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HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY

THE

FIRST BOOK

or

HOMER’S ILIAD,

WITH A LITERAL

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION,

ILLUSTRATED WITH NOTES:

ON

THE PLAN RECOMMENDED BY MR. LOCKE

A NEW EDITION.

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR JOHN TAYLOR,
Bookseller and Publisher to the Wnibersity of Bondon.

30, Urrzr Gower Srreer.

1834.

a sa =" hacen
Harvar.| O ll: ve Ty ogee
July 1, 1914.
Bequest of
Georgina Lowell Putnam

Gh 62. 504

ATER

LONDON :
PRINTED BY STEWART AND CO.
O1n BAILEY.

ADVERTISEMENT

TO THE

SECOND EDITION.

CONSIDERING the very flattering encouragement
which the former edition of this little volume has
experienced, we have felt that it would be an
unpardonable negligence on our part to spare
any- pains that might conduce to perfectionate
the system, of which this Interlinear Translation
forms the first Part. For the numerous commu-
nications with which we have been favoured
since the first publication, we beg to express our
sincere. thanks ; as nothing can be more acceptable
than any hint which may be given to ensure the
a

vi ADVERTISEMENT.

more effective operation of the method we propose.
If some intimations from our friends should not
appear from subsequent alterations to have re-
ceived that consideration which was due to
them, we beg leave to assure them that it should
not be attributed to any insensibility to the value
of such suggestions, but rather to the difficulty of
combining in one compact mass the conflicting
details which must always be expected from a
variety of opinions on a new subject. At the
same time we confess that some part of this
difficulty is attributable solely to our own delay, in
not having earlier presented to the public a
more detailed explanation of the plan we.have
long: since: marked: :out::for:: ourselves: ‘and: we
trust.:that:-many ‘reasonable: queries -have .ibeen
answered in the:remarks introductory to the Pars-
inc Lessons for the'|Znetdjnow lately published ;
rematks in great’ medsure ‘applicable to:the.. pre-
sent volume, though we have not! on this ‘account
deferred the. appearance of similar Lessons: for this
Book of: the Ikad. .In an. undertaking like the
present; uniformity:of design and execution .must

be allowed to be not so much.an incidental ad-

ADVERTISEMENT, Vil

vantage, as an indispensable requisite for its suc-
cessful progress. And although we shall gladly
adopt any improvement consistent with unity of
method, we: must endeavour to keep in. view this
important consideration throughout . any slight
changes that may seem. expedient. Some altera-
tions have indeed; been. made in this Part since
the appearance of the first Edition, with a view to
render‘it conformable to the more extended range
of illustration. we thought proper to assume in
our subsequent publications. Much care has also
been bestowed in. reforming the language of the
Translation, wherever it might seem deficient in .
perspicuity or force: We have, not, however,
attempted to refine- upon the diction of our
Author, :even in the rendering of phrases pecu-
liarly adapted to the simplicity of ancient manners.
Accordingly,. many expressions will be found in
the translation, which may sourid harsh and un-
poetical to modern ears: but we trust it is suffi-
cient to repeat that*the object of these publi-
cations is not, by means of translation, to provide
for the English reader a substitute for the Poetry
of the Classics, but to enable him to perceive
a 2

viii ADVERTISEMENT.

and appreciate their beauties without the aid of
so imperfect a reflector. For the satisfaction of
all those, who in the purchase of successive Edi-
tions might find inconvenience from continual
alteration, we take this opportunity of stating that
no further changes will be made in this respect :
as the sheets will henceforth be preserved entire in
Stereotype plates. The large demand which we
have found for these little volumes has made such
a measure absolutely necessary, in order to prevent
the delay which would otherwise attend the re-
printing of each work. The plan in its maturer
, 8tate 1s now before the Public ; and we are gratified
to find that those very points, wherein it differs
exclusively from other methods of the day pro-
fessedly of similar intention—in combining close
and perspicuous translation with discursive anno-
tation and practical analysis— are generally con-
sidered as its highest recommendation. We need
scarcely assure our friends we shall endeavour to
merit a continuance of this preference by unre-
mitted attention to the clear and satisfactory deve-
lopment of the further details of the system.

December, 1827.

PREFACE
TO THE FIRST EDITION.

‘We need not add our voice to the many by which the present
School System of Classical instruction is condemned. Suf-
ficient has been said to create a general wish for its improvement,
and the age is now too forward in every other department of
knowledge to suffer its advance in this to be much longer re-
tarded. The wonder is that some change has not been made long
ago, seeing that for centuries the same charges have been
brought against it which are now so prevalent, and some of the
same corrections have been proposed which are now offered
as modern discoveries. But perhaps the course of instruction
-having been prescribed in many of our endowed grammar schools,
by the deed of their foundation, may account for this. With
others, however, that could be no argument; and yet in these the
system is the same. Our earnest wish is, that in all which are free
to change, a change may be made; the rest will follow in time.
But the question is, what change would we propose? We are
almost tempted to reply, that any alteration must be for the
better; but being sincerely desirous to effect a real improvement
in our present school system ; and for that purpose having given
the subject a long and anxious consideration, we shall state in
express terms the methods by which we conceive so important an
object may be attained.

Locxe’s EASY Meruup or AcqurirRInGc LanouaGes

forms the ground-work of our system. Locke was a member

of the University of Oxford, and, we need not add, one of its

greatest ornaments: he knew well the errors of the old system,

and, with Herculean vigour, attempted to remove them. His

object was to initiate the pupil generally into the knowledge of a

Janguage before he troubled him with the Rules of Syntax and
a 3

x PREFACE

Prosody; and the medium by which he proposed to give him this
initiatory knowledge, was that of Interlinear Translations. He
recommended “ taking some easy and pleasant book, such as
JEsop’s Fables, and writing the English Translation, made as
literal as it can be, in one line and the Latin words which answer
each of them just over it in another :” and he appears to have
executed such a translation; for soon after his death, appeared
Esop’s Fables, in Latin and English, Interlineary, for the benefit
of those who not having a master would learn either of these tongues.
By John Locke, Gent. The second edition of this curious work
is now before us: it is strictly literal as be enjoins, but never
sacrifices English sense or grammar to express a foreign idiom ;
and in this respect, therefore, it differs essentially from Mr. Hamil-
ton’s translations, the hint for which might otherwise have been
thought to be borrowed from Locke. But Mr. Hamilton very
properly challenges to himself originality, because of those bar-
barisms*® which he makes use of, and which, as he justly observes,

* To shew what we mean by this word, we subjoin a specimen from
the Greek and English Gospel of St. John.

7. At we ixipevoy ltowravreg abroy, dvaxinbag elore
But when they did remain asking him, stooped-ing up he said
xpdc abrotc: ‘O advapdpryrog Univ, xpwrog Badirw rdy Adov
mpe them: The withoutsin o you, rst casted he the stone
ix’ abry.
upon to her.

8. Kal wddtey inpag Kare é y ec rihy yiiy.
And again, ce oe downwards, he Yertente into the Leta.

9. Ai ot dxovoayrec, cal Edeyxspevor urd Tig cuveadncewe,
But the heard-ing, and being charged by ofthe conscience;

tEnpyovro ele cad’ ele Gusvos awd rev woecBuripwy Fw
did came out one after one, nt from of the peopurip until
trav boydrwy' cai 6 ‘Inootg raredeigSn pévoc, cal
Trthe Nast, and the Jeous” was Toft Lohind alone, and the weal
iorioa iv pb
having stood in to middle.

10. At & ‘Inootg dvaxiac, cai Seacduevog pndtva wry

But the Jesus stooped-ingup, and sawing no one except

ric yvvanis, elvey durg? ‘H yvvij, wrod elow ixeivos ot
of the woman, hesaid to her: The woman, where are they the
carhnyopoi cov; ovdeic carixpevey ct;
cours of thee , no one judged against thee ?

TO THE FIRST EDITION. xi

are not to be found in any other versions. This little work of
Locke’s has been the model of our interlinear Translations, as his
method is the basis of our system. We have copied even his way
of denoting the pronunciation of the Latin, by means of which
the learner is never in danger of speaking incorrectly ; and, unless
he were required to make Latin verses, would not have occasion
to study Prosody. So also with regard to Grammar, it is taught
already, by Locke’s method of translation, to those who know
English grammar; for every word, as far as possible, is rendered
in its corresponding part of speech, even to the cases of nouns
and the tenses of verbs; and where this cannot be done, the ex-
~ ception being noted, makes the rule the plainer: so that Syntax,
that part of grammar which most perplexes a learner, is post-
poned in our system till a later period —and all that engages the
pupil’s attention in the earlier stage of his progress in the mean-
ing of Latin words and their usual inflections. He is placed on
the footing of a child learning its native tongue, to whom the
sense of words’with their forms is alone a sufficient study, and
by whom a knowledge of English Syntax is not attempted to be
gained till this foundation is perfectly secured.

We differ, however, in one point, from our great authority.
Locke, no doubt, chose the low-Latin prose sop, because the
English translation was a familiar book to the young learner; we
prefer taking such works only as are purely classical. If one is
too hard in the subject-matter, or style, for the pupil, let him begin
with another which may be easier—our object is to give him the
opportunity of reading all the best works in every language, and
for that purpose we shall present him with a portion of each
author; but having done this, we do not mean to leave him with-
out the option of going further with us if he desires it. We
shall publish, in all probability, more than one part of most
authors: the extent, in fact, of our proceedings in this way, will
depend upon the encouragement we meet with: and if our friends
will communicate to us, through our publishers, any hints by
which the details of the system may be better accommodated to
their wishes, we shall be happy to give them due attention.

When the foundation has been thus laid, and the learner is
become generally acquainted with the nature and genius of the

Xii PREFACE

Latin tongue,® as well as tolerably familiar with the meaning of
most Latin words, we next introduce him to a metHOD of CoNn-
STRUING, Without the aid of any English Translation. His
previous knowledge was merely that of acquisition : here he be-
gins to put forth power. He had his guide continually by his
side in the Interlinear translations: here he goes alone. But
while he remained in that state of pupilage, he would naturally
depend so much on the assistance he was able to command, that his
own strength never could be ascertained or relied on; like a boy
swimming with bladders, who sinks from fear when he tries to do
without them, he would fancy bimself a good scholar until hesaw
a Latin sentence without any corresponding English, and then he
would feel doubts of his ability to translate it correctly. This
which is one of the great inconveniences and disadvantages of
knowledge implicitly received, must be obviated, or the apparent
scholar will never be a real one. To give him a requisite feel-
ing and capability of independence, is the object of this second
part of our system. It supposes nothing learnt as yet, because
it is not learnt thoroughly, and therefore now commences the
study of the language. But all is made easy of attainment from
the previous preparation ; and though more actual exertion is de-
manded from the pupil than before, it is so little beyond what he
has been accustomed to, that he can give it not only without pain,
but with pleasure.

To this important exercise of Construing succeeds that of
DousLe Transctation; the method which Cicero and the
younger Pliny recommended to those who desired to acquire the
Greek language ; and which Ascham, the enlightened preceptor
of Queen Elizabeth, employed with so much success in the edu-
-eation of that learned princess. Heretofore his example could
not well be pleaded, so much depending on that previous ground-
ing of the pupil, first in “the cause and matter of the lessons ;”
secondly, “ the construing it into English so oft asthe child may
easily carry away the understanding of it ;” lastly, “ the parsing
it over perfectly,” which he personally attended to, and strictly

* This Preface, being originally written as a Prospectus of the general

System proposed, does not apply exclusively to any particular Part of our
Latin or Greek Series.

TO THE FIRST EDITION. Xil

enjoins ; but, by the aid of the Interlinear Translations and
Parsing Lessons, all this is now done so completely for the pupil,
that the old objection for the want of sufficient preparatory in-
struction is removed, and the plan is made capable of universal
adoption. Conscious of its value, we gladly introduce it into our
system, and esteem ourselves fortunate, that, by a combination of
Locke’s method with this, we have been able to render efficacious
two of the most powerful instruments that ever were devised for
the furtherance of education ; each of which, for want of some co-
operative power, was useless, except in the hands of its inventor,
and of a few other persons gifted with similar talent, and equally
zealous in the beneficial employment of it.

But we do not rest here: our system proceeds to accomplish
the pupil in Latin composition, both in prose and verse,
though not the way usually practised in public schools, which
- Locke censures as “a sort of Egyptian tyranny, to bid them
make bricks who have not yet any of the materials ;” and Milton
condemns, as “a preposterous exaction, forcing the empty wits
of children to compose themes, verses, and orations, which are
the acts of ripest judgment, and the final work of a head filled,
by long reading and observing, with elegant maxims and copious
invention. These are not matters,” he adds, “ to be wrung from
poor striplings, like blood out of the nose, or the plucking un-
timely of fruit.”

We give no scope for such remarks as these in the species of
composition required by our system. The student is not com-
pelled to furnish worthy thoughts as well as fit language, “ per-
plexing his braing,” as Locke observes, “ about invention of things
to be said, not about the signification of words to be learned; and
when boys are making a theme” he truly says, “ it is thoughts
they search and sweat for, not language.” An imitation, para-
phrase, abridgement, or translation of the finest passages of our
best English authors, is all that we ask; if the pupil chodses to
be original, he may, but there is no task of the kind imposed: all
that is imperative on him is the expression of his own concep- -
tions, or those of others, in the purest Jatinity ; and this is required
that he may be the nicer judge of the power of the language when
he reads it in the works of others, as well as that he may be him-
self capable of writing and speaking it elegantly and correctly
As for Versification, whether in Latin or English, it is nothing

X1V PREFACE

but a more artful and pleasing way of arranging words, which by
a certain degree of skill any one may attain, though this attain-
ment. may differ very much from Poetry: ‘and when we speak of
teaching Versification, we mean that art ‘by which the scholar, in
practising the various kinds of verse, is qualified: to appreciate
more correctly the verses of professed poets in their native lan-
guage. The'other-'use which is:‘made of this art in public schools
viz. to impress more deeply on the mind of ‘the pupil the recol-
lection of the quantity of Latin sylables, so that he may rightly
pronounce each word, is not of any. consequence in our system,
wherea correct pronunciation is taught at the commencement. _

Latin CONVERSATION flows naturally from the course of in-
struction. we pursue. Its elements are acquired in the earlier
stage of our proceedings, and ‘the phraseology thus imbibed in-
sensibly takes the form adapted to the expression of our thoughts,
as we advance in our acquaintance with the language; so that
the power of conversing in Latin is not so much an effort as an
impulse of the learner’s mind. He begins tq think in the words
that spring up, as it were spontaneously, to convey his thoughts
to others. His tongue incontinently utters “in good set terms”
whatever his mind conceives; and though these common-place
forms of expression are by no means desirable as the characteris~
tic of an English style, they are undoubtedly the most proper,
because the most classical modes, in which it is possible to use
aydead language.

We pretend not to say, how easily or how soon, any one may
become a good Latin or Greek ‘scholar by our system : the au-
thority of those eminent men, from whom we have derived it,
supersedes the necessity of such declarations on our part. Locke
affirms, “‘ Whatever stir there is made about getting of Latin, as
the great and difficult business, his mother may teach it him her-
self if she will spend two or three hours a day with him.” But
we carry this method ‘farther, joining others with it, which perhaps
may be thought. to render ita more difficult and tedious study.
Ascham, however, tells us, that in eight months, a young gentle-
man of his acquaintance arrived at so perfect a knowledge by the
means he recommends, as to be able to translate the English
which he gave him into Latin, “ so choicely, so orderly, so with-
out any great miss in the hardest points of grammar, that some in
seven years in grammar schools, yea, and some in the University

TO THE FIRST EDITION. XV

too cannot do half so well.” Another example he gives us in
Queen Elizabeth, who, “ in the space of a year or two attained
to. such a perfect understanding in both the tongues [Greek and _
Latin| and to such a ready utterance of the Latin [in conver-
sation] and that with a judgment, as they be. few in number in
both. Universities, or elsewhere in England, that be in both
tongues comparable with her Majesty.” More to the same effect
might be added, but we shall conclude with Milton’s memorable
opinion : which forms. the. motto for our system : “We do amiss
to spend seven or.eight years merely in scraping together so much
miserable Latin and Greek, as might be learned otherwise easily
and delightfully in onz year.” That his view of the means to
be employed in this case coincides with our own, his following
words declare ; for after speaking of the poor striplings at gram-
mar schools, and “ the ill habit which they get of wretched bars
barizing against the Latin and Greek idiom, with their untutored
Anglicisms, odious to be read, yet not to be avoided, without a
well-continued :and ‘judicious conversing among prose authors
digested, which they scarce taste” — he adds, “‘ whereas if after
some preparatory grounds of speech by their certain forms got into
the memory, they were led to the praszis thereof, in some chosen
short book LESSONED THOROUGHLY TO THEM, they might then
forthwith proceed to learn the substance of good things and arts,
in due order, which would bring the whole language quickly into
their power.” The short book lessoned throughly ¢o them, is
evidently such a work as we produce in our Interlinear Trans-
lations, and the Parsing Lessons make it a praxis of the grammar.
— “This,” he continues, “ I take to be the most rational and
most profitable way of learning languages, and whereby we may
hope to give account to God of our youth spent herein.”

But are we of opinion that the language may, by the means we
prescribe, be learnt in one year? Yes; and we would affirm
with Milton, easily and delightfully too. But let not the short-
ness of this term deceive any one into the expectation, that in
one year the language is to be acquired, and all the best books in
it read. Much remains to be done after the art of reading
English is attained : and of course the mere understanding of the
Latin or Greek language does not bring with it of necessity the
comprehension of those subjects which are treated of by the
greatest authors in either of those languages. We have been so

Xvi PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

much accustomed to consider a knowledge of the language every
thing, that we forget or do not refiect that this is only valuable as
a means of arriving at a knowledge of things. It:is true, that, by
the variety of our initiatory books, we should lead the pupil to
a practical acquaintance with the style of every author, by which
he will obtain a thorough insight into the peculiarities of the
whole language: but even this is but an introduction; if he
would learn truly what is possible to be gained, he will apply
himself to the complete mastery of the matter of each author, and
endeavour to become skilled in the “ substance of good things
and arts in due order.” “ A complete and generous education,”
says the same great authority, “ that which fits a man to perform
justly, skilfully, and magnanimously, all the offices, both public
and private, of peace and war, may be given a youth between
twelve and one-and-twenty, less time than is now bestowed in
pure trifling with grammar and sophistry ;’—-we put it in the
- power of every one to secure such an education ; but upon his
own exertions will depend the degree of bis success.

February 1st, 1827.

THE FIRST BOOK*

HOMER’S ILLAD.

AEIAE, QOea; ovAopevny = piney AxirAtjoct
SING, O-Goddess, the destructive wrath of-Achilles
IlnAniasew, 7 =O nxe - Axatoic pupta
Peleus’-son, which brought upon-the-Greeks innumerable
avyea' t Se = mpoiavey modXac ipfipove yYuyac
-woes: and prematurely-sent many valiant souls

* The Iliad is divided into twenty-four books, severally named
from the letters of the Greek alphabet. This methodical division
seems to have been made some time after the age of Homer, who
sung his own Poetry in detached parts, probably without committing
it to writing. The parts being subsequently connected in due order,
the reciters of these were called paydor (from parrw to sew together,
and qdy a song), and the poem itself was called payipdta.

t This is the Ionic form of the genitive for IInAniadouv Axrewe.
The language of the Iliad abounds chiefly in Ionicisms, though by
no means to the exclusion of the other Greek dialects.

¢ Homer uses the word pvpla in an indefinite sense; ‘though
when accented on the first syllable, pépta signifies the determinate
number of ‘* ten thousand.”

B

IOMER’S ILIAD.

jpwwv Aid:,* Se revye avrove EAwpia Kuvecary,
of-heroes to-Hades,and made them preys to-dogs,

wact-re owvoict Se PovAn Atog — eredctero’
and-to-all birds; but ¢he-will of-Jove was-fulfilled:

5 && ob on ta-rpwra Arpedne-re, avak
from-what-time indeed at-first both-Atreus’-son, ¢he king

avopwy, kat ioc AxtAXeue EpioavTe ctac-
of-men, and divine Achilles having-contended stood-

tTntnv. Tig-ret apa Sewv Euvence owe
apart. And-who then of-the-gods set-together them

paxyecBa = epidr;

to-fight in-contention?
‘Yioe . Anrove xae Avoc’ yap 6 xorAwbee
The-son of-Latona and of-Jove: for he being-enraged

Bacrr(ji WPCE KaKnY vOUTOY ava oTparoy’
with-the-king excited an-evil disease throughout ¢he-army ;

10 8 Aaor oAekovro’ ovvexa Arpetdyc
and the-people were-perishing: for-that Atreus’-son

YTUANGE rov,, Xpvony apnripa yap 6 ADE
dishonoured him, Chryses ¢he-priest: for he came

* The name of Hades or Orcus, king of the infernal regions, is
often used by poets to express the place itself; and that without re-
ference to its division into Tartarus and Elysium, the respective man-
sions of the wicked and the virtuous.

+ Another invocation 'to the Muses, intreating inspiration of the
truth ; according to their attribute of omniscience expressed in Iliad
II. 484. .

¢ The article, as used by Homer, must be rendered in the sense of
the demonstrative pronoun.

BOOK f,
ext Soacg vijac Axawy, Avaopmevoc-re*
to the-swift ships of-the-Greeks, both-about-liberating

Svyarpa, epwv-re amepeioia atolva, Exwy-Te ev
his daughter, and-bearing boundless ransom, and-having in

“XEpoty oreupara ExnBoXdou ArodAwvog, avat xpucey
his hands fillets of-far-darting Apollo, on a-golden

oxnwrpy’ Kat eXtocero tavrag Axaouvc, Se
aceptre : and he-entreated all the-Greeks, and

Arpeda padiora, Svw Koopnrope
the-two-sons-of-Atreus especially, ¢the-two leaders
Aawv.
of-the-people, ut.

