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NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC -392 


'•i.'.v.7,a';.'',-:sa".  ■.■.'/',//•. 


Fishery  Publications, 

V. 

Calendar  Year  1974: 
Lists  and  Indexes 

LEE  C.  THORSON  and  MARY  ELLEN  ENGETT 


SEATTLE,  WA 
June  1975 


noaa 


NATIONAL   OCEANIC   AND 
ATMOSPHERIC   ADMINISTRATION 


National   Marine 
Fisheries   Service 


NOAA  TECHNICAL  REPORTS 
National  Marine  Fisheries  Service,  Circulars 

The  major  responsibilities  of  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service  (NMFSI  are  to  monitor  and  assess  the  abundance  and  geographic  distribution  of  fishery 
resources,  to  understand  and  predict  fluctuations  in  the  quantity  and  distribution  of  these  resources,  and  to  establish  levels  for  optimum  use  of  the  resources. 
NMFS  is  also  charged  with  the  development  and  implementation  of  policies  for  managing  national  fishing  grounds,  development  and  enforcement  of  domestic 
fisheries  regulations,  surveillance  of  foreign  fishing  off  United  Slates  coastal  waters,  and  the  development  and  enforcement  of  international  fishery  agreements 
and  policies.  NMFS  also  assists  the  fishing  industry  through  marketing  service  and  economic  analysis  programs,  and  mortgage  insurance  and  vessel  construction 
subsidies.  It  collects,  analyzes,  and  publishes  statistics  on  various  phases  of  the  industry. 

The  NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC  series  continues  a  series  that  has  been  in  existence  since  1941.  The  Circulars  are  technical  publications  of  general  interest 
intended  to  aid  conservation  and  management.  Publications  thai  review  in  considerable  detail  and  at  a  hi^h  technical  level  certain  broad  areas  of  research  appear  in  this 
series.  Technical  papers  originating  in  cci. nnmirs  studies  and  from  management  investigations  appear  in  the  Circular  series. 

NOAA  Technical  Reports  NMF.S  CIRC  are  available  free  in  limited  numbers  to  governmental  agencies,  both  Federal  and  State.  They  are  also  available  in 
exchange  for  other  scientific  and  technical  publications  in  the  marine  sciences.  Individual  copies  may  be  obtained  (unless  otherwise  notedl  from  D83.  Technical 
Information  Division,  Environmental  Science  Information  Center.  NOAA,  Washington.  DC.  20235.  Recent  Circulars  are: 


315.       Synopsis  of  biological   data    on    the    chum    salmon.    Oncorhynchus   keta 

(Walbaum)  1792.  By  Richard  G.  Bakkala.  March  1970,  iii  +  89  p..' 15  figs..  51 

tables. 

319.      Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Great  Lakes  Fishery  Laboratory,  Ann 

Arbor.  Michigan.  By  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries.  March  1970,  8  p,,  7  figs. 

330.  EASTROPAC  Atlas:  Vols.  17.  CaWlog  No.  I  49.4:330/(vol.l  11  vols. 
Available  from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  11. S.  Government  Printing 
Office,  Washington.  D.C.  20402. 

331.  Guidelines  for  the  processing  of  hot  smoked  chub.  By  H.  L.  Seagran,  J. 
T.  Graikoski,  and  J.  A.  Emerson.  January  1970.   iv   +  23  p.,  8  figs..  2  tables. 

332.  Pacific  hake.  (12  articles  by  20  authors.!  March  1970,  iii  +  1.52  p..  72 
figs..  47  tables. 

333.  Recommended  practices  for  vessel  sanitation  and  fish  handling.  By 
Edgar  W.  Bowman  and  Alfred  Larsen.  March  1970,  iv  +  27  p..  6  figs. 

335.  Progress  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Center  for 
Estuarine  and  Menhaden  Research.  Pesticide  Field  Station.  Gulf  Breeze.  Fla.. 
fiscal  year  1969.  Bv  the  Laboratory  staff.  August  1970.  iii  +  .33  p.,  29  figs., 
12  tables. 

336.  The  northern  fur  seal.  Bv  Ralph  C.  Baker.  Ford  Wilke.  and  C.  Howard 
Baltzo.  April  1970,  iii  +  19  p.,  13  figs. 

337.  Program  of  Division  of  Economic  Research.  Bureau  of  Commercial 
Fisheries,  fiscal  year  1969.  By  Division  of  Economic  Research.  April  1970.  iii 
+  29  p..  12  figs'..  7  tables. 

338.  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Biological  Laboratory.  Auke  Bay, 
Alaska.  By  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries,  June  1970,  8  p..  6  figs. 

339.  Salmon  research  at  Ice  Harbor  Dam.  By  Wesley  J.  Ebel.  April  1970.  6 
p..  4  figs. 

340.  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Technological  Laboratory,  Gloucester. 
Massachusetts.  By  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries.  June  1970.  8  p..  8  figs. 

341.  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Biological  Laboratory. 
Beaufort.  N.C..  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1968.  By  the  Laboratory 
staff.  August  1970,  iii  +  24  p..   11   figs..   16  tables. 

.142.  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Biological  Laboratory, 
St.  Petersburg  Beach,  Florida,  fiscal  year  1969.  By  the  Laboratory  staff. 
August  1970.  iii  +  22  p..  20  figs..  8  tables. 

343.  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  C'ommercial  Fisheries  Biological  Laboratory. 
Galveston.  Texas,  fiscal  year  1969.  By  the  Laboratory  staff.  August  1970,  iii 
+  39  p.,  28  figs..  9  Ublcs. 

tl4.  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  Tropical  Atlantic  Biological  Laboratory 
irogress  in  research  1%5  69.  Miami.  Florida.  Bv  Ann  Weeks.  October  1970.  iv 
-*-  65  p..  53  figs.. 

M6.  Sportsman's  guide  to  handling,  smoking,  and  preserving  Great  Lakes 
roho  salmon.  By  Shearon  Dudley,  J.  T.  Graikoski.  H.  L.  Seagran.  and  Paul  M. 
Earl.  September  1970,  iii  +  28  p.,   15  figs. 

;i-17.  Synopsis  of  biological  data  on  Pacific  ocean  perch.  Sebastodes  alutus. 
Hy  Richard  L.  Major  and  Herbert  H.  Shippen.  December  1970.  iii  +  38  p..  31 
figs..   11  tables. 


'M9.  Use  of  abstracts  and  summaries  as  communication  devices  in  technical 
articles.  By  F.  Bruce  Sanford.  February  1971.  iii  +   11  p..  1  fig. 

350.  Research  in  fiscal  year  1969  at  the  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries 
Biological  Laboratory.  Beaufort.  N.C.  By  the  Laboratory  staff.  November  1970. 
ii  +  49  p..  21  figs..  17  ubies. 

351.  Bureau  of  {'ommercial  Fisheries  Exploratory  Fishing  and  Gear  Research 
Base.  Pascagoula.  Mississippi.  July  1.  1967  to  June  30.  1%9.  By  Harvey  R. 
Bullis,  Jr.  and  John  R.  Thompson.  November  1970.  iv  +  29  p.,  29  figs..  1 
table. 

352.  Upstream  passage  of  anadromous  fish  through  navigation  locks  and  use 
of  the  stream  for  spawning  and  nursery  habitat.  Cape  Fear  River.  N.C, 
1962  66.  By  Paul  R.  Nichols  and  Darrell  E.  Louder.  October  1970.  iv  +  12  p.. 
9  figs..  4  tables. 

3.56.  P'loating  laboratory  for  study  of  aquatic  organisms  and  their  environ- 
ment. Bv  George  R.  Snyder.  Theodore  H.  Blahm,  and  Robert  J.  McConnell. 
M.iy   1971.  iii  +   16  p..   11  figs.. 

3HI.  Regional  and  other  related  aspects  of  shellfish  consumption  —  some 
preliminary  findings  from  the  1969  Consumer  I'anel  Survev.  By  Morton  M. 
Miller  and'Oarrel  A.  Nash.  June  1971.  iv  +   18  p..   19  figs.. '3  UbIes.  10  apps. 

3()2.  Research  vessels  of  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service.  By  Robert  S. 
Wolf.  August  1971.  iii  +  46  p..  25  figs..  3  tables.  For  sale  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washington. 
D.C.  20102. 

;W>4.  History  and  development  of  surf  clam  harvesting  gear.  By  Phillip  S. 
Parker.  October  1971.  iv  4-  15  p..  16  figs.  For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Dmuments.  I'.S.  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington,  DC.  20402. 

365.  Processing  EASTROPAC  STD  data  and  the  construction  of  vertical 
temperature  and  salinity  sections  by  computer.  By  Forrest  R.  Miller  and 
Kenneth  A.  Bliss.  February  1972.  iv  +  17  p.,  8  figs.,  3  appendix  figs.  For 
sale  bv  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington,  D.C.  20402. 

366.  Key  to  field  identification  of  andromous  juvenile  salmonids  in  the  Pacific 
Northwest.  By  Robert  J.  McConnell  and  George  R.  Snyder.  January  1972,  iv 
+  6  p..  4  figs.  For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S. 
C."vernment  Printing  Office.  Washington.  DC.  20402. 

:i()7.  Engineering  economic  model  for  fish  protein  concentration  processes.  By 
K.  K.  Almcnas.  L.  C.  Durilla.  R.  C.  Ernst.  J.  W.  Gentry.  M.  B.  Hale,  and  J. 
M.  Marohello.  October  1972.  iii  +  175  p..  6  figs..  6  tables.  For  sale  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washington. 
D.C.  20402. 

368.  Cooperative  Gulf  of  Mexico  estuarine  inventory  and  study.  Florida; 
Phase  I.  area  description.  By  J.  Kneeland  McNullv.  William  N.  Lindall.  Jr.. 
and  James  E.  Sykes.  November  1972.  vii  +  126  p..  46  figs..  62  tables.  For 
sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington,  D.C.  20402. 

;169.  Field  guide  to  the  anglefishes  iPomacanthidae)  in  the  western  Atlantic. 
By  Henry  A.  Feddern.  November  1972.  iii  +  10  p.,  17  figs..  For  sale  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washington, 
D.C.  20402. 


Continued  on  inside  back  cover. 


NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC-392 


r. 


i 


Marine  Biological  laboralary 

LiaRARY 

NOV  2  6  1975 


'       Woods  Hole,  Mass 

Fishery  Publications,—^^ — " 
Calendar  Year  1974: 
Lists  and  Indexes 

LEE  C.  THORSON  and  MARY  ELLEN  ENGETT 


SEATTLE,  WA 
June  1975 


UNITED  STATES 
DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 
Rogers  C.  B.  Morton,  Secretary 


^<^*^SH^^ 


NATIONAL  OCEANIC  AND 
ATMOSPHERIC  ADMINISTRATION 
Robert  M   While,  Administrator 


National  Marine 
Fisheries  Service 
Robert  W   Schoning.  Director 


The  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service  (NMFS)  does  not  approve,  rec- 
ommend or  endorse  any  proprietary  product  or  proprietary  material 
mentioned  in  this  publication.  No  reference  shall  be  made  to  NMFS,  or 
to  this  publication  furnished  by  NMFS,  in  any  advertising  or  sales  pro- 
motion which  would  indicate  or  imply  that  NMFS  approves,  recommends 
or  endorses  any  proprietary  product  or  proprietary  material  mentioned 
herein,  or  which  has  as  its  purpose  an  intent  to  cause  directly  or  indirectly 
the  advertised  product  to  be  used  or  purchased  because  of  this  NMFS 
publication. 


CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract 

Introduction   

Lists 

Circular  

NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC 

Data  Report 3 

Fishery  Facts  5 

NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  SSRF 5 

NOAA  Technical  Memorandum  NMFS   14 

Author  index 14 

Subject  index  15 

Index  by  Marsden  squares 26 


ui 


XI 
9 

a 


•8 


2 
a 


73 


u 

m 

S 

I 


IV 


Fishery  Publications,  Calendar  Year  1974: 
Lists  and  Indexes 

LEE   C.   THORSON   and   MARY   ELLEN   ENGETT' 

ABSTRACT 

The  following  8erieB  of  fishery  publications  of  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service,  National  Oceanic 
and  Atmospheric  Administration,  in  calendar  year  1974  are  listed  numerically  iwith  abstractsi  and  indexed 
by  author,  subject,  and  geographic  area:  NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC  (formerly  Circular);  Data 
Report;  Fishery  Facts;  NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  SSRF;  and  NOAA  Technical  Memorandum  NMFS. 


INTRODUCTION 

This  document  provides  for  calendar  year  1974  numerical 
lists  (with  abstracts)  and  indexes  by  author,  subject,  and 
geographical  area,  of  the  following  series  of  publications  of 
the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service,  National  Oceanic  and 
Atmospheric  Administration: 
Circular 
Data  Report 
Fishery  Facts 

Special  Scientific  Report— Fisheries 
Technical  Memorandum 
The  document  is  divided  into  four  principal  sections: 
Numerical  listing  of  series  (with  abstracts) 
Author  index 
Subject  index 
Index  by  Marsden  squares 
The  last  section  has  been  included  to  afford  easy  access  to 
the  publications  for  those   persons   interested   in   specific 
geographical  areas.  Figure  1  shows  the  Marsden  squares 
treated  in  the  several  publications. 

The  series  abbreviations  used  in  the  indexes  are: 

Circular  C 

NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC C 

Data  Report  D 

Fishery  Facts FF 

NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  SSRF S 

NOAA  Technical  Memorandum  NMFS TM 

All  series  except  the  Data  Report  and  NOAA  Technical 
Memorandum  NMFS  are  available  from  the  Superintendent 
of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office,  Washing- 
ton, DC  20402.  Prices  may  be  obtained  from  that  office.  The 
Data  Report  and  NOAA  Technical  Memorandum  NMFS  are 
available  from  the  National  Technical  Information  Service. 

LISTS 

Circular 

330.  Vol.  8.  EASTROPAC  Atlas:  Biological  and  Nutrient 
Chemistry  Data  from  Principal  Participating  Ships  and 
Oceanographer  Third  and  Fourth  Monitor  Cruises, 
October  1967-January  1968.  By  Cuthbert  M.  Love 
(editor).  March  1974,  vii  +  118  p.,  184  figures.  For  sale  by 


'  Scientific  Publications  Staff,  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service, 
NOAA,  1107  N.E.  45th  St.,  Room  450,  Seattle.  WA  98105. 


the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government 
Printing  Office,  Washington,  DC  20402— Price  $4.75  per 
volume. 

ABSTRACT 

This  atlas  contains  charts  depicting  the  distribution  of  physical, 
chemical,  and  biological  oceanographic  properties  and  associated 
meterological  properties  observed  during  EASTROPAC.  EAST 
ROPAC  was  an  international  cooperative  investigation  of  the 
eastern  tropical  Pacific  Ocean  (20"^.  to  20°S.,  and  from  the  west 
coasts  of  the  American  continents  to  119°  W.)  which  was  intended 
to  provide  data  necessary  for  a  more  effective  use  of  the  marine 
resources  of  the  area,  especially  tropical  tunas,  and  also  to  increase 
knowledge  of  the  ocean  circulation,  air-sea  interaction,  and  ecology. 
The  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  (now  National  Marme 
Fisheries  Service)  was  the  coordinating  agencv.  The  field  work, 
from  February  1967  through  March  1968,  was  divided  into  seven 
2-month  cruise  periods.  During  each  cruise  period  one  or  more  ships 
were  operating  in  the  study  area. 

On  completion  of  the  field  work  the  data  seemed  loo  numerous 
for  a  classical  data  report.  Instead,  it  was  decided  to  produce  an 
11-volume  atlas  of  the  results,  with  5  volumes  containing  physical 
oceanographic  and  meterological  data  from  the  principal  partici- 
pating ships.  5  volumes  containing  biological  and  nutrient  chemistry 
data  from  the  same  ships,  and  1  volume  containing  all  data  from 
Latin  American  cooperating  ships  and  ships  of  opportunity. 
Extensive  use  was  made  of  a  computer  and  automatic  plotter  in 
preparation  of  the  atlas  charts.  Methods  used  to  collect  and  process 
the  data  upon  which  the  atlas  is  based  are  described  in  detail  by  the 
contributors  of  the  following  categories  of  charts:  temperature, 
salinity,  and  derived  quantities;  thickness  of  the  upper  mixed  layer; 
dissolved  oxygen;  meteorology;  nutrient  chemistry;  phytoplankton 
standing  stocks  and  production;  zooplankton  and  fish  larvae; 
micronekton;  birds,  fish  schools,  and  marine  mammals. 


NOAA  TECHNICAL  REPORT  NMFS  CIRC 

387.  Marine  Flora  and  Fauna  of  the  Northeastern  United 
States.  Crustacea:  Stomatopoda.  By  Raymond  B.  Man- 
ning. February  1974,  iii  +  6  p.,  10  figs. 

ABSTRACT 

This  manual  includes  an  introduction  on  the  general  biology,  an 
illustrated  key,  an  annotated  systematic  list,  selected  bibliog 
raphy,  and  an  index  to  the  stomatopod  Crustacea  of  the  inner 
continental  shelf  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Four  species 
are  treated. 

388.  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971.  By 
William  N.  Shaw  (editor).  February  1974,  iii  -i-  133  p. 

(No  abstract) 
(388.)  Proceedings  of  the   First    U.S. -Japan   Meeting   on 


Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Remarks  at  First  Meeting,  UJNR  Panel  on  Aquaculture, 
1819  October  1971.  By  Robert  W.  Hiatt.  February  1974, 
p.  1-2. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Present  Status  of  Major  Marine  Cultivation  and  Propaga- 
tion in  Hokkaido  and  Some  Problems  of  the  Research 
Activities.  By  Yoshio  Hasegawa  and  Yukimasa  Kuwatani. 
February  1974,  p.  3-6,  1  fig.,  1  table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Mariculture  of  Seaweeds  and  Its  Problems  in  Japan.  By 
Shunzo  Suto.  February  1974,  p.  7-16,  1  fig.,  1  table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— 
Some  Technical  Problems  in  Freshwater  Fish  Culture  in 
Japan.  By  Hiroshi  Kawatsu.  February  1974,  p.  17-22,  2 
figs.,  5  tables. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— The 
Present  Status  of  Shellfish  Culture  in  Japan.  By  Hisashi 
Kan-no  and  Tomoo  Hayashi.  February  1974,  p.  23-25,  1 
table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— Fish 
Farming  and  the  Constraints  in  Japan.  By  Masaru  Fujiya. 
February  1974,  p.  27-32,  4  figs.,  1  table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— 
Larval  Culture  of  Penaeid  Shrimp  at  the  Galveston 
Biological  Laboratory.  By  Cornelius  R.  Mock.  February 
1974,  p.  33-40,  3  tables. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S.  Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Aquaculture  in  the  National  Sea  Grant  Program.  By 
Robert  D.  Wildman.  February  1974,  p.  41-56,  1  app. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo.  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Aquaculture  of  Molluscs  Along  the  United  States  Atlantic 


and  Gulf  Goasts.  By  William  N.  Shaw.  February  1974. 
p.  57-65. 

(No  Abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Freshwater  Fish  Culture  in  the  United  States.  By  Harvey 
Willoughby.  February  1974,  p.  67-74,  1  table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S.  Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— 
Genetics  of  the  American  Oyster.  Crassostrea  mrginica 
Gmelin.  By  A.  Crosby  Longwell.  February  1974,  p.  75-87, 
9  figs.,  2  tables. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971— 
Recent  Developments  in  Shellfish  Culture  on  the  U.S. 
Pacific  Coast.  By  John  B.  Glude.  February  1974,  p.  89-95. 
4  figs.,  1  table. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Seaweed  Culture  in  Japan.  By  Robert  Wildman.  February 
1974,  p.  97-101. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Freshwater  Fish  Culture  in  Japan.  By  Harvey  Willough- 
by. February  1974,  p.  103-105. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19.  1971  — 
Shellfish  Culture  in  Japan.  By  William  N.  Shaw.  February 
1974,  p.  107-110. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan.  October  18-19.  1971— 
Crustacean  Culture.  By  Cornelius  R.  Mock.  February 
1974,  p.  HI  113,  1  table. 

(No  abstract! 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,  October  18-19,  1971  — 
Marine  Fish  Culture  in  Japan.  By  John  B.  Glude. 
February  1974,  p.  115-121. 

(No  abstract) 

(388.)  Proceedings  of  the  First  U.S. -Japan  Meeting  on 
Aquaculture  at  Tokyo,  Japan,   October    18-19,    1971  — 


Some  Impressions  Regarding  Genetics  and  the  Fisheries 
of  Japan.  By  A.  Crosby  Longweli.  February  1974,  p. 
123- 133. 

(No  abstract) 

389.  Marine  Flora  and  Fauna  of  the  Northeastern  United 
States.  Crustacea:  Decapoda.  By  Austin  B.  Williams. 
April  1974,  iii  +  50  p.,  Ill  figs. 


phosphorus,  total  Kjeldahl  nitrogen.  pH.  dissolved  oxygen, 
turbidity,  water  transparency,  chlorophyll  a,  b,  and  c,  astacin  and 
nonastacin  carotenoids.  and  primary  productivity  based  on 
chlorophyll  a  extraction.  Hourly  observations  on  air  and  water 
temperature,  rainfall,  wind  velocity  and  direction,  tidal  height, 
barometric  pressure,  and  daily  recordings  of  solar  radiation  are  also 
included.  Methods  of  collecting  and  analyzing  samples  are 
described.  Tables  summarizing  data  collected  from  30  permanent 
stations  according  to  month  and  area,  tables  summarizing  data  for 
each  individual  .station  of  the  30  permanent  sites  for  1966-71,  and 
tables  summarizing  the  mean,  range,  and  number  of  observations  of 
samples  taken  twice  daily  at  the  Laboratory  dock  are  included. 


ABSTRACT 

The  manual  includes  an  introduction  to  general  classification,  an 
illustrated  key.  an  annoted  systematic  list,  a  selected  bibliography 
and  a  systematic  index  to  the  marine  decapod  crustaceans  of  the 
inshore  and  continental  .shelf  waters  of  the  northeastern  United 
States. 

390.  Fishery  Publications,  Calendar  Year  1973:  Lists  and 
Indexes.  By  Mary  Ellen  Engett  and  Lee  C.  Thorson. 
September  1974,  iv   +  14  p.,  1  fig. 

ABSTRACT 

The  following  series  of  fishery  publications  of  the  National 
Marine  Fisheries  Service,  National  Oceanic  and  Atmospheric 
Administration,  in  calendar  year  1973  are  listed  numerically  (with 
abstracts)  and  indexed  by  author,  subject,  and  geographic  area: 
NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  CIRC  (formerly  Circular):  Data 
Report;  Fishery  Facts;  NOAA  Technical  Report  NMFS  SSRF;  and 
NOAA  Technical  Memorandum  NMFS. 


DATA  REPORT 

(Hard  copies  and  microfiche  copies  of  Data  Reports  are  for 
sale  by  the  U.S.  Department  of  Commerce,  National 
Technical  Information  Service,  5285  Port  Royal  Road, 
Springfield,  VA  22151.) 

82.  Oceanic  Conditions  During  the  Joint  Investigation  of  the 
Southeastern  Tropical  Atlantic  (JISETA)— February, 
April,  and  September-December  1968.  By  Steven  K. 
Cook,  James  F.  Hebard,  Merton  C.  Ingham,  Ellsworth  C. 
Smith,  and  Carlos  Afonso  Dias.  March  1974,  358  p.  on  6 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Oceanic  conditions  in  the  upper  1.000  meters  in  the  water 
column  off  tropical  western  .Africa  are  portrayed.  The  portrayal  is 
comprised  of  vertical  sections  of  temperature,  salinity,  sigma  (, 
oxygen,  and  phosphate.  A  description  of  methods  of  .sampling, 
analysis,  data  processing  and  quality  control  is  presented. 


83.  Sample  Catches  of  Penaeid  Shrimp  Taken  by  Trawling 
in  the  Northwestern  Gulf  of  Mexico,  1961-65.  By  James 
M.  Lyon  and  Kenneth  N.  Baxter.  April  1974,  50  p.  on  1 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Data  from  a  5  yr  shrimp  trawling  survey  of  the  northwestern 
Gulf  of  Mexico  are  reported  by  station,  time,  and  depth.  Numbers  of 
12  species  of  penaeid  shrimp  taken  during  113  cruises  are  recorded. 


