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COMMERCIAL  FISHING 
VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


I  Mafine  Biological  Laboratory 

SEP  2  01957 
WOODS  HOLE,  MASS. 


UNITED  STATES 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 

CIRCULAR  48 


CONTENTS  Page 


Tuna  Clipper     3 

Tuna  Bait  Fishing    4 

Two-Pole  Tuna  Fishing 4 

Halibut  Schooner    5 

Halibut  Long- Line    6 

Steel  Cable  Long-Line     6 

Salmon  Trolling 7 

Snapper  Fishing 8 

Swordfish  Vessel 9 

Swordfish  Harpooning  Gear. 10 

Atlantic  Trawler,    Large    11 

Atlantic  Trawler,    Medium 12 

Atlantic  Otter  Trawl 13 

Atlantic  Dragger,   Small     14 

Pacific  Dragger    15 

Shrimp  Trawler,    Large    16 

Shrimp  Trawler,    Medium     17 

Shrimp  Trawl    17 

Beam  Trawler,   Alaska 18 

Menhaden  Purse  Seiner   19 

Menhaden  Purse  Seining    20 

Salmon  Purse  Seiner     21 

Salmon  Purse  Seining   22 

Drum  Seining    22 

Herring  and  Salmon  Purse  Seiner 23 

Sardine  and  Tuna  Purse  Seiner 24 

Gill  Net,    Great  Lakes     2  5 

Gill  Net  Operation,    Great  Lakes 25 

Gill  Net,    North  Atlantic    26 

Salmon  Gill  Netter 27 

Shark  Gill  Netter 28 

Haul  Seine    29 

Sardine  Weir 29 

Pound  Net,    Atlantic  Coast   30 

Floating  Salmon  Trap    30 

Pound  Net,    Great  Lakes 31 

Fyke  Net    31 

Hoop  Net 32 

Smelt   Fishing 32 

Lobster  Pots     33 

Spiny   Lobster  Trap 33 

Crayfish  Trap 34 

Blue  Crab  Fishing 35 

Dungeness  Crab  Trap    36 

Oyster  Gear       37 

Oyster  Dredge 37  to  38 

Clam   Fishing    39  to  40 

Sea  Scallop  Fishing   41 

Abalone  Fishing    42 

Sponge  Fishing 43 

Net  Knots  and  Needles     44 

Sinkers 44 

Fish  Hooks    45  to  46 

Tuna  Jigs     47 

Fishing  Spoons 47 

Swivels 48 

Floats  and  Buoys    48 

List  of  Fishery  Leaflets 49 


COMMERCIAL  FISHING 
VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


By  GUSTAF  T.   SUNDSTROM,  Illustrator 
BUREAU  OF  COMMERCIAL  FISHERIES 


CIRCULAR  48 


FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE,  Arnie  J.  Suomela,  Commissioner 
UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR,  Fred  A.  Seaton,  Secretary 


UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  •  WASHINGTON  •  1957 

For  sole  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.  S.  Governinent  Printing  Office,  Washington  25,  D.  C.    :   Price  W  cents 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


INTRODUCTION 


The  United  States  with  its  long  coastline  on  two  oceans,   the  great 
inland  lakes,    and  large  rivers,     is    among  the  leading  nations    of  the  world 
concerned  with  commercial  fishing.     The   gear   and  fishing  vessels    are 
naturally  of  a  great  variety,   but  the  hook,   the  net,    and  the  trap  are  still, 
as  they  have  been  for  centuries,   the  main  types  of  gear  used.      Hooks  by 
the  hundreds  are  now  used  on  one  line,    called  the  long-line;   nets    have 
been  developed  into  purse  seines,   beam  and  otter  trawls,    and  mile-long 
gill  nets;  traps  have  been  enlarged  into  the  gigantic  traps  for  salmon  and 
the  extensive  Great  Lakes  trap  nets.      Sail  and  steam  have  given  way  to 
gasoline  and  Diesel  power.     Shipbuilding  techniques  and  fishing  exper- 
iences  are  reflected  in  the  modern  fishing  vessel.       When  the  fishing 
grounds  are  located  far  from  the  home  port,    freezing  facilities     have 
sonrietimes  been  installed  aboard  the  vessel.      Most  of  the  larger  fishing 
vessels  are  now  equipped  with  electronic  navigation  and  fish-finding  de- 
vices.    A  recent  development  in  fishing  gear  is  the  power  block  used  in 
the  salmon  fisheries.     The  midwater  trawl  has  been  successfully  intro- 
duced into  some  European  fisheries  within  the  last  few  years,   but  thi  s 
gear  is  still  in  the  experimental  stage  in  America. 