“ Arpetoar-Te, kat aAddAot eixunprdec t

‘* Both-ye-sons-of-Atreus, and ye-other well-greaved

Axator, Seou exovrec OAvuTia Swpara Sotev
Greeks, may-the-Gods possessing Olympian domes grant

evo uUiv §=Exmepoat mroAw Iptapouo, de ixeoBar 20

indeed to-you to-overthrow the-city of-Priam, and to-return

ouade ev’ oc Avodare pot §ptAnv maida,
-home_ well: but liberate-/-pray to-me a-beloved . child,

* The middle voice is used whenever the passive object is any
thing belonging to the subject of the verb. Thus, the active Avec
(above) signifying ‘* to return something for a ransom” —the middle
AveoSa, in this line, signifies ‘‘ to have Something returned which
belongs to one,” or ‘‘ to be paid one’s own.’

t The preposition ava, here put for ev, takes a dative case in
Ionic and Doric poets only ; elsewhere requiring an accusative.

¢ The greaves of the ancients were a defensive armour for the
legs: here used to express armour in general, the part for the whole.

B 2

iv HOMER’S ILIAD.

¢€ ' €
de dexecOe +a arowa, aZouevor viov Avog,
and receive-ye these ransoms, reverencing the-son of-Jove,

Exnorov AmoAAwva.”
far-darting Apollo.”

Ev0a pev wavreg adXdor Axaor erevpnunoar,
Then indeed all ¢he-other Greeks shouted-approval,

de iepija adciafat, Kat ayAaa
both that-the-priest should-be-revered, and ¢he-splendid

arava OSexPa' adda ovyx-ivoave Ayapenvort
ransoms be-received: but it-pleased-not Agamemnon

25 Arpedy Ouuw, adda aguet Kakwe,
Atreus’-son in-Ais-soul, but he-dismissed-him disgracefully,

de ewe ereAXe Kparepoy pov.
end besides enjoined a-harsh: command.

“ Eyw-pn-Ktxetw of, yepov, rapa KoiXjotw vyvet,
“ Let-me-not-find thee, old-man, near the-hollow ships,

n viv dnBuvovra, n tcovra a’rig votepov’ =—s gun
either now delaying, or coming again a-second-time: lest

vu oKijwrpoy, kat orTeupa Seoio xpatopy rot ov.
indeed ¢he-sceptre, and ¢he-crown of-the-god avail thee not..

Ag rnv eyw ouv-Avew, - wpty Kat ynpa¢g § emeorv
But her I will-not-liberate, before even old-age comes-on

30 iv, Eve Hperepy oxy, ev Apyei, TyA0O = warpne,
her, in our house, in Argos, far-from her-country,

erotxopevny lorov, kat avrtowcay euov Asxoc. AdAa
traversing ¢the-web,and partaking my bed. But

ch, sepeOiZe pe pn, we KE-VENaL . GawrEpoc.”
begone, provoke me not, that thou-mayest-return ¢the-safer.”

‘Qo eparo’ Se 6 yspwy eddacev, car exeBero
Thus he-spoke: and the old-man feared, and obeyed

BOOK 1.
pv0y = Se Bij} axewv mapa Siva oAu@Aoto-
the-word: and he-went silent along the-shore of-the-deeply-

Boo Sadaconc. Ac eretra & yeEpatog Kiwy
roaring sea. And then the aged-man_ going

arravev0e nparo 7oAAa avacrt AroAAwut, Tov nu- 36
far-away prayed much to-king Apollo, whom bright-
couog Anrw rexe’
haired Laténa bore:
“ Krvbe prev, Apyuporoke, b¢ apugiBeBnuac*
“Hear me, Silver-bow, who hast-ever-guarded
Xpvonv, CaSenv-re KiAdav, idi-re avaccac
Chrysa, and-divine Cilla, and-powerfully reignest
Tevedoro,t SpevPed ce wore ror emt-epefat
at-Tenedos, O-Sminthian: if ever for-thee J-adorned

Xaptevra vnov, net tore on Tot exya 40)
the-beauteous temple, or if ever indeed for-thee I-consumed

Karat mova pnpta ravpwv noe aryov, Konyvoyv
down fat thighs of-bulls or of-goats, accomplish

* Past tenses have sometimes the sense of an action frequently
repeated, for which the present might be used. This instance, how-
ever, is not so irregular as many others, as the perfect tense in Greek
is most properly used when the effect of the past action still con-
tinues.

+ A preposition in composition is always used adverbially, and
may be taken apart from the verb. Hence in old writers we often
find the preposition and the verb separated by other words, and the
preposition sometimes coming immediately after the verb: In such
cases this is not properly a tmesis, i.e. the separation of the parts of
a word commonly used in its compounded form ; but the preposi-
tions at that time served really as adverbs, which might be put either
before or after the verbs. Latterly, however, particularly in Attic,
the composition became more close, and the prepositions were consi-
dered as a part of the verb, as xarexya.

HOMER’S ILIAD.

pot «rode eeAdwp’ Aavacs © rioeav gua Saxpva
for-me this desire: May-the-Danaiatone-formy tears

goiot BeXeoow.”

by-thy arrows.”
‘Qe eparo evxopuevoc’ de DotBo¢e AroAAwy exAus
Thus he-spoke praying: and Phebus «Apollo heard

rou’ de (3%) Kara xwouevog «iijp . Kapnvev
him: and he-went down enraged at-heart from-the-tops

45 OvAupzrovo, eXwy roca WpHOLOLY, - apon-
of-Olympus, having his-bow on-Ais-shoulders, and-closely-

pspea-re paperpny’ Ae apa oicro exrayEav em
covered quiver: And then ¢he-arrows rattled - on

WW | Xwopevato, avrov Kivnfevrog’* Se §
the-shoulders of-him-enraged, he being-in-motion : and he

nie eouwe vuxrt. Emera ero araveve
went like to-the-Night. Then he-seated-himself far-away

VEWY, Oe pe8-inxe tov’ Se Serv yevero
from-¢he-ships, and discharged an-arrow : and dread was

KAayyn apyupeo.o Bioto-+ Tp@rov pev erwxero
the-twang of-the-silver bow. First indeed he-assailed

50 oupijac,t Kat apyoug kuvag’ avrap§ erera Epiec
the-mules, and swift dogs: but then sending-upon

* The construction of the participle with the genitive absolute
often serves as a definition of time, in which case it may be resolved
by a conjunction and the finite verb, as—dére avrog extynSn.

t This is the Jonic termination of the genitive case, for apyupeov
Beov; which form is very frequent in Homer.

t Aristotle says, in his Poetic, that, if objection be made to ovpiiag
in its proper sense of ‘‘ mules,” the word may be interpreted in its

foreign acceptation of “ sentinels :” but perhaps we should gain but
little by this importation.

§ The particle de is the regular respondent to pey, but Homer often
employs this equivalent avrap.

BOOK I.

avroict - exemeuxec*® Bedoc, Padre dc
the men themselves a-venomed dart, he-smote-them: and

Japetat wupat vexvwy atet kacovro. Evvijyap
frequent pyres of-dead always were-burning. Nine-days

pev cjAa § Jeoto wero ava orparov. Ae
indeed the-shafts of-the-god went through the-army. And

Ty «0: Sexary, AxtAXeve xaXeccaro Aaov = ayopnver’
on-the tenth Achilles called ¢the-people to-council :

yap ro Yea, AevewAevoc ‘Hpen, Sijxe ewe ppect’ 55
for to-him a-goddess, white-armed Juno, put-i¢ in mind:
yap «nero Aavasv, drt pa édparo
for she-grieved-for the-Danai, because indeed she-saw

Svnoxovrag. Ae ere ovv of _ nyepOev, —eye-
them-dying. And when then they were-assembled, and-

vovro-re dpunyepecc, AxiAAgvg weve mwodac
were collected-together, Achilles swift of-feet

aviorajevog peredn = rotat-oe" .
rising-up spoke-amongst them : .
“ Arpednt viv ow -aupe madiurdayyOevrac
* Atrides, now I-think that-we having-wandered-again

arovoornaey ap, e& ye kev-puyouer't Savarov’
shall-return ~ back, if at-least we-would-escape death:

et-On ToAEuOc-TE Kat Aomog Suov Saug AXaove. GQ
since - both-war. and plague together subdues ¢he-Greeks.

* Eyewevxec — ** having pitch or bitterness.”

t The particle xe, which is used in poetry for ay, frequently deter-
mines the force of the verb with which it is combined, without
having any separate signification of its own. In this place it distin-
guishes the form from that of a precatory wish, which is expressed by
the optative mood without ay or xe—as in lines 18, 42.

¢ The adoption of these patronymics seems preferable to the con-
stant repetition of ‘‘ Atreus’ son,” &c.

8 HOMER’S ILIAD.

AAXa aye on epstouev® Tiva payriv, n ispija, n Kat
But come now let-us-ask some prophet, or priest, or even

oveipoTro\ov, ‘yap Kat re-ovap eoriv ex Anog’
dream-interpreter, for also ¢the-dream is from Jove;

5¢° xe-eerot, 5,rt PotBoc AmoAAwy &xwoaro
who might-tell, why Phoebus Apollo has-become-enraged

rogsov’ sre apa dye exiueuderat evywAje, ere
so-much: whether indeed he blames-us for-some-vow, or

65 ExarouBnet ai-xev two —BovAerar avtiacac
hecatomb : if by-any-means he-wishes, having-met-with

kvuicanct apvayv redgwrere atywv, amo-auvvar
the-fat | of-lambs_ and-of-perfect goats, to-ward-off

Aoryov — Hiv.”
destruction from-us.”

‘Oye nroe we eurwv, apa éero xara’ oe
He truly thus having-spoken, then sat down: and

aveorn rotot KaAxag Occropidne oxa aptaroc
there-rose-up to-them Calchas Thestor’s-son far the-best

70 otwvoroAwy, d¢ yon tTa-Te eovTa, Ta-TE EGoOLEVA,
of-augurs, § who knew both-the present, and-the future,

Wpo-Te-EOVTA,Y kat wynoaro Ayatwv vnecot sow
and-past, and had-guided éhe-Greeks in-ships to

* In exhortation, the subjunctive mood in Greek is commonly put,
without ay, in the first person plural, where in Latin the imperative is
used. Sometimes, however, in Homer, as in this instance, the form
of the indicative is substituted.

t Supply the word ‘‘ neglected.” The preposition évexa is un-
derstood before these genitives —as expressed page 11.

¢ Verbs of obtaining and receiving often take a genitive case, as
including the idea of participation, which regularly requires this form :
this is equally observable in other languages.

§ Literally— ‘‘ the things being, and about to be, and before-being.””

BOOK I.
IXtov, Sta hv pavrocvyny, thv PotBoc AtoAAwy
Nlium, through his prophetic-art, which Phoebus Apollo

mope ol. ‘Oc* eigpovewy ayopycatro agiv, Kat
gave him. He well-minded harangued them, and

METEELITED.
spoke-amongst-them.

"CO Axired, pirre Ati, —keAeae =e pvOnoacba,
“CO Achilles, dear to-Jove,thou-desirestme to-declare,

pivw ArodXAwvoe, karnBederao avaxrog. Toryap
the-wrath of-Apollo, ¢he-far-darting king. Therefore

eyw Epew* Se ov, ovvOeo, cat omoccoy pot, n
I tell-i¢: but thou, covenant, and swear to-me, ¢that-surely

psy apn&ev Hot Tpodpwv = emrecty = kat
indeed thou-wilt-assist me readily with-words and
-XEpowv. Tap o1opat avépa XoAwoeuer,
with-hands. For surely I-think that-a-man will-be-enraged,

6¢ peya=s kpareee wravrwy Apyewy, Kat ol+
who greatly is-mightier than-all Argives, and him

Axator weBovra. Tap BactAeve xpetcowv bre
the-Achzeans obey, For a-king is-too-mighty when
" Xwoerat Xepni save’ yap eurep-re
- he-shall-be-enraged with-an-inferior man: for although

kat" auriap 7é karavedyt yodAov,
even on-the-very-day indeed he-should-digest his-choler,

* ‘Og is often put for avrog in the Attic dialect.

t Ol “him” is here put for & ‘* whom ;” the pronoun demonstra-
tive being often used for the relative in a different case, in the continua-
tion of a proposition beginning with a relative.

¢ This metaphor is employed in like manner by Shakspeare—

‘* You shall digest the venom of your spleen,
Though it do split you.”

t

75

80

10

HOMER'S ILIAD,

adXa-ye kat perorriaBer exet Korov ev oiat arnBeaory,

yet-surely even afterwards he-has hatred in his _ breast,
ogpa recon’ Se ov, dpaca, a gawcee
until he-fulfil-i#: but thou, say, whether thou-wilt-save .
pe.”

me.”

Ae AxiAAeve wee rodac atrapeBopnevoc mpocedn
-And Achilles swift of-feet answering addressed

rov' “ Oapanaag " pada, | ELE

him: ‘ Having-taken-confidence by-all-means, declare

85 Seompomiov —_ d-r — otaba. Tap ov, pa

the-divination whatever thou-knowest, For no, by

AroA\Awva gitov Ati, ure ov, Kadyay,
Apollo dear to-Jove, and-to-whom thou, Calchas,

EvXouEvoC, avadaverc Jeorporiag Aavaoict, ouri¢
praying, sheweat divinations to-the-Danai, no-one

oupravrwy Aavawy, eusv Cavrog Kat SepKxopevoro
of-all the-Danai, I _ living. and | seeing
emt xOov, erorce: oot Papeac xeipag mapa KoiAgs
on earth, shall-lay-on thee heavy hands near ¢he-hollow

90 vnvot’ ovde nv* ELT Ayapepvova, dc vuy

ships: not-even if thou-should-say Agamemnon, who now

euxerat sivat ToAXAOY aptorog Evt oTpary.”
boasts to-be far ¢he-chief in the-army,”

Ka rore on anupiwy pavTig ‘ Saponee, -
And then indeed ¢he-blameless prophet took-confidence,

* In pust actions, es is put without ay or xe with the optative modd ;
in present or future actions, e xe, cay, Or nv, is put with the sub-
junctive.

BOOK 1.

kat nuda’ “ ‘Ove apa oure emimeuderat evywrjc
and spoke: “ He truly neither blames-you /or-a-vow

oure éxarouBne’ a\\a_~ = ivexa apntipoc, dv
nor hecatomb; but on-account-of the-priest, whom

.Ayapeuvev nrysnce, ovde ameAvce Suyarpa, Kat
Agamemnon dishonoured nor released his-daughter, and

ovx-aredefaro aowva. Tovvexa apa ‘Exnfodo¢
' Teceived-not - ransoma, For-this then ¢he-Far-darter

eOwkev adyea, noe ert Swoet’ ovde Sye mptv
has-given woes, and still will-give: nor will-he [before]

apeEa Papeac xeipac Aomoto, mpw* ye
hold-off ¢the-heavy hands of-the-plague, before at-least

aro-souevat §ptAy marpe EAccwmda Kovpny

we-give-back to-her-dear father the-dark-eyed - maid.

amptarnyy, avarotvov, ayev-re iepny éxarouBny EC
unbought, unransomed, and-carry a-sacred hecatomb to

Xpuonv' rore iXaccauevor xev-rerPommev pv.”
Chrysa: then having-supplicated we-might-persuade him.”

‘Oye nrot ae emuv, apa ero xara. de

He truly thus having-spoken, then sat down: and

roiat aveorn pwc Arpsdnc, svpuxprwy Aya-
to-them rose-up the-hero Atreus’-son, .widé-ruling Aga-

penvev, axvupevoc’ Se audiedraivar ppevec mi-
‘memnon, indignant: and fis-darkened mind was-

wAavro peya peveoc, Se of oot tixrny Aapwe-
filled greatly with-rage, and his eyes were-like spark-

* The comparative adverb pty is often repeated in a Greek sen-
tence, where the word ‘‘ before,” its equivalent in English, is com-
monly expreased but once.

11

95

100

12 | HOMER’S ILIAD.

TrowvTt wupt’ mpwricta* xaxa oacouevog KaAxavra
ling fire: first-of-all fiercely eyeing Calchas

105 mwpoceerrre’
he-addressed-him:

“© Mavrt kaxwv, ov mwirore elrac plot
** Prophet of-ills, not at-any-time hast-thou-spoken to-me

TO Kpyryvov’ alee Takaka sori pia = rot
that-which-is grateful; always these ills are dear to-thee

ppect pavrevesdar Se ovde Tw — eiac rt
in-mind to-forebode : but neither ever hast-thou-spoken any

exOXov trog, ovde ereAcooag. Kat viv Jeomporewy
good word, nor fulfilled-#¢/ And now divining

gv Aavaoict ayopevetc, we on
amongst the-Danai thou-haranguest, as-if in-truth

110 évexa rovee ‘Exnf3oA0¢ revye adyea aguy,

on-account-of this the-Far-darter works woes for-them, |

ovveca eyw oux-eBedov SeEacfa ayaa arowwa
for-that I was-not-willing to-receive the-splendid ransoms

koupne.: Xpvonidoc’ ere PovAopat roAv exetv
of-the-damsel Chryseis: since I-wish much to-have

auTny oikor’ Kat~yap pa wpoeBovAa KXuraruvnorpye
her at-home: for Aer indeed I-prefer-to Clytemnestra '

LAW Fao & . €
kouplomn¢ aXoxou' eret core ov xepetwy EOev, ov

my-virgin?) bride; since she-is not inferior to-her, neither

Seuac,+ ovds gunv, ovre apa ppevac, oure ri
in-person, nor in-native-grace, nor indeed in-mind, nor at-all

* Greek adjectives and adverbs sometimes admit a double com-
parison ; as, in this instance, a superlative of the superlative TPWT a.

¢ An accusative case may always be put either with verbs or with
adjectives in the sense of ‘‘ with respect to,” the preposition cara
being understood.

BOOK I.

_ epya.. AdAa xatwe BeAw Sopevac
in-accomplishments. But even so I-am-willing to-give-her

waAtv, & Toye apevov. Eyw BovAouat Aaov
back, _ if this-indeed is-better. I wish ‘the-people

Eupevat coov,y amoAccGa. Avrap autixka
to-be safe, or myself-to-perish, But-then immediately

iroylacare esol yepac, odpa ew tn otoc
make-ready for-me a-reward, that I-may-be not alone

Apytwy ayépaorog’ emee ovods-cowxs. Tap
of-the-Argives unrewarded; since it-is-not-fitting. For

wavrec Asvacere Toye, 6 plot~yepac Epyerat aAXy.”
you-all see this, that my-reward is-going elsewhere.”

Ae erera mooapKnc dioc AxtAAgug nitec(ero
And_ then swift-footed divine Achilles answered

rov’ , “Kuédtore Arpedn, ravrwy gpiAoxreavw-
him: Moat-glorious son-of-Atreus, of-all-men most-fond of-

rare, yao* rac peyaduport Axator Swoovat Yvepac
wealth, for how-will ¢he- magnanimous Greeks give a-reward

Tol; ovee Tt ww wuev woAdda
to-thee? neither by-any-means yet do-we-know-of many

Evynia kemeva’ adda raft = pev eEe-
common-treasureslaid-up; but what-things indeed we-have-

mpa0opev woAwy, ta Sedacra Se ovK-emreorxe
reft-from cities, these are-divided: and it-is-not-meet

* The use of the particle yap is rather peculiar, and frequently
appears to imply the ellipsis of a previous sentence. In this instance
" seems to presuppose the retort, ‘‘ unreasonable condition !’””
+ If the epithet magnanimous, the literal translation of this word,
should offend as obsolete, it may be rendered ‘‘ high-spirited.”
t In Ionic and Doric writers, the article is often put for the pro-
noun relative, as well as for the pronoun demonstrative: Thus re
pey is here put for a pev, and the following ra for rabra.

13

115

120

126

14 HOMER’S ILIAD.

Aaouvg erayepev ravra madgAdoya.
that-éhe-people bring-together these-éhings again-collected-

AdXa viv ov pew pore Tnvoe Oey,
But now do-thou indeed send-forth this-maiden to-the-God,

avrap Axaiot atroricopev TpiTrAg TETPATA-TE,
and-then we-Greeks will-repay-thee threefold and-fourfold,

axe wot Zeuc Swat eEadawa~ar evretxeov woAw
if ever Jove give-us to-lay-waste she-well-walled city
Tpommy.”

Troy.”

130 Aexpewv Ayapepywr arapeBopevoc rpocedy Tov"
But king Agamemnon answering addressed him:

“Mndeotrwe, rep ewv ayaboc,* Seoenede AxtAAcv,
** Do-not thus, although being valiant, O-godlike Achilles,

xAsrre vow’ eTrel ou-7rapeAcvaeat,
deceive in-thought, since thou-wilt-not-overreach-me,

OUvOoE WECEC pe. H-<OeAec, ofpa avroct
nor wilt-thou-persuade me. Dost-thou-wish, that thyself

expe . yépac, avrap eue fofa airwe
should-have a-reward, but that-I should-sit idly

Sevouevov; Se eAeae pe amwodovvar rnvde;
wanting-one ? and biddest-thou me to-give-back this-matden?

* In the heroic ages, when courage was the highest praise, its
proper term, apern, came to be synonymous with excellence in general;
and ayaYog in Greek signified at once valiant and good, as afterwards
virtus in Latin expressed equally valour and virtue.

t The pronoun cvrog has three significations : when coming before
the verb, it signifies ‘‘ self,” asin this instance ; when after the verb,
it signifies merely ‘‘ him, her, it,’’ as in line 112; when combined
with the article, it signifies ‘‘ the same ;” but this last use of the
pronoun is not so common in Homer as in Attic writers.

