ISSN 0738-9388
Cl
,741$
Volume: XXXII
January 13, 2000
Number: 1
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scon
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor
Business Manager
Photographer
Kay Klaus
Kay Klaus
Carole M. Hertz
Jules Hertz
David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
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Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New- York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scon
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index. html Email: anhertz@pacbell.net Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
The Atlantidae - a Poorly-Known Group
Dr. Roger Seapy of California State University, beautiful group of pelagic gastropods, the Atlantidae with
Fullerton, will give a program on the very poorly-known and images of these tiny, unique creatures from the deep ocean.
Meeting date: January 20, 2000
Shells of the month: pelagic gastropods
CONTENTS
Club news 2
Correction to Skoglund (1999) “The genus Alexania (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) in the Golfo de California, Mexico” 2
Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847 (Bivalvia: Spondylidae) in the Panamic Province, with notes on the
occurrence of Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
Carol Skoglund 3
New distributional record for Favartia (Murexiella) mildredae Poorman, 1980 (Gastropoda: Muricidae)
Barbara W. Myers 9
Book news: Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan, Volume I
by Higo, Callomon & Goto, reviewed
Henry W. Chaney, reviewer 11
Fourth annual gathering Southern California Unified Malacologists (SCUM) 11
Conchologists of America grants 12
Page 2
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(l); 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - November 18, 1999
Secretary Kim Hutsell opened the meeting at 7:30
p.m. by welcoming everyone. He presented the slate of
officers and opened nominations from the floor. The
slate for the year 2000 presented by the nominating
committee was voted in unanimously: President, Mike
Mason; Vice-president, Kim Hutsell; Recording
Secretary, Silvana Vollero; Corresponding Secretary,
Mark Scott; Treasurer, Linda Hutsell.
Carole Hertz announced the new Berry Supplement
at $15.00 per copy. Margaret Mulliner announced there
were no new book requests for the library from the
membership. George Kennedy asked how one goes
about requesting a new book and will see Margaret.
Jules Hertz announced the particulars for the Club
Christmas party [see review this page]. Hugh Bradner
announced the Southern California Unified
Malacologists (SCUM) will meet the second Saturday of
January the 9th, at Scripps. Larry Lovell of Scripps will
be moving the mollusk collection after the first of the
year and will be asking for volunteers to help.
Kim Hutsell introduced the speaker for the evening.
Dr. Tom Demere, curator of Paleontology at the San
Diego Natural History Museum. He gave a wonderful,
illustrated talk on field work on the San Diego
Formation. Two to 3 million year old finds were
uncovered behind the Electric building in Balboa Park,
the sea cliffs by Pacific Beach and Tourmaline Surfing
Beach to Crystal Pier. The best exposures are in the
Pacific Beach area which is rich in fossils along with
Mt. Soledad to Pacific Beach, with many spreading
along the Rose Canyon fault. In addition to discussing
other rich areas, he told that the taxonomy of these
fossils have been worked on since Dali (1874) worked
on the first Pliocene invertebrates from the San Diego
Formation. He told the audience what to look for in a
deposit of shell accumulation and how he is interested in
the paleobiological reconstruction of the then
living community based on the dead remains.
A mini-auction of shell books by our own
auctioneer, Carole Hertz, followed the program.
Members Kay Klaus and Margaret Mulliner were the
happy winners of the sale. The meeting was adjourned
at 8:45 to look at the fossil shell displays brought by
Dr. Demere and by Nancy and Bill Schneider. The
wonderful refreshments were provided by the
Chritchlows and Billee Gerr odette. The door prize was
won by Linda Hutsell.
Kay Klaus (for Silvana Vollero)
The Club Christmas Party
Each Club Christmas party always seems even
better than the last. This one was truly special and the
thirty-seven in attendance had a wonderful time.
Members and guests in their holiday attire enjoyed
the social cocktail hour chatting with friends new and
old; the room was lovely with presents under the tree;
and the tables were decorated with Strombus shells
donated by Don and Jean Pisor and filled with
poinsettias by the Hutsells. Master of Ceremonies
Jules Hertz welcomed the group with some very funny
stories and after a delicious dinner, with table wine
provided by the Club, he opened the more formal
proceedings, again with hilarious yams between the
installation of officers and remarks by The Festivus
editor, Carole Hertz and outgoing president Terry
Arnold.
The highlight of the evening was a slide
presentation by member and professional photographer,
Richard Herrmann entitled “San Diego: Beauty in
Every Direction.” The images were outstanding and
Richard’s fine narrative enhanced them. It was
appreciated by all. Following Richard’s program, the
traditional gift exchange was held with much excitement
and laughter. And then the lovely centerpieces were
raffled off to the holder of the winning number at each
table. Members lingered to spend more time with each
other and see all the shell gifts.
It was a great party.
Correction: The editor regrets the error in Skoglund (1999, vol. 31(11): 115, col. 2, para. 1). It should read
“Dr. Rosewater returned the shells to Mert Goldsmith with the name Alexania floridana (Pilsbry, 1945).
Rosewater's (1976) paper on a survey of Panama cites the species from both ends of the Panama Canal. He also
cited the Goldsmith shells as being from the Golfo de California without specifying the species name or mentioning
the collecting locality.”
Vol. XXXII(l): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 3
SPONDYLUS LINGUAEFELIS SOWERBY, 1847
(BIVALVIA: SPONDYLIDAE) IN THE PANAMIC PROVINCE,
WITH NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF
SPONDYLUS NICOBARICUS SCHREIBERS, 1793
CAROL SKOGLUND1
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, California 93105-2936, USA
Abstract: Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847, is reported for the first time on the continental shelf of the
Panamic Province at Isla Jicarita, Golfo de Chiriqui, Panama. It is also the first report of occurrences on several
oceanic islands within the province. These islands include Islas Clarion, Socorro and Roca Parti da in the
Archipielago Revillagigedo, Mexico; Isla de Malpelo, Colombia; and Islas Salvador and Pinta in the Archipielago
Galapagos, Ecuador. Specimens previously reported from the Panamic Province as Spondylus nicobaricus
Schreibers, 1793, are herein considered S. linguaefelis.
Introduction (Plate I, Figure A), Philippines, and northwestern and
northern Australia (Lamprell, 1987). Kaiser (1997)
The previously known distribution of Spondylus reported specimens from the LACM collections, figured
linguaefelis includes the Solomon Islands, Hawaii herein, from the Galapagos as Spondylus sp. (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Spondylus linguaefelis, 14.6 x 14.0 nun, two views. LACM 84-41, S side of Isla Pinta, Islas Galapagos, 15-24 m. Photo: D. K.
Mulliner.
'Mailing address: 3846 E. Highland Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85018, USA.
Page 4
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Vol. XXXn(l): 2000
The color of Spondylus linguaefelis varies widely.
A lot of three specimens taken at 55 m off Lahaina,
Maui, Hawaii (SBMNH 345320) illustrates the color
range of the species from Hawaii. One shell is all
white, a second orange, and a third dark rose. All but
one of the over 50 Panamic Province specimens seen by
me are variations of the dark rose color.
Abbreviations used here are: HC, Jules and Carole
M. Hertz Collection, San Diego, California; KC,
Kirstie L. Kaiser Collection, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico;
LACM, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural
History, Los Angeles, California; PC, Donald L. Pisor
Collection, San Diego, California; SBMNH, Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara,
California; h, height; w, width.
Description of Panamic Province Specimens Studied
Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847.
Synonyms: Spondylus gloriosus Dali, Bartsch &
Rehder, 1938; S. minus Dali, Bartsch & Rehder,
1938; S. kauaiensis Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938.
Spondylus linguaefelis size, not including spines,
h 27.7, w 23.1 mm to h 113.1, w 80.5 mm; shape
variable with substrate. Exterior of numerous slender,
needle-like spines on top valve; partly attached bottom
valve with ruffling on some shells as well as needle-like
spines. Exterior color dark rose with occasional
blotches of yellow or orange on bottom valves of young
specimens. Interior with teeth on bottom valve bifid on
young shells, pronounced in small specimens, fading
with growth and usually not apparent on larger shells.
Inner margin with a broad color band matching exterior
shell color, occasional specimens with a wide brown
inner band. Hinge plate with some brown color.
Material studied
Panamic Province distribution of Spondylus linguaefelis :
Is las Revillagigedo, Mexico
Isla Clarion: three specimens and one broken
valve, h 58.1, w 35.1 to h 80.0, w 66.5 mm;
depth: 15 to 20 m (KC).
Roca Partida: one specimen, h 101.4, w 83.1
mm; depth: 9 to 19 m (KC) (Figure 2).
Isla Socorro: one specimen, h 62.7, w 48.0 mm;
depth: 10 to 11 m (KC). An additional
specimen taken by Donald R. Shasky at Isla
Socorro (SBMNH 345413) is pink with white
on early growth and later growth a dark rose
color. Size: w 29.5 mm, h 34 mm.
This is the first report of the species in the Islas
Revillagigedo, as well as the northernmost occurrence.
L’lle Clipperton [France]
Twenty-two specimens from h 27.7, w 23.1 to
h 113.1, w 80.5 mm; largest shell examined
having both broad inner band and brown hinge
plate; timbones yellow; depth: 9 to 27 m (KC).
An additional specimen, h 68.5, w 62.4 mm, was
taken from 10 to 20 m (HC) (Plate I, Figure B).
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Twenty-four specimens from seven localities
around the island from h 36.0, w 32.8 mm to h
97.3, w 78.3 mm; depth: 20 to 80 m (KC) (Plate
I, Figure C).
Isla Jicarita, Golfo de Chiriqui, Panama
Single live collected specimen, h. 88.1, w 71.2
mm; depth 24 m (Figure 3). This is the first
report of the species on the continental shelf of
the Panamic Province. The shell is unusual in
that the bifid teeth in the lower valve are still
visible at this large size (KC).
Isla de Malpelo, Colombia
One specimen, h 77.2, w 70.8 mm; depth 15 to
26 m. (KC) (Figure 4). This is the first report of
the species from Isla de Malpelo.
Islas Galapagos, Ecuador
Two valves, one from Isla San Salvador taken in
1938 in 66 to 73 m, h 17.1, w 18.1 mm (LACM
38-56) and one from Isla Pinta taken in 1984 in
15 to 24 m, h 14.6, w 14.0 mm (LACM 84-41)
(Figure 1).
Discussion
Spondylus linguaefelis from the Panamic Province
has previously been identified in collections and in the
literature as Spondylus nicobaricus and as Spondylus
gloriosus. Spondylus gloriosus was reported from L’ile
Clipperton [France] by Hertlein & Allison (1966) and
Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970). Keen (1971) listed the
species but did not figure it. Both Kay (1974) and
Vol. XXXD(l): 2000
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Page 5
Figures 2, 3 Spondylus linguaefelis (2) 98.8 x 85.6 mm, Roca Pardda, Islas Revillagigedo, 9-19 m, KC (3) 88.1 x 71.2 mm, Isla Jicarita, Golfo
de Chiriquf, Panama, KC. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Lamprell (1987) synonymized S. gloriosus, S. minus
and S. kuaiensis with S. linguaefelis.
Spondylus nicobaricus was first reported from Isla
del Coco by Shasky (1983). The 12 Shasky Spondylus
lots from Isla del Coco now at the SBMNH were
examined. Shasky’s labels read Spondylus nicobaricus ,
but all are clearly S. linguaefelis. Two specimens in the
Hertz Collection collected and identified by Shasky from
Isla del Coco are also S. linguaefelis. Bernard,
McKinnell & Jamieson (1991) also placed S.
nicobaricus at Isla del Coco based on a personal
communication from M. Montoya. I have not examined
the Montoya material, but since Montoya, Kaiser and
Shasky were on the same trips to Isla del Coco, I am
assuming his specimens are also S. linguaefelis. The
single shell in my collection from Isla del Coco taken by
Gene Everson labeled as S. nicobaricus by Everson is
also S. linguaefelis.
Figure 4. Spondylus linguaefelis , 77.2 x 70.8 mm, Isla de Malpelo,
Colombia, (KC). Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
Page 6
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Vol. XXXn(l): 2000
Conclusion
Spondylus nicobaricus has sharply pointed ribs with
striated interstices (Plate I, Figure D). The color is
usually arranged in radiating rows of dark angular
spots, upon a white ground (Sowerby, 1847). None of
the shells from Isla del Coco examined by me has these
characteristics and all fall well within the range of S.
linguaefelis .
Since all the Spondylus seen by Kaiser on eight
diving trips to Isla del Coco and those seen by me are
the same species, I would, therefore, seriously doubt
that S. nicobaricus is found at Isla del Coco and remove
it from the list of species that occur there.
Acknowledgments
Many people contributed to this paper. My sincere
thanks to all of them. Kirstie L. Kaiser was the diver
who found the specimens in Panama and the offshore
islands and brought the project to my attention. James
H. McLean and Lindsey T. Groves (LACM ), Jules
and Carole M. Hertz, and Donald L. Pisor lent
specimens. Henry W. Chaney made the material at
SBMNH available for study. Paul Valentich Scott read
the manuscript and offered many valuable suggestions.
David K. Mulliner took the excellent photographs.
Literature Cited
BERNARD, FRANK R., S. M. McKINNELL, G. S. JAMIESON
1991. Distribution and zoogeography of the Bivalvia of the
eastern Pacific Ocean. Canadian Special Publication of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 112:1-60: figs. 1-29.
HERTLEIN, LEO GEORGE & EDWIN C. ALLISON
1966. Additions to the molluscan fauna of Clipperton Island.
The Veliger 9(2): 138-140.
KAISER, KIRSTIE L.
1997 The Recent molluscan marine fauna of the Islas
Galapagos. The Festivus 29, Supplement, 67 pp.
KAY, E. ALISON
1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and Shore Fauna of
Hawaii, Section 4: Mollusca. Bishop Museum Special
Publication 64(4): 654 pp, figs. 1-195.
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine Mollusks
from Baja California to Peru. Stanford University
Press, Stanford, Calif, i-xiv + 1064 pp., ca. 4000 figs.,
22 color pis.
LAMPRELL, KEVIN
1987. Spondylus Spiny Oysters of the World. E. J. Brill,
Pub. 84 pp, 30 pis.
SALVAT, B. & J. P. EHRHARDT
1970. Mollusques de L’ile Clipperton. Bulletin du Museum
National D’History Naturelle 2°serie 42(1): 223-231.
SHASKY, DONALD R.
1983. New records of Indo-Pacific Mollusca from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica. The Nautilus 97(4): 144-145.
SOWERBY, G.B.
1847. Monograph of the genera Spondylus , Plicatula, Pedum.
Thesaurus Conchyliorum 1: 417-438 (reprint).
Vol. XXXII(l): 2000
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Page 7
Plate I, Figures A-C: Spondylus linguaefelis . (A) 73.9 X 76.2 mm, Lanai, Hawaiian Islands, on a pipe on a submarine at 73-79 m (240-260
ft), PC. (B) 68.5 x 62.4 mm, SW side L’tle Clipperton, 10-20 m, HC. (C) 58.1 x 60.6 mm, E side of Isla Manuelita, Isla del Coco, KC.
Plate I, Figure D: Spondylus nicobaricus, 67 .4 x 52.9 mm, Singapore, HC. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Vol. xxxn(l): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 9
NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORD FOR
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA) MILDRED AE POORMAN, 1980
(GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE)
BARBARA W. MYERS1
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, California 93105-2936, USA
Introduction
The type locality of Favartia (Murexiella)
mildredae Poorman, 1980, is 5 km south of Tetas de
Cabras, near Bahia San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico (Estero
San Carlos by Poorman). Nine specimens were dredged
from 100 m in October 1976. The holotype is in the Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM
1913, ex Shy Collection) and measures 19.7 x 10.8
mm. One paratype 18.4 x 9.5 mm is in the San Diego
Natural History Museum (SDNHM 91454 formerly TS
511, ex Shy Collection) (Figure 1). Of the other
paratypes, one is in the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM 74901), one is
in the Carol Skoglund Collection (ex Shy Collection) 3
are in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
(SBMNH 345414) (ex Poorman Collection) and two
most likely remain in the Shy Collection. Additional
material has been found in the collections of Donald R.
Shasky of Oceanside, California, and Carol Skoglund of
Phoenix, Arizona, which provide new distributional
information for the species.
Material examined
Three specimens, maximum length: 17.6 mm,
dredged 100 - 200 m, Chatham Bay, Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica, May 1986, Shasky Collection (Figure 2).
1 specimen, 8.0 mm, dredged 70 - 80 m, SW side of
Isla Manuelita, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, March 1984
Shasky Collection (Figures 3, 4).
1 specimen, 18.0 mm, dredged 61-90 m, 3 mi S of
Tetas de Cabras, Sonora, Mexico, November 1981,
Skoglund Collection.
2 specimens, both 129 mm, dredged 120-170 m, NW
of Isla Smith, Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California,
Figure 1. Favartia (Murexiella) mildredae Poorman, 1980, 18.4 mm,
paratype, SDNHM 91454. Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
Mexico, May 1991, C. Skoglund Collection.
1 paratype from type locality, 18.1 mm, C. Skoglund
Collection, ex Shy Collection.
3761 Mt. Augustus Ave, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Page 10
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. xxxn(l): 2000
Figures 2-4. F. (M) mildredae. (2) 17.4 mm, Shasky Collection. Dredged Bahia Chatham, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, from 100 m. (3) 8.0
mm, Shasky Collection. Dredged from 70-80 m, SW side of Isla Manuelita, Isla del Coco. (4) Shasky Collection, same specimen as in Figure
3, showing closeup of the protoconch. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Discussion
I identified four specimens in the Donald R. Shasky
Collection from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, as F. (M.)
mildredae after comparing the specimens with the
paratype in the San Diego Natural History Museum and
figures and description of the holotype. The only other
published record for this species is Bahia de los
Angeles, Baja California, Mexico, from 182 m
(Skoglund, 1983).
Although Poorman described five varices for the
holotype, I found the paratype and the Shasky
specimens to have six. Also there is a moderate anal
sulcus on the Shasky specimens and the paratype, in
contrast to Poorman 's statement "no apparent anal
sulcus.”
The discovery of these four specimens from Isla del
Coco extends the known distribution of F. (M.)
mildredae south more than 2000 km.
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank Donald R. Shasky of Oceanside,
California, and Carol Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona,
for allowing me to study their specimens of Favartia
(Murexiella) mildredae. My thanks to the San Diego
Natural History Museum for the loan of their paratype
of F. (M.) mildredae and for other courtesies and Paul
Scott, of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
for paratype information. Further, my thanks to David
K. Mulliner for the photographs of the specimens and
Carole and Jules Hertz for helpful suggestions.
Literature Cited
POORMAN, LEROY H.
1980. Two new molluscan species (Gastropoda: Muricidae)
from the tropical eastern Pacific. The Veliger 22(4):
361-363, 1 pi.
SKOGLUND, CAROL
1983. Range extensions of Muricidae in the Gulf of California,
Mexico. The Festivus 15(11): 107-108, 4 figs.
Vol. xxxn(l): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 1 1
BOOK NEWS
Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing
Mollusca of Japan
By Shun’ichi Higo, Paul Callomon and Yoshiro Goto
1999. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, Japan.
A4 size, 749 pages.
Domestic agent: Odyssey Publishing, c/o John D.
Jackson, 11558 Rolling Hills Drive, El Cajon,
California 92020. Odyssey@adnc.com. $130.00
The tradition of checklists on Japanese mollusks has
spanned the 20th Century. Of these the most notable
date from the 1952 Checklist and Bibliography of the
Recent Mollusca of Japan by Tokubei Kuroda and
Tadashige Habe which appeared in English, followed by
a more ambitious catalogue by Shun’ichi Higo in 1973
and, 20 years later, by A Systematic List of Mollusca
Shells from the Japanese Islands and the Adjacent Area
by Higo in collaboration with Yoshiro Goto. The scope
of this 1993 work included freshwater and terrestrial
mollusca and remains a useful reference to general
malacology, despite the fact that the text is in Japanese.
The present work, produced in English, is a
refinement on these earlier checklists. As the title
indicates, the authors have restricted their coverage to
marine, shell-bearing mollusks, thus excluding the
nudibranchs and cephalopods. They have followed
previously published taxonomic schemes and have
clearly defined the geographic scope of their coverage
to “the coastal waters of Japan and immediate adjacent
sea areas not separated by any major feature such as a
trench or island chain.” The text is divided into an
informative introduction, a catalogue of species that
contain over 6600 species-level taxa, a bibliography,
two indices listing taxa both in Latin and Japanese, and
a concluding section of distribution maps. This work is
in fact the first of a projected two- volume opus, with the
second installment to contain figures of each species.
Volume Two is slated to appear in 2002
(hopefully). However, even without Volume Two the
present work is of great value to any student of marine
malacology and is absolutely indispensable to Pacific
specialists and serious collectors. The bibliography
alone is worth the price as it is easily the most extensive
ever published on Japanese literature and includes a
review of all the Japanese serials. The catalogue
contains references, not only to species, but to all the
higher taxa as well. The Japanese vernacular names for
each species are given in the Roman alphabet, a change
from all previous works where these names appeared in
kana. While there are minor errors and some curious
bibliographic omissions, this by no means detracts from
the overall value of this work, particularly given its
complexity.
Sumptuously bound in cloth and leatherette, with
slipcase, this work is a credit to its authors and is highly
recommended.
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 2559
Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA
03105-2936
Note: This volume will be available in the Club library
at the January meeting.
FOURTH ANNUAL GATHERING
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA UNIFIED MALACOLOGISTS (SCUM)
Saturday January 15, 2000, Munk Seminar Room- 10 AM
Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093
Host: Hugh Bradner
SCUM is an informal association of professional, in southern California who are active or interested in
amateur, and student malacologists and paleontologists research on mollusks. The continuing purpose of the
AM. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on 01-19-2000
Page 12
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. xxxn(l): 2000
annual gathering is to facilitate contact and keep one
another informed of research activities and
opportunities. There are no dues, officers, or
publications. Previous SCUM gatherings at San Diego
State University (SCUM I, 1997), Natural History
Museum of Los Angeles County (SCUM II, 1998), and
National University, La Jolla (SCUM III, 1999) were
highly successful events.
All persons interested in Recent and/or fossil
mollusks are invited to attend. Presentations and
discussions should be informal and briefly cover
research interests. A slide projector and overhead
projector will be available for those wishing to treat
their work in more detail. Premeeting coffee and
donuts will be provided.
For the lunch break, there are numerous restaurants
and sandwich shops (especially the Cheese Shop) about
a mile south of SIO off La Jolla Shores Dr.
Parking will be available for a $3.00 fee (good
incentive to car pool). Maps and detailed directions to
the meeting place will be provided (maps are also
available on the IGPP home-page: http://igpp.ucsd.edu)
Please contact SCUM IV meeting host Hugh
Bradner privately for further information. Hope to see
you there!
Hugh Bradner, 1867 Caminito Marzella, La Jolla, CA
92037. Tel.: (858) 459-7681; Fax: (858) 459-0657;
E-mail: hbradner@ucsd.edu
CONCHOLOGISTS OF AMERICA GRANTS
CONCHOLOGISTS OF AMERICA (COA) is
pleased to announce its year 2000 program of grants to
support molluscan research. Grants of up to $1,500 will
be available to qualified persons undertaking field or
laboratory research on recent or fossil mollusks.
Awards are made only to citizens or permanent
residents of the Americas or to students attending
graduate school in the United States. Awards are not
made to high school students, and rarely to college
students.
Although proposals of up to $1,500 will be
entertained, grants rarely exceed $1,000, due to the
large number of qualified applicants. Partial funding is
not unusual. For a list of previous grantees, see
<http://coa.acnatsci.org/conchnet/grantees.html > .
THE DEADLINE FOR APPLICATIONS is
February 1, 2000. This is a postmark deadline, not a
receipt deadline.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICATION are at
< http : //coa . acnatsci . org / conchnet/coagrant . html > and
are repeated below.
There is no official application form. Applications
should not exceed six pages single spaced and should
include the following items:
1) title of project;
2) summary of project, not to exceed 150 words;
3) body of the proposal including
a) background information necessary to understand
the project and its significance;
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research;
c) itemized budget of estimated expenses;
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applicant. U8 citizens and residents should include their
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5TUDENT APPLICANTS should also submit a
letter of recommendation from an academic or
professional source. If funding is being requested from
several sources, an overall budget for the project may
be presented, with items and total amount requested
from COA clearly indicated. Normal budget items
include supplies, expendable equipment, and travel
expenses. Grants will not cover salaries, overhead,
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Applications must be sent in TRIPLICATE via
regular mail to:
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Applications are judged by the COA Grants Committee.
Awards will be announced by April 30th.
ISSN 0738-9388
Volume: XXXII
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
February 10, 2000
Number: 2
'LUB OFFICERS
resident
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
CLUB STAFF
Historian Kay Klaus
Librarian Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scon
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http //*•*-* molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Club/index html Email cmhertz@pacbell.net Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Extinction Dynamics of the Late Neogene Pectinidae of California
Travis Smith, who will receive his Masters Diego, will give a slide presentation on the Recent and
Degree in Ecology , Behavior, and Evolution at UC San fossil pectens of California.
Meeting date: February 17, 2000
Shells of the month: Recent and fossil pectens
CONTENTS
Club news 14
New distributional records from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico
Jules Hertz 15
An unusual population of Muricopsis pauxillus (A. Adams, 1854) at Platanitos, Nayarit, Mexico
Carole M. Hertz and Barbara W. Myers 22
2000 low tides for the northern Gulf of California 23
Book news: The Wentletrap Book: Guide to the Recent Epitoniidae of the World by Weil, Brown & Neville
Henry W. Chaney, reviewer 24
Roster for detaching
Page 14
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXD(2): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Club Granted 501C(3) Status By the IRS
The San Diego Shell Club has been a non-profit
organization since its incorporation in January 1969.
All gifts to the Club from that time forward were
considered tax deductible. Recently, however,
questions were raised by the ERS concerning the Club's
non-profit status even though the Club's non-profit
position was grandfathered by its original non-profit
designation.
In December 1999 the Club applied for and
received a letter of determination reaffirming the Club's
status as a non-profit organization under current ERS
regulations. Now, anyone wishing to receive tax credit
for subsequent donations will be provided with the
Club's 501C(3) identification number.
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - January 20, 2000
President Mike Mason welcomed everyone to the
first meeting of the millenium and the minutes of the
January meeting were approved as published in The
Festivus. The membership welcomed out-of-town
member Loewis Deschaine.
Mike announced that the Club was granted its non-
profit status by the federal government [see above] .
Librarian Kay Klaus showed the new books
available in the Club library, the wentletrap book
[reviewed this issue], the new Tom Rice directory and
Volume 1 of Marine Shell Mollusca of Japan [see
review in January issue]. Volume two will be published
later and will contain the plates. Also in the library is
the latest issue of Basteria. Kay also mentioned that the
library is open and available but since the wheels need
to be replaced, it cannot be wheeled into the meeting
room area.
Mike introduced the speaker for the evening, Roger
Seapy of California State University, Fullerton. Roger
spoke on heteropods and told that his interest in this
bizarre group of shells began in graduate school.
The three families in the group are the Atlantidae,
the Carinariidae and the Pterotracheidae (which have no
shell). They are small pelagic animals best identified
using a combination of shell, eye, opercular and radular
characters. His images of these live, transparent animak
were incredible and he explained their anatomy and life
style in a manner easily understood by those in
attendance. These animals are all good predators. There
is only one species of atlantid found off the California
coast.
Roger had a number of handouts of copies of
articles, color plates and other information on the
heteropods for those who were interested.
After the talk, a desk diary and calendar set was
auctioned and won by Kay Klaus. The winner of the
door prize was Karen Mason. The meeting was
adjourned to look at some of the original SEMs for
plates of heteropods that Roger brought in and to enjoy
the refreshments from Carole and Jules Hertz and Linda
and Kim Hutsell.
Silvana Vollero
San Diego Shell Club Auction/Potluck - 2000
Mark your calendars!! The date for the Club’s
annual Auction/Potluck has been set for 1 April 2000.
Does that say something? We’ve been very fortunate,
once again, that Wes Farmer has agreed to host the
event at the clubhouse of his condo. A map will be in
the March issue.
It is definitely not too early to prepare your
donations for the auction. Bring them to the February
or March meetings or arrange for pickup by a board
member. Remember that your donations go to support
the Club’s activities such as The Festivus, donations to
scientific organizations, participation in the Greater San
Diego Science Fair, library purchases and social events.
And plan to come to the auction/potluck. It’s a
great party.
A Generous Donation to the Club
A generous donation by Don and Ursula Shasky of
many cartons of plastic boxes was made to the Club.
The boxes of many different sizes, small and large, and
both new and used will be available for sale at a future
Club meeting. The Club thanks them for their gift.
Vol. XXXH(2): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 15
NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS
FROM BAHIA MAGDALENA, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO
JULES HERTZ1
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico, is
in a transitional zone, where both Panamic and
Californian species can be found. There are no
checklists or other reports on the mollusks that occur
there and the only source of published records is Keen
(1971), with the exception of a few mollusks with type
localities in Bahia Magdalena. Many species that occur
toward the north end of the Golfo de California could be
expected to occur in Bahia Magdalena. Near the
entrance of the bay there are many species characteristic
of the Californian Province, but further within, summer
temperatures can be expected to be higher and the fauna
more typical of that of sheltered bays in the Golfo de
California (McLean, pers. comm.).
The material discussed and figured herein was
collected at Bahia Magdalena on 10 December 1997 by
John Jackson of San Diego, California. He collected it
by shaking rocks and large shells and by scooping
grunge from under rocks at a depth of 9-12 m (30-40 ft)
just inside the entrance (Punta Entrada) to the bay. The
material was given to Kirstie L. Kaiser of Puerto
Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. The larger material was
separated, and I was given the opportunity to sort the
dried grunge for minute species. To my surprise, this
sorting produced a number of new distributional
records. This material is now in the Kaiser Collection.
Figures 1 and 2 are two views of a specimen of
Rissoina (Rissoina) stricta Menke, 1850, a very variable
species. Abbott (1974) placed Rissoina fortis (C.B.
Adams, 1852), R. favilla, R. io, R. gisna, R.
mazatlanica, and R. dina all of Bartsch, 1915, into
synonymy of R. (R.) stricta. Keen (1971) reported R.
(R.) stricta at Cabo San Lucas through the Golfo de
California and south to the Islas Tres Marias, Mexico.
Figures 1, 2. Rissoina (Rissoina) stricta Menke, 1850, 7.2 mm L.
Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Abbott (1974) reported the distribution as the Golfo de
California and the Islas Galapagos, Ecuador. Emerson
(1995) extended the distribution to the Islas
Mailing address: 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Page 16
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXD(2): 2000
Revillagigedo, Mexico, and Shasky (1996) reported the
species at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. The occurrence at
Bahia Magdalena extends the distribution north on the
west coast of Baja California Sur.
Two views of a shell of Folinia insignis (de Folin,
1867), not A. Adams & Reeve, 1850, are shown in
Figures 3 and 4. Ponder (1985) raised Folinia Crosse,
1869, to the genus level and placed Rissoina (Folinia)
signae Bartsch, 1915, into the synonymy of F. insignis.
Keen (1971) listed Panama as the locality for F. signae.
Draper (1974) extended the distribution north to the
upper Golfo de California and south to the Islas
Galapagos. Skoglund and Koch (1995) confirmed the
distribution to Estero Morua, Puerto Peiiasco, Sonora,
Mexico. The occurrence at Bahia Magdalena extends the
distribution to the west coast of Baja California Sur.
Figures 3, 4. Folinia insignis (de Folin, 1867), not A. Adams &
Reeve, 1850, 2.3 mm L. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
A specimen of Vermicularia frisbeyae McLean,
1970 is shown in Figure 5. Keen (1971) reported the
distribution of this species as Bahia de Tenacatita,
Jalisco, Mexico, to El Salvador. Draper (1972)
extended the distribution north to Santa Rosalia, Baja
California Sur, and Keen and Coan (1975) reported it
from near Bahia Kino, Sonora, Mexico. Finet (1994)
reported it from the Islas Galapagos. The finding of this
species at Bahia Magdalena extends the distribution to
the west coast of Baja California Sur.
Figure 6 is an apertural view of Seila assimilata
(C.B. Adams, 1852). Keen (1971) reported the
distribution of this species as the Golfo de California to
Panama. DuShane and Draper (1975) stated the
distribution as Bahia Todos Santos, Baja California
(outer coast), throughout the Golfo de California and
south to the Islas Galapagos, and northern Peru. The
distribution has been extended to include Isla de
Malpelo, Colombia (Birkeland, Meyer, Starnes &
Figure 5. Vermicularia frisbeyae McLean, 1970,5.7 mm L.
Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
Buford, 1975), and Isla Gorgona, Colombia (Cosel,
1984). The lot cited from Bahia Todos Santos (LACM
66-5) has been identified by McLean (pers. comm.) as
Vol. XXXH(2): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 17
Figures 7, 8. Two views of Otollonia fricki (Crosse, 1865), 3.8 mm
diam. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
bristolae (in this case by the narrowest of page
priorities) and in fact is nothing but a worn C. bristolae.
unusually small specimens of S. montereyensis that do
not show the color pattern of S. assimilata. The
occurrence of S. assimilata at Bahia Magdalena is,
therefore, the first found on the west coast of Baja
California.
Figure 6. Seila assimilata (C. B. Adams, 1852), 3.8 mm L. Photo:
D. K. Mulliner.
A specimen of Otollonia fricki (Crosse, 1865) is
shown in Figures 7 and 8. Keen (1971) gave the
distribution of Arene (Otollonia) fricki as Golfo de
California to Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. Hickman
and McLean (1990) raised Otollonia to a genus. This is
the first report of the species on the west coast of Baja
California Sur.
A specimen of Cerithiopsis bristolae Baker, Hanna
& Strong, 1938, is shown in Figure 9. The holotype of
this species is decollate, and was previously only known
from the type locality at Cabo San Lucas, Baja
California Sur. Per Henry W. Chaney, Cerithiopsis
cassi Hertlein & Strong, 1938, is a synonym of C.
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(2): 2000
Page 18
Figure 9. Cerithiopsis bristolae Baker. Hanna & Strong, 1938, 1.8
mm L. Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
Keen (1971) reported Clathurella rigida (Hinds,
1843) as occurring from the Golfo de California to the
Islas las Perlas, Panama. Shasky (1989) extended the
distribution to the Islas Galapagos, Ecuador, and Shasky
(1996) noted its occurrence at Isla Benedicto, Islas
Revillagigedo, Mexico, and Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
It has also been found at L’ile de Clipperton, [France],
by K. L. Kaiser (pers. comm.) The grunge from Bahia
Magdalena yielded two specimens, each 5.0 mm, of C.
rigida with immature lips. One of these is shown in
Figure 10. The specimens were compared with large
lots of material, from juvenile to mature specimens, in
the Carol Skoglund Collection.
In addition to the minute shells discussed above,
some larger shells were found which had not previously
been reported from Bahia Magdalena. Figures 1 1 and
12 are two views of an adult (31.3 mm) specimen of
Muricopsis armatus (A. Adams, 1854). Keen (1971)
reported this species as coming from the Golfo de
Figure 10. Clathurella rigida (Hinds, 1843), 5.0 mm L. Photo: D.
K. Mulliner.
California. Vokes (1988) extended the distribution
south to Panama. This is the first time it has been
reported from the outer coast of Baja California.
Another Muricopsis reported for the first time from
Bahia Magdalena is Muricopsis zeteki Hertlein &
Strong, 1951. Keen (1971) reported it occurring from
Puertecitos near the head of the Golfo de California to
Guayaquil, Ecuador. Radwin & D’Attilio (1976)
extended the distribution to the Islas Galapagos, and
Cantera, et al. (1979) reported it from Isla Gorgona,
Colombia. Gemmell, Hertz and Myers (1980) extended
it north to San Felipe, Baja California. An immature
shell found at Bahia Magdalena is shown in Figures 13
and 14.
Figure 15 is an external view of the two valves of
a 27.3 mm specimen of Chione (Chione) subimbricata
(Sowerby, 1835). Keen (1971) listed the distribution for
this species as La Paz and Guaymas, Golfo de
California, to Bayovar, Peru. Alamo and Valdivieso
Vol. XXXH(2): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 19
Figures 11. 12. Two views of Muricopsis armatus (A. Adams, 1854), 31.3 mm L. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Figures 13, 14. Two views of Muricopsis zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 15.8 mm L. Photos: D. K. Mulliner.
Page 20
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(2): 2000
Figure 15. Exterior of valves of Chione (Chione) subimbricata Figures 16, 17. Two views of Alabina excurvaia (Carpenter, 1857),
(Sowerby, 1835), 27.3 mm L. Photo: D. K. Mulliner. 4.0 mm L. Photos: D. K. Mulliner
(1987) extended the distribution south to Chicama,
Peru, and Finet (1991) reported the species from the
Islas Galapagos. This is the first report of the species on
the west coast of Baja California Sur.
Two additional minute species, previously reported
from Bahia Magdalena, are also figured here. The first,
Alabina excurvata (Carpenter, 1857), is actually Keen’s
Figure 564 (see Keen & Coan, 1975). The specimen
shown here in Figures 16 and 17 looks quite different
from the photograph in Keen. Carpenter’s drawings of
this species (Brann, 1966) illustrate its variability.
Baker, Hanna and Strong (1938) previously reported the
species from Bahia Magdalena. Abbott (1974) placed it
into Finella, but McLean (pers. comm.) believes that it
should remain in Alabina.
The second minute species shown here that has
previously been reported from Bahia Magdalena is
Elephantulum heptagonum (Carpenter, 1857). The
material found by John Jackson had many specimens of
Caecum califomicum Dali, 1885, but only a single
specimen of E. heptagonum. It is shown in Figure 21.
Figure 18. Elephantulum heptagonum (Carpenter , 1857), 2.8 mm
L. Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
Vol. XXXII(2): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to John Jackson and Kirstie Kaiser for
providing the material for study. James H. McLean of
the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History,
Henry W. Chaney and Paul Valentich Scott of the Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History, and Carol
Skoglund all were very helpful in identifying specimens.
I am particularly beholden to David K. Mulliner for his
excellent photographs, particularly for those of the
microshells, to James H. McLean for critically
reviewing the paper, and to Carol Skoglund for
providing comparative material.
LITERATURE CITED
ABBOTT, R. TUCKER
1974. American Seashells. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
New York 663 pp., 24 pis., 6405 figs.
ALAMO V., VICTOR & VIOLETA VALDIVIESO M.
1987. Lista Sistematica de Moluscos Marinos del Peru. Instituto
del Mar del Peru Boletin. Volumen Extraordinario 205
pp, 284 figs.
BAKER, FRED, G DALLAS HANNA & ARCHIBALD M.
STRONG
1938. Some Mollusca of the families Cerithiopsidae, Cerithiidae
and Cyclostrematidae from the Gulf of California and
adjacent waters. Proceedings of the California Academy
of Sciences 23(15): 217-244, pis. 17-23 (May 24).
BIRKELAND, DAVID K„ DAVID L. MEYER, JAMES P.
STAMES & CARYL L. BUFORD
1975. Subtidal communities of Malpelo Island. In Graham, J.B.
(ed.) The biological investigation of Malpelo Island,
Colombia. Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology 176:
55-68 (Jul. 18).
BRANN, DORIS C.
1966. Illustrations to “Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan
Shells” by Philip P. Carpenter. Paleontological Research
Institution, Ithaca, N.Y. Pp.111, 60 pis. (Apr. 1).
CANTERA K., JAIME R„ EFRAIN A. RUBIO R„ FRANCISCO J.
BORRERO, RAFAEL CONTRERAS R., FERNANDO ZAPATA, &
ELIZABETH BUTTKUS
1979. Taxonomla y distribution de los moluscos litorales de la
Isla de Gorgona. En Prahl, H.; F. Guhl & M. Grogl
(Eds.) Gorgona: 141-167. Universidad de los Andes,
Bogota.
COSEL, RUDO von
1984. Moluscos marinos de la Isla de Gorgona (costa del
Pacifico Colombiano). Anales del Instituto de
Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin 14: 175-257,
figs. 1-42.
DRAPER, BERTRAM C.
1972. Check list of shells found in scrapings from Spondylus
princeps taken at a depth of 40 feet, southeast of Santa
Rosalia, Baja California, 1969. The Festivus 3(4): 5-7
(Apr.).
1974. Minute shells - part 6. The Tabulata 7(1): 17-22, figs. 1-
10 (Jan. 1).
DuSHANE, HELEN & BERTRAM C. DRAPER
1975. The genus Seila in the eastern Pacific. The Veliger 17(4):
335-345, figs. 1-30 (Apr. 1).
EMERSON, WILLIAM K.
1995. A zoogeographic summary of the marine mollusks of the
Revillagigedo Islands (tropical eastern Pacific Ocean).
The Festivus 27(1): 3-18, 1 fig. (Jan. 12).
FINET. YVES
1991. The marine mollusks of the Galapagos Islands. In
Matthew J. James (ed.) Galapagos Marine Invertebrates:
253-280. Plenum Press, New York.
1994. The marine molluscs of the Galapagos Islands: a
documented faunal list. Editions du Museum d'Histoire
naturelle de Geneve; 180 pp.
GEMMELL, JOYCE, CAROLE M. HERTZ & BARBARA W.
MYERS
1980. Seastar predation on mollusks in the San Felipe Bay area,
Baja California, Mexico. The Festivus 12(3): 24-55, figs.
1-51 (Mar.).
HICKMAN, CAROLE S. & JAMES H. McLEAN
1990. Systematic Revision and Suprageneric Classification of
Trochacean Gastropods. Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, Science Series 35. 169 pp., 100 figs.
(Nov. 26).
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine Mollusks
from Baja California to Peru. Stanford University Press,
i-xiv + 1064 pp., ca. 4000 figs.
KEEN, A. MYRA & EUGENE V. CO AN
1975. "Sea Shells of Tropical West America": additions and
corrections to 1975. The Western Society of Malacologists
Occasional Paper 1, 66 pp. (Jun. 22).
RAD WIN, GEORGE E. & ANTHONY D'ATTILIO
1976. Murex Shells of the World. An Dlustrated Guide to the
Muricidae. Stanford University Press, 284 pp., 32 pis.,
192 text figs.
SHASKY, DONALD R.
1976. Marine mollusks of Panama Bay. Bulletin of the
American Malacological Union, Inc. for 1975: 47 (May).
SKOGLUND, CAROL & ROBERT KOCH
1995. New distributional information for Panamic Province
Rissooidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda). The Festivus 27(2):
23-28, 1 fig. (Feb. 9).
Page 22
THE FESTIVUS
Volume XXXH(2): 2000
AN UNUSUAL POPULATION OF
MURICOPSIS PAUXILLUS (A. ADAMS, 1854)
AT PLATANITOS, NAYARIT, MEXICO
CAROLE M. HERTZ1
and
BARBARA W. MYERS2
Associates, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
E-mail: cmhertz@pacbell.net
A specimen of a small, almost all-white Muricopsis
was collected by Hertz interti dally on a rock at low tide
(0.33 m) at Platanitos, Nayarit, Mexico in February
1999. The unusual specimen was given to Carol
Skoglund for identification. She noted that she had 12
additional specimens in her collection as Muricopsis sp.
from the same locality. They were found, also
intertidally among rocks, in December 1972.
After comparing these 13 specimens with Panamic
Muricopsis species in the collection of the San Diego
Natural History Museum (SDNHM) and the Skoglund,
Hertz and Myers collections, we determined that the
specimens were a variant form of Muricopsis pauxillus
(Figure 1).
Comparison of the protoconchs of the Skoglund and
Hertz specimens with that of M. pauxillus showed them
to be the same, both with 1 xh strongly angulate whorls,
tilted opposite to succeeding whorls with a cord at the
shoulder (Figure 2). This can be compared with the
protoconch of M. pauxillus illustrated in Radwin &
D’Attilio (1976: 170, fig. 108).
The spiral sculpture of the thirteen white specimens
is scarcely lamellose. Mature specimens have an all-
white aperture and are noded at the varices, rarely with
Figure 1 . Muricopsis pauxillus , 14.6 mm, a white variant form of the
species from Platanitos, Nayarit, Mexico, Skoglund Collection.
Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
1 Mailing address: 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
2 Mailing address: 3761 Mt. Augustus Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Vol. XXXII(2): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 23
a spine. The other M. pauxillus specimens are scaly,
form short, sharp spines at the varices, and have an
aperture color from deep mauve to off-white, showing
spiral bands within.
Interestingly, the study of 17 lots of M. pauxillus in
the SDNHM from Jalisco, Nayarit and Sonora, Mexico,
as well as specimens in the Hertz and Skoglund
collections, revealed no other all-white specimens.
Our appreciation is extended to Carol Skoglund for
making her specimens available for study, to David K.
Mulliner for the photo of the variant specimen, and to
Joyce Gemmell for the camera lucida drawing of the
protoconch of a Platanitos specimen.
LITERATURE CITED
RAD WIN, GEORGE E. & ANTHONY D’ATTILIO
1976. Murex Shells of the World. An Illustrated Guide to the
Muricidae. Stanford University Press, 284 pp., 32 pis.,
192 text figs.
Figure 2. M. pauxillus , protoconch of a 7.0 mm specimen in the
Skoglund Collection from the same locality. Drawn with the aid of a
camera lucida attachment on a Wild microscope (x 50). Drawing:
Joyce Gemmell.
2000 LOW TIDES FOR THE NORTHERN GULF OF CALIFORNIA
The entries below show periods of low tides of -4.0
feet and below. The times of low tides are given in
Mountain Standard Time. To correct for San Felipe,
subtract one hour from listed times which are for
Puerto Penasco (San Felipe is on Pacific Standard
Time). Tides below the midriff of the Gulf cannot be
estimated using these entries. All entries are
approximated times and tides.
Feb. 17
6:30 pm
-4.2
May 4
7:45 am
-4.5
Aug. 1
8:30 am
-4.0
Feb. 18
7:15 pm
-5.0
May 5
8:15 am
-4.4
Aug. 28
7:00 am
-4.0
Feb. 19
8:00 pm
-5.3
June 1
6:30 am
-4.1
Aug. 29
7:45 am
-4.2
Feb. 20
8:45 pm
-4.3
June 2
7:10 am
-4.4
Aug. 30
8:10 am
-4.0
Mar. 5
7:15 pm
-4.0
June 3
8:00 am
-4.7
Nov. 11
7:10 pm
-4.2
Mar. 6
8:00 pm
-4.0
June 4
8:45 am
-4.2
Nov. 12
8; 00 pm
-4.1
Mar. 18
7:15 pm
-4.2
July 1
7:15 am
-4.2
Dec. 9
6:00 pm
-4.0
Mar. 19
8:00 pm
-4.1
July 2
8:00 am
-4.6
Dec. 10
7:00 pm
-4.6
Apr. 5
8:00 am
-4.2
July 3
8:40 am
-4.3
Dec. 11
7:45 pm
-5.0
Apr. 6
8:30 am
-4.2
July 30
7:15 am
-4.2
Dec. 12
8:30 pm
-4.3
May 3
7:00 am
-4.1
July 31
8:00 am
-4.6
Page 24
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(2): 2000
BOOK NEWS
The Wentletrap Book: Guide to the Recent Epitoniidae
of the World
By: Art Weil, Leonard Brown and Bruce Neville
1999. Evolver srl, Rome, Italy. 244 pages, 70 color
plates, 507 figures.
Price: $120.00.
Agent: Evolver srl. Via C. Federici 1, 00147 Rome,
Italy. Domestic Agent: Mai de Mer Enterprises, P.O.
Box 482, West Hempstead, NY 11552, USA. E-mail:
maldemer@masdemer . com
This is a book for collectors, by collectors. It
covers a particularly exasperating family (taxonomically
speaking) of exquisite shells, which until now has not
been dealt with on a global scale, unless one goes back
to Lovell Reeve (1873-74) or G. B. Sowerby (1844).
Most of the wentletraps are small, diverse, almost
invariably white and look the same to a casual observer
or even an impatient collector. Recent monographic
coverage of the epitonids has been the regional
monographs of Helen Dushane (primarily the eastern
Pacific) and Richard Kilbum (Southern Africa). They
still remain indispensable.
The present work consists of a short introduction
(written somewhat idiosyncratically), a series of eight
chapters in which taxa are arranged regionally and by
structural similarity, two major appendices, one
grouping nominal names by authors and the other
presenting descriptions of the myriad genera and
sub genera which have been created in the Epitoniidae.
The bibliography is adequate only in coverage of
the major works and does not cite all the authors listed
in the appendices.
The authors have endeavored to figure as many
species as possible and by their estimate have included
more than 80% of the described taxa. Each figure has
a brief narrative, which mentions distinguishing
characters, size, and distribution. These accounts are
not necessarily consistent but are informative. Many of
the figures used are of type specimens and are
vouchered. The photographs were taken by the senior
author, who bears responsibility for their varying
quality. In some cases, original figures, either
engravings or earlier photographs, were adapted for use
here.
This book can be recommended to collectors
interested in the Epitoniidae because despite any
deficiencies in the text or presentation it represents an
advance in the coverage of this group and is not likely
to be superseded in the foreseeable future. “The
Wentletrap (sic) Book” is bound in the black glossy
boards, which seems to be the hallmark of mollusk
books from Italian publishers.
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Department of invertebrate Zoology,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, CA 03105-2936
Note: This volume will be available in the Club library
at the February meeting.