A  selection  of  some  of  the  most  important  types   of  fishing  gear 
and  vessels  in  use  today,    in  the  United  States  and  Alaska,    is  illustrated 
in  this  leaflet.     Descriptions   of  representative  types   of  fishing  vessels 
are   also  included.     General   range   of   length,    beam,    draft,    net  tonnage, 
construction,    engine,    refrigeration,    speed,    average  crew,    length  of 
trip  and  convertibility,    are  indicated.     The  main  fishing  areas  are  shown 
on  maps,    and  includes  only  United  States  fishing  activities. 

Leaflets  describing  in  detail  some  of  the  fishing  methods  men- 
tioned herein  are  available  on  request.    See  list  inside  back  cover. 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


TUNA    CLIPPER 


TUNA  CUPPER 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Length  in  Feet 6C  to  150 

Beam  in  Feet 20  to  32 

Draft  in  Feet 8.  G  to  15.  4 

Net  Tonnage 60  to  300 

Construction   Steel  or  Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 250  to  1200 

Type  of  Refrigeration Mechanical  or 

Brine  Tanks 

Cruising  Speed 10  to  12  Knots 

Average  Crew 9  to  21 

Length  of  Trip 35  to  85  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear. None 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


TUNA     BAIT    FISHING 

Lampaia   Seine 


TWO-POLE    TUNA   FISHING 


squid" 
feather  jic 

WITH 
BARBLE5S  HOOK 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


HALIBUT    SCHOONER 


^^....>r^ 


HALIBUT  SCHOONER 
Pacific  Coast 

Length  in  Feet 55  to  85 

Beam  in  Feet 1 5  to  23 

Draft  in  Feet 7  to  10 

Net  Tonnage 30  to  55 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Gas  or  Diesel 

Horsepower 125  to  300 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  10   Knots 

Average  Crew. 5  to  10 

Length  of  Trip 20  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Trawl,  and  Troll 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


CANADA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 

HALIBUT   LONG- LINE 


LIGHT 


STEEL  CABLE    LONG- LINE 


BUOY  LINE 
SPOOL 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


SALMON    TROLLING 


LEADER     ARRANGEMENT 
FOR     PLUG. 


SALMON  T ROLLER 

Length  in  Feet 25  to  60 

Beam  in  Feet 8   to  18 

Draft  in  Feet 2.  5  to  7 

Net  Tonnage 5  to  26 

Construction Wood,    some 

Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 25  to  165 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  10  Knots 

Average  Crew. 1  to  3 

Length  of  Trip Up  to  14  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Halibut  Long 

Line, 
Albacore 
Trolling 


MAIN   AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


ALASKA 


CANADA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN  ^ 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


SNAPPER    FISHING 


SOUNDING    LEAD 


SNAPPER  BOAT 

Length  in  Feet 32  to  103 

Beam  in  Feet 1 0  to  30 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  1 1 

Net  Tonnage 5  to  98 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Oil 

Horsepower 30  to  1 10 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  10  Knots 

Average  Crew 2  to  10 

Length  of  Trip 7  to  14  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Tuna  Long  Line 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Miss.  Ala. 


Texas 


MEXICO 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


SWORDF/SH    VESSEL 


SWORDFISH  VESSEL 

Length  in  Feet 32  to  83 

Beam  in  Feet 9  to  2 1 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  10 

Net  Tonnage 5  to  56 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 50  to  150 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice  or  None 

Cruising  Speed 5  to  8  Knots 

Average  Crew 2  to  3 

Length  of  Trip 1    to  16  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Trawl,  Seine,  Lobster 

Pots,  Clam  Dredge 
and  Gill  Netter 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


m  ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


428737     0—57 


10 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


FROM     ABOVE 


SWORDFISH   HARPOONING  GEAR 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