85.  Release  and  Recovery  Data  From  Brown  and  White 
Shrimp  Mark-Recapture  Studies  in  the  Northern  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  May  1967-November  1969.  By  Stephen  H.  Clark, 
Dennis  A.  Emiliani,  and  Richard  A.  Neal.  July  1974,  152 
p.  on  3  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

During  seven  mark  recapture  studies  conducted  in  the  northern 
Gulf  of  Mexico  during  the  period  May  1967  to  November  1969. 
personnel  at  the  Galveston  Laboratory  released  75,947  brown 
shrimp  {Penaeus  aztecus)  and  38,628  white  shrimp  {P.  setiferus) 
marked  with  biological  stains,  fluorescent  pigments,  and  plastic 
tags.  Recovery  of  6.192  brown  shrimp  and  917  white  shrimp, 
provided  data  on  growth,  mortality,  migration,  and  distribution  by 
area  and  depth.  Data  for  individual  recoveries  and  other  pertinent 
information  are  summarized  in  this  report. 

86.  Observations  on  Growth  of  Southeastern  Bering  Sea 
King  Crab,  Paralithodes  camtschatica.  From  a  Tag- 
Recovery  Study,  1955-65.  By  Douglas  D.  Weber.  August 
1974.  122  p.  on  2  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

(jrowth  data  from  a  10-yr  tag-recovery  study  of  southeastern 
Berging  Sea  king  crab,  Paralithodes  camtschatica,  were  evaluated 
for  sources  of  error  and  the  usable  growth  information  documented. 

For  simplified  analysis  of  growth  data  the  adult  male  crab 
growth  increments  may  be  combined  since  the  increase  in  carapace 
length  per  molt  averages  17.5  mm  irrespective  of  size.  For  female 
crabs  the  growth  per  molt  decreases  with  increase  in  carapace 
length. 

The  crabs'  migratory  pattern,  molting  stage  at  time  cf  tagging, 
area  of  recapture,  and  selectivity  of  the  fishery  can  influence 
interpretation  of  the  grrowth  data.  The  interaction  of  these 
parameters  are  presented,  and  it  is  suggested  that  these  factors  be 
considered  in  data  application. 

87.  Hydrographic  Observations  in  Tampa  Bay  and  Adjacent 
Waters,  May  1971  Through  April  1973.  By  L.  Alan  Collins 
and  John  H.  Finucane.  August  1974,  146  p.  on  3 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Hydrographic  data  are  given  for  water  temperature,  salinity, 
dissolved  oxygen,  and  turbidity.  Additional  data  include  chlorophyll 
a,  b,  and  c,  astacin  and  nonastacin  carotenoids,  and  primary 
productivity  based  on  chlorophyll  a  extraction  for  29  stations  in 
Tampa  Bay  and  the  adjacent  coastal  waters  from  Clearwater  south 
to  Sarasota,  Fla.  Data  on  air  temperature,  water  temperature, 
salinity  and  turbidity  from  daily  observations  at  three  sport  fishing 
piers  are  provided.  Tables  summarize  mean,  range,  and  number  of 
observations  for  each  of  the  parameters  by  the  months  in  which 
sampling  occurred. 


84.  Hydrographic  and  Meteorological  Observations  From 
Tampa  Bay  and  Adjacent  Waters— 1971,  By  Carl  H. 
Saloman.  March  1974,  554  p.  on  9  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 
Hydrographic  data  include  water  temperature,  salinity,  total 


S.  Trawl  Catches  and  Oceanographic  Data  From  NMFS 
Surveys  of  the  Gulf  of  Alaska  Pandalid  Shrimp  Resource, 
1970  72.  By  Duanc  H.  Petersen.  August  1974,  573  p.  on  9 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Trawl  catch  and  oceanographic  data  collected  from  five  National 


Marine  Fisheries  Service  cruises  to  assess  the  relative  abundance  of 
the  Pandalid  shrimp  resource  in  the  Gulf  of  Alaska  during  1970-72 
are  presented. 

Station  data  are  arranged  in  tabular  form  and  provide 
information  on  location,  depth,  time  and  distance  trawled,  type  of 
fishing  gear  used,  and  species  catch  by  weight.  Bottom 
temperatures  and  salinities  for  some  studies  are  also  included. 

89.  Compendium  of  Juvenile  Menhaden  Surveys  in  Coastal 
Streams  of  the  Northern  Gulf  of  Mexico.  By  William  R. 
Turner,  George  N.  Johnson,  and  Herbert  R.  Gordy. 
August  1974,  189  p.  on  3  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Catches  of  juvenile  Gulf  menhaden  with  two-boat  surface  trawls 
in  coastal  streams  along  the  northen  Gulf  of  Mexico  are  compiled  for 
the  period  from  1964  through  1969.  The  catches  are  presented 
chronologically  with  accompanying  hydrological  data  (including 
Secchi  disc  measurements,  salinity  determinations,  and  surface 
water  temperatures)  collected  at  each  sampling  station.  Maps  are 
provided  defining  the  various  areal  designations,  streams,  and 
sampling  stations. 

90.  Hydrographic  Observations  in  Tampa  Bay  and  Adjacent 
Waters— 1972.  By  Carl  H.  Saloman  and  L.  Alan  Collins. 
August  1974,  176  p.  on  3  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Hydrographic  data  include  water  temperature;  salinity;  total 
phosphorus;  total  Kjeldahl  nitrogen;  pH;  dissolved  oxygen; 
tubidity;  water  transparency;  chlorophyll  a,  6,  and  c,  astacin  and 
nonastacin  carotenoids;  and  primary  productivity  based  on 
chlorophyll  a  extraction.  Methods  of  collecting  and  analyzing 
samples  are  described.  Tables  summarize  data  collected  from  30 
permanent  stations  by  month  and  area.  Additional  tables 
summarize  the  mean,  range,  and  number  of  observations  of  samples 
taken  twice  daily  at  the  Laboratory  dock. 

91.  Phvtoplankton  Pigment  and  Production  Measurements 
in  the  California  Current  Region,  1969-72.  By  R.  W. 
Owen,  Jr.  and  C.  K.  Sanchez.  November  1974,  185  p.  on  3 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Phytoplankton  production,  standing  stocks,  and  some  relevant 
environmental  characteristics  were  for  the  first  time  systematically 
measured  in  the  California  Current  system  during  the  period  from 
1969  through  1972.  This  work  describes  the  systems  and  methods  of 
measurement,  and  presents  the  data  obtained. 

92.  Zooplankton,  Water  Temperature,  and  Salinities  in  the 
Columbia  River  Estuary,  December  1971  Through 
December  1972.  By  David  A.  Misitano.  August  1974, 
31  p.  on  1  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Sampling  was  conducted  at  seven  stations  in  the  Columbia  River 
estuary  throughout  1972  to  provide  baseline  information  on  species 
diversity,  relative  abundance,  and  seasonal  occurrence  of  zooplank- 
ton, as  well  as  ambient  water  temperatures  and  salinities. 

93.  Catch  Per  Unit  Effort  and  Mean  Total  Length  of  Brown 
Shrimp,  Permeus  aztecus  Ives,  Taken  by  Trawl  in  the 
Galveston  Bay  System,  Texas,  1963  67.  By  Lee  Trent, 
Edward  J.  Pullen,  Genevieve  Adams,  and  Gilbert 
Zamora,  Jr.  September  1974,  42  p.  on  1  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

This  report  presents  catches  per  unit  effort  and  mean  lengths  for 
brown  shrimp,  Penaeus  aztecus  Ives,  taken  with  a  trawl  and  trawl 
cod  end  cover  from  the  Galveston  Bay  system,  Texas  during  1963-67 


by  personnel  of  the  Estuarine  Program,  National  Marine  Fisheries 
Service,  NOAA,  Galveston.  Texas.  The  number  of  stations  at  which 
samples  were  taken  ranged  from  58  in  1963  to  16  in  1967.  Sampling 
frequency  varied  from  weekly  to  monthly;  in  1967  samples  were  not 
taken  throughout  the  year.  Stations  were  located  within  three 
habitats— peripheral,  open  water,  and  channel— within  each  bay 
area  of  the  system  except  West  Bay.  Catch  per  unit  effort  was 
defined  as  the  number  of  brown  shrimp  caught  per  5-min  tow  in  a 
0.6  X3.0  m  otter  trawl  and  the  number  caught  per  tow  in  the  cod 
end  cover. 

94.  Benthic  Macroinvertebrates  and  Sediments  From 
Upland  Canals  in  Tampa  Bay,  Florida.  By  John  R.  Hall 
and  William  N.  Lindall,  Jr.  September  1974,  221  p.  on  4 
microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Samples  from  34  stations  in  upland  canals  of  Tampa  Bay,  Fla., 
contained  139  species  and  66,326  specimens  of  benthic  macroinver- 
tebrates. Collections  were  made  from  August  1970  through 
November  1971 .  Tables  give  monthly  counts  by  species,  individuals, 
and  total  individuals  per  square  meter.  A  summary  of  the  total 
number  of  species  and  individuals,  and  their  monthly  range  and 
mean  is  presented.  Mean  grain  size,  standard  deviation,  skewness, 
kurtosis.  and  weight  percentage  of  granule,  sand,  silt,  and 
clay  sized  sediment  particles  are  also  recorded. 

95.  Data  of  the  Biology  Phase,  Florida  Portion,  Cooperative 
Gulf  of  Mexico  Estuarine  Inventory.  By  J.  Kneeland 
McNulty,  William  N.  Lindall,  Jr.,  and  Ernest  A.  Anthony. 
September  1974,  229  p.  on  4  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Data  of  the  Florida  portion  of  the  Biology  Phase  of  the 
Cooperative  Gulf  of  Mexico  Estuarine  Inventory  are  recorded. 
They  consist  of  the  catches  made  by  seine,  trawl,  and  plankton  net 
at  Chokolo.skee  in  the  Ten  Thousand  Islands.  Bokeelia  in  Charlotte 
Harbor.  Maximo  Point  in  Tampa  Bay,  Atsena  Otie  Key  near  Cedar 
Key.  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Marks  River.  Monthly  samples 
were  taken  from  April  1968  through  March  1969.  Water 
temperature  and  salinity  at  the  times  of  sampling  are  recorded. 

96.  Groundfish  and  Crab  Resources  in  the  Gulf  of  Alaska- 
Based  on  International  Pacific  Halibut  Commission  Trawl 
Surveys,  May  1961-March  1963.  By  Steven  E.  Hughes. 
October  1974,  87  p.  on  2  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Results  of  a  trawl  survey  of  groundfish  and  crab  resources 
occurring  between  Cape  Spencer  and  Unimak  Island,  Alaska,  are 
presented.  The  survey  was  conducted  by  the  International  Pacific 
Halibut  Commission  during  1961  63;  catch  records  from  1.272 
stations  were  recently  analyzed  and  prepared  by  the  Northwest 
Fisheries  Center.  Information  presented  snows  seasonal  patterns  of 
geographic  and  depth  distribution,  in  addition  to  relative  abundance 
of  all  major  species  occurring  in  the  Gulf  of  Alaska.  For  each  group 
(flatfish,  roundfish.  rockfish.  elasmobranchs.  and  crab)  and  major 
species,  a  brief  narrative  of  results  is  accompanied  by  ligures 
snowing  percentage  and  catch  rate  information  by  areaseason- 
depth  categories.  In  addition.  40  charts  show  detailed  seasonal 
information  on  eight  major  groundfish  as  well  as  king  and  Tanner 
crabs. 


97.  Hydrographic  Observations  From  a  Natural  Marsh  and 
a  Marsh  Altered  by  Dredging,  Bulkheading,  and  Filling 
in  West  Bay,  Texas.  By  Edward  J.  Pullen  and  Lee  Trent. 
October  1974,  15  p.  on  1  microfiche. 

ABSTRACT 

Hydrographic  data  were  collected  from  a  natural  marsh  and  a 
marsh  altered  by  dredging,  bulkheading.  and  filling  in  West  Bay. 
Texas,  Water  samples  were  taken  at  2  wk  intervals  during  the  day 
and  night  at  10  stations  from  25  March  to  21  October  1969.  This 
report  contains  the  location,  depth,  date,  and  time  the  samples  were 
taken  and  corresponding  measurements  of  water  temperature. 


salinity,  dissolved  oxygen,  dissolved  organic  nitrogen,  nitrite,  total 
phosphorus,  inorganic  phosphate  phosphorus,  pH,  carbon  dioxide, 
total  alkalinity,  carbonate  alkalinity,  and  turbidity. 


FISHERY  FACTS 

7.  A  Trapping  System  for  Harvesting  Sablefish  Anopio- 
poma  fimbria.  By  Fred  W.  Hipkins.  November  1974,  20  p., 
17  figs. 

ABSTRACT 

An  improved  method  of  commercial  fishing  for  sablefish, 
commonly  known  as  black  cod  (not  related  to  the  family  of 
codfishes),  is  now  used  by  commercial  fishermen  from  California  to 
Alaska.  Fish  are  captured  and  impounded  in  lightly  constructed, 
baited  traps.  The  traps  are  collapsible  (they  fold  down)  but  are  rigid 
when  set  out  to  fish.  They  can  be  completely  covered  with  webbing 
or  steel  wire  mesh.  Fish  impounded  in  the  traps,  which  are  attached 
to  groundlines.  are  alive  and  in  excellent  condition  when  brought 
aboard  the  tishmg  vessels.  The  traditional  setline  method  lor  tishing 
sablefish  requires  considerably  more  bait,  larger  fishing  crews,  and 
many  more  hours  of  work  per  day  to  catch  a  comparable  amount  of 
sablefish. 

Datails  of  the  trapping  gear,  setlines,  and  buoylines,  plus  the 
vessel  equipment,  fishing  instructions,  and  locations  of  traditional 
fishing  grounds  are  described. 

8.  Sanitation  Recommendations  for  Fresh  and  Frozen  Fish 
Plants.  By  J.  Perry  Lane.  November  1974,  39  p.,  14  figs. 

ABSTRACT 

The  problem  of  sanitation  in  fish -processing  plants  is  receiving 
increasing  attention  from  Federal  and  State  regulatory  agencies,  as 
well  as  private  industry.  This  article  covers  recommended 
guidelines  that  can  assist  the  processors  of  fresh  and  frozen  fish  in 
evaluating  their  existing  sanitation  practices  or  in  establishing  new 


9.  Design  and  Materials  Used  in  Construction  of  a  16-Foot 
Shrimp  Trawl.  By  Elmer  J.  Gutherz,  Anthony  F.  Serra, 
and  Edward  F.  Klima.  December  1974,  14  p..  12  figs.,  1 
table. 

(No  abstract) 

10.  How  to  Build  Marine  Artificial  Reefs.  By  R.  0.  Parker, 
Jr.,  R.  B.  Stone,  C.  C.  Buchanan,  and  F.  W.  Steimle,  Jr. 
December  1974,  47  p.,  21  figs.,  1  table,  4  app.  figs. 

ABSTRACT 

Artificial  reefs  provide  or  improve  rough  bottom  habitat  and 
offer  fishery  scientists  and  administrators  an  effective  technique  to 
conserve  and  develop  coastal  fishery  resources.  With  careful 
planning  and  organized  efforts,  local  reef  committees  can  build  reefs 
to  improve  fishing  and  contribute  to  the  recreational  and  financial 
growth  of  coastal  communites.  Advice  and  procedures  are 
presented  for:  1)  selecting  construction  materials.  2)  determining  a 
suitable  reef  site.  3)  obtaining  permits.  4)  buoying  the  reef,  and  5) 
preparing,  transporting,  and  placing  reef-building  materials. 
Included  in  appendixes  are  instructions  for  preparing  permits, 
addresses  of  Federal  and  State  agencies  involved  in  approving  or 
funding  reef  construction,  and  addresses  of  manufacturers  of 
materials  and  equipment. 


NOAA  TECHNICAL  REPORT  NMFS  SSRF 

674.  Lake  Erie  Bottom  Trawl  Explorations,  1962-66.  By 
Edgar  W.  Bowman.  January  1974,  iv  +  21  p.,  9  figs.,  1 
table,  7  app.  tables. 


ABSTRACT 

The  Bureau  of  Commercial  Fisheries  (now  the  National  Marine 
Fisheries  Service)  Exploratory  Fishing  and  Gear  Research  Base,  at 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  surveyed  the  abundance,  availability  to  the  otter 
(bottom)  trawl,  and  depth  distribution  of  various  Lake  Erie  fish 
stocks  between  April  1962  and  October  1966.  The  four  exploratory 
cruises,  conducted  aboard  the  research  vessel  Kaho,  clearly 
demonstrated  the  effectiveness  of  the  bottom  trawl  in  producing 
commercial  quantities  of  yellow  perch,  Perca  flavescens,  and 
rainbow  smelt.  Osmerus  mordax.  Freshwater  drum,  Aplodinottis 
grunniens:  carp,  Cyprinus  carpio;  channel  catfish,  Ictalurus 
punctatus;  and  white  bass.  Roccus  chrysops,  were  all  produced 
in  commercial  quantities  at  least  once  during  the  study  and 
collectively  account  for  17.1%  of  the  total  landings. 

Between  the  first  exploratory  cruise  in  1962  and  the  last  m  1966 
the  abundance  of  yellow  perch  decreased  significantly,  and  that  of 
alewife,  Alosa  pseudoharengus,  increased  dramatically. 

675.  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers.  By  Richard  S.  Shomura  and 
Francis  Williams  (editors).  July  1974,  iv  +  335  p. 

(No  abstract) 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— A  Review  of  the  World 
Commercial  Fisheries  for  Billfishes.  By  Shoji  Ueyanagi. 
July  1974,  p.  Ml. 

ABSTRACT 

This  report  gives  a  general  "overview"  of  the  commercial 
fisheries  for  billfishes.  The  present  world  production  of  billfishes  is 
approximately  100.000  tons  per  year,  of  which  more  than  90%  is 
taken  by  the  tuna  longline  fishery.  Japan  alone  produces  about  70% 
of  the  world's  catch  oibillfishes  and  is  the  principal  consumer  nation 
of  these  fish. 

Although  billfishes  account  for  only  about  18%  of  the  longline 
catches,  they  are  presently  of  considerable  importance,  especially 
among  the  fishery  products  utilized  in  Japan.  Tnis  report  discusses 
the  value  and  utilization  of  billfishes  in  Japan,  and  describes  how 
billfishes  have  gained  status  as  a  quality  fish,  commanding  prices 
comparable  to  the  tunas.  In  addition,  the  expansion  of  the  longline 
fishery  is  described,  showing  that  by  1965  the  fishery  had  covered 
the  entire  distributional  range  of  the  billfishes.  Catch  and  effort 
data  for  billfishes  indicate  that  1 )  swordfish  is  the  only  species  which 
has  shown  an  increase  in  landings  in  recent  years.  2)  blue  marlin 
landings  have  decreased  in  recent  years  in  the  South  Pacific. 
Atlantic,  and  to  a  slightly  lesser  degree,  also  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  ,3)  the  catch  of  the  striped  marlin  has  fluctuated  greatly  from 
year  to  year. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— A  Review  of  the  World  Sport 
Fishery  for  Billfishes  (Istiophoridae  and  Xiphiidae).  By 
Donald  P.  de  Sylva.  July  1974,  p.  12-33. 

ABSTRACT 

Sport  fishing  is  conducted  for  billfishes  (Istiophoridae  and 
Xiphiidae)  in  nearly  all  warm  oceans,  primarily  in  tropical  and 
subtropical  seas.  In  probable  order  of  descending  catch  rate,  the 
principal  species  caught  by  anglers  are  sailfish.  wTiite  marlin.  blue 
marlin.  striped  marlin.  black  marlin.  swordfish.  and  longbill 
spearfish:  the  shortbill  and  Mediterranean  spearfishes  are  rarely 
taken  by  anglers.  Important  sport  fisheries  are  presently 
concentrated  from  Massachusetts  to  North  Carolina  and  about 
Bermuda,  southeastern  Florida,  the  northern  and  northeastern  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  the  Bahamas,  the  larger  islands  of  the  Caribbean. 
Venezuela,  the  eastern  tropical  Pacific  between  southern  California 
and  Chile.  Hawaii.  New  Zealand  and  eastern  Australia,  Kenya  to 
Cape  Town,  South  Africa,  Ivory  Coast  to  Senegal,  West  Africa,  and 
off  Portugal.  Spain,  and  Italy. 

In  some  regions  maximum  angling  effort  coincides  with 
maximum  availability  of  billfish.  while  in  others,  especially  in  the 
western  North  Atlantic,  maximum  angling  pressure  is  correlated 


with  angling  tournaments  which  in  turn  relate  to  summer  vacations 
of  tourists  and  the  tendency  of  most  anglers  to  fish  only  during  the 
day  and  when  the  weather  is  favorable.  Angling  for  biUfish  during 
the  "off-season"  may  well  produce  good  results  in  areas  which 
usually  are  heavily  fished  only  at  certain  periods.  New  billfishing 
regions  probably  can  be  developed,  but  this  reouires  the  assistance 
of  local  governments  to  provide  or  ensure  aaequate  sportfishing 
vessels,  docks,  bait,  and,  especially,  qualified  captains  and  crews. 

Because  of  the  relative  inefficiency  of  the  gear  used  by  anglers  to 
catch  billfish,  it  is  unlikely  that  angling  can  deplete  the  billfish 
stocks,  other  factors  such  as  natural  environmental  fluctuations, 
pollution,  or  commercial  fishing  being  equal.  There  is  evidence  that 
commercial  fishing  in  the  eastern  Pacific  is  affecting  the  sport 
catches  of  sailfish  and  striped  marlin.  Based  on  commercial  catch 
data,  the  mean  size  of  sailfish  and  striped  marlin  and  their  hooking 
rate  have  decreased.  In  the  Caribbean  the  catch  rate  of  blue  marlin 
and  white  marlin  by  commercial  fishermen  has  decreased;  this 
phenomenon  may  be  attributed  to  heavy  commercial  fishing 
pressure  from  longline  fleets. 

The  economic  value  of  the  billfish  sport  fishery  is  extremely  high 
to  local  communities  which  support  angling  activities.  In  spite  of 
some  aesthetic  feelings  which  promote  releasing  of  biUfish  which 
are  not  tagged,  it  would  appear  that  catches  by  anglers  could  be 
retained  for  human  consumption  without  seriously  depleting  the 
stocks,  thus  further  contributing  to  local  economy. 

Sport  fishing  for  billfishes  poses  special  problems  because  of  the 
complexity,  expense,  expertise  required,  and  lack  of  basic 
information  on  the  fisheries  and  the  fishermen.  Possible  solutions  to 
these  are  discussed. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona.  Hawaii,  9- 12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers — The  Paleontology  of  Billfish— 
The  State  of  the  Art.  By  Harry  L.  Fierstine.  July  1974,  p. 
34-44. 

ABSTRACT 

The  major  osteological  features  are  described  for  living 
billfishes.  All  billfish  remains  are  reviewed  critically  and  some 
questionable  forms  are  placed  in  Xiphioidei  Incertae  Sedis 
(uncertain  status).  The  remaining  xiphioids  are  placed  into  three 
families:  Istiophoridae.  Xiphiidae.  and  Xiphiorhynchidae.  A  new 
undescribed  xiphiid  from  Mississippi  shows  that  the  billfish  line- 
ages must  have  diverged  prior  to  the  Eocene.  Areas  of  research 
are  suggested  that  will  help  place  the  paleontological  studies  on 
a  more  secure  foundation. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Some  Aspects  of  the  System- 
atics  and  Distribution  of  Billfishes.  By  Izumi  Nakamura. 
July  1974,  p.  45-53. 

ABSTRACT 

Until  recently  the  classification  of  billfishes  (Xiphiidae  and 
Istiophoridae)  was  confused.  Recent  workers  have  consolidated  the 
nommal  species  and  reduced  the  number  of  species  considerably.  A 
key.  with  figures,  is  presented  which  includes  two  families,  four 
genera,  and  11  species.  Makaira  mazara  is  considered  distinct  from 
M.  nigricans  because  of  consistent  differences  in  the  pattern  of  the 
lateral  line  .system.  Tetrapterus  platypterus  is  tentatively 
separated  from  T.  albicans  although  existing  differences  are  minor 
and  could  be  referable  to  the  subspecific  level.  The  worldwide 
distribution  of  billfishes  is  given;  distributions  are  based  primarily 
on  data  from  the  Japanese  longline  catch  for  1964-69. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— The  Validity  and  Status  of  the 
Roundscale  Spearfish,  Tetrapturus  georgei  By  C. 
Richard  Robins.  July  1974,  p.  54-61. 

