases..
Trive IIT.—Osmunpm. Fronds circinate in vernation, divided
or compound. Spore-cases globular or nearly so, without any or
with an imperfect or transverse ring, opening in two valves or
irregularly, few, sometimes solitary, rarely many and clustered, in
sori on the under surface of the segments or pinnules.
VITI.—Crratorreris, Bronaen. Warer Fern.
Fertile fronds compound with narrow linear segments often
proliferous. Sori of single globose spore-cases opening irregularly
with an incomplete or rudimentary ring, inserted on longitudinal
veins between the midrib and the margin of the segment in a loose
manner. Indusium continuous and membranous, formed of the
revolute margin of the segment. Spores large marked with con-
centric rings. Name from horn-like form of divisions ot frond.
C. thalictroides, Brongn. (Meadow-rue leaved Water Fern).
An annual aquatic or subaquatic tufted fern, fronds bi-tri-pinnate
the fertile ones six to eighteen inches high, the secondary or tertiary
pinne short, with few distinct linear ‘segments three-quarter to
above one inch long, the revolute margins enclosing the fructification
the whole length. Barren fronds distinct, shorter and more spread-
ing, with fewer short broad variously shaped segments, flat and of a
solt half succulent texture usually of a light color. Spore-cases
in the Australian form with a broad nearly complete ring.
Plentiful in and around mbny of the swamps of tropical Queens-
land, both in water and on the damp land; a few years ago
plentiful near Brisbane, also found in North Australia.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 25
[X.—Puatyzoma, R. Br.
Rhizome horizontal, upon which the fronds are densely tufted,
fronds pinnate, pinne small numerous. Sori of two to four spore-
cases terminating simple veinlets proceeding from the midrib, the
soriferous end free and incurved between the frond and an inner
membrane. Spore-cases globular, very deciduous, bursting irregu-
larly, the inner membrane of the pinna irreguiarly torn and
disappearing. Name from the broad band of spore-case.
P. microphyllum, R.Br. Braid fern. Rhizome densely
covered with long brown setaceous scales, fronds narrow, linear,
rigid, six to twenty-four inches high. Therhachis smooth and glossy.
Pinne exceedingly numerous, about a line long and broad; the
revolute margins almost closed over the midrib so as to give them a
globular, or ovoid, bullate form, glabrous outside, powdery inside,
especially on the midrib. Soriferous veins two or three on each side
of the midrib. Found in several parts of North Australia and
tropical Queensland, where on sandy hillocks it ix said often to
form a dense sward with its close, rigidly erect, fronds.
X.—GLEICHENIA, 5m.
Fronds from a creeping rhizome erect or scrambling, the main
rhachis dichotomous, with numerous entire or pinnatifid pinnules
distichous along the ultimate branches and often also below the last
forks.. Sori without indusium of few (two to twelve) spore-cases
attached to one branch of, forked veinlets, either superficial or
slightly embedded in the substance of the frond. Spore-cases
surrounded by a transverse ring and opening vertically in 2 valves.
Name in honor of K, W. F. von Gleichen, a German. author on
microscopic plants.
G. circinata, Swartz. Parasol Fern. Fronds sometimes short,
but often repeatedly dichotomous and scrambling to the height of
many feet, the main rhachis glabrous or shortly scaly-hirsute.
Pinnules numerous along the ultimate branches, one to two inches
long, pinnately divided into numerous ovate or almost orbicular
segments, one to two lines diameter adnate by the broad base,
often whitish underneath, flat on the margin more or less recurved
or revolute. Sori of two to four, spore-cases superficial or half
immersed in a slight cavity near the upper base or angle of the
segments. This is the most widely spread of all the Australian
species, being found in all the colonies. The form G. microphylla
R. Br. has a more hairy rhachis and is wanting in the whitish
covering to the under side of the segments. ‘This form belongs to
the southern colonies.
G. dicarpa, R. Br. Fronds like the small form of the last, with
the rhachis glabrous or scaly-hispid, but the segments smaller
almost globular and bullate, the revolute margins almost closed
over to the rhachis, thus becoming saccata (pouch-like), sori of two
K
26 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
or rarely three spore-cases nearly concealed within the almost
slipper-shaped segment in a broad cavity close to the rhachis and
occupying more than helf the breadth of the segment. Found in
several parts-of Queensland running over wet rocks, also in N. S.
Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
G. flabellata, R. Br. Fan Fern. Fronds tall, often six or more
feet high, repeatedly dichotomous in fan-shaped branches. Pinnules
numerous along the last branches and continued along the rhachis
below the last fork, linear-lanceolate entire or the margins obscurely
undulate, rarely much above one inch long, dilated. and sometimes
confluent at the base, one to one and a half lines broad, glabrous or
with a few scaly hairs underneath, the numerous veinlets proceeding
from the midrib forked, one fork bearing below the summit a
superficial sorus of two to five, usually three or four spore-cases.
Found in damp rocky forest gullies throughout Queensland, N. S.
Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The small form called G. tenera
R. Br. Prod. found in Tasmania differs only from the species in
having smaller and more membranous fronds.
G. dichotoma, Hook. This is the largest of the Australian
species, fronds dichotomous as the last. Pinnules undivided, linear -
or linear-lanceolate, on the last branches of the stipes above the last
fork, mostly about an inch long but sometimes longer, somewhat
stiff, glancous underneath, dilated and often shortly confluent at
the base, the lowest one on the outer side of the rhachis usually
longer and more or less pinnatifid. Transverse veinlets proceeding
from the midrib branching at the base, one branch bearing near the
base a sorus of eight to twelve spore-cases. ‘This fine showy fern is
rather plentiful around the borders of tropical scrubs in Queensland
and North Australia, it is also said to have been gathered in N. S.
Wales. The following note is given in the Flora Australiensis
alter the description of the species :—‘ R. Brown in transferring it
from Polypodium to Gleichenia rejected Thumberg’s. specific name as
being. characteristic of the whole genus and therefore no longer
appropriate for a single species. Willdenow nevertheless retained
Thumberg’s name but placed the plant in Mertensia, now generally
united with Gleichenia. Hooker first adopted Thumberg’s specific
name under Gleichenia and has been fullowed by most others. The
genera in ferns has been thrown into such confusion and uncertainty
that pleridologists acknowledge a right of priority in specific names
whatever may have been the genus under which they may have
been first published.”
XI—Topra, Wixp.
Trunk or rhizome erect. Frond compound. Spore-cases globular
or nearly so, pedicellate, with a very obscure transverse ring, some-
times only represented by a few parallel stria near the apex, opening
to the base in two valves, clustered in sori on the under surface of
the segment. Named in honor of Henry Julius Tode, of Mecklen-
berg, an eminent Mycologist. |
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 27
T. barbara, T. Moore. Trunk erect, very thick, from one to six
feet high. Frond varying in length from two to eight feet, narrow,
stipes slightly angular, naked or at times clothed with brown scales,
_twice pinnate. Pinne numerous from a few inches to a foot long.
Pinnules of a firm consistence narrow-lanceolate close one to two
inches long, the edge more or less distinctly toothed, the upper ones
decurrent and confluent at the base. Sori on the oblique simple or
forked veinlets usually covering the greater part of the under surface
of the lower pinnules of the lower pinne, the rest ot the frond
barren. Found in swamps or wet places from Rockingham Bay to
Moreton Bay in Queensland, also throughout N.S. Wales, Victoria
and Tasmania.
T. Fraseri, Hook. et Grev. Trunkor rhizome erect thick. Fronds
one to three feet long, twice pinnate. Pinnules lanceolate, dark
green and of a thin membranous texture like that of the pellucid
species of New Zealand, half to one inch long, deeply serrated.
Spore-cases small and few at the base of the midrib and of a few
of the lateral veins of the lower pinnules. ‘This species is confined
to the deep gullies of the mountains of N. 8. Wales.
T. Moorei, Baker. Trunk one to one and a half feet high, six
inches diameter. Fronds often four feet long twice pinnate.
Pinnules lanceolate of a thin membranous consistence as the last.
Spore-cases few and small as in T, Fraseri. So far as at present
known this species is confined to Lord Howe’s Island.
Trise [V.—Hymenornytiem. Fronds of a thin membranous
consistence mostly pellucid on usually a creeping rhizome. Spore-
cases depressed, with a transverse ring, sessile or nearly so on a
columnar receptacle arising from the base of a cup-shaped or deeply
two-valved indusium, embedded in or protruding from the margins
of the fronds, and of a consistence nearly similar.
XIJ.—Tricuomanygss, Linn. Bristie Fern.
Rhizome creeping, slender, or thick and short, fronds ‘usually
small delicate half pellucid, entire or variously divided and veined. ©
Sori terminal or lateral. Indusium (frequently called involucre) of
' the texture of the frond and continuous with it, tubular or funnel-
shaped, entire at the mouth or two lipped, sunk in the margin of the
frond, or protruding from it. The receptacle a filiform exserted
vein, the spore-cases sessile at its base. Name of uncertain
application.
T. peltatum, Baker. Rhizome filiform intricate adhering close
to the bark of trees by minute adventitious rootlets. Fronds
sessile, orbicular half to one inch broad, attached at or near the -
centre, overlapping each other and. closely appressed entire or
broadly lobed, texture very thin and glittering. Veins numerous, free
or forked, radiating from the spot where it is attached to the
rhizome. Sori few. Indusium tubular more or less embedded in
the fronds margin, the mouth sometimes two-lipped, the receptacle
28 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
scarcely exserted. Found closely clothing the stems of trees in the
dense scrubs of the Trinity Bay range.
T. vitiense, Baker. Rhizome’ filiform, growth similar to last,
Fronds shortly stipitate, oblong or linear-cuneate, entire or lobed,
one midrib only, no lateral veins four to six lines long. Sori
terminal. Indusium tubular embedded in the margin of the frond
or scarcely exserted, mouth entire slightly dilated. Receptacle
shortly exserted. Found closely adhering to the bark of trees in
dense scrubs throughout Queensland. !
T. yandinense, Bail. Rhizome filiform densely ‘and intricately
matted, clothed more or less with ferruginous hairs. Fronds shortly
stipitate, ovate to cuneate, the margins even or repand (slightly
uneven) sometimes the apex slightly lobed, four to six lines long.
Veins pinnately costeform, with regard to the main division which
are prominent, between these are numerous strieform ones also a
marginal or intramarginal one to which they all join. Sori terminal
usually solitary at the apex of the perfectly ovate fronds, but on
some two or three then giving a truncate appearance to the frond.
Indusium sunk in the frond, attenuated towards the base, the mouth
broad spreading. Receptacle slightly exserted. Found on the logs
and trunks of trees in the dense scrubs of Maroochie (Yandina).
This beautiful new species forms a connecting link between T.
vitiense and T. parvulum having somewhat the form of the former
and the veins of the latter.
T. parvulum, Poir. Rhizome filiform, creeping hairy. Fronds
stipitate, stipes capillary equal in length to the lamina, usually
flabellate but varying in general outline three to five lines in
diameter, unequally palmatifid, some of the lobes reaching to near
the base, all obtuse or emarginate veins external, in the live plant
often of a dark color. Sori terminal. Indusium large for the
plant, oblong, tubular spreading at the mouth. Receptacle included
or shortly exserted. Found covering the damp rocks, in many
parts of Queensland, usually where the serub is dense as Enoggera
Creek near Brisbane, Maroochie, Gympie Road, also in the tropical
scrubs, |
T. digitatum, Sw. Rhizome filiform creeping hairy. Fronds
on a rather long capillary stipes, quarter to half inch long, deeply '
and unequally divided into three to six broadly linear obtuse entire
or notched lobes, bordered by a few small teeth. Indusia broader |
than in most species, but embedded in the apex of the lobes, with a
very short open entire border. Found in Illawarra, N. S.:Wales.
T. venosum, R. Br. Rhizome very slender creeping, woolly-scaly.
Fronds of the most delicate texture on capillary stipites, two to four
inches or even more long pinnate. Pinnules linear or lanceolate,
mostly half to one inch long, toothed or with a few short unequal
lobes near the base, the veinlets of each pinnule pinnate, with simple
or forked branches, the midrib flexuose. Indusium embedded in a
short lobe near the base of the pinnule on the inner side, oblong,
with a short spreading entire border. Often found on the trunks of
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. — 29
tree ferns at the Clarence River and other places in N. S. Wales,
_the Dandenong Ranges and Victoria, and also many places in
‘Tasmania. |
T. javanicum, Blume. Rhizome creeping. Fronds lanceolate
in outline often faleate, three to four inches long, pinnate. Pin- .
nules numerous crowded along the rhachis, lanceolate-falcate,
shortly stipitate, about half inch long, of a thicker consistence and
darker color than most species, penniveined, the oblique simple or
forked, veinlets mostly produced into short setaceous teeth beyond
the margin. Indusia few, along the inner margin below the middle,
wholly exserted, narrow-oblong, with a small spreading border.
Receptacle exserted. Found at the Daintree River, Queensland,
so far as at present known its only Australian habitat.
T. rigidum, Sw. Rhizome erect short thick, stipites tufted
dark rough, harsh to the touch. Fronds ovate-lanceolate or nearly
triangular in outline three to six inches long, one and a half to
three inches broad at the base, dark and almost coriaceous, bi-
pinnate, with deeply pinnatifid lanceolate pinnules and linear
dentate segments, the primary and secondary rhachis winged only
towards the end. Indusia very abundant standing in an oblique
line from the frond to which they give a bristly appearance, embedded
in the lower inner teeth or lobes of the tertiary segment, or some-
times wholly free without any winged margins, narrow, with a small
spreading entire border. Receptacle exserted. This small dark
tufted fern, is one of frequent occurrence near the water’s edge of
mountain sirearus in tropical Queensland, also in Southern Queens-
land and N. 8. Wales at the Macleay River, &c.
T. pyxidiferum, Linn. Rhizome filiform densely matted. Fronds
on filiform stipites, seldom more than three inches long, ovate or
oblong in outline pinnate. Pinnex ovate, deeply pinnatifid or
bi-pinnatifid, the lower ones usually distinct, the upper ones con-
nected by a winged rhachis; lobes few, linear, one nerved. Indusia
occupying neatly the whole of short lateral lobes, often several to
each pinnule, oblong, with a broad mouth. Receptacle either very
long or scarcely exserted. Tropical Queensland, forming. large
moss-like patches on wet rocks.
T. caudatum, Brack. Rhizome creeping, rigid, rather stout.
Fronds narrow, thin, three to eight inches long, pinnate with pin-
natifid pinne or bi-pinnate with pinnatifid pinnules, the ultimate
segment linear, one-nerved, the upper. confluent ones short and rather
distinct, giving the pinnules an acuminate aspect. Indusia half
immersed in the short lower inner lobes of the pinnules or segments,
shortly oblong, with a narrow spreading border. Receptacle
exserted. Found at the Tweed River, [lkawarra, and several other
places in N. 8. Wales.
T. apiifolium, Presl. Rhizome thick and knotty. Stipes short
or long hispid at the base with spreading bristles. Fronds broadly
ovate-lanceolate in outline four to eight inches long bi-pinnate with
deeply bi-pinnatifid pinnules. Primary pinnules one to two inches
30) ' THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
secondary about half-inch long; segments very narrow linear, thin
one-nerved. Indusia almost embedded in the short inner lower
lobes, the tube shortly turbinate, the border spreading, often rather
broad, approaching that of a Hymenophyllum. Found at the
Richmond River, New England, and Lord Howe's Island in N. S.
Wales.
T. parviflorum, Poir. Rhizome creeping, rather thick. Fronds
broadly lanceolate in outline three to .six inches long, bi-pinnate
with deeply pinnatifid or pinnate pinnules the segments divided
into two to three almost setaceous lobes, giving the whole frond a
fennel-like aspect. Indusia the smallest in the genus, not half a
line long on little recurved stipites near the base of the pinnules,
turbinate, with scarcely spreading border. Qucensland habitat
Rockingham Bay, York Peninsula.
XITI.—Hymenopuyiium, Sm. Firm Fern.
Rhizome slender, creeping, often much branched and matted.
Fronds usually small, erect, of a delicate membranous _half-
pellucid texture, variously divided, the lobes usually linear one-nerved.
Sori terminal or lateral. Industum of the texture of the frond and
continuous with it, more or less cup-shaped at the base, and immersed
in the margin of the frond, the exserted portion deeply divided into
two broad lobes or valves. Receptacle oblong or linear, shorter
than the indusium or rarely rather longer. Spore-cases sessile at _
or near its base. Name from hymen, a membrane, and phyllon, a
leaf.
H. marginatum, Hook. et Grev. Fronds on a short filiform
stipes half to one inch long, linear and entire or once or twice
forked, with central costa and nerve-like margins not toothed. Sori
solitary and terminal. Indusium about half line long and broad,
divided nearly to the base into obovoid orbicular valves. Port
Jackson, N.S. Wales. A rare species. ,
H. rarum, R. Br. Rhizome creeping filiform. Stipes capillary.
Fronds two to four inches long pinnate or deeply pinnatifid;
segments or pinne once or twice forked, or three or five lobed, or
rarely undivided, the upper segments and their lobes confluent with
the narrowly winged rhachis, the lowest segments separated by a
capillary rhachis; lobes linear, one-nerved, not toothed. Sori
terminal. Indusium as broad as the segment, nearly one line
diameter, divided to the middle or rather lower into broad rounded
valves. Found at, Sealer’s Cove, Victoria, abundant in Tasmania
where it is said to clothe the trunks of tree ferns with a glistening
garment of beautiful green.
H. flabellatum, Labill. Rhizome densely matted, rigid. Fronds -
ovate or lanceolate in outline two to eight inches long, erect or
_ decurved, twice or thrice pinnatifid, the lower segments or pinne
distant, the rhachis as well as the stipes filiform and not winged,
the upper smaller ones confluent with the narrowly winged rhachis,
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 31
the lobes not dentate. Sori lateral or terminating the smaller lobes.
Indusium orbicular or rather broader than long, about half line
diameter, deeply divided into entire valves. Found in cool damp
places in N. 8. Wales and Victoria. Abundant in Tasmania.
H. javanicum, Spreng. Rhizome glabrous creeping. Fronds
ovate or lanceolate in outline three to eight inches long, twice or
thrice (bi-tripinnatifid) the rhachis winged, with a crisped wing .
which is continued down the stipes; scoments and lobes linear-
oblong, obtuse, not dentate. Sori on short lateral lobes, Indusium
ovate, about half inch long, divided nearly to the base into entire
valves. Found on the Coast Range, Rockingham Bay, in Queens-
land, Blue Mountains, N.S. Wales, also in a few places in Victori la,
but most plentiful in Tasmania.
H minimum, A. Rich. Rhizome filiform, matted. Fronds on
short capillary stipes, ovate in outline, quarter to half-inch long
deeply divided into five to eight simple or bifid-segments, slightly
denticulate. Sori usually one only to each frond, terminating the
main axis. Indusium nearly one line broad, deeply divided | into
two rounded denticulate open valyes. On ‘trees, top of Mount
Gower, Lord: Howe’s Island, N. 8. Wales.
H. pumilum, C. Moore. Rhizome filiform, forming broad dense
matted patches. Fronds ovate rhomboidal in outline, half to one
inch long and nearly as broad, deeply pinnatifid, the pinne close
together, deeply lobed, the lobes few, broadly linear, with more or
less denticulate margins. Sori few, terminating short lobes on the
_main axis. Indusium about a line in diameter deeply divided into
denticulate or rarely entire valves. Found in a few parts of |
New South Wales.
H. tunbridgense, Sm. Rhizome filiform, much branched and
densely matted forming moss-like patches. Fronds numerous on
capillary stipites lanceolate in outline, pinnate one to three inches
long; pinne deeply divided into three to eight linear lobes minutely
denticulate on the margin. Sori sessile or on a very. short lobe,
solitary at the base of the pinne ontheirupper margin. Indusium
ovate or orbicular, about one line diameter, divided to much below
the middle into more or less denticulate valves. Found on Mount
Lindsey, Queensland, and many. parts of N.S. Wales, Victoria
and Tasmania.
H. multifidum, Swartz. Rhizome creeping matted. Fronds on
filiform stipites, rhomboidal in outline, bi-tripinnatifid four inches
or more long, the upper segments confluent with the winged rhachis,
the lower pinne distinct; lobes linear, bordered by minute teeth.
Sori usually near the base of the primary or secondary pinne on the
upper margin as in the last species from which this differs in its com-
pound fronds and in the valves of the indusia being usually entire.
Australian habitat; on stems of trees Mount Gower, Lord Howe’s
Island, N.S. Wales.
Tree V, Crarnea.—Trunk arborescent, at least in the Aus-
tralian species. Fronds large, circinate in vernation, twice or thrice
32 -THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
pinnate. Spore-cases numerous, small, with a more or less oblique
ring, in globular sori on the under surface of the segments or
pinnules.
XITV.—Cyarugra. Smite.
Tree Ferns, with large twice or thrice pinnate fronds (with
regard to Australian species), the transverse veinlets of the
pinnules or segments forked or divided, bearing a sorus on one of
their branches, the sori arranged in a single row on each side
of the mid-rib. Sori globular, enclosed when young in a mem-
branous indusium which after bursting leaves a cup or complete ’
ring under the sorus. Spore-cases numerous, sessile or nearly so
on a shortly raised receptacle, each with a vertical or oblique ring.
Name derived from the Greek alluding to the small cup-shaped
indusium which surrounds the sorus. , °
C. Lindseyana, Hook. Caudex or trunk ten to twelve feet
high, twelve inches in circumference. Stipes and rhachis unarmed,
secondary pinne three to four inches long. Pinnules about. half-
inch long and two lines broad, the upper ones short and confluent,
membranous, glabrous or with a few scaly hairs on the mid-rib,
serrulate but not lobed. Soriin a double row near the mid-rib and’
distant from the margin. Indusium long-persistent, opening with
a circular rather small and jagged mouth. Found on Mount
Lindsey, Queensland. !
C. arachnoidea, Hook. Trunk fifteen to twenty feet high.
Rhachis dark colored, muricated with short black sharp spines and
clothed with a close whitish or, ferruginous tomentum; fronds tri-
pinnate, firm coriaceous glabrous above cobwebby . beneath.
Secondary pinne three to five inches long. Pinnules or segments
narrow, the lower ones four to six lines long and distinct, the upper
ones smaller and confluent, the fertile portion with recurved crenu-
lated margins. Veins sunk inconspicuous. Sori in a single row
on each side of the costule but occupying nearly the whole breadth.
Indusia persistent, white, globular, bursting irregularly at. the
apex. Hound among’ the hills at Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
C. Macarthurii, fF. v. M. Trunk ten to twelve feet high, fre-
quently bearing adventitious shoots on its sides. Fronds tripinnate
the rhachis covered with a whitish woolly tomentum, which however
in some specimens entirely disappears. Secondary pinne three to
four inches long. Lower pinnules quite distinct though attached
by a broad base, three to five lines long, minutely serrate-crenulate,
the upper ones gradually smaller and confluent, the pinna ending
in along dentate point. Sori rather small, on the short lateral
branches of scarcely prominent forked veinlets, forming a row cn
each side of the costule. Indusium complete and globular when
young, but soon breaking up, leaving a perfect ring under the sorus,
_ or more frequently entirely falling away. Foot of Mount Gower
and Lidgebird, Lord Howe’s Island, N..S. Wales.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 33
C. medullaris, Sw. Large black tree fern of New Zealand, where
it grows to a large size, often thirty feet in height, forming a tree-
like trunk of from two to three feet in diameter, the base of which
is densely matted with its roots, but the upper part is beautifully
marked by the scars from where the fronds have fallen. Fronds
ten to fifteen feet long and very broad, tri-pinnate, the rhachis and
primary branches sprinkled with small tubercles. Secondary pinne
four to six inches long, with numerous pinnules, the lower ones
distinct, linear, six to nine lines long, crenate or pinnatifid, the
upper ones short and confluent into a pinnatifid point. Sori one to
each lobe of the pinnule and occupying the greater part of its length.
Indusium broad and short under the sorus, irregularly lobed.
Found at the Richmond River, N. 8. Wales, Cape Otway, Victoria,
and near Circular Head, Tasmania.
C. brevipinnes, Baker. Rhachis, thick, scaly hispid. Primary
pinne about four inches long and three broad; secondary pinne
one to one and a half inches long; pinnules three to four lines long,
rather broad, entire or slightly lobed at the fruiting parts. Sori
large, one to each lobe. At present only known from part of a frond
gathered on Lord Howe’s Island, N. 8. Wales.
XV.—Hemireria, R. Br.
Tree ferns, with the habit and principal characters of Cyathea
and Alsophila. Sori in the typical American species towards the
end of the venules and on all or most of their branches, but in the
Australian one and a few others near the base of one fork as in
Cyathea. Indusium when open half cup-shaped or semi-circular,
interrupted on the upper side and often very deciduous. Name
derived from form of indusium. |
H. Moorei, Baker. Trunk eight to ten feet high. Fronds
tripinnate scaly-hirsute with a ferruginous pubescence often quite
disappearing or leaving a few tubercles. Secondary pinne lanceolate
two to three inches long; pinnules when fertile half inch long,
deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Veinlets once forked with a sorus
at the base of one fork. Sori thus in a single row on each side of
the midrib, one opposite each lobe as in Cyathea, but the indusium
when open dimidiate, being quite or almost interrupted on the
upper side. Found on side of Mount Gower, on Lord Howe’s
Island, N. 8. Wales.
| XVI.—Axsoruiza, R. Br.
Tree ferns with bi-pinnate fronds, the transverse veinlets of the
pinnules or segment forked or divided, bearing a sorus on one or
more of their branches. Sori globular, without indusium, but
sometimes it is called squamoso-indusiate on account of the
scattered scales which are found around the sorus. Spore-cases
numerous ; sessile or nearly so, usually more or less intermixed
with hairs on an elevated receptacle, each with a vertical or oblique
F
34 /THER FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
ring. The name is derived from alsos, grove, and phileo, to love.
The genus is difficult to distinguish from Polypodium, the raised
receptacle is perhaps the best characteristic mark but the tree-like
habit of all Australian species is another distinguishing mark.
A. Rebeccs, F. v. M. Trunk slender dark colored six to nine
feet high, often forming a thick mass of shoots at their base. Main
rhachis of frond dark rough. Secondary pinne dark and shining,
undivided lanceolate, two to three inches long, four to five lines broad
or rather more when barren, acuminate, crenate or obtusely serrate,
obliquely truncate at the base but not adnate to the rhachis.
Transverse veinlets with three to seven branches. Sori rather
large, on two to four of the branches, forming about two irregular
rows on each side of the midrib. Found in the close rocky gullies
of the Rockingham Bay Range, Daintree River, Port Denison, and
Cape York Peninsula.
A. Loddigessii, Kunge. Secondary pinne two to three inches
long lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid the segments all confluent atthe
base, more ovate than in A. Australis, three to four lines long, two
to two and a half lines broad, obtuse or almost acute, entire; trans-
verse veinlets entire or once forked. Sori rather small, one to four
on each side of the costule of each segment. Found at Cape
Byron, N. S. Wales.