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
Membership List - 2000
ALBI, YVONNE, P.O. Box 45828, Los Angeles, CA 90045, E-mail: holaster@aol.com
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, Serials Unit, Library, Central Park West at 79th St., New York,
NY 10024, (212) 769-5714
ANDERSON, ROLAND, 2000 Minor E. #8, Seattle, WA 98102, (206) 329-5815, E-mail:
roland . anderson@ci . Seattle . wa . us
ARNOLD, TERRY, 2975 B St., San Diego, CA 92102, (619) 235-8181, FAX (619) 235-0016, E-mail:
tamold@computer . org
AUCKLAND WAR MEMORIAL MUSEUM, Serials Librarian, Private Bag 92018, Auckland, New Zealand, 64-09-
309 0443, FAX 64-09-379 9956
BERSCHAUER, DAVID & FELICIA, 25411 Cabot Rd„ Ste. 109, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, (949) 457-9210, FAX
(949) 457-9450, E-mail: trophon@thegrid.net
BEELER, RUDIGER, Field Museum of Natural History, Dept, of Zoology, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605,
(312) 665-7720, E-mail: bieler@fmnh.org
BISHOP, JOHN A., 3026 Freeman, San Diego, CA 92106, (619) 223-6038
BISHOP MUSEUM LIBRARY, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704
BOOKSTORE JUSTUS LEPSIUS, BVBA, Belgicalaan 35, 1080 Brussels, Belgium, Attn. Sabine Defoort, TEL 32 2
425 05 20, FAX 32 2 425 50 33, E-mail: bookstorejustuslipsius@planetintemet.be
BOSS, KENNETH J., Dept, of Malacology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St.,
Cambridge, MA 02138, (617) 495-2468, E-mail: kboss@OEB.Harvard.edu
BOYD, EDWARD & PATRICIA, 18218 Paradise Mountain no. 197, Valley Center, CA 92082-7000, (760) 749-9033
BOYD, SUSIE & BOB, P.O. Box 1541, Fallbrook, CA 92028, (760) 728-3849
BRADNER, HUGH & MARGE, 1867 Caminito Marzella, La Jolla, CA 92037, (858) 459-7681, FAX (858) 459-0657,
Email: hbradner@ucsd.edu
BRATCHER-CRITCHLOW, TWILA & TOM, 939 Coast Blvd. # 15H, La Jolla, CA 92037, (858) 456-7241
BRISBANE SHELL CLUB, c/o Callum Woodward, 24 Hamlet St. Annerley, Queensland, 4103 Australia,
(07) 384-86472
BROWN, CHRIS, 4575 N. Ave. del Cazador, Tucson, AZ 85718, (520) 297-2521, E-mail: flashcove@ibm.net
BURCH, TOM & BEATRICE, P. O. Box 309, Kailua, HI, 96734, (808) 261-7465, FAX (808) 263-6408, E-mail:
taburch@gte.net
CADIEN, DONALD B., 2425 E. 5th Street No. 10, Long Beach, CA 90814, (562) 433-4116, E-mail:
dcadien@lacsd.org and dcadien@mindspring.com
CARR, WALTER E. JR, 2043 Mohawk Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, (925) 938-2251, FAX (925) 934-4683, E-mail:
terrycarr@home.com
CASTOR, JANE C„ 3775 Modoc Rd. Apt 120, Santa Barbara, CA 93105-4465, (805) 569-0293
CHANEY, BARBARA, 1633 Posilipo Lane, Santa Barbara, CA 93108, (805) 969-1434
CHANEY, HENRY W., 1701 La Vista Grande, Santa Barbara, CA 93103, (805) 682-4711 ext. 334 (work), FAX
(805) 963-9679 (home). E-mail: inverts@sbnature.org (work)
CLARKSON, PETER, PO Box 713, Port Lincoln, South Australia 5606, Australia, Phone/FAX 08-868-26926, E-mail:
clarkson@camtech.net.au
CLOVER, PHILLIP W., P.O. Box 339, Glen Ellen, CA 95442, Phone/FAX (707) 996-6960
COAN, EUGENE V., 891 San Jude Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94306-2640, (650) 493-8202 (home), (415) 977-5681 (work), FAX
(415) 977-5790, E-mail: gene.coan@sierraclub.org
COOK, BUNNIE & GEORGE, 1120 Makaiwa St., Honolulu, HI 96816, (808) 737-8050, E-mail: g.-b.cook@juno.com
COOVERT, GARY & HOLLY, 36 Prospect Ave., Dayton, OH 45415-2232, (513) 890-3803, E-mail:
gacoovert@yahoo . com
DEEMS, RON, 1768 Hermes, San Diego, CA 92154-2814, (619) 424-3750
DESCHAINE, LEWIS, 3029 Silver Lake Rd., St. Anthony, MN 55418-2435, (612) 789-4070
DOI, MATTHEW S., 16209 Taylor Ct., Torrance, CA 90504-1902, (310) 329-3201
DONEDDU, MAURO, via Palau, 5, 07029 Tempio (ss), Italy
DULLAS, NORMA M. & WILLIAM, 13231 North 65th Dr., Glendale, AZ 85304, (623) 979-8758
DUSHANE, HELEN, 9460 Friendly Woods Ln., Whittier, CA 90605-1657, (310) 696-0687
EERNISSE, DOUGLAS J., Dept, of Biological Science, MH 282, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-
6850, (714) 278-3749, FAX (714) 278-3426, E-mail: deemisse@lullerton.edu
EMERSON, WILLIAM K., 10 E. End Ave. Apt. 18E, New York, NY 10021-1184, (212) 879-7645 (home), (212) 769-5714
(work), FAX (212) 769-5783, E-mail: emerson @AMNH.org
EVERSON, GENE, 500 Nottingham Pkwy., Louisville, KY 40222, (502) 429-5788
FARMER, WES, 3591 Ruffin Rd. #226, San Diego, CA 92123-2561, (858) 576-2143,
E-mail: wmfarmer@adnc.com; wmf200099@hotmail.com
FLENTZ, MARY & JOHN B., 4541 Lambeth Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008-6407, (619) 434-2522
FOSTER, ROBERT, P.O. Box 2119, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546
FRANK, WILLIAM M„ 1865 Debutante Dr., Jacksonville, FL 32246-8645, Phone/FAX (904) 724-5326, E-mail:
wffank@sprynet.com
GARCIA, EMILIO F., 115 Oak Crest Dr., Lafayette, LA 70503, (337) 232-2662, E-mail: efg2112@louisiana.edu
GERRODETTE, BILLEE L. & GEORGE, 6333 La Jolla Blvd. #171, La Jolla, CA 92037, (619) 454-5788
GORI, SANDRO, Via Semesi 7, 57123 Livorno, Italy
GREEN, DAVE, LUCILLE & KRISTEN, 12307 Laneview Dr., Houston, TX 77070, (281) 376-5630, E-mail:
dgreen@com werx . net
HANSELMAN, GEORGE, 5818 Tulane St., San Diego, CA 92122, (858) 453-3019
HERRMANN, RICHARD & GINNY, 12545 Mustang Dr., Poway, CA 92064, (858) 679-7017, FAX (858) 679-3346, E-
mail: rbherrmann@aol.com
HERTZ, JULES & CAROLE M., 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, Phone/FAX (858) 277-6259, E-mail:
cmhertz@pacbell.net
HICKMAN, CAROLE S., PT05, Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, (510)
642-3429, FAX (510) 642-1822, E-mail: caroleh@ucmpl.berkeley.edu
HOLLMANN, MICHAEL, Goerdelerweg 17, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany, (49)-55 1-58468, FAX (49)-55 1-3899-644, E-
mail: hollmann@mail.mpiem.gwdg.de
HOUSTON, ROY, Dept, of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Loyola Blvd. at West 80th St., Los Angeles, CA
90045, (213) 642-3126 (work), (310) 329-6444 (home). E-mail: rhouston@popmail.lmu.edu
HUTSELL, KIM & LINDA, 5804 Lauretta St. #2, San Diego, CA 92110, (619) 294-3914, E-mail:
khutsell@ix.netcom.com
JACKSON, JOHN, 11558 Rolling Hills Dr., El Cajon, CA 92020, (619) 579-8405, FAX (619) 579-7901, E-mail:
odyssey@adnc.com
JOFFEE, ANNE, 1157 Periwinkle Way, Sanibel Island, FL 33957, (941) 472-3151, FAX (941) 472-3153
JORDAN, SCOTT, 1620 El Travesia Dr., La Habra Hts., CA 90631, (562) 903-0287, FAX (562) 903-0486, E-mail:
president@accuride.com
KAISER, KIRSTIE L., Paseo de las Conchas Chinas #115 Depto. 4, Fracc. Conchas Chinas C.P. 48390, Puerto Vallarta,
Jalisco, Mexico, 52 (322) 15041, FAX 52 (322) 15042, E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.Com.Mx
KALOHI, KATHY, 13901 Wilkie Ave., Gardena, CA 90249, (310) 719-1816, E-mail:
j kalohi@earthlink . net
KANNER, PAUL, 10609 Esther Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90064, (310) 559-7140, E-mail: pkann@mediaone.net
KEMP, BRUCE & EMI, 9420D Carlton Oaks Dr., Santee, CA 92071, (619) 449-7610, FAX (619) 553-6391,
E-mail : bkemp@nosc . mil
KENNEDY, GEORGE, 8997 Moisan Way, La Mesa, CA 91941, (858) 667-1030, FAX (619) 594-4372 (work), E-mail:
gkennedy@geology . sdsu.edu
KING, BOB, 4269 Hawk St., San Diego, CA 92103, (858) 296-0574
KLAUS, KAY & DEL, 8674 Glenhaven St., San Diego, CA 92123, (858) 292-4527, (work) Phone/FAX (858) 495-0669
KRONENBERG, GUS C.,Den Bull 98, NL-5616 GJ Eindhoven, the Netherlands, E-mail: gijsckro@worldonline.nl
LAGRANGE, JOHN & LINDA, 533 North Rios Ave., Solana Beach, CA 92075-1245, Phone/FAX (858) 755-7215,
E-mail: lagrange@adnc.com
LANCE, JAMES R., 746 Agate St., San Diego, CA 92109, (858) 488-2132
LEVIN, DEBRA J., 840 5th Ave. NW, Issaquah, WA 98027-2816, (425) 837-0677, E-mail: levinj@att.net
LEWIS, JUDITH A., 2117 Via Estrada, Carrollton, TX 75006, (972) 416-4712, E-mail: judylewis@earthlink.net
LONHART, STEVE, Department of Biology, EMS A316, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, (831) 459-5063,
FAX (831) 459-4882, E-mail: lonhart@biology.ucsc.edu
LOVELL, LARRY, Benthic Invertebrate Collection, SIO/UCSD/Mail Stop 0206, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA
92093-0206, (858) 822-2818, E-mail: llovell@ucsd.edu
LUCARELLI, MARILYN N„ 113 Wineberry Ln., Ballston Spa, NY 12020, (518) 899-5201, E-mail:
mariluca@nycap . rr . com
LUTHER, DOUG & MARY, 1535 Ipukula St., Honolulu, HI 96821-1419, (808) 377-5173, E-mail:
dluther@soest.hawaii.edu
MASON, MICHAEL L. & KAREN R„ 1395-48 Callejon Palacios, Chula Vista, CA 91910, (619) 482-1098 (home),
(619) 532-2742 (work)
MCCLINCY, RICHARD J., 809 St. George Rd., Danville, CA 94526, (510) 838-3217, E-mail:
richard.mcclincy@kvaemer.com
MCPEAK, RONALD H„ P.O. Box 2136, Battle Ground, WA 98604-2136, (360) 687-1972, FAX (360) 687-1791, E-mail:
mcpeak@worldaccess.com
METZ. GEORGE E., 121 Wild Horse Valley Dr., Novato, CA 94947, (415) 892-4960
MICHEL, JOHN & NOLA, 4758 Mt. Cervin Dr., San Diego, CA 92117, Phone/FAX (858) 278-9088
MULLINER, DAVID K. & MARGARET, 5283 Vickie Dr., San Diego, CA 92109, (858) 488-2701, E-mail:
mullinerl@juno.com
MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOERE NATURELLE, Laboratoire de Biologie, des Invertebres Marins et Malacologie, 55,
Rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, 01-40-79-30-89, E-mail: lozouet@mnh.fr
MUSEUM OF NEW ZEALAND, Hector Library - Librarian, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand
MYERS, JOHN & BARBARA W., 3761 Mt. Augustus Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, (858) 279-9806
NATURALIS, BIBLIOTHEEK, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
NELSON, LOIS, 7222 N. 15th Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85021-8658, (602) 997-9196
NORRID, HAL & CHARLOTTE, 233 E. Cairo Dr., Tempe, AZ 85282-3607, (602) 967-4957, E-mail:
hcnorrid2@aol . com
PASQUA, ROBERT A., 2236 Via Chalupa, San Clemente, CA 92673-3634, (949) 492-6855, E-mail:
iampasqua@aol.com
PERRIN, MARILYN, 10960 Via Abaca, San Diego, CA 92126, (858) 586-0175, E-mail: mimiperrin@aol.com
PIERCE, ROSEMARY & FRANK, 43099 Tenaja Road, Murrieta, CA 92562, (714) 674-9370
PISOR, DON & JEANNE, 10373 El Honcho PI., San Diego, CA 92124, (858) 279-9342, (619) 234-0249
(warehouse), FAX (619) 234-0250, E-mail: d-jpisor@mindspring.com
REITZ, CHARLES K., 410 Orpheus Ave., Leucadia, CA 92024, (760) 943-1029(home), (760) 471-8657 (work), FAX
(760) 471-6894
RICE, TOM, P.O. Box 219, Port Gamble, WA 98364, Phone/FAX (360) 297-2426, E-mail:
ofseashr@pacifictelebyte . com
ROBERTS, DALE L. & KIMBERLY, 28402 Harvest View Lane, Trabuco Canyon, CA 92679, (949) 459-8886, FAX
(949) 888-2786, E-mail: robertdl@war.wyeth.com
ROMER, BILL & CAROL, 3249 Towser, San Diego, CA 92123, (858) 278-2389, E-mail: wromerl@san.rr.com
SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 2559 Puesta del Sol Rd.,
Santa Barbara, CA 93105-2936, (805) 682-4711
SCHNEIDER, WILLIAM & NANCY, 12829 Carriage Rd., Poway, CA 92064-6045, Phone/FAX (858) 748-2822,
E-mail: jtkcmom@msn.com
SCOTT, MARK, 1246 Firethom St., San Diego, CA 92154-3813, (619) 428-4965, FAX (619) 662-2773, E-mail:
shellman@home.com
SCOTT, PAUL VALENTICH, Santa Barbara Museum (NH), 2559 Puesta del Sol Rd., Santa Barbara, CA 93105, (805)
682-4711 ext. 319, FAX (805) 569-3170, E-mail: pvscott@sbnature2.org
SENCKENBERGISCHE BIBLIOTHEK, Zeitschriftenabteilung/DFG, Bockenheimer Landstr. 134-138, D-60325, Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
SIO LIBRARY 0219, 9500 Gilman Dr., LaJolla, CA 92093-0219
SKOGLUND, CAROL, 3846 E. Highland Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85018, Phone/FAX (602) 955-2072, E-mail:
carolskoglund@msn.com
STEPHENS, SUSAN B„ P.O. Box 217, Sanibel, FL 33957, (941) 472-1654
STOHLER, RUDOLF (Hon), 1584 Milvia St., Berkeley, CA 94709
THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, Dept, of Library Services, Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, England, 44-171-
938-9368, FAX 44-171-938-9505, E-mail: e.jamieson@nhm.ac.uk
THOMPSON, FRED G., Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2035, (352) 392-6569 FAX
(352) 846-0287, E-mail: fgt@flmnh.ufl.edu
UNDERWOOD, DORIS K., PMB # 362, 2263 W. New Haven Ave., West Melbourne, FL 32904-3871, (407) 724-2449, E-
mail: underwood@yourlink.net
VAWTER, DORIS, 3208 Bonita Mesa Rd., Bonita, CA 91902, (619) 479-7687, E-mail: vevawter@worldnet.aol.net
VELARDE, RON, Marine Biology Lab., 4918 N. Harbor Dr. Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92106, (619) 692-4903, FAX (619)
692-4902, E-mail: rgv@sdcity.sannet.gov
VOLLERO, SELVANA & BOB PETROSKI, 5613 Carnegie St., San Diego, CA 92122, (858) 625-0756, FAX (858) 535-
1810 (work). E-mail: gluckchildcare@sd.znet.com (work)
VON KRIEGELSTEIN, DOUG, 11288-A San Juan, Loma Linda, CA 92354, (909) 825-7207, FAX (909) 796-9658, E-mail:
dougvon@hotmail .com
VOSO, ED & HELEN, 1815-134 Sweetwater Rd., Spring Valley, CA 91977, (858) 469-8308
WEBER, GLADYS, 3607 Sylvan Meadows Court, Modesto, CA 95356-2011, (209) 549-1071, E-mail: gladweber@aol.com
WEBSTER, HERB & MELLA, 34021-A Ruby Lantern, Dana Point, CA 92629, (949) 240-1606, E-mail:
mellamella@aol.com
WELTY, STEPHEN, Box 639, Dubois, WY 82513, (307) 455-2922
WHITE, JACKIE, 886 Mountridge Ct., Las Vegas, NV 89110-2911, (702) 452-9651, E-mail: jcwshells@aol.com
WISE, JOHN, Dept, of Malacology, Houston Museum of Natural History, One Hermann Circle Dr., Houston, TX 77030-
1799, (713) 639-4677, FAX (713) 523-4125
WOMACK, EDWIN B. & JEAN, 2126 S. Arroyo Vista, Cottonwood, AZ 86326, (520) 639-2112
WOOLSEY, JODY, 3717 Bagley Ave. Apt. 206, Los Angeles, CA 90034-4148, (310) 839-1604, E-mail:
mjwoolsey@earthlink.net
WTJ, SHI-KUEI, 4175 Amber St., Boulder, CO 80304, Phone/FAX (303) 444-2306, E-mail: skwu@spot.colorado.edu
WUYTS, JEAN, Koningsarendlaan 82, B-2100 Deume, Belgium
YIN, BOB, 1275 Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, (858) 454-2342, E-mail: ryinl@san.rr.com
YOUNG, HERB & WILMA, 14550 Stone Ave. North, Shoreline, WA 98133-6218, (206) 364-8327
AM. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on 02-14-00
UL401
.F418
v. XXXII
no. 3
March 9,
2000
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XXXII
March 9, 2000
ISSN 0738-9388
Number: 3
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Kay Klaus
Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index, html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
World Record Size Shells - a Discussion
Kim and Linda Hutsell, two of the authors of and the implications of record size shells. Members are
the Registry of World Record Size Shells, will lead a encouraged to bring in their record size shells -- and any
discussion on the process of registering potential records that might be.
Meeting date: March 17, 2000
Shells of the month: record size shells - and any that might be
CONTENTS
Club news 26
Growth series of three species of Pitar (Hysteroconcha) with comments on a fourth species (Bivalvia:
Veneridae) from the Panamic Province
Carol Skoglund 27
Fourth annual SCUM meeting
Jules Hertz 33
Announcement of student grants and joint meeting of AMS and WSM 34
Map for detaching
Page 26
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(3): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - February 17, 2000
President Mike Mason called the meeting to order
at about 7:45 p.m. The minutes of the January meeting,
as published in The Fesrivus were approved. Mike
discussed the upcoming auction and a signup sheet was
passed around for the potluck dinner. Donations are
needed and can be given to any Board member. [See
col. 2, this page.] Mike said that a host is still needed
for meetings. [If you are willing to take this post,
contact Mike at 619-482-1098.]
Mark Scott announced that the used plastic boxes at
the back of the room are free to Club members and
were donated by Ursula Shasky. New boxes will be
sold at an upcoming Club meeting. Mark also read a
letter from a woman in France interested in exchanging
shells. He will pass on the details to anyone interested.
Kim Hutsell introduced the speaker for the evening,
Travis Smith. Travis is working on his PhD at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography. His Master’s work related
to tying together the story of Recent and fossil pectens.
He studied the extinction patterns of the region from
Humboldt Bay to Isla Cedros. He said that pectens
fossilize well and are easy to identify and that there are
eleven species of pectens in California today. This is
about a 70% extinction rate since there were thirty
species in California at one time. There has been no
evolutionary rebound. He considered three possible
causes for the extinction: taxonomy, body size and
latitudinal range. He found that large species have large
ranges and that small species have small ranges. If a
species is in a restricted area, an environmental change
to the area can effect extinction. Geographical range,
he said, may be the most influential factor.
The winner of the door prize was Don Guthrie.
The meeting was adjourned to look at some of the shells
brought in by Kim (pectens from Diamond Island),
Mark (cowries) and the Schneiders (fossil pectens) and
to enjoy the refreshments contributed by John Bishop,
Mike and Silvana.
Silvana Vollero
Member Ron McPeak at Mission Trails Park
Ron H. McPeak, longtime Club member now living
in Washington state, will give a slide presentation and
sign his new book Amphibians & Reptiles of Baja
California , a new field guide in the Sea Challengers
series beautifully written and photographed by Ron. His
presentation and book signing will be at Mission Trails
Regional Park auditorium, One Father Junipero Serra
Trail, San Diego, on Saturday, 18 March from 7:00 -
9:00 p.m. For directions call (619) 668-3275.
Come to the Auction/Potluck
The Club’s annual Auction/Potluck will be held on
April Is1 at the Summer Hill Clubhouse [see map, last
page]. Festivities will begin at 5:00 p.m. (with “Dave’s
Punch” and soft drinks) while you browse the auction
table and the silent auction goodies. Dinner will begin
promptly at 6:00 p.m. and the auction will start at 7:00
p.m. on the button!
There will be some exceptional shells including
such “raries” as Acanthtrophon sorenseni, Cancellaria
centrota, Pterynotus bequaerti, Voluta bednalli,
cypraeids nigropunctata, jeaniana, venusta and rosselli
and Latiaxis pilsbryi.
This is the Club’s big fundraiser and the biggest
social event of the year. The auction provides the Club
with the funds necessary to support its many activities
such as The Festivus, Club library purchases, donations
toward student grants and the Greater San Diego
Science Fair.
It’s still not too late to donate to the auction; if you
can’t make the March meeting, contact Carole Hertz
(858-277-6259) and arrange for pickup. And if you
have no shells to donate, you can still attend the auction,
have a marvelous time and the goodies you buy will
help your collection — and the Club.
Too Late for the Roster
Drez, Paul E., 8816 Cherry Hills Rd., NE,
Albuquerque, NM 87111. Ph.: 505-828-985; FAX:
505-828-1342; E-mail: drez@nmia.com
Payne, Travis L., 2703 Wayne Cir. SE, Decatur, AL
35603-9392. E-mail: tlpayne@hiwaay.net
Schoening, Robert, 10607 Norman Ave., Fairfax, VA
22030. Ph.: 703-273-9755; FAX 703-273-9705; E-
mail: rschoening@aol.com
Correction of E-mail Address
Pisor, Don & Jeanne; d-jpisor@ix.netcom.com
Vol. XXXIK3): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 27
GROWTH SERIES OF THREE SPECIES OF PITAR (HYSTEROCONCHA)
WITH COMMENTS ON A FOURTH SPECIES
(BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE)
FROM THE PANAMIC PROVINCE
CAROL SKOGLUND1
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
Years ago, while dredging in Caleta de Los
Angeles, Bahia Tenacatita, Jalisco, Mexico, my
husband Paul and I brought up several very small Pitar
specimens that were difficult to identify. These were
taken using a dredge with 1/8 inch wire mesh on a mud
bottom at a depth of 6 to 20 m. They ranged in size
from 3.5 to 4.0 mm width (Figure 1). Although the
sturdy shells were very similar, there were slight
differences in the overall shape, color, and concentric
ribbing that led us to believe that more than one species
might be present, perhaps of the subgenus
Lamelliconcha.
Further dredging of the same area and in other
places along the coast of Mexico from the states of
Nayarit to Colima over several years provided a growth
series needed to prove that our shells were not adults
but juvenile Pitar of three distinct species, all in the
subgenus Hysteroconcha. Species in Hysteroconcha
have concentric lamellae with the posterior area
bordered by spines (Keen, 1971). Sizes herein do not
include spines.
We dredged Pitar (H.) lupanaria (Lesson, 1830)
and Pitar (H.) roseus (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby D,
1851) at Caleta de Los Angeles and Pitar (H.)
Figure 1, left to right: Pitar lupanaria 3.5 mm; Pitar roseus, 4.0 mm; Pitar multispinosus, 3.5 mm.
1 Mailing address: 3846 E. Highland Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85018, USA
Page 28
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXHQ): 2000
multispinosus (G. B Sowerby II, 1851) at both Lo de
Marcos, Nayarit, and at Bahfa Santiago, Colima,
Mexico. Paul photographed the shells, and I reported
on them at an annual meeting of the Western Society of
Malacologists (Skoglund, 1976).
Abbreviations used herein are: AMNH, American
Museum of Natural History, New York; ANSP, The
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; CAS,
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco;
LACM, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural
History, Los Angeles; SBMNH, Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History, Santa Barbara; USNM, National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.
The shell of Pitar lupanaria at 5.0 mm is white
with rolled concentric ribs and a slightly truncate
posterior end (Figure 2). As the shell matures, the ribs
become lamellar near the margin, and the ventral third
takes on a rosy color. The first spines on the posterior
slope appear at about 9 mm (Plate I, Figure A). At 21
mm in size, the shell is almost adult except that there
Figure 2. Pitar lupanaria 5.0 mm.
Figure 3. Pitar lupanaria, 21 mm.
are two rows of spines instead of the single row in the
adult (Figure 3). While the figured shell was rose
colored when the photo was taken in 1976, it has now
faded to light tan. As the shell matures (Plate I, Figure
B), the new concentric ribs are rolled, while raised
lamellae flare over the anterior edge of the most often
rosy or violet colored shell. A second row of long
spines is present until the shell reaches about 20 mm,
then becomes obsolete. Mature shells have blotches of
purple on the disc at the base of each spine. The color
range of other specimens in my collection is from
almost pure white to a bright brown. The species can
attain a size of 100 mm, including spines (Hutsell et al.,
1997). The shell without spines reaches 78.5 mm
Vol. XXXD(3): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 29
(Hutsell, pers. comm).
Pitar multispinosus , in contrast, already has both
the first spines and the first rose-colored, raised
lamellae near the ventral margin at 4.5 mm (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Pitar multispinosus , 4.5 mm.
The umbones are more pronounced and of a dark rosy-
purple color; the rolled concentric ribs are less
pronounced than on the early stages of P. lupanaria.
More ribs and spines are added as the shell grows to 6
mm (Plate I, Figure C). At 17.5 mm the shell appears
to be mature. Except for the umbonal area, the
concentric ribs are all raised lamellae, which are higher
just anterior to the first of two rows of close-set spines.
This area is file-like to the touch, and this is a good
diagnostic feature of this species (Plate I, Figure D).
Pitar lupanaria is smooth in this area and the
spines are placed farther apart. Keen (1971) says that
P. multispinosus is brown rather than purple and attains
40 mm. My shells, from Lo de Marcos, Nayarit,
Mexico, south to Salinas, Ecuador, were a rosy color
when fresh, and still retain more of a rose than a brown
color. The largest P. multispinosus in my collection is
31 mm.
Pitar roseus starts out much as the other two
species, but is slightly more elongate (Plate I, Figure
E). At 5 mm, the shell is rosy with whitish areas on
both the anterior and posterior slopes. The umbones are
rosy-purple and the concentric lamellae are raised
(Figure 5). At 6 mm the iridescent periostracum
charactistic of the species can be seen on most live-taken
material. This periostracum is apparently fragile, as it
Figure 5. Pitar roseus, 10 mm.
is rarely seen on beach-drift material. As the shell
grows, either one or two rows of very short spines
appear. A thin white stripe occurs under the anterior-
most row of spines. The second, more posterior, row
becomes obsolete by about 15 mm, and even this
apparently wears off as the shell matures. The rolled
concentric ribs become raised lamellae on the anterior
slope (Plate I, Figure F). Some shells are white in this
area. The largest specimen in my collection is 55 mm.
A fourth species, Pitar brevispinosus (G. B.
Sowerby n, 1851) (Figure 6), completes the list of
Hysteroconcha currently known from the Panamic
Province (Keen, 1971). I have only seen mature Pitar
brevispinosus. The all-white shell is similar to P.
roseus, but more trigonal and with large, fold-like,
concentric ribs. It has a shiny periostracum but without
the iridescence seen in P. roseus.
Pitar brevispinosus is figured by Olsson (1961)
with a distribution as “Gulf of California to Ecuador”.
Olsson states that he has seen the shell, which he calls
rare, only from southern Colombia and Ecuador. He
cites the original description by Sowerby as the source
for a shell from California. Sowerby (1851) cites a
shell from the Cuming collection as coming from
California. Since Cuming did not collect in California,
it is possible that Olsson used the Golfo de California
instead of California as his distribution. Keen (1971)
used the Olsson illustrations and distribution.
Page 30
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(3): 2000
Figure 6. Pilar brevispinosus, 42.0 mm. Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
I collected four P. brevispinosus, still alive at the
high tide line near the village of Camerones,
Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in April, 1981. Virginia Maes
and I also found 12 valves in the intertidal area. These
valves are now at ANSP (356905). One shell of my lot
is now at SBMNH (345321). Neither LACM or CAS
has the shell in their collections. The shells in the
collection of AMNH labeled as P. brevispinosus from
California were not that species. The Smithsonian
Institution (USNM) has three lots, none of which I have
seen. The distribution is from Nicaragua (USNM
703665), the Golfo de Panama (USNM 6228) to
Ecuador (USNM 517723).
I have never seen this species in many years of
collecting in the Golfo de California, Mexico, and
unless more information comes to light, would limit the
distribution from Nicaragua to Ecuador.
My thanks to Lindsey Groves ( LACM), Liz Kools
(CAS), Raye Germon (USNM) and Ned Gilmore
(ANSP) for checking their collections; Henry Chaney
(SBMNH) and Jay Cordeiro (AMNH) for the use of
material in their institutions and David K. Mulliner for
photographing the Pitar brevispinosus. All other
photographs were taken by the late Paul Skoglund.
LITERATURE CITED
HUTSELL, KIM C„ LINDA L. HUTSELL & DONALD L.
PISOR
1997. Hutsell and Pisor’s Registry of World Record Size Shells.
Snail’s Pace Productions, San Diego, California, 101 pp.
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine Mollusks
from Baja California to Peru. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, Calif., i-xiv + 1064 pp.; ca. 4,000 figs.; 22 color
pis.
OLSSON, AXEL A.
1961. Mollusks of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Particularly from
the Southern Half of the Panamic-Pacific Faunal Province
(Panama to Peru). Panamic-Pacific Pelecypoda.
Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, N.Y. 574 pp.;
pis. 1-86 (Mar. 10).
SKOGLUND, CAROL
1976. Spine development of juveniles in three species of
Panamic Hysteroconcha (Bivalvia: Veneridae). Abstract.
The Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report
9:37-38 (Oct.).
SOWERBY, G. B.
1851. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 2 p. 632 no. 71 pi. 132,
fig. 109.
Color Plate I, Figures A to F. (A) Pitar lupanaria, 5 specimen s( left to right), 3.5 to 9.0 mm (B) P. lupanaria, 21 mm (C) Pitar multispinosus,
5 specimens (left to right), 3.5 to 6.0 mm (D) P. multispinosus, 17.5 mm (E) Pitar roseus, 4 specimens (left to right), 3.5 to 11.5 mm (F) P
roseus, 55 mm.-*
Vol. XXXII(3): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 3 1
Vol. XXXD(3): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 33
FOURTH ANNUAL SCUM MEETING
The fourth annual meeting of the Southern
California Unified Malacologists (SCUM) was held 15
January 2000 in San Diego in the Munk Seminar Room,
Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. Hugh
Bradner hosted the meeting in this beautiful room high
on a cliff overlooking the La Jolla shoreline. The
meeting began at 10:00 a.m. and early arrivals enjoyed
coffee and donuts while conversing with other
attendees. There were approximately 35 in attendance
with some from as far away as Long Beach and Los
Angeles. At the beginning of the meeting, there was a
round of self introductions followed by informal
presentations of 15 minutes or less from each attendee,
outlining recent or current projects and
accomplishments.
Larry Lovell opened the meeting with a discussion
of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
Collection and the status of moving it to a new building.
Kent Trego showed slides and discussed work on
benthic material from Port Foster (caldera rim),
Deception Island, off Antarctica. He talked about five
bivalve species and mentioned articles which appeared
in Antarctic Science. Terry Arnold told of collecting
fossil cowries in the lower Miocene Muddy Creek beds
near Hamilton, Victoria, Australia, and what times of
the year were good for collecting and what times one
might encounter many poisonous snakes. Wes Farmer
discussed his collecting during the past four years at
Torrey Pines State Park and his inability to get a permit
this year. He hoped that some of the attendees might be
of help in resolving his problem. Kim Hutsell told of a
recent collecting trip to Diamond Island in the Coral
Sea, and he brought a display of some of the larger
shells found there. Tom Demere and Jim McLean
reported on current status of events at the San Diego
Natural History Museum (SDNHM) and Los Angeles
County Museum (LACM), respectively. Tom reported
on the status of the new museum addition in San Diego,
and Jim gave an update on new funding available at Los
Angeles. Tom discussed his fossil work which covers
“whales to snails,” mentioning Eocene material from
the Scripps Formation. Jim also updated the status of
the book he is authoring on gastropods from Alaska to
Baja California. Carole Hertz talked about a project
that she and coworkers are doing on turrid species
collected by Joyce Gemmell in San Felipe, Baja
California. Mike Miller gave a slide presentation of
beautiful nudibranchs from Negros Oriental in the
Philippines. One of the slides showed Nembrotha
mullineri named for Dave Mulliner, who was also in the
audience. George Kennedy reported on Eocene material
from near Oceanside and off Rancho Bernardo. Nancy
Schneider talked of fossil material that she and her
husband Bill have collected over many years from a
Pleistocene Terrace off Mulege, Baja California, and
described the donations they had provided to set up a
Museum in Mulege, including display cabinets and
specimens. Hans Bertsch showed pictures of preserved
specimens of Bathydoris aioca collected off Oregon in
approximately 2800 meters (paper in press). LouElla
Saul is working on fossil volutes from 85 million years
ago from Vancouver, British Columbia to Baja
California. Yvonne Albi showed drawings of rudistids;
she is working on the morphology and taxa of this
group from the late Cretaceous of Jamaica. Roger
Seapy is busy writing chapters for books on heteropods,
pteropods, etc. Christine Louie spoke of her work on
pipefish and limpet studies tied to eelgrass beds from
San Diego to Sitka, Alaska. Don Cadien and John
Ljubenkov briefly discussed environmental studies being
conducted off the southern California coast and web
sites on the Internet where one could download some of
the results. Don mentioned finding an Aker a specimen
off our coast which would be a first. Daniel Geiger
talked about his work on worldwide abalone and on the
phylogeny of scissurellids. Lance Gilbertson is working
on new species and anatomy of land snails of the
Southwest. Others in the audience also made brief
statements about their recent endeavors.
The meeting was adjourned early in the afternoon
and attendees were invited by Larry Lovell for a guided
tour of the new facilities for housing the SIO
collections.
The fifth annual meeting of SCUM will be hosted
at the LACM.
Jules Hertz
Page 34
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(3): 2000
STUDENT GRANTS AVAILABLE
As pan of their commitment to the continued study
of mollusks, the Western Society of Malacologists, the
Santa Barbara Malacological Society, the San Diego
Shell Club, and the Northern California
Malacozoological Club are again pleased to announce
the availability of grants to suppon student research in
malacology.
Funds are available for actual research costs,
including but not limited to, field and laboratory
equipment, chemicals, photographic supplies, computer
time and supplies, microscope usage fees, and
reasonable research travel costs.
ELIGIBILITY : Applicant must be a full time student
in a formal graduate or undergraduate degree program.
The thesis, dissertation or research project must be
focused primarily on the systematics, biology, ecology,
physiology, biochemistry, or paleontology of marine,
terrestrial or freshwater mollusks. Research currently in
progress or beginning in the 1999-2000 academic year
will be considered.
REQUIREMENTS: Six copies of the following
documents are required for each application:
1 . Cover application page with proposal title, applicant
name, addresses, contact numbers, etc, including a
listing of no more than five keywords that describe the
proposed research.
2. The proposal, limited to two pages, which discusses
the research project and its malacological significance
including details of the work to be aided by this grant.
3. A budget which outlines how the grant funds will be
used.
4. A resume or outline of the applicant's academic
background.
5. A letter of recommendation from the applicants
research advisor (original and 5 copies to be sent
separately by advisor).
6. A list of grants and amounts that are currently being
received or have been applied for in the 1999-2000
academic year.
No electronic submissions, mail it. Remember 6
copies.
AWARD: Research grants up to $1,000 are available.
APPLICATION DEADLINE: Completed applications
must be received no later than 15 APRIL 2000. Awards
will be announced during the joint meeting of the
Western Society of Malacologists and the American
Malacological Society, July 7-12, 2000.
Mail to: Malacology Grant, Department of Invertebrate
Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105
USA.
For further information contact: Henry Chaney at
(805) 682-4711, ext. 334 (voice); (805) 963-9679 (fax);
hchaney @sbnature2 . org
JOINT MEETING OF AMS AND WSM
The 2000 joint meeting of the American
Malacological Society and the Western Society of
Malacologists will be held at San Francisco State
University from Friday, July 7 to Wednesday, July 12.
At this meeting, AMS and WSM will sponsor three
symposia:
The Place of Malacology in Comparative Biology,
convened by Michael Ghiselin, California Academy of
Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118;
phone: (415) 750-7084; fax: (415) 750-7090; e-mail:
mghiselin@calacademy . org
Systematics and Ecology of Opisthobranch
Gastropods, convened by Angel Valdes, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San
Francisco, CA 94118; phone: (415) 750-7110; e-mail:
avaldes@calacademy.org; fax: (415) 750-7090.
Advances in the Study of the Behavior of Recent
and Fossil Cephalopods, convened by Roland Anderson,
The Seattle Aquarium, Pier 59, 1483 Alaskan Way,
Seattle, WA 98101-2059; phone (206) 386-4359;
e-mail: roland.anderson@ci. Seattle. wa. us; fax: (206)
386-4328.
The meeting will include a banquet at the California
Academy of Sciences and the AMS Annual Auction.
Optional field trips, including excursions to Mt. San
Bruno with Neil Fahy, Monterey Bay Aquarium with
Angel Valdes, and Pt. Reyes National Seashore and Mt.
Tamalpais with Terry Gosliner will be available for
participants to attend following the conclusion of formal
sessions.
Housing will be available in several categories at
San Francisco State University dorms. The
accommodations are designed to provide affordable
housing to students as well as hotel-style private rooms
with daily maid service. All housing options include
breakfast.
For further information and registration please
send an e-mail to: ams-wsm@calacademy.org or
visit our web site at
http : // www . calacademy . org/research/html/malacologi
cal_meeting.html
SAN DIEGO SHELL CLUB
AUCTION/POTLUCK
April 1, 2000
DIRECTIONS TO THE AUCTION: from 805: exit onto Balboa, east to
Convoy, south to Aero Dr., east to Ruffin Rd . , south about a
block or two. Clubhouse on East side of street; park at Sharp
Operations Center on West side.
From San Diego Stadium on Friars Road: up Mission Village
Drive to Ruffin Rd., right turn or north about a half mile,
parking on the west side of the street at Sharp Operations
Center across from the Clubhouse.
THE ADDRESS: 3575 Ruffin Rd. at the Summer Hill Clubhouse.
TIME : 5:00 p.m. - ??
REMEMBER TO BRING: Your potluck dish with serving utensils. Also, please bring
eating utensils for yourself (plates, cups and napkins will be provided). And come ready
to have fun!!
MONTGOMERY FIELD
Hi 15
AERO DRIVE
SharP TcthCJ X
Operations -o-^
Center
RUFFIN RD.
parking
Mission
Village
Road
FRIARS ROAD
S . D.
Stadium
The Festivus
AM. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on: 03-13-2000
QL401
. F418
v. XXXII
no. 4
April 13,
2000
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
ISSN 0738-9388
Volume: XXXII
April 13, 2000
Number: 4
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Kay Klaus
Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index, html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
There is no regular meeting this month. The Club Auction/Potluck was April 1st .
Next regular meeting: May 18th .
CONTENTS
Club news 36
New distribution records for two species of Muricopsis (Muricidae) from the Panamic Province
Barbara W. Myers 37
List of cypraeoidean and trivioidean literature 1994 through 1999
Lindsey T. Groves
39
Page 36
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - March 16, 2000
President Mike Mason called the meeting to order
at 7:45 p.m. The minutes of the February meeting were
approved as published in The Festivus.
Mike reminded everyone of the upcoming Auction.
The potluck sign-up sheet was passed around and
members were asked to give their donations to a board
member. Kay Klaus reported on new library holdings
and, as historian, Kay pointed out that pictures from the
September party were on display. Linda Hutsell said
that the next Botanical Garden Society meeting will be
on May 11th. A zoo representative will discuss the plans
for expansion. Everyone is invited to attend and bring
his/her concerns.
Our own Kim Hutsell was the speaker for the
evening. He discussed the Registry of World Size
Records and how members can measure their shells and
the importance of having these world size records.
Kim, Linda and Don Pisor took on this project because
it had been dropped for about seven years.
Kim explained that the scientific method of
measuring the length of a gastropod is from the tip
through the axis of the shell and for a bivalve, from the
umbo to the ventral margin. For the Registry, however,
the largest measurement attainable is used. This includes
the length to the tip of the spines for Spondylus, for
example. The maximum length of any shell is measured
in any dimension. The Registry accepts a minimum
size for mature cowries, marginellas and s trombus only.
Subspecies are used only if they are recognized in the
literature and all entries need to be verified by a second
party. All in all, the publication contains about 6,000
species but does not include freshwater or terrestrial
shells, chitons or fossils. The book is fun and useful
and the discussion was very enjoyable. Check your
shells at home for records!
The winner of the drawing was Nancy Schneider.
Thanks to John Bishop and Terry Arnold for the
delicious refreshments.
The meeting was adjourned at 8:55 p.m.
Silvana Vollero
Too Late for the Roster
Lavaleye, M.S.S., De Ruyterstraat 58, 1792 AK
Oudeschild, The Netherlands. E-mail:
LAVA@NIOZ.NL
Perini, Maurizio A., via Pedrazza 9, 1-36010 Zane (VI),
Italy, Phone: 39.0445.380378, FAX:
39.0445.384784, E-mail: mperini@witcom.com
Change of Address
Thompson, Fred G., P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL
32611-7800.
Upcoming Mollusk Meetings
The 2000 Bay Area Malacologists (BAM)
The gathering will be held on Saturday, April 29 in the
Trustees Room at the California Academy of Sciences
in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. The meeting will
start about 9:00 a.m. Hosts at the Academy will be Dr.
Terrence M. Gosliner and Dr. Angel Valdes. For
further information contact Matt James: Phone
707-664-2301; e-mail < matt.james@sonoma.edu >
AMS/WSM Annual Meeting - see March issue.
COA 2000 - Houston, Texas
The annual meeting of the Conchologists of America
will be held in Houston from June 22-26 at the
Wyndham Greenspoint Hotel. In addition to the regular
program, there will be a welcome party, banquet,
bourse and field trips. For further information contact
Convention chairperson Lucille Green at 281-376-5630
or e-mail at < dgreen@comwerx.net >
Molluscs 2000 meeting in Sydney, Australia
December 4-8, 2000. For the latest information, e-mail
http : / /www . austmus . gov . au/science/divis ion/invert/m
al/malsoc/confer3 .htm
Club Library Receives a New Book
The Club library has received a new copy of Saudi
Arabian Seashells by Doreen Sharabati published in
1981. This 119 page, hardcovered book is attractive
and figures some of the mollusks of the area. It is
designed as a “layman’s introduction to the subject of
marine molluscs in general and to those of the Red Sea
and Arabian Gulf in particular.” There is generalized
information on the area and some of the mollusks are
pictured in situ others in artistic arrangements.
The book will be available at the May meeting.
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 37
NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FOR TWO SPECIES OF MURICOPSIS
(MURICIDAE) FROM THE PANAMIC PROVINCE
BARBARA W. MYERS1
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
George E. Radwin and Anthony D’Attilio described
Muricopsis tulensis (Figure 1) in the Appendix of their
book, Murex Shells of the World (1976: 233-234, figs.
184, 185). The type locality was listed as Rancho El
Tule, Baja California, Mexico. The holotype and four
paratypes were from Rancho El Tule and other
paratypes were from Cabo San Lucas and El Pulmo
Reef, Baja California Sur. These three localities are all
at the tip of the Baja Peninsula; Cabo San Lucas is at
the western end and El Pulmo reef is at the eastern tip.
Centered between the two lies Rancho El Tule. There
has been no record published of this species since it was
described.
A specimen of Muricopsis tulensis from Los Islotes,
Isla Partida, Golfo de California, Mexico, collected
by Donald R. Shasky of Oceanside, California, 30 July
1975, was brought to my attention. I compared it with
the holotype and paratype in the San Diego Natural
History Museum and found it conspecific. Isla Partida,
in the Golfo de California, is approximately 150 km
north of the type locality. I also identified six
specimens in the Carol Skoglund Collection as M.
tulensis. These specimens were collected interti dally in
April 1977 at Shipwreck Beach xh to 1 mile east of
Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur. The maximum
length of the six Skoglund specimens is 6.4 mm.
A similar species, Muricopsis pauxillus (A. Adams,
1854), when juvenile (Figure 2), often bears a close
resemblance to M. tulensis. Muricopsis pauxillus,
however, attains a length of 18 mm compared to 7.8
mm for M. tulensis. Essentially, M. pauxillus has a
black shell with white spiral bands and M. tulensis is a
Figure 1. Muricopsis tulensis Radwin & D’Attilio, 1976. Paratype,
7.6 mm L (SDNHM 61231), collected by Faye Howard at Rancho El
Tule, Baja California, Mexico. Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
white shell with chestnut spiral bands. In addition to
being longer and broader than M. tulensis, the
protoconch of M. pauxillus is strongly angulate
whereas M. tulensis has a convex protoconch.
'Mailing address: 3761 Mt. Augustus Avenue, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Page 38
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
Drawings of the protoconchs of both species can be
found in Radwin & D’Attilio (1976).
DuShane and Poorman (1967) recorded M.
pauxillus from Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Keen (1971)
restricted its distribution to the southern Golfo de
California especially around Mazatlan. Radwin and
D’Attilio (1976) extended its distribution south to
Central America. Three specimens of M. pauxillus
collected by D. R. Shasky in 1989, in 5 to 9 m off an
islet in front of Bahia Saladita, Guaymas, Sonora and
four specimens (SDNHM 61873) from the same locality
in 1 1 m (also collected by Shasky) confirm the northern
distribution to Guaymas on the mainland side of the
Golfo de California.
M. Mulliner (1996) reported three specimens of M.
pauxillus collected in 50 to 60 m from off Isla Danzante
on the Baja California side of the Gulf, and specimens
in the Carol Skoglund Collection (one from Bahia San
Nicolas collected in 1964 and two from Puerto
Escondido collected in 1977) both on the Baja side of
the Gulf, extend the distribution of M. pauxillus across
the Golfo de California to the Baja Peninsula.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to thank Donald R. Shasky and Carol
Skoglund for the opportunity to examine their specimens
and Carole M. Hertz, who located the photograph of the
paratype of Muricopsis tulensis. My thanks to David K.
Mulliner for permission to use the photo of M. tulensis
and also for photographing M. pauxillus. Lastly I wish
to thank the San Diego Natural History Museum, for
providing space for me to continue my work in
malacology, especially David Faulkner, Collection
Manager, Department of Entomology in whose
department I am presently a guest.
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMS, ARTHUR,
1854. Descriptions of new shells from the collection of H.
Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London for 1853 21: 69-74.
DUSHANE, HELEN & ROY POORMAN
1967. A checklist of mollusks for Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
The Veliger 9(4): 413-441 (Apr.l).
Figure 2. Muricopsis pauxillus, 9.3 mm L, Bahia Saladita, Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico, in 5-9 m under rocks, Shasky Collection.
Photo: D. K. Mulliner.
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Marine Mollusks
from Baja California to Peru. Stanford University
Press, Stanford, xiv +1064, 22 color pis., numerous
illustrations.
MULLINER, MARGARET
1996. Dredging around Isla Danzante, Gulf of California,
Mexico, or what you find at the end of a line. The
Festivus 28(6): 62-70, figs. 1-17.
RADWIN, GEORGE E. & ANTHONY D’ATTILIO
1976. Murex Shells of the World. An Illustrated Guide to the
Muricidae. Stanford University Press, 284 pp., 32
pis., 192 text figs.
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 39
LIST OF CYPRAEOIDEAN AND TRIVIOIDEAN
LITERATURE 1994 through 1999
LINDSEY T. GROVES
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Malacology & Invertebrate Paleontology Sections
900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
lgroves@nhm.org
ABSTRACT Since 1993 at least 552 publications that include Recent and fossil cypraeoideans and trivioideans
were published subsequent to the compilation of Groves (1994). Additionally, 383 earlier publications not cited by
Schilder & Schilder (1971) or Groves (1994) are listed.
INTRODUCTION
At least 552 publications that deal either entirely or
partially with cypraeoideans and/or trivioideans were
published from 1994 through 1999. The second part of
this report lists 383 pre-1994 publications not listed in
Groves (1994) and/or Schilder & Schilder (1971) that
also deal with cypraeoideans and/or trivioideans.
References listed include those that emphasize
cypraeoideans and/or trivioideans, those that include
them in faunal surveys and lists, and general-interest
books and articles. Titles marked with an asterisk (*)
indicate works that deal entirely or in part with fossil
cypraeoideans and/or trivioideans. Unless otherwise
noted, all references are in English and those non-
English tides that have English abstracts and/or
summaries are likewise noted. Entries not credited to an
author, editor, or publisher are referred to as
"anonymous." With the exception of theses and
dissertations, unpublished works are not included.
Despite the extensive search of recent literature,
particularly journals and other publications received by
the Malacology and Invertebrate Paleontology Sections,
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, some
titles may have been inadvertently overlooked. The
author requests that missed titles be brought to his
attention for inclusion in a future compilation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many thanks to everyone who contributed to this
compilation as follows. Dirk Fehse (Berlin, Germany)
supplied reprints and access to his
cypraeoidean/trivioidean literature. Philippe Massier
(Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris)
generously provided copies of the journal
Cossmanniana. Mahalo nui loa to Makua Bob (aka
Robert Dayle) (Honolulu, Hawai'i) for including my
1994 list of cypraeacean and triviacean literature in his
superb cowry web site
[http : // www . geocities . com/TheT ropics/Shores/5 867/ (as
of 1-1 1-00)]. James McLean (Natural History Museum
of Los Angeles County, Malacology Section) kindly
read the brief manuscript. Librarians Mark Herbert and
Don McNamee (Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, Research Library) processed numerous
interlibrary loan requests.
REFERENCES
GROVES L.T. 1994. Cypraeacean and triviacean literature
1971-1993. The Cowry n.s., Supplement to Volume 1, 38 p.
SCHILDER, M. & F.A. SCHILDER. 1971. A catalogue of
living and fossil cowries: Taxonomy and bibliography of
Triviacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia).
Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Memoires
85:1-246.
Page 40
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
CYPRAEOIDEAN AND TRTVIOIDEAN
LITERATURE 1994-1999
* AKERS, R.E. & T.J. AKERS. 1997. Texas
Cretaceous gastropods. Paleontology Section, Houston
Gem & Mineral Society, Texas Paleontology Series 6:
iii + 1-340, figs. 1-294.
ALMASI, E.S. 1994. The Bay Islands, Honduras. Of
Sea & Shore 16(4): 248-249.
ALMASI, E.S. 1994. A gem of an island. Of Sea &
Shore 17(2):64-68, 74, 4 unnumbered figs.
ALMASI, E.S. 1995. My treasure of Monte Cristi. Of
Sea & Shore 18(2):8 1-85, 5 unnumbered figs.
ALMASI, E.S. 1995. Dar to Mtwara & on to Zanzibar.
Of Sea & Shore 18(3): 125-132, 9 unnumbered figs.
ALMASI, E.S. 1996. Palawan, beautiful to experience-
difficult to travel. Of Sea & Shore 18(4): 189-192, 3
unnumbered figs.
ALMASI, E.S. 1998. Solomon's treasure. Of Sea &
Shore 21(1):9-14, 4 unnumbered figs.
ALMASI, E.S. 1998. Cuba! Of Sea & Shore 21(3): 124-
128, 146, 2 unnumbered figs.