ABSTRACT 

A  fourth  Atlantic  species  of  the  isliophorid  genus  Tetrapturus 
was  discovered  in  1961  among  commercial  catches  landed  in  Sicily. 
Portugal,  and  Spain.  Subsequent  efforts  to  obtain  information  have 
failed  because  the  fishermen  do  not  distinguish  the  species  and  it  is 


apparently  much  less  common  than  T.  belone  in  Sicily  and  T.  albidus 
in  Spain  and  Portugal. 

The  species  is  described  in  detail.  Important  distinguishing 
features  are:  the  form  of  the  scales  on  the  midside.  the  shape  of  the 
lobes  of  the  spinous  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  the  position  of  tne  anus, 
and  the  pectoral  fin  length. 

The  nomenclatural  validity  of  Tetrapturus  georgei  Lowe  is 
discussed  and  reasons  are  given  for  applying  this  name  to  the  newly 
discovered  species. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Evaluation  of  Identification 
Methods  for  Young  Billfishes.  By  William  J.  Richards. 
July  1974,  p.  62-72. 

ABSTRACT 

Most  of  the  papers  published  from  1831  to  date  which  deal  with 
the  identification  of  young  billfishes  (Families  Xiphiidae  and 
Istiophoridae)  are  reviewed.  The  present  knowledge  of  the 
identification  of  adults  is  compared  with  the  identification  of  young 
and  problem  areas  are  defined.  Suggestions  are  made  to  resolve  the 
present  problems  encountered  with  the  identification  of  the  young 
stages  (eggs,  larvae,  and  juveniles).  These  suggestions  include  the 
need  for  detailed  osteological  descriptions  of  the  young,  the  need  for 
an  increased  effort  to  collect  specimens,  and  the  need  to  artificially 
rear  specimens  in  the  laboratory. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— On  an  Additional  Diagnostic 
Character  for  the  Identification  of  Billfish  Larvae  with 
Some  Notes  on  the  Variations  in  Pigmentation.  By  Shoji 
Ueyanagi.  July  1974,  p.  73-78. 

ABSTRACT 

The  larvae  of  five  species  of  billfishes  (Istiophoridae)  occurring 
in  the  Indian  and  Pacific  Oceans — sailfish,  Istiophorus  platypterus; 
shortbill  spearfish.  Tetrapturus  angustirostris;  striped  marlin.  T. 
audax:  blue  marlin.  Makaira  mazara;  and  black  marlin,  M. 
mrfjca— have  now  been  identified.  The  identification  of  these  larvae 
has  depended  on  such  characters  as  the  shape  of  the  pectoral  fin. 
pigmentation  of  the  branchiostegal  membrane,  pigmentation  of  the 
lower  jaw  membrane,  and  head  profile. 

Some  problems  in  identification  remain,  however,  as  for 
example  in  the  differentiation  between  very  small  larvae  (under  7 
mm)  of  striped  marlin  and  blue  marlin.  Recent  studies  have  resulted 
in  additional  diagnostic  characters  which  differentiate  between 
these  two  species,  namely  the  differences  in  the  pterotic  and 
preopercular  spines. 

The  larvae  of  sailfish  generally  have  pigment  on  the  posterior 
half  of  the  lower  jaw.  and  this  pigmentation  is  recognized  to  be 
species  specific.  There  exist,  however,  some  larvae  of  this  species 
which  lack  this  characteristic  pigmentation,  and  the  occurrence  of 
these  larvae  seems  to  vary  geographically  from  the  more  typical 
sailfish  larvae. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  Internationa!  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Comparative  Development  of 
Atlantic  and  Mediterranean  Billfishes  (Istiophoridae).  By 
Donald  P.  de  Sylva  and  Shoji  Ueyanagi.  July  1974,  p.  79. 
Abstract  only. 

ABSTRACT 

Developmental  stages  from  about  5  mm  to  the  adult  stage  are 
described,  illustrated,  and  compared  for  the  following  species: 
Atlantic  sailfish.  Istiophorus  platypterus;  while  marlm.  letrap- 
turns  albidus;  Mediterranean  spearfish.  Tetrapturus  belone; 
longbill  spearfish.  Tetrapturus  pfluegeri;  and  Atlantic  blue  marlin. 
Makaira  nigricans.  Most  descriptions  are  based  on  material  from  the 
western  North  Atlantic  Ocean  mcluding  the  DAN.^  collections  from 
the  Sargasso  Sea.  The  status  of  two  other  hiWUsh  — Tetrapturus 
georgei  from  the  ea.stern  Atlantic  and  the  so  called  "hatchet  marlin" 
of  the  western  Atlantic— is  di.scussed  briefly  in  reference  to  the 
identity  of  an  unidentifiable  juvenile  from  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Life  History  of  the  Atlantic 
Blue  Marlin,  Makaira  nigricans,  with  Special  Reference  to 
Jamaican  Waters.  By  Donald  P.  de  Sylva.  July  1974, 
p.  80.  Abstract  only. 

ABSTRACT 

Nomenclature  and  systematics  of  the  Atlantic  blue  marlin  are 
briefly  reviewed.  Its  seasonal  distribution  in  the  Atlantic  is 
analyzed  from  commercial  and  sport  fish  records.  The  spawning 
season  in  the  North  Atlantic,  whicn  occurs  from  late  spring  through 
late  fall,  is  discussed.  Larvae  and  juveniles  are  not  common,  but  are 
easily  identifiable.  Spawning  probably  occurs  far  offshore,  with  the 
young  developing  in  waters  of  the  high  seas.  Feeding  probably 
occurs  in  the  deeper  strata.  Tunas,  frigate  mackerels,  and 
cephalopods  are  the  main  food  items.  The  growth  rate  has  not  been 
determined,  but  it  is  suspected  that  blue  marlin  exceed  15  yr. 
Females  attain  a  much  larger  size  than  the  males;  this  is  attributed 
to  differential  mortality.  The  blue  marlin  probably  undergoes 
reasonably  extensive  migrations,  and  may  be  considered  to 
comprise  populations  at  lea.st  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  South 
Atlantic  Oceans.  The  sport  fishery,  which  is  extensive  and 
expensive,  and  valuable  economically,  is  thoroughly  discussed.  The 
commercial  fishery  for  the  species  in  the  Atlantic  is  incidental  to  the 
tuna  fisheries,  yet  there  are  some  indications  that  the  blue  marhn  is 
in  some  danger  of  being  depleted  through  commercial  activities. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— On  the  Biology  of  Florida  East 
Coast  Atlantic  Sailfish,  {Isiiophorus  platypierus).  By  John 
W.  Joliey,  Jr.  July  1974,  p.  81-88. 


and  July.  There  is  also  the  possibility  that  sailfish  spawn  m  other 
months.  First  maturity  in  striped  marlin  and  sailfish  occurred  in  the 
155-165  cm  eye  fork  length  class.  Fecundity  estimates  ranged  from 
2  to  5  million  eggs  for  four  sailfish  and  from  11  to  29  million  eggs  for 
three  striped  marlin.  It  appears  that  striped  marlin  move  offshore 
from  the  Mexican  coastline  to  spawn  while  sailfish  remain  closer  to 
shore. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Scientific  Billfish  Investigation: 
Present  and  Future;  Australia,  New  Zealand,  Africa.  By 
Charles  0.  Mather.  July  1974,  p.  102.  Abstract  only. 

ABSTRACT 

I.  Scientists,  anglers,  skippers,  and  mates  investigate  and  apply  the 
scientific  method. 

The  importance  of  knowledge,  organization,  and  skills 
requirea  of  the  scientist,  angler,  skipper,  and  mate  in  order 
to  bring  about  a  better  understanding  of  the  billfish  and 
better  methods  of  catching  billfish  is  discussed. 

II.  The  need  for  more  observations  and  recording  of  data. 

The  following  data  should  be  given  important  consideration: 
temperature,  depth,  time,  winds,  currents,  strike-catch 
ratio,  bait,  and  the  ship's  log:  these  topics  are  reviewed. 

III.  Scientific  research  projects  for  consideration  in  the  future. 

Potential  research  projects  in  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and 
Africa  are  presented.  Some  projects  worthy  of  consideration 
include:  (1)  breeding  of  black  marUn  at  the  Great  Barrier 
Reef,  Australia:  (2)  transplanting  of  small  black  marlin  to  a 
natural  salt  water  lake  for  study  and  observation  of  growth 
and  development  (Australia);  (3)  migration  studies  by  track- 
ing (Australia,  New  Zealand,  Africa);  (4)  general  blood  cell 
surveys  (New  Zealand);  (5)  general  chromosome  surveys 
(New  Zealand);  and  (6)  sensory  and  motor  responses  of  bill- 
fish in  relation  to  sight,  smell,  and  pain  (Africa). 


ABSTRACT 

The  sailfish,  htiophorus  platypterus,  is  one  of  the  most 
important  species  in  southeast  Florida's  marine  sport  fishery. 
Recently,  the  concern  of  Palm  Beach  anglers  about  apparent 
declines  in  numbers  of  sailfish  caught  annually  prompted  the  Florida 
Department  of  Natural  Resources  Marine  Research  Laboratory  to 
investigate  the  biological  status  of  Florida's  east  coast  sailfish 
populations. 

Fresh  specimens  from  local  sport  catches  were  examined 
monthly  during  May  1970  through  September  1971.  Monthly 
plankton  and  "night-light"  collections  of  larval  and  juvenile  stages 
were  also  obtained.  Attempts  are  being  made  to  estimate  sailfish 
age  using  concentric  rings  in  dorsal  fin  spines.  If  successful,  growth 
rates  will  be  determined  for  each  sex  and  age  of  initial  maturity 
described.  Females  were  found  to  be  consistently  larger  than  males 
and  more  numerous  during  winter.  A  significant  difference  in 
length-weight  relationship  was  also  noted  between  sexes. 

Fecundity  estimates  varied  from  0.8  to  1.6  million  "ripe "  ova, 
indicating  tliat  previous  estimates  (2.5  to  4.7  million  ova)  were 
probably  high.  Larval  istiophorids  collected  from  April  through 
October  coincided  with  the  prominence  of  "ripe"  females  in  the  sport 
catch.  Microscopic  examination  of  ovarian  ti.ssue  and  in.spection  of 
"ripe"  ovaries  suggest  multiple  spawning. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Some  Biological  Observations  of 
Billfishes  Taken  in  the  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  1967-1970. 
By  Maxwell  B.  Eldridge  and  Paul  G.  Wares.  July  1974, 
p.  89  101. 

ABSTRACT 

From  1967  through  1970  sport-caught  billfishes  were  sampled 
at  Mazatlan,  Sinaloa;  and  Buena  Vista,  Baja  California,  and  at  San 
Diego,  California.  Lengths,  weights,  morphometries,  meristics,  and 
gonad  data  were  gathered  on  a  total  of  2,056  .striped  marlin,  821 
sailfish,  61  blue  marlin.  and  1  black  marlin.  This  paper  presents 
information  on  reproduction,  average  length  and  condition  factor, 
food  habits  for  1970.  and  notes  on  parasites. 

Developing  gonads  were  found  only  in  the  Mexican  fish.  Our 
data  on  reproduction  indicated  that  both  striped  marlin  and  sailfish 
spawn  once  per  year  with  peak  spawning  activity  probably  in  June 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Biology  of  Swordfish,  Xiphias 
Gladius  L.,  in  the  Northwest  Atlantic  Ocean.  By  James  S. 
Beckett.  July  1974,  p.  103-106. 

ABSTRACT 

The  present  knowledge  of  the  biology  of  .swordfish  in  the 
northwest  Atlantic  Ocean  is  summarized.  Distribution  of  swordfish 
is  bounded  by  13°C  surface  isotherms  with  smaller  (under  160  cm) 
fi.sh  in  water  above  18°C.  Males  are  smaller  (under  200  cm)  than 
females  and  are  more  frequent  in  warmer,  southern  areas.  Large 
fish  make  feeding  excursions  to  the  bottom,  to  depths  of  500  m  or 
more  and  temperatures  5  10°C.  Females  attain  sizes  of  550  kg  and 
males  120  kg,  but  average  size  was  54  kg  in  1970  commercial 
landings.  Growth  is  thought  to  be  rapid  with  weights  of  4.  15,  40,  70, 
and  110  kg  attained  at  annual  intervals.  Spawning  is  confined  to 
warmer  (over  24°C)  southern  waters.  Tagging  data  (13  recoveries) 
suggest  fish  spend  the  summer  in  one  locality  and  return  there  in 
subsequent  years.  High  recoveries  (18.3%)  have  been  made  of  fish 
tagged  while  swimming  free. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9  12  August  1972,  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Some  Morphometries  of  Bill- 
fishes From  the  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean.  By  Paul  G.  Wares 
and  Gary  T.  Sakagawa.  July  1974,  p.  10'7-120. 

ABSTRACT 

Length-weight  and  morphometric  data  collected  over  4  yr 
(1967  70)  from  sport  fisheries  at  three  eastern  Pacific  locations  are 
pre.sented  for  striped  marhn  iTetrapturus  audojc).  sailfish  {htio- 
phorus platypterus),  and  blue  marlin  tMakaira  nigricans).  The  data 
were  gathered  from  San  Diego,  California  (U.S.A.).  Buena  Vista, 
Baja  California  Sur  (Mexico),  and  Mazatlan.  Sinaloa  (Mexico). 

Regression  of  eye  fork  length  and  covariance  analysis  were  used 
to  compare  maximum  body  depth,  depth  at  vent,  pectoral  fin 
length,  dorsal  fin  height,  maxillary  length,  snout  to  mandible  and 
snout  to  posterior  orbit  lengths  between  sexes  and  areas  for  each 
species.  Regression  equations  are  given  for  converting  fork  length 


and  mandible  fork  length  to  eyt- fork  length.  Based  on  these 
conversions  our  Pacific  Ocean  data  on  sailfish  are  compared  with 
data  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Length-weight  regressions  using  both  eye-fork  length  and  fork 
length  are  given  for  each  species  by  sex. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  papers— Analysis  of  Length  and  Weight 
Data  on  Three  Species  of  Billfish  From  the  Western 
Atlantic  Ocean.  By  William  H.  Lenarz  and  Eugene  L. 
Nakamura.  July  1974,  p.  121-125. 

ABSTRACT 

Estimates  of  parameters  of  relations  among  weight,  girth,  total 
length,  fork  lengfth.  body  length,  trunk  length,  and  caudal  spread 
were  made  for  blue  marlin,  white  marlin,  and  sailfish  captured  in 
the  western  Atlantic.  Some  sexual  differences  were  found. 


from  39  to  20,000g  were  examined.  Fish  size  ranged  from  47  to  246 
kg.  Based  on  the  occurrence  of  ripe  ovaries,  spawning  in  Hawaiian 
waters  was  estimated  to  extena  from  April  through  July.  The 
developmental  stages  of  ova  are  described;  the  most  advanced  ova 
examined  averaged  1.6  mm  in  diameter.  The  distribution  of  ova 
diameters  within  an  ovary  was  found  to  be  heterogeneous. 
Fecundity  was  estimated  for  eight  swordfish.  Some  variability  in 
fecundity  was  noted;  a  positive  curvilinear  relationship  of  increase 
in  fecundity  with  increase  in  fish  size  was  evident.  Best  estimates 
suggest  that  an  80  kg  swordfish  has  3.0  million  ova  (early  ripe  or 
ripe  stages)  and  a  200  kg  swordfish  has  6.2  million  ova. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers — Occurrence,  Morphology,  and 
Parasitism  of  Gastric  Ulcers  in  Blue  Marlin,  Makaira 
nigricans,  and  Black  Marlin,  Makaira  indica,  from  Hawaii. 
By  Robert  T.  B.  Iversen  and  Richard  R.  Kelley.  July  1974, 
p.  149-153. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers — Lengfth-Weight  Relationships 
for  Six  Species  of  Billfishes  in  the  Central  Pacific  Ocean. 
By  Robert  A.  Skillman  and  Marian  Y.  Y.  Yong.  July  1974, 
p.  126-137. 

ABSTRACT 

Weight-length  relationships  for  six  species  of  billfishes  in  the 
central  Pacific  Ocean  were  developed  by  analyzing  20  yr  of  data. 
Log-linear  and  nonlinear  statistical  models  were  fitted  to  the  data 
by  regression  analysis,  and  residuals  from  the  models  were  tested. 
Blue  marlin,  Makaira  nigricatis  Lacepede,  (.50  135  cm  FL),  male  blue 
marlin  (  >  135  cm  FL)  and  sailfish,  Istiophorus  platypterus  (Shaw 
and  Nodder),  apparently  have  coefficients  of  allometry  less  than  3.0. 
Black  marlin.  M.  indica  (Cuvier)  and  female  blue  marlin  (  >  135  cm 
FLI  apparently  have  coefficients  equal  to  3.0.  Shortbill  spearfish, 
Tetrapturus  angustirostris  Tanaka,  striped  marlin,  T.  audax 
(Philippi),  and  swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius  Linnaeus,  apparently 
have  coefficients  greater  than  3.0. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Food  and  Feeding  Habits  of 
Swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius  Linnaeus,  in  the  Northwest 
Atlantic  Ocean.  By  W.  B.  Scott  and  S.  N.  Tibbo.  July 
1974,  p.  138-141. 

ABSTRACT 

Food  and  feeding  habits  of  swordfish  were  studied  by  examin- 
ing stomachs  of  141  individuals  captured  from  July  to  October  1971 
between  the  Grand  Bank  and  the  southeast  part  of  Georges  Bank  in 
the  Northwest  Atlantic  Ocean.  A  wide  variety  of  fish  species  made 
up  about  80%  of  the  diet;  the  remainder  was  squid.  Species  and 
size  composition  of  food  fishes  depended  on  the  feeding  area.  Large 
redfish  iSebastes  marinus)  were  the  most  important  food  item  in  the 
Western  Bank  and  Grand  Bank  areas,  whereas  silver  hake 
{Merluccius  bilinearis)  made  the  greatest  contribution  in  the 
Georges  Bank  area.  Barracudinas,  family  Paralepididae,  occured 
most  frequently  and  constituted  about  20%  of  the  fish  diet  for  all 
areas.  Saoertoothed  fishes,  family  Evermannellidac,  also  occurred 
in  samples  from  all  areas. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Maturation  and  Fecundity  of 
Swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius,  From  Hawaiian  Waters.  By 
James  H.  Uchiyama  and  Richard  S.  Shomura.  July  1974, 
p.  142-148. 

ABSTRACT 
Sixteen  swordfish.  Xiphias  gladius,  ovaries  ranging  in  weight 


ABSTRACT 

Ga.stric  ulcers  were  found  in  10  of  114  blue  marlin.  Makaira 
nigricans,  and  2  of  3  black  marlin,  M.  indica,  examined  from  1%7  to 
1969  at  the  Hawaiian  International  Billfish  Tournament.  Parasitic 
nematodes  were  found  imbedded  in  the  base  of  ulcers  in  one  blue 
marlin  and  two  black  marlin.  The  gross  and  microscopic  morphology 
of  the  ulcers  is  given  and  possible  causes  are  discussed.  The  most 
likely  cause  is  either  mechanical  injury  or  parasites,  or  the  effect  of 
both  in  the  same  stomach. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9- 12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers — Mercury  in  Swordfish  and 
Other  Pelagic  Species  From  the  Western  Atlantic  Ocean. 
By  James  S.  Beckett  and  H.  C.  Freeman.  July  1974,  p. 
154-159. 

ABSTRACT 

Total  mercury  determinations  have  been  carried  out  on  at  least 
one  tissue  from  each  of  210  swordfish,  40  specimens  of  15  other 
pelagic  species,  and  235  individuals  of  12  species  taken  from 
swordfish  stomachs.  Total  mercury  levels  of  swordfish  white  muscle 
tissue  ranged  from  0.05  to  4.90  parts  per  million  (ppml  (mean  1.15 
ppml  total  mercury.  Mercury  levels  were  broadly  related  to  fish  size 
with  the  larger  fish  having  higher  levels  but  the  relationship  varied 
with  time  and  area  of  capture.  Males  tended  to  have  higher  levels 
than  females.  The  mercury  levels  of  different  tissues  (red  muscle, 
liver,  kidney,  heart,  brain,  gill,  vertebral  disc,  and  stomach)  are 
piven.  The  differences  in  the  levels  in  certain  tissues  from  fish  taken 
m  different  areas  suggest  greater  physiological  activity  of  mercury 
in  fish  from  the  southern  area.  The  significance  of  mercury  in 
swordfish  prey  .species  is  discussed. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Mercury  in  Several  Species  of 
Billfishes  Taken  Off  Hawaii  and  Southern  California.  By 
Richard  S.  Shomura  and  William  L.  Craig.  July  1974,  p. 
160-163. 

ABSTRACT 

The  resultsof  analyses  of  the  mercury  content  of  37  blue  marlin, 
Makaira  nigricans,  56  striped  marlin.  Tetrapturus  audax,  and  3 
swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius,  are  presented. 

The  levels  of  total  mercury  found  in  white  muscle  of  blue  marlin 
caught  in  Hawaiian  waters  ranged  from  0.19  ppm  to  7.86  ppm;  fish 
specimens  ranged  in  total  weight  from  96  pounds  (43.5  kg)  to  906 
pounds  (410.9  kg).  A  trend  of  increasing  mercury  level  with 
increasing  size  of  fish  was  noted.  The  mercury  content  in  the  livers 
of  26  blue  marlin  specimens  examined  ranged  from  0.13  ppm  to 
29.55  ppm;  there  was  no  apparent  trend  noted  between  mercury 
content  in  the  liver  and  size  of  fish. 

Striped  marlin  from  Hawaii  and  southern  California  showed  a 
range  of  mercury  levels  in  white  muscle  of  0.09-1.09  ppm  for  the 
14  Hawaii  samples  examined  and  0.03-2.1  ppm  for  the  42 
California  samples  examined.  The  range  in  size  of  fish  was  56  139 
pounds  (25.4  63.0  kg)  and  109  231  pounds  (49.4- 104.8  kg)  for  the 


Hawaii  and  California  samples,  respectively.  From  the  wide  spread 
of  mercury  levels  encountered  in  striped  marhn,  a  trend  of  mercury 
level  with  size  of  fish  could  not  be  easily  detected.  Livers  of  nine 
specimens  from  the  Hawaii  catch  were  analyzed:  mercury  levels 
ranged  from  0.0.5  ppm  to  1.53  ppm. 

Three  swordfish  weighing  6  pounds  (2.7  kg).  100  pounds  (45.4 
kg),  and  an  estimated  500  pounds  (226.8  kg)  contained  mercury 
levels  in  white  muscle  of  0.04.  1.71.  and  2.10  ppm.  respectively. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
KailuaKona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers — Summer  Concentration  of 
White  Marlin,  Tetrapturus  albidus.  West  of  the  Strait  of 
Gibraltar.  By  C.  Richard  Robins.  July  1974,  p.  164-174. 

ABSTRACT 

Examination  of  fish  catches  landed  in  August  1961  at  various 
ports  in  southern  Portugal  and  the  adjacent  coast  of  Spain 
demonstrated  that  the  white  marlin,  Tetrapturus  albidus, 
concentrated  in  these  waters  during  this  month.  The  coincident 
absence  of  white  marlin  in  landings  at  Sicily  make  it  likely  that  the 
species  does  not  enter  the  Mediterranean  in  any  numbers  at  least  at 
this  season. 

August  concentrations  of  white  marlin  elsewhere  in  the  Atlantic 
are  discussed  along  with  the  implications  of  the  coincident  timing  of 
them  on  population  structure  of  the  species. 

Morphometric  data  are  presented  on  57  specimens  from  this 
eastern  Atlantic  population  to  facilitate  future  comparison  with 
specimens  from  elsewhere  in  the  range  of  the  species. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— The  Cape  of  Good  Hope:  A 
Hidden  Barrier  to  Billfishes.  By  M.  J.  Penrith  and  D.  L. 
Cram.  July  1974,  p.  175-187. 

ABSTRACT 

Since  1838  there  have  been  isolated  reports  of  billfishes  from  the 
southern  tip  of  Africa,  but  only  during  tne  years  1961  64,  when  a 
number  of  Cape  Town  based  boats  fished  commercially  for  tuna 
using  longlines.  were  billfishes  found  to  occur  in  considerable 
numbers. 