11 


ATLANTIC    TRAWLER 

Laige 


ATLANTIC  TRAWLER,  LARGE 

Length  in  Feet 85.  5  to  140 

Beam  in  Feet 18.  3  to  26 

Draft  in  Feet 10  to  15 

Net  Tonnage 150  or  over 

Construction Wood  or  Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 320  to  735 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 7  to  15  Knots 

Average  Crew. 8  to  17 

Length  of  Trip 5  to  14  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear None 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


CANADA 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


12 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


ATLANTIC    DRA66ER 


Medium 


ATLANTIC  DRAGGER,   MEDIUM 

Length  in  Feet 60  to  100 

Beam  in  Feet 14  to  23 

Draft  in  Feet 6  to  1 3 

Net  Tonnage 51  to  150 

Construction Wood  or  Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 155  to  400 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  13  Knots 

Average  Crew 5  to  15 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  14  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Scallop   Dredge, 

Purse  Seine,    and 
Harpoon 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


^r^cJ 


CANADA 


Maine 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


13 


ATLANTIC   OTTER  TRAWL 


-^- 


14 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


ATLANTIC  DRAGGER 


Small 


ATLANTIC  DRAGGER,   SMALL 

Length  in  Feet 30  to  74 

Beam  in  Feet 9  to  20 

Draft  in  Feet 2^  to  9 

Net  Tonnage 50  or  under 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 50  to  260 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 4.  5  to  11   Knots 

Average  Crew 2  to  9 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  8  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Gill  Net,   Clam 

Dredge,    and 
Purse  Seine 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Maine 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


15 


PACIFIC  DRAGGER 


PACIFIC  DRAGGER 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Length  in  Feet 48  to  100 

Beam  in  Feet 15  to  25 

Draft  in  Feet 5  to  12 

Net  Tonnage 20  to  90 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 50  to  450 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 9  to  12  Knots 

Average  Crew 4  to  7 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  10   Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Purse  Seine, 

TroU,   Tuna  and 
Halibut  Long -Line 


ALASKA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


CANADA 


16 


U.  S.  FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


SHRIMP   TRAWLER 


SHRIMP  TRAWLER 

LARGE  MEDIUM 

Length  in  Feet 50  to  90  28  to  55 

Beam  in  Feet 12  to  24  5  to  18 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  9  1 .  5  to  4 

Net  Tonnage    25   to  38  8  to  24 

Construction Wood,  some  Wood 

Steel 

Engine:    Type    Diesel  or  Gas  Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower.  .  .  30  to  340  25  to  165 

Type  of  Refrigeration..  Mechanical  Ice 

or  Ice 

Cruising  Speed 7  to  15  Knots  5  to  8  Knots 

Average  Crew 2  to  5  2  to  4 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  42  Days  1   to  24  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear.    Hand  Lines  Hand  Lines 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION     n,c. 

S.C./# 


GULF  OF  MEXICO 


«P 


MEXICO 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


17 


SHRIMP   TRAWLER 


Medium 


A 


SHRIMP  TRAWL 


..h. 


SfERN   RIG     FOR    TOWING    THE  TRAWL 


428737  O  -57  -3 


18 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


BEAM    TRAWLER   Shrimp 


Alaska 


BEAM  TRAWLER   (Shrimp),    ALASKA 

Length  in  Feet 45  to  60 

Beam  in  Feet 13  to  40 

Draft  in  Feet 5  to  7 

Net  Tonnage 14  to  30 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 100  to  165 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  9  Knots 

Average  Crew 3  to  4 

Length  of  Trip 1    Day 

Convertibility  to 
Other  Types  of  Gear None 


\     CANADA 
\ 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


19 


MENHADEN    PURSE  SEINER 


MENHADEN  PURSE  SEINER 

Length  in  Feet 82  to  134 

Beam  in  Feet 18.  5  to  27 

Draft  in  Feet 8  to  1 1 .  8 

Net  Tonnage 38  to  230 

Construction Wood,    some 

Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 240  to  1000 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 9  to  16   Knots 

Average  Crew 23  to  34 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  5  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear. None 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


MEXICO 


20 


U.  S.  FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


MENHADEN    PURSE  SEINING 


READY    TO   BRAIL   CATCH 


%'■ 


.-K^ 


•«--*. 