*AMITROV, O.V. 1994. Changes in composition of
the gastropods in the western Eurasian seas at the
Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Paleontological Journal
28(1): 19-30, figs. 1-2.
ANDERSON, R.C. & J.A. MATHER. 1997. The
shells of Gilligan's Island: Common mollusks found
around Coconut Island, Oahu, Hawaii. Of Sea & Shore
20(2):77-82, figs. 1-4.
ANGIOY, M. 1995. New books: Shells and Primitive
Art by T. Cossignani & G.T. Poppe. La Conchiglia
27(276) :5.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Cypraea coronata (Schilder,
1930). American Conchologist 22(4): 14, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994, Finding elusive Hawaiian shells.
Hawaiian Shell News 42(2):5.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Recent finds. Hawaiian Shell
News 42(7):9, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Shell fishing in the Visayas.
Hawaiian Shell News 42(8):9, 1 unnumbered fig.
[reprinted from Asian Anglers' World].
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Simnia loebeckeana [sic]
(Weinkauff, 1881). La Conchiglia 26(270): cover fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Errata-corrige: Cypraea mappa
Linne, by Marquet & Martin. La Conchiglia
26(270):31, figs. 3-4.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. The cowry-quiz. La Conchiglia
26(270):61, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Selected conchology. La
Conchiglia 26(273): 36, figs. 1-2.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Shells on stamps. Of Sea &
Shore 17(2): 80-81, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Origin of the word cowry. Of
Sea & Shore 17(2): 117.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Most spectacular malacological
discovery of the last ten years. Strandloper 237:3.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Cowries galore! Strandloper
237:10, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Red Sea cowries. Strandloper
238:6.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. More on Chimaeria
incomparabilis. Strandloper 238:12, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Massive theft of sea shells in
Europe. Strandloper 240:4.
ANONYMOUS. 1994. Nova species? World Shells
9:51, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1995. News & notes. Unusal finding
of two small cowries inside the sea anemones. La
Conchiglia 27(274):45.
ANONYMOUS. 1995. Recently named marine
Mollusca. Of Sea & Shore 17(4): 226-231, figs. 1-15 H-
7 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1996. Cypraea (Zoila) lobettiana L.R.
Massilia, 1995. Of Sea & Shore 18(4): 206-207, 4
unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1996. Beach collecting at Shelly
Beach, Kwazulu-Natal. Strandloper 246:8-9.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Shells on stamps. Of Sea &
Shore 19(4): 199-200, 10 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 19(4):21 1-218, 13
unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Triviidae. World Shells 20:
inside back cover, 2 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 20(3): 147-154, 11 figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. A list of new South African
species [compiled from the Vita Marina website on the
internet]. Strandloper 250:4.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Saying " Cypraea " out aloud!
Strandloper 251:7, 2 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1997. Iconographic review. World
Shells. 68-75, 104-111, 44 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1998. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 21(l):27-34, 15
unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1998. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 2 1(2): 87-94, 17
unnumbered figs.
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 41
ANONYMOUS, 1999. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 22(l):27-34, 22
unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1999. [Shells on stamps]. Of Sea &
Shore 22(2): front & back covers.
ANONYMOUS, 1999. Recently described shelled
marine mollusks. Of Sea & Shore 22(2): 87-94, 27
unnumbered figs.
* ARNOLD, T.S. 1994. On a "problem" Siphocypraea
Heilprin, 1887, from the Pliocene/Pleistocene of
Florida. The Festivus 16(3):29-38, figs. 1-10.
*ARNOLD, T.S. 1995. The biogeographic significance
of Cypraea (Muracypraea) in the Pliocene Imperial
Formation of California [abstract] . Western Society of
Malacologists, Annual Report 27:5, 8.
*ARNOLD, T.S. 1997. Muracypraea henekeni
(Sowerby, 1850) in the Caribbean and Panama: One
species or two? [abstract]. Western Society of
Malacologists Annual Report 29: 1 1 .
* ARNOLD, T.S. 1997. Muracypraea in the proto-Gulf
of California: A review of prior reports and a report of
new discoveries [abstract]. Western Society of
Malacologists Annual Report 29:11.
* ARNOLD, T.S. 1998. Muracypraea Woodring, 1957
(Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) in the upper Miocene and
lower Pliocene Latrania Formation (Imperial Group) of
Imperial County, southern California. The Festivus
30(8): 89-93, figs. 1-7.
* ARNOLD, T.S. 1999. An exceptionally well
preserved specimen of Zoila (Gigantocypraea) gigas
(McCoy, 1867). The Festivus 31(9): 101-102, figs. 1-3.
BAKUS, G.J. 1994. Coral reef ecosystems. Oxford &
EBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi, India,
v + 232 p., 21 figs.
*BANDEL K. & F. RIEDEL. 1994. Classification of
fossil and Recent Calyptraeoidea (Caenogastropoda)
with a discussion on neomesogastropod phylogeny.
Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (E) 13:329-
367, pis. 1-8.
BARNETT, J.L. 1994. The recent phenomenon of
worldwide damage to molluscs: Molluscs and areas
involved and some possible causes. Of Sea and Shore
17(l):39-44, 9 unnumbered figs.
BARCLAY, D. 1999. Cone wars. American
Conchologist 27(4): 28-30, 3 unnumbered figs.
BARNETT, J.L. 1994. Unusual and abnormal molluscs
of the Philippine Islands. Hawaiian Shell News
42(7): 10-12, 3 unnumbered figs.
BARNETT, J.L. 1997. Abnormal molluscs: HI— India.
Of Sea & Shore 20(l):20-25, figs. 1-9.
BARNETT, J.L. & M.O. MONTILLA. 1994.
Abnormal molluscs H: Philippine Islands. Of Sea &
Shore 17(3): 132-140, figs. 1-25.
*BASCILICI, G., E. MARTINETTO, G. PAVIA, &
D. VIOLANTI. 1997. Paleoenvironmental evolution in
the Pliocene marine-coastal succession of Val Chiusella
(Ivrea, NW Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica
Italiana 36(l-2):23-52, figs. 1-9, pis. 1-4.
BEALS, M. 1995. Cowries of Clipperton. World Shells
14:73-76, 6 unnumbered figs.
BEALS, M. 1996. Notadusta species cf .-Notadusta
vicdani Lan, 1985. World Shells 16:62-64, 8
unnumbered figs.
BEALS, M. 1996. Umbilia armeniaca (Verco, 1812)
[sic]: A western range extension. World Shells 17:72-
73, figs. 1-5.
BEALS, M. 1996. Erronea femandoi Cate, 1969: A
valid species. World Shells 18:49-53, figs. 1-10.
BEALS, M. 1997. Zoila rosselli edingeri: A review of.
World Shells 23:58-60, figs. 1-5.
BEDULLI, D., G. SPADA, B. SABELLI,, V.
IACONO & C. MAGISTRALI. 1994. Censimento della
malacofauna marina Italiana. 4. Elenco delle specie
rinvenute nella regione Campania con indicazione del
biotopo. Notiziario Societa Italiana di Malacologia.
12(7-9):79-98 [Italian],
BEGEMANN, U.-D. 1999. Umweltsch(m)utz der Phi
Phi Inseln. Club Conchylia 31(l-2):60 [German].
*BIANUCCI, G., G. CANTALAMESSA, W.
LANDINI, L. RAGAINI & G. VALLERI. 1997.
Fossil mollusk association from Isabella Island
(Galapagos, Ecuador). Bollettino della Societa
Paleontologica Italiana 36(l-2):277-281, figs. 1-4.
BIASCA, C. 1997. Shelling in the Philippines. Of Sea
& Shore 20(2):65-70, 5 unnumbered figs.
BIRAGHI, G. 1994. A new guide to worldwide
cowries. La Conchiglia 26(270):46-47.
BIRAGHI, G. 1994. Again on C. marginata. La
Conchiglia 26(271):52-54, figs. 1-5.
BIRAGHI, G. 1994. "The Cowry" lives again! La
Conchiglia 26(272): 22-23.
BIRAGHI, G. 1998. Review of Kauris von Ostafrika by
F. Lorenz, Jr. La Conchiglia 30(288):7.
BIRAGHI, G. 1999. In memoriam: Pat Burgess. La
Conchiglia 30(290): 10.
BLOCHER, M. 1997. Some shell-news from southwest
Madagascar. World Shells 23:61-65, figs. A-H.
BLOCHER, M. & F. LORENZ. 1999. A new living
species of Cypraeidae from southern Madagascar
(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur
Page 42
THE FESTTVUS
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
Malakozoologie 13:13-15, fig. 1, pi. 3.
BOSCH, D.T., S.P. DANCE, R.G. MOOLENBEEK
& P.G. OLIVER. 1995. Seashells of eastern Arabia.
Motivate Publishing: London. 296 p., 1273 figs. +
numerous unnumbered figs.
BOUCHET, P. 1995. Deep-water gastropods from New
Caledonia. La Conchiglia 27(277):9-ll, figs. 1-18.
BOUCHET, P. 1997. Inventorying the molluscan
diversity of the world: What is our rate of progress?
The Veliger 40(1): 1-11, figs. 1-4.
BRADNER, H. 1994. New illustrations of Cypraea
radulae [abstract]. Western Society of Malacologists
Annual Report 26:13.
BRADNER, H. 1996. Radular comparison of Cypraea
bicolor Gaskoin, 1849 and C. piperita Gray, 1829
[abstract]. Western Society of Malacologists, Annual
Report 28:2.
BRADNER, H. & E.A. KAY. 1995. Techniques in
preparing and photographing Cypraea radulae. The
Festivus 27(8):96-103, figs. l-6c.
♦BRADNER, H. & E.A. KAY. 1996. An atlas of
cowrie radulae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea:
Cypraeidae). The Festivus 28, Supplement, 179 p., 238 figs.
BRADNER, H. & E.A. KAY. 1997. Response to
review by Christopher Meyer and Robert Guralnick of
An Atlas of Cowrie Radulae (Mollusca: Gastropoda:
Cypraeoidea: Cypraeidae), volume 40(3):280. The
Veliger 40(4): 367.
BRADNER, H. & E.A. KAY. 1998. The radula of
Cypraeovula castanea. The Festivus 30(5):57-58, figs. 1-2.
BRADNER, M. 1995. 1995 WSM meeting. Hawaiian
Shell News 43(9):9, 1 unnumbered fig.
BRINK, D. 1995. The trawled shells of Kwazulu,
Natal. World Shells 14:62-66, figs. l-12c.
BRINK, D. 1997. Phenacovolva honkakujiana (Kuroda,
1928). Strandloper 250:1-3, 3 unnumbered figs.
BROWN, K. 1998. The other side of the coin. The
Strandloper. 254:5, 2 unnumbered figs.
BRUIN, B. de. 1994. Luponia fuscorubra (Shaw,
1909), common species, yet rare. World Shells 11:39-
41, figs. 1-7.
BUDDENHAGEN, A. 1997. Elbow Cay treasures.
American Conchologists 25(3):4-8, 9 unnumbered figs.
BURCH, B.L. 1997. Review of An atlas of cowrie
radulae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea:
Cypraeidae) by Hugh Bradner & Alison Kay. Electronic
Hawaiian Shell News, March 1997:10-13, 16
unnumbered figs.
BURCH, T.A. 1995. Fifty-five years of dredging. Part
5: Gulf of California. Hawaiian Shell News 43(6):4, 7,
figs. 1-10.
BURCH, T.A. 1995. Fifty-five years of dredging. Part
8: Chartering the Janthina VIII. Hawaiian Shell News
43(10):3-4, figs. 1-5.
BURGESS, C.M. 1994. Cypraea ostergaardi and
Cypraea thomasi. Hawaiian Shell News 42(5): 12, pi. 1.
BURGESS, C.M. 1995. Strangers in Hawaii. Hawaiian
Shell News 43(8): 1, 10, 12, figs. 1-7.
BUSS ARA WIT, S. 1995. The market value of rare and
common molluscs, Phuket Island, Thailand. Phuket
Island Biological Center Special Publication 15:35-38.
BUSSARAWIT, S. 1995. Molluscs from the Marine
National Parks: Surin and Le-Pae Islands, Andaman
Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special
Publication 15:119-125, fig. 1.
♦BUTLER, A. 1995. Shells are not what they seem to
be. Hawaiian Shell News 43(6): 11-12.
♦CAMPBELL, L.D., D.C. CAMPBELL & J.G.
CARTER. 1995. Molluscs of the Natural Well locality,
Duplin stratotype, near Magnolia, North Carolina and
rediscovery of Carinorbis quadricostata (Emmons,
1858) (Gastropoda: Amathinidae). Tulane Studies in
Geology and Paleontology 27(1/4): 165-177, fig. 1, pi. 1.
♦CAMPBELL, M.R. & L.D. CAMPBELL. 1994.
Preliminary biostratigraphy and molluscan fauna of the
Goose Creek Limestone of eastern South Carolina.
Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 27(l-4):53-
100, figs. 1-2, pis. 1-5.
CARDIN, C. 1994. A checklist of Ovulidae. Of Sea &
Shore 17(2):99-106, 108.
CARDIN, C. 1994. From the Philippines a new "false
cowry." La Conchiglia 26(272): 40-41, figs. 1-3.
CARDIN, C. 1995. Cleaning shells. Of Sea & Shore
17(4): 189-190.
CARDIN, C. 1997. A new false cowry from NW
Africa: Primovula (Adamantia) bellocaqae n.sp. La
Conchiglia 29(285): 24-25, figs. 1-2.
CATTERALL, C. 1998. Molluscs on coral reefs. In:
Beesley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B., & Wells, A. (eds.),
Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia
5, part B. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Australia, p.
33-36, figs. 1.27-1.36.
CARTERET, N. de 1994. A sheller's paradise, Naigani
Island, Fiji. Hawaiian Shell News 42(3):5-6, 1
unnumbered fig.
CARTERET, N. de. 1995. Cypraea aurantium: A
personal perspective. World Shells 12:70-72, figs. 1-2.
♦CERNOHORSKY, W.O. 1994. Age of Bemaya
chathamensis . The Cowry n.s. 1(2): 42.
CHANDLER, J. & C. DuROSS. 1997. A new Zoila
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 43
discovered. World Shells 20:65-67, 2 unnumbered pis.
CHANDLER, J. & C. DuROSS, 1997. Zoila and
R.O.V.'s. World Shells 20:69-70, 3 unnumbered figs.
♦CHANDLER, R. 1994. Neogene fossils of North
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unnumbered figs.
♦CHANDLER, R. 1995. Cretaceous and Paleogene
fossils of North Carolina: A field guide. The North
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p., numerous unnumbered figs.
CHIAPPONI, M. 1999. A conchological intermediate
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Malakozoologie 13:41-42, figs. 1-2.
CLINE, J.R.S. 1998. "Easy beans and coconuts," The
Cay Sal cruise, 11-18 July 1998. American
Conchologist 26(3) :7-9, 5 unnumbered figs.
COLIN, P.L. & C. ARNESON. 1995. Tropical Pacific
invertebrates. Coral Reef Press: Beverly Hills,
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unnumbered figs.
COLTRO, J. 1997. Brazilian seashells: An unexplored
world. American Conchologist 25(1):9.
COLTRO, J. 1997. The Brazilian connection: Do you
really know about shells. American Conchologist
25(3):21.
COLTRO, J. 1997. 15 years collecting around Sao
Sebastiao, Sao Paulo, Brazil. American Conchologist
25(4):7-ll, 5 unnumbered figs.
COLTRO, J., JR. 1998. Disaster area: El Nino is here!
American Conchologist 26(1):9.
COLTRO, J. 1998. The Brazilian connection: Let's go
shelling in Brasil-Part I. American Conchologist
26(2):7-8, 5 unnumbered figs.
COLTRO, J. 1998. The Brazilian connection: Let's go
shelling in Brasil-Part II . American Conchologist
26(3):28-30, 9 unnumbered figs.
[COMMITTEE FOR CELEBRATING DR.
OKUTANI’S RETIREMENT]. 1996. Bibliography on
the Malacological works of Dr. Takashi Okutani: 1955-
1994. Tokyo University of Fisheries: Tokyo, Japan.
101 p., 9 pis.
CORTIE, M. 1994. Update on Cypraea fultoni and C.
algoensis. Strandloper 239:9.
CORTIE, M. 1995 Some special South African
cowries. Strandloper 242:4-8, figs. 1-16.
CORTIE, M. 1996. Silly season for seashells.
Strandloper 246: 1 1 .
CORTIE, M. 1997. Riddle: What do Chimaeria, an
opal and an albatross have in common? Strandloper
249:10-11, 4 unnumbered figs.
CORTIE, M. 1997. Eastern Cape beach treasures.
Strandloper 250:2-3, figs. a-b.
CORTIE, M. & L. van den BERG. 1999. Shell power.
Strandloper 257:9-12, 11 unnumbered figs.
COSSIGNANI, T. & V. COSSIGNANI. 1997.
Descrizione di tre nuove Erato (Gastropoda:
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Mondiale 24:17-18, 6 unnumbered figs. [Italian].
COSTA, F.H.A. 1994. Albinism in Brazilian marine
gastropods. La Conchiglia 26(272): 24-28, figs. 1-13.
COUET, H. G. de. 1994. Taking effective underwater
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unnumbered figs.
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Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca, Chapter 10.
Oxford University Press: London, p. 119-131, figs.
10.1-10.3.
CRAMER, M. 1994. Southern tiger cowrie.
Australasian Shell News 85/86:7, 1 unnumbered fig.
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Hawaiian Shell News 42(8):8.
♦DARRAGH, T.A. & G.W. KENDRICK. 1994.
Maastricht! an Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from the
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DAVIS, B. 1995. Hawaiian hospitality. Hawaiian Shell
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DAVIS, B. 1996. Hawaiian hospitality. Of Sea & Shore
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♦DAVIS, G.E. 1998. Systematic paleontology of a
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DHARMA, B. 1994. Bay of Bengal shells in south Java.
Hawaiian Shell News 42(3): 11, 2 unnumbered figs.
♦DDCOUMA, M, J. LANG, B. LAURIN, A.
PASCAL & M. SALARD-CHEBOLDAEFF. 1994.
Biostratigraphy of some Maastrichtian and Paleocene
Page 44
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
formations in the Iullmmeden Basin(southem Niger).
Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie.
Abhandlungen 193(l):55-79, figs. 1-12.
♦DOLIN, L. 1996 [1997]. Jenneria (Projenneria)
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24, figs. 1-10.
♦DOLIN, L. 1998. Description de trois especes
nouvelles de Cypraeidae et de Triviidae (Mollusca:
Gastropoda) du Miocene inferieur (Aquitanien) de
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FEHSE, D. 1997. Einige korrekturen zu dem buch "A
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♦FEHSE, D. 1997. Two new fossil Siphocypraea from
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FLETCHER, R. 1994. State of the phylum Mollusca
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FOGLINO, H. 1998. Sea shells, evolved for survival.
American Conchologist 26(2): 9-13, figs. 1-11.
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FREEMAN, D. 1999. Review of Marine Shells of
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♦GARVIE, C.L. 1996. The molluscan macrofauna of
the Reklaw Formation, Marquez Member (Eocene:
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GHYOOT, J.E. 1999. Some comments on India's
shells. Of Sea & Shore 22(l):36-37, 2 unnumbered figs.
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 45
GOLIKOV, A.N. 1995. Shell-bearing gastropods of the
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GONZALEZ, N.E. 1998. Moluscos de la expedition del
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GOSLINER, T.M., D.W. BEHRENS & G.C.
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GROENWALD, J. 1994. Shell stamps for South Africa.
Strandloper 239:5.
GROTE, M.H. 1997. Determining Trivia calvariola.
The Strandloper 249:1, 2 unnunbered figs.
GROTE, M.H. 1997. Trivia sanctispiritus: A collector’s
item. Strandloper 250:2-3, 2 unnumbered figs.
GROVES, L.T. 1994. Review of A Guide to Worldwide
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♦GROVES, L.T. 1994. Catalog of fossil and Recent
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*GROVES L.T. 1994. New species of Cypraeidae
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♦GROVES, L.T. 1994. Jurassic and Cretaceous
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figs 1-20.
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*GROVES, L.T. 1997. Fossil and Recent species of
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♦GROVES, L.T. 1997. A review of cypraeiform
gastropods from Neogene strata of northwestern
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Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology
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GROVES, L.T. 1998. Review of A Guide to
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♦GROVES, L.T. 1998. The cypraeid genus
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♦GROVES, L.T. & R.L. SQUIRES. 1995. First
report of the genus Proadusta Sacco, 1894
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unnumbered figs.
HART, M. 1994. Phenacovolva birostris Linnaeus,
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World Shells 8:39, 2 unnumbered figs.
HART, M. 1995. Melanistic & rostrate cowries of
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71, figs. 3-43.
HART, M.R. 1996. New species of Trivia and Erato
Page 46
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
(Gastropoda: Triviidae) from northern New Zealand
waters. La Conchiglia 28(279):37-39, figs. 1-6.
HART, M. 1997. South African dwarf cowries. World
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HART, M. 1997. Zoila venusta orientalis Raybaudi,
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HART, M. 1997. Erronea vredenburgi Schilder, 1927:
A range extension into Australia. World Shells 23:51,
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HART, M. 1997. South African Cypraeovula in the
spotlight. World Shells 23:52-53, 1 unnumbered fig.
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HAYES, B. 1994. Cypraeovula in Algoa Bay, S. Africa.
World SheUs 11:48-49, figs. 1-3.
HAYES, B. 1995. The living animal of Crossia iutusi
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HAYES, B. 1996. Cypraeovula coronata gabriellii
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World SheUs 16:54-55, figs. 1-4.
HAYES, B. 1997. Trivia sanctispiritus Shikama, 1974,
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figs. 1-5.
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HEIMAN, E. 1999. An expansion of the distribution
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42, 56, figs. 1-8 + 1 unnumbered fig.
HEIMAN, E. & H.K. MIENIS. 1999. Erosaria
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HEMMES, D.E. & M.J. GOLDSMITH. 1994. The
Richert coUection finds a home in HUo, Hawaii.
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HENDRICKX, M.E. & A. TOLEDANO
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HOSAKA, K.-I., T. IRIE, & T. SUGIMURA. 1997.
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 47
The family Cypraeidae (Caenogastropoda) of Yamaguchi
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*INOUE, K„ T. OZAWA,, T. NOBUHARA, T. & S.
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KALIGIS, G.J.F. 1995. Marine molluscs collected at
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*KAY, E.A. 1998. Neogene Cypraeidae (Gastropoda)
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*KOWALKE, T. 1998. Bewertung
protoconchmorphologischer daten basaler
Page 48
THE FESTTVUS
Vol. XXXD(4): 2000
Caenogastropoda (Cerithiimorpha und Littorinimorpha)
hinsichtlich ihrer systematik und evolution von der
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figs. 1-4.
KROMMENHOEK, W. 1996. Beach found cowries in
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KROMMENHOEK, W. 1997. Statistical analysis of size
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KROMMENHOEK, W. 1997. The rate of erosion of
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KROMMENHOEK, W. 1997. Twenty years of beach
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KROMMENHOEK, W. 1998. Beach found cowries in
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160, figs. 1-4.
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THE FESTIVUS
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Biological Center Special Publication 15:31-33, fig. 1.
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LORENZ, F., Jr. 1998. That cowry-quiz again... La
Page 50
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXD(4): 2000
Conchiglia 30(286) :58, 2 unnumbered figs.
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THE FESTIVUS
Page 5 1
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
ORSINA, P. 1997. Shells down through time, briefly
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systematique actualisee. Cossmanniana 3(4): 151-187
[French with English abstract] .
PEARSON, G. 1994. A bungee jumping cowry.
Hawaiian Shell News 42(3): 1, 3, 2 unnumbered figs.
*PERILLIAT, M. del C. 1996. Occurrence of the
Tethyan gastropods Campanile and Gisortia in the lower
Eocene part of the Tepetate Formation, Baja California,
Mexico. The Veliger 39(2): 178-183, figs. 1-8.
PETIT, R.E. 1997. A century-old dispute revisited.
American Conchologist 25(4):4-6, 4 unnumbered figs.
PETRUCCIOLI, L. 1994. Barbecued shells! La
Conchiglia 26(272): 60, figs. 1-2.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1994. Atlas of Florida fossil shells.
Graves Museum of Archaeology and Natural History:
Sarasota, Florida, xii + 394 p., 20 figs. 100 pis.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1995. Molluscan diversity in the late
Neogene of Florida: Evidence for a two-staged mass
extinction. Science 270(52234):275-277, fig. 1.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1996. Calusacypraea, anew, possibly
neotenic genus of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
from the Pliocene of southern Florida. The Nautilus
110(1): 17-21 , figs. 1-11.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1997. Coastal paleoceanography of
eastern North America (Miocene-Pleistocene).
Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.: Dubuque, Iowa, vii -I- 373
p., 120 figs.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1997. A new gastropod fauna from an
Oligocene back-reef lagoonal environment in west central
Florida. The Nautilus 110(4): 122-1 38, figs. 1-72.
PETUCH, E.J. 1998. The molluscan fauna of the Wawa
River region, Miskito Coast Nicaragua: Ecology,
biogeographical implications, and descriptions of new
taxa. The Nautilus lll(l):22-44, figs. 1-50.
*PETUCH, E.J. 1998. New cowries from the Myakka
Lagoon System and the Everglades pseudoatoll
(Pliocene Okeechobean Sea). La Conchiglia
30(288):27-37, figs. 1-20.
PINN, F. 1996. The money cowry of the Mai dive
Islands, a miracle of reproduction^) . Of Sea & Shore
1 8(4) : 2 1 7-2 1 8 .
POLAND, P.L. 1998. Simnialena uniplicata
(Sowerby, 1848). American Conchologist 26(1): back
cover, 2 unnumbered figs.
POPE, K. 1998. The aftermath of a hurricane. Of Sea
& Shore 2 1(2): 80-82, 2 unnumbered figs.
POPPE, G. 1995. Double-handed gloriamaris and
other faked shells. La Conchiglia 27(277): 12-16, figs.
1-27.
POPPE, G.T. & P. MARTIN. 1997. A new species of
Pustularia from the Philippines (Gastropoda:
Cypraeidae). Gloria Maris 35(6):81-88, pis. 1-2.
*PORTELL, R.W., K.S. SCHINDLER & D. NICOL.
1995. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the
Pleistocene invertebrates from the Leisey Shell Pits,
Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida
Museum of Natural History 37(5): 127-164, figs. 1-6.
PRATI MUSETTI, A. 1995. Dr. Luigi Raybaudi
Massilia. World Shells 15:112-121, figs. 1-17.
PREECE, R.C. 1995. The composition and
relationships of the marine molluscan fauna of the
Pitcairn Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean
Society 56:339-358.
PURTYMUN, B. 1994. Snorkeling for gems on
Majuro. Hawaiian Shell News 42(2):6-7, 3
unnumbered figs.
PURTYMUN, B. 1994. Shelling in the rain. Hawaiian
Shell News 42(3):8, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, G.1995. "Roma locuta...
sententia confutata." Hawaiian Shell News 43(7):3, 7.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Crossia iutsui
atlantica Raybaudi, 1988. World Shells 8: inside
cover, figs. 2-3 + cover.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Zoila (Zoila)
marginata (Gaskoin, 1848). ID. Revision of the species
and its subspecies. World Shells 8:16-24, figs. 72-96,
pis. 1-3.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Review of A Guide
to Worldwide Cowries by Felix Lorenz, Jr. & Alex
Hubert. World Shells 8:47.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Review of
Australian Marine Shells ( 1-Prosobranch-Gastropods ) by
B. Wilson. World Shells 8:67, 1 unnumbered fig.
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 53
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Luponia castanea
Higgins, 1868. World Shells 8:96, 5 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASS ILIA, L. 1994. Zoila (Zoila)
marginata (Gaskoin, 1848). IV. Revision of the species
and its subspecies. World Shells 9:19-24, figs. 97-114.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Barycypraea fultoni
(Sowerby, 1903) and its varieties. World Shells 9:34-41,
figs. 1-8, pis. 1-2.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Luponia algoensis
(Gray, 1825) and its different forms. World Shells 9:63-
66, figs. 1-12.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Erronea (Adusta)
pyriformis (Gray, 1824), quid est angioyoruml World
Shells 9:70-72, figs. 1-6.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Kwajalein and its
cowries. World Shells 9:97-105, 15 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Review of The
Classic Shells of the World by T.C. Lan. World Shells
9:115, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Nucleolaria
granulata cassiaui (Burgess, 1965), Marquesas Islands.
World Shells 9: inside front cover + 116-117, 5
unnumbered figs. + cover.
RAYBAUDI, MASSILIA L. 1994. Zoila (Zoila)
marginata (Gaskoin, 1848). V. Revision of the species
and its subspecies. World Shells 10:36-42, figs. 115-128.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Kwajalein and its
cowries. II. World Shells 10:92-96, 11 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Again on Zoila
marginata. World Shells 10:99-101, figs. 1-7.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Cypraeovula-
Luponia fuscorubra f. sinistrorsa. World Shells 11:
cover + inside front cover, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Cypraeovula-
Luponia amphithales (Melvill, 1888) and his problems.
World Shells 11:9-13, figs. 1-14 (+ 3 unnumbered figs,
on p. 49).
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. New from New
Caledonie. World Shells 11:26, 4 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. New from New
Caledonie. World Shells 11:51, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Kwajalein and its
cowries. HI. World Shells 11:78-82, 13 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. New from New
Caledonie. World Shells 11:56, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994. Zoila (Zoila) rosselli.
World Shells 11:105 + back cover, 5 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Cover quiz. World
Shells 12: front cover & inside front cover, 2
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Crossia iutsui
Shikama, 1974, Revision of Raybaudi index card no.
44 (1988). World Shells 12:17, 24-29, figs. 1-16,
inside back cover.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Kwajalein and its
cowries. IV. World Shells 12:76-81, 14 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila venusta.
World Shells 12: inside front cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
+ front cover.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Sua altezza reale
il Principe di Napoli Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia.
World Shells 13:4-9, 6 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila (Zoila)
lobettiana nova species. World Shells 13:15-17, 15
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila (Zoila)
venusta (Sowerby, 1846). World Shells 13:25-35, 13
unnumbered figs., pis. 1-4.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Kwajalein and its
cowries. V. World Shells 13:77-81, 13 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Cover quiz. World
Shells 13: inside back cover, 3 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila (Zoila)
venusta (Sowerby, 1846) (DI). World Shells 14: 32-43,
figs. 1-10, 3 unnumbered figs., pis. 5-8.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. teramadm splendida
f. nigerrima. World Shells 14:52, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Two new great
rarities among South African endemics. World Shells
14:68-72, figs. 1-20.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila (Zoila)
venusta : Personal digressions. World Shells 14: 77-80,
4 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. An answer to Dr.
Alex Hubert. World Shells 14:90-95, figs. 1-22.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Lyncina leucodon.
World Shells 14: inside back cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Crossia iutsui
atlantica. World Shells 15: front & inside covers, p.
5, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Zoila (Zoila)
venusta (Sowerby, 1846) (ID). World Shells 15:13-25,
figs. 1-13, pis. 8-11.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Venusta episema
f. sorrentensis on eggs. World Shells 15:25, 1
unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. An ugly story.
World Shells 15:54, 92, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. What is there in
the South African ocean? World Shells 15:57, 103, 4
Page 54
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Cribrarula
cribrarula. World Shells 15:79, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. Kwajalein and its
cowries (VI). World Shells 15:136-140, 14 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995. News from N.
Caledonia. World Shells 15:142, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Zoila (Zoila)
ther sites contraria Iredale, 1935 a very controversial
taxon. World Shells 16:21-28, figs. 1-23.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Comoedia, immo
fabula, sydneyensis. World Shells 16:74-75.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Mea culpa, mea
culpa, mea maxima culpa. World Shells 16:82-88, figs.
A-B + 6 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Zoila (Zoila)
ther sites contaraia Iredale, 1935 (II): A very
controversal taxon. World Shells 17:3-15, figs. 24-72.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Notadusta katsiae—
musumea—vicdani. World Shells 17:40-51, figs. 1-26.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Notadusta martini.
World Shells 18: inside front cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
-I- front cover.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Erosaria
(Paulonaria) thomasi Crosse, 1865: An enigma solved.
World Shells 18:13-25, figs. 1-30.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1996. Kwajalein and its
cowries. VII. World Shells 18:70-81, 29 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Kwajalein and its
cowries (VIII). World Shells 20:45-59, 38 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. And here our
opinion. World Shells 20:68, 2 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Off the cuff. World
Shells 20:75-77, 3 unnumbered figs, (includes "the
diabolic shell" on p. 44).
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Blasicrura teres
(Gmelin, 1791). World Shells 21-22: front cover and
inside front cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Erosaria menkeana
(Desahyes, 1863): An extremely rare and unknown
species. World Shells 21-22:80-84, figs. 1-2.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Kwajalein and its
cowries. IX. World Shells 21-22:90-97, 22 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Cribrarula gaskoini
(Reeve, 1846). World Shells 23: front cover and inside
front cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1997. Zoila venusta
orientalis. World Shells 23:39.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1994. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 8:71-73, 6
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1994. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 9:54-58, 8
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1994. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 10:64-68, 8
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1994. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 11:62-66, 8
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1995. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 12:62-66, 9
unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. & F. LOBETTI BODONI.
1995. Cypraeidae revision. World Shells 13:97-100, 8
unnumbered figs.
* RAYMOND, T.C. 1997. Two new gastropods from
the Pliocene Pinecrest beds of Florida. Tulane Studies
in Geology and Paleontology 29(3-4): 141-144, pi. 1.
RHO, B.J., B.L. CHOE, J. LEE & H.J. KIL. 1998.
Malacofauna of Geojedo Island, Korea. Korean Journal
of Systematic Zoology 14(3):257-278, figs. 1-2
[Korean with English abstract].
RICE, T. 1994. Shells on stamps. Of Sea & Shore
16(4): 240-241, numerous unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1994. To Thailand & the Philippines. Of Sea
& Shore 17(2): 109-1 17, 18 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1995. To Anilao, Balicasag and points in
between. Of Sea & Shore 17(4):232-234, 5 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1995. Mollusks on postage stamps update.
Of Sea & Shore 18(1): 15-17, numerous unnumbered
figs.
RICE, T. 1995. To Anilao, Balicasag and points in
between, continued from the last issue. Of Sea &
Shore 18(l):23-26, 5 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1996. Shells on stamps. Of Sea & Shore
18(4):233-234, 1 unnumbered fig.
RICE, T. 1996. A checklist of mollusks on postage
stamps. Of Sea & Shore Publications: Port Gamble,
Washington. 89 p.
RICE, T. 1996. Cinderella stamps. La Conchiglia
28(279):57-58, 7 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1998. Destination paradise. Of Sea & Shore
21(1): 17-19, 54. 5 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1998. Drew & Tom's excellent adventures.
Of Sea & Shore 21(2): 107-1 1 1, 6 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1998. Drew & Tom's excellent adventures,
continued. Of Sea & Shore 21(3): 161-169, 15
unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1999. Travels with Tom. Of Sea & Shore
Vol. XXXn(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 55
22(l):45-55, 36, 17 unnumbered figs.
RICE, T. 1999. Memories are made of this: Shelling
throughout the years. Of Sea & Shore 22(2): 101-1 13, 20
unnumbered figs.
RINALDI, A.C. 1997. About Erosaria marginalis
Dillwyn, 1827 (Cypraeidae, Prosobranchia). La
Conchiglia 29(282):55-59, figs. 1-6.
RIOS, E. de C. 1994. Seashells of Brazil, 2nd edition.
Editoria da Furg: Rio Grande, Brazil. 368 p., 113 pis.
ROBERTS, T. 1996. Shelling in Western Australia:
Margaret River to Montebello. Of Sea & Shore 19(1): 15-
18, 2 unnumbered figs.
ROBERTS, T. 1997. Vietnam - A different world. Of
Sea & Shore 20(3): 137-144, 7 unnumbered figs.
ROCHA, C. de A., H. MATTHEWS-CASCON & H.R.
MATTHEWS. 1994. Estudo morfologico comparative
de Cyphoma signatum Pilsbry e McGinty, 1939 e
Cyphoma macumba Petuch, 1979 (Mollusca: Gastropoda:
Ovulidae). Revista Nordestina de Biologia 9(2): 149-161,
figs. 1-8 [Portuguese with English abstract and
summary].
ROSENBERG, G. 1997. Why do shells have their
colors? American Conchologists 25(l):25-26, 1
unnumbered fig.
ROSENBERG, G. 1997. Conchatenations: What's a
good name? American Conchologist 25(3):28-29.
RUJDER, B. 1994. Two more Cypraea lentiginosa
reported from Habonim, Israel. Levantina 80:16.
SAVAZZI, E. 1998. The colour patterns of cypraeid
gastropods. Lethaia 31:15-27, figs. 1-7.
SCHELTEMA, R.S., I.P. WILLIAMS & P.S. LOBEL.
1996. Retention around and long-distance dispersal
between oceanic islands by planktonic larvae of benthic
gastropod Mollusca. American Malacological Bulletin
12(1/2): 67-75, figs. 1-6.
*SCHNEEDER, N. 1997. A late Pleistocene Cypraea
(Macrocypraea) cervinetta. The Festivus 29(6):53, figs. 1-2.
♦SCHNEIDER, N. 1999 Not all shells in Baja California
are Recent (A new listing of molluscan species from the
Mulege Formation and environs). The Festivus 31(1):3-
16, figs. 1-12.
SCHWABE, E. 1998. Die mollusken fauna von Western
Samoa. Club Conchylia 30(4/6):93-106, 36 unnumbered
figs. [German].
SENDERS, J. & R. SENDERS. 1995. Some particular
uses of seashells. La Conchiglia 27(276): 16-19, figs. 1-8.
SHIGEO, H., E. TSUCHIDA, A. GO & K.
NAKAGUCHI. 1999. A record of Crenavolva
(Cuspivolva) mucronata Azuma & Cate from 240-302 m
deep off Amami-Oshima Island. Chiribotan 30(2):27-31,
figs. 1-4 [Japanese with English abstract].
♦SHOU-REN, Y. 1997. Holocene marine molluscs on
the south coast of Hainan Island and their climatic
features. Acta Paleontologica Sinica 36(4):453-472,
fig. 1, pis. 1-3 [Chinese with English summary].
SIMONE, L.R.L. de, 1998. Morphological study of
caenogastropod superfamilies as base for a
phylogenetic revaluation [abstract]. In: Bieler, R. &
Mikkelsen, P.M. (eds.), Abstracts of the World
Congress of Malacology, p. 305.
♦SIMONE, L.R.L. de & S. MEZZALIRA. 1994.
Fossil molluscs of Brazil. Institute Geologico Sao
Paulo Boletim 11:1 -202, pis . 1-51.
SIMONET, O. 1994. Cypraea thomasi Crosse, 1865:
A Marquesan cowrie. Hawaiian Shell News 42(4): 1, 6-
7, 1 unnumbered fig, pi. 1.
SMALL, M. 1994. Clipperton '94: An initial report.
The Festivus 26(7): 78-83, figs. 1-3.
SMALL, M. 1994. Marine gastropod habitats of
western Panama. The Festivus 26(10): 107-122, figs. 1-13.
SMALL, M. 1995. Clipperton: Where the Panamic and
Indo-Pacific meet. World Shells 13:108-112, figs. 1-5.
SMITH, L. 1998. An exhibit at a hobbies fair.
Strandloper 250:7, 1 unnumbered fig.
SMITH, L. 1998. ‘Kilbumalia.’ The Strandloper
254:1, 6, figs. K1-K7, 1 unnumbered fig.
SMRIGLIO, C. & P. MARIOTTINI. 1999. An
exceptional specimen of Cypraea grayana, Schilder,
1930. La Conchiglia 30(290):4748, figs. 1-7.
SNYDERMAN, M. 1998. California Marine Life.
Roberts Rinehart Publishers: Niwot, Colorado, xi+180 p.
SPRINGER, M. 1994. Collecting in the Philippines.
Of Sea & Shore 17(l):49-52, figs. 1-11.
SPRINGER, S. & M. SPRINGER, 1996. Shelling in
Costa Rica. Of Sea & Shore 19(l):21-22.
♦SQUIRES, R.L. & R.A. DEMETRION. 1994. New
reports of Eocene mollusks from the Bateque
Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The Veliger
37(2): 125-135, figs. 1-22.
♦SQUIRES, R.L. & J.L. GOEDERT. 1994.
Macropaleontology of the Eocene Crescent Formation
in the Little River area, southern Olympic Peninsula,
Washington. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County Contributions in Science 444:1-32, figs. 1-62.
♦SQUIRES, R.L., J.L. GOEDERT, S.R. BENHAM
& L.T. GROVES. 1996. Protoconch of the rare ovulid
gastropod Cypraeogemmula wamerae Effinger, 1938,
from the Eocene of Washington. The Veliger
39(2): 151-156, figs. 1-8.
STAPLIN, F.L. Another look at snakeheads. Hawaiian
Page 56
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
Shell News 42(12):3-4.
STEENE, R. 1994. Coral reefs: Nature’s richest realm.
Crescent Books: New York. 336 p., 336 pis.
SUNDERLAND, K. & L. SUNDERLAND. 1994.
Selected Florida and Caribbean shells in the Florida
Museum of Natural History, Gainsville. American
Conchologist 22(1): 14-15, 24 unnumbered figs.
TAUBES, G. 1998. Wall Street smarts. Discover
19(10): 104-1 12. Numerous unnumbered figs.
THACH, N.N. 1998. Preliminary observations on the
Vietnamese shells. Of Sea & Shore 21(l):20-26, figs.
1-83.
THORSSON, W. 1999. Dr. C.M. Burgess 1908-1999.
Of Sea & Shore 22(1): 15.
*TOMIDA S. 1996. Late Neogene tropical and
subtropical molluscan faunas from the south Fossa-
Magna region, central Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami
Fossil Museum 23:89-140, figs. 1-7, pis. 24-34.
*TRACEY, S., J.A. TODD, J. Le RENARD, C. KING
& M. GOODCHILD. 1996. Distribution of Mollusca in
units SI to S9 of the Selsey Formation (middle Lutetian),
Selsey Peninsula, West Sussex. Tertiary Research 16(1-
4):97-139, fig. 1, pis. 1-3.
TREGO, K.D. 1994. Cypraea from Diego Garcia. The
Cowry n.s. 1(2):42.
TREGO, K. 1996. Mid-shell hole repair in marine
Gastropoda: An example in Cypraea friendii Gray, 1831
(Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Arion 2 1(3): 75, figs. 1-2.
TSUCHIDA, E., T. KUROZUMI & A. GO. 1999. A
new record of Trivia (Trivirostra ) hallucinata Liltved
from off Kerama Retto, southern Japan. Chiribotan
29(3):51-56, figs. 1-4 [Japanese with English abstract].
TURGEON, D.D. (Chair) + Mothers. 1998. Common
and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the
United States and Canada: Mollusks, second edition.
American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26:
Bethesda, Maryland, ix + 509 p., 45 unnumbered figs,
van den BERG, J. 1996. A tour of discovery along the
Cape coast. Strandloper 245:7-11, 22 unnumbered figs,
van den BERG, J. 1997. Happy finds of a nutty shell
collector. Strancfloper 251:8-9, 8 unnumbered figs,
van den BERG, L. 1994. The magic of the cowrie-either
fertility or currency. Strandloper 237:11, 1 unnumbered
fig-
VELDSMAN, V. 1998. Interessante fonds van suid
Natal. The Strandloper 254:10-11, figs. 1-5 [Affikaan].
VOKES, E.H. 1998. The mystery of Murex
margaritensis Abbott, 1958. American Conchologist
26(3): 4-6, 5 unnumbered figs.
WATERS, D.R., E.J. PETUCH & N. SERRAND.
1999. Anomalous distributions of Vasum globulus :
Discordant records of an endemic gastropod in
archaeologica and modem contexts. Caribbean Journal
of Science 35(l-2):83-92, figs. 1-5.
WATTS, D. 1997. Recent finds. Electronic Hawaiian
Shell News, March 1997:4-5, 3 unnumbered figs.
WEBB, R. 1995. After reading Sue's article, someone
said "So what shells did you collect?" Hawaiian Shell
News 43(9): 12, 2 unnumbered figs.
WELLS, F.E. 1994. Ecology and geomorphology of
the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine molluscs of the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin
410:1-22.
*' WILSON, B.R. 1998. Superfamily Cypraeoidea and
superfamily Velutinoidea. In: Beesley, P.L., Ross,
G.J.B. & Wells, A. (eds.), Mollusca: The Southern
Synthesis. Fauna of Australia 5, part B. CSIRO
Publishing: Melbourne, Australia, p. 780-786, figs.
15.130-15.131 [Cypraeoidea], p. 786-790, figs.
15.132-15.133 [Velutinoidea].
YAMAGUCHI, M. 1995. Aquaculture and stock
enhancement of reef moluscs. Phuket Marine
Biological Center Special Publication 15:45-50.
YAMAGUCHI, M. 1998. Edible molluscs from
tropical seagrass-beds in the Indo-Pacific— past and
present. Asian Marine Biology 15:211-224, figs. 1-5.
YOSHIMOTO, D. 1999. The New Banks shell
collection aboard the Endeavor. American
Conchologist 27(4): 8-9, 2 unnumbered figs.
ZIDEK, J. & J.H. BLACK. 1994. Lt.-Col. R.J.
Griffiths and his cowry journal. The Cowry n.s.
1(1): 1-4, 2 unnumbered figs.
PRE-1994 CYPRAEOEDEAN AND TRTVIOIDEAN
REFERENCES
The following pre-1994 cypraeoidean and
trivioidean literature was overlooked or unknown to
the author at the time of publication of Groves (1994).
ABBOTT, R.T. 1991. Seashells of Southeast Asia.
Graham Brash (Pte) Ltd.: London. 145 p., 52 pis.
ABBOTT, R.T. 1993. Seashells of the Northern
Hemisphere. Longmeadow Press: Stamford,
Connecticut. 191 p., numerous unnumbered figs.
*AGUILAR, T. & R. FISCHER. 1986. Moluscos de
la Formation Montezuma (Plioceno-
Pleistoceno; Costa Rica). Geologica et Palaeontologica
20:209-241, figs. 1-6, pis. 1-6 [German with English
summary].
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 57
ALAMO V., V. & V. VALDIVEESO, M. 1987. Lista
sistematica de moluscos marinos del Peru. Institute* del
Mar del Peru Boletln, volumen extraordinario, p. 1-205,
figs. 1-406 [Spanish].
*AMANO, K. 1992. Cypraea ohiroi and its associated
molluscan species from the Miocene Kadonosawa
Formation, northeast Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami
Fossil Museum 19:405-411, figs. 1-2, pi. 57.
* ANDERSON, H.-J. 1975. Die fauna der Palaocanen
Htickelhovener Schichten aus dem Schacht Sophia Jacoba
6 (Erkelenzer Horst, Niederrheinische Bucht). Teil 3:
Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda. Geologica et
Palaeontologica 9:141-171, pis. 11-16 [German].
*ANGIER, N. 1982. Time machines in the sea. Discover
3(8):5 1-53, 3 unnumbered figs.
ANONYMOUS. 1969-1970. Comments please. Keppel
Bay Tidings 8(5):4, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1970. March trip to Humpy Island.
Keppel Bay Tidings 8(6):8.
ANONYMOUS. 1970. Correspondence comer. Keppel
Bay Tidings 9(2):8.
ANONYMOUS. 1970. Extract from a letter from Prof.
Dr. F.A. Schilder. Keppel Bay Tidings 9(3):5.
ANONYMOUS. 1970-1971. Another Cypraea guttata.
Keppel Bay Tidings 9(5):6.
ANONYMOUS. 1971. British shells from the south west
coast. The Atlantic coast of Cornwall. Newquay and
Fistral (50°24'N, 5°54'W). Keppel Bay Tidings 10(2):7,
1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1978. Sea feature. Sea Frontiers 24(2):
inside back cover, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1984. Le conchiglie l’uomo un
complesso rapporto millwnario. Hobby Fauna
International News l(l):3-4, 2 unnumbered figs.
[Italian].
ANONYMOUS. 1984-1985. Cypraeidae. Isole Filippine.
Hobby Fauna International News (l):8-9, 6 unnumbered
figs.; 1(2): 12-13, 10 unnumbered figs. [Italian].
ANONYMOUS. 1988. Recent find. Hawaiian Shell
News 36(6):6, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1988. World size records. Hawaiian
Shell News 36(6):6.
ANONYMOUS. 1988. Cypraea exhibit. Hawaiian Shell
News 36(8): 8, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1988. Reefcombings: New limits on
Cypraea thersites. Hawaiian Shell News 36(1 1):2.
ANONYMOUS. 1989. Display of endemic Hawaiian
marine shells presented to governor of Hawaii. Hawaiian
Shell News 37(1): 1, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1989. World size records. Hawaiian
Shell News 37(3): 12.
ANONYMOUS. 1989. Shells are where you find ’urn!
Hawaiian Shell News 37(8): 10.
ANONYMOUS. 1989. Recent find. Hawaiian Shell
News 37(10): 12.
ANONYMOUS. 1989. New shell stamps from
Thailand. Hawaiian Shell News 37(1 1):8, 1
unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1990. Anyone for gold plated
cowries? Hawaiian Shell News 38(7):6, 1 unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1991. News of new species.
Lunovula finleyi. Hawaiian Shell News 39(7):6, 1
unnumbered fig.
ANONYMOUS. 1992. Publication announcement: The
Cowry n.s. Hawaiian Shell News 40(10): 6.
ANONYMOUS. 1993. Other points of view. Hawaiian
Shell News 41(2):4.
ANONYMOUS. 1993. A world-record Cypraea.
Hawaiian Shell News 41(5): 12.
ANONYMOUS. 1993. A repeat honor for E.R. Cross.
Hawaiian Shell News 41(6):6.
ANONYMOUS. 1993. Cypraea animals sought.
Hawaiian Shell News 41(11): 12.
*ASHBY, J.R. & J.A. MINCH. 1986. Stratigraphy
and paleoecology of the Mulege Embayment, Baja
California Sur, Mexico. Ciencias Marinas 13(2):89-
112, figs. 1-4.
AZUMA, M. 1984. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). VI. Genera
Alcyvolva Cate, 1973, Cymbovula Cate, 1973, Dissona
Cate, 1973, Hiatavolva Cate, 1973, Kuroshiovolva
Azuma & Cate, 1971, and Phenacovolva Iredale, 1939
( Pellasimnia Iredale, 1931). Hyogo Biology 8(5):275-
286, figs. 1-18, pi. 1 [Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1985. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). VII. Genus
Phenacovolva Iredale, 1939 ( Turbovula , Cate, 1973).
Hyogo Biology 9(1): 17-21, figs. 19-2 la, pi. 1
[Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1986. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). VIII. Genus
Phenacovolva Iredale, 1939. ( Turbovula , Cate, 1973).
Hyogo Biology 9(2):98-100, figs. 22-23 [Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1987. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). X. Genus
Phenacovolva Iredale, 1939, ( Calcarovula , Cate,
1973). Hyogo Biology 9(3): 165-167, figs. 24-25
[Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1988. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). XI. Subgenus
Page 58
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
Calcarovula Cate, 1973 and genus Volva Roding, 1798.