BOOK 1.

adia e& pev peya0upoe = Ayxatoe Swaovar
but. if indeed ¢he-magnanimous Greeks will-give-me

Y&pa¢, apoavreg Kara Gupor, OT WE EoTal
a-prize, suiting-i¢ to my-mind, so-that it-shall-be

avrat.wv'* Oe 8 = KE-OWWOLY
worthy-as-recompence—tis-well: but if they-give-i#

un, Oe eyw tw avToc Kev-EAwpat nN = TEeOV yEpac, 7
not, then I going myself will-take either thy reward, or

fAwy Atavroc, » Odvojjoc atéw
having-taken that-of-Ajax, or of-Ulysses,I-will-lead-i-away :’

de 6 xev-xexoAwaerat, dv xev-ikwuat. AXAa
and he will-be-enraged, on-whomsoever I-shall-come.. But

nrot fey Tavra Kat avric perappacopedOa.
truly indeed these-‘hings even hereafter we-will-consider.

Ae viv aye, epuccopuev ptAatvay vija ec otavt
And now come, let-us launch a-black ship into ¢he-divine

ada, Se ayspouev eperacg ec emirndec, Se Oeto-

15

136

140

sea, and let-us-collect rowers within suitably, and let-us-

pev = eg: —s ExarouBnv, Se Bnoopevt ava
place within-#¢ a-hecatomb, and _ let-us-put on-board

kaAXtrapyov Xpvonioa aurnv’ de OTH TiC
fair-cheeked Chryseis herself: and let-there-be some

* This suppression of the consequent, radwe é&ee ‘‘ well and good,”
is a common ellipsis with Greek writers, when two propositions are
opposed to one another, and the result of the antecedent of the former
is too obvious to require explanation. The word omitted is about
equivalent to Falstaff’s ‘‘ So.”

t The frequency of this epithet in Homer may perhaps be offensive
to modern fastidiousness ; but considering that in ancient times every
river had its tutelary deity, and every hero his paternal god, we can
scarcely be surprised at the constant attribution of divinity to this
*¢ mirror of eternity.”

¢ See the note to line 62.

16 -HOMER’S ILIAD.

elec apxoc, PovdAngpopog avnp, n Atac, n
one commander, a-counsel-bearing man, either Ajax, or

145 Idopeveve, n Siog Odvaceve, ne ov, TnAedn,
Idomeneus, or divine Ulysses, or thou, Pelides,

extrayAorare TavTwy avopwv, oppa iAacoeat
most-terrible of-all. men, that thou-mayest-propitiate

hpiv “Exagpyov, pesac ispa.”
to-us the-Far-Smiter, having-performed the-sacred-rites.”

Acapa AxiAAgve wxue Trodac towv trodpa_ mpoo-
But then Achilles swift of-feet looking sternly = ad-

edn rov’ “Qyor, —_emretpeve avadeny,
dressed him: “O me, thou-man-clothed-with shamelessness,

150 xepdaAsogpov, rag TIC Axawy mpodpwv
gainful-minded, how should-any-one of-the-Greeks readily

weOnrat rot emeatvy, x eADeuevat ddov, 7
be-persuaded by-thee in-words, either to-go a-march, or

paxecOa ide avdpaciy; Tap eyw ov-nAvOov Seiipo
to-fight bravely with-men? For I came-not hither

éveka atxpnrawy Tpwwy paxnoopevoc’ emer
on-account-of ¢he-warrior Trojans about-fighting: since

ELoLy our artot = ot.“ arp ov WWITOTE
they-are not-at-all blameable by-me.. For not at-any-time

nAacav enac Bove, ovde pev iwmouc, oure
have-they-driven-off my kine, nor indeed my-horses, nor

156 Tore ev entBwraxt Oy, Bwriaveipy, — ednAnoavro
ever in deep-soiled Phthia, nurse-of-heroes,have-they-injured

kaprov’ erem peragy re pada roA\a oxoevra

my-fruit ; since between-us are-both very many shady
ovpsa, nxnecoa-re Sadacoa’ adda iorroneba
mountains, and-a-roaring seas but we-followed

BOOK 1. 17

apa cot, w peya avaidec, ogpa cv xXatpyc,
with thee, O very shameless-one, that thou mayest-rejoice,

apyupEvoL Tiny MeveAay, cOl-Te, KUvwira,
gaining honour for-Menelaus, and-for-thee, dog-faced,

mpoc Tpwwy' Trav perarpeTy ouTt, ovde
from the-Trojans; which benefits thou-heedest not-at-all, nor

adeyiGeg’ xat On amedrsig avrog adatprn- 160
carest-for: and indeed thou-threatenest thyself to-be-about-

cecfat prot =yepac, ext @ Euoynoa oAXa,
to-take from-me ¢he-reward, for which I-toiled many-a-time,

és vileg Ayxawv socav por. Ov more
and-which the-sons of-the-Greeks gave to-me. Not ever
Mev exw yEepac icov§ cor, swrore* Ayatort
indeed have-I a-reward equal with-thee, whenever ¢he-Grecks

Exrépawot evvatopevoy WroAeOpovy Tpwwv.t AdAa 165
overthrow a-well-inhabited citadel of-the-Trojans. But

tua xeipec prev Suerover ro mAtiov woAvai-
my hands indeed go-through the greater-share of-the-

xog woAguolo* arap nv Tore Sacpoc ixnrat, aot
rushing war; yet if ever a-division comes, to-thee
To ‘woAv peicov yepac, Se eyw epxopat emt vijac,
ie-the much greater reward, and I come to the-ships,

exwv odrryov-re giAor-Te, eTny KEKALLW
having one both-little and-that-dear, when I-am-wearied-with

* The particles dre, dwore, &c. when used with the subjunctive
mood, are more regularly compounded with ay—becoming éray,
éroray, &c.—The simple particle combined with this mood is only
found in Homer.

t Before laying siege to the city of Troy, the Greeks had taken
many inferior towns, dependent on that capital.

18 HOMER’S ILIAD.

morguZwv. Ae viv eiue® DOmrvde, eran corey
battling. But now I-shall-go to-Phthia, since . . it-is

woAu peprepov muEv o1Kade CUY KOpwHtoLY yavee’
much better to-go home with my-crook-beaked ships:

170 ovo ow ot, ewvtevOade ariuoc, adgu-
nor do-I-think that-thou, being here dishonoured, wilt-

Eav agevoct wat wAcvrov.”
acquire gain and riches.”

Ac erecra Ayapepvwr avat avdpwv nueBero ror’
But then Agamemnon king of-men answered him:

“ Devye pada, et rot-Ouyog ereaautat’ ovde eyw-
“Fly by-all-means, if thy-mind is-so-incited: nor do-I-at-
ye Aooopat ce every elvexa eto"

least entreat thee to-remain on-account-of me: ¢here are

Wapa euovye Kat adAat oi KE-TULnaoovet Le" oe
with = me_ also others who will-honour me: but

175 MaXtora §=ynrera Zevc. At saat ex ftoroc
especially provident Jove. But thou-art most-hateful

pot Acorpedewv Bactlnwv’ yap epic-re ave
to-me of-Jove-cherished kings; ‘for strife is always

gin rot, woAsuol-re, paxat-re. Et eoot pada
dear to-thee, and-wars, and-battles. If thou-art very

* This form of the verb eiys serves both for the present and the
future tense.

t The nominative case is here irregularly used, as the pronoun oe
would seem to require the accusative arivoy coyra ; unless this case
be taken absolutely for the genitive,

¢ Sometimes in Homer two or more words of nearly the same sig-
nification are combined in a verse, where one of them might have
been sufficiently expressive : but their respective senses may always
be distinguished absolutely, if not with relation to the particular oc-
casion. ‘Thus agevog means ‘‘a year’s revenue” (ag’ évov), and
wXovrog ‘* wealth in general.”

BOOK 1.
Kaprepoc, Jeoc-rou* edwxev roye aot. Iwy omade
strong, some-god gave this to-thee Going home

Cur-Te oye vnvot, Kat aoic érapotct, avacce
both-with thy ships, and thy companions, king-it

19

Muppudovecaiy’ de eyw adrcyiGw ovx ceBev, ovde ofo- 180

over-Myrmidons; but I care not for-thee, nor do-I-

pat xoreovroc’ Se woe. ameAnow rot, we
heed ¢hee-chafing:| but thus I-will-threaten thee} since

PoiBog AroAXAwy apatpeirar eet Xpvonida, rnv
Phebus - Apollo _takes-from me Chryseis, her
fev eyw weufw ovv-re ey ni, Kat Esoic
indeed I will-send both-with my-own ship, and my-own
grapotor Se eyw Ke-aywt KadAurapyov Bptonisa,
companions; but I will-lead-away fair-cheeked _ Briseis,

to-sov ‘yepac, avrog wy KAlomvde’ odpa 185

thy reward, myself going to-the-tent. that

dgc _ ey dacov eye peprepoc acfev,§
thou-mayest-know well how-much I-am mightier than-thou,.

Se «at adXroc orvyey daca ioov
and also another may-dread to-declare-himself equal

euot, xat dpuorwOnuevar avrny.”
with-me, and and-to-be-compared in-opposition.” ,

* The particle wov is of extensive use ; serving to give an indefinite
signification to person, time, or place.

t Greek verbs signifying ‘‘ to take any thing from one” have a
double accusative, admitting in the same case not only the imme-
diate object, but also the more remote, which in most other lan-
guages is expressed by the dative.

¢ The subjunctive mood is sometimes put with dy» or xe instead of
the future indicative: in this place x’ayw is equivalent to a~w. So
again in line 205.

§ ceSey is the poetic form for cov: the genitive case being used
after the comparative degree when the conjunction 9 is omitted

20

HOMER’S ILIAD.
‘Qc gato’ Se yevero axoc TInAawne,
Thus he-spoke; and there-arose pain to-Peleus’-son,

Se ol-jrop peppnpt~ey Stavdscxa ev Aacioror*
and his-heart meditated two-ways in Aj#s-rough

190 ornfecow, 7 Oye Epvacapevoc o€u gagyavov

195

breasts, | whether he having-drawn his-sharp sword

wapa pnpov, avaornceey rovct pev, Se 4
from his-thigh, should-remove them indeed, and he

evapi~oe Arpedny, ne Tavosev odor, épn-
should-slay Atreus’-son, or should-check Ais-wrath, and-

rucee-re QJuuov. “Ewe 5 wppatve ravTa
repress is-anger- Whidst he was-revolving these-thinge

kara gpeva xatxara Oysov, Se éiAxero &k
in hie-thoughtand in Aie-soul, and was-drawing from

kovcoto §=peya Echoc Se AOnyn HAD ovpavober’
the-sheath the-great sword; then Minerva came from-heaven:

yap AsuxwAevog Hea. ‘Hon Fee mwpo, pidc-
for the-white-armed goddess Juno sent-her forth, both-

Acovca-Te, KNOomEvr-re apgw Sumo Oupp de
loving, and-caring-for them-both alike in-her-soul: and

* Aaciotot, rough, hairy. These continual epithets, common in
Homer, referring to qualities unconnected with the subject in ques-
tion, seem rather harsh in translation, as being remote from modern
use: but such words were combined so constantly in Greek poetry,
that they probably conveyed no idea of incongruity —being consi-
dered as a necessary accompaniment to the general term without re-
ference to the particular occasion. Here indeed the epithet is not
eatirely without its relative force, as implying the quality of ‘‘ man-
hness,” which was now in requisition : other passages, however, can-
not be thus reconciled, as, for instance, (Book V. v. 375.) Venus is
called ‘‘ laughter-loving,” when crying with a wound inflicted’ by
Diomed. But the truth is, the attribute and substance must be un-
derstood as forming but one term.

t The Greeks sitting between himself and Agamemnon. —

BOOK I. 21

ori omQev, Se EXc TnAawva Lave xopne,
she-stood behind, and took Peleus’-son by-his-yellow _ hair,

parvouevn oly, de ovrig ray addAwy
shewing-herself to-him-alone, and no-one of-the others

dparo’ de Axircuc OauBnoev,de tparero pera’
saw-her: and Achilles startled, and turned-himself back:

é& aura eyvw TlaAAada AOnvamny' Se of-occe 200
and immediately he-knew Pallas Minerva: and her-eyes

paaviev Cavw’ Kat g@wvycag 7 po~
shone terrible: . and having-found-his-voice he-ad-

onvea =u wrepoevra even’ “ Terre are, rexoc
dressed-to her winged words; “Why thus, child

Atytoxoto Atoc, etAndAov@ac ; n iva
of-ASgis-bearing Jove, hast-thou-come? whether that

uc UBpiw Ayaueuvovoc Arpedao ;

thou-mayst-see ¢he-insolence of-Agamemnon Atreus’-son?

adda e&-epew ror S¢ To Kat ow _—srrereAeo~-
but I-plainly-tell thee and this also I-think will-be-accom-

Ga, wore Taxa av-oXEecaoy Jupov UC 205
plished, at-some-time soon he-will-lose Ais-life through-his

UreporAget. *
haughtiness.”

Ae yAaucwmet Sea AOnvn wpoceere rov
But ¢he-blue-eyed goddess Minerva addressed him

* The Ionic form for the dative plural alg twepowAcarg.

+ There has been some controversy respecting the precise colour
here attributed to the eyes of this goddess. Some commentators give
the preference to ‘‘ blue ;”” others favour a ‘‘dark-grey ;” and one
late eminent critic strenuously advocates a ‘‘ green.”

22

HOMER’S ILIAD.

are’ “ Eyw 7A0ov ovpavobev ravcovea reov pevog,
in-turn; “I came from-heaven about-checking thy rage,

at xe-r Onat’ ds AcvxwrXsevog Sea ‘Hpn
if thou-wilt-obey: and ¢the-white-armed goddess Juno

ice pe Wpo, PiAgovoa-re xnOopevyn-re augw dune
sent me forth, both-loving and-caring-for-you both alike

Supp. Adda aye, diye Episoc, pnde éXxeo

in-soul. But come, cease-from contention, nor draw

210 E:doc XEpe aA Xa nrot overdicovy —_ ewreowv

2lo

the-sword with-thy-hand : but yet reproach-him with-words

pev weep easra.* Tap woe eEcpew,
indeed just-as they-shall-be. For thus I-will-plainly-tell,

TO-TE eorat Kat rereAcopevov’ Kat Tot
and-this will-be also accomplished: even to-thee

WOTE Tpi¢ Tocoa ayAaa wpa mapec-
at-some-time thrice so-many splendid gifts will-be-

oEerat, sivexa rode UBpioc¢' Se av,
presented, on-account-of this imsolence: but thou,

taXE0, Se weBco piv.”
restrain-thyself, and be-obedient to-us.”

Ae AxedAkuc wxue rodag amapeBopevog rpocedny
And Achilles swift of-feet answering addressed

thy’ ““Xpn pev, Sea, stpvcacBat cpwirtpov eroc
her : “ It-is-fit indeed, O-goddess, to-observe thy word

y6 Kat-rep pata KexoAwpevov Super yap
at-least, although much enraged in-soul: for

* As words shall present themselves.

BOOX I. 23

we auevov. ‘Ooxe erureOnrar Beoic, avrov
so it-will-be better. Whoever obeys ¢he-gods, him

re pada exAvov.”*

also readily they-hear.”
“H, cat oxeOe Bapeiav yxeipa em apyvpey
He-spoke, and pressed fis-heavy hand upon ¢he-silver

kwry Se doe peya Evpoc ab ce KovAeov, 990
hilt: and he-thrust the-great sword back into ¢he-sheath,

ovce amOnce pvOy AOnvanc Se BeBnnee
nor disobeyed the-word of-Minerva: but she was-gone

OvAuprroves,t ec Swuara = atytoxoto = Atog, para
to-Olympus, to the-domes of-Avgis-bearing Jove, to

adAove Sayiovac. Ae InAedne eEavricg mpoceerre
the-other _ deities. But Peleus’-son forthwith addressed

Arpednv “araprnpoi¢ emeccotv, cat Aye ovTw
the-son-of-Atreus with-infuriate words, and ceased not-yet
XoAot0'

from-rage :

“ OwoPapec EXwv ompara Kuvoc, de 225
“ Heavy-with-wine, having eyes of-hound, but

kpadinv sXagoto, oure wore rerAnxac Oupy
heart of-deer, neither ever hast-thou-dared in-soul

OwpnxOivar eg roAguov apa Aaw, ore
to-be-armed for war together with-the-people, nor

tevat oxovde avy apicrnecoty Axawy' rode
to-go to-ambush with the-chiefs of-the-Acheans: this

* See note to line 37.

t The particle de is thus attached to nouns in the sense of ec,
when motion toward a place is signified ; as the particle Se, in the
sense a aro, when motion from a place is denoted — ovpavoSey,
ine 204,

230

235

HOMER’S ILIAD,

ederat rot eivat knp. “H soriroAvAwiov xara
seems to-thee to-be death. Truly it-is much better through

supuy orparoy Ayalwy arroatpeiaBat Spa,
the-wide army of-the-Acheans to-force-away gifts from

oori¢ ern avriov asllev" Baoirsu¢
whoever may-speak against thee: ¢hou-art-a-king

SnuoPopog, ETEL avaccete ovridavoicw’
devouring-the-people, because thou-rulest worthless-men :
yap sii, Arpedn, viv vorara
for surely otherwise, Atrides, now for-the-last-time

av-Awnoato. AdAa cé&-spew roe Kat
thou-wouldst-have-insulted. But I-plainly-tell thee, and

opovpar peyav dpKov em’ vat pa rode oxhrrpov,
I-will-swear a-great oath besides: yea by this sceptre,

TO usy ovmrorE gpuoe gurArAa cae oZoue,
which indeed never will-bring-forth leaves and branches,

ETELON wTpwrTa AeAourev Tounv™ ev Opecat, oOvdE
since _ first it-left ite-trunk on ¢he-mountains, nor

avaOnAnce’ yao pa yadrxoe eAeve
will-bud-again: for indeed brass _hath-stripped

guAAa-re nat gAdotov mwepe & viv aure
both-leaves and bark around it: now in-turn

wee Axawy ducacrroAot popeovart pe €v
the-sons of-the-Achzans awarding-justice bear it in

wadaunc, of re eipvarat Semorac mpoc Arocg’ Se
their-hands, who also hold laws from Jove: and

6 eocerat peyacg dpxoc rot’ 7] WOTE
this shall-be ¢he-great oath tote. surly at-some-time

o-

* Tony, ‘* the cutting,” is here used to express the part whence
it was cut. |

BOOK i, 25

woOn AxtAAnjog ~—s_ FE erat vlac Ayatwv
regret for-Achilles shall-come-upon ¢he-sons of-the-Achzans

Evumavracg’ de our Suvnceat xpacpetv roic, 240
all-together: and not-at-all shalt-thou-be-able to-avail them,

wep axvupevoc, eve TOAAOL av-TiTTwat Ovnoxovre¢
though anguished, when many _ shall-fall dying
uro avopogovoue ‘Exropog’* & ov ywouevog apvéec
by destroying Hector: and thou enraged wilt-fret

Oupov evdohi, dre eTLoa¢ ovden
thy-soul within, because thou-honouredst not-at-all
aptcrov + Axawy.”

the-bravest of-the-Achseans.”

‘Qe garo TnAaSnc Se Bare swore yay 945

‘Thus spoke Peleus’-son: and cast upon the-earth

OkijTTpoV WemappEvov XpvcEetotc HAowt Se avTog
his-sceptre pierced with-golden studs: and himself

iZero. Ase Arpednc — érepwOev gunvee’
sat-down, And Atreus’-son on-the-other-side was-wroth:

de dvernc Neorwp avopovee roto, Aryue
but sweet-spoken Nestor rose-up to-them, the-high-toned

ayopytng IIvAwy, Kat aro Tov yAwoong peev
_ orator of-the-Pylians,. and from his tongue flowed

avon yAuktwy medrroc,. Ae ry pev non
a-voice sweeter than-honey. And with-himindeed already

* This epithet of ‘ man-slaying”’ is not meant as a reproach,
but as a praise of the prowess of this warrior.

Cc

20 HOMER’S ILIAD.
250 8v0 -yeveat pepotwv* avOpwrwv edfia-
two generations of-speech-gifted men _ _had-passed-

70, of mpocBev rpudevy apa noe eyevovro oi
away, who aforetime were-bred together and born with-him

ev nyaQen TlvAyw, 8 avaccey era rpiraro.ow.
in sacred Pylos, and he-was-reigning amongst ¢the-third.

‘Og eVppovewy ayopnoaro agiv, Kat pereecTey’
He well-intentioned harangued them, and spoke-amongst

“ Ororo,t j peya wevOog ixaver Axatida
them: “O gods, surely a-mighty woe is-come-on the-Achzean

255 yatav. “H IIpiapoe xev-ynOnoat, raidec—re II ptaporo,
land. Surely Priam would-rejoice, and-the-sons of-Priam,

adore = Tpweg xev-xexapotaro peya Supa, et
and-éhe-other Trojans would-exult mightily in-soul, if

awvQoaro _ opwiy papvapevotiv wavra Taoe,
they-should-hear of-you-two contending in-all these-things,

of core prev wept Aavawy BovdAy, Se — rept
whoare indeed above the-Greciansin-counsel, and above-them

paxecOa. AddrAa web: Se augw ecrov
in-fighting. But be-ye-persuaded: and both-of-you are

* Meporwy, ** voice-dividing”’—whose voice is resolvable into dis-
tinct sounds, from peppy to divide, and ow a voice.

¢ Ilowo:, as an interjection, has a very indefinite signification,
being used to betoken any strong emotion: but it may sometimes
be considered as a substantive in the vocative case.

¢ Prepositions, in composition with verbs, being always used
adverbially—when the same word is to be repeated, the preposition is
often used alone ; particularly with the verb equ:, as in this passage.