The  waters  to  the  west  and  south  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  were 
found  to  be  unique  in  their  billfish  fauna,  no  less  than  six  species 
being  represented,  comprising  Xiphias,  Makaira  (2  species),  and 
Tetrapturus  (3  species).  Only  two  wide-ranging  species  have  not 
been  found.  Istiophorus  is  commonly  listed  from  the  area  on  the 
basis  of  Histiopkorus  granuUfer.  but  a  reexamination  of  de 
Castelnau's  type  shows  it  to  be  a  Makaira,  while  T.  angustirostris 
could  occur  as  it  is  known  from  off  Durban. 

The  billfishes  are  probably  attracted  to  this  limited  geographic 
area  by  the  rich  feeding  grounds  which  are  the  result  of  the 
upwelling  of  nutrient-rich  water  along  the  Cape's  west  coast.  It  is 
difficult,  however,  to  suggest  reasons  why  there  is  an  apparent 
barrier  to  movement  between  the  Atlantic  and  Indo-Pacific  Oceans 
for  certain  species.  Hydrographic  conditions  in  the  area  are 
discussed,  but  there  are  no  obvious  physical  barriers  preventing 
black  and  .striped  marlins  from  entering  the  Atlantic  nor  white 
marlin  and  longbill  spearfish  from  moving  into  the  Indo  Pacific. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  papers— Catch  Distribution  and  Related 
Sea  Surface  Temperature  for  Striped  Marlin  {Tetrapturus 
audax)  Caught  Off  San  Diego,  California.  By  James  L. 
Squire,  Jr.  July  1974,  p.  188-193. 

ABSTRACT 

Records  for  4.535  marlin  landed  at  San  Diego,  California,  and 
related  sea  surface  temperature  data  were  examined  for  the  period 
1963  through  1970  to  determine  time  space  distribution  and  the 
relationship  of  catch  and  sea  surface  temperatures.  For  the  period 
1963  through  1970  the  catch  of  4. .535  marlin  was  compared  to  sea 
surface  temperature  conditions  relative  to  increased  catches. 

Catch  distribution  based  on  1963  to  1967  data  showed  that  76.4% 
were  caught  within  a  35  by  40  nautical-mile  area  off  San  Diego, 
with    the    maximum    catch    being    made    from    mid-August    to 


mid-September.  Catch  temperatures  off  southern  California 
calculated  for  this  area  from  airborne  infrared  sea  surface 
temperature  survey  data  ranged  from  61  °F  (le.l^C)  to  73°F 
(22.8°C):  the  mean  catch  temperature  was  67.8''F  (19.9°C). 

Sea  surface  temperature  conditions  based  on  2  wk  average 
temperature  charts  issued  by  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service 
indicate  that  an  initial  warming  of  water  to  an  average  temperature 
of  68°  F  (20.0°C)  or  above  is  related  to  an  increase  m  eaten.  When 
average  temperatures  were  below  68°  F  (20.0°C).  931  fish  were 
caught:  between  68°  (20.0°C)  and  70°  F  (21.1°C)  the  catch  was  1.886 
fish:  and  a  further  increase  to  70°  F  (21.1°C)  or  above  resulted  in  a 
catch  of  1.718  fish. 

Catch  data  and  isotherm  charts,  1%3  through  1970.  indicate 
that  the  continuity  of  the  68°F  (20.0°C)  and  70°F  (21.1°C)  isotherms 
from  off  central  Baja  California  to  off  southern  California  is 
associated  with  improved  fishing.  When  these  isotherms  were 
discontinuous  the  average  catch  per  biweekly  period  was  82.0  fish: 
when  these  isotherms  were  continuous  the  average  catch  was  146.1 
fish.  The  highest  average  catch  per  biweekly  period  (205.3  fish)  was 
recorded  when  the  70°  F  (21.1°C)  isotherm  was  continuous. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Results  of  Sailfish  Tagging  in 
the  Western  North  Atlantic  Ocean.  By  Frank  J.  Mather 
III,  Durbin  C.  Tabb,  John  M.  Mason,  Jr.,  and  H. 
Lawrence  Clark.  July  1974,  p.  194-210. 

ABSTRACT 

Migrations  of  sailfish,  Istiophorus  platypterus  (Shaw  and 
Nodder),  in  the  western  North  Atlantic  Ocean  are  discussed  on  the 
basis  of  results  of  three  cooperative  tagging  programs.  The 
Rosenstiel  School  of  Marine  and  .'\tmospheric  Sciences  (formerly 
Institute  of  Marine  Science,  and  Marine  Laboratory)  of  the 
University  of  Miami  marked  and  released  1,259  sailfish  between 
1950  and  19.58  and  nine  tags  were  returned.  Members  of  the  Port 
Aran.sas  (Texas)  Rod  and  Reel  Club  marked  and  released  515  sailfish 
between  1954  and  1962  and  obtained  three  returns.  The  Cooperative 
Game  Fish  Tagging  Program  of  the  Woods  Hole  Oceanographic 
Institution  has  marKed  and  released  12,525  sailfish  between  19.54 
and  May  1972,  with  97  tags  being  returned. 

The  majority  of  the  returns  showed  limited  movements;  most 
were  between  localities  along  the  southeast  coast  of  Florida  and  the 
Florida  Keys.  The  longer  migrations  did  not  follow  a  distinct 
pattern,  but  many  of  them  showed  a  tendency  toward  movements 
between  tropical  waters  (northeast  coast  of  South  America,  the 
Lesser  Antilles,  and  the  Straits  of  Florida)  in  the  cold  season  and 
temperate  waters  (the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  United  States  coast 
between  Jacksonville,  Florida  and  Cape  Hatteras.  North  Carolina) 
in  the  warm  season. 

Times  at  liberty,  w  hich  ranged  from  less  than  1  day  to  over  4  yr, 
with  only  nine  exceeding  18  mo,  are  generally  consistent  with 
earlier  findings  that  the  sailfish  is  a  short  lived  species.  Tag  returns 
give  no  indication  of  heavy  commercial  fishing  pressure  on  the 
stocks  under  study. 

(675.)  Proceediiigs  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Migrations  of  White  Marlin  and 
Blue  Marlin  in  the  Western  North  Atlantic  Ocean- 
Tagging  Results  Since  May,  1970.  By  Frank  J.  Mather  III, 
John  M.  Mason,  Jr.,  and  H.  Lawrence  Clark.  July  1974, 
p.  211-225. 

ABSTRACT 

Migrations  of  white  marlin,  Tetrapturus  albidus  Poey.  and  blue 
marlin.  Makaira  nigricans  Lacepede.  in  the  western  North  -Atlantic 
Ocean  are  discussed  in  terms  of  tag  returns  obtained  since  the 
completion  of  data  collection  for  the  paper  by  Mather.  Jones,  and 
Beardsley  (1972)  in  May  1070. 

In  the  period  May  1970  May  1972.  2,039  white  marlin  and  216 
blue  marlin  have  been  released,  and  70  tags  from  white  marlin  and  1 
from  a  blue  marlin  have  been  returned. 

The  migratory  pattern  which  had  been  established  for  the  stock 
of  white  marlin  summering  off  the  middle  Atlantic  coast  of  the 
United  States  has  been  further  .supported  by  54  of  60  new  returns 
from  fish  released  in  this  area.  The  six  others  deviated  from  this 
pattern  geographically  or  chronologically,  or  in  both  respects.  The 
ten  remaining  returns  were  from  releases  south  of  lat.  33°N.  Five  of 
these    fitted    with    previously    observed    patterns    or    individual 


migrations.  The  other  five  were  local  or  scattered,  but  one  ol  them 
extended  the  range  of  recaptures  southeastward  to  lat.  4°N.  long. 
40°  W. 

As  previously,  times  at  liberty  have  been  long,  and  the  record 
has  been  increased  to  58.7  mo.  A  new  calculation,  incorporating 
much  additional  data,  suggests  that  the  annual  mortality  rate  is 
between  23%  and  36%. 

The  single  blue  marlin  return  is  the  first  to  show  a  significant 
migration— at  least  750  nautical  miles,  from  the  Bahamas  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico— and  the  dates  of  release  and  recapture  support  the 
theory  of  separate  populations  of  blue  marlin  in  the  North  and  South 
Atlantic.  After  30  mo  at  liberty,  this  fish  weighed  twice  its 
estimated  weight  at  release. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Migration  Patterns  of  Istio- 
phoridae  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  as  Determined  by  Coopera- 
tive Tagging  Programs.  By  James  L.  Squire,  Jr.  July 
1974,  p.  226-237. 

ABSTRACT 

Since  1954.  billfish  have  been  tagged  by  cooperative  marine 
game  fish  tagging  programs  in  many  ofthe  major  sportfishing  areas 
of  the  Pacific.  Major  locations  of  tagging  have  been  off  southern 
California.  U.S.A..  Baja  California  Sur  and  mainland  Mexico, 
Panama,  and  Australia.  Two  cooperative  marine  game  fish  tagging 
programs  haver  operated  in  the  Pacific,  1)  the  Cooperative  Marine 
Game  Fish  Tagging  Program,  sponsored  jointly  by  the  Woods  Hole 
Oceanographic  Institution  and  the  National  Oceanic  and  Atmos- 
pheric Administration,  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service,  and  2)  a 
cooperative  program  conducted  by  the  California  Department  of 
Fisn  and  Game. 

During  1954-1971,  15,540  billfish  were  tagged.  Records  show 
9,849  striped  marlin  {Tetrapturus  audax),  4,821  sailfish  {Istiophorus 
platyptenis) ,  622  black  marlin  {Makaira  indica),  and  248  blue  marlin 
{Makaira  nigricans)  were  tagged  during  this  period.  Ninety-seven 
tag  recoveries  have  been  made;  these  include  85  striped  marlin,  10 
sailfish,  and  2  black  marlin.  Eighty-one  percent  of  these  recoveries 
were  by  longline  fishing  vessels,  the  remainder  by  marine  sport 
fishermen. 

The  tag  recovery  rates  were  0.88%  for  striped  marlin,  0.32% 
for  black  marlin,  and  0.24%  for  sailfish. 

Four  types  of  tags  were  used  in  the  two  programs.  Two  types  of 
metal  tip  dart  tags  were  used  by  the  Woods  Hole  Oceanographic 
Institution:  metal  tipped  single-  and  double-barbed  plastic  dart  tags 
were  used  by  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service;  and  a 
single-barb  pla.stic  dart  tag  was  used  by  the  California  Department 
of  Fish  and  Game.  Tag  types  giving  the  best  recovery  rate  for 
striped  marlin  and  sailfish  were  the  plastic  single-  and  double 
barbed  dart  tags. 

Recovery  data  for  striped  marlin  tagged  in  the  eastern  Pacific 
show  a  movement  away  from  the  tip  of  Baja  California  in  a  south  to 
southwest  direction  in  late  spring  and  early  summer.  Some 
recoveries  were  made  of  fish  tagged  near  the  tip  of  Baia  California 
and  recaptured  northwest  of  the  tip  of  Baja  California.  Mexico.  The 
migration  pattern  to  the  south  and  southwest  at  this  time  of  the 
year  may  be  related  to  spawning.  Striped  marlin  tagged  off 
southern  California  show  a  migration  to  the  south  in  late  summer 
and  early  fall.  Recoveries  of  striped  marlin  in  the  eastern  Pacific 
were  generally  short-term  (average  of  89  days)  and  covered  short 
distances,  averaging  281  nautical  miles.  Only  three  of  85  tagged 
striped  marlin.  and  one  of  two  tagged  black  marUn,  were  recovered 
1,000  nautical  miles  or  more  from  the  site  of  tagging.  The  few 
recoveries  of  tagged  black  marlin  (2)  and  sailfish  (101  did  not  provide 
sufficient  data  to  determine  migration  patterns  for  these  species. 

(67.5.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9  12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  papers— Occurrence  of  Young  Billfishes 
in  the  Central  Pacific  Ocean.  By  Walter  M.  Matsumoto 
and  Thomas  K.  Kazama.  July  1974.  p.  238-251. 

ABSTRACT 

Plankton  and  other  net-caught  samples  collected  on  past  cruises 
of  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service,  Honolulu  Laboratory 
vessels  in  Hawaiian  and  central  Pacific  equatorial  waters  were 
examined  for  billfish  larvae  and  juveniles.  Of  the  342  billfish  young 
found  in  4,279  net  tows,  209  were  blue  marlin,  Makaira  nigricans,  82 
were    shortbill    spearfish,    Tetrapturus    angxistirostris.    2    were 


sailfish.  Istiophorus  platyptenis,  20  were  swordfish,  Xiphias 
gladius.  Twenty  nine  larvae  were  unidentified  owing  to  excessive 
damage.  A  preponderance  of  the  catches  was  obtained  from  hauls 
made  at  the  surface  during  daylight. 

In  the  equatorial  central  and  North  Pacific  larvae  of  only  three 
of  the  six  billfish  species  nominally  found  in  the  Pacific  were  taken. 
The  captures  of  these  larvae  (blue  marlin.  shortbill  spearfish,  and 
swordfish)  fill  the  gaps  in  the  known  distribution  of  istiophorids  and 
swordfish,  and  extend  their  distribution  eastward  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  in  the  North  Pacific.  The  two  sailfish  larvae  were  taken  in 
New  Hebrides  waters  in  the  western  South  Pacific. 

The  absence  of  striped  marlin,  Tetrapturus  audax.  larvae  in 
Hawaiian  waters  was  significant,  since  this  species  comprises  nearly 
82%  of  all  istiophorids  taken  on  the  longline  in  the  Hawaiian  fishery. 
Their  absence  suggested  that  the  striped  marlin  in  Hawaiian 
waters  probably  migrate  elsewhere  to  spawn.  If  this  true,  then  the 
spawning  habits  of  tnis  species  differ  significantly  from  those  of  blue 
marlin.  A  similar  situation  could  hold  for  sailfish  also. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Distribution  of  Larval  Sword- 
fish  in  the  Northwest  Atlantic  Ocean.  By  Gretchen  E. 
Markle.  July  1974,  p.  252-260. 

ABSTRACT 

Surface  plankton  collections,  mostly  with  neuston  nets  towed  at 
4-5  knots,  during  eight  cruises  (19651972)  yielded  119  swordfish 
larvae  6  110  mm  total  length.  Captures  were  grouped  in  discrete 
geographical  areas:  Virgin  Islands,  Guiana  current.  Northwest 
Caribbean,  Windward  Passage,  and  Florida  current.  All  collections 
were  made  in  January  April,  but  comparison  with  other  published 
data  suggests  that  this  may  not  be  the  peak  spawning  period. 
Descriptions  of  swordfish  larvae  are  appended. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— The  Distribution  of  the  Larvae 
of  Swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius,  in  the  Indian  and  Pacific 
Oceans.  By  Yasuo  Nishikawa  and  Shoji  Ueyanagi.  July 
1974,  p.  261-264. 

ABSTRACT 

The  distribution  of  larval  swordfish,  Xiphias  gladius,  was 
determined  on  the  basis  of  325  specimens  collected  from  Japanese 
research  vessels  operating  in  the  Indian  and  Pacific  Oceans.  These 
larvae,  ranging  from  3  to  160  mm  in  total  length,  were  caught  by 
larva  net  tows  and  by  dip  netting. 

The  larvae  are  distributed  over  virtually  the  entire  tropical  and 
subtropical  areas  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  except  for  the  eastern  Pacific 
east  of  long.  100°W.  The  northernmost  occurrence  was  at  lat.  31°N, 
long.  132°E,  near  Kyushu  in  the  western  Pacific,  and  the 
southernmost  was  at  lat.  22°38'S,  long.  105°24'W  in  the  eastern 
Pacific.  Data  were  insufficient  to  delineate  the  distribution  in  the 
Indian  Ocean. 

The  surface  water  temperature  in  the  areas  of  larval  swordfish 
occurrence  ranged  from  24.1°  to  30.7°C. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Notes  on  the  Tracking  of  the 
Pacific  Blue  Marlin,  Makaira  nigricans.  By  Heeny  S.  H. 
Yuen,  Andrew  E.  Dizon,  and  James  H.  Uchiyama.  July 
1974,  p.  265  268. 

ABSTRACT 

In  July  of  1971  and  1972  five  Pacific  blue  mariin.  Makaira 
nigricans,  were  tagged  with  temperature  sensing,  ultrasonic 
transmitters  off  the  west  coast  of  Hawaii.  These  were  tracked  for 
durations  up  to  22Vz  h.  The  paths  of  three  showed  movement  in  a 
northerly  direction.  The  other  two  showed  no  movement.  Average 
swimming  speed  ranged  from  2.2  km/h  to  3.4  km/h  for  the  three 
fish  tracked.  Swimming  depths  differed  considerably  among  the 
three. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 


10 


and  Contributed  Papers— An  Analysis  of  the  Sportfishery 
for  Billfishes  in  the  Northeastern  Gulf  of  Mexico  During 
1971.  By  Eugene  L.  Nakamura  and  Luis  R.  Rivas.  July 
1974.  p."  269-289. 

ABSTRACT 

Data  were  obtained  on  the  sportfishery  for  billfishes  off  South 
Pass,  Louisiana,  and  off  northwest  Florida  in  1971.  These  data 
included:  dales  and  times  of  raises,  hookups,  and  catches  by  species; 
locations  of  raises;  areas  fished;  baits  used;  water  color;  surface 
conditions;  boat  characteristics.  A  total  of  99  blue  marlin  [Makaira 
nigricans).  284  white  marlin  {Tetraptums  albidus).  and  318  sailfish 
{Istiophorus  platyterus)  were  caught  and  recorded  during  11,107 
hours  of  fishing  in  the  northeastern  Gulf  of  Mexico.  White  marlin 
was  most  abundant  in  July  and  August,  while  sailfish  was  most 
abundant  in  the  latter  half  of  September  off  northwest  Florida. 
Similar  periods  of  abundance  for  these  two  species  were  not  evident 
off  South  Pass.  Blue  marlin  did  not  have  an  especially  abundant 
period  in  their  area.  White  marlin  and  sailfish  were  more  abundant 
off  northwest  Florida  than  off  South  Pass,  whereas  the  reverse  was 
true  for  blue  marlin.  The  hours  of  greatest  relative  abundance  for  all 
species  of  billfishes  combined  were  between  1000  and  1200  and  again 
between  1300  and  1500  off  South  Pass.  A  similar  pattern  was  found 
off  northwest  Florida  (1000  1100  and  1400  15001.  Results  indicated 
that  the  bluer  the  water,  the  greater  the  relative  abundance  of  each 
of  the  three  species.  Off  South  Pass  more  billfishes  were  raised 
along  lines  and  rips  than  in  any  other  surface  condition,  whereas  off 
northwest  Florida,  more  billfishes  were  raised  in  open  water  than  in 
any  other  surface  condition.  Moon  phase  appeared  not  to  have  any 
significant  effect  on  billfishing.  Neither  did  the  length  of  the  fishing 
boats.  However,  of  the  boats  in  the  40  to  49  ft  length  category,  those 
with  twin  screws  raised  more  billfishes  than  those  with  single 
screw.  Off  northwest  Florida,  blue  marlin  preferred  mullet  {Mugil 
cephalus)  over  ballyhoo  {Hermiramphus  sp.)  and  bonito  [Euthynnus 
alleteratus)  strip  as  bait;  white  marlin  showed  no  preference;  while 
sailfish  preferred  bonito  strip.  Off  South  Pass,  data  on  bait 
preference  were  insufficient  to  allow  conclusions. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Angler  Catch  Rates  of  Billfishes 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  By  James  L.  Squire,  Jr.  July  1974, 
p.  290-295. 

ABSTRACT 

In  1969,  1970,  and  1971  marine  game  fish  anglers  participating  in 
the  Pacific  phase  of  the  National  Marine  Fisheries  Service 
cooperative  marine  game  fish  tagging  program  were  asked  to 
complete  a  postcard  form  which  requested  information  of  the 
number  of  days  of  billfishing  the  angler  engaged  in  and  the  catches 
made.  From  the  17,876  angler  days  reported,  the  catch  consisted  of 
10,234  billfishes.  The  average  foi-  the  3  yr  period  was  0.57  billfish 
per  angler  day  or  1.75  days  of  fishing  per  billfish.  Analysis  of  data 
for  the  geographical  areas  in  the  eastern  Pacific  and  Australia 
(Queensland)  wnere  billfishing  is  conducted  resulted  in  a  wide  range 
of  catch  per  effort  for  all  billfish  species  combined.  Off  southern 
California,  II. S. A.,  the  catch  was  0.10  fish  per  angler  day,  equahng 
10.3  days  of  fishing  per  fish.  Off  Ba^a  California,  Mexico,  records 
show  0.82  fish  per  an^lerday  equaling  1.22  days  fishing  per  fish, 
and  fishing  off  Mazatlan  yielded  1.21  fish  per  angler  day  and  0.82 
davs  fishing  per  fish.  Off  .'\capulco,  Mexico,  the  results  were  0.95 
fish  per  angler  day  and  1.05  davs  per  fish.  Fishing  off  Australia  the 
records  show  0..55  fish  per  angler-day  equaling  1.83  days  per  fish. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— The  Canadian  Swordfish  Fish- 
ery. By  S.  N.  Tibboand  A.  Sreedharan.  July  1974,  p.  296. 
Abstract  only. 

ABSTRACT 

During  the  early  1960's  the  traditional  harpoon  fishery  for 
swordfish  off  the  east  coast  of  Canada  was  replaced  by  a  longline 
fishery.  Fishing  areas  and  seasons  expanded,  landings  increased, 
and  size  composition  of  the  catch  decreased.  Catch  and  effort  data 
for  the  period  1958  to  1970  covering  both  fishing  methods  were 
analyzed  and  the  results  are  presented. 


(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9  12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Landings  of  Billfishes  in  the 
Hawaiian  Longline  Fishery.  By  Howard  0.  Yoshida.  Julv 
1974,  p.  297  301. 

ABSTRACT 

The  landings  of  the  Hawaiian  longline  fishery  are  dominated  by 
the  tunas.  During  1964  to  1967.  the  tunas,  by  weight,  made  up  an 
average  of  66%  of  the  catch,  whereas  the  marlins  and  swordfish. 
Xiphxas  gladius,  comprised  about  34%.  The  catch  of  billfishes  is 
composed  of  the  striped  marlin,  Tetraptums  audax,  blue  marlin, 
Makaira  nigricans,  black  marlin,  M.  indica.  sailfish,  Istiophonis 
platypterus,  shorlbill  spearfish,  T.  angustirostris,  and  swordfish. 

The  annual  landings  of  blue  marlin  ranged  between  47  and  366 
metric  tons  during  19.52  to  1970.  The  annual  landings  of  striped 
marlin  fluctuated  between  93  and  228  metric  tons  during  the  same 
period.  The  blue  marlin  dominated  the  catch  from  1952  to  1961. 
Subseouent  to  1963,  the  billfish  catches  have  been  dominated  by  the 
striped  marlin. 

The  monthly  landings  and  the  monthly  catch  rates  of  blue  marlin 
and  striped  marlin  showed  similar  trends.  The  monthly  landings  of 
striped  marlin,  however,  showed  greater  fluctuations  than  the 
monthly  catch  per  unit  of  effort.  This  was  attributed  in  part  to  a 
change  in  the  size  composition  of  striped  marUn  in  the  third  quarter. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Fishery-Oceanographic  Studies 
of  Striped  Marlin,  Tetrapturus  audax,  in  Waters  Off  Baja 
California.  I.  Fishing  Conditions  in  Relation  to  the 
Thermocline.  By  Fiji  Hanamoto.  July  1974,  p.  302-308. 

ABSTRACT 

In  this  report,  the  author  analyzed  fishing  conditions  for  striped 
marlin  in  waters  off  Baja  California  in  relation  to  the  thermocline. 
The  results  were  as  follows: 

1.  In  subarea  SW,  bounded  by  lal.  15°-25°N  and  long. 
115°  110° W,  catch  rates  begin  increasing  from  about  May  and  reach 
a  peak  between  Julv  and  October.  In  subarea  SE,  bounded  by  lat. 
15°-25°N  and  long.  110°  105°W.  there  appears  to  be  a  tendency  for 
catch  rates  to  be  highest  from  July  through  October.  In  subarea  M, 
bounded  by  lat.  10°N  to  along  the  coast  of  Mexico  and  long. 
105°-95°W,  catch  rates  are  highest  between  May  and  July. 