Hyogo Biology 9(4):228-230, figs. 26-30 [Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1989. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae (Gastropoda). XIU.
Supplement 2. Hyogo Biology 9(5):286-288, figs. 1-8
[Japanese].
AZUMA, M. 1994. Systematic studies on the Recent
Japanese family Ovulidae. XV. Supplement 4. Chiribotan
25(2): 43-48, pis. 1-2 [Japanese],
*BABA, K. 1992. Molluscan fossil assemblages from the
Nakatsu Group, Kanagawa Prefecture, central Japan.
Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 19:529-541,
fig. 1, pi. 69.
BANDEL, K. 1991 . Ontogenetic changes reflected in the
morphology of the molluscan shell. In: Schmidt-Kittler,
N. & Vogel, K. (eds.). Constructional Morphology and
Evolution. Springer- Verlag: Berlin, p. 211-230, figs. 1-6.
♦BANDEL, K. 1993. Caenogastropoda during Mesozoic
times. Scripta Geologica, Special Issue 2:7-56, pis. 1-15.
BANISTER, K. & A. CAMPBELL., 1985. The
Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life. Facts on File: New York,
New York, xii + 349 p. + xvi-xxxiii, numerous
unnumbered figs.
BARASH, A. & Z. DANIN. 1987. Notes on the
antilessepsian migration of Mediterranean species of
Mollusca into the Indo-Pacific region. Gloria Maris 25(5-
6) : 8 1 - 1 00 .
BARLETTA, G. & A. CASTELLI. 1978. Nota sul
ritrovamento di quattro esemplari vivi di Cypraea
macandrewi Sowerby, 1870 in Mar Rosso (Gastropoda:
Cypraeidae). Conchiglie 14(1 1-12): 195-204, pi. 1 [h>lack
& white], pi. 1 [color] [Italian].
BARNETT, J.L. 1989. Some thoughts on shell collecting
and present and future shell availability in the
Philippines. Hawaiian Shell News 37(l):7-8.
BARNETT, J.L. 1990. Philippine shells in art. Hawaiian
Shell News 38(5): 1, 4, 9 unnumbered figs.; 38(5):5, 2
unnumbered figs.
BARNEY, W. 1989. Reef walking in Fiji. Hawaiian
Shell News 37(10): 11.
BARRAND, C. 1990-1991. Cowries and Holidays.
Hawaiian Shell News 38(12):5 [1990]; Part II. 39(2):5,
7, 3 unnumbered figs. [1991]; Part DI. 39(2):3-4 [1991].
BELTMAN, M. 1991. Cape of Good Hope, also called
Cape of Sorrows. Hawaiian Shell News 39(6):9.
*BEU, A.G. 1990. Molluscan generic diversity of New
Zealand Neogene stages: extinction and biostratigraphic
events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology 77:279-288, figs. 1-2.
BIELER, R. & A. BRADFORD, 1991. Annotated
catalog of type specimens in the malacological
collection of the Delaware Museum of Natural History.
Nemouria 36:1-48.
BIGGS, H.E.J. 1973. The marine Mollusca of the
Trucial Coast, Persian Gulf. Bulletin of the British
Museum (Natural History) 24(8):343-421, figs 1-10, pis. 1-6.
BIRAGHI, G. 1992. Erosaria guttata surinensis
Raybaudi and Umbilia armeniaca Verco. La
Conchiglia 23(264):32, figs. 1-5.
BIRAGHI, G. 1992. Anthologia Iconica IX. A Lyncina
leucodon from the Andaman Sea. La Conchiglia
23(264):32-33, 1 unnumbered fig.
BISHOP, M.J. & S.J. BISHOP. 1973. A census of
marine prosobranch gastropods at San Diego,
California. The Veliger 16(2): 143-152.
BLANNING, A. 1970. Personal notes. Keppel Bay
Tidings 8(6):8.
BLOCHER, M. 1984. The disturbing question of new
species. Hawaiian Shell News 32(11): 3.
BOORMAN, B. 1970. Transporting live shells.
Keppel Bay Tidings 9(2):3.
BRADNER, H. 1983. SEM studies of Cypraea radulae
D. Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report 15:16.
BRADNER, H. 1984. Try this on your stereoptican.
Hawaiian Shell News 32(11): 10, 1 unnumbered fig.
BRADNER, H. 1988. More on Easter Island Cypraea
cemica. Hawaiian Shell News 36(3):7.
BRADNER, H. 1989. Cypraea luchuana as a valid
species. Hawaiian Shell News 37(6):5, 2 unnumbered figs.
BRATCHER, T. 1987. Remote, barren Rowley Shoals
has its charm. Hawaiian Shell News 35(1): 1, 9-10, 3
unnumbered figs.
BROST, F.B. & R.D. COALE. 1971. A guide to shell
collecting in the Kwajalein Atoll. Charles E. Tuttle
Company: Rutland, Vermont, xii + 157 p., fronds. +
33 figs.
♦BRUNT, M.A., M.E.C. GIGLIOLI, J.D.
MATHER, D.J.W. PIPER & H.G. RICHARDS.
1973. The Pleistocene rocks of the Cayman Islands.
Geological Magazine 11 0(3): 209-221, figs. 1-4.
BUITRAGO, J. & J. CAPELO. 1993. Los moluscos
bentonicos de la region suuoriental de la Bahia de
Pozuelos, Puerto de la Cruz, Venezuela. Memoria
Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 53(223) :27-
37, fig. 1 [Spanish with English Abstract].
BURCH, B.L. 1992. William Swainson (1798-1855):
England's first lithographer of mollusks. Hawaiian
Shell News 40(10): 1, 4, 6 unnumbered figs.
BURCH, J.Q., Mrs. 1993. Collecting on a Sonoran
Beach. Hawaiian Shell News 41(3):9, 1 unnumbered fig.
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 59
[reprinted from Minutes of the Conchological Club of
Southern California, 1948].
BURGESS, C.M. 1989. Cypraea cruenta var. tortirostris
var. nov. Hawaiian Shell News 37(12): 11, 1
unnumbered fig.
BURGESS, C.M. 1991-1992. The Mariel King exp-
edition through the Moluccas II . Davao. Hawaiian Shell
News 39(9): 2-3, 1 unnumbered fig. [1991]; Arrival of
the Pele. 39(10):2-3, 1 unnumbered fig. [1991]; Manado.
39(1 1):3, 1 unnumbered fig. [1991]; Ambon. 39(12): 10,
1 unnumbered fig. [1991]; The Banda Sea. 40(l):4-5
[1992]; Islands visited. 40(3):5 [1992]; The final chapter
40(4): 1, 4 [1992].
BURGESS, W.E. 1986. Book critique of Cowries of the
World by C.M. Burgess. Tropical Fish Hobbyist
34(8):53, 56-57, 60-61, 5 unnumbered figs.
BUTLER, A. 1990. Eye of the wind. Hawaiian Shell
News 38(7):5-6.
BUTLER, A. 1991. Diving in the Philippines and Sulu
Sea. Hawaiian Shell News 39(4):9-10, 3 unnumbered figs.
BUYSE, J.A. 1992. Indian Ocean cowries usied [sic] in
farmer's round game in Holland. Hawaiian Shell News
40(1 1):3, figs. 1-6.
CAILLEEZ, J.-C. 1987. Even a bivalve can turn
anticlockwise. Hawaiian Shell News 35(5): 1, 4, figs. 1-8.
♦CAMPBELL, L.D. 1993. Pliocene molluscs from the
Yorktown and Chowan River Formations in Virginia.
Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 127:
vii + 257, figs. 1-3, pis. 1-43.
♦CAMPBELL, L.D. & S.C. CAMPBELL. 1976.
Revision of Tuomey and Holmes' Pleiocene fossils of
South Carolina. Geologic Notes, South Carolina Division
of Geology 20(3): 101-1 14.
♦CAPASSO, L.L. 1976. Prima segnalazione del genere
Cypraea nel Cretaceo del Matese (Appennino
meridionale). Conchiglie 12(9-10):21 1-215, figs. A-B
[Italian].
♦CARTER, R.M. 1968. On the biology and paleontology
of some predators of bivalved Mollusca.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
4:29-65, figs. 1-10, pis. 1-2.
♦CARTER, R.M. 1972. Wanganui strata of Komako
District, Pohangina Valley, Ruahine Range, Manawatu.
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2(3):293-
324, figs. 1-11.
CARTERET, N. de. 1993. Niue Island adventures.
Hawaiian Shell News 41(2): 12, 2 unnumbered figs.
♦CHAPMAN, F. 1926. Geological notes on Neumerella,
and the section from Baimsdale to Orbost. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Victoria NS, 38:125-142, figs. 1-
2, pi. 10.
CHARTER, B. 1988. Shell wealth of Mina Qaboos.
Hawaiian Shell News 36(6): 1, 7, 1 unnumbered fig.
CLOVER, P.W. 1971. Description of a new cowry
from Taiwan. Keppel Bay Tidings 10(2):8, 2
unnumbered figs.
CLOVER, P.W. 1988. Fakes or works of art?
Hawaiian Shell News 36(12): 13, 1 unnumbered fig.
COOK, B. 1991. Recent finds. Hawaiian Shell News
39(10):6, 2 unnumbered figs.
CORNFIELD, G. 1988. Papua New Guinea and
Palau. Hawaiian Shell News 36(1): 10.
CORNFIELD, G. 1988. Aboard the yacht Loreley.
Hawaiian Shell News 36(10): 1, 3 unnumbered figs.
CORNFIELD, G. 1988. Idyllic islands and dynamite.
Hawaiian Shell News 36(1 1):3-4, 3 unnumbered figs.
CORNFIELD, G. 1988. Shell shops of Cebu.
Hawaiian Shell News 36(1 2) :9, 2 unnumbered figs.
CORNFIELD, G. 1992. Further adventures of
Loreley. Hawaiian Shell News 40(1 2): 6-7, figs. 1-9.
COSSIGNANI, T., V. COSSIGNANI, A. Di NISIO
& M. PASSAMONTI. 1992. Atlante delle conchiglie
del medio Adriatico. Mostra Mondiale Malacologia:
Cupra Marittima, Italy. 40 p., 417 figs. -I- numerous
unnumbered figs. [Italian].
COSTA, F.H.A. 1993. O efeito indesejado das cores.
Com fun?ao de defesa, colorido dos moluscos acaba
atraindo depredadores humanos. Ciencia Hoje
15(89):60-61, figs. l-7b [Portuguese].
♦COTTON, B.C. 1952. The Mollusca of the
Adelaidean Stage. Appendix IV. Department of Mines
Bulletin 27:1-11.
COUCOM, C. 1969-1970. Cypraea cribraria from
Queensland. Keppel Bay Tidings 8(5): 1 , 4, 1
unnumbered fig.
♦COVACEVICH C., V. & D. FRASSINETTI C.
1980. El genero Ficus en el Mioceno de Chile central
con description de F. gay ana sp. nov. Boletin Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile 37:281-294,
figs. 1-10 [Spanish with English abstract].
COWIE, R. 1992. Burch Cypraea collection comes to
Bishop Museum. Hawaiian Shell News 40(2):9.
CRAM, D. 1973. Notocypraea— Valid species and
variations. Australian Shell News 4:6-7, figs. 1-4,
12 unnumbered figs.
♦CRESPIN, I. 1926. The Geology of Green Gully,
Keilor, with special reference to the fossiliferous beds.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria NS,
38:100-124, figs. 1-2, pis. 7-9.
CURREY, J.D. 1975. A comparison of the strength of
Page 60
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXIR4): 2000
echinoderm spines and mollusc shells. Journal of the
Biological Association of the United Kingdom 55:419-
424, figs. 1-2.
CURRIN, N. 1971. Cypraea jackpot!!! The Festivus
2(1): 10.
CURTIS, F. 1966. Molluscan species from early
southern California archaeological sites. Bulletin of the
Southern California Academy of Sciences 65(2): 107-127.
DANCE, S.P. & D. HEPPELL. 1991. Classic
Natural History Prints: Shells. Studio Editions Ltd:
London. 128 p., 60 unnumbered pis.
*DAVIDASCHVILI, L.S. 1937. On the ecology of
animals of the middle Miocene reefs of Ukraninan SSR.
Problems of Paleontology, vols. 2-3. Publications of the
Laboratory of Paleontology, Moscow University:
Moscow, USSR. p. 537-563, figs. 1-2, pis. 1-2 [Russian
with English summary].
DAYLE, B. 1988. Happy days. Hawaiian Shell News
36(10):4, 10.
DAYLE, B. 1991. News from the Indian subcontinent.
Hawaiian Shell News 39(7):5.
♦DELPEY, G. 1941. Gasteropodes marins:
Paleontologie— Stratigrphie . Memories de la Societe
Geologique de France, nouvele serie, 43:1-114, pis. 1-28
[French].
DERJUGIN, K.M. 1950. New data on the taxonomy,
morphology, and biology of the genus Velutina Flem.
(Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lamellariidae). Studies on the
Far Eastern Seas of the USSR 2:7-27, pis. 1-5 [Russian].
♦DEVRIES, T.J. 1986. The geology and paleontology of
tablazos in northwest Peru [PhD. dissertation]. Ohio
State University, Columbus, 964 p.
*DOLIN, C., L. DOLIN & P. LOZOUET, 1985.
Paleoecology of some classic Tertiary localities in the
Aquitaine and Paris Basins of France. Mississippi
Geology 5(4):4-12, fig. 1, pi. 1.
DOMANESCHI, O. & L. PENNA-NEME. 1984.
Famflia Ovulidae Fleming, 1822. Informativo Sociedade
Brasileira de Malacologia 39:9-12, fig. 1, 1 unnumbered
pi. [Portuguese].
DONNEDU, M. & B. MANUNZA. 1987-1990. La
famiglia Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815 nel Mar
Mediterraneo. Part I, Introduction. Argonauta 3(5-
6):31 1-325, 13 unnumbered figs. [1987]; Part 13,
Zonaria pyrum pyrum (Gmelin, 1791), 4(2-4): 18-24,
figs. 21-30 [1988]; Part HI, Schilderia achatidea (Gray
in Sowerby, 1837), 5(5-6):67-72, figs. 65-68 [1989];
Part IV, Erronea caurica Linneo, 1758, 6(4-5):85-92,
figs. 86-95 [1990].
NOTE: Parts I & D were erroneously listed as
"Mauro, D. & Bruno, M." in Groves (1994) due to a
printing error in Argonauta. All four parts are
correctly listed above with my apologies to the authors.
♦DONOHUE, M.D. & N.S. GORDON. 1967. Fossil
Finds in Maryland: A Retrospective Bibliography.
University of Maryland Libraries: College Park,
Maryland, v + 233 p.
♦Du BAR, J.R. 1962. Check list of Waccamaw and
Croatan (Pliocene?) macrofossils of North and South
Carolina. Geologic Notes, South Carolina Division of
Geology 6(3):25-41.
DUNLAP, E.A. 1989. What's in a name? Or, how
split can you be? Hawaiian Shell News 37(3) :5.
DUNLAP, E.A. 1989. Shelling on Wake Island
update: 1988. Hawaiian Shell News 37(5):9.
♦DURHAM, J.W. 1952. Early Tertiary marine faunas
and continental drift. American Journal of Science
250:321-343, fig. 1.
♦DURHAM, J.W. A.R.V. ARELLANO & J.H.
PECK, Jr. 1955. Evidence for no Cenozoic isthmus of
Tehuantepec seaways. Bulletin of the Geological
Society of America 66(8): 977-992, figs. 1-3, pis. 1-2.
DURKEE, L. 1991. Shelling on the windy side.
Hawaiian Shell News 39(6): 12, 4 unnumbered figs.
DY, B.K. 1988. Odd Cypraea tigris. Hawaiian Shell
News 36(10):8, 1 unnumbered fig.
DY, B.K. 1991. Two beach shells. Hawaiian Shell
News 39(2):4, 1 unnumbered fig.
DY, B.K. 1991. Molluscan connections. Hawaiian
Shell News 39(1 1):7, 4 unnumbered figs.
♦EASTON, W.H. 1960. Invertebrate Paleontology.
Harper & Brothers Publishers: New York, New York,
xii -I- 701 p., numerous figures.
EMMERICH, K. 1980. Shells on postage stamps
around the world. Tropical Philatelic Publishers:
Fullerton, California. 110p., numerous unnumbered figs.
FAINZILBER, M. 1984. Red Sea news. Levantina
48:555-556.
FAINZILBER, M. 1988. Red Sea diver’s impression
of Hawaii. Hawaiian Shell News 36(1):4, 1 unnumbered fig.
FEENE, P. & M. SEVERNS, 1988. Pohnpei.
Hawaiian Shell News 36(2): 1, 5-6, 1 unnumbered fig.
♦FINSLEY, C. 1989. A Field Guide to Fossils of
Texas. Texas Monthly Press: Austin, Texas, xii + 189
p., 40 figs., 106 pis.
♦FLEMING, C.A. 1967. Cenozoic history of Indo-
Pacific and other warm-water elements in the marine
Mollusca of New Zealand. Venus 25(3-4): 105-1 17, figs. 1-6.
FRANK, P.W. 1969. Growth rates and longevity of
some gastropod mollusks on the coral reef at
Vol. XXXII(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 61
Heron Island. Oecologia 2(2):232-250, figs. 1-3.
FREESE, U.E. 1973. Marine Invertebrates. T.F.H.
Publications, Ltd.: Neptune City, New Jersey, 240 p.,
numerous unnumbered figs.
GALINDO, E.S. 1977. Index and register of seashells
(with cross references). Libreria de Parrua Hermanos y
Cia, S.A., Mexico, xlvi + 524 p., numerous
unnumbered figs.
GARCIA, E. 1971. In search of Cypraea mus Linne,
1758. Keppel Bay Tidings 10(2):5, 1 unnumbered fig.
GERARD, V. 1989. Dredging the Gulf of Trieste.
Hawaiian Shell News 37(11): 12, 5 unnumbered figs.
GHISELIN, M.T. 1964. Morphological and behavioral
concealing adaptations of Lamellaria steamsii, a marine
prosobranch gastropod. The Veliger 6(3): 123-124, pi. 16.
*GEBSON-SMITH, J. 1976. A new taxon in the genus
Charonia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Pliocene of
Venezuela, and its implications. Boletain Asociaciaon
Venezolana de Geologaia Mineraia y Petroleo 19(1): 1-
17, figs. 1-2, pi. 1.
*GEBSON-SMITH, J. & W. GIBSON-SMITH. 1979.
The genus Arcinella (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in Venezuela
and some associated faunas. GEOS 24:11-32, fig. 1, pis. 1-3.
GIUDICE, A. 1990. La famiglia Ovulidae Fleming,
1822 nel Mar Mediterraneo. Argonauta 6(4-5): 100-103,
figs. 104-105.
GOLIKOV, A.N. & V.V. GULBIN. 1990. On the
system of the family Velutinidae Gray, 1842
(Gastropoda). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute,
Leningrad 218:105-129, figs. 1-6 [Russian].
GOMERSALL, N. & V. GOMERSALL. 1971. A list of
‘true cowries’ inhabiting Hervey Bay, Queensland.
Australian Newsletter, n.s. 15:1-2, 3 pis.
GOOD, B. 1972. Aquarium observations. The Festivus
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Page 66
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(4): 2000
♦PORTELL, R.W., K.S. SCHINDLER & G.S.
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Vol. XXXI3(4): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 67
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The Feativue
A«. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on: 04-20-2000
Page 68
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXDC4): 2000
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QL401
. F41Q
v. XXXII
ISSN 0738-9388
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XXXII May 11, 2000 Number: 5
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Kay Klaus
Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Species Identification: A Discussion of Genetic vs Morphologic Methods
Club member Kent Trego will give a shell and animal characters and/or genetic
presentation discussing identification of species using characters. He will illustrate his talk with slides.
Big Sale of New Plastic Boxes (see page 70)
Meeting date: May 18, 2000
Shells of the month: epitoniums
CONTENTS
Club news 70
The Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) - a preliminary and brief account of molluscan finds resulting
from a recent expedition.
Clay Bryce 71
A record size for the razor clam Siliqua patula
John A. Bishop
77
Page 70
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXU(5): 2000
CLUB NEWS
The Auction/Potluck
The affair was a huge success! Over fifty people,
members and guests, joined at Wes Farmer’s Clubhouse
to enjoy another auction/potluck — and enjoy they did.
The activities began at 5:00 p.m. with Dave’s punch,
soft drinks and appetizers as members socialized,
perused the auction table with all its treasures, and the
silent auction loaded with bargains. At 6:00 p.m. the
dinner began with many special dishes prepared for the
occasion. The food was delicious and there was an
abundance of it.
By 7:00 p.m. when the voice auction began, all
were sated and mellow. And what an auction it was!
Auctioneer Carole Hertz opened the auction with the
usual instructions and then chose as the first shell on the
block, a very large, beautiful Voluta nodiplicala and the
game began. Bidding was fast, fun and furious. Even
though the auction began promptly and moved along
rapidly, it didn’t end until 10:30 p.m. And very few
people left early — there were still gems on the table at
the very end.
Many members worked hard to make the affair the
fun it always is -- the board members that prepare the
shells for the auction and set up the venue and those
who remain to help with the cleanup. Then there are
those friends who donated the shells and related items
that make the auction possible. They are: Ed Boyd,
Marge & Hugh Bradner, Twila Bratcher-Critchlow,
Billee Gerrodette, Carole & Jules Hertz, Linda & Kim
Hutsell, John Jackson, Scott Jordan, Kirstie Kaiser, Kay
Klaus, Mike Mason, Margaret & Dave Mulliner,
Charlotte & Hal Norrid, Rosemary & Frank Pierce,
Jeanne & Don Pisor, Chuck Reitz, Dale Roberts, Barry
Roth, Nancy & Bill Schneider, Mark Scott, Carol
Skoglund, Kent Trego and Charlie Waters. The Club’s
thanks to you all.
And last but definitely not least — a special thank
you goes to Wes Farmer who has willingly hosted the
party year after year.
Too Late for the Roster
Waters, Charles, 2703 Hutchison, Vista, CA 92084, (760)
941-2067.
Trego, Kent B., 441 Ravina St., Apt. #3, La Jolla, CA
92037, (858) 456-7655.
Change of Address
Levin, Debra J., 1848 Rust Ridge PI. #202, Corona,
CA 92881, (909) 898-3945, E-mail: levinj@att.net
The 46th Annual Greater San Diego Science
and Engineering Fair
For the 28th consecutive year, the San Diego Shell
Club has participated in the Science Fair. This year the
Club judges were Terry Arnold (chair), Carole Hertz
and Kim Hutsell.
Selected as this year’s Club winner was Heather
Elizabeth Ibey, a 12th grader at Mt. Miguel High School
who also won a first place in zoology. Her winning
research project is entitled Mucus trails of marine
mollusks — biologically expensive or an investment?
Elizabeth will choose a book award (offered each
year by the Club), either Barnes’ Invertebrate Zoology,
Ricketts, Calvin & Hedgpeth’s Between Pacific Tides or
Morris, Abbott & Haderlie’s Intertidal Invertebrates of
California.
A date will be selected for Elizabeth to present an
overview of her winning project to the Club and receive
the Club’s book award of her choice.
Plastic Boxes for Sale at the May Meeting
New plastic boxes in a variety of sizes will be
available for sale at bargain prices at the May meeting.
As always, all purchases are on the honor system.
Bring your money, come early and get some good buys.
The sizes are as follows: lVt x 2 x 1; 2 x 3 x 1 V4 ; 1 xh
x lxVfc; 3x4x1; 114 x 1 !4x34; lxlxVi.
Available also, in various sizes, are used plastic boxes
which are free to those who want them.
The Club’s remaining t-shirts and sweatshirts will
also be on sale. The range of sizes is limited, however.
The Club’s New Library Cabinets
The Club now has two of the standing library
cabinets in Room 104 in addition to its regular portable
library. This will make the club’s books more accessible
to members as well as providing more space for the
Club’s growing library holdings. The transfer of some
of the books to the new cabinets will take place at the
May meeting.
Vol. XXXII(5): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 7 1
THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS (FRENCH POLYNESIA) - A PRELIMINARY
AND BRIEF ACCOUNT OF MOLLUSCAN FINDS RESULTING FROM A
RECENT EXPEDITION
CLAY BRYCE
Department of Aquatic Zoology, Natural Science
Western Australian Museum
Department of Aquatic Zoology (Molluscs), Francis St.
Perth, 6000, Western Australia
brycec@museum. wa. gov . au
The Marquesas Islands have always been remote
and, to most travelers, can still be considered well off
the beaten track. The islands are 2500 miles south of
Hawai'i and 900 miles north east of Tahiti. They are
high, steep-sided and volcanic in origin. The islands are
divided into two groups, some 60 miles apart, and
consist of 15 islands - only 6 are inhabited (Figure 1).
Nuku Hiva is the largest island of the archipelago and,
like all the rest of the islands, breathtakingly beautiful.
There is an airport on the northern part of Nuku Hiva,
which is connected to the main village, Taiohae, by a 2
hour, 4- wheel drive trek across the island centre.
Taiohae is the administrative capital of the region and
has a population of around 2000 people. The present
day population of the Marquesas Islands is around 7500
persons.
The islands were originally named, "Te Henau
Enana" or "Land of the Men”, by the first inhabitants.
Their history is long and tragic. It is thought the islands'
were originally settled around AD 500 when
Polynesians migrated from Tonga and Samoa. European
contact, with all its nasties (armed conflict, disease,
enforced religion etc), decimated the Marquesan culture
and population, which then numbered around 50,000
inhabitants.
The archipelago rests some 9 degrees below the
equator on the boundary of two major regions - the east
Pacific Ocean and the west Pacific Ocean faunal zones.
The fauna of the islands has many species common to
Hawai'i and the Tuamotus and is essentially Indo-west
Pacific in nature. A degree of endemism, as a result of
geographic isolation, is also an important make-up of
the molluscan assemblage.
■Hakahau
tajpp
Mohotani
Mount tekao .
Nuku Hiva
Taiohae
Pacific Ocean
*>#•
Fatu Hiva
"J- \ Toa*a* ’-urn .
* ***■
Figure 1. Map of the Marquesas Islands. Photo: H. Morrison.
Page 72
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(5): 2000
Although I have not researched the collecting
history of the islands it appears that over the last century
and a half organized scientific collecting has been
spasmodic. In 1848 the sail ship "Sulphur", under the
command of Captain Belcher, dredged in Taiohae Bay,
Nuku Hiva (Figure 2). Over a hundred years later, in
1964, The National Geographic Society funded the
Smithsonian Institution and the Bishop Museum in a
joint expedition to the islands on board the "Pele".
During this expedition specimens were collected by
various techniques - dredging to 768 feet, scuba to 70
feet, snorkeling and intertidal collecting. Nearly 3000
lots of molluscs were collected representing a wide
range of habitats. The Museum National d’ Histoire
Figure 2. Taiohae Bay, Marquesas Islands.
Naturelle, Paris, has made substantial deep water
collections from dredging and also some intertidal
collections . Private shell collecting has been somewhat
limited due to the islands remoteness, expense of getting
there and the lack of dive operators. As such, shell
material is still highly sought after on the open market.
On the 17th October 1999 our group of 16 people
arrived at Nuku Hiva airport from Tahiti under the
watchful and attentive care of our travel host, Ann
Fielding of Island Explorations. The occupational
breakdown of the group is of interest as it consisted of
biologists (malacologists, an ichthyologist and several
entomologists), institutional associates, holiday makers
and private shell collectors. Group members,
represented to varying degrees, six institutions; the
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Western
Australian Museum, Bishop Museum, University of
Connecticut, Smithsonian Institution and the Museum
National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
The original itinerary called for us to visit 3 islands
over 15 days with a small contingent staying an extra 6
days to visit the remote island of Eiao. This plan
became the victim of strong winds and a denied
collecting permit for our visit to Eiao. A revised
itinerary resulted in only 2 islands being visited, Nuku
Hiva and Ua Poa. All collecting was done either by
snorkeling, intertidal collecting or by scuba from a
small boat operated by the local dive shop proprietor.
Vol. XXXn(5): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 73
within the Indo-west Pacific region. The species
identifications listed below are preliminary but still of
interest, either for their rarity, distribution status or
endemic uniqueness.
Cypraea thomasi Crosse, 1865 - was originally
collected during the "Pele" voyage and wrongly labeled
as C. beckii Gaskoin, 1836. Live collected specimens
are known only from the Marquesas on fine-rubble
slopes.
Cypraea astaryi Schilder, 1971 - a particularly
vivid color form (Color plate 1, figure B).
Cypraea mappa Linnaeus, 1758 - is rare with a
distinctively blurred color pattern.
Cypraea contaminata Sowerby, 1832 - first record
for the islands.
Conus bullatus Linnaeus 1758 - very large
examples of the species around 2 inches long (Color
plate 1, figure A).
Conus gauguini Richard & Salvat, 1973 - found
buried in the sand pockets on rocky slopes (Color plate
1, figure C).
Conus nobilis marchionatus Hinds, 1843 - albino
and chocolate form (Color plate 1, figure **).
Chicoreus thomasi (Crosse & Fischer, 1872) -
endemic to the islands.
Lambis crocata pilsbryi Abbott, 1961 - an endemic
subspecies (Figure 3).
Cyrtulus serotinus Hinds, 1874 - an endemic
fasciolarid (Figure 5)
Terebra trochlea Deshayes, 1857 - endemic to the
islands (Figure 4).
A collection of opisthobranch mollusks, with
accompanying photographs, was also made and is
lodged with the Western Australian Museum.
Figure 3. Lambis crocata pilsbryi Abbott, 1961.
Figure 4. Terebra trochlea Deshayes, 1857.
Page 74
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(5): 2000
Phyllidia tula Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970
(Color plate 1, fig. E). Although the coloring is paler
than normal, dissection of the forgut clearly shows the
two longitudinal stripes on the oral tube. Known only
from Micronesia, this record constitutes a huge range
extension.
Fryeria guamensis Brunckhorst, 1993. (Color plate
1, fig. F). Marginal coloration is slightly different.
Preliminary dissections point to this species. This is
another large range extension.
DNA tissue samples from encountered Cypraea
species were also taken and forwarded to researcher,
Chris Meyers for phylogenetic analysis. Three other
phyla (fish, echinoderms and insects) were also
recorded and selectively sampled for inclusion in
institutional collections.
The logistics of the trip were facilitated by several
organizers within the participating group and by the
diligent planning of Ann Fielding of Island
Explorations. The excellent diving services and advice
offered by Xavier Curvat of Centre Plongee Marquises
are also acknowledged. I would also like to thank all
members of the expedition for the effort they made in
collecting opisthobranch molluscs after my sudden
departure and to John Hoover and Kirstie Kaiser for the
photography of the specimens.
Figure 5. Cyrtulus serotinus Hinds, 1874.
Vol. XXXn(S): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 75
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Vol. XXXn(5): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 77
A RECORD SIZE FOR THE RAZOR CLAM SILIQUA PATULA
JOHN A. BISHOP
3026 Freeman Street, San Diego, Ca. 92106
To the committed malacologist, going on a fishing
trip to find shells might not seem too logical, but that is
the way it happened. In June of 1999 I went with four
fishing friends to a “new” sportsman’s lodge located in
the town of Sandspit, in the Queen Charlotte Islands,
Canada. The accommodation and food were first class
but after two days of fishing out of our scheduled five
days, the owner’s two fishing boats were out of
commission. The computer controls on the new motor
in one ceased to function and the second became
inoperable after smashing the lower unit on a rock. In
order to make up for this misfortune he gave us the use
of his four- wheel-drive Suburban and an ATV.
The Islands are a verdant naturalists’ paradise and
the home of the Haida Indians. While driving over the
roads we saw many Sitka black-tailed deer, frequent
brown bears, and a large number of Bald Eagles. Along
the eastern and northern parts of the Islands are miles of
sandy and rocky shores ideal for shell collecting and
accessible by car.
On one of our days we crossed to the northern
island by ferry and drove to the town of Masset. East of
Masset is Rose Spit Ecological Reserve famous for its
agates and shells. A rutted dirt road goes for about 20
miles along this beach and it was there that we came
across a small shack in front of a wilderness home
where two young girls were displaying their wares.
They had a good selection of local shells but the one
that caught my eye was an unusually large specimen of
the razor clam Siliqua patula (Dixon, 1788) (Figures 1,
2). They gladly parted with it and a number of others
for the sum of three American dollars.
On returning home I searched my copy of Registry
of World Record Size Shells , 2nd edition, by Hutsell,
Hutsell & Pisor, 1999, and discovered that this shell is
not listed there. Review of current publications such as
Abbott & Dance (1986) and Abbott (1974) give its size
as 130 mm or 5 to 6 inches respectively. The
measurement of this specimen is 172 mm which should
make it an undisputed candidate for the record size.
Figure 1. Siliqua patula (Dixon, 1788), exterior view of a 172 mm
specimen.
Page 78
The Festlvus
AM. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on: 07-10-2000
THE FESTIVUS
An application has been submitted for its inclusion in
the Registry.
LITERATURE CITED
ABBOTT, R. TUCKER
1974. American Seashells, 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold
Co., New York 663 pp., 24 color pis., 6405 figs.
ABBOTT, R. TUCKER & S. PETER DANCE
1986. Compendium of Seashells (Revised). Madison Publishing
Associates, 411 pp., illustrated.
HUTSELL, KIM C„ LINDA L. HUTSELL & DONALD L PISOR.
1999. Registry of World Record Size Shells, 2nd Edition. Snail’s
Pace Productions, San Diego, Ca. 131 pp.
Figure 2. Siliqua paiula, interior view of specimen in Figure 1.
GL401
. F418
v. XXXII
no. 6
June 8,
2000
Volume: XXXII
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
June 8, 2000
ISSN 0738-9388
Number: 6
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Kay Klaus
Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scon
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index, html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Shelling in the Marquesas
Dr. Henry Chaney of the Santa Barbara Museum of trip to the Marquesas Islands. He will accompany his
Natural History will give highlights of his recent dive talk with slides.
Meeting date: June 15, 2000
Shells of the month: Shells of the Pacific islands
CONTENTS
Club news 80
Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the San Felipe area, Baja California, Mexico, in the Gemmell
Collection
Carole M. Hertz, Joyce Gemmell and Barbara W. Myers
81
Page 80
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(6): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - May 18, 2000
In the absence of President Mike Mason, Kim
Hutsell called the meeting to order at 7:45 p.m. The
minutes of the March meeting were approved as written
in The Festivus.
Treasurer Linda Hutsell reported that the Club is
financially solvent. The Club did very well at this year’s
auction. More color issues of The Festivus are planned,
though articles are always needed. Linda also mentioned
our new permanent library cases. Larry Lovell recently
donated two SIO mollusk catalogs to the library.
Kim Hutsell announced the sale of new plastic
boxes at the back of the room at cut-rate prices. He
also read a letter from member Roger Clark on a diving
trip he is leading to Ketchikan, Alaska and another
nearby location that has incredible intertidal collecting.
The trip runs from 28 July to 4 August. For further
information, contact Roger Clark at
< insignis@cdsnet.net > .
Terry Arnold, Chair of the Club’s Science Fair
judging committee, introduced this year’s Club winner,
Heather Elizabeth Ibey, who gave an overview of her
winning project. She studied the mucus trails of
turbans, whelks, chitons, and limpets. She found that
the mucus trails serve to attract prey for the mollusks to
feed on. She was awarded Barnes’ Invertebrate Zoology
for her project prize. She will be studying biology at
UCSD this fall.
Kim introduced the speaker for the evening, Kent
Trego. Kent’s interest is in Nautilus, and his
presentation included slides of the various species.
Nautilus pompilius is banded as a juvenile and then is
banded and white as an adult shell. Patterns are never
found in the albino form from the Philippines. Nautilus
scrobiculatus has some pattern variation; it has no
albino form and has accented growth lines. Nautilus
macrophyllus has no albino form, has a wide
umbilicus, and is a branch formed from pompilius.
Kent mentioned that molecular data is providing useful
information about systematics. Kim commented that
this kind of data is revealing that there are not as many
subspecies as previously thought. Kent suggested that
this varies from family to family. There was a lively
debate on this subject; it will require a lot more study.
The winner of the shell drawing was John
LaGrange. Thanks to Ron Deems for the delicious
refreshments. The meeting was adjourned at 8:45
p.m.
Silvana Vollero
New Members
Clark, Roger, 1839 Arthur St., Klamath Falls, OR
97603-4617, (541) 883-7582, E-mail:
< insignis@cdsnet.net > .
The Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, P.O. Box 1580,
Sanibel Island, FL 33957, (941)395-2233, FAX
(941) 395-6706, E-mail: < bmshell@gate.net > .
New Bivalve Book Available at June Meeting
The long-awaited Bivalve Seashells of Western
North America by Coan, Valentich Scott and Bernard
will be available for sale at the June meeting. The
profusely-illustrated book documents over 470 species
from southern California to northern Alaska, from the
intertidal zone to depths of more than 4,500 meters.
Giant Reprint Sale
There will be a hugh sale of reprints of papers on
mollusks donated by the June King estate. In addition,
there also will be some books on natural history
subjects.
IN MEMORIAM
Rudolf Stohler
Ruth D. Turner
Vol. XXXD(6): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 81
TURRIDAE (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) FROM
THE SAN FELIPE AREA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO,
IN THE GEMMELL COLLECTION
CAROLE M. HERTZ1
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, CA 93105-2936, USA
JOYCE GEMMELL
Ridgecrest, 13594 Highway 8, Business, Space 50, Lakeside, CA 92040, USA
BARBARA W. MYERS2
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, CA 93105-2936, USA
Abstract: Forty species of turrids in 24 genera were identified in the Gemmell Collection from the San Felipe area.
Nine of the species are reported for the first time in the northern Golfo de California (also referred to herein as “the
Gulf’).
Introduction : Dali ( 1 9 1 9) , in his major review of the
Turridae, described over 89 species from the Panamic
Province fauna. Powell (1966) monographed the
worldwide turrid genera emphasizing the importance of
the posterior anal sinus for classification. McLean in
Keen (1971), the last major study, was a revision of the
eastern Pacific Turridae. Since that time, new Panamic
Turridae have been described, but no major review has
been undertaken (see Skoglund, 1992).
In our continuing study of the mollusks from the
Gemmell Collection, we here present an annotated
listing of the Turridae species collected by Gemmell
from San Felipe to San Luis Gonzaga in the
northwestern Gulf of California from 1965 to 1976.
Specimens were either dredged, collected in grunge,
from sea star stomachs, or found intertidally. Unless
otherwise noted, all material was collected by Gemmell
and is in the Gemmell Collection. It is housed, at this
time, in the San Diego Natural History Museum.
Format: The species are arranged in taxonomic order
according to McLean in Keen (1971) and Skoglund
(1992). An asterisk before a species indicates a range
extension. Keen numbers are used to facilitate the
finding of the illustrations in Keen (1971). “Figured”
indicates the species was not illustrated in the original
description, “Also figured” denotes an additional figure
reference although it has already been illustrated in the
original description.
Each species entry is followed by the original
citation, synonyms if present, number of specimens and
size range, collecting data for the species, remarks, if
any, and current known distribution.
Under Distribution, we refer to the “head of the
Gulf,” “throughout the Gulf,” “northern Gulf,” or “the
Gulf,” all referring to the Gulf of California. This is a
result of the varying entries in Keen (1971). Hertz
wrote to Dr. Keen concerning these different entries,
and in a letter written in 1981, Dr. Keen stated, “My
^Mailing address: 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
2Mailing address: 3761 Mt. Augustus Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Page 82
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
recollection of what I intended about ranges ‘to’ and
‘into’ the Gulf of California is that I deliberately left it
a little fuzzy. If I had definite records of species in the
northern end of the Gulf, I was careful to say ‘to and
through’ the Gulf. If the documentation was not clear
(many older workers would say ‘Gulf of Calif.’ when
they really only meant ‘West Mexico’), I left it for
future workers to determine how far up the Gulf the
long-ranging forms might go ....”
The species which are range extensions are figured
herein. All the drawings were done by Gemmell with
the aid of a camera lucida attachment to a Wild
microscope.
Family TURRIDAE
Subfamily PSEUDOMELATOMINAE
Genus Hormospira Berry, 1958
Hormospira maculosa (Sowerby, 1834)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (for
1833): 135. Figured: Keen #1575.
Specimens collected: 39 specimens 19.5-56.2 mm, San
Felipe at Ensenada Blanca and Playa Alicia 35 km
(22 mi) S of San Felipe, January 1964, intertidal on
sand bars, live collected.
Remarks: Gemmell ’s notes state “on sand bars south to
Puertecitos ....” Hertz & Hertz, 1975: 36, figured the
species and its egg capsules.
Distribution: Head of the Golfo de California, Mexico,
to Guayaquil, Ecuador, intertidally to 30 m (McLean in
Keen, 1971); Olsson (1971) extended the depth to 117 m.
Subfamily DRILLINAE Morrison, 1966
Genus Kylix Dali, 1919
Kylix hecuba (Dali, 1919)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56:
9, pi. 20, fig. 9. Also figured: Keen #1595.
Specimens collected: 49 specimens, 6.9-18.6 mm,
Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San Felipe, on
sand bar on minus 1.5 m (-5 ft) low tide, 26 April
1975.
6 specimens, 6.0-10.0 mm, dredged by fishing boat
Chamizal I [station C] (31°20T8"N to 31°02’30"N
and 114°41’W to 114°48’W), 1-8 km (.75 to 5 mi)
offshore, N of Pta. San Felipe, in sand and mud
to embedded rock rubble in 20-48 m (11-26 fm),
28 June 1968.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Bahia Concepcion on
west coast of Baja California to Puerto Penas co, Sonora,
Mexico (McLean in Keen, 1971); Bahia San Carlos,
Sonora (Poorman & Poorman, 1988).
Genus Drillia Gray, 1838
Drillia cunninghamae McLean & Poorman, 1971
The Veliger 14(1): 95, fig. 14. Also figured: Keen
#1619 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 20-22.5 mm, Bahia
San Luis Gonzaga, dredged by fishing boat Chamizal
H [station 10] (29°49'36”N, 114021'42"W), E side
of Isla Willard, 0.8 km (0.5 mi) N of S end of
island, in sand and pumice in 18-27 m (10-15 fin), 10 July
1969.
Distribution: Sonora from Rio Tastiota to Guaymas
(McLean in Keen, 1971); off Nayarit, (Reguero &
Garcia Cubas, 1987); across Gulf to off Isla Danzante
in 60-90 m (Skoglund, 1991).
Drillia roseola (Hertlein & Strong, 1955)
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
107(2): 221-223, pi. 2, fig. 27. Also figured: Keen
#1621 (syntype).
Synonym: Plewrotoma rosea Sowerby, 1834, not Quoy
& Gaimard, 1833.
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 22.5-26.0 mm,
dredged by fishing boat Chamizal II [station 10]
(29049'36"N, 114°21'42"W), E side of Isla Willard,
0.8 km (0.5 mi) N of S end of island, in sand and
pumice in 18-27 m (10-15 fin), 10 July 1969.
Remarks: Some specimens of D. roseola have spiral
lines but they are much finer and not all over as in D.
cunninghamae. The species was described as a
Cymatosyrinx.
Distribution: Golfo de Tehuantepec, Mexico, Bahia
Octavia, Colombia and off Cabo Pasado, Ecuador
(Hertlein & Strong, 1955); Head of the Gulf to Bahia
Santa Elena, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); Bahia
San Carlos, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico (Poorman &
Poorman, 1988).
Genus Globidrillia Woodring, 1928
Vol. XXXH(6): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 83
Globidrillia means (Hinds, 1843)
Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11: 18.
Figured: Keen #1630.
Synonym: Elaeocyma aeolia Dali, 1919.
Specimens collected: 394 specimens, 4. 6-9. 6 mm,
collected intertidally at Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi)
S of San Felipe on minus tides -1.5 m (-5 ft), on
sand, 20 May 1967 to April 1968 and May 1971.
Remarks: From GemmelTs notes, “Also found in
seas tar stomachs occasionally.”
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Bahia Santa Elena,
Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Subfamily TURRINAE
Genus Polystira Woodring, 1928
* Poly stir a oxytropis (Sowerby, 1834)
(Figure 1)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 135. Figured: Keen #1648 (holotype of P. artia)
Synonyms: Pleurotoma albicarinata Sowerby, 1870;
Pleuroliria artia and P. parthenia both of Berry, 1957.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 6.8 mm, dredged by
fishing boat Chamizal II, [station 10] (29°49'36"N,
1 14°21 ,42"W), E side of Isla Willard, Bahia San
Luis Gonzaga, in 18-27 m (10-15 fin), in sand and
pumice, 10 July 1969.
Remarks: This is the first report of the species on the
east side of the Baja peninsula.
Distribution: Isla Cedros, Baja California, N in Gulf
to Bahia Tepoca, Sonora, Mexico, and S to La Libertad,
Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); Isla Gorgona,
Colombia (Cosel, 1984); off Bahia San Carlos, Sonora
(Poorman & Poorman, 1988).
Subfamily COCHLESPIRINAE PoweU, 1942
Genus Knefastia Dali, 1919
Knefastia dalli Bartsch, 1944
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57:
28. Figured: Keen #1656.
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 45.1 & 55.5 mm,
Puertecitos, W side of bay, 28 December 1966, live
collected.
Figure 1. Polystira oxytropis (Sowerby, 1834), apertural view of
juvenile specimen, 6.8 mm, dredged, San Luis Gonzaga in 18-27 m,
10 July 1969.
5 specimens, 24.0-49.6 mm, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga,
20 April 1966, live collected.
21 specimens, 27.3-63.4 mm, Playa Namar, 8 km (5
mi) S of Agua Chale [Sulphur Mine] to Bahia
Willard, San Luis Gonzaga, 1965-1967, live
collected.
1 specimen, 57.3 mm, Puertecitos, W side of bay at low
tide, March 1965, live collected.
Remarks: From GemmelTs notes: “all found on and
among mossy rocks ... observed small orange
specimens with large brown specimen ... Knefastia
found bumping in sand around base of rocks north of
Puertecitos. In spring March ‘65 on large boulders
bedded in sand clustered copulating both colors
[together]. Dark brown periostracum and orange or
horn colored. ”
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Guaymas, Sonora
and La Paz, Baja California Sur (McLean in Keen,
1971).
Subfamily CRASSISPIRINAE
Genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(6): 2000
*Crassispira maura (Sowerby, 1834)
(Figure 2)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 134. Figured: Keen #1676.
Synonyms: Turricula nigricans Dali, 1919; Drillia
inaequistriata Li, 1930; Crassispira perla M. Smith, 1947.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 38.3 mm, Radar
Beach, San Felipe, leg. P. Clover, June 1968,
collected dead.
Remarks: This is the first report of this species from
San Felipe. This specimen is now in the Gemmell
Collection.
Distribution: Bahia de los Angeles, Golfo de California
to Bahia Santa Elena, Ecuador (McLean in Keen,
1971).
Crassispira unicolor (Sowerby, 1834)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 138. Figured: Keen #1679 (holotype of C.
erebus).
Synonyms: C. erebus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932; C.
tangolaensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951.
Specimens collected: 74 specimens, 12.0-26.3 mm,
San Felipe, intertidal among rocks, March 1968.
Distribution: The species is reported from the head of
the Gulf to Bahia Santa Elena, Ecuador (McLean in
Keen, 1971).
Crassispira bifurca (E. A. Smith, 1888)
(Figures 3-7)
Annals and Magazine of Natural History: [series 6]
2(10): 308-309. Figured: Keen #1691.
Synonym: Crassispira flavonodosa of authors, not
Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932.
Specimens collected: 108 specimens, 6.8-17.3 mm,
Pta. San Felipe and south, among rods, March 1968.
Remarks: Gemmell’s notes state “also at Playa Alicia,
S of San Felipe.”
We had difficulty separating this species from
Pilsbryspira nymphia, both from the head of the Gulf,
although the two species are in different genera. Both
species are about the same size and color with sculpture
of large tubercles on the periphery and a deep anal
sinus. According to McLean in Keen (1971: 720), C.
Figure 2. Crassispira maura (Sowerby, 1834), detail of aperture of
38.3 mm specimen showing tubercle on parietal wall. Radar Beach,
San Felipe, collected dead by P. Clover, June 1968. Gemmell
Collection.
bifurca has a “parietal callus nearly obstructing the
opening” whereas P. nymphia has no callus. In
specimens with an immature lip, however, this is often
not discernible. We found the sculptural details as
shown in the annotated drawings most helpful (Figures
3-7). In Crassispira bifurca there is a row of large
yellowish- white nodes at the periphery of each whorl.
Below each node on the body whorl there appears to be
an axial riblet which is actually a double row of smaller
rounded nodes, hence the name bifurca. Pilsbryspira
nymphia , by contrast, has a row of large bicolored
nodes on the periphery which are orange above and
white below. Immediately beneath these nodes on the
spire is a heavy orange, sinuous cord which appears
node-like (Figure 6). On the body whorl the sinuous
cord is absent and instead there are rows of
disconnected flattened nodes, elongate horizontally.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico (DuShane & Poorman, 1967 [as
flavonodosa]).
Vol. XXXD(6): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 85
Figures 3-7. (3- 5) Crassispira bifurca (E. A. Smith, 1888), 6.8 mm, Pta. San Felipe, among rocks, March 1968. (3) apertural view (4) detail
of aperture (5) detail of sinus showing callus and suture. (6, 7) Pilsbryspira nymphia (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 5.5 mm, Campo Uno, San Felipe,
November 1971 (6) apertural view of 5.0 mm specimen (7) detail of sinus showing sutural slot and lack of callus.
Crassipira kluthi E. K. Jordan, 1936
Contributions from the Department of Geology of
Stanford University 1(4): 153, pi, 18, fig.l Also
figured: Keen # 1699 (holotype of S. lucasensis ).
Synonyms: Clavatula luctuosa Hinds, 1843, not
Pleurotoma luctuosa Orbigny, 1842; Striospira
lucasensis and S. tabogensis both of Bartsch, 1950.
Specimens collected: 51 specimens, 11.6-18.0 mm,
Pta. San Felipe, between and under stones.
1 specimen, 12.4 mm, San Felipe, June 1969, from
seas tar stomach.
Distribution: Isla Cedros, Baja California, outer coast
throughout the Gulf, S to Isla Salango, Ecuador
(McLean in Keen, 1971); Guaymas, Sonora (DuShane
& Poorman, 1967).
* Crassispira xanti Hertlein & Strong, 1951
(Figures 8, 9)
Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological
society. XLIII. Mollusks from the west coast of Mexico
and Central America. Part X. Zoologica, NY, 36: 74-
75, pi. 1, fig. 3. Also figured: Keen #1702 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 14.0 & 15.1 mm,
Figures 8, 9. Crassispira xanti Hertlein & Strong, 1951, 14.3 mm
specimen, dredged by fishing boat, Chamizol I, off Agua Chale in 2-3
m, 27 June 1968 (8) apertural view (9) detail of spire.