A. Australis, R. Br. Trunk ten to thirty feet high, stout often
covered with the bases of the old fronds. Frond bi-tripinnate six
to twelve feet long, three to four feet broad, stipes, and whole frond
in a young state, densely clothed with linear-lanceolate and setaceous
pale colored scales, the stipes, main rhachis and sometimes the
secondary ones muricate. Secondary pinne three to five feet long ;
pinnules lanceolate or linear, the lower ones distinct and four to six
lines leng, the upper ones shorter and confluent, the soriferous part
entire or obscurely crenate, the barren one and the barren end of the
soriferous ones often serrulate. Transverse yveinlets usually once
forked when soriferous, often with three to four branches when
barren. Sori in two rows sometimes extending to the apex and as
many as eight on each side of the costule, often fewer extending
half way or reduced to very few at the base of the segment. In
this species is merged A. excelsa, R. Br. which certainly does not
differ enough to form a good variety. This handsome tree fern
is the most widely spread of all the Australian kinds, being
found throughout Southern Queensland, and. also in several
tropical parts. Common alsoin N. S. Wales, Victoria and
Tasmania.
A. Leichhardtiana, F.v.M. Prickly tree Fern. Trunk ten to
twenty feet high, slender hard and dark, very different in general
appearance from any others of the genus. Frond large spreading
the rhachis dark rough or mucronate-spinulose, sometimes slightly
tomentose, secondary pinne oblong acuminate, sessile, pinnatifid
at the apex the lower pinnules detached and serrate. Sori in very
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA, ~ 35
distinct series close to costula. Found most abundant in Queens-
land in the Maroochie scrubs, but also met with in many parts
of N. 5. Wales.
A. Robertsiana, F.v. M. Trunk six to eight feet high, not
thick. Fronds bi-pinnate, the rhachis both general and partial as
well as the pinnules and sori hispid or sprinkled with rigid hairs.
Secondary pinne two to three inches long. Pinnules distinct, four
to six lines long, deeply pinnatifid, the upper ones of each pinne
smaller more entire and confluent. Sori rather large, solitary
opposite each lobe of the pinnule. Found in the deep close
gullies of the Ranges, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Trisk VJ. Potypopiram.—Habit various. Spore-cases small,
with a longitudinal or scarcely oblique ring, usually bursting on one
side'in the shape of little helmets, numerous and stipitate in sori
or patches on the under side or rarely on the margins of the fronds,
with or without an indusium.
A Sori covered at least when young with an indusium.
XVII.—Dicxsonia, L’ Heritinr.
Trunk arborescent, or a creeping rhizome. Fronds large, com-
pound. Pinnules penniveined. Sori terminating veins close to
the margins of the frond. Indusium either globular and two-
valved or cup-shaped and entire, the upper valve or upper part of
the cup adnate to the frond, and continuous with the mar gin. Name
in honor of Mr. James Dickson, a Scotch botanist.
D. antarctica, Labill. Woolly-tree fern. Trunk or caudex
said to attain thirty to fifty feet in height with a diameter of
four feet at the base, always much’ stouter in the stem than the
other Australian ree ferns. Fronds six to twelve feet long, bi-
tripinnate,, the stipes and rhachis scabrous or smooth, covered with
soft hair in a young state. Secondary .pinne two to three inches
long. Pinnules or segments distinct or the upper ones confluent,
nearly flat and acutely toothed when barren, thicker and obtusely
lobed when fertile. Sori solitary on each lobe. Indusium globular,
about half line diameter two-valved, the upper valve adnate to the
lobe of the frond and undistinguishable from it except near the base
where there is on each side a narrow free margin. Only met with
in quite the sonthern parts ef Queensland, but generally through-
out N.S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, as also in a few parts of
South Australia,
D. Youngiz, C. Moore. Trunk ten to twelve feet high, marked
by scars showing the junction of the former fronds with the caudex.
Fronds more coriaceous and glossy than in D. antarctica. Stipes
clothed with rather long glossy brown hair ; rhachis ferruginous-
pubescent or glabrous, not scabrous. Secondary pinne two to three
inches long. Pinnules three to six lines long when fertile, deeply
divided into rounded lobes like those of the last species but lar ger.
Indusium one line diameter, the tipper valve entirely adnate.
36 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Found on the Bunya Mountains and Bellender Ker Range in
Queensland; at the Richmond River, Tweed River and New
England in N.S. Wales. I have not received any fertile specimens
of the tree-fern which Mr. W. Hill brought a short time ago from
Fraser’s Island, but from the sterile state of one of the plants in the
Botanic Gardens, Brisbane, it seems to connect D. Youngiz with
D. squarrosa, Sw. of New Zealand.
D. davallioides, R. Br. Rhizome long creeping. Stipes
chestnut brown, glossy slightly hairy. Frond membranous, flaccid,
somewhat hairy, decompound. Secondary pinne three to four
inches long. Pinnules numerous, distinct, half to one inch long,
pinnatifid, the lowest lobe on the upper side longer than the others.
Sori small, globular, almost marginal in the sinus or at the base of
the upper side of the lobes of the pinnules. Indusium cupular
(cup-shaped), about half line diameter, entire or scarcely lobed,
adnate on the upper side to the frond. This delicate and beautiful
fern grows in great profusion along the sides of many Queensland
Creeks, but seems more generally met with in N. 8. Wales, also at
Cape Otway, Victoria.
XVIIL—Derarta, Hoox: wt Guuv.
Rhizome creeping. Fronds large, compound. Sori globular,
terminating a vein, protruding from the margin of the frond and
sometimes stipitate beyond it. Indusium membranous, shortly and
broadly cup-shaped or two-valved. Name from depas, a cup, form
of involucre, or indusium.
D. prolifera, Hook. Fronds two to three feet long, pinnate.
Lower pinne six inches to one foot long, deeply pinnatifid ; segments
ovate or oblong, somewhat falcate, quarter to half-inch long, all
connected by a winged rhachis two to three lines broad, sori sessile
upon the margin of the frond. a as !
D. nephrodioides, Baker. Rhizome creeping. Fronds two to
three feet high, rather firm and shining, twice or thrice pinnate.
Secondary pinne two to three inches long, pinnate or deeply pin-
natifid; lower pinnules pinnatifid half to one inch long, upper ones
gradually smaller confluent and toothed only. Sori marginal and
prominent but sessile, globose. Indusium very shortly and broadly
divided into two valves, partly formed by a slight dilatation or obtuse
tooth of the frond. Saddle, between Mount Gower and Lidgebird,
Lord Howe’s Island, New South Wales.
_XITX.—Davatuia, Sm.
Rhizome creeping, often densely covered with soft scales or seta.
‘Fronds compound, often large, or rarely. in species not Australian
undivided. Sori globular or slightly elongated, terminating veins.
close under or at a little distance from the margin. Indusium from
under the sorus either with the marging adnate to the frond and
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 37
forming with it a complete cup enclosing the sorus,.or attached only
by its broad base, and either covering the sorus or short and opeh
under it. Name in honor of Edward Davall, a Swiss botanist.
D. solida, Swartz. Rhizome rather thick, densely clothed with
setose appressed scales. Fronds one to two feet long, rather broad,
bi-tripinnate or pinnatifid. Pinnules coriaceous, half to one and half
inches long, the lower larger ones distinct and deeply pinnatifid, the |
-upper ones confluent and obtusely lobed. Sori at the base of the
erenatures. or lobes. Indusium narrow, oblong, three-quarter, line
long, the margins adnate, forming with the frond a complete cup or
tube. The only Australian habitat noticed Hummocky Island,
Queensland.
D. elegans, Sw. Rhizome densely clothed with soft light colored
scales, creeping in the loose sandy soil around coast swamps. Fronds
~decompound, one to three feet high, the pinne often tapering into
long points. Pinnules lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, coriaceous,
smooth shining and elegantly marked with raised strie distinct from
the veins. Sori on small truncate or bi-dentate lobes or teeth.
Indusium ovate, about half-line long and broad, the margins adnate
and forming witli the tube a complete cup, which is of a silvery
whiteness. Found at various places along the Queensland tropical
coast.
D. pyxidata, Cav. Hare’s foot fern. Rhizome thick, densely
clothed with soft brown scales. Fronds one to two feet long éori-
aceous, deltoides-ovate, on a stipes about half as long, bi-tripinnate.
Pinnules smooth and shining, the lobes or segments mostly obtuse.
Sori on the lobes or teeth. Indusium ovate, sometimes broad, but
more frequently narrow and truncated at the mouth. This beautiful
fern is usually met with growing in the large masses formed by the
stag’s-horn and bird’s-nest ferns or in the cracks of trees or old
logs throughout Queensland and New South Wales. |
D. pedata, Sm. Rhizome long creeping, scaly, forming dense
masses on rocks, giving them the appearance of being covered with
ivy. From the dark green coriaceous fronds which are ovate-
triangular from two to four inches long, the stipes short or of equal
length, deeply pinnatifid, the lowest pair of segments usually again
pinnatifid and deeply so on the outer side, the others gradually smaller
and entire or scarcely crenate, obtuse or truncate. Sori at the base
of the crenatures at the end or upper half of the segments. In-
dusium nearly orbicular, about half line diameter, closely appressed
and covering the sorus but attached: only by the broad base, leaving
the margins free. Found covering rocks in wet gullies of tropical
Queensland.
D. dubia, R. Br. Mountain bracken. Rhizome horizontal stout,
Fronds large subcoriaceous, tri-pinnate, three to six feet high.
Pinnules half to one and half inches long, lanceolate, deeply
pinhatifid and the lowest segments often again toothed or lobed.
Sori at the base of the obtuse teeth or lobes which are often curved
over them as in Dicksonia, but quite independent of them. Indu-
38 THER FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
sium about quarter line broad and very short, thus scarcely discernible
when the sorus is ripe, attached only by the broad base, often hairy.
This fern is found abundant in Queensland, both north and south, |
growing on the sice of creeks and damp hills; it is also plentiful
in N. 8S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. In many good works on
ferns this species is spoken of as resembling Dicksonia davallioides,
but in Queensland where the two are found in company they differ
nearly as much in general appearance as the two Todeas T. barbara »
and T. hymenophylloides.
D. speluncee, Baker. Rhizome creeping. Fronds large, flaccid,
bi-tripinnate. Secondary pinnz lanceolate, two to four inches long,
pinnate in the lower part, pinnatifid towards the end, membranous,
hairy underneath as well as the rhachis. Lower pinnules half to
three-quarter inch long, pinnatifid, the upper ones gradually smaller
and confluent, reduced towards the end to small lobes. Sori
several on each pinnule below the sinus of the lobes, forming two
rows at same distance from the margin. Indusium broad short,
membranous, slightly toothed or jagged, attached only by the broad
base. Found in several parts of tropical Queensland.
D. tripinnata, F. v. M. This is said to be an elegant fern and
confined so far as at present known to the Bellender Ker Range,
Queensland. The following is the discription given in the Flora
Australiensis of a single frond eight inches long, six inches broad
at the base, stipes hairy six inches long, thrice pinnate, the main
rhachis hairy. Primary pinne lanceolate, secondary oblong half .to
one inch long, pinnules two to four lines, deeply divided into two to
four obovate obtuse lobes, dark green on both sides but rather thin,
the lower pinne and pinnules quite distinct, the upper oes smaller
and confluent at the base. Sori few in the specimen under the
sinus of some of the smaller lobes. Indusium membranous, broad
and somewhat jagged, attached only by the broad base.
XX.—Virraria, Sm.
Rhizome creeping. Fronds simple, linear, the veins oblique
connected by an intramarginal veins, Sori continuous lying in a
groove at or near the margin, the substance of the frond forming
a two-valved indusium. Name derived from vitta, a ribbon,
referring to the drooping fronds. |
V. elongata, Swartz. Grass-leaved fern. | Rhizome shortly |
creeping covered with dark colored: hair-like scales. Frond varying
in length from a few inches to several feet, and with a breadth of
from one to five lines, acute, or obtuse at the end, gradually tapering
into a short dark colored stipes of a rather coriaceous texture.
Veins very oblique, sometimes almost parallel with the costa. Sori
usually extending nearly the whole length of the frond. This
curious grass-like fern may be frequently seen fringing the stems of
the tree in the scrubs of tropical Queensland, in which situation the
fronds are usually very long. At Maroochie,a place about eighty miles
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 39
from Buisbane, it is also plentiful on the trunks of trees but here
the fronds are much shorter. It has also been met with in N. 8.
Wales at the Richmond and Macleay River scrubs. |
XXI—Liyps#a, Dryanper.
Rhizome creeping or shortly horizontal. Fronds pinnate or
compound undivided in some species (not Australian). Sori in a
continuous or interrupted line under the margin of the frond, with
a continuous indusium opening along the upper or outer margin,
the margin of the frond sometimes slightly dilated and assuming
the appearance of an upper valve. Veins forked, free or anasto-
mosing. Named in honor of Mr. John Lindsay, author of
Observations on the Germination of Ferns.
L. linearis, Sw. Rhizome creeping, scales brittle. Fronds
pinnate, very fragile, linear, stipes and rhachis usually glossy black
from a few inches to over one foot high. Pinne sessile flabellate,.
obliquely cuneate or almost dimidiate three to four lines broad.
Sori forming a continuous line under the outer margin. Queens-
land habitat Moreton Bay, Eight-mile Plains, common in crevices
of rocks, Stanthorpe. N.S. Wales, Port Jackson, Blue Mountains,
New England and Hastings River. In Victoria this plant is said
to be plentiful in the dry forests of the Western districts, also in
Gippsland, Abundant in heathy placesin Tasmania. Onkaparinga
River, South Australia, and is one of the few ferns found in
Western Australia.
L. dimorpha, Bail. Queensland Ferns. Rhizome a tufted knot,
densely clothed with bright glossy golden scales. Fronds usually
numerous in a close tuft, pinnate, sterile ones two to three inches
high, with broad flabellate pinne lobed with short. obtuse lobes.
Fertile fronds much longer, the stipes and rhachis slender and pale
colored, pinne broad and short divided to the base bipartite, reflexed,
the broad tops touching each other giving a lunate appearance to the
pinna. Sori broad lobed. Queensland, Hight-mile Plains, Kedron
Brook, and near the top of one of the Glasshouse Mountains.
L. cultrata, Sw. Rhizome tufted or very shortly creeping.
Fronds pinnate three to six inches long, tufted stipes and rhachis
slender pale colored. Pinne near together in the upper part of the:
frond the lowest pair often distant, very oblique or half-reniform,
three to four lines broad, the rounded outer margin entire, with the
sorus and indusium continuous or slightly lobed or denticulate
interrupting the sori. Common on damp rocks in Northerr
Queensland, also found on the rocks about Maroochie.
L. flabellulata, Dryand. Rhizome creeping. Fronds six to
twelve inches high, usually bipinnate two or more of the lower
pinne being again pinnate and two to four inches long, the upper
pinne entire, but sometimes the whole frond simply pinnate or in
other specimens more or less tripinnate. Pinnules oblique in the
simply pinnate part flabellate or almost rhomboid often half inch
40). THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
broad, smaller in the more compound specimens. Veins forked, free
or very rarely here and there anastomosing. Sori continuous round
the margin or interrupted. On rocks of most of the ranges of
Northern Queensland.
L. lobata, Poir. Rhizome creeping. Fronds six to twelve
inches high, simply pinnate or bipinnate with few pinnate pinne at
the base, ‘nach resembling the less-branched forms of L. flabellulata
but the fertile pinne often more than half inch broad, and the
veinlets frequently anastomosing. Northern Queensland damp
rocks.
L. trichomanoides, Dryand. Rhizome closely knotted, or very
shortly creeping. Fronds rather rigid six to twelve inches high,
bipinnate. Primary pinne almost opposite, usually half inch long,
pinnules obovate or oblong-cuneate, equilateral, two to three lines
long, the upper ones confluent, all rounded and entire at the end
with a continuous sorus, or notched with an interrupted sorus and
indusium. Veinlets forked, not anastomosing. Found near Mac-
quarrie Harbour, Tasmania, and perhaps at a few places in N.S.
Wales, but uncertain.
L. microphylla, Sw. Rhizome closely tentited or shortly creeping
and densely clothed with glossy brown scales. Fronds six to
eighteen inches high, bi-tripinnate, elongated or oblong-lanceolate
in outline, stipites hairy at the base, rhachis flexuose. Primary
pinne distant, barren pinnules varying from ovate to lanceolate,
toothed or lobed; fertile ones obovate, cuneate or flabellate, equi-
lateral, one to two or more lines broad, undivided with a continuous
sorus, or notched or lobed with the sori interrupted. In Queensland
near Brisbane, common along Stony Creek, also on hill-sides under
a good shade. Also Port Jackson, Clarence River and New Eng-
land, N. 8S. Wales.
L. incisa, Prentice. Rhizome long creeping, of a bright golden
color, sparsely clothed with hair-like white scales, often forked, fronds
from its whole length, often close four or six to the inch. Fronds
from a few inches to two feet long, pinnate, pinne occupying nearly
the whole length of frond, stipes and rhachis, tetragonous. Pinne
entire flabelliform, bi-trifid or divided into three or more bifid
cuneate pinnules. Sori large, with a deep, entire or notched indusium.
Queensland: usually found on damp sandy soil under the shade of
small trees, Hight-mile Plains, Brisbane River, &c.
L. Fraseri, Hook. Rhizome long creeping wiry. Fronds pinnate
six to eighteen inches high, stipites short. Pinne membranous,
distant; from ovate to lanceolate, equilateral, obtuse, truncate or
cordate at the base and shortly petiolate, quarter to one inch long,
the upper ones smaller and somewhat rhomboidal, the barren ones
often denticulate, the veinlets frequently anastomosing. Sori
marginal continuous or slightly interrupted. Common in swamps
at the Glasshouse Mountains, Moreton Bay, Hight-mile Plains
and other parts of Southern Queensland.
L. ensifolia, Sw. Rhizome creeping. Fronds simply pinnate
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 4]
and six to eighteen inches high in some forms, while others are
variously divided, bi-pinnate or haying elongated pinnatifid pinnz
with numerous small segments. _Pinne or pinnules exceedingly
variable in number and shape, ovate obovate, linear or lanceolate,
one to three inches long, barren ones often serrulate, the frond
often ending in a long ensiform lobe. Veins more or less anasto-
mosing. Sori continuous along the whole margin except the short
equally cuneate base. All the various forms. may be found on the
same rhizome so it is impossible to make marked varieties. And
perhaps it would be advisable to include L. Fraseri as a variety of
this species, as the lower pinne of that species are frequently deeply
lobed. Common along the borders of swamps throughout North
Australia and the whole of Queensland.
L.lanuginosa, Wall. Rhizome stout creeping, epiphytical.
Frond one to four feet long, pinnate with the rhachis densely woolly
tomentose, the old fronds becoming glabrous. Pinnx numerous,
coriaceous, more or less falcate, obtuse or acute, very deciduous.
Veins simple or forked, diverging from the costule all free, a white
dot on the upper side marking where they terminate just within the
margin. Sori continuous along the margins except the obliquely
truncate base. Found forming immense masses on the trees of
North Queensland scrubs. Although a most beautiful fern seldom
seen in cultivation.
XXII.—Apiantum, Linn. Marpey-Harrn Ferry.
Rhizome creeping or tufted. Frond simple or compound. Pin-
nules more or less petiolate, often oblique. Veins forked or
dichotomous radiating from the petiolule to the margin without any |
mid-rib. Sori marginal, short and distinct or partly elongated and
confluent. JIndusium continuous with the margin and recurved
bearing the spore-cases on its under surface. Name derived from
the Greek Adiantos, in allusion to the dry texture of their fronds
or perhaps on account of their possessing in a remarkable degree
the property of repelling water.
A.lunulatum, Burm. Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, pinnate,
six to twelve inches long, the rhachis extended beyond the pinne
and .proliferous. Pinne articulated on slender petiolules of one to
four lines, obliquely fan-shaped, half to one inch or more broad.
Sori elongated, sometimes continuous along the whole outer margin,
but often more or less interrupted. Port Darwin in North Australia,
and Rockingham Bay in Queensland.
A. capillus-veneris, Linn. Maiden-hair of England. Rhizome
creeping. Fronds bi-pinnate, broadly ovate in outline, six to twelve
inches long and sometimes nearly as broad, the rhachis capillare.
Pinnules on short petiolules, broadly obovate or obliquely flabelli-
form, four to eight lines broad, more or Jess divided into cuneate,
obtuse or truncate lobes, thin, of a bright green. Sori at the end
G
42 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
of most of the lobes and usually occupying their whole breadth.
Said to have been collected on the wet rocks near Rockhampton.
A. sethiopicum, Linn. Small Maiden-hair fern. Rhizome
tufted or stoloniferous. Fronds from a few inches to one and half
feet high, and sometimes very broad, two to four pinnate, the
rhachis slender shining, often flexuose. Pinnules on short often
capillare petiolules, mostly obovate-orbicular with a more or less
cuneate equal base, three to five lines broad, thin and bright green,
broadly crenate or shortly lobed. Sori distinct in the sinus of the
crenatures, the reflexed indusium reniform or at length transversely
oblong. Common throughout Australia reaching into the interior
and also in Tasmania.
A. formosum, R. Br. Tall scrub Maiden-hair fern. Rhizome
creeping, scaly, often deep in the soil. Fronds one to four feet
high, broadly spreading two to four pinnate, the stipes often scabrous
usually black with numerous pinne, the primary and secondary
ones always simply pinnate at the end, the main rhachis usually
flexuose, slender and black. Pinnules membranous or scarcely
coriaceous, shortly petiolulate, obliquely obovate or rhomboidal,
usually three to four lines long, the entire sides very unequal, the
upper margin when barren crenate. Sori on or between the teeth.
Indusium somewhat reniform. Very abundant throughout Queens-
land in dense scrubs, also plentiful in N. S Wales and Tasmania.
A. affine, Willd. Rhizome long, creeping over rocks and otten
exposed. Fronds very spreading, sparsely divided on tall black
stipites one to two feet high, bi-tripinnate. Pinnule nearly sessile,
very obliquely ovate or oblong-rhomboidal four to eight lines broad,
the under surface often of a light color, outer margins dentate.
Sori marginal, scarcely indented. Indusium broadly reniform. —
Found creeping over the rocks in the water courses at Maroochie in
Queensland; also at Port Jackson, Blue Mountains and Richmond
and Macleay rivers, N.S. Wales. Var. intermedium is a form in
which the indusium differs somewhat, resembling more that of A.
formosum and has been collected both in Queensland and N. 8.
Wales.
A. diaphanum, Blume. Rhizome tufted. Fronds six to twelve
inches high, stipes slender the two to five upper pinne three to six
inches long, the lower ones sometimes with one or two secondary
ones at the base. Pinnules numerous, very shortly stalked,
obliquely ovate-rhomboidal very unequal at the base, thinly mem-
branous, three to six lines broad, the outer margin dentate. Sori
in the sinus of the teeth. Indusium deeply reniform. Queensland,
Rockingham Bay, Daintree River in the north, and at or near the
southern border, also Richmond River in N. 8. Wales.
A. hispidulum, Sw. Rough stalked Maiden-hair fern. Rhizome
tufted. Fronds once or twice forked dt the base, each branch
ending i a long faleate pinne or pinnately divided at the base
or higher up into secondary pinne. Pinnules very numerous, on
short petiolules, obliquely ovate-rhomboid, three to eight lines long
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 43
or broad, rather rigid, prominently veined, the under surface as well
as the rhachis usually hispid ; the young fronds usually of a
purplish color. Sori usually almost contiguous though not confluent.
Indusia much recurved, orbicular slightly reniform. Common
throughout Queensland and N. 8. Wales, also Genoa River,
Victoria.
XXIIL.—Hyrousris, Bernu.
Rhizome creeping. Fronds compound, usually large, the pinnules
penniveined. Sori marginal, short in the sinus of the teeth of the
pinnules. Indusium a small scale continuous with the margin,
recurved over the sorus, the spore-cases attached at its base. Name
from hypo, beneath, and lepis a scale, referring to position of sorus.
H. tenuifolia, Bernh. Rhizome long, clothed with dense white
hairs. Fronds four to seven feet high including the long hairy,
stout stipes, and often two feet broad, tri-quadripinnate ; primary
pinne or branches spreading ; secondary and tertiary narrow, linear
or oblong one and a half to two inches long, deeply pinnatifid.
Lobes linear-oblong, blunt, bluntly crenate. Sori few or several to
each segment in the sinus of the teeth, the reflexed scale-like
indusium at first often covering the sorus but in an advanced stage
almost concealed under the sorus or quite withered away. The
plant usually covered with glandular hairs. Found on the borders
of scrubs throughout Queensland and N. 8. Wales. I have a
portion of a frond from Gippsland which seems rather to belong to
this plant than Polypodium punctatum with which it is sometimes
confused. ;
XXIV.—CHEILANTHES, Sw.
Rhizome tufted or creeping. Fronds usually small, twice or
thrice pinnate with small lobed segments. Sori globular and
distinct at the end of the veinlets or oblong by the confluence of
two or more, all marginal, the slightly altered teeth or lobes bent
over them and forming an indusium with the spore-cases inserted at
their base as in Pteris. Veinlets forked from a central nerve.
Name from cheilos, a lip, and anthos a flower; from the form of —
the indusium. )
C. tenuifolia, Sw. Curly fern. Rhizome knotty or shortly
horizontal. Fronds cespitose from a few inches to over one foot
high, broadly ovate triangular in outline, the stipes and main
rhachis red-brown glabrous or with a few hairs. Primary pinne
nearly opposite in distant pairs, often a few inches long and broad,
elegantly pinnate a second or a third time, the tertiary pinnules
deeply pinnatifid, the ultimate segments in all cases ovate or oblong
obtuse one to four lines long. Sori numerous round the margins,
nearly contiguous, with the small rounded teeth or lobes bent over
them. Widely distributed over the Australian Colonies and Tas-
mania.
44 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Var. Sieberi. Rhizome short, almost erect. Fronds tufted,
erect, oblong in outline, from a few inches to one and a half feet
high, and one to three inches broad, sori punctiform often very
dark. The most common form in southern Queensland.
Var. nudiuscula. Rhizome short. Fronds tufted near the form
of V. Sieberi, but of a more coriaceous texture and densely pubescent.
Sori broader and more of a brown color. Found usually on the
borders of creeks in tropical Queensland.
C. caudata, R. Br. Supposed to be only another variety of C.
tenuifolia, but little known at present. Frond six to eight inches
long, slender, bipinnate at least at the base, the pinne not
numerous, all, whether primary or secondary, ending in a narrow-
linear pinnule, usually at least half an inch long, continuous or in-
terrupted at the base, and soriferous throughout, the few segments
at the base of the pinne shortly linear. Endeavour River, Port
Bowen and Gilbert River, Queensland.
