VOLUME II SCIENCE SERIES NUMBER 2
THE
UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI
STUDIES
EDITED BY
W. G. BROWN
Professor of Industrial Chemistry
THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND
VICINITY
FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS
Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College
Formerly Assistant in the University of Missouri
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UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
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EDITED BY
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VOLUME II
SCIENCE SERIES
PUBLISHED BY THE
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
1911
CONTENTS
NUMBER PAGE
1. An Introduction to the Mechanics of the Inner
Ear, by MAX MEYER, PH. D., Professor of Ex-
perimental Psychology i
2. The Flora of Boulder, Colorado, and Vicinity, by
FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS, Professor of the Ro-
mance Languages, Wabash College. Formerly
Assistant in the University of Missouri 149
II
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
VOLUME II SCIENCE SERIES NUMBER 2
THE ,
UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI
STUDIES
EDITED BY
W. G. BROWN
Professor of Industrial Chemistry
THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND
VICINITY
FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS
Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College
Formerly Assistant in the University of Missouri
PUBLISHED BY THE
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
October, 1911
500
Copyright, 1911, by
THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
COLUMBIA MO. :
E. W. STEPHENS PUBLISHING COMPANY,
I9I I
TO
PROFESSOR T. D. A. COCKERELL
THIS STUDY IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
PREFACE
During the summer of 1906 I was employed by the Depart-
ment of Botany of the University of Missouri to collect plants
in Colorado for the Herbarium of the University. I spent,
therefore, a period of two months and a half in this work. I
arrived at Boulder, Colorado, June eighteenth, and departed
thence September third. All the collecting was done in Boul-
der County, and the greater part of it within a radius of five
miles from the city of Boulder. I collected altogether about
1,036 species of flowering plants and ferns. The vernal plants,
of course, had blossomed before my arrival, but except for
these the flora of Boulder is fairly well shown in the collection.
In the list of plants here given there have been included
all that are known to occur in Boulder County; but inasmuch
as the boundary between Grand and Boulder Counties lies
along the summits of the main range of mountains it is impos-
sible often to tell in what county a given plant has been col-
lected. Similarly Long's Peak lies partly in Larimer County
and partly in Boulder County. In all cases in which plants
have been cited from a mountain lying partly in Boulder Coun-
ty, these have been included in the list, unless a definite locali-
ty in the other county is given. Plants admitted to the list
because of the citations given in Rydberg's Flora of Colorado
XI
Xll PREFACE
are ascribed to Rydberg; it is of course understood that this
ascription does not imply that these plants were collected by
Rydberg in the localities named, but merely that by examina-
tion of the plants or otherwise he is satisfied that they occur
in those places. In the case of plants collected by myself I
have added the collection number, so that these can be identi-
fied at any time. I may add that besides the set of Boulder
plants in the Herbarium of the University of Missouri, there
is a duplicate set in the Herbarium of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College; there is also a set in my own possession. The
Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden has an incom-
plete set. As the numbers are the same for all plants of the
same species, the identification of any of these plants can be
made out from the number given in the list.
In the introduction I have sought to present what knowl-
edge I have of the distribution of plants in Boulder County.
I have tried to present them in their natural plant-societies.
I saw, however, too little of the montane, subalpine, and the
alpine floras to be able to give a comprehensive account of these,
and it must be remembered that I did not see the vernal facies
of any portion of the vegetation.
As to nomenclature I have followed, except where plainly
deficient in the tight of later investigation, that of Rydberg' s
Flora of Colorado. While I feel that in the case of both
genera and species there has been an over-multiplication — as
for instance the splitting up of such a natural group as the
pines into several genera, yet at the time of the preparation
of this Flora the only convenient guide was Rydberg' s work.
It is to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell of the University of
Colorado to whom I am most indebted for assistance in this
work. Remote both from the vegetation itself and from an
PREFACE Xlll
adequate library, I could not have carried on the work at all
without his cheerful cooperation. He has examined every
page of the manuscript, and I owe much to his apt suggestions
and kindly criticism. My thanks are also due to Professor
Francis Ramaley for his kindness in examining the proof-
sheets, and to Professor J. Henderson who has perused the
article on the physiography. Both have given me notes of
much value.
ERRATA
Page 15, line 13, for Chrysopogon, read Sorghastrum.
Page 18, line 3 from bottom of page, for C. umbellata bre-
virostris, read C. umbellata brachyrhina.
Page 26, line 4, for Cogswellia Grayi read Cogswellia orientalis.
Page 27, line 22, for F. confinis, read F. Kingii.
Line 12 for Agropyron Vaseyi, read Agropyron spicatum
inerme.
Page 31, line 2 from bottom of page, for Trisetum subspicatum.
read Trisetum spicatum.
Page 33, line 14, same correction.
Page 39, line 8 from bottom of page, for Pseudocymopterus
tenuifolius, read Pseudocymopterus multifidus.
Page 41, -line 9, for Trisetum subspicatum, read Trisetum
spicatum.
Page 42, line 6 from bottom of page, for Polemonium scopu-
linum, read Polemonium pulcherrimum.
xiv
INTRODUCTION
I. PHYSIOGRAPHY
Boulder, Colorado, lies nestling close to the Rocky Moun-
tains just north of the 4Oth parallel. There the foot-
hills are strikingly beautiful and high, and only twenty miles
away Arapahoe Peak, clasping to its bosom the best glacier
of the southern Rockies, gleams whitely in full view, while
twenty- four miles to the northwest towers jaggedly Long's
Peak, 14,271 ft. high, the highest point in Boulder County, and
one of the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains. Away to
the eastward the plain stretches unbrokenly, save for an oc-
casional butte, till lost to vision. There is then room for a
great diversity of vegetation, ranging from the semi-desert
plants of the arid plains to the arctic plants that grow at the
wasting edge of the perpetual snow.
The Continental Divide, which, due west of Boulder,
touches its easternmost point in North America, is only from
twenty to twenty- four miles away. It rises as a vast snow-
covered wall of rock to an average height of from 11,000 to
12,000 feet; the highest points in the Divide in this region
are Long's Peak, 14,271 ft., Mt. Audubon, 13,173 ft., Mt.
Baldy, 11,470 ft., Arapahoe Peak, 13,520 ft., and James'
Peak, 13,283 ft. Due west of Boulder Arapahoe Pass
crosses the Divide at an altitude of 12,000 feet. It
will be seen, therefore, that there is an almost impassable
barrier between the vegetation of the Pacific slope and that of
149] i
2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [150
the Atlantic. Since this barrier is almost everywhere above
timberline, only a few Pacific species are found on the Atlantic
side of the slope within the region about Boulder. Perhaps
the most interesting exception is the occurrence of one of the
orchids, Piperia Unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb., a few indi-
viduals of which I found in the foot-hills near Boulder, and
which is not known to occur elsewhere east of the mountains
of Utah, it having its main range from Alaska to California.
All the streams of Boulder County flow ultimately into the
South Fork of the Platte river, and thence into the Missouri
and the Mississippi. Boulder creek, the chief stream of the
region, and one of the headwaters of the Platte, is fed from the
snows of the Divide, especially between Arapahoe and James'
Peaks. Just over the other side of the Divide are some of the
headwaters of Grand river, which flows into the Colorado,
and thence into the Gulf of California.
All the main streams in Boulder County have their sources
in the wasting snows of the Main Range. These have cut gor-
ges, in most cases over a thousand feet deep, into the elevated
plateau between the main range and the foot-hills proper, and
by means of these deep valleys have transformed this plateau
into what are now really mountain masses, having an average
altitude of about 8,000 feet, the eastern and western slopes of
which are long longitudinal valleys, and the northern and
southern ones the precipitous gorges cut by the streams. Be-
tween Boulder and the Main Range there are about four of
these mountain ridges, the first, or that of the foot-hills proper,
rising to a height of from 7,000 to 8,600 feet, the others slightly
lower, having an altitude of about 7,500 to 8,000 feet. Among
these Sugarloaf Mountain stands out prominently as an
isolated peak a thousand feet higher, it being a por-
I5l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 3
phyry dike, and thus weathering more slowly than the
granitic peaks. This whole elevated plateau, cut by
streams into what now appear as definite mountain
ridges, we shall call the foot-hills, although the foot-hills
proper are the ridges of sandstone at the edge of this granite
plateau. The flora, however, is the same, save for
a few ferns and other rock-plants which are confined to cer-
tain kinds of rocks, some to the limestones, others to the sand-
stones, still others to the granite.
The main range of mountains as well as the high plateau
at its base is composed of granite, granite-porphyry, and
granite-gneiss, gray or reddish in color. Dikes are frequent,
either of pegmatite or of felsitic porphyry. When the uplift
or uplifts occurred, which made the Rocky Mountains, the
sedimentary rocks resting upon the basement of granite, were
tilted until they stood nearly on end. The jagged crags of the
foot-hills proper are, then, the ends of these sedimentary layers.
Thus it happens, too, that the oldest beds lie next the granite,
while the younger underlie the plains.
The oldest and lowest, that is, the one lying directly upon
or rather against the granite, is a layer of quartzite 550 feet
thick, and of Algonkin age. This, however, is absent in front
of Boulder and occurs in but two places in the county.
The next, and of Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) age,
is the red Fountain sandstone, 500 to 1,500 feet thick.
In the immediate vicinity of Boulder it lies directly
upon the granite. On the east slope of Green Moun-
tain it hangs in five triangular blocks of about 500 feet
in thickness at an angle of about 52 °. These, called the
Flat-irons, are each about 1,000 feet high and about 1,500
feet wide; the third Flat-iron, however, rises to an altitude
of nearly 8,000 feet, or about 2,000 feet above the mesa. At
4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [152
Boulder Canon the red sandstone walls are vertical. These
perpendicular sandstone crags are the most striking feature
>of the scenery of the foot-hills.
Lying next to the Fountain sandstone, and also of Pennsyl-
vanian age, is the creamy Lyons sandstone, which is quarried
in large amounts. It has a maximum thickness of almost 300
feet.
Next in order, and still of Pennsylvanian age, is the Lykins
formation, about 800 feet thick and consisting of sandstones,
sandy shales, and a little limestone. It is easily weathered and
is consequently thickly covered with waste.
The Morrison formation occurs next, and consists of sand-
stone, clays, and limestone, and is a little less than 600 feet
thick. It is of Jurassic age.
Then come various Cretaceous beds, the first of which,
the "Dakota," is a firm sandstone of about 350 feet in thickness.
Its resistance to weathering causes the characteristic hogback
of the foot-hills, consisting of one, two, or even three distinct
combs, or crags.
Then follow in succession the Benton shales, 500 feet
thick; the Niobrara shales and limestones, 400 feet thick; the
Pierre shales, 5,000 feet thick; the Fox Hills shales, 1,300 feet
thick ; and the Laramie beds, which are coal-bearing and about
115 feet thick. Lastly are the Quaternary deposits of allu-
vium and terrace gravels. The various shales have weathered
and eroded rapidly and underlie the plain, while the more
resistant beds next the granite persist as crags, while the high
mesas at the base of the foot-hills are shale outliers left by
stream-erosion and are really stream terraces.
The soil of the region, outside of the alluvium and ter-
race gravels, is granitic in the mountains, while in the foot-
hills it is apt to be brick-red from the detritus of the red
153] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5
sandstones. The soft Lykins formation yields a very red soil.
The Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks have layers of sand and
clay.
II. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL*
The climate of Boulder, however enjoyable it may be to
human beings, can hardly be said to be highly favorable to
plant-life. At least this is true of the foot-hills, the mesas,
and the plains. The Main Range, however, is well watered,
but here the high elevation and the low temperature repress
plant-life. The montane and subalpine slopes have a dense vege-
tation, and yet even here the shallow soil and the rapid run-off
of the water cause portions of them to have the aspect of
deserts. A subalpine meadow has an opulent luxuriance; an
adjoining slope may be gray with sage brush. In part the ap-
parent thinness of vegetation in the mountains may be due to
the superabundance of naked rock. In many portions of the
Rockies the greater part of the surface has no soil whatever,
and only a cranny-and-crevice vegetation is possible. The
Rocky Mountains are new; their rocks are sharp and jagged;
even lichens are rare on their surfaces. About Eldora and
Arapahoe Peak, however, the rocks are beautifully rounded
by glacial action.
In the summer of 1906 there were rains almost daily, many
of them soaking rains, but their distribution was uneven and
capricious. In general the rainfall decreases as the distance
from the snowy range increases. The alpine and subalpine
*For the climatology of the region, consult the article by Professor
Ramaley on the Climatology of the Mesas near Boulder, Univ. of Colo.
Studies, 6, 19-35, alsor the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock
lake near Ward, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 138-147.
6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [154
regions receive most; the foot-hills less; the mesas receive
some from every shower ; the plains for five or six miles get
a portion of the larger showers; but beyond that for several
hundred miles good rains are very few. The summer
of 1906 was exceptional,* for even the plains about Boulder
seemed to receive more water than do many parts of the
eastern United States in midsummer. When I left Boulder
the third of September, the native vegetation for five or six
miles out on the plain was as green as a prevailingly gray
vegetation well can be; there was no sign of drouth, while
when I reached Missouri and Iowa, the pastures were parched.
In fact what I shall remember most about Colorado is its
exuberance of water. It courses down all the mountain
canons, roaring and bubbling and dashing into foam. Springs
are frequent and of a pureness and coolness that make them
perfect. On the plains everywhere that one goes, a ditch full
to the brim runs beside one. From the top of Green Mountain
a hundred lakes may be seen gleaming on the plain. It is
plainly a land of abundant rain and water.
And yet why this feverish haste to irrigate the fields, why
these ditches, these sluices, these storage-reservoirs? Why
is land with a water-right worth several hundred dollars an
acre, and land without one but five dollars ? And why, to ask
a still deeper question, why does nearly every kind of native
plant have some means of conserving water, or some contriv-
ance for preventing too rapid transpiration? Why do desert
plants meet one at every hand: cacti, yuccae, sages, and
xerophytic grasses? No, this region cannot be a land of
abundant rain and water, in spite of the fact that I have never
*In 1906 the greatest rainfall was recorded (26.17 inches), while 1901
was the driest year (13.67 inches).
155] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 7
seen so much anywhere else, nor anywhere else have had such
drenchings to the skin, It is a semi-arid land, parched and
thirsty. And the farmer, whom I saw flooding his land the
morning after an all night's pouring rain, knew from long
experience that there could not be too much water. The
rapid drainage, the light dry air, the fierce light of the high
elevation, the hot sun, the soil unfitted for the retention of
water, all these things parch and wither our cultural plants,
for while the native vegetation has organs for storing water
and for diminishing transpiration, the cultivated plants have
none of these. Nevertheless for the native vegetation in
1906 there was ample water-supply; it grew with an almost
incredible luxuriance, so much so that I found the measure-
ments given in the manuals were often valueless for my pur-
pose, as many of my plants were taller and larger than the
books say that they grow. I was told that after the first of
July there would be no botanizing as everything on the plains
and foot-hills would dry up; but I remained till September
first and the plants did not dry up, and I was able to collect
over a thousand species in about two months and a half.
The following table, which I use by the kind permission of
Professor Ramaley, will furnish the data requisite to an under-
standing of the temperature and rainfall of the region. The
data holds true only for the city of Boulder.
8
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[156
TABLE
COMPILED BY DR. FRANCIS RAMALEY
Summary of data on temperature and rainfall at Boulder,
Colorado, for eleven years, ending August, 1908.
MONTH
c 8
S j>
E to
1*
6 dL
o e
z s
Warmest
mean on
record.
Coldest
mean on
record.
Normal
mean rainfall.
Greatest
rainfall on
record.
Least rainfall
on record.
Year
Degs
Year
Degs
Year
Inc's
Year
Inc's
January .
34-i
32-9
39-4
47-7
56.4
64.6
70.1
71.0
64.0
53-o
43-o
37-o
51.0
1906
1907
1907
1908
1898
1902
1901
1898
1897
1900
1904
1906
39-°
42.8
48.1
52-5
60.5
66.8
75-3
73-2
66.8
57-2
48.3
41.0
1905
1899
1906
1900
1907
1907
1906
1906
1900
1905
1898
1898
29-3
18.0
30.2
45-6
51.0
62.1
67.2
68.0
61.5
48.5
38.1
29.0
0.4
0.66
1.6
3-58
3.02
i-53
1.72
i-3
!-55
i-47
0-59
0.68
18.0
l899
1903
1899
1900
1904
I897
1906
l897
1902
1903
1906
1902
0.87
!-52
2.79
9.18
5-35
3-7i
3-8i
3-3
2.7
3-43
1.87
0-54
1903
1908
1908
1908
I899
1908
1901
I900&I905
1901
1900
i899&i9oi
I905&I906
0.08
0.09
0.23
I.7I
o-55
0.29
0.46
0.22
O. IO
0.13
o.oo
o.oo
February
March ....
April
May .. .
Tune
July..
August
September
October
November
December
Annual. . . .
Highest recorded temperature is 97 degrees, July 15, 1902.
Lowest recorded temperature is — 20 degrees, January 8, 1902, and
again February 20, 1905.
Greatest rainfall recorded, 26.17 inches, 1906.
Smallest rainfall recorded, 13.67 inches, 1901.
Ill ZONES OF VEGETATION*
There are six great zones of vegetation about Boulder,
which, proceeding from east to west, are: A. The Zone of
*These zones of vegetation are practically those of Robbins (Cli-
matology and Vegetation in Colorado, Bot. Gaz., 49, 256-280), who rec-
ognized (i) plains, (2) eastern lower foothills and mesas, (3) eastern
upper foothills, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, (4) montane zone, (5) subalpine
zone, (6) alpine zone. Professor Ramaley, however, would unite the
mesas and foothills into one zone (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 50-51).
T57] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 9
the Plains, CAMPESTRES; B. The Zone of the Mesas,
MENSALES; C. The Zone of the Foot-hills and Mountain
Plateau, SUBMONTANAE; fourth, The Zone of the Lower
Mountain Slopes, MONT AN AE; fifth, The Zone of the Sub-
alpine Mountain Slopes, SUBALPESTRES; sixth, The
Zone of the Alpine Summits, ALPESTRES. Of these the
Plains Flora, the Foot-hill Flora, the Montane Flora, the Sub-
alpine Flora, and the Alpine Flora are primary, while that of
the Mesas is a transition from the Flora of the Plains to the
Flora of the Foot-hills. The Alpine corresponds to the Arctic
Circumpolar vegetation, the Subalpine to the Hudsonian, the
Montane to the Canadian, the Foot-hill and the Mesa to the
Upper Transition, and that of the Plains to the Lower Transi-
tion with some Upper Sonoran forms.
A. CAMPESTRES
The plains are not so arid about Boulder as they are far-
ther east. In fact after riding for hundreds of miles through
a desert of dried up grass, it is with a feeling of inutterable
joy that one sees this narrow ribbon of green from six to
twelve miles wide at the foot of the mountains. This green-
ness and freshness is due mainly to two causes: First, this
strip receives more rain than does the rest of the Great Plains.
The clouds do not quite rain out before reaching the plains.
These rains are, however, capricious. The clouds are narrow.
The southern part of Boulder may receive a thorough drench-
ing, the northern part may not have a drop. One Sunday
there was a cloud-burst in Sunshine Canon, farms and bridges
were washed away ; from three to five feet of water came dash-
ing through the main street of Boulder, while it scarcely
sprinkled where I was a half mile to the south. The second
cause is the abundant irrigation.
10 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [158
The Plains Flora falls into five main societies : The
Aquatic (Aquatiles); The Palustrous (Palustres); The Ri-
parian (Ripariae); The Prairie Meadow, the plains flora
proper, (Campanales); and the Alkali Flat (Alkalinae).
a. Aquatiles. The Aquatic Flora is found in lakes and
streams. It consists of submerged or floating aquatics — pond-
weeds, duckweeds, water-milfoils, hornworts, water starworts,
besides various algae. It is seen best in Owen's lake and
Boulder lake, which while about twenty feet deep, are very
brackish. The slower streams also have aquatic plants, as do
likewise the aqueous nuclei of swamps and swales. The fol-
lowing is a list of typical species :
Potamogeton lonchites L. minor
P. heterophyllus Ceratophyllum demersum
P. foliosus Callitriche palustris
P. pectinatus C. bifida
P. Spirillus Myriophyllum spicatum
Zanichellia palustris Limosella aquatica
Lemna gibba
All the above species occur in the eastern United States.
b. Palustres. The Palustrous, or Swamp Flora is found
in bogs, in swales, along ditches, and about the miry margins
of ponds and lakes and streams. It consists of rushes, bul-
rushes, sedges, swamp grasses, sweet flags, cat-tails, stick-
tights, swamp asters, water peppers, and various other plants.
I have included here the whole subaquatic flora, since the for-
mation is so slight that it is best treated as a whole without
separation into amphibious, limose, paludose, and uliginose
societies. The following are characteristic species :
Equisetum arvense Typha lati folia
E. laevigatum Alisma Plantago
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
II
Sagittaria ari folia
Homalocenchrus oryzoides
Phalaris arundinacea
Muhlenbergia racemosa
Alopecurus aristulatus
Spartina cynosurioides
Poa triflora
Panicularia nervata
P. Americana
P. borealis
Cyperus inflexus
Scirpus Americanus
S. lacustris
S. atrovirens pallidus
Eleocharis palustris
E. glaucescens
E. acicularis
E. acuminata
Carex vulpinoidea
C. stipata
C. stricta
C. lanuginosa
Acorus Calamus
Heteranthera limosa
Juncus Balticus montanus
J. longistylis
J. nodosus
J. Torreyi
J. marginatus
Iris Missouriensis
Rumex occidentalis
R. salicifolius
Persicaria lapathi folia
P. emersa.
P. punctata
Crunocallis Chamissoi
Ranunculus sceleratus
eremogenes
R. Macounii
Halerpestes Cymbalaria
Nasturtium
Nasturtium-aquaticum
Radicula calycina
R. hispida
Hypericum majus
Lythrum alatum
Epilobium adenocaulon
Cicuta occidentalis
Berula erecta
Verbena hastata
Phyla cunei folia
Teucrium occidentale
Scutellaria galericulata
Prunella vulgaris
Stachys scopulorum
Lycopus lucidus
L. Americanus
Mentha spicata
M. Penardi
Mimulus Geyeri
M. floribundus
Gratiola Virginiana'
12 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l6o
Lobelia syphilitica A. Osterhoutii
Ludoviciana Bidens vulgata
Iva xanthi folia B. glaucescens
I. axillaris Helenium montanum
Ambrosia trifida Lactuca pulchella
Xanthium commune L. spicata
Aster caerulescens
It will be noted that all but a very few of the above
species are common palustrous species of the eastern United
States.
c. Ripariae. The Riparian Flora occurs along the banks
of streams. It consists of trees, shrubs, and herbs. There
are no trees nor shrubs proper on the Great Plains, except
those that grow along the streams. Here occur various cot-
tonwoods, box-elders, and willows. The herbs are partly
marsh herbs and partly plants from the plains, especially
grasses. The following are typical riparian species :
Equisetum laevigatum Betula fontinalis (only near
Eatonia robusta the foot-hills)
Agropyron riparium Urtica gracilis
Elymus Canadensis Cardamine vallicola
E. robustus Rulac Negundo
Populus Sargentii R. Texanum
P. acuminata Vitis vulpina
P. angusti folia Pesedera vitacea
Salix amygdalioides Solidago Pitcheri
S. exigua S. Canadensis
S. luteosericea
d. Campanales. The Prairie Flora is that which is
proper to the greater part of the plains region. In aspect it
is a vast meadow, above which now and then a yucca rises with
l6l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 13
its bayonet-like leaves and its large cluster of flowers. But
this aspect changes according to the season of the year, nor
is it uniform at any season. As various plants come into
bloom, so is it tinged red or purple, white or yellow; here it
is an upland meadow of broom-grasses with purplish leaves;
there it is dark green with meadow-grasses ; yonder it is white
and hoar with sages. In early summer it is red, or purple,
or blue with loco-weeds, beard-tongues, and thistles, yellow
with golden asters, orange with cone-flowers and gaillardias,
or white with Mexican poppies. In midsummer the psoraleas
are numerous ; here and there are large clumps of lupines ; the
tall porcupine grasses abound, and sunflowers rear their heads
of gold. In late summer it is yellow with gumweeds of all
kinds, with golden-rods and rabbit-brushes, or purple with
blazing-stars and turkey-foot grasses. In autumn the gray
sages put forth their inconspicuous flowers, the late composites
ripen their achenes and whiten the landscape with their pappus.
But the chief plants of this formation are those not seen —
the little buffalo and mesquite grasses only a few inches high,
but forming the turf of these vast plains. There are no shrubs
proper in this flora. At most there are a few undershrubs
and suffrutescent plants, such as roses, yuccas, and the like.
It should be added that the vegetation of the moister por-
tions of the plains differs, especially in aspect and also some-
what in species, from that of the drier portions; but while it
is possible to distinguish these two elements of the flora in
the extreme cases of moistness and dryness, yet in the greater
part of the area the two vegetations mingle inextricably. I
shall, however, arrange the plants typical of the Great Plains
into two classes, Humidae and Aridae, although the two
classes occur quite commonly together:
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[162
i. Humidae.
Andropogon furcatus
Panicum virgatum
Agrostis alba
A. asperi folia
Bouteloua olgostachya
Bulbilis dactyloides
Koeleria cristata
Poa pratensis
P. triflora
P. interior
P. pseudopratensis
Festuca elatior
Bromus marginatus latior
B. Pumpellianus
Agropyron pseudorepens
A. occidentale
Hordeum jubatum
Elymus Macounii
Carex marcida
C. scoparia
C. athrostachya
C. pratensis
C. festucacea
Juncus interior
J. Arizonicus
J. confusus
J. Dudleyi
Sisyrinchium angusti folium
Argemone intermedia
A. hispida
Sophia intermedia
Potentilla Hippiana
Drymocallis arguta
Rosa pratincola
Lupinus decumbens
L. decumbens argentatus
Astragalus goniatus
Homalobus Salidae
Aragallus Lambertii
A. patens
Psoralea tenuiflora
P. argophylla
Petalostemon oligophyllus
P. purpureus
P. pubescens
Poinsettia dentata
Malvastrum dissectum
Oenothera strigosa
Anogra rhizomata
A. coronopi folia
Gaura parviflora
G. coccinea
G. glabra
Asclepias speciosa
Lithospermum canescens
Onosmodium occidentale
Verbena bracteosa
V. ambrosifolia
Salvia lanceolata
Physalis lanceolata
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
P. Virginiana
Androcera rostrata
Pentstemon unilateralis
Gerardia Besseyana
Grindelia serrulata
G. perennis
Oligoneuron canescens
Aster commutatus
Erigeron divergens
ii. Aridae.
Schizachyrium scoparium
Andropogon chrysocomus
Chrysopogon nutans
Aristida fasciculata
A. longiseta
Stipa comata
S. viridula
S. Nelsonii
Muhlenbergia cuspidata
Sporobolus airoides
S. cryptandrus
S. heterolepis
S. asperifolius
Agrostis hiemalis
Merathrepta spicata
Bouteloua hirsuta
B. oligostachya
Munroa squarrosa
Eragrostis pectinacea
Poa crocata
P. junci folia
E. flagellaris
Ratibida columnaris
Helianthus lenticularis
H. grosseserratus
Gaillardia aristata
Artemisia gnaphalodes
Cirsium megacephalum
C. ochrocentrum
Agoseris glauca
P. confusa
Festuca octoflora
Agropyron molle
Hordeum pusillum
Sitanion longi folium
S. brevifolium
Elymus brachystachys
Carex Douglasii
C. siccata
C. straminea
Yucca glauca
Eriogonum effusum
Paronychia Jamesii
Allionia linearis
Delphinium Penardii
Stanleya glauca
Xylophacos Shortianus
Amorpha nana
Psoralea tenui flora
Linum Lewisii
i6
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[164
Chamaesyce Fendleri
C. serpylli folia
Tithymalus Arkansanus
Acerates viridiflora
A. angustifolia
Asclepias pumila
Evolvulus Nuttallianus
Lappula occidentalis
L. cupulata
Cryptanthe crassisepala
Lithospermum breviflorum
Monarda pectinata
Hedeoma hispida
Physalis rotundata
Quincula lobata
Pentstemon secundiflorus
P. gracilis
P. humilis
Orthocarpus luteus
Plantago Purshii
Ambrosia psilostachya
Gaertneria tomentosa
Kuhnia Hitchcockii
K. glutinosa
Laciniaria punctata
Gutierrezia longifolia
G. scoparia
Chrysopsis villosa
C. hispida
Chrysothamnus pulcherrimus
Sideranthus annuus
S. spinulosus
Solidago glaberrima
S. nana
Townsendia exscapa
Aster exiguus
A. crassulus
A. polycephalus
Erigeron ramosus
Wyomingia cana
Helianthus petiolaris
H. pumilus
Thelesperma gracile
Boebera papposa
Artemisia dracunculoides
A. Brittonnii
Senecio Riddellii
S. multicapitatus
S. spartioides
Cirsium undulatum
e. Alkalinae. The best examples of the Flora of the
Alkali Flats occur in the vicinity of Owen's lake and Boulder
lake, where large tracts are white as snow with alkali. The
plants are mainly succulent chenopods, but a few other plants
also occur. The following species are characteristic :
Distichlis stricta Polygonum buxi forme
Puccinellia airoides Chenopodium rubrum
165] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 7
Monolepis Nuttalliana Iva axillaris
Atriplex carnosa Chrysothamnus graveolens
A. argentea C. pulcherrimus
Dondia depressa Solidago gilvocanescens
Sophora sericea
B. MENSALES*
The Flora of the Mesas is a transitional flora ; the mesas
have most of the plants of the plains and in addition many of
the plants of the foot-hills. There are, however, a considerable
number of species, which are peculiar to the mesas. These
mesas are flat tablelands rising abruptly a hundred feet or so
above the plains in successive terraces. The altitude of the
plains in Boulder County is from 5,000 to 5,500 feet. The
lowest mesa, at an altitude of about 5,600 feet, has the
flora of the plains, but at the next mesa, at an altitude of 5,700
feet, the flora begins to change, and from then on to the foot
of the crags, 6,000 feet, the plains plants gradually tend to
disappear and the foot-hill flora to come in. The highest
mesas are so filled with waste from landslips from the crags,
that they may be said to be an integral part of the foot-hills.
And so, too, the streams have made deep canons through the
mesas, the flora of which is not so very unlike that of the
canons of the foot-hills. West of Marshall there is a high bog
on the mesa, but as its plants differ in no wise from the bog
plants of the plains, it will be dismissed with this notice.
Six plant-societies are to be found upon the mesas : a. The
meadow (Pratenses), which differs little from the plains
meadow, although certain mountain species, such as the Mari-
*For a detailed account of the vegetation of the mesas, see the pa-
pers by Dodds, Ramaley, and Robbins, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 11-49.
l8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l66
posa lily, the painted cups, and the wool- joints are present, b.