MENHADEN    PURSE  SEINE 


':P 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL   FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


21 


i 


SALMON    PURSE  SEINER 


SALMON   PURSE  SEINER 

Length  in  Feet 35  to  80 

Beam  in  Feet    16.  5  to  22 

Draft  in  Feet 3.  5  to  9 

Net  Tonnage 7  to  40 

Construction    Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 35  to  300 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 8.  5  to  14  Knots 

Average  Crew 4  to  9 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  2  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Long- Line,  Trawl 

and  Troll 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


CANADA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


Wash. 


22 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


SALMON    PURSE  SEINING 


POWER 
BLOCK 


LIFTING    THE    PURSE 


HAULING    THE   SEINE 


DRUM  SEINING 

Noith   Pacific  Coast 


OPERATING    LEVERS 
LEVEL-WIND 
DRUM 


LEVEL-WIND   SPOOLERS 
WHEN    NOT   IN   USE 


lENCTM   Of   PURSE   SEINE       2S0   TO  300    FATHOMS 
.     JT     18   FATHOMS     0£tP     (STBETCHfr- 


BUILT-IN    WELL 


STARTING    A  SET 


l^'l 


FISHERMAN  OPCnATING 

,      'y  ■  /  DRUM   AND  LEVEL-WIND 
>-y    CONTROLS 
/>->  REELING     IW    THE  jjET 


PURSE  RINGS  SLIP 
OFF  THE  PIN  WHEN 
DRUM  1$  RECLINe 
IN     THE    NET- 


PURSING    THE    NET  ''  W' 


PURSE    LINE     IS    TAKEN   IN   BV    THE 
AND     COILED     DOWN    ON     DECK 


A  MECHANICAL  OR  HYDRAULIC  SYSTEM  OPERATE 
THE  DRUM,  DRUM  IS  6-8  FEET  TN  DtAM,  CORE  OF 
DRUM    ABOUT     10    INCHES    IN   OlAM. 


CLOTHESPIN 
HOLDING    THE 
RIN6S   AFTER 

\PURSINC   THE 

\  NET 


■T  PURSE  LINE 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


23 


Herring  and  Salmon 
PURSE   SEINER 


HERRING  AND  SALMON  PURSE  SEINER 

Length  in  Feet 50  to  90 

Beam  in  Feet 14  to  28 

Draft  in  Feet 5  to  12 

Net  Tonnage 20  to  100 

Construction Wood,    some 

Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel 

Horsepower 165  to  500 

Type  of  Refrigeration Mechanical 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  1 5  Knots 

Average  Crew 5  to  12 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  5  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Pilchard  and 

Tuna  Seine 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


24 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


Sardine  and  Tuna 
PURSE   SEINER 


SARDINE  AND  TUNA  PURSE  SEINER 

Length  in  Feet 65  to  100 

Beam  in  Feet 19  to  28 

Draft  in  Feet 10  to  13 

Net  Tonnage 50  to  150 

Construction Wood 

Engine:      Type Diesel 

Horsepower. 165  to  600 

Type  of  Refrigeration Mechanical  or  Ice 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  10  Knots 

Average  Crew 10  to  13 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  30  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Trawl 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


m    Oregon 


PACIFIC  OCEAN     --urn 


MEXICO 


(^ 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


25 


GILL    NET 

Great  Lakes 


GILL   NET  OPERATION 


Great 

Lakes 

-1 

v^ 

NET 

i,  1 1       I  n  ~~ ? 

-    1 

ii 

LIFTER 

_JI 

OUTBOORD            '^1 

■ 

1  r 

s=^^^^ 

swinaine  ARuiStWKk 

^1 

1 

, 

_  ''°'-'-"-*iM(^ 

m 

1 

a. 