XXV.—Preris, Linnavs.
Rhizome creeping, or short thick and erect, or horizontal. Fronds
usually large and compound rarely small or simple. Veins simple
foyked or anastomosing, with or without a midrib. Sori linear,
continuous or slightly interrupted along the margin of the segment
with a continuous narrow membranous indusium proceeding from
the margin and opening along the inner or lower edge. Spore-
cases inserted on the frond under the indusium. Name derived
from the Greek pteryx, a wing, or pteron, a feather, alluding to the
graceful feather like fronds of some species.
P. geraniifolia, Raddi. Rhizome tufted. Fronds broadly
rounded cordate in outline, two to four inches long and broad
coriaceous, tripartite, the lateral divisions divaricate, all deeply
pinnatifid, the lower segments again pinnatifid, the upper ones short _
and entire; lobes all obtusely lanceolate or ovate, stipes and
principal veins black, the latter forked but mostly concealed in the
substance of the frond. Sori continuous on the lobes. Met with
in various parts of tropical Queensland, also in the swamps off the
Brisbane River ; and New England, N. 8. Wales.
P: paradoxa, Baker. Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds six
to eighteen inches high, pinnate, stipes dark clothed with appressed
narrow scales. Pinnz often on young plants of this and the next
species only one and that more or less .cordate. On the larger
fronds five to eleven or more, shortly petiolulate, ovate lanceolate,
one and a half to three inches long, the terminal one often lobed,
coriaceous, dull green above, often glaucous beneath. Veins free
dichotomous, oblique from the midrib but mostly concealed in the
substance of the frond. Sori very broad continuous all round the
pinne. Indusium not so thin as in some species, soon concealed
under the sori. Common in south Queensland scrubs, and a few
of the more northern. Also in New England, Port Jackson,
Richmond and Tweed River scrubs, N. S. Wales.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 4}
P. falcata, R. Br. Har fern. Rhizome creeping. Fronds six
inches to two fect long, pinnate, the stipes and rhachis densely
scaly-hirsute, Pinne numerous, distant, nearly sessile, lanceolate,
usually faleate, one to two inches long, rather obtuse, cariaceous
with the venation concealed, the lower ones at times auriculate at
the base on the upper side, and usually at a much greater distance
apart. Sori very broad, occupying nearly half the width of pinna,
continuous all round except near the apex, and the truncate base.
Found in parts of New South Wales, near Melbourne, at the
Grampians, and near Sale, Gippsland, and Tasmania.
Var.nana. Rhizome very short. Fronds tufted, pinne much
closer almost overlapping, much smaller and more acute than in the
species, often over eighty on a frond of eighteen inches long. This
is the form mostly met with in Queensland, and common in every
scrub, on rocks, logs, &c.
Var. rotundifolia. This has the same habit as the species
differing only in form of pinne which is more orbicular. It is said
to have been gathered on Monnt Dryander, and Mount Lindsey,
in Queensland. I cannot find any character by which to separate
this last form, the Pellea rotundifolia of Hooker's species Filicum
from P. falcata, and think also it would have been better to have
followed Baron Mueller and have included as another form P.
paradoxa.
P. longifolia, Linn. Rhizome short and thick. Fronds one to
three feet high, pinnate, lanceolate in outline, stipes hairy-scaly at
the base. Pinne numerous, nearly sessile, linear or linear-lancolate,
three to six inches long; veins simple or forked, transverse from the
costule. Sori continuous along the whole margin except the small
rounded, cordate, or truncate base. Found in Queensland near
Brisbane, also on the main range, and a few places in the tropics ;
in N. S. Wales, Blue Mountains, New England, &c., and in
Gippsland, Victoria.
P. ensiformis, Burm. Rhizome short, scaly. Fronds nine to
eighteen inches high, pinnate, stipes long, glabrous. Pinna when
fertile narrow linear, entire, lobed or again pinnate at the base.
terminal lobe the longest, often over four inches long, the lateral
ones often shortly decurrent; lobes of the barren fronds sometimes
ovate and denticulate ; veins forked, transverse from the costule.
Sori continuous round the fertile lobes. Queensland, Herbert River,
Endeavour River, Cape York Peninsula, Port Denison, A pretty
little fern of easy culture. :
P. umbrosa, R. Br. Rhizome short, knotted somewhat erect.
Fronds one to three feet high, pinnate, the stipes often slightly
rough. Pinne thirteen or more linear-lanceolate, four to nine
inches long, entire or the lower ones again divided into three to
five similar segments, all rore or less decurrent: on the rhachis,
usually broader and minutely serrulate when barren, and the barren
ends of fertile ones often deeply serrate; ‘veinlets transverse,
mostly forked. Sori continuous down the decurrent base. Taylor’s
46 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Range and various parts of Main Range, Queensland; also in
numerous places in N. §. Wales, and at the Genoa, Victoria. |
P. quadriaurita, Retz. Rhizome short erect. Fronds pinnate,
one to three feet high. Pinne mostly opposite, four to eight inches
long, regularly and deeply pinnatifid, otherwise undivided, or the
lower ones with one or two similar secondary pinne on the lower
side. Pinnules or segments numerous, broadly linear, often falcate,
obtuse, four to eight lines long, confluent at the base, the pinnae
usually ending in a long linear-lanceolate point lobed at the base.
Sori often not reaching the base of the segment. Common on the
ranges of tropical Queensland.
P. tremula, R. Br. Rhizome short, thick, erect. Fronds two
to six feet high, erect, glabrous, twice or four times pinnate, usually
of a delicate texture, pinne nearly opposite. Stipites and rhachis
often of a rich chestnut brown. Ultimate segments linear, rather firm
when in fruit, quarter to one inch long, slightly decurrent, mem-
branous flat and serrulate when barren; veins mostly forked and
transverse. Sori usually continuous but scarcely reaching the base
of the segments and sometimes interrupted, at length expanded so
as to conceal the indusium. Found on the borders of scrubs in
many parts of Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
P.aquilina, Linn. ‘The common bracken var. esculenta is the
form found in Australia. Rhizonte long thick and creeping, often
some distance beneath the surface. Fronds rather tall or short,
according to quality of soil, mostly tri-pinnate. Primary pinnz
distant, the lowest pair much larger and more compound than the
rest, which gradually decrease to the apex of frond, thus giving it
a somewhat triangular outline, at times four feet broad. Secondary
or tertiary pinne numerous, lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate,
always ending in a linear undivided obtuse segment, the lateral
segments oblong or linear, scarcely widened at the base, but de-
current on the rhachis, the costule usually raised, dilated and
hardened with acute ciliate edges and the under surface usually
hairy between the costule and the sori. Sori continuous along the
margin, the rather broad indusium really marginal, but the frond
thickened and often minutely crenulate at the base of the indusium
make it appear intramarginal. Common and abundant in all the
colonies. —
P.incisa, Thunb. Bat’s-wing fern. Rhizome long creeping.
Frond one to six feet high, on stout stipites which near the base
are often muricated, of a rich brown, often glaucous, bi-tripinnate.
Pinnules of the barren fronds usually deeply pinnatifid, one to two
inches long, with broad obtuse membranous lobes, the veins proceed-
ing from the mid-rib of the pinnule, repeatedly forked in each
lobe, the branches here and there anastomosing or all free.. {n the
fertile frond the secondary pinne often pinnate at the base, pinnatifid
in the upper part, the lower pinnules or segments with a distinct
mid-rib and variously branched veins, the upper lobes less regularly
veined. Sori continuous or interrupted, often neither reaching the
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 47
base nor the apex of the segment. Frequently met with on _hill-
sides or ranges of Southern Queensland, banks of Brisbane River,
&c.; also in similar places in N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania;
rare in South Australia.
P. marginata, Bory. Rhizome very thick, short and erect.
Fronds having very stout stipites several feet in height, the main
rhachis branched, usually tri-partite, each branch pinnate. Pinne
numerous, three to ten inches long, deeply pinnatifid; segments
oblong or broadly linear, often falcate, obtuse, quarter to one inch
long, confluent into a winged rhachis two to three lines broad;
veins copiously anastomosing on each side of the mid-rib. Sori
often continued round the sinus, but rarely reaching the ends of the
lobes. Barren fronds thinner, the lobes often minutely dentate.
One of the handsomest of all the Queensland ferns, generally met
with im the tropical scrubs.
P. comans, Forst. This fern is said to be near P. marginata
but more branched. Secondar y pinnee four to ten inches long, deeply
pinnatifid ; segments numerous, half to two inches long, oblong-
lanceolate or linear, often faleate, decurrent along the rhachis which
is not, however, uniformly winged as in P. marginata ; some of the
lower segments sometimes again shortly pinnatifid; veins copiously
reticulate. Sori usually continued round the sinus, but rarely to
the tips of the lobes. Barren segments or barren tips of the fertile
ones usually dentate. South Queensland, N.S. Wales, Victoria
and Tasmania.
XXIV.—Lomaria, Witt.
Rhizome creeping, or in some caudiciform. Fronds pinnate,
pinnatifid or entire; the first of each year’s growth usually barren,
the inner fertile ones with linear pinnules, sometimes a few sterile
abbreviated pinne or lobes at the base of fertile frond. Sori in a
continuous line on each side of the costule, between it and the
margin, and opening on the inner side next the costule, the sori at
length covering almost the whole of the under surface. Veins of
the barren pinnules transverse or oblique on the costule, mostly
forked. Name from loma, a fringe, in allusion to the scarious in-
dusium.
L. Patersoni, Spreng. Rhizome short, thick, ascending.
Fronds variable, from a few inches to two feet high, stipes short
scaly, entire or pinnatifid with few or several linear segments three
to six inches long, more or less decurrent on the rachis and stipes,
those of the barren frond half to one inch broad, the veins trans-
verse; segments of the fertile fronds as long but only one to two
lines broad, the sori at length covering the whole under surface.
Like others of this genus the lower portions of the fertile frond,
or at times one side, sterile. Common in the dense scrubs of
tropical Qneensland, also at Maroochie, and again in several loca-
lities in Southern Queensland ; plentiful also in N. S. Wales, Vic-
toria and Tasmania.
48 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
L. vulcanica, Blume. Rhizome thick, or shortly creeping,
clothed with shining black hair-like scales. Fronds under one
foot high, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid with numerous segments ;
those of the barren fronds lanceolate, falcate, contluent by their
broad base, the lower ones, one to two inches long, three to six
lines broad, the lowest pair scarcely smaller and sometimes re-
flexed, the upper segments gradually diminished to short lobes.
Segments of the fertile fronds nearly as long, under two lines
broad except the dilated adnate base. Tasmania. The barren
fronds collected by N. Taylor on Cape York Peninsula, in
Queensland, and by Miss Campbell, in Gippsland, Victoria, being
insufficient until fertile fronds are met with to determine.
L. discolor, Willd. Rhizome caudiciform or trunk-like, erect,
sometimes over a foot high. Fronds numerous, one to two feet
long, pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the rhachis and stipes glabrous
and shining black, with scales only at the base of the Stipes, lanceo-
late in outline. Pinnules of sterile frond one and a half to three
inches long, broadly linear or narrow-lanceolate, mostly connected
by their dilated base, the lower ones gradually smaller and more
distinct, veins not very conspicuous. Pinnules of the fertile fronds
very numerous, one to three inches long, one and half to three lines
broad. This beautiful fern is rare in Queensland, at present only
having been met with at Maroochie and Rockingham Bay; more
general in N. S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. In South Aus-
tralia it is found in gullies of Mount Lofty Ranges.
L. lanceolata, Spreng. Rhizome also rising into a short trunk.
Frond six inches to above one foot long, deeply pinnatifid or
pinnate, the rhachis glabrous, of a pale color; segments of the
sterile fronds oblong or lanceolate, dilated at the base, contiguous
and often confluent, the longer ones three-quarters to near two inches
long and four to six lines broad, the lower one gradually smaller,
the lowest very short and broad, texture thinner than in L. discolor.
Segment of the fertile fronds about one inch long and one and a half
line broad. Found in Gippsland and a few other parts of Victoria,
and many parts of Tasmania, especially in subalpine forest ; and at
Mount Gambier in South Australia.
L. attenuata, Willd. Rhizome thick, creeping, densely clothed
with long, almost hair-like brown scales. Fronds one to one and a
half feet long, deeply pinnatifid almost pinnate from near the base.
Segments of the barren ones lanceolate-falcate, one to two inches
long in the centre of the frond, the lower ones gradually smaller,
the lowest ones very short and broad, all attached by their broad base
and mostly confluent, the rhachis glabrous or slightly scaly. Veins
oblique from the costule, once forked. Segments of the fertile
fronds very narrow linear, two to four inches long. Australian
habitat Lord Howe’s Island, where it seems usually found on the
stems of tree ferns. e
L. alpina, Spreng. Rhizome creeping scaly. Fronds deeply
pinnatifid or pinnate, three to eight inches long, the rhachis and
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 49
slender stipes glabrous. Pinnules or segments of the barren fronds
oblong, obtuse, attached by their broad base, the larger ones scarcely
half-inch long, quarter-inch broad and usually distinct, the upper
ones smaller and confluent, the lower gradually smaller, short, broad,
and at times distant. Fertile fronds often much longer than the
' barren ones, the segments two to five lines long, one to one and
a half lines broad. Found in the mountainous parts of Victoria and ©
Tasmania and probably N. 8. ‘Wales.
L. fluviatilis, Spreng. Rhizome short, thick, scaly. Fronds
six inches to over one foot long, pinnate. Pinne or segments of
barren fronds obleng, rounded at the end, attached by their broad
base, the upper ones, half to one inch long, three to four. lines broad,
all distinct, the rhachis more or less scaly. Segments of fertile
fronds six to eight lines long, one to one and a half lines broad.
Found in the deep shady valleys of Gippsland, Victoria, and
Tasmania.
L. Fullageri, F. v. Muell. Rinne caudiciform one to two
. feet high, thickened by the bases of old stipites to three or more
inches. Fronds mostly about one foot long, pinnate. Pinne of
the sterile ones oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, obtusely auriculate at the
base on each side, the large ones, one and a half to two inches long,
and half an inch broad, the upper ones shorter and confluent, the
lower smaller distant and more auriculate, all attached by their
broad base, the margins and forked veinlets ciliate, the rhachis
densely ferruginous, hispid. Pinne of fertile fronds one to two
inches long, scarcely one line broad. Only so far as at present
known found on Lord Howe’s Island, N. S. Wales.
L. capensis, Willd. Pickled Cabbage fern. Rhizome thick,
‘short, and scaly, but in many of the Queensland swamps forming a
caudex of several feet in height. Fronds pinnate, the pinne of the
sterile ones broadly lanceolate, very oblique at the base and attached
only by the midrib, the lowest pair not much smaller or very rarely
one small pair lower down, otherwise very variable, fronds
from one to four feet long, bearing numerous pinne from three to
six inches long, one inch broad, or the whole frond not over a foot
long and much smaller pinne. Rhachis scaly or glabrous. | Fertile
fronds equally variable with the sterile, bearing pinne of from one
to six inches long, often one half of the frond only fertile. CQueens-
land swamps, north and south, and wet places of all the other
colonies and Tasmania.
L. euphlebia, Kunze. Rhizome thick and woody, slightly scaly,
ascending to one or more feet. Fronds pinnate, often about two
feet long. Pinne distant, lanceclate, three to eight inches long,
half to three-quarter inch broad, contracted at the base and some-
times tapering to a short petiolule, the uppermost one rarely sessile
or slighly decurrent, the lowest not much smaller, the rhachis glabrous.
Pinne of the fertile fronds narrow-linear, three to six inches long.
The only Australian habitat, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
H
50 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
XXVII.—Buiecunum, Linn.
Rhizome short and thick, or slightly elongated, and horizontal or
erect. Fronds pinnate, deeply pinnatifid, or in some species (not
Australian) bi-pinnate or even simple. Pinne or segments narrow.
Sori in a continuous line on each side of the costule, with a mem-
branous indusium opening from under the costule outwards, the two
sori often at length confluent, concealing the costule (mid-rib),
Name from blechnon, the Greek name of a fern.
B. cartilagineum, Sw. Rhizome short thick, ascending, woody,
more or less clothed with shining black scales. Fronds one to two
feet long, the stipes usually scabrous. Segments numerous, three
to six inches long, almost coriaceous, serrulate. distinctly veined,
dilated and adnate at the base, the upper ones smaller and confluent,
the lower ones sometimes distinct. Found along creek-sides and
borders of scrubs in southern Queensland and N.S. Wales; also
several parts of Gippsland, Victoria.
Var. tropica. Rhizome elongated, ascending or erect, to one
foot high, and two or three inches thick, by the persistent bases of
old stipites. Frond as in the species, only larger. A very distinct
form found on the damp hill-sides Ranges, Rockingham Bay and
Trinity Bay. I took this to be identical with Presl’s B. nitidum
from which Mr. Bentham says (Flora Austr. Vol. VI, 739) it differs.
- B.levigatum, Cav. Rhizome thick and horizontal, very scaly.
Fronds one to two feet long. Pinne all distinct, obliquely truncate
at the base, attached by the costule only, in some fronds all barren,
one and half to six inches long, half to one inch broad, entire or
serrulate ; in other fronds all fertile, two to five inches long, two
lines broad, the sori occupying almost the whole under surface; in
other fronds again four to six inches long, four to six lines broad,
with the sori next the costule as in B. cartilagineum, but not
adnate to the rhachis. Found so far as known only at Port
Jackson and the Blue Mountains in N. S. Wales.
B serrulatum, Rich. Rhizome thick, creeping. Fronds one
to four feet long. Pinne distinct, linear or lanceolate, mostly two
to four inches long and three or four lines broad, obliquely truncate
at the base but attached by the mid-rib only serrulate, smooth and
shining, the veins oblique, very numerous and fine, mostly forked.
Sori close to the mid-rib, indusium soon concealed under them. A
fern frequently met with in swamps from Port Jackson to Port
Darwin.
B. orientalis, Linn. Rhizome erect, stout at the extremity, and
as well as the stipites, covered with scales. Fronds three to six
feet long, pinnate. Pinne distinct, six inches to near one foot long,
half to one inch broad near the base, tapering to a long’ narrow
point, somewhat cuneate at the base, and attached by the mid-rib
only, except near the apex of the frond where they are adnate and
decurrent on the rhachis, the lower pinne are also much abbreviated,
margins entire, Veins simple, rarely forked, very close, parallel,
horizontal. Sori close to mid-rib, sometimes covering it, indusium
id
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 51
firm rigid, of a dark color when old. Adelaide River, North
Australia; and Rockingham Bay, Daintree River, Herbert River,
and Islands off the coast, Queensland.
XXVIII.—Monogramms. ScuKune.
Rhizome slender, creeping. Fronds simple, narrow, veinless,
except the costa. Sori in a continuous line inthe upper part of the
frond, in a groove opening along the costa, the margins of the
groove forming an indusium along one or both sides of the sorus.
Name from the Greek, alluding to the single line of sori.
M. Junghuhnii, Hook. Var.tenella. Rhizome almost filiform,
intricately matted, covered with fine hair-like scales. Fronds
slender, grass-like, two to six inches high, entire, scarcely half-line
broad, flat with a prominent costa in the barren part, the upper
fertile half rather broader. Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
XXIX.—Doopnia. R. Br.
Rhizome ascending. Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid. Sori oblong
or shortly linear, on tranverse veinlets connecting the forked veins
proceeding from the mid-rib, in one or two rows parallel to the
mid-rib, on each side, with an indusium of the same shape, pro-
ceeding from the veinlet and opening on the inner side. Ferns all
more or less scabrous. Named in honor of 8. Doody, an old author
on English Cryptogamic Botany.
D. aspera, R. Br. Prickly fern. Rhizome short, decumbent
or ascending black, clothed with shiny black lanceolate scales, which
become more dense on the short black bases of the stipites. Fronds
erect, rigid, from twelve to over eighteen inches high, the stipes,
rhachis and costules muricate or scabrous. Pinnules or segments
numerous, all attached by their broad or dilated base, rigidly
serrulate, those in the centre of the frond lanceolate-falcate, (in
Queensland specimens often over three inches long) about two inches
long, the upper ones shorter and more confluent, gradually reduced
to the lanceolate point of the frond, (in the Queensland more
abruptly ending in a longer segment) the lower segments more
distinct, gradually shorter, the lowest reduced to small wing-like
appendages to the rhachis. Sori ovate or almost rounded, usually
in a single row on each side of the segments at a little distance
from the costule, but in the Queensland larger specimens usually in
two rows on each side, and the indusium more lunulate and persis-
tent. A common creek-side or scrub fern in Queensland and N. 8.
Wales, also in several parts of Gippsland, Victoria.
Var. blechnoides, abbreviated pinne or segments at base of
frond more distant, and sometimes only attached by the midrib.
Sori usually smaller and very near the costule in a single row on
each side, rarely a few small ones outside the row. So far as known
this form is confined to N. 8. Wales.
Var. heterophylla. ‘Stipites tufted, slender, fronds one to one
52 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
and a half feet long, quarter to two inches broad, slightly scabrous,
rhachis with a narrow wing, segments very narrow ending in an
elongated segment at the apex of from five to six inches long, the
abbreviated ones at the base often only forming slight lobes to the
wing of rhachis. Fronds not unfrequently forked. Sori close,
often confluent, the wing to rhachis also often fertile, sterile fronds
rigidly serrulate. Found on rocks at Maroochie.
Var. media, Stipites tufted, scaly, only slightly scabrous.
Fronds six to eighteen inches high, half to two inches broad,
pinnate in the lower half pinnatifid in the upper ending in an
elongated narrow apex of several inches in length; pinne and
segments remote, linear, obtuse, gradually shorter towards the base
and towards the attenuated caudate apex. The common form near
Brisbane, Queensland, where it is found on drier land than many
other ferns. é
Var. caudata. Fronds often decumbent, six to eighteen inches
long, rhachis and stipes nearly smooth flextiose, pinnate except
near the attenuated, lanceolate apex. Pinnze membranous, oblong
and usually biauriculate one to one and a half inch long, and three
or four lines broad in the sterile fronds often narrowed and linear-
lanceolate in the fertile fronds, the lower pinne often distant. This
is the most general form met with in the south of Queensland, N.
S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, often found on shady damp hill
sides and borders of creeks. 3
XX X.—AspiLenium, Linn. Spieenwort.
Rhizome creeping, or short and thick, or rising to an arborescent
trunk. Sori linear or rarely oblong on veins proceeding from the
midrib (costa) or the base of the pinnules or on their branches.
Indusium linear or oblong, attached along one side to the vein and
opening along the other side. Name from A. privative, and spleen
in allusion to some supposed medicinal qualities.
Szction I. Evasprenitum. Sori linear, diverging from the
midrib or from the petiole towards the margin, the indusium open-
ing from the upper or inner edge outwards. |
A. nidus, Linn. Bird’s-nest fern. Rhizome erect, densely
rooting. Fronds simple entire, or rarely bifid, lanceolate, sessile or
nearly so in large regular tufts hollowed in the centre, two to six
feet long, four to eight inches broad, costa shining black. Veins
numerous nearly transverse, parallel, simple or forked, connected at
the end in an intramarginal line those near the base of the frond
often of a dark color. Sori along the upper or inner side of nearly
all the veins, near the middle of the frond and upwards, mostly
reaching from the costa to half or three-quarters of their length.
Found growing en rocks and scrub trees throughout Queensland
and many parts of N. S. Wales.
A. simplicifronds, F'. v. Muell. Rhizome scaly, Fronds entire
one to one half feet long, half to one and a half inch broad, taper-
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 53
ing to a point and decurrent on the short stipes, often very numerous
forming large tufts on the stems of trees. Veins transverse siniple
or forked, mostly about one line apart, not connected within the
margin. Sori linear, not reaching either the margin or costa.
Rockingham Bay, Trinity Bay, Belleuden Ker Ranges and care
York Peninsula, Queensland.
A. atroometin R. Br. Rhizome a short knot or shortly creep-
ing. Fronds linear-lanceolate bordered by distant short teeth, six
to eighteen inches long, half to one and a half inch broad, nearly
entire for the greater part of their length and tapering into a long
point, frequently proliferous at the end, usually broken up in the
lower part into a few obovate or oblong laterally adnate segments,
the mid-rib scaly-hairy underneath as well as the stipes. Veins
very oblique, simple or forked. Sori variable in length, often
reaching the mid-rib, rarely the margin. Abundant on damp rocks
in southern Queensland, and throughout N.S. Wales.
Var. multilobum, F. v. M. Fronds similar in size, or rather
broader, but broken up nearly the whole length into rounded, ovate,
serrated segments, the elongated apex proliferous. Found in the
Logan district, Queensland: and Richmond River in N. 8. Wales.
Var. integrum. Rhizome creeping, a few inches long, slender.
Fronds tufted, six to sixteen inches long, half-inch or less broad,
oblong, or tapering into an acuminated, proliferous, apex, rounded or
decurrent at the base upon the slender hairy stipes. Iound on
rocks and wet banks at Maroochie, Queensland.
-A. Trichomanes, Linn; European Maiden-hair, spleenwort.
A small tufted fern. Fronds two to six inches high, simply pinnate,
the rhachis slender, usually black. Pinnz numerous, obovate,
orbicular, or broadly oblong, nearly equal in size, those of the
middle of the frond the largest, two to three or rarely four lines
long, more or less toothed. Veins forked, radiating from the mid-
rib. Sori several on each pinne, oblong-linear and distinct when
young, uniting in a circular mass when old. Port Jacksonand Blue
Mountains, in N.S. Wales; many places in Victoria and Tasmania.
A. flabellifolium, Cav. Fan-shaped spleenwort. Rhizome a
small knot. fronds tufted, weak straggling, slender, often proli-
ferous at the apex, six inches to near one and a half feet long,
simply pinnate. Pinne shortly petiolulate, obliquely obovate,
orbicular or fan-shaped, toothed, the larger ones sometimes three-
lobed, two to three lines broad in the small Queensland plants,
but the more southern forms often over half-inch. Veins few,
forked, pinnately diverging from a short mid-rib often divided at
the base into three nearly equal branches. Sori several on each
pinne, linear when young, often confluent when old. On rocks
Enoggera Creek, near Brisbane, and Dalrymple Creek, Southern
Queensland ; very common in N.S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania;
Mount Lofty Range, Adelaide, South Australia, and also at a few
places in Western Australia.