The cactus mesa (Spinosae). c. The Yucca mesa (Ensi-
formes). d. The wooded mesa (Sylvestres). e. The
brush mesa (Arbustales). f. The mesa canon (Vallicolae).
a. Pratenses. The flora of the mesa meadow is com-
posed of an admixture of plants both from the plains and the
foot-hills. Typical plants are:
Sorghastrum nutans Calochortus Gunnisonii
Stipa comata Comandra pallida
S. viridula Eriogonum alatum
Bouteloua hirsuta E. flavum
B. oligostachya E. umbellatum
Atheropogon curtipendulus Polygonum Douglasii
Koeleria cristata Silene antirrhina
Poa triflora Lychnis Drummondii
P. interior Delphinium Penardii
P. pseudopratensis D. camporum
P. junci folia D. Nelsonii
P. confusa Anemone cylindrica
Festuca octoflora Pulsatilla hirsutissima
Agropyron tenerum Argemone intermedia
A. pseudorepens Potentilla effusa
Elymus brachystachys Drymocallis fissa
E. villiflorus Lupinus Plattensis
Carex marcida L. decumbens
C. pratensis Geoprumnon succulentum
C. straminea Astragalus nitidus
C. straminiformis A. goniatus
C. Pennsylvania vespertina Tium Drummondii
C. umbellata brevirostris Aragallus Lambertii
Tradescantia Universitatis A. sericeus
Yucca glauca Psoralea tenuiflora
:67]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
P. argophylla
Geranium Fremontii
Linum Lewisii
Tithymalus philorus
Nuttallia multiflora
N. stricta
Epilobium paniculatum
Gayophytum intermedium
Meriolix serrulata
Gaura parviflora
Gilia Candida
G. pinnatifida
G. sinuata
Collomia linearis
Phacelia heterophylla
Oreocarya virgata
Mertensia linearis
M. lanceolata
Pentstemon unilateralis
P. secundiflorus
P. gracilis
P. humilis
Castilleja linariae folia
Campanula petiolata
Gutierrezia longi folia
G. scoparia
Chrysopsis resinolens
Solidago pallida
Townsendia grandiflora
Rudbeckia flava
Ratibida columnaris
Helianthus subrhomboideus
Gaillardia aristata
Artemisia dracunculoides
A. Forwoodii
A. frigida
A. Brittonii
Senecio Plattensis
S. Nelsonii
S. Fendleri
b. Spinosae. The vegetation of the cactus mesa con-
sists of a few species of cacti, of the prickly Ceanothus Fend-
leri, and a few other xerophytic plants and undershrubs. The
principal cacti are :
Echinocereus viridiflorus O. polyacantha
Opuntia mesacantha O. fragilis
O. rhodantha O. Greenei
c. Ensiformes. The best example of the Yucca mesa
occurs near the entrance of Bear Canon. There the ground is
practically denuded, and only sparse clumps of Yuccas and
2O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l68
bunch-grasses occupy the ground. The two species of im-
portance are Yucca glauca and Eriocoma cuspidata.
d. Sylvestres. A good example of the wooded mesa
lies immediately back of the Chautauqua grounds. There the
bull pine has descended from the foot-hills and taken posses-
sion of the mesa. Besides the bull pine, Pinus scopulorum,
the low juniper, Juniperus Sibirica, is of rare occurrence.
Of herbs the most noteworthy is Arnica pedunculata, which
is frequent under the pines. I found also only there Centun-
culus minimus, perhaps the only known station of this plant in
Colorado, since it is not included in Rydberg's Flora of Colo-
rado. It is growing with Linaria Canadensis, which is like-
wise an eastern plant.
e. Arbustales. The brush mesa assumes various forms.
Ordinarily some one species is in control. Occasionally it con-
sists of various haws, as at the entrance of Gregory Canon,
or of a thicket of juneberries, wax-currants, and skunk-bushes.
South of Bluebell Canon is a mesa covered with the peculiar
mountain mahogany. Wild cherries and plums are frequent,
and the hackberry occasional in these shrubby thickets. The
principal species are:
Celtis reticulata C. erythropoda
Ribes pumilum Prunus Americana
R. longifolium P. melanocarpa
Oreobatus deliciosus Toxicodendron Rydbergii
Batidaea laetissima Schmaltzia trilobata
Cercocarpus parvifolium Ceanothus Fendleri
Rosa Sayi C. mollissimus
Amelanchier oreophila C. subsericeus
Crataegus occidentalis Symphoricarpos occidentalis
C. Coloradensis
169] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21
Of herbs the vetches and vetchlings are the most im-
portant :
Vicia sparsi folia V. producta
V. dissitifolia Lathyrus leucanthus
V. oregana
f. Vallicolae. The mesa canon has a bewildering di-
versity of floral elements, now consisting of thickets of haws
with extremely vicious thorns, wild briers, the long-beaked
hazel, and dwarf maples, now with a fontinal vegetation
strikingly like our own Carolinian. One little gulch at the
base of Flagstaff Hill has a vegetation composed quite wholly
of eastern plants. Here occur Phragmites Phragmites, Sani-
cula Marilandica, Steironema ciliatum, Veronica Americana,
Eupatorium maculatum, and a form of Apios Apios, the last
of which was not known to occur west of eastern Kansas
previous to this collection. Since the streams have cut deeply
into the surface, the canon of the mesa resembles greatly the
canon of the foot-hills. There are riparian, rupestrine, clivose,
and fontinal elements compressed within the space of a few
feet. Mountain forms follow these streams often for some
distance into the plain. And yet the facies of the flora is dis-
tinctly eastern. Here are haws, hazels, maples, grapes, wild
cherries, willows, cottonwoods, dogwoods, nine-barks. The
herbs, too, have an eastern look — sweet cicelies, false Solo-
mon's seals, water-leafs, fragile ferns, avens, bog-orchids. It
is true that a closer examination reveals the fact that many of
these plants belong to species which are strictly western, yet the
fact remains that there is little in the vegetation that impresses
as strange, one who is familiar only with the eastern flora,
while all about him in plain, mesa, foot-hill, and mountain are
utterly unfamiliar types of vegetation. So in this narrow
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[170
zone of gulches and canons is alone to be found the exact
analogue of the Carolinian flora. The following are the im-
portant species:
Filix fragilis
Phragmites Phragmites
Carex festiva
Allium Nuttallii
A. Geyeri
A. reticulatum
Vagnera stellata
Nemexia lasioneuron
Limnorchis viridiflora
L. laxiflora
Oreobatus deliciosus
Potentilla Pennsylvanica
strigosa
Geum scopulorum
Rosa Sayi
Amelanchier oreophila
Crataegus Coloradensis
C. occidentalis
C. erythropoda
C. Doddsii
Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza C. Coloradoides
Populus Sargentii
P. acuminata
P. angustifolia
Corylus rostrata
Parietaria Pennsylvanica
P. obtusa
Humulus lupulus Neo-
Mexicanus
Cerastium occidentale
Ranunculus abortivus
Thalictrum purpurascens
Sedum stenopetalum
Heuchera parvi folia
Ribes pumilum
R. longi folium
Opulaster intermedius
O. Ramaleyi
Prunus Americana
P. Pennsylvanica
P. melanocarpa
Thermopsis divaricarpa
Amorpha fruticosa
Vicia oregana
V. producta
Apios Apios Boulderensis
Geranium Parryi
Toxicodendron Rydbergii
Acer glabrum
Rulac Negundo
R. Texanum
Vitis vulpina
Pesedera vitacea
Calceolaria linearis
Circaea alpina
I/l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 23
Aralia nudicaulis Mertensia lanceolata
Svida stolonifera Dracocephalum parviflorum
Sanicula Marilandica Mimulus Hallii
Osmorrhiza longistylis Veronica Americana
O. obtusa Galium Vaillantii
Ligusticum Porteri G. boreale
Heracleum lanatum G. flaviflorum
Steironema ciliatum Viburnum Lentago
Collomia linearis Ambrosia trifida
Hydrophyllum Fendleri Eupatorium maculatum
Macrocalyx Nyctelea
C. SUBMONTANAE
The Foot-hill Flora covers not only the true foot-hills of
the sandstone crags, but also the lower part of the mountain
plateau. The flora is rich but monotonous. In most places the
vegetation is thin; it is mainly a forest, but the trees are
strewn but sparsely over the steep slopes. The amount of
naked rock is very great. The altitude ranges from 5,800 to
8,600 feet. Some of the main streams, such as Boulder creek,
have cut down to about 5,500 feet. Directly west of Boulder,
and lying between Boulder and Gregory Canons, is Flagstaff
Hill with an altitude of about 6,500 feet. Southwest of Boulder
is Green Mountain, lying between Gregory and Bear Canons
and having an altitude of 8,100 feet. South of Green Moun-
tain is Bear Mountain, which attains a height of 8,600 feet,
and is the loftiest peak in the first range of foot-hills in the
vicinity of Boulder.
The Foot-hill Flora merges rather abruptly into that of the
mesas at the foot of the crags, and melts insensibly into the
Subalpine Flora as it approaches the Main Range. It reaches
its maximum development between an altitude of 6,500 and
24 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l/2
7,000 feet. Below 6,500 feet there occur still many species be-
longing to the Great Plains ; above 7,000 feet there is a rapid
thinning out of species, and subalpine species become occas-
ional, although it is not rare for such species in cold situations
to go down to the 6,000 foot level. Yet at the summit of
Green Mountain (8,100 feet) I found the flora still consisting in
the main of the genuine foot-hill species. The Foot-hill Flora
may be gathered into four main societies: a. The wooded
slope (Sylvestres). b. The foot-hill meadow (Pratenses).
c. The foot-hill canon (Vallicolae). d. The crevice and
cranny vegetation of the rocks (Rimosae).
a. Sylvestres.* The wooded slope society consists quite
purely of bull pine and Douglas spruce, with now and then
a few trees of other species of pine, and spruce, and fir. The
trees stand usually at wide intervals, oftenest in rows, where
some fault in the rock enables them to get a secure foothold.
Occasionally on the north slopes, which are moister than any
other, the trees stand in such close formation that it is almost
impossible to make one's way through them. Ordinarily it is
the Douglas spruce that behaves in this way, since the bull
pine prefers a more open formation. Often two rather dis-
*Young (Bot. Gaz. 44. 321-352) finds the following forest associa-
tions about Boulder: i. Populus occidentalis — Salix fluviatilis, riparian
upon the plains, but extending somewhat up the canons. 2. Populus
angustifolia — Salix Nuttallii, riparian in the foothills. 3. Pinus scop u
lorum, sylvan on the dry slopes of the foothills. 4. Pinus Murrayana,
sylvan on the dry mountain sides. 5. Apinus flexilis, dry mountain
slopes up to timber line. 6. Pseudotsuga — Picea Engelmanni, lower
canons (submontane and montane). 7. Picea Engelmanni — Abies
lasiocarpa, upper canons (high montane and subalpine to timber line).
8. Aspen society, throughout (north slopes at low altitudes, all slopes
higher altitudes).
173]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
tinct forms of forest are discernible, the one of bull pine, the
other of Douglas spruce; at other times the two are mixed.
The Douglas spruce is at its best in moist ravines, and ascends
to timber-line on the mountains, while the bull pine seldom gets
above 9,000 feet. The following are characteristic species :
Botrychium Virginianum Atragene occidentalis
Pteridium aquilinum
pubescens
Pinus scopulorum
P. Murrayana (rare)
Apinus flexilis (rare)
Picea Parryana
Pseudotsuga mucronata
Oryzopsis micrantha
Muhlenbergia gracilis
Melica bella
Carex Deweyana
Toxicoscordion falcatum
Vagnera racemosa
V. amplexicaulis
Piperia Unalaschensis
Peramium ophioides
Populus tremuloides
Betula papyri f era
Andrewsii
Chenopodium Fremontii
Blitum capitatum
Actaea arguta
A. arguta eburnea
Aquilegia coerulea (rare)
Anemone globosa
Ranunculus abortivus
R. micrantha
Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina
Odostemon repens
Erysimum Cockerellianum
Bosseckia parviflora
Oreobatus deliciosus
Batidaea laetissima
Potentilla Hippiana
Amelanchier oreophila
Sorbus scopulina (rare)
Thermopsis divaricarpa
T. pinetorum
Tium alpinum
Homalobus tenella
H. decumbens
Lathyrus leucanthus
Xanthoxalis stricta
Ceanothus velutinus
Viola vallicola
V. Canadensis Rydbergii
Lepargyraea Canadensis
Chamaenerion angustifolium
Harbouria trachypleura
26
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[174
Aletes obovata
A. acaulis
Ligusticum Ported
Cogswellia Grayi
Pterospora Andromedea
Chimaphila umbellata
Pyrola secunda
P. uliginosa
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi
Frasera stenosepala
Apocynum scopulorum
Phlox depressa
Lappula floribunda
L. angustata
Scutellaria Brittoni
Dracocephalum parviflorum
Prunella vulgaris
Monarda menthae folia
M. mollis
Scrophularia occidentalis
Pentstemon oreophilus
P. alpinus
P. humilis
Castilleja linariae folia
C. cognata
C. integra
C. confusa
Galium boreale
G. triflorum
Sambucus microbotrys
Linnaea Americana
Symphoricarpos occidentalis
Campanula petiolata
Specularia perfoliata
Laciniaria ligulistylis
Oreochrysum Parryi
Solidago oreophila
S. viscidula
S. radulina
S. trinervata
Bucephalus glaucus
Aster polycephalus
A. laevis
A. Porteri
Machaeranthera Bigelovii
M. aspera
Erigeron salicinus
E. macranthus
Antennaria oxyphylla
Anaphalis subalpina
Gnaphalium Wrightii
Rudbeckia flava
Achillaea lanulosa
Arnica cordi folia
Senecio salicinus
S. Nelsonii
S. Fendleri
Cirsium Americanum
C. erosum
Crepis petiolata
C. angustata
Hieracium albiflorum
H. Fendleri
Agoseris rostrata
175] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 27
b. Pratenses. The foot-hill meadow is not very unlike
the mesa meadow ; the species are in part the same, but there
is no sharp line between the flora of the foot-hill forest and the
foot-hill meadow, on account of the openness -of the former.
Only where the forest is dense enough to have a truly sylvan
floor, are the light-loving plants absent. The foot-hill meadow
society includes various grasses and certain herbs, such as
painted-cups, fleabanes, Mariposa lilies, anemones, gaillardias,
and the like. The following are the characteristic grasses and
sedges :
Stipa comata B. Pumpellianus
S. viridula Agropyron Vaseyi
S. Nelsonii A. Richardsoni
S. Scribneri A. violaceum
Calamagrostis purpurascens A. pseudorepens
Koeleria cristata Elymus ambiguus
Poa platyphylla E. strigosus
P. crocata E. villiflorus
P. longiligula Carex marcida
P. longipedunculata C. Douglasii
Festuca brachyphylla C. festiva
F. confinis C. petasata
Bromus lanatipes C. pratensis
B. Richardsonii C. siccata
c. Vallicolae. The foot-hill canon society consists of
dense thickets of hazel, dwarf birch, willows, dogwoods, al-
ders, and the like. About springs and along small rills is
found a brief fontinal vegetation, the most delicate of all the
plant-groups — mosses, liverworts, ferns, tway-blades, adder's-
mouths, twisted-stalks, mountain lilies, shooting stars, cresses,
sedges, and bog-orchids. The foot-hill canon flora differs from
28
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
I76
the mesa canon principally in the absence of the chaparral ele-
ment, the haws and wild plums being absent. Most of the re-
maining shrubs and arborescent plants are identical — the
dwarf maple, the birch, the dogwood, the beaked hazel, the
wild cherries, and the cottonwoods. The following are the
chief species:
Equisetum laevigatum
Cinna lati folia
Avena striata
Eatonia Pennsylvanica
Poa triflora
Panicularia nervata
P. Holmii
Carex tenella
C. Hoodii
C. festiva
C. aurea
Juncus Balticus montanus
Juncoides parviflorum
Allium Geyeri
A. reticulatum
Lilium Philadelphicum
montanum
Vagnera stellata
Streptopus amplexifolius
Disporum ma jus
Limnorchis viridiflora
L. laxiflora
Ibidium Romanzoffianum
strictum
Ophrys borealis
Acroanthes monophylla
Populus Sargentii
P. angustifolia
Salix caudata
S. perrostrata
S. Bebbiana
Betula fontinalis
Alnus tenui folia
Corylus rostrata
Crunocallis Chamissoi
Clematis ligusticifolia
Ranunculus reptans
R. abortivus
Thalictrum Fendleri
Thlaspi Nuttallii
T. Coloradense
Draba streptocarpa
Ribes Purpusi
Opulaster intermedius
O. Ramaleyi
O. glabratus
O. monogynus
Rubus triflorus
Fragaria bracteata
Geum strictum
G. Oregonense
Rosa Macounii
177]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
29
R. Fendleri
R. aciculata
R. Maximiliani
Prunus Pennsylvanica
P. melanocarpa
Geranium Richardsonii
Acer glabrum
Epilobium adenocaulon
Circaea alpina
Aralia nudicaulis
Svida stolonifera
Heracleum lanatum
Angelica ampla
Dodecatheon radicatum
D. sinuatum
Mertensia pimctata
M. viridula
M. lanceolata
Collinsia tenella
Mimulus floribundus
Veronica Americana
Distegia involucrata
Adoxa Moschatellina
Solidago Pitcheri
S. polyphylla
Gymnolomia multiflora
Rudbeckia laciniata
Bahia dissecta
Senecio hydrophyllus
S. perplexus
Amarella scopulorum
d. Rimosae. The crevice and cranny vegetation of the
rocks consists of lichens, rupestrine ferns, alum roots, orpines,
selaginellas, and many shrubs, such as the Jamesia, the wax-
currant, juneberries, flowering raspberries, salmonberries,
roses, and gooseberries. The Rocky Mountain red cedar
stands often in grotesquely gnarled and twisted forms at
the verges of the crags. It mav be remarked that this flora
is of prime importance, since so large a portion of the region
consists of naked rock. In fact the foot-hill flora in general
is more or less rupestrine in character. There is gathered here
only the strictly rock-loving vegetation. These are typical
species :
Polypodium hesperium W. oregana
Dryopteris Filix-mas Filix fragilis
Woodsia scopulina Cryptogramma acrostichoides
3O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [178
Cheilanthes Feei Edwinia Americana
C. Fendleri Ribes Purpusi
Asplenium Trichomanes R. pumilum
A. Andrewsii Oreobatus deliciosus
Belvisia septentrionalis Rosa melina
Selaginella Underwoodii Amelanchier oreophila
Sabina scopulorum Xylophacos Parryi
Parietaria Pennsylvanica Androsace puberulenta
Talinum parviflorum A. pinetorum
Physaria didymocarpa Coleosanthus minor
P. floribunda C. albicaulis
Sedum stenopetalum Chrysopsis caudata
Heuchera bracteata Senecio Nelsonii
Micranthes rhomboidea S. longipetiolatus
D. MONTANAE
The Montane Flora begins at about the 8,000 foot levelr
though, as we have seen, on the isolated peaks of the first
range of foot-hills the Foot-hill Flora still largely persists even
to the summits, or some 600 feet higher. The Montane Flora
extends upward to the approximate altitude of 10,000 feet.
It is for the most part a forest of lodgepole pine. The zone
includes the slopes of the main range below 10,000 feet, and
also the higher portions of the adjacent mountain plateau.
Some of its characteristic species, indeed, tend to spread
throughout the mountain plateau, and in cold valleys may
even go as low as 6,000 feet. The montane as also the
subalpine slopes have abundant rainfall, showers occur-
ring nearly every afternoon. At least this was true of the sum-
mer of 1906. The ground is often boggy and springy, and
cold with snow water. On north and east slopes the snow
remains in the higher and deeper valleys till midsummer;
179] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 31
hence the flowering season is short. In a period of about six
weeks, from the middle of July to the first of September, the
main part of the vegetation in these cool valleys is brought to
perfection. Species, which on the mesas had bloomed before
my arrival on the eighteenth of June, I found just in blossom
at Eldora on the mountainsides August thirty-first.
I saw too little of the Montane Flora, since I spent only
six days in collections, where it occurs, to be able to separate
it definitely into plant-societies. But the chief types as I saw it
at Ward, Eldora, and Glacier lake, will be briefly described.
In the Montane Subzone there are, perhaps, six tolerably
distinct types of vegetation-association: a. The montane
forest (Sylvales). b. The montane bog (Paludosae). c.
The montane lake (Lacustres). d. The arid brush slope
(Arbustales). e. The montane meadow (Pratenses). f.
The montane stream (Amnicolae).
a. Sylvales. The montane sylva consists of a close for-
est of lodgepole pine interspersed with some bull pine and
Rocky Mountain white pine, as well as with the various
spruces and firs. The spruces and firs occur principally in the
valleys, while on the barren ridges, the pines assume a scrub-
like form. On these ridges occur many peculiar species of
dwarf herbs — golden rods, asters, fleabanes, cat's-feet, actin-
ellas, groundsels. A few of the more characteristic species of
the montane sylva are the following :
Pinus scopulorum Pseudotsuga mucronata
P. Murrayana Abies lasiocarpa
Apinus flexilis Calamagrostis purpurascens
Picea Engelmanni Trisetum subspicatum
P. Parryana Avena striata
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
[180
Poa longipedunculata
Agropyron Arizonicum
A. andinum
A. violaceum
Carex Geyeri
Cytherea bulbosa
Populus tremuloides
Aquilegia coerulea
Delphinium occidentalis
Erysimum Cockerellianum
Draba streptocarpa
D. aurea
Ribes lentum
Potentilla concinna
Fragaria glauca
Thermopsis divaricarpa
Tium alpinum
Atelophragma elegans
Aragallus deflexus
Conioselinum scopulorum
Eutoca sericea
Pentstemon oreophilus
P. alpinus
Castilleja integra
C. confusa
C. lauta
C. land folia
C. sulphurea
Pedicularis racemosa
P. Grayi
Symphoricarpos oreophilus
Chrysopsis Bakeri
Oreochrysum Parryi
Solidago decumbens
S. oreophila
Bucephalus Engelmannii
Aster Underwoodii
A. Porteri
A. Andrewsii
Erigeron multifidus
E. trifidus
E. glandulosus
E. superbus
E. macranthus
E. speciosus
E. subtrinervis
E. eximius
Antennaria concinna
A. parvifolia
A. aprica
Anaphalis subalpina
Tetraneuris lanigera
Artemisia silvicola
Senecio pudicus
S. lanatifolius
S. ambrosioides
Cirsium Coloradense
Hieracium albiflorum
Agoseris Leontodon
A. humilis
b. Paludosae. The montane bog is characterized by
the presence of the quaking aspen and other Hudsonian plants.
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
33
The aspen, however, is not confined to the bogs, but forms
groves in slight depressions throughout the mountains, and oc-
curs on Green Mountain not much, if any, above 6,000 feet.
The aspen occurs in the drier portions of the bogs along with
other uliginose plants. The bog vegetation is very rich in
species. A fine specimen of the montane bog is found just
west of Eldora at an elevation of 8,600 feet. The following
are characteristic species :
Muhlenbergia simplex
M. filiformis
Phleum alpinum
Cinna latifolia
Trisetum montanum
T. subspicatum
Merathrepta intermedia
Poa reflexa
P. Vaseyana
Carex canescens
C. occidentalis
C. ebenea
C. Goodenovii
C. utriculata
Juncus Saximontanus
Juncoides parviflorum
Limnorchis stricta
L. borealis
Ibidium strictum
Populus tremuloides
Salix Scouleriana
S. brachycarpa
S. glaucops
S. chlorophylla
Betula glandulosa
Rumex densiflorus
Polygonum confertiflorum
Alsine longi folia
Aconitum Columbianum
A. insigne
A. ochroleucum
Ranunculus cardiophyllus
R. inamoenus
R. micropetalus
R. pedatifidus
Pectianthia pentandra
Micranthes arguta
Parnassia fimbriata
Dasiphora fruticosa
Sidalcea Candida
Viola palustris
V. pallens
Epilobium adenocaulon
E. rubescens
E. anagallidi folium
Oxypolis Fendleri
Dodecatheon philoscia
Anthopogon barbellatus
34 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l&s!
Amarella plebeja E. jucundus
Pleurogyne fontana Gnaphalium palustre
Allocarya scopulorum Artemisia biennis
Mimulus puberulus Senecio triangularis
Veronica Wormskjoldii S. admirabilis
Elephantella Groenlandica S. cymbalarioides
Erigeron minor Crepis denticulata
E. lonchophyllus
c. Lacustres.* The montane lacustrine and .-marginal
vegetation I saw only at Glacier lake. Besides some aquatic
grasses, notably Des • champ sia caespitosa, there occur the float-
ing bur-reed, Sparganium angustifolium, the white water-
crowfoot, Batrachium flaccidum, and the aquatic mudwort,
Limosella aquatica. The yellow pond-lily, Nymphaea poly-
sepala, grows also in some of these high lakes.
d. Arbustales. The arid brush slope vegetation consists
quite wholly of the true sage-brush, Artemisia tridentata. This
community is rare in the region, and I have seen it only be-
tween Glacier lake and Eldora near Bluebird mine.
e. Pratenses. The montane meadow is truly a paradise
of flowers. It is not uncommon to see acre upon acre of
meadow glorious with purple and blue and red and yellow and
white and scarlet. Never have I seen flowers anywhere else
in such profusion nor with such gorgeous hues — monkshoods,
larkspurs, louseworts, milk-vetches, locoweeds, squawweeds,
death-camasses, grasses, rushes, sedges, and blue-eyed grasses.
The following species are typical:
*For a detailed account of the vegetation of these high lakes, con-
sult the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock lake near Ward
(Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6. 133-168).
183]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
35
Muhlenbergia Richardsonis Anemone globosa
M. simplex
Phleum alpinum
Agrostis asperifolia
Deschampsia caespitosa
Poa pratensis
P. reflexa
P. leptocoma
P. interior
P. Vaseyana
Festuca rubra
Carex occidentals
C. Hoodii
C.. f estiva
C. ebenea
C. petasata
C. lanuginosa
Anticlea Coloradensis
Juncus longistylis
J. parous
J. Saximontanus
Sisyrinchium alpestre
S. angusti folium
Delphinium occidentale
Aconitum porrectum
A. Columbianum
A. insigne
A. ochroleucum
Clementsia rhodantha
Potentilla pulcherrima
P. Hippiana
P. propinqua
Dasiphora fruticosa
Geum Oregonense
Erythrocoma ciliata
Tium alpinum
Homalobus tenellus
Aragallus Lambertii
A. patens
A. Richardsonii
Geranium Richardsonii
Sidalcea Candida
Dodecatheon radicatum
Castilleja sulphurea
Elephantella Groenlandica
Pedicularis Grayi
Valeriana ceratophylla
Erigeron Smithii
Arnica subplumosa
Senecio scopulinus
S. chloranthus
S. pseudaureus
Agoseris parviflora
A. laciniata
A. humilis
There is, of course, a montane rupestrine society,
Rupestres, but I am too little acquainted with it to be
able to give an adequate account of it. I, however, noted the
36 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [184
austromontane saxifrage, Leptasea austromontana, and the
glandular phacelia, Phacelia glandulosa. There is also a brief
campestrian vegetation about Eldora, reproducing, in other
species, the facies of the Great Plains, Campestres;
I may instance as species : Grindelia subalpina, G. Eldorae,
Chrysothamnus Parryi, and C. elegans.
f. Amnicolae. The montane stream vegetation is seen
at its best about small rills. Along the larger streams it as-
sumes a typical riparian aspect, much like that of the canon
society of the foot-hills along the large streams. Since the'
water in these streams is very cold inasmuch as they are fed
from the wasting snows of the alpine valleys, the montane
vegetation can scarcely be distinguished from the true sub-
alpine vegetation of the streams. The list of species will,
therefore, be deferred until the subalpine stream vegetation
is reached.
E. SUBALPESTBES
The Subalpine zone extends from about the 10000 foot
level to timberline, and hence coincides with the upper slopes
of the Main Range. It is in the main a forest of Engelmann
spruce, with occasional high meadows and bogs. Lakes, too,
are numerous.
I have personal knowledge of only two formations: a.
The subalpine forest (Sylvales). b. The subalpine stream
(Amnicolae).
a. Ses. Ival. The subalpine forest consists mainly of
Engelmann spruce, Picea Engelmanni, and balsam fir, Abies
lasiocarpa. I have but a very slight knowledge of the herbs
characterizing this formation, but I noticed along the Arapahoe
Trail the following species, which I had not seen in the mon-
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
37
tane forest : Eriogonum subalpinum, Arnica Parryi, and Sene-
cio atratus. A large number of the montane sylvan species
were observed.
b. Amnicolae. The subalpine stream vegetation is very
luxuriant. It has on the one hand a very close affinity with
the montane stream vegetation, and on the other with that of
the wet alpine tundra. Not only does the snow linger late in
these high valleys, the water of the streams is also very cold.
In the list that follows the montane species are included as
well:
Poa platyphylla
P. alpina
Carex Goodenovii
Populus balsamifera
P. angusti folia
Salix caudata
S. Scouleriana
Betula fontinalis
Alnus tenui folia
Bistorta bistortioides
Alsine Baicalensis
Caltha leptosepala
Trollius albiflorus
Anemone Canadensis
Ranunculus reptans
R. inamoenus
R. micropetalus
Cardamine cordi folia
C. incana
Clementsia rhodantha
Pectianthia pentandra
Micranthes arguta
Parnassia fimbriata
Sidalcea Candida
Oxypolis Fendleri
Primula Parryi
Swertia palustris
Polemonium robustum
Mertensia polyphylla
Mimulus Langsdorfii
M. puberulus
Helianthella quinquenervis
Senecio triangularis
I am almost wholly unacquainted with the remaining sub-
alpine formations, such as the lacustrine, palustrous, rupes-
trine, the subalpine summit and high ridge floras. I saw a
38 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l86
little of these at Ward and on the high slopes above Bloomer-
ville, and on Arapahoe Peak just below timberline, but I am
unable to give any clear account of the vegetation.*
F. ALPESTBESf
Between 11,000 and 12,000 feet' tree-growth ceases ab-
ruptly. The spruces and firs bend and hug the ground. The
willows branch and fork underground and rise to the height
of but a few inches. The precise altitude of the timberline
depends somewhat on the exposure, and differs, therefore,
from peak to peak, but 11,500 feet is, perhaps, on an average
the lower limit of the alpine zone. I am acquainted with this
zone only on Arapahoe Peak, where I spent one day, Septem-
ber first, and collected some no species, most of them above
timberline. The total number of species known to reach an
altitude of 12,000 feet, or above, in Colorado is 386.*
The alpine flora may be conveniently gathered into two
societies : a. The wet alpine tundra (Tundrales). b. The
dry rock-desert (Alpinae) of the summits.
a. Tundrales. The wet tundra occupies the region of
cold water-soaked soil. The water from the wasting snows
collects in depressions, streams are formed, and along these the
*I refer the reader to the excellent paper on Redrock lake near
Ward, by Ramaley and Robbins (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168).
t Consult for the Alpine Flora Cooper's Alpine vegetation in the vi-
cinity of Long's Peak, Colorado (Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337). He recog-
nizes three plant formations: i. The dry meadow. 2. The wet mead-
ow. 3. The Krummholtz. The latter, while striking enough, is rather
but the upper level of the spruce forest, striving to persist in Alpine con-
ditions.