^^^ 

III      'li'" " 

mjf*^ 

NET    LIFTER    IN   OPERATION 


NET    BOX 


DRYINO     GILL    NETS 


26 


U.  S.  FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


GILL    NET 


GILL   HETTEH 
HAUUNC  THE  NET 


FISHING     4T 
20-40  FATHOMS 
FDR   COD,  HAOOOCK, 
AND    POLLOCK 


STRING    OF  NETS    I   12  lo   16   SOXES  ) 
2000-2500   FATHOMS     IN    LENGTH 


GILL  NETTER 

Length  in  Feet 34  to  69 

Beam  in  Feet 10  to  16 

Draft  in  Feet 4  to  8 

Net  Tonnage 5  to  36 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel,   Some  Gas 

Horsepower lOO   to  170 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 5  to  10  Knots 

Average  Crew. 3  to  7 

Length  of  Trip    8  Hours  to  1  Day 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Lobster  Pots, 

Trawl,    Clam 
Dredge 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Maine 


..•      Jm     ATLANTIC  OCEAN 
Mass.^ 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


27 


SALMON    GILL    NETTER 

Noith  Pacfic  Coast 


DRUM    WITH    NET 


SALMON  GILL  NETTER 

Length  in  Feet 22  to  32 

Beam  in  Feet 7  to  16.  5 

Draft  in  Feet l|  to  3 

Net  Tonnage f  to  7 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Gas 

Horsepower 50  to  140 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 7  to  22  Knots 

Average  Crew. 1  to  2 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  2  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear. Hand -Line, 

Troll 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


ALASKA 


CANADA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


Wash 


26 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


SHARK  GILL  NETTER 


Pacific  Coast 


-*      J.  «<>»><• 


PACIFIC  SHARK  GILL  NETTER 

Length  in  Feet 30  to  60 

Beam  in  Feet 10  to  15 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  7 

Net  Tonnage 6  to  2  5 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Gas 

Horsepower 75  to  150 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  1 1  Knots 

Average  Crew 4  to  6 

Length  of  Trip 2  to  6  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Geai Purse  Seine, 

Troll,  Trawl, 
and  Halibut 
Long- Line 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


i 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


29 


HAUL  SEINE 


-^')^. 


SARDINE   WEIR 

Maine 


30 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


POUND  NET 

Atlantic  Coast 


double    heart  tkap 
With  anchors 


FLOATING    SALMON  TRAP 

Alaska 


•t  /T  C  ^■v^sreio 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 

POUND   NET 


Great  Lakes 


31 


FVKE    NET  _?Pi^,    4;     4 

2     TO  5    FEET    IN    OiaMETEB  9   TO   18  FEET    IN    LENGTH  ^=— ,»JL/      'I        .^'■jt  y       J-*  liv"^  s N, 


32 


U.  S.  FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


'^^  ~_     ^00?  NET      BROOK  HOOP  NET 

8    TO    18    FEET   IN    LENGTH  9    TO    18    FEET    IN    LENGTH 

MOUTH     3   TO    6    FEET   IN  DIAM  MQUTH     3' TO  5  W.  -  IV.'tO  3  H. 


SMELT   FISHING 

Great  Lakes   Region 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


33 


LOBSTER   POTS 

Maine 


iOBSTEtlS     AHC 
ueASURCD  FOR 

ueAL  Size 


SPINY  LOBSTER  TRAP 

Florida 


34 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


CRAYFISH  TRAP 

Fiesh-Watei    Fishing ,      r     - 

,<<;■■  .-V    "^ 


WEIGHT 


'7/   SL"-,^jma^ 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


35 


BLUE    CRAB    FISHING 


CRAB    POT 


PATENT  CRAB    TROT  LINE 


PATENT  CRABBER 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Length  in  Feet 32  to  40 

Beam  in  Feet 8  to  12 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  4 

Net  Tonnage    5  to  7 

Construction    Wood 

Engine:    Type    Gas 

Horsepower 25  to  100 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  10  Knots 

Average  Crew 1  to  2 

Length  of  Trip 1  Day 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Trot  Line 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


36 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


DUNGENESS   CRAB  TRAP 

Pacific  Coast 


DUNGENESS  CRAB  BOAT 

Length  in  Feet 30  to  65 

Beam  in  Feet 10  to  14 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  6 

Net  Tonnage 3  to  20 

Construction    Wood  or  Steel 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 75  to  150 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  14  Knots 

Average  Crew 2  to  3 

Length  of  Trip 1  to  10  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Purse  Seine, 

Troll,   and  Hali- 
but Long- Line 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


ALASKA  I 
I 


CANADA 


PACIFIC  OCEAN    », 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


37 


OYSTER  GEAR 

Chesapeake    Bay 


OYSTER  DREDGE 

Atlantic  Coast 


SUCTION    TYPE 


.---^ 


38 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


OYSTER  DREDGE 


PACIFIC     COAST 


OYSTER  DREDGE 

Length  in  Feet 34  to  96 

Beam  in  Feet 8  to  23 

Draft  in  Feet 2 .  5  to  8 

Net  Tonnage 2  5  to  70 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 25  to  275 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  15  Knots 