2.  From  December  through  March  there  is  good  fishing  in 
relatively  narrow  areas  around  the  tip  of  Baja  California.  In  .April,  a 
good  fishing  ground  appears  off  Manzanillo  and  in  May  this  ground 
begins  to  expand  seaward.  From  June,  the  area  of  good  fishing  off 
the  coast  from  Acapulco  to  Mazatlan  begins  to  expand  seaward  and 
the  greatest  expansion  of  grounds  occurs  off  Baja  California  in 
September.  In  October,  the  ground  becomes  narrow  and  is  located 
farther  east. 

3.  The  pattern  of  expansion  and  contraction  of  the  shallow 
thermocline  aiea  coincides  fairly  closely  with  the  pattern  of 
expansion  and  contraction  of  good  fishing  grounds.  One  of  the 
factors  related  to  this  phenomenon  is  that  the  formation  of  good 
fishing  grounds  off  Baja  California  is  considered  to  be  related  to  the 
shallow  thermocline  areas  where  there  is  a  more  abundant  food 
supply. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua-Kona,  Hawaii,  9  12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— A  Review  of  the  Longline 
Fishery  for  Billfishes  in  the  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean.  By 
James  Joseph,  VVitold  L.  Klawe,  and  Craig  J.  Orange. 
July  1974,  p.  309  331. 

ABSTRACT 

Catch  and  effort  statistics  from  the  Japanese  longline  fishery  are 
used  to  examine  the  quarterly  distribution  of  each  of  the  six  .species 
of  billfishes  taken  in  the  ea.stern  Pacific  Ocean  east  of  long.  130°W. 
Striped  marlin  appear  to  be  the  most  widelv  distributed  billfish  in 
the  eastern  Pacific.  Blue  marlin  are  confined  more  to  the  equatorial 
high  seas  regions  than  the  other  species.  Sailfish  are  extremely 
abundant  within  600  miles  of  the  shoreline  along  Mexico  and  Central 
America.  Shortbill  spearfish  are  relatively  sparsely  distributed  and 
less  abundant  in  inshore  waters  than  are  sailfish.  Black  marlin  are 


11 


the  least  widely  distributed  and  least  abundant  of  the  billfishes  in 
the  eastern  Pacific.  Swordfish  are  abundant  in  waters  around  Baja 
California.  Mexico,  and  near  northern  Peru  and  southern  Ecuador. 
They  are  also  frequently  encountered  in  or  near  the  cool  upwelled 
water  along  the  equator. 

Trends  in  abundance,  as  reflected  by  catch/1.000  hooks  and  total 
catch,  are  discussed.  On  the  southern  grounds  of  the  striped  marlin 
fishery,  apparent  abundance  of  this  species  has  dropped  to  about  a 
third  of  its  highe.st  level,  but  fishing  success  has  remained  constant 
on  the  northern  grounds.  Catches  of  striped  marlin  reached  their 
peak  in  1968  (337.000  fish);  by  1970  the  catch  had  dropped  to  180.000 
fish.  Apparent  abundance  and  catches  of  blue  marlin  also  decreased 
from  levels  in  the  early  1960's.  In  1963.  75.000  blue  marlin  were 
taken  but  the  catch  decreased  to  about  22.000  fish  by  1966  and  has 
fluctuated  about  that  level  since.  Because  so  few  black  marlin  are 
taken  in  the  eastern  Pacific,  trends  in  the  abundance  of  this  species 
are  not  discussed.  The  longline  fishery  for  sailfish  in  the  eastern 
Pacific  began  in  a  substantial  way  in  1965  with  a  catch  rate  of  about 
80  fish/1.000  hooks  on  the  major  sailfish  grounds  but  by  1970  this 
had  dropped  to  about  11  fish/1.000  hooks.  Also  catches  on  these 
grounds  dropped  from  a  peak  of  about  370.000  fish  in  1965  to  about 
210.000  fish  in  1970.  Catches  of  swordfish  continued  to  increase  from 
the  beginning  of  the  fishery  in  the  1950's  until  1969.  the  peak  year. 
when  about  112.000  fish  were  landed.  Catches  decreased  in  1970. 
although  effort  decreased  also.  The  apparent  abundance  of 
swordfish  has  shown  no  general  decreasing  trends. 

A  general  discussion  of  the  needs  of  scientific  research  on 
billfishes  is  given  in  the  final  section  of  the  report. 

(675.)  Proceedings  of  the  International  Billfish  Symposium, 
Kailua  Kona,  Hawaii,  9-12  August  1972.  Part  2.  Review 
and  Contributed  Papers— Billfish  Fishery  of  Taiwan.  By 
H.  C.  Huang.  July  1974,  p.  332-335. 


ABSTRACT 

Billfish  landings  made  by  Taiwan  fishing  vessels  from  1962  to 
1971  were  analyzed  and  described  briefly.  Billfishes  are  commercial 
ly  harvested  in  Taiwan  by  deep-sea  and  inshore  longline  fisheries 
and  the  harpoon  fishery.  The  important  species  caught  include 
swordfish.  striped  marlin.  blue  marlin.  black  marlin.  and  sailfish. 
The  deep  sea  longline  fishery  has  developed  rapidly  since  1954  and 
the  lanaings  of  billfishes  have  increased  accordingly.  Fishing 
operations  nave  covered  the  major  fishing  grounds  of  the  Pacific. 
Indian,  and  Atlantic  Oceans.  The  inshore  longline  fishery  still 
confines  its  activities  to  waters  around  Taiwan;  billfish  landings 
made  by  this  fishery  fluctuate  annually. 


676.  Price  Spreads  and  Cost  Analyses  for  Finl'ish  and  Shell- 
fish Products  at  Different  Marketing  Levels.  By  Erwin  S. 
Penn.  March  1974,  vi  +  74  p.,  15  figs.,  12  tables,  12  app. 
figs.,  41  app.  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

The  rapid  increase  of  fi.sh  prices  has  recently  caused  public 
concern.  To  find  the  cause  of  the  difference  between  the  price  the 
fisherman  receives  for  his  product  and  the  ultimate  price  paid  by  the 
consumer,  the  report  analyzes  the  distribution  of  the  consumer's 
dollar  paid  to  the  retailer  as  well  as  to  the  wholesaler,  processor, 
and  fi.snerman. 

Selected  for  this  study  are  seven  finfish.  two  canned  fish,  and 
four  shellfish  products.  The  difference  or  margin  between  selling 
and  purchasing  prices  of  each  level  and  the  share  of  the  consumer's 
dollar  by  each  level  and  each  cost  component  are  calculated  for  each 
fish  product.  The  report  also  analyzes  the  costs  and  profits  incurred 
by  each  marketing  function  and  describes  the  major  influence  on 
margin  differences. 

"The  objective  of  the  study  is  to  give  individual  firms  in  the 
fishery  a  systematic  guide  to  examine  their  margins,  costs,  and 
profits  for  each  fish  product;  compare  them  with  the  data  presented 
m  this  study,  as  national  averages  for  the  same  product;  and 
determine  whether  there  is  room  for  improvement  for  their 
performance  and  services. 

677.  Abundance  of  Benthic  Macroinvertebrates  in  Natural 
and  Altered  Estuarine  Areas.  By  Gil  Gilmore  and  Lee 
Trent.  April  1974,  iii  +  13  p.,  11  figs.,  3  tables,  2  app. 
tables. 


ABSTRACT 

The  abundance  of  benthic  macroinvertebrates  during  March- 
October  1969  in  West  Bay.  Texas,  was  compared  between  1)  a 
natural  marsh  area.  2)  an  adjacent  marsh  area  altered  by  channel- 
ization, bulkheading.  and  filling,  and  3)  an  open  bay  area.  Animals 
representing  four  phyla  were  caught.  Abundance  indices  (areas 
combined)  of  the  four  groups  in  terms  of  numbers  were  66.4% 
polychaetes,  29.6%  crustaceans,  2.5%  pelecypods.  and  1.5% 
nemerteans;  volumes  were  44.0%  polychaetes,  40.8%  pelecypods, 
10.7%  nemerteans,  and  4.4%  crustaceans. 

When  all  organisms  were  combined,  they  were  slightly  more 
abundant  numerically  and  over  twice  as  abundant  volumetrically  in 
the  marsh  than  in  the  canals  and  were  least  abundant  in  the  bay. 
Polychaetes  were  most  abundant  in  the  canals  and  least  abundant  in 
the  bay;  abundance  was  highest  at  stations  with  low  to  intermediate 
amounts  of  silt  and  clay  or  where  vegetative  matter  was  composed 
mostly  of  live  sea  grasses  or  detritus.  Crustaceans  were  more 
abundant  in  the  natural  marsh  than  in  the  other  two  areas  and 
showed  a  definite  preference  for  sandy  substrate  in  marsh  areas. 
Pelecypods  were  numerically  most  abundant  in  the  bay  but 
volumetrically  the  marsh  had  the  highest  standing  crop. 
Nemerteans  were  most  abundant  in  the  marsh  and  least  abundant  m 
the  bay. 

In  general,  the  seasonal  abundance  of  polychaetes  and 
nemerteans  varied  little  during  the  study,  whereas  crustaceans  and 
pelecypods  were  abundant  only  during  the  spring  and  early 
summer.  An  exception  to  this  seasonal  abundance  pattern  was  the 
reduction  in  numbers  of  polychaetes  at  the  uppermost  canal  station 
where  the  habitat  was  apparently  unsuitable  due  to  low  oxygen 
levels  during  the  summer  and  early  fall. 


678.  Distribution,  Abundance,  and  Growth  of  Juvenile 
Sockeye  Salmon,  Oncorhynchus  nerka,  and  Associated 
Species  in  the  Naknek  River  System,  1961-64.  By  Robert 
J.  Ellis.  September  1974,  v  -i-  53  p.,  27  figs.,  26  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

The  Naknek  River  system  contains  eight  interconnected  and 
generally  biologically  discrete  basins,  each  with  a  different  ratio  of 
spawning  grounds  to  rearing  area  for  sockeye  salmon.  Oncorhyn- 
chus nerka,  and  different  densities  of  juvenile  sockeye  salmon  and 
associated  species  of  fish.  Juvenile  sockeye  salmon  and  other  pelagic 
species  were  sampled  with  tow  nets  at  night.  Sockeye  salmon  were 
the  most  common  and  abundant  species  in  all  basins,  followed  by 
threespine  sticklebacks,  ninespine  sticklebacks,  and  pond  smelt. 
Eighteen  other  species  of  potential  competitor  or  predator  fish  were 
present. 

In  the  summers  of  1961  to  1963.  juvenile  sockeye  salmon  in  the 
pelagic  areas  had  a  characteristic  pattern  of  abundance  for  the 
entire  system:  abundance  (catch  per  tow)of  age  0  increased  from 
early  summer  to  midsummer  and  then  declined  to  late  August.  The 
abundance  in  late  August  varied  about  threefold  and,  in  general, 
was  independent  of  variations  in  the  number  of  parents  from  1960  to 
1963. 

In  July  the  abundance  of  age  0  fish  in  each  basin  was 
proportional  to  the  amount  of  known  contiguous  spawning  ground, 
but  by  late  August  this  relation  no  longer  existed.  This  change  was 
at  least  partly  due  to  migration  of  the  age  0  fish— generally  from 
basins  of  greater  abundance  of  fish  to  those  of  lesser  abundance. 
The  larger  and  faster  growing  fish  were  the  first  to  migrate.  Not  all 
basins  were  involved  in  these  migrations. 

The  production  of  sockeye  salmon  smolts  in  the  Naknek  system 
is  relatively  stable.  At  least  three  major  factors  probably  contribute 
to  this  stability:  ( 1 )  the  presence  of  several  major  .spawning  units  or 
race.s  in  widely  separated  spawning  grounds  of  different  types,  (2) 
the  presence  of  several  connected  lakes,  and  (3)  the  migratory 
behavior  of  juvenile  sockeye  salmon  during  their  first  summer. 

A  mechanism  which  prevents  the  population  of  juvenile  sockeye 
salmon  from  exceeding  some  upper  limit  is  not  apparent  in  the 
N.iknek  system.  A  reduction  in  growth  in  areas  of  high  density  was 
not  apparent  in  the  Naknek  system  in  1961  64  and  apparently  did 
not  occur  in  1957  65.  Many  kinds  of  predators  on  juvenile  .salmon  are 
present  but  probably  are  not  limiting  production  of  smolts. 

The  data  on  abundance  and  growth  of  juvenile  sockeye  salmon 
and  the  distribution  of  the  escapement  and  spawning  grounds 
indicate  that  it  should  be  possible  to  increase  the  production  of 
.sockeye  salmon  in  the  Naknek  system.  Two  of  the  major  basins. 
North  Arm  and  Brooks  Lake,  which  constitute  about  35%  of  the 
system,  are  now  producing  juveniles  at  very  low  levels.  North  Arm 
appears  to  suffer  from  too  little  spawning  area,  whereas  Brooks 
Lake  appears  to  have  adequate  spawning  area  but  too  few 
spawners. 


12 


Three  factors  in  the  biology  of  juvenile  sockeye  salmon  of  the 
Naknek  system  are  of  special  significance  to  the  managers  of  the 
resource  and  should  be  investigated  in  any  effort  to  enhance  the 
production  of  sockeye  salmon  in  the  Naknek  system:  (U  the 
abundance  of  smolls  each  spring  is  fairly  constant  for  the  system  as 
a  whole  and  not  closely  related  to  the  abundance  of  the  parents  or, 
from  1961  M.  even  to  the  original  abundance  of  age  0  fish;  (2)  the 
apparent  growth  of  juvenile  sockeye  salmon  and  potential 
competitor  species  is  not  related  to  the  abundance  of  these  fish  in 
any  lake  of  the  Naknek  system;  and  13)  two  major  lakes, 
constituting  about  35%  of  the  rearing  waters,  do  not  receive  age  0 
sockeye  salmon  from  other  basins  and  are  supporting  relatively  few 
sockeye  salmon. 

Ttie  question  of  what  escapement  of  adult  .sockeye  .salmon  is 
needed  to  ensure  full  production  of  juveniles  is  considered.  The 
present  study  indicates  that  escapements  in  the  range  of  600.000  to 
1.000.000  fish,  as  recommended  by  other  studies,  would  probably 
fully  use  the  present  combination  of  spawning  and  rearing  areas 
without  danger  of  overburdening  the  food  supply. 

679.  Kinds  and  Abundance  of  Zooplankton  Collected  by  the 
USCG  Icebreaker  Glacier  in  the  Eastern  Chukchi  Sea, 
September-October  1970.  By  Bruce  L.  Wing.  August 
1974,  iv  +  18  p.,  14  figs.,  6  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

Zooplankton  samples  were  taken  at  39  oceanographic  stations  in 
the  eastern  Chukchi  Sea  in  September  and  October  1970.  Sampling 
was  done  by  vertical  tows  from  near  bottom  to  the  surface  with  a 
0.5  m  diameter  No.  0  (0.57  mm)  mesh  NorPac  standard  plankton 
net.  Data  are  presented  on  the  distribution  and  relative  abundance 
of  63  categories  of  zooplankton  at  the  onset  of  winter.  Zooplankton 
abundance  generally  was  lowest  in  waters  with  temperatures  below 
0°C;  it  did  not  appear  to  be  associated  with  the  distribution  of 
salinity;  and  it  tencJed  to  be  inversely  related  to  dissolved  oxygen 
concentration.  Comparison  of  zooplankton  abundance  in  1970  with 
published  observations  on  the  Chukchi  Sea  in  1947  shows  probable 
.seasonal  variation  of  meroplankton  abundance  and  yearly  variation 
of  holoplankton  abundance. 

680.  Pelagic  Amphipod  Crustaceans  from  the  Southeastern 
Bering  Sea,  June  1971.  By  Gerald  A.  Sanger.  July  1974, 
iii  +  8  p.,  3  figs.,  3  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

Fourteen  species  of  pelagic  amphipods  were  present  in  zoo 
plankton  samples  collected  from  the  southeastern  Bering  Sea  in 
June  1971.  Parathemisto  pacifica  strongly  dominated  relative 
abundance  (68  96%)  and  was  present  in  numbers  up  to  an  estimated 
2,755/1,000  m'  of  water.  Primno  macropa,  was  the  only  other 
species  present  m  all  hauls  and  ranged  from  4  to  27%  in  relative 
abundance.  Cyphocans  challengeri  was  present  in  numbers  up  to 
48/1.000  m^  during  night  hauls,  but  only  one  animal  was  taken  in 
all  daylight  hauls.  Hyperia  medusarum  was  pre.sent  in  14  (82%)  of 
the  hauls  but  accounted  for  less  than  1%  of  the  total  numbers. 

A  presumed  diurnal  vertical  migration  was  evidenced  for 
Primno  macropa,  Cyphocaris  ckallengeri,  and  possibly  for  Scina 
rattrayi  Hyperuche  medusarum,  and  Hyperia  medusarum. 

The  occurrence  of  Sci7m  s(e66myi,  S.  rattrayi,  Vibilia  caeca  {'?), 
Paraphronima  crassipes,  Phronima  sedentaria,  and  Primno 
macropa  extended  their  known  ranges  in  the  Bering  Sea  eastward, 
and  the  occurrence  of  Cyphocaris  anonyx  represents  a  new  record 
for  the  Bering  Sea. 


681.    Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner.  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  October  1974,  iv  +  33  p. 

SUMMARY  ABSTRACT 

The  cunner,  Tautogolabrus  adspersus,  was  exposed  to  six 
concentrations  of  cadmium,  as  cadmium  chloride  (CdCh  •  2'/!H2  0'. 
for  96  h.  At  the  end  of  this  exposure  period,  tests  of  blood  serum 
osmolality  and  gill  tissue  oxygen  consumption  were  performed. 
High  levels  (48  ppm)  of  this  metal  resulted  in  abnormallv  high  serum 
osmolality,  ana  an  exposure  as  low  as  3  ppm  reduced  the  normal 
rate  of  oxygen  consumption.  Both  of  these  parameters  may  be 
related  to  observed  tissue  damage. 

The  hislopathological  effects  of  acute  exposure  of  the  cunner  to 
cadmium  were  manifested  in  the  kidney,  intestine,  hemopoietic 


tissue,  epidermis,  and  gill.  Few  significant  changes  were  noted  in 
fish  exposed  to  concentrations  less  than  48  ppm.  The  results 
implicate  renal  failure  as  the  probable  cause  of  death  subsequent  to 
acute  exposure  to  cadmium. 

Clearance  of  intracardially  injected  bacteria  from  the  blood  of 
cunners  exposed  to  12  ppm  cadmium  was  examined.  The  rate  of 
bacterial  uptake  in  the  cells  of  the  liver  and  spleen  was  increased, 
but  the  bacterial  death  rate  within  these  cells  was  decreased. 
Exposure  of  fish  at  3  to  24  ppm  failed  to  influence  antibody 
production  against  sheep  red  blood  cells. 

The  activity  of  two  liver  enzymes  changed  significantly  with 
exposure  to  cadmium.  Aspartate  aminotransferase  was  lower  in  the 
exposed  fish,  and  a  magnesium  linked  oxidoreductase  in  exposed 
fisn  required  10  times  as  much  added  magnesium  to  reach  the  same 
level  of  activity  as  in  the  control  fish. 

Chemical  analyses  were  made  for  uptake  and  clearance  of 
cadmium  from  exposed  cunners.  In  the  uptake  study,  cadmium 
residues  averaged  8.5  times  higher  in  liver  than  in  gills.  In  the 
clearance  study,  substantial  reductions  in  cadmium  residues  were 
found  in  the  gills  and  blood  of  fish  held  in  clean  seawater  for  6  wk 
after  exposure  to  cadmium,  as  compared  to  fish  sacrificed 
immediately  after  exposure.  Mu.scle  and  carcass  samples  from  the 
"cleared"  fish  showed  little  reductions  in  cadmium  levels. 


(681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner,  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  I.  Introduction  and  Experimental 
Design.  By  Anthony  Calabrese,  Ries  S.  Collier,  and  James 
E.  Miller.  October  1974,  p.  1-3. 

(No  abstract) 

1681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner,  Tautogolab- 
rus adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  II.  Uptake  of  Cadmium  by 
Organs  and  Tissues.  By  Richard  A.  Greig,  Albert  E. 
Adams,  and  Betty  A.  Nelson.  October  1974,  p.  5-9,  2  figs., 
2  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

Cadmium  uptake  and  clearance  data  were  obtained  on  cunners, 
Tautogolabrus  adspersus,  exposed  to  various  concentrations  of  this 
metal  in  artificial  seawater. 

In  the  uptake  study,  cunners  were  exposed  to  0,  3,  6.  12,  24,  and 
48  ppm  cadmium  in  seawater  for  4  days.  Cadmium  residues 
averaged  8.2  times  higher  in  livers  than  in  gills.  At  the  48  ppm 
cadmium  expo.sure  level,  the  livers  averaged  195  ppm,  as  compared 
to  33.5  ppm  for  gills  (wet  weight  values). 

In  the  clearance  study,  cunners  were  exposed  to  24  ppm 
cadmium  in  seawater  for  4  days,  after  which  time  half  of  the  fish 
were  placed  in  clean  flowing  seawater  for  1  mo  and  half  were 
sacrificed  immediately  to  determine  initial  cadmium  residue 
concentrations.  Gill,  liver,  blood,  muscle,  and  carcass  samples  were 
analyzed.  Substantial  reductions  in  cadmium  residues  were  found  in 
the  gills  and  blood  of  fish  held  in  clean  seawater.  as  compared  to 
samples  from  fish  sacrificed  immediately  after  exposure  to 
cadmium.  Livtr  samples  produced  variable  results:  livers  of  fish 
held  in  clean  seawater  for  1  mo  contained  62-155  ppm  cadmium  for 
four  fish  and  5-11  ppm  for  three  fish,  as  compared  to  30-117  ppm  for 
livers  from  eight  fish  s.acrificed  immediately  after  exposure  to 
cadmium.  Muscle  and  carcass  samples  from  the  "cleared"  fish 
showed  very  little  reduction  in  cadmium  levels. 

(681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner,  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  III.  Changes  in  Osmoregulation 
and  Oxygen  Consumption.  By  Frederick  P.  Thurberg  and 
Margaret  A.  Dawson.  October  1974,  p.  11-13,  1  fig. 

ABSTRACT 

The  cunner,  Tautogolabrus  adspersus,  was  expo.sed  to  various 
concentrations  of  cadmium,  as  cadmium  chlori(ieiCdCl!-2'/2H20). 
for  %  h.  .'\t  the  end  of  this  exposure  period  tes;..-;  of  blood  serum 
osmolalitv  and  gill  tissue  oxygen  consumption  were  performed. 
High  levels  148  ppm)  of  this  metal  resulted  in  an  abnormally  high 
serum  osmolality  and  an  exposure  as  low  as  3  ppm  reduced  the 
normal  rate  of  oxygen  consumption.  Both  of  these  parameters  may 
be  related  to  observed  tissue  damage. 

(681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner,  Tautogolabrus 


13 


adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  IV.  Effects  on  the  Immune 
System.  By  Richard  A.  Robohm  and  Maureen  F. 
Nitkowski.  October  1974,  p.  15-20,  1  fig.,  1  table. 

ABSTRACT 

Two  elements  of  the  immune  .system  in  ounners.  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  were  examined  after  96  h  exposure  to  cadmium;  1) 
clearance  of  intracardially  injected  bacteria  from  the  bloodstream 
and  21  ability  to  produce  antibody  against  intraperitoneally  injected 
sheep  red  blood  cells  (SRBC).  Exposure  to  12  ppm  cadmium 
increased  the  rates  of  bacterial  uptake  in  phagocytes  of  the  liver  and 
spleen  but  significantly  decreased  the  rates  of  bacterial  kiUing 
within  these  cells.  Exposure  of  fish  at  3  to  24  ppm  cadmium  failed  to 
influence  antibody  production  against  SRBC.  These  re.sults  indicate 
that  cadmium  affects  one  aspect  of  cellular  immunity  but  not 
humoral  immunity  in  cunners.  This  effect  may  increase  susceptibil- 
ity to  infection. 