JFor a list of these see the article by Cockerell on the Alpine Flora
of Colorado (Am. Nat., 40, 86-873).
i87]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
39
vegetation clings. Often the streams flow concealed under the
dwarf spruces and firs, their existence there being known
only by their roaring underneath. Parry's primrose, saxi-
frages, globeflowers, white cowslips, gentians, red elephants,
several sedges, grasses, and rushes are examples of the wet
tundra vegetation. The Krummholtz of spruce and fir at the
timberline consists chiefly of Engelmann spruce, Picea Engel-
manni, and balsam fir, Abies lasiocarpa. The wet tundra con-
tinues down to the lower edge of the alpine zone, whence it de-
scends and coalesces with the subalpine stream vegetation.
The following are characteristic species :
Lycopodium annotinum Trollius albiflorus
Picea Engelmanni
Abies lasiocarpa
Alopecurus occidentalis
Trisetum ma jus
Poa reflexa
P. leptocoma
P. alpicola
P. alpina
Carex festiva
C. ebenea
C. bella
Juncus Drummondii
Juncoides spicatum
Salix glaucops
S. chlorophylla
Bistorta bistortioides
B. vivipara
Alsine Baicalensis
Caltha leptosepala
Ranunculus pedatifidus
R. alpeophilus
Thlaspi Coloradense
Draba Fladnizensis
Clementsia rhodantha
Pectianthia pentandra
Saxifraga debilis
Micranthes arguta
Viola Canadensis Neo-
Mexicani
Angelica Grayi
Pseudocymopterus
tenuifolius
Kalmia microphylla
Primula Parryi
Androsace subumbellata
A. diffusa
Anthopogon elegans
A. barbellatus
40 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l88
Amarella monantha Erigeron jucundus
A. plebeja Holmii E. salsuginosus
Swertia palustris E. superbus
Mertensia polyphylla Senecio carthamoides
Veronica Wormskjoldia S. blitoides
Castilleja Arapahoensis S. pseudaureus
Elephantella Groenlandica Hieracium gracile
Pedicularis Parryi
b. Alpinae. The dry rock-desert lies mingled with or
above the wet tundra and extends to the summit, wherever there
is soil not covered with snow. The vegetation suffers from ex-
treme exposure, and grows close to the ground, seldom, unless
sheltered by rocks, rising more than an inch or two in height.
In sheltered places under rocks, even at this extreme altitude,
I found several beautiful clusters of the blue columbine, the
state flower of Colorado, with stems twelve to eighteen inches
high, and with blossoms two inches across. The wooly-headed
thistle, too, was found of the same height. But in general
the vegetation is much dwarfed. Next to the wet tundra the
Krummholtz of spruce and fir still persists, under which I
detected some fine specimens of club-moss; but farther up
there is no shrubby vegetation except the underground wil-
lows. The vegetation grows in little rounded tussocks, and
consists of the alpine catch-fly, rock-primrose scarcely half
an inch high, sibbaldia, dryas, alpine clovers, dwarf sedges,
grasses, and rushes, and, last of all, the little yellow saxi-
frages and the snowflowers, which are often blossoming at the
snow-line. Now and then on the high exposed ridges the
beautiful rydbergia rises five or six inches above the mountain
turf, its stems and leaves and large yellow flowers swathed
in dense wool. For what must be the tribulations of this
i89]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
alpine vegetation at the line of perpetual snow, with the alter-
nate freezing by night and thawing by day, with the keen light,
and bleak winds, and the fierce fury of the storms? And yet
the alpine flora is exquisitely beautiful. It shares the fascina-
tion of its sublime mountain home, to which it lends the only
touch of delicate grace. I append a list of alpine summit
species, most of which I found on Arapahoe Peak or are known
to grow there:
Trisetum subspicatum
Poa crocata
P. rupicola
P. Pattersonii
P. longipedunculata
Festuca brachyphylla
F. minutiflora
Agropyron violaceum
Carex incurva
C. atrata
C. chalciolepis
C. rigida
C. chimaphila
C. nigricans
C. Pyrenaica
C. rupestris
C. obtusata
C. capillaris
Juncus triglumis
J. castaneus
Allium Pikeanum
Erythronium parviflorum
Lloydia serotina
Salix pseudolapponicum
S. petrophila
S. Saximontana
Monolepis Nuttalliana
Oxyria digyna
Paronychia pulvinata
Claytonia megarrhiza
Oreobroma pygmaea
Arenaria Tweedyi
A. Fendleri
Alsinopsis propinqua
A. obtusiloba
Silene acaulis
Aquilegia coerulea
Ranunculus adoneus
Thlaspi Nuttallii
T. purpurascens
Erysimum nivale
E. Cockerellianum
Draba crassifolia
D. cana
D. streptocarpa
D. luteola
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
IQO
D. aureiformis
D. aurea
D. decumbens
Sedum stenopetalum
Heuchera Hallii
H. parvifolia
Micranthes rhomboidea
Leptasea chrysantha
L. austromontana
L. flagellaris
Potentilla dissecta
Sibbaldia procumbens
Erythrocoma ciliata
Acomastylis turbinata
A. Arapahoensis
Dryas octopetala
Amelanchier polycarpa
Tri folium lividum
T. dasyphyllum
Epilobium anagallidi folium
Vaccinium scoparium
Primula angusti folia
P. Parryi
Dasystephana Romanzovii
D. Parryi
Polemonium scopulinum
P. delicatum
P. Brandegeei
Eutoca sericea
Mertensia alpina
M. perplexa
Pentstemon glaucus
stenosepalus
Chionophila Jamesii
'Besseya alpina
Castilleja occidentalis
Pedicularis scopulorum
Campanula uniflora
Tonestus pygmaeus
Solidago decumbens
Erigeron pinnatisectus
E. multifidus
E. melanocephalus
E. simplex
E. leucotrichus
Antennaria media
A. umbrinella
A. imbricata
A. corymbosa
A. aprica
A. anaphaloides
Tetraneuris lanigera
Rydbergia grandiflora
Artemisia spithamea
Arnica platyphylla
A. Parryi
Senecio crassulus
S. atratus
S. crocatus
Cirsium scopulorum
C. griseum
Crepis alpicola
191] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 43
IV. SPECIAL GLASSES OF PLANTS
Independent of the five great zones of vegetation are two
special classes of plants: A. The saprophytic and parasi-
tic plants (SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITI-
CALES). B. The plants which largely owe their presence to
human agency (ANTHROPOPHYTICALES). These
consist of the various cultural plants, of weeds, and of es-
capes.
A. SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITICALES
Besides the saprophytic and parasitic fungi there are a
few phanerogams, which are destitute of chlorophyl and are
true saprophytes or parasites. The following are known to
occur in the region :
Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza (saprophytic in rich soil)
C. multiflora (saprophytic in rich soil)
Razoumofskya Americana (parasitic on lodgepole pine)
R. cryptopoda (parasitic on bull pine)
Pterospora Andromedea (parasitic on the roots of bull
pine)
Cuscuta curta (parasitic on Iva xanthifolia and other
coarse herbs)
C. indecora (parasitic on Thermopsis pinetorum and other
legumes)
Thalesia fasciculata (parasitic on Artemisia frigida and
other Composites)
There are also a few root-parasites with green foliage,
notably Comandra pallida, Gerardia Besseyana, and the Cas-
tillejas.
B. ANTHROPOPHYTICALES
Only three kinds of anthropophytic plants need concern
us here : a. Forage plants (Faenales), which have become
44 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [192
thoroughly naturalized, b. Weeds (Ruderales). c. Cul-
tural and ornamental plants that have escaped (Fugitivae).
a. Faenales. Most of the common forage grasses and
clovers have become thoroughly established about Boulder.
I have noted the following:
Phleum pratense Festuca elatior
Agrostis alba Lolium Italicum
Dactylis glomerata Tri folium pratense
Poa pratensis T. repens
P. compressa T. hybridum
P. trivialis Medica sativa
b. Ruderales. In the appended list of weeds only those
that have been introduced from elsewhere, or, if native, are
also common weeds in many parts of the United States, have
been included. However, many native species, such as the
various gum-weeds and spurges, must often be bad weeds in
cultivated grounds. But to do justice to the ruderal aspects
of the native flora would require much special study, such as
one is unable to make in the course of a few weeks, and es-
pecially one who is unfamiliar with agriculture as carried on
in Colorado. I noted the following weeds :
Syntherisma sanguinale B. secalinus
Panicum capillare B. hordeaceus
Echinochloa Crus-galli B. tectorum
Chaetochloa glauca Rumex Acetosella
C. viridis R. crispus
Cenchrus Carolinianus R. obtusifolius
Avena fatua Polygonum erectum
Eragrostis major P. aviculare
Poa annua Persicaria Persicaria
Bromus brizaeformis Tiniaria Convolvulus
193]
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
45
Chenopodium leptophyllum
C. album
C. hybridum
C. Botrys
Salsola Tragus
Amaranthus retroflexus
A. blitoides
A. graecizens
Mollugo verticillata
Portulaca oleracea
P. retusa
Alsine media
Silene antirrhina
S. noctiflora
Vaccaria Vaccaria
Thlaspi arvense
Bursa Bursa-pastoris
Sisymbrium officinale
Brassica juncea
B. nigra
Camelina sativa
Tridophyllum Monspeliensis
Medicago Lupulina
Melilotus alba
M. officinale
Erodium cicutarium
Malva rotundi folia
Pastinaca sativa
Convolvulus arvensis
Nepeta Cataria
Glecoma hederacea
Leonurus Cardiaca
Mentha spicata
Physalis Virginiana
P. heterophylla
Datura Stramonium
D. Tatula
Verbascum Thapsus
V. Blattaria
Veronica serpyllifolia
V. Byzantina
Plantago major
P. lanceolata
Micrampelis lobata
Iva xanthi folia
I. axillaris
Ambrosia trifida
A. artemisifolia
A. psilostachya
Xanthium commune
Erigeron ramosus
Leptilon Canadense
Helianthus petiolaris
Bidens vulgata
Boebera papposa
Anthemis Cotula
Tragopogon pratensis
T. porrifolius
Cichorium Intybus
Taraxacum Taraxacum
Lactuca integrata
Sonchus arvense
S. asper
46 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [194
c. Fugitivae. I noted the following escapes:
Chaetochloa Italica Brassica campestris
Avena sativa Koniga maritima
Triticum vulgare Raphanus sativus
Hordeum sativum Ribes vulgare
hexastichon Althaea rosea
Asparagus officinale Carum Carvi
Atriplex hortensis Pharbitis purpurea
Saponaria officinalis Lycopsis arvensis
Delphinium Ajacis Lycium vulgare
Papaver Argemone Lycopersicon Lycopersicon
Armoracia Armoracia
V. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76, 1908.
Clements, Frederic E. Formation and succession herbaria.
Univ. of Neb. Studies, 4, 329-355.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat,
40, 861-873.
Cooper, William S. Alpine vegetation in the vicinity of Long's
Peak, Colorado. Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337.
Dodds, Gideon S. Students of mesa and foothill vegetation, I.
1. Geology and physiography of the mesas. Univ. of Colo. Studies,
6, 11-19.
Ramaley, Francis. Botanical opportunity in Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 5-10.
Ramaley, Francis. Botany of northeastern Larimer /County,
Colo. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 119-131.
Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185.
Ramaley, Francis. Remarks on some Northern Colorado plant
communities with special reference to Boulder Park (Tolland, Col-
orado). Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 223-236.
Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, I. Trees of the Pine
family in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 109-122.
Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, II. The poplars,
aspens, and cottonwoods. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 187-197.
Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, 888. Woody plants
of Boulder County. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 47-63.
Ramaley, Francis. Studies of mesa and foothill vegetation,
I. 2. Climatology of the mesas near B'oulder. Univ. of Colo. Stud-
ies, 6, 19-31.
Ramaley, Francis. The University of Colorado mountain lab-
oratory. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 91-95.
195] 47
48 BIBLIOGRAPHY [ 196
Bamaley, Francis, and Bobbins, W. W. Ecological notes from
North-Central Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 111-117.
Ramaley, Panels, and Bobbins, W. W. Studies in lake and
streamside vegetation, I. Redrock lake near Ward, Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168.
Bobbins, W. W. Climatology and vegetation in Colorado. Bot.
Gaz., 49, 256-280.
Bobbins, W. W. Studies in mesa and foothill vegetation, I. 4.
Distribution of deciduous trees and shrubs on the mesas. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 36-49.
Bobbins, W. W., and Dodds, G. S. Studies in mesna and foot-
hill vegitation, I. 3. Distribution of conifers os the mesas. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 31-36.
Shantz, H. L. A biological study of the lakes of the Pike's
Peak region. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc., 27, 75-98.
Shantz, H. L. A study of the vegetation of the mesa region
east of Pike's Peak. Bot. Gaz. 42, 16-47; 179-207.
Young, R. T. Forest formations of Boulder County, Colorado.
Bot. Gaz. 44, 321-352.
FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO,
AND VICINITY
Subkingdom L PTERIDOPHYTA. Fern-worts,
Order i. OPHIOGLOSSALES.
Family i. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Adder's-tongue
family.
1. BOTRYCHIUM Swartz. MOON WORT.
1. B. Virginiannm (L.) Swartz. VIRGINIA GRAPE-FERN.
Forested slopes of Green Mt., above 7000 ft.; very scarce,
only two or three plants discovered (Daniels, 606).*
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and
WASHINGTON.
Order 2. FILICALES.
Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Polypody family.
2. POLYPODIUM L. POLYPODY.
2. P. hesperium Maxon. WESTERN POLYPODY.
On a single rock in a canon on the north slope of Green
Mt., 7500 ft. (Daniels, 605).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and WASHINGTON; COLO-
RADO to ARIZONA.
3. DRYOPTEKIS Adans. SHIELD-FERN.
3. D. Filix-mas (L.) Schott [Aspidium Filix-mas (L.)
Swartz]. MALE-FERN.
Summit of South Boulder Peak; Bear Canon; high canons
of Green Mt. ; Boulder Canon near Falls; apparently quite
* See preface for explanation of numbers.
197] 49
5O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [198
evenly, but not abundantly distributed throughout in moist
rocky canons, 6000-8600 ft. (Daniels, 555).
NOVA SCOTIA and MICHIGAN to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO and
COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
4. WOQDSIA R. Br.
4. W. scopulina D. C. Eaton. CLIFF WOODSIA.
The most abundant fern of the foot-hills and lower moun-
tainsides, occurring wherever rocks are exposed to the sur-
face, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 156).
MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and ARIZONA
to CALIFORNIA.
5. W. Oregana D. C. Eaton. MOUNTAIN WOODSIA.
With the preceding, but much scarcer, and ranging to the
timberlme or above, 5600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 361). Long's
Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and ARIZONA
to CALIFORNIA.
5. FILIX Adans. BLADDER-FERN.
6. F. fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.].
FRAGILE-FERN.
Throughout on the moister rocks; apparently the only
fern of the plains region, 5100-13000 ft. (Daniels, 23).
Almost cosmopolitan.
6. PTERIDIUM Scop. BRACKEN.
7. P. aquilinum pubescens Underw. HAIRY BRAKE.
Canons of Green Mt., and gulches at the foot of the Flat-
irons; Bear Canon; local, but abundant where found, 5800-
IOOOO ft. (Daniels, 277).
MONTANA and COLORADO to ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA.
7. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. PARSLEY-FERN.
8. C. aerostichoides R. Br. ROCK PARSLEY-FERN.
High ridges of rock, descending on Green Mt. to about
6500 ft., thence to above HOOO ft. (Daniels, 271).
MICHIGAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
199] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5 1
8. CHEILANTHES Swartz. LIP-FERN.
9. C. Feei Moore [C. gracilis Mett. ; C. lanuginosa Nutt.].
WOOLLY LIP-FERN.
Growing with Asplenium Andrewsii A. Nelson on the south
face of a white sandstone (alkaline) cliff extending along
Boulder creek for a mile or more (Andrews, in Nelson, Proc.
of the Biol. Soc. of Wash., 17, 175).
ILLINOIS and MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI
to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
10. C. Fendleri Hook. FENDLER'S LIP-FERN.
Dry rocks, Boulder, 5900-8500 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO and TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
9. ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT.
11. A. Trichomanes L. MAIDEN-HAIR SPLEENWORT.
Limestone rocks, South Boulder Canon, 5400-7000 ft.
(Rydberg).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA: SOUTH AFRICA: PACIFIC
ISLANDS.
12. A. Andrewsii A. Nelson. ANDREWS'S SPLEENWORT.
Growing abundantly in crevices with Cheilanthes Feei
Moore (Andrews, in Nelson, loc. cit. pp. 174-175).
Known only from the type locality as above.
10. BELVISIA Mirb. GRASS-FERN.
13. B. septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. [Asplenium septentrio-
nalis (L.) Hoffm.] NORTHERN GRASS-FERN.
Bald ridges of Green Mt; south slope of Bear Mt.; South
Boulder Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 358).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
52 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2OO
Order 3. EQUISETALES.
Family 3. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail family.
11. EQUISETITM L. HORSETAIL.
14. E. arvense L. FIELD HORSETAIL.
Swales and shores of streams; sandy moist meadows, 5100-
10000 ft. (Daniels, 260).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA.
15. E. laevigatrim A. Br. SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH.
Along streams and railway embankments in the plains
and on the mountains, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 392).
NEW JERSEY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to
MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
Order 4. LYCOPODIALES.
Family 4. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Clubmoss family.
12. LYCOPODITJM L. CLUBMOSS.
16. L. annotiimm L. STIFF CLUBMOSS
Under dwarf and procumbent shrubs, hidden almost com-
pletely from view, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, nooo-
11500 ft. (Daniels, 879).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; WEST VIRGINIA to COLORADO and
WASHINGTON: EUROPE: ASIA.
Family 5. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Selaginella
family.
13. SELAGINELLA Beauv. LITTLE CLUBMOSS.
17. S. densa Rybd.fS. Engelmanni Hieron.] DENSE SELA-
GINELLA.
Forests, Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
17^. S. TInderwoodii Hieron. [S. rupestris Fendleri Un-
derw.]. UNDERWOOD'S SELAGINELLA.
Common on exposed rocks, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, IS1)-
Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
2Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 53,
Subkingdom II SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed plants.
Class i. OTMNOSPERMAE.
Order 5. FINALES.
Family 6. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine family.
14. PINTS L. PINE.
18. P. scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon [P. ponder osa scopu-
lorum Engelm.]. BULL PINE.
Common on the higher mesas, foothills, and mountains,
5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 97).
SOUTH DAKOTA and NEBRASKA to MONTANA; TEXAS to-
ARIZONA.
19. P. eontorta Murrayana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. LODGE,
POLE PINE,
Mountains about Ward, and between Sugarloaf Mt. and
Glacier Lake, 7000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 302).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
15. APINTJS Necker. CEMBRA PINE.
20. A. flexilis (James) Rydb. [Pinus flexilis James].
ROCKY MOUNTAIN WHITE PINE.
Rare on high ridges of Green Mt.; also at Ward, 7300-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 771).
ALBERTA to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA.
16. PICEA Link. SPRUCE.
21. P. Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. ENGELMANN SPRUCE.
Bear Canon; Boulder Canon near Falls; common upon the
main range of the mountains, 7000 (Bear Canon) -noooft.
(Daniels, 294).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA,
22. P. Parryana (Andree) Sarg. [P. pungens Engelm.].
BLUE SPRUCE.
Common in canons throughout, 6500-10000 ft. (Cockerell);
Fourth of July Mine; South Boulder Canon (Ramaley).
WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
54 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2O2
17. PSETJDOTSUGA Carr. RED FIR.
23. P. mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. [P. Douglasii Carr.].
DOUGLAS SPRUCE.
Abundant on the foothills and mountains; some trees have
green foliage, others glaucous blue, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels,
142).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to MEXICO and
CALIFORNIA.
18. ABIES Miller. BALSAM FIR.
24. A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. WESTERN BALSAM FIR.
North slope of Green Mt; Bear Canon; Boulder Canon
near Falls and above them; common on the main mountain
range, 7000 (Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 303).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
Family 7. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper family.
19. JUNIPERUS L. JUNIPER.
25. J. Sibirica Burgsd. MOUNTAIN JUNIPER.
Mesa at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
182). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; MASSACHUSETTS and MICHIGAN to
UTAH: EUROPE: ASIA.
20. SABINA Haller. SAVIN.
26. S. scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb. [Juniperus scopulorum
Sarg.]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN RED CEDAR.
High mesas and mountain crags; some trees have green
foliage, others glaucous blue, 5700-8500 (Daniels, 217).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and
OREGON.
203] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 55
Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE.
Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Order 6. PANDANALES.
Family 8. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cattail family.
21. TYPHA L. CATTAIL.
27. T. latifolia L. BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL.
Swales and bogs in the plains, common, 5100-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 408).
NORTH AMERICA, except the far north: EUROPE: ASIA.
Family 9. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-reed family.
22. SPARGANIUM L. BUR-REED.
28. S. angustifolium Michx. [S, simplex angustifolium
(Michx.) Engelm.]. NARROW-LEAVED BUR-REED.
Floating in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 620).
Also Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
NEWFOUNDLAND to OREGON; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA.
Order 7. NAIADAJLES.
Family 10. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Zanichellia
family.
23. POTAMOGETON L. PONDWEED.
29. P. lonchites Tuckerm. [P. fluitans Roth.] LONG-LEAVED
PONDWEED.
Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 683).
NEW BRUNSWICK to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
29^. P. alpinus Balbis [P. rufescens Schrad.]. ALPINE POND-
WEED.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins.).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA.
56 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [204
30. P. heterophyllus Schreb. VARIOUS-LEAVED PONDWEED.
Near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
NORTH AMERICA, except extreme north: EUROPE.
31. P. foliosus Raf. [P. pauciflorus Pursh]. LEAFY POND-
WEED.
Streams and ditches east of Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan.
iels, 736).
NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CAL-
IFORNIA.
32. P. Spirillus Tuckerm. SPIRAL PONDWEED.
Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 486). Not included in Rydberg's Flora of
Colorado.
NOVA SCOTIA to MINNESOTA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO.
33. P. pectinatus L. FENNEL-LEAVED PONDWEED.
Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 681).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE.
24:. ZANICHELLIA L.
34. Z. palustris L. MARSH ZANICHELLIA.
Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 682). Red-
rock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE.
Order 8. ALISMALES.
Family n. ALISMACEAE D C. Water-plantain family.
25. ALISMA L. WATER-PLANTAIN.
35. A. Plantago L. COMMON WATER-PLANTAIN.
Bogs west of Marshall; swales, ditches, streams, and ponds
east of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 424).
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.
26. SAGITTABIA L. ARROWHEAD.
36. S. arifolia J. G. Smith. ARUM-LEAVED ARROWHEAD.
With the preceding, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 441).
QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MAINE and MICHIGAN to
NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
205] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5/
Order 9. POALES.
Family 12. POACEAE R. Br. Meadowgrass family.
27. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. BUNCH-GRASS.
37. S. scoparium (Michx.) Nash [Andropogon scoparius
Michx.]. BROOM-GRASS.
Common in dry plains and mesas; occasional in the lower
foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 478).
NEW BRUNSWICK to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS.
28. ANDROPOGON L. BEARD-GRASS.
38. A. furcatus Muhl. TURKEY-FOOT GRASS.
Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5 100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 512).
MAINE to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLO-
RADO.
39. A. chrysocomus Nash. GOLDEN BEARD-GRASS.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
486).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO; KANSAS to TEXAS.
29. SORGHASTRUM Nash. INDIAN GRASS.
40. S. nutans (L.) Nash [Chrysopogon nutans (L.) Benth.].
NODDING INDIAN GRASS.
Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
655)-
ONTARIO to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA.
30. SYNTHERISMA Walt. CRAB GRASS.
41. S. sanguinale (L.) Dulac. [Pint cum sanguinale L.].
FINGER GRASS.
Along roadsides, and in yards and fields, still uncommon,
5300-5700 ft. (Daniels).
OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW.
31. PANICUM L. PANIC-GRASS.
42. P. capillare L. WITCH GRASS.
Along roads and railroads, and in yards and fields, appear-
ing as if introduced, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 586).
58 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2C)6
A form, undoubtedly native, with somewhat narrower
leaves, slenderer stems, which are branched from the root,
the sheaths less hairy and less prominently papillose, the
spikelets acute and greenish, or the uppermost purplish,
occurs in swales in the plains region, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels,
985). An analogous, or perhaps identical form, gathered by
P. A. Rydberg in the sand-hills of Nebraska, is referred by
him (somewhat doubtfully) to P. capillare agreste Gatt. with
the remark that the form is named var. occidental* in the
National Herbarium with no published description (Rydberg
U. S. Nat. Herb. Cont. 3, 186).
Throughout SOUTHERN CANADA and the UNITED STATES.
43. P. virgatum L. TALL SWITCH GRASS.
Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
397).
MAINE to ASSINIBOIA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA.
43 y2. P. Tennesseense Ashe. TENNESSEE PANIC-GRASS.
Collected by Jones at South Boulder (Hitchcock and Chase).
MAINE to MINNESOTA and UTAH ; GEORGIA to ARIZONA.
44. P. Scribnerianum Nash [P. scoparium Auct., not Lam.].
SCRIBNER'S PANIC-GRASS.
Common among rocks on the foot-hills, but occurring oc-
casionally on the mesas and plains, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 99).
MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; VIRGINIA to ARIZONA and
OREGON.
32. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. BARNYARD GRASS.
45. E. Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. [Panicum Crus-galli L.].
COCKSPUR GRASS.
Common in waste places and along irrigation ditches,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 741).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
45a. E. Crus-galli mutica (Vasey) Rydb.
With the type (Daniels, 997).
Range of the type.
207] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 59
33. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. FOXTAIL.
46. C. glauca (L.) Scribn. [Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.].
YELLOW FOXTAIL.
Along streets and waste places, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels,
773).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
47. C. viridis (L.) Scribn. [S. viridis (L.) Beauv.]. GREEN
FOXTAIL.
With the preceding, but far more common, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 507).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
48. C. Italica (L.) Scribn. [S. Italica (L.) Kunth.]. ITALIAN
MILLET.
Escaped to roads and waste places, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels)'
The OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW.
34. CENCHETJS L. BUR-GRASS.
49. C. Carolinianus Walt. [C. tribuloides Auct, not L.].
SAND-BUR.
Along railroads and on the sandy shores of streams, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 776).
MAINE to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and COLORADO.
35. HOMALOCENCHRTTS Mieg. CATCH-FLY GRASS.
50. H. oryzoides (L.) Poll. [Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.].
RICE CUT-GRASS.
Swales, streams, and irrigation ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 786).
NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA:
EUROPE: ASIA.
36. PHALARIS L. CANARY-GRASS.
51. P. amndinacea L. REED CANARY-GRASS.
Swales and wet meadows near Boulder lake, 5300 ft.
(Daniels, 732).
Temperate NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA.
6O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [208
361/2. HIEROCHLOE Gmel. HOLY GRASS.
51^2. H. odorata (L.) R. and S. [Savastana odorata (L.)
Scribn ; H. borealis R. and S.] SWEET HOLY GRASS.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to ARIZONA; EUROPE:
ASIA.
37. AEISTIDA L. TRIPLE-AWNED GRASS.
52. A. fasciculata Torr. BUSHY POVERTY-GRASS.
In the plains, scarce, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 777).
KANSAS to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO.
53. A. longiseta Steud. LONG-AWNED POVERTY-GRASS.
Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8500 ft.
(Daniels, 300). Also on the mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
ILLINOIS to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to MEXICO.
38. STIPA L. PORCUPINE GRASS.
54. S. comata Trin. & Rupr. WESTERN PORCUPINE GRASS.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 197).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
55. S. viridula Trin. [S. parviflora Americana Schultes].
GREENISH PORCUPINE GRASS.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8500
ft. (Daniels, 301). Also at Gato (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to UTAH.
56. S. Nelsonii Scribn. NELSON'S PORCUPINE GRASS.
On the mesas, foothills, and mountain sides, 5700-10000
ft. (Daniels, 365).
ASSINIBOIA to IDAHO and COLORADO.
57. S. Scribneri Vasey. SCRIBNER'S PORCUPINE GRASS.
On the plains, mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5100-
9500 ft. (Daniels, 749).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
2OQ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 6 1
58. S. Lettermannii Vasey. LETTERMANN'S PORCUPINE GRASS.
Barren hilltops east of the Flat-irons, 5800 ft. (Daniels,
184).
WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to UTAH.
39. ORYZOPSIS Michx. MOUNTAIN RICE.
59. 0. micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurber. SMALL-FLOW-
ERED MOUNTAIN RICE.
Rocky soil on the mesas and foothills, 5700-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 269).
ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to ARIZONA.
40. EBIOCOMA Nutt.
60. E. cuspidata Nutt. [Oryzopsis cuspidata (Nutt.) Benth.].
SILKY MOUNTAIN RICE.
Barren mesa near entrance to Bear Canon, 5800-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 765).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; TEXAS and MEXICO to
CALIFORNIA.
41. MTJHLENBERGIA Schreb. DROP-SEED GRASS.
61. M. racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. [M. glomerata Trin.].
MARSH DROP-SEED GRASS.
Canon on Green Mt. ; subalpine meadows at Eldora,
6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 526).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to
NEW MEXICO.
62. M. cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. [Sporobolus cuspidatus
(Torn) Woods]. PRAIRIE RUSH-GRASS.
Dry ledges, Gregory Canon, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 371).
MANITOBA to ALBERTA; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
63. M. Richardson! (Trin.) Rydb. [Vilfa Richardson^
Trin.; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part]. RICH-
ARDSON'S RUSH-GRASS.
Subalpine meadows and open bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 840).
ANTICOSTI to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
62 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2IO
64. M. simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. [Sporobolus simplex Scribn.].
SIMPLE RUSH-GRASS.
In shallow water, aspen bogs about Glacier Lake, 9000 ft.
(Daniels, 708). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward,
(Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING and NEW MEXICO.
65. M. filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. [Vilfa depauperata fili-
formis Thurber]. FILIFORM RUSH-GRASS.
Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 366).
WYOMING to OREGON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
66. M. gracilis Trin. SLENDER DROP-SEED.
Summits of crags on the foot-hills, thence to subalpine
mountain-ridges, the most characteristic grass of such places^
6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 208).
COLORADO to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO.
42. LYCTTRUS H. B. K.
67. L. phleoides H. B. K. FALSE TIMOTHY.
Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO and TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
43. PHLETIM L. TIMOTHY.
68. P. pratense L. COMMON TIMOTHY.
Throughout the area of cultivation, but has penetrat-
ed distant canons, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 504) >
Temperate OLD WORLD, thence to all temperate lands.
69. P. alpinum L. MOUNTAIN TIMOTHY.
Subalpine meadows from Glacier Lake to Eldora; above
timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 632).
Circumboreal and alpine, EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA.