Average  Crew 1  to  10 

Length  of  Trip 1  Day 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Clam  or  Crab 

Dredge 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


MEXICO 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


39 


CLAM     FISHING 

Atlantic  Coast 


OPERATION 

FISHING  IN    30-40  FT 

OF   WATER 


HOSE 
250  FT    IN  LENGTH 


HYDRAULIC 

SURF    CLAM    DREDGE 


LENGTH   7    Inchis 


GUAM  DREDGER 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Length  in  Feet 31  to  62 

Beam  in  Feet 9  to  18 

Draft  in  Feet 3  to  9 

Net  Tonnage    3  to  40 

Construction    Wood 

Engine:    Type    Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 25  to  250 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  1 1  Knots 

Average  Crew 1    to  3 

Length  of  Trip 1  Day 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Trawl,    Gill  Net. 

Crab  Dredge,    and 
Trot  Line 


^  ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


N.C 


40 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


CLAM   FISHING 

Atlantic  Coast 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


41 


SEA    SCALLOP  FISHING 


SEA  SCALLOP   DRACX^ER 

Length  in  Feet 40  to  100 

Beam  in  Feet 16  to  22 

Draft  in  Feet 6,  5  to  1 1 

Net  Tonnage 15  to  80 

Construction    Wood 

Engine:    Type    Diesel 

Horsepower 1 10  to  330 

Type  of  Refrigeration Ice 

Cruising  Speed 7  to  12  Knots 

Average  Crew 6  to  12 

Length  of  Trip 6  to  12  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Purse  Seine, 

Otter  Trawl,    and 
Long- Line 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Maine 


N.J 


ATLANTIC  OCEAN 


42 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


ABA  LONE   FISHING 


Caliioinia 


4.1 


ABALONE  BOAT 

Length  in  Feet 24  to  32 

Beam  in  Feet 8  to  1 0 

Draft  in  Feet 2  to  3 

Net  Tonnage 4  to  6 

Construction    Wood 

Engine:    Type   Gas 

Horsepower 90  to  165 

Type  of  Refrigeration None  or  Ice 

Cruising  Speed 8  to  12  Knots 

Average  Crew 3 

Length  of  Trip 6  to  8  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear. None 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


MEXICO 
\ 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


43 


SPONGE   FISHING 


^^^^^rv-^.'^H 


SPONGE  BOAT 


MAIN  AREA  OF  FISHING  OPERATION 


Length  in  Feet 36  to  48 

Beam  in  Feet 1 1  to  1 5 

Draft  in  Feet 4  to  6 

Net  Tonnage    6  to  10 

Construction Wood 

Engine:    Type    Diesel  or  Gas 

Horsepower 25  to  150 

Type  of  Refrigeration None 

Cruising  Speed 6  to  8  Knots 

Average  Crew 5  to  8 

Length  of  Trip , 1  to  20  Days 

Convertibility  to 

Other  Types  of  Gear Otter  Trawl 

(Shrimp),    and 
Hand  Lines 


ATLANTIC 
OCEAN 


GULF  OF  MEXICO 


44 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


NET  KNOTS  and  NEEDLES 


■<--2  INSTPETCHEO    MESH--^ 


SINKERS 

(Si      Pi      (5) 


PYRAMID    SINKER 


CANNON    BALL   SINKER 


SPINNING    SINKER 


BANK    SINKERS 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


45 


F/SH   HOOKS 

Vaiiety  o(  Patterns 


f 


f  r 


^  /  /  /  /  / 


TAPEffED  ere  BAj-ere  LOOpeDere         NeeotE  eve        hole  in  flat       FLarreo       markeoshank    marked  tapered       knobbed  shank 