(681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Gunner,  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  V.  Observations  on  the  Bio- 
chemistry. By  Edith  Gould  and  John  J.  Karolus.  October 
1974,  p.  21-25,  1  fig..  3  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

In  the  liver  of  cunner,  Tautogolabrus  adspersus.  exposed  to  3 
ppm  and  to  24  ppm  Cd  for  96  h.  aspartate  aminotransferase  activity 
was  71%  and  59%,  respectively,  of  the  activity  in  Hvers  of  control 
fish. 

In  the  livers  of  cunners  exposed  to  24  ppm  Cd.  nictinamide 
adenine  dinucleotide  reductase  activity  required  20  mM  Mg  for 
activation  of  the  same  order  that  2  rnM  Mg  produced  in  control 
livers. 

Although  individual  variation  precludes  generalization  here, 
what  may  be  a  metal  complexing  group  of  proteins  in  the  serum  of 
cadmium  exposed  cunner  warrants  further  electrophoretic  study. 


(681.)  Physiological  Response  of  the  Cunner,  Tautogolabrus 
adspersus,  to  Cadmium.  VI.  Histopathology.  By  Martin 
W.  Newman  and  Sharon  A.  MacLean.  October  1974,  p. 
27-33.  8  figs.,  1  table. 

ABSTRACT 

The  histopathological  effects  of  acute  exposure  of  cunner. 
Tautogolabrus  adspersus,  to  water  containing  cadmium  chloride 
were  manifested  in  the  kidney,  intestine,  hemopoietic  tissue. 
epidermis,  and  gill.  Few  significant  changes  were  noted  in  fish 
exposed  to  concentrations  le.ss  than  48  ppm  for  96  h.  The  results 
implicate  renal  failure  as  the  probable  cause  of  death  after  acute 
exposure  to  cadmium. 

682.  Heat  Exchange  Between  Ocean  and  Atmosphere  in  the 
Eastern  North  Pacific  for  1961-71.  By  N.  E.  Clark,  L. 
Eber,  R.  M.  Laurs,  J.  A.  Renner,  and  J.  F.  T.  Saur. 
December  1974,  iii   -i-  108  p.,  2  figs.,  1  table,  5  plates. 

ABSTRACT 

Summaries  of  large  scale  heat  exchange  between  ocean  and 
atmosphere  in  the  eastern  North  I'acific  Ocean  are  presented  for  the 
period  1961  through  1971.  The  summaries  are  based  on  computa 
tions  made  from  synoptic  marine  radio  weather  reports  and  include 
1)  monthly  values  of  total  heat  exchange  and  departures  from  a 
long-term  mean;  2)  long  term  monthly  mean  values  of  the  total  heat 
excnange.  incoming  solar  radiation,  effective  back  radiation,  and 
evaporative  and  sensible  heat  transfer;  and  31  annual  cycles  of  total 
heat  exchange  for  selected  areas. 

Outstanding  spatial  and  temporal  features  of  the  heat  exchange 
values  are  discussed.  However,  little  detail  is  given  since  this  is  a 
summary  report,  and  the  readers  can  draw  their  own  conclusions 
depending  upon  the  intended  use  of  the  charts. 

Comparisons  are  also  made  between  the  total  heat  exchange 
values  and  those  given  in  two  other  reports.  Discrepancies  between 
values  given  in  this  report  and  those  published  in  the  other  reports 
are  attributed  to  differences  in  empirical  equations  u.sed  to  make  the 
heat  exchange  computations,  differences  in  data  processing 
techniques,    differences    in    the    observed    data    used    in    the 


computations   due   to  different   methods  of  acquisition,   and   the 
possibility  of  ocean  climate  changes. 


NOAA  TECHNICAL  MEMORANDUM  NMFS 

ABFL-3.  Salmon  Fry  Production  in  a  Gravel  Incubator 
Hatchery,  Auke  Creek,  Alaska,  1971-72.  By  Jack  E. 
Bailey  and  Sidney  G.  Taylor.  November  1974,  iv  +  13  p., 
12  figs.,  6  tables. 

ABSTRACT 

Survival  and  physical  characteristics  of  pink  salmon  fry, 
(hicorhynchus  gorbuscha,  incubated  in  two  types  of  boxes,  each  box 
containing  about  Im^  of  gravel,  and  a  Health  incubator  were 
compared  with  fry  from  natural  spawning  to  evaluate  the  use  of 
boxes  to  product  fry.  The  gravel  incubators  were  seeded  at 
densities  of  74.200  to  198.000  eyed  eggs/m  '.  Survival  from  eyed 
eggs  to  emergent  fry  ranged  from  79  to  97%  in  artificial  incubation, 
but  the  number  of  incubators  tested  was  too  small  to  define  any 
relationships  between  survival  and  incubator  type  or  egg  density. 
With  artificial  incubation  in  gravel,  survival  from  potential  eggs  in 
females  to  emergent  fry  was  69%,  whereas  with  natural  spawning 
and  incubation  in  the  creek,  survival  was  about  12%. 

Fry  emerged  from  gravel  incubators  about  3  days  earher  than 
from  the  streambed.  The  gravel  incubator  fry  were  larger  than  tray 
fry  but  smaller  than  creek  fry.  The  smaller  size  of  the  gravel 
incubator  fry  could  not  be  explained  entirely  on  the  basis  of  early 
emergence. 

Further  studies  were  recommended  to  determine  whether  the 
muskeg  sediment  that  accumulated  in  the  incubators,  the  low 
oxygen  level  (57  to  69%  saturation),  or  the  substrate  particle  size 
and  composition  inhibited  growth  of  the  embryos. 

AUTHOR   INDEX 

Adams.  Albert  E.  — see  Greig  et  al. 
Adams.  Genevieve— see  Trent  et  al. 
Anthony,  Ernest  A.— see  McNulty  et  al. 

Bailey.  Jack  E..  and  Sidney  G.  Taylor.  TM  ABFL-3 
Baxter,  Kenneth  N.— see  Lyon  and  Baxter 
Beckett.  James  S..  S  675.  p.  103 

.  and  H.  C.  Freeman.  S  675.  p.  154 

Bowman.  Edgar  W.,  S  674 
Buchanan.  C.  C— see  Parker  et  al. 

Calabrese,  Anthony,  Ries  S.  Collier,  and  James  E.  Miller.  S  681,  p.  1 

Clark.  H.  Lawrence— see  Mather  et  al. 

Clark.  N.E.,  L.  Eber,  R.  M.  Laurs,  J.  A.  Renner,  and  J.  F.  T.  Saur. 

S682 
Clark,  Stephen  H..  Dennis  A.  Emiliani,  and  Richard  A.  Neal,  D  85 
Collier,  Ries  S. — .see  Calabrese  et  al. 
Collins,  L.  Alan— see  Saloman  and  Collins 

,  and  John  H.  Finucane.  D  87 

Cook,  Steven  K..  James  F.  Hebard.  Merton  C.  Ingham,  Ellsworth  C. 

Smith,  and  Carlos  Afonso  Dias.  D  82 
Craig.  William  L.— see  Shomura  and  Craig 
Cram.  D.  L.— see  Penrith  and  Cram 

Dawson.  Margaret  A.— see  Thurberg  and  Dawson 
de  Sylva.  Donald  P.,  S  675.  p.  12.  80 

,  and  Shoji  Ueyanagi.  S  675.  p.  79 

Dias.  Carlos  Afonso— see  Cook  et  al. 
Dizon.  Andrew  E.— see  Yuen  et  al. 

Eber.  L.  — see  Clark  et  al. 

Eldridge,  Maxwell  B..  and  Paul  G.  Wares,  S  675,  p.  89 

EIHs,  Robert  J..  S  678 

Emiliani,  Dennis  A.— see  Clark  et  al. 

Engett.  Mary  Ellen,  and  Lee  C.  Thorson,  C  390 

Fierstine,  Harry  L..  S  675.  p.  34 

Finucane.  John  H.— see  Collins  and  Unucane 

Freeman,  H.  C— see  Beckett  and  Freeman 


14 


Fujiya,  Masaru.  C  388,  p.  27 

Gilmore.  Gil.  and  Lee  Trent.  S  677 

Glude.  John  B..  C  388.  p.  89.  115 

Gordy.  Herbert  R— see  Turner  et  al. 

Gould.  Edith,  and  John  J.  Karolus.  S  681.  p.  21 

Greig.  Richard  A..  Albert  E.  Adams,  and  Betty  A.  Nelson.  S  681.  p.  5 

Gutherz.  Elmer  J..  Anthony  F.  Serra.  and  Edward  F.  Klima,  FF  9 

Hall.  John  R..  and  William  N.  Lindall.  Jr..  D  94 

Ilanamoto.  Eiji.  S  675.  p.  302 

llasegawa.  Yoshio.  and  Yukimasa  Kuwatani.  C  388,  p.  3 

llayashi.  Tomoo— see  Kan  no  and  Hayashi 

Ilebard.  James  F.— see  Cook  et  al. 

Hiatt.  Robert  W..  C  388.  p.  1 

Hipkins.  Fred  W..  FF  7 

Huang.  H.  C.  S  675.  p.  332 

Hughes,  Steven  E.,  D  96 


Ingham.  Merton  C— see  Cook  el  al. 

Iversen.  Robert  T.  B..  and  Richard  R.  Kelley.  S  675.  p. 


149 


Johnson.  George  N.  — see  Turner  et  al. 

Jolley.  John  W..  Jr..  S  675.  p.  81 

Joseph,  James,  Witold  L.  Klawe,  and  Craig  J.  Orange.  S  675.  p.  309 

Kan  no.  Hisashi.  and  Tomoo  Hayashi.  C  388.  p.  23 

Karolus.  John  J.  — see  Gould  and  Karolus 

Kawatsu.  Hiroshi.  C  388.  p.  17 

Kazama.  Thomas  K.— see  Matsumoto  and  Kazama 

Kelley.  Richard  R.— see  Iversen  and  Kelley 

Klawe.  Witold  L.— see  Joseph  el  al. 

Klima.  Edward  F.— see  Gutherz  el  al. 

Kuwatana.  Yukimasa~see  Hasegawa  and  Kuwatani 

Lane.  J.  Perry.  FF  8 

Laurs.  R.  M.  — see  Clark  et  al. 

Lenarz.  William  H.,  and  Eugene  L.  Nakamura.  S  675.  p.  121 

Lindall.  William  N..  Jr.  — see  McNulty  et  al. 

Longwell.  A.  Crosby.  C  388.  p.  75.  123 

Love.  Culhbert  M.  (editor).  C  330.  v.  8 

Lyon.  James  M..  and  Kenneth  N.  Baxter.  D  83 

MacLean,  Sharon  A.— see  Newman  and  MacLean 

McNulty,  J.  Kneeland.  William  N.  Lindall.  Jr..  and  Ernest  A.  Anthony, 

D95 
Manning,  Raymond  B..  C  387 
Markle.  Gretchen  E..  S  675,  p.  252 
Mason.  John  M..  Jr. — see  Mather  et  al. 
Mather.  Charles  0..  S  675.  p.  102 
Mather.  Frank  J.  Ill,  John  M.  Mason.  Jr..  and  H.  Lawrence  Clark. 

S  675,  p.  211 
,  Durbin  C.  Tabb,  John  M.   Mason,  Jr..  and  H.  Lawrence 

Clark.  S  675.  p.  194 
Matsumoto.  Walter  M..  and  Thomas  K.  Kazama.  S  675.  p.  238 
Miller.  James  E. — see  Calabrese  et  al. 
Misiuno.  David  A..  D  92 
Mock.  Cornelius  R..  C  388.  p.  33.  Ill 

Nakamura.  Eugene  L.  — see  Lenarz  and  Nakamura 

.  and  Luis  R.  Rivas.  S  675.  p.  269 

Nakamura.  Izumi.  S  675,  p.  45 

Neal.  Richard  A.— see  Clark  et  al. 

Nelson.  Betty  A.— see  Greig  el  al. 

Newman.  Martin  W..  and  Sharon  A.  MacLean.  S  681,  p.  27 

Nishikawa.  Yasuo.  and  Shoji  Ueyanagi.  S  675,  p.  261 

Nitkowski.  Maureen  F.— see  Robohm  and  Nitkowski 


Penn,  Erwin  S..  S  676 

Penrith.  M.  J.,  and  D.  L.  Cram,  S  675,  p.  175 
Petersen.  Duane  H.,  D  88 
PuUen,  Edward  J.— see  Trent  el  al. 
.  and  Lee  Trent,  D  97 

Renner,  J.  A.— see  Clark  et  al. 

Richards.  William  J..  S  675.  p.  62 

Rivas.  Luis  R.  — see  Nakamura  and  Rivas 

Robins.  C.  Richard.  S  675.  p.  54.  164 

Robohm.  Richard  A.,  and  Maureen  F.  Nitkowski.  S  681,  p.  15 

Sakagawa,  Gary  T.— see  Wares  and  Sakagawa 
Saloman,  Carl  H..  D  84 

,  and  L.  Alan  Collins,  D  90 

Sanchez,  C.  K.  — see  Owen  and  Sanchez 

Sanger.  Gerald  A..  S  680 

Saur.  J.  F.  T.— see  Clark  el  al. 

Scott.  W.  B..  and  S.  N.  Tibbo,  S  675,  p.  138 

Serra.  Anthony  F.— see  Gutherz  et  al. 

Shaw.  William  N.  (editor).  C  388.  p.  57.  107 

Shomura.  Richard  S.— .see  Uchiyama  and  Shomura 

.  and  William  L.  Craig.  S  675.  p.  160 

.  and  Francis  Williams  (editors),  S  675 

Skillman,  Robert  A.,  and  Marian  Y.  Y.  Yong,  S  675,  p.  126 

Smith,  Ellsworth  C— see  Cook  et  al. 

Squire.  James  L..  Jr..  S  675.  p.  188.  226.  290 

Sreedharan.  .'V.— see  Tibbo  and  Sreedharan 

Steimle.  F.  W.,  Jr..  — see  Parker  et  al. 

Stone,  R.  B.— see  Parker  et  al. 

Suto,  Shunzo,  C  388,  p.  7 

Tabb.  Durbin  C— see  Mather  el  al. 

Taylor.  Sidney  G.— see  Bailey  and  Taylor 

Thurberg.  Frederick  P..  and  Margaret  A.  Dawson,  S  681,  p.  11 

Tibbo.  S.  N.— see  Scott  and  Tibbo 

and  A.  Sreedharan.  S  675.  p.  296 

Thorson,  Lee  C  —  see  Engett  and  Thorson 
Trent,  Lee— see  Gilmore  and  Trent 

see  PuUen  and  Trent 

,  Edward  J,  Pullen,  Genevieve  Adams,  and  Gilbert  Zamora, 

Jr..  D  93 
Turner,  William  R.,  George  N.  Johnson,  and  Herbert  R.  Gordy.  D  89 

Uchiyama.  James  H.— see  Yuen  et  al. 

.  and  Richard  S.  Shomura,  S  675.  p.  142 

Ueyanagi.  Shoji.  S  675.  p.  1.  73 

see  de  Sylva  and  Ueyanagi 

see  Nishikawa  and  Ueyanagi 

Wares.  Paul  G.— see  Eldridge  and  Wares 

,  and  Gary  T.  Sakagawa.  S  675.  p.  107 

Weber.  Douglas  D..  D  86 

Wildman.  Robert  D.,  C  388,  p.  41.  97 

Williams.  Austin  B..  C  389 

Williams.  Francis— see  Shomura  and  Williams 

Willoughby.  Harvey.  C  388.  p.  67,  103 

Wing,  Bruce  L..  S  679 

Yong,  Marian  Y.  Y.  — see  Skillman  and  Yong 
Yoshida,  Howard  0.,  S  675,  p.  297 

Yuen,  Heeny  S.  H..  Andrew  E.  Dizon.  and  James  H.  Uchiyama.  S  675, 
p.  265 

Zamora.  Gilbert.  Jr. —see  Trent  et  al. 


Orange.  Craig  J.— see  Joseph  et  al. 
Owen.  R.  W..  and  C.  K.  Sanchez.  D  91 

Parker,  R.  0..  Jr.,  R.  B.  Stone.  C.  C.  Buchanan,  and  F.  W.  Steimle. 
Jr..  FF  10 


SUBJECT  INDEX 

Abalone 
status  of  culture  in  Japan.  C  ,388.  p.  24 


15 


status  of  production  in  Hokkaido.  C  388,  p.  5 

Aequipecten  irradiaTis—see  Scallop,  bay 

Africa 
billfish 

scientific  investigation:  present  and  future,  S  675.  p.  102 

Alaska 
Auke  Creek.  TM  ABFL-3 

Alewife 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66.  S  674 

Algae,  brown 
status  of  production  in  Hokkaido,  C  388.  p.  6 

Algae,  red 
status  of  production  in  Hokkaido.  C  388.  p.  6 

Alosa  ■pseudoharengus—see  Alewife 

Ambloplites  rupestris—see  Bass,  rock 

Anoplopoma  fimbria— see  Sablefish 

Aplodinotus  grunniens—see  Drum,  freshwater 

Aquaculture 

custacean  culture 

crab,  C  388.  p.  112 

freshwater  shrimp.  C  388,  p.  112 

shrimp,  C  388,  p.  Ill 

spiny  lobster,  C  388,  p.  112 
fish  farming  in  Japan 

constraints  and  problems.  C  388,  p.  30 

essence  and  significance,  C  388.  p.  27 

seedling  production,  C  388,  p.  29 

types,  C  388,  p.  28 
freshwater  fish  culture  in  Japan 

commercial  trout  farms.  C  388.  p.  104 

eel.  C  388.  p.  105 

salmon.  C  388,  p.  103 

saltwater  trout.  C  388.  p.  103 

freshwater  fish  culture  in  United  States 

disease  control.  C  388,  p.  72 

fish  transportation,  C  388,  p.  72 

production  level,  C  388.  p.  67 

training  schools,  C  388,  p.  73 

types  of  culture,  C  388,  p.  68 
genetics  of  American  oyster 

chromosome  basis  of  breeding  system.  C  388.  p.  75 

effects  of  inbreeding.  C  388.  p.  78 

effects  of  ionizing  irradiation  on.  C  388.  p.  84 

hybridization,  C  388,  p.  82 

selective  breeding,  C  388,  p.  80 

species  mating  system,  C  388,  p.  78 
impressions  of  genetics  and  fisheries  of  Japan 

applied  and  basic  genetic  research,  C  388.  p.  125 

expansion  of  intensive  aquaculture.  C  388.  p.  124 

genetics  in  Japanese  fisheries.  C  388,  p.  123 

Japan's  National  Genetics  Institute,  C  388,  p.  126 

Japanese  geneticists,  C  388,  p.  126 

laboratory  visits.  C  388.  p.  128 

oysters,  specific  use  of  hybrids  and  hybrid  vigor.  C  388.  p.  127 

pollution  and  intensive  aquaculture.  C  .388,  p.  125 

storage  of  stocks  and  collections  for  breeding  purposes,  C  388, 
p.  126 
larval  culture  of  penaeid  shrimp  in  Texas 

progress  between  1966  1969,  C  388,  p.  33 

recent  experimentation,  C  388,  p.  34 

typical  results.  C  388.  p.  34 


mariculture  of  seaweeds  in  Japan 

Gelidium,  C  388.  p.  14 

Laminaria,  C  388,  p.  14 

nori  (porphyra).  C  388,  p.  7 

problems.  C  388.  p.  15 

wakame  iundaria),  C  388.  p.  12 
marine  fish  culture  in  Japan 

black  porgy,  C  388.  p.  117 

puffer,  C  388,  p.  116 

red  porgy.  C  388.  p.  117 

salmon.  C  388.  p.  119 

trout,  C  388,  p.  118 

yellowtaU,  C  388,  p.  115 
molluscs,  U.S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 

bay  scallop,  C  388,  p.  63 

Eastern  oyster,  C  388,  p.  57 

future  culture.  C  388.  p.  63 

hard  clam.  C  388,  p.  62 
National  Sea  Grant  Program 

crustaceans,  C  388,  p.  41 

finfish,  C  388,  p.  47 

marine  pathology,  C  388.  p.  50 

molluscs.  C  388.  p.  44 

new  aquaculture  sites.  C  388.  p.  51 

seaweeds.  C  388.  p.  49 
problems  in  freshwater  fish  culture  in  Japan 

ayu.  C  388.  p.  21 

carp.  C  388.  p.  20 

eel.  C  388.  p.  20 

present  status  of  production.  C  388.  p.  17 

production  of  trout  fingerlings  for  stocking  in  natural  waters. 
C  388.  p.  21 

rainbow  trout.  C  388.  p.  21 

transplantation  of  foreign  species,  C  388,  p.  21 
seaweed  culture  in  Japan 

analysis  of.  C  388.  p.  101 

Gelidium,  C  388.  p.  100 

LamiTMria  (kombu).  C  388.  p.  99 

Porphyra  (nori),  C  388.  p.  97 

Undaria  (wakame),  C  388,  p.  99 
shellfish  culture  in  Japan 

abalone,  C  388.  p.  108 

oyster.  C  388.  p.  107 

scallop.  C  ;J88.  p.  109 
shellfish  culture  on  U.S.  Pacific  coast 

analysis  of  trends  in  oyster  production.  C  388.  p.  90 

clams,  C  388,  p.  90 

coastal  zoning,  C  388,  p.  95 

new  developments  in  clam  production,  C  388,  p.  94 

new  developments  in  oyster  production,  C  388,  p.  92 

oysters.  C  388.  p.  89 
status  of  marine  cultivation  and  propagation  in  Hokkaido 

abalone.  C  388.  p.  5 

brown  algae.  C  388.  p.  6 

general  features  of  the  waters  around  Hokkaido.  C  388.  p.  3 

Japanese  surf  clam.  C  388.  p.  5 

kelp.  C  388.  p.  5 

problems  of  research  activities.  C  388.  p.  6 

red  algae.  C  388.  p.  6 

scallop.  C  388.  p.  5 

sea  urchin.  C  388.  p.  5 
status  of  shellfish  culture  in  Japan 

abalone,  C  388.  p.  24 

oysters,  C  388,  p.  23 

pearl  industry.  C  388.  p.  25 

scallops.  C  388.  p.  24 

Arthur  H.  —see  Vessels 

Artificial  reefs— see  Reefs 

Atlantic  coast.  U.S. 
aquaculture  of  molluscs,  C  388,  p.  57 


16 


Atlantic  Ocean 
comparative  development  with  Mediterranean  billfish.  S  675.  p.  79 
life  history  of  blue  marlin,  S  675,  p.  80 
results  of  sailfish  tagging,  S  675,  p.  194 

Atlantic  Ocean,  eastern 
some  morphometries  of  billfishes,  S  675,  p.  107 

Atlantic  Ocean,  northwest 
biology  of  swordfish.  S  675,  p.  103 
distribution  of  larval  swordfish,  S  675,  p.  252 
food  and  feeding  habits  of  swordfish,  S  675,  p.  138 
white  and  blue  marlin  migrations 

tagging  results  since  May  1970,  S  675,  p.  211 

Atlantic  Ocean,  western 
analysis  of  length  and  weight  data  on  three  species  of  billfish,  S  675, 

p.  121 
mercury  in  swordfish  and  other  pelagic  species.  S  675.  p.  156 

Atlas 
EASTROPAC.  third  and  fourth  monitor  cruises 

biological  and  nutrient  chemistry  data.  C  330.  v.  8 

Auke  Creek,  Alaska.  TM  ABFL-3 

Australia 
billfish 

scientific  investigation:  present  and  future.  S  675.  p.  102 

Ayu 

technical  problems  of  culture  in  Japan,  C  388.  p.  21 

Baja  California 

fishery  oceanography  studies  of  striped  marlin 

fishing  conditions  in  relation  to  thermocline.  S  675.  p.  302 

Baron— see  Vessels 

Bass,  rock 

lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  l%2-66,  S  674 

Bass,  smallmouth 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Bass,  white 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66,  S  674 

Bering  Sea,  southeastern 

observations  of  growth   of  king   crab   from   a   tag-recovery   study, 

1955-65,  D  86 
pelagic  amphipod  crustaceans  from,  1971,  S  680 

Billfish 
analysis  of  length  and  weight  data  on  three  species  of,  from  western 