44. ALOPECURUS L. FOXTAIL.
70. A. aristulatus Michx. [A. fulvus J. E. Smith ]. SWAMF
FOXTAIL.
Along irrigation ditches and at the margins of ponds and
puddles, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 246).
MAINE to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA.
2Il] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 63
71. A. occidentalis Scribn. [A. alpinus Coulter, not L.].
WESTERN FOXTAIL.
Above timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 942).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
45. SPOROBOLTIS R. Br. DROPSEED.
72. S. airoides Torr. HAIR-GRASS DROPSEED.
Alkaline flats about Boulder lake, scarce, 5300 ft. (Dan-
iels, 731).
NEBRASKA and TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
73. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. SAND DROPSEED.
Common on the plains, mesas, and grassy slopes of the
foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 513).
MASSACHUSETTS to WASHINGTON; PENNSYLVANIA to ARIZONA
and MEXICO.
74. S. heterolepis Gray. NORTHERN DROPSEED.
Common along the railroad between Boulder and Mar-
shall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 518).
QUEBEC to SASKATCHEWAN; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO.
75. S. asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurber. ROUGH DROP-
SEED.
Common on the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 493).
ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to
CALIFORNIA.
46. POLYPOGON Desf. BEARD-GRASS.
76. P. Monspeliensis (L.) Desf. DITCH FOXTAIL.
Common along irrigation ditches east of Boulder, 5100-
5500 ft. (Daniels, 676).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
47. CINNA L. WOOD REED-GRASS.
77. C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. [C. pendula Trin.]. SLENDER
WOOD REED-GRASS.
Deep canons in shade, frequent; in aspen bogs at Glacier
lake and Eldora, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 987).
64 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [212
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to
UTAH: EUROPE.
48. AGROSTIS L. BENT-GRASS.
78. A. alba L. WHITE BENT-GRASS. RED-TOP.
Common about ditches and swales throughout the culti-
vated area, and already penetrating remote canons, where
the smaller forms are quite possibly native. The larger
cultivated form is A. alba vulgaris (With.) Thurber, 5100-
8600 ft. (Daniels, 689).
Mostly naturalized from EUROPE, and now in all temper-
ate lands; there are indigenous boreal and alpine forms in
NORTH AMERICA.
79. A. asperifolia Trin. [A. exarata Coult. in part, not Trin.].
HARSH BENT-GRASS.
Moist meadows throughout, 5100-10500 ft. (Daniels, 376)
MANITOBA and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
79^2. A. Rossae Vasey [A. variant Trin.]. Miss Ross's BENT-
GRASS.
Long's Peak (Holm).
BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
80. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. [A. scabra Willd.]. HAIR-
GRASS.
Common throughout in both dry and moist soil, 5100-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 374). Also on the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
NORTH AMERICA, except the extreme north.
80%. A. tenuiculmis Nash [A. tenuis Vasey]. THIN BENT-
GRASS.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
49. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. REED-GRASS.
81. C. purpurascens R. Br. [Deyeuxia sylvatica Vasey,
not DC.]. PURPLE BLUE- JOINT.
Barren ridges in the foothills and mountains, common,
6000-12500 ft. (Daniels, 700). Long's Peak (Holm).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
213] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 65
82. C. Canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. [Deyeuxia Canadensis
(Michx.) Mtmro]. CANADA BLUE-JOINT.
Along streams in the plains; also in deep canons and aspen
bogs in the foothills and mountains, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels,
649)-
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA to
CALIFORNIA.
50. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. HAIR-GRASS.
83. D. caespitosa (L.) Beauv. TUFTED HAIR-GRASS.
Wet margins of Glacier lake, often in water of some
depth, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 617). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ram-
aley and Robbins).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA.
51. TRISETTIM Pers. FALSE OAT.
84. T. spicatum (L.) Richter [T. subspicatum molle Gray].
NARROW FALSE OAT.
Mountainsides at Ward, Bloomerville, Glacier Lake, and
Eldora, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 330).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO
and CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA.
85. T. majus (Vasey) Rydb. [T. subspicatum majus VaseyJ.
LARGER FALSE OAT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
86. T. montanum Vasey. MOUNTAIN FALSE OAT.
Deep canons and aspen bogs, local, 7000 (Bear Canon)
-10000 ft. (Daniels, 631).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
52. AVENAL. OAT.
87. A. striata Michx. PURPLE OAT.
Rare in deep canons and aspen bogs, usually with the
preceding; Bear Canon; Eldora, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels
NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to
COLORADO.
66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [214
88. A. fatna L. WILD OAT.
Common along streets and waste places in the city of
Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 387).
EUROPE: ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
89. A. sativa L. COMMON OAT.
Adventitious along railroads, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 479).
OLD WORLD, thence universal in cultivation.
53. MERATHREPTA Raf. WILD OAT-GRASS.
90. M. Californica (Bolander) Piper [Danthonia Calfornica
Bolander]. CALIFORNIA WILD OAT-GRASS.
Arapahoe Pass, 12000 ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
91. M. intermedia (Vasey) Piper [Danthonia intermedia
Vasey]. INTERMEDIATE WILD OAT-GRASS.
Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-11500 ft.
(Daniels, 621).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
92. M. spicata (L) Raf. [Danthonia spicata (L) Beauv.].
COMMON WILD OAT-GRASS.
Common on dry slopes in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 370). Also mesas at foot of the Flat-irons.
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA
to LOUISIANA and CALIFORNIA.
54. SPARTINA Schreb. CORD-GRASS.
93. S. cynosuroides (L.) Willd. TALL MARSH GRASS. FRESH-
WATER CORD-GRASS.
Swales and bogs in the plains, infrequent, 51005500 ft.
(Daniels, 522).
NOVA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE; NEW JERSEY to TEXAS and
COLORADO.
55. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. CRAB-GRASS.
94. S. paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease [S. Texanus Steud.].
WILD CRAB-GRASS.
Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
175).
215] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 6/
MANITOBA to ASSINIBOIA; ILLINOIS to TEXAS and NEW
MEXICO.
56. BOUTELOTTA Lag. GRAMA-GRASS. MESQUIT-GRASS.
95. B. hirsuta Lag. HAIRY MESQUIT.
Dry plains and mesas, less common than the next, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 956). Also at Meadow Park, 6500 ft.
(Rydberg).
ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
96. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. COMMON GRAMA-GRASS,
Or MESQUIT-GRASS.
Common on the plains and mesas; occasional on the foot-
hills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 220). One of the most charac-
teristic grasses of the Great Plains.
WISCONSIN to ASSINIBOIA; MISSISSIPPI to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
57. ATHEROPOGON Muhl. TALL MESQUIT.
97. A. curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn [Bouteloua racemosa
Lag.]. PRAIRIE GRAMA-GRASS.
Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 299). Meadow Park (Rydberg).
ONTARIO and MICHIGAN to MANITOBA; NEW JERSEY to TEX-
AS, ARIZONA, and MEXICO.
58. BITLBIUS Raf. BUFFALO GRASS.
98. B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.)
Eng.]. COMMON BUFFALO GRASS.
Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA ; ARKANSAS to NEW MEXICO
and MEXICO.
59. PHRAGMITES Trin. REED.
99. P. Phragmites (L.) Karst. [P. communis Trin.]. COM-
MON REED.
About a spring at foot of Flagstaff Hill, only three or four
plants, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 834).
EUROPE: ASIA: temperate NORTH AMERICA.
68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2l6
60. MTJNROA Torr. FALSE BUFFALO GRASS.
100. M. squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. MUNRO'S GRASS.
Dry plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 359). Also
at Lafayette (Rydberg).
NORTH DAKOTA to ASSINIBOIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
61. KOELERIA PERS.
101. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. [K. nitida Nutt., as to
some of the forms]. PRAIRIE-GRASS.
Throughout below IOOOO ft., but especially common on
the foothills, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 133).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALI-
FORNIA.
62. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. STINK-GRASS.
102. E. major Host. SKUNK GRASS.
Waste places and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
588). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
103. E. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. PURPLE STINK-GRASS.
Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).
MASSACHUSETTS to SOUTH DAKOTA : FLORIDA to TEXAS
and COLORADO.
63. EATONIA Raf. EATON GRASS.
104. E. robusta (Vasey) Rydb. [E. obtusata robusta Vasey].
STOUT EATON GRASS.
Along streams and springy canons, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
NEBRASKA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
105. E. obtusata (Michx.) Gray. BLUNT-SCALED EATON
GRASS.
About Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
MASSACHUSETTS to MONTANA; FLORIDA to ARIZONA.
1 06. E. Pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray. PENNSYLVANIA EATON
GRASS.
Deep mountain canons, 5600-7000 ft. (Daniels, 718).
217] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 69
NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to COLO-
RADO.
64. MEUCA L. MELIC-GRASS.
107. M. bella Piper [M. bulbosa Geyer], BULBOUS MELIC-
GRASS.
North slopes of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon,
6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 144). Spikelets often monstrous.
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO and UTAH to
OREGON.
65. DACTYLIS L. ORCHARD GRASS.
108. D. glomerata L. COMMON ORCHARD GRASS.
Throughout the whole cultivated district and penetrating
into shacly canons; 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 235).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
66. DISTICHLIS Raf. SALT-GRASS.
109. D. stricta (Torr.) Rydb. [D. maritima stricta (Torr.)
Thurber]. MARSH SPIKE-GRASS.
Alkali flats about Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 728).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to TEXAS and
CALIFORNIA.
67. POA L. MEADOW-GRASS.
no. P. annua L. Low SPEAR-GRASS.
Roadsides and at the entrance to Gregory Canon, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 250).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
in. P. pratensis L. KENTUCKY BLUE-GRASS.
Meadows throughout, 5100-11500 ft. (Daniels, 558). Prob-
ably naturalized in the irrigated district.
EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA, but only the boreal and
alpine forms native.
112. P. trivialis L. ROUGH MEADOW-GRASS.
About ponds and ditches, 5400-5500 ft. (Daniels, 245).
Not in Rydberg's Flora.
EUROPE, thence naturalized in many places in the UNITED
STATES.
7O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2 1 8
P. cenisia All. [P. flexuosa Wahl.]. FLEXUOUS
MEADOW-GRASS.
Long's Peak (Holm).
GREENLAND to ALASKA ; COLORADO.
113. P. callichroa Rydb. FAIR-HUED MEADOW-GRASS.
Mountain-sides at Eldora, 8600-11500 ft. (Daniels, 647).
COLORADO.
114. P. reflexa V. & S. REFLEXED MEADOW-GRASS.
In mountain meadows descending to the slopes of the
foothills, 6400 (Flagstaff Hill) -13000 ft. (Daniels, 952).
MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and OREGON.
115. P. leptocoma Trin. SMOOTH-GLUMED MEADOW-GRASS.
In mountain meadows with the preceding, 6300 (Flagstaff
Hill) -12500 ft. (Daniels, 225).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
116. P. alpicola Nash [P. laxa Thurber]. MOUNTAIN
MEADOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft.
(Daniels, 941). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
COLORADO to UTAH; CALIFORNIA.
117. P. platyphylla Nash & Rydb. [P. occidentalis Vasey].
WESTERN MEADOW-GRASS.
Along mountain streams, 5600 (Boulder Canon) -10500
ft. (Daniels, 150).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
118. P. compressa L. ENGLISH BLUE-GRASS.
Common throughout the irrigated district, but not noticed
in the mountains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 242).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
119. P. triflora Gilib. [P. serotina Ehr.]. FOWL MEADOW-
GRASS.
Common in swales and wet meadows, 5100-8600 (Eldora)
ft. (Daniels, 482).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to
CALIFORNIA: EUROPE.
219] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 71
120. P. interior Rydb. INLAND MEADOW-GRASS.
Along streams and in wet meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 28).
MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO.
121. P. crocata. Michx. [P. caesia strictior Gray]. WOOD
MEADOW-GRASS.
High mesas, dry slopes of the foothills, and mountain
ridges, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 154). Mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; MASSACHUSETTS to MINNESOTA and
ARIZONA.
122. P. rupicola Nash [P. rupestris Vasey]. CRAG MEAD-
OW-GRASS.
Dry tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-
13000 ft. (Daniels, 1010).
MONTANA to OREGON; COLORADO to UTAH.
123. P. Pattersonii Vasey. PATTERSON'S MEADOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 895).
COLORADO to ARIZONA.
124. P. alpina L. ALPINE MEADOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 935). Long's Peak (Holm).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; QUEBEC to UTAH.
124 J^. P. Wheeleri Vasey. [P. cuspidata Vasey]. WHEEL-
ER'S MEADOW-GRASS.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to OREGON.
125. P. Vaseyana Scribn. VASEY'S MEADOW-GRASS.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels,
868).
COLORADO.
/2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [22O
120. P. longiligula Scribn. & Will. LONG-LIGULATE MEAD-
OW-GRASS.
Boulder (E. Bethel), determined by P. L. Ricker of U. S.
Dept. of Agric., and recorded (as host of a fungus) by Ar-
thur in Journal of Mycology, Jan. 1908, p. 13.
SOUTH DAKOTA to OREGON; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
127. P. pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. FALSE KENTUCKY
BLUE-GRASS.
About swales and streams in trie plains and mesas, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 953).
SOUTH DAKOTA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO.
128. P. longipedunculata Scribn. LONG-PEDUNCULATE MEAD-
OW-GRASS.
Plains and mountain-canons, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 503).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
129. P. juncifolia Scribn. RUSH-LEAVED MEADOW-GRASS.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
905).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
130. P. confusa Rydb. BUNCH MEADOW-GRASS.
Dry plains, mesas, and mountainsides, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 924).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA and COLORADO.
131. P. pratericola Rydb. & Nash [P. andina Nutt.]. PRAIRIE
MEADOW-GRASS.
Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO.
68. PANICTTLAKIA Fabr. MANNA-GRASS.
132. P. nervata (Willd.) Kuntze [Glyceria nervqta (Willd.)
Trin.]. NERVED MANNA-GRASS.
About streams and ditches, in swales and at the margins
of lakes and ponds, 5 100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 264).
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to MEXICO
and CALIFORNIA.
22 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 73
133. P.Americana (Torr.) Mac M. [Glyceria grandis Wats.].
REED MEADOW-GRASS.
In swales and along streams, less common than the pre-
ceding, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 969).
NEW BRUNSWICK to ALASKA; TENNESSEE to NEVADA.
134. P. Holmii Beal. HOLM'S MANNA-GRASS.
Deep canons on north slope of Green Mountain, 7000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 464). Lamb's Ranch, Long's Peak, 9100
ft. (Beal).
COLORADO.
135. P. borealis Nash. NORTHERN FLOATING MANNA.
In irrigation ditches about Boulder; also floating in
Glacier lake, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 739).
MAINE to ALASKA; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA.
69. PUCCINELLIA Parl. SALT MEADOW-GRASS.
136. P. airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. SLENDER SALT
MEADOW-GRASS.
Along water-courses in the mesas, and in alkaline soil on
the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 383). Also at Longmont
(Rydberg).
MANITOBA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS
to NEVADA.
70. FESTUCA L. FESCUE-GRASS.
137. F. octoflora Walt. [F. tenella Willd.]. SLENDER FESCUE-
GRASS.
Abundant on the plains and arid open mountain slopes,
5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 181).
QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
138. F. elatior L. [F. elatior pratensis (Huds.) Gray].
MEADOW FESCUE.
Common throughout the irrigated area, especially along
ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 785).
EUROPE, thence to temperate NORTH AMERICA.
74 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [222
139. F. rubra L. RED FESCUE.
Subalpine meadows at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 699).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to CALIFORNIA:
EUROPE: ASIA.
140. F. brachyphylla Schultes [F. ovina brevifolia S. Wat-
son]. SHORT-LEAVED FESCUE.
Bald ridges in the mountain region, 7000 (Green Mt.)
-14500 ft. (Daniels, 364).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; VERMONT to CALIFORNIA.
141. F. minutiflora Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED FESCUE.
Mountainsides at Eldora, and on Arapahoe Peak above
timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 1001).
COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
141^2. F. ovina L. SHEEP FESCUE.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Long's
Peak (Holm).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE.
141 %a. F. ovina supina (Schur). Hack. PROSTRATE FESCUE.
Long's Peak (Holm).
GREENLAND and BRITISH COLUMBIA to NEW HAMPSHIRE,
ARIZONA, and CALIFORNIA.
142. F. ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. [F. ovina nudata
Vasey]. NAKED-STEMMED FESCUE. BLUE BUNCH-GRASS.
Common throughout the mountain region and the mesas,
5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 174). The type doubtless occurs,
but all the material preserved belongs to the variety.
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
143. F. Kingii (S. Watson) Scribn. [F. confinis Vasey].
KING'S FESCUE.
Boulder Canon, 6500-10000 ft. (Rydberg); Boulder (E.
Bethel).
MONTANA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
71. BROMUS L. BROME-GRASS.
144. B. marginatus latior Shear. LARGE MARGINATE BROME.
Vicinity of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
223] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 75
145. B. brizaeformis F. & M. QUAKE-GRASS BROME.
The commonest ruderal grass about Boulder, and fast
spreading throughout the plains district, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 257).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to the UNITED STATES.
146. B. secalinus L. COMMON CHESS, or CHEAT.
In fields and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 388).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to all temperate lands.
147. B. hordeacens L. [B. mollis L.]. SOFT CHESS.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400
ft. (Daniels, 524).
EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES.
148. B. lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. [B. Porteri lanatipes
Shear]. LANATE BROME.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes,
less frequent in the plains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 346). Also
at Lafayette (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
149. B. Richardsonii Link. RICHARDSON'S BROME.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 6000-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 454).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZO-
NA and OREGON.
150. B. Pumpellianus Scribn. PUMPELLY'S BROME.
Frequent throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 382).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA and NEW MEXICO.
151. B. tectorum L. THATCH CHEAT.
Waste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 496).
Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES.
72. LOLIUM L. DARNEL.
152. L. Italicum A. Br. ITALIAN RYE GRASS.
About irrigation ditches in the city of Boulder, 5300-
5600 ft. (Daniels, 839). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES.
76 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [224
73. AGROPYRON Gaertn. WHEAT GRASS.
153. A. Scribneri Vasey. SCRIBNER'S WHEAT GRASS.
Long's Peak (Holm).
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
I53//2- A. spicatum inenne (Scribn. & Sm.) Heller [A. Vaseyi
S. & S.]. VASEY' s WHEAT GRASS.
Frequent on the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 171).
MONTANA to OREGON; COLORADO to UTAH.
154. A. Arizonicum S. & S. ARIZONA WHEAT GRASS.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 8000-11000 ft.
(Rydberg).
COLORADO to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
155. A. Richardsonii (Trin.) Schrad. [A. unilateral Cas-
sidy]. RICHARDSON'S WHEAT GRASS.
Mountain meadows, rather local, 7000 (Bear Canon) -10000
ft. (Daniels, 830).
MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; IOWA to COLORADO.
156. A. andinum (S. & S.) Rydb. [A. violaceum andinum
S. & S.]. MOUNTAIN WHEAT GRASS.
Mountainsides at Eldora 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 640).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
157. A. violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. VIOLET WHEAT GRASS.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6300 (GreenMt.)
—12000 ft. (Daniels, 362).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to UTAH.
158. A. tenerum Vasey. SLENDER WHEAT GRASS.
Common on the plains, foothills, and lower mountain
slopes, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 395).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO.
159. A. pseudorepens S. & S. FALSE QUACK GRASS.
Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100-
10000 ft. (Daniels, 511).
IOWA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
225] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 77
160. A. riparium S. & S. RIPARIAN WHEAT GRASS.
About ditches in the plains, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 398).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
161. A. occidentale Scribn. WESTERN WHEAT GRASS.
On the plains, where it is very abundant; also sparingly
in mountain meadows, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 402). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).
MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN and OREGON; MISSOURI to
ARIZONA.
162. A. molle (S. & S.) Rydb. SOFT WHEAT GRASS.
On the plains, where it is especially characteristic of
alkaline flats, and in the drier mountain valleys, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 978).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO.
74. TKJTICUM L. WHEAT.
163. T. sativum vulgare (Vill.) Hack. [T. vulgar e Vill.].
WHEAT.
Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and
Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 514).
OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW.
75. HORDETJM L. BARLEY.
164. H. jubatum L. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS.
Common on the plains and in mountain canons; a fre-
quent weed in waste places, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 380).
ONTARIO to ALASKA; MISSOURI to CALIFORNIA, thence
naturalized eastward.
165. H. pusillum Nutt. LITTLE BARLEY.
Abundant on the plains and mesas, and following the
roads into the mountain district, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
203).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
1 66. H. sativum hexastichon (L.) Hack. SIX-ROWED BARLEY.
Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and
Mrshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 480).
OLD WORLD, thence to the NEW.
78 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [226
76. SITANION Raf. BRISTLE GRASS.
167. S. longifolium J. G. Smith. LONG-LEAVED BRISTLE GRASS.
Common on the foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-9000
ft. (Daniels, 363).
NEBRASKA to NEVADA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
168. S. brevifolium J. G. Smith. SHORT-LEAVED BRISTLE
GRASS.
Abundant on the plains, and frequent on open mountain
slopes, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 202). Also on the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to UTAH; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
77. ELYMTTS L. LYME GRASS.
169. E. Canadensis L. CANADIAN WILD RYE.
Common along ditches and streams both in and out of
shade, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 357).
NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to NEW MEXICO.
170. E. robustus S. & S. STOUT WILD RYE.
In swales along railroads and on stream-banks, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 489).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
171. E. brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. SLENDER WILD RYE.
Plains south of Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 396).
MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to UTAH and MEXICO.
172. E. Macounii Vasey. MACOUN'S WILD RYE.
On the plains and in meadows on the foot-hills, 5100-7000
ft. (Daniels, 417).
MANITOBA and SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO
to UTAH.
173. E. condensatus Presl. SMOOTH LYME GRASS.
Dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 961).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
227] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 79
174. E. ambiguus Vasey & Scribn. AMBIGUOUS LYME GRASS.
Common on the foothills and mountainsides, 5900-9000 ft.
(Daniels, 158).
COLORADO.
175. E. strigosus Rydb. STRIGOSE LYME GRASS.
Common on the foothills and mountain ridges, 6000-8600
ft. (Daniels, 962). Boulder is the type locality.
WYOMING to COLORADO.
176. E. villiflorus Rydb. VILLOUS LYME GRASS.
Common on the foothills; occasional on the plains and
mesas, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 963). Boulder is the type
locality.
SOUTH DAKOTA and the CANADIAN ROCKIES to COLORADO.
Family 13. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. GaHngale family.
78. CYPERUS L. GALINGALE.
177. C. inflexus Muhl. [C. aristatus Boeckl.]. AWNED CY-
PER GRASS.
Scarce on the plains and foothills in moist sands, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 253).
VERMONT to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA
and MEXICO.
178. C. BusMi Britt. BUSH'S CYPER GRASS.
In sandy soil at Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).
WISCONSIN to OREGON; KANSAS to COLORADO.
79. SCIKPTTS L. BULRUSH.
179. S. Americanus Pers. [S. pungens Vahl.]. THREE
SQUARE.
In swales, along ditches and streams, and at the margins
of ponds and lakes, but apparently not following the streams
very far into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 668).
NORTH AMERICA: CHILI: EUROPE.
8O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [228
1 80. S. lacustris L. GREAT BULRUSH.
With the preceding but often in water of greater depth,
and penetrating farther back into the mountains, 5100-8600
ft. (Daniels, 414).
Throughout the NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE.
181. S. atrovirens pallidus Britton. PALE BULRUSH.
Swales, ditches and streams in the plains and mesas, and
ascending but slightly into the foot-hills, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 490).
MINNESOTA to the NORTHWEST TERRITORY and COLORADO-
80. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. SPIKE RUSH.
182. E. palustris (L.) R. & S. SWAMP SPIKE RUSH.
Common in swamps, swales, and stagnant pools through-
out, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 492).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA.
183. E. glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes [£. palustris glauces-
cens (Willd.) Gray]. PALE SWAMP SPIKE RUSH.
Common with the above, but in shallower water, 5100-9000
(Glacier Lake, Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 733).
ONTARIO and the UNITED STATES.
184. E. acicnlaris (L.) R. & S. NEEDLE RUSH.
Common in limose places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 254).
EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA: CENTRAL AMERICA.
184^. E. tennis (Willd.) Schult. SLENDER SPIKE RUSH.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
185. E. acnminata (Muhl.) Nees. FLAT-STEMMED SPIKE RUSH.
Ditches and swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels,
734).
ANTICOSTI to ALBERTA; GEORGIA to LOUISIANA and
COLORADO.
229] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 8 1
81. CAREX L. SEDGE.
186. C. canescens L. SILVERY SEDGE.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-11500 ft. (Daniels, 852).
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; VIRGINIA to COLO-
RADO and OREGON: EUROPE and ASIA.
187. C. tenella Schkuhr. SOFT-LEAVED SEDGE.
Local in deep mountain canons in shade, 6000-11500 ft.
(Daniels, 610).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to
CALIFORNIA: EUROPE.
1 88. C. Deweyana Schwein. DEWEY'S SEDGE.
Only detected in Bear Canon, where it is very rare, 6000-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 762).
NOVA SCOTIA to MANITOBA and OREGON; PENNSYLVANIA to
NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
189. Carex stipata Muhl. AWL-FRUITED SEDGE.
Irrigation ditches, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 237). Not in
Rydberg's Flora.
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI-
FORNIA.
190. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Fox SEDGE.
Irrigation ditches, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 745).
NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and
COLORADO.
191. C. occidentalis Bailey [C. muricata Americana Bailey].
WESTERN SEDGE.
Low meadows at Eldora, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 611).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
192. C. Hoodii Boott [C. muricata confixa Bailey]. HOOD'S
SEDGE.
Grassy meadows, Bluebell canon, thence to the subalpine
zone, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 497).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
82 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [230
193. C. marcida Boott. CLUSTERED FIELD SEDGE.
Abundant in dry meadows, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 95).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO
and NEVADA.
194. C. Sartwellii Dewey. SARTWELL'S SEDGE.
Swales along railroads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 971).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to UTAH.
195. C. Douglasii Boott. DOUGLAS' SEDGE.
Common in dry soil throughout, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels,
317). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg; Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to NEW MEX-
ICO and CALIFORNIA.
196. C. scoparia Schkuhr. BROOM SEDGE.
Wet meadows about ditches and streams, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 266).
NOVA SCOTIA to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
197. C. athrostachya Olney. BRACTED SEDGE.
Shores of a pond south of Boulder, thence to timberline,
5500-11000 ft. (Daniels, 258).
ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
198. C. festiva Dewey. PRETTY SEDGE.
Abundant throughout the foothills and mountains in
canons and humid meadows, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 103).
. ASSINIBOIA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to MEXICO.
199. C. ebenea Rydb. [C. f estiva Haydeniana Bailey]. EBONY
SEDGE.
In frozen ground, alpine valley near snow, above Bloom-
erville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 324). Also on Long's Peak
(Rydberg).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
200. C. petasata- Dewey. WESTERN'S HARE'S-FOOT SEDGE.
Deep canons, north slope of Green Mt, 7000 ft. (Daniels,
469).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON.
231] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 83
20 1. C. pratensis Drej. MEADOW SEDGE.
Gregory Canon, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 688). Also on
Long's Peak (Rydberg).
ONTARIO to ALASKA; MICHIGAN to COLORADO.
202. C. siccata Dewey. DRY-SPIKED SEDGE.
Common in dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 972). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA.
203. C. straminea Willd. STRAW SEDGE.
Common along watercourses and grassy meadows in the
plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 372).
NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; NORTH CAROLINA to OKLA-
HOMA and COLORADO.
204. C. straminiformis Bailey. FALSE STRAW SEDGE.
Dry torrents, high mesas at the foot of the Flat-irons,
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 381).
COLORADO to WASHINGTON and CALIFORNIA.
205. C. festucacea Schkuhr. FESCUE SEDGE.
Meadows and swales, frequent in the plains and mesas,
and in meadows on the lower foothills, 5100-6400 (Flagstaff
Hill) ft. (Daniels, 185).
NEW BRUNSWICK to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
206. C. stenophylla Wahl. NARROW-LEAVED SEDGE.
Dry mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peak,
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 438).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; IOWA to COLORADO.
207. C. incurva Lightf. CURVED SEDGE.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 1 1 ooo- 1 2000 f t. (Daniels,
916).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA.
208. C. alpina Stevenii Holm. STEVEN'S ALPINE SEDGE.
Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
84 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [232
209. C. atrata L. BLACK SEDGE.
Long's Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; QUEBEC to COLORADO and CALI-
FORNIA.
210. C. chalciolepis Holm. BRONZE-SCALED SEDGE.
Long's Peak, 8500-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
211. C. bella Bailey. BEAUTIFUL SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 940).
COLORADO to UTAH and ARIZONA.
212. C. rhomboidea Holm. RHOMBIC SEDGE.
In swamps near Long's Peak, 8500-9500 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
213. C. Goodenovii J. Gay [C. vulgaris Fries]. COMMON
SEDGE.
Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 851).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO:
EUROPE.
214. C. rigida Good. [C. vulgaris alpina Booth]. STIFF
SEDGE.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 907).
ALASKA to COLORADO.
j
215. C. chimaphila Holm. WINTER-LOVING SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 923). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
216. C. acutina Bailey. ACUTISH SEDGE.
Boulder Canon (5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 556). Also Lamb's
ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
MACKENZIE to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON.
217. C. stricta Lam. ERECT SEDGE.
Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 418). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
233] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 8$
EASTERN UNITED STATES and CANADA to COLORADO and
TEXAS.
217^. C. variabilis Bailey. VARIABLE SEDGE.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
218. C. aurea Nutt. GOLDEN SEDGE.
About springs in deep canons, 6700-11000 ft. (Daniels,
354).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to
UTAH and WASHINGTON.
219. C. Geyeri Boott. GEYER'S SEDGE.
At edge of snow in alpine valley above Bloomerville,
9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 311).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to OREGON.
220. C. nigricans C. A. Mey. BLACKISH SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 926). Also Thompson's Canon, Long's Peak (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA: ASIA.
221. C. Pyrenaica Wahl. PYRENAIC SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 925). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to OREGON: EUROPE.
222. C. rupestris All. CRAG SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 930). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
GREENLAND to ALASKA and COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA.
223. C. obtusata Lilj. OBTUSISH SEDGE.
Above timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 931). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA and COLORADO.
224. C. oreocharis Holm. MOUNTAIN-GRACE SEDGE.
Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [234
225. C. Pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey [C. vespertina (Bai-
ley) Howell]. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SEDGE.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 11).
COLORADO to OREGON and BRITISH COLUMBIA.
226. C. umbellata brachyrhina Piper [C. umbellata breviros-
tris Boott]. SHORT-BEAKED UMBELLATE SEDGE.
Dry rocky mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 125).
MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
227. C. Beckii Boott [C. durifolia Bailey]. BECK'S SEDGE.
Canon at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
463).
ONTARIO to MANITOBA; NEW YORK to COLORADO.
228. C. capillaris L. HAIR SEDGE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 915). Also Thompson's Canon on Long's Peak (Ryd-
berg).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to UTAH: EUROPE:
ASIA.