BOOK }. 27

vewrepw eusio. Tap eyw ore non w=
younger than-I. For I-myself some-time ere-now have-
Anoa =—savépacw Kat = apetoow = nerep wpiv,* 960
companied with-men even more-warlike than you,

kat ourore olye-abepZov pet Tap ov mw
and never did-they-contemn me. For not yet

ov, ovde wat rolove avepac, olow Tetpr-
have-I-seen, nor shall-I-see such men, as both-

Qoov-re, Apvavra-re womeva Aawy, Kar-
Pirithous, | and-Dryas = shepherd of-his-people, and-

vea-re, E€adtov-re, cae avriBeov TloAvgnpov, On-
Ceneus, and-Exadius, and god-like Polyphemus, and-
oea-re Atyetony, emtetkeAXov aSavaroia. An 965
Theseus A5geus’-son, _like to-che-immortals. Surely
ketvot Tpadev KapTicrol erty Boviwy avopwr’ ecav
they were-bred the-bravest of-earthly men: they-were

Mev Kapricrot, kal euaxovTo Kapticroi¢, opeE-
indeed the-bravest, and fought with-the-bravest, with-

okWOLCtL @npory, kat extrayAwe atroAecoay.
mountain-haunting centaurs,and terribly destroyed-them.

‘Kat pev eyw peBoutrXcov roto, eADov ex
And indeed I companied-with them, having-come from

* When the comparative of an adjective compares two things
with each other by means of the conjunction 9, the word with
which another is compared is usually put in the same case aa the
subject of the comparison.

¢ This construction of aSep:Zov with the accusative is not very
regular ; as verbs signifying ‘‘ to concern oneself about any thing,”
or their contraries, are generally joined with a genitive case. — See
line 180.

28 HOMER’S ILIAD.

270 HvAov, «& Amine yang rndobev’ yap = aura
Pylos, from ¢he-Apian land far-off: for themselves

kaXgcavro’ kal eyw axXouny Kara éuavrov’ *
called-me-to-them: and I fought according-to myself:

de ourig rev, of viv aow emtyBoror Bporot
and no-one of-those, who now are earthly mortals

av-aXE0LTO KELvOLOL —s Kat ev Guvov peu
would-fight with-them: even they indeed considered my

BovAswv, weBovro-re pvdy. AdAa uppec Kat
‘counsels, and-obeyed my-word. But ye also

wibeabe, eree §=owetQecOar ~apevov’ pnre ov,
be-persuaded, since to-be-persuaded is-better: neither thou,

275 ep ewv ayaboc, amoatpeo rovde Koupnr,
although being noble, take-away-from him ¢he-dameel,

alka sa, .wet vilec Axawyv mpera dSocav
but leave-her, since ¢he-sons of-the-Acheans first gave-her

yépac of §=pnte ov, TInAetdn, Sere epZeuevat
as-a-reward to-him: nor thou, Pelides, wish to-contend

BaatrAni avrifsinv? — ewet_ ~OUTOTE akNTTOvYOC
with-the-king force-to-force: since never sceptre-bearing

Baoirguc, gre eve eOwxev KvOoc, eupope duoing
king, to-whom-also Jove has-given glory, shared like

280 rysic. Ae a av evotxaprepoc, de Sea pantno
honour, And ifthou art brave, and g-goddess mother

* Kara é“uavrov— according to my best ability.

¢ In poetry the particle we is sometimes put for the relative pro-
noun ; the expression being equivalent to ‘‘ whom the Greeks first
gave to him.”

BOOK I. 29

yewaro ot, adXa bye soriy pEepTEepog, EweL avacce
bare thee, yet he is superior, since he-reigns-over

wXcoveccty. Ae ov, Arpedn, rave reov pevoc’
greater-numbers. But thou, Atrides, check thy rage:

avrap eywye Atcoopnar peDeuey yorXov AxAdAi,*
yea I-myself intreat-thee to-remit ¢hy-anger at-Achilles,

dc mederat peya. épxoc xaxoio woXguoto racw
who iis a-great bulwark from-evil § war to-all

Axaoiorv.”
the-Acheeans.”

Ace xpstwv Ayapenvwv arrapetouevoc wpocegn 285
But king Agamemnon answering addressed

tov “Na dn, yepov, ceweg § wavra
him : “ Of-a-truth indeed, old-man, thou-hast-spoken all

tavra-ye xara-poipay.t = Adda ode avnp cOere
these-things fitly. But this man wishes

Eupevat wept Tavrwy adAwy' efeAae pev . xpareey f
to-be above all others: he-wishesindeed to-be-superior

wavrwy, o€ avaccey mavrecat, Se onplarvey
to-all, and to-reign-over all, and_ to-give-signal

* Axdi, “ thy anger.with regard to Achilles.” The use of the
dative is very extensive, this case being sometimes employed even
when the relation of the verb is so remote as apparently to have no
effect upon the substantive.

t Kara potpay, ‘* according to thy just part.”
¢ Verbs signifying mere superiority, or any way involving the idea
of a comparative, commonly govern a genitive case; but if the re-

ference is made to an object which is subject to the operation of the
action, these verbs are constructed with a dative case.

30 HOMER’S ILIAD.

wact.. arwa ow .. ov-weceaOay, Ae et
to-all: in-which-things I-think * I-hall-not-obey-Aim. But if

990 aev : covrec Det cOecay juv.atypntny, . rpo-.
the-ever existing gods have-made him a-warrior, , do-they-

Beovarv of — rovvexa =pvOnoacBa. ovedea ;”
permit him on-this-account to-utter reproaches?”

"Ag rov apa Siog AxiAAsue vroBAndny npeBero-
But him then divine Achilles abruptly answered:

““H-yap xev-kaAXsousnv Setdoc-re Kat ovridavoc,
“‘Surely I-should-be-called both-timorous and worthless,

ee 8n = brrarEomat got wav spyov é-rrt
if indeed I-shall-yield-myself to-thee in-every work whatever

995 xev-erwnc’ _ emtreAXco ravra 8m adAorow, yap
thou-mayst-dictate : enjoin these-things indeed to-others, but

yn eorye «= omatve’ ‘yap eywye ow wecoeoOat
not to-me-at-least give-command: for I think I-shall-obey

got ov ert. -Ae epew rot addo, ce av
thee no longer. But I-tell thee another-thing, and thou

BadXAco evt oper Ppeot’ eywye MEY faXRTOMaL OUTL
ponder-#¢ in thy mind: I indeed will-fight not-at-all

XEpat, étvexa KOUpNC, OUTE Gol, OUTE
with-hands, on-account-of a-damsel,+ neither with-thee, nor

ae eee

® This form seems to represent the Transatlantic expression “ I
guess,” or our old English phrase ‘I trow :” but perhaps its real
force might be conveyed by ‘‘ I mean to obey him no more.”

+ Achilles rests this distinction on the circumstance of the prize
in question being reclaimed by the very army by whom it was be-
stowed. Buteven this expression serves to show the estimation
tn which the fair sex were held in these heroic ages. What would
a ‘* fair-cheeked ladye” in the days of chivalry have thought of
such a knight?

BOOK 1, 31

ry* adrAy, exe YE Sovreg = ageAeoe
with-any other, since at-least having-given ye-bereave
pe’ ' 6 rav add\wv & cort pot rapa 300
me-of-her : but of-the other-things which are mine near
Soy = peAavy vni, rev ovK Te ay-pepote,
mg-swift black ship, of-these not one mayst-thou-carry-off,

avedwyv, gcio aexovrog’ det, aye
having-seized-i#, I being-unwilling : but if-thou-wilt, come

pny, weipnoa, lva xa olde yrwwor aifa ror
then, make-trial, that even these may-know: soon thy-

keAavov alua epwnoee wept Sovpt.”
black blood shall-flow upon my-spear.”

‘Og twye paxecoapevw avrifsiotor emsecoww
Thus they having-contended with-adverse words

avotntnv) d& Av¥cav ayopny apa vyvow 305
stood-up: and they-dissolved the-council near the-ships
Axatwy.

of-the-Achseans.

TInAcdng prev = nie ere KAtotagc «Kat etoac
Peleus’-son indeed went to his-tents and equalt

vindac, cuv-re Mevorrtadn xa ole érapototy.
ships, both-with Menztius’-son and his-own companions.

‘Ae apa Arpedne mpospvocey Sony vita
And then Atreus’-son launched-forth a-swift ship

* rq without the accent is used for ri, from the indefinite pro-
noun *1¢.

t This epithet is applied to ships, not as being equal in size to

each other, but as being well-poised from the equality of their
sides.

32 HOMER’S ILIAD.

aAads, de expivey ec eetxooty eperac, Se ec
on-to-the-brine, and chose for-i¢ twentv rowers, and in-it

310 Brose ixarouBny Op de aywv xadAr
he-embarked a-hecatomb for-the-god : and leading the-fair-

wapyov Xpvonida _ eloev ava’ 8 =rodv-
cheeked Chryseis he-placed-her on-board: and much-coun-

pntic Oducceve Bn ev apxoc. Oi ev
selling Ulysses went in-i# as-commander. They indeed

ereira ~avaBavreg emewA\cov vypa xeAevfa. As
then having-embarked sailed-on the-watery ways. And

Arpsdne avwytv Aaove = atroAupatvec Oat. Ae
Atreus’-son bade ¢he-people to-purify-themselves. And

of ameAvpatvovro, cat eBadAov Avyara ete
they purified-thhemselves, and they-threw ¢he-ablutions into

aXa’ de epdov AmodAAwve rednecoag éxa-
the-sea: then they-sacrificed to-Apollo perfect —heca-

316 rouBac ravpwv nde aryov, rapa Siva arpu-
tombs of-bulls and of-goats, beside she-shore of-the-un-

yerowo* aAog’ de xviaon EAtocopevn wept Karvy
fruitful brine: and ¢he-savour wreathed round with-smoke

Ikev ovpavov.
reached heaven.

‘Qe of pev EVOVTO Ta
Thus they indeed employed-themselves-in these-things

xara orparov’ dg Ayapepvey AjnyE ou epidoc,
about the-army : but Agamemnon ceased not from-éthe-strife,

* This epithet was natural in an age when navigation was little
understood, and the sea was known chiefly by its dangers ; though |
even now we say ‘‘ the waste of waters.”

BOOK I. 33
Thy mpwrov ernmretAnce AytAni adda oye mpoo- 300
with-which first he-threatened Achilles: but he

eeere TadOuiov-re car Evpuarny, tw ecav a
dressed both-Talthybius and Eurybates, who were his

cnpuKe Kat orpnpw Deparovre’
heralds and active ministers :

“Ep xso8oy xrAromy AxtAijoc TnAniadew, ayepev™
“Go-ye — to-the-tent of-Achilles, Peleus’-son, to-bring
kadAurapyoy Bptonida iXovre yetpoc' de
the-fair-cheeked Briseis having-taken-herby-the-hand : but

ev xe-Owyotv jin, Oe eyw avrog xev-EAwuar, eAOwy
if he-give-her not, then I myself will-take-her, having-come

suv = wAeovecat’ TO 0«eoTat Kat prytov
with more-attendants: which will-be even more-bitter
vi.” 325.
for-him.”
. v . — Viv. YY
‘Qo eerwy, Tpoikt, Oe emt-eredXe

Thus speaking, he-sent-shem-forth, | and enjoined

Kkoareoov pvOov. Ac rw aexovre Barny jTaoa
a-harsh word. And they unwilling went along

Siva arpuvyeroto aXocg’ Se ixecOnv —emi-re
the-shore of-¢he-unfruitful brine: and they-arrived both-at

cArctag Kat vijag ~=Muppyedovwy. Ae edpov rov
the-tents and ships of-the-Myrmidons. And they-found him

* ayepev the Doric form for aye». — This construction of the
infinitive mood with a verb of motion is nct uncommon in Greek,
though rarcly used in Latin. Virgil, however, adopts it in these -
lines ( Ain. I. 627.)

‘* Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates,
Venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere preedas.”’

cé

34 HOMER’S ILIAD.

Tmevoy wapa KAtowp-re Kat peAavy vni’ ovde apa
sitting near both-the-tentand black ship: nor then

AxidAkgvc ynOncev idwv = twye.. Tw pev rapr
did- Achilles -rejoice having-seen them. They indeed fear-

330 Buoavre, kat adopevw BactAjja, ornrny, ovde mpoce-
ing, and venerating éhe-king, stood, nor did-they-

gwveov* pv tt, OUOE Epeovro’ avrap 6 eyvw evi
address him at-all, nor did-they-ask-fim: but he knew in

Yow dpect, pwvycer-re.
his mind, and-called-to-them.

“* Xaipere, xnpuxec, ayyeAot Aoc,t noe Kae
“Welcome, heralds, messengers of-Jove, and also

avopwv' ire aogov’ buuec our EMatriot — pot,
of-men; come near: ye-ave not-at-all blameable by-me,
335 adrAa Ayaueuvwv, d¢ mpoie opwi sivexa
but Agamemnon, who sends-forth you on-account-of

koupne Boronidoc. AAAa aye, deoyevee IlarpoxAee,
the-maiden Briseis. But come, Jove-sprung Patroclus,

eSaye Koupny, xa doc agwiv aye
lead-forth the-maid, and give-her to-them to-lead-away :

d&. Tw auTw toTwY papTUpOl, mpoc-TE Makapwy
but they themselves be witnesses, both-before ¢he-blessed

* In Homer the imperfect is sometimes put for the aorist ; the
signification of these two tenses not being accurately distinguished
from each other in old writers.

¢ The character of heralds was always held sacred ,with the
ancients ; and any outrage offered to their persons was considered
as an offence against the Gods.

BOOK I. «85

Sewy, mpoc-re JIvytwv avIpwrwy, Kat mpog Tov
gods, and-before mortal men, and before this

aT nveoc BastAjjog, eurore § O& aure yevnrat 340
ruthless king, if-ever indeed again there-should-be

Xpew eusio apivat asxea Aoryov — roi¢
need of-me to-ward-off unseemly destruction from-the

addoig *—yap Sye Sve — oAorgar ppect,
rest — for surely he raves in-/is-pernicious thoughts,
ovde of0e rt vojoa apa tpocowt xat
nor knows-he at-all to-consider at-once ¢he-future and’

ortcow, drrwe Ayxaior paxewvrat coor of mapa
the-past, how the-Achswans may-fight secure for-him beside

ynvuot.”
the-ships.”

‘Qe aro’ Se T[larpoxAog erereSero piAty 345
Thus he-spoke: and _Patroclus obeyed his-dear

éraipw, Se ayaye xadArrapyov Bptonida ex
companion, and he-led ¢he-fair-cheeked Briseis out-of

KAtoinc, O& Saxe ayetv" Se tw erny aiuric
the-tent, and gave-her to-lead-away: and they went back
wapa = vijac Axawr’ de 1) yun xtev
toward ¢he-ships of-the-Achezans: and the maiden went
aexovea apa root’ avrap AxtAXeve Saxpvoac, apap
unwilling with them: and-then Achilles weeping, immediately

Zero vooge AacBece irapwy, ene
seated-himself apart secluded from-Ais-companions, on

* An Aposiopésis, or sudden interruption of the course of speech,
betokening strong emotion.

t This is verbatim the reverse of the peculiar attribute of Reason—
** looking before and after.”

36 : HOMER’S ILIAD.

Giva woAtic aXoc, dpowy ext otvowa wovrov.
the-shore of-the-foamy brine, looking on ¢he-dark-blue® sea.

350 Ae npnoaro roAda = ptAy mnrpt, opeyvue
And he-prayed much _ to-Aés-dear mother, stretching-out

xepac’ “ Mnrep, eet ve ETEKEC ye
hie-hands: ‘‘O-Mother, since at-least thou-hast-borne me
ep eovra = puvuvBadiov, OAuumtog-rep Zeve

although being short-lived, Olympian Jove

UyiBpeuernc opedArAev syyvadiEaet+ poe tiyunv’ Se
high-thundering ought to-have-bestowed on-me honour: but

vuv erioev pe ovde urfov. Tap 7]
now he-has-honoured me not-even in-the-least. For surely

Arpetdne evpuxpewy Ayauenvwv yryinoey pe
Atreus’-son wide-ruling Agamemnon has-dishonoured me:

355 yap sxet wv yepacg avro¢ arr
for he-has taken my-reward himself having-reft-it-
oupac.”
from-me.”’

‘Qe = garo Saxpuvxewy’ Se Tov worvia

Thus he-spoke shedding-tears: and him his-revered

* ocvowa—literally ‘* wine-coloured,”’ which hue would probably
resemble a deep purple, the wave being elsewhere called rop¢vupeoy ;
though we can scarcely define the colour either of the water or the
wine by this analogy, as the question is not yet determined, whether
the sea is green or blue. Homer, however, used the epithet gene-
rally to express any dark colour.

t EyyvadsEar, ‘‘ to put into the hollow of the hand,” from yvadow
a cavity.

$ The verb exw is often joined with the participle active of another
verb, when the latter as a finite verb would alone have been suf-
ficient. This combination nearly corresponds to the Latin captum
habet, and to our English expression, ‘‘ he bas taken.”

BOOK I.

untnp exAve, juevn ev. BevBecoty arog mapa
mother heard, sitting in the-depths of-the-sea beside

yepourt rarpe Se xapraAtwe avedu TOAti¢
her-aged father: and quickly she-emerged from-the-foamy

GXog, nire omtyAn’ kar pa xabeZero raporBe avroio
sea, like a-mist. and then she-sat-down before him

37

Saxpuxeovroc, karepetev-re* pup XEipt, eparo- 360

shedding-tears, and-caressed him with-her-hand, and-

TE eroc, re e&-ovouace’
spoke a-word, and called-him-by-name :

“ Texvov, Tt xAauete ; de te wev0oc
“* My-son, why weepest-thou? and what woe
ixero oe gpevac; E€avda, xevfe pn

has-come-upon thee in-mind? Tell-i¢-out, conceal-é not

vow, iva augw etdopev.””*+
in-thought, that both-of-ws may-know.”

Ae AxtAAkug wave rodac Bapvorevaywy mpocedn
And Achilles swift of-feet heavily-sighing addressed

Thy’ “* Oio8a: Tin ayopevw ravra Toe
her: “ Thou-knowest : why should-I-tell these-¢hings to-thee

eduiy mwavta; QryopeSa eg OnBnv leony wodrtw 365

knowing all? We-went to Theba the-sacred city

Herwwvoc, de ScerpaSouev-re thy, kat nyouev Tavra
of-Eetion, and both-destroyed it, and brought all-things

* The verb xarapeZw, ‘ to stroke soothingly with the hand” is
elsewhere (as in Book V. line 424) written xappefw ; — whence
probably own word ‘‘ caress,’’ of the same signification.

+ Sometimes in Homer the form of the indicative mood is sub-
stituted for the subjunctive—thus edopey for eddpey :—unless we
call this the Ionic subjunctive.

38 HOMER’S ILIAD.

evSade kat ra pev vie | Ayatoy sv
hither: and these indeed the-sons of-the-Achzans fairly ©

Sascavro =pera =e oguowv, = es EK
divided amongst themselves, and they-chose out

Arpady xaAXAurapyov Xpuvonioa’ Se aure
for-Atreus’-son fair-cheeked Chryseis: but afterwards

370 Xpvone, iepeve éxarnorAov AroAAwvog, HALE ewe
Chryses, priest of-far-darting Apollo, came to
Soag = vijag: —-xaAKoxirwywy Axatwv, Avoope-
the-swift ships of-the-brass-clad Achzans, both-about-

vOC-TE Suyatpa, epwy-re aepeioia arrotva,
ransoming hAis-daughter, and-bringing boundless ransoms,

EXWY-TE EV XEPoW oTEmpara ExnBorouv ATo\AWVoOE,
and-having in fis-hands fillets of-far-darting Apollo,

ava Xpvcey oxyTrpy’ Kat eAtaoeTo Tavrag A xatouc,
on a-golden sceptre: and he-intreated all the-Achzeans,

375 Se paXtora §=Arpesda, Suw Koopnrope Aawv. .
and especially Atreus’-sons, the-two leaders of-the-people.

Ev3a pev wavreg adioe Axatoe erevgnunoar,
Then indeed all ¢he-other Achzans shouted-approval,

iepija-re adeiaBa, Kat ay\aa
both-that-the-priest be revered, and _ that-the-splendid

arowa dex8ar: adda ivdave ovK Ayauenvovt
ransoms be-received: but it-pleased not Agamemnon

Arpedy Suuq, adda apie Kaxwe¢,
Atreus’-son in-his-soul, but he-sent-him-away disgracefully,

3R0 Se ewe =ereAXe Kparepov piOov. Ae 5 yepwv

and besides enjoined a harsh command. And the old-man

Xwousvac, wero wadw* Se Aro\dAwy nKovoev
enraged, went back: and Apollo heard

BOOK I.

roto svgaevou, ewer fev pada | pirog oi. Ag
him praying, since he-was very dear to-him. And

jxe xaxov [3eAog exe Apystoror Se of
he-sent an-evil arrow against ¢the-Argives: and the

Aaot vu Ovijo KOoV eTaCcouT €po de Ta

people indeed died heaped-on-one-another: and the

Kila Seoio erwyxero mavtn ava —s eupuy
shafts of-the-god went. every-where through the-wide

39

orparov Ayawv Se pavric ev edwe ayo- 385

army of-the-Achewans: but a-prophet well knowing pro-

peve aut Seorpomac ‘“Exarovo. Av
claimed to-us éhe-divinations of-the-Far-darter. Imme-

Tika «= eyw «=ompwrocg KeXopny DaoxecSac = Dov"
diately I first | exhorted to-propitiate the-god ;

de everra xoAoc Aaev Arpewva’ Se ata avactac
but then anger seized Atreus’-son: and quickly rising-up
niretAncev pvOov, = 6 de = core
_ he-uttered-a-threatening word, which indeed is

rereXcopevoc. Tap tny pev edtxwirec Axator ovv
performed. For her indeed dark-eyed Achzeans with

30g uni weptrovow Ec Xpvony, Oe ayovot dswpa 390

a-swift ship conduct to Chrysa, and they-bear presents

avakrt. Ag xnpuxec veov ef3av cArombev
to-the-king. And heralds lately have-gone from-the-tent

ayouvrec Thy Koupny Bptofjoc, tnv vlec Axatwy

leading the daughter of-Brises,whom ¢he-sons of-the-Achzeans

Socav pot. AAdAa ov, a Suvaca ye, weptoxeo
had-given to-me. But thou, if thou-canst at-least, protect

40 HOMER’S ILIAD.

fio mwaidsoc. EXOovca OudAuproves Xa Ara,

thy-own son. Going to-Olympus supplicate Jove,
timore On Tt wrvnoac kpadiny Aroc

if-ever indeed at-all thou-hast-delighted ¢he-heart of-Jove .