A. paleaceum, R. Br. Rhizome short, tufted. Fronds decum-
54 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
bent or nearly erect, six to over fifteen inches long, simply pinnate,
often proliferous at the end, the stipes rhachis and commonly the
principal veins hirsute, or densely shaggy with persistent villose
patent scales. Pinne petiolulate, ovate, ovate lanceolate or fan-
shaped, half to over one inch long, irregularly denticulate and
sometimes obscurely three-lobed, prominently striate with radiating
forked veins more or less joining in a midrib. . Sori linear, often
long but not reaching the midrib. On rocks in the dense ‘serubs
from Rockhampton £0 Cape York Peninsula. |
A. faleatum, Lam. Rhizome densely clothed with dark brown
scales, shortly creeping, usually growing in the masses formed by
other epiphytes. Fronds from one to four feet long, or much longer
in many of the Queensland scrubs, pendulous, sub-coriaceous,
lanceolate in outline, stipes long, ebeneous, glabrous or sparingly
scaly-hirsute, simply pinnate. Pinnz shortly petiolulate, oblique,
lanceolate, accuminate, serrulate, and usually more or less pinnatifid
with short br oad dentate lobes and sometimes auriculate at the base,
one and a half to four inches long, prominently striate, the veins
very oblique diverging from the base and from the costule, Sori
linear, long, and nearly reaching the margin, or a few quite short.
Found on trees throughout Queensland and N. S. Wales.
A. obtusatum, Forst. Rhizome thick, scaly. Fronds four to
twelve inches high, the rhachis and stipes ustally rather thick, gla-
brous or sparingly scaly. Pinne coriaceous, shortly petiolulate, in,
the typical form obliquely oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
three-quarters to one and a half ‘inches long, regularly crenate-
toothed, and from that in some varieties to lanceolate, three to five.
inches long, toothed’ or pinnatifid. Veins from the midrib oblique
and forked. Sori oblong-linear, not reaching the margin, usually
several on each side of the midrib oblique edi and parallel.
Abundant on maritime rock in Tasmania.
Var. difforme. Pinne obtuse, more or less pinnatifid. Tas-
mania.
Var. lucidum. Pinnz obtuse, lanceolate, two to five inches
long, obtusely serrulate, with very numerous parallel sori. Lord
Howe’s Island, N. 8. Wales.
Var. incisum. Pinne lanceolate, three to five inches long,
deeply pinnatifid, with a sorus on each lobe. Lord Howe's Heat
N.S. Wales.
A. Hookerianum, Colenso. Rhizome short. Fronds about six
inches long, slender but rigid, mostly bi-pinnate, the rhachis slightly
scaly-hairy. Primary pinne in the lower part of frond half to one
inch long, with six to ten distinct oblong-cuneat dentate segments,
one to two or rarely three lines long, the lower ones tapering. to a
petiolule, the upper ones as well as the upper pinne small and con-
fluent. Veins diverging, free. Sori few, usually only one or two on
each segment, large in proportion. Uncertain if found in N. 8.
Wales. Upper Hume River at an, elevation of 4,000 feet, and at
the Colac Ranges in Victoria.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 55
A. furcatum, Thunb. Rhizome thick, dark brown, scaly-hairy.
Fronds six to eighteen inches high, pinnate or bi-pinnate, slightly
‘scaly-hairy. Pinne lanceolate, about one and a half or two inches
long, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate; segments varying from oblong-
cuneate, toothed and confluent to. linear-lanceolate, distinct and
deeply two to four lobed, the segments or lobes all coriaceous,
denticulate at the end, striate with few diverging veins. Sori few,
large. Grose River, N. S Wales; Grampians,. Darlot’s Creek,
Victoria; also King George’s Sound, Western Australia.
A. laserpitiifolium, Lam. Rhizome samewhat erect or shortly
horizontal, clothed with satiny ferruginous scales at the top.
Fronds one to four feet high, stipes dark, glossy, glabrous, three
or four times pinnate. Larger primary pinne six to twelve inches
long, with numerous secondary pinne of one to three inches, again
pinnate or the upper ones shorter and pinnatifid only, the primary
as well as the secondary pinne tapering into a pinnatifid point.
Ultimate pinnules or segments obovate or oblong-cuneate, toothed,
prominently striate with diverging veins, mosjly three to. four lines
long. Sori several on each segment, linear, usually rather small,
often opposite to each other, and opening face to face. Found in
the dense scrubs of tropical Queensland growing on rocks, old
logs, &c.
— Sxcrron I].—Darea. Sori oblong or linear, on a vein proceed-
ing from the mid ribin the pinnz as in Euasplenium, but on a
branch farellei to the margin of its teeth or lobes with the indusium
opening towards the margin so as to appear marginal. |
A. bulbiferum, Forst. Rhizome thick, scaly, erect. Fronds one
to two feet long, glabrous or stipes and rhachis scaly, pinnate or
bi-pinnate, often proliferous. Primary pinne numerous, usually
three to four inches long. Pinnules lanceolate, mostly half to one
inch long, pinnately toothed, lobed or divided, with a single veinlet
to each lobe or tooth; the whole frond as well as each pinna ending
in a lanceolate, toothed or lobed point. Sori large, one to each lobe
or tooth, affixed to the central vein, but the rather rigid prominent
indusium thrown over towards the margin so as to make the sorus
appear marginal. Found in the scrubs of N.S. Wales, Victoria,
Tasmania, and at Mount Gambier, South Australia. —
A. flaccidum, Forst. Rhizome short and thick, often scaly.
Fronds from one to two feet long in Australian form, often much —
longer in forms of other places, pale green glabrous, pinnate.
Pinne coriaceous, narrow, three to six inches long, the barren ones
toothed, the fertile pinnately divided into linear lobes of two to six
lines, each bearing a single rather large sorus attached to the central
vein, but the conspicuous indusium thrown over to the upper side
so as to appear marginal. Found on rocks, &c., in N. 8. Wales,
Victoria and Tasmania.
A. pteridioides, Baker. Rhizome short thick. “Fronds broadly
ovate-lanceolate in outline, four to eight inches long, three to five
inches broad, glabrous, coriaceous, pinnate. Pinne broadly lan-
56 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
ceolate, again pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; segments from obovate
to linear-cuneate, a quarter to one inch long, with few obtuse teeth or
short lobes; veins few, branching into the lobes. Sori linear,
bordering the lobes on a branch of the vein parallel to and very
near the margin ; indusium narrow, proceeding from the nerve and
opening outwards towards the margin. Lord Howe’s Island, N.
S. Wales.
Section I]].—Atuyrium. Sori small, often curved mostly at
the fork of veins proceeding from the midrib.
A. umbrosum, J. Sm. Caraway fern. Rhizome stout ascend-
ing.scaly. Fronds two to five feet high, one to two feet broad, -
bi-tripinnate, stipes clothed with large scales, thick dark at the
base a light green higher and through the many divisions of the
rhachis, Pinnules membranous, lanceolate or oblong one to two
inches long, deeply pinnatifid or smaller and pinnately toothed ;
veins oblique, usually forked, proceeding from the midrib into the
lobes or teeth, free. Sori oblong, usually on the vein, below the
fork or partly on one fork and then slightly curved. Indusium
membranous, proceeding from the vein, and opening on the upper
or inner margin, the sori often at length covering the centre of the
pinnule. Found in the dense scrubs of Southern Queensland, N.
S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Var. tenera. Is a more membranous form haying darker and
more slender stipites. Sori more distant, and the indusium not so
much broken at maturity, Sparingly met with near Brisbane ;
plentiful in the Marocchie scrubs. |
Section [V.—Drruastum. Sori. linear along veins pinnately
diverging from the central vein to each lebe of the pinnule. In-
dusium narrow, opening in the same frond, sometimes on one side
sometimes on the other, or on both sides of the vein.
A. Prenticei, Bail. Proceed. Linn. So. N.S. Wales, IV, o7.
Rhizome an erect caudex of about one foot high, two inches thick,
covered with the black bases of old stipites mixed with black scales.
Fronds one to two feet. long, pinnate, stipes and rhachis more or
less covered with black hair-like scales very dense at the base.
Pinne petiolate, two to four inches long, linear-lanceolate, serrulate,
or the ends sharply serrate, the base obliquely truncate, terminal
pinne five to six inches long, sometimes deeply lobed at the base.
Veins forked, terminating at the margin, the upper veinlet of each
fork except those near the apex, soriferous, sori occupying nearly
the length of veinlets. Indusium broad firm. The habit of this
fern is quite that of a Diplazium, but I find no diplazioid sori.
Found in the creeks of the Ranges Trinity Bay, Queensland.
A. japonicum, Thunb. Rhizome slender creeping. Fronds
pinnate, one to one and a half feet long, larger pinne three to four
inches long, deeply pinnatifid, the lower segments reaching the
shortly scaly hirsute rhachis. Sori rather short. Illawarra, N.S.
Wales. Some doubt exists regarding the Australian habitat of this
Asiatic species. —
. THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 57
A. sylvaticum, Presl. Rhizome short, thick and scaly. Fronds
pinnate, one to two feet long. Pinne membranous, mostly attached
by the midrib only, or shortly petiolulate, the larger ones six inches
long, three-quarters to one inch broad, regularly pinnatifid, with
short rounded denticulate lobes, with a central vein to each lobe and
several oblique parallel veinlets proceeding from it, bearing linear
sori extending from the midrib almost to the margin; indusia of
the section, single or double, upper pinne gradually smaller and
more entire, the uppermost semi-decurrent or confluent: Rocking~
ham Bay Ranges, Queensland.
A. maximum, Don. Rhizome short and erect or trunk-like and
over two feet high. Fronds bipinnate, several feet long and two to
three feet broad, the larger pinne closely resembling the entire
fronds of A. sylvaticum. Secondary pinne lanceolate, acuminate,
three to six inches long, three-quarter to one inch broad, pinnatifid
with short broad denticulate lobes, but the larger ones more deeply
so than in A. sylvaticum and the smaller lobes more oblique and
acutely toothed, the pinne ending in a long lanceolate serrated
point, the rhachis glabrous or slightly scaly. Sori narrow linear
and indusia entirely those of A. sylvaticum, to which the species is
referred by some. Queensland habitat, Rockingham Bay, and
Daintree River. In N. 8. Wales, Richmond, Macleay and Tweed
Rivers.
A. polypodioides, Metten. Trunk erect two to six feet high.
Fronds bipinnate, several feet long and two or more feet broad,
stipes and rhachis without scales. Secondary pinne mostly three
to four inches long, lanceolate, shortly petiolulate, acuminate, more
or less deeply pinnatifid towards the base, the lower lobes lanceolate
faleate, minutely serrulate, the upper ones gradually shorter. Sori
on the pinnate veins of the lobes as in the preceeding species but
much shorter, rather oblong. than linear. Indusia of the section
opening on one or both sides of the vein. Common in the swamps
of Northern Queensland.
A. melanochlamys, Hook. Rhizome erect six inches to one foot
hich, three to five inches thick. Fronds bipinnate, six feet long,
one to two feet broad, widely spreading, darker colored and not so
membranous as the last species. Secondary pinne deeply pinnatifid,’
segments from oblong rounded and under half an inch to lanceolate
and above one inch long and then usually crenate with a tooth
opposite each sorus. Sori and indusia linear, very conspicuous from
their dark almost black color, reaching usually almost from thie
midrib to the margin. Low land, Lord Howe’s Island, N. 8.
W ales.
A. decussatum, Sw. ‘Trunk erect, scaly. Fronds three to four
feet long, pinnate, with a thick smooth rhachis, the stipes somewhat
rough and often densely scaly at the base. Pinne shortly petiolu-
late or attached by the midrib only, often proliferous in the axis,
lanceolate, acuminate, six inches to near one foot long, one to one
and a half inches broad, shortly dentate, the terminal pinna often
I
58 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. :
large, hastato-triangular and pinnatifid. Primary veins proceeding
obliquely from the midrib to the teeth or lobes, with secondary
obliquely: pinnate veinlets often anastomosing. . Sori linear, on the
secondary veinlets, with single or double indusia. Queensland ;
Rockingham Bay, and Daintree River.
XXXI.—Cystorteris, Bernu. Buapper Ferry.
Delicate ferns, with twice or thrice pinnate fronds, with small
dentate segments. Veins forked or pinnate, with free venules. Sori
small, globular, attached to the concave base of an ovate indusium
fixed on a venule at a distance from the margin. Name from two
Greek words, of which the English name is a literal translation.
C. fragilis, Bernh. The little bladder fern. Rhizome tufted,
scaly. Fronds six to nine inches high, ovate-lanceolate or oblong
in their outline, twice pinnate, the longest primary pinne one to
one and a half inches long, decreasing towards the ends, on a slender
stipes without scales. Segments ovate or lanceolate, pinnatifid or
dentate, with obtuse lobes or teeth. Sori several on each segment,
at first enclosed in the indusium which is small and thin in the
Australian form and soon disappears under the enlarged globular
sori. On the wet rocks of Mount Olympus, and Lake St. Clair,
Tasmania.
XXXIJ.—Asripium, Sw. Surenp Fern.
Rhizome thick and shortly erect, or creeping. Fronds twice or
thrice pinnate or even more, while in some species (not Australian)
the fronds are simple. Indusium orbicular, covering the sorus when
young, attached by the centre or by a point or in a sinus on one
side, so that when opened all round by the growth of the spore-cases
it becomes peltate or more or less reniform. Name from aspis, a
shield, from the form of indusium.
A. cordifolium, Sw. Rhizome emitting wiry rooting fibres,
which often bear fleshy tubers the size of a pigeon’s egg, all beauti-
fully clothed with linear-lanceolate transparent netted scales.
Fronds pendulous from one to two or more feet long, simply pinnate.
‘ Pinne very numerous, often overlapping one another, approximate,
sessile or nearly so, and articulate on the very scaly rhachis, oblong,
rounded and usually denticulate at the end, about one inch long,
obliquely cordate at the base, with the upper auricle much the
largest, gradually smaller at the end of the frond, and the lowest
pinne short, broad and barren. Veins obliquely diverging from the
costule or midrib of pinna, forked or branched. Sori terminating each
upper branch, forming a row at some distance from the margin.
Indusium reniform, very prominent, attached in a deep sinus.
Found in many parts of Queensland, either growing among rocks
or in the masses formed by epiphytes upon scrub trees ; very abun-
dant upon the Glasshouse Mountains; also at Clarence and
Richmond Rivers, and Lord Howe’s Island, in N. 8. Wales.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 59
A. exaltatum, Sw. Rhizome similar to the last but stronger
and not forming tubers. Fronds erect, strong, two to five feet long,
simply pinnate, the rhachis usually covered with a dense scaly
tomentum. Pinne numerous, nearly sessile, articulate on the
rhachis, lanceolate, mostly acuminate and crenate, obliquely truncate
at the base and at times auriculate on the upper side; the longest
ones three to six’inches long, with numerous fine forked veins
obliquely diverging from the midrib, the lower pinnz usually shorter,
rounded at the end and barren. Sori terminating one branch of the
veins, forming a regular row usually close to the margin. Indusium
almost orbicular, laterally attached in a deep sinus, or sometimes
peltate and opening all round. Very common on the coast rocks
of tropical Queensland.
Var. longipinna. Pinne often six inches long and three-quarter
inch broad, with the sori at a greater distance from the margin.
This form is given in the Flora Austr., but the size and form of the
pinne differ so considerable in the species as to make it almost
impossible to mark distinct forms; at times the pinne is of a very
firm coriaceous texture with a glossy surface, and the sori mid-way
between margin and midrib.
A.ramosum, Beauv. Rhizome slender, scaly, creeping up trees,
over rocks, &c., often to a great length. Fronds varying from a
few inches to over one foot long, pinnate. Pinne numerous,
obliquely oblong, obtuse, crenate, very oblique at the base, articulate
on the rhachis, the lower side narrowed, the upper broadly truncate
and often auriculate, one to two inches long, and three to four
lines broad, but at times mtrch smaller. Veins diverging from the
midrib, once or twice forked. Sori in a regular row between the
midrib and margin. Indusium orbicular, usually attached in a
deep sinus, but sometimes peltate. The fronds of this variable
species are sometimes thickly clothed with hairs. A very abundant
fern in tropical Queensland scrubs, also in a few places in Southern
Queensland, and in many parts of N. S. Wales.
A. unitum, Sw. Rhizome creeping. Fronds one to two feet
. long on long stipites, simply pinnate, pubescent or glabrous. Pinne
narrow-lanceolate, three to six inches long, sessile but not adnate, —
or the lower ones on short petiolules, firm, regularly pinnatifid, the
lobes usually reaching to about the middle, broad, rounded or acute,
often falcate. Veins pinnate to each lobe, the veinlets of adjoining
lobes uniting in a vein leading to the sinus. Sori at the end of the
veinlets forming usually a close row along the margin of the lobes.
Indusium orbicular-reniform or almost peltate, very small and soon
disappearing. N. Australia; near most swamps in Queensland.
Common also in N. S. Wales; also in Western Australia.
A. pteroides, Sw. Rhizome creeping. Fronds one to three
feet high, pinnate usually more membranous than A. unitum, but
in form somewhat like that species, glabrous or minutely pubescent,
stipes long and sometimes scaly at the base. Pinne four to eight
inches long and about half an inch broad, often petiolulate, the lower
*
60 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
scarcely’ smaller, lobes reaching three-quarter way to midrib or
nearly so. Sori rather large quite marginal and confined to the
lobes not reaching below the: sinuses. Indusium orbicular-reniform.
Rockingham and Trinity Bays, Queensland.
A. molle, Sw. Rhizome short thick, one to two feet high on
stipites of equal length, simply pinnate, nearly glabrous or “quite
hairy, of a light soft green color. Pinne lanceolate, the longer ones
three to six” inches long, or more often acuminate, reoularly pin-
natifid, the lobes sometimes short, sometimes reaching above half-
way to the midrib, the pinne truncate at the base, mostly sessile,
the lower ones gradually smaller and more distant. Veins pinnate
in each lobe and prominent, the branches or veinlets of adjoining
lobes united in a vein tending to the sinus. Sori usually in a row
about half way between the midrib of the lobe and the margin.
Indusium orbicular-reniform, often disappearing early. Common
throughout Queensland and N. 8. Wales in various situations.
Var. didymosorus. Sori one or two to each lobe and only at
the junction of the lowest veinlets of adjoining lobes. Rockingham
Bay, Queensland.
Var. truncatum. This seems only to differ from the typical
form in size, on the Tweed River; it is said to attain the height of
seven to eight feet, with pinne eight inches or more long the lobes
at times truncate. Duck Creek, Richmond and Tweed Rivers, N.
S. Wales. |
A. confiluens, Metten. Rhizome thick, scaly, erect. Fronds
one to three feet long, deeply pinnatifid, pinnate usually at the base,
or the frond somewhat tripartite. Stipes very dark. Segments
lanceolate, often numerous, the upper ones two to six inches long,
pinnately toothed or lobed, confluent on a broadly winged rhachis,
the intermediate ones six to ten inches long, deeply pinnatifid and
decurrent on the rhachis, the lowest pair quite free at the base,
pinnatifid with long lanceolate lobes, of which the outer ones are
again pinnatifid, all membranous. Veins copiously netted. Sori
scattered, either on short veinlets free in the areoles or on the
anastomosing veinlets. Indusium when perfect rather large,
orbicular, peltate or on the same frond attached by a deep sinus.
Found in most of the scrubs of tropical Queensland.
A aculeatum, Sw. Lady fern. Rhizome short and _ thick,
suberect. Fronds one to two feet high, twice pinnate, sometimes
proliferous, the lower part of the stipes and the whole frond when
young very shaggy with dark brown scarious scales mixed with
hair-like ones. Primary pinnae lanceolate in outline, one and a
half to four inches long, the lower ones decreasing in length;
pinnules ovate-lanceolate, curved, three to six lines long, prickly-
toothed, with a prominent angle or lobe on the upper or inner side.
Veins forked, diverging from the costule. Sori usually six to eight
on each pinnule. Met with in Southern Queensland; many places
in N. 5. Wales ; from Portland and the Grampians to Gippsland
in Victoria; and abundant in Tasmania.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. - 61
A. aristatum, Sw. Rhizome long, creeping, crinite with long
subulate ferruginous scales. Fronds one to two feet high, broadly
ovate-triangular in outline, twice pinnate on the lower pinne, again
pinnate at the base, thin, firm, of a light glossy green color, the
stipes scaly-hairy at the base. Pinnules or lobes very obliquely
oblong or lanceolate, half to one inch long, narrowed or cuneate at
the base, bordered at the end by a few teeth ending in bristle-like
_ points. Veins forked, diverging from the costule. Sori small, not
numerous, loosely arranged in two rows. Indusium small, orbicular-
reniform. Hnoggera, near Brisbane ; Port Denison and Rockingham
Bay, im Queensland; New England, Hastings and Tweed Rivers,
* and Illawarra, in N. 8. Wales.
A. capense, Willd. Rhizome creeping. Fronds from under
one foot to two feet high, broad, rigid, the stipes and rhachis scaly,
mostly bipinnate but the smaller ones occasionally simply pinnate.
Pinne coriaceous, lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid, with reticulate
veins concealed in the thick tissue. “Sori often large, one to each
tooth or lobe. Indusium peltate and rigid, fallen mostly from old
sori. A common fern in N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Var. Moorei.' Lord Howe’s Island. Fronds two to three feet
_ long, rhachis very shaggy with large light brown scales.
A. decompositum, Spreng. Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds
glabrous or the rhachis and primary nerves pubescent or scaly ;
very variable in size and outline, usually from one to two feet high,
the stipes often long, pinnate with deeply pinnatifid pinnew, the
larger ones thrice pinnate. Primary and secondary pinne ending
in a narrow pinnatifid apex. Pinnules or segments lanceolate, two
to three lines broad, pinnately toothed or lobed, the teeth acute or
mucronate and the margin of the lobes usually nerve-like. Veins
pinnate more or less divided according to the divisions of the
pinnules. Sori usually one or two to each principal lobe not very
far from the costule. Indusium orbicular-reniform often concealed
as the sorus enlarges and sometimes perhaps deficient from the first.
Very common in Queensland, N.S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania,
also at Penola in 8. Australia.
A. acuminatum, T. Moore. Rhizome shortly creeping.
Fronds ovate-lanceolate, in outline bipinnate, in the lower parts six
to twelve inches long, on slender stipites, which are nearly gla-
brous, while the rhachis and costules are usually hispid. Veins
pinnate ending. in marginal teeth. Pinnules oblong, obtuse, but
the end of frond and lower pinne elongated and either lobed or |
toothed. Sori near the midrib. Indusium large somewhat firm in
texture, orbicular-reniform. My only specimens of this beautiful
and distinct fern are from near Sale, Gippsland, Victoria, but it is
likely to be met with in many other parts of Southern Australia.
A. tenerum, Spreng. Rhizome shortly creeping, thick, often a
good deal branched. Fronds somewhat coriaceous glabrous and
glossy above, but the stipes, rhachis, and costules hairy, with a few
scattered dark brown scales, bi-tripinnate in general outline resem-
62 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
bling A. decompositum. Segments obtusely or acutely toothed or
lobed very regular. Veins pinnate, venules free. Sori close to the
margin round which it usually forms a line. Indusium orbicular-
reniform, large, or quite small on fronds from the same rhizome.
Found in many Queensland scrubs from Brisbane to Rockhampton ;
also at the Richmond, Bellinger and Tweed Rivers in N. S.
Wales.
Var. apicale. Lord Howe’s Island, N. 8. Wales. This form
differs but little from the typical plant. |
A. tenericaule, Thw. Rhizome short and thick or creeping.
Fronds one to three feet long on a stipes of one to two feet, twice
pinnate, the larger primary pinne six to eight inches long. Pin-
nules lanceolate, one to one and a half inch long on the larger
pinne, very deeply pinnatifid with numerous lanceolate lobes one to
three lines long, all more or less decurrent, ciliate on the margins as
well as the principal veins and rhachis with rigid white hairs or
bristles. Veins branched in each lobe but free. Sori one to six in
each lobe, small and distinct with few spore-cases, or larger and con-
fluent. Indusium very small and only to be seen on young sori.
Queensland, Rockingham Bay, Bowen, and Daintree River. N.
S. Wales, Clarence River. The Flora Australiensis speaks of the
above fern having been found at these places, but probably there is
some mistake, for the form found near Brisbane, and which has been
taken for it, is a true Polypodium and as such will be found in this
work as P. pallidum.
A. hispidum, Sw. Rhizome thick, creeping, covered with brown
scales. Fronds one to two feet long, broadly ovate or triangular in
outline, usually tripinnate with acuminate pinne, the stipes stout
and with the primary and secondary rhachis hispid with long fine
spreading dark colored hairs or bristles. Pinnules lanceolate deeply
pinnatifid, quarter to half an inch long, deeply and sharply toothed.
Veins solitary on each lobe or tooth. Sori solitary on the smaller
segments or lobes. Indusium orbicular, attached by a lateral sinus
or almost peltate. Found on the Cape Otway Ranges, Victoria.
B. No indusium.
XX XIII.—Potypopium, Lryy.
Rhizome creeping in nearly all the Australian species with small
brown scales with a broad adnate base and more or less acute or
subulate points. Fronds simple pinnate or compound. Sori
_ orbicular very rarely oblong, variously dispersed over the under
surface, without indusium. Name derived from the Greek and
literally means many footed, and said to be given on account of the
early stages of growth being supposed to be similar in appearence
to the feelers of a Polypus.
Series I, Dranzura.—Veins pinnate, the venules diverging
from a midrib, simple or forked, the branches free. Sori inserted
on a simple branch or fork, the other fork often again forked.
P. australe, Metten. Rhizome short, sub-erect, scaly. Fronds
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 63
entire, coriaceous, linear or oblanceolate, various as to size from one
to six inches long, contracted into a short stipes. Veins diverging
from the costa, one or more forked, free, but concealed by the thick
texture of the frond. Sori oblong or linear, oblique and parallel in
a single row on each side of the costa, when old often confluent
and covering nearly the whole surface. Mount Lindsay and
_ Maroochie in Queensland; abundant on trees and rocks in N. §.
Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
P. Hookeri, Brackenr. Rhizome short, ascending. Fronds
usually two to four inches but said at times to reach eight inches
long, coriaceous entire linear or lanceolate, tapering into a very
short stipes and always fringed and sprinkled with long spreading
dark colored hairs. Veins simple or rather more divided than in
the last. Sori orbicular, oval or shortly oblong, rather large, in a
single row on each side of the costa. Found on the wet rocks of
Trinity Bay, Rockingham Bay Ranges, Queensland; and Lord
Howe’s Island, in N. 8. Wales.
P. blechnoides, Hook. Rhizome stout, clothed with dense
linear scales. Fronds two to four inches long, coriaceous, deeply
pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate almost reaching to the rhachis,
but dilated and shortly confluent at the base, the larger ones in the
middle of the frond three to five lines long, the lower ones shorter
and broader, contracted into a short narrowly winged stipes. Veins
pinnate in each lobe. Sori at the end of the veinlets, orbicular,
three to five pairs in each lobe, forming two rows nearer to the
margin then to the midrib. Queensland, Rockingham Bay.