229. C. ntriculata Boott. BOTTLE SEDGE.
Swales and limose banks of streams, local (Boulder creek
half way to Falls; subalpine bogs at Eldora, etc.), 5100-10000
ft. (Daniels, 563).
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA; DELAWARE to CALIFORNIA.
229^. C. saxatilis L. [C. pulla Gooden.]. ROCK SEDGE.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
GREENLAND and ALASKA to COLORADO.
230. C. lanuginosa Michx. WOOLLY SEDGE.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 652).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to
CALIFORNIA.
235] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 87
Order 10. ARALES.
Family 14. ARACEAE Neck. Arum family.
82. ACORUS L. CALAMUS.
231. A. Calamus L. SWEET FLAG.
Swales along railroad in the city of Boulder, 5300-5400 ft.
(Daniels).
NOVA SCOTIA to MINNESOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and
COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA.
Family 15. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed family.
83. LEMNA L. DUCKWEED.
232. L. gibba L. GIBBOUS DUCKWEED.
Ponds near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to CALIFORNIA; TEXAS to MEXICO: OLD WORLD
and AUSTRALIA.
233. L. minor L. LESSER DUCKWEED.
Springy swales in the city of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels
748).
Cosmopolitan.
Order n. XYRIDALES.
Family 16. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Dayflower family.
84. TEADESCANTIA L. SPIDERWORT.
234. T. Universitatis Cockerell [T. occidentals Rydb., not
Britton]. UNIVERSITY SPIDERWORT.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, and follow-
ing the deeper canons several miles into the mountain re-
gion, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 44). The vicinity about Bould-
er is the type locality. Both T. scopulorum Rose and T. oc-
cidentalis Britton, according to Rydberg's Flora, occur about
Boulder, but the former is a New Mexico plant, while the
latter is from Wisconsin.
COLORADO.
88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [236
Family 17. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel-weed
family.
85. HETERANTHERA Willd. MUD PLANTAIN.
235. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. LIMOSE MUD PLANTAIN.
Between Longmont and Loveland, 5100-5500 ft. (Ryd-
berg), in shallow water or mud.
VIRGINIA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO; FLORIDA to MEXI-
CO, the WEST INDIES, and CENTRAL AMERICA.
Order 12. LILIALES.
Family 18. MELANTHACEAE R.Br. Bunch-flower family.
86. ANTICLEA Kunth. ZYGADENUS.
235^/2. A. elegans (Pursh) Rydb. [Zygadenus elegans
Pursh]. SHOWY ZYGADENUS.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to NEVADA.
236. A. Coloradensis Rydb. COLORADO ZYGADENUS.
In canons and subalpine meadows, locally abundant, 7000
(Bear Canon) -12000 ft. (Daniels, 651).
COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
87. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. POISON CAMASS.
237. T. gramineum Rydb. DEATH CAMASS.
Mesas and foothills; blossoming in June, 5800-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 106).
SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO and COLORADO.
238. T. falcatum Rydb. FALCATE POISON CAMASS.
Spruce forests along Bear Canon, 6000-7500 ft. (Daniels
759).
COLORADO.
Family 19. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rush family.
88. JUNCUS L. RUSH.
239. J. Balticus montanus Engelm. MOUNTAIN BALTIC RUSH.
Along ditches and in swales and wet meadows, 5100-11000
ft. (Daniels, 379).
LABRADOR to WASHINGTON, COLORADO, and UTAH.
237] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 89
240. J. Drummondii Mey. DRUMMOND'S RUSH.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 922).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
241. J. interior Wiegand. INLAND RUSH.
Common in swales and meadows on the plains, mesas,
and foothills, and following the main streams some distance
into the mountains, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 152).
ILLINOIS to WYOMING; MISSOURI to COLORADO. '
242. J. Arizonicus Wiegand. ARIZONA RUSH.
Dry beds of torrents, mesas at foot of the Flat-irons
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 964).
TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
243. J. confusus Coville. CONFUSED RUSH.
Swales along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 421).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON and COLORADO.
244. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. DUDLEY'S RUSH.
Swales, meadows, and mountain canons, 5100-8600 ft.
(Daniels, 965). Replaces /. interior Wiegand in the moun-
tain region.
MAINE to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to MEXICO.
245. J. bufonius L. TOAD RUSH.
Wet sandy soil throughout except at the higher eleva-
tions, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 251).
Cosmopolitan.
246. J. marginatus Rostk. GRASS-LEAVED RUSH.
Irrigation ditches along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft.
(Daniels, 740). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
MAINE to ONTARIO; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
247. J. longistylis Torr. LONG-STYLED RUSH.
Common in swales, about ditches and ponds, and in wet
meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 249).
ALBERTA to IDAHO; NEBRASKA to MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
9O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [238
248. J. triglumis L. THREE-FLOWERED RUSH.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1007).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW YORK to COLORADO.
249. J. castaneus Smith. CHESTNUT RUSH.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 639).
GREENLAND to ALASKA and COLORADO.
250. J. nodosus L. KNOTTED RUSH.
In swales and along ditches and streams, 5100-6500 ft.
(Daniels, 735).
NOVA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA: VIR-
GINIA to NEVADA.
251. J. Torreyi Coville. TORREY'S RUSH.
With the preceding, but more abundant, 5100-6500 ft.
(Daniels, 495).
NEW YORK to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
251^. J. Mertensianus Bong. MERTENS' RUSH.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
252. J. parous Rydb. REDDISH BROWN RUSH.
Dry beds of torrents, mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 373).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
253. J. Saximontanus A. Nelson [/. xiphioides montanm
Engelm.]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN RUSH.
Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora; also a dwarf form
on Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 8500-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 703).
89. JTINCOIDES Adans. WOOD RUSH.
254. J. parviflorum melanocarpum (Michx,) Cocker ell. Nov.
comb. \Luzula, melanocarpus Michx.]. SMALL-FLOWERED
WOOD RUSH.
Canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 7000-8100 ft.
239] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 91
(Daniels, 332). A similar form was gathered above Bloom-
erville, 9000-10000 ft. Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE:
ASIA.
254a. J. parviflorum subcongestum (S. Wats.) Daniels. Nov.
comb. [Luzula spadicea subcongesta S. Wats.]. DENSE-
CYMED WOOD RUSH.
Alpine valley near edge of snow, Bloomerville, 8500-
11500 ft. (Daniels, 328).
COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
255- J» spicatiim (L.) Kuntze [Luzula spicata (L.) Desv.].
SPIKED WOOD RUSH.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 896).
GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to
CALIFORNIA.
Family 20. ALLIACEAE Batch. Onion family.
90. ALLTUM L. ONION.
256. A. recurvatum Rydb. [A. cernuum obtusum Cocker-
ell]. RECURVED WILD ONION.
Common throughout the mesas, foothills and the moun-
tain plateau, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 452). Also in the
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and NEW MEXICO.
257. A. Nuttallii S. Wats. NUTTALL'S WILD ONION.
Aspen bog at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 336). Also
southwest of Ward (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to COLORADO.
258. A. Geyeri S. Wats. [A. dictyotum Greene; A. reticula-
tum deserticola Jones]. GEYER'S WILD ONION.
Common throughout in both dry and moist soils, 5100-
11500 ft. (Daniels, 54).
NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO.
92 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [240
259. A. reticulatum Fraser. FRASER'S WILD ONION.
Springy canons in the foothills and the mountain plateau,
6000-8500 ft. (Daniels, 292).
SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO; SOUTH DAKOTA to ARIZONA.
260. A. Pikeanum Rydb. PIKE'S PEAK WILD ONION.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1002).
COLORADO.
Family 21. LILIACEAE Adans. Lily family.
91. LEUCOCRINTIM Nutt. SAND LILY.
261. L. montanum Nutt. MOUNTAIN SAND LILY.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400
ft. (Daniels). Very abundant at Boulder (Cockerell).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA and COLORADO.
92. LILIIIM L. LILY.
262. L. Philadelphicum montanum (A. Nelson) Cocker-
ell. Nov. comb. MOUNTAIN LILY.
Springy canon on north slope of Green Mt, 6500-8000
ft. (Daniels, 355). Occasionally bearing two or more flowers.
MONTANA to COLORADO.
93. ERYTHRONITTM L. ADDER' S-TONGUE. DOG-TOOTH
VIOLET.
263. E. parviflorum (S. Wats.) Goodding [E. grandiflorum
parviflorum S. Wats.]. SMALL-FLOWERED ADDER'S TONGUE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 888).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
94. LLOYDIA Salisb.
264. L. serotina (L.) Sweet. LATE LLOYDIA.
Arapahoe Peak, 10000-14000 ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to ALASKA and COLORADO.
241] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 93
Family 22. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lily-of-the-valley
family.
95. VAGNERA Adans. FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.
265. V. racemosa (L.) Morong [Smilacina racemosa (L.)
Desf.]. WILD SPIKENARD.
Boulder Canon, 6500-8500 ft. (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA.
266. V. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene [Smilacina amplex-
icaulis Nutt.] CLASPING-LEAVED FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.
Common in shady canons throughout; at the edge of the
wasting snows in a high alpine valley above Bloomerville
July 7, 1906, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 143).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
267. V. stellata (L.) Morong [Smilacina stellata (L.)
Desf.] STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.
Common throughout; along ditches and streams in the
plains, and in canons and wooded valleys in the mesas and
mountains, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, in). St. Vrain creek
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
NEWFOUNDLAND to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA; VIRGINIA
to COLORADO.
96. STREPTOPUS Michx. TWISTED STALK.
268. S. amplexifolius (L.) DC. CLASPING-LEAVED TWISTED
STALK.
Local in deep canons in the foothills and mountains,
6500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 456).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to COLORADO
and OREGON.
97. DISPORUM Salisb.
269. D. majus (Hook.) Britton [D. trachycarpum (S. Wats.)
B. & H.; Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.]. ROUGH -
FRUITED DISPORUM.
Local in company with the preceeding, 6500 (Green Mt.;
Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 455). Also at Eldora
(Rydberg).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to ARIZONA.
94 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [242
98. ASPARAGUS L.
270. A. officinalis L. COMMON ASPARAGUS.
A common escape throughout the cultivated district,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 114).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 23. DRACAENACEAE Link. Dragon-tree family.
99. YUCCA L. SPANISH BAYONET.
271. Y. glauca Nutt. [Y. angustifolia Pursh]. NARROW-
LEAVED SPANISH BAYONET.
Common in the plains, mesas, and foothills; just north of
the entrance to Bear Canon it forms the main facies of the
vegetation, 5100-6500 (Green Mt.) ft. (Even higher I think
on the first line of hills). (Daniels, 39).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
Family 24. CALOCHORTACEAE Rydb. Mariposa lily family.
100. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. MARIPOSA LILY.
272. C. Gunnisonii S. Wats. GUNNISON'S MARIPOSA LILY.
Common in the mesas and mountain meadows, 5600-
10000 ft. (Daniels, 53). At Ward occurs the forma imma-
culatus Cockerell (Cockerell).
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
Family 25. SMILACEAE Vent. Greenbrier family.
101. NEMEXIA Raf. CARRION FLOWER.
273. N. lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. [Smilax lasioneuron
Hook.; N. herbacea melica A. Nelson]. WESTERN CAR-
RION FLOWER.
Canons in the mesas and foothills; especially frequent in
gulches on the east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 224). The type locality of N. herbacea melica A,
Nelson.
SASKATCHEWAN to NEBRASKA and COLORADO.
243] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 95
Order 13. AMARYLLIDALES.
Family 26. IXIACEAE Ecklon. Ixia family.
102. SISYBJNCHITTM L. BLUE-EYED GRASS.
274. S. alpestre Bickn. ALPINE BLUE-EYED GRASS.
Mountain meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 648).
COLORADO.
275. S. angustifolium Miller. NARROW-LEAVED BLUE-EYED
GRASS.
Common in meadows and about streams throughout ex-
cept at the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 72).
Also at North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA;
VIRGINIA to COLORADO.
103. IRIS L. FLEUR-DE-LIS.
276. I. Missouriensis Nutt. MISSOURI BLUE FLAG.
In swales and wet meadows about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels). Common at 8000-9000 ft. at Eldora, Hesse, Mil-
ler's Ranch (Ramaley). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wa-
bash College Herb.)
NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
Order 14. ORCHIDALES.
Family 27. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Orchis family.
104. HMNORCHIS Rydb. BOG ORCHIS.
277. L. stricta (Lindl.) Rydb. NARROW-SPIKED BOG ORCHIS.
Subalpine bogs and springy mountainsides at Eldora,
8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 993).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON.
278. L. viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. GREEN-FLOWERED BOG OR-
CHIS,
Common in deep canons and about springs throughout
the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels,
69).
ALBERTA to ALASKA and COLORADO.
g6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [244
279. I. borealis (Cham.) Rydb. NORTHERN BOG ORCHIS.
Springs on mountainside at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 842).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON.
280. L. laxiflora Rydb. LOOSE-FLOWERED BOG ORCHIS.
Common in deep mountain canons, 6500-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 602).
OREGON to COLORADO and UTAH.
105. PEPEEIA Rydb. PIPER'S ORCHIS.
281. P. ITnalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. [Habenaria Una-
laschensis S. Wats.] ALASKAN PIPER'S ORCHIS.
Under pines on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 470). Also on South Boulder Peak, 8500
ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
106. IBIDIUM Salisb. LADIES' TRESSES.
282. I. B-omanzoffiamim strictum (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov.
comb. \Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.] NARROW - SPIKED
LADIES' TRESSES.
One plant in a deep canon on the north slope of Green
Mt.; common in springy bogs at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 769).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO.
107. OPHRYS (Tourn.) L. TWAYBLADE.
283. 0. borealis (Morong) Rydb. [Listera borealis Morong].
NORTHERN TWAYBLADE.
Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6500-
8100 ft (Daniels, 607).
HUDSON BAY to MACKENZIE; COLORADO to MONTANA.
283^2. 0. nephrophylla Rydb. [Listera nephrophylla Rydb.]
KIDNEY-LEAVED TWAYBLADE.
Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
ALASKA to COLORADO and OREGON.
245] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 97
108. PERAMITTM Salisb. RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN.
284. P. ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. SNAKE-MOUTH RATTLE-
SNAKE PLANTAIN.
Densely wooded canons on north slope of Green Mt, very
rare, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 827).
PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND to SOUTH DAKOTA; NORTH CAR-
OLINA to COLORADO.
109. ACROANTHES Raf. ADDER'S MOUTH.
285. A. monophylla (L.) Greene [Microstylis monophylla
(L.) Lindl.]. ONE-LEAVED ADDER'S MOUTH.
Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very scarce,
6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 342).
QUEBEC to MINNESOTA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO.
110. CYTHEREA Salisb. CALYPSO.
286. C. bulbosa (L.) House. [Calypso borealis Salisb.].
NORTHERN CALYPSO.
Nederland, Boulder County, 8263 ft. (Miss Zora Phillips).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; MAINE to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE.
111. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. CORALROOT.
286^. C. ochroleuea Rydb. YELLOW CORALROOT.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
287. C. Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. [C. innata R. Br.]. EARLY
CORALROOT.
Canon in mesa at foot of Flagstaff Hill, only two plants,
5700-5800 ft. (Daniels, 122). Also at Caribou, 10000 ft.
(Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; GEORGIA to COLORADO and
WASHINGTON.
288. C. multiflora Nutt. LARGE CORALROOT.
A solitary cluster of plants under conifers at the Royal
Arch at base of the Flat-irons, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 229). Also
on North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
98 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [246
Sub-class 2. DICOTYLEDONES.
Series i. CHORIPETALAE.
Order 15. SALICALES.
Family 28. SALIC ACE AE Li n d 1 . Willow family.
112. POPTJLUS L. POPLAR. ASPEN. COTTONWOOD.
289. P. tremuloides aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels, Nov. comb.*
AMERICAN ASPEN.
Throughout the foothills and mountain region except at the
higher elevations, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 314).
NEWFOUNDLAND to HUDSON BAY and ALASKA; NEW JERSEY
and TENNESSEE to MEXICO and LOWER CALIFORNIA.
290. P. Sargentii Dode. [P. occidentals (Rydb.) Britton;
P. deltoides occidentalis Rydb.]. WESTERN COTTONWOOD.
Common along streams, ascending Boulder creek as far
as Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 820). Also at Lyons
(Rydberg). "
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to ARIZONA.
291. P. acuminata Rydb. BLACK COTTONWOOD.
A solitary tree near a stream about half way between
Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 819). Common in
all gulches; there are large trees in Sunshine Canon, 6500 ft.
(Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA.
292. P. angustifoHa James. NARROW-LEAVED COTTONWOOD.
Along streams and in canons on the mesas and in the
foothills and mountains, 5400-9000 ft. (Daniels, 52).
NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
293. P. balsamifera L. BALSAM POPLAR.
Fourth of July mine; Eldora; Allenspark, 8000-10000 ft.
(Ramaley).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW ENGLAND to COLORADO.
*See Appendix A.
247] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 99
113. SALIX L. WILLOW.
294. S. amygdaloides Anders. PEACH WILLOW.
Common along streams; the only willow, except the next,
of tree size about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 90).
QUEBEC to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to MISSOURI and
ARIZONA.
295. S. caudata (Nutt.) Piper [S. Fendleriana Anders. ; S.
pentandra caudata Nutt.; 5. lasiandra Fendleriana Bebb].
FENDLER'S WILLOW.
Along streams in mountain canons, 5500 (Boulder creek)-
10000 ft. (Daniels, 807).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
296. S. exigua Nutt. NARROWLEAF WILLOW.
Marshall; Valmont; Boulder; South Boulder Canon; near
junction of Fourmile and Boulder creeks, 5000-9000 ft.
(Ramaley).
MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
297. S. luteosericea Rydb. SILKY SANDBAR WILLOW.
Sandy stream flats in the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 134).
NEBRASKA to IDAHO and COLORADO.
297//2- S. lutea Nutt. YELLOW WILLOW.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
CANADA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
298. S. Wolfii Bebb. WOLF'S WILLOW.
Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
299. S. irrorata Anders. BLOOM-BRANCHED WILLOW.
Gregory Canon (E. Bethel). «
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
300. S. perrostrata Rydb. LONG-BEAKED WILLOW.
Common in mountain canons, 5500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 811).
HUDSON BAY to ALASKA and COLORADO.
IOO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [248
301. S. Bebbiana Sarg. [S. rostrata Richardson]. BEBB'S
WILLOW.
Canons and mountain valleys, frequent, 5700-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 824). St.Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
ANTICOSTI to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA.
302. S. Scouleriana Barratt [S. Nuttallii Sarg. ; S. flavescens
Nutt.]. NUTTALL'S WILLOW.
High alpine valley next to snow, above Bloomerville,
Boulder Canon, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 321). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
303. S. brachycarpa Nutt. DWARF WILLOW.
Silver lake, 7000-11000 ft. (Ramaley).
QUEBEC to ALBERTA and COLORADO.
304. S. pseudolapponicum Seem. FALSE LAPLAND WILLOW.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 883). Also between Eldora and Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
305. S. glaucops Anderson. GLAUCOUS WILLOW.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 937). Also mountains south of Ward, and between
Sunshine and Ward, (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to YUKON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
306. S. chlorophylla Anders. GREEN-LEAF WILLOW.
Near Fourth of July mine, (Ramaley).
LABRADOR and NEW HAMPSHIRE to ALASKA and COLORADO.
307. S. petrophila Rydb. [S. arctica petraea Anderson].
ROCK-LOVING WILLOW.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 951).
NEW HAMPSHIRE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to
UTAH.
249] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IOI
308. S. Saximontana Rydb. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WILLOW.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 901).
WYOMING and COLORADO to WASHINGTON and CALIFORNIA.
Order 16. FAGALES.
Family 29. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch family.
114. BETTILA L. BIRCH.
309. B. papyrifera Andrewsii (A. Nels.) Daniels [B. Andrewsii
A. Nels.] ANDREWS'S CANOE BIRCH.
A few patches in valleys on the north slope of Green
Mountain (Daniels, 1018). The type locality.
COLORADO, as above.
310. B. fontinalis Sarg. [B. occidentalis S. Wats.]. FOUN-
TAIN BIRCH. WESTERN RED BIRCH.
Everywhere along streams except at high altitudes, where
the next takes its place, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 149). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter
in Wabash College Herb.).
ALBERTA to YUKON; SOUTH DAKOTA to NEW MEXICO and
OREGON.
311. B. glandulosa Michx. GLANDULAR BIRCH. SCRUB BIRCH.
In bogs, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-11000 ft. (Rydberg):
Ward (Cockerell).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; MAINE to COLORADO and OREGON:
ASIA.
115. ALNTJS Gaertn. ALDER.
312. A. tenuifolia Nutt. [A. ineana mrescens S. Wats.].
THIN-LEAVED ALDER.
Along streams throughout, 5400 (Boulder creek) -10000 ft.
(Daniels, 571). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
IO2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [250
Family 30. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazel family.
116. CORYLUS L. HAZEL.
313. C. rostrata Ait. BEAKED HAZEL NUT.
Abundant in canons in the mesas, foothills, and the moun-
tain plateau, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 116).
NOVA SCOTIA to NORTH DAKOTA; GEORGIA to COLORADO.
Order 17. URTICALES.
Family 31. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle family.
117. TTRTICA L. NETTLE.
314. U. gracilis Ait. SLENDER NETTLE.
Common in stream-flats both in and out of shade, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 583). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to NEW MEXICO
118. PARIETARIA L. PELLITORY.
315. P. Pennsylvanica Muhl. PENNSYLVANIA PELLITORY.
Moist places under rocks and in canons and on shady
banks of streams, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 498).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to MEXICO.
316. P. obtusa Rydb. OBTUSE-LEAVED PELLITORY.
Sunset Canon, 6000 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO to UTAH; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
Family 32. CANNABINACEAE Lindl. Hemp family.
119. HITMTJLUS L. HOP.
317. H. Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus A. Nels. & Cockerell. NEW
MEXICO HOP.
Rocky banks of canons and along streams and in waste
places as along fences, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 573).
WYOMING to UTAH; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
2$T\ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO3
Family 33- ULMACEAE Mirbel. Elm family.
120. TTLMUS L. ELM.
318. TI. Americana L. AMERICAN ELM.
A tree of considerable size occurs in a wild place near the
entrance to Boulder Canon, doubtless self-sown from trees
planted for shade, 5500 ft. (Daniels).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to TEXAS.
121. CELTIS L. HACKBERRY.
319. C. reticulata Torr. VEINY-LEAVED HACKBERRY.
Rocky ridges on the mesas and foothills, scarce, 5700-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 796).
TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
Order 18. SANTALALES.
Family 34. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe family.
122. KAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. SMALL MISTLETOE.
320. R. Americana (Nutt.) Kuntze [Arceuthobium Ameri-
canum Nutt.]. AMERICAN SMALL MISTLETOE.
On Pinus contorta Murray ana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. at
Sunset, 7700 ft. (Rydberg).
BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO and OREGON.
321. R. cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville [Arceuthobium cryp-
topodum Engelm; A. robustum Engelm]. HIDDEN-FOOTED
SMALL MISTLETOE.
On Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon upon high ridge
well toward eastern summit of Green Mt, 7500-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 770). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
TEXAS and COLORADO to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
Family 35. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood family.
123. COMANDRA Nutt. BASTARD TOAD-FLAX.
322. C. pallida A. DC. PALE BASTARD TOAD-FLAX.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000
ft. (Daniels, 49). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
IO4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [252
Order 19. POLYGONALES.
Family 36. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Knotweed family.
124. ERIOGONHM Michx. WOOL-JOINT.
323. E. alatum Torr. WINGED WOOL-JOINT.
Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and open moun-
tainsides, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 170).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
324. E. vegetius (T. & G.) A. Nels. [E. flavum vegetius T.
& G. ; E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats. ; E. Bakeri Greene] .
BAKER'S WOOL-JOINT.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Meadow
Park, 9000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING to UTAH; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
325. E. flavum Nutt. [E. crassifolium Dougl.]. YELLOW
WOOL-JOINT.
Common in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 368).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
326. E. umbellatmn Torr. UMBELLATE WOOL-JOINT.
Very abundant in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 55).
WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to UTAH.
327. E. subalpinum Greene. SUBALPINE WOOL-JOINT.
Along the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak
and ascending to the timberline, but not above it, 8600-
uooo ft. (Daniels, 950).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
328. E. effusum Nutt. EFFUSE WOOL- JOINT.
Plains and mesas between Marshall and South Boulder
Peaks, and along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 439).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA and COLORADO.
253] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO5
125. RTTMEX L. DOCK.
329. R. Acetosella L. SHEEP SORREL.
Along railroads and roadsides, and in fields and waste
places, in 1906 still somewhat scarce, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
589). Very common now (1910), along railways up to 9000 ft.
and higher (Ramaley).
EUROPE: ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
330. R. occidentalis S. Wats. WESTERN DOCK.
In Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 710).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
331. R. densiflorus Osterh. [R. Bakeri Greene]. DENSE-
FLOWERED DOCK.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 908).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
332. R. crispus L. CURLY DOCK.
Fields and waste places and becoming common in ditches
and swales, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 491).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
333. R. salicifolius Weinm. WILLOW-LEAVED DOCK.
Common in ditches, shallow streams, and in swales and
low meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 234).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; TEXAS to LOWER CALIFORNIA: EU-
ROPE.
334. R. obtusifolius L. BITTER DOCK.
Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
126. OXYRIA Hill.
335. 0. digyna (L.) Hill. MOUNTAIN SORREL.
Creek-banks at Eldora; above timberline, Arapahoe Peak,
8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 844).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NEW HAMPSHIRE to ARIZONA and
CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA.
IO6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [254
127. POLYGONTIM L. KNOTWEED.
336. P. erectum L. ERECT KNOTWEED.
Along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 580).
MAINE to ALBERTA ; GEORGIA to ARKANSAS and COLORADO.
337. P. buxiforme Small. BOX-LIKE KNOTWEED.
Bear Canon, and all waste places, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels,
698).
ONTARIO to WASHINGTON ; VIRGINIA to TEXAS and NEVADA.
338. P. aviculare L. DOORWEED.
Common about houses, along railroads, and in all waste
places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 582).
ASIA: EUROPE: NORTH AMERICA.
339. P. ramosissimum Michx. BUSHY KNOTWEED.
Common along railroads and roads, and in low weedy
grounds, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 519).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; ILLINOIS to NEW MEXICO and
NEVADA; MAINE to NEW JERSEY along the coast.
340. P. Sawatchense Small. SAGUACHE KNOTWEED.
High mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 178).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to ARIZONA and
CALIFORNIA.
341. P. confertiflorum Nuttall [P. Watsonii Small]. WAT-
SON'S KNOTWEED.
About the quarries at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 660).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
342. P. unifolium. Small. ONE-LEAVED KNOTWEED.
Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft (Daniels, 672).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
343. P. Engelmannii Greene [P. tenue micros permum
Engelm.]. ENGELMANN'S KNOTWEED.
Sandy stream-flats, especially common along the railroad in
Boulder Canon, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 568).
MONTANA and COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA.
255] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO7
344. P. Douglasii Greene. DOUGLAS'S KNOTWEED.
Common in open, especially sandy places throughout, 5100*-
loooo ft. (Daniels, 958).
VERMONT to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW YORK to NEW MEX-
ICO and CALIFORNIA.
344a. P. Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small [P. consimile
Greene]. BRANCHED DOUGLAS'S KNOTWEED.
Gregory Canon, 6000-6300 ft. (Daniels, 546). Lower Boul-
der Canon (Rydberg).
Range of the type?
128. PERSICARIA Adans. SMARTWEED. LADY'S
THUMB.
345. P. emersa (Michx.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Polygonum
Muhlenbergii S. Wats; Polygonum emersum (Michx.)
Britton]. MUHLENBERG'S LADY'S THUMB.
Along ditches and in swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels).
MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; VIRGINIA to CALIFORNIA and
346. P. lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum lapathifo-
lium L.]. DOCK-LEAVED LADY'S THUMB.
Swales and ditches in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
506).
EUROPE: ASIA: NORTH AMERICA.
347. P. Persicaria (L.) Small. [Polygonum Persicaria L.].
COMMON LADY'S THUMB.
Common in waste places, and along ditches and in swales,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 517).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
348. P. punctata (Ell.) Small [Polygonum punctatum Ell.;
Polygonum acre H. B. K.]. WATER SMARTWEED. DOTTED
WATER PEPPER.
Margins of ponds, in swales and springy grounds, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 798).
NORTH AMERICA: CENTRAL AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA.
108 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [256
129. BISTORTA Tourn. BISTORT.
349. B. bistortoides (Pursh) Small [Polygonum Bistorta ob-
longifolium Meisn.]. OBLONG-LEAVED BISTORT.
Along Arapahoe Trail and above timberline on Arapahoe
Peak, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 890).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
350. B. vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum viviparum L.].
ALPINE BISTORT.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
894). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake,
10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO : EU-
ROPE: ASIA.
130. TINIARIA Reichenb. FALSE BUCKWHEAT.
351. T. Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Moq. [Polygonum Con-
volvulus L.]. BLACK BINDWEED. COMMON FALSE BUCK-
WHEAT.
Along railroads and roads; throughout the cultivated area
as a weed in fields, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 484).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Order 20. CHENOPODIALES.
Family 37. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosefoot family.
131. CHENOPODITTM L. GOOSEFOOT. LAMB'S QUAR-
TERS. PIGWEED.
352. C. leptophyllum Nutt. NARROW-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.
Common in the plains, mesas, and gullies of the foothills and
mountains, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 604).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to ARIZONA.
353. C. oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. [C. leptophyllum ob-
longifolium S. Wats.]. OBLONG-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.
Common in dry places on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000
ft. (Daniels, 994).
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; MISSOURI and TEXAS to ARI-
ZONA.
257] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO9
354. C. incanum (S. Wats.) Heller [C. Fremontii incanum
S. Wats.]. HOARY GOOSEFOOT.
Frequent on the plains and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 411).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA.
355. C. Fremontii S. Wats. FREMONT'S GOOSEFOOT.
Bear Canon in shade, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 829).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
356. C. album L. WHITE GOOSEFOOT. COMMON PIGWEED.
Common in fields, yards, and waste places, 5100-8600 ft.
(Daniels, 806).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence a cosmopolitan weed.
357. C. hybridum L. MAPLE-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.
Common in shady canons, and as a weed in gardens and
waste places, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 601).
Temperate NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE.
358. C. rubrum L. [Blitum rubrum (L.) Reichenb.]. RED
GOOSEFOOT.
Along Boulder Canon near Falls, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels,
549).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW JERSEY to COL-
ORADO : EUROPE : ASIA.
359. C. Botrys L. FEATHER GERANIUM. JERUSALEM OAK.
Common in waste places and along railroads in coal ashes.
5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 598).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
132. BLITUM L. ELITE.
360. B. capitatum L. STRAWBERRY ELITE.
Frequent in canons and along mountain roads, 6000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 545). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA : EU-
ROPE.