395 n ere, ne kas eoyy. Tap woAXaxt axovoa
either in-word, or even in-deed. For oftentimes I-have-heard

OEO EVXOMEVHC CYL pEyapololy Tarpoc, Ore
thee boasting in ‘¢he-palace of-my-father, when

epnaba omt ev a@avarooiy apdvat
thou-saidst ¢hut-thou-alone amongst immortals warded-off

aexea Aoryor xeXatvedet Kpovwwyt,
unseemly destruction from-the-black-clouded son-of-Saturn,

Swirore ahAort Orvprior nPerdov Evvdjom jv,
when the-other Olympians would have-fettered him, _

400 Hpn-re, de Tlocedawv, wat TlaAXag AOnvn. AAXa
both-Juno, and Neptune, and Pallas Minerva. But

av-ye eAOodca, Oca, tredvcao Tov Secuov, wea
thou having-come,goddess,didst-freehimfrom-chains,quickly -

kaXeoaca ecuaxpovOAupmwov - ‘Exaroyxetpov,
having-called to high Olympus Him-of-the-hundred-hands, |

* ‘Eoc, though properly a possessive of the third person, is some-
times put for the pronoun of the first and second. Thus éijog is here
used for gov.

t When the subject of the infinitive is also the subject of the preced-
ing finite verb, in Greek itis put in the same case, whereas in Latin it
would be changed to the accusative: the subject is here omitted as
usual, but its case is shown by the adjective oc, which agrees with ov
understood.

t In general, ad\doe means “ others,”’—ol addAot, ‘* all others,” or

‘* the rest,”’ like wavrec adXor, line 3765 but in poetry, this distinc-
tion is not always regarde!.

BOOK I, 4l

by Seot xaXeover Borapewy, Se wavrec avdpec re
whom the-gods call Briareus, and all men also
Atyawva’ yap 6 avre apetvwy ov trarpoc¢ Bry’
fEgeon: for he is-even superior-to his father in-strength:

de = pa xaSeZero yay xvdei mapa Kpovwver 405
who indeed sat-down exulting in-glory near Saturn’s-son °

rov Kat paxapec Qeot wreddecav, ovde
him even the-blessed gods quailed-beneath, nor more

eSycav. Tov viv pLvynocaca
bound-they-Jove. Of-these-things now having-reminded

puv wapeGeo, wat AaBe youvwy, axev Two 4
him sit-near-him, and take-hold of-Ais-knees, if by-any-means

eDeryoww — emt-apjéat Tpweooy,* de eXcat rouc
he-may-be-willing to-fight-for the-Trojans,and to-drive those

Axatove Kretvomevovg Kata-Te Tpupvac, Kat ape
Acheans_ slaughtered both-to ‘¢he-sterns, and near

aXa, iva wavreg eravpwvrat Pactdjjoc, Se 410
the-brine, that all . may-enjoy their-king, and
kat - Arpesténg svpuxpawy Ayapsnywy yuo

even Atreus’-son wide-ruling Agamemnon may-know

nv atny = ore ovdEev eTIoEV = aptoroY
his-own error in-that Ae-nothing honoured ¢he-bravest
Ayawy.”

of-the-Achzeans.”

Ae eetra Oeri¢ yeouda xara daxpu nuetBero Tov’
And then Thetis pouring down a-tear answered him:

* Although in Homer a preposition in composition may commonly
be taken apart from its verb, yet it seems better to unite them, when-
ever, as in this case, the preposition might otherwise appear to govern
the following substantive. Indeed, Homer elsewhere uses the com-
bined form exapitat.

42 HOMER’S ILIAD.

“SQ mot, Euov Texvoy, Tt vu = eTpEpOY = aE, rE
“Oh me, my child, why indeed did-I-nourish thee, having-
416 xovca - awa;* Ade ogedsct

brought-thee-forth unhappily? Would-that thou-couldst

Hola. rapa vyvow aSaxpirog Kat amnpev’ ewe.
sit -near the-ships tearless and uninjured: since

vu Tot aica wep = pvuvOa, ovrt pada
indeed thy destiny is-but for-a-little-while, not very

ony) de «(viv «oerAsco)§=6apia Ss waupopoc-re kat
long: but now thou-art at-once both-swift-fated and

, ot&¥pog wept wavtwy' Ty TEKOV GE KaKY
wretched above all: thus did-I-bear thee by-evil

ation ev peyapoo. Ae avtrn. cut = POC
destiny in my-palace. But I-myself will-go to

420 ayavurpov OdvyTrov epeovca rovro erog rot
snowy Olympus about-speaking this word for-thee

repruxcpauyy Ati, atxe wisnrat. AdAa
to-thunder-loving Jove, if he-may-be-perauaded. But

ov pey viv tapnuevoc WKUTOPOLTt VNVOL,
thou indeed now seating-thyself-near ¢hy-swift-going ships,

pnvis Ayaoiow, de waprayv aroraveo 70-
be-wrathful with-¢he-Achzans,andaltogether cease from-

* In Greek, asin Latin, adjectives are often put in the neuter, both
singular and plural, in the sense of adverbs, as aiva for asviic; or
with an article, as ra xpwra, line 6: also in the masculine and
feminine, when referred to substantives, as yS:Zo¢ for x3ec, line 423
And vice vers4, adverbs are sometimes put with the verb expe instead of
adjectives, as below, pivuy3a wep, ours pada ony.

+ This form is often used in the expression of a wish, as ‘ If thou
couldst but sit”’—though the phrase might be rendered with more close.
ness ‘‘ thou shouldst rightly sit’’—from oper, to owe, as in line 363.
But the form is rather peculiar, and later writers use se wpehov, weeds, as
conjunctions, like utinam.

BOOK f.

Aeuov. Tap Zeue en xOcZoc ext Qxeavov pera daira
war. For Jove went yesterday to Oceanus to a-banquet

pera anupovag AtStorijac’ Se ravreg Oeot
amongst ¢he-blameless Athiopians: and all ¢he-gods
éxovro apa. Ae Swoexary eXsucerat

followed together. But on-the-twelfth-day he-will-come

43

avri¢ rov* OuAuprwoves’ kat rore emetra —— itt 495

again ‘for-thee to-Olympus; and then afterwards I-will-go

TOL « WOTe xaArxoBareg dw Atog, cat youvacopat-
forsthee to ¢he-brazen-based dome of-Jove,; and I-will-clasp-

yw, kat tw gate SS rate Oat.”
his-knees, and I-think that-he will-be-persuaded.”

‘Qe apa gwvncaca ameBnoaro’ Se cedure Tov
! Thus then having-spoken she-went-away: and left him

aurov xwouevoy kara Jupov, svgwvoio §=yuvaixot,
there enraged in soul, for-the-fair-zoned damsel,

rn pa amnupwy Bry aexov-
whom indeed they-had-borne-away by-force from-him-

roc. Avrap Odvaceve Ikavey e¢ Xpvonv, aywv
unwilling. And-then Ulysses came to Chrysa, bringing

leony éxaroufsnv. Ae of Sn dre lkovro 430

a-sacred hecatomb. And they truly when they-were-come

tvrocg roAuevOeoct Ayevog, cretAavro wey lorca,
within ¢he-very-deep haven, furled indeed éhe-sails,

* Though rox is often used as an enclitic particle, it may here be
considered as the Doric form of the pronoun coe, an elegant redun-
dancy.

+ Our poet Cowper supposes this word to express ‘‘ variety of
soundings,” which idea could scarcely be conveyed in an English
epithet. But we often find wodvg, in composition, expressive of the
magnitude of the whole, without exclusive reference to the multitude

of the parts.

a

44

HOMER'S ILIAD.
de Secav ev peravy vii de icroy
and laid-them on _ the-black ship: and the-mast

weAacav farodoxy, UpEevTEG WpoTOVOtaty
they-neared to-its-receptacle, letting-i¢-down by-¢he-shrouds

kaprradtwe Se | thy mpoepvocay _epetpot¢
quickly : and the-ship they-pulled-onward with-oars

435 «¢ dpuov, Se eBartov ex evvac,* de ednoav

into ¢he-road, and threw out anchors, and bound

kara mpuuvnoa O€ Kat avrot Satvov ex
down f¢he-cables: and also they-themselves went out

ere pnypivm Sadaconc’ Se = exBijcay = ExarouBnv
on the-shore of-the-sea; and they-disembarked the-hecatomb

EcnfSotw § Aro\Awm. Ae Xpvonic exBij
for-far-darting Apollo. And Chryseis went-forth
440 tovroropoio vnoc. Tnv evs erretra
from-the-sea-passing ship. Her indeed _ then
Odvaceuvg rodvuntig aywv exc Pwpovr,
Ulysses of-many-counsels leading to ‘¢he-altar,
TIJEL EV XEPOL pity warpt, kat mpoceeerev
placed in the-hands of-her-dear father, and addressed
piv*
him:

“"O Xpuon, Ayapenvwr avat avdpwv etemper pe
“‘O Chryses, Agamemnon king of-nen sent me

mp0, a@ysuev-re Tratda co, pegat-re leony
forth, both-to-bring ¢hy-child to-thee, and-to-offer a-sacred

&arouBynvy PoBw trep Aavawy, oppa idac-
hecatomb to-Phoebus for the-Danai, that we-may-

* Evvac, ‘‘ beds:” this word is occasionally used by Homer for
anchors, as anchors give the ship rest.

BOOK I. 45

gwusesya avakta, 6¢ viv ediixev Apyeouet
propitiate ¢he-king, who now has-sent-upon ¢he-Argives

woAvotova Knoea.” 446.
lamentable = woes.”

‘Qo ettwr, TUTEL ev xeporv Se 6
Thus having-spoken, he-placed-her in his-hands: and he

Xalpwv edelaro piAnv waioa’ O& TOL Wka EoTHOAY
rejoicing received his-dear child: and they quickly set

seine mwepe evdunrovy Bwpyov cAerny EarouBny
in-order round ¢he-well-built altar ¢he-noble hecatomb

Gep. - Ae erera xepvupavro,* kat
to-the-God. And then they-washed-their-hands, and

aveAovto ovAoxurac.t
took-up the-barley-cakes.

Ae Xpvone evyero peyada roto, avacxwv 450
And Chryses prayed much for-them, holding-up

xeipacg’ “ KAvOe ev, Apyuporoke, de apgpi-
his-hands: ‘‘ Hear me, _ Silver-bow, who hast-ever-

* It will be observed in the translation that sometimes pronouns
combined with verbs are not printed in Italic, although the Greek
dves not appear to give any particular equivalent: but it will in these
places be found that the Greek verb has a middle signification, which
form fully expresses that the subject acts on or for itself. Thus
xeprewropar does not signify merely ‘‘ to wash hands’’—but properly

. to wash one’s own hands.”’

t OvAoxvrat were cakes composed of meal and salt, which used
to be crumbled on the head of the victim, before it was sacrificed.
This word is sometimes understood to denote ‘‘ the baskets from which
the salted meal was poured.”

46 HOMER’S ILIAD.

BeBnxac* Xpvaonv, ZaSenv-re KiAAav, avaccec-re
guarded Chrysa, and-divine Cilla, and-reignest

pe Tevedoro. Hén ev wore mapoc
mightily at-Tenedos. Already indeed once before

exAvEc Euev evEapevoto’ Tysnoac
thou-heardest me _ having-prayed;. thou-honouredes‘

pe - pev, Of peya apao Aaov
me indeed, and greatly didst-thou-harm ¢he-people

Axawy’ NOE ert Kat VUY ET(KPNQVOY poL TOdE
of-the-Achzeans ; but yet even now accomplish for-me this

455 cedowp, viv dn apivoy asixea Aoryov.
desire, -now already ward-off unseemly destructior

Aavaoiow.”
from-the-Danai.”

‘Qo eparo evxopevoc’ Se PoiBoc AToAAwy
Thus he-spoke praying; and Phoebus Apollo

ecAve tov. Aurap ere pa evEavro, Kar
heard him. But when then they-had-prayed, and

mpoadovro ovAoxuTac, mpaTa ev epvoav
thrown-forth ¢he-barley-cakes, first indeed they-drew

au, kat eopakav, cat = edetpav,
back the-necks-of-the-victims, and slew-them, and flayed-them,

460 eG&srapov-re punpove, exaAuav-re xara Kvcoy,
and-cut-off ¢he-thighs, and-covered-them down with-fat,

womoaavrec Surrvxa, Oe emt avrwy wpoern-
having-made-# two-fold, and on them they-placed-raw-

® From apgiBarvw “ to walk round,” comes by any easy metaphor
the sense of ‘‘ to protect ;’’ the same term is applied to neas guard-
ing the body of his friend, (Book V. v. 299.)
‘« As the grim lion stalks around his prey.”

BOOK I.
cav.* Ac 6 yepwv aie em ayidyc, - de
pieces. And the old-man burnt-them on cleft-wood, and

AdBe ext arora oivov' de veot. Exov XEpow
poured on-them dark wine: and youths held in-¢heir-hands

wapa avrov weurw Gora. Avrap ere Mijpa
near him five-pronged-spits. But when ¢he-thighs

xan kara, Kat ewacavro omwAayxva, apa-
were-burnt down, and they-had-tasted ¢he-entrails, then-

47

re pucruAdov-rE adda Kat appt-eretpay 465

also they-both-cut-up ¢he-other-parts and _pierced-them

oBeAdotow, wrrncav-re TEpippadewc, EpvoavTo-re
with-spits, and-roasted-them nicely, and-drew-off-again

wavra. Avrap ewe wavoayro ‘Tovou, reru-
the-whole. And when they-had-ceased from-toil, and-
KOVTO-TE daira, Satvuvro’ ovds Supo¢

nad-prepared the-banquet, they-feasted; nor did-éke-soul

sSevero tt stone datroc.t Avrap ewet
want at-all due entertainment. And when

évro s&s spov wootoc Kal eonrvoc,
they-had-taken away ¢he-desire of-drinking and of-eating,

* After covering with fat, above and below, the flesh which was to
be burnt in sacrifice, they cut off small pieces of raw flesh from all the
other parts of the victim, in order that the whole might appear to be
offered to the gods, and spread them in slices over the thighs thus
_ cased in fat ; which last process is denoted by the verb wpoSernoay.

+ Eionc—Homer applies this epithet to four very different substan-
tives—vis. to daitc, vaic, aoc, and gpevec: with daic, it denotes that
every one receives a proper portion of viands; with vave, that the
vessel is equal on each side, or well-balanced ; with acme, that the
shield is every where equal, on account of its circular form; with
¢pevec, that the mind is even and consistent with itself, corresponding
to the idea of ‘* equanimity.”

>

48 HOMER’S ILIAD.

470 xotpo erecrapavro pev xpnriipac woroio’ Se apa
youths crowned indeed ¢he-bowls with-drink ; and then

vwunoay waotv, srapEapevor*
they-distributed to-all, having-made-the-first-offerings
Seraecouy. Ace of ravnpepiort idacxovro
from-the-cups. And they all-day-long propitiated _
Seov poATy, KoUpot Ayatwy asdovrec

the-god with-melody, young-men of-the-Achzans singing

kadov watnova,t peArovrec ‘Exacpyov' Se 6
a-beautifiul pzean, hymning ¢the-Far-Smiter: and he

axkovwy reptero gpsva. Ae fuocg neAtog,
hearing was-gratified in-mind. And when ¢he-sun

karedv, Kai kvedac HAGE ext, rore Syn KotpnoavTo
went-down, and darkness came on, then truly _ they-slept

475 mapa mpupvynoia vyoc. Ae iyuog = nptyevera§
near ¢he-cables of-the-ship.. And when ¢he-early-risen

* I¢ was customary with the ancients, at banquets, to make a liba-
tion to the gods before they began drinking, by pouring a small quan-
tity of wine from the goblet on the earth or on the table, as fully ex-
pressed by Virgil--(4n. I. v. 736). See also another parallel in
v. 724 of the Zneid.

t The adjective waynpepior is here put for the adverb waynnap—as
also neptn for Hp, line 417. See the note tov. 414.

+ The Pan was a sacred hymn, chaunted in honour of Apollo,
who was named Tlatwy (from waw to strike), because he slew the
dragon Python with his arrows. This Pean was sung on various
occasions of rejoicing by the later Greeks, particularly on obtaining a
victory ; but not exclusively in honour of Apollo, as there was also a
peculiar Pean addressed to Mars on joining battle.

§ Hosyeveca is sometimes rendered ‘‘ Daughter of the Dawn ;” but
perhaps this matronymic scarcely distinguishes the persons of parent
and offspring. The Morning is more commonly called by classic
authors ‘‘ Daughter of the Night.”

BOOK I.

podosaxrvAog Hue avn, Kat TOTE erretra
rosy-fingered Morn appeared, even then already

avayovrTo pera eupuy orparoy Ayatwy. Ag
they-were-weighing for the-wide army of-the-Acheeans. And

Exaspyoc AmoA\XAwy fe roto upevov ovpov. As
far-smiting Apollo sent to-them a-favourable wind. Then

49

of ornoavro lIcrov, weraccay-Te ava Aevxa 480

they erected the-mast, and-spread upon-it the-white

ioria’ Se aveuocg mpiicev ev recov loriov, de
sails; and ¢he-wind blew into the-middle of-the-sail, and

augt . oreipy Toppupeoy kupa taye peyada, vnoc
around (¢he-keel the-purple wave roared loud, ¢he-ship

tovonc’ de 1) eIeev kara kvpia, StaTrpnocovca
going-along: and she ran through ¢the-wave, cutting
xeXevOa. Avrap exer pa ikovro Kata eupuy

her-way. And when then they-were-come to the-wide

otparov Axawy, olye pev spvocay pedatvay vija 485

army of-the-Achseans, they indeed drew ¢he-black ship

ewe = ntretporo wifov emt Yapaborc, Se ravuccay ro
on-to ¢he-continent high on ¢he-sands, and fixed under-it

paxpa ppara’ Se avrot eaxtOvavro KATA-TE
long props: and themselves were-dispersed both-amongst

kAtolac veag-TE.
the-tents and-ships.

Aurap 0, Tapnuevocg wxuTopoise vyvat, pnuee,
And-still he, seated-near ¢he-swift-going ships, was-wrathful,

Stoyevne vlog IInAewe, AytAAkue, wxue rodac,
the-Jove-sprung son of-Peleus, Achilles, swift of-feet,

OUTE TOTE TWAECKETO ELC KUdLAVELPaY ayopny, oUTE
nor ever went-he’ to ¢he-illustrious council, nor

He HOMER’S ILIAD.

490 Tore ec woAcpov~ye" aAAa GOwubecxe Grrov kip,
ever to the-war; but he-wasted Ais-dear heart,

pevwv avOi, Se woOeecxe avrnv-re —-wrode-
remaining there, yet longed-for both-the-battle-cry and-
pov-te.

war.

Adda bre Sy-pa Suwédexarn nwo ex roio yevéro,
But when indeed ¢he-twelfth morn from that was-come,

kat-On ToTe atev eovTec Osor icav wpoc
truly then the-ever existing gods went to

495 OdXuurov wavreg aya, Se Zeve ipye’ ds
Olympus all together, and Jove led-the-way: then

erg ov-AnBero ederpewv tov rradoc, adda tye
Thetis forgot-not ¢he-injunctions of-her son, but she

avedvaaro xvpa Sadacong, de nepim ave3n peyav
emerged-from the-wave of-the-sea, and early ascended great

ovpavoy OvAuywor-re’ Se = evpev evpvoTa
heaven and-Olympus; and she-found ¢he-far-seeing

Kpovdny juevoy arep adXwy, axporary xopugy
son-of-Saturn sitting apart-from others, on-the-highest top

500 wroAvdepadog OvAuproto. Kat pa xadcZero rapaibe
of-many-peaked Olympus. And then she-sat-down before

avroio, kat Aaf3e youvwy oxaty’ ds
him, and took-hold of-his-knees with-her-left-hand: and
deEcrepy apa = idovea = tro avOepswvoc,*
with-éhe-right then taking-Aies under the-chin,

Aicoopevn mpoceecre Ara Kpovwwva avaxra.
supplicating she-addressed Jove the-Saturnian king.

* avSepewy signifies ‘‘ the chin,” as including the idea of bloom
which applies to the growth of the beard—from the verb avSew to
blossom.