P. grammitidis, R. Br. Rhizome short, scaly. Fronds four to
eight inches long (much longer in New Zealand), coriaceous, once
or twice pinnatifid. Primary segments linear or narrow-lanceolate,
reaching almost to the rhachis but more or less decurrent and
confluent, the longer ones in the middle of the frond one to one and
a half inch long, pinnatifid with the lobes mostly very short and
obtuse, but occasionally some of them linear and three to four lines
long, the lower primary segments often shortly linear and entire,
the lowest decurrent on the stipes, rarely almost all the segments
linear and entire. Veins pinnate in the linear segments, almost
simple in the short lobes. Sori orbicular or oval, varying from one
to four according to the length of the lobe. Victoria; Fern-tree
Gullies, Dandenong Ranges ; abundant also in Tasmania, often
forming matted patches on damp rocks.
P. tenellum, Forst. Rhizome long, creeping over rocks and up
the stems of scrub trees to a good height by means of adventitious
roots like ivy, the young part clothed with scales. Fronds distant
or clustered six to twenty-four inches long, glabrous, simply pinnate,
the stipes articulated to the rhizome. Pinne shortly petiolulate
. and articulate on the rhachis, lanceolate, acuminate, often falcate,
undulate-crenate, unequal at the base, two to four inches long,
wembranous. Veins pinnate with forked branches, one fork bearing
the-sorus, the other again forked. Sori orbicular, small or large,
64 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
sometimes not very close, forming a row very near the margin. A
common climbing fern of the South Queensland scrubs, also in some
of the northern scrubs; common throughout N. §. Wales.
P. punctatum, Thunb. Rhizome long, slender, creeping, densely
scaly, Fronds one to four feet high, much branched, stipes often
long slender usually of a dark brown color, bi-tripinnate. Pinnules
oblong, half to one and a half inch long, membranous or rather
rigid when in full fruit, deeply pinnatifid with dentate segments.
Veins in each pinnule or segment pinnate with free forked branches.
Sori orbicular in two rows on the smaller pinnules or longer lobes.
A very common fern on the borders of Queensland scrubs where,
supported by surrounding shrubs, it often attains the height of seven
to eight feet. From its great similarity to Hypolepis tenuifolia it is
often mistook for that species both being glandular pubescent. If
in fruit the position of the sori in P. punctatum will be at a distance
from the margin, while that of H. tenuifolia will be marginal. If
the plants are sterile the Polypodium will be usually of a more
wiry growth. |
P. pallidum, Brack. Rhizome short, horizontal, thick, clothed
with bright glossy pale colored scales. Fronds one to four feet
high. Stipes stout at the base and clothed with soft hair-like scales
which soon fall, leaving the stipes glabrous and pale or glaucous, as
well as the rhachis, bi-tripinnate, the larger pinne one foot or more
long, secondary pinne lanceolate two to four inches long, pinnules
linear obtuse half to one and a half inch long and more or less
connected by the narrow wing of the costa, the whole plant more or
less covered with white glandular hairs. Veins pinnate. Sori
from a few to fourteen on a lobe; when ripe the spore-cases often of
a dark color, all small.and usually but a few in each sorus. Found
at Knoggera Creek, near Brisbane. ‘There is not the least doubt
but that this fern is a true Polypodium, but in the Flora Aus-
traliensis it seems placed with Aspidium tenericaule, Thw, a mistake
likely to occur from the examination of dried specimens, but never
from living ones. The name used is appropriate, and the plant is
most likely identical with that of Brackenridge, but none of his
authentic specimens are in the colony, so there is some doubt on
this point.
P. aspidioides, Bail. Shiny fern. Rhizome horizontal, thin,
shortly creeping. Fronds twelve to eighteen inches long, usually
ovate-lanceolate in the small forms, but more triangular-ovate in
the larger, in outline; the stipes long, slender, sulcate and densely
covered at or near the base with dark brown ovate acuminate scales,
bi-tripinnate; the pinne and pinnules much elongated at the apex,
the upper surface glossy, rhachis and costules hairy. Veins pinnate,
ending beyond the margin in aculeate teeth. Sori medial. Found
abundant in the Brisbane River scrubs, where it may at once be °
detected by the shining upper surface of its fronds. his beautiful
fern has been for a long time confused with Lastrea acuminata,
T. Moore, the Aspidium acuminatum, Hort. Ang., and from which
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 65
it only differs in the entire absence of indusium and in the longer
more aculeate marginal teeth.
Var. tropica. This fern has been thought to be identical with
the species called by Blume P. rufescens. It differs slightly from
P. aspidioides in wanting the gloss on the upper surface of frond
and being less divided, also the marginal teeth are at times wanting
and the obtuse pinnule only crenulated, a soft pubescence with a
reddish tinge covers the whole frond; all these variations might be
due to climate, the form only being met with in the tropics. Ranges
Trinity Bay, Queensland. ;
Series I].—Synneura. Veins pinnate under each lobe of the
pinne, the branches simple, uniting with corresponding branches
of the vein of the adjoining lobe. Sori usually placed towards the
end of the upper branches of the series.
P. proliferum, Presl. Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds weak,
one to two or more feet long, preliferous at the apices and axils of
the pinne, thus widely extending, pinnate. Pinne lanceolate, one
to four inches long, often interrupted by the formation of the
axillary plants, shortly and regularly pinnatifid with obtuse rounded
lobes, sonetimes almost reduced to crenatures, broadly truncate at
the base. Veins pinnate to each lobe, the branches or veinlets of
adjoining lobes uniting in a vein leading to the sinus. Sori in two
rows to each lobe, sometimes only at the end, sometimes reaching
almost to the midrib of pinne. Albert River, North Australia ;
very abundant in tropical Queensland, on the edge of rivers and
swamps; alsoin a few places in Southern Queensland, and the
Clarence River, N. 8. Wales.
- P. urophyllum, Wall. Rhizome creeping, often several inches
below the surface. “Fronds two to four feet long on a stipes often
nearly as long, pinnate, more or less glandular-pubescent underneath.
Pinne six inches to nearly one foot long, one to two inches broad,
acuminate, regularly and broadly crenate or shortly lobed, rounded
or truncate at the base.. Primary veins leading to the lobes numerous
and parallel, pinnate, the branches or veinlets uniting in an inter-
mediate vein leading to the sinus. Sori orbicular in two regular
rows betveen each primary veins, extending from the midrib of the
pinne to the margin. Ranges about Rockingham Bay, Daintree
River, and Cape York Peninsula. In venation this species resem-
bles Meniscium cuspidatum, Blume.
P. Hillii, Baker. Rhizome creeping. Fronds one and a half feet
high, pinnate, densely and softly hirsute all over. Pinnez about
nine, the three terminal ones small, the others oblong, four to six
inches long, one and a half to two inches broad, pinnately crenate
or shortly lobed, but not so regularly so as in P. urophyllum.
Parallel primary pinnate veins leading to the lobes, the branches or
venules uniting in an intermediate vein reaching the sinus. Sori
as in P. urophyllum, in two rows between each two primary veins,
reaching from the midrib to the margin, but not close. Very little
is known of this fern, it having only once been met with, few
K
66 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
specimens preserved, and the plant not in cultivation at the present
time. Habitat somewhere between Cape Cleveland and Rockingham
Bays.
P. pecilophlebium, Hook. Rhizome creeping. Fronds six
inches to one foot long on a stipes of about the same length, pinnate,
glabrous, dark green. Pinne lanceolate, acuminate, four to eight
inches long, one to one and a half inches broad, shortly contracted
into a petiolule. Primary parallel veins numerous and prominent,
innate, the branches or veinlets oblique, more or less anastomosing
with those of the adjoining primary vein, but not forming a straight
intermediate vein as in the other species of this series. Sori rather
small, in two irregular rows between each two primary veins. Very
common in the scrubs of tropical Queensland.
Series II].—Dicryopuiesia. Venation reticulate. Primary
‘veins proceeding from the midrib more or less distinctly parallel,
connected by transverse anastomosing veinlets, enclosing areoles, in
some of which are short free, usually clavate, veinlets. Sori placed
either on the free veinlets or on the connecting branches.
P. serpens, Forst. Rhizome slender, creeping, often forming
large matted patches on trees and rocks. Fronds small, entire,
coriaceous, obtuse, contracted into a short stipes, densely covered
with stellate scales, the barren ones obovate or’ obleng, from under
half to two and a half inches long, the fertile ones linear or oblong-
linear, three-quarters to two inches long. Venation reticulate,
concealed in the thick texture of the frond, the dry fronds rugose
with indented lines not connected with the veins. Sori irregularly
crowded in the upper part of the frond and often confluent. Abun-
dant in Queensland, N. 8. Wales and Victoria.
P. confluens, R. Br. Rhizome creeping to a great extent over
rocks, tree trunks, &e. Fronds entire, coriaceous, obtuse, or rarely
somewhat acuminate, contracted into the stipes, covered with stel-
late scales, which are often deciduous on the old fronds, varying
much in length, both in sterile and fertile fronds from one inch
to one foot, but always narrow and thick. Veins reticulate, but
concealed in the texture of frond. Sori large, oval or oblong in a
row on each side of the costa and often confluent. A very
abundant fern throughout Queensland and N. S. Wales. ?
P. acrostichoides. Forst. Rhizome creeping, wiry, often form-
ing large masses on coast trees. Fronds lanceolate, entire or
forked, six inches to two feet long, contracted into a short stipes,
coriaceous and thick concealing the venation which is reticulate,
under surface clothed with stellate scales, upper nearly glabrous.
Sori in the upper portion of the frond small, distinct, very
numerous in several rows between the margin and the costa.
Along the tropical coast of Queensland.
P. attenuatum, R. Br. Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds
entire, coriaceous, - linear-lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate,
six to eighteen inches long, ‘quarter to half an inch broad, contracted
into a short stipes, glabrous, the reticulate venation concealed in the
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. | 67
thick texture. Sori large, oval-oblong, inserted in a single row on
each side of costa half-way between it and the margin. Rather
plentiful on rocks in the ranges of Queensland, both North and
South; and also throughout N. 8. Wales. |
P. simplicissimum, F. v. M. Rhizome creeping. Fronds
lanceolate, acuminate, entire or slightly crenate, four to ten inches
long, tapering into a short stipes, rather thin, glabrous, prominently
penniveined with intermediate reticulations and free veinlets in the
areoles. Sori rather large, orbicular, in a single row on each side
of the costa half-way between it and the margin, the receptacle
scarcely excavated and obscurely or not at all prominent on the
upper surface. Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
P. nigrescens, Blume. Rhizome creeping. Fronds two ‘to
three feet high on a stipes of one foot, or more, glabrous, deeply
pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate, acuminate with a narrow point,
membranous, six inches to one foot long, one to one and a half
inch broad, confluent at the base in a broad wing to the costa;
the main veins very distinct, reticulate between them, with numer-
ous free veinlets in the areoles. Sori large in the centre.of the
large areoles, distant in a single row on each side of the costule at
a distance from it, the receptacle deeply excavated and very pro-
minent on the upper surface. Daintree River, Queensland.
P. phymatodes, Linn. Rhizome creeping. Fronds two to
three or more feet high, deeply pinnatifid, smooth and glabrous.
Segments lanceolate, four to eight inches long, three-quarter to one
and a half inch broad, confluent at the base into a broadly winged
costa, the costule of each lobe very prominent, with copious
reticulations between the primary veins, but all concealed in the
smooth though not thick texture of the frond. Sori rather large,
orbicular or oval, distant in about two rows or rarely in a. single
row on each side of the costule at some distance from it, the
receptacles slightly excavated and prominent on the upper surface.
There is little or nothing to separate the Australian form of P.
nigrescens, Bl., from this species. Common near the coast of
tropical Queensland. : | :
P. pustulatum, Forst. Rhizome stout, creeping. ° Fronds
entire or deeply pinnatifid, three-quarter to one and a half feet
high, with few segments. Segments oblong-lanceolate, mostly
acuminate, three to six inches long, four to eight lines broad, -
confluent at the base into a broad-winged costa, of a firm mem-
branous texture showing on the under side the primary veins,
with copious intermediate reticulations, and free veinlets in the
areoles. Sori orbicular, rather large, distant in a single row on
each side of the costa at a distance from it and often near the
margin. Receptacles excavated, more or less prominent on the
upper surface. N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, rather
plentiful, creeping over rocks; trunks of trees, &c. A much smaller
plant but very closely allied to the last.
P. scandens, Forst. Rhizome slender, creeping over rocks and
68 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
up the trunks of trees, often to a great height. Fronds most
various in outline, six inches to one and a half feet long, entire or
deeply pinnatifid, membranous, segments on pinnatifid frond often
numerous, narrow lanceolate or linear and often falcate, decurrent
and confluent to the wing of costa. Veins slightly prominent,
forming one or two series of rather large oblong areoles, including
free veinlets. Sori distant, in-a single row on each side of costa
or costules, sub-marginal, the excavated receptacles prominent on
the upper surface. Enoggera Creek, Maroochie, &c., Queensland ;
more frequent in N. 8. Wales and Victoria.
P. verrucosum, Wall. Rhizome creeping. Fronds three to
four feet long, pinnate, glabrous. Pinne oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, obtusely serrulate, equally or unequally cuneate at the
base, shortly petiolulate or almost sessile, apparently articulate on
the rhachis, six to eight inches long, half to one inch broad,
membranous. Venation reticulate between the primary veins, with
free venules in the areoles. Sori distant in a single row on each
side of the costule and near to it, the excavated receptacles very
prominent on the upper surface. Rockingham Bay and Daintree
River, Queensland ; rare. |
P. subauriculatum, Blume. Rhizome horizontal. Fronds one
to three or sometimes more feet long, glabrous, pinnate. Pinne
linear-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, entire or serrulate, three to six
inches long, three to five lines broad, truncate, rounded or auriculate
at the base, nearly sessile but somewhat articulate on the rhachis.
Venation reticulate between the primary veins, with free yveinlets in
the areoles. Sori distant in a single row on each side of the costule
and near it, the excavated receptacles usually prominent on the
upper surface. On rocks and trees,:scrubs, Northern Queensland.
P. rigidulum, Swartz. Rhizome short, thick, creeping, usually
on rocks or trees. Fronds very various, pinnate, scarcely lobed, or
deeply pinnatifid, the pinnate form bearing the sori which is never
found on the sessile, lobed or pinnatifid fronds, rhachis always
pubescent or densely woolly when young, Pinne narrow-lanceolate,
usually rigid and very prominently and copiously reticulate, three
to nine inches long, three to nine lines broad, obliquely or equally
cuneate at the base, often shortly petiolulate, articulate on the
rhachis. Sori orbicular, distant in a single row on each side of the
costule and not far from it, the excavated receptacles prominent on
the upper surface. Hach of the tall pinnate fronds closely
- supported by a broad sessile, usually shortly lobed, almost ‘scarious,
one of about six to twelve inches long, and three or four inches
wide; these fronds are sometimes double this size and then deeply
pinnatifid, very prominently reticulate. A fern most frequently
met with on rocks throughout Queensland; also on the Blue
Mountains, N. 8. Wales.
Var. Vidgeni. There are no fronds with articulate pinne in
this form, their place is taken by a higher developed state of the
' greater number, of the usually sessile scarious fronds peculiar to P.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 69
quercifolium and P. rigidulum. Fronds two to three feet high,
pinnate.. Pinne on rather long somewhat flattered petiolules, the
‘margin much incised, cuneate at the base, not articulate upon the
rhachis, more membranous than in the typical form and although
having the same tomentum on the early growth this is soon lost
and the whole plant assumes a beautiful glossy green; no sori has
been noticed on any of the fronds of this form, but should it be
produced on these nonarticulate fronds then P. rigidulum will fall to
a form of P. quercifoliam. Found in a small scrub at Oxley,
Brisbane River, by J. G. Vidgen, Esq., Hon. Sec. Queensland
Acclimatisation Society, in 1875. As a scenic plant this will be
found eminently useful. |
P. quercifolium, Linn. JKhizome broad, creeping. Fronds of
two kinds, the small sessile ones similar to the last species, the
large ones two to three feet high, deeply pinuatifid; segments
lanceolate, six to nine inches long, three-quarter to one and a half
inch broad, decurrent on the rhachis and usually confluent into a
broad wing but sometimes interrupted between the lower segments,
thin but usually rigid, very prominently and copiously reticulated,
the free veinlets within the areoles small and rare. Sori small,
scattered, few or numerous: Usually a coast fern, found from
_ Rockhampton to Cape York; also’in N. Australia.
P. irioides, Poir. Rhizome stout, shortly creeping. Fronds
entire or lobed, one to three fect long, one to three inches broad,
coriaceous, contracted into a short stipes. Primary parallel veins
distant and usually conspicuous with. copious fine reticulations
between them, the free veinlets in the areoles numerous. Sori often
small and very numerous, covering the whole under surface of the
upper part of the frond but quite distinct from each other. Found
along the coast from Moreton Bay to Cape York, lining the edge
of rivers and swamps.
XXXIV.—Nornonana, R. Brown.
Rhizome tufted. Fronds usually small, once, twice or three
times pinnate with small lobed segments. Veinlets foyked from a
central nerve or from the base of the segment. Sori small at the
ends of. the veinlets, almost contiguous forming an apparently
continuous line within the unaltered margin, which is, however, more
or less curved over them in a young state. With regard to the
Australian species it might have been well for them to have been
placed in Cheilanthes. Name derived from the Greek nothos,
spurious; and chlaina, a covering. This latter word is contracted in
several other botanical names to Lena, in the present it alludes to
the edge of the frond curving over the sori and forming a spurious
indusium.
‘N. pumilio, R. Br. Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, one to
three inches high, simply pinnate, with a filiform rhachis. Pinne
few, ovate or oblong, obtuse, three to five lines long, membranous,
Oy © _ THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
without scales, entire on the lower ones with a short lateral lobe on
one or both sides, the upper ones confluent. Veins obliquely
diverging from the midrib. Sori continuous round the margin
except at the base, the margin of the frond at first turned over
them, but afterwards flat and not altered in consistence. N.
Australia, Port Darwin; Queensland, .Endeavour River. .
N. vellea, R. Br. Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, mostly
about six inches high but sometimes double that height, oblong-
lanceolate in outline, pinnate or bipinnate, with a hairy rhachis.
Pinne half to one inch long, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate, some-
what thick, green and hispid above, very densely woolly hirsute and
often ferruginous underneath, the lobes or segments ovate or
rounded, very obtuse. Sori at the end of the forked veins forming
an almost continuous narrow line round the margin. Port Darwin
and several other places in N. Australia; many localities in
Northern Queensland; a few places in the interior of N. 8. Wales
and South Australia; also Fraser’s Range, in Western Australia.
N. distans, R. Br. Rhizome short, erect, forming a close knot.
Fronds three to six inches high, about an inch broad, ferruginous
hirsute above, paleaceous beneath with lanceolate scales, pinnate or
bipinnate, primary pinne petiolulate often opposite or nearly so,
erect-patent, the lowest pair often distant, pinnules obtuse, margins
recurved. Sori continuous along the margin. Common in all the
Australian Colonies, usually met with on rocks in more exposed
situations than most ferns. The species scarcely differs from N.
vellea to which it had better perhaps been added as a form. :
N. fragilis, Hook. Rhizome horizontal, rather thick, scaly.
Fronds broadly deltoid in outline, in some specimens one to one
and a half inch long, on slender stipes twice as long, in others
three inches long: and broad, with firmer black stipes twice or
thrice as long, pinnate with numerous small deeply pinnatifid pin-
nules, the ultimate lobes under one line long, each one bearing a
sorus large in proportion, partial rhachis and under side of the
lobes hispid with a- few rigid hairs or bristles. North Australia,
Fitzmaurice River and Port Darwin.
XXXV.—GrammitTis, Swartz.
Rhizome short, tufted, or sometimes creeping to a great: length.
Fronds pinnate pinnatifid or entire. Veins forked free or reticulate
Sori linear or oblong, on veins. diverging from the midrib, scattered
or crowded usually in lines, like writing, whence the name, from
gramme, writing. )
G. Reynoldsii, F. v. M. Rhizome creeping. Fronds in the
few specimens seen three to six inches long, simply pinnate.
Pinne in distant pairs, broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse, entire,
about half an inch long, thick and densely covered on both sides with
hair-like scales. Sori buried under the scales, oblong or shortly
linear, transverse and distinct but closely crowded near the margin
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. yf |
forming a continuous line about one line broad. Found near
Mount Olgar, Central Australia.
G. Muelleri, Hook. Rhizome scaly, shortly creeping. Fronds
six to twelve inches long, simply pinnate, the rhachis scaly.
Pinne in distant pairs, ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire, half to one
inch long, thick, sprinkled above and densely covered underneath
with eiliate scales. The early fronds simple cordate. Sori nearly
buried under the scales, very numerous, mostly short, transverse
but crowded in an apparently continuous line round the margin, —
usually about a line and a half broad. Queensland, Rockingham
Bay, Cleveland Bay, Rockhampton and Gilbert River.
G. rutefolia, R. Br. Blanket fern. Rhizome a short knot.
Fronds tufted, three to six inches long, pinnate. Pinne obliquely
obovate or almost fan-shaped, three to six lines long and broad,
toothed, lobed, or again somewhat pinnate, contracted into a short
petiolule, sprinkled above and more densely covered underneath
with brown scaly hairs occasionally glandular. Veins forked and
radiating. Sori linear, mostly about the middle of the pinnae,
sometimes almost covering the surface. Very widely distributed
throughout the whole of the Australian Colonies and Tasmania.
G. leptophylla, Swartz. Jersey fern. Rhizome a short tuft.
Fronds delicate, under six inches high and frequently only two. or
three inches, the outer ones short with few broadly obovate or fan-
- shaped sesments, often barren, the other erect with a slender black
rhachis twice pinnate; segments numerous, oblong or cuneate,
two to three lines long, more or less deeply lobed, with usually a
single oblong sorus on each lobe, often covering the whole surlace.
Port Stephens, N. 8. Wales; Yarra and Lodden River Vale near
Sale, Gippsland, in Victoria; Spring Bay, near the Tamar, Tas-
mania ; Barossa and Lofty Ranges, South Australia ; and also
in Western Australia.
G. pinnata, F.v.M. Rhizome shortly horizontal. Fronds
one to two feet high, simply pinnate, glabrous. Pinne three to
eleven or reduced to a single terminal one, lanceolate, four to ten
inches long, half to one inch broad, contracted at the base into a
short petiolule, entire, the prominent costule and rhachis smooth
and shining. Veins diverging from the costule, forked and
anastomosing. Sori linear or narrow-oblong, very unequal and
irregularly scattered. Ranges of Rockingham and Trinity Bays,
Queensland.
G@. ampla, F.v. M. Rhizome rather thin for the large size of
fronds, scaly, creeping like Polypodium scandens up the trunks of
trees. Fronds one to three feet long, from simple and entire
to deeply pinnatifid, with segments lanceolate and from three to
nine inches long, three-quarters to two inches broad, membranous,
entire, decurrent and connected by a broad wing to the rhachis,
the wing gradually tapering below the lowest pair but continued
almost to the base of the stipes. Veins proceeding from the mid-
rib immediately forked, one branch bearing a straight linear sorus
72 - THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
extending to the margin frequently but not always, the others
prominent, flexuose, with anastomosing branches, and from both
are emitted afew short free branches. This fern is nearly allied to,
if indeed not really a form of the Indian Grammitis decurrens,
Wall. Rockingham and Trinity Bays, and Daintree River.
XXXVI.—Antrornyum, Kautr.
_ Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds simple, entire, lanceolate or
broad, with longitudinal more or less. anastomosing veins, bearing
long linear sori without indusium. Name derived from the Greek
antron, a cayern, and phyo, to grow. Plants usually found
growing on the face of damp rocks.
A reticulatum, Kaulf. Rhizome hairy, shortly creeping.
Fronds six inches to one foot long, one to two inches wide,
acuminate, tapering to a short stipes, glabrous firm, the veins
prominent on the upper surface forming long narrow areoles.
Sori all longitudinal, narrow-linear but varying much in number
and length. _On the damp rocks in the gullies of the ranges of
Northern Queensland.
XXX VII.—Acrosticuum, Linn.
Rhizome creeping sometimes to a great length or short. and
erect. Fronds undivided or pinnate, variously veined. Sori con-
fluent, covering the under surface of the fertile frond or pinne,
which are usually smaller or narrower than the barren ones.
Derivation doubtful. .
A. conforme, Swaitz. Deer’s tongue. Rhizome creeping, scaly.
Fronds simple, lanceolate, coriaceous, from a few inches to above
one foot long, half to one inch broad, acute or acuminate, tapering
into a stipes sometimes narrowly winged almost to the base. Veins
parallel, simple or forked, not close, and concealed in the texture of
the frond ; -the fertile fronds are usually smaller and more obtuse.
Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
A scandens, J.Sm. Rhizome furrowed, woolly, scaleless, creeping
in swamps and climbing up the trunks of trees, and often rooting.
Fronds one to three feet long, simply pinnate. Pinne of the
barren fronds broadly lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or cuneate at
the base and shortly petiolulate, three to eight inches long, three-
quarter to one and a half inches broad, entire or slightly dentate,
coriaceous, smooth and shining. Veins very numerous, fine and
closely parallel. Pinne of the fertile fronds long and very narrow- .
linear, sometimes almost terete, sometimes flat and two lines broad. -
Port Darwin, South Australia, and in most of the coast swamps of
tropical Queensland. |
A. sorbifolium, Linn. Var. leptocarpum. Rhizome creeping,
climbing up the trunks of trees to a great height. Frond pinnate,
one to three.or more feet long. Pinne of the barren fronds lanceo-
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 73
late, acuminate, equally or obliquely: tapering’ into'a short’ petiolule,
three to six inchés long, four to eight lines broad; often’ déentictlate:
smooth and shining but not thick. Veinsnumerous, parallel; thirbe-
quarters to one! line apart. Pinns of the fertile: frond almost
filiform, also numerous. One of the most’ beautiful of climbing
ferns, found at’ Rockingham’ Bay and Trinity Bay, Where: some: of
the large scrub trees have’ their trunks completely’ clothed’ with’ its'
long feathery drooping fronds:
A. repandum, Blume. Rhizome creeping. Fronds'orie to’ three
feet long, the stipes of the fertile fronds’ generally’ the longest:
Sterile fronds firm, membranous, ovate-oblong, acuthinate, pinnate.