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXE(6): 2000
dredged by fishing boat Chamizal I, [stations 4-5]
(30°41'N to 30°51'12"N and 114°32'W to
1 14°4rW), 3-13 km (2-8 mi) off Agua Chale, in 9-
18 m (5-10 fm), 27 June 1968.
Remarks: This is the first report of this species in the
San Felipe area.
Distribution: Pta. Lobos, Sonora to Bahia Santa Elena,
Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); Puertecitos, Baja
California (DuShane, 1962); Guaymas, Sonora
(DuShane & Poorman, 1967).
Crassispira pluto Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia 84: 49-50, pi. 2, fig. 12. Also figured:
Keen #1706 (holotype, left).
Specimens collected: 25 specimens, 11.7-19.6 mm,
Pta. San Felipe.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Guaymas, Sonora,
Mexico, on the east and Cabo San Lucas on the west
(McLean in Keen, 1971); Consag Rock, San Felipe
(DuShane & Brennan, 1969); Puertecitos (DuShane,
1962); San Luis Gonzaga (DuShane & Sphon, 1968).
Genus Lioglypho stoma Woodring, 1928
^Lioglyphostoma ericea (Hinds, 1843)
(Figures 10, 11)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 39. Figured: Keen #1714.
Synonyms: Gtyphostoma sirena Dali, 1919; Clathurella
erminiana Hertlein & Strong, 1951.
Specimens collected: 1 specimen (juv.), 9.0 mm,
dredged by fishing boat Chamizal II [station 7]
(30°04'54"N, 114°34'00” W), Wof S end of El
Muerto, in sandy grunge in 15 m (8 fin), 9 July 1969.
1 specimen, 10.0 mm, dredged by fishing boat
Chamizal H [station 10] (29°49’36"N,
114°21,42"W), E side of Isla Willard, 0.8 km (0.5
mi) N of S end of island in fine sand and pumice in
18-27 m (10-15 fin), 10 July 1969.
Remarks: This is the first report of the species in the
northern Golfo de California.
Distribution: Isla Tiburon, Golfo de California to Isla
Gorgona, Colombia and the Islas Galapagos in 40-120
m (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Genus Miraclaxhurella Woodring, 1928
Figures 10, 11. Lio gtyphostoma ericea (Hinds, 1843), 10.0 mm,
dredged by fishing boat Chamizal n, E side of Isla Willard, San Luis
Gonzaga, in 18-27 m in sand and pumice, 10 July 1969 (10) apertural
view (11) detail of spire.
Miraclathurella bicanalifera (Sowerby, 1834)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 136. Figured: Keen #1719 (holotype of
Lioglyphostoma acapidcanum) .
Synonyms: Pleurotoma variculosa Sowerby, 1834; P.
gracillima Carpenter, 1856; Lioglyphostoma
acapulcanum Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 19.9 mm, off Pta.
Estrella, San Felipe, in seastar stomach, June 1968.
Remarks: Specimen cited in Gemmell, Hertz & Myers
(1980: 46) not found.
Distribution: Consag Rock, San Felipe, Baja California
[as Clathurella acapulcana] (DuShane & Brennan,
1969; Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 1980); to Puerto
Utria, Colombia (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Genus Carinodrillia
Carinodrillia hexagona (Sowerby, 1834)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [for
1833]: 139. Figured: Keen #1725 (holotype of
Clathrodrillia pilsbryi).
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
THE FESTTVUS
Page 87
Synonym: Clathrodrillia pilsbryi Lowe, 1935
Specimens collected: 31 specimens, 12.7-25.4 mm,
San Felipe, intertidal, live collected, May 1976.
37 specimens, 11.0-26.9 mm, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22
mi) S of San Felipe and Ensenada Blanca, San
Felipe, intertidal, live collected on outer edges of
rocks, May 1967 and April-May 1973.
1 specimen, 13.4 mm, dredged by fishing boat
Chamizal D, [station 10] (29°49'36nN,
114021’42"W), E side of Isla Willard, Bahia San
Luis Gonzaga, 0.8 km (0.5 mi) N of S end of island,
in 18-27 m (10-15 fm) in sand and pumice, 10 July
1969.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to La Libertad, Ecuador
(McLean in Keen, 1971).
Subfamily STRICTISPERINAE
Genus Strictispira McLean, 1971
Strictispira stillmani Shasky, 1971
The Veliger 14(1): 68-69, fig. 3. Also figured: Keen
#1728 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 7 specimens, 12.0-12.6 mm, Pta.
San Felipe and Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San
Felipe, 1968, collected live.
25 specimens 12.6-15.4 mm, Pta. San Felipe and S,
around small rocks, collected prior to 1969.
Remarks: Gemmell’s notes state, “alive - San Felipe
Point to Puertecitos.”
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Bahia de Panama
(McLean in Keen, 1971); Manabi Province, Ecuador
(Shasky, 1984).
Subfamily ZONULISPIRINAE
Genus Zonulispira Bartsch, 1950
Zonulispira grandimaculata (C. B. Adams, 1852)
Catalogue of Shells Collected at Panama, pp. 143-144.
Figured: Turner (1956, vol. 2(20), pi. 7, fig. 9); Keen
#1731.
Synonyms: Crassispira dirce Dali, 1919; Z. reigeni
Bartsch, 1950.
Specimens collected: 38 specimens, 8.0-20.0 mm, Pta.
San Felipe, live collected.
Remarks: GemmeU’s notes indicate specimens found
from San Felipe to Puertecitos “not common. ”
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Genus Compsodrillia Woodring, 1928
Compsodrillia albonodosa (Carpenter, 1857)
Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells ... p.
397. Figured: Keen #1733.
Synonym: Carinodrillia kalis soror Pilsbry & Lowe,
1932.
Specimens collected: 7 specimens, 6. 4-9. 6 mm, Pta.
Estrella, San Felipe, May 1968.
109 specimens, 5.0-18.7 mm, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22
mi) S of San Felipe, live on sand at minus 1 m (-4 ft)
tide, March 1976.
92 specimens, 6.7 - 18.7 mm, San Felipe, live on
extreme minus tides, 19 April 1975.
1 juvenile specimen, 8.0 mm, dredged by fishing boat
Chamizal I, [station A] (30°41'12"N,
1 14°40'01 ”W), 3.2 km (2 mi), off Pta. Estrella, San
Felipe, on sand in 9 m (5 fm) from seas tar stomachs,
27 June 1968.
Distribution: Consag Rock, San Felipe (DuShane &
Brennan, 1969); Guaymas, Sonora (Dushane &
Poorman, 1967); Gulf to Bahia Banderas (McLean in
Keen, 1971); Pta. Estrella, San Felipe from seas tars
(Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 1980).
Compsodrillia alcestis (Dali, 1919)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 18, pi. 5, fig. 6. Also figured: Keen #1734
(holotype).
Synonym: Carinodrillia dariena Olsson, 1971.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 5.0 mm, dredged by
fishing boat Chamizal I, [station A] (30°41'N to
30°51'12"N and 114°32’W to 114°41'W), Pta.
Estrella, San Felipe, offshore on sand in 9-18 m (5-
10 fm), from seas tar stomachs, 27 June 1968.
Remarks: See Gemmell, Hertz & Myers (1980: 46, fig.
42).
Distribution: Guaymas, Sonora, to Puerto Utria,
Colombia (McLean in Keen, 1971); Consag Rock, San
Felipe (DuShane & Brennan, 1969); Pta Estrella, San
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Vol. XXXE(6): 2000
Felipe (Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 1980).
Compsodrillia haliplexa (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 12, 13)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 19, pi. 5, fig. 5. Also figured: Keen #1739.
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 19.4 & 24.2 mm,
Campo Uno, Pta. San Felipe, in mud at minus lm (-
4 ft) tide, 16 January 1968.
2 specimens, 25.0 & 26.3 mm, Play a Alicia, 35 km (22
mi) S of San Felipe, one dead, one collected living,
17 March 1968.
1 specimen, 12.7 mm, Playa Laguna, San Felipe, leg.
P. Clover, dead collected, Gemmell Collection, 17
March 1968.
1 specimen, 15.5 mm, Bahia San Felipe, October 1971.
Distribution: Bahia Magdalena, outer coast of Baja
California, through the Gulf and S to Bahia Santa Elena,
Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Pilsbryspira Bartsch, 1950
*Pilsbryspira bacchia (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 14, 15)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 25, pi. 6, fig. 1. Also figured: Keen #1755.
Specimens collected: 82 specimens, 6.0-14.5 mm, Pta.
San Felipe to Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San
Felipe, around and under stones, in mud, collected
living, 1967, 1968, 1973.
Remarks: Gemmell ’s notes state, “collected all year
round” interti dally. This is the first report of the
species living at San Felipe.
Distribution: Guaymas, Sonora to Cabo San Lucas,
Golfo de California (McLean in Keen, 1971); Manabi
Province, Ecuador (Shasky, 1984).
Pilsbryspira nymphia (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
(See Figures 6, 7)
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia 84: 51, pi. 10, fig. 11. Also figured: Keen
#1756.
Specimens collected: 30 specimens, 10.5-18.7 mm,
from Pta. San Felipe, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S
12 13
Figures 12, 13. Compsodrillia haliplexa (Dali, 1919), 24.2 mm
specimen, Campo Uno, Pta. San Felipe, intertidal, minus 1.2 m tide,
16 January 1968 (12) apertural view (13) view of protoconch.
of San Felipe, Puertecitos, and Bahia San Luis
Gonzaga.
1 specimen, 5.5 mm, Campo Uno, San Felipe,
November 1971.
Remarks: Gemmell ’s notes state, “ C. bifurca more
common” [than P. nymphia].
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Guaymas and Cabo
San Lucas (McLean in Keen, 1971); Bahia Willard and
San Luis Gonzaga (DuShane & Sphon, 1968); Guaymas
(DuShane & Poorman, 1967); Puertecitos (DuShane,
1962); off Bahia San Carlos, Sonora (Poorman &
Poorman, 1988).
Subfamily C LATHURELLIN AE
Genus Nannodiella Dali, 1919
Nannodiella nana (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 16, 17)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 59-60, pi. 20, fig. 7. Also figured: Keen
#1778 (holotype).
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Page 89
Figures 14-17. (14, 15) Pilsbryspira bacchia (Dali, 1919), 6.0 mm specimen, Pta. San Felipe, living around and under stones, 1967 (14)
apertural view (15) detail of spire. (16, 17). NannodieUa nana (Dali, 1919), 4.9 mm specimen, dredged by fishing boat Chamizal D, W of Isla
Salvatierra, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, in fine grunge in 26 m, 8-9 July 1969 (16) apertural view (17) three protoconch views, shown from above.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 4.9 mm, dredged by
fishing boat Chamizal n, [station 5]
(29°57'48"N,114°28'00"W), W of Isla Salvatierra,
Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, in fine grunge taken on
broken shell bottom, in 26 m (14 fin), 8-9 July
1969.
Distribution: Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, Golfo de
California to Isla Gorgona, Colombia (McLean in Keen,
1971); Manabi Province, Ecuador (Shasky, 1984).
Genus Glyphostoma Gabb, 1872
Glyphostoma neglecta (Hinds, 1843)
(Figures 18-19)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London [for
1843]: 45. Figured: Keen #1781 (holotype of
Liogtyphostoma armstrongi).
Synonyms: Defrancia intercalaris Carpenter, 1856;
ClathureUa aurea Carpenter, 1857; Glyphostoma adria
and G. adorn Dali, 1919; Liogtyphostoma armstrongi
Hertlein & Strong, 1951; Glyphostoma myrakeenae
Olsson, 1964.
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 13.8-15.1 mm,
Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San Felipe,
18 19
Figures 18, 19. Glyphostoma neglecta (Hinds, 1843), 15.0 mm,
Playa Alicia, 32 km S of San Felipe, living, on minus tide. May
1970 (18) apertural view (19) dorsal view.
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THE FESTTVUS
Vol. XXXn(6): 2000
collected live on minus tide, May 1970.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); off Bahia
San Carlos, Sonora (Poorman & Poorman, 1988).
Subfamily MANGELHNAE
Genus Kurtziella Dali, 1918
Kurtziella antiochroa (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
(Figures 20-26)
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia 84: 56, pi. 3, fig. 8. Also figured: Keen
#1788 (holotype).
Possible synonym: Mangelia cymatias Pilsbry & Lowe,
1932.
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 2.0 & 3.0 mm,
[station D] (31° 12’ 12" N to 31° 12' N and
114°17'36"W to 114°31’30"W), dredged by fishing
boat Chamizal I, 5 -16 km(3-10 mi) from Consag
Rock, in 20-38 m (11-21 fin) on sand and clay,
in seas tar stomachs, 29 June 1968.
74 specimens, 4. 0-9. 8 mm, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi)
S of San Felipe, at low tide, intertidal, live-collected
March 1976.
Remarks: In Gemmell, Hertz & Myers (1980: 46), we
reported on two juvenile specimens from seas tar
stomachs and their resemblance to the synonym K.
cymatias , concluding that they were K. antiochroa.
Since that time, we have examined 74 additional
specimens from juvenile to adult (4.0 to 9.8 mm)
collected interti dally by Gemmell and a lot of 14
specimens collected by H. N. Lowe as cymatias from
Puerto Penas co in 18 m (10 fm) (SDNHM 22335).
We compared these specimens with photographs of
the holotypes of K. antiochroa and K. cymatias (Figures
20, 21) as well as paratypes of both nominal species in
the SDNHM collection (SDNHM 51196 [ antiochroa ]
and 50998 [cymatias]) which appear to be separate
species (Figures 22, 23).
Some of the Gemmell specimens have a broader
shell (by 0.5 to 1.0 mm, a periphery with a stronger
peripheral spiral cord with pointed tubercles at the angle
of the axial ribs and a more elongate-appearing
aperture. These features are pronounced in K. cymatias
(Figures 21, 23). The holotype and paratype of K.
antiochroa appear to have a more slender shell with a
smaller aperture and more prominent chocolate colored
bands below the periphery.
20 21
Figures 20, 21. (20) Kurtziella antiochroa (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
holotype, (ANSP 155190), 9.0 mm. Photo: V. O. Maes. (21) K.
cymatias, holotype, (ANSP 155191), 6.0 mm. Photo: V. O. Maes.
We further examined the protoconchs of paratypes of
the two nominal species and the Gemmell specimens and
found differences. All had 21A-2l/z whorls. In K.
antiochroa the two whorls are smooth, broadly rounded
and brown, sculpture beginning just beyond the second
whorl. In K. cymatias the protoconch is more conical,
cream colored, the first whorl is smooth, the second
smooth but for the beginning of a central spiral keel
which develops into the mature sculpture by 2 Vi whorls
(Figures 24-26)). The protoconch in die Gemmell
specimens is like that of K. antiochroa.
The differences in the protoconch in the two species
and the sculptural variation creates a question as to
whether or not K. cymatias should be considered a
synonym of K. antiochroa. Anatomical work would be
necessary to resolve this question. Based on the
protoconch, the Gemmell specimens are K. antiochroa.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to La Libertad, Ecuador
(McLean in Keen, 1971).
Kurtziella powelli Shasky, 1971
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
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Page 91
2 2 23 24 2b 26
Figures 22-26. (22) K. anliochroa, paratype (SDNHM 511%) (23) K. cymatias , paratype (SDNHM 50998) (24) K. cmtiochroa , 7.5 mm, detail
of spire of Gemmell specimen, 2 views (25) K. aruiochroa, 8.5 mm detail of spire of paratype (SDNHM 51196), 2 views (26) K. cymatias , 5.2
mm, detail of spire of paratype (SDNHM 50998), 2 views.
The Veliger 14(1): 70-71, fig. 7. Also figured: Keen
#1790 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 13 specimens, 2.8 - 5.6 mm,
dredged by fishing boat Chamizal I [station D]
(31°12,12"N to 31°12'N and 114°17’36"W to
1 14°31 '30"W), in 20-38 m (1 1-21 fin), 5-16 km (3-
10 mi) S of Consag Rock, on sand and clay, in
seas tar stomachs, 29 June 1968.
2 specimens, 4.1 & 4.7 mm, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22
mi) S of San Felipe, in drift, March 1969.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Kurtziella cyrene (Dali, 1919)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 62-63, pi. 21, fig. 5. Also figured: Keen
#1793 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 2.5-3. 1 mm, Playa
Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San Felipe, in grunge.
Remarks: From Gemmell’ s notes, “One specimen
trawled by shrimp boat in 60-80 ft (18-24 m), 11
November 1971, from seas tar stomachs now in B.
Draper Collection” (Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 1980: 46).
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Bahia San Francisco,
Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971); off Bahia San
Carlos, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico (Poorman &
Poorman, 1988).
Tenaturris Woodring, 1928
Tenaturris merita (Hinds, 1843)
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London [for
1843]: 42. Figured: Keen #1798.
Synonyms: Cithara fusconotata Carpenter, 1864;
CythareUa nereis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932.
Specimens collected: 11 specimens, 7.1-11.2 mm,
Campo Uno, Bahia San Felipe, live on and under
mossy rocks, 18 February 1968.
1 specimen, 7.5 mm, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
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Vol. XXXE(6): 2000
Genus Kurtzia Bartsch, 1944
Kurtzia arteaga (Dali & Bartsch, 1910)
Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey
Branch, Memoir no. 14-N: 11, pi. 2, fig. 4. Also
figured: Keen #1810.
Synonyms: Mangelia arteaga var. roperi Dali, 1919;
Kurtzia gordoni Bartsch, 1944.
Specimens collected: 42 specimens, 2. 0-5.0 mm, off
Pta. Estrella, San Felipe, dredge trip on Chamizal I
fishing boat, from seastar stomachs, 19 June 1968.
3 specimens, 2. 0-6. 4 mm, San Felipe, in grunge.
Distribution: Vancouver Island, British Columbia,
throughout the Gulf and S to the Golfo de Tehuantepec
(McLean in Keen, 1971); at Consag Rock [as Mangelia
roperi\ (DuShane & Brennan, 1969); from Guaymas,
Sonora [as M. roperi ] (DuShane & Poorman, 1967).
Genus Agathotoma Cossmann, 1899
Agathotoma alcippe (Dali, 1918)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
54(2238): 333. Figured: Keen #1816 (holotype of
Cytharella euryclea).
Synonyms: Pleurotoma parilis E. A. Smith, 1888, not
Edwards, 1860; Cytharella euryclea and C. pyrrhula,
both of Dali, 1919.
Specimens collected: 26 specimens, 4.8 - 6.3 mm,
Campo Uno, San Felipe, live under and on sides of
small rocks at minus 1.5 m (-5 ft) tide, February
1968.
4 specimens, 6. 1-7.0 mm, San Felipe.
Remarks: GemmelTs notes state also “Playa Alicia
grunge.”
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Santa Elena
Peninsula, Ecuador (McLean in Keen, 1971).
*Agathotoma neglecta (C. B. Adams, 1852)
(Figures 27, 28)
Catalogue of Shells Collected at Panama: 149, R.
Craighead, N.Y. Figured: Turner, 1956, pi. 8, fig. 4;
Keen #1819 (holotype).
Synonyms: Defrancia despecta H. & A. Adams, 1853,
unnecessary new name; Cytharella phryne Dali, 1919.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 3.4 mm, Bahia San
Luis Gonzaga, dredged.
Figures 27, 28. Agathotoma neglecta (C. B. Adams, 1852), 3.4 mm
specimen, dredged, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga (27) apertural view of
specimen with outer lip broken (28) detail showing outer lip of 4.7
mm specimen, C. Skoglund Collection.
Remarks: This is the first report of the species in the
northern Gulf.
Distribution: Islas Tres Marias, Mexico, to Panama
(McLean in Keen, 1971); Bahia San Carlos, Sonora
(Poorman & Poorman, 1988).
* Agathotoma stellata (Morch, 1860)
(Figures 29, 30)
Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Central Amerika’s.
Malakozoological Blatter for 1860: 103. Figured: Keen
#1821 (holotype of Cytharella hippolita).
Synonyms: Cytharella hippolita Dali, 1919; C.
taeniomata Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932.
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 3.6 & 4.5 mm, San
Felipe, in grunge.
6 spec., 3. 1-4.7 mm, Radar Beach, on hydroid.
Remarks: This is the first report of the species in the
San Felipe area. The specimens were identified by Dr.
J. H. McLean.
Distribution: Pta. San Hipolito, Baja California,
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 93
through the Gulf and S to Santa Elena Peninsula,
Ecuador. “Morch’s specimen prabably [s/c] came from
Costa Rica or Nicaragua” (McLean in Keen, 1971).
Figures 29, 30. Agathotoma stellata (Morch, 1860), 4.7 mm
specimen from Radar Beach, San Felipe, on hydroid (29) apertural
view (30) detail of protoconch.
*Agathotoma (Vitricythara) klasmidia Shasky, 1971.
(Figures 31, 32)
The Veliger 14(1): 71, 72, fig. 8. Also figured: Keen
#1822.
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 5. 2-6.2 mm, N of
Ensenada Blanca, San Felipe, 2 April 1973.
1 specimen, 8.5 mm, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga.
Remarks: .This is the first report of the species from the
San Felipe area. Identification confirmed by C.
Skoglund.
Distribution: Puertecitos, Baja California, to Bahia de
Panama (McLean in Keen, 1971); Manabi Province,
Ecuador (Shasky, 1984).
Genus Pyrgocythara Woodring, 1928
Pyrgocythara danae (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 33-35)
31 32
Figures 31, 32. Agathotoma klasmidia Shasky, 1971. 8.5 mm, San
Luis Gonzaga (31) apertural view (32) detail of protoconch.
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 63, pi. 21, fig. 6. Also figured: Keen #1825
(holotype).
Possible synonym: Crocker ella pederseni Hertlein &
Strong, 1951.
Specimens collected: 3 specimens, 4. 4-4. 7 mm, Bahia
San Felipe.
Remarks: As can be seen in Figures 33, 34, some of
the Gemmell specimens more closely resemble the
illustration of the synonym Crockerella pederseni in
Hertlein & Strong (1951: 78 , 79, pi. 1, fig. 5). In
Hertlein & Strong’s, description of C. pederseni, they
mentioned “ a slight swelling at the lower edge of the
anal sulcus.” This is apparent on the Gemmell
specimens but is not seen or mentioned for P. danae.
McLean in Keen (1971) illustrated P. danae as the
holotype. but the photo appears different than the
illustration of P. danae in Dali (1919, p. 63, pi. 21 ,
fig. 6). Both have the same holotype number, but
Dali’s measurement of 4.5 mm differs from the 4.8
mm reported in Keen. Dali’s figure seems to have an
immature lip which he stated is smooth within. The
figure in Keen appears to have a mature lip. If there
are separate species, the Gemmell specimens would
Page 94
THE FESTTVUS
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
be P. pederseni.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Guaymas, Sonora,
Mexico and Bahia Agua Verde, Baja California
(McLean in Keen, 1971); as Crockerella pederseni at
Guaymas (DuShane & Poorman, 1967: 435).
Figures 33-35. Pyrgocythara danae (Dali, 1919), 6.0 mm specimen,
RaHa San Felipe, from seas tar stomach, trawled in 9.4 m, June 1970
(33), apertural view (34) detail of aperture (35) detail of protoconch.
Pyrgocythara emersoni Shasky, 1971
(Figures 36, 37)
The Veliger 14(1): 72, fig. 10. Also figured: Keen
#1826 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, ±7.0 mm, Radar
Beach near Pta Estrella at the S end of Bahia San
Felipe [Station E], intertidal in -1.5 m (-5.0 ft.) low
tide, collected from seas tar stomachs, 1 June 1969
(Gemmell, Hertz & Myers, 1980: 47).
5 specimens, 5.2-7. 1 mm, Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi)
S of San Felipe, in intertidal grunge.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Guaymas and
Puertecitos (McLean in Keen, 1971).
* Pyrgocythara scammoni (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 38-40)
Figures 36, 37. Pyrgocythara emersoni Shasky, 1971, 6.5 mm,
Playa Alicia, 35 km (22 mi) S of San Felipe, in grunge (37) apertural
view (38) detail of protoconch
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 57, pi. 18, fig. 1. Also figured: Keen #1832
(holotype).
Specimens collected: 18 specimens, 4. 5-7.0 mm, Playa
Cadena, 5 km (3 mi) S of San Felipe, in intertidal
grunge. . .
11 specimens, 3. 6-6. 7 mm, Bahia San Felipe, intertidal.
4 specimens, 2.4-4. 1 mm, Bahia San Felipe from
seas tar stomachs, trawled in 9.4 m, June 1970.
1 specimen, 5.4 mm, from seastar stomach, San Felipe,
June 1969
Remarks: The one 5.4 mm specimen from a seastar
stomach was a problem to identify. Finally, the
specimen was sent to Dr. J. H. McLean who identified
it as a freak specimens of P. scammoni. He noted the
“regrowth after the final Up with anal notch apparent on
the dorsum of the shell” (Figure 40).
This is the first report of the species in the San
Felipe area.
Distribution: Bahia Magdalena and the N end of the
Gulf as far as Isla Tiburon (McLean in Keen, 1971);
Bahia la Cholla, Sonora (Draper, 1975); Bahia San Luis
Gonzaga (DuShane & Sphon, 1968); Guaymas, Sonora
(Poorman & Poorman, 1988).
Vol. XXXII(6): 2000
THE FESTTVUS
Page 95
3 8
39
Figures 38-40. Pyrgocythara scammoni (Dali, 1919). 5.7 mm, Bahia
San Felipe, intertidal (38) apertural view (39) detail of protoconch
(40) “freak” specimen from seas tar stomach showing dorsal sinus.
Subfamily Daphnellinae
Genus Daphnella Hinds, 1844
Daphnella bartschi Dali, 1919
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 74, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5. Also figured: Keen
#1837 (holotype).
Specimens collected: 2 specimens, 15.1 & 15.2 mm,
Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, beach specimens, April 1967.
Distribution: San Luis Gonzaga to Barra de Navidad,
Jalisco, Mexico, to Islas Galapagos (McLean in Keen,
1971).
Genus Philbertia Monterosato, 1884
Philbertia doris Dali, 1919
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
56(2288): 55, pi. 18, fig. 4. Also figured: Keen #1843
(holotype of Clathurella crebriforma) .
Synonym: Galhwella crebriforma Shasky & Campbell, 1964.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 5.0 mm, Playa Alicia,
35 km (22 mi) S of San Felipe, in intertidal grunge.
Distribution: Head of the Gulf to Bahia de Panama
(McLean in Keen, 1971); Manabi Province, Ecuador
(Shasky, 1984).
Genus Microdaphne McLean, 1971
* Microdaphne trichodes (Dali, 1919)
(Figures 41, 42)
Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56
(2288): 62, pi. 19, fig. 3. Also figured: Keen #1848.
Synonym: Pleurotoma hirsutum De Folin, 1867, not
Bellardi, 1848.
Specimen collected: 1 specimen, 3.7 mm, San Felipe,
in grunge.
Remarks: This is the first record of the species from
San Felipe.
Distribution: Puertecitos, head of the Gulf, to Isla
Gorgona, Colombia and the Islas Galapagos (McLean in
Keen, 1971); Isla Cedros, off the Pacific coast of Baja
California, to Peru (Emerson, 1991).
Figures 41, 42 Microdaphne trichodes (Dali, 1919), 3.7 mm, San
Felipe, in grunge (41) apertural view (42) detail of protoconch.
AM. MUS. NAT. rllb l . Litmfttti
Received oni 06-14-2(300
Page 96
THE FESTIVUS
LITERATURE CITED
BARTSCH, PAUL
1944. Some notes upon West American turrid mollusks.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 57:
25-30.
CARPENTER, PHILIP P.
1857. Catalogue of the collection of Mazatlan shells in the
British Museum... Paleonotolgical Research Institution,
Ithaca, NY, xii + 552 pp. (reprint ed., 1967)
COSEL, RUDO VON
1984. Moluscos marinos de la Isla de Gorgona (costa del
Pacifico Colombiano). Anales del Instimto de
Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin 14: 175-257,
figs. M2.
DALL, WILLIAM H.
1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family
Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent
regions. Proceedings of the United States National
Museum 56(2288): 1-86, pis. 1-24.
DRAPER, BERTRAM C.
1975. Checklist of shells collected at Cholla Bay, Sonora,
Mexico. The Festivus 6(11): 67.
DUSHANE, HELEN
1962. A checklist of mollusks for Puertecitos, Baja California,
Mexico. The Veliger 5(1): 39-50.
DUSHANE, HELEN & ELLEN BRENNAN
1969. A preliminary survey of mollusks for Consag Rock and
adjacent areas. Gulf of California, Mexico. The Veliger
11(4): 351-361, 1 map.
DUSHANE, HELEN & ROY POORMAN
1967. A checklist of mollusks for Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
The Veliger 9(4): 413-441.
DUSHANE, HELEN & GALE G. SPHON
1968. A checklist of intertidal mollusks for Bahia Willard and
the southwestern portion of Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, state
of Baja California, Mexico. The Veliger 10(3): 233-246,
1 map.
EMERSON, WILLIAM K.
1991 . First records for Cymatium mundum (Gould) in the eastern
Pacific Ocean, with comments on the zoogeography of the
tropical trans-Pacific tonnacean and non-tonnacean
prosobranch gastropods with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities
in west American waters. The Nautilus 105(2): 62-80,
figs. 1-24.
GEMMELL, JOYCE, CAROLE M. HERTZ & BARBARA W.
MYERS
1980. Seas tar predation on mollusks in the San Felipe Bay area,
Baja California, Mexico. The Festivus 12(3): 24-55, figs.
1-51.
HERTLEIN, LEO G. & A. M. STRONG
1951. Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological
Society XLH1. Mollusks from the west coast of Mexico
and Central America. Part X. Zoologica, N.Y. 36: 67-
120. pis. 1-11.
HERTZ, CAROLE M. & JULES HERTZ
1975. Eggs of Hormospira maculosa. The Festivus 6(6): 36,
figs. 1-3.
McLEAN, JAMES H. in KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Family Turridae, pp. 686-766 in Sea Shells of Tropical
West America. Marine mollusks from Baja California to
Peru. 2nd edition. Stanford University Press. 1-xiv +1064
pp. illustrated.
OLSSON, AXEL A.
1971 . Mollusks from the Gulf of Panama collected by R/V John
Elliott Pillsbury, 1967. Bulletin of Marine Science 21(1):
35-92, 103 figs.
PILSBRY, HENRY A. & H. N. LOWE
1932. West Mexican and Central American Mollusks collected
by H. N. Lowe, 1929-31. Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 84: 33-144, pis. 1-17, 7
text figs., 2 photos.
POORMAN, FORREST L & LEROY H. POORMAN
1988. A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos
rectangle, Sonora, Mexico, collected by Forrest L. and
Leroy H. Poorman from December 1953 to December
1983. The Festivus 20(6): 47-63, 1 map.
POWELL, A. W. B.
1966. The molluscan families Speighdidae and Turridae. Bulletin
of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1-184, pis. 1-23,
179 text figs.
REGUERO, MARTHA & ANTONIO GARCfA-CUBAS
1987. Sistemitica y ecologia de moluscos bentonicos de Nayarit.
Memorias, Sociedad Mexicana Malacologia 3: 31-47, figs.
1-2.
SHASKY, DONALD R.
1984. A preliminary checklist of marine mollusks from Manabi
Province, Ecuador. The Western Society of Malacologists
Annual Report [for 1983] 16: 25-32.
SKOGLUND, CAROL
1991. Panamic range extensions for Drillia (Gastropoda:
Turridae). The Festivus 23(6): 47.
1992. Additions to the Panamic Province Gastropod (Mollusca)
Literature 1971 to 1992. The Festivus, Vol. 24
(Supplement): 169 pp.
TURNER, RUTH D.
1956. The eastern Pacific marine mollusks described by C. B.
Adams. Occasional Papers on Mollusks, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 2(20): 21-135,
pis. 1-21.
GL401
. F4ia
v. XXXII
no. 7
July 13,
2000
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XXXII
July 13, 2000
ISSN 0738-9388
Number: 7
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Michael L. Mason
Vice President
Kim Hutsell
Secretary (Corres.)
Mark Scott
Secretary (Record.)
Silvana Vollero
Treasurer
Linda L. Hutsell
Past President
Terry S. Arnold
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Kay Klaus
Librarian
Kay Klaus
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor
Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager
Jules Hertz
Photographer
David K. Mulliner
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Collecting, Diving and Exploring in the Philippines
Club members Kay Klaus and Mike and Karen Philippine Islands. They will show slides of some of
Mason will give a talk on their recent vacation in the the areas in which they dived and visited.
Meeting date: July 20, 2000
Shells of the month: Philippine shells
CONTENTS
Club news 98
New distributional records of opisthobranchs from the Punta Eugenia region of the Baja California
Peninsula: a report based on 1997-1998 CONABIO-sponsored expeditions
Hans Bertsch, Orso Angulo Campillo and Jose Luis Arreola 99
The Veliger - Stohler Memorial Fund 104
Dr. Rudolf (Ruedi) Stohler December 5, 1901 - April 24, 2000
Carole M. Hertz
105
Page 98
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(7): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - June 15, 2000
President Mike Mason welcomed everyone and
called the meeting to order at 7:45 p.m. The minutes of
the May meeting were approved as written in The
Festivus, with a motion by Billee Gerrodette and
seconded by Carole Hertz.
Linda Hutsell has taken over as our new Librarian.
Editor Carole Hertz continues to request articles.
Several guests were recognized and welcomed.
The date for the September Party is the 16th, (see
col. 2). Mike also announced that Tom Rice's
publication list is available and anyone interested in
being included in Tom’s Who's Who in Malacology
should take a form and send it to Tom Rice.
Vice President Kim Hutsell introduced Dr. Henry
(Hank) Chaney of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History, the speaker for the evening. Hank began by
introducing the release of the long-awaited book,
Bivalve Seashells of Western North America by Coan,
Valentich Scott and Bernard. Copies were available for
sale at the meeting. In addition to covering the bivalve
mollusks from Alaska to southern California, the book
contains an excellent bibliography.
Hank then talked about his recent trip to the
Marquesas Islands, a remote set of islands near French
Polynesia. There are four main islands. The group
visited two of them (Nuku Hiva and Ua Pou). He said
that the islands had a rich culture and were very
populous until Cook's arrival. From then on, there was
much more disease. Today only about 3,500 people
occupy the islands. He and the others in the group
stayed at an embayment at Taiohea. It was windy and
there were sheer cliffs with little beach area. Although
there was not much opportunity for intertidal collecting,
diving was productive. The area is quite rich especially
because of its forms of species that are isolated within
these islands. For example, a subspecies of Lambis
crocata there has very long spines. Often when a
species was found, many of them were found together.
There was a lack of bivalves and not much coral,
though there were many sea urchins. His favorite shell
from the trip was a beautiful Chicoreus thomasi.
Hank’s program, with his fine slides, was not only
very entertaining but gave a great deal of information
about the islands and their history. It was a program
greatly enjoyed by the large group in attendance.
The winner of the shell drawing was Margaret
Mulliner. Thanks to the Masons and the Schneiders
for the delicious refreshments. The meeting was
adjourned at 8:40 p.m. for socializing and further
browsing of reprints, books and plastic boxes on sale.
Silvana Vollero
New Member
Pras, Stephane, 15 Rue Marbeau, 75116 Paris, France
The September Party
The September party will be held on Saturday
evening September 16th, again at the home of Terry
and Marty Arnold. It will be another fantastic “Heavy
Grazing” affair. Those who attend are asked to bring
delicious munchies to fill the cravings of the always
hungry guests.
Details and map in the August issue.
A New Club Librarian
With this issue, our friend and member, Kay
Klaus, and her husband Del will be relocated to Texas.
We thank Kay for her considerable help as interim
librarian and appreciate Linda Hutsell ’s willingness to
take over as Club librarian.
We will all miss Kay and hope that she will keep
her promise to visit us often.
Club Historian and Host Needed
With the departure of member Kay Klaus, the
Club needs a historian. It is not a difficult position —
keeping the historian’s book up-to-date with photos and
items of interest pertaining to the Club. The historian’s
books are kept in the new permanent library cabinets
and available for viewing by members at meetings.
The Club has also been in need of a Host since the
beginning of last year. This is not a difficult job
either. If you attend most meetings and would be
willing to set up the refreshment table each time,
please contact Mike Mason and offer to take over the
position [E-mail: < mmason2706@aol.com > or
phone: (619-482-1098].
Vol. XXXII(7): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 99
NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF OPISTHOBRANCHS
FROM THE PUNTA EUGENIA REGION OF THE BAJA CALIFORNIA
PENINSULA: A REPORT BASED ON 1997-1998
CONABIO-SPONSORED EXPEDITIONS
HANS BERTSCH1, ORSO ANGULO CAMPILLO, and JOSE LUIS ARREOLA
Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur,
Aptdo. Postal 19-B, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico 23080
ABSTRACT We report range extensions of nine opisthobranch species (Aptysiopsis oliviae, Thordisa rubescens,
Peltodoris nayarita, Platydoris macfarlandi, Crosslandia daedali, Flabellina vansyoci, Catriona rickettsi, Cuthona
albocrusta, and Cuthona lagunae ) to the central Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.
INTRODUCTION
Almost 30 years ago, the southern distributional
limits of many Californian opisthobranchs ended at La
Jolla or San Diego. This was an artifact of collecting
activities and politics, not biology. During the past 15
plus years, the opisthobranch fauna of the Pacific coast
of the Baja California Peninsula has become much better
known (e.g., Bertsch, 1990, 1991; Bertsch & Gosliner,
1986; and Bertsch & Will an, 1986). There are two
distinct faunal provinces along this coastline. The
northeastern Pacific coast of Baja California is clearly
part of the warm temperate faunal province of southern
California, which ends approximately at Punta Eugenia.
The tropical Panamic (= eastern Pacific) Faunal
Province begins at Bahia Magdalena and continues south
to the Islas Galapagos and Peru (Keen, 1971).
However, the opisthobranch fauna of the central
Pacific coastline of the Baja California Peninsula
(between Punta Eugenia and Bahia Magdalena) remains
one of the lesser-studied in the northeastern Pacific.
During the mid-1980s, joint expeditions of the
California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco,
California) and the Universidad Autonoma de Baja
California (Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja
California) yielded significant new information for this
region (see Bertsch, 1985; Gosliner, Ghiselin &
Bertsch, 1985; Gosliner, 1994; and data incorporated in
Behrens, 1991).
The area between Punta Eugenia and Bahia
Magdalena represents a zone of provincial-level faunal
overlap (Bertsch, 1993). Although the fauna is still
greatly unknown, one can predict a mixture of
temperate southern California and tropical Golfo de
California species. Almost no data exist on seasonal
variation for this region. In this ecotonal region
southern range extensions of Californian temperate
species and northern range extensions of tropical
Panamic Province species are expected to be
encountered.
Our grant from the Mexican federal biodiversity
agency (Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso
de la Biodiversidad = CONABIO) involved two areas
of research directly impacting this area:
a) First, a field study of the intertidal and subtidal
biodiversity of opisthobranchs in Mexican federally
designated Regiones Prioritarias # 5 (Vizcaino-Cedros-
E1 Barril, basically from Isla Cedros to Punta Eugenia,
including Bahia Tortugas), and # 7 (Cabo San Lucas,
Bahia de La Paz and Loreto). Results from region # 7
l
Mail correspondence to all authors to: 192 Imperial Beach Blvd. M, Imperial Beach, CA 91932, USA.
Page 100
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(7): 200
are found in Angulo (2000, thesis, UABCS), and
Bertsch & Valdes (in preparation). In this report we
present significant new data and range extensions for
opisthobranch mollusks from Region Prioritaria # 5 .
b) The second aspect of our grant involved the
" repatriacion de daws” by which we were able to
examine the collections of the three major natural
history museums in California (California Academy of
Sciences [CAS], Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History [SBMNH] , and Los Angeles County Museum
of Natural History [LACM]), and recorded the
collecting data of all opisthobranch specimens from
Pacific Mexican waters. This information has been
incorporated into the Mexican National Biodiversity
Data Base that will be available online through the
auspices of CONABIO.
Our CONABIO-sponsored field and museum
research expeditions yielded new distributional records
of opisthobranchs. In Bertsch, Angulo & Arreola,
1999, we published reports and a discussion of new
records of Pleurobranchus areolatum (Morch, 1863),
Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1823), and
Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888, from Baja California
Sur (BCS).
In this article, we report range extensions of nine
opisthobranch species (from the Golfo de California or
the lower Baja California Peninsula, and from southern
California) to the Punta Eugenia/Bahia Tortugas region
of Baja California Sur. Our intertidal collecting site at
Bahia Tortugas, is situated at 27° 41.6' N; 114° 53.3’
W; Punta Eugenia is at approximately 27° 51' N; 115°
05' W.
Voucher specimens are in the collections of the
Marine Biology Department of the UABCS, La Paz,
BCS, Mexico, with the exception of Platydoris
macfarlandi which is in the collections of the LACM;
color slides are in the collection of the senior author.
ORDER SACOGLOSSA
FAMILY HERMAEIDAE
Aptysiopsis oliviae (MacFarland, 1966)
Material Examined: 1 specimen, 5 mm in length;
El Morro, Isla Cedros (28° 01’ N; 115° 11' W);
intertidal, on Sargassum\ 23 April 1998; leg. Orso
Angulo Campillo (OAC) & Jose Luis Arreola (JLA).
Description and Discussion: The dark coloration
and distinctive rhinophore shape are diagnostic features
for this species.
Its previous known range had been from Saltspring
Island, British Columbia, Canada (Millen, 1980), to
Monterey Bay, California (MacFarland, 1966). Our
specimen represents a southern range extension of over
1 150 km, and the first report from off the Pacific coast
of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.
ORDER NUDIBRANCHIA
SUBORDER DORIDACEA
FAMILY DISCODORIDIDAE
Thordisa rubescens Behrens & Henderson, 1981
Material Examined: 1 specimen, 6 mm total
length; Las Gavilanes, Punta Eugenia, BCS (27° 51.22’
N; 115° 04.38' W); subtidal, 5 m deep; 7 October
1998; leg. Hans Bertsch (HB) and OAC.
Description and Discussion: Distinctive external
features of this species are the variously-sized dorsal
papillae, and the brilliant red-orange body color mottled
with gold flecks behind the rhinophores, along the
midline of the dorsum, and around the branchial
plumes.
Although this species may reach 90 mm in total
length, our specimen measured only 6 mm.
Our specimen matched exactly the descriptions of
T. rubsecens from southern California (Palos Verdes
and San Clemente Island), and represents a southern
range extension of more than 550 km and its first report
from Mexican waters.
Pelwdoris nayarita Ortea and Llera, 1981
Material Examined: 1 specimen; 18 mm; about 1
km NE of Punta Eugenia, BCS; 6 m deep; 15 August
1998 (74° F water temperature); leg. HB and OAC.
Description and Discussion: The orange red body
with brown splotches match the original description, as
do also the tubercles covering the dorsum, and the
obviously elevated pockets surrounding the rhinophores
and gills. Dr. Angel Valdes informs me that our
specimen exactly matches specimens of this species
which he has collected south of the type locality.
The original description of this species was based
on only a single specimen collected from Isla Isabela,
Nayarit, Mexico. In addition to being only the second
specimen ever reported, our organism represents a
significant northward range extension of nearly 1300 km
from the center of the Panamic Faunal Province, and its
first reported occurrence in nearly 20 years. It should
also be noted that our specimen from the Punta Eugenia
region was collected during a period of warm water for
this region.
Vol. XXXII(7): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 101
FAMILY PLATYDORIDIDAE
Platydoris macfarlandi Hanna, 1951
Material Examined: 2 specimens; 74 and 64 mm
total preserved length; Bahia San Cristobal, BCS (27°
24' 28" N; 114° 39' 40" W); 30 m deep; April 1950; in
the collections of LACM (1949-50).
Description and Discussion: This flat, disk-
shaped dorid is distinctive for the minute villiform
papillae which give it a velvety smooth appearance
(Behrens, 1991). It has been reported only twice from
the southern California bight region. Hanna (1951)
described the species based on three preserved
individuals which had been dredged from 157-201 m
(86-110 fm) depth off Pismo Beach, California.
Behrens & Henderson (1983) described two live
specimens trawled from 55-1 13 m depth in the Redondo
Canyon (33° 50' 20" N; 118° 25’ 20” W), which had
been on the yellow sponge Subarites ficus (Johnson,
1842). Now, nearly 50 years after the original
description of the species, we report a southern range
extension of over 700 km for this species, based on
specimens deposited in the collections of the LACM a
year before the species was named and its first record
from the Pacific coast of BCS.
The "rarity" of this species may well be an artifact
of collecting activity. Most nudibranch researchers
study the intertidal and (only recently) scuba-accessible
subtidal depths, not the deeper sub tidal and continental
shelf depths from which the specimens of P.
macfarlandi have been reported. This is similar to
known records of Bathydoris aioca, which had been
reported only once from the Isla Guadalupe, Baja
California, Mexico, holotype by Marcus & Marcus
(1962), before the deep water Oregon records published
by Valdes & Bertsch (2000).
The patronymy and authorship of this species recall
a most poignant moment in the history of west coast
malacology. California Academy of Sciences
paleontologist G Dallas Hanna, and original member of
the Editorial Board of The Veliger, named this species
in honor of Dr. Frank Mace MacFarland. Dr. Hanna
published only this single nudibranch article in his entire
professional life. He prefaced it with the following
comments:
"A few minutes before Dr. F.M. MacFarland
collapsed on February 21, 1951, he discussed
with me the generic position of a rather
remarkable species of nudibranch which had
been collected a few weeks previously. He
unquestionably would have described this
animal in his very thorough manner had fate
permitted. As a poor substitute, I will
endeavor to place it on record and it seems
fitting that it be named for him. "
The history of science and our understanding of the
unknown is often made by such personal interactions.
SUBORDER DENDRONOTACEA
FAMILY SCYLLAEIDAE
Crosslandia daedali Poorman & Mulliner, 1981
Material Examined: One specimen, 10 mm total
length; Malarrimo, Punta Eugenia, BCS (27° 47.98' N;
114° 43' W); 2 m deep; 17 August 1998; leg. HB &
OAC.
Description and Discussion: The body shape and
coloration patterns are quite distinctive for C. daedali :
the wide winglike lobes extend laterally along the
middle half of each side; they have numerous
fimbriating retractable branchial tufts irregularly placed
on the inside surface of the lobes and the adjacent dorsal
surface. The color is greenish brown-orange, with
brilliant blue small round spots medially along the side
of the body (Poorman & Mulliner, 1981: 96-97).
This species had previously been reported only
from the Sonoran shores of the Golfo de California,
slightly north of Guaymas: Tinajas, Bahia Baco-
chimbampo, and Punta Cuevas, Bahia de San Carlos.
Our specimen of C. daedali from the Punta Eugenia
region (on the outer Pacific coast of the BC Peninsula)
represents the first record other than the type locality
region, the first report of this species from outside the
Golfo de California, and its first finding in almost 20
years since the original description. Intermediate
localities need to be examined for additional records and
to establish its biology and natural history.
SUBORDER AEOLEDACEA
FAMILY FLABELLINIDAE
Flabellina vansyoci Gosliner, 1994
Material Examined: 3 specimens, 14, 15 and 18
mm in total length; reef by lighthouse at Campitos
(Punta Eugenia region, BCS, 21° 49.42’ N; 114°
51.07' W); 6 m deep; 3 October 1998; leg. HB &
OAC.
Description and Discussion: This northward
range extension of over 450 km is significant because
our specimens are the first report of this species outside
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXE(7): 2000
the limits of the Panamic Province. Its only previous
reports have been from Bahia Magdalena and south to
Isla Ladrones, Panama (Gosliner, 1994). This record
(and that of C. daedali) emphasizes the provincial-level
ecotonal nature of the region between Bahia Magdalena
and Punta Eugenia discussed in the Introduction of this
paper.
This species has been illustrated with a color
photograph as Flabellina sp. 2 (Species #173, Behrens,
1991).
FAMILY TERGIPEDIDAE
Catriona rickettsi Behrens, 1984
Material Examined: 2 specimens, 4 and 5 mm
total length; Piedras Blancas, islands northeast of Punta
Eugenia, BCS (approx. 27° 51.8' N; 115° 02' W);
subtidal, 13 m deep; 18 August 1998; leg. HB & OAC.
Description and Discussion: This distinctively
brilliandy colored eolid has previously been reported
only from San Francisco Bay and La Jolla, California
(Behrens, 1984). Our specimens are the first report
from the Pacific BC coast of Mexico, and represent a
southward range extension of over 500 km.
Cuthona albocrusta (MacFarland, 1966)
Material Examined: 1 specimen, 4 mm total
length; in front of the former PESCA station, Bahia
Tortugas, BCS (approx. 27° 41.6' N; 114° 53.3' W);
intertidal; 24 February 1998; leg. HB & OAC.
Description and Discussion: The white frosting
markings on the body and cerata are specific diagnostic
characters.
This species' previously known range is from the
San Juan Islands, Washington, to Palos Verdes,
California (Behrens, 1991). Our specimen represents a
southward range extension of approximately 650 km,
and the first report of this species from the Mexican
waters of the Pacific coast of the BC Peninsula.
Cuthona lagunae (O’Donoghue, 1926)
Material Examined: 1 specimen, 5.5 mm total
length; reef in front of former PESCA facility, Bahia
Tortugas; intertidal; 25 December 1997; leg. HB &
OAC.
Description and Discussion: The orange-red
coloration on the rhinophores and on the tips of the
cerata are distinctive. Overall body coloration is
whitish, with black ceratal cores.
This species has been reported from Curry County,
Oregon, USA, to Islas San Benito, BC, Mexico
(Behrens, 1991). Although our specimen represents
only a very small southeastward range extension, it is
important in establishing a possible long-term presence
of this species along the Pacific coast of the BC
Peninsula.
SUMMARY DISCUSSION AND PROPOSAL
FOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
Publication of range extensions may sometimes
appear problematic, trivial, or less than significant.
However, this perhaps well-meaning perspective falters
when natural history is considered. Our knowledge of
marine invertebrate distributions is significantly limited.
One only needs to look at field guides for mammals,
birds or reptiles to see a distinct difference in the
biological understanding of the natural history of
different groups of organisms. If you or I see an
unidentifiable bird or mammal, a simple perusal of
distributional maps will usually allow us to properly
identify it. By contrast, the complete or changing
distributions of many opisthobranch species are
unknown (as this paper demonstrates). Seasonal or
yearly variation based on various climatic, substrate or
other factors, are only partially understood. One cannot
rely on known distributional maps.
We are in a marvelous period of discovery that will
lead to significant information about the geographic and
temporal variation of opisthobranch species. If we
properly record variations in occurrences of species and
improve our knowledge of the biodiversity of
interrelated marine habitats, we will better understand
the long-term selective and chance processes that impact
evolutionary processes and how we can act to preserve
them rather than push organisms to the verge of
extinction.
Therefore I propose an ongoing research
publication project concerning marine molluscan
biodiversity. Scientific journals (such as The Veliger,
The Festivus, Journal of Molluscan Studies, etc.), and
electronic sites (such as Mike Miller's Opisthobranch
Site, <www.slugsite.tierranet.com>, with its multiple
online linkages), should publish more collecting data
from various research expeditions. These data should
not languish in individual record logs, but should be
incorporated into accessible scientific databases.