HO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [258
133. CYCLOLOMA Moq.
361. C. atriplicifolium (Sprang.) Coult. [C. platyphyllum
Moq.] WINGED PIGWEED.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall ; also along
the railroad in Sunset Canon, 5400-7700 ft. (Daniels, 485).
Marshall (W. W. Robbins).
ONTARIO to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA.
134. MONOLEPIS Schrad.
362. M. Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene [M. chenopodioides
Moq.]. NUTT ALL'S MONOLEPIS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, the only ruderal observed
there, 11000-15000 ft. (Daniels, 918).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
135. ATRIPLEX L. ORACHE.
363. A. carnosa A. Nels. FLESHY ORACHE.
Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 729).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA; KANSAS to COLORADO.
364. A. argentea Nutt. SILVERY ORACHE.
Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 730). '
NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to COLO-
RADO.
365. A. oecidentalis Torr & Fremont. WESTERN ORACHE.
Dry mesas at Boulder (Rydberg).
COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
366. A. hortensis L. GARDEN ORACHE.
Along railroads and in yards, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 679).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
136. EUROTIA Adans. WHITE SAGE.
367. E. lanata (Pursh) Moq. WOOLLY WHITE SAGE.
Plains at Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; KANSAS to CALIFORNIA.
137. COBISPERMTJM L. BUGSEED.
368. C. marginale Rydb. MARGINAL -FRUITED BUGSEED.
Valleys near Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
259] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO III
138. DONDIA Adans. SFA ELITE.
369. D. depressa (Pursh) Britton [Suaeda depressa S.Wats.].
LOW SEA ELITE.
About the shores of Boulder lake, and other brackish lakes
and pools, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 778). Near Boulder (W. W.
Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; COLORADO to NEVADA.
369^. D. erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. [Suaeda depressa
erecta S. Wats.]. ERECT SEA ELITE
Calkins lake (W. W. Robbins).
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
139. SALSOLA L. SALTWORT. SEA KALE.
370. S. Tragus L. RUSSIAN THISTLE.
Very common in waste places and along railroads, 5100-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 419).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 38. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Amaranth
family.
140. AMARANTHUS L. AMARANTH. PIGWEED.
371. A. Powellii S. Wats. POWELL'S PIGWEED.
Sandy valleys at Boulder (Rydberg).
TEXAS to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
372. A. retroflexus L. ROUGH PIGWEED.
Abounding in fields and waste places, 5100-7000 (clearings
in Bear Canon, perhaps even higher in the mountains) ft.
(Daniels, 812).
TROPICAL AMERICA, thence a cosmopolitan weed.
373. A. blitoides S. Wats. PROSTRATE PIGWEED.
Along thoroughfares, and in fields, waste places, and creek-
sands throughout, very common, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 814).
COLORADO to UTAH and MEXICO, thence to the rest of the
UNITED STATES and SOUTHERN CANADA.
112 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [260
374. A. graecizans L. [A. albus L.]. WHITE PIGWEED. TUM-
BLE WEED.
Common in waste places, especially on the plains, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 813).
TROPICAL AMERICA, thence throughout NORTH AMERICA.
141. FROEUCHIA Moench.
375. F. gracilis Moq. SLENDER FROELICHIA.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall; also
along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels,
476).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; ARKANSAS to TEXAS.
Family 39. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. Corrigiola
family.
142. PARONYCHIA Adans. WHITLOWWORT.
376. P. pulvinata Gray. PULVINATE WHITLOWWORT.
Massif de T Arapahoe, 1100-13500 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH.
377. P. Jamesii T. & G. JAMES'S WHITLOW-WORT.
Common in open situations throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 136). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
at Meadow Park and Lyons (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and MEX-
ICO.
Family 40. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Umbrella-wort
family.
143. ABRONIA Juss.
378. A. fragrans Nutt. FRAGRANT ABRONIA.
Near Boulder (Tweedy). Valmont Butte, not getting to
Boulder (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO ; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO.
144. ALIIONIA LoefTl. UMBRELLA-WORT.
379. A. nyctaginea Michx. [Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet].
HEART-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT.
Plains and mesas, especially about streams, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 113).
ILLINOIS to SASKATCHEWAN ; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
26 1 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 113
380. A. hirsuta Pursh. HAIRY UMBRELLA-WORT.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 353).
WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI
to COLORADO.
381. A. diffusa Heller. DIFFUSE UMBRELLA- WORT.
On the plains and mesas and rich mountain slopes, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 167).
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; KANSAS to ARIZONA.
382. A. lanceolata Rydb. LANCE-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Tweedy).
MINNESOTA to WYOMING; TENNESSEE to TEXAS and COLO-
RADO.
383. A. linearis Pursh [Oxybaphus angustifolius Sweet].
NARROW-LEAVED UMBRELLA-WORT.
On the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 960).
MINNESOTA to MONTANA ; LOUISIANA to ARIZONA and MEX-
ICO.
Family 41. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. New Zealand
spinach family.
145. MOLLUGO L. CARPET-WEED.
384. M. verticillata L. COMMON CARPET-WEED.
Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and
South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 427). Not in
Rydberg's Flora.
TROPICAL AMERICA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 42. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane family.
146. TALINUM Adans. FAME-FLOWER.
385. T. parviflorum Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED FAME-FLOWER.
Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and
South Boulder Peaks; also on rocks in Gregory Canon, 5400-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 437).
MINNESOTA to SOUTH DAKOTA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
114 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [262
147. CLAYTONIA L. SPRING BEAUTY.
386. C. rosea Rydb. ROSY SPRING BEAUTY.
Common at Boulder (Cockerell).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALI-
FORNIA.
387. C. megarrhiza Parry. LARGE-ROOTED SPRING BEAUTY.
Arapahoe Peak, towards summit, 12000-13500 ft. (Daniels,
889, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
MONTANA and COLORADO to UTAH.
148. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. WATER SPRING BEAUTY.
388. C. Chamissoi (Ledeb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Claytonia
Chamissonis Esch.]. CHAMISSO'S WATER SPRING BEAUTY.
Along ditches in the plains, and in deep canons in the foot-
hills and mountains ; along streams at Ward and Bloomerville ;
in subalpine bogs at Eldora; and in wet tundras on Arapahoe
Peak, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 239). Arapahoe Pass (Ryd-
berg).
MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
149. OREOBROMA Howell. BITTER ROOT.
389. 0. pygmaea (Gray) Ho'well. [Calandrinia pygmaea
Gray; Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) Robinson]. PYGMY BIT-
TER ROOT.
Arapahoe Peak, 12000 ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100
ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA and COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
150. PORTULACA L. PURSLANE. PUSSLEY.
390. P. oleracea L. COMMON PURSLANE.
Campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder (Cock-
erell).
TROPICAL AMERICA, now cosmopolitan.
391. P. retusa Engelm. RETUSE-LEAVED PURSLANE.
Along the railroad in Sunset Canon, 5700-7700 ft. (Daniels,
722).
ARKANSAS to NEVADA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
263] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 115
Family 43. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Chickweed Family.
151. ALSINE L. CHICKWEED. STAR WORT.
392. A. media L. [Stellaria media (L.) Cyr.]. COMMON CHICK-
WEED.
Streets in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 803).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence a cosmopolitan weed.
393. A. Baicalensis Coville [Stellaria umbellata Turcz.]. LAKE
BAICAL STARWORT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline in wet tundras, iiooo-
13500 ft. (Daniels, 929). Also along mountain streams from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to OREGON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA : SIBERIA.
394. A. longifolia (Muhl.) Britton [Stellaria longifolia
Muhl.]. LONG-LEAVED STITCH WORT.
In high alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-
nooo ft. (Daniels, 326).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; MARYLAND to COLORADO: EU-
ROPE: ASIA.
395. A. longipes (Goldie) Coville [Stellaria longipes Goldie].
LONG-PEDICELLED STITCHWORT.
Wet meadows at Caribou, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA and COLORADO : SIBERIA.
395a. A. longipes stricta (Richardson) Rydb. [Stellaria
stricta Richardson] . STRICT LONG-PEDICELLED STITCHWORT.
Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-11000 ft. (Rydberg).
Range of the type, but extending to CALIFORNIA.
396. A. Jamesiana (Torr.) Heller [Stellaria Jamesiana Torr.].
JAMES'S STARWORT.
Along a stream in the mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 26). The plants have fimbriate petals!
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
152 CERASTITTM L. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.
397. C. occidentale Greene. WESTERN MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountainsides in
Il6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [264
sheltered places and about streams and springs, 5700 (stream
in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill) — 12000 ft. (Daniels, 24). St.
Vrain Canon, 7000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
153. ARENARIA L. SANDWORT.
398. A. Tweedyi Rydb. T WEEDY 's SANDWORT.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1003).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
399* A. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S SANDWORT.
High mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks,
thence throughout the mountain region, 5700-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 425). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
at Caribou (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
399a. A. Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. DIFFUSE FEND-
LER'S SANDWORT.
Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, and in the
foothills and mountains, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 423).
COLORADO.
154. ALSINOPSIS Small.
400. A. propinqua (Richardson) Rydb. [Arenaria propinqua
Richardson; A. verna aequicaulis A. Nels.]. GLANDULAR
SANDWORT.
Arapahoe Peak in dry tundras, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
754). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
401. A. obtusiloba Rydb. [Arenaria obtusa Torr.]. OBTUSE-
LEAVED SANDWORT.
Very common in dry tundras, forming often the main part of
the turf, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 913). Also
at Caribou.. 10000 ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
265] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 1/
Family 44. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink family.
155. SELENE L. CAMPION. CATCHFLY.
402. S. antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCHFLY.
Common on the plains and mesas, and in deep canons for
some distance in the mountains, 5100-6500 (Boulder Canon),
ft. (Daniels, 477).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI-
FORNIA and MEXICO.
402a. S. antirrMna depauperata Rydb. DEPAUPERATE SLEEPY
CATCHFLY.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 974).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARI-
ZONA.
403. S. noctiflora L. NIGHT-BLOOMING CATCHFLY.
Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder,
5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 815). Campus of the University of
Colorado (Cockerell).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
404. S. acaulis L. Moss CAMPION.
Dry tundras, Arapahoe Peak, where it is abundant and char-
acteristic, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 902).
GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to ARIZONA : arc-
tic-alpine in the OLD WORLD.
156. LYCHNIS L.
405. L. Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. DRUMMOND'S PINK.
Common in open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels,
173). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
157. VACCAPIA Medic.
406. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton [V. vulgaris Host; Saponaria
Vaccaria L.]. Cow HERB.
Common in waste places about Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Dan-
iels, 135).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Ilg UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [266
158. SAPONARIA L. SOAPWORT.
407. S. officinalis L. BOUNCING BET.
Roadsides and along railroads, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 725).
Not in Rydberg's Flora.
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Order 21. RAN ALES.
Family 45. CERATOPHYLLACEAE Gray. Hornwort family.
159. CEBATOPHYLLUM L. HORNWORT.
408. C. demersuxn L. COMMON HORNWORT.
Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 614).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA.
Family 46. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot family.
160. CALTHA L. MARSH MARIGOLD.
409. C. leptosepala DC. [C. rotundifolia (Huth) Greene;
C. chionophila Greene] . WHITE MARSH MARIGOLD.
Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to
Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above
timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 880). Long's Peak (Coul-
ter in Wabash College Herb.).
MACKENZIE to YUKON and ALASKA; COLORADO to NEVADA
and OREGON.
161. TROLLITJS L. GLOBE FLOWER.
410. T. albiflorus (Gray) Rydb. [T. laxus albiflorus Gray].
WHITE GLOBE FLOWER.
Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to
Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above
timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 919). Long's Peak (Coul-
ter in Wabash College Herb.).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
267] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IIQ
162. ACTAEA L. BANEBERRY.
411. A. argnta Nutt. WESTERN RED BANEBERRY.
Frequent in deep canons throughout, 6000 (Bear Canon at
entrance) — 10000 ft. (Daniels, 970).
MONTANA to ALASKA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA : NORTH-
ERN ASIA.
41 la. A. arguta eburnea (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Ac-
taea eburnea Rydb.]. IVORY BANEBERRY.
Mountain canons throughout, 6500 (Bear Canon) — 10000 ft.
(Daniels, 468).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALBERTA ; VERMONT to UTAH.
163. AQUILEGIA L. COLUMBINE.
412. A. coerulea James. AZURE COLUMBINE.
North slope of Green Mt. ; Bear Canon ; common on the
mountains between Sunset and Ward ; above timberline, Arap-
ahoe Peak, 6500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 350). Nearly extermi-
nated in the immediate region about Boulder. Also North
Boulder Peak (Rydberg). The State flower of Colorado.
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
164. DELPHINIUM L. LARKSPUR.
413. D. Penardii Huth. PENARD'S LARKSPUR.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 66).
COLORADO.
414. D. camporum Greene. PLAINS LARKSPUR.
Plains and foothills near Boulder, 5100-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
TEXAS to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
415. D. Nelsonii Greene. NELSON'S LARKSPUR.
Along streams in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 112). Sugarloaf Mountain, 8000 ft. (Ramaley).
ALBERTA to WASHINGTON ; NEBRASKA to UTAH.
416. D. occidentale S. Wats. [D. quercetorum Greene].
WESTERN LARKSPUR.
Rich mountainsides between Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8000
loooo ft. (Daniels, 628).
WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH.
I2O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [268
416^2. D. Barbeyi Huth [D. scopulorum subalpinum Gray; D.
subalpinum (Gray) A. Nels.]. BARBEY'S LARKSPUR.
Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
WYOMING and COLORADO.
417. D. Ajacis L. GARDEN LARKSPUR.
Escaped into streets in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 191).
EUROPE, thence to CANADA and the UNITED STATES.
165. ACONITITM L. MONKSHOOD.
418. A. porrectum Rydb. PORRECT MONKSHOOD.
Arapahoe Pass, 10000 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
419. A. Colnmbiamim Nutt. COLUMBIA MONKSHOOD.
Boulder Canon above the Falls near the Perfect Tree, 7500-
8000 ft. (Daniels, 540). Also Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
420. A. insigne Greene. SHOWY MONKSHOOD.
Subalpine meadows near Eldora, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels,
979).
COLORADO.
421. A. ochroleucum A. Nels. OCHROLEUCOUS MONKSHOOD.
Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 980).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
166. ANEMONE L. WIND FLOWER.
422. A. globosa Nutt. GLOBOSE ANEMONE.
Bear Canon, scarce; common in aspen bogs at Eldora and
Glacier Lake, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 446). Also at Caribou
(Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MACKENZIE and ALASKA; COLORADO to
CALIFORNIA.
269] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 12 1
423. A. cylindrica Gray. LONG-FRUITED ANEMONE.
Common in the mesas, thence following the streams in the
plains, and on the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 186).
NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to
ARIZONA.
424. A. Canadensis L. [A. Pennsylvania, L.] CANADA ANE-
MONE. PENNSYLVANIA ANEMONE.
Common in canons and along streams throughout, except in
the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 443).
LABRADOR to ALBERTA ; MARYLAND to NEW MEXICO.
167. PULSATILLA Adans. PASQUE FLOWER.
425. P. hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton [Anemone patens Nut-
talliana Gray] . AMERICAN PASQUE FLOWER.
Common in open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels,
219). Also Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell), and North Boul-
der Peak, and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Long's Peak
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
ILLINOIS to MACKENZIE; TEXAS to WASHINGTON.
425a. P. hirsutissima rosea (Cockerell) Daniels. Nov. comb.
PlNK PASQUE FLOWER.
Boulder (Miss Marie Gill). This rose-colored form is due
to some unusual acidity of the sap, not to a difference in the
character of the pigment.
168. CLEMATIS L. VIRGIN'S BOWER.
426. C. ligusticifolia Nutt. WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER.
Common among bushes in canons and along streams, ascend-
ing for a considerable distance into the mountains along the
principal streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 155).
NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to CALI-
FORNIA.
169. VIORNA Reichenb. LEATHER FLOWER.
427. V. Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. [Clematis Douglasii Jonesii
Kuntze]. JONES'S LEATHER FLOWER.
Scarce in the foothills at Orodell along Boulder Canon, 6000-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 723). Near Boulder (Patterson).
COLORADO to NEVADA.
122 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [270
428. V. eriophora Rydb. [Clematis eriophora Rydb.]. WOOL-
LY LEATHER FLOWER.
Foothills along Boulder Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 998).
Puzzling intermediates between this species and the preceding
were found at Orodell.
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
170. ATRAGENE L. BELL RUE.
429. A. occidentalis Hornem. [A. Columbiana Nutt.]. WEST-
ERN BELL RUE.
Very scarce in Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 761).
Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
171. MYOSURUS L. MOUSE TAIL.
430. M. apetalus Gay [M. aristatus Benth.]. BEAKED MOUSE
TAIL.
In muddy places, Long's Peak, 9000 ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA:
CHILI: NEW ZEALAND.
172. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. WHITE WATER CROW-
FOOT.
431. B. aquatile flaccidum (Pers.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [B.
flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr.]. FLACCID-LEAVED WHITE WA-
TER CROWFOOT.
Aquatic in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 618).
Also at Boulder (Pydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins).
LABRADOR to WASHINGTON; NORTH CAROLINA to LOWER
CALIFORNIA.
173. RANUNCULUS L. CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP.
432. R. reptans L. [R. Flammula reptans (L.) E. Meyer].
CREEPING CROWFOOT.
Common in limose places about Boulder; at Marshall; in
Sunset Canon; aspen and subalpine bogs at Glacier Lake and
27 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 123
Eldora, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 619). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to UTAH and OREGON:
EUROPE: ASIA.
433. R. ellipticus Greene. ELLIPTIC-LEAVED CROW-FOOT.
Long's Peak (Porter and Coulter).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA,
434. R. cardiophyllus Hook. [R. affinis cardiophyllus Gray].
HEART-LEAVED CROWFOOT.
Wet meadows and bogs from Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-
loooo ft. (Rydberg),
SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO.
435. R. inamoenus Greene. UGLY CROWFOOT.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 449). Also in meadows and
along streams at Caribou, and from Eldora to Baltimore, 7000-
loooo ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
436. R. micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. [R. affinis micropetalus
Greene]. SM ALL-PET ALLED CROWFOOT.
Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 715).
COLORADO to UTAH and ARIZONA.
437. R. pedatifidus J. G. Smith [R. affinis R. Br.]. NORTH-
ERN BUTTERCUP.
Alpine bogs and meadows, Eldora to Baltimore, 7000-12000
ft. (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; COLORADO to ARIZONA: SIBERIA.
438. R. alpeophilus A. Nels. ALPINE CROWFOOT.
In wet places near the snow at Caribou, 9000-12000 ft.
(Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
439. R. adoneus Gray. ADONIS-LIKE BUTTERCUP.
Alpine peaks at Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH.
124 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2/2
440. R. abortivus L. KIDNEY-LEAVED CROWFOOT.
Common in low grounds, 5100-9000 (streams at Bloomer-
ville) ft. (Daniels, 322).
LABRADOR to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
441. R. micranthus Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT.
In Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 828).
MASSACHUSETTS to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
442. R. sceleratus erexnogenes (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[R. eremogenes Greene]. WESTERN SWAMP CROWFOOT.
Along ditches and in swales about Boulder and Marshall;
along Four-mile creek in Sunset Canon, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 429).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
443. R. Macounii Britton. MACOUN'S BUTTERCUP.
About irrigation ditches in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 236).
ONTARIO to ALBERTA : IOWA to COLORADO.
174. HALERPESTES Greene.
444. H. Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene [Ranunculus Cymbalaria
Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl; Cyrtor-
rhyncha Cymbalaria (Pursh) Britton]. SEASIDE CROW-
FOOT.
Around ponds and irrigation ditches about Boulder and Mar-
shall on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 255). Also at
Ward (Cockerell). Valmont (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
NORTH AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA: ASIA.
175. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt.
445. C. ranunculina Nutt. [Ranunculus Nuttallii Gray].
NUTTALL'S BUTTERCUP.
Rare on the north slope of Green Mt., 6500-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 369). Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter
in Wabash College Herb.).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
273] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 125
176. THALICTRTTM L. MEADOW-RUE.
446. T. purpurascens L. PURPLISH MEADOW-RUE.
Springy canon at the foot of Flagstaff Hill; wet meadows
between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 434).
NOVA SCOTIA to SASKATCHEWAN ; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
447. T. Fendleri Engelm. FENDLER'S MEADOW-RUE.
Canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100 ft. (Dan-
iels, 532). Also in the mountains from Eldora to Baltimore
(Rydberg).
WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
Family 47. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily family.
177. NYMPHAEA L. YELLOW POND LILY.
448. N. polysepala (Engelm.) Greene [Nuphar polysepalum
Engelm.]. MANY-SEPALLED YELLOW POND LILY. WEST-
ERN SPATTER DOCK.
Alpine lakes at Ward, 9000-11000 ft. (Daniels). A portion
of Engelmann's type material came from the vicinity of Long's
Peak, lat. 40°.
MONTANA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
Family 48. BERBERIDACEAE T. & G. Barberry family.
178. ODOSTEMON Raf. OREGON GRAPES.
449. 0. repens (Lindl.) Cockerell [O. Aquifolium Rydb., not
Berberis Aquifolium Pursh; B. repens Lindl.]. CREEPING
OREGON GRAPES. HOLLY BARBERRY.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5700-
10000 ft. (Daniels, 471). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.).
MONTANA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
126 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [274
Order 22. PAPAVERALES.
Family 49. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy family.
179. PAPAVER L. POPPY.
450. P. Argemone L. ROUGH-FRUITED POPPY. WIND ROSE.
Escaped into streets and plains near dwellings, 5500-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 200).
EUROPE, thence to the UNITED STATES.
180. ARGEMONE L. PRICKLY POPPY.
451. A. intermedia Sweet. WHITE PRICKLY POPPY.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open meadows in the
foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 85).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to MEXICO.
452. A. hispida Gray [A. bipinnatifida Greene]. "HAIRY PRICK-
LY POPPY.
Plains and foothills near Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
Family 50. FUMARIACEAE DC. Fumitory family.
181. CAPNOIDES Adans. CORYDALIS.
453. C. aureum (Willd.) Kuntze [Corydalis aurea Willd.].
GOLDEN CORYDALIS.
Rather frequent in rocky places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 82). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward, and at Ward (Rydberg). Long's Peak (Coulter in
Wabash College Herb.).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA.
454. C. montamim (Engelm.) Britton [C. pachylobum
Greene; Corydalis aurea occidentals Gray]. MOUNTAIN
CORYDALIS.
Near Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to UTAH ; MISSOURI to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
275] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 127
Family 51. BRASSICACEAE Lindl. Mustard family.
182. CARDABJA Desv.
455. C. Draba (L.) Desv. [Lepidium Draba L.]. HOARY
CRESS.
Near Boulder, (Rydberg).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to the UNITED STATES.
183. LEPIDIUM L. PEPPER GRASS.
456. L. medium Greene. MEDIUM PEPPER GRASS.
Plains and foothills near Boulder, and in Boulder Canon,
5000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 123).
MISSOURI to TEXAS and CALIFORNIA.
457. L. divergens Osterh. DIVERGENT PEPPER GRASS.
Common in creek-sands and along roads and railroads in the
foothills and mesas, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 32).
COLORADO.
184. THLASPI L. PENNY GRASS.
458. T. arvense L. FIELD PENNY GRASS.
Local in waste places; especially abundant along roadsides
at the entrance of Boulder Canon, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 163).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
459. T. Nuttallii Rydb. NUTTALL'S PENNY GRASS.
Rocky canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100
ft. (Daniels, 275).
MONTANA and COLORADO to WASHINGTON.
460. T. Coloradense Rydb. COLORADO PENNY GRASS.
Gregory Canon, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 194). Also in wet places
among rocks, Massif de T Arapahoe, 11000-13500 ft. (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO.
461. T. purpurascens Rydb. PURPLISH PENNY GRASS.
Among rocks on the peaks, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO to ARIZONA.
128 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [276
185. BURSA Weber. SHEPHERD'S PURSE.
462. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber [Capsella Bursa-pastoris
(L.) Medic.]. COMMON SHEPHERD'S PURSE.
Very common in fields and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 252).
EUROPE, thence now cosmopolitan.
186. PHYSARIA Gray. DOUBLE BLADDER POD.
463. P. didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray. COMMON DOUBLE BLAD-
DER POD.
Common under rocks in the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000
ft. (Daniels, 80). Also Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coul-
ter in Wabash College Herb.).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; COLORADO to UTAH.
464. P. floribunda Rydb. MANY-FLOWERED DOUBLE BLADDER
POD.
Plains and foothills near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore,
(Rydberg). Also Boulder (Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
COLORADO.
187. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. BLADDER POD.
465. L. Shearis Rydb. SHEAR'S BLADDER POD.
On shales with thin soil between Marshall and South Boul-
der Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 436). Plains and foothills
at Boulder (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
188. CAMELINA Crantz. MYAGRUM.
466. C. sativa (L.) Crantz [Myagrum sativum L.]. FALSE
FLAX.
Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder,
5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 281). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
189. NASTURTIUM R. Br. CRESS.
467. N. Nasturtium — aquaticum (L.) Karst. [N. officinale R.
Br. ; Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby.]. WATER CRESS.
277] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 129
Frequent in ditches, streams, and springy swales in and
about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 590).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to both NORTH and SOUTH AMER-
ICA.
190. RADICTTLA Hill. YELLOW CRESS.
468. R. calycina (Engelm.) Greene [Nasturtium calycinum
Engelm. ; Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb.]. WARTY
PODDED YELLOW CRESS.
Along the railroad near Boulder lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Dan-
iels, 774).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO.
469. R. siniiata (Nutt.) Greene [Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt. ;
Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc.]. SPREADING YEL-
LOW CRESS.
On stream banks and in wet ground near Boulder (Ryd-
berg).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to ARIZONA.
470. R. hispida (Desv.) Moench. [Nasturtium hispidum
Desv. ; Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton]. HAIRY MARSH
CRESS.
Along streams, ditches, and in swales, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 581).
NEW BRUNSWICK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to NEW
MEXICO.
471. R. obtusa (Nutt.) Greene [Nasturtium obtusum Nutt;
Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton]. BLUNT-LEAVED MARSH
CRESS.
Massif de T Arapahoe, loooo ft. (Rydberg).
MICHIGAN to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to UTAH.
472. R. curvipes (Greene) Greene [Roripa curmpes Greene].
CURVED-PODDED MARSH CRESS.
In Boulder Canon, 5500-6000 ft. (Daniels, 544).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1 3o
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [278
190%. ARMORACIA Gaertn. HORSE RADISH.
473. A. Armoracia (L.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Roripa Armo-
racia (L.) A. S. Hitchc. ; Nasturtium Armoracia (L.)
Fries.]. COMMON HORSE RADISH.
Escaped to waysides, Boulder (Daniels).
EUROPE, thence to AMERICA.
191. SISYMBRITTM L. HEDGE MUSTARD.
474. S. officinale (L.) Scop. COMMON HEDGE MUSTARD.
Common in waste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 256).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
192. SOPHIA Adans. TANSY MUSTARD.
475. S. leptophylla Rydb. FINE-LEAVED TANSY MUSTARD.
Along Boulder Canon, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 284).
WYOMING and IDAHO to COLORADO.
476. S. incisa (Engelm.) Greene [Sisymbrium incisum
Engelm.; Descurainia incisa (Engelm.) Britton]. CUT-
LEAVED TANSY MUSTARD.
Boulder Canon at Falls; also in Gregory Canon on rocky
banks, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 981).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO*.
477. S. intermedia Rydb. WESTERN TANSY MUSTARD.
Common throughout the lower elevations, 5100-9000 ft.
(Daniels, 121).
MICHIGAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TENNESSEE to CALIFOR-
NIA.
478. S. andrenarum Cockerell. HOARY TANSY MUSTARD.
Rather frequent in Boulder Canon, 5500-7000 ft. (Daniels,
550).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON and NEW MEXICO.
193. ERYSIMUM L. TREACLE MUSTARD.
479. E. asperum (Nutt.) DC. WESTERN WALLFLOWER.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to ARKANSAS and COLORADO.
279] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 13!
480. E. oblanceolatum Rydb. OBLANCEOLATE-LEAVED WALL-
FLOWER.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
481. E. nivale (Greene) Rydb. [E. asperum nanum Cock-
erell]. SNOW WALLFLOWER.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 885).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
482. E. Cockerelliamun Daniels. Nov. nomen. [E. asperum
alpestre Cockerell; E. alpestre (Cockerell) Rydb.; not
Kotschy nor Jordan]. COCKERELL'S WALLFLOWER.
Abundant throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, 57). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Since
E. alpestre has been twice used as a specific name (by Kot-
schy and by Jordan) a new name is necessary for the species.
COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
194. RAPHANUS L. RADISH.
483. R. sativus L. GARDEN RADISH.
Spontaneous along streets in waste places, 5400-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 772).
ASIA, thence universal in cultivation.
195. CAMPE Dulac. WINTER CRESS.
484. C. Americana (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Bar-
barea Americana, Rydb.] . AMERICAN WINTER CRESS.
In rich soil, between Eldora and Baltimore, 8500-9000 ft.
(Rydberg)..
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
196. BRASSICA L. MUSTARD.
485. B. juncea (L.) Coss. INDIAN MUSTARD.
Along Boulder Canon Road about six miles beyond Boul-
der, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 283).
ASIA, thence to both NORTH and SOUTH AMERICA.
132 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [280
486. B. nigra (L.) Koch. BLACK MUSTARD.
Frequent along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 747)-
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
487. B. campestris L. RUTA BAGA.
Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels,
790).
EUROPE, thence universal in cultivation.
197. ALYSSUM L. MADWORT.
488. A. alyssoides (L.) Gouan. [A. calycinum L.]. YEL-
LOW ALYSSUM.
Boulder, roadside on University Hill, 5300-5600 ft. (Cock-
erell).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
198. KONIGA Adans.
489. K. maritima (L.) R. Br. [Alyssum maritimum (L.)
Lam.]. SWEET ALYSSUM.
Spontaneous on the campus of the University of Colorado,
Boulder, 5500 ft. (Oaniels, 680).
EUROPE, thence universal in cultivation.
199. DBABA L. WHITLOW-GRASS.
490. D. Coloradensis Rydb. COLORADO WHITLOW-GRASS.
Plains and hillsides near Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
491. D. nemorosa L. WOOD WHITLOW-GRASS.
At Boulder, University Hill, on rise opposite base of Flagstaff
Hill, 5500-6000 ft. (Cockerell).
MICHIGAN and ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO
to OREGON : EUROPE : ASIA.
492. D. crassifolia Graham. THICK-LEAVED WHITLOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels,
928).
GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to UTAH.
28 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 133
493. D. Fladnizensis Wulf. WHITE ARCTIC WHITLOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 1100013000 ft. (Daniels,
1009).
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to UTAH : EU-
ROPE: ASIA.
494. D. cana Rydb. HOARY WHITLOW-GRASS.
Massif de T Arapahoe, 11000-12000 ft. (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to YUKON and COLORADO.