Pinne four to six inches long, about one inch broad, more’ or less
petiolulate, lanceolate, pinnatifid about half way down to the'costule
with ovate-rotundate lobes, with rather broad sinuses bluntly serrated!
at the margin and generally bearin@ subulate sete im the sinuses ;
terminal pimne& sessile, the base decurrent down the'rhachis: Fertile
fronds with smaller irregularly’ lobed pinni, the sete of sinuses’
more prominent. Veins forming’ a series of elongated costal areoles,
other veins forming a few more squavé-shaped and smaller arecles,
the outer ones free to the margin. Queensland, Rockingham Bay,
Daintree River and Cape York Peninsula. |
A neglectum, Bail. Rhizome creeping, scaly, dark-colored,
hard. Fronds of two kinds, like 2 Lomaria, one to three feet high,
lanceolate in outline, deeply pinnatifid, stipes in the fertile frond
more than halfits length and bordered by a ratrow wing, segments,
linear, jointed by the narrow wing of rhachis, but not decurrent,
one and a half to three inches long. Stipes of sterile frond half
the length of frond, botdéred by a toothed or lobed wing to the
base. Beomentes Tancéolatle; coarsely sertated, feeth aliiost
aculeate, and sonte again serrate, three to six in¢hes long, half to
three-quarters inch broad, joined at’ the base by the wing of rhachis
which ig about half'an inch broad. Veingsasin A. repandum. I met
with this beautiful species in a close gully of the Trinity Bay
Ranges, in May of 1877. Dr, Prentice tells me that Mr Hill
brought the same species from the North of Queensland several
years before, and that he saw while on a visit to England, a specimen
of the same, labelled in J. Smith’s herbarium as A. repandum, from
which it differs widely according to diagnosis given in’ Hooker's
Species Filicum, with which our form of A. repandum perfectly
agrees.
A. aureum, Linn: Golden swamp fern. Rhizome, stout, erect,
forming immense masses in the salt swamps. Fronds in young
plants often consisting of the terminal pinna only; adult fronds
from two to six feet high, pinnate, glabrous, the rhachis firm and
smooth. Pinne distant, the lower ones petiolulate, the upper often
decurrent, coriaceous, entire oblong, three to four inches long, three-
quarter to one inch broad; the fertile ones rather smaller and a few
only at the upper part of the frond. Veins oblique, very fine and
numerous, copiously reticulate; the whole plant having a yellowish
L
74. THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
hue. Found in salt swamps, from the Clarence River in N. §.
Wales, round the coast to Port Essington in North Australia.
A. spicatum, Linn. Rhizome thick, horizontal, usually found
on rocks or trunks of trees as an epiphyte. Fronds simple, four to
eighteen inches long, the lowest sterile portion lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, three to nine lines broad the contracted fertile apex
linear, several inches long, and one to two lines broad. Veins in
the sterile portion obliquely reticulate with a free veinlet within the
areoles. Sori in the fertile portion forming a broad continuous line
on each side of the costa with the margin recurved over them when
young, but at length covering the under surface. Spore-cases often .
intermixed with peltate scales. Queensland, Herbert River and
Brisbane River, scrubs, Enoggera creek ; very plentiful on logs and
rocks.
A. pteroides, R. Br. Rhizome short, horizontal. Fronds close
and very numerous, pinnate or bi-pinnate, three to six inches long,
on a stipes of equal length, very fragile, scaly at the base. Segments
linear, three-quarters to one and a half inches long, about a line
broad. Sori on numerous, almost parallel veins at a little distance
from the costule, so close together as to cover the whole frond except
the costule and the margin which is recurved over the sori. At first
sight this curious and rare fern might be taken for a form of Pteris
ensiformis. Queensland, Endeavour River and Gilbert River.
XXX VITI.—Puatycrrium, Dzsv.
Rhizome short and thick. Fronds large, of two forms, the outer
ones of each year’s growth sterile and horizontally spreading, the
fertile ones erect, cuneate, forked or dichotomous, the veins
prominent, radiating and reticulate. Sori forming large broad
patches in the sinus of first fork, or occupying the ends of the
lobes. Name from the Greek platys, broad, and keras, a horn,
form of fronds.
P. alcicorne, Desv. Elk’s-horn fern. Sterile frond cordate
cottony, when young sixteen to eighteen inches, long and broad,
rigid, the margin more or less sinuate or obtusely lobed. Fertile
fronds attaining two to three feet, contracted into a distinct stipes,.
dilated upwards, several times forked. Sori or patches of spore-
cases occupying the greater part of the ultimate lobes. A stout
growth of this species has lately been figured in the Gardener’s
Chronicle under the name P. Hillii, but with equal propriety many
more species could be made out of our two Platyceriums. Found
on trees and rocks from Illawarra in N. 8S. Wales, to Endeavour
River in Queensland; varying in form according to situation.
P. grande, J. Sm. Stag’s-horn fern. A very large epiphyte.
Sterile fronds often two feet in diameter, with very prominent veins,
the margins deeply and irregularly lobed. Fertile frouds from a
broad rigid winged stipes, expanding to a great breadth dichotomously
divided with a yery broad truncate sinus at the first fork under
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 7D
which is situated the broad patch of sori, often measuring from six
to sixteen inches in diameter. The whole fronds covered with a dense
tomentum. ound on scrub trees and often on rocks throughout
Queensland ; alsoin New England, the Clarence and Richmond
Rivers in N. 8. Wales.
76 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
ADDENDA.
As the genera Lycopodium, Selaginella, Tmesipteris, and Psilotum,
are frequently cultivated with ferns, it has been deemed advisable
to add the few Australian species to this work.
Lycopodium, Linn. (The name is derived from the supposed
resemblance of the forked stems of some species to the foot of a
wolf.) Club mosses. In habit these plants are creeping, prostrate
or erect. . The leaves vary from thread-like to broad imbricate scales,
entire or minutely toothed, and are inserted round the stem usually
in four rows. Spore-cases all of one kind, flattened one-celled, two-
valved, sessile in the axil of the upper leaves, or of bracts usually
smaller or broader than the stem leaves, and forming terminal or
lateral spikes. Spores all very small.
L. selago, Linn. Fir club moss. A common Huropean species.
Stems procumbent. Branches forked, erect, forming dense level-
topped tufts of a few inches high, clothed with dark green lanceolate
leaves three or four lines long, point fine. Spikes distinct, but the
leaves or bracts similar to the stem leaves. Mountains of Victoria
and Tasmania. |
L. varium, R. Br. (Plant variable.) Stems stout, erect or
pendulous, simple or branched, six to eighteen inches long. Leaves
crowded round the stem, lanceolate, sometimes nearly half an inch
long, spreading. Spikes terminal,,two.er,three inches long, solitary
or two orjthree:together. “Bracts leafy,-two -to jthree,lines long, or
small andvacuminate. <Lord Howe’s-Island,.and: mountains of both
Victoria-and“Tasmania. [L.-selago, var. F.-v..M., Fragm V. |
In the Queensland Acclimatisation Society's bush house at Bowen
Park, is a remarkable robust-form of this species. The plant was
sent to the Society by a gentleman who gathered it in Northern
Queensland, the locality not named. Plant epiphytal, pendulous.
Stems dichotomously branched, one and a half to two feet long,
without the spikes which are from six to nine inches long, and also
forked. Leaves six to nine lines long. This form has quite the
habit of L. phlegmaria, but without the marked difference between —
the leaves and bracts of that species.
L. phlegmaria, Linn. Stems elongated, pendulous, Leaves
lanceolate, four to six lines long. Spikes several times forked, six
to twelve or more inches long. Bracts closely imbricate in four rows,
broad, about as long as spore-cases. This is one of the most
graceful epiphytes of Australia. On rocks and trees of tropical
Queensland.
L. clavatum, Linn, var. fastigiatum. (Referring to the club-
shaped infloresence.) Stems from a creeping base, ascending a few
inches. Leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, about two lines long.
Spikes terminal, erect, pedunculate, often a few inches long. Bracts
with fine, spreading tips. Moist, boggy places in the mountains of
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. GF
Victoria.and Tasmania. [L.fastigiatum, R..Br., Prod. L. diffusum,
Spring. L. clavatum, var. magellanicum, Hook. f. Flora, Tasm. |
L. earoliniana, Linn. (Carolina, N. Amer., another habitat.)
Rhizome slender, brittle, closely prostrate, sending up short, erect
stems, the upper part of which is fertile Leaves about two lines
long, two rows, often rather longer and more spreading than the
other two. Stradbroke and Moreton Islands. Common in Tas-
mania and Western Australia, where it has been named L.
serpentinum, Kunze. in Pl. Preiss. and L. Drummondi, Spring,
‘Monogr.
L. laterale, R. Br. (Referring to the lateral spikes.) Stems
erect, but slightly branched, one or two feet high. Leaves lanceolate-
subulate, two-to three lines long. Spikes few lateral, sessile, half
to one inch long. Bracts brown. Stradbroke and Moreton Islands;
‘Blue Mountains.and Port Jackson, N.S. Wales, and several localties
in Victoria.
L. diffusum, R. Br. (Procumbent and loosely branched.) Plant
procumbent, stems branched, shortly ascending. Leaves linear,
cacute.or obtuse, about two lines long, spreading or almost imbricate.
Spikes lateral brown, sessile or pedunculate. Grampians, Victoria ;
.and. several localities, in Tasmania.
L. cernuum, Linn. (Drooping, the spikes.) Stems from a
creeping rhizome, two to four feet high, or even more, branching
.with flexuose forked branches. Leaves spreading, filiform, two to
four lines long. Spikes sessile, nodding three or four lines long,
often light-colored. Bracts ciliate, imbricate in eight rows, longer
ithan,the, sporercases. Upper Victoria River, North Australia ;
Rockingham Bay, Daintree River, Glasshouse Mountains, Logan
River,.and, other places in Queensland.
L. densum, Labill. (Dense,the branches.) Stems from a creeping
chase, erect, from one to sometimes three feet high, branched in the
-upper/part. ;Leayes crowded all round, lanceolate with scarious tips
two lines:long, Jeayes .of the ,branches , scarcely one line long and
_imbricate. | Spikes, terminal, numerous, erect, half to one inch long.
-Bracts .ovate-lanceolate, tips spreading, margins often scarious.
-Port Jackson, New England, &c., N. S. Wales ; Grampians,
‘Mount: Cobberas, Upper Yarra River, and Cape Howe, in Victoria ;
vand.in.many, localities, in: Tasmania.
‘L..seariosum, Forst. (Alluding. to the dry, scarious tips of the
bracts.) Stems prostrate, sometimes very long, with short ascending
ibranches. ;Leayes distichously spreading, decurrent, about two
-lines long, with appressed ones between the two rows. Spikes
_terminal, sessile, about half an inch long, with broad spreading
bracts in-four rows, the tips and, margins scarious. Swampy parts
.of Mount» Baw-Baw, the sources of the Yarra, Victoria ; Table ~
‘Mountains, and many boggy localities in Tasmania. [ L. decurrens,
/RoBr.,: Prod. |
-L. volubile, Forst. _(Climbing.) Stems slender, very long and
rflexuose,, the leaves of ,which are narrow and appressed, but on the
78 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
numerous leafy branches the leaves are distichous and spreading,
Spikes very numerous at the ends of the branches, about one inch
long. Bracts closely imbricate, without spreading tips. Glenelg
River. A common New Zealand plant, but the specimen from the
above locality was barren, so the Australian habitat is doubtful.
Selaginella, Spring. (The name is a diminutive of selago).
Ditfering from Lycopodiums in having two kinds of spore-cases,
small ones filled with minute, powdery spores called microspores,
and larger containing one to six larger spores called macrospores,
all opening in two to four valves and sessile in the axils of bracts
in terminal spikes, |
S. Preissiana, Spring. (After Dr. Ludovicus Preiss.) An
erect, slender plant of a few inches, divided at the base into simple
forked branches leafy throughout. Leaves all alike, narrow,
spreading, acuminate, about a line long, the greater part of the
plant occupied by the fructification. Bracts in four rows. In the
swamps, Stanthorpe, Queensland; Fitzroy River, Grampians,
Dandenong Ranges, Gippsland; Ararat in Victoria; South Esk
River, Tasmania ; Blackwood and Swan Rivers, Western Australia.
[Lycopodium gracillimum, Kunze in Pl. Preiss. | _
S.uliginosa, Sprmg. (Plant found in marshy localities. )
Stems from a creeping base, two to twelve inches high, much
branched. Leaves all similar, ovate-lanceolate, keeled, spreading or
reflexed, sometimes oblique, but not vertical. Spikes terminal,
three to twelve lines long. Bracts smaller than the stem-leaves, in
four rows, points but slightly spreading. Stradbroke Island,
Queensland; and in many localities in N. S. Wales, Victoria and
Tasmania. [Lycopodium uliginosum, Labill. ]
S. flabellata, Spring. (Referring to the flat fan shaped branches.)
Rhizome creeping. Stems erect, very flat, leafy simple, for two to
six inches, then broadly ovate flabelliform for six to ten inches
much more branched. Leaves in four rows, two outer rows dis-
tichously spreading nearly vertical, faleate, one to one and a half
lines long, dark green on the upper side, pale and shining beneath,
inner rows not half so long, semicordate, fine pointed, converging
over the rhachis. Spikes three to nine lines long, slender. Bracts
keeled, fine pointed, imbricate in four rows. Rockingham and
Trinity Bays, and Daintree River in Queensland, forming dense
fringes to the margins of streams. [ Lycopodium flabellatum,
Linn. | | : | |
S.concinna, Spring. (Name from the neat appearance of
plant.) Stems creeping, slender, pinnately divided, leafy through-
out, branches shortly ascending. Larger leaves in two rows,
distichously spreading, oblong, obtuse or acute, one to one and a
half lines long, scarcely cordate at the base ; inner rows smaller,
ovate, appressed. Spikes terminal, four to eight lines long, about
one le diameter. Bracts keeled, acuminate, imbricate in four rows,
the tips usually spreading. Brisbane River, Rockingham Bay,
Daintree River, York Peninsula in Queensland. [ Lycopodium
concinnum, Swartz. |]
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 79
S.Belangeri, Spring. A small compact plant, creeping, but
not so intricate as the last, forming patches from one to six inches
in diameter. The leaves somewhat smaller and of a deeper brighter
green, the latter in two rows, distichously spreading, scarcely one
line long, ovate; two inner rows appressed, rather smaller. Spikes
terminal, oblong, rarely above six lines long, two broad, the
spreading bracts of some very similar to the stem leaves. Port
Darwin, in North Australia; and Etheridge River, Rockingham
Bay, Trinity Bay and York Peninsula in Queensland. [ Lycopodium
Belangeri, Bory. |
Tmesipteris, Bernh. (Notched fern. Named from the position
of sori, in notch of bract.) Stem simple leafy, the leaves vertical,
sessile and decurrent, entire, intermixed with leafy bracts, bipartite
on a short petiole, Spore-cases usually two together, united into
a capsule-like sorus. Sessile on the petiole of the bracts, trans-
versely oblong, flattened, two-celled and didymous or two-lobed,
opening in two valves loculicidally, Spores minute. _
T. tannensis, Bernh. (Supposed to have been first found on the
Island of Tanna.) Usually a small plant found growing upon
trees in the cracks of the bark, the stems seldom more than a few
inches in length, but said to attain two feet in Tasmania. Leaves
obliquely oblong, about half an inch long or more, truncate or acute
at the end, the central nerve produced into a fine point. Bracts
replacing the leaves on the upper part of the stem, deeply divided
into two segments. Found on trees on the various ranges of
Queensland, N. 8. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. [ Lycopodium
tannense, Spreng. P.truncatum R. Br. Psilotum Forsteri, Endl.
Tmesipteris truncata, Desv. T. Forsteri, Endl. TT. Billardieri,
Endl.
Psilotum, Swartz. (Naked or destitute of leaves.) Stems
dichotomus, with distant notches bearing minute scales. Spore-
cases usually three together, united in a capsule-like sorus. sessile
in the axil of or attached to the bracts, nearly globular, three-lobed,
three-celled, opening loculicidally or three valves. Spores minute,
uniform.
P. triquetrum, Swartz. (Referring to the three-sided stems.)
Found on trees and in the crevices of rocks, at times forming large
tufts, usually pendulous. Stems repeatedly dichotomously
branched, from a few inches to two or three feet long, three-angled.
Seale-like leaves minute and subulate, the bracts subtending the
Spore-cases, equally small and distant, but forked. Capsule-like
sori globular, about one line diameter, attached to the bract below
the fork. Common on trees and rocks throughout Queensland and
New South Wales.
P. complanatum, Swartz. (Alluding to the branches being flat,
not triangular, as in the other species.) Stems flat, dichotomous,
pendulous, often three to five feet long, two or three lines broad,
rigid or flaccid, the margins alternately notched. Leaves and bracts
minute. Capsule as in the last species. Rockingham Bay. [P.
flaccidum, Spring. |
80 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
REMARKS.
With regard to cultivation, Lycopods differ nowise from ferns:
in habit they vary quite as much, some being found on trees’ and
rocks, often in the masses formed by epiphytes ; others are met.
with fringing the margins of mountain streams, and others may
often be seen nonce grass on damp hill-sides.
For elegance of appearance they quite equal the ferns, and that
they are also appreciated by fern cultivators may be infer red from one
meeting with them in fern-houses.
Although their value must be acknowledged more exsthetic than
economic, “yet we find they have been used in medicine, and as dye
producers. The powdery spores also of some species 1s so highly’
inflammable that advantage has been taken of this property in
pyrotechny.
It may also be further observed that Lycopodiums are distin-
guished from Selaginellas by their conifer-like habit, the single
form of their capsules. ‘The leaves vary from mere threads to br oad
scales. ‘Ihe fruit spikes are mostly distinct, cylindrical, and some-
time branched. LL. clavatum, of which there is a form in Australia,
was the badge which was worn by the Sinclairs.
Selaginella may be distinguished from Lycopodium by the flat
two-ranked stem, and double two or three valved capsule, one of
which contains the large pallid spores, the other the free spore-like
orange or scarlet antheridia, which at length produces the spiral
spermatozoids. Both sometimes occur together in the axil of the
same leaf, bat they are sometimes separate. Germination takes
place by cellular division of a portion of the spores, and the young
plant when produced from the archegonium has two opposite leaves
like cotyledons, thus resembling the embroyo of some exogens.
Psilotum may be recognised from its minute bristle-pointed
scale-like leaves, and three-celled capsules.
Tmesipteris, by the large oblong two-lobed capsule, the lobes of
which are spreading and acute, and the capsules being situated on
the stalk of the bract near where it is forked.
Besides the plants of the order noticed, Isoetes abi Linn,
the European Quillwort, and I. Drummondii, A. Br., the Western
Australian form. Phylloglossum Drummondii, Kunze, a very
small plant, met with in some of the cooler parts of Australia,
and the pretty moss-like plants which float on still waters, Azolla
pinnata, R. Br. and A. rubra, R. Br. are also Australian plants of
Lycopodiaceze, but are scarcely worthy of cultivation.
Antheridia 18 a term applied to the male organs in cryptogams,
and analogous to anthers.
Ar chegonatin. The long-necked cellular sac, in cryptogams and
analogous to pistil.
Spermatozoids. The spiral bodies by which impregnation is
accomplished.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 81
A SHORT
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
USED IN DESCRIBING FERNS, WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
EXPLAINED IN OTHER PARTS OF THIS WORK.
Aculeate—furnished with prickles. See Aspidium aculeatum.
acuminate—prolonged into a point. See leaflet of Polypodium
urophylium.
adnate—grown to or attached lengthwise. See auricles at base of
fronds of Marattia fraxinea.
anastomosing—veins joining like the meshes of a net. See Polypo-
dium irioides.
appressed—pressed close to, as the scales of many ferns.
apex—the summit.
areoles—spaces or meshes of netted veins.
aristate—awned or bearded. See Aspidium aristatum.
articulate—jointed as pinne of Aspidium cordifolium.
ascending—applied to the rhizome when it is horizontal with a
somewhat erect apex. See Doodia aspera.
auriculate—having ear-like appendages. See Polypodium subauri-
culatum, &e.
axil—the angle formed between two parts of rhachis, &c.
| Barren—without fructification. See broad lower fronds of Polypo
dium rigidulum.
bidentate—double-toothed.
bifid—cleft—half divided or parted.
bipinnate—twice-pinnate.
bullate—studded with bubbles or blisters, as leaflets of Gleichenia
dicarpa.
Capillary—very slender, hair-like.
cartilaginous—gristly.
circinate—curled round like the growing part of most ferns.
ciliate—ey elash-haired.
clavate—club-shaped.
compound—tronds having ony divisions.
compressed—iiattened.
confiuent—running into each other.
cordate—heart shaped. See first fronds of Pteris paradoxa.
cortaceous—hard, tough, like leather.. See Pteris paradoxa.
costa—midrib of entire frond. :
crenate—regular blunt or rounded teeth. See Pinna of Aspidium
exaltatum.
cuneate—tapering towards the base like a wedge. See pinnules of
_Lindsxa microphylla. | }
M
82 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Deciduous—falling off, as the indusia of Aspidium decompositum.
decompound—having compound (ivisions.
decurrent—when the base tapers down the stem.
dentate—toothed. See Asplenium falcatum.
dichotomous—in pairs, or forks. See veins of Adiantum. Seg-
ments of frond of Schizea dichotoma.
dimidiate—halved.
flongated—lengthened. ‘
evanescent—disappearing, as the indusia of some Aspidiums.
exserted—projecting, as the receptacle in many Trichomanes.
Falcate—curved like the blade of a scythe. See Pteris falcata.
Serruginous—iron-colored, rusty-colored as the scales on rhachis of -
Dicksonia Youngie.
fertile—bearing sori.
Jiltces—ferns.
jiltform—thread-like. See stipes of Schizeea rupestris or Hymeno-
phylium tunbridgense.
flaccid—feeble.
frond—leaf of a fern.
fSurcate—forked.
Glabrous—without hairs.
glaucous—a hoary gray.
Hirsute—hairy. See frond of Polypodium Hillii.
hispid—rough with bristles.
Indusium—the skin covering the sorus in some ferns.
znvolucre—another name for indusium.
Laciniate—cut or divided.
lamina—blade of leaf or frond.
lanceolate—lance-shaped. Sometimes applied to general outline.
lunate—shaped like a half moon.
Panicle—branched-fructification. See Botrychium ternatum.
peltate—stalk fixed in the disk instead of the margin.
petiolule—stalk of leaflet. See Adiantum.
pinna—leaflet.
pinnate—leaf divided into leaflets. See Polypodium tenellum.
pinnairfid—leaf divided into lobes from the margin to near the midrib.
pinnule—second pinna or leaflet.
proliferous—when producing young plants upon the frond—as
Asplenium attenuatum.
pubescens—downy. See young fronds of Polypodium rigidulum.
Reniform—kidney-shaped. See indusium of many Aspidiums.
reticulate—netted. See leaflets of Polypodium rigidulum.
receptacle—part of vein on which the sorus is seated.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 83
resupinate—turned on its back.
revolute—rolled back. See margin of Cheilanthes fronds.
rhachis—the common stalk upon which the leaflets are inserted.
rhizome—rootstock, or stem of ferns.
rugose—rough, wrinkled.
Scabrous—rough from little asperities. See Dicksonia antarctica.
segment—a lobe of pinnatifid frond. See Polypodinm scandens.
serrate—cut like the teeth of a saw.
serrulate—teeth very fine. See pinna of Blechium serrulatum.
sessile—without stalk, as some leaflets, the oak-leaved fronds of
Polypodium rigidulum, spore-cases in Marattiex, &c. |
setose—bristly. See Polypodium Hookeri. |
simple—not divided, as fronds of Aspleninm nidus.
sinus—recess formed by lobes of the frond. See sorus of Platy-
cerium grande.
soriferous—bearing the fructification.
sorus—a seed-patch.
spike—See fructifications of Ophioglossum.
spore—seed of fern.
spore-case—case containing spores.
stipes—stalk of fronds.
stoma, Stomium—the opening provided on the side of the spore-
case, for escapement of .spores.
strig—small streaks. See spore-cases of Schizea, Pinnules of
Davallia, elegans, &c.
Ternate—in threes.
tomentose—having close dense downy hair, as Lindswa lanuginosa.
trichotomous—divided in threes.
truncate—blunt as if cut off.
Umbrosa—growing in shady places, as Pteris umbrosa.
undulate—having a wavy margin.
Verrucosus—warty.
virens—green.
SY OS «<SS RE Rng cS: Re. Q CA
Sar >A KG WINN She) SOW eee:
6.0.0 @" GN IER @ Sas
WX & BQN SSA ]W] JG“ WS {Yj
; WN WY L” EX WY WS VS \ SS KYA
WHS
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SS ~S WS
—_ ENA 2S 4: QS
84. THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES
FOR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES.
Abbreviations. The full name &c,
Agardh.—J. C. Agardh, a Swedish professor and writer on Alge.
Ait.—W. T. Aiton, a former director of the Royal Gardens,’ Kew.
Bail._—F, M. Bailey, an Australian Botanist.
Baker.—J. G. Baker, one of the authors of Synopsis Filicum.
Bedd.— — Beddome, a writer on §. Indian ferns.
Bernh.—J. J. Bernhardi, Professor of Botany at Erfurt.
Bi.—C. L. Blume, a Dutch Botanist and traveller in Java.
Bory.—Bory de St. Vincent, a French Botanist and traveller.
Bosch.—V. de Bosch.
Br. or R. Br.—Robert Brown, a British Botanist, author of ‘Pro-
dromus-F lore Nove- Hollandiz.
Brack.—W. D. Brackenridge, Botanist to the U. 8. Expl
Expedition.
Brain.—A. Braun, director of the Berlin Botanic Garden.
Brongn.—A. Brongniart, Professor of Natural History, Paris.
Burmann.—J. Burmann, Professor of Botany at Amsterdam.
Carm.—Capt. D. Carmichael, author Flora of Tristan da Acunha.
Cav.—A. J. Cavanilles, a Spanish Botanist.
Colenso.—The Rev. W. Colenso, a writer on N. Zealand pts
Colla.—A. Colla, a collector of Chilian plants.
Desv.—N. A. Desvaux, a French Botanist. |
Don.— David and George Don, both British Botanists.
Dry.—Jonas Dryander, a Swedish Botanist, librarian to Sir J.
Banks. . |
Fée.—A. L. A. Fée, a French Botanist.
Forst. meee Forster, a traveller and early writer on Australian
plants
Gaudich.—A. Gaudichaud, a French Botanist and traveller.
Grev.—Robert Kaye Greville, author 3 “The Scottish Cry-
ptogamic Flora.”
Hofim.—G. ¥. Hoffmann, a German Botarey
Hook.—Sir W. J. Hooker, author of Species Filicum, &c., &e.
Hook. et Arn.—Hooker and Arnot.
Hook. et Bak.—Hooker and Baker, authors of Synopsis Filicum.
Hook. et Grev.—Hooker and Greville, authors of Icones Filicum.
Hook. f.-—Sir J. D. Hooker, director of Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Humb. et Bonp.— Humboldt and Bonpland, travellers in America, &e.
Kaulf.—G. Fredrick Kaulfuss, M.D. Professor of Botany at Halle.
Kuhn.— —Kuhn, a German Botanist.
Kunze.—G. Kunze, Professor of Botany at Leipsic.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA, 85
Linn.—C. Linneé, or, as his name is latinized Linneeus, the great
Swedish Naturalist. ;
Labill.—J. J. Labillardiere, a French Botanist.
Lam.—J. B. de Mannet Lamark, a French Botanist.
LT Herit.—C. L. de Brutelle L’ Heritier, a French Botanist.