Atlantic  Ocean,  S  675.  p.  121 
analysis  of  sportfishery  for.  in  northeastern  Gulf  of  Mexico 

bait  preference,  S  675,  p.  286 

catch,  raise,  and  effort  statistics.  S  675.  p.  273 

effect  of  boat  size  and  type  of  screw.  S  675.  p.  286 

effect  of  moon  phase.  S  675,  p.  286 

effect  of  surface  condition,  S  675.  p.  281 

effect  of  water  color.  S  675.  p.  281 

relative  abundance  by  ten  minute  squares,  S  675.  p.  277 

relative  abundance  by  time.  S  675.  p.  274 

size  and  sex  ratio.  S  675.  p.  274 

source  and  treatment  of  data.  S  675.  p.  270 
angler  catch  rates  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  S  675.  p.  290 
aspects  of  systematics  and  distribution 

classification  problems  with  some  species.  S  675.  p.  48 

distribution.  S  675.  p.  49 

Istiophorus  albicans,  S  675,  p.  50 


Istiopkorus  pUitypterus.  S  675,  p.  50 

Makaira  indica,  S  675,  p.  52 

Makaira  mazara,  S  675,  p.  52 

Makaira  nigricans,  S  675,  p.  52 

Tetrapturus  albidus,  S  675,  p.  51 

Tetrapturus  angustirostris,  S  675,  p.  50 

Tetrapturus  audax,  S  675,  p.  52 

Tetrapturus  belone,  S  675,  p.  50 

Tetrapturus  pfluegeri,  S  675,  p.  50 

Xiphiws  gladius,  S  675.  p.  49 
biological  observations  of.  taken  in  eastern  Pacific  Ocean 

food  habits,  S  675.  p.  98 

parasites,  S  675.  p.  97 

reproduction,  S  675.  p.  90 

seasonality,  S  675,  p.  90 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  hidden  barrier  to 

billfishes  from  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S  675,  p.  177 

billfishes  not  recorded  from  the  area.  S  675.  p.  178 

hydrography  of  the  area.  S  675.  p.  181 

ocean  conditions  during  survey  period.  S  675.  p.  182 

records  of.  based  on  Japanese  catches.  S  675,  p.  178 

summary  of  potential  movement.  S  675.  p.  186 
diagnostic  character  for  identification  of  larvae 

description  of  pterotic  and  preopercular  spines  by  species,  S  675, 
p.  74 

general  description  of  pterotic  and  preopercular  spines,  S  675, 
p.  73 

larvae  of  Atlantic  billfishes,  S  675.  p.  76 

pigmentation  variations  of  lower  jaw  of  sailfish.  S  675.  p.  76 

use  of  spines  as  diagnostic  characters.  S  675,  p.  75 
evaluation  of  identification  methods  for  young 

evaluation.  S  675.  p.  66 

historical  summary  of  description.  S  675,  p.  63 

identification  methods.  S  675,  p.  64 

identification  status  of  adults.  S  675.  p.  62 
landings  in  the  Hawaiian  longline  fishery 

blue  marlin.  S  675.  p.  298 

catch  per  unit  of  effort.  S  675.  p.  299 

size  of  fish.  S  675.  p.  299 

striped  marlin.  S  675.  p.  298 
length  weight  relationships  for.  in  central  Pacific  Ocean 

analysis.  S  675.  p.  127 

coefficients  of  allometry.  S  675.  p.  134 

collection  of  data.  S  675.  p.  126 

growth  stanzas.  S  675.  p.  129 

log  linear  model.  S  675.  p.  131 

nonlinear  model,  S  675,  p.  133 
mercury  in  several  species  taken  off  Hawaii  and  southern  California, 

S  675.  p.  160 
migration  patterns  in  Pacific  Ocean  determined  by  tagging  programs 

migration  rales  and  times.  S  675.  p.  234 

migratory  patterns.  S  675.  p.  230 

tag  performance.  S  675.  p.  229 

tag  recoveries.  S  675.  p.  228 
morphometries  of.  from  eastern  Pacific  ocean 

blue  marlin.  S  675,  p.  Ill 

definitions  of  counts  and  measurements.  S  675.  p.  109 

meristic  characters.  S  675,  p.  110 

morphometric  characters.  S  675,  p.  110 

sailfish,  S  675,  p.  113 

source  of  data,  S  675,  p.  107 

striped  marlin.  S  675.  p.  117 
occurrence  of  young  in  central  pacific  Ocean 

collection  of  samples  and  catches,  S  675,  p.  239 

distribution  of  istiophorid  larvae,  S  675,  p.  241 

distribution  of  xiphlid  larvae,  S  675,  p.  243 

identification  of  larvae,  S  675.  p.  238 
paleontology  of 

areas  of  research.  S  675,  p.  41 

osteological  information,  S  675.  p.  34 

review  of  fossil  record.  S  675.  p.  35 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean 

black  marlin.  S  675.  p.  318 


17 


blue  marlin.  S  675,  p.  315 

data  sources  and  processing.  S  675.  p.  311 

geographical  distribution,  S  675,  p.  315 

overall  trends  in  catch  and  effort.  S  675.  p.  312 

sailfish  and  shortbill  spearfish.  S  675.  p.  318 

spatio-temporal  distribution  of  species  complexes.  S  675.  p.  322 

striped  marlin.  S  675,  p.  315 

swordfish.  S  675.  p.  321 

trends  in  relative  apparent  abundance.  S  675,  p.  325 
review  of  world  commercial  fisheries  for 

development  of  longhne  fishery,  S  675,  p.  3 

distribution  of  fishing  effort  and  catch  by  Japanese  longline 
fishery,  S  675.  p.  5 

future  problems  in  billfish  research,  S  675,  p.  10 

harpoon  fishery,  S  675,  p.  5 

recent  status  of  billfish  production,  S  675,  p.  7 

value  and  utilization  in  Japan.  S  675,  p.  1 
review  of  world  sport  fishery  for 

important  geographic  regions  for  sport  fishing,  S  675,  p.  16 

mechanics  of  the  sport  fishery,  S  675,  p.  22 

size  of  catch.  S  675.  p.  24 

special  problems  of  sport  fishery.  S  675.  p.  25 

species  and  their  distribution.  S  675,  p.  15 

species  caught  by  anglers,  S  675,  p.  14 

time  of  angling,  S  675.  p.  25 
Taiwan 

landings.  1962  to  1971.  S  675.  p.  332 

Biological  data 
EASTROPAC  atlas 

from  principal  participating  ships  and  Oceanographer,  third  and 
fourth  monitor  cruises.  Oct.  1967-Jan.  1968.  C  330.  v.  8 


Catostomus  commersoni — see  Sucker,  white 

Christel—see  Vessels 

Chukchi  Sea.  eastern 
kinds  and  abundance  of  zooplankton,  1970,  S  679 

Clam,  hard 
aquaculture  along  U.S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  C  388,  p.  62 

Clam.  Japanese  surf 
.status  of  production  in  Hokkaido.  C  388,  p.  5 

John  N.  Cobb— see  Vessels 

Cod,  Pacific 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63,  D  96 

Columbia  River  estuary 
December  1971  through  December  1972 
salinities,  D  92 
water  temperature,  D  92 
zooplankton,  D  92 

Comando—see  Vessels 

Compostoma  anomalum—see  StoneroUer 

Cooperative  Gulf  of  Mexico  Estuarine  Inventory 
Florida  portion 

data  of  biology  phase,  D  95 


Brevoortia  patronus—see  Menhaden,  Gulf 

Buffalo 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Bullhead,  black 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Bullhead,  yellow 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Burbot 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66.  S  674 

California 
catch  distribution  and  related  sea  surface  temperature  for  striped 
marlin  caught  off  San  Diego,  S  675,  p.  188 

California  Current  region 
phytoplankton  pigment  and  production  measurements.  1969-72.  D  91 

Canada,  east  coast 
swordfish 

harpoon  fishery  replaced  by  longline  fishery,  S  675,  p.  296 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

a  hidden  barrier  to  billfishes.  S  675.  p.  177 

Carassius  auratvs—see  Goldfish 


Carp 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 
technical  problems  of  culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  20 


Coregonus  artedii—see  Herring,  lake 

Coregonus  clupeaformis—see  Whitefish,  lake 

Crab 
culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  112 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63 

king  crab,  D  96 

Tanner  crab,  D  96 

Crab,  king 
observations  on  growth  in  southeastern  Bering  Sea  from  a  tag- 
recovery  study.  1955-65.  D  86 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  96 

Crab,  Tanner 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63.  D  96 

Crappie.  white 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Crassostrea  virginica—see  Oyster,  American;  Oyster,  Eastern 

Crustacea:  Decapoda 

Northeastern  United  States 

annotated  systematic  list,  C  389 
index  to  scientific  names,  C  389 
key  to  marine  decapod  crustaceans,  C  389 

Crustacea:  Stomatopoda 
Northeastern  United  States 
annotated  list,  C  387 
index  to  scientific  names,  C  387 
key,  C  387 


Carpiodes  cyprinus—see  Quillback 

Catfish,  channel 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 


Crustaceans 

abundance  in  natural  and  altered  estuarine  areas.  S  677 
pelagic  amphipods  from  southeastern  Bering  Sea 
Cyphocaris  anonyx,  S  680 


18 


Cyphocaris  challengeri,  S  680 
Hyperia  medusarum,  S  680 
Hyperoche  medusarum,  S  680 
LanceoUi  sayana,  S  680 
Paraphronima  crassipes,  S  680 
Parathemisto  Ubellula,  S  680 
Parathemisto  pacifica,  S  680 
Phronima  sedentaria,  S  680 
Primno  macropa,  S  680 
Scina  boreatis,  S  680 
Scina  raltrayi,  S  680 
Sci7ia  stehbingi,  S  680 
VibUia  sp..  S  680 

Cunner 
physiological  response  to  cadmium 

antibody  response  to  SRBC  injections,  S  681.  p.  16 

assay  procedures  for  biochemical  observation,  S  681,  p.  22 

blood  histopathology.  S  681,  p.  28 

changes  in  osmoregulation  and  oxygen  consumption.  S  681,  p.  11 

chemical  analyses  of  tissues,  S  681.  p.  6 

clearance  by  organs  and  tissues.  S  681,  p.  7 

collection  and  conditioning.  S  681,  p.  2 

effects  of  cadmium  on  bacterial  clearance,  S  681.  p.  17 

effects  on  the  immune  system.  S  681.  p.  15 

electrophoretic  procedures  for  biochemical  observation.  S  681. 

p.  23 
epidermis  histopathology.  S  681.  p.  28 
exposure.  S  681.  p.  2 
fish  holding.  S  681.  p.  5 

fish  holding  and  cadmium  exposure.  S  681.  p.  15 
gill  histopathology.  S  681.  p.  28 
growth  and  injection  of  bacteria.  S  681.  p.  16 
hemagglutination  assay.  S  681,  p.  16 
histopathology,  S  681,  p.  27 

immunization  and  collection  of  antisera,  S  681,  p.  15 
intestine  histopathology.  S  681.  p.  27 
kidney  histopathology.  S  681.  p.  27 
measurement  of  bacterial  clearance.  S  681.  p.  16 
observations  on  biochemistry.  S  681.  p.  21 
sampling  procedures  for  organs  and  tissues.  S  681.  p.  6 
treatment  of  tissue  for  biochemical  observation,  S  681.  p.  22 
uptake  by  organs  and  tissues.  S  681.  p.  6 

Cyphocaris  anonyx 
southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971,  S  680 

Cyphocaris  challengeri 

southeastern  Bering  Sea,  1971,  S  680 

Cyprinus  carpio—see  Carp 

Charles  H.  Datns—see  Vessels 

Dawson— see  Vessels 

Defiance— sec  Vessels 

Dogfish,  spiny 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961  63,  D  % 

Dorosoma  cepedianum—see  Shad,  gizzard 

Drum,  freshwater 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66,  S  674 

EASTROPAC 
atlas  from  principal  participating  ships,  Oct.  1967Jan.  1968 
biological  and  nutrient  chemistry  data,  C  330,  v.  8 

Eel 

technical  problems  of  culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  20 


Elasmobranchs 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961  63 
skates.  D  96 
spiny  dogfish.  D  96 

Esmeralda— see  Vessels 

Finfish  and  shellfish  products 
price  spreads  and  cost  analyses  at  different  marketing  levels 
adjustment  of  price  data.  S  676 
allocation  of  costs.  S  676 
behavior  of  retail  food  market.  S  676 
classification  of  costs.  S  676 
comparison  of  price  changes  at  retail  level  with  those  at  other 

levels.  S  676 
comparison  with  farmer's  share.  S  676 
division  of  consumer's  dollar  spent  on  fish  products.  S  676 
ex  vessel  prices.  S  676 
meaning  of  price  spread.  S  676 
processor's  margin  and  markup.  S  676 
retail  margin  and  markup.  S  676 
source  of  data.  S  676 

variation  among  finfish  product  groups,  S  676 
variation  among  shellfish  products,  S  676 
variation  over  time,  S  676 
wholesale  margin  and  markup,  S  676 

Fish  culture 
freshwater,  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  17.  103 
freshwater,  in  United  States.  C  388.  p.  67 

Fish  farming 
Japan.  C  388.  p.  27 

Fish  larvae 
billfish 

diagnostic  character  for  identification.  S  675.  p.  76 

Fish  plants 
sanitation  recommendations 

bacteriological  testing  procedures.  FF  8 
employee  facilities.  FF  8 
location.  FF  8 

plant  and  personnel  sanitation.  FF  8 
processing  facilities.  FF  8 
processing  raw  material.  FF  8 
receiving  raw  materials.  FF  8 
surroundings.  FF  8 

Fishery  publications 
calendar  year  1973.  C  390 

Florida 
benthic  macroinvertebrates  and  sediments  from  upland  canals  in 

Tampa  Bay.  D  94 
east  coast 

biology  of  Atlantic  sailfish.  S  675.  p.  84 
Tampa  Bay.  D  87.  D  90.  D  94 

Flounder,  arrowtooth 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961  63.  D  96 

Flounder,  starry 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961  63.  D  % 

Flounders 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961  63 
Alaska  plaice.  D  96 
arrowtooth  flounder.  D  96 
butter  sole,  D  96 
Dover  sole,  D  96 
English  sole,  D  96 


19 


nathead  sole.  D  96 
Pacific  halibut,  D  96 
rex  sole.  D  96 
rock  sole.  D  96 
sand  sole.  D  96 
starry  flounder.  D  96 
yellowfin  sole,  D  96 

Formosa — see  Taiwan 

Galveston.  Texas 
larval  culture  of  penaeid  shrimp.  C  388.  p.  33 

Galveston  Bay.  Texas 
brown  shrimp 

catch  per  unit  effort  and  mean  total  length  of.  taken  by  trawl  in. 
D93 

Gar.  longnose 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66,  S  674 

Genetics 
impressions  regarding,  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  123 
of  American  oyster,  C  388,  p.  75 

Charles  H.  Gilbert— see  Vessels 

Gtocier— see  Vessels 

Goa— see  Vessels 

Goldfish 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66,  S  674 

Grenadiers 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63,  D  96 

Gulf  of  Alaska 
crab  resources,  in.  1961-63 
king,  D  96 
Tanner,  D  96 
groundfish  resources  in,  1961-63 
Alaska  plaice.  D  96 
arrowtooth  flounder.  D  96 
butter  sole.  D  96 
Dover  sole.  D  96 
English  sole.  D  96 
flathead  sole.  D  96 
grenadiers.  D  96 
Pacific  cod.  D  96 
Pacific  halibut.  D  96 
Pacific  ocean  perch.  D  96 
rex  sole,  D  96 
rock  sole.  D  96 
sablefish.  D  96 
sand  sole.  D  96 
sculpins.  D  96 
skates.  D  96 
spiny  dogfish,  D  96 
starry  flounder.  D  96 
thornyheads.  D  96 
walleye  pollock.  D  96 
yellowfin  sole.  D  96 
pandalid  shrimp  resource 

trawl    catches    and    oceanographic    data    from    oceanographic 
surveys.  1970-72,  D  88 

Gulf  of  Mexico 
aquaculture  of  molluscs.  C  388.  p.  57 
Cooperative  Inventory.  Florida  portion 
data  of  biology  phase.  D  95 


shrimp,  penaeid 

sample  catches  taken  by  trawling,  1961-65,  D  83 

Gulf  of  Mexico,  northeast 
billfish 

analysis  of  sportfishery.  1971.  S  675.  p.  269 

Gulf  of  Mexico,  northern 
compendium  of  juvenile  menhaden  surveys  in  coastal  streams  of.  D  89 

Halibut.  Pacific 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  96 

Haliotis  discus—see  Abalone 

Hawaii 
billfish 

landings  in  the  longline  fishery.  S  675.  p.  297 

mercury  in  several  species,  S  675,  p.  163 
maturation  and  fecundity  of  swordfish,  S  675,  p.  142 
occurrence,  morphology,  and  parasitism  of  gastric  ulcers 

black  marUn,  S  675.  p.  149 

blue  marlin.  S  675.  p.  149 

Heat  exchange 
between  ocean  and  atmosphere  in  the  eastern  North  Pacific.  1961-71, 
S682 

Herring,  lake 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66.  S  674 

Hokkaido.  Japan 
status  of  marine  cultivation  and  propagation,  C  388.  p.  3 

Huayaipe—see  Vessels 

Hydrographic  data 
from  a  marsh  and  marsh  altered  by  dredging,  bulkheading,  and  filling 
in  West  Bay.  Texas.  D  97 

Hydrographic  observations 
Tampa  Bay.  Florida 

air  temperature.  D  87 

astacin  carotenoids.  D  87 

chlorophyll  a.  D  87 

chlorophyll  b.  D  87 

chlorophyll  c.  D  87 

dissolved  oxygen.  D  87 

nonastacin  carotenoids,  D  87 

primary  productivity.  D  87 

salinity.  D  87 

turbidity.  D  87 

water  temperature.  D  87 
Tampa  Bay  and  adjacent  waters— 1971 

astacin  carotenoids,  D  84 

chlorophyll  a.  D  84 

chlorophyll  5.  D  84 

chlorophyll  c.  D  84 

dissolved  oxygen.  D  84 

nonastacin  carotenoids,  D  84 

pH,  D  84 

primary  productivity,  D  84 

salinity,  D  84 

total  Kjeldahl  nitrogen,  D  84 

total  phosphorus.  D  84 

turbidity,  D  84 

water  temperature.  D  84 

water  transparency,  D  84 
Tampa  Bay  and  adjacent  waters— 1972 

astacin  carotenoids,  D  90 

chlorophyll  a,  D  90 

chlorophyll  b.  D  90 


20 


chlorophyll  c.  D  90 

dissolved  oxygen.  D  90 

nonaslacin  carotenoids.  D  90 

pH.  D  90 

primary  productivity.  D  90 

salinity.  D  90 

total  Kjeldahl  nitrogen.  D  90 

total  phosphorus.  D  90 

transparency.  D  90 

turbidity.  D  90 

water  temperature.  D  90 

Hyperia  medusarum 

southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 

Hyperoche  medusarum 

southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 

Ictalurus  melas—see  Bullhead,  black 

Ictalurus  natalis—see  Bullhead,  yellow 

Ictalurus  punctatus—see  Catfish,  channel 

Ictiobus  sp. — see  Buffalo 

Istiophorus  albicans 

distribution.  S  675.  p.  50 

Istiophorus  platypterus—see  Sailfish 


carp,  S  674 

channel  catfish.  S  674 

discussion  by  basin.  S  674 

emerald  shiner.  S  674 

fishing  effort.  S  674 

freshwater  drum.  S  674 

gizzard  shad.  S  674 

goldfish.  S  674 

lake  herring.  S  674 

lake  whitefish.  S  674 

logperch,  S  674 

longnose  gar.  S  674 

pumpkinseed.  S  674 

quillback.  S  674 

rainbow  smelt.  S  674 

rock  bass.  S  674 

sauger.  S  674 

sea  lamprey.  S  674 

smallmouth  bass.  S  674 

species  composition,  S  674 

spottail  shiner.  S  674 

stonecat.  S  674 

stoneroller.  S  674 

trout-perch.  S  674 

vessel,  gear,  and  methods.  S  674 

walleye.  S  674 

white  bass.  S  674 

white  crappie.  S  674 

white  sucker.  S  674 

yellow  bullhead,  S  674 

yellow  perch.  S  674 


Jamaica 
life  history  of  Atlantic  blue  marlin.  S  675.  p.  80 

Japan 
biUfish 

distribution  of  fishing  effort  and  catch  by  longline  fishery,  S  675, 
p.  5 
fish  farming  and  the  constraints  in.  C  388.  p.  27 
Hokkaido.  C  388,  p.  3 

mariculture  of  seaweeds  and  its  problems,  C  388,  p.  7 
some  technical  problems  in  freshwater  fish  culture.  C  388.  p.  17 
status  of  shellfish  culture.  C  388.  p.  23 

Joint  Investigation  of  Southeastern  Tropical  Atlantic 
oceanic  conditions  during 
data  processing.  D  82 
dissolved  oxygen  content.  D  82 
inorganic  phosphate  content,  D  82 
intercahbration,  D  82 
navigation.  D  82 
nekton.  D  82 

primary  productivity.  D  82 
salinity.  D  82 

station  patterns  and  cruise  schedules,  D  82 
tunas,  D  82 

water  temperature,  D  82 
zooplankton,  D  82 

KoAo— see  Vessels 

George  B.  Kelez—see  Vessels 


Kelp 


status  of  production  in  Hokkaido.  C  388,  p.  5 

Lake  Erie 

bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66 
alewife.  S  674 
black  bullhead.  S  674 
buffalo.  S  674 
burbot.  S  674 


Lamivaria  spp.— see  Kelp 

Lamprey,  sea 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Lanceola  sayana 

southeastern  Bering  Sea,  1971,  S  680 

Larvae,  fish— see  Fish  larvae 

Lepisosteus  osseus — see  Gar.  longnose 

Lepomis  gibbosus—aee  Pumpkinseed 

Lobster,  spiny 

culture  in  Japan,  C  388.  p.  112 

Logperch 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962  66.  S  674 

Lota  lota— see  Burbot 

MacTobrachium  sp.— see  Shrimp,  freshwater 

Macroinvertebrates 

abundance  of  benthic  in  estuarine  areas 

comparisons  between  canal,  marsh,  and  bay,  S  677 

environmental  data,  S  677 

relative  abundance,  S  677 

station  description,  S  677 

study  area,  S  677 
benthic 

from  upland  canals  in  Tampa  Bay.  Florida.  D  94 

Mactra  sachaiiensis—see  Clam.  Japanese  surf 

Makaira  iridica—see  Marlin.  black 

Makaira  mazara 

distribution,  S  675,  p.  52 


21 


Makaira  nigricans— see  Marlin,  blue 

Marlin,  black 
central  Pacific  Ocean 

length  weight  relationship,  S  675,  p.  126 
distribution,  S  675.  p.  52 
occurrence,  morphology,  and  parasitism  of  gastric  ulcers  in,  from 

Hawaii,  S  675,  p.  149 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  S  675, 
p.  318 

Marlin,  blue 
Atlantic 

lifehistory  with  special  reference  to  Jamaican  waters,  S  675,  p.  80 
central  Pacific  Ocean 

distribution  of  larvae,  S  675.  p.  241 

length  weight  relationship,  S  675,  p.  126 
distribution,  S  675,  p.  52 

landings  in  the  Hawaiian  longline  fishery,  S  675,  p.  298 
mercury  in.  taken  off  Hawaii.  S  675.  p.  162 
migrations  of.  in  western  north  Atlantic  Ocean.  S  675.  p.  211 
morphometries  of.  from  eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  S  675,  p.  HI 
notes  on  tracking 

capture  and  tagging,  S  675,  p.  265 

path,  S  675,  p.  267 

procedures,  S  675,  p.  266 

swimming  depths,  S  675,  p.  268 

swimming  speeds,  S  675,  p.  268 

transmitter  and  receiving  equipment,  S  675,  p.  265 
occurrence,  morphology,  and  parasitism  of  gastric  ulcers  in,  from 

Hawaii,  S  675,  p.  149 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  S  675, 

p.  315 
western  Atlantic  Ocean 

analysis  of  length  and  weight  data,  S  675,  p.  121 

Marlin,  striped 
analysis  and  results  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific 