BOOK }I. 51

“ Tlarep Zev,* eerore On }=cvnoa = oes
** Father Jove, if ever truly I-have-aided thee amongst

afavarootv, n Emel, nN EPYyY, KpPNDVOY Tooe
the-immortals, either in-word, or in-work, accomplish this

eeASwo por’ tyunooy pot viov, dc exdeTO wKULOpw- 505
wish for-me: honour my son, who was-made most-swift-

rarog aAAwy’ arap viv ye Ayapenvwv, avak
fated of-others: yet now indeed Agamemnon, king

avopav nTinoev pv yap exe iAwy
of-men, has-dishonoured him: for he-has_ taken
yepac, avroc atroupac. Ad\Aa av

his-reward, himself having-reft-it-away. But thou

aep ricov piv, Odvpmee, pyrera Zev Se
however honour him, Olympian, provident Jove: and

roppa _ rife xparog emt Tpweoot, oppa Axatot
for-a-while bestow power on ¢éhe-Trojans, until ¢he-Achzeans

av-ricwoty Euov viov, opeAAwour-re E rity.” 510
compensate my son, and-increase him in-honour.”

‘Qe gato’ Se vedeAnyeperat Zeve mpocedn
Thus she-spoke: and cloud-collecting Jove addressed

rnv ourt, adAa foro Sony axewy' Oe Oeric we
her not-at-all, but sat a-long-time silent: and Thetis still

* These words Zev warep were so frequently combined, that they
came at length to coalesce into one title; whence in Latin we have
the name of Jupiler.

t The Zolians substituted the termination of a for y¢ in the no-
minative of nouns of the first declension. Hence the termination of
Latin nouns in a, the Roman language most resembling the Xolie
dialect of the Greek; for, to use the expression of Athensus—* the
Romans imitated the olians in all things, even to the very tones of
their voice.”

52

HOMER'S ILIAD.
nlaro youvwy,* we — Exero Eumepuvia, Kat
clasped fAis-knees, as she-were-held grown-to-them, and

npsro avfic Sevrepov.
asked again a-second-time.

““Nnugprec On ev vwooyee pot, kat KaTa-
‘ Without-fail then indeed promise me, and _ nod-

515 vevoov, n arose’ eet doce ov emt rot’ ‘o¢pa

assent, or deny-me: since fear fe-not on thee: that

etow &v, docov eyw eye Sec aripo-
I-may-know well, how-far I am a-deity most-dis-

raTn peta rao.”
honoured amongst all.”

Ae vepeAnyepera Zeve ox Onoacg peya mpocegn
Then cloud-assembling Jove groaning greatly addressed

my “"“H on epya Aoryta, Ste EGn-
her: “ Surely then ¢hy-works are-pernicious, when thou-

auc sue exDodarijoa “Hpy, drav epeOyorv
urgest me to-give-offence to-Juno, whilst she-provokes-me

OvELogtolc exreccotv. At 1 katavrwealel vEKEl
with-reproachful words. And she even thus ever is-chiding

520 Me «= ev_—s aDavaruict Ocoict, cat gyowre =

me amongst ¢he-immortal gods, and also-says that-I

apnyev Tpwecoty payy AdAa ov pew viv
aid the-Trojans in-battle. But thou indeed now

avsic aroorixe, pn ‘Hpn vonoy oe
immediately retire, lest Juno should-perceive thee:

® Greek verbs signifying the action of any of the senses, commonly
govern a genitive case.
t emis here put for eweor:—see note to line 258.

BOOK 1.
ée aura Ke-peAnoerat ENOL, o¢pa Te~
and these-thinge shall-be-a-care to-me, that I-may-per-
ANecow. Er-de* aye, xaravevoopat rot. KE-

form-them. But come, I-will-nod-assent to-thee with-my-

gary, ofpa weroisyc. Tap rovro peytoroy
head, that thou-mayst-trust. For this is-the-greatest

reuwp e& eustey ye peta adavaroicr

sign from myself at-least amongst ¢he-immortals:
yap euov ov madtwayperov, ovde amarndov,
for mine-is neither reversible, nor deceitful
ouvde ‘areXeurnrov-yest ore KEV-KaTaVEVoW
nor umaccomplishable, whatever I-may-nod-assent-to
Keparj.”
with-my-head.”

“ Kpoviwy if, Kat emt-vevoe Kvaveyoty odpvat.

“ The-Saturnian spoke, and nodded with-hie-dark brows:

de apa apPpoctat yairat avaxrog ereppwoarro aro
and then the-ambrosial locke of-the-king were-shaken on

53

525

aQavaroto x Ah edcdtEey peyav OAupzrov. 530

is-immortal : and he-made-tremble great Olympus.

Tw-ye we BovAcvoavre Sterpayev’ 1) pev erecra
They thus having-consulted were parted : she indeed then

aAro ec Badeiay ada aro aryAnevtoc OAvurov’ Se
leapt into ¢he-deep sea from bright | Olympus: and

* Ec d'aye is a common form of exhortation. and has the force of
Virgil’s ¢ja age (rumpe moras), ‘‘come then,” in opposition to
araye, “* away:” otherwise es may be understood as a conjunction,
and the verb BovAy be supplied, as ‘‘ if thou wilt, come,’’ &c.

t The three causes which might produce a violation of promise—
change of mind, deceit, and incapacity, are severally denied mm these
three verbals.

/

HOMER'S ILIAD.
Zeve wpog «ov §=Oayat =e ravrec Ocor dpa
Jove went-to his-own mansion: and all the-gods together

aveorav && = Sewv, —evavTiov opov warpoc’ ovoE
rose-up from ¢heir-seats, in-presence-of their father: nor

erAn = Ti petvat ewepxouevoy, adda awavrec
dared any-one seated-to-await him-coming, but all

535 eorayv avriot.

stood opposite.

‘Qo 5 pev xabeZero evSa ext Opovov’ ovde
Thus he indeed sat-down there on ¢he-throne: nor

‘Hpn Wyvomncev pv, = Wovca —E_ Sr
Juno was-ignorant-concerning him, having seen that

apyupomela* eric, Ovyarnp ado yepovrog,

silver-footed Thetis, daughter of-the-ocean sage,
aupgpascaro ovdac ol’ avrika 1 poa-
had-been-devising plots with-him: immediately she-ad-
nuda Aca Kpovwva xepropuiorot.

dressed Jove ¢he-Saturnian with-reproachful-swords.

“Ae ric av Sewv, Sodropijra, oupdpac-
* And who again of-the-gods, deceitful-one, has-been-

540 caro PovAag rot; eorw ate girov_ rot,

devising plots with-thee? it-is always dear to-thee,

covra voogdiy aro Euev, PpoveovrTa SucaZeyev
being away from me, deliberating to-determine

* It is not necessary to adopt the interpretation of early commen-
tators, who refer this epithet of Thetis to the silver fringe of her robe :
for apyupoweZog seems rather to intend the radiant whiteness of her
feet — as ypucoxopoc expresses the colour and brightness of the hair.
The curious in allegorical lore give the prose version of this epithet,
by reminding us that Thetis personifies the sea, which on its extreme
borders, (i. e. the shore), is white with foam: whence the poet styles
the sea near the shore woAco»—but in the deeps, otvowa or peAava.

BOOK I.

kpuTtadia’ ovde mw TL mpoppwy rerAnkac
secret-things: nor ever at-all willing dost-thou-endure

etmety pot eroc, O6-TTL vonctic.”
to-speak to-me a-word, whatever thou-shalt-think.”

At evetra rwatnp avdpwrv-re Oswv-re nperfsero
And then éhe-father both-of-men and-of-gods answered

rnv’ “ Hon, Sn emeAweo pn etdnoey ravtag euouc
her: “ Juno,indeed hope not to-know all my

uvyouc’ ecovrat yadero: rol, ep Eovey
counsels: they-will-be afflicting to-thee, although being

av\oxy. AdrAa bv pev xe [en] evtecxec
my-wife. But whatever indeed it-be fitting

axoveuev, eTretTa ouTi¢ ouTEe Oewy oure avOpwrwy
that-thou-hear, then no-one either of-gods or of-men

eloeTal TOVYE TPOTEpOC’ ys ov eywv av-e0e-
will-know this before-thee: but whatsoever I should-

Aout vojoa amavevOe Oewv, Stetpeo av
wish to-deliberate apart-from ¢he-gods, question thou

pre éxaora = ravra, = ane peraAAa.”
not-at-all each-of these-things, nor enquire.”

Ae erara Bowmic* rorvia ‘Hon nueBero rov"
And then ox-eyed venerable Juno answered him:

© Bowerg — this epithet, derived from an animal not remarkable
for sagacity, may perhaps sound rather harsh ‘‘ to ears polite ;”

but the ox was far more respected in days of yore, and even
modern bards condescend to borrow the attribute of a respectable
brute, as a compliment for the fair, in the eastern epithet ‘* gazelle-
eyed :”’—or, with still less disguise,

‘* By thy wild eyes like the roe,

Zw pov, Cag ayarw.”’

345

550

56 HOMER’S ILIAD.

“* Atvorare Kpovidn, rotov rov-pu0ov
‘* Most-dread son-of-Saturn, what-sort-of word
EeLTAC ; wapoc Yé& Eespouat Ge OUTE kal

hast-thou-spoken? aforetime at-least I-question thee not even

Amy, oure perarAdAw* adAa pada evxnrog Ppaeat
at-all, nor enquire: but very quietly thou-advisest

ra acca .eSeAyoOa. Ae viv Sedoua
those-things whatever thou-wilt. But now J-fear

aivwe kata ¢peva, pn apyupomeGa Gere, Suyarnp
terribly in my-mind, lest silver-footed Thetis, daughter

aXtovo §=-yepovroc, mapery ot Tap ye
of-the-Ocean sage, has-persuaded thee. For surely

555 WapeGeto aot nepin, xat Aafse -yourwv. Ty
she-sat-near thee early, and took-hold-of shy-knees. To-her

oiw GE karavevoat Ernrupiov, we
I-surmise that-thou didst-nod-assent assuredly, that

ryunous Axia, oe oAvssy¢e roAeac
thou-wouldst-honour Achilles, and wouldst-destroy many

ere vnuow Ayawy.”
at the-ships of-¢he-Achzeans.”

560 Ae vedeAnyspera Zeve amapeSouevog mpocedny
. But cloud-compelling Jove answering addressed
ryv’ “Aaovin,* aree pev oteat, ouee
her : “‘ Wretched-one, always indeed art-thou-surmising, nor

Anbu ae’ O€ ENC oUTe duvnceat
can-I-escape thee: but withal not-one-thing wilt-thou-be-able

* It will be observed that Sacsomoc is used in very different
senses — at some times as an epithet of respect, at others of re-
proach. This discrepancy proceeds from the indefinite meaning
of the substantive Saw», whence it is derived, which signifies
generally a genius, deity, or fortune, either good or evil.

BOOK I. 57

mpyéat, adda eocat euoe paddAov azo Supov'
to-perform, but thou-wilt-be to-me more out-of thought :

Se ro carat kat prytov aot. Aé et Tovro eoriy
and this will-be yet more-bitter to-thee. Yea if this be

ovrw, pede eivat girov enor. AdAa xaSnoo
80, it-will be grateful tome. But sit-down

axeovoa, Oe emimedeo ey posy® pn vu = Sear £65
silent, and obey my word; lest indeed ¢he-gods

édcoe tot ev OdvurW Xpatcpwotv Trot ov, ltovTE
all-who are in Olympus avail thee not, coming

_ Gooov, Grexev-edew rot aarrovg xéipac’”
forward, when I-lay-on thee my-irresistible hands.”

‘Qc eparo’ Se Bowme worwa ‘Hpn edSacev"
Thus he-spoke: and ox-eyed venerable Juno _feared:

kat pa KkaSijoro axeovoa, excyvauaca dirAov
_ and then she-sat-down silent, having-curbed her-dear

Kip. Ae ovpaviwveg Osot wySnoav ava 570
heart. And fthe-heavenly gods were-grieved. through

Sapa Atoc. Ae «Avrorexvne ‘Hgacoroc
the-dome of-Jove. Then ¢the-noble-artist Vulcan

HPXE ayopevety roiow, pepwy —_— ewwinpa pry
_ began té-harangue them, offering grateful-words to-his-dear

purpt, AeuKwAevy ‘Hpy.
mother, white-armed Juno.

ra

“"“H On rade ecocrac Aoryia Epya, ovdE ETE
“* Surely then these will-be pernicious works, nor longer

avexra, e On ow eptdaverov woe évexa
tolerable, if truly ye-two contend thus on-account

Sunrov, 6e eAavverov kokwov ev Osoict’ ovds
of-mortals, and excite tumult amongst gods: nor

pd

58 HOMER’S ILIAD.

575 sacerat rt Hooc eaSKjfic Oarroc, erat
will-there-be any pleasure from-a-godly banquet, since

Ta = xepetova Ss xa. «= A eyw rrapagnpt = en pt,
the worse-course prevails. But I exhort my-mother,

KQI-TTED aUTY vOEOVCY, PEpELY eTinpa giry
although herself considerate,to-offer grateful-scordsto-my-dear

warpe Ati, ofpa warnp yin-veceryor aire, Os
father Jove, that the-father may-not-chide again, and

auv-rapaéy «= Sara) = iv. Tao exert OAupumoc
disturb the-banquet for-us. For if ¢he-Olympian

580 acrepomnrne xe-eSeAyow, orupediEae 2& = Eewv"
lightener should-wish, he-would-hurl-ws from our-seats ;

yap 6 eorty woAu gepraroc. AdAaov xadamrecIat*
for he is far éhe-mightiest. But thou soothe

rovye padakoiow ertecow' evetra autixa = ODAupt-
him with-soft words: thenimmediately the-Olym-

_mtog goosrat ikaog = Hyiv.”
pian will-be propitious to-us.”

‘Qc apa edn’ — xa avaiEac, ridee
Thus then he-spoke: and having-started-up, he-placed

-augicuteAdcvt Serac ev xepor = pty sunt,
a-double-chaliced goblet in the-hands of-his-dear mother,

585 xat mpoceeure pv"
and addressed her:

* KaSawrecSa:, the infinitive mood is here used for the impera-
tive. This substitution is not uncommon, particularly in poetry,
and is most observable in the Jonic dialect, where we sometimes
find the two moods coupled togetlier in the same sentence, — (See
Book III. 1. 459.—Exdore, cas ryny aworwveney).—The expression
appears to be elliptical, as the verb SeX¢ is in some passages express-
ed before this infinitive-—as in line 277.

t The augucuwed\oy appears to have been ‘‘a double cup,” like
an hour-glass, adapted for inversion ; being of the same figure and
use both above and below.

BOOK I. 59

TerdaSt, eun pitrep, kat avacyeo, Ep Kndoptevn,
“Endure, my mother, and hold-up, through sorrowing,

un twuat ce ev odSadpotcw, wep eovcav
2st I-see thee with my-eyes, though being

giAny, Jevouevnv? Se Tore dSvynoopuat ourt,
dear-to-me, afflicted: for then I-shall-be-able not-at-all,

TED AXVUMEVOC, Xpatopety’ yap OAupmiog apyadeor
however pained, to-avail-thee: for the-Olympian is-difficult

avripepeoOar. Tap non xa pe, pepawra adrckepe- 690
to-oppose. For lately even me, desiring to-assist-

pat aAdore, pepe, reraywy wooo
thee once-before, he-threw, having-seized-me by-the-foot,

aro Yecwecioo (SnrAov. Ase gepounv wav ipag,
from the-divine threshold. And I-was-carried all day,

Se Gua = neAty Karaduvrt Kamrecoy ev Anpriy’
and together with-the-sun setting fell-down in Lemnos:

de oArryoo Oupog ere evizev’ eva Yivriee avdpec
and little life yet was-in-me: there Sintian men

adap Koptcavro ple weoovta.”
soon recovered me having-fallen.”

‘Qc gparo, Se Orca = AevewAevog ‘Hpy 595
Thus he-spoke, and the-goddess white-armed Juno

pednaev’ Se wecdnoaca, edeEaro XElpt kumreAAov
smiled: and smiling, she-received in-ker-hand the-cup

macoc. Avrap 6 evdc&ia wvoxoe tacw
of-her-son. Then he dextrously poured-wine for-all

toi¢ adAotot Oeoic, apucowy yAvKu vexrap aro
the other gods, drawing sweet nectar from

konripoc. Aeapa aopeorog yeAwe Eywpro
the-vase. | And then irrepressible laughter rose-amongst

60 HOMER’S ILIAD, BOOK I.

600 paxapecot Osoiowv, we wWov ‘Hpatoroy rormvvovra
the-bleased gods, whenthey-saw Vulcan ministering

ota Swpara.
through ¢he-halls.

‘Qe rore pev mporav huap e¢ xaradvyra neALov
Thus then indeed the-whole day to ¢the-setting sun

Saivuvro’ _— ovede edevero Supoe rt Etonc
they-banqueted: nor wanted ¢he-mind in-any-thing due

Satrog’ ov pev mepiadAsog popucyyoc, (nv
entertainment ; not indeed éhe-all-beautiful harp, (which

AroAAwy exe), Movoawr-re, al acidov apueSouevat
Apollo held), and-the-Muses, who sang responsive

Kady OF.
with-beautiful voice.

605 <Avrap ewe aumpov dace yneAto1o _—xaredy,
And-then when the-shining light of-the-sun sunk-down,

of ev. efSav éxacrocg oikovds Kaxxetovrec, UXe
they indeed went each homeward rest-desiring, where

wepixAurog ‘Hoatcroc apgeyunee romoe Sapa
illustrious Vulcan doubly-lame had-made a-palace

Exacrw Ouiyot mpamidecat.
for-each with-artful skill.

Ac Zeve Odupmiog aorepornrne vie mpog bv AExoc,
And Jove the-Olympian lightener went to his-own bed,

evSa wapoc KOtMaro dre yAuxug barvocg
where before he-used-to-lull-himself when sweet sleep

610 ‘xavor pw evSa, — avaBac, kaevde’
might-come-upon him: there,having-gone-up,he-slumbered :

Se mapa, xpvao2povog ‘Hon.
and near-him, golden-throned Juno.

TH

‘OMHPOT IAIAAOZ

MHNIN aedée, Oca, IInAniadew AxtAfjoc

OvAopevny, H pupe’? Axatoic adye’ eOnxe’

TloAXAag & ip Oiuouc Yuxag Aide rpoiapev

‘Hpwwv, avrove & Awpta revxe Kuvecow,

Ow voter re race’ Arog 8 ereAtero BovAn’ 5
EE ov dn ra mpwra Stacrnrny eptcavre

Arpeione te, avat avdpwy, xa Siog AxtAAsve.

Tie 7’ ap ofwe Sewy epede Evvenxe paxecOat ;

Anrovc nat Awog viog’ 6 yap BacAni xoAwBac
Novooy ava orparov wpce xaxnv' oAsxovro de Aaor §=:10
Obvexa rov Xpvony yriuno’ apnripa*

Arpadng’ 6 yap iADe Soag er vnag Axawv,

* For the fifth foot of this verse, a spondee is substituted for the regular
dactyl ; which change ts more frequent in Greek than in Latin poetry.

62 “OMHPOY

Avcopevog re Suyatpa, pepwv +’ amrepetot’ arotva,
Vreupar exwy ev xepoww ExnBorov AtodArAwvoe,
Xpvcew ava oxnwrpy’ Kat eAcooeTo Travrag Axatove,
Arpeda Se padtora, uw xoopnrope Aawv’

Arpeioat re, kat adXot evxvnudeg Axatot,

‘Ypiv pev Seor* Sotev, OAvpmia Swuar’ exovrec,
Exrepoat [prapoco wroAuv, ev 8’ orcad’ ixeoBar"
Taida de poe Avoatre ptAny, ra 8’ arowva SexeoOe,
AGouevor Acog viov, éxenBoAov Aro\Awva.

Ev? addoe pev ravreg erevgnpnoay Ayator,
AdeiaBa & lepija, cat ayAaa Sex Oa arrowwa’

AXN’ ove Arpedy Ayaueuvore tvdave Supy,
AdAa xaxwe agiet, kparepov 8 ere puOov ered"

Mn ae, yepov, koAyoty eyw Tapa vyvat Ktyew,

HI viv dnOuvovr’, n vorspov auri¢ tovra’

My vv rot ov xpatopy oKnmrpoy, kat oreupa Seoio.
Tnv & eyw ov Avow, pty pty Kat yiipac erect,
“Hyuerepy eve orc, ev Apyei, TnAoO warpne, .
‘Ioroy erotyopnevny, kat esov AEXog avriowaayv.
AYN’ Ot, pn pe epeOiZe, cawrspoc we KE venat.

‘Qe epar’. edSacev 8 5 yepwv, cat erecero pvOy°
Bi 8 axewv rapa Siva rodugAotcor0 Sadacone.
Toda & ever’ avavevOe xewv npad’ 5 yepatog
AroAAwvt avakrt, rov nixouog rexe Anrw’

KAvO: ev, Apyvporok’, d¢ Xpvony augiBeBnxac,
KudAav re Za8env, Tevedoro re ige avaccee,
SuwGed> a wore roe yaptevr’ exe vyov epeva,

H et On wore rot xara Tova pinpt Exya

* Seo is a monosyllable, forming half of a spondaic foot.

15

20 —

25

30

35

40

IAIAAO® A.

Tavpwy no aryav, rode pot kpnygvoy eeAdwo"
Ticecay Aavaot gua Saxpva aotct eXscow.

‘Qe epar’ evxopevoc’ rou & ekAve PoiBo¢e Awo\Awy’

Ba Se car’ OvAupmoio. capnywy ywopevog «ip,

Tok’ woo exwv, augnpepea re paperpny’

ExAayEav & ap’ oiorot er’ wuwy xwopevoro,

Avrov xivnPevroc’ 6 8’ nie vucre come

‘“EZer’ exer’ arvavevOe vewv, pera © tov ene’

Aen de kAayyn yever’ apyupeoo [3i0%0.

Ovpijac ev Tpwroy erwXeEro, kat Kuvac apyouc’

Avrap ever’ avroiot Bedoc exemevxec eieic,

BadX” ater é wupat vexuwy Katovro Sapueat.