Linden.—J. J. Linden, a traveller and nurseryman, Brussels.
Tjuerss.— —\nuerss.
Meit.—S. G. Mettenius, Professor of Botany at Leipsic.
Moore, C.—Charles Moore, director of Botanic Gardens, Sydney,
N. 8. Wales.
Moore, T.—T. Moore, a British Botanist and author of several
works on Ferns.
Muell. F. von—Sir Ferd. von Mueller, Government Botanist,
Victoria.
Presl.—Dr. Presl of Prague a writer on Ferns.
Poir.—J. L. M. Poiret, a French Botanist.
Prentice.—Dr. Prentice, Brisbane, Queensland.
Raddi.—J. Raddi, a writer on Brazilian plants.
Raoul.—M. Raoul, a Botanical writer on N. Zealand plants.
Retz.—A. J. Retzius, Professor of Natural History, London.
Rich.—A. Richard, a French Botanist and writer on plants of N.
Zealand.
Roth.—A. W. Roth, a German Botanist.
Schk.— —Schkuhr, a German Botanist.
Schott. —H. Schott, director of the Vienna Botanic Garden.
Sieber.— —Sieber, a Botanical collector.
Sm.—Sir J. E. Smith, founder of the London Linnean Society.
Sm. J.—J. Smith, late curator of the Kew Botanic Gardens.
Spreng.—K. Sprengel, a German Botanist.
Sw.—O. Swartz, a Swedish Botanist.
Thunb.—C. P. Thunberg, a Swedish Botanist.
Thw.—Mr. Thwaites of. Ceylon.
Wall.—Dr. N. Wallich, formerly director of Calcutta Botanic
Gardens.
Wickst.—J. J. Wickstrom.
Willd.—C. L. de Willdenow, a Prussian Botanist.
$6 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
INDHX
WITH THE SYNONYMS BY WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN
NOTICED IN WORKS ON AUSTRALIAN FERNS.
PAGE.
ACROSTICHUM.
alcicorne, Sw. Elkshorn. See Platycerium alcicorne, Desv.
aureum, Linn. Large swamp fern ... Set Bag ss
A. fraxinifolium, R. Br. Prod.
Brightie, F. vy M. See A. sorbifolium Linn., var. lep-
tocarpum
conforme, Sw. Deer’s tongue ‘ho shi mente 62
fslaphoglossum conforme, Schott.
fraxinifolium, R. Br. See A. aureum, Linn.
lanuginosum, Desf. See Notholena vellea, B R. Br.
pteroides, R. Br. Pteris like hss we 04
Neurosoria pteroides, Metten. "a
repandum, Blume. Margin dilated... “105 soe hes)
Pecilopteris repanda, Presl. in
scandens, J. Sm. Climbing x0 ade coe 02
Stenochlena scandens, J. Sm. | |
sorbifolium, Linn. Sorbus leaved . cme 2
Lomariopsis Brightia, Bail. Queensland Fe erns
spicatum, Linn. Spike like St Set | Pb sees sep mb
Hymenolepis spicata, Presl.
velleum, Ait. See Notholena vellea, R. Br.
virens, Wall. Green.
ADIANTUM. |
ethiopicum Linn, Common Maiden-hair ... .. 42
A. assimile, Sw.
A. trigonum, Labill.
affine, Willd. Rock Maiden-hair ... we» 42
A. Cunninghamit, Hook.
affine, Hook. See A. diaphanum, Bb. -
assimile, Sw. See A. ethiopicum, Linn.
capillus-Veneris, Linn. English Maiden-hair woe 41
Cunninghamii, Hook. See A. affine, Willd.
HepRAAey Blume. Transparent .. ee . 42
A. affine, Hook. | :
formosum, R. Br. Tall scrub Maiden-hair ... Roe 2
hispidulum, Sw. Rough Maiden-hair stare tee he
lunulatum, Burm. Moon-shaped . .. 4l
paradoxum, R. Br. See Pteris paradoxa, Baker
trigonum, Labill. See A. ethiopicum
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 87
PAGE
AtLaNTopIa—from the Greek allas, allantos, a sausage, form
of sorus.
australis, R. Br. See Asplenium umbrosum, J. Sm.
tenera, R. Br. See Asplenium australe, Brack.
AusopHita. ‘Tree Fern.
australis, R. Br. Southern a ore “na ae!
A. Coopert, Hook. et Baker.
A. excelsa, R. Br.
Cooperi, Hook. et Baker. See A. australis, R. Br.
excelsa, R. Br. See A. australis, R. Br.
Leichhardtiana, F. v. M. Prickly-tree Fern ... ww. 84
A. Macarthurit, Hook.
A. Moorei, J. Sm.
Loddigesii, Kunze. Loddeges’s ... . 34
Macarthurii, Hook. See A. Leichhardtiana, F. v. M.
Moorei, J. Sm. See A. Leichhardtiana, F. vy. M.
Rebecce, F. v. M. Mount Graham Tree Fern eee 4
Robertsiana, F. v. M. Reberts’ Tree Fern ... 35
Woollsiana, F. v. M. See A. Leichhardtiana, F. v. M.
ANGIOPTERIS.
evecta, Hoffm. Mounted a ae ai 20
AwnrropHyum.
plantagineum, Kaulf. See A. reticulatum, SUE
reticulatum, Kaulf. Netted sa eet ee ee
A. plantagineum, Kaulf.
A. semicostatum, BI.
semicostatum, Blume. See A. reticulatum, Kaulf.
ARTHROPTERIS—from arthron a joint, and pteron, a wing,
jointed pinne.
tenella, J. Sm. See Polypodium tenellum, Forst
ASPIDIUM.
aculeatum, Sw. Prickly ... 5d = isay 160
A. proliferum, R. Br.
Polystichum vestitum, Presl.
apicale, Baker ... AS ss sn 4
Nephrodium apicale, Baker.
aristatum, Sw. Awned . ane oe ore Gd
Lastrea aristata,:T. Moore.
capense, Willd. Cape of Good Hope se wen eGL
Polypodium capense, Linn.
Aspidium coriaceum, Sw.
Polystichum coriaceum, Schott.
confluens, Metten. Confluent ae Ae ae OO
Nephrodium confluens, I. v. M.
A. melanocaulon, F.v. M.
Sagenia melanocaulon, Bail. Qucensl. Ferns.
cordifolium, Sw. MHeart-leaved ... sie
Nephrolepis cordifolia, Presl.
Cr
o.6)
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Aspipium.—Continued.
oui tuberosa, Pres.
A. tuberosum, Bory.
coriaceum, Sw. See Aspidium ppenee Willd.
decompositum, Spr. ee ae
Nephrodium decumponturn R. Br.
Lastrea decomposita, Presl.
exaltatum, Sw. Tall
Nephrodium exalitatum, R. Br.
Nephrolepis exaltata, Schott.
extensum, F. v. M. See Aspidium molle, var. truncatum
hispidum, Sw. Hairy...
Nephrodium hispidum, Hook.
Aspidium setosum, Schkubr.
melanocaulon, F. y. M. See Aspidium contluens, Matten
molle, Sw. Soit pete ai ace
Nephrodium moile, R. Br.
Polypodium molle, Jacq.
Nephrodium didymosorum, Bedd. See A. molle, var.
didymoscrus ;
obliteratum, Spr. See Aspidium ramosum, Beauv.
proliferum, R. Br. See Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.
pteroides, Sw. Pteris like cae Stic Sc
Nephrodium pteroides, J. Sm.
Nephrodium terminans, Hook.
ramosum, Beauv. Branching we ora elas
Aspidium obliteratum, Spr.
Nepirodium obliteratum, B. Br. _
Nephrolepis altescandens, Bail. Queensl. Ferns.
Nephrolepis ramosa, T. Moore.
Nephrolepis obliterata, Hook.
Nephrolepis repens, Brack.
Polypodium? Beckleri, Hook.
setosum, Schkuhr. See Aspidium hispidum, Sw.
tenericaule, Thw. See ee Penn
tenerum, Spr. Tender ... esc Sic
Nephrodium tenerum, R. Br.
truncatum, Gaudich. See Aspidium molle, Sw.
A, extensum, F. v. M.
Nephrodium abruptum, Pr.
Nephrodium truncatum, Pr.
tuberosum, Bory. See Aspidium cordifolium, Sw.
uliginosum, Kunze. See penrpodiug pallidum, Brack.
unitum, Sw. United... 7 ane
Nephrodium propinquum, R. Br.
Nephrodium unitum, R. Br.
ASPLENIUM.
adiantoides, Raoul. See Asplenium Hookerianum Colenso
attenuatum, R. Br. Tapering
PAGE,
61
59
62
60
59
59
61
59
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 89
AspLentum—Continued. PAGE,
- australasicum, Hook. See Aeplontiin nidus, Linn
australe, Brack. See Asplenium umbrosum var tenera
Allantodia tenera, R. Br.
Browni, J. Sm. See Asplenium australe, Brack’
pulbiferum, Forst. Bulbil bearing...
A. locum, R. Br.
Cenopteris appendiculata, Labill.
caudatum, Forst. See Asplenium falcatum, Lam.
cuneatum, F.v. M. See Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam.
decussatum, Sw. Crossed a sie sae aE
Callipteris prolifera, Bory.
difforme, R. Br. See Asplenium obtusatum, Forst.
falcatum, Lam. Sickle-formed ... ine wo «=O
A. caudatum, Forst.
A. polyodon, Forst. P
flabellifolium, Cay. Fan-shaped, spleenwort ... .. 53
flaccidum, Forst. Weak-fronded ... ae tes, “OD
A. odontites, R. Br. |
furcatum, Thunb. Forked Ade Je ee 6-00
A. premossum, Sw. .
Hookerianum, Colens. Hooker’s ... “fs wo. =O4
A. adiantoides, Raoul. Nv,
japonicum, Thunb. Java Bon a. OO
laserpitifolium, Lam. Laserpitium leaved ... wee OD
A. cuneatum, F. v. M.
laxum, R. Br. See Asplenium bulbiferum, Forst
lucidum, Forst. See Asplenium obtusatum, Forst
marinum, F. vy. M. See Asplenium obtusatum, Forst
maximum, Don. Large ... cee a ee ae
A. speciosum, Baker.
melanochlamys, Hook. Dark scaled Pe we OF
nidus, Linn. Bird’s nest fern one ast wie aI
A. australasicum, Hook.
Thamnopteris nidus, Presl.
obliquum, Forst. See Asplenium obusatum, Forst
obtusatum, Forst. Obtuse of, sre tes, DA
A. lucidum, Forst.
A. obliquum, Forst.
odontites, R. Br. See Asplenium flaccidum, Forst
paleaceum, R. Br. Sealy ee we OO
physosorus, Sieb. See Asplenium australe, Brack
polyodon, Forst. “See Asplenium falcatum, Lam.
polypodioides, Metten. Polypodium like... eee Gor
Diplasium polypodioides, Metten.
premorsum, Sw. See Asplenium furcatum
Prenticei, Bail. Prentice’s dee oe ews
pteridioides, Baker. Pteris like... oe ee MD)
_ simplicifrons, F. v. M. Simple fronded —... ws Oe
N
90 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
AsPLENIUM—Continued. , PAGE,
speciosum, Baker. See Asplenium maximum, Don
sylvaticum, Pr. Wood spleenwort ke we O
trichomanes, Linn. Maiden-hair spleenwort .. ee BS
umbrosum, 1 Sm. Shady spleenwort - 55
Banantium—from balantion, a pouch or bag, form af indusium
Brownianum, Presl. See Davallia dubia, R. Br.
BLECHNUM—
ambiguum, Kaulf. See Blechnum lavigatum, Cay.
cartilagineum, Sw. Gristly sia jae ae 00
JB. striatum, Sond et Muell.
levigatum, Cav. Smooth oa re ee 0
B. ambiquum, Kaulf.
nitidum, Presl. Shining oie ine Been 0
orientale, Linn. Oriental sine see 20)
procerum, Labill. See Lomaria capensis, Willd.
serrulatum, Rich. Small toothed ... die we 0)
B. striatum, R. Br.
striatum, R. Br. See Blechnum serrulatum, Rich.
striatum, S. et Muell. See Blechnum cartilagineum, Sw.
BotrycHium—
australe, R, Br. See Botrychium ternatum, Sw.
lunaria, Sw. Moonwort Fern ae ot ee A
ternatum, Sw. Grape Fern Sis se seg)
B. australe, R. Br.
B. virginanum, Hook.
virginianum, Hook. See Botrychium ternatum, Sw.
CERATOPTERIS— |
thalictroides, Brongn. Meadow-rue leaved water fern ... 24
Parkeria perudioides, Hook, |
CHEILANTHES—
caudata, R. Br. Tailed . aes 4A
contigua, Baker. See Cheilanthes tenuifolia, ‘Sw.
distans, A. Br. Rusty Fern. See N otholena distans,
a Br
fragillima, F. v. M. See Notholena fragilis, Hook
Preissiana, Kunze. See Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.
protusa, Kunze. See Notholena distans, R. Br.
Sieberi, Kunze. See Cheilanthes tenuifolia var Sieberi.
tenuifolia, Sw. Curly fern He nae vee 48
C. Preissiana, Kunze.
C. contigua, Baker.
Pieris nudiuscula, R. Br.
Pellea nudiuscula, Hook.
C mNoPTERIs—from Kainos, new, and pteris, a fern.
appendiculata, Labill. See ‘Asplenium bulbiferum, Forst
CyaTHEA— :
arachnoidea, Hook. Cobwebby. ... “ss wey 102
brevipinna, Baker. Short pinne ... sie ae OO
THE FERN -WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
CyatHea—Continued.
Lindseyana, Hook. Lind say’s
Macarthurii, F. v. M. Macarthur’s
Hemitelia Macarthurit, F. v. M.
Cyathea Mooret, Hook et Bak.
medullaris, Sw. Black Fern .s
Moorei, H. et B. See Cyathea Macarthurii, F, v. M.
CysrorrERIs—
fragilis, Bernh. Fragile
C. tasmanica, Hook.
tasmanica, Hook. See Cystopteris SH, Bernh
DavaLiia—
brachypoda, Baker. See Lindsea cultrata, Sw.
dubia, R. Br. Mountain Bracken ... hep
Dicksonia dubia, Gaudich.
Balantium Brownianum, Pr.
elegans, Sw. Elegant
flaccida, R Br. See Davallia speluncer, Baker
nephrodioides, F. v. M. See Deparia nephrodioides,
Baker.
pedata, Sm. Divided like a bird’s foot
Humata pedata, J. Sm.
polypodioides, Don. See Davallia epee Baker
pyxidata, Cav. MHare’s Foot Fern.. at
solida, Sw. <4 ae
spelunce, Baker. Cave or Rock Fern
D. flaccida, R. Br.
D. polypodioides, Don.
Microlepia spelunce, T. Moore.
Polypodium spelunce, Linn.
tripinnata, F. v. M. Thrice-pinnate
DENNsTADTIA—
davallioides, T. Moore. See Dicksonia davallicides, R. Br.
DEPARIA—
Macrei, Hook. et Grey. See Deparia prolifiera, Hook.
nephrodioides, Baker. Nephrodium like’ ae
Davallia nephrodioides, F. vy. M.
prolifera, Hook. Proliferous
Dicksonia—
antarctica, Labill. Woolly Tree Fern * st
davallioides, R. Br. Davallia like ... eee
D, nitidula, Metten.
Dennsteedtia davallioides, T. Moore.
dubia, Gaudich. See Davallia dubia, R. Br.
nitidula, Metten. See Dicksonia davallioides, R. Br,
squarrosa, F. y. M. See Dicksonia Youngie, C. Moore.
Youngie, C. Moore. Young’s nes
Dictipopreris—Inclining two ways, the veins.
angustissima, Brack. See Monogramme J unghuhnii,
Tics
91
PAGE.
32
32
33
58
3”
Y airs
30
37
x
38
38
36
36
30
36
92 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
PAGE,
Dicryog¢RamMME—from diktyon, a net, and gramme, a line;
lines of sori.
pinnata, T. Moore. See Grammitis pinnata, F. v. M.
Dicryopteris—from diktyon, a net; veins netted.
attenuata, Presl. See Polypodium attenuatum, R. Br.
DipLastum—from diplazo, to double; double indusium.
polypodioides, Metten. See Asplenium poly podioides,
Metten
Doop1a— |
aspera, R. Br. Pickly Fern 3% s96 soc eal
Woodwardia aspera, Metten.
blechnoides, A. Cunn. See Doodia a. var., blechnoides
caudata, R. Br. See Doodia a. var. caudata
D. rupestris, Kaulf.
Woodwardia caudata, Cay.
media, R. Br. See Doodia a. var. media, R. Br.
rupestris, Kaulf. See Doodia a. var. media |
Drynarta—from Dryades, nymphs of the woods; or dryinos,
of the oak from the form of sessile fronds.
diversifolia, J. Sm. See Polypodium rigidulum, Sw.
quercifolia, J. Sm. See Polypodium quercifolium Linn.
‘Linnei, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Polypodium querci-
folium, Linn.
Exapxoczosstam—Elaphos, a deer, and glossa, a tongue; form
of fronds.
conforme, Schott. See Acrostichum conforme, Sw.
GLEICHENIA—
alpina, R. Br. See Gleichenia ears R. Br.
circinata, Sw. Parasol Fern de ey Vase) GAS
G. microphylla, R. Br.
G. rupestris, R. Br.
G. semivestita, Labill.
G. spelunce, R. Br.
dicarpa, R. Br. Two fruited os ¢ x ua Bad
G. alpina, R. Br.
dichotoma, Hook. Forked a a sae ae ho)
G. Hermanni, R. Br.
Mertensia dichotoma, Willd.
Polypodium dichotomum, Thunb. :
flabellata, -R. Br. Fan Fern ot Aa ee 26
Hermanni, R. Br. See Gleichenia dichotoman “Hook.
microphylla, R. Br. See Gleichenia circinata, Sw.
platyzoma, F.v.M. See Platyzoma microphyllum, lite Br.
rupestris, R. Br. See Gleichenia circinata, Sw.
semivestita, Labill. See Gleichenia circinata, Sw.
spelunce, R. Br. See Gleichenia circinata, Sw.
tenera, R. Br. See Gleichenia flabellata, R. Br.
| THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 93
PAGE.
GoNIOPHLEBIUM—from gonia, an angle, and phleps, a vein.
subauriculatum, Presl. See Polypodium subauriculatum,
R. Br.
verrucosum, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Polyrodium
verrucosum, Wall.
Gonroprerrs—from gonia, an angle, and pteris.
Ghiesbrechtii, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Polypodium
Hill, Baker.
Kennedyi, F.v. M. See Polypodium urophyllum, Wall.
lineata, Bedd. See Polypodium urophyllum, Wall.
pecilophlebia, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Polypodium
peecilophlebium, Hook. .
prolifera, Presl. See Polypodium proliferum, Presl.
urophylla, Presl. See Polypodium urophyllum, Wall.
GRaMMITIS— ;
ampla, F.v. M. Large fronded ... cow ti:
australis, R. Br. See Polypodium australe, Metten.
Billardieri, Willd. See Polypodium australe, Metten.
blechnoides, Grev. See Polypodium blechnoides, Hook.
fasciculata, Blume. See Polypodium Hookeri, Brack,
heterophylla, Labill. See Polypodium grammitidis, R. Br.
leptophylla, Sw. Slender leaved ... 71
Gymnogramme leptophylla, Desy.
Muelleri, Hook. Mueller’s. eee ae scion 78!
Gymnogramme Muelleri, Hook.
pinnata, F. v. M. Pinnate oC ae eta VGE
Gymnogramme pinnata, Hook.
Hemionitis elongata, Brack.
Dictyogramme pinnata, T. Moore.
Reynoldsii, F. v. M. Reynold’s ... oe, ye
Notholena Reynoldsti, F. v. M.
rutefolia, R. Br. Rue-leaved ay Bef Hee ft
Gymmogramme rutefolia, Hook.
Gymnogramme Pozoi, Kunze.
Gymnogramme subglandulosa, Hook.
Gymnogramme papaverifolia, Kunze. :
GyMNOGRAMME—from gymnos, naked, and gramma, writing
appearance of sori.
Brownei, Kuhn. See N otholena vellea, R, Br.
elliptica, Baker. See Grammitis ampla, F. v. M.
-leptophylla, Desy. See Grammitis leptophylla, Sw.
Muelleri, Hook. See Grammitis Muelleri, Hook.
papaverifolia, Kunze. See Grammitis rutefolia, R. Br.
pinnata, Hook. See Grammitis pinnata, F. v. M.
Pozoi, Kunze. See Grammittis rutefolia, R. Br.
rutzfolia, Hook. See Grammitis rutefolia, R. Br.
subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev. See Grammitis rutefolia,
R. Br.
94 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
. PAGE.
HELMINTHOSTACHYS—
zeylanica, Hook. Ceylon. And basieerameeers (21
Hrmionrris—from hemionos, a mule.
elongata, Brack. See Grammitis pinnata, Fv. M.
Hemrrenia—
Godefroyi, Luerss. A doabet species
Macarthurii, F. v. M. See Cyathea Macarthurii, F. v. M.
Moorei, Baker. C. Moore’s o33
Humara—The derivation unknown, or perhaps from humatus,
humid, in opposition to Adiantum,
pedata, J. Sm. See Davallia pedata, Sm.
Hyproatossum—from hydor, water, and glossa, a tongue.
scandens, Presl. See Lygodium reticulatum, Schkuhr.
Hymerno.teris—from hymen, a membrane, and lepis, a scale.
spicata, Presl. See Acrostichum spicatum, Linn.
Hymrenopayttum—Film Fern.
crispatnm, Wall. See Hymenophyllum javanicum, Spr.
cupressiforme, Labill, See Hymenophyllum tunbridgensi
Sm. -
demissum, F’. v. M. See Hymenophyllum javanicum, ep
flabellatum, Labill. Fan-shaped. ... aa = -o0
Hf. nitens, Re Br.
flabellatum, "R. Br. See Hymenophyllum j javanicum, Spr.
Gunnii, Bosch. See bey eas rarum, R. Br.
javanicum, Spreng. Java wee, BO
Hf. crispatum, Wall. | :
HH. demissum, F. v. M. Fragm. V.
H, flabellatum, R. Br.
marginatum, Hook. et Grev. Margined as .. 380
minimum, A. Rich. Small 31
Moorei. Baker. See Hymenophyllum pumilium, C. Moore
multifidum, Sw. Much cut. 31
nitens, R. Br. See Hymenophyllam flabellatum, Labill.
pumilum, C. Moore. Small 31
H. Moorei, Baker.
rarum, R. Br. rare woe eee BG Bap ah)
H. Gunnii, V. D. Bose.
HI. semibivalve, Hook. et Grey.
semibivalve, Hook, et Grev. See Hymenophyllum rarum,
R. Br.
tunbridgense, Sw. Re sft aiae toll
HT. cupressiforme, Labill. j
Hypo.eEris.
tenuifolia, Bernh. Penden leaved ... 43
fhignekeeslin honor of the zealous botanist, M. Délastre, ‘of
Chatellerant.
aristata, T. Moore. See Aspidium aristatum, Sw.
decomposita, Presl. See Aspidium decompositum, Spr.
flaccida, Bedd. See Polypodium pallidum, ERM
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 95
PAGE.
Linps£A—
concinna, J. Sm. See Lindsea cultrata, Sw.
cultrata, ‘Sw. Knife- shaped. | Af . ae 39
L. concinna, J. Sm.
Davallia brachypoda, Baker.
dimorpha, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. ‘Two-formed eae 59
L, heterophylla, Prentice. |
ensifolia, Sw. Sword-shaped see ae oe Al
LL. lanceolata, Labill.
L. pentaphylla, Hook.
Schizoloma ensifolium, J. Sm.
flabellulata, Dry. Fan-shaped t. 5S ee OD
LI. media, R. Br.
LL polymorpha, Hook. et Grev.
LL. tenera, Dry. |
Fraseri, Hook. Fraser’s. ces es we 40
Schizoloma Fraseri, J. Sm.
heterophylla, Prentice. See Lindsma pasar Bail.
incisa, Prentice. Cut pinne . 40
lanceolata, Labill. See Lindsza cultrata, Sw.
lanuginosa, Wall. Woolly dacs 1% «. 4l
linearis, Sw. Linear _... a4 a OU
lobata, Poir. uobed ...” ... 40
media, R. Br. See Lindsea flabellulata, Dry.
microphylla, Sw. Small-leaved ... .. 40
pentaphylla, Hook. See Lindsa ensifolia, Sw.
polymorpha, Hook. et Grev. See Lindsza flabellulata, Dry.
tenera, Dry. See Lindsza flabellulata, Dry.
trichomanoides, Dry. Trichomanes like be 40)
Lrtoprocm a—The origin doubtful, or perhaps from liphos, a a
stone, and brocha, spots; the areoles of veins like
pavement.
Milneana, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Pteris marginata,
Bory.
tripartita, Presl. See Pteris marginata, Bory.
vespertilionis, Presl. See Pteris inciso, Thumb.
LomaRria—
alpina, Spreng. Alpine sis ap ba .. 48
Stegania alpina, R. Br. :
articulata, F. v. M. See Lomaria euphlebia, Kunze.
attenuata, Willd. Tapering .. 48
auriculata, Baker. See Lomaria Fullageri, F. v. M.
capensis, Willd. Pickled Cabbage Fern... w. AY
Blechnum procerum, Labill.
Stegania minor, R. Br.
Stegania procera, R. Br.
discolor, Willd. Two-colored ao “ish .. 48
Onoclea nuda, Labill,
96 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Lomaria—Continued. PAGE.
Stegania falcata, R. Br.
Stegania nuda, R Br.
elongata, Blume. See Lomaria Patersoni, Spr.
euphlebia, Kunze. Well-veined ... SHC wee 4G
L. articulata.
fluviatilis, Spreng. River ae =: Sor HY)
Stegania fluviatilis, R. Br . |
Fullageri, F.v. M. Fullager oe me we. 49
L. auriculata, Baker. 7
lanceolata, Spreng. Lance-shaped... a dsc, 948
Stegania lanceolata, R. Br. !
Patersoni, Spreng. Paterson’s —... sae coe, AY
L. elongata, Blume.
Stegania Patersoni, R. Br.
procera, Spreng. See Lomaria capensis, Willd.
vulcanica, Blume. it ae ae
Lomariopsis—named from resembling a Lomaria.
Brightie, F. v. M.,in Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Acros-
tichum sorbifolium L. var. leptocarpum.
Lycopium. Snake Fern.
japonicum, Sw. Japan ... sa. Be 4
L. semibipinnatum, R. Br.
microphyllum, R. Br. See Lygodium scandens, Sw.
reticulatum, Schkuhr. Scrub Snake Ferns ... at eH!
Hydroglossum scandens, Prest.
scandens, Sw. Climbing Snake Fern
L. microphyllum, R. Br.
semibipinnatum, R. Br. See Lygodium japonicum, Sw.