Ocean,  S  675,  p.  315 
catch  distribution  and  related  sea  surface  temperature  off  San  Diego, 
California 

catch  and  temperature  relationship,  S  675,  p.  190 
catch  distribution,  S  675,  p.  189 

observations  of  temperature  isotherms  off  San  Diego  and  Baja 
California,  S  675,  p.  191 
central  Pacific  Ocean 

length-weight  relationship,  S  675,  p.  126 
distribution.  S  675.  p.  .52 

fishing   conditions   in   relation   to   thermocline    in    waters   off   Baja 
California 

seasonal  shifts  in  fishing  grounds.  S  675.  p.  304 
seasonal  variations  in  catch  rates.  S  675.  p.  303 
landings  in  the  Hawaiian  longline  fishery.  S  675.  p.  298 
mercury  in.  taken  off  Hawaii  and  southern  California,  S  675.  p.  161 
morphometries  of.  from  eastern  Pacific  Ocean.  S  675.  p.  117 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean.  S  675. 
p.  315 

Marlin,  white 
distribution,  S  675,  p.  51 

migrations  of,  in  western  north  Atlantic  Ocean,  S  675,  p.  211 
summer  concentration  west  of  Strait  of  Gibraltar 

food,  S  675,  p.  166 

population  structure,  S  675,  p.  166 

sex,  S  675,  p.  165 

status  of,  in  eastern  Atlantic,  S  675,  p.  165 

weight,  S  675,  p.  166 
western  Atlantic  Ocean 

analysis  of  length  and  weight  data,  S  675,  p.  121 

Mediterranean  Sea 
billfish 

comparative  development  with  Atlantic  billfish,  S  675,  p.  79 


Menhaden,  Gulf 

northern  Gulf  of  Mexico 

compendium  of  juvenile  surveys  in  coastal  streams  of,  D  89 

Mercenaria  mercenaria—see  Clam,  hard 

Meteorological  observations 
Tampa  Bay  and  adjacent  waters — 1971 
air  temperature,  D  84 
barometric  pressure,  D  84 
rainfall,  D  84 
solar  radiation.  D  84 
tidal  height.  D  84 
water  temperature.  D  84 
wind  direction.  D  84 
wind  velocity.  D  84 

Micropterus  dolomieui—see  Bass,  smallmouth 

Molluscs 
aquaculture  along  U.S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  C  388,  p.  57 

Morning  Star— see  Vessels 

National  Sea  Grant  Program 
aquaculture  studies,  C  388,  p.  41 

Nemerteans 
abundance  in  natural  and  altered  estuarine  areas.  S  677 

Nereus—see  Vessels 

New  Zealand 
billfish 

scientific  investigation:  present  and  future,  S  675,  p.  102 

Notropis  atherinoides—see  Shinner,  emerald 

Notropis  hudsonius—see  Shiner,  spottail 

Noturus  flavus—see  Stonecat 

Nutrient  chemistry  data 
EASTROPAC  atlas 

from  principal  participating  ships  and  Oceanographer,  third  and 
fourth  monitor  cruises.  Oct.  1967Jan.  1968,  C  330,  v.  8 

Oceanographer— see  Vessels 

Oncorhynchus  gorbuscha — see  Salmon,  pink 

Oncorhynchus  nerka—see  Salmon,  sockeye 

Oregon— see  Vessels 

Osmerus  mordajc—see  Smelt,  rainbow 

Oyster 
status  of  culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  23 

Oyster.  American 
genetics  of.  C  388.  p.  75 

Oyster,  Eastern 
aquaculture  along  U.S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  C  388.  p.  57 

Piicifir  Ocean 
billfish 

angler  catch  rates.  S  675.  p.  290 
migration  patterns  of  Istiophoridae  as  determined  by  cooperative 

tagging  programs.  S  675.  p.  226 
notes  on  the  tracking  of  blue  marlin.  S  675.  p.  265 


22 


Pacific  Ocean,  central 

length  weight  relationships  for  six  species  of  billfish.  S  675,  p.  126 
occurrence  of  young  billfish,  S  675,  p.  238 

Pacific  Ocean,  eastern 
some  biological  observations  of  billfish  taken,  1967-70.  S  675.  p.  89 

Pacific  Ocean,  eastern  north 

heat  exchange  between  ocean  and  atmosphere,  1969-71,  S  682 

PanuHrus  japonicus — see  Lobster,  spiny 

Paralithodes  camtschatica—see  Crab,  king 

Paraphrcmima  crassipes 

southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 

Parathemisto  Ubellula 

southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 

Parathemisto  pacifica 

southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 

Patinopecten  yesoenssis—see  Scallop 

I'earl  industry 
Japan 

sUtus  of  shellfish  culture.  C  388.  p.  25 

Pelecypods 
abundance  in  natural  and  altered  estuarine  areas,  S  677 

Penaens  aztecus—see  Shrimp,  brown 

Penaeus  duoTarum—see  Shrimp,  pink 

Penaeus  japonicus 

culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  Ill 

Penaeus  setiferus—see  Shrimp,  white 

Perca  flavescens — see  Perch,  yellow 

Perch.  Pacific  ocean 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63,  D  96 

Perch,  yellow 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66.  S  674 

Perdna  caprodes—see  Logperch 

Percopsis  omiscomaycus—see  Trout  perch 

Petromyzon  mannus— see  Lamprey,  sea 

Phrornima  sedentaria 

southeastern  Bering  Sea,  1971,  S  680 

Phytoplankton 

California  Current  region 

pigment  and  production  measurements,  1969-72,  D  91 

Plaice.  Alaska 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  96 

Pollock,  walleye 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  % 

Polychaetes 
abundance  in  natural  and  altered  estuarine  areas,  S  677 

PumoTis  annularis— see  Crappie,  white 


Porgy,  black 
culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  117 

Porgy,  red 
culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  117 

Porphyra  yezoensis—see  Algae,  red 

Portunus  triberculatus — see  Crab 

Primno  macropa 
southeastern  Bering  Sea,  1971,  S  680 

Puffer 
culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  116 

Pumpkinseed 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962  66,  S  674 

Quillback 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Reefs 
how  to  build  marine  artificial 
artificial  seaweed,  FF  10 
assembly  area,  FF  10 
brick.  FF  10 
cars.  FF  10 
concrete.  FF  10 
financing.  FF  10 
labor.  FF  10 
marking  the  site.  FF  10 
materials.  FF  10 
organization  of  effort.  FF  10 
permits.  FF  10 
prefabricated  shelters.  FF  10 
reef  location.  FF  10 
rock.  FF  10 
shape  and  size.  FF  10 
tile,  FF  10 
tires,  FF  10 
vessels,  FF  10 

Rnccus  chrysops—see  Bass,  white 

Rockau>ay—see  Vessels 

Rockfish 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961  63 
Pacific  ocean  perch,  D  96 
thornyheads,  D  96 

Roundfish 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63 
grenadiers.  D  96 
Pacific  cod.  D  96 
sablefish.  D  96 
sculpins.  D  96 
walleye  pollock.  D  96 

Sablefish 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  96 
trapping  system  for  harvesting 
fishing  gear.  F'F  7 
fishing  method.  FF  7 
incidental  catches.  FF  7 
traditional  fishing  grounds.  FF  7 

Sailfish 
biology  of  Florida  east  coast  Atlantic 
age  and  growth.  S  675.  p.  84 
reproduction,  S  675,  p.  86 


23 


central  Pacific  Ocean 

length  weight  relationship,  S  675,  p.  126 
distribution,  S  675.  p.  50 
eastern  Pacific  Ocean 

morphometries  of,  S  675,  p.  113 
results  of  tagging  in  western  north  Atlantic  Ocean 

comparison  of  tag  types,  S  675,  p.  201 

growth  and  survival,  S  675,  p.  201 

migrations,  S  675,  p.  198 

tag  returns,  S  675,  p.  195 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  S  675, 

p.  318 
western  Atlantic  Ocean 

analysis  of  length  and  weight  data,  S  675,  p.  121 

St.  Michael— see  Vessels 

Salmon 

culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  119 

Salmon,  pink 

fry  production  in  gravel  incubator  hatchery 
building  and  water  system,  TM  ABFL-3 
collecting  and  processing  fry  samples,  TM  ABFL-3 
collection  and  pretreatment  of  eggs,  TM  ABFL-3 
enumeration  of  fry,  TM  ABFL-3 
incubator  design  and  operation,  TM  ABFL-3 
natural  spawning,  TM  ABFL-3 
size  and  stage  of  development,  TM  ABFL-3 
survival.  TM  ABFL-3 
time  of  emergence,  TM  ABFL-3 
water  quality,  TM  ABFL-3 


SciTia  rattrayt 
southeastern  Bering  Sea 
samples,  1971,  S  680 

SctTia  stebbingi 
southeastern  Bering  Sea 
samples.  1971.  8  680 

Sculpins 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63,  D  96 

Sea  Grant — see  National  Sea  Grant  Program 

Sea  urchin 
status  of  production  in  Hokkaido,  C  388,  p.  5 

Seattle—see  Vessels 

Seaview—see  Vessels 

Seaweed 
mariculture  of.  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  7 

Seaweed  culture 
Japan.  C  388.  p.  97 

Shad,  gizzard 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66.  S  674 


Shellfish  culture 
Japan.  C  388.  p. 


107 


Salmon,  sockeye 
distribution,  abundance,  and  growth  of  juvenile  and  associated  species 
in  Alaska 

abundance  in  each  lake  of  the  system,  S  678 

abundance  trends  for  entire  system.  S  678 

causes  of  size  differences.  S  678 

comparative  abundance  among  lakes.  S  678 

diel  timing  of  interlake  migrations,  S  678 

early  rearing  areas  of  fry,  S  678 

fish  measurements,  S  678 

gear  types,  S  678 

growth.  S  678 

interlake  migration  of  presmolts,  S  678 

length  frequency,  S  678 

predation  on  juveniles,  S  678 

sampling  units.  S  678 

size.  S  678 

species  associated  with  juveniles.  S  678 

study  area.  S  678 

San  Diego.  California 
striped  marlin 

catch  distribution  and  related  sea  surface  temperature  for. 
S  675.  p.  190 

Sauger 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Scallop 
status  of  culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  24 
status  of  production  in  Hokkaido,  C  388,  p.  5 

Scallop,  bay 
aquaculture  along  U.S.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  C  388.  p.  63 

Scina  borealis 
southeastern  Bering  Sea 
samples,  1971,  S  680 


Shiner,  emerald 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Shiner,  spottail 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66.  S  674 

Shrimp 
culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  HI 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  penaeid 

sample  catches  taken  by  trawling.  1961-65.  D  83 
pandalid 

trawl  catches  and  oceanographic  data  from  NMFS  surveys 
of  the  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1970-72.  D  88 

Shrimp,  brown 
catch  per  unit  effort  and  mean  total  length  of,  taken  by  trawl  in 

Galveston  Bay  system,  1963  67,  D  93 
larval  culture  in  Texas.  C  388.  p.  33 
release  and  recovery  data  from  studies  in  northern  Gulf  of  Mexico 

factors  affecting  recapture.  D  85 

recapture  area  and  miles  traveled.  D  85 

release  data.  D  85 

release  length.  D  85 

types  of  marks.  D  85 

Shrimp,  freshwater 

culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  112 

Shrimp,  pink 

larval  culture  in  Texas,  C  388,  p.  33 

Shrimp,  white 

larval  culture  in  Texas.  C  388.  p.  33 

release  and  recovery  data  from  studies  in  northern  Gulf  of  Mexico 

factors  affecting  recapture.  D  85 

recapture  area  and  miles  traveled,  D  85 

release  date,  D  85 

release  length.  D  85 

types  of  marks.  D  85 


24 


Skates 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63,  D  % 

Smelt,  pond 
Naknek  River  system,  1961  64 
abundance,  S  678 
length  frequencies,  S  678 

Smelt,  rainbow 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66.  S  674 

Sole,  butter 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961  63.  D  96 

Sole.  Dover 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63,  D  96 

Sole,  English 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63.  D  96 

Sole,  flathead 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961  63,  D  96 

Sole,  rex 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63,  D  96 

Sole,  rock 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63.  D  96 

Sole,  sand 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska,  1961-63,  D  96 

Sole,  yellowfin 
resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961  63.  D  96 

Spearfish.  longbill 
distribution,  S  675.  p.  50 

Spearfish.  roundscale 
validity  and  status  of,  S  675,  p.  54 

Spearfish,  shortbill 
central  Pacific  Ocean 

distribution  of  larvae,  S  675,  p.  242 

length-weight  relationship.  S  675.  p.  126 
distribution.  S  675.  p.  50 
review  of  the  longline  fishery  in  the  eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  S  675, 

p.  318 

Stickleback,  ninespine 
Naknek  River  system,  1961-64 
abundance,  S  678 
length  frequencies,  S  678 

Stickleback,  threespine 
Naknek  River  system,  1961-64 
abundance,  S  678 
length  frequencies,  S  678 

Stizostedion  caTmdeTise—see  Sauger 

Sti2ostedion  vitreum  vitreum—see  Walleye 

Stonecat 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Stoneroller 

Lake  Eric  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962  66,  S  674 

Strait  of  Gibraltar,  west 

summer  concentrations  of  white  marlin.  S  675.  p.  165 


Stongylocentrotus  intermedius—see  Sea  urchin 

Strongylocentrotus  nudus — see  Sea  urchin 

Sucker,  white 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66,  S  674 

Sword  fish 
biology  of,  in  northwest  Atlantic  Ocean 

distribution,  S  675.  p.  103 

size.  S  675.  p.  104 

size/weight  and  growth.  S  675.  p.  104 

spawning.  S  675,  p.  104 

tagging.  S  675.  p.  105 
central  Pacific  Ocean 

length  weight  relationship,  S  675,  p.  126 
distribution  S  675.  p.  49 
distribution  of  larvae  in  Indian  and  Pacific  Oceans 

geographical  distribution.  S  675.  p.  262 

size  of  larvae,  S  675,  p.  261 

vertical  distribution,  S  675,  p.  261 
east  coast  of  Canada 

harpoon  fishery  replaced  by  longline  fishery,  S  675,  p.  296 
eastern  Pacific  Ocean 

review  of  longline  fishery  in,  S  675,  p.  321 
food  and  feedings  habits  of,  in  northwest  Atlantic  Ocean 

fishes,  S  675,  p.  139 

squid,  S  675,  p.  140 

stomach  analyses,  S  675,  p.  139 
maturation  and  fecundity  of.  from  Hawaiian  waters 

developmental  stages  of  ova,  S  675.  p.  144 

fecundity.  S  675.  p.  146 

heterogeneity  of  ova  diameters,  S  675,  p.  144 

occurrence  in  Hawaiian  waters,  S  675,  p.  142 

spawning,  S  675,  p.  145 
mercury  in,  from  western  Atlantic  Ocean 

levels  in  food  items,  S  675,  p.  157 

variation  between  sexes.  S  675,  p.  156 

variation  between  tissues,  S  675,  p.  157 

variation  with  size,  S  675,  p.  155 

variation  with  time  and  area,  S  675,  p.  156 
mercury  in,  taken  off  Hawaii,  S  675,  p.  163 
northwest  Atlantic  Ocean 

distribution  of  larval  in,  S  675,  p.  252 

Taiwan 

billfish  landings,  1962  to  1971,  S  675,  p.  332 

Tampa  Bay.  Florida 
benthic  macroinvertebrates  and  sediments  from  upland  canals,  D  94 
hydrographic  observations— 1971,  D  84 
hydrographic  observations,  1971-73,  D  87 
hydrographic  observations.  1972,  D  90 
meteorological  observations— 1971,  D  84 

TautogolabTus  adspersus — see  Gunner 

Te  Vega—see  Vessels 

Temperature 
Baja  California 

fishing  conditions  in  relation  to  thermocline,  S  675,  p.  302 
eastern  North  Pacific.  1961  71 

heat  exchange  between  ocean  and  atmosphere,  S  682 

Tetrapturus  albidtis—see  Marlin.  white 
Tetrapturus  angustirostjis—see  Spearfish.  shortbill 
Tetrapturus  audax—see  Marlin,  striped 


25 


TetTxipturus  belone 
distribution.  S  675.  p.  50 

Tetrapiurus  georgei—see  Spearfish.  roundscale 

Tetraptums  pfluegeri—see  Spearfish,  longbill 

Texas 
Galveston 

larval  culture  of  penaeid  shrimp.  C  388.  p.  33 
Galveston  Bay 

catch  per  unit  effort  of  brown  shrimp  taken  by  trawl. 
1963-67.  D  93 
West  Bay 

hydrographic  observations  from  a  natural  marsh  and  a  marsh 
altered  by  dredging,  bulkheading.  and  filling.  D  97 

Thornyheads 

resource  in  Gulf  of  Alaska.  1961-63.  D  96 


Tuxpan,  C  330.  v.  8 
Unanue,  C  330,  v.  8 
Undaunted,  D  82 
Western  Flyer,  D  96 
Yelcho.  C  330.  v.  8 
Yolanda,  C  330.  v.  8 

Vibilia  sp. 
southeastern  Bering  Sea.  1971.  S  680 


Walleye 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66.  S  674 


West  Bay.  Texas 

hydrographic  observations  from  a  natural  marsh  and  a  marsh  altered 
by  dredging,  bulkheading,  and  filling.  D  97 

Western  Flyer— see  Vessels 


Trawl,  shrimp 
design  of.  FF  9 
how  to  make.  FF  9 
materials  used  in  construction.  FF  9 

Trout 

culture  in  Japan,  C  388,  p.  118 

Trout,  lake 
Naknek  River  system,  1961  64 

prey  on  sockeye  salmon,  S  678 

Trout-perch 

Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations,  1962-66.  S  674 

Trout,  rainbow 

technical  problems  of  culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  21 

T^pan— see  Vessels 

Unanue — see  Vessels 

Undaria  pinnatifida—see  Algae,  brown 

UTuUtunted—see  Vessels 

Vessels 

Arthur  //..  D  96 

Baron,  FF  7 

Christel.  S  675,  p.  265 

John  N.  Cobb,  FF  7 

Commando,  FF  7 

Charles  H.  Davis,  C  330,  v.  8 

Datuson,  S  675.  p.  159 

Defiance,  C  330.  v.  8 

Esmeralda,  C  330.  v.  8 

Charles  H.  Gilbert,  S  675.  p.  265 

Glacier,  S  679 

Goa.  D  82 

Huayaipe.  C  330,  v.  8 

Kaho.  S  674 

George  B.  Kelez.  S  680 

Morning  Star,  D  96 

Nereus,  S  679 

Oceanographer,  C  330.  v.  8 

Oregon.  S  675.  p.  269 

Rockaway,  D  82 

St.  Michael,  D  % 

Seattle,  FF  7 

Seaview,  FF  7 

Te  Vega,  C  330.  v.  8 


Whitefish.  humpback 
Naknek  River  system.  1961-64 

prey  on  sockeye  salmon.  S  678 

Whitefish.  lake 
Lake  Erie  bottom  trawl  explorations.  1962-66.  S  674 

Xiphias  gladius—see  Swordfish 
Yelcho—see  Vessels 

Yellowtail 
culture  in  Japan.  C  388.  p.  115 

Yolanda— see  Vessels 

Zooplankton 
kinds  and  abundance  in  eastern  Chukchi  Sea 
abundance  and  distribution.  S  679 

comparison  of  abundance  and  distribution.  1970  and  1947,  S  679 
dissolved  oxygen.  S  679 
salinity.  S  679 
temperature.  S  679 


INDEX  BY 

MARSDEN  SQUARES 

(see  Figure  1) 

009 

C  330.  V.8 

010 

C  330.  v.8 

on 

C  330.  V.  8 

012 

C  330.  v.8 

036 

D82 

046 

C  330.  v.  8 

047 

C  330.  V.  8 

048 

C  330.  V.  8 

081 

C388 

D83 

D84 

D85 

D87 

D89 

D90 

D94 

D95 

082 

C388 

D83 

D85 

D89 

D93 

S677 

083 

C  330,  V.  8 

084 

C  330.  V.  8 

D91 

S682 

085 

D91 

S682 

086 

S682 

087 

S682 

088 

S682 

089 

S682 

090 

S682 

116 

C388 

117 

C388 

D83 

D85 

D89 

118 

C388 

D89 

D97 

120 

C388 

D91 

S682 

121 

C388 

D91 

S682 

122 

S682 

123 

S682 

124 

S682 

125 

S682 

126 

S682 

130 

C388 

131 

C388 

132 

C388 

151 

C388 

152 

C388 
157 

C388 

D92 

S682 
158 

S682 
159 

S682 
160 

S682 
161 

S682 
162 

S682 
166 

C388 
167 

C388 
193 

D88 

S682 
194 

D88 

D96 

S682 

TM  ABFL-3 
195 

D96 

S682 
196 

D86 

D96 

S678 

S682 
197 

D86 

D96 

S680 

S682 
198 

S682 
231 

D96 
233 

S679 
269 

S679 
307 

C  330.  V.  8 
308 

C  330.  V.  8 
309 

C  330.  V.  8 
310 

C  330.  V.  8 
311 

C  330.  V.  8 
334 

D82 
335 

D82 
344 

C  330.  V.  8 
370 

D82 
371 

D82 


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370.  Collecting  and  processing;  data  on  Tish  eg^s  and  larvae  in  the  CaliFornia 
Current  region.  By  David  Kramer,  Mary  J.  Kalin.  Elizabeth  G.  Stevens. 
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371.  Ocean  fishery  management:  Discussions  and  research.  By  Adam  A. 
Sokoloski  leditor).  117  papers.  24  authors.)  April  1973.  vi  +  173  p..  38  figs., 
32  tables,  7  appendix  tables. 

372.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1971:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Thomas 
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374.  Marine  flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Annelida: 
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375.  New  Polychaeta  from  Beaufort,  with  a  key  to  all  species  recorded  from 
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376.  Bottom- water  temperatures  on  the  continental  shelf.  Nova  Scotia  to 
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381.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1967:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Lee  C. 
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383.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1965:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Lee  C. 
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Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washing 
ton,  D.C,  20402. 

384.  Marine  flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Higher  plants 
of  the  marine  fringe.  By  Edwin  T.  Moul.  September  1973.  ill  +  60  p.,  109 
figs.  For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing 
Office.  Washington.  D.C.  20402. 

385.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1972:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Lee  C. 
in  and  Marv  Plipn  Pngett.  November  1973.  iv  +  23  p..  1   fig.  For  sale 

Documents.    U.S.    Government    Printing    Office, 


ooo.       r  isnery  puoiicaiions.  caienaar  year  ivi^:  l.isls  ar 

Thorson  and  Mary  Ellen  Engett.  November  1973.  iv  +  23  p..  1   fig.  For  sale 

by    the    Superintendent    of    '^'- *"     "  ^     ^ 

Washington.  D.C.  20402. 


386.  Marine  Flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Pycnogo- 
nida.  By  Lawrence  R.  McCloskey.  September  1973.  iii  +  12  p.,  I  fig.  For 
sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office. 
Washington.  D.C.  20402. 

387.  Marine  flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Crustacea: 
Stomatopoda.  By  Raymond  B.  Manning.  February  1974,  iii  +  6  p..  10  figs.  For 
sale  bv  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office. 
Washington.  D.C.  20402. 


378.  Marine  flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Protozoa: 
Cillophora.  By  .Arthur  C.  Borror.  September  1973,  iii  +  62  p..  5  figs.  For  sale 
by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington.  D.C.  20402. 

379.  Fisherv  publications,  calendar  vear  1969:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Lee  C. 
Thorson  and  Mary  Ellen  Engett.  April  1973,  iv  +  31  p..  1  fig.  For  sale  by 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  20402. 

380.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1968:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Mary 
Ellen  Engett  and  Lee  C.  Thorson.  May  1973.  iv  -t-  24  p..  1  fig.  For  sale  by 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  20402. 


388.  Proceedings  of  the  first  U.S.  Japan  meeting  on  aquacullure  at  Tokyo. 
Japan.  October  18  19.  1971.  William  N.  Shaw  (editor).  (18  papers.  14  authors.) 
February  1974.  iii  +  133  p.  For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
U.S.  Government  Printing  Office.  Washington,  D.C.  20402. 

389.  Marine  flora  and  fauna  of  the  northeastern  United  States.  Crustacea: 
Decapoda.  By  Austin  B.  Williams.  April  1974,  ill  +  50  p..  Ill  figs.  For  sale 
by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office, 
Wa.shington.  D.C.  20402. 

390.  Fishery  publications,  calendar  year  1973:  Lists  and  indexes.  By  Mary 
Ellen  Engett  and  Lee  C.  Thorson.  September  1974,  Iv  +  14  p..  1  fig.  For 
sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office. 
Washington.  D.C.  20402. 


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