With these data we can begin to understand the
population dynamics of marine species that may have
even a greater ecosystem role than some of the more
Vol. XXXn(7): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 103
engaging species (i.e., those with the brown-eyed fuzzy
factor) that conservation biologists need to present for
public support of environmental protection programs.
Since the earth is blue (the oceans cover over 70% of
earth's surface) we need to pay greater attention to the
slimy details of marine invertebrate diversity (Wilson,
1988; Reaka-Kudla, Wilson & Wilson, 1997).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to CONABIO for the grant which
allowed us to perform this research; the assistance of
the staff at the fishing cooperatives in Bahia Tortugas:
including Manuel Higuera Serrano of La Purisima, and
Francisco Robles of Cooperativa Natividad; to
Francisco Javier Zacatzi Ayala and his family and crew
at the Restaurant/Hotel Vera Cruz; and for the great
warmth and hospitality shown us by all the inhabitants
of the area who asked more than once, "What are you
looking for? ^Babosas del mar?"
We also thank the curators and collection managers
of the California natural history museums (CAS: Robert
van Syoc; SBMNH: Henry Chaney and Paul Valentich
Scott; LACM: Lindsay Groves) for their invaluable
assistance, and Dr. Terrence M. Gosliner (CAS) for his
valued comments on the manuscript.
As with any scientific expedition, we extend special
thanks to our families and loved ones who remained
behind while we endured the rigors of the field.
LITERATURE CITED
ANGULO CAMPELLO, ORSO.
2000. Determinaci6n de los moluscos opistobranquios (Mollusca:
Opisthobranchia) de Baja California Sur, Mexico. Thesis,
Universidad Auttinoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz.
BEHRENS. DAVID W.
1984. Notes on the tergipedid nudibranchs of the northeastern
Pacific, with a description of a new species. The Veliger
27(1): 65-71.
1991 . Pacific coast nudibranchs, second edition. Sea Challengers,
Monterey, 107 pp.
BEHRENS, DAVID W., &. R. HENDERSON.
1981. Two new cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs from California.
The Veliger 24 (2): 120-128.
1983. Redescription of Platydoris macfarlandi Hanna, 1951, a
rare deepwater doridacean nudibranch. The Veliger 25 (4):
365-369.
BERTSCH, HANS.
1985. An international reconnaissance expedition: Marine
zoogeography of Baja California Sur. Environment
Southwest 508: 18-23.
1990. Malacological explorations along the inner and outer coasts
of Baja California. Western Society of Malacologists,
Annual Report 22: 27.
1991. Biodiversity of the dorid nudibranch (Mollusca:
Opisthobranchia) fauna of the Pacific coast of the three
Califomias: systematic and zoogeographic comments. In:
Murray Dailey and Hans Bertsch (eds.). Proceedings Vm
International Symposium of Marine Biology, Ensenada,
Baja California, Mexico. Pp. 107-115.
1993. Opistobranquios (Mollusca) de la costa occidental de
Mexico. In: S.I. Salazar Vallejo y N.E. Gonzalez (eds.),
Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de Mexico. CONABIO y
CIQRO, Mexico. Pp. 253-270.
BERTSCH, HANS, ORSO ANGULO CAMPILLO, & JOSE LUIS
ARREOLA.
1999. Opisthobranchs of Bahia Tortugas, Baja California Sur,
Mexico (27° 41.6' N; 114° 53.3' W): Preliminary report
on 1997-1998 CONABIO-sponsored expeditions.
Opisthobranch Newsletter 25 (2): 5-7.
BERTSCH, HANS & TERRENCE M. GOSLINER.
1986. Anatomy, distribution, synonymy, and systematic
relationships of Aiagema alba (O'Donoghue, 1927)
(Nudibranchia: Doridacea). The Veliger 29 (1): 123-128.
BERTSCH, HANS & RICHARD C. WILLAN.
1986. Occurrence of the nudibranch Diaphorodoris lirulato cauda
in northwest Mexico. The Festivus 18 (10): 145.
BERTSCH, HANS & ANGEL VALDES.
In prep. Morphology and distributional records of Doriopsis viridis
and Facelina steamsi (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the La
Paz region of Baja California Sur, Mexico.
GOSLINER, TERRENCE M.
1994. New records of Flabellinidae (Opisthobranchia: Aeolidacea)
from the tropical Americas, with descriptions of two new
species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
48(9): 171-183.
GOSLINER, TERRENCE M., MICHAEL T. GHISELLN & HANS
BERTSCH.
1985. Opisthobranch mollusks of the Punta Eugenia region, with
a discussion of their biogeographic affinities. Western
Society of Malacologists, Annual Report 17: 11.
HANNA, G DALLAS.
1951. A new west American nudibranch mollusk. The Nautilus
65 (1): 1-3.
KEEN, A. MYRA.
1971. Sea shells of tropical west America: Marine mollusks from
Baja California to Peru. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, CA, xiv + 1064 pp.
MacFARLAND, FRANK MACE.
1966. Studies of opisthobranchia te mollusks of the Pacific coast of
North America. Memoirs of the California Academy of
Sciences 6: xvi + 546 pp.
MILLEN, SANDRA.
1980. Range extensions, new distribution sites, and notes on the
biology of sacoglossan opisthobranchs (Mollusca:
Gastropoda) in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of
Zoology 58: 1207-1209.
ORTEA, JEStlS & EVA MARIA LLERA.
1981. Un nuevo d6rido (Mollusca: Nudibranchiata) de la Isla
Isabel, Nayarit, Mexico. Iberus 1 : 47-52.
POORMAN, LEROY H. & DAVID K. MULLINER.
1981. A new species of Crosslandia (Nudibranchia:
Dendronotacea) from the Gulf of California. The Nautilus
95 (2): 96-99.
REAKA-KUDLA. MARJORIE L., DON E. WILSON & EDWARD
O. WILSON (eds.).
1997. Biodiversity H: Understanding and protecting our biological
Page 104
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(7): 2000
resources. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C. v +
551 pp.
valdes. Angel & hans bertsch.
2000. Redescripton and range extension of Bathydoris aioca
Marcus & Marcus, 1962 (Nudibranchia:
Gnathodoridoidea). The Veliger 43 (2): 210-216.
WILSON, EDWARD O. (ed.).
1988. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
xiii + 521 pp.
THE VELIGER - STOHLER MEMORIAL FUND
A memorial fund has been set up in honor of Dr.
Rudolf (Ruedi) Stohler. Appropriately, it honors him
by insuring that The Veliger, the prestigious journal
which he nurtured from its modest beginning, will
continue to be able to help young malacologists as it has
done in the past.
“... Ruedi ... laid the solid foundation on which we
continue to build. In its early years, he personally
financed The Veliger, and with the help of Jean and
Crawford Cate, and other friends, built an endowment
that continues to subsidize the journal’s publication
today.
The Veliger Board met recently and discussed
options for honoring our founding editor. We decided
to create a memorial fund and invite our members and
friends to make a contribution in his memory. These
donations will be used to enhance the endowment that
provides grants to students with limited resources to
cover their page charges. Ruedi provided many of
today’s prominent malacologists with their first
opportunity to publish in a scientific journal, and
we think it highly appropriate to continue this important
tradition in his name. We plan to dedicate the October
issue in his memory, and contributors who make
donations before July 31 will be acknowledged in this
issue.
Please make your tax-deductible contributions to:
The Veliger - Stohler Memorial Fund
Dr. Henry Chaney, Secretary
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
2559 Puesta del Sol Road
Santa Barbara, CA 93105-2936, USA”
Sincerely,
Dr. William K. Emerson
Chair, Rudolf Stohler Memorial Fund
Dr. Terrence M. Gosliner
President, California Malacozoological Society, Inc.
Vol. XXXEI(7): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 105
DR. RUDOLF (RUEDI) STOHLER
December 5, 1901 - April 24, 2000
It is with sadness that we report the passing of
Rudolf Stohler at the age of 98. He died on 24 April of
heart failure at his home in Berkeley, California.
Ruedi, bom and raised in Basel, Switzerland, was
interested in nature from early childhood and was a
collector of all manner of objects natural and otherwise.
He attended universities in Basel and Geneva and earned
PhDs in both Zoology and Botany.
Dr. Stohler first came to the United States in 1928
on an International Exchange Fellowship at the Hooper
Foundation for Medical Research in San Francisco. It
was there that he worked on the problem of paralytic
shellfish poisoning, proving that the red tide flagellates
ingested by mussels and clams made them poisonous
and that all other organisms feeding on the bivalves
would also be toxic (Smith, 1983). It was as a result of
his work that public health officials began a monitoring
program, posting warnings during the occurrences of
the toxic micro-organisms affecting the clams and
mussels. At the September 1964 meeting of the San
Diego Shell Club, Ruedi spoke of his work
lightheartedly, advising members about eating mussels
safely. He said, “...boil them, drain off the liquid, then
open and discard the shells — now, throw away what
remains "(Anon. 1964).
It was during his time at the Hooper Foundation
that he met and married Genevieve J. Emerson, a
premedical student working there as a laboratory
technician. They went back together to Switzerland
when Ruedi’ s fellowship was over and returned to the
United States in 1932. Ruedi then became a citizen of
this country, and together they raised a family of five
children. In 1933 he was made a Research Associate at
the University of California, Berkeley, where he started
teaching a class in cytology and courses in zoology and
biology at the university extension. He was the Curator
of the Museum of Invertebrate Zoology at the university
until his retirement in 1969.
He began collecting shells in 1941, being most
interested in speciation and population genetics. With
several colleagues, he founded the Northern California
Malacozoological Club in 1952 and The Veliger, the
Club’s newsletter, was bom in 1958. Ruedi named it
The Veliger because he “hoped it would always continue
Dr. Rudolf Stohler. Photo: James H. McLean. With kind permission
of the California Malacozoolocical Society, Inc. [The Veliger ].
to grow” (Cate, 1964). Ruedi became editor with
Volume 2, doing the typing on an electric typewriter
(the latest in technology then), collating on the dining
room table, pre-addressing and sorting the envelopes,
filling the mailbags by zip code and delivering them to
the post office. For a fascinating read on these early
years, see Cate, 1989. Under Ruedi ’s editorship
(through Volume 25, in 1983) the mimeographed
newsletter grew to become the distinguished journal we
know today.
Besides being the founding editor of the premier
journal, The Veliger, and a respected scientist (Cate,
1964,1989; Smith, 1983), Ruedi was a good friend to
the San Diego Shell Club, an Honorary Life Member
since 1965. Long-time members of the Club remember
him with great affection; he spoke to the Club on
several occasions in the 1960s, wrote articles for The
Festivus, made the Club a part of his research on
Olivella biplicata, and through his efforts, the News of
the Western Association of Shell Clubs was bom in 1961
Page 106
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(7): 2000
and continued until 1969 as a vehicle for west coast
shell clubs to share news. The four west coast clubs
sent their news to Dr. Stohler’s daughter Heidi, who put
the bimonthly publication together and sent it out to
member clubs.
The “Olivella Dives,” the Club’s pan in Dr.
Stohler’s research on growth in the species Olivella
biplicata (Sowerby, 1825), were a great adventure for
those members who participated during the nine years
of the project from 27 July 1959 to 13 July 1968. See
the writeups in News of the Western Association of Shell
Clubs [San Diego Shell Club] listed below. His early
work on O. biplicata was published in The Nautilus
(Stohler, 1952, 1959c, 1960a, b) and the results of the
O. biplicata project were published in The Veliger
(Stohler, 1962, 1969).
Ruedi was known for his many kindnesses to
students and amateurs, encouraging them to publish
their first papers, many in The Veliger. The Festivus
has received letters and phone calls from Ruedi
expressing his pleasure in issues he had received. Even
after he was totally blind, he told me that his wife,
Genevieve, read every issue of The Festivus to him.
The malacological world has lost a giant of a man.
Molluscan Species Described by Rudolf Stohler
Astraea (Uvanilla) rupicollina Stohler, 1959 = A.
turbanica (Dali, 1910).
Macrarene coronadensis Stohler, 1959 = Arene
(Macrarene) coronadensis (Stohler, 1959) = ? Arene
(Macrarene) calif omica (Dali, 1908).
Taxa named in honor of Rudolf Stohler
Subgenus Stohleria Coan, 1984
Lepidozona (Lepidozona) stohleri Ferreira, 1985
Terebra stohleri Bratcher & Burch, 1970
Acanthodoris stohleri Lance, 1968 = A. pina Marcus &
Marcus, 1967.
Flabellina stohleri Bertsch & Ferreira, 1974 = F. telja
Marcus & Marcus, 1967.
Papers on Molluscan topics by Rudolf Stohler
1930. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Geschlechtszyklus von
Mytilus calif omianus . Zoologischer Anzeiger
90(9-12): 263-268. (15 September)
1950. Studies on mollusks populations: I. The
Nautilus 64(2): 47-51. (October)
Figure 2. Lepidozona (Lepidozona) stohleri Ferreira, 1985. Bahia de
los Angeles, Golfo de California, dredged, 70-130 ft.. May 1976.
Photo: Paul Skoglund.
1952. Studies on mollusk populations: n. The
Nautilus 65(4): 135-137. (April)
1955. Studies on mollusk populations — IE.
[Abstract] Annual Report of the American
Malacological Union #22: 15. (31 December)
1958. Studies on mollusk populations: Ilia. The
Nautilus 71(4): 129-131, pi. 10. (April)
1959a. Why rules of priority. The Veliger 1(3): 17-
18. (1 January)
1959b. Two new species of west North American
marine gastropods. Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences 29(11): 423-
444, figs. 1-10. (27 February)
1959c. Why rules of priority? The Veliger 1(4): 36-
38. (1 April)
1959d. Range extension of some west N.A. marines.
The Nautilus 72(4): 127-130. (April)
1959e. Why rules of priority? The Veliger 2(1): 17-
18. (1 July)
1959f. The Red Tide of 1958 at Ensenada, Baja
Vol. XXXH(7): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 107
California, Mexico. The Veliger 2(2): 32-35,
pis. 6, 7. (1 October)
1959g. How to build a private collection which is
scientifically valuable. The Veliger 2(2): 39-
40. (1 October)
1 95 9h . Studies on mollusk populations : 4 . The N autilus
73(2): 65-72h, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3. (October)
1960a. Studies on mollusk populations: IV (cont’d).
The Nautilus 73(3): 95-103. (January)
1960b. Fluctuations in mollusk populations after a red
tide in the estero de Punta Banda, Lower
California, Mexico. The Veliger 3(1): 23-28,
pi. 4. (1 July)
1961a. To describe? - or NOT to describe? The
Veliger 3(3): 84-87. (1 January)
1961b. What’s the difference? The Veliger 3(4): 113-
114. (1 April)
1961c. Comments on the proposal to place the generic
name Gari Schumacher, 1817, on the official
list unemended. Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature 18: 299. (November)
1962a. Preliminary report on growth studies in
Olivella biplicata. The Veliger 4(3): 150-151,
pi. 36. (1 January)
1962b. What’s the difference? Genotype - Phenotype.
The Veliger 4(3): 162-163. (1 January)
1962c. What’s the difference? Holotype - Paratype -
Syntype - Hypotype. The Veliger 4(4): 217-
218. (1 April)
1962d. What’s the difference? Topotype - Homeotype
- Plastotype - Lectotype - Neotype. The
Veliger 5(1): 58-59. (1 July)
1962e. The disposition of type specimens. The Veliger
5(2): 95-97. (1 October)
1963. Studies on mollusk populations. V. — Tegula
rugosa (A. Adams, 1853). The Veliger 5(3):
117-121, 4 text figs. (1 January)
1964. Studies on mollusk populations VI. — Tegula
funebralis (A. Adams, 1855). The Veliger 6
(Supplement) pp. 77-81, figs. 1-5. (15
November)
1969a. Growth study in Olivella biplicata (Sowerby,
1825). The Veliger 11(3): 259-267, 1 map, 1
text fig., 11 tables. (1 January)
1969b. The type of Tegula funebralis (A. Adams,
1855). The Veliger 11(4): 406407, figs. 1-10,
1 table. (1 April)
1969c. Growth studies on Olivella biplicata (Sowerby,
1825) [Abstract]. In Proceedings of the Third
European Malacological Congress (Vienna, 4-6
Figure 3. Terebra stohleri Bratcher & Burch, 1970, holotype, 21.4
mm. From Living Terebras of the World. With the kind permission
of Twila Bratcher Critchlow.
September 1968). Malacologia 9(1): 290.
1986. Watch your language. The Festivus 18(5): 54.
(8 May)
1987. Common shell names. The Festivus 19(4): 36,
37. (9 April)
1964b. The biology of Tegula funebralis (A. Adams,
1855). Abbott, D. P., L. R. Blinks, J. H.
Phillips & R. Stohler, editors. The Veliger 6
(Supplement) pp. 1-82. (15 November)
Literature Cited
ANONYMOUS
1964. And, Dr. Rudolf Stohler. News of the Western
Association of Shell Clubs [San Diego Shell Club]
5(6): D22. (1 November)
1966a. Olivella dive. ibid. 7(3): D12. (1 May)
1966b. Olivella dive. ibid. 7(5): D16. (1 September)
1968a. Olivella dive. ibid. 9(1): P6. (1 January)
1968b. Olivella dive. ibid. 9(3): D16. (1 July)
BRATCHER, TWILA
1963. New ecological record? News of the Western
Association of Shell Clubs [San Diego Shell Club].
4(6): D22. (1 November)
BREWER, BLANCHE
1966a. Olivella dive. ibid. 6(7) [sic] 7(1): D53, 54. (1
January)
1966b. Olivelia dive. ibid. 7(6): D17. (1 November)
1968. Olivella dive. ibid. 9(4): D19, 20. (1 October)
BREWER, BLANCHE [editor]
1969. Activity report, ibid. 10(2): D2. (1 April)
CATE, JEAN M.
1964. Biographical sketch Rudolf Stohler. News of the
Western Association of Shell Clubs [Conchological
Club of Southern California] 5(1): S1-S3. (1
January)
1989. A personal history of The Veliger and the California
Malacozoological Society, Inc. The Veliger 32(2):
101-108, figs. 1, 2. (3 April)
DILWORTH, BILLEE (aka Billee Gerrodette)
1967. Olivella dive. News of die Western Association of
Shell Clubs [San Diego Shell Club] 8(5): D15. (1
September)
SMITH, R. I.
1983. Our thanks to Rudolf Stohler. The Veliger 26(1):2-
4, 2 figs. (1 July)
0L401
. F418
v. XX)
no. 8
AUj
2000
ill
10#
M THE FESTI
tW A publication of the San Diego
vus
Shell Club
ISSN 0738-9388
Volume: XXXII
August 10, 2000
Number: 8
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Linda Hutsell
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net
Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Meanderings in the Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve
Dr. Hans Bertsch will present an illustrated talk on regions of the Baja California peninsula — Punta
marine biology research in one of the most isolated Eugenia, Bahia Tortugas and the nearby Isla Cedros.
Meeting date: August 17, 2000
CONTENTS
Club news 110
New molluscan range extensions and an undescribed thyasirid from Isla San Marcos in the Golfo
de California, Mexico
Margaret Mulliner Ill
Addition and Correction Ill
Catalog of Recent and fossil Cypraeidae and Eocypraeinae (Ovulidae): 1994 through 1999
Lindsey T. Groves 116
Map for detaching
Page 110
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - July 20, 2000
President Mike Mason welcomed everyone and
called the meeting to order at 7:45 p.m. Guests for the
evening, Jeremy and Christine Hutsell, were welcomed.
The minutes of the June meeting were approved as
written in The Festivus.
Librarian Linda Hutsell said that the club purchased
a copy of the recently published, Chitons of the World.
It will be available for circulation at the next meeting.
The new bivalve book. Bivalve Seashells of Western
North America, is available for purchase for $99 plus
tax. A copy has been donated to the club by the authors
and the book will be reviewed in The Festivus. Paul
Valentich Scott will be the speaker at the October
meeting and will also sign his books.
Nancy Schneider is considering accepting the
position of Historian. The September Party, another
“Munchie Madness,” will again be at the Arnold's
house and garden on Saturday evening, September 16th.
[For further information, see map on last page of this
issue.]
Kim Hutsell introduced members Kay Klaus and
Mike Mason, who spoke to the group about their recent
trip to the Philippines. They visited three areas: Luzon,
Bohol, and Cebu. On their first day, they toured a cave
in Bohol. They also showed pictures of a very
interesting set of limestone mounds called the Chocolate
Hills.
Kay learned to dive during this trip to the
Philippines and showed some underwater pictures.
Mike said that Cebu and all of the Mactan Island area is
overpopulated. Dynamite fishing is done on a regular
basis, devastating entire areas. There were almost no
shells and no coral. Bohol was quite different. A guide
is required to dive there and certain areas were closed
to divers. Mike said that Cabalau was the best dive spot
that they went to. A discussion ensued about the
devastation of the natural habitats given the poor
conditions of the country's residents.
The winner of the shell drawing prize was Bill
Romer. The meeting was adjourned at 8:55 p.m.
Silvana Vollero
A Generous Donation to the Club
Member Gladys Weber of Modesto, California,
has donated some fine books and several boxes of
shells to the Club. The shells will make their way into
the next Club auction and any of the books not already
in the Club’s library will be placed there and the rest
sold, with the proceeds to be used to purchase new
books for the library.
The Club is indebted to Gladys for her generous
donation.
Additional Plastic Boxes Donated to the Club
Two additional cartons of used plastic boxes and
one box of new plastic boxes have been donated to the
Club by Ursula and Don Shasky. The new boxes will
be available for sale along with the others they
donated. The used boxes will be set out at meetings,
free to those who can use them.
The Club’s thanks to the Shasky s, once again, for
this useful donation.
A New Book for the Club Library
A copy of Bivalve Seashells of Western North
America Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska
to Baja California will be available for circulation in
the Club library at the August meeting.
The book was kindly donated to the Club by
authors, Eugene V. Coan and Paul Valentich Scott. A
review of the volume will appear in the September
issue of The Festivus.
The Western Society of Malacologists — 2001
The next annual meeting of the Western Society of
Malacologists (WSM) in 2001 will be held here in San
Diego from 27 to 30 June 2001.
President Hans Bertsch has already reserved a
convenient meeting site at the Ramada Inn and
Conference Center in Kearny Mesa.
This will be a fine opportunity for Club members
to participate in this conference. Stay tuned.
Vol. XXXII(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 1 1 1
NEW MOLLUSCAN RANGE EXTENSIONS AND AN
UNDESCRIBED THYASIRID FROM ISLA SAN MARCOS
IN THE GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
MARGARET MULLINER
5283 Vickie Drive San Diego, CA 92109, USA
E-mail: mullinerl@juno.com
In October 1999 my husband and I went on our
annual dredging trip to Baja California and found a new
area, Isla San Marcos, 15 km south of Santa Rosalia,
Baja California Sur, Mexico. We camped at the San
Lucas RV Park, spending about 20 days dredging off
the west side of Isla San Marcos.
The following list is of the 15 range extensions of
molluscan species and one undescribed species that we
dredged in 20-50 m, on sand and broken shell/rubble
bottom. The specimens are all in the Mulliner
collection.
The taxonomic arrangement is by Keen (1971) as
modified by Vaught (1989) and Skoglund (1991,1992).
Numbers from Keen (1971) are used where possible.
Identification of material was confirmed by Carol
Skoglund of Phoenix, Arizona. All material was
collected dead. Number of specimens and previously
published distributional records for each species are
included.
I wish to thank Eugene Coan, Kim Hutsell, Paul
Valentich Scott and Carol Skoglund, for help in
identifying the species, Dave Mulliner for photography
and Carole Hertz for help in setting up the paper.
LITERATURE CITED
BERNARD, FRANK R.
1976. Living Chamidae of the eastern Pacific (Bivalvia:
Heterodonta). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
Contributions in Science 278: 1-43, figs. 1-12.
BERNARD, FRANK R„ S. M. McfONNELL & G. S. JAMIESON
1991. Distribution and zoogeography of the Bivalvia of the
eastern Pacific Ocean. Canadian Special Publication of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 112, 60 pp., figs. 1-29.
BRATCHER, TWILA & R. D. BURCH
1971. The Terebridae (Gastropoda) of Clari6n, Socorro,
Cocos and Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences 37(21): 537-566, figs.
1-33.
BRATCHER, TWILA & WALTER O. CERNOHORSKY
1987. Living Terebras of the World. A Monograph of the
Recent Terebridae of the World. American
Malacologists, Inc. 240 pp., 68 pis.
COAN, EUGENE V. & PAUL H. SCOTT
1997. Checklist of the marine bivalves of the northeastern
Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History Contributions in Science 1: 1-28, 12 figs.
COSEL, RUDO VON
1984. Moluscos marinos de la Isla de Gorgona (costa
del Pacifico Colombiano). Anales del Instituto de
Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin 14: 175-257,
figs. 1-42.
DuSHANE, HELEN,
1962. A checklist of moll us ks for Puertecitos, Baja California,
Mexico. The Veliger 5(1): 39-50.
DuSHANE, HELEN & ELLEN BRENNAN
1969. A preliminary survey of mollusks for Consag rock and
adjacent areas. Gulf of California, Mexico. The Veliger
11(4): 351-363, 1 map.
DuSHANE, HELEN & ROY POORMAN
1967. A checklist of mollusks for Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
The Veliger 9(4): 413-441.
FINET, YVES
1985. Preliminary faunal list of the marine mollusks of the
Galapagos Islands. Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique. Documents de Travail 20: 50
pp.
HERTZ, CAROLE M„ JOYCE GEMMELL & BARBARA W.
MYERS.
2000. Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the San Felipe
area, Baja California, Mexico, in the Gemmell
Collection. The Festivus 32(6): 81-96, figs. 1-42.
HOAGLAND, ELAINE K.
1977. Systematic review of fossil and Recent Crepidula and
discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae.
Malacologia 16(2): 353-420, figs. 1-28.
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Second edition.
Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA i-xiv +1064
pp., 22 color pis., ca 4000 text figs.
KEEN, A. MYRA & EUGENE V. COAN
Page 112
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(8): 2000
1975. "Sea Shells of Tropical West America": additions and
corrections to 1975. The Western Society of
Malacologists Occasional Paper 1, 66 pp.
MONTOYA, MICHEL & KIRSTIE L. KAISER
1988. Biogeographical notes on the genus Terebra
(Gastropoda: Terebridae) at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Revista de Biologia Tropical 36(2B): 569-574, figs. 1-13.
PONDER, WINSTON
1983. A revision of the Recent Xenophoridae of the world
and of the Australian fossil species (Mollusca:
Gastropoda). Australian Museum Memoirs 17: 126
pp., figs. 1-42.
POORMAN, FORREST L. & LEROY H. POORMAN
1988. A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos
rectangle, Sonora, Mexico, collected by Forrest L. and
Leroy H. Poorman from December 1953 to December
1983. The Festivus 20(6): 47-63, 1 map.
SKOGLUND, CAROL
1974. Intertidal marine Mollusca of Cape Tepoca, Sonora,
Mexico. Unpublished Master of Science Thesis,
Arizona State University, 17 pp.
1990a. Panamic Province molluscan range extensions from
Bahia Cocos, Costa Rica. The Festivus 22(9): 100.
1990b. Molluscan range extensions to Playas de Villamil,
Guayas, Ecuador. The Festivus 22(11): 119-121.
1991a. Additions to the Panamic Province bivalve (Mollusca)
literature 1971 to 1990. The Festivus 22 (supplement
2). 74 pp.
1991b. Panamic range extensions for Drillia (Gastropoda:
Turridae). The Festivus 23(6): 47.
1992. Additions to the Panamic Province gastropod
(Mollusca) literature 1971 to 1992. The Festivus 24
(supplement). 169 pp.
VAUGHT, KATHERINE C.
1989. A Classification of the Living Mollusca. American
Malacologists, Inc. Melbourne, Florida. 195 pp.
Keen No. Species and Remarks
BIVALVIA
117 Tucetona strigilata (Sowerby, 1833), 1
specimen, previously known from Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico, to Ecuador (Keen, 1971); Isla
del Coco, Costa Rica (Bernard, McKinnell &
Jamieson, 1991). This brings the range across
the Gulf (Figure 1).
301 Thyasira sp., 11 valves. Undescribed (pers.
com., Valentich Scott, June 2000) (Figure 2).
310 Amerycina cultrata Keen, 1971, 1 specimen,
previously known from Isla Partida, Isla
Espiritu Santo, near La Paz, Baja California Sur
(Keen, 1971); north to Guaymas, Sonora,
Mexico (Keen & Coan, 1975) (Figure 3).
Figure 1. Tucetona strigilata (Sowerby, 1833), 29.9 mm. Photo: D.K
Mulliner.
Figure 2. Thyasira species undescribed, 10.1 mm. Photo. D. K.
Mulliner.
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 113
Figure 3. Amerycina cultrata Keen, 1971, 14.6 mm. Photo: D. K.
Mulliner.
353 Arcinella calif omica (Dali, 1903), 2 top valves,
previously known from Isla Cedros, Baja
California to Panama (Keen, 1971); into the
Golfo de California at Bahia San Carlos,
Sonora, Mexico (DuShane & Poorman, 1967);
south to Colombia (Bernard, 1976). This brings
the range across the Golfo de California.
Figure 4. Niso interrupta (Sowerby, 1834), 29.5 mm. Photo: D. K.
Mulliner.
614 Solecurtus guaymasensis Lowe, 1935, 13 valves
+ 1 specimen, previously known from Bahia
San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico (DuShane &
Poorman, 1967); off Isla Cedros, Baja
California, to Golfo de Chiriqui, Panama (Keen,
1971); Islas Galapagos, Ecuador (Finet, 1985);
to southern California (Coan & Scott, 1997).
This brings the range across the Golfo de
California.
GASTROPODA
750 Niso interrupta (Sowerby, 1834), 10 specimens,
previously known from Isla San Pedro Martir,
off Sonora, Mexico, to Guayaquil, Ecuador
(Keen, 1971). This brings the range across the
Golfo de California (Figure 4).
814 Crepidula onyx Sowerby, 1824, 1 specimen,
previously known from Southern California to
Chile (Keen, 1971); San Pedro, California, to
Costa Rica and possibly Panama (Hoagland,
1977); Isla Gorgona, Colombia (Cosel, 1984);
Islas Galapagos, Ecuador (Finet, 1985). This is
the first published report of the species in the
Golfo de California.
837 Xenophora conchyliophora (Bom, 1780), 1
specimen, previously known from Guaymas,
Sonora, to La Paz, Baja California Sur, Golfo
de Tehuantepec, Mexico (Keen, 1971); Puerto
Penasco to Golfo de Panama (Ponder, 1983);
Guayas Province, Ecuador (Skoglund, 1990b).
This is the first report of the species north of La
Paz on the Baja side of the Golfo de California.
Page 114
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(8): 2000
1522 Terebra armillata Hinds, 1844, 13 specimens,
previously known from Puertecitos (DuShane,
1962); Bahia Santa Maria, Baja California,
Mexico, to Peru (Keen, 1971); Islas Galapagos,
Ecuador (Bratcher & Burch, 1971); Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica (Montoya & Kaiser, 1988).
This is the first report of the species on the Baja
side of the southern Golfo de California.
Terebra guayaquilensis E. A. Smith, 1880,
[Keen #1535, left figure], 9 specimens,
previously known from Roc a Consag [as T. ira
Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932] (DuShane & Brennan,
1969); west coast of Baja California, Mexico,
to Ecuador (Bratcher & Cemohorsky, 1987);
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (Montoya & Kaiser,
1988); Islas Galapagos, Ecuador (Finet, 1985).
This is the first report of the species in the
southern Golfo de California on the Baja
California side.
Figure 5. Terebra variegata Gray, 1834, 37.9 mm. Photo: D. K.
Mulliner.
Figure 6. Diptychophlia occaia (Hinds, 1843), 9.9 mm. Photo: D. K.
Mulliner.
1571 Terebra variegata Gray, 1834, 11 specimens,
previously known from Puertecitos (DuShane,
1962); Bahia Santa Maria, Baja California Sur,
Mexico, Islas Galapagos (Bratcher &
Cemohorsky, 1987); Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Montoya & Kaiser, 1988). This is the first
report of the species on the Baja side of the
southern Golfo de California (Figure 5).
1579 Calliclava alcmene Dali, 1919), 1 specimen,
previously known from the northern Golfo de
California at Isla Tiburon to Isla Espiritu Santo
in the south (Keen, 1971). This brings the range
north from Espiritu Santo on the Baja side of the
Golfo de California.
1627 Drillia salvadorica (Hertlein & Strong, 1851),
2 specimens, previously known from the
northern Golfo de California at Isla Tiburon to
Vol. XXXH(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 115
La Libertad, El Salvador (Keen, 1971); off
Golfito, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica
(Skoglund, 1991b). This brings the range across
the Golfo de California to off Isla San Marcos.
1655 Cochlespira cedonulli (Reeve, 1843), 1
specimen, previously known from the northern
Golfo de California at Isla Tiburon, to Puerto
Utria, Colombia (Keen, 1971). This brings the
range across the Golfo de California to off Isla
San Marcos.
1702 Crassispira xanti Hertlein & Strong, 1951,
2 specimens, previously known from Agua
Chale (San Felipe area) (Hertz, Gemmell &
Myers, 2000); Punta Lobos, Sonora, Mexico to
Santa Elena Bay, Ecuador (Keen, 1971). This
brings the range south on the Baja side of the
Golfo de California.
1773 Diptychophlia occata (Hinds, 1843), 1
specimen, previously known from Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico to Puerto Utria, Colombia
(Keen, 1971). The brings the range across the
Golfo de California to Baja California
(Figure 6).
ADDITION AND CORRECTION
Addition: Thanks to a note from Lindsey Groves of the Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, we
learned of an additional genus and species named for the late Rudolf Stohler which should be included in C.M. Hertz
(2000) [The Festivus 32(7): 105-107] — a valid species of ovulid, Stohleroma stohleri Cate, 1973.
Correction: It has just been brought to our attention that in Skoglund (2000) [Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby,
1847 ... in the Panamic Province, with notes on the occurrence of Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 [The
Festivus 32(1): 3-7, pi. 1 & figs. 1-3)], there is a reversal of photographs. On Page 5, Figure 3 is the Roca Partida
specimen and Figure 2 is the Isla Jicarita specimen. We apologize to the author and thank Kirstie Kaiser for notifying
us of the error.
Page 116
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(8):2000
CATALOG OF RECENT AND FOSSIL CYPRAEIDAE AND
EOCYPRAEINAE (OVULIDAE): 1994 through 1999
LINDSEY T. GROVES
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Malacology & Invertebrate Paleontology Sections
900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
lgroves@nhm.org
INTRODUCTION
Groves (1994a) published a lengthy catalog of
cypraeid and eocypraeid taxa described subsequent to
Schilder & Schilder (1971). Herein is a list of taxa
described since Groves (1994a), those inadvertently
omitted, and additional information received and/or
determined after publication. Four taxa described prior
to 1971 that were not included in Schilder & Schilder
(1971) are also included. Names introduced without
descriptions are not included.
Seventy-six taxa of cypraeids and eocypraeids are
treated herein, of which 28 are Recent taxa and 48 are
fossil taxa. Of the Recent taxa 23 were described as
new, two were not included in Groves (1994a), and
three are updated. Of the fossil taxa 42 are described as
new, four were not included in Groves (1994a), and two
are updated. Taxonomic allocations listed in the
Remarks sections, unless cited otherwise, represent the
opinion of the author.
ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used herein for
locality and/or type numbers.
AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New
York, NY, USA.
FAU = Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton,
Florida, USA.
GMANH = Graves Museum of Archaeology and
Natural History, Dania, Florida, USA.
HNC = Haus der Natur, Cismar, Germany.
HUJ = Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
IO = Institute of Oceanology, Academica Sinica,
Qingdao, China.
KB IN = Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor
Naturuwetenschappen, Brussels, Belgium.
LACMIP = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County, Invertebrate Paleontology Section, Los
Angeles, California, USA.
MFM = Mizunami Fossil Museum, Mizunami, Gifu
Prefecture, Japan.
MNHN = Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, France.
MUG = Miyagi University of Education, Department
of Geology, Sendai, Japan.
NSMT = National Science Museum Tokyo, Japan.
NHB = Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland.
PRI = Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca,
New York, USA.
SBMNH = Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
Santa Barbara, California, USA.
SMF = Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany.
UCMP = University of California, Museum of
Paleontology, Berkeley, USA.
UF = Florida Museum of Natural History, University
of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA.
USNM = National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many thanks to all who contributed to this project.
Jiri Zidek, editor of the now defunct The Cowry new
series (New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral
Resources, Socorro, New Mexico) suggested the
original catalog (Groves, 1994a) and subsequent
updates. Andre Delsaerdt (Aarschot, Belgium), Dirk
Fehse (Berlin, Germany), Richard Goldberg (Columbia,
Maryland), Felix Lorenz (GieBen, Germany), Eduard
L. Heiman (Rehovot, Israel), Hitoshi Ikeda (Kanagawa,
Japan), Luc Notelteirs (Belgium), Werner Massier
Vol. XXXII(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 117
(Cape Town, South Africa), Ed Petuch (FAU), and
Susumu Tomida (Tokyo, Japan) provided reprints and /
or pertinent papers. Richard E. Petit (North Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina) provided pertinent pages of an
extremely obscure reference [Tessier, 1952]. James H.
McLean (LACM, Malacology) reviewed the original
manuscript.
RECENT TAXA
Family Cypraeidae
albanyensis [Zoila (Zoila) marginata] Raybaudi,
[1985:9, fig. 7A], 1994b:21-23, figs. 103-109. King
George Sound, Albany, Western Australia. Holotype
presumably in the collection of L. Raybaudi Massilia,
Rome, Italy; 1 paratype in the Tokyo Institute of
Malacology, Tokyo, Japan.
Remarks: Groves (1994a) considered the following
subspecific taxa of the Zoila marginata "group" to be
synonymous with the nominal species: Z. marginata
albanyensis Raybaudi, 1994b; Z. m. ketyana Raybaudi,
1978; and Z. m. raybaudii Lorenz, 1992. However, the
recent works of Biraghi (1993; 1994), Raybaudi (1993a-
c; 1994a-c), Lorenz (1992), Lorenz & Hubert (1993),
and Wilson (1993) clearly demonstrate that there are at
least four distinct subspecies within the group. Zoila
marginata consueta Biraghi, 1993 is considered to be a
junior synonym of Z. marginata s.s. (Wilson, 1993).
Raybaudi (1985) originally introduced the
subspecific name Z. marginata albanyensis in a price
list without a valid description, designation of type
material and/or type locality, and without comparison to
similar species. In 1994b he officially described the
subspecies and designated type material and type
locality.
alfrediana [Cypraeovula-Luponia amphithales ]
Raybaudi, 1994d: 12-13, figs. 10-14. Presumably from
off Port Alfred, Cape Prov., South Africa but not
designated. Type material not designated.
Remarks: Apparent hybrid of Cypraeovula capensis
(Gray, 1828) and C. alfredensis Schilder & Schilder,
1929). This name is invalidated as per ICZN, Article
1(b) (3), which states that hybrids are excluded from the
provisions of the code. Therefore, this taxon is
considered a junior synonym of C. amphithales
(Melvill, 1888).
androyensis [ Palmadusta ] Blocher & Lorenz, 1999:13-
14, fig. 1, pi. 3, figs. 1-3. Between deltas of Mandrare
and Manambovo Rivers, southwest of Fort Dauphin,
southern Madagascar. Holotype HNC 52872, 1 paratype
HNC 52873, 2 paratypes in the collection of M.
Blocher, Duisburg, Germany, 1 paratype in the
collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen, Germany.
bealsi [ Erronea ] Mock, 1996:63-66, figs. 1-6. In fish
trap from 220-260 m off Talikud Id. [= Talicod Id.],
Davao Gulf, Davao Province, Mindanao Id. , Philippines
(approx. 6°89'N, 125°69'E). Holotype SBMNH
143416, 1 paratype SBMNH 143417, 1 paratype in
collection of M. Beals (Inglewood, California).
Remarks: Probably a deep water form of E.
hungerfordi (Sowerby, 1888).
clavicola [Bistolida stolida ] Lorenz, 1998:56-58, figs.
73 [radula], 74 [right fig.], pi. 26, figs. 1-6. Off
Nungwi village, northern Zanzibar, Tanzania. Holotype
HNC 48715, 3 paratypes HNC 48716-48718, 7
paratypes in collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen, Germany.
Remarks: Possibly a junior synonym of B. stolida
(Linne, 1758).
delicatura [Zoila] Chandler & DuRoss, 1997:65, 15
unnumbered figs. Off the northwest shelf of Western
Australia, near the Monte Bello Islands. Holotype in
Western Australian Museum, Perth.
Remarks: Probably a junior synonym of Z. eludens
Raybaudi, 1991.
donghaiensis [Erronea (Adusta)] Ma, 1997:78-79, 260-
261, pi. 6, fig. 3. In 90-100 m depth, northeast of
Okinawa, East China Sea (27°50'N, 126°00'E).
Holotype IO M37330.
Remarks: Junior synonym of E. (A.) hungerfordi
(Sowerby, 1888).
ganteri [Cribrarula cribraria ] Lorenz, 1997:1-2, pi. 1,
figs. 1-7. Beach at Mount Lavinia, 10 km south of
Colombo, Sri Lanka. Holotype HNC 44662, 7
paratypes in collection F. Lorenz, GieBen, Germany.
Remarks: Possibly a junior synonym of C. cribrarula
(Linne, 1758).
gonubiensis [Cypraeovula capensis ] Massier, 1993:21-
26, fig. 1 (left fig.) [radula], pi. 5, figs. 1-7, 13.
Gonubie, northeast of London, Cape Province, South
Africa. Holotype HNC 30807, 1 paratype HNC 30809,
2 paratypes in the collection of W. Massier, Margate,
Page 118
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXD(8): 2000
Natal, South Africa, and 1 paratype in the collection of
F. Lorenz, GieBen, Germany.
Remarks: Possibly a junior synonym of Cypraeovula
capensis (Gray, 1828). Treated as a form by Lorenz &
Hubert, 1993.
Hiraseadusta Shikama, 1971:103. Type species:
Cypraea hirasei Roberts, 1913.
Remarks: Subjective synonym of Nesiocypraea Azuma
& Kuroda, 1967.
iutsuina [Cypraeovula-Crossia amphithales] Raybaudi,
1995c:70-72, figs. 13-17. Presumably from deep water
off Algoa Bay /Port Alfred, Cape Prov., South Africa.
Holotype in the collection of L. Raybaudi Massilia,
Rome, Italy.
Remarks: Apparent hybrid of Cypraeovula (Crossia)
iutsui Shikama, 1974 and C. capensis (Gray, 1828).
This taxon is considered a junior synonym of C. iutsui
Shikama, 1974 (see ICZN note on p. 117).
jandeprezi [Pustularia] Poppe & Martin, 1997:81-88,
pi. 1, figs 1-5. South of Borongan, Samar, the
Philippines. Holotype MNHN, 1 paratype KB IN,
Brussels, Belgium, 1 paratype AMNH, 4 paratypes in
collection of G. Poppe, Berchem, Belgium, 1 paratype
in collection P. Martin, Brussels, Belgium, and 4
paratypes in the collection of J. Deprez, Belgium.
Remarks: Junior synonym of P. bistrinotata Schilder
& Schilder, 1937.
ketyana [Cypraea (Zoila) marginata ] Raybaudi, 1978.
Remarks: A valid subspecies of Z. marginata (Gaskoin,
1849) (see albanyensis, [Z. marginata ]). See Groves
(1994a) for type material, type locality and original
citation.
Kurodadusta Shikama, 1971:103. Type species:
Erronea (Zoila?) teramachii Kuroda, 1938.
Remarks: Subjective synonym of Nesiocypraea Azuma
& Kuroda, 1967.
levissima [Crossia iutsui ] Raybaudi Massilia 1995a:29,
fig. 15. In 300-380 m depth, off Hondeklipbaai, Cape
Province, South Africa. Type material presumably in
the collection of L. Raybaudi Massilia, Rome, Italy.
Remarks: Regarded as a junior synonym of
Cypraeovula (Crossia) iutsui (Shikama, 1974).
lobettiana [Zoila (Zoila)] Raybaudi, 1995b: 15-17, 10
unnumbered figs, on p. 16-17. From 200 m, Great
Australian Bight, South Australia. Holotype in the
collection of F. Lobetti Bodoni, Italy, 1 paratype in
the collection of L. Raybaudi Massilia, Rome, Italy.
Remarks: Regarded as a deep-water junior synonym of
Z. rosselli Cotton, 1948.
merguina [Mauritia arabica] Lorenz & Huber, 1993:47-
50, pi. 9, figs. 1-8. Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar (=
Burma). Holotype HNC 31642, 1 paratype HNC, 3
paratypes in the collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen,
Germany, 3 paratypes in the collection of F. Huber,
Schwanestadt, Germany.
omii [Notadusta] Ikeda, 1998:263-266, fig. 2 [radula],
pi. 1, figs, la-lc. In 100-120 m depth, off
Tosashimizu, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan
(32°46'N, 132°57'E). Holotype NSMT Mo-71297,
paratype NSMT Mo-71298.
oryzaeformis [ Purpuradusta ] Lorenz & Sterba, 1999:3-
6, figs. 5 (radula), 8, pi. 1, figs. 1-3. Raroia, Tuamotu,
French Polynesia. Holotype HNC 44694, 1 paratype
HNC 44695, 8 paratypes in the collection of F.
Lorenz, GieBen, Germany, 1 paratype in the collection
of G. Sterba, Markkleeberg, Germany.
pellisserpentis [ Cribrarula ] Lorenz, 1999b: 37-3 8, pi. 7,
figs. 1-3. 15 to 35 m from an area south of Tulear to
Fort Dauphin, southern, Madagascar. Holotype HNC
52874, 1 paratype in the collection of M. Chiapponi,
Lecco, Italy, 1 paratype in the collection of M. Blocher,
Duisberg, Germany, 1 paratype in the collection of J.
van Heesvelde, Gent, Belgium, 1 paratype in the
collection of L. Gabrielli, Neuss, Germany.
perdentata [Cypraeovula-Luponia amphithales ]
Raybaudi, 1995c:68-70, figs. 5-8. Presumably from
deep water off Algoa Bay /Port Alfred, Cape Prov.,
South Africa. Holotype in the collection of Dr.
Stimpson, USA.
Remarks: Apparent hybrid of Cypraeovula fuscodentata
(Gray, 1825) and C. capensis (Gray, 1828). This taxon
is considered a junior synonym of C. fuscodentata
(Gray, 1825) (see ICZN note on p. 117).
pseudolutea [Palmadusta (Palmadusta)] Ma, 1997:96,
261, pi. 6, fig. 5. Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
Holotype IO M36886.
Remarks: Junior synonym of P. (P.) saulae (Gaskoin,
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 119
1843).
raybaudii [Zoila marginata ] Lorenz, 1992.
Remarks: A valid subspecies of Z. marginata (Gaskoin,
1849) (see albanyensis [Zoila marginata ]). See Groves
(1994a) for type material, type locality and original
citation.
sanfrancisca [Cypraeovula algoensis] Chiapponi,
1999:41-42, figs. 1-2. Near Cape St. Francis, Cape
Prov., South Africa. Holotype HNC 52875, 3 paratypes
in collection of M. Chiapponi, Malgrate, Italy, 2
paratypes in collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen, Germany.
Remarks: Possibly a junior synonym of C. algoensis.
sharmiensis [Lyncina Camelopardalis ] Heiman &
Mienis, 1999:41-42, figs. 3-8. Ras Nasrani, near
Sharm-el Sheikh, northeastern Red Sea, Egypt.
Holotype HUJ 31867, paratype HUJ 39164, 3 paratypes
in the collection of E. Heiman, Rehovot, Israel.
Remarks: Junior synonym of L. Camelopardalis (Perry,
1811).
sinensis [Erosaria (Erosaria)] Ma, 1997:44-45 , 259-
260, pi. 6, fig. 1. Chaoyang Guangdong Prov., China.
Holotype 10 M37222.
Remarks: Junior synonym of E. (E.) erosa (Linne,
1758).
sublitorea [Erosaria] Lorenz, 1997:11-13, fig. 2, pi. 5,
figs. 5, 10. Viasala, Savai'i, Western Samoa. Holotype
HNC 44663, 33 paratypes in collection of F. Lorenz,
GieBen, Germany.
Remarks: Junior synonym of E. annulus (Linne, 1758).
tenuidon [Lyncina leucodon ] Lorenz, 1999a: 16-17, pi.
4, figs. 1-2. 200 m, southern Andaman Sea. Holotype
HNC 52871, 1 paratype in collection of M. Chiapponi,
Lecco, Italy, 1 paratype in collection of L. Gabrielli,
Neuss, Germany.
Remarks: Junior synonym of L. leucodon (Broderip,
1832).
FOSSIL TAXA
Family Cypraeidae
Akleistostoma Gardner, 1948:213-214. Type species:
Cypraea carolinensis Conrad, 1841.
Remarks: Proposed by Gardner (1948) as a section
within the genus and subgenus Cypraea (Cypraeorbis)
and elevated to subgeneric status by Petuch (1998).
alligator [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:266, pi. 30, figs.
A-B. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 8), Tamiami Formation. APAC pit,
Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF
66225.
Remarks: Assigned to the subgenus Akleistostoma by
Petuch (1998).
briani [ Calusacypraea ] Petuch, 1996:18-20, figs. 1-2.
Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit
7), Tamiami Formation. Phase 7 pit. Quality
Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida.
Holotype UF 68248, 2 paratypes in GMANH, 3
paratypes in collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
Remarks: Assigned to the genus/subgenus
Siphocypraea (Calusacypraea) by Petuch (1998).
bulbus [ Cypraeorbis ] Garvie, 1996:56-57, pi. 13, figs.
5-6. Early Eocene [lower Claibomian (= early
Ypresian)], Marquez Member, Reklaw Formation. Joe
Taylor Branch of Two Mile Creek Creek, NE of Gause,
Milam County, Texas. Holotype PRI 30371, 1 paratype
PRI 30372.
Calusacypraea Petuch, 1996:17-18. Type species:
Calusacypraea duerri Petuch, 1996.
Remarks: Originally proposed as full genus and later
redesignated by Petuch (1998) to subgenus of
Siphocypraea.
cannoni [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:266-267, pi. 27,
figs. A-B, I. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), uppermost
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 3), Tamiami Formation.
Phase 6 pit. Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota,
Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF 66221.
cathyae [Zonaria (Pseudozonaria)] Groves, 1997:154,
pi. 1, figs. 9-10. Early Pliocene, Esmeraldas beds,
Onzole Formation. Quebrada Camarones, Esmeraldas
Province, Ecuador [LACMIP loc. 16944]. Holotype
LACMIP 12433.
chathamensis [Bemaya] Cemohorsky, 1971.
Remarks: Cemohorsky (1994) reported that the original
label accompanying the holotype of Bemaya
chathamensis incorrectly dated the specimen as from
early Pliocene deposits. It was not realized until recently
Page 120
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
that most of the marine Tertiary sequence of the
Chatham Islands was of Paleocene to early Eocene age.