Maratria—
fraxinea, Sm. Potatoe Fern
M. salicina, Sm.
salicina, Sm. See Marattia fraxinea, Sw.
Menisclum—trom meniskos, a crescent; sorus.
cuspidatum, Blume., was oncé thought identical with Poly-
podium urophyllum, Wall.
Kennedyi, F. v. M. See Polypodium urophyllum, Wall.
proliferam, Hook. See Polypodium proliferum, Pr.
Merrensia—tIn honor of F. CO. Mertens.
dichotoma, Willd. See Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.
Microter1a—trom mikros, small, and lepis, a scale; indusium.
spelunce, T. Moore. See Davallia spelunce, Baker.
Monocramne.
Junghuhnii, Hook. Junghuhn’s ... ie ade, Hp
Diclidopteris angustissima, Brack.
Nepraropium—from nephros, a kidney; form of indusium.
abruptum, Presl. See Aspidium molle, var. truncatum
apicale, Baker. See Aspidium apicale, Baker.
confluens, I. v. M. See Aspidium confluens, Metten.
48
see ts 71
ene «24
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
Neprropium—Continued.
decompositum, R. Br. See Aspidinm decompositum, Spr.
didymosorum, Bedd. See Aspidium molle, Sw.
exaltatum, R. Br. See Aspidium exaltatum, Sw.
hispidum, “Hook. See Aspidium hispidum, Sw.
lancilobum, Baker. See Aspidium decompositum, Spr.
molle, R. Br. See Aspidium molle, Sw.
obliteratum, R. Br. See Aspidium ramosum, Beauv. |
propinguum, R. Br. See Aspidium unitum, Sw.
pteroides, J. Sm. See Aspidium pteroides, Sw.
setigerum, Hook. et Baker. See Polypodium pallidum,
Brack.
tenericaule, Hook. See Polypodium pallidum, Brack.
tenerum, R. Br. See Aspidium tenerum, Spr.
terminans, Hook. See Aspidium pteroides, Sw.
truncatum, Presl. See Aspidium molle var. truncatum.
unitum, R. Br. See Aspidium unitum, Sw.
Nepuroieris—from nephros, and lepis; shape of scale or in-
dusim.
altescandens, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Aspidium
ramosum, Beauv.
cordifolia, Presl. See Aspidium cordifolium, Sw.
exaltata, Schott. See Aspidium exaltatum, Sw.
obliterata, Hook. See Aspidium ramosum, Beauv,
ramosa, T. Moore. See Aspidium ramosum, Beauv.
repens, Brack. See Aspidium ramosum, Beauy.
tuberosa, Presl. See Aspidium cordifolium, Sw.
Nevrosor1a—from neuron, a nerve, and sorus, the fructifi-
cation.
pteroides, Metten. See erostichatn pteroides, R. Br.
NipHosoLus—trom niphobolas, covered with snow; the starry
scales.
acrostichoides, Bedd. See Polypodium acrostichoides,
Forst.
confluens, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Polypodium serpens,
Forst.
puberulus, Blume. See Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst.
rupestris, Kaulf. See Polypodium serpens, Forst.
NorHoLana— |
Brownei, Desv. See Notholena sap R. Br.
distans, R. Br. Distant...
Cheilanthes distans, D. Braun.
fragilis, Hook. Fragile ... Hey
Cheilanthes fragillima, F. v. M.
lanuginosa, Poir. See Notholena vyellea, R. Br.
lasiopteris, F. v. M. See Notholeena vellea, R. Br.
paucijuga, Baker. See Notholena see R. Br.
pumilio, R. Br. Small
LV. pancijuga, Baker.
)
97
PAGE.
70
79
69
98 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
NotHotana—Continued.
Reynoldsii, F. v. M. See Grammitis Reynoldsii, I’. v. M.
vellea, R. Br. .Woolly ... Bok Son | Se
Acrostichum lanuginosum, Desv.
Acrostichum velleum, Ait.
Cheilanthes vellea, F. v. M.
Gymnogramme Brownei, Kuhn.
Notholena Brownet, Desv.
Notholena lanuginosa, Poir.
Notholena lasiopteris, ¥. v. M.
OnocLE4—from onos, a vessel, and kleio, to inclose; referring
to sori.
nuda, Labill. See Lomaria discolor, Willd.
OputocLossum—aA dder’s-tongue.
costatum, R. Br.*
ellipticum, Hook. et Grev.
gramineum, Willd.
lusitanicum, Linn.
parvifolium, Hook. et Grev.
pendulum, Linn. Ribbon Fern - ae
reticulatum, Linn. Netted. Perhaps some forms of O.
vulgatum belong to this.
vulgatum, Linn. Common Adder’s-tongue ...
Osmunpa—origin doubtful.
barbara, Thunb. ‘See Todea barbara, T. Moore.
ternata, Thunb. See Botrychium ternatum, Sw.
ParkEeR1a—lIn honor of C. 8. Parker, who first found the plant
at Essequibo.
pteridioides, "Hook. See Ceratopteris thalictroides,
Brongn.
Prtuaa—from pellos, black ; dark color of stipites.
falcata, Fée. See Pteris falcata, R. Br.
geraniifolia, Fée. See Pteris geraniifolia, Raddi.
nitida, Baker. Supposed Cheilanthes caudata, R. Br.
nudiuscula, Hook. See Cheilanthes tenuifolia, var.
paradoxa, Hook. Sce Pteris paradoxa, Baker.
rotundifolia, Hook. See Pteris falcata, var.
seticaulis, Hook. Pteris falcata, R. Br.
PuymatopEs—alluding to the swelled base of stipes from
phyma, a tumour, or from phymata, tubercles; the im-
pressed sori, giving the appearance of tubercles on the
upper side of frond.
Billardieri, Presl. See Polypodium pustulatum, Forst.
PLaTycERIUM— .
alcicorne, Desv. Elk’s Horn
Acrostichum alcicorne, Sw.
P. Hill, T. Moore.
@eo
PAGE.
70
20
19
74.
* The various forms of O. vulgatum, Linn. found in Australia, might be
referred as representatives of all these species, except O. pendulum, Linn.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 99
PLATYCERIUM— Continued. Sot
grande, J. Sm. Stag’s Horn is wo. §=74
Hillu, T. Moore. See Platycerium aleicorne, Desy.
Piatynoma—from platy’s broad, and loma, a margin.
Brownii, J.Sm. See Pteris paradoxa, Baker.
falcatum, J.Sm. See Pteris falcata, R. Br.
rotundifolium, J. Sm. See Pteris falcata, R. Br.
PLatyzoma—
microphyllum, R. Br. Braid Fern... At tie 520
Gleichenia platyzoma, F. v. M.
PLEOPELTIS—from pleosg, full, and pelte, ashield; full of scales.
irioides, I’. Moore. See Polypodium irioides, Poir.
lanceola, Bail. Queensl, Ferns. See Polypodium simpli-
cissimum, F. v. M. ,
phymatodes, T. Moore. See Polypodium phymatodes,
Linn. r
pustulata, T. Moore. See Polypodium scandens, Forst.
PaciLopreris—from poikilos, checkered ; alluding to the veins.
repanda, Presl. See Acrostichum repandum, BI.
Potyrpopium—Polypody. 7
acrostichoides, Forst. wa Ht Ae oss 66
Niphobolus acrostichoides, Bedd.
. Niphobolus puberulus, Blume.
acrostichoides, Sieb. See Polypodium confluens, R. Br.
angustatum, Hook. See Polypodium confluens, ’R. Br.
aspidioides, Bail. Shiny Fern... .. 64
attenuatum, R. Br. Tapering ae aa ra 66
Dictyopteris attenuata, Presl.
P. Brownianum, Spreng.
P. Brownii, Desv.
aureum, Linn. (Golden. There seems to be great doubts
about this being Australian.
australe, Metten. Southern. ba Efe eee G2
Grammitis australis, R. Br.
Gramnutis Billardieri, Willd.
Polypodium diminutum, Baker.
Beckleri, Hook. Dr. Beckler’s. See Aspidium ramosum,
Beauv.
Billardieri, R. Br. See Se Lege Forst.
blechnoides, Hook. Blechnum-like.. . 63
Grammitis blechnoides, Grev.
Polypodium contiguum, Brack.
Brownianum. See Polypodium attenuatum, R. Br.
Brownii, Desv. See Polypodium attenuatum, R. Br.
capense, Linn. See Aspidium capense, Willd,
confluens, R. Br. Confluent ay ee OG
P. acrostichoides, Sieb.
P. glabrum, Metten,
confluens, Hook. See Polypodium‘serpens, Forst.
100 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
_ Potyepopium—Continued. - PAGE.
- contiguum, Brack. See Polypodium blechnoides, Hook,
dichotomum, Thunb. See Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.
diminutum, Baker. See Polypodium australe, Metten.
diversifolium, R. Br. See Polypodium rigidulum, Sw.
diversifolium, Willd. See Polypodium pustulatum, Forst.
‘Serco, Blume. See Polypodium rigidulum, Sw.
glabrum, Metten. See Polypodium confluens, R. Br.
grammitidis, R. Br. Grammitis-like eee a8 63
Grammitis heterophylla, Labill.
Xiphopteris heterophylla, Spreng.
Hillii, Baker. W. Hill’s Polypody tee 500)
Goniopteris Ghiesbrechtit, Bail. Queensl. Ferns.
Hookeri, Brack. Hooker's * we on 103
P. setigerum, Hook. et Arn.
iridoides, Poir. Iris-leaved ee 5th beep ay)
Pleopeltis irioides, T. Moore.
Kennedyi, F. v. M. See Polypodium urophyllum, Wall.
lanceola, F. v. M. See Polypodium simplicissimum,
F. v. M.
Linnei, Bory. Queensl. Ferns. See Polypodium querci-
folium, Linn.
membranifolium, R. Br. See Polypodium nigrescens, Bl.
molle, Jacq. See Aspidium molle, Sw.
nigrescens, Blume. Blackish oor is 4 G7
pallidum, Brack. ae ss se case 264
phymatodes, Linn. Scented Polypody wae mae Oe
Pleopeltis phymatodes, T. Moore.
pecilophlebium, Hook. Various veined aC tae “00
Goniopteris pecilophlébia, Bail. Queens]. Ferns.
proliferum, Presl. Proliferous nek Oe sop 2S)
Goniopteris prolifera, Presl.
Meniscium proliferum, Hook.
punctatum, Thunb. Dotted Bracken ce woe §=64
P. rugosulum, Labill.
P. rugulosum, Hook.
pustulatum, Forst. Blistered “534 oes pea, (Od
P. scandens, Labill. .
P. Billardiert, R. Br.
P. diversifolaum, Willd.
Phymatodes Billardiert, Presl.
pustulatum, Schk. See Polypodium scandens, Forst.
quercifolium, Linn. Oak-leaved ... ty se 100
P. Innnei, Bory.
Drynaria, Lines: Bail, Queensl. Ferns.
Drynaria, quercifolia, J. Sm. 7
rigidulum, Sw. Stiff ... ere eee w- 68
P. diversifolium, R. Br.
P. Gaudichaudii, Blume.
Drynaria diversifolia, J. Sm.
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. 101
Potypopium—Continued. — PAGE
rufescens, Blume. See Polypodium aspidioides, var.
tropica.
rugosulum, Labill. See Polypodium punctatum, Thunb.
rugulosum, Hook. See Polypodium punctatum, Thunb.
rupestre, R. Br. See Polypodium oe Forst.
scandens, Forst. Climbing ore
Pleopeltis pustulata, T. Moore.
scandens, Labill. See Polypodium SE Forst.
serpens, Forst. Tongue Fern we sae > 50,0
P. confluens, Hook.
P. rupestre, R. Br.
Niphobolus confluens, Bail. Queensl. Ferns.
Niphobolus rupestris, Kaulf.
setigerum, Hook. et Arn. See Polypodium Hookeri,
Brack.
simplicissimum, F. v. M. Simple Fronded ... . 67
P. lanceola, F. v. M.
Pleopeltis lanceola, Bail. Queensl. Fern.
spelunce, Linn. See Davallia spelunce.
subauriculatum, Blume. LEHared pinne oer sic Aster
Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Presl. ;
tenellum, Forst. Delicate ea ee oe 63
Arthropteris tenella, J. Sm. : |
urophyllum, Wall. ‘Tailed pinne ... a)
Goniopteris Kennedyi, Bail. Queensl. Ferns.
Goniopteris urophylla, Presl.
Polypodium Kennedyi, F. v. M.
Meniscium Kennedyi, F. v. M.
verrucosum, Wall. Warted oes pi Asay clots:
Gontophlebium verrucosum, Bedd.
Poxrystienum—tfrom Polys, many, and stichos, a row;
numerous spore-cases.
coriaceum, Schott. See Aspidium capense, Willd.
vestitum, Presl. See Aspidinm aculeatum, Sw.
Preris—Bracken. *
aquilina, Linn. Common bracken ... nee ... 46
P. esculenta, Forst.
arguta, F.v. M. See Pteris tremula, R. Br.
Brownii, Desy. See Pteris geraniifolia, Raddi.
comans, Forst. Bushy bracken... be sea EP
P, Endlicheriana, Agardh. :
P. microptera, Metien.
crenata, Sw. See Pteris ensiformis, Burm.
Endlicheriana, Agardh. See Pteris comans, Forst,
ensiformis, Burm, Sword-shaped . a woe (40
P. crenata, Sw.
esculenta, Forst. See Pteris aquilina, Linn.
falcata, R. Br. Har Fern ae fe we 45
102 THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
PrEeris— Continued.
Pellea, falcata, Fée.
Pellawa seticaulis, Hook.
Platyloma falcatum, J. Sm.
Felicienne, F. vy. M. See Pteris marginata, Bory.
geraniifolia, Raddi. Geranium leaved S60
P. Brownit, Desv.
P. nedata, R. Br.
Pellea geraniefolia, Fée.
incisa, Thunb. Batswing Fern
P. vespertilionis, Labill.
Litobrochia vespertilionis, Presl.
longifolia, Linn. Long-leaved
marginata, Bory. Bordered
P. Felicienne, ¥. v. M.
P. Milneana, Baker.
P. tripartita, Sw.
Lntobrochia Milneana, Bail. Queensl. Ferns.
Lntobrochia tripartita, Pres].
microptera, Metten. See Pteris comans, Forst.
Milneana, Baker. See Pteris marginata, Bory.
nitida, R. Br. See Cheilanthes caudata, R. Br.
nudiuscula, R. Br. See Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.
paradoxa, Baker. Paradoxical ABE
Adiantum paradoxum, R. Br.
Pellea paradoxa, Hook.
Platylona Brownii, J. Sm.
Pieris falcata, F v. M.
pedata, R. Br. See Pteris gerantifolia, Raddi.
quadriaurita, Retz. Four-eared
rotundifolia, Forst. Round-leaved. See Pteris falcata,
R. Br.
tremula, R. Br. Trembling
P. arguta, F. v. M.
tripartita, Sw. See Pteris marginata, Bory.
umbrosa, R. Br. Shade-loving
vespertilionis, Labill. See Pteris incisa, Thunb.
Sacenta—derivation doubtful.
melanocaulon, Bail. Queensl. Ferns. See Aspidium con-
fluens, Metten.
ScHIZHA—
bifida, Sw. Two-cleft
S. jistulosa, R. Br.
bifida, Hook.f. See Schizea fistulosa, Labill.
dichotoma, Sw. Divisions in pairs.. :
fistulosa, Labill. Pipe-like
S. bifida, Hook. f.
Forsteri, Spreng. Forster’s :
rupestris, R.-Br. Rock inhabiting...
PAGE,
44.
46
45
47
44,
46
AG
45
22
23
22
23
22
THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA. . 103
PAGE.
Scuizotoma—from schizo, to cut, and loma, and edge.
ensifolia, J. Sm. See Lindsma ensifolia, Sw.
Fraseri, ‘J. Sm. ‘See Lindsea Fraseri, Hook.
Sracanra—
alpina, R. Br. See Horan alpina, Spreng.
falcata, R. Br. See Lomaria discolor, Willd.
fluviatilis, R. Br. See Lomaria fluviatilis, Spreng.
lanceolata, R. Br. See Lomaria lanceolata, Spreng.
minor, R. Br. See Lomaria capensis, Willd.
nuda, R. Br. See Lomaria discolor, Willd.
Patersoni, R. Br. See Lomaria Patersoni, Spreng.
procera, R. Br. See Lomaria capensis, Willd.
TuamyorrTEeris—from thamnos, a shrub, and pteris, a fern.
_ nidus, Presl. See Aspenium nidus, Linn.
TopEA—
africana, Willd
barbara, T. Moore. Swamp tree Fern wee ates ee
Osmunda barbara, Thunb.
Todea africana, Willd.
Fraseri, Hook. et Grev. Fraser’s ... Ans Soe BYE
Moorei, Baker. Moore’s... Bs sae ok LE
Trichomanes—Bristle Fern
angustatum, Carm. See Trichomanes Se eae Brack.
aplifolium, Presl. a ee DE be eee eae
T. meifolium, Bory.
T. polyanthos, Hook.
calvescens, Bosch. See Trichomanes digitatum, Sw.
caudatum, Brach. Tailed ee As. Me ay
digitatum, Sw. Fingered ah ies sce | 28
T. calvescens, Bosch.
LT’. lancewm, Bory.
feeniculaceum, "Bory. See Trichomanes et at Poir.
javanicum, Blume, Java roe GAY
lanceum, Bory. See Trichomanes digitatum, ‘Sw.
meifolium, Bory. See Trichomanes apiifolium, Bory.
parviflorum, Poir. Fennel Fern. ... Lie: we 30
T. faniculaceum, Bory.
parvulum, Poir. Small . 28 a. ee 28
peltatum, Baker. Tar vet-like oe 27
polyanthos, Hook. See Trichomanes apiifolium, Presi.
pyxidiferum, Linn. a: wen see ey £29
rigidum, Sw. Stiff es oe at)
tenerum, Sw. See Trichomanes candatum, Brack.
venosum, R Br. Veined sar ag pe aS
vitiense, Baker. Viti... si sic Su. we:
yandinense, Bail. Yandina 53 si Sas Ph
VITTARIA—
elongata, Sw. Grass-leaved Fern ... vs Say ete:
104. THE FERN WORLD OF AUSTRALIA.
PA
Woopwarpia—In honor of T. J. Woodward, a British
Botanist.
aspera, Metten. See Doodia aspera, R. Br.
caudata, Cav. See Doodia var. caudata, R. Br.
media, Fée. See Doodia var. media, R. Br.
XIPHOPTERIS—from xyphos, a sword, and pteris a fern shape
of frond of some species.
heterophylla, Spreng. See Polypodium grammitidis,
i Rfpul yin, Soe
INDEX TO ADDENDA.
THE CLUB MOSSES.
Azolla, Linn. ... ics ae ee. gate toll)
A. pinnata, R. Br. nee ae COO
A. rubra, R. Br. 80
Tsoetes, Linn. sen ees Be 80
I. Drummondii, A. Br. ... ee 36 Sey eel)
I. lacustris, Linn. Se oe . 80
Lycopodium, Linn. soe TAS
L. Belangeri, Bory. See Selaginela Belanger Spring.
L. caroliniana, Linn. ; teed @
L. cernuum, Linn. a 17
L. clavatum, Linn. var. fastigiatum, RL BY eel co
L. clavatum, Linn. var. acl rp Hook. See ib
clavatum, Linn. 77
L. concinnum, Sw. See Selaginella « concinna, , Spring.
L. decurrens, R. Br. See ie scariosum, Forst.
L. densum, Labill. Ce FF dd
L. diffusum, R. Br. beh. oblar ss aeie ee C7
L, diffusum, Spring. See L. clavatum, L.
L. Drummondii, Spring. See L. carolinianum, Linn.
L. fastigiatum, R. Br. See L. clavatum, Linn.
L. flabellatum, Linn. See Selaginella flabellata, Spring.
L. gracillimam, Kunze. See Selaginella Preissiana, Spring.
L, laterale, R. Br ae eee 7
ive phlegmaria, Linn. 76
L. scariosum, Forst. 17
L. Selago, Linn. ee site Bc <i, 1.0
L. serpentinum, Kunze. See L. caroliniannum, Linn.
L. tannense, Spring. See Tmesipteris tannensis. Bernh.
L
. uliginosum, Labill. See Selaginella uliginosa, Spring.
4
THE FERN WORLD OF
L. varium, R. Br.
L. volubile, Forst.
Phylloglossum, Kunze.
P. Drummondii, Kunze.
Psilotum, Sw. ...
P. complanatum, Sw.
P. flaccidum, Spring. See P. complanatum, Sw.
P. Forsteri, Endl. See Tmesipteris tannensis, Bernh.
P, triquetrum, Sw.
AUSTRALIA.
eee
eee
P. trucatum, R. Br. See Tmesipteris tannensis, Bernh.
Selaginella, Spring.
S. Belangeri, Spring.
S. concinna, Spring.
S. flabellata, Spring.
S. Preissiana, Spring.
S. uliginosa, Spring.
Tmesipteris, Benrh.
eee
eoe
eee
T. Billardieri, Endl. See T. tennensis, Bernh.
T. Forsteri, Endl. See T. tannensis, Bernh.
T. tannensis, Brenh.
T. truncata, Desv. See T. tannensis, Bernh.
105
PAGE.
76
7
80
79
79
79
78
79
78
78
18
78
79
79
Uy
LQp,
pS S —
A
SAASN
ty
WY
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to the Farm, and the Fruit and Flower Garden.
THE GARDEN AND THE ORCHARD. Ss. d.
Gardening for Profit; a guide to the successful cultivation of’ the
market and family Garden, by Peter Henderson i 9° <6
- The Flower Garden in Queensland ; containing concise and practical
instructions on the cultivation of the Flower Garden and the
management of pot plants in Australia, by A. J. Hockings ;
Queensland Garden Manual; containing concise directions for the
cultivation of the Garden, Orchard, and Farm in eee by
A J. Hockings.. 3
Gardening for Pleasure ; a ‘Guide to the Amateur in “the Fruit,
Vegetable and Flower Garden, &c., by P. Henderson .. fe 10
Beeton’s Book of Garden Management ner inh 9
ves 8
1
—
=r)
Johnsons Gardener’s Dictionary with Supplement
The Flower Garden; by E. 8S. Delamer
Familiar Garden Flowers ; by F. E. Hulme, F. L.S.F.S.A. described
by 8. Hibberd, vols, 1 and 2each ... A: 15
The Orchard and Fruit Garden; by E. Watts ... ie a ae 1
In-door plants and How to grow them by E. A. Maling 1
Australian Gardener; an epitome of Horticulture &e., a William
Adamson 2
Gardening for the Million and Amateur’s and Cottager’ s “Guide, by
George Glenny, F.R.H.S. 1
The Fruit Garden ; a practical Guide to the planting of Fruit trees,
by William Clars son, F.L.S. 1
THE FARM AND PLANTATION.
How to Farm Profitably, by A. Mechi... ... 6/6 and 2
The Farmers’ Manual, A Treasury of Information on the Horse,
Pony, Mule, Ass, Cow-keeping, Sheep, Pigs, Honey Bee, Poultry,
&c., by Martin Doyle 1
Small Farms and How they ought to be Managed, by Martin Doyle 1
Our Farm of Four Acres, How we managed it, and How it grew
into one of Six Acres Foe ae s
won CF Dm WW WORD @&
for)
Oo we
: 2
The Farm and Selection, by A. Lincolne sh i 1
Mackay’s Semi- -tropical Agriculturist ase see a sa 60
Mackay’s Sugar Cane in Queensland ... At ae 7
THE VINEYARD.
The Grape Culture; Fuller ... 8
American Grape Growing and Wine Making, by Geor ge “Husmann 10
THE APIARY AND POULTRY YARD.
Handy Book of Bees, by A. Pettigrew
A Manual of Bee Keeping, by J. Hunter
Langstroth on the Honey Bee
Bird Keeping, by C. E. Dyson a
The Poultry Yard, by Miss E. Watts ...
Burnham’s New Poultry Guide
The Henwife, by Mrs. Arbuthnott oe he
Illustrated Book of Poultry, by Lewis Wright
STANDARD WORKS ON BOTANY.
Balfour’s Elements of Botany one ik +e ar +
Balfour’s Class Book of Botany es Nad 53 se ab
Paxton’s Botanical Dictionary nae He eae ee 0)
lor ore SUR or)
om
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NPD ROR
ow
ARHOWAAAANA
oom
Riese leit I Na aa te ae.
New York Botanical Garden Library
Sede eee
STANDARD WORKS ON BOTA] i | TO i
Bentham’s Flora Australiensis, 7 vols. . ne we LUO U
Brown’s Manual of Botany ... . 15 6
First Forms of Vegetation, by Rev. H. “Macmillan, LL.D. FE. R.S.E. 7 6
Fragmenta Phytogrophis Australie contulit Ferdinandus Mueller
10 vols. ... 130 0
Maunder’s Treasury of Botany, a Popular Dictionary of the Vege:
table Kingdom, &c., Cloth, 2 vols. ... ; re foo) LODO
Calf do. ee ws 205 20
FERNS AND WILD FLOWERS.
Familiar Wild Flowers, by F. E. Hulme, F.L.8., F.S.A. . 15 6
The Poisonous, Noxious, and Suspected Plants of our fields and
woods, by Annie Pratt sts ae a “He 4 6
Trees and Ferns, by #. G. Heath - née oe ne 4 6
Our Woodland Trees, by I’. G. Heath .. ee ces en to 0
The Fern Paradise, by KF. G. Heath .., waa ae re elo’ 66
Sylvan Spring, by F. G. Heath ne =r os 80
NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES FOR THE COUNTRY.
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
TOWN POSTED.
The Farmer sale Mee nat aun ta, 42 6 3
9
Field was soe sa ‘Ae .. 46 0 50 6
Gardening Chronicle | mS Ae me a. B84 6 39 0
Gardening Magazine oe aes sag one LL 46 22 0
Land and Water Ret be iH ae .. 46 0 50 6
Live Stock Journal Bo BOD He .. 23 0 27 «6
Floral World ay ci ba eo ee ee 12980
Florist and Pomologist Ae As ue ee HL Oy 20 18 0
Sugar Cane Be Boy he oY) 24 0
American Cultivator ‘and Country Gentleman ta) 20 0 30 6
American Agriculturist es pe a oe eld 8) 14 0
0 24 0
American Horticulturist sey aan Bfese ae “PAO
of His Excellency
Under the
the Governor.
Patronage
George Street, Brisbane.
Voery flescyiption of G avviages itt Stosh,
aml mate to opie,
ALL PERSONS WANTING
s E EDS OR PLANTS g
can obtain, GRATIS, a copy of m i, P
> RICBY'S BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED i 34
é at deners’
AND CATALO
ek applying at his Establishment
‘NSLAND.
QUE
y
; py, lll. RP Laie 5 Vl | 5 mm
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