495. D. streptocarpa Gray. TWISTED-PODDED WHITLOW-GRASS.
Common in barren, rocky places throughout the mountain-
ous region 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 313). Also Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
496. D. luteola Greene. YELLOWISH WHITLOWWORT.
In spray of Boulder Falls, a decumbent small-flowered form,
7500 ft. (Daniels, 295). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
497. D. aureifonnis Rydb. [D. Bakeri Greene]. BAKER'S
WHITLOW-GRASS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1004).
SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
498. D. aurea Wahl. GOLDEN WHITLOWWORT.
Common in the subalpine and alpine district, 8600 ( Eldora) -
13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 805). Also Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).
GREENLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
499. D. decumbens Rydb. DECUMBENT WHITLOWWORT.
At snow-line, Arapahoe Peak, 12000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
COLORADO.
200. CARDAMINE L. BITTERCRESS.
500. C. cordifolia Gray. HEART-LEAVED BITTERCRESS.
Wet mossy tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, nooo-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 713). Also mountains between Sunshine
134 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [282
and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg). Common everywhere
above 9000 ft. (Ramaley).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
501. C. incana (Gray) A. Nels. [C. cardiophylla Rydb. ;
C. infausta Greene]. HOARY BITTERCRESS.
Along an alpine brook at edge of snow above Bloomerville,
9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 323).
COLORADO.
502. C. vallicola Greene. VALLEY BITTERCRESS.
Dripping rocks under an irrigation sluice, Boulder Canon,
5500-5600 ft. (Daniels, 578).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
201. ARABIS L. ROCK-CRESS.
503. A. ovata (Pursh) Poir. OVATE-LEAVED ROCK-CRESS.
Common among rocks throughout the mountain region and
the rougher mesas, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 567). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
NEW BRUNSWICK to ALBERTA ; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA.
504. A. philonipha A. Nelson. SNOW-LOVING ROCK-CRESS.
Mountainsides at Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 954).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
505. A. oxyphylla Greene. SHARP-LEAVED ROCK-CRESS.
Mesas and foothills; common, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 199).
University Hill near base of Flagstaff Hill (Cockerell).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
506. A. connexa Greene. RELATED ROCK-CRESS.
Ward 9200 ft. (Daniels, 207). Also from Eldora to Bal-
timore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
507. A. Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene [A. Hoelboellii Fend-
leri S. Wats.]. FENDLER'S ROCK-CRESS.
High alpine slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 318).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
283] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 135
508. A. divaricarpa. A. Nels. DIVERGENTLY PODDED ROCK-
CRESS. f
North slope of Green Mt., Gregory Canon, 6400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 528). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
ASSINIBOIA to COLORADO and UTAH.
202. THELYPODITIM Endl.
509. T. paniculatum A. Nels. [T. sagittatum Endl.; T.
torulosum Heller]. PANICLED THELYPODIUM.
Near the summit of Flagstaff Hill, 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels,
223).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
203. STANIEYA Nutt.
510. S. glauca Rydb. GLAUCOUS STANLEY'S CRESS.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Valmont, 5200-5300
ft. (Daniels, 415).
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH.
Family 52. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper family.
204. POLANISIA Raf. CLAMMY-WEED.
511. P. trachysperma T. & G. LARGE-FLOWERED CLAMMY
WEED.
Along railroads and in creek-sands, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
483).
ASSINIBOIA to TEXAS and NEVADA.
205. PEBITOMA DC. CLEOME.
512. P. semdatum (Pursh) DC. [Cleome serrulata Pursh].
PINK CLEOME. ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEE PLANT.
Sands and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 286).
SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO; MISSOURI to ARIZONA.
5i2a. P. serrulatnm albiflorum Cockerell. WHITE CLEOME.
Sunset Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 603).
136 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [284
Order 23. ROSALES.
Family 53. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine family.
206. CLEMENTSIA Rose.
513. C. rhodantha (Gray) Rose [Sedum rhodanthum Gray].
RED ORPINE.
Alpine and subalpine in bogs and along streams, 8600 (El-
dora) — 13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 848). Also at
Caribou ( Rydberg) .
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
206i/2. RHOBIOLA L. ROSE-ROOT.
513^2. R. integrifolia Raf. ENTIRE-LEAVED ROSE-ROOT.
Common at high altitudes (Ramaley). Arapahoe Peak
(Rydberg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
207. SEDTTM L. ORPINE. STONE-CROP. "
514. S. stenopetalum Pursh. NARROW-PETALLED ORPINE.
Abundant throughout the mountainous regions in rocky places,
5600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 104). Also in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR-
NIA.
5143. S. stenopetalum rubrolineatum Cockerell.
With the type, but in the higher altitude (Cockerell).
ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
Family 54. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage family.
208. PECTIANTHIA Raf. BISHOP'S CAP.
515. P. pentandra (Hook.) Rydb. [Mitella pentandra
Hook.]. WESTERN BISHOP'S CAP.
Springy places and along streams, Caribou (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
285] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 37
209. OZOMELIS Raf. MITRE-WORT.
516. 0. stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. [Mitella stenopetala Piper].
NARROW-PETALLED MITRE-WORT.
Springy places, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO to UTAH.
210. HEUCHERA L. ALUM-ROOT.
517. H. bracteata (Torr.) Ser. BRACTED ALUM-ROOT.
Common in the crevices of rocks, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels,
139). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
518. H. Hallii Gray. HALL'S ALUM-ROOT.
Rocky places, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
881).
COLORADO.
519. H. parvifolia Nutt. SMALL-LEAVED ALUM-ROOT.
Common on banks in the mesas, foothills, and mountains
throughout, 5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 98). Also at Ward and
Caribou (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to OREGON ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
211. SAXIFRAGA L. SAXIFRAGE.
520. S. debilis Engelm. WEAK SAXIFRAGE.
Wet rocks, Massif de T Arapahoe, 9000-13000 ft. (Ryd-
berg).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
212. MICRANTHES Haw.
521. M. rhomboidea (Greene) Small [Saxifraga rhomboi-
dea Greene]. RHOMBOID-LEAVED SAXIFRAGE.
Among rocks in the foothills and mountains, Flagstaff Hill,
6000 ft. (Daniels). Also Massif de V Arapahoe, 12000 ft.,
and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Saxifraga nivalis L., re-
ported by Ramaley & Robbins from Redrock lake, 10100 ft.,
138 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [286
is probably this plant (cf. Coulter-Nelson's New Manual of
Rocky Mountain Botany, p. 240).
MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO.
522. M. arguta (D. Don) Small [Saxifraga arguta D. Don;
S. denudata Nutt. ; S. punctata Hook., in part; not L.].
SMOOTH SAXIFRAGE.
In springy places and along streams; mountains between
Sunshine and Ward; Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg).
Streams near Bloomerville, and on Arapahoe Peak, 9000-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 308).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
213. LEPTASEA Haw.
523. L. chrysantha (Gray) Small [Saxifraga chrysantha
Gray]. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE.
Toward summit of Arapahoe Peak, 13000-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 949, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
COLORADO and NEW MEXICO.
524. L. Hirculus (L.) Small [Saxifraga Hirculus L.]. ARC-
TIC SAXIFRAGE.
In wet places at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100
ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to BRITISH COLUMBIA:
EUROPE: ASIA.
525. L. austromontana (Wieg.) Small [Saxifraga bronchia-
les Torr. ; not L. ; 5. austromontana Wieg.] . WESTERN
MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE.
On rocky ledges, Boulder Canon above the Falls; at Sun-
set; and above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 7000-13000 ft.
(Daniels, 542). Also at Caribou; South Boulder Peak; moun-
tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to WASHING-
TON.
526. L. flagellaris (Willd.) Small [Saxifraga flagellaris
Willd.]. FLAGELLATE SAXIFRAGE.
Massif de T Arapahoe, 10000-13500 ft. (Rydberg).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
287] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 139
Family 55. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass of Parnassus
family.
214. PARNASSIA L. GRASS OF PARNASSUS.
527. P. fimbriata Banks. FIMBRIATE GRASS OF PARNASSUS.
Springs and springy places, Caribou (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
Family 56. HYDRANGE ACE AE Dumort. Hydrangea family.
215. EDWINIA Heller. JAMESIA.
528. E. Americana (T. & G.) Heller [Jamesia Americana
T. & G.]. AMERICAN JAMESIA.
Abundant in the foothills and mountains in rocky and
clivose places, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 138). Also at Ward;
in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward; and from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING and UTAH to NEW MEXICO.
Family 57. GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort. Gooseberry family.
216. EIBES L. GOOSEBERRY. CURRANT.
529. R. Purpusi Koehne. PURPUS'S GOOSEBERRY.
Common in mountain canons, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 290).
Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
530. K. vallicola Greene. VALLEY GOOSEBERRY.
Along streams and in gulches, 5000-9000 ft., St. Vrain creek
below Lyons; Pine Glade School (Ramaley).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
531. R. lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose [R. lacustre molle
Gray] . WESTERN RED CURRANT.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING and COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
532. R. parvuhun (Gray) Rydb. [R. lacustre parvulum
Gray]. SMALL BLACK CURRANT.
Moist places, 8000 to 11500 ft.; Redrock lake, west of
Ward; Fourth of July mine (Ramaley).
ALBERTA and YUKON to COLORADO and UTAH.
I4O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [288
533- &• pumilum Nutt. [R. cereum Coulter, in part] . SMALL
WAX-CURRANT.
Abundant on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5500-10000
ft. (Daniels, 84). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
534. E. longiflorum Nutt. [R. aureum T. & G. ; not Pursh] .
LONG-FLOWERED GOLDEN CURRANT.
Along stream in mesa at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700 ft.
(Daniels, 600).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to ARIZONA.
535. R. vulgare Lam. RED CURRANT.
Escaped into a thicket about a pond near Boulder, 5400 ft.
(Daniels, 265).
LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to INDIANA and MINNE-
SOTA: EUROPE: ASIA. Frequently escaped from cultivation in
all temperate regions.
Family 58. ROSACEAE Juss. Rose family.
217. OPTTLASTER Medic. NINE-BARKS.
536. 0. intermedius Rydb. [0. Missouriensis Daniels]. IN-
TERMEDIATE NINE-BARKS.
Canons in the foothills, 5700-6500 ft. (Daniels, 74). Lower
Boulder Canon, 5600-7000 ft. (Rydberg).
ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA ; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
537. 0. Ramaleyi Aven Nelson [O. bracteatus Rydb.]. RAM-
ALEY^S NINE-BARKS.
Canons in the foothills, 5600-6500 ft. (Daniels, 693).
COLORADO.
538. 0. glabratus Rydb. GLABROUS NINE-BARKS.
Boulder, along streams, 5000-11000 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
539. 0. monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze [Physocarpus Torreyi
Max.]. TORREY'S NINE-BARKS.
Rocky canons in the foothills, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 450).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA.
289] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 14!
218. BOSSEKIA Necker. SALMON-BERRY.
540. B. parviflora (Nutt.) Greene [Rubus Nutkanus
Mog. ; Rubacer parviflorus (Nutt-) Rydb.]. NUTKA
SOUND SALMON-BERRY.
Local in deep wooded canons in the foothills and mountains,
6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 533). Near Long's Peak (Porter &
Coulter).
ONTARIO to ALASKA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and MEX-
ICO.
219. OREOBATUS Rydb. FLOWERING RASPBERRY.
541. 0. deliciosus (James) Rydb. [Rubus deliciosus James].
SAVORY FLOWERING RASPBERRY.
Abundant throughout the higher mesas, the foothills and the
mountains, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 29).
COLORADO.
220. RUBUS L. BRAMBLE.
542. R. Americanus (Pers.) Britton [R. triflorus Richard-
son]. DWARF RASPBERRY.
Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt, 64008000 ft.
(Daniels, 345). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO.
221. BATEDAEA Dumort. RED RASPBERRY.
543. B, laetissima Greene. WILD RED RASPBERRY.
Common in gulches in the mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 212).
LABRADOR to MACKENZIE; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO.
222. TRIDOPHYLLUM Necker. FIVE-FINGER. CIN-
QUEFOIL.
544. T. paradoxum (Nutt.) Greene [Potentilla paradoxa
Nutt.]. BUSHY CINQUEFOIL.
Wet places and along streams, ascending in Sunset Canon
to about 7000 ft., 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 241).
PENNSYLVANIA and ONTARIO to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI. to
NEW MEXICO and MEXICO: EASTERN ASIA.
142 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [290
545. T. leucocarpum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten-
tllla leucocarpa Rydb.] . WHITE-SEEDED CINQUEFOIL.
Wet places in the plains and ascending in the canons to a
considerable distance into the mountain region, 5100-7000
(Bear Canon) ft. (Daniels, 826).
ILLINOIS to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
546. T. lateriflorum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten-
tilla lateriflora Rydb.]. LATERAL-FLOWERED CINQUEFOIL.
Foothills at Boulder, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 238).
ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
547. T. Monspeliense (L.) Greene [P. Norvegica hirsuta T.
& G. ; P. Monspeliensis L.]. ROUGH CINQUEFOIL.
Common in meadows in the plains, mesas, and foothills, and
in aspen bogs in the mountains, 5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Dan-
iels, 117).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; SOUTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA and
MEXICO: EUROPE: ASIA.
223. POTENTILLA L. FIVE-FINGER. CINQUEFOIL.
548. P. concinna Richardson [P. humifusa Nutt.]. GROUND
CINQUEFOIL.
Mountainsides at Eldora, and bald ridges at Glacier Lake,
8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 989). Also Long's Peak (Porter &
Coulter; and Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Redrock
lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA ; COLORADO to UTAH.
549. P. dissecta Pursh [P. diversifolia Lehm.]. CUT-
LEAVED CINQUEFOIL.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels,
933). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALI-
FORNIA.
550. P. glaucopyhylla Lehm. [P. dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.)
S. Wats.]. GLAUCOUS CUT-LEAVED CINQUEFOIL.
At Caribou, 9900 ft. (Rydberg).
ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
291] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 143
551. P. pulcherrima Lehm. FAIREST CINQUEFOIL.
Aspen bogs and subalpine meadows at Eldora and Glacier
Lake, 8000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 630).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to NEVADA.
552. P. Pennsylvania strigosa Pursh. VILLOUS PENNSYL-
VANIA CINQUEFOIL.
Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100-8000
ft. (Daniels, 31).
HUDSON BAY to ALBERTA ; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO : SIBERIA
552a. P. Pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. ARACHNOID
PENNSYLVANIA CINQUEFOIL.
Near Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
MONTANA to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
553. P. minutifolia Rydb. MINUTE-LEAVED CINQUEFOIL.
High peaks, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
554. P. Hippiana Lehm. WOOLLY CINQUEFOIL.
Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 433).
MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; NEW MEX-
ICO to ARIZONA.
555. P. propinqua Rydb. [P. Hippiana diffusa Lehm.]. DIF-
FUSE CINQUEFOIL.
Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 206). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
556. P. effusa Dougl. BRANCHED CINQUEFOIL.
Plains, mesas, and mountain ridges, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 287).
ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA; thence to NEW MEXICO.
224. FRAGAB1A L. STRAWBERRY.
557. F. bracteata Heller. BRACTED STRAWBERRY.
Common in canons in the foothills and mountains, 6300-
nooo ft. (Daniels, 291).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR-
NIA.
144 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [292
558. F. Americana (Porter) Britton [F. vesca Americana
Porter ]. AMERICAN STRAWBERRY.
At Boulder, 5400 ft. (Rydberg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA; VIRGINIA to NEW MEXICO
and OREGON.
558^. F. prolifica Baker & Rydb. PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY.
Boulder Canon, 8500 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
COLORADO.
559. F. glauca (S. Wats.) Rydb. GLAUCOUS STRAWBERRY.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 850). Redrock
lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MACKENZIE to MONTANA ; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO and
NEVADA.
560. F. pauciflora Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED STRAWBERRY.
North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Boulder Canon, 8500 ft.
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
HUDSON BAY to ALBERTA; COLORADO to UTAH.
225. SIBBALDIA L.
561. S. procumbens L. PROCUMBENT SIBBALDIA.
Above timberline in dry tundras near the snow, 11500-13500
ft., Arapahoe Peak (Daniels, 912'). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).
Arctic-alpine around the world.
226. DASIPHORA Raf.
562. D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb. [Potentilla fruticasa L.].
SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL.
Subalpine bogs, mostly in aspen zone; but also in bogs in
the plains and mesas, 5600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 541).
LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA : EUROPE :
ASIA.
227. DRYMOCALUS Fourr.
563. D. arguta (Pursh) Rydb. [Potentilla arguta Pursh].
TALL CINQUEFOIL.
On the plains and mesas, the flowers yellow as well as white,
293] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 145
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 432). St. Vrain Canon (Porter &
Coulter).
NEW BRUNSWICK to MACKENZIE; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
to COLORADO.
564. D. fissa (Nutt.) Rydb. [Potentilla fissa Nutt.]. LARGE-
FLOWERED GLANDULAR CINQUEFOIL.
Common in the mesas, foothills, and mountains throughout,
5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 30). St. Vrain Canon 7000 ft.,
and Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
228. GEUM L. AVENS.
565. G. strictum Ait. YELLOW AVENS.
In Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 637).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to
ARIZONA and MEXICO : EUROPE : ASIA.
566. G. Oregonense (Scheutz) Rydb. [G. urbanum Oregon-
ense Scheutz]. OREGON AVENS.
Mountain meadows and canons, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels,
634). Also at Arapahoe Pass and Eldora (Rydberg).
MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALI-
FORNIA.
567. G. scopulorum Greene. ROCKY MOUNTAIN AVENS.
In canons and gulches about springs, 5700-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 68).
ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
229. ERYTHROCOMA Greene. PURPLE MOUNTAIN AVENS.
568. E. ciliata (Pursh) Greene [Geum ciliatum Pursh ; Sie-
versia ciliata (Pursh) Don; G. triflorum Pursh]. THREE-
FLOWERED MOUNTAIN AVENS.
Subalpine and alpine meadows at Eldora, 8000-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 627). Also at Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg). Near
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
LABRADOR to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW YORK to CALIFORNIA
and MEXICO.
146 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [294
230. ACOMASTYLIS Greene. YELLOW MOUNTAIN
AVENS.
569. A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene [Geum turbinatum (Rydb) ;
Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene]. TURBINATE MOUN-
TAIN AVENS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 877).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
570. A. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. ARAPAHOE YELLOW
MOUNTAIN AVENS.
Plant 20- 30 cm. high, the stems (about three in number)
puberulent, becoming softly hairy or villous above ; basal leaves
ascending, about i dm. long and 3 cm. wide, pinnate, the lower
pinnae narrowly falcate, entire, the others mainly ovate in
outline, deeply cut into 2- 7 cuneate lobes, but with occasional
little, simple pinnae interspersed with the larger ones; leaves
puberulent or glabrate, the margins softly ciliate with white
hairs ; rhachis about 3 mm. broad, the base of the petiole about
i cm. broad, becoming chaffy and sheathing the stems; lower
half of stem leafless, the upper half bearing two leaves, 2^2- 3
cm. long, pinnately parted into about 10 narrow lobes, the
lowermost broad, stipule-like, and sheathing the stem; pe-
duncles softly hairy, 3- 4 in number, subtended by leaves closely
resembling the two stem leaves, but smaller, the peduncles
themselves occasionally bearing i or 2 bracts, simple or 2-
5 pinnately incised ; flowers 2- 2,y2 cm. wide, bright yellow,
the petals broadly obovate, five in number; sepals and bract-
lets villous at base, 5 each, spreading, becoming erect in fruit
or the tips reflexed in age; sepals broadly triangular, about
twice as high as the narrower bractlets; stamens numerous;
styles included in fruit, glabrate; achenes softly villous with
white hairs. Foliage, stems, sepals and bractlets purple-tinged.
The plant differs from A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene, in its
larger size, its softly hairy upper portion, its 3- 4 flowered
stems, its broader sepals, which are much longer than the
bractlets, and in its larger flowers. This is probably the
295] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 147
Geum Rossii humilis of Coulter's Manual, but genuine G.
Rossii humilis T. & G. comes no nearer than Unalaska, the
type locality. A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene is a low plant, 7-15
cm. high, usually I- flowered.
At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500 ft. (Daniels, 906).
231. HOLODISCTJS Max. MEADOWSWEET.
571. H. dumosus (Nutt.) Heller. [Spiraea dumosa Nutt.].
BUSHY MEADOWSWEET.
Boulder County (McFarland).
WYOMING and UTAH to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
232. KTTNZIA Spreng. PURSHIA.
572. K tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. [Purshia tridentata
(Pursh) DC.]. THREE-TOOTHED PURSHIA.
Rocky hillsides, 6500-8500 ft.; head of Gregory Canon;
north of Nederland (Ramaley). Boulder Canon, 9000 ft.
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
233. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. MOUNTAIN MAHOG-
ANY.
573. C. parvifolius Nutt. SMALL-LEAVED MOUNTAIN MAHOG-
ANY.
High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 172). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
234. DRYAS L.
574. D. octopetala L. WHITE MOUNTAIN AVENS.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 939). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
Arctic-alpine around the world.
235. AGRBIONIA L. AGRIMONY.
575. A. Brittoniana occidentalis Bickn. WESTERN AGRIMONY.
Plains, and canons among the foothills, 5100-7500 (Bear
Canon) ft. (Daniels, 259).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
148 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [296
I. ROSA L. ROSE. BRIER.
576. R. pratincola Greene. PRAIRIE ROSE.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
58).
MINNESOTA to ALBERTA; KANSAS to COLORADO.
576a. R. pratincola angustiarum Cockerell, n. var. CASTLE
ROCK ROSE.
Boulder Canon, 7340 ft. (near Castle Rock), Sept. 22, 1907,
growing close to R. Engelmanni Wats.
Low bush. Flowers corymbose, often four together.
Sepals foliolar-tipped, narrow tomentose, with scattered
large dark marginal stalked glands, these last present or absent
on same branch. No lateral lobes. Length of sepals prox. 17
mm. Sepals in fruit erect.
Fruit depressed globose, very shiny, with no sign of a neck.
{Long, (mm.) n. 9%. n. 10. 10. Meas-
ured while fresh.
Lat. (mm.) 13. n. 12. 10 ^,. 10%.
Twigs and peduncles deep crimson. Penduncles minutely
hairy.
Branches with straw colored, fairly numerous, straight slen-
der prickles, the larger ones about 7 mm., long; infrastipular
prickles normally absent.
Stipules broad, to Sy2 mm., margins dentate, more or less
glandular.
Leaflets: a series of leaves counted showed leaflets: n. 9. 9.
10. 9. 9. 7. 5. ii. 9. 11. 9. 9. ii. 9. 9. n. 11. 9- 3>
Leaflets; cuneate basally, simply and strongly toothed, very
finely but closely pubescent beneath. Terminal leaflet long.
26., lat. 13^ mm.
Frequently one or two leaflets from between auricles of sti-
pules, as in R. suffulta. Stipules convolute as in R. Woodsii,
but leaves not shining. (Cockerell, MS., Oct. 1907.)
576b. R. pratincola setulosa Cockerell. N. var.
Fruit bristly. Bluebell Canon (Cockerell), 1910.
297] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 149
577. R. Sayi Schweinitz. SAY'S ROSE.
Common throughout the mesas, foothills and lower moun-
tainsides, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 47). Also Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Rob-
bins).
QUEBEC to ALBERTA ; MICHIGAN to COLORADO and NEW
MEXICO.
578. R. Engelmannii S. Wats. ENGELMANN'S ROSE.
High ridges of Green Mt, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 535).
Also Boulder Canon above Falls (Cockerell). Eldora; foot of
Long's Peak (Ramaley).
MICHIGAN to NORTH DAKOTA ; TEXAS to COLORADO.
579. R. melina Greene. ASHEN ROSE.
Canons and gulches at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 102). R. Nutkana Presl., reported by Ramaley
from Marshall ; Bluebell Canon ; Gregory Canon ; and Pine
Glade School, is probably R. Melina Greene.
WYOMING to COLORADO.
580. R. Macounii Greene. MACOUN'S ROSE.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft.
(Daniels, 968). R. Woodsu Lindl., reported by Ramaley
from Sugarloaf Mt., Bluebird Mine. ; and Spencer Mt. at
Eldora, is probably R. Macounii Greene.
SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; KANSAS to COLORADO.
581. R. Fendleri Crepin. FENDLER'S ROSE.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 205). Also mountains be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Marshall; above Mag-
nolia (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
582. R. aciculata (Cockerell) Cockerell [R. blanda aciculata
Cockerell]. PRICKLY ROSE..
Gulches at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 462). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
150 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [298
583. R. Maximilian! Nees. MAXIMILIAN'S ROSE.
Gregory Canon, 5800-6500 ft. (Daniels, 190).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
Family 59. MALACEAE Small. Apple family.
237. AMELANCHIER L. SHADBUSH.
584. A. polycarpa Greene. MANY-FRUITED JUNEBERRY.
Mountainsides from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak, where it
occurs at timberline, 8600-11500 ft. (Daniels, 909).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
585. A. elliptica A. Nels. ELLIPTICAL-LEAVED JUNEBERRY.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
586. A. alnifolia Nutt. ALDER-LEAVED SHADBUSH.
Sunshine Canon and Eldora (Ramaley).
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH.
587. A. oreophila A. Nels. MOUNTAIN SHADBUSH.
Mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 501).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
238. CRATAEGUS L. HAWTHORN.
588. C. occidentaJis Britton [C. Colorado Ashe]. WESTERN
HAW.
Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 835).
COLORADO.
589. C. Coloradensis A. Nels. COLORADO HAW.
Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 767). A form from the entrance to Gregory
Canon (Daniels, 838) has the petioles not distally widened.
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
299] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 15!
590. C. erythropoda Ashe, 1900 [C. Cerronis A. Nels., 1902-].
CERRO HAW.
Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 794).
COLORADO.
591. C. Doddsii Ramaley. DODOS' s HAW.
Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also various localities in
Boulder Co., 5000-8000 ft. (Ramaley).
COLORADO.
592. C. Coloradoides Ramaley. FALSE COLORADO HAW.
Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also gulches in the lower
foot-hills, 5500-7000 ft. (Ramaley).
COLORADO.
239. SORBITS L. MOUNTAIN ASH.
593. S. scopulina Greene. ROCKY MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN ASH.
At entrance of Bear Canon and very sparingly throughout
the mountainous region, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 764).
ALBERTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
Family 60. AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Peach family.
240. PRTJNTTS L. PLUM. CHERRY.
594. P. Americana Marsh. AMERICAN WILD PLUM.
Mesas and lower foothills, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 795).
NEW YORK to MONTANA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
595. P. prunella Daniels. Nov. sp. PYGMY PLUM.
Undershrub, thornless, trailing or ascending, 3-6 dm. high
with grayish bark, the new twigs reddish; fruits lateral, soli-
tary in the specimens secured, on slender pedicels I cm. long;
drupes oblong, i{A-iy2 cm. long and I cm. wide when dried,
black-purple with but slight traces of bloom; pulp red-purple,
astringent but sweet and edible; stone oblong 12 mm. long
by 7 mm. wide, bean-shaped, flattish, rugose, the margins
slightly winged, the ends plainly so; leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm.
long including the petiole, and 12-15 mm. wide in the middle,
sharply but not deeply serrate, entire toward the acuminate
152 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [300
base; upper surfaces glossy green, under surfaces paler, the
midrib white and shining both above and below. Flowers not
seen. Mesa at entrance of Gregory Canon and facing the
first Flat-iron, scarce; 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 654). A true
plum, having perhaps as its nearest ally P. Watsoni Sargent.
Specific name the diminutive of Prunus.
596. P. Besseyi Bailey. BESSEY^S SAND CHERRY.
One- fourth mile above Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Beth-
el). Also White Rocks (Ramaley).
NORTH DAKOTA to KANSAS and COLORADO.
597. P. Pennsylvania L. f. WILD RED CHERRY.
Common throughout, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 327). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward and from Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to NORTH DAKOTA; GEORGIA to COLORADO.
598. P. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Cerasus demissa
melanocarpa A. Nels.] BLACK-FRUITED WESTERN -WILD
CHERRY.
Common along canons throughout the mesas and foothills,
5600-8500 ft. (Daniels, 465).
NORTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW
MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
Family 61. FABACEAE Reichenb. Bean family.
241. SOPHOKA L.
599. S. sericea Nutt. SILKY SOPHORA.
Alkaline flats about Owen's lake, 5200 ft. (Daniels, 664).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
242. THERMOPSIS R. Br.
600. T. pinetomm Greene. PINELAND THERMOPSIS.
Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 273). Open woodlands and hill-
sides, Boulder (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
3Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 153
60 1. T. divaricarpa A. Nels. DIVARICATE-PODDED THERMOP-
sis.
Abundant throughout the mesas, foothills, and mountains,
5600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 109). Also from Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
602. T. arenosa A. Nels. SAND THERMOPSIS.
In sandy soil, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock
lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA to COLORADO.
243. LUPINUS L. LUPINE.
603. L. Plattensis S. Wats. PLATTE LUPINE.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 48).
NEBRASKA and WYOMING to COLORADO.
604. L. rubricaulis Greene. RED-STEMMED LUPINE.
Mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 394).
COLORADO.
604^2. L. alpestris A. Nels. [L. alsophilus Greene]. ALPINE
LUPINE.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
605. L. parviflorus Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED LUPINE.
Among pines, Gregory Canon and slopes of Green Moun-
tain, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 344).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH,
606. L. decumbens Torr. [L. argenteus decumbens (Torr.)
Gray; L. leptostachys Greene]. DECUMBENT LUPINE.
Common in the plains and foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 704).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA and OREGON ; COLORADO to CALIFOR-
NIA.
154 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [302
6o6a. I. decumbens argentatus Rydb. SILVERY DECUMBENT
LUPINE.
Plains, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 131). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
244. TRIFOIIUM L. CLOVER.
607. T. pratense L. RED CLOVER.
Throughout the cultivated area, 5100-8500 ft. (Daniels, 744).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence cultivated and naturalized in all
temperate lands.
608. T. hybridum L. ALSIKE CLOVER.
Roadsides and fields about Boulder, 5100-5700 ft. (Dan-
iels, 244). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
EUROPE, thence to all temperate lands.
609. T. repens L. WHITE CLOVER. SHEEP CLOVER.
Common throughout the cultivated area, whence it has pen-
etrated to distant canons in the foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 500).
EUROPE : SIBERIA : SUB-ARCTIC AMERICA ; now in the greater
part of NORTH AMERICA.
6 10. T. lividum Rydb. LIVID CLOVER.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1019).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
611. T. dasyphyllum Torr. GRAY CLOVER.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 874). Also Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains
south of Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
245. MEDICA Hill. LUCERNE.
612. M. sativa (L.) Hill [Medicago sativa L.]. ALFALFA.
Throughout the cultivated area, and extending into the
mountains along the roads and railroads, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 509).
EUROPE, thence to all temperate lands.
303] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 155
246. MELICAGO L. MEDIC.
613. M. lupulina L. HOP MEDIC.
Streets of Boulder, and about the quarries at the base of
the Flat-irons, 5300-6000 ft. (Daniels, 658). Not in Ryd-
berg's Flora.
EUROPE and ASIA, becoming cosmopolitan.