The aperture of the holotype of B. chathamensis is filled
with Red Bluff Tuff matrix which is of early Eocene
(Waipawan) age (Beu & Maxwell, 1990). See Groves
(1994a) for type material, type locality and original
citation.
cowlitziana [ Nucleolaria ] Groves, 1994b: 247-248, figs.
6-7. Middle to upper Eocene ("Tejon Stage") Cowlitz
Formation. East of Vader, Lewis County, Washington
[UCMP loc. D-8040] . Holotype UCMP 39837.
crocodila [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:267, pi. 30,
figs. J-K. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), lowermost
Pinecrest beds fauna (Petuch unit 10), Tamiami
Formation. Phase 6 pit, Quality Aggregates, Inc.,
Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF
66228.
Remarks: Assigned to the subgenus Akleistostoma by
Petuch (1998).
diegelae [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:267-268, pi. 32,
figs. J-K. Pliocene, Kissimmee beds Tamiami
Formation. Kissimmee River dredgings at Okeetantie,
Okeechobee, Okeechobee County, Florida. Holotype
UF 66232.
Remarks: Assigned to the sub genus Akleistostoma by
Petuch (1998).
dimasi [Siphocypraea (Siphocypraea)] Petuch, 1998:33-
34, figs. 19-20. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest
beds (Petuch unit 3), Tamiami Formation. Florida Rock
Industries, Inc., Naples Quarry (= Mule Pen Quarry),
Naples, Collier County, Florida. Holotype UF 84987,
1 paratype GMANH, 2 paratypes in collection of E.
Petuch (FAU).
duerri [Calusacypraea] Petuch, 1996:20, figs. 3-4, 10.
Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit
10), Tamiami Formation. Phase 6 pit. Quality
Aggregates Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida.
Holotype UF 68249, 3 paratypes in GMANH, 3
paratypes in collection of E. Petuch (FAU), 1 paratype
in collection of R. Duerr, Hollywood, Florida.
Remarks: Assigned to the genus/subgenus
Siphocypraea (Calusacypraea) by Petuch (1998).
emmakingae [Zonaria ( Zonaria )] Groves, 1994b: 246,
figs. 2-3. Lower to middle Miocene, Topanga Canyon
Formation. South side of Old Topanga Road, central
Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County,
California [LACMIP loc. 5136]. Holotype LACMIP
12277.
eniwetokensis [Jenneria (Projenneria)] Dolin, 1996
[1997]:22, 24, figs. 3a-c. Early Miocene (Aquitanian-
Burdigalian). Drill hole E-l, Parry Id., Eniwetok Atoll,
Ralik Chain, Marshall Ids. Holotype USNM 174971.
erici [Siphocypraea (Akleistostoma)] Petuch, 1998:28-
29, figs. 1-3. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian) Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 10), Tamiami Formation. Phase 6 pit.
Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota County,
Florida. Holotype UF 84981, 3 paratypes in GMANH,
3 paratypes in collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
Remarks: Possible subspecies of S. (A.) carolinensis
(Conrad, 1841).
furoni [Cypraea (Umbilia)] Tessier, 1952:380, pi. 35,
figs. 1-3, 7. Paleocene. Margot de Balling, Senegal.
Type material presumably in the Centre de
Documentation du Laboratoire de Paleontologie du
Museum, Marseille, France.
Remarks: This taxon was probably overlooked and/or
ignored because it was described in a published doctoral
dissertation. Not listed in Schilder & Schilder (1971).
Currently in the genus Bemaya.
goedertorum [Proadusta] Groves & Squires, 1995:114-
115, figs. 2-5. Middle lower Eocene ("Capay Stage"),
upper part of the Crescent Formation. Larch Mountain
area. Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington
[LACMIP loc. 16655]. Holotype LACMIP 12375, 1
paratype LACMIP 12376.
goettingi [Mauritia] Lorenz, 1999c:57-58, pi. 11.
Pliocene. Waso Hills, Tanzania. Holotype HNC53152,
1 paratype in the collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen,
Germany, 1 paratype in the collection of K. Gotting,
GieBen, Germany.
grovesi [Siphocypraea (Siphocypraea)] Petuch, 1998:34,
figs. 15-17. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 4), Tamiami Formation. Florida Rock
Industries, Inc., Naples Quarry (= Mule Pen Quarry),
Naples, Collier County, Florida. Holotype UF 84988,
2 paratypes GMANH, 2 paratypes in collection of E.
Petuch (FAU).
Vol. XXXH(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 121
henunenorum [ Zonaria ]. Lorenz & Groh, 1998:112, fig.
6 [holotype (left figs.), paratype (right figs)]. Middle
Miocene ("Vindobonian"). Northwest of Porto de Cais,
near Portinha, Ilheu de Cima, Porto Santo, Madeira
Archipelago. Holotype SMF 310 772, 1 paratype in the
collection of J. Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1
paratype in the collection of F. Lorenz, GieBen,
Germany.
itoigawai [Cypraea (Zoila)] Tomida, 1989:93,95, pi.
11, figs. 3a-c, 4a-b. Miocene/Pliocene, Senhata
Formation. East side of Okumotona Quarry, Kyonan-
cho, Awa-gim, Chiba Prefecture, Japan (35°9'20"N,
139°51'20"E). Holotype MFM 110104, paratype MFM
110105.
Remarks: Represented by poorly preserved internal
molds and should possibly be considered a nomen
dubium. It is unlikely that Zoila existed outside of
Australia and southeast Asia (T. Darragh, pers.
commun., 1999).
jacqueti [ Gisortia ] Tessier, 1952:378, pi. 34, figs. 2-3.
Lower middle Eocene (Lutetian). Daffe, Senegal. Type
material presumably in the Centre de Documentation du
Laboratoire de Paleontologie du Museum, Marseille,
France.
Remarks: This taxon was probably overlooked and/or
ignored because it was described in a published doctoral
dissertation. Not listed in Schilder & Schilder (1971).
jenniferae [Siphocypraea (Akleistostoma)] Petuch,
1998:29, figs. 4-6. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian),
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 4), Tamiami Formation.
APAC pit, Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida.
Holotype UF 84982, 1 paratype in GMANH, 2
paratypes in collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
josiai [ Siphocypraea ] Fehse, 1997:39, pi. 13, figs. 4a-
5. Lower Pliocene, Pinecrest beds. Clewiston, Hendry
County, Florida. Holotype HNC 44659, 1 paratype
HNC 44660, 6 paratypes in the collection of D.
Fehse, Berlin, Germany.
Remarks: Petuch (1998) states that this species is
actually from early Pleistocene (Calabrian),
Caloosahatche biozone (Petuch unit 1), Okeechoee
Formation.
kalafiiti [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:268, pi. 31, figs.
G-H, J. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), upper Pinecrest
beds (Petuch unit 4), Tamiami Formation. Phase 7 pit,
Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota County,
Florida. Holotype UF 6623 1 .
kelleyi [Siphocypraea (Calusacypraea)] Petuch,
1998:33, figs. 13-14. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian),
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 3), Tamiami Formation.
Phase 6 pit. Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota,
Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF 84986, 3
paratypes GMANH, 3 paratypes in collection E. Petuch
(FAU).
Remarks: Possible subspecies of S. (C.) briani Petuch,
1996.
kendrewi [ Cypraeorbis ] Petuch, 1997:129, figs. 22-23.
Early Oligocene (Latdorfian), Suwannee Formation.
Terramar Pit, Polk County, Florida. Holotype UF
75981, 1 paratype in the collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
ketteri [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:268-269, pi. 31,
figs. C-D, I. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 8), Tamiami Formation. APAC pit,
Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF
66229.
Remarks: Assigned to the subgenus Akleistostoma by
Petuch (1998).
kissimmeensis [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:269, pi. 29,
figs. G-H, L. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest
beds, Tamiami Formation. Kissimmee River dredgings,
Fort Basinger, Highlands County, Florida. Holotype UF
66224.
Remarks: Possible subspecies of S. transitoria Olsson
& Petit, 1964.
macbrideae [Siphocypraea (Akleistostoma )] Petuch,
1998:29, 32, figs. 9-10. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian),
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 4), Tamiami Formation.
APAC pit, Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida.
Holotype UF 84983, 2 paratypes in GMANH, 1
paratype in collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
mansfieldi [Siphocypraea (Akleistostoma)] Petuch,
1998:32, figs. 7-8. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian),
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 7), Tamiami Formation.
Phase 6 pit, Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota,
Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF 84984, 1
paratype in GMANH, 1 paratype in collection of E.
Petuch (FAU).
marilynae [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:269, pi. 30,
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXD(8): 2000
figs. H-I. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), uppermost
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 2), Tamiami Formation.
Phase 7 pit, Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota,
Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF 66227.
Remarks: Figured by Falconieri (1994) as
Siphocypraea robbieae Petuch, 1993, a manuscript
name.
metae [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:269-270, pi. 32,
figs. E-F. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 4, = "Black layer"), Tamiami Formation.
APAC pit, Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida.
Holotype UF 66230.
ohiroi [ Cypraea ] Masuda, 1967:6, pi. 1, figs. 28a-b,
29. Miocene, Higashi-Innai Formation. Noto Peninsula,
Ishikawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan [loc 30]. Holotype
MUG 4598, 1 paratype MUG 4599.
Remarks: Currently in the genus Lyncina. Not listed
in Schilder & Schilder (1971).
palmula [. Luria ]. Lorenz & Groh, 1998:110-111, fig. 4
[holotype]. Middle Miocene ("Helvetian"). "Pico de
Juliana auf Porto Santo b. Madeira. " Holotype NHB
17548.
parodizi [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:270, pi. 28, figs.
G-H, L. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), uppermost
Pinecrest beds (Petuch unit 3), Tamiami Formation.
Phase 6 pit, Quality Aggregates Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota
County, Florida. Holotype UF 66223.
Remarks: Possible subspecies of S. cannoni Petuch,
1994.
penningtonorum [ Siphocypraea ] Petuch, 1994:270, pi.
28, figs. E-F, J. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest
beds, Tamiami Formation. Kissimmee River dredgings,
Fort Basinger, Highlands County, Florida. Holotype UF
66222.
philemoni [ Siphocypraea ] Fehse, 1997:38, pi. 12, figs,
la-c, pi. 13, figs. 3, 6. Lower Pliocene, Pinecrest beds,
Tamiami Formation. Clewiston, Hendry County,
Florida. Holotype HNC 44657, 1 paratype NHC 44658,
9 paratypes in collection of D. Fehse, Berlin, Germany.
Remarks: Petuch (1998) states that this species is
actually from early Pleistocene (Calabrian), Upper
Caloosahatche biozone, Okeechoee Formation.
pittorum [Zonaria (Zonaria)] Groves, 1997:153-154, pi.
1, figs. 7-8. Lower Pliocene, Esmeraldas beds, Onzole
Formation. Camarones, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
[LACMIP loc. 16882], Holotype LACMIP 12432.
Projenneria Dolin, 1996 [1997] :22. Type species:
Cypraea ludoviciana Johnson, 1899.
pygodentata [Proadusta]. Lorenz & Groh, 1998:112-
113, fig. 7. Middle Miocene ("Helvetian"). Southeast
coast N Portinho, Dheu de Baixo, Porto Santo, Madeira
Archipelago. Holotype SMF 310 774, 1 paratype NHB
17547.
Remarks: Currently in the genus Propustularia.
rilkoi [ Siphocypraea (Akleistostoma)] Petuch, 1998:32-
33, figs. 11-12. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest
beds (Petuch Unit 3), Tamiami Formation. Phase 6 pit,
Quality Aggregates, Inc., Sarasota, Sarasota County,
Florida. Holotype UF 84985, 3 paratypes GMANH, 2
paratypes in collection of E. Petuch (FAU).
santoensis [Luria]. Lorenz & Groh, 1998:110, fig. 3.
Middle Miocene. Northwest of Porto do Cais,
southwest coast of Porto Santo, Dheu de Cima, Madeira
Archipelago. Holotype SMF 310 773.
sarasotaensis [Siphocypraea] Petuch, 1994:271, pi. 30,
figs. C-D. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds
(Petuch unit 6), Tamiami Formation. APAC pit,
Sarasota, Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF
66226.
Remarks: Assigned to the subgenus Calusacypraea by
Petuch (1998).
sorrira [Zonaria]. Lorenz & Groh, 1998:111, fig. 5.
Middle Miocene. Southeast coast No. Portinho, Dheu de
Baixo, Porto Santo, Madeira Archipelago. Holotype
SMF 310 771, 1 paratype in coDection of J. Hemmen,
Wiesbaden, Germany.
tequesta [Calusacypraea] Petuch, 1996: 20-21, figs. 7-
8. Late Pliocene (Piacenzian), Pinecrest beds (Petuch
unit 4), Tamiami Formation. APAC pit, Sarasota,
Sarasota County, Florida. Holotype UF 68250, 1
paratype in GMANH, 2 paratypes in collection of E.
Petuch, (FAU).
Remarks: Assigned to the genus/subgenus
Siphocypraea (Calusacypraea) by Petuch (1998).
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 123
Family Ovulidae, Subfamily Eocypraeinae
elongata [Eocypraea bartlettiana Maury var.] Tessier,
1952:379, pi. 32, figs. 25-26. Paleocene. Margiot de
Balling, Senegal. Type material presumably in the
Centre de Documentation du Laboratoire de
Paleontologie du Museum, Marseille, France.
Remarks: This taxon was probably overlooked and/or
ignored because it was described in a published doctoral
dissertation. Not listed in Schilder & Schilder (1971).
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GROVES, L.T. 1994b. New species of Cypraeidae (Mollusca:
Gastropoda) from the Miocene of California and the Eocene of
Washington. The Veliger 37(3):244-252, figs. 1-13.
GROVES, L.T. 1997. A review of cypraeiform gastropods from
Neogene strata of northwestern Ecuador with the description of two
new species. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 30(3): 147-
157, fig. 1, pi. 1.
GROVES, L.T. & R.L. SQUIRES. 1995. First report of the genus
Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the western
hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of
Washington. The Nautilus 109(1): 113-116, figs. 1-6.
HEIMAN, E. & H.K. MEENIS. 1999. Lyncina Camelopardalis
sharmiensis n.ssp. from the east coast of Sinai, Red Sea (Gastropoda:
Prosobranchia: Cypraeidae: Cypraeinae). La Conchiglia 30(290): 39-
42, 56, figs. 1-8.
IKEDA, H. 1998. Notadusta omii , a new cowry (Gastropoda:
Cypraeidae), from Japan with a review of Notadusta katsuae and N.
musumea. Venus 57(4):259-269, figs. 1-3, pi. 1.
LORENZ, F., Jr. 1992. A new subspecies of Zoila marginata
(Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur Malakozoologie 5:13-18, fig.
1, pis. 4-5.
LORENZ, F., Jr. 1997. A new subspecies of Cribrarula cribraria
from Sri Lanka (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 10:1-3, pi. 1.
LORENZ, F., Jr. 1997. Eine neue, der ringkauri Erosaria annulus
morphologisch ahnliche art von West Samoa. Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 10:11-14, figs. 1-2, pi. 5.
LORENZ, F. 1998. Kauris von Ostaffika. Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 11:1-150, figs. 1-121, pis. 1-26.
LORENZ, F. 1999a. A western subspecies of Lyncina leucodon
(Broderip, 1832) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 13:16-18, pi. 4.
LORENZ, F. 1999b. Another new species of Cypraeidae from
Madagascar (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 13:37-40, pi. 8.
LORENZ, F. 1999c. Eine Pliozane Mauritia aus Tansania
(Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur Malakozoologie 13:57-59,
pi. 11.
LORENZ, F. Jr. & K. GROH. 1998. Five new species of Cypraeidae
from the middle Miocene ("Vindobonian") of Porto Santa, Madeira
Archipelago. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 127(1/2): 107-1 14, figs. 1-
7.
LORENZ, F., Jr. & F. HUBER. 1993: A new subspecies of
Mauritia arabica from Birma [sic] (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae).
Schriften zur Malakozoologie 6:47-50, fig. 1, pi. 9.
LORENZ, F„ Jr. & A. HUBERT, 1993. A Guide to Worldwide
Cowries. Verlag Christa Hemmen: Wiesbaden, Germany. 571 p., 53
figs. + numerous unnumbered figs., 122 pis.
LORENZ, F. & G. STERBA. 1999. Purpuradusta oryzaeformis
sp.nov. (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae): An overlooked species
in the family Cypraeidae. Schriften zur Malakozoologie 13:3-8, figs.
1-9, pi. 1.
MA, X. 1997. Fauna Sinica: Superfamily Cypraeacea. Science Press:
Beijing, China, viii + 283 p., 96 figs., 12 pis.
MASSIER, W. 1993. Description of a new subspecies of Cypraeovula
capensis (Gray, 1828) (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Schriften zur
Malakozoologie 6:21-26, fig. 1, pi. 5.
MASUDA, K. 1967. Molluscan fauna of the Higashi-Innai Formation
of Noto Peninsula, Japan-Ill; Description of new species and remarks
on some species. Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan (N.S.) 65:1-18, pis. 1-2.
MOCK, D.K.S. 19%. A new species of Erronea from the Filippine.
World Shells 18:63-66, figs. 1-10.
PETUCH, E.J. 1994. Atlas of Florida Fossil Shells. The Graves
Museum of Archaeology and Natural History: Sarasota, Florida, xii
+ 394 p., 20 figs., 100 pis.
PETUCH, E.J. 19%. Calusacypraea, a new, possibly neotenic genus
of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Pliocene of southern
Florida. The Nautilus 1 10(1): 17-21 , figs. 1-11.
Page 124
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(8): 2000
PETUCH, E.J. 1997. A new gastropod fauna from an Oligocene
back-reef lagoonal environment in west central Florida. The Nautilus
110(4): 122-138, figs. 1-72.
PETUCH, E.J. 1998. New cowries from the Myakka Lagoon System
and the Everglades Pseudoatoll (Pliocene, Okeechobean Sea). La
Conchiglia 30(288):27-37, figs. 1-17.
POPPE, G. & P. MARTIN. 1997. A new species of Pustularia from
the Philippines (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Gloria Maris 35(6):81-88,
pis. 1-2.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1978. Cypraea (Zoila ) marginata
Gaskoin, 1849. La Conchiglia 10(106-107): 1 1-14, figs. 1-10, +
card 2 + cover.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1985. Cypraeidae: Catalogo
specializzato delle cipree. Connoisseur of Seashells 1:3-9, numerous
figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1993a-b-1994a-c. Zoila (Zoila)
marginata (Gaskoin, 1849). I. Revision of the species and the
subspecies. World Shells 6:3-14, figs. 1-47, pis. A-B [1993a]; D. 7:3-
14, figs. 48-71 [1993b]; HI. 8:16-24, figs. 72-96, pis. 1-3 [1994a];
IV. 9:19-24, figs. 97-114 [1994b]; V. 10:36-42, figs. 115-128
[1994c],
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1993c. Once again on the holotype of
Zoila (Zoila ) marginata. World Shells 7:95-96, 8 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1994d. Cypraeovula - Luponia
amphilhales (Melvill, 1888) and his problems. World Shells 11:9-13,
figs. 1-13.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995a. Crossia iutsui Shikama, 1974.
Revision of Raybaudi index card no. 44 (1988). World Shells 12:17,
24-29, figs. 1-16.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995b. Zoila (Zoila ) lobettiana nova
species. World Shells 13:15-17, 15 unnumbered figs.
RAYBAUDI MASSILIA, L. 1995c. Two new great rarities among
South African endemics. World Shells 14:68-72, figs. 1-19.
SCHILDER, M. & F.A. SCHILDER. 1971. A catalogue of fossil and
Recent cowries. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique
Mdmoire 85:1-246.
SHIKAMA, T. 1971. On a new cowry from South China Sea.
Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 18:: 101-103, fig. 1.
TESSEER, F. 1952. Contributions a la stratigraphie et a la
paleontologie de la partie ouest du Senegal (Cr6tace et Tertiaire).
Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France. 1:1-269, pis. 1-14; 2:273-569,
pis. 15-40.
TOMIDA, S. 1989. Fossil molluscan assemblage from the Neogene
Senhata Formation around Nokogiriyama, Boso Peninsula, Japan.
Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 16:85-108, figs. 1-2, pis.
10-19.
WILSON, B. 1993. Australian Shells, v. 1. Odyssey Publishing: Perth,
Western Australia. 408 pp., numerous unnumbered figs., 44 pis.
The Festivus
All. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
fterpived on: 08-24-2000
QL401
. F418
v. XXXII
no. 9
September
14, 2000
Volume: XXXII
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
September 14, 2000
ISSN 0738-9388
Number: 9
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Linda Hutsell
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $30.00;
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Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
Calif omia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
COME TO “MUNCHIE MADNESS”
The Club’s annual September party — “Munchie of Marty and Terry Arnold on Saturday evening
Madness” — will again be held at the home and garden September 16th with festivities beginning at 6:00 p.m.
There will be no regular meeting this month.
CONTENTS
Club news 126
Katherine “Kate” Stephens (c. 1853-1954)
Ginger Dethloff 127
Report of the combined AMSAVSM meeting
Jules Hertz 133
Book news: Bivalve Seashells of Western North America ... by Coan, Valentich Scott & Bernard, reviewed
Nora Foster, reviewer 135
In Memoriam: Bertram (Bert) C. Draper 136
Page 126
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(9): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - August 17, 2000
In President Mike Mason's absence, Vice President
Kim Hutsell called the meeting to order. The minutes
of the July meeting were approved as written in the
Festivus. Kim reminded everyone that the September
Party will be on September 16 at the Arnold's house.
[See map in August issue.]
Librarian Linda Hutsell had various flyers and
newsletters for members to look at. She also announced
that the new Chiton and Bivalve books are available to
be checked out.
Carole Hertz mentioned that the Club has received
a donation from the collection of Gladys Weber. Items
from the collection will be in the next Auction.
Kim introduced Hans Bertsch as the speaker for the
evening. Hans spoke about the marine research grant
he received from Mexico and his recent trips to
Guerrero Negro, Bahia Tortugas and Isla Cedros to
collect the data. His work focused on nudibranchs but
there are many other types of organisms found in the
area. He discovered many range extensions, most of
which were found in Bahia Tortugas.
There is a biosphere reserve as well as a salt
processing plant in this area. The area is about one-half
way down the coast and much of it is dirt road. He
commented that the abalone cooperatives there are doing
very well.
The winner of the shell drawing was John Bishop.
The meeting was adjourned at 8:40 p.m. with a motion
by Carole and second by Kim. Thank you to Mike
Mason, Dave and Peg Mulliner, and John Bishop for
the delicious refreshments.
Silvana Vollero
A Change in Some Subscription Rates
As a result of postal increases for overseas surface
mail, The Festivus is forced to increase the
membership/subscription rate for overseas surface mail
subscribers from $18 to $20 beginning in 2001. All
other membership rates will remain the same. See front
page for other membership information.
Molluscs 2000 Meeting in Sydney, Australia
The Molluscs 2000 meeting in Sydney, Australia
“ Understanding Molluscan Biodiversity in our Region
into the 21st Century” will be held on the 4th - 8th
December, 2000.
Three main symposia are planned: 1) Describing
Molluscan Biodiversity - taxonomy and phylogeny and
their role in biodiversity studies 2) Assessing
Molluscan Biodiversity - ecology, life history and
genetics 3) Humans and Molluscan Biodiversity -
impacts, commercial utilization, pests and diseases.
Information is now available on the
Malacological Society of Australasia's website
(http : //www. austmus .gov . au/malsoc/)including
registration forms and abstract formatting details.
Payment can be made by credit card. Abstracts are
due by the 30th October. A late fee for registrations of
$Aust 22.00 will be imposed after the 15th of October.
Hard copy or e-mail versions of the registration
forms and other details will be sent on request.
International Shellfish Conference
The Fourth International Shellfish Conference will
be held from November 15-19, 2000 at the Crown
Plaza Resort, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. The
focus will be the restoration of molluscan shellfish and
their habitat
For further information see the website at:
<http://www.scseagrant.org> .
The Club’s Annual Christmas Dinner Party
The Club Christmas Party will be held on Saturday
evening December 2nd with festivities beginning at 6:00
p.m. This year the event will be held at the Admiral
Kidd Club. Details, menus etc. will be in the October
issue with a map to the Club in the November issue.
Save the date. This is always a very special event.
Membership Renewal
Lindahl, Marge and Ken, 202 Grand Canal, Balboa
Island, CA 92662. Phone: 714-675-5858.
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 127
KATHERINE "KATE” STEPHENS
(c. 1853-1954)
GINGER DETHLOFF1
San Diego Natural History Museum, Research Library,
P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, California 92112, USA
blueginger@home . com
Katherine "Kate" Stephens (nee Brown) (Figure 1)
was a nationally recognized naturalist and amateur
paleontologist who served as Curator of Collections for
the San Diego Society of Natural History and in 1920
became the first paid curator of the Department of
Mollusks & Marine Invertebrates at the San Diego
Natural History Museum (SDNHM Collection
Management Handbook, 1994).
Born in England, Kate's interest in natural history
was cultivated by frequent visits to the museums of
London. She worked for a time at the British Museum
of Natural History, and in 1890 she left England to live
with her cousin in San Diego County. She settled in the
small town of Witch Creek (between Ramona and
Julian) where she began teaching school. It was also at
this time that her interest was sparked in the shells of
San Diego. She collected and studied both terrestrial
and marine mollusks of the San Diego region and was
regarded as a resident authority on the subject. In 1907
she took part in a University of California expedition to
Alaska. Many lots of Alaskan mollusks in the Museum
collection resulted from Kate’s work there.
In August 1898, Kate married Frank Stephens with
whom she shared a great interest in natural history. In
the early 1900s, Frank was an active member of the San
Diego Society of Natural History, an ornithologist and
an accomplished Pacific Coast mammalogist. In 1910,
the Society hired Kate as curator for its collections,
wherein she assumed responsibility for the care and
conservation of specimens including those from her
husband’s mammal collection. She remained diligent in
her duties and in October 1923 she completed a
comprehensive overhaul of the Museum's large
collection of shells. For eleven years, Kate and Frank
Figure 1. Mrs. Kathryn “Kate” Brown Stephens in her later years.
Photograph from the SDNHM Research Library Archives.
‘Intern at SDNHM Research Library (while a graduate student at the University of San Diego).
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXH(9): 2000
Page 128
collaborated to create original museum exhibits and
together they did much of the work expanding and
caring for the collections.
From 1924-1928 Kate worked to identify the fossil
shells of San Diego County in connection with the
paleontological study conducted by the Society with
U.S. Grant IV and Frank Stephens. [See Frank
Stephens, (1929) Notes on the Marine Pleistocene
Deposits of San Diego County, California. Transactions
of the San Diego Society of Natural History 5(16):
245-256 (5 August).] In May of 1925, she prepared an
exhibit of the Chaney collection of very small shells
collected near San Diego; in June she prepared a sponge
exhibit with local specimens and in December,
rearranged the gorgonian "Sea Fan” exhibit. In 1927
and 1928 Kate updated the Museum’s collections by re-
labeling specimens to correspond with the new
nomenclature in addition to preparing “an exhibit on
ammonites or fossil shells of the Chambered Nautilus
group.”
Excerpts from Kate’s contributions to the Annual
Reports of San Diego Society of Natural History from
1923 to 1926 give a view of collection curation at the
time, the work and growth of the collections in her care,
and a glimpse of Kate Stephens as an environmentally
forward looking individual.
“1923 has been a year of steady progress,
both in material and interest. Several donations
have been received, of which one is a small
collection of shells from Brazil, gathered in
1865 by the late Orestes St. John, one of the
early Government Paleontologists. Mrs. Carrie
L. Simons, a member of the San Diego Society
of Natural History, has increased her donations
of beautifully mounted microscopic shells from
Lower California, including one new species,
Amphathalamus [s/c] stephensae [Figure 2].
We also received a very valuable
collection of 120 specimens of the interesting
genus Oreohelix from Mr. Junius Henderson of
the University of Colorado. These shells are
particularly desirable, as they complement the
already large collection of Oreohelix given to
us by Mr. Hemphill, the original student of
these peculiar snails. Mr. Henderson’s
specimens were in exchange for Eocene fossils
from Rose Canyon, San Diego ....
The most pressing need at the present
Figure 2. Amphithalamus stephensae Bartsch, 1927. Holotype, 1.1
mm. Type locality: Bahia Magdalena, Baja California, Sur, Mexico.
Illustration from the Proceedings of the United States National
Museum 70(1 1): pi. 4, fig. 5. Paratypes are in the San Diego Natural
History Museum mollusk type collection.
time is cabinets for the card catalogues of this
department. The catalogues, numbering many
thousand cards, are at present contained in
temporary boxes, where they are in danger of
being lost or destroyed.
I would recommend that, during the
coming year, more attention be given to other
branches of invertebrates, particularly to fish
parasites and lower crustaceans generally.
Owing to the enthusiastic co-operation of Mr.
Gillette, the Museum's Preparator, who is
preserving such specimens of these orders as
are received in his department, this branch can
now be profitably studied and would provide
results of great economic value. It is also
desirable that the littoral fauna of Lower
California should receive more intense
collecting than heretofore. Much valuable work
can be done in this field.”
1924 “has on the whole been progressive.
Much time has been given to routine work.
Some cases in the exhibition hall have been
renovated, some rebuilt, and one new case of
corals has been installed. The public has shown
an increasing interest in the exhibits and in the
study of sea life, as compared with past years.
About 300 shells were identified for one visitor
from the east, and about 200 for another; and
a number of other persons have had shells
identified and instruction given them.
The Society has received several
donations— two or three of considerable
interest. One of them, a donation from C.A.
Pinkham, of Los Angeles, is a collection of
remarkably fine fossils from Coyote Mountain,
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 129
including several specimens that are new to our
collection, in addition to those not yet
identified. A few shells were received from the
estate of the late Orestes St. John, and a
collection of interesting shells, chiefly foreign
and new to the Society, from the late Dr. J.P.
Iddings. Mr. and Mrs. F.D. Cleveland, of
Altadena, through whose kindness these shells
were given, also donated a collection of corals.
These are not yet installed.
The chief work of this department,
however, has been the commencement of a
systematic study of the paleontology of San
Diego County. This promises to be very
instructive, but has not as yet progressed far
enough to give definite results. Hitherto little
work has been done in this field since the early
days of Cooper, Stanton, Fairbanks and others.
If possible, this work should be extended into
Lower California in the coming year.”
1925 “has been one of steady growth in
the department of Mollusks and Marine
Invertebrates, although no great or particularly
valuable gifts have been received. A new
exhibit of sponges has been installed, of which
the central feature is a large sponge from
Lower California waters donated by Mrs. B.
Rashin. An additional case of corals has also
been installed, and the case of gorgonias has
been rearranged and card-catalogued. Through
Mrs. Clara C. Seaver a collection of shells
from the estate of the late Mrs. E.M. Chaney
of La Jolla was received by the Museum. This
accession made possible the installation of a
case of very small shells which were arranged
on 140 small black disks and provide a rather
striking exhibit. There is material on hand for
an additional case of Crustacea.
After the routine work of identifying
specimens for students and bringing the
catalogues up-to-date, the chief work of the
year has been with fossil shells. A considerable
number of local fossils has been collected by
Mr. Stephens, many of which have been
identified and a number of species new to the
collection listed. A great many specimens have
also been named for Mr. Charles H. Sternberg.
So much study and preliminary cataloguing of
fossils has been done that I feel I am now
familiar enough with our local fossils to speak
with some confidence about them.
I wish to speak very earnestly on the
subject of imported mollusks. Four species of
imported mollusks have been allowed to enter
California. One, Vivipara annulata, has been
acclimated several years. Nevertheless, in
Japan and China this species is a great pest in
the rice fields. If it should get started in the
rice fields in Sacramento Valley, it probably
would be as great a pest there. Another shell,
Planorbis comeus, a European species, has
been imported for the purpose of cleaning moss
that grows on the glass inside aquariums. We
have a native species that will do the work just
as well, which can be picked up in almost any
pond or stream. Another species, Helix lacta
[Otala lactea ], a European species, was
through the promptness of the Horticultural
Commissioner immediately destroyed. I cannot
speak too strongly as to the possible danger of
these importations. Surely the loss, annoyance
and expense to which the Country has been
subjected in the introduction of Helix pisana at
La Jolla should be sufficient reason for
caution. ”
1926 “The Department of Mollusks and
Marine Invertebrates is in satisfactory
condition. Much work has been done in
identifying, mounting and labeling the Eocene
and other fossils. Several hundred sets of these
fossils have been placed in order and
catalogued and are now available for study.
An earnest class of students of shells
meets every Friday in my room, and another
class meets at intervals. Many visitors bring
shells for identification.
Dr. Fred Baker has given to the Society
about 150 species of Hawaiian shells, most of
which are new to the Society's collections.
Several small donations from others have been
received from time to time. As heretofore I
would urge the collecting of Lower California
marine fauna. This would coordinate with the
Society's already large collections from
California and would make our collections
compare with the best on the east coast. A
small collection of shells picked up last spring
on the Gulf of California at San Felipe by Mr.
Page 130
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
Abbott and Mrs. May Canfield gives an
indication of the rich field that can be worked
there.
A rare crab ( Uca monolifer a) from the
Gulf of California, donated by Griffmg
Bancroft, was new to the Society’s collection.
A.W. Galloway has taken up the task of
collecting isopods for the Society and we have
hopes of great help from him.
A noteworthy happening this year is the
finding for the first time of fresh water
crawfish in San Diego County. A specimen
taken August 13 in a pool in the Escondido
River at Escondido was given to the Society by
Frank Gander, of the O'Rourke Zoological
Institute. Another specimen of the same
species, donated by Philip C. Barney, was
found by him on September 26 in the head of
Spooks Canyon, about five miles from Rancho
Santa Fe. I have not yet identified the
specimens, but Dr. Myrtle Johnson, of the San
Diego State College, and Samuel Harter, of
our own Society, have donated material for
comparison toward that end.”
Kate traveled with her husband Frank on many, if
not all, of his collecting trips after they were married.
Due to Frank’s poor hearing and reputation as a careless
driver, Kate forbade her husband to make collecting
trips alone. During the trips she would assist as his
secretary recording their travels and specimen
collections (Figure 3).
Excerpts quoted from Kate’s diary in May 1902 tell
a bit of what is was like to go on a scientific collecting
trip [starting in Witch Creek in San Diego County] in
those early days.
Figure 3. Kate at the campsite on a collecting trip. Photograph from the SDNHM Research Library Archives.
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 131
“May 5— Started this morning for a four
months collecting trip for the Biological Survey
Department of Agriculture. A fine day, got off
without mishap about half past nine. Our party
consisting of myself, three horses— George,
Dick and Flora, the little dog Bobs, Carl Field
the cook and teamster, and Mr. Stephens our
head, called in the official papers "Field
Specialist", but to us our leader and our sole
dependence for we are as helpless as sheep in
everything pertaining to camping out and
hunting. Our [turn out] looked uncommonly
fine our wagon with its new coat of black and
yellow paint and brand new white duck cover.
While Carl came gaily behind draging poor
little Bobs with a string tied round his neck. A
short visit to the courthouse and many good
byes and good luck as we are really off our
faces headed north we travel the main road.
Dick our new horse has lived in a pasture for
several months and is trying now to out travel
all and everything. Mr. Stephens has to try to
hold him in all the time tho the horse does not
act bad at all, only very eager to go. And Flora
who is in the wagon with him is an old horse
whom we only expect to play third fiddle
anyway. In the afternoon we twice see a
kangaroo rat dead in the road. A man stoped
and gave us a paper in which I see that Queen
Willemina is likely to die and a bad battle with
the Moros in Mindano. We did not go to
Delmar [Del Mar] thinking the main road north
might be the best road. There is just a few
Torrey Pines to be seen on the top of the blufs
after leaving Soronta [Sorrento] on the
left-hand side of the road. (The Torrey Pine
grows on one of the Pacific Coast Islands and
from La Jolla is about 20 miles north of
Delmar. Being one of the most restricted
species of trees known.) I may as well say here
that these Torrey Pines are a species found
nowhere but on the California Coast. They are
not a handsome tree as most pines, as living on
the top of blufs close to the ocean the wind
beats against them and contorts their branches
and head till they look skruby trees. They are
also very difficult to raise from seed so that it
is quite likely that in a few years they will be
extinct. Late in the afternoon we were caught
in a great swarm of starving mosquitos. They
made a great meal off us and the horses. These
mosquitos are very large; they must be twice
as large as the ordinary kind that come in the
houses. They flew around till we went to bed.
Set out a few traps. Traveled 22 miles.”
“May 7— All day driving through Santa
Margarita Ranch we were told there is 10,000
cattle on the Ranch and we are not yet out of
San Diego County tho I believe very nearly.
We still see many black birds. The
grasshoppers will be bad this year for there is
a great number of half-grown ones now and we
saw many hawks feeding on them. This
morning we passed San Onofre. Here there is
a large walnut orchard. The trees are
apparently only lately set out there must be
several acres, a somewhat sandy place. At
noon we came to the ocean a nice sandy beach
with round boulders at near low tide had a few
minutes collecting. I think it would have been
profitable to have had a good hunt there. I have
collected nothing but a few beetles which I saw
eating the wild convulvus [convolvulus, a
genus of morning glories]. Cockchaffers [any
kind of scarab beetle] seem to be plentiful,
there is four or five on and around my book as
I write. After camping we were turned off our
place by the caretaker as we had camped near
to where the cattle come to drink and we have
to camp now at a regular camp ground, which
is never quite so nice as being alone. There is
one wagon and two bicyclers here tonight.
Here we have our bed clothes filled with
stickers and we see a goffer come to the
surface of his hole. It seems quite unheed the
light of the lanthoms and we try to trap it but
it filled the trap with dirt and after awhile
something frightened it and it went down not to
come up again. This place is called San Mateo
Creek. We can hear Sea Lions roaring and
hope to catch a glimpse of them tomorrow. We
also hear that there is deer to be found in the
mountains round. Frank has set traps tonight
for mice and shrews. Traveled 16 miles.”
In addition to cataloguing numerous collections and
preparing many exhibits, Kate also taught natural
history to the local children of San Diego. Students
who were given their first taste of natural history by
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXU(9): 2000
Kate Stephens included Laurence M. Huey, who later
became the Museum's Curator of Birds and Mammals,
as well as Carl L. Hubbs. Dr. Hubbs became a
world-class ichthyologist and biology professor at
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, in addition to a
Trustee for the San Diego Society of Natural History.
In honor of Kate’s contributions, five molluscan
species were named for her — Amphithalamus
siephensae Bartsch, 1927 (Figure 2); Cerithiopsis
stephensae Bartsch, 1909 (Figure 4); Gafrarium
siephensae Jordan, 1936 (Figure 5); Odostomia
Stephens'! Dali & Bartsch, 1907 (Figure 6) and Rissoina
stephensae Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1930 (Figure 7).
Figures 4, 5. (4) Cerithiopsis stephensae Bartsch, 1909. Holotype, 9
mm. Type locality: Port Frederick, Chichagoff Is., Alaska. Photo
from Proceedings of the United States National Museum
37(171 1):399. Paratypes are in the San Diego Natural History
Museum mollusk type collection. Originally the species name was
stephensi, but since it was named for Kate, the species was later
emended to stephensae. (5) Gafrarium stephensae Jordan, 1936.
Holotype, 5.8 mm. Type locality: Bahia Magdalena, Baja California
Sur, Mexico. Photo from Contributions from the Department of
Geology of Stanford University 1(4): pi. 19, fig. 11. Now considered
a synonym of Gouldia californica Dali, 1917.
In 1936, after 30 years of service to the museum,
Kate retired from her curatorial position. In all, she
served as the Society's Curator of Collections, Assistant
Director, Secretary, Librarian, and as Curator of
Mollusks and Marine Invertebrates. The Natural History
Museum Bulletin, No. 1 1 1 (February 1936) claimed that
"In fact, it can be truly said that were it not for the
devotion of Mrs. Stephens and her husband, Frank
Stephens, there may be no Natural History Museum in
San Diego today."
Figures 6, 7. (6) Odostomia stephensi Dali & Bartsch, 1909.
Holotype, 5.3 mm. Type locality: Bear Bay, Baranoff Island, Alaska.
Illustration from Bulletin of the United States National Museum 68,
pi. 24, fig. 5. The species was named for Kate even though the
species is stephensi. It is now considered a synonym of O.
termisculpta Carpenter, 1864. (7) Rissoina stephensae Baker, Hanna
& Strong, 1930. Holotype, 4 mm. Type locality: Cabo San Lucas,
Baja California Sur, Mexico. Illustration from Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., 19(4): pi. 1, fig. 4.
Paratypes are in the San Diego Natural History Museum mollusk type
collection.
Kate once claimed that "Frank taught me all I know
of Natural History as a science. " In her own right, she
possessed a considerable knowledge of general natural
history with a focus on marine invertebrates. Kate was
fully acquainted with living mollusks, both marine and
non-marine and developed an expertise in the fossil
field, not only of mollusks but also of invertebrate
paleontology in general. Although retired, Kate
remained active in her conchology research well into her
90th year. Over 100 years old at the time of her death,
she was the Society's oldest living member both in years
and length of membership. The personal collections of
Kate and Frank Stephens were donated to the museum
posthumously in 1955.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank Margaret Dykens, Scientific
Librarian at the Museum’s Research Library and
Archives, for her assistance on this project. This article
originated as a biography of Kate Stephens for the San
Diego Natural History Museum’s website and was
modified for publication in The Festivus by Carole M.
Hertz, Associate in the Department of Marine
Invertebrates.
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 133
REPORT OF THE COMBINED AMS/WSM MEETING
JULES HERTZ1
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
The 66th American Malacological Society (AMS)
and 33rd Western Society of Malacologists (WSM) Joint
Congress entitled “Crawling Towards the New
Millennium” was held July 7-12 at San Francisco State
University, San Francisco, California. There were
approximately 100 people in attendance. There were
social events and field trips in addition to two symposia,
general sessions, and a poster session. The meeting
opened with registration and a Welcoming Reception,
on the 7th.
The symposium, “The Place of Malacology in
Comparative Biology,” was convened by Michael
Ghiselin on the 8* and its papers filled the entire day.
Many of them were historical reviews by noted experts
in their fields and were philosophical in nature. The
one I found outstanding was “Chemical Defense in
Opisthobranchs: From Comparative Chemistry to
Comparative Biology” by Guido Cimino et al. He
summarized 20 years of work including current projects
being conducted worldwide. He stated that, “Now it is
possible, knowing the chemical structure of a compound
present in the extract of an unknown opisthobranch, to
suggest the order, and sometimes even the family or the
genus of the mollusc .... Chemical compounds present
in molluscs can be derived from their habitual diet. The
chemistry of opisthobranchs is very often the chemistry
of sponges, algae, soft corals, tunicates and so on.
However, not all secondary metabolites from
opisthobranchs have a dietary origin. In fact, some
species are able to modify dietary metabolites whereas
others are able to biosynthetize de novo their chemical
arsenal.”
On the following day, Angel Valdes convened the
second symposium, “Systematics and Ecology of
Opisthobranch Gastropods.” A very interesting paper
in the Symposium by Cynthia Trowbridge was entitled
Figure 1. David R. Lindberg presenting his paper.
“Changes in Host-plant Use of Ascoglossan ( =
Sacoglossan) Sea Slugs on Introduced Macroalgae.” She
found that the sea slug Elysia viridis on Scottish shores
preferred to associate with and consume the introduced
green macroalgae Codium fragile rather than the native
alga. Recently metamorphosed juvenile E. viridis (from
Codium fragile-feeding parents) were generally not able
to feed or grow on the native alga.
In a General Session that afternoon, I was
fascinated by a paper by Erika Iyengar entitled
“Kleptoparasitism by the Marine Snail Trichotropis
cancellata on Tubiferous Marine Polychaete Worms.”
She showed slides of the snails astride the tube-dwelling
1 Mailing address: 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave. San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
polychaete worms using their proboscis to steal food
from the worms while the worms were in the act of
suspension feeding. She concluded that Trichotropis
cancellata is a facultative kleptoparasite and her field
work indicates that this is the dominant feeding mode of
this snail. A second paper I found controversial and
thought-provoking was David Lindberg’s “An
Introduction to the Patellogastropoda of the
Northeastern Pacific, or Forget (almost) Every Binomial
Name You Ever Learned for This Group.” Lindberg
(Figure 1) was one of the most prolific authors at the
meeting, either authoring or co-authoring four papers.
He has disowned his previous work in favor of a
cladistic approach based on DNA.
The auction, the second of the three social events
for the meeting, was held that evening. The auction
material consisted of books, papers and shell-related
items. The auctioneers were Hans Bertsch and Pablo
Penchaszadeh and they were very entertaining in their
attempts to get the most money for a rather meager
supply of auction material. Wine and soft drinks were
available and the audience got into the mood of reckless
bidding and some of the items went for outrageous
prices. The money raised goes to support student grants
and everyone had a very enjoyable evening.
The following day consisted of General Sessions of
contributed papers, many of them presented by the large
number of students attending the meeting. Eugene V.
Coan presented the first paper of the meeting on
taxonomy discussing the “Eastern Pacific Species of the
Venerid Genus Cyclinella (Bivalvia).” His research
based on morphology concluded that despite the number
of available names, there are only three eastern Pacific
species of Cyclinella. Other papers of the General
Session which were of interest to me were Steven
Lonhart’s “The Changing Ranges of Eastern Pacific
Marine Invertebrates: The Influence of Oceanographic
and Anthropogenic Mechanisms” and Audrey
Aronowsky’s paper, “Phylogenetic Relationships of
Moon Snails (Gastropoda: Naticidae).” She used 55
extant taxa (45 naticid, 10 outgroup) and 106 characters
to reconstruct a hypothesis of relationship within the
family and examine the family’s position within the
Gastropoda. Results support the placement of
Eunaticina in Polinicinae rather than in Sininae. Sister
group relationships support a pre-Cretaceous origin for
Naticidae.
The afternoon of the 11th was devoted to a Poster
Session. The quality of the posters was excellent. I
was particularly impressed by Daniel Geiger’s
“ABMAP: Abalone Distribution on the Web.” You
could sit in front of the computer screen and select any
part of the world, find out which species occur there,
and then get information about them and look at large
photographs of those species. An interesting future
project was one by Jose Leal (Figure 2) entitled,
Morphological Systematics of the Mactridae (Bivalvia:
Mactroidea): a Research Proposal.”
Figure 2. Jose H. Leal in front of his poster.
The Banquet was held on the evening of the 1 1th at
the California Academy of Sciences. It was an
outstanding event in a magnificent setting. It started
with an hour of hors d’ oeuvre and an open bar, and was
followed by a marvelous gourmet dinner. The only
thing missing was a keynote speaker.
On the last morning, there were field trips to the
Monterey Bay Aquarium and to San Bruno Mt. and Pt.
Reyes National Seashore.
The next annual meeting of WSM will be held in
San Diego, California from 27-30 June 2001.
Vol. XXXII(9): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 135
BOOK NEWS
Bivalve Seashells of Western North America
Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California
by Eugene V. Coan, Paul Valentich Scott and Frank R. Bernard. 2000.
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs Number 2.
Studies in Biodiversity Number 2
viii + 754 pages, 124 plates, numerous text figures.
Price: $99 plus tax and handling [$12US; $17 international]
Order form available at: http://www.sbnature.org. atlas/bivbook.htm
A comprehensive monograph on the Pacific coast
bivalve fauna has been needed for a long time, and so it
is a real pleasure to have Bivalve Seashells... in hand.
This massive volume has been in the works since 1965,
begun by Frank R. Bernard, and completed by Eugene
V. Coan and Paul Valentich Scott. I have been
privileged to see and comment on draft sections, starting
in the mid-1980s (as I am sure have many of the readers
of The Festivus). The authors have incorporated
contributions from well-known worldwide experts, for
example, R.G.B. Reid for Solemyoidea, A. I. Kafanov,
J-M Poutiers, and J.A. Schneider for Cardiidae.
The authors’ purposes, stated in the introduction,
are “(1) to aid in the identification of northeastern
Pacific bivalves, (2) to provide access to the published
information about these species, and (3) to pose
questions we feel require additional study.” The book
succeeds superbly in all three.
A brief history of the scientific study of Pacific
coast mollusks puts this work into historical perspective.
“It is difficult to understand why a region so long
studied by numerous prominent workers, and which
attracted so many students, and collectors, should lack
a comprehensive monograph of the marine molluscan
fauna. ” The introduction continues with a laundry list of
problems awaiting further research. Well-written
sections on biogeography, nomenclature, origin, and
techniques for the study of Bivalvia follow. The
thorough and well illustrated presentation of bivalve
anatomy leads logically to sections on life habits and
classification. All these sections are highly
recommended reading. Glen Jameson, of the Pacific
Biological Station in Nanaimo, contributed an
interesting section on clam fisheries, toxicity, and
habitat disturbance, all clam-human interactions.
The heart of the book, a comprehensive scholarly
identification guide to northwestern Pacific bivalves,
begins with an artificial key to bivalve superfamilies.
While I haven’t had occasion to use the key, it is
designed to present novice users with clear choices, and
the hinges, muscle scars, ribs, and striae of bivalve
shells are illustrated within the key, where they’re
needed.
In the systematic section that follows, subclasses
and superfamilies higher taxa are arranged in a familiar
order, reflecting the current state of inferred
phylogenetic relationships. Dichotomous keys lead the
user to family or genus. Character tables present a
comparison of species within a subfamily, and (with my
limited testing) work well. Characteristics that delineate
class, superfamily, family, and genus are described
succinctly. A list of the relevant literature concludes the
description of each taxon. For most genera, there is an
illustration of “soft part” anatomy: placement of
muscles, gills and siphons. Each species merits a superb
photograph. I was very pleased with the clarity of these
illustrations. Texture, hinge structure, and muscle scars
are well-lighted, so that the pictures are quite
unambiguous.
The book is comprehensive, Beaufort Sea
Atlantic-Arctic species that barely make it into the
northeastern Pacific fauna, {Bathyarca glacialis;
Boreacola maltzani) as well as west Pacific species
whose North American distribution extends only as far
as the eastern Aleutians ( Chlamys albida; Astarte
vernicosa ) are included. My colleagues working at the
other extreme should surely find similar examples.
Intriguing deep water species are also given their due -
delicate pristiglomids, glass scallops, verticordiids and
poromyids. Three new species, Adontorhina lynnae,
Tellina cadieni, and Tresus allomyax are described
here. The authors have been thorough in their
scholarship to find more appropriate names for
1
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THE FESTIVUS
some familiar species: Macoma golikovi, Mendicula
ferruginosa, for example.
The volume concludes with a thorough Guide to
Literature: well-selected regional works, the relevant
publications on bivalve anatomy, classification, growth
and form, genetics, reproduction and larval growth,
ecology and biogeography. The Literature Cited section
is massive.