Evvijpap ev ava orparov w Xero xhjAa Yeoio"

Ty Sexary 8’ ayopnvee xaXecoaro Aaov AyAAkve’

Te yap exe ppeot Sixe Sea AevewAevog ‘Hon’

Knéero yap Aavawy, drt pa Svnoxovrag dSparo.

Ol & ewe ody nyepOev, Sunyepecc tv’ eyevovro,

Toto: 8’ aviocrapevoc peredn wrodac wxug AyuXAsve’
Arpedn, viv apps radwurdayxOevrac oiw

Ay avovoornotty, & kev Savarov ye puyommev’

Ec On duo woXeuog re Sana wat Aousoc Ayxatove.

AXN’ aye Sn riva pavriv epsouer, n lepia,

H xat oveporoXov, (xa yap r ovap ex Atog cori’)
‘Og x’ errot, 6 rt roogoy exwoaro Poif3o¢ ArroAAwy’

Ec?’ ap’ dy’ evywrje exeugerat, et 0 ExatouBne
Al Key Twe apvev Kuicone atywv TE TEeAELWY
BovAerat avriacag Hpiv aro Aoryoy apuvvat.

Hrot 6y’ we evrwy, xar’ ap’ EZero’ rotor 8 aveory
Kadxag Oecropidne owvoroAwy ox’ aptorog,

63

45

50

65

60

65

64 ‘“OMHPOY

’Oc¢ yon ra 7’ eovra, rar’ ecsomeva, TPO T EQvTa,
Kat vyneoo’ hrynoar’ Axa IAtoy aow,

‘Hy Sa pavrocuyny, tnv of rope PoiBoc Awo\Awv"

O¢ ow eippovewy ayopnoaro, kat pereetrev”
“O Axirev, xeAeat pe, Aci pert, pvOnoacBa
Mi AwoAXdwvog, ExarnfeAerao avaxroc.

Toryap eywv epew’ av Se ovvGe0, cat por opoccur, |

"H pev por rpoppwy ereowy war yepatv apnteav’

"H yap ofona avopa xoAwaeuev, b¢ peya wavrwy
Apyéwy kpareet, kat of meBovrae Ayatot.
Kpscowv yap BaoiXeve, dre xwoerat avdpe yepni’
Eurep yap re xoAov ye cat autjap xararepy,
AAXa ye kat peromioSev exet Koro, oppa reAsoon,
Ev arnOecow ioiot’ ov Se ppacat, & Me cawattc.

70

75

80

Tov & arapeBouevog mpocepn Todag wxug AxXiAdXeve’

Oaponcag pada, etwe Jeompomor, 6 rt oicBala.
Ov pa yap Amod\Awva, Ati prov, wre ov, Kadyav,
Evxopevog Aavaoio: Seomporiac avapatverc,
Ouric, euev Gwvroe kat exe xBove Sepxopevoro,
Zot xor\ye rapa vynvot Bapeac xeipag eros,
Lupravrwy Aavawy’ ovd’ nv Ayausuvova eye,
‘O¢ viv wodAov aptotog eve orpary evxerat Etvat.
Kat rore 8n Saponoe, cat nuda pavri¢g apupwr'
Our’ ap’ dy’ evxwAjic exmeuperat, ov’ Exaroune
AAX’ Evex’ apnrinpoe, 6y nripno’ Ayauenvwy,
Oud’ ameAvoe Suyarpa, cat ovx aredeEar’ atroeva.
Touvex’ ap’ adye’ eOwxev ‘Exnf3oXoe, nd” ert Sweet’
Oud’ dye mpiv Aomoto Bapeag xeipac ageter,
Tpev y’ avo warpe pry Sopevat EAnwrida Kovpny
Amptarny, avarowwoy, ayev 2’ lepnv ixarouBnv

85

90

95

IAIAAOS A 65

Ec Xpvony. rere xev pv (Aacoapevor werBomsev. 100
Hroe dy’ we ew, xar’ ap’ ero’ roict 8 avecry

Hpwe Arpedne evpuxpaewy Ayauenvwv

Axvupevoc’ peveog Se peya ppevec aupeeAacvat

TIeumAavr’, ooae Se of srupe Aaurerowvre eixrny’

KaAyavra mpwricra kak’ occopevog mpocettre’ 105
Mayrit xaxwy, ov Twrore pol TO Kpnyuvoy simac.

Ae rot ra xax’ eore ptAa ppect pavrevecOat’

EoS\ov & ovde rt ww eirac ewoc, ove’ ereXeooac.

Ka viv ev Aavaoior Jeomporewy ayopevetc,

‘Q¢ 8y rove’ ivexa ogiv ’ExnBodog adyea revxet, 110

Ovvex’ eyw xoupne Xpvonitog ayAa’ arowa

Oux eBedov SeEacSat’ ewer woAV BovAopat avrny

Orxor exetv’ xat yap pa KXuratuvnorpne rpofseBovAa,

Kovuptdin¢ adoxou’ eet ov Bey core yeptiwy,

Ou Seuac, ovde puny, ovr’ ap’ ppevac, ovure rt epya. © 115

AAAa xa we eBeAw Sopevat warty, & roy’ auevov"

BovAon’ eyw Aaov coov eupevat, n avoAscOat.

Avrap got yepac avuriy’ éroysacat’, oppa pn oto

Apyetwy ayspacrog ew* emet ovde cote.

Atvacere yap roye mavrec, & ot yépac epxerat adAy. 120
Tov & nuec(ser’ erecra wodapkne Siog AxiAcucg:

Arpadn xidtore, piAoKreavwrare Travrwy,

lig yap roe Swoover yepag peyabupor Axator ;

Ovéde re ww Ouev Evunia xeyseva wodda’

AdAa ra pev roAwy cEerpaSonev, ra Sedacrat’ 126

Aaoug 8’ ovx ereorxe wadtAAoya rabr’ exayerpecr.

AAa ov pev viv rnvds Sep mpoec’ avrap Ayaiot

TperAg rerparAg r’ atrortcoper, at xe woOt Zeve

Aqot woAtw Tpomy evrexeov sEadavaéa.

66 ‘OMHPOY

Tov & arapeousvoc rpocedy xpeewy Ayapenvwv’ 130
Mn®’ otrwe, ayabog wep ewv, Yeoexed’ AytAded,
KAerre vow" eet ov wapeAevaeat, ovde ME WeicELC.
H eOeXec, opp’ avrog exne yepac, avrap eu’ adrwe
"Haba Sevopevov; xeAcae de we tnvd’ arodovvat ;
AX’ & pev Swoovar yepacg peyabupor Axacor, 135
Apoavreg xara Supov, drwe avraktov carat’
Ex de xe pen Swwor, eyw Oe xev avroc EAwpat
H reov, n Atavrog wy yepac, 7 Odvojoc
Afw wv’ & Se ev xexoAwaerat, dv xev Ikwpat.
ANN’ nrot pev tavra perappacopecba Kat auric. 140
Nov &’ aye, vija peAatvay epvacopey ec ada diay,
Ec & eperac emirndec ayeipomev, e¢ 0° éxarou ny
Oaouev, av 8 avrnv Xpvonida caddArrapyov
Bnoopev’ elo de ric apxog avno PovAngopoc ecru,
H Acag, 7 [8opeveve, n Stog Odvaceue, 145
He ov, [InAady, ravrwy exrayAorar’ avdpwv,
O¢p’ hpi ‘Exaspyoy ihacceat lepa peEac.

Tov 0’ ap’ irodpa wy mpocepn rrodacg weve AxiAAEve"
QO pot, avadeny eremeve, KepdaAreoppor,
Ile rig roe mpogpwy exeow TaOnra Axatwv, 150
H ddov eADeuevat, n avdpacw ige paxecOar ;
Ou yap eyw Tow ivex’ nrvboy arypnrawy
Acipo paxnoopevoc’ eet out Mot arto ELoLY. |
Ov yap xwror’ euacg Bove nAacav, ovde pev lrmove,
Oude ror’ ev PO ep:BwAaxt, Bwriavepy, 155
Kaprov ednAnoavr™ emetn* pada wodXa peragu

* Though long vowels and diphthongs are often used short at the end of a
word when another vowel follows, yet, the same license in the niddle of a
word is less frequent in Homer than in Attic writers.

IAIAAO®S A. 67

Oupea re oxtoevra, SadXacca re nxnecoa’
AdXa oot, & pey’ avadec, ap’ Exropel’, oppa ov xapyc,
Tiny apvupevor MeveAay, oot re, kvvwra,
IIpo¢ Towwv" rwv ovrt perarperry, ovd’ adeyiZag? 160
Kat 8n pot yepac avrog agatpnoeaBat aretXtic,
De ewe woAN’ epoynoa, Socay oe por vleg Axawy.
Ou pey cot more tooy exw yepac, omror Ayator
Tpwwy exrepowo’ ev varopevoy troAeOpov.
AAAa 70 pev trAcioy roAvaixoc ToAELoto 165
Xeipec euat Sterrove”® arap, nv wore Sacpog ixnrat,
Soe ro yepac troAv peiCov, eyw 8° oAryov re piAov re
Epxop’ exw ee vijag, env exapw roAgutwy.
Niv & etue POinvd’, ewan wodv peprepov eoriy
Omad’ ev cuv vnvat Kopwricty’ ovde o” oiw, 170
Ev6ad’ aripog ewv, apevog kat rAovroy agueev.

Tov & nueBer’ eretra avat avdpwv Ayaneuvwr
Pevye par’, e ror Supog ewrecourat. ovde o” eywyst
Atooopat elvex’ eutio every’ trap’ euovye kat addot,
Ol xe pe repnoovot’ padiora Oe pnriera Zeve. 175
ExOtorog Se pot eaor Atorpegpewy BacrAnwy.
Ate yap rot epic re piAn, woAEuoL TE, paxat TE.
Ei pada xaprepog ecot, Jeog rou aot roy’ edwxev.
Orxad’ wy, cuy vynvat TE ONC, kat col¢ Erapolot,
Muppisovecory avacoe’ at0ev 8 eyw ovx adeyizw, 180
Oud’ ofopmat xoreovroc’ ameAnow Se ror woe
‘Oe ew adaipeirat Xpvonida PoiBoc AwoAdwy,
Tnv pev eyw ovy vyi rT euy kat Emote Eraporot
Tlepyw* eyw Se x’ ayw Bpionida xadX\rapyov
Auroc wy KAtotnvde, To cov yepac. op’ ev adgc, 185
‘Ocoow peprepoc ext aePev, orvyey Se cat adXoc

68 “OMHPOY .

“loov enor pacbat, car dpowOnpuevat avrnv.
‘Qe garo’ TnAawye & axoc yever”™ ev Se of ijrop
Zrnbecoww Aacrorn Stavdicxa peppnprEev,
H dye, pacyavoy o€u spvocapevog rapa pnpod, 190
Toug pev avacrnocev, 6 & Arpednv evapitor,
He xoAov wavosiev, epnrvose Te Jupov.
‘Ewe 6* ravl’ wppatve xara ppeva kat kara Jupov,
‘"EXxero & sx xoAcoto peya Ecpoc’ HADES AOnvy
Oupavobev’ wpo yap fixe Sea Asuewdevog “Hpn, 195
Apgw Spo Sup@ pirAeovea re, kndomevn Te )
Zr 8’ orev, Eavbiic Se xoune &A\e TnAcwva,
Ow patvoueyn, rov & adXAwy ovric dparo.
OauBnaev S Ayxireve, pera Se rparer” avrixa 0 eyvw
TladAad’ AOnvainy’ Servw Se of ooce paavOev’ 200
Kat pv pwvnoag erea wrepoevra mpoanvea’
Tur’ air’, Avytoxoto Atog rexog, &AnAovbag ;
H iva wBpww Wye Ayapeuvovoc Arpesdao ;
AAX’ sx rot epew, To Oe Kat rereAccOar oiw
“Hect trepowAmgot ray’ av wore Oupov odecay. 205
Tov 8 avre rpoceere Sea yAauxwmig Ann’
“HXOov eyw wavoovea reov pevog, ar xe wiOnat,
Ovpavofev’ wpo Se p’ Fixe Sea AsvxwAevoc ‘Hon,
Apgw dua Supq pircovoa re, kndopevy re.
AMX’ aye, AjNry’ Eeptdoc, unde Ecpog EArxeo yerpe’ — 210
AAN’ nrot ereoty pev ovedicov, we EceTat TE.
Ode yap cEepew, ro Se xat rereAsopevoy eorat’

ee

* ‘Ewe 6 is a spondee ; the two vowels in the former word being contracted
into one, and the latter word being made long.
t The iota, which is written under @ emall letter, is written efter a capital.

IAIAAOS A.

Kat wore rot rpi¢ rooca tapsocerat ayAaa Swpa,
"Y Bptog elvexa rade. ov 8 icyxeo, weOeo & jpiv.

Tnv 3° arapeBouevog rpocepn wodac weve AytAXeve’
Xpv pev opwirepov ye, Oca, erog stpvcatbar, 216
Kat pada rep Supq xeyoAwpevov’ we yap apevov.

‘Ooxe Oeoic exeretOnrat, pada 7’ exAvov avrov.

"H, wat ex’ apyupey xwrry oyxeOe xeipa Bapeiav’

Ay & e¢ xovXeoy woe peya Ecdoc, oud’ amiOnae 220
Mv)y AOnvainc 7 8’ OvAvprovde Be Bnet,

Awpar’ ec avytoxoro Atog, pera Saimovag adXouc.
IInAedne & eEairig araprnpoic exeecoty

Arpedny rpoceerre, kat ovrrw AHyE KOAOLO’

Owwoapec, kuvoc oppar’ sywy, kpadiny 8 edagoto,
Oure ror’ e¢ ToAguov apa Aap SwpnxOivat, 226
Ovre Aoxovd’ tevat ouy aptotynecoty Axawr,

TerAnxac Dupw’ rede roe np ederac eivat.

“H aoAv Awiov eort, kata orparoy evpuy Ayawy

Awp’ aroatpsicba, dari¢ Bev avriov ery’ 230
AnpoBopog BaciAkve, sree ovridavoicty avacceic’

“H yap av, Arpedn, viv torara AwBnoao.

AXX’ ex rot epew, Kat emt peyay Spkoy opovpat,

Nat pa rode oxirrpov, ro pev ovrore puAAa Kat oGovc
Pvc, even Towra rouny ev operat AsAorrev, 235
Oud’ avabinAnoe’ wept yap pa & yaXxoc ednfe

PuAAa re cat PAotov® voy adre pv vieg Axatwy

Ev wadapye popeovar StxacroAot, of re Septorac

IIpo¢ Atog eipvarat’ 5 de rot peyac ecoerat dpxog’

“H ror’ AyiAAjog 708n LEerat viag Ayatwy 240
Euuravrac roi¢ 8 oure Suvyceat, axvupevog mep,
Xpatopety, evr’ av. wodAot i’ ‘Exropog avdpogovoto

70 ‘OMHPOY

Ovnoxovreg mirrwot ov > evdoO: Supoy apveec
Xwopevog, dr’ aptorov Axatwy ovdey erioac.

‘Qe daro TInAedne’ wore Se oxirrpov Bare yary

Xpucaore jAotoe wevappevov’ sero 8’ avroc.
Arpedne 8 érepwlev eunvie® rotor Se Neotwp
‘Hoverne avopouce, Aryuc TlvAwy ayopnrne,

Tov yap avo yAwoong peAtrog yAuKwwy peev avon.

Tw 8’ ndn dvo pev yeveat peporwy avOpwrwv
E¢Oia0’, of of rpoodeyv aua rpagev nd eyevovro
Ev IlvAw nyaden, pera Se rptrarowcty avacaev.
‘Qe opi eigppovewy ayopnoaro, Kat pereeiTev®
“Q rorot, } peya wevOog Ayatida yatay ixavet.
“H Kev ynOnoat [ptapoc, Hptapoco re aides,
AdAo re Tpweg peya Kev xexapotaro Suny,
Et ogwiv rade ravra rufoaro papvapevotiv,

Oi wept pev BovrdAG Aavawy, wept 0’ core payeoSat.

AdAa miBea8”* augw Se vewrepw tcrov epeto.
H8n yap tor’ eyw Kat apsoow yewep vpiv
Avdpacty wptAnoa, kat ovrore pw’ oly’ abepiZov.
Ou yap rw rotoug tOov avepac, ovds Owyat,
Olov TepiBoov re, Apvavra rs roieva Aawv,
Kawvea 1’, E€adtoy re, cat avriBeov TloAvgnpoy,
Onoea r’ Acyedny, emtexeAov afavarora.
Kapriorot on xetvor excxQovwy rpagev avdpwr'
Kapriorot pev evav, kat kapreorote eaxovro,

™~ @npow opesxworst, kat exrayAwe awoXeocav.
Kat pev rototy eyw peouAcov, sx Tudou eAOdv,
TnAobev s&& Amine yang’ KxaAscavro yap avrot’

Kat payxopny ar’ euavroy eyw’ xetvotot 0’ ay ovric

Tov, of viv Bporo: sory ewtxPoviot, paxeorro’

245

250

255

260

265

270

IAIAAOS A.

Kat pev ped Bovlewy* Evrmov, reBovro re pvOy.

Adda ribeoSe cat vupec, eret rePeoSat apevovr'
Myre ov rovd’, ayalog rep ewv, avoalpeo Kovpny,
AMX’ ea, we of rpwra Socay yepac vleg Axa
Myre ov, InAadn, Ser’ epiGepevar Baorr{ji
AvriBinv’ emet ov7r00” Suotnc eupope riniic.
UKnrrovxo¢ BaoiAeve, wre Zeve KvOog Edwxev.

Ec d¢ ov xaprepoc eco, Yea Se oe yewvaro pnrno,
AAN’ bye peprepog eoriy, exet WAEOVETaLY avaccet.
Arpetdn, ov Se rave reov prevoc’ avrap eywye
Atooon’ AxAdjiit peOeuev xorov, b¢ peya Tacw
‘Epxog Ayatotow meXerat roAguoto Kakoio.

71

275

280

Tov 8 arapeBopuevog mpocedn kpewy Ayaueuvwv 285

Nat dn ravra ye ravra, yepoy, kara poipay eeurec.
AAD’ 60’ avno eOeAee wept ravrwy eupevat addwv"
Tavrwy pev xoareev eOeAet, wavrecot & avaccev,
[aot 8 onuavev’ arcv’ ov wececdat oiw.
Ec de pv atxynrny eBecav Seor atev covreg,
Tovvexa of rpodeovow ovedea pvOnoacdat ;

Tov 8’ ap’ droBAndnv nuecBero Siog AxiAAEve’
"H yap xev SeAog re xat ovriduvog xaXeouuny,
Ex dn cot wav epyoy vre&opat, 6 rre kev emroic’

290

* The last two syllables in BovAewy are to be pronounced as one 3 like the

final vowels in the word IInAniadew, in the first line of this Book.

t In the Homeric hexameter, a short syllable is often used long in the
cesura, even when followed only by one consonant, if this consonant be of
such kind as to be easily doubled in pronunciation : thus particularly when
the next word begins. with a liquid, as in this instance. Generally in old
Ionic wr'*ers we find greater licence taken in Prosody than in the Attic

Poets.

72 ‘OMHPOY

AAXotow Sn rar’ excredXeo, pn yao Emorye
Syuawv™ ov yap eywy’ ert cor TEceoIat oiw.
AdAo Se rot epew, av 8” evr Gpear BadAto ofan’
Xepot ev ourt eywye paxnoopat, eivexa Koupne,
Oure cot, oure rq adAy, eret pm’ adercare ye Sovrec’
Tov & adAwy, a por ort Jog mapa vi peAatvy,
Twv ovk av rt pepore aveAwy, aexovrog epeto.
Ex 0’, aye pny, wepnoa, iva yrwwar Kar olde
Aipa rot ala xeAatvoy epwnoet mrept Sovpt.
‘Q¢rw y’ avriBioot payecoapevw ereecow
Avotntnv' Avoav & ayopny rapa vyvow Axawv.
TInAdne pev emt kXtotacg Kat vijag cioac
Hie, ovy re Mevorriady Kat ole érapororv.
Arpedne 8 apa vija Sony adade rporpvocev,
Ec & eperag expevey eecxoory, ec 0” Exavouf3m
Bijoe Oey’ ava Se Xpvoyida xadArTapyov
Eloev aywv’ ev & apyog eBn worupnric Odvaceue.
Oi pev ever’ avafsavreg erenAcoy bypa KeAevOa.
Aaoug 8 Arpedne aroAupavecOat avwyev.
Of 8 aweAupatvovro, wat eg GAa Avpar’ eBadAov’
Epdov 8’ ArroAAwut reAnecoag ExarouBac
Tavpwy 70’ avyov, rapa Siv’ adocg arpvyerao’
Kyioon 8’ ovpavoy Ixev EXcooopevyn wept Karvy.

295

300

305

310

315

‘Qe of pev ra wevovro Kata otparov’ ov 0’ Ayapsnvwv

Anny’ epidog, thy mpwrov exnmeAno’ Axir{ji.