/  y  /  / 

RINGED  HOOK  EfEDHOOK  WRNED  LP  TAPeRED  E  Y£         TURNED  DOMN         TURNED  DCMN  BALL  EYE        TURNED  UP 


Ragulor        Forged 
SHANK  CROSS  SECTION 


CIRCLE    HOOK 


SQUID     HOOKS  HUMPINSHANK  SUCES  ON  SHANK         SHANK  SENT  SACK 


SALMON  HOOKS 


CODFISH  HOOKS 


;  rZ 


-I 


HALIBUT     HOOKS 


HERRING    BAIT  HOOK 


46 


U.  S.  FISH  AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


nnnrprprp 


t  3 10    INCHES 

A   9 

6—7 


OSHAUGHNESSY 


TIES  for  EYE  and  TAD  HOOKS 


(VOffiish 

A e  9   when  finished) 


CIRCULAR  48,  COMMERCIAL  FISHING  VESSELS  AND  GEAR 


47 


TUNA    JIGS 


DOUBLE     TUNA    HOOK  SQUID    BAIT    HOOK 


PIPE    SQUID 


■4 


■3 


\2 


FISHING  SPOONS 
The  ZommQXz\a\  Fisherman 


SALMON   TROLLING    SPOONS 


EGG    WOBBLER 
(Solmon  Spoon  ) 


48 


U.  S.  FISH   AND  WILDLIFE  SERVICE 


SWIVELS 


BOX   SWIVELS 


't^V'oV-' 


BUCKLE     SWIVEL 


i    2,  .,    i  -  2 


CROSS  LINE   SWIVEL 


OO© 


TROLLING    SWIVEL  HEAVY    DUTY    SWIVEL 

490  —  900  POUND  TBT 


PUMP   SWIVEL 


THREE    POLE 

TUNA    SWIVEL 


o 

O 

CODFISH    SWIVELS 


PURSE   LINE    SWIVEL    and    LINKS 


SNAP    SWIVEL 


2  "A     TO  6     DIAM. 
CORK   SEINE  FLOATS 


FLOATS  and  BUOYS 


# 


3"D14M,  S'LDNG  5"  DIAM    9"  ^NG 

PLASTIC     FLOATS 


\  ^^EXPANOEO   PLASTIC 


CI>«. 


3"  DIAM.  6"  LONG 
CEDAR    FLOATS 


-.     FLOAT 
l^utiDflr   biaddflr  in  convos   bog 


GLASS    FLOATS 


I7"0IAM 
ROUND   CANVAS  FLOAT 


SCOTCH     euOY    BAG 
Tor  impregnoled  linen  duck 


STEEL     BUOY 
6"  DIAM. 


h=« 


^ 


TRAP     NET    FLOATS 
3"  »    6"  to  6"x  22" 


BUOY    KEG 
5  to   IS   gollon 


U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE    1957       O— 428737 


MBL   WHO'   Jr"" 


5  WHSE   00106 


FISHERY  LEAFLETS 


F.  L.    64  -  Construction  and  Operation  of  Lobster  Gear 

F.  L.    225  -  Gear  Used  in  the  Sea  Scallop  Fishery 

F.  L.    262  -  Crab  Pot  Construction  (Chesapeake  Bay  Type) 

F.  L.    291  -  Trotline  Construction,   Operation  and  Maintenance 

(Chesapeake  Bay  .Type) 

F.  L.    373  -  Atlantic  Coast  Mackerel  Purse  Seine 

F.  L.    379  -  New  England  Sink  Gill  Net 

F.  L.    386  -  Pacific  Salmon  Drift  Gill  Netting 

F.  L.    387  -  Commercial  Salmon  Trolling 

F.  L.  394  -  Gulf  of  Mexico  Shrimp  Trawl  Design 

F.  L.    302  -  Kite  Rigs  for  Otter  Trawl  Gear 

F.  L.    316  -  Increasing  the  Spread  of  Shrimp  Trawls 

F.  L.    343  -  Floating  Trawls 

F.  L.    365  -  Drum  Seining 

F.  L.   400  -  The  Pond  Net  Fishery  in  Virginia 

F.  L.    419  -  Dungeness  Crab  Pots 

F.  L.   422  -  Construction  Details  of  Improved  Tuna  Long- Line  Gear 

F.  L.    437  -  Assembly  Methods  for  Otter-Trawl  Nets 


Send  requests  to-- 

U.    S.    Fish  and  Wildlife  Service 
Department  of  the  Interior 
Washington  25,   D.   C. 

Give  leaflet  number  and  title. 


^