There is much to be learned about these fascinating
animals. In the introduction and throughout the text,
questions are posed to malacologists. Unmentioned, but
also deserving our attention are the several species
designated “sp. A” and a number of genera for which
an illustration of internal anatomy is lacking.
The book’s format is most attractive. Marie
Murphy and Patricia Sadeghian deserve praise for the
book’s design and images. In a work this massive some
errors are probably inevitable: there are a few seeming
inconsistencies in the format (that for the descriptions of
the three new species, for example, and errors in
geographic place names). This is a large, heavy book,
designed to be used. The thick glossy pages will lie flat
and open on your work table. The wide margins invite
annotation, perhaps to begin to answer the questions the
authors pose.
Nora Foster
2998 Gold Hill Road
Fairbanks 99709, Alaska
In Memoriam
Bertram (Bert) C. Draper
April 30, 1904 - August 7, 2000
It is with sadness that we report the passing, at 96 years, of Bert Draper. Bert was active in
malacology for many years and a longtime member of the San Diego Shell Club among other
malacological societies. Those of us who knew him remember his beautiful, labeled displays of
micro-mollusks, his wonderful micro-photography and his presentations on different groups of tiny
mollusks at national malacological meetings. His papers appeared in publications such as The
Veliger and The Tabulata. The Festivus was the fortunate recipient of seven of his articles on
minute shells [see below] . Bert had an enthusiastic and friendly nature and will be missed by all
who knew him.
1971. Minute shells. 2(5): 1-4.
1972. Check list of shells found in scrapings from Spondylus princeps taken at a depth of 40 feet,
southeast of Santa Rosalia, Baja California, 1969. 3(4): 5-7.
1975. Checklist of shells collected at Cholla Bay, Sonora, Mexico. 6(11): 67.
1982a. Observations of living Caecum crebricinctum. 14(2): 29-32, figs. 1-8.
1982b. Notes on Turveria encopendema , a parasite on sand dollars. 14(11): 129-131, figs. 1-7.
1985. Mollusks which truncate their shells and how they plug the openings. 17(1): 3-9, figs. 1-19.
1986. The family Barleeidae in the eastern Pacific according to the "Review of the Genera of the Barieeidae..."
by W. F. Ponder (1983). 18(2): 16-18.
QL401
. F418
v. XXXII
no. 10
October
12, 2000
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
ISSN 0738-9388
Volume: XXXII
October 12, 2000
Number: 10
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Linda Hutsell
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $20.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
Calif omia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
Calif omia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
WRITING AND PUBLISHING YOUR OWN SHELL BOOK?
Paul Valentich Scott, of the Santa Barbara Museum of
Natural History and coauthor of the new bivalve book, will
give the program. It will be in a workshop format with folks
thinking about shell books THEY have dreamed of publishing,
and bringing the ideas to the meeting. Paul adds, “Also, of
course, anyone is welcome to bring NE Pacific bivalves and
I will be happy to help with identification. This would include
going through the superfamily key and family character tables
for those that want to learn.” He is also very willing to sign
any of his books which members have purchased.
Meeting date: October 19, 2000
CONTENTS
Club news 138
Report of COA 2000
Kim C. Hutsell 138
Algae in shells of Pododesmus macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839)
Roland C. Anderson 139
The habitat of Plesiothyreus osculans (C.B. Adams, 1852) (Gastropoda: Phenacolepadidae)
Carol Skoglund 143
Two juvenile Spondylus species in the Golfo de California, Mexico
Kim C. Hutsell
144
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THE FESTIVUS
voi. xxxnqo): 2000
CLUB NEWS
The Club’s Annual Christmas Dinner Party
The Club Christmas Party will be held on Saturday
evening December 2nd in the Crystal Room of the
Admiral Kidd Club with festivities beginning at 6:00
p.m. A map to the Club will be in the November issue.
On the menu there are three choices of entree:
Prime Rib of Beef (English Cut au jus), Chicken Kiev
(boneless breast of chicken filled with herb-flavored
butter) or Broiled Halibut (steak basted with lemon
butter sauce). These are all served with tossed green
salad, bread and butter, vegetable, and coffee and/or
tea. Dessert choices are: Old fashioned Cherry Cobbler
or New York Style Cheescake.
The cost of the dinner including gratuity is $21.00.
Further details including information on the shell gift
exchange and map will be in the November issue.
Save the date. This is always a very special event!
Changes to the Roster
New Member
Fomer, Monika M., 575 Otay Lakes #32, Chula Vista,
CA 91913. 619-397-0970.
Changes of Address
Underwood, Doris K, 698 Sheridan Woods Dr., West
Melbourne, FL 32904.
King, Robert L., 2635 2nd Ave., #205, San Diego, CA
92103-6555.
The September Party
“Munchie Madness,” held at the home of Marty
and Terry Arnold on Saturday evening the 16th, was a
lovely affair. The Arnold’s garden was pleasantly cool
and the friendships decidedly warm. The munchies
were delicious and plentiful as always, and the
conversations most enjoyable. All who attended had
a very good time.
Our thanks to Marty and Terry for hosting this
event once again.
A Change in Some Subscription Rates
As a result of postal increases for overseas surface
mail. The Festivus is forced to increase the
membership/subscription rate for overseas surface mail
subscribers from $18 to $20 beginning in 2001. All
other membership rates will remain the same. See
front page for other membership information.
All memberships received after October 1 will be
applied to the year 2001.
REPORT OF COA 2000
Without question, the COA Convention for the year
2000 held in Houston Texas at the Green’s Point
Wyndham Hotel was a resounding success. Hosting the
annual convention is no small matter, but the volunteers
who organized and ran the show this year made it look
easy. They not only put on a great convention, they
proved that Texas hospitality is no myth. Along with a
full slate of programs, field trips and silent auctions
(which ran continuously throughout the week), there
still seemed to be plenty of time for shell talk with
friends old and new. If that wasn’t enough, the voice
auction alone brought in the greatest dollar amount for
any single event in COA history, an astounding
$22,000.
At the COA club rep. meeting, the main topic of
discussion once again was the problem of shrinking
membership numbers among the various clubs. The
number one reason returned on surveys about this
problem was that members (past and present) felt too
much time was devoted to “official club business.” In
short, they wanted less time devoted to organizational
matters during regular meetings and more time to
simply discuss their favorite subject - shells - with other
members, which is why most members join shell clubs.
Failure to respond to this is resulting in the continuing
decline in membership of many clubs nationwide.
Kim C. Hutsell
Vol. XXXII(IO): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 139
ALGAE IN SHELLS OF
PODODESMUS MACROCHISMA (DESHA YES, 1839)
ROLAND C. ANDERSON
Seattle Aquarium, Alaskan Way, WA 98101-2059, USA.
E-mail: anderson@ci. Seattle. wa.us
The green false-j ingle, Pododesmus macrochisma
(Deshayes, 1839), is one of what I feel are neglected
mollusks, animals that are common but have been
little studied in recent years, especially as to their
natural history. I like to look at things that are
uncommon, or that few other people are working
with. Since we have numerous P. macrochisma
growing in the tanks, pipes and filters of the Seattle
Aquarium, and since they are also common in my
local waters of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA,
I took a look at what had previously been done with
the jingle shell to see if there was something
interesting about it that hadn’t been investigated yet.
There are only a couple of major works in the
literature on Pododesmus macrochisma. Numerous
authors have discussed the nomenclature of these
shells, and a good summary is found in Chace (1972).
He presents a compelling argument for considering all
West Coast animals to be one genus and species -
Pododesmus Philippi 1839, type species Monia
macrochisma Deshayes 1839. Carpenter (1872)
mistakenly changed the spelling to macroschisma.
Modem taxonomists (e.g. Coan, et al., 2000) have
gone back to the original spelling.
Kellogg (1915) published a work on the ciliary
mechanisms of bivalves. He found the distortion of
the soft body parts of P. macrochisma interesting. He
ascribed said asymmetry to the arrangement of the
byssus in the lower (right) shell, the animal's habit of
conforming to the surface it adheres to, and its severe
left-right compression. The lower shell grows around
the byssus and meets to form a teardrop-shaped hole
through which the byssus attaches to a firm surface.
He said of its ciliary mechanism "in no case has a
more furious ciliary action been observed." I know
from personal experience that P. macrochisma must
have an efficient feeding system, since it is able to
survive and thrive handily in the filtered sea water
systems at the Seattle Aquarium which strain out
particles as small as 10 micrometers (Anderson,
1987). Its "furious ciliary" action may contribute to
its feeding under such conditions.
The comprehensive monograph by Yonge (1977)
delineated form and evolution in the superfamily
Anomiacea. He posited that Pododesmus were the
most primitive of the superfamily and further
described in great detail the shells, their structure, and
their probable evolution and internal organs. Carter
(1990) summarized the shell microstructure of the
family.
Essentially, all other references about
Pododesmus macrochisma are from shell
identification manuals (e.g., Quayle, 1960; Rice,
1973; Abbott, 1974; White, 1976; Foster, 1991; Coan
et al., 2000) and such natural history guides as
Ricketts & Calvin (1968), MacGinitie & MacGinitie
(1968) and Kozloff (1983). Little else of substance
has been published on P. macrochisma, with the
possible exception of Haderlie & Abbott (1980). In
addition to a general description of the animal, they
state "the green color inside the upper (and sometimes
lower) valve is due, at least in part, to minute algae
living within the shell." None of the other references
mention this alga in the shell nor do the references
they cite, so this referral to the algae may be original
material. I haven’t been able to find any other
references to algae in the shells of P. macrochisma,
nor in any other shells.
Now, aside from its asymmetry and “furious
ciliary action,” I found this aspect interesting. The
idea of algae living in the shell titillated me. What
good could come from the alga from living in the
shell matrix? Is this an example of symbiosis,
commensalism, parasitism, or none of the above? In
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXn(lO): 2000
Page 140
other cases, algae live in the tissues of corals,
Tridacna clams and sea anemones (Zann, 1980).
There are even parasitic marine algae, e.g., those that
grow in the tissues of sea pens of the Pacific
Northwest and eventually kill them (Birkeland, 1968).
I started my investigations by trying to confirm
that algae live in the shells. I collected live jingle
shells (Figure 1) from two depths (3 m and 30 m) by
scuba diving near the Hamma Hamma River on Hood
Canal, a branch of Puget Sound, and from the raw sea
water filters of the Seattle Aquarium. The jingles
Figure 1. Green false-j ingles, Pododesmus macrochisma, growing
on a rock from 3 m deep water in Hood Canal (Washington State).
from within the filters had lived totally in the dark.
The inlet for the filters is 10 m deep at the Aquarium.
They have obviously been thriving in the filters
(Figure 2). The upper shells were pried off the rocks
or filter surface with a knife. Any epibiota was
scraped off the shells and they were scrubbed
thoroughly with a stiff brush in running sea water,
dried and examined. Compared subjectively, I
couldn't tell that there was much difference in the
color (Plate 1, figure 1).
I then took a shell from the 3 m depth, pulverized
it in a mortar and pestle, added the powder to sea
water in a beaker, shook and stirred the liquid and
looked at a drop of the slurry under a compound
microscope. At 1000 power I saw clumped cells along
with shards of shell material on the slide. The
presumptive algal cells were light green with an
Figure 2. Green false-j ingles, sea anemones and barnacles
growing in the sea water filters of the Seattle Aquarium.
orange-red dot in the center. They superficially
resembled the Chlorella that Cooke (1975) found
in the tissues of the heart cockle Clinocardium
nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). I also used a vital stain (rose
bengal, which stains living tissue) on the condensate.
It caused various other bits and pieces to be stained
red but which could not be determined as algal cells.
Harkening back to my high school biology
classes, I recalled that green chlorophyll is soluble in
alcohol, so I decided to see if there was a comparative
difference spectrophotometrically that I could detect
between the shell samples from the three depths. The
shells (N = 10 each) were individually pulverized,
and 1 g of the shell material was added to 25 ml of a
70% solution of ethyl alcohol. The samples were
stirred and allowed to sit overnight. The green color
was not all leached out by the alcohol; this
corroborates that the green may be partly due to color
in the nacre. The next day, the absorbance of each
sample was read with a spectrophotometer at 500 and
600 nanometers (nm); "green" as we see it is 550 nm.
There was a considerable difference between the
3 m samples and the others (Table 1). The difference
was significant at the 500 nm frequency (F, lg=4.49,
p< 0.046), but not at the 600 nm level (F, lg=3.30,
p< 0.083), using multivariate analysis of the variance
(Sigma SoftR software, version 3.5, 1995).
What does this tell us? First of all, it tells us that
algae in the shell are growing in the shallow water
Vol. XXXD(IO): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 141
layers and not the deeper. This may seem rather
obvious, but there are algae that can live in deeper
waters. Many filter feeders can live on phytoplankton
well below the photic zone, including P. macrochisma
itself. We don't know precisely what P. macrochisma
eats, but presumably it eats plankton and suspended
matter like other bivalves (Morton, 1967).
It also tells us that algae once in the shell
probably continue to grow rather than constantly
being added to the shell. We can know this because of
the difference between the shallow-water shells and
the shells from the filters. The filter jingles were
growing in the dark, but still were exposed to the
unfiltered, well-mixed surface waters of Puget Sound,
presumably containing algal cells. Therefore, there
was an opportunity for the alga to be added to the
shell, but presumably they were not surviving due to
the dark conditions.
The fact that P. macrochisma lives down to at
least 35 m deep (Quayle, 1960) means it is eating
something other than surface plankton. This is
corroborated by the jingles that are growing in the
tanks supplied by the filtered sea water at the Seattle
Aquarium. Our sand filters are designed to filter
particulate matter as small as 10 micrometers. There
are certainly nanoplankton smaller than this (Smith,
1977), and these may be what P. macrochisma
collects and eats with its “furious ciliary action.”
I'm afraid these elementary observations raise
more questions than they answer. If Pododesmus are
the most primitive of the Anomiidae as Yonge (1977)
suggests, does that mean they have been around the
longest unchanged, and hence would have the greatest
possibility of evolution working on it or its
commensals? What does P. macrochisma actually eat?
What is the identity of the alga living in the shell?
Does the jingle actively or passively incorporate the
alga into its shell, is it accidental, or does the alga
actively seek out the shell to settle in? How is the alga
incorporated into the shell matrix? How does the alga
reproduce? Who benefits from this relationship? I
don’t know - maybe the alga benefits by not being
eaten by the jingle or other filter feeders. I hope these
questions might stimulate further research on this
“neglected mollusk.”
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Paul Valentich Scott, Alan Kohn, and Eugene
Coan provided thoughtful comments on this project.
Shawn Larson performed the statistical analyses,
Katherine A. Krogslund completed the
spectrophotometric analyses and Leo Shaw took the
photographs. I thank the Seattle Aquarium for
allowing me to carry out these investigations.
LITERATURE CITED
ABBOTT, R.T.
1974. American Seashells. Van Nostrand Reinhold (N.Y.).
603 pp.
ANDERSON, R.C.
1987. Marine biofouling at the Seattle Aquarium. AAZPA
1987 Annual Proceedings, pp. 253-257.
BIRKELAND C.
1968. Reciprocal interactions between a single prey species,
Ptilosarcus gurney , and its complex of predators. MS
Thesis, University of Washington (Seattle, WA). 68
pp.
CARPENTER, P.P.
1872. The mollusks of western North America. Smithsonian
Institution Miscellaneous Collections 10(252):
325 + 13 + 121.
CARTER, J.G. (ed.).
1990. Skeletal Biomineralization: Patterns, Processes and
Evolutionary Trends. Van Nostrand Reinhold (NY).
832 pp.
CHACE, E.P.
1972. Pododesmus complex on the west coast. The
Tabulata. 5(2): 3-10.
COAN, E.V., P. VALENTICH SCOTT & F.R. BERNARD
2000. Bivalve Seashells of Western North America. Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History (Santa Barbara,
CA). 764 pp.
COOKE, W.J.
1975. The occurrence of an endozoic green alga in the
marine mollusc, Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad,
1837). Phycologia. 14(1): 35-39.
FOSTER, N.R.
1991. Intertidal Bivalves; a Guide to the Common Marine
Bivalves of Alaska. University of Alaska Press
(Fairbanks, AK). 152 pp.
HADERLIE, E.C. & D.P. ABBOTT.
1980. Bivalvia: the clams and allies. In: Morris, R.H., D.P.
Abbott & E.C. Haderlie. Intertidal Invertebrates of
California. Stanford University Press (Stanford, CA).
690 pp.
KELLOGG, J.L.
1915. Ciliary mechanisms of lamellibranchs. Journal of
Morphology. 26: 625-701.
KOZLOFF, E.N.
1983. Seashore Life of the Pacific Northwest; an Illustrated
Guide to Northern California, Oregon, Washington
and British Columbia. University of Washington
Press (Seattle, WA). 370 pp.
MacGENITCE, G.E. & N. MacGINlTTE.
1968. Natural History of Marine animals. McGraw Hill
(NY). 523 pp.
MORTON, J.E.
1967. Molluscs. Hutchinson and Co. (London). 244 pp.
QUAYLE, D.B.
Page 142
THE FESTIVUS
Voi. xxxnqo): 2000
I960. The Intertidal Bivalves of British Columbia.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (Victoria,
B.C.). 104 pp.
RICE, T.
1973. Marine Shells of the Pacific Coast. Erco, Inc.
(Tacoma, WA). 102 pp.
RICKETTS, E.F. & J. CALVIN.
1968. Between Pacific Tides. Stanford University Press
(Stanford, CA). 614 pp.
SMITH, D.L.
1977. A Guide to Marine Coastal Plankton and Marine
Invertebrate Larvae. Kendall/Hunt Publ. (Iowa). 161
pp.
WHITE, J.S.
1976. Seashells of the Pacific Northwest. Binfort and Mort
(Portland, OR). 127 pp.
YONGE, C.M.
1977. Form and evolution in the Anomiacea (Mollusca:
Bivalvia) - Pododesmus, Anorrda, Patro, Enigmonia
(Anomiidae); Placunanomia, Placuna (Placunidae
Fam. Nov.). Royal Society of London, Philosophical
Transactions B276(950): 453-523.
ZANN, L.P.
1980. Living Together in the Sea. T.F.H. Publ. (N.J.). 416
PP-
TABLE 1
MEAN ABSORBANCE (+/- 0.005 absorbance units) OF THE SHELL/ALCOHOL
SOLUTION (N = 10 each)
Depth
500 nm
600 nm
3 m
0.0484
0.0305
30 m
0.0269
0.0196
Aquarium filters
0.0263
0.0198
Note: the color “green” as we see it is 550 nm
Vol. xxxn(10): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 143
THE HABITAT OF PLESIOTHYRE US OSCULANS (C. B. ADAMS, 1852)
(GASTROPODA: PHENACOLEPADIDAE)
CAROL SKOGLUND'
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, California 93105-2936, USA.
E-mail: carolskoglimd@msn.com
C. B. Adams named Crepidula osculans from a
single specimen from an unknown habitat in Panama.
The limpet-like shell was placed in the new genus
Phenacolepas by Pilsbry, 1891, who noted that the
term Phenacolepas means “a deceptive limpet”.
Synonyms are Plesiothyreus cancellata (Pease, 1860),
and P. tenuisculpta (Thiele, 1909) (Christiaens, 1988).
In his monograph on the Phenacolepadidae,
Christiaens (1989), synonomized the genus
Phenacolepas with Plesiothyreus Cossmann, 1888, and
figured the radula. He comments that phenacolepid
specimens are rarely found alive, and that he does not
know if some Phenacolepadidae are parasites as are
some Capulidae.
Little has been written on the habitat of
Plesiothyreus osculans (C. B. Adams, 1852). The
pinkish-red animals, which can be seen through the
shells have tentacles almost as long as their shells (Plate
1 , figure 2). They live in small colonies attached to the
undersides of smooth, clean appearing rocks. These
rocks are deeply bedded in a mixture of gravel and sand
in the intertidal areas where the receding tide leaves a
small stream of water as it ebbs. Animals from Bahia la
Cholla and Puerto Lobos, Sonora, and San Felipe, Baja
California, Mexico, all seem to prefer this habitat. The
fragile shell is clear and almost transparent. The largest
shell in my collection is from Bahia la Cholla, Sonora,
Mexico, and measures 7.4 mm in length.
Keen (1971) gives the distribution of P. osculans
as from the northern end of the Golfo de California,
Mexico, to Panama. This distribution was extended
south to ManabI Province, Ecuador (Shasky, 1984), and
includes Hawaii, Fiji, Hong Kong, Cook Islands,
Reunion, and the Red Sea (Christiaens, 1988). Live
animals were taken in the Islas Las Perlas, Panama
(Skoglund & Koch, 1993).
The photo was taken by the late Paul Skoglund.
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMS, CHARLES B.
1852. Catalogue of shells collected at Panama, with notes on
synonymy, station, and habitat. Annals of the
Lyceum of Natural History of New York 5: 229-549.
CHRISTIAENS, JOSEPH
1988. Revision of the Phenacolepas of the Red Sea. Gloria
Maris, Belgian Society for Malacology 27(5-6): 65-
82, figs. 1-25.
1989. The Phenacolepadidae Gastropoda: Neritoidea Pan 2.
Gloria Maris, Belgian Society for Malacology 28(2-3):
17-48, figs. 1-42.
KEEN, A. MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine
Mollusks from Baja California to Peru. Stanford
University Press, i-xiv + 1064 pp., ca. 4000 figs.
PILSBRY, HENRY A.
1891. On the use of the generic name Scute Ulna. The
Nautilus 5(8): 88-89.
SHASKY, DONALD R.
1984. A preliminary checklist of marine mollusks from
Manabi Province, Ecuador. The Western Society of
Malacologists Annual Report [for 1983] 16: 25-32.
SKOGLUND, CAROL & ROBERT KOCH
1993. New distributional information for Panamic Province
Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca). The Festivus 25(11):
116-118.
'Mailing address: 3846 E. Highland Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85018, USA.
Page 144
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. xxxn(10): 2000
TWO JUVENILE SPONDYLUS SPECIES IN THE
GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
KIM C. HUTSELL1
Associate, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA.
E-mail: khutsell@ix.netcom.com
Two of the most aesthetically pleasing species of
Spondylus in the Golfo de California are Spondylus
princeps (Broderip, 1833) and S. calcifer (Carpenter,
1857). Unfortunately, even the meticulously cleaned
adult specimens of these two species show the scars of
predation and erosion from encrusting organisms.
Normally, spines and surface sculpture on the early
portions of the valves are completely absent on adult
specimens. Longer spines, too, suffer damage from
attempted predation by fish, octopus and rays, or as a
result of careless handling during and after collection.
Few specimens of either species make it into the
collector’s cabinet in pristine condition. The most
spectacular display of S. princeps and S. calcifer can be
seen only in carefully collected juvenile specimens such
as the specimens shown here in Plate 1, figures 3-6.
Spondylus princeps is found from Isla Cedros, on
the Pacific coast of Baja California, Bahia de Los
Angeles on the Baja side of the Golfo de California and
at Isla San Pedro Nolasco, on the mainland side of the
Golfo de California south to Isla La Plata, Ecuador.
Spondylus calcifer ranges from the upper Golfo de
California at Puerto Lobos to Peru.
For further information on these remarkable
bivalves, see “The genus Spondylus (Bivalvia:
Spondylidae) of the Panamic Province” by Skoglund &
Mulliner (1996) [The Festivus 28(9): 93-107, 4 color
plates].
'Mailing address: 5804 Lauretta St., M2, San Diego, CA 92110-1670, USA.
FIGURE LEGEND
Plate 1, figures 1-6. Figure 1. Pododesmus macrochisma , a random assortment of the top shells of the green false-jingle from 3 m deep and
30 m deep showing their green color, some of which is due to algae in the shells. Photo: Leo Shaw, Seattle Aquarium. Figure 2. Plesiothyreus
osculans, 7 mm, Bahia la Cholla, Sonora, Mexico. Photo: Paul Skoglund. Figures 3, 4. Spondylus princeps, 32.2 mm juvenile, taken in 40
m on rock rubble off Isla Danzante, Golfo de California. Figure 5. Spondylus calcifer, 41.5 juvenile, taken in 10 m on coralline algae rubble
in Bahia Concepcion, Golfo de California. Figure 6. S. calcifer, 37.5 mm juvenile, taken in 10 m on coralline algae rubble in Bahia Concepcion.
Photos 3-6: taken by Linda Hutsell with a Sony Mavica 88 digital camera.
Vol. XXXII(IO): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 145
Mi $
m iU
1 ft iJr l
The Festivus
AM. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIBRARY
Received on: 10-24-00
QL401
.F4ia
v. XXXII
no. 11
November
9, 2000
THE FESTIVUS
A publication of the San Diego Shell Club
Volume: XXXII
November 9, 2000
ISSN 0738-9388
Number: 11
CLUB OFFICERS
President
Vice President
Secretary (Corres.)
Secretary (Record.)
Treasurer
Past President
CLUB STAFF
Historian
Librarian
Michael L. Mason
Kim Hutsell
Mark Scott
Silvana Vollero
Linda L. Hutsell
Terry S. Arnold
Linda Hutsell
FESTIVUS STAFF
Editor Carole M. Hertz
Business Manager Jules Hertz
Photographer David K. Mulliner
MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION
Annual dues are payable to San Diego Shell Club.
Membership (includes family). Domestic $15.00;
Overseas (surface mail): $20.00, (air mail): $30.00;
Mexico/ Canada (surface mail): $18.00, (air mail): $20.00.
Address all correspondence to the San Diego Shell Club, Inc.,
c/o 3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
The Festivus is published monthly except December.
The publication date appears on the masthead above.
Single copies of this issue: $5.00 plus postage.
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD
Rudiger Bieler
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Henry W. Chaney
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Eugene V. Coan
Research Associate
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
Douglas J. Eemisse
California State University, Fullerton
William K. Emerson
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Terrence M. Gosliner
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
George L. Kennedy
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University,
James H. McLean
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Barry Roth
Research Associate
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Paul Valentich Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Emily H. Vokes
Emerita, Tulane University, New Orleans
Website at: http://www.molluscs.net/SanDiegoShell Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM,
Club/index. html Email: cmhertz@pacbell.net Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego
PROGRAM
Abalone in Time and Space
Daniel Geiger, of the Los Angeles County Museum geography, fossil record and placement of Haliotidae in
of Natural History, will give a presentation on the bio- Vetigastropoda. His talk will be accompanied by slides.
Election of Officers
Meeting date: November 16, 2000
CONTENTS
Club news 148
Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) (Bivalvia: Mactridae) a first report from the Panamic Province
Carol Skoglund . . 149
Range extensions and size records of bivalves from the Panamic Province in the Norrid Collection
Charlotte Carey Norrid 151
A reoccurrence of Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby I, 1835) in California
Kim C. Hutsell 153
In Memoriam: Robert Koch 154
Selected index to 2000 155
Map for detaching
Page 148
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
CLUB NEWS
Minutes of the
San Diego Shell Club Meeting - October 19, 2000
The meeting was called to order at 7:40 P.M. by
Vice President Kim Hutsell. After introduction of
guests there was a brief business meeting during which
the slate of officers for 2001 was presented. They are
as follows: President, Kim Hutsell; Vice President,
Jules Hertz, Recording Secretary, Silvana Vollero;
Corresponding Secretary, Monika Fomer; Treasurer,
Linda Hutsell. Nominations from the floor and election
of officers will take place at the November meeting.
Kim then introduced the speaker for the evening,
Paul Valentich Scott of the Santa Barbara Museum of
Natural History. Chairs were set up in an informal
discussion circle and Paul gave insights on the many
kinds of books and the ins and outs of writing one based
on his experiences. Members asked many questions and
also contributed their ideas. John Jackson, who is a
publisher, gave additional insights into the processes of
preparing color plates. It was an interesting exchange
of ideas.
The shell drawing was won by Joanne Romer and
the delicious refreshments were provided by President
Mike Mason, who had to work but dashed in to bring
the goodies. Following the meeting there was time to
enjoy the beautiful shell displays by Mark Scott and
guest Mark Kirwin as well as the sweets.
The Club’s Annual Christmas Dinner Party
The Club Christmas Party will be held on Saturday
evening December 2nd in the Crystal Room of the
Admiral Kidd Club with festivities beginning at 6:00
p.m. and dinner at 7:00 p.m. A map to the Club is on
the last page of this issue.
There are three choices of entree: Prime Rib of
Beef (English Cut au jus). Chicken Kiev (boneless
breast of chicken with herb-flavored butter) or Broiled
Halibut (steak with lemon butter sauce). All are served
with tossed green salad, bread and butter, vegetable,
coffee and/or tea. Dessert choices are: Old fashioned
Cherry Cobbler or New York Style Cheesecake.
The cost of the dinner including gratuity is $21 .00.
Reservations with check and listing of choice of entree
and dessert must be received by November 27th .
As is customary, there will be a shell gift
exchange. Bring a gift-wrapped shell with only very
general locality on the outside (data should be inside)
to place under the tree. Only those who bring a gift
can participate. Plan to come to the Christmas Party -
it is always a very special event!
FIFTH ANNUAL GATHERING OF SCUM OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
(SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA UNIFIED MALACOLOGISTS)
Saturday January 20th , Times Mirror Room - 10 AM
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007
Hosts: George Davis and Lindsey Groves
SCUM, an informal association of Southern
California professional, amateur, and student
malacologists and paleontologists, active or interested in
molluscan research, meets annually to keep one another
informed of research activities and opportunities. There
are no dues, no officers, and no publications.
This year's meeting will be at the Natural History
Museum of Los Angeles Country. All persons interested
in Recent and/or fossil mollusks are invited. Informal
presentations and discussions covering current research
interests are encouraged. (Attendees will have a
surprise presentation.) A slide projector and/or
overhead projector will be available.
Coffee, tea, and breakfast somethings will be
provided. We will break for lunch at noon. The
Curator's Cafe (the museum cafeteria) will be open as
will other food establishments nearby.
Parking in the Museum's east Lot will be free;
mention at the staff entrance that you are with SCUM.
Please phone, FAX, or e-mail your RSVP so we
can have enough ‘breakfast somethings’ on hand.
Contact either: George E. Davis, Ph.: 213-763-3450;
FAX: 213-746-2999; e-mail: gdavis@nhm.org or
Lindsey T. Groves, Ph.: 213-763-3376 (Malacology),
213-744-3485 (Invert. Paleontology); FAX: 213-
746-2999; e-mail: lgroves@nhm.org
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 149
RAETA PLICATELLA (LAMARCK, 1818) (BIVALVIA: MACTRIDAE)
A FIRST REPORT FROM THE PANAMIC PROVINCE
CAROL SKOGLUND1
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road,
Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
E-mail: carolskoglund@msn.com
The known distribution of Raeta plicatella
(Lamarck, 1818) has been along the Atlantic coast from
North Carolina to Florida, Texas, and from the West
Indies to Argentina, in 3 to 6 m (Abbott, 1974). This
is the first report of its occurrence within the Panamic
Province.
Harry (1969) figured the shell and described the
anatomy. He also listed the following species as
synonyms of R. plicatella : Lutraria canaliculata Say,
1822; Mactra campechensis Gray, 1825; and Raeta
perspicua Hutton, 1873.
Three lots of Raeta plicatella in the Skoglund
Collection came from within a few miles of each other
around Bahia Matenchen, Nayarit, Mexico. I found two
complete specimens and three valves in the drift at the
high tide line at Playa Matenchen in December 1965
(Figure 1). The same area was collected earlier by Iva
Barker in 1962. Barker collected a total of 16 valves
which she later glued into mismatched pairs. My
husband Paul and I dredged on the far side of the bay
from Santa Cruz toward Platanitos in both 1978 and
1979. We took nine valves (Figure 2). I also found a
single valve far to the north at Puerto Lobos, Cabo
Tepoca, Sonora, in 1969. No live specimens were
taken.
All of the above shells were in the Skoglund
Collection, but some have now been placed in
museums. The California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco, has a single valve from the dredged lot
(CASIZ 121634) and the Bailey-Matthews Shell
Museum, Florida, has two of the Barker mismatched
pairs (15001).
In addition, I have seen several lots, collected by
old friends, that are now at the Santa Barbara Museum
Figure 1. Raeta plicatella, specimen 32.5 mm maximum length,
Playa Matenchen, Nayarit, Mexico. Photo: D.K. Mulliner.
of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California: 1 pair
from the Margaret Cunningham Collection trawled by
shrimpers near Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, in 1961
(SBMNH 134765); 20 valves collected by Gertrude and
Ervin Wahrenbrock at Playa Novillero, Nayarit, in 1970
(SBMNH 345471); 2 pair collected by Ervin
Wahrenbrock at Teacapan, Nayarit, in February, 1967
(SBMNH 134157) and 1 pair collected by Ted Phillips
at Ensenada Blanca, San Felipe, Baja California,
Mexico, in 1972 (SBMNH 345472). The Phillips
specimen was the largest seen, with a length of 67 mm
and a height of 50 mm.
There was no other collecting data on any of the
museum lots, but from knowing the collectors, I can
safely say that all except the Cunningham lot were
found by beach combing. Many of us loved the more
'Mailing address: 3846 E. Highland Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Page 150
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. xxxn(ll): 2000
Figure 2. Raeta plicatella, interior of 2 valves, dredged in 6-18 m,
mud bottom, Santa Cruz to Platanitos, Nayarit, Mexico. Photo: D.K.
Mulliner.
than 40 miles of flat beach at Playa Novillero where you
could drive safely on the hard sand and find a thick
windrow of shells at the high tide line. Teacapan is just
across an estuary at the north end of Playa Novillero
and shellers, including the Wahrenbrocks, who stayed
there would get a local boatman to take them across to
the far north end of Playa Novillero where they would
collect.
Raeta plicatella occupies a small area in Nayarit,
Mexico, from Bahia Matenchen in the south to Playa
Novillero in the north. A few scattered lots would seem
to bring the species north in the Golfo de California to
Puerto Lobos and San Felipe, but I would prefer to wait
for more material from the Golfo de California to be
certain.
Dr. Jose Leal of the Bailey-Matthews Shell
Museum identified the shells. Paul Valentich Scott
loaned material from the Santa Barbara Museum of
Natural History. David K. Mulliner took the
photographs. My thanks to all of them.
LITERATURE CITED
ABBOTT, R. TUCKER
1974. American Seashells; the Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic
and Pacific Coasts of North America. 2nd ed. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 663 pp., 24 pis.,
numerous text figs.
HARRY, HAROLD, W.
1969. Anatomical notes on the mactrid bivalve Raeta plicatella
Lamarck, 1818, with a review of the genus Raeta and
related genera. The Veliger 12(1): 1-23, figs. 1-20.
Announcement of a Supplement to Volume 32 of The Festivus
The Festivus is pleased to announce the upcoming supplement to Volume 32 by Carol
Skoglund entitled,
Panamic Province Molluscan Literature : Additions and Changes
from 1971 through 2000 I. Bivalvia II. Polyplacophora
This book of over 140 pages will be released early in 2001 and will be available free of
charge to all interested current (2000) member/subscribers. The supplement updates the bivalves
and chitons in Keen’s (1971) Sea Shells of Tropical West America and includes all the information
in Skoglund’ s (1991) Additions to the Panamic Province Bivalve (Mollusca ) Literature 1971 to
1990 and her (1989) Additions to the Panamic Province Chiton Literature - 1971 through 1988.
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 151
RANGE EXTENSIONS AND SIZE RECORDS
OF BIVALVES FROM THE PANAMIC PROVINCE
IN THE NORRID COLLECTION
CHARLOTTE CAREY NORRID
233 East Cairo Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
E-mail: hcnorrid2@aol.com
For the past thirty-five years, my husband Hal and
I have traveled around Mexico. We enjoyed meeting
the people and learning about their cultural background,
we visited the Aztec and Mayan ruins, and most of all
we enjoyed camping, swimming, snorkeling, and
shelling on the beautiful beaches of the Golfo de
California and Baja California.
We have retired from active shelling, so I thought
it would be a good time to inventory the shells in our
collection. I have completed the list of the bivalves and
entered each species found into the computer. Each
shell's description and its location were compared to the
description found in Keen (1971) and to modifications
found in Skoglund (1991). The size of the largest shell
from each species was compared to the listings in the
Registry of World Record Size Shells by Hutsell,
Hutsell, & Pisor (1999).
I was delighted to fmd that we have three range
extensions and twelve shells of record size. Several of
the size records were for species not listed in the
Registry , so I imagine if other readers submit the
measurements for their shells, some of my records will
not stand. The range extensions were to locations in the
Golfo de California that were not mentioned in Keen
(1971) nor modified by Skoglund (1991).
I want to thank Carol Skoglund for confirming the
identification and measurements of the shells and my
husband Hal Norrid for pulling up the sometimes very
heavy dredge in sometimes very rough seas.
RANGE EXTENSIONS
Keen no. Species and Remarks
295 Diplodonta cornea (Reeve, 1850), six valves
found at El Golfo, Sonora, in 1974, largest
measuring 19.3 mm. Keen (1971) noted that the
shell was not common north of San Ignacio,
Baja California. Gemmell, Myers & Hertz (1987)
list this species in the San Felipe, Baja California
area. This brings the range across the Golfo de
California from San Felipe to El Golfo.
414 Pitar frizzelli Hertlein & Strong, 1948, valves
found off Isla Danzante, Golfo de California,
dredged in 45-75 m in 1991, and dredged in 60-
90 m at Isla Smith, Bahia de los Angeles, Baja
California in 1993. Nine valves collected, largest
43 x 33.2 mm. Keen (1971) noted only a few
specimens had been dredged off the southern end
of the Golfo de California. F. and L. Poorman
(1988) extended the distribution north to Bahia
San Carlos, Sonora. This extends the range
across the Golfo de California to Baja California.
— Solamen megas (Dali, 1897), two valves, the
larger 30 mm, dredged in 60-90 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, in 1991.
Distribution from Santa Barbara Islands,
California, into the Golfo de California and south
to Panama. Size given as 26 mm. This species
has long been confused with Crenella
columbianum Dali, 1903 (Coan, Valentich Scott
& Bernard, 2000). This is both a range extension
and a size record.
SIZE RECORDS
9 Ennucula Columbiana (Dali, 1908), a 9 mm
valve was dredged in 100 m off Isla Danzante,
Golfo de California, in 1995. Previous published
Page 152
THE FESTIVUS
Voi. xxxnqi): 2000
size, 4.5 mm (Keen, 1971). Bernard (1983) lists
the holotype at 6 mm.
271 Here excavata (Carpenter, 1857), a 20.7 mm
valve, dredged in 60-90 m off Isla Smith, Bahia
de los Angeles, Baja California, in 1993. Keen
(1971) lists an immature shell at 10 mm.
350 Chama sordida Broderip, 1835, cluster of valves,
largest 45 mm, dredged in 60-90 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, after 1980.
Length listed in Keen (1971) is 37 mm.
403 Pilar perfragilis (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), 3
valves, largest 13 mm, dredged in 150 m off Isla
Smith, Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California in
1992. Draper (1972) lists the size as 11.4 mm.
460 Lirophora mariae (Orbigny, 1846), group of
valves, largest 29.5 mm, dredged in 100 m off
Isla Danzante, Golfo de California, after 1980.
Keen (1971) gives size as 23 mm.
503 Mulinia coloradoensis Dali, 1894, several valves,
largest 70 x 49 mm, found in Teacapan, Sinaloa,
in 1981. Size given in Draper (1987) is 63.4
mm.
509 Tellina carpenteri Dali, 1900, several valves,
largest 27.6 mm, dredged in 125 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, in 1991. Keen
(1971) lists size as 25 mm. Hutsell, Hutsell &
Pisor erroneously list a 49.5 mm shell. That
shell was misidentified (Skoglund, pers. comm.,
August 2000).
517 Tellina meropsis Dali, 1900, several valves,
largest 19.2 mm, dredged in 50 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, in 1994. Draper
(1987) lists size as 15.1 mm.
529 Tellina inaequistriata Donovan, 1802, several
pairs of valves, largest 24 mm, dredged in 60-90
m off Isla Danzante, Golfo de California, after
1980. Keen (1971 lists size as 23 mm.
546 Tellina pristiphora Dali, 1900, many valves,
largest 41 mm, dredged in 100 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, in 1991. Keen
(1971) lists size as 36 mm.
552 Tellina zacae Hertlein & Strong, 1949, largest
valve 44 x 22 mm, dredged in 60-90 m off Isla
Danzante, Golfo de California, in 1992. Keen
(1971) lists size as 33 x 15 mm.
LITERATURE CITED
BERNARD, FRANK R.
1983. Catalogue of the living Bivalvia of the eastern Pacific
Ocean: Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Canadian Special
Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 1-
102.
COAN, EUGENE V., PAUL VALENTICH SCOTT AND FRANK
R. BERNARD
2000. Bivalve Seashells of Western North America, Marine
Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja
California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Monographs No. 2. Studies in Biodiversity No. 2.,
764 pp., 124 pis.
DRAPER, BERTRAM C.
1972. Check list of shells found in scrapings from Spondylus
princeps taken at a depth of 40 feet, southeast of Santa
Rosalia, Baja California, 1969. The Festivus 3(4): 5-7.
1987. Lost Operculum Club list of champions. Conchological
Club of Southern California: 1-43 pp.
GEMMELL, JOYCE, BARBARA W. MYERS & CAROLE M.
HERTZ
1987. A faunal study of the bivalves of San Felipe and
environs. Gulf of California, from the Gemmell
collection (1965 to 1976). The Festivus 18 (Suppl.): 1-
72, figs. 1-78.
HUTSELL, KIM C., LINDA L. HUTSELL & DONALD L. PISOR
1999. Registry of World Record Size Shells, Second Edition,
Snail’s Pace Productions, San Diego, California,
U.S.A.: i-vii +132 pp.
KEEN, MYRA
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Second Edition.
Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. i-xiv + 1064
pp., ca. 4000 figs., 22 color pis.
POORMAN, FORREST L. & LEROY H. POORMAN
1988. A report of the molluscan species in the San Carlos
rectangle, Sonora, Mexico, collected by Forrest L. and
Leroy H. Poorman from December 1953 to December
1983. The Festivus 20(6): 47-63, 1 map.
SKOGLUND, CAROL
1991. Additions to the Panamic Province Bivalve (Mollusca)
Literature, 1971 - 1990. The Festivus 22 (Suppl. 2): 1-
74.
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 153
A REOCCURRENCE OF NODIPECTEN SUBNODOSUS
(SOWERBY I, 1835) IN CALIFORNIA
KIM C. HUTSELL1
Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,
2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105-2936, USA
E-mail: khutsell@ix.netcom.com
In July of 2000, Paul Kanner of Los Angeles,
California contacted me with information concerning
two scallops collected off the California coast. He was
certain the species was Nodipecten subnodosus
(Sowerby I, 1835). Since the northern most range for
this species normally doesn’t extend beyond the 28th
parallel on the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico,
Kanner extended an invitation to examine the shells. A
few weeks later, I had the opportunity to visit Paul at
his home where he explained the circumstances under
which the two specimens were found.
While on a dive trip to San Clemente Island, diver
Shanna Holzer collected the paired valves of two dead
scallops in an area known as “Little Flower”
(approximately 32°50'N, 118°21.8’W). The first
specimen was found on June 9th and the second on June
10*. Both specimens were on sand between rocks at a
depth of 17 to 18 m (55-60 ft). Holzer noted that the
first specimen was very clean while the second was
heavily encrusted, indicating to her that the animals had
died at different times. Kanner went on to explain that
Holzer was not a shell collector, so she had given one
of the specimens to another diver and brought one to
him for identification. Paul was kind enough to retrieve
the other specimen and make both available to me for
examination and photographs. The specimen figured is
the second of the two N. subnodosus collected by
Holzer at San Clemente.
It is infrequent but not unusual that a species
sometimes appears outside its normal range. N.
subnodosus , in fact, once thrived in the coastal waters
of what is now Southern Californian. Fossil specimens
have been reported from the Cenozoic as far north as
the Channel Islands off Los Angeles, California (J. T.
Smith, 1989). Coan & Scott (2000: 242-243, pi. 45) cite
a report from California Fish and Game (Strachan et
al., 1968) in which N. subnodosus occurs as far north
as Santa Catalina Island during El Nino years. But the
occurrence of Recent N. subnodosus in this area is rare.
Few collectors are aware that N. subnodosus occurs off
of Southern California and fewer still have actually seen
a recently collected specimen.
Nodipecten subnodosus, 111.8 mm H, 119.4 mm W. Photo: Linda
Hutsell.
LITERATURE CITED
COAN, EUGENE V., PAUL VALENTICH SCOTT & FRANK R.
BERNARD
2000. Bivalve Shells of Western North America. Santa Barbara
1 Mailing address: 5804 Lauretta Street #2, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
Page 154
THE FESTIVUS
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
Museum of Natural History Monographs No. 2, Studies in
Biodiversity No. 2, viii + 764 pp., 124 pis.
SMITH, JUDITH TERRY
1991. Cenozoic giant pectinids from California and the Tertiary
Caribbean Province: Lyropecten, “Macrochlamys, ”
Vertipecten, and Nodipecten species. United States,
Department of the Interior, Geological Survey,
Professional Paper 1391: 155 pp., 38 pis.
STRACHAN, ALEC R., CHARLES H. TURNER & CHARLES T.
MITCHELL
1968. Two fishes and a mollusk, new to California’s marine
fauna, with comments regarding other anomalous
occurrences. California Fish and Game 54(1): 49-57.
IN MEMORIAM
ROBERT KOCH
1923-2000
It is with great sadness that we report the passing on September 29th of Robert Koch,
longtime Club member, supporter of The Festivus and good friend. Bob was an avid student of
Panamic gastropods, especially enjoying micromollusks which he carefully sorted and identified
under his microscope and arranged in his cabinets as gems in a jewel case. Bob and his wife
Wendy took many trips to Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica and other areas of the Panamic Province
hunting the elusive sea shell. It was on one of those trips that Bob discovered an undescribed typhid
species which was later described and, at his request, named for Wendy.
One trip to Costa Rica found the Koch, Skoglund and Hertz families together in Playas del
Coco in Guanacaste Province. We were in a small, lovely hotel which we had almost to ourselves.
We spent the days at the beach shore collecting and dredging, the late afternoons discussing our
exciting finds, and the evenings enjoying wonderful meals. It is a precious memory.
Our hearts go out to Wendy and their three sons, Robert, Richard and James.
Bob’s beautiful and scientifically valuable collection has been donated to the Santa Barbara
Museum of Natural History where it will be available to researchers. His short papers, many with
amusing titles, made for enjoyable and informative reading in The Festivus during the first half of
the 1990s. They are listed below.
1990. Panamic puzzles: those terrifying turbonillas. 22(5): 63-70, figs. 1-5 + illustrated key.
1991a. A new distribution for Lepidozona (Lepidozona ) skoglundi (Ferreira, 1986) (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). 23(3):
25.
1991b. A question of size: a note on dwarfing in Typhisopsis coronatus and Typhisala grandis. 23(5): 39.
1991c. Panamic puzzles: a didymous Terebra petiverianaP 23(6): 42-44, figs. 1-12.
1992a. Panamic puzzles: Terebra argosyia and T. robusta. 24(1): 3-7, figs. 1-4.
1992b. Panamic puzzles: Oliva kerstitchi — yes, no or maybe? 24(3): 31-33, figs. 1-5.
1992c. Panamic puzzles: those peripatetic eulimids. 24(9): 97-100, figs. 1-4.
1993a. Panamic puzzles: a singular Cingulina. 25(4): 39-41, figs. 1-4.
1993b. Geographic locations supplementing "Additions to the Panamic Province gastropod (Mollusca) literature -
1971-1992" by Carol Skoglund. 25(7): 60-64.
1994. Panamic puzzles; a question of assignment ( Odostomia vs. Turbonilla). 26(5): 53-55, figs. 1-6.
1996a. Panamic puzzles: those enigmatic A laba. 27(1): 7-9, figs. 1-5, 1 table.
1996b. Panamic puzzles: valid or variant vitrinellids? 27(3): 30-31, figs. 1-4.
Vol. XXXII(ll): 2000
THE FESTIVUS
Page 155
A SELECTED INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII (2000)
ANDERSON, ROLAND C.
Algae in shells of Pododesmus macrochisma (Deshayes,1839) 139
BERTSCH, HANS, ORSO ANGULO CAMPILLO & JOSE LUIS ARREOLA
New distributional records of opisthobranchs from the Punta Eugenia region of the Baja California Peninsula:
a report based on 1997-1998 CONABIO-sponsored expeditions 99
BISHOP, JOHN A.
A record size for the razor clam Siliqua patula 77
BRYCE, CLAY
The Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) - a preliminary and brief account of molluscan finds resulting from
a recent expedition 71
CHANEY HENRY W. (reviewer)
Book News: Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell Bearing Mollusca of Japan 11
Book News: The Wentletrap Book: Guide to the Recent Epitoniidae of the World by Weil, Brown & Neville 24
DETHLOFF, GINGER
Katherine “Kate” Stephens (c. 1853-1954) 127
FOSTER, NORA (reviewer)
Book news: Bivalve Seashells of Western North America ... by Coan, Valentich Scott & Bernard 135
GROVES, LINDSEY T.
List of cypraeoidean and trivioidean literature 1994 through 1999 39
Catalog of Recent and fossil Cypraeidae and Eocypraeinae (Ovulidae): 1994 through 1999 116
HERTZ, CAROLE M. (editor)
Correction to Skoglund (1999): The gemsAlexania (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) in the Golfo de California, Mexico .... 2
The Veliger-Stohler Memorial Fund 104
Addition and Correction 115
In Memoriam: Bertram C. Draper 136
In Memoriam: Robert Koch 154
HERTZ, CAROLE M., JOYCE GEMMELL & BARBARA W. MYERS
Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the San Felipe area, Baja California, Mexico, in the Gemmell Collection .... 81
HERTZ, CAROLE M. & BARBARA W. MYERS
An unusual population of Muricopsis pauxillus (A. Adams, 1854) at Platanitos, Nayarit, Mexico 22
HERTZ, JULES
New distributional records from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico 15
Fourth annual SCUM meeting 33
Report of the combined AMS/WSM meeting 133
HUTSELL, KIM C.
Report of COA 2000 138
Two juvenile Spondylus species in the Golfo de California, Mexico 144
A reoccurrence of Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby, I, 1835) in California 153
MULLINER, MARGARET
New molluscan range extensions and an undescribed thyasirid from Isla San Marcos in the Golfo de California,
Mexico Ill
MYERS, BARBARA W.
New distributional record for Favartia (Murexiella) mildredae Poorman, 1980 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) 9
New distribution records for two species of Muricopsis (Muricidae) from the Panamic Province 37
NORRID, CHARLOTTE CAREY
Range extensions and size records of bivalves from the Panamic Province in the Norrid Collection 151
SKOGLUND, CAROL
Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847 (Bivalvia: Spondylidae) in the Panamic Province, with notes on the occurrence
of Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 3
Growth series of three species of Pitar (Hysteroconcha) with comments on a fourth species (Bivalvia: Veneridae)
from the Panamic Province 27
The habitat of Plesiothyreus osculans (C.B. Adams, 1852) (Gastropoda: Phenacolepadidae) 143
Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) (Bivalvia: Mactridae) a first report from the Panamic Province 149
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