AAN’ bye TadOuBiov re xa EvpuBarny mpoceecre,

Tw of eoay knpvxe kat orpnpw Separroure’
Epxeoxov kAtotny TInAniadew AxiXijog,

Xeipog éAovr’ ayeuev Botonida xadArtrapyoy'

Ec 8¢ xe pn Senor, eyw Se xev avrog EAwpat, |

320

TAIAAO® A. 73

Aeovecot’ To of kat prylov ecrat. 325
‘Oc ettwv, pois, xparepov & ert pvOov ereAXe.
Tw 0 aexovre Barny mapa Siv’ aXog arpuyeroto’
Muppidovwy 8” emt re kAtorac Kat vijac ixeadny.
Tov & evpov mapa re xArory Kat vni peda
‘Huevov’ ovd’ apa rwye towy ynOnoev AxirAAeEve. 330
Tw pev rapBnoavre, kat atdopevw actAga,
Lrurny, ovde re pv mposepwveor, ovd’ epeovro.
Avrap 5 eyvw gow eve ppect, pwynoev Te
Xapere, knpuxec, Atog ayyedot, nde kat avdpwv*
“Acooy tr ouret pot uspec errariot, aA’ Ayapenvwv, 335
‘Oc opi mpoiee Botonidog eivexa xovpne.
AXX’ aye, Atoyevec TlarpoxAauc, eEaye xoupny,
Kat ogwiv Soc aye’ tw 8 avtw paprupot caotwy
TIpo¢ re Sev paxapwy, wpog re Suynrav avOpwrwy,
Kat wpog rov BaotAjjoc amnveoc’ evrore 8’ aire 340
Xpetw eueio yevyrat aetxea Aoryov apvvat
Toi¢ adAoie' — iq yap Sy’ oAorgor ppeor Suet,
Oude rt of88 vojoat Gua rpocow Kat oTicow,
‘Ommwe of rapa vnvat coot paxewvrat Axatot.
"Qe paro’ Tlarpoxdog Se pry exeweOe” Eraipy, 345
Ex & ayaye xAXtoine Bpronida xadXurapyov,
Aoxe 8 ayev’ rw & abric ernv mapa vijag Axa’
‘H & aexovo’ apa rotot -yurn xtev. Avrap AxiAXevc
Aaxpvoac, irapwv agap ero vooge AtcaoSeac,
Oiv’ ep’ adog mwoAtic, Spowy ert orvoTra Trovrov. 350
TIoAAa os pnrpe pAy npnoaro, xelpac opeyvuc’
Mijrep, ewee p’ erexec ye pivuvOadioy wep eovra,
Trunv wep poe ogeAAev OAummiog eyyvadEat
E

74 “OMHPOY

Zeve vyiBpepernc’ viv S ovde pe rurOov ericev.
“H yap p’ Arpedne evpuxpawy Ayapenvwy 256
Hriunoey’ EXwy yap exe yEpac, avrog amoupac.

‘Qe paro Saxpuxewy’ Tov & exAve rorvia pnrng,
Hypevn ev BevOeoorv arog rapa rarpe yepovre’
KaprraAiuwe 0’ avedu roAtiig aXog, nit’ omexAn’

Kat pa rapor8’ avroio xafeZero Saxpuxeovroc, 366
Xerpe re pv Karepebev, ewog tr epar’, ex rT ovopace’

Texvoy, te kAaterg 5 Te Os oe Gpsvac kero wevOog ;
Efavda, pn xev0e vow, iva edopev apgu.

Tnv de Bapvorevaxwy mpooepy rodag weve AxiAAcve"
OteSa’ rin roe ravr’ eeduey wavr’ ayopeuw ; 365
Aryopued’ eg OnBny lepny wodw Herwvoe,

Tnv oe Sterpabonen re, cae yyouev evade ravra’

Kat ra pev ev Saccavro pera ogiow vileg Axawy,

Ex 8’ Aov Arpeady Xpvonida xadXAurapyov"

Xpvone & av0’, lepeuc ExarnoAov AtoAAwvoc, 370
“HAG Soag em vijag Ayatwy xaAKoxirwvwy,

Avoopevoc re Juyarpa, pepwv 7’ awepeot arrowva,
Ereupar’ exw ev xepowv EnBorov AtodAwvog,

Xpvoey ava oxnrrpy’ Kat eXiooero wavracg Axatouc,
Arpetda Se padtara, duw koopnrops Xawv. 375
Ev@ adAot pev ravreg erevgnunoay Axacor,

AeiaSar 3’ iepija, car ayAaa Sex Oat arowa'

AAN’ ovx Arpeady Ayapenvore tvdave Suny,

AdAa xaxi¢ aguet, kparepov & exe puBor eredAXe.
Xwopevoc 8 5 yepwv wadty wxero’ roto 8 AroAAwy 380
Ev&apevou nxovaev, ewer prada of gtAdog jev.

"He 8’ ex’ Apysioiat kaxov Bedog’ of de vu. Aaoz

TAIAAOS A.

Ovijoxoy exacoutepor' ra 8’ exw ero KijAa Yeoio
Tlavrn ava orparoy evpyv Axatwv’ ape de pavric
Ew eidwe ayopeve Seompomag ‘Exarovo.

Aur’ eyw mpawrog xeXouny Seow idacxecSar’
Arpsiwwva 8’ eweira yoAog AaBev’ atba & avacrac
HrreAnoev pvov, & dy rereAcopevog core.

Tny pev yap coup vni Sop EAuKwrec Ayator

Eg Xpvony reptrovey, ayouver de Swpa avaxte’
Tnv de veoy xAtoinBev eBay knpuxec ayovrec
Koupny Bptojoc, rnv pot Soca ule Axatwv.
Adda ov, et Suvacat ye, mepioxeo maisog éjoc.
EXBove’ OvAvprovec Ata Ncat, etrrore Sy re

H ere wynoac kpadiny Atog, ne kat epyy.
TIoAAaxt yap o£0, Tarpog eve peyapototy, axovea
Evxopevne, br’ epnoIa xeXavepet Kpoviwve

Orn ev aBavarorow asea Aoryov apvyvat, |
‘Omzore pv Evydiioat OAvpreoe nBeXov adXor,
Hpn r’, nde Tooedawy, cat MadAac AOnvn.

AAXa ov rov y’ eXDovaa, Sea, breAvaao Seopwy, *

“Ox” ‘Exaroyxetpov xaXscao’ e¢ paxpov OAuptov,
‘Ov Bprapewy xaAcovor Ocor, avdpec Se re wavrec
Acyawy” 6 yap are Bry ob warpog ape

‘Og pa rapa Kpovwve xabeZero xvdei yaw"

Tov xat Ureddetcay paxapec Oso, ovd’ er’ eOnoar.
Tov viv py pynoaoa wapeleo, kat Aase youvwy,
Ac xev we eBeAnot ext Tpweoorr apiEat,

Tove Se xara mpupvac Te kat aud’ ada eXoat Ayatove

Krecvopevove, iva wavreg eravpwvrat actAjjoc,
I've) 8s cat Arpedne evpuxpswwy Ayapepvwy

75

385

390

395

400

405

410

76 ‘OMHPOY

‘Hy arny, br’ apiorov Axaiy ovdev ertos.

Tov & nueBer’ ewecra Oeric, kara Saxpv xeovca’
Q, ot, Texvoy Euoy, TL vU a” ErpEpoY, atva TEKOUGG ;
Auf opeAec rapa vyvotv adaxpvrog Kat arnuwy

"Hoar eet vu roe aica pivuvba wep, ourt pada Sny'

Niv 0’ aua r’ wxupopog Kat oiGupog wept WavTwy
EmXe0' rq of Kay atoy TEKOY EV jEyapotet.
Touro de rot epeovoa exog Ati reprexepauvy
Eiy’ avrn wpoc Odvptroy ayavuigpoy, at xe weOnrat.
AAAa ov pev viv, vnuot mapnpevog wKumropotst,
Mn Axatotowy, woAguov 8 aromaveo wapuray.
Zeve yao en’ Oreavoy per’ auvpovac AOorijac
XOZoc eBn pera Satra’ Ocor 8 aa wavrec Exovro.
Awsexary Se rot avbig eXevaerar OvAuprovee’
Kat ror’ erera rot tue Aco wort xaAxoBarec oa,
Kat pv youvacopat, cat pv rretceabat otw.

‘Qe apa gwvncao’ arsB3noaro’ rov & ein’ avrov
Xwopevoy xara Jupov, evGwvoo yuvatkoc,
Tnv pa Bry asxovrog arnupwv. Avrap Odvoceuc
Eg Xpuony ixavev, aywv lepnv ixarouBnv.
Oi & dre Sn Aquevoe wodruevOeo¢ evrog ixovro,
‘Iorta pev areiAavro, Jecay O ev voi peAavy’
‘lorov & lorodoxy weAacav, mporovorotw dpevrec

415

420

425

43C

KapraAdwe’ rnv 8 etc épuov mpospvacay eperpoic’ 435

Ex 8’ evvag eadov, xara Se rpupvnow’ edncav’
Ex 8 xat avrot Baivoy ert pnypive JaXacane’
Ex & &aropBnv Bijcav ExnBorw AroAAwve’
Ex d« Xpvonic vnoc Bi wovroropouo.

Tyv pev ever’ ext Bwpov aywy roAupnric OSvaceve, 440

IAIAAO® A. 77

Tlarpt pw ev xepat riBet, eat pev mpoceecrer’

“Q Xpvon, zpo p’ erewhev avak avdpwv Ayapepvwy,
Tlatéa re cot ayepev, Poy 9° leony ExarouBny
‘PeEat brep Aavawy, op’ iAacowpeO’ avaxra,

‘Oc viv Apysorot toAvorova knoe’ ediixer. 445

‘Og eerwy, ev xepoe rDev’ 5 8” edeEaro yatpwv
Tlatda gtAnv’ ror 8’ ka Oew xAerrny éxarouBny
"E&ene eornoay evounroy mepe Bwpov.

Xepvupavro & erera, kat ovAoXurac aveAovro.

Totow Se Xpvong peyad’ evxero, xeipac avacxwv’ 450
Krv6c pev, Apyuporok’, d6¢ Xpvany augiBe3nxac,
KiAAav re Zabenv, Tevedoro re ipt avaccec,

H8n pev wor’ sued rapoc exAveg evEapevoro’

Tinoag pev eue,* peya 8 chao Aaov Axawy*

HO’ ere kat viv ot rod’ exixpnyvoy eeAdwp, 455
H8n viv Aavaoiowy aexea Novyov apvvoy.

‘Qe epar’ evxopuevog’ rov 8 exrve DotBoc AroAdwy.

Auvrap ere p’ evgavro, kat ovAoxuTa¢c wpofsaXovro,

Av epucay ev mpwra, kat expatay, cat ederpay,

Mnpove r’ eEerapov, xara Te kvicon exaduipay, 460
Aurrvya tromnoavrec, er’ avrav 0’ wpo0erncav.

Kaie 8’ em oxiSue 6 yEpwr, emt &’ adora oivoy

AciBe veor Se rap’ avrov exov meumwBora XEpatv.
Avrapo eet kata pip’ exan, kat orAay xv’ eracavro,
MiorvAAoyv 1’ apa r’aAdXa, cat apg’ oeAotow ereipav, 465
Orrnoay re wepippadewe, Epvoavro re TavTa.

* See the note to line 283.

78 ‘OMHPOY

Avrap ewet Tavoavro wovou, Terukovro re Oaira,
Aatvuvr” ovde rt Supog Severo Sarrog eione.
Avurap evret tootog kat edytvoc && Epo évro,
Kovpot pev xpnrijpag erecreavro roroio’ 470
Nwynoav 8’ apa rao, exapEapevor Serascarv.
Oi Se wavnuepior por Osov idackovro,
Kadov aedovrec wamova, xovpor Axawv,
MeArovtec ’Exaspyov' 6 8 ppeva reper’ axouwy.
“Hyog 8 neAtog xaredu, cat ert kvegac HAO, 475
An rore kolnoavTo rapa wpupyynota ynoc.
“Hyuog & npryevera gavn pododaxrurog Hwe,
Kat ror’ eretr’ avayovro era aorparoy evpuv Axatwy.
Toiowy 8’ uxpevov ovpoy le Exaspyoo AroAAwv.
Oi & icroy orjcay 7’, ava 9’ iorta Xevxa weruscay' 480
Ev & avepog mpiicev pecor loriov, ange de xupa
LTreipy wopPupeoy peyaNr’ caxeE, vnog tovanc’
"H 8 cOeev xara xia Stampnoaovea KeXev8a.
Avrap ewe p’ kovro xara otparoy evpyy Ayawy,
Nija pev olye ueAatvay ex’ nreipoto epvacav 485
"You emt Pauaborg, bro 8 ipuara flaxpa Tayvocay’
Avrot 0” eoxtOvavro xara kXlotag TE veag TE.

Avrao 6 pnvle, vyvot Tapnuevog wkuTropoiat,
Atoyevne TnAcoc* viog rodag wxug AxiAXEug,
Oure wor’ ate ayopny mwAEeoKero Kudtavepay, 490
Oure mor’ eg woAcuov 7" adAa POivuBeoke pirov xijo,

® Another instance of Syneresis, or taking together of two vowels as one in
the metre: see also line 495, 559, &c.

TAIAAOS A. 79

AiO pevwv, wobceoxe S’ airny re wroAeuov Te.
AAN’ ore 8n p’ ex roto Suwdexarn yever’ nwe,
Kat rore Sn wpog OAvpirov toav Oeot atev eovrec
Tlavreg dua, Zeve 8 fipxe Serie 8’ ov AnGer’ ederpewy
Tladog ‘sod, add’ yy’ avedvcaro kiya Sadacone, 496
Hepen & ave3n peyav ovpavov OvAuptToy re’
Evpev & evpvorra Kpovidny arep jypevov adrAwy,
Axporary xopudy roAvdetpadocg OvAuproio.
Kat pa wapotS’ avroio xabeZero, xat AaB_e yourwy 500
Kary? SeEcrepyg 8’ ap’ bw’ avOepewvoc EXovoa, |
Atacopevn wpoceacre Aca Kpoviwva avaxra.
Zev warep, et wore On oe per’ aQavarorcty ovnca,
H eve, n epyy, rode pot Konyvoy ceddup'
Tyuynoov por viov, d6¢ wxuuopwrarog aAAwy 506
Em\er™ arap pv viv ye ava— avépwv Ayapenvwr
Hriunoey’ EXwy yap exet yepag, avrog arroupac.
AdAa ov rep pv ricov, OAupmie, pnriera Zev
Toppa & ext Tpwecor rie xparoc, opp’ av Axatoe
‘Ytov euov riswow, opeAAwow re é Tyg. 510
‘Qe paro’ rnv & ovr: tpocepn vedeAnyepera Zeve,
AAN’ axewy Sny foro’ eric 8’, we aro yourwy,
‘Qe exer’ eureduvia, cat etpero Sevrepov avbic’
Nneprec prev Sn poe Vrroayxeo, kat Karavevoov,
H aoe’ ere ou roe ext Seog’ ogp’ ev e100, 515
‘Ocoov eyw pera Tact ariporarn Osog erp.
Tnv Se prey’ oxOnoac mpocedn vepeAnyepera Zevc’
"H 8n Aoryta epy’, dr’ eu’ exPodoriioa ednoee
"Hpy, drav p’ epeOyow ovedeorg ereecow.
"H Se cat abrwe p’ ate ev aBavaroret Oeics 520

80 ‘OMHPOY

Neckel, kat TE we Gnot waxy Tpweoow apnyev.
AdAa ov per viv atic arooriye, un of vonoy
“Hon” euoe de xe ravra peAnoerat, oppa reAscow.
Ex 0” aye, ToL KeparD Karayvevoopal, oppa weroOne.
Tovro yap e& eucOev ye per’ afavaroiort peytorov 525
Texpwp* ov yap euov waX.wvayperoy, ovd’ ararnAov,
Oud’ areXeurnrov 7’, 6 Tt kev Kepary Karavevow.
“H, wae kvaveyowy er’ odpvat vevoe Kpoviwy*
AuBpoo 8 apa xairat ereppwoavro avaxroc
Kparog an’ aQavaroo’ peyav Oo eXtAEev Odvprov. 530
Twy’ w¢ PovAtvoarre Suerpayev’ 7) pev ewerra
Ere ada aAro Babetay an’ avyAnevrog OAvprov,
Zeuc de Eov rpog Sapa. -Oeor O dua wavreg avectayv
EE Sew, spov warpoc evavriov’ ovde rig erAn
Metvat erepxopevov, add’ avriot eotay amravrec, 535
‘Og 6 pev eva xabeGer’ ewe Spovou’ ovde pv ‘Hpn
Hyvornosy, tSovo’ drt of cunppaccaro BovAac
Apyupomea Oeric, Suyarnp aAroio yepovroc’
Avrixa xepropuotot Ata Kpoviwva mpoonuoa’
Tre & ad rot, SoAopyra, Gewy cungpaccaro ovAac ; 540
Avec roe ptAoy eoriy Eev aro voodw sorta,
Kpurradia gpoveovra StcaGeuev’ ovds re Tw pot
IIpoppwy rerAnkag eurety eroc, 6 tre voycete.
Tnv & npefser’ erera rarnp avdpwy re Oewy re
‘Hen, un On wavrac enoue exteArrero pvOoug 545
E:dnoev' xaXerot rot ecovr’, adoxy wep eovey.
AX’ Oy pev x’ ewekeg akoveperv, ouric eretra
Oure Qewv mporepog rovy’ ectrat, ovr’ avOpwrwy’
‘Ov & av eywy aravevOe Oewy cOeAotu vojoat,

IAIAAO® A.

Mari ov ravra Exaora Stetpeo, pends peradAa.

Tov & queer’ erara Bowmie worvia ‘Hpn’
Aworare Kpovidn, roiov tov uvOov eeerac ;
Kat Auny oe apo y’ our’ espomat, oure peraAAw’
ANAa pan’ evendr0og ra gpaZeat, aco’ eBeAyoSa.
Nop 3 awwiig Setdoexa xara ppeva, pn of Tapeury
ApyupomeZa Oeric, Suyarnp ado yepovroc.
Heptn yap cot ye wapeCero, cat AaBe youvwv.
Ty o” otw xaravevoat ernrupov, we AxtAija
Tysnoye, oAeone Se woXeag ewe vnvoww Axawy.

Thv & awapePopevoc mpocepn vepeAnyepera Zeuc’
Aaimovin, atet pev oieat, ovde ce AnOw’
HpiSac & surne oure Suvnaeat, add’ aro Supo
MaA)ov euot eceat’ ro de rot kat ptytov earat.
Et &’ obrw rovr’ corey, euoe peAAee ptAov eivat.
AAD’ axcovca xabnoo, eu 8° erureBeo pvby’
Mn vu rot ov xpatopwotv dot Oeor eto’ ev OAvpTW,
“ Accov cov0’, dre xev ror aamroue xElpac epetw.

‘Qe epar” sddacev Se Bowme morva ‘Hpn’
Kaz p’ axcovea xaQijoro, extyvapypaca gpiAov xijo.
QyOncav 8 ava Sipa Arocg Osor ovpavwwvec.
Totow & ‘Hgatoroc xAvrorexune px’ ayopevery,
Mnrpt pAy exenpa pepwv, AevcwAevy Hoy.

“H 8n Aotyta epya rad’ eacerat, ovd’ er’ avexra,
Ec 8 odw évexa Ivnraev epidaveroy woe,
Ev Se Oeotat koAwor eAavygrov’ ovde Tt Saro¢
EoSiiji¢ ecaerat HOoc, ewe Ta YEpeova vIKG.
Mnrpt 8 eyw rapapnpt, kat avrg wep voeovay,
Tlarpt pA erinpa gepev Ati, oppa pn aute

E 5

81
650

555

560

565

570

576

82 ‘OMHPOY

Netxeryot rarnp, avy 8 jyuty datra rapaky.
Ecrep yap «’ eBeAyow Odupuriog acrepornrne,

EE iSewv orugedcEar’ 6 yap woAv geprarog eariv.

AAXa ov rovy’ exeecor xafarresSa: padaxoitatw’
Avuru’ ere®’ iXaog OAupmiog ecoerat hyiv.
‘Qe ap’ edx’ = xat avaiEac, Serag augixvmedAov
Mnrpe gtAy ev xepot 71Oet, cat py mpoceee’
TerrAaht, piyrep enn, kat avacyeo, knoomevn Trep,
Mn ae, dtAnv ep eovaav, ev op Barpoiow Owpa

Oevopevny’ rare 0” ourt Suvycopat, AXVUPEVO? TED,

Xpaopeiv’ apyaXdeog yap OAupmog avripepecSat.
Hon yap pe wat aAdXor adcEepevat pepawra
‘Pale, rodog reraywy, aro BnAov Seoreccoro.
Tlav & jap pepouny, ana & nedXuy Karadvyre
Kammeoov ev Anuvy* odryog 8 ert Supog evijev’
Ev6Oa pe Dwreee avdpec apap xopcavro Tecovra.
‘Qe daro* pednoev Se Sea AcvxwAEvog ‘Hpn’
Metdnoaca Se, radog edeEaro yepe KuTeAXov.
Aurap & roi¢ adAot Oeoic evdetia racy
Quivoyoet, yAuKy vexrap amo Kpytiipoe apuacwv.
Aaf3ecrog 8” ap’ evwpro yedwe pakapeoat Ocoiow,
‘Qe ov ‘H¢atorov da Swuara roirvvovra.
‘Qe rore pev mporray jyap ec néALov Karaduvra
Aawuvr’’ ovde re Supog edevero Satrog ciong’
Ov pev popmryyog¢ meptcadAko¢, hv ex’ Atrod\Awy,
Movoawy 9’, ai aedov, apeSopuevat om Kadg.
Avrap ere katedu AapTpoyv paog neAroxo,
Oi pev xaxxetovrec eBav oixoves Exacrog,
"Hixe &aory Swpa wepurAvrog appeyunec

580

585

590

595

600

605

TAIAAO® A. 83

‘Hgatcrog roo’ ecduiyot mpamidecat.

Zevc Se mpoe dv Aexoe ni’? OAupumtog aorepornrne,
Ev0a wapog commas’, dre piv yAvKue trvog ixavorr —- 610
Ev@a xaQevd’ avaBac’ mapa de, xpvco8povoe ‘Hpn.

END OF THE FIRST BOOK,

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