247. MELILOTTJS Juss. SWEET CLOVER, MELILOT.
614. M. alba Desv. WHITE SWEET CLOVER.
Throughout the cultivated area, and abundant along rail-
roads, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 591).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
615. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. YELLOW MELILOT.
Streets and waste places, and about the quarries at the base
of the Flat-irons, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 657).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
248. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. GROUND PLUM.
616. G. succulentum (Richardson) Rydb. [Astragalus succu-
lentus Richardson; A. prunifer Rydb.]. SUCCULENT
GROUND PLUM.
Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLO-
RADO.
249. ASTRAGALUS L. MILK VETCH.
617. A. Canadensis L. [A. Carolinianus L.]. CANADA MILK
VETCH.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and along canons in the foot-
hills, 5100-7000 (Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 461).
QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
618. A. oreophilus Rydb. MOUNTAIN MILK VETCH.
Plains, mesas, and foothills, local, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
124).
COLORADO^
156 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [304
619. A. nitidus Dougl. SHINING MILK VETCH.
Canons, north slope of Green Mt., 7000 ft. (Daniels, 278).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA and OREGON; MINNESOTA to
COLORADO.
620. A. sulphurescens Rydb. SULPHUR MILK VETCH.
Gregory Canon, and canons on Green Mt., 6000-75°° ft-
(Daniels, 613). Also Boulder Canon and near Boulder (Ryd-
berg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO.
621. A. virgnltatus Sheld. [A. hypoglottis bracteosus Osterh.].
BUSHY MILK VETCH.
At Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
622. A. goniatus Nutt. [A. hypoglottis polyspermus T. & G.].
PURPLE MILK VETCH.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and along streams in the
foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 5).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
250. TIUM Medic.
623. T. Drummondii (Dougl.) Rydb. [Astragalus Drum-
mondii Dougl.]. DRUMMOND'S MILK VETCH.
Mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 76). Valmont
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
624. T. alpinum (L.) Rydb. [Astragalus alpinus L.]. AL-
PINE MILK VETCH.
Boulder Canon above Falls; Eldora and along the Arap-
ahoe Trail to timberline, 7000-11500 ft. (Daniels, 857).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; VERMONT to COLORADO: NORTHERN
EUROPE and ASIA.
251. ATELOPHRAGMA Rydb.
625. A. elegans (Hook.) Rydb. [Phaca elegans Hook. ; Astrag-
alus oroboides Americanus Gray]. PRETTY MILK VETCH.
About Eldora and along the Arapahoe Trail to timberline
and beyond, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 1020).
LABRADOR and QUEBEC to SASKATCHEWAN; IDAHO to COLO-
RADO.
305] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 157
252. XYLOPHACOS Rydb.
626. X. Parryi (Gray) Rydb. [Astragalus Parryi Gray]. PAR-
RY'S MILK VETCH.
On rocks, Gregory Canon road and other bare ridges in the
foothills, 5900-9000 ft. (Daniels, 638).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
627. X. Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydb. [Astragalus Shorhanus
Nutt.]. SHORT'S MILK VETCH.
Dry plains, mesas, and ridges in the foothills, 5100-9000 ft.
(Daniels, 35).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
253. HOMALOBTJS Nutt.
628. H. tenellus (Pursh) Britton [Astragalus tenellus Pursh;
A. multiflorus (Pursh) Gray]. SLENDER MILK VETCH.
Boulder Canon above Falls and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 539). Also at Ward, and mountains between Sun-
shine and Ward (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to YUKON; MINNESOTA and NEBRASKA to
COLORADO and NEVADA.
629. H. decumbens Nutt. [Astragalus decumbens Gray] . DE-
CUMBENT MILK VETCH.
Valley lying west of South Boulder Peak and Bear Moun-
tain, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 444).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
630. H. campestris Nutt. [Astragalus campestris Gray; A.
convallarlus Greene]. PLAINS MILK VETCH.
Meadows on Green Mountain, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 316).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
631. H. flexnosus (Dougl.) Rydb. [Phaca flexuosa (Dougl.)
Hook.; Astragalus flexuosus Dougl.]. FLEXILE MILK
VETCH.
Near Boulder (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; MINNESOTA to KANSAS and
COLORADO.
158 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [306
632. H. Salidae Rydb. SALIDA MILK VETCH.
Plains in Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 4).
COLORADO.
254. OROPHACA Britton.
633. 0. tridactylica (Gray) Rydb. [Astragalus tridactyticus
Gray]. THREE-FINGERED MILK VETCH.
St. Vrain's Canon (Rydberg; also Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
COLORADO.
255. ABAGALLUS Necker. LOCO-WEED.
634. A. deflexus (Pall.) Heller [Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.)
DC.]. DEFLEXED LOCO-WEED*
Boulder Canon; also in subalpine meadows about Eldora
and along the Arapahoe Trail, 6000-11000 ft. (Daniels, 808).
SASKATCHEWAN and ALASKA to NEW MEXICO.
634^. A multiceps (Nutt) Heller [Oxytropis multiceps
Nutt.]. CESPITOSE LOCO-WEED.
Boulder Canon, 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO.
635. A. minor (Gray) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Oxytropis
multiceps minor Gray; A. multiceps minor (Gray) A.
Nels.]. LITTLE LOCO-WEED.
Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell). Also mountains between
Sunshine and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
636. A. patens Rydb. BROAD-LEAVED LOCO-WEED.
Plains and foothills near Boulder; below Sunshine and
Ward; Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Common throughout,
5500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 333). Boulder is the type locality.
COLORADO.
307] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 159
637. A. Lambert! (Pursh) Greene [Oxytropis Lamberti
Pursh; Spiesia Lamberti (Pursh) Kuntze]. LAMBERT'S
LOCO-WEED.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, foothills, and in subalpine
meadows, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 15). Also on the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward, and from Eldora to Baltimore
(Rydberg). Saint Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
MINNESOTA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
638. A. sericeus (Nutt.) Greene [Oxytropis sericea Nutt.;
Spiesia Lamberti sericea (Nutt.) Rydb.] SILKY LOCO-
WEED.
With the preceding, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 43).
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
639. A. Eichardsonii (Hook.) Greene [Oxytropis splendens
Richardsonii Hook.]. RICHARDSON'S LOCO-WEED.
In mountain valleys from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to YUKON ; and in the ROCKY MOUNTAINS
to COLORADO.
256. GLYCYRRHIZA L. WILD LIQUORICE.
640. G-. lepidota Nutt. SCALY WILD LIQUORICE.
Common along roads and railroads, and in the larger canons,
and on the plains throughout, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 160).
ONTARIO to WASHINGTON; NEW YORK to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
257. AMORPHA L. FALSE INDIGO. LEAD PLANT.
641. A. fruticosa L. SHRUBBY FALSE INDIGO.
Along streams and in gulches in the mesas and plains, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 50). Not in Rydberg's Flora. Prof. Ram-
aley reports A. angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton from Boul-
der, but according to Prof. Cocker ell the specimen in the Univ.
of Colorado Herbarium is A. fruticosa L.
OHIO to MANITOBA ; FLORIDA to COLORADO and CHIHUAHUA.
l6o UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [308
642. A. nana Nutt. [A. microphylla Pursh]. SMALL-LEAVED
FALSE INDIGO.
Dry plains between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 521).
IOWA to MANITOBA; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
258. PSORALEA L. INDIAN BREADROOT. POM ME
BLANCHE.
643. P. tenuiflora Pursh. FEW-FLOWERED INDIAN BREADROOT.
One of the commonest and most characteristic plants of
the plains and mesas, and in open meadows on the foothills,
5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 297). A white-flowered form is oc-
casional (Daniels, 297a).
MINNESOTA to MONTANA; ILLINOIS to ARKANSAS, TEXAS
and ARIZONA.
644. P. argophylk Pursh. SILVER-LEAF INDIAN BREADROOT.
Local on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 189).
WISCONSIN to SASKATCHEWAN; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO
and ARIZONA.
259. PETALOSTEMON Lam. PRAIRIE CLOVER.
645. P. oligophylhis (Torr.) Rydb. [P. gracilis oligophyllus
Torr. ; Kuhnistera oligophylla (Torr.) Heller]. SLENDER
WHITE PRAIRIE CLOVER.
On the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 161).
IOWA to ASSINIBOIA; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
646. P. purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. [P. violaceus Michx. ; Kuh-
nistera purpurea (Vent.) MacM.]. VIOLET PRAIRIE CLO-
VER.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels).
INDIANA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; MISSOURI to
TEXAS and NEW MEXICO.
647. P. pubescens A. Nelson. HAIRY VIOLET PRAIRIE CLOVER.
Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 349).
COLORADO.
309] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO l6l
260. VICIA L. VETCH.
648. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt. [V. linearis (Nutt.) Greene].
NARROW-LEAVED VETCH.
Mesas and gulches about Boulder, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels,
334).
MANITOBA and ALBERTA to IDAHO; KANSAS to CALIFORNIA.
649. V. dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Lathyrus dissitifolius
Nutt.]. REMOTE-LEAVED VETCH.
In gulches and canons in the plains, mesas, and foothills,
5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 107).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
650. V. oregana Nutt. MOUNTAIN VETCH.
Common throughout in canons and along the banks of
streams, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 78).
MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and WASHINGTON; KANSAS
to CALIFORNIA.
651. V. producta Rydb. SMALL-FLOWERED MOUNTAIN VETCH.
Gulches on east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels,
100).
COLORADO to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
261. LATHYRUS L. VETCHLING.
652. L. leucanthus Rydb. WHITE-FLOWERED VETCHLING.
Common in gulches and canons, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 79).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
262. APIOS Moench. GROUND NUT.
653. A. Apios Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var. BOULDER
GROUND NUT.
Differing from the typical eastern plant chiefly in the some-
what larger, thinner long-acuminate leaflets, which are nine
as well as seven in number, the somewhat smaller brownish
deep-violet flowers, which are densely granular under a lens.
No pods were secured, nor tubers from the rootstock, only
one vine being discovered, which it did not seem wise to up-
root for fear of exterminating the plant in the only locality
known for the ground nut in the Rocky Mountains.
1 52 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [310
One vine in a gulch at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, Aug. 18,
1906, 5900-6000 ft. (Daniels, 799).
The species ranges from NEW BRUNSWICK to ONTARIO;
FLORIDA to LOUISIANA and EASTERN KANSAS.
Order 24. GERANIALES.
Family 62. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hil. Geranium family.
263. GERANIUM L. CRANESBILL.
654. G. Richardsonii Fish. & Traut. [G. gracilentum Greene] .
RICHARDSON'S CRANESBILL.
Common in springy canons and damp meadows in the foot-
hills and mountains, 6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 447).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to
CALIFORNIA.
655. G. Parryi (Engelm.) Heller [G. Fremontii Parryi
Engelm.]. PARRY'S CRANESBILL.
Meadows and gulches in the high mesas and foothills, 5700-
8000 ft. (Daniels, 64). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
656. G. Pattersonii Rydb. PATTERSON'S CRANESBILL.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
657. G. Fremontii Torr. in Gray. FREMONT'S CRANESBILL.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and mountain meadows,
5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 62). Five miles north of Boulder
(Cockerell). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
COLORADO.
658. G. longipes (Wats.) Goodding [G. Bicknellii Britton].
BICKNELL'S CRANESBILL.
Waste places, acting like an introduced weed, about Boulder,
and along Boulder Canon road almost to the Falls in the
vicinity of houses, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 558).
3ll] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 163
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to CALI-
FORNIA.
264. ERODIUM L. STORK' S-BILL.
659. E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. HEMLOCK STORK" S-BILL.
PIN-CLOVER.
Boulder (Rydberg), where it is very common (Cockerell).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 63. LINACEAE Dumont. Flax family.
265. LINUML. FLAX.
660. L. Lewisii Pursh [L. perenne Lewisii (Pursh) Eat. &
Wright] . LEWIS'S FLAX.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open mountain slopes,
5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 132).
MACKENZIE to YUKON ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO.
66 1. L. pratense (Norton) Small. MEADOW FLAX.
Abundant in a meadow north of Boulder (Henderson &
Cocker ell).
Range of the preceding.
Family 64. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood sorrel family.
266. XANTHOXALIS Small. YELLOW WOOD SORREL.
662. X. stricta (L.) Small [Oxalis stricta L.] UPRIGHT YEL-
LOW WOOD SORREL.
Common throughout except at the higher elevations, espe-
cially along roads and railroads, and in yards about houses,
5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 572).
NOVA SCOTIA to SOUTH DAKOTA; FLORIDA to TEXAS and
COLORADO: adventitious in EUROPE.
Order 25. EUPHORBIALES.
Family 65. EUPHORBIACEAE St. Hil. Spurge family.
267. CROTON L. CROTON.
663. C. Texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. TEXAS CROTON.
Longmont and Boulder (Rydberg).
ILLINOIS to WYOMING; ALABAMA to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
164 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [312
268. TEAGIA L. NETTLE SPURGE.
664. T. ramosa Torr. BRANCHING NETTLE SPURGE.
Dry soil and under rocks, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 86).
MISSOURI to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
269. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. SPURGE.
665. C. petaloidea (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia petaloidea
Engelm.]. WHITE-FLOWERED SPURGE.
Along the road and railroad in Boulder Canon, and in creek-
sands along Boulder creek, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 775). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).
IOWA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to COLORADO.
666. C. Fendleri (T. & G.) Small [Euphorbia Fendleri T. &
G.]. FENDLER'S SPURGE.
Foot of Valmont Butte, near Owen's lake, 5300-5400 ft.
(Daniels, 666).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
667. C. glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia glyptosper-
ma Engelm.]. RIDGE-SEEDED SPURGE.
Abundant in sandy places and along railroads, 5100-7000
(Sunset Canon) ft. (Daniels, 576).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to MEXICO.
668. C. nigulosa (Engelm.) Rydb. [Euphorbia serpyllifolia
rugulosa Engelm.] . RUGULOSE-SEEDED SPURGE.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
669. C. serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small [Euphorbia serpyllifolia
Pers.]. THYME-LEAVED SPURGE.
Very common in waste places, along roadsides and rail-
roads, and on creek-sands, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 420). Also
at Lyons (Rydberg).
MICHIGAN to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and
MEXICO.
313] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 165
270. TITHYMALUS Adans.
670. T. marginatus (Pursh) Cockerell [Euphorbia margi-
nata Pursh; Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Kl. &
Garcke] . SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN.
Plains and mesas about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
188). My specimens have flowers with five glands.
MINNESOTA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and COLO-
RADO.
6;oa. T. marginatus tetramerus Cockerell. BOULDER SNOW-
ON-THE-MOUNTAIN.
Very common about Boulder; although in some plants the
central flower of each umbel has five petaloid appendages,
the others have but three or four. An occasional form — forma
inornata has the white margin of the leaves obsolete, or
nearly so, but my material is too scant to enable me to deter-
mine whether this is characteristic of the variety alone, though
a few of my specimens have the central flower with five
appendages, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 957).
671. T. robnstus (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia montana ro-
busta Engelm.]. STOUT SPURGE.
High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
187). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
672. T. philorus Cockerell [Euphorbia montana Engelm. ; not
Raf.]. MOUNTAIN SPURGE.
Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 16). Boulder Canon (Porter & Coulter). A
form, — forma dichotoma (Daniels, 367) from the high ridges
of Green Mt. repeatedly forks into long leafy branches topped
by a cluster of two or three flowers, with a few others in the
axils of the upper leaves, the central cyme or umbel not being
present.
COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
673. T. Arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Kl. & Garcke [Eu-
phorbia Arkansana Engelm. & Gray] . ARKANSAS SPURGE.
1 66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [314
Plains about Boulder, especially on the banks of irrigation
ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 391).
MISSOURI to SOUTH DAKOTA and COLORADO; ALABAMA to
ARIZONA.
271. POINSETTIA Graham.
674. P. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia cuphos-
perma . Boiss.]. WARTY SPURGE.
Plains east of Boulder and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 692). Tenth Street, Boulder (Cockerell).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX-
ICO.
675. P. dentata (Michx.) Small [Euphorbia dentata Michx.].
TOOTHED SPURGE.
On the plains and mesas, frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
430-
PENNSYLVANIA to SOUTH DAKOTA ; LOUISIANA to UTAH and
MEXICO.
Family 66. CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Water starwort
family.
272. CALLITKICHE L. WATER STARWORT.
676. C. palustris L. MARSH WATER STARWORT.
Aspen bog, Glacier Lake; also in streams and ponds about
Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 248). Eldora lake (W. W.
Robbins).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFOR-
NIA: EUROPE: ASIA: SOUTH AMERICA.
677. C. bifida (L.) Morong [C. autumnalis L.]. AUTUMNAL
WATER STARWORT.
South Boulder creek, Arapahoe Road, common; in com-
pany with the preceding species, but more abuncant, 5200-5400
ft. (Daniels, 738). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
QUEBEC to MANITOBA and OREGON ; MICHIGAN to COLORADO.
315] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 167
Order 26. SAPINDALES.
Family 67. SPONDIACEAE Kunth. Cashew family.
273. TOXICODENDRON Miller. POISON IVY.
678. T. Rydbergii (Small) Greene [Rhus Rydbergii Small].
RYDBERG'S POISON IVY.
Common along streams, roadsides, gulches, and canons for
some distance in the mountainous region, 5100-7000 (Bear
Canon) ft. (Daniels, 42).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
274. RHTJS L. SUMACH.
679. R. glabra cismontana (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[R. cismontana Greene] . CISMONTANE SUMACH.
Common on the mesas and foothills, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels.
221). Magnificently scarlet in the fall.
DAKOTA and UTAH to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
275. SCHMALTZIA Desv. FRAGRANT SUMAC.
680. S. trilobata (Nutt.) Small [Rhus trilobata Nutt.].
THREE-LOBED FRAGRANT SUMAC.
On the dry banks of streams, and on dry hills and ridges,
5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 599).
ASSINIBOIA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to TEXAS, CALIFOR-
NIA, and MEXICO.
Family 68. ACERACEAE J. St. Hil. Maple family
276. ACER L. MAPLE.
68 1. A. glabnim Torr. SMOOTH MAPLE.
In gulches and canons and along streams, 5400-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 96). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward,
and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
68ia. A. glabrum tripartitum (Nutt.) Pax [A. tripartitum
Nutt.]. THREE-LEAVED MAPLE.
Along Boulder Canon road, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 285).
Range of the type.
1 68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [316
277. RTTLAC Adans. Box ELDER.
682. R. Negundo (L.) Hitchc. [Acer Negundo L. ; Negundo
Negundo (L.) Karst. ; Negundo aceroides Moench].
COMMON BOX ELDER.
Common along streams, 51007000 ft. (Daniels, 390). Also
St. Vrain creek below Lyons (Ramaley).
VERMONT to IDAHO; FLORIDA to TEXAS.
683. R. Texanum (Pax) Small [Acer Texanum Pax; Acer
Negundo Texanum Pax]. TEXAN BOX ELDER.
Bear and Bluebell Canons (Ramaley). Foothills near Boul-
der (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; MISSOURI to ARIZONA.
Order 27. RHAMNALES.
Family 69. FRANGULACEAE D C. Buckthorn family.
278. CEANOTHTTS L. NEW JERSEY TEA.
684. C. velutinus Dougl. VARNISHED NEW JERSEY TEA.
Common on the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 272-). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) ; Eldora
and near foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
685. C. mollissimus Torr. [C. ovatus pub esc ens T. & G. ; C.
pubescens (T. & G.) Rydb.] HAIRY NEW JERSEY TEA.
Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 65). Eldora (Ramaley).
MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
686. C. subsericeus Rydb. SILKISH NEW JERSEY TEA.
Slopes of Green Mt., 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 756). Plains
north of Marshall, and Boulder Canon (Ramaley). Appears
like a hybrid between the preceding and the next.
COLORADO.
687. C. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S NEW JERSEY TEA.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5600-9000
ft. (Daniels, 91). Also in the mountains between Sunshine
317] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 169
and Ward (Rydberg). South Boulder Canon, and hill north
of Nederland (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
Family 70. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape family.
279. VITIS L. GRAPE.
688. V. vulpina L. [V. riparia Michx.]. RIVER-BANK GRAPE.
Common along the banks of streams in the plains, mesas,
and lower foothills, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, no). Certain
forms with strongly lobed leaves simulate V. palmata Vahl.,
and may be a distinct species.
NEW BRUNSWICK to NORTH DAKOTA; WEST VIRGINIA to
TEXAS and COLORADO.
689. V. Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. sp. BOULDER GRAPE.
Plant weakly climbing, tendrils few, but these stout and
little curled, bark reddish brown, the young twigs densely
floccose pubescent, leaves small, at most 6 cm. long and wide,
exclusive of the petiole, ovate to orbicular, the sinus often
deep or sometimes shallow, broad and nearly obsolete; leaves
mostly truncate at the top, the apices of the two shallow lat-
eral lobes but little shorter than the main apex, the leaves,
however, occasionally sharply acuminate, the margins coarsely
dentate, slightly lobed, on slender petioles, which are loosely
floccose as well as the veins both above and beneath, but be-
coming glabrate in age; clusters small, mostly in simple ra-
cemes, or with one or two prominent branches, fruit not set on
the only vine discovered, and all flowers examined staminate.
Nearest Vitis Arizonica Engelm.
Gulch at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Daniels,
119).
280. PESEDERA Neck. VIRGINIA CREEPER.
690. P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene [Ampelopsis quinque folia
vitacea (Hitchc.) Knerr; Parthenocissus vitacea
( Hitchc. ) ] . VINELIKE VIRGINIA CREEPER.
Common about streams and along fences, in the latter case
perhaps the plant is P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch, intro-
I7O UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [318
duced; my material which came from canons in the foothills
is, however, all of P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene, 5100-6500 ft.
Daniels, 584).
MICHIGAN to WYOMING; OHIO to ARIZONA.
Order 28. MALVALES.
Family 71. MALVACEAE Neck. Mallow family.
281. MALVA L. MALLOW.
691. M. rotundifolia L. ROUND-LEAVED MALLOW. COMMON
CHEESES.
Common in waste places, and following the roads and rail-
roads, into the foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 587).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
282. SIDALCEA Gray. WESTERN MALLOW.
692. S. Candida Gray. WHITE WESTERN MALLOW.
Along irrigation ditches and streams and in moist mountain
meadows, both at Boulder (rare) and at Eldora, 5400-11000
ft. (Daniels, 162).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
283. ALTHAEA L. HOLLYHOCK.
693. A. rosea Cav. COMMON HOLLYHOCK.
Escaped to roadsides and along streams at Boulder. 5300-
5600 ft. (Daniels, 746).
TURKEY, GREECE, and CRETE, thence widely cultivated.
284. MALVASTRTTM Gray. FALSE MALLOW.
694. M. dissectum (Nutt.) Cockerell. SCARLET FALSE MAL-
LOW.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
204).
SASKATCHEWAN to OREGON; IOWA to TEXAS and UTAH.
319] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 171
Order 29. HYPERICALES.
Family 72. HYPERICACEAE Lindl. St. Johnswort family.
285. HYPERICUM L. ST. JOHNSWORT.
694^. H. formosum H. B. K. HANDSOME ST. JOHNSWORT.
Common in mountain swamps (Ramaley).
COLORADO and UTAH to MEXICO and SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
695. H. majus (Gray ) Britton [H. Canadense majus Gray].
LARGER CANADIAN ST. JOHNSWORT.
Along streams in the plains, a dwarf form only a decimetre
high, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 787). Also foothills near Boul-
der (Rydberg).
MAINE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW JERSEY to COLORADO.
Family 73. VIOLACEAE D C. Violet family.
286. VIOLA L. VIOLET.
696. V. palustris L. MARSH VIOLET.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA ; NEW YORK to COLORADO.
697. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. PALE VIOLET.
Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley &
Robbins).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA
to UTAH.
698. V. cognata Greene. WESTERN BLUE VIOLET.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
699. V. Nuttallii Pursh. NUTTALL'S VIOLET.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). Abundant
at Boulder (Cockerell).
MANITOBA to MONTANA; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO and
ARIZONA.
172 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [320
700. V. vallicola A. Nels. \V . physalodes Greene]. VALLEY
VIOLET.
Spruce forest, Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 760). The
plant in fruit only.
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH.
701. V. biflora L. TWO-FLOWERED VIOLET.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO: EUROPE: ASIA.
702. V. Canadensis Rydbergii (Greene) House [V. Rydbergii
Greene]. RYDBERG'S VIOLET.
Common in moist canons and along streams, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 126). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
ALBERTA to IDAHO; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
702a. V. Canadensis Neo-Mexieana (Greene) House [V. Neo-
Mexicana Greene]. NEW MEXICO VIOLET.
Common in moist soil at Glacier Lake, Eldora, and Arapahoe
Peak above timberline, 8000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 864). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
703. V. bellidifolia Greene. DAISY-LEAVED VIOLET.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
287. CALCEOLAKIA Loefl. NODDING VIOLET.
704. C. linearis (Torr.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [lonidium
linear e Torr.]. NARROW-LEAVED NODDING VIOLET.
Banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 108).
KANSAS to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
32 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 173
Order 30. OPUNTIALES.
Family 74. LOASACEAE Reichenb. Loasa family.
288. NTTTTALLIA Raf. WESTERN STAR.
705. N. multiflora (Nutt.) Greene [Mentzelia multiflora
(Nutt.) Gray; T outer ea multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb.]
MANY-FLOWERED WESTERN STAR.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 77).
TEXAS to COLORADO, ARIZONA and MEXICO.
706. N. speciosa (Osterh.) Greene [Mentzelia speciosa
Osterh. ; T outer ea speciosa Osterh.]. SHOWY WESTERN
STAR.
Near Boulder; also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
707. N. sinuata (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Tout ere a sinu-
ata Rydb.]. WAVY-LEAVED WESTERN STAR.
At Boulder the type-locality (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
708. N. nuda (Pursh) Greene [Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) T. &
G. ; T outer ea nuda (Pursh) Eat. & Wr.]. NAKED WES-
TERN STAR.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING and COLORADO.
709. N. stricta (Osterh.) Greene [Hesperaster strictus
Osterh.]. STRICT WESTERN STAR.
Along the Union Pacific Railroad, the flowers as large as
in the next, but the outer filaments dilated, 5200-5400 ft,
(Daniels, 678). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to COLORADO.
710. N. decapetala (Pursh) Greene [Bartonia decapetala
Pursh; Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. ; M.
174 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [322
ornata Pursh; T outer ea decapetala (Pursh) Rydb.]. TEN-
PETALLED WESTERN STAR.
Near Boulder (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEVADA.
289. ACROLASIA Presl. MENTZELIA.
711. A. latifolia Rydb. BROAD-LEAVED MENTZELIA.
At Boulder the type locality (Daniels). Between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
712. A. albicaulis (Dougl.) Rydb. [Mentzelia albicaulis
Dougl.]. WHITE-STEMMED MENTZELIA.
Common in dry, especially sandy soil, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels,
92).
NEBRASKA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
7i2a. A. albicaulis integrifolia (Wats.) Daniels. Nov. comb.
[Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia Wats. ; A. integrifolia
(Wats.) Rydb.; M. dispersa Wats.]. ENTIRE-LEAVED
MENTZELIA.
With the preceding, into which it apparently passes, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 88).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
v-;$ Family 75. CACTACEAE H. B. K. Cactus family.
290. CACTTTS L. BALL CACTUS.
713. C. viviparus Nutt. [Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw.].
VIVIPAROUS BALL CACTUS.
Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
NEBRASKA and MONTANA to COLORADO.
291. ECHINOCERETTS Engelm. PRICKLY CEREUS.
714. E. viridiflorus Engelm. [Cereus viridiflorus Engelm.].
GREEN-FLOWERED PRICKLY CEREUS.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 818). Not seen in flower.
KANSAS to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
323] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1/5
292. OPTTNTIA Mill. PRICKLY PEAR.
715. 0. mesacantha Raf. [O. humifusus Raf. ; O. Rafinesquii
Engelm.]. WESTERN PRICKLY PEAR.
Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, the commonest
cactus about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 93).
WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA to COLORADO; KENTUCKY and
TEXAS to ARIZONA.
716. 0. polyacantha Haw. MANY-SPINED PRICKLY PEAR.
On the mesas and foothills, apparently ascending higher than
the preceding species, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 690).
NORTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OKLAHOMA to NEW
MEXICO and OREGON.
717. 0. rhodantha K. Sch. RED-FLOWERED PRICKLY PEAR.
On the foothills near the juncture of Sunset and Boulder
Canons, 6500 ft. (Daniels).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
718. 0. Greenei Englm., in Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3.
431, [0. mesacantha Gre.enii (Engelm.). Coult.]. GREENE'S
PRICKLY PEAR.
Vicinity of Boulder (Andrews).
COLORADO.
719. 0. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. BRITTLE PRICKLY PEAR.
Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500
ft. (Daniels, 817). Not seen in flower.
WISCONSIN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KANSAS to NEW MEX-
ICO and UTAH.
Order 31. THYMELIALES.
Family 76. ELAEAGNACEAE Lindl. Silverberry family.
293. LEPARGYRAEA Raf. BUFFALO BERRY.
720. L. Canadensis (L.) Greene [Shepherdia Canadensis (L.)
Nutt.]. CANADIAN BUFFALO BERRY.
Valleys in the foothills west of Bear Mountain and South
Boulder Peaks, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 445). Also from Eldora to
176 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [324
Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Magnolia; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Spen-
cer Mt. (Ramaley).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NEW YORK and MICHIGAN to
COLORADO and OREGON.
Order 3 2. MYRTALES.
Family 77. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. Loosestrife family.
2931/2. AMMANNIA L.
720^. A. coccinea Rottb. SCARLET AMMANNIA.
Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).
MICHIGAN to SOUTH DAKOTA; FLORIDA to MEXICO: SOUTH
AMERICA.
294. LYTHRTJM L. LOOSESTRIFE.
721. L. alatum Pursh. WINGED LOOSESTRIFE.
Common in swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels,
4I3).
MASSACHUSETTS to SOUTH DAKOTA; KENTUCKY to COLO-
RADO.
Family 78. EPILOBIACEAE D C. Willowherb family.
295. CHAMAENERION Adans. FIREWEED.
722. C. angustifolium (L.) Scop. [Epilobium angustifolium
L.]. GREAT WILLOW-HERB. NARROW-LEAVED FIREWEED.
Common throughout, especially in burns and in aspen thick-
ets, 5700-10000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 211). Also at
Caribou, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). A form from the foothills has white flowers
(Daniels, 196).
GREENLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CAROLINA to CALIFORNIA:
EUROPE: ASIA.
7223. C. angustifolium platyphyllum Daniels. Nov. var.
Leaves remarkably large and broad, some being 17 cm. long
and 4 cm. broad, and merely acutish at apex; lateral nerves
325] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 177
evident, confluent in loops ; flowers few, 2-3 cm. wide, dark
purple, subtended by large leaves ; style pubescent at base.
Canons on Green Mt, 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels, 268).
296. EPHOBIUM L. WILLOW-HERB.
723. E. occidentale (Trelease) Rydb. [E. adenocaulon occi-
dentale Trelease] . WESTERN WILLOW-HERB.
In wet ground at Caribou and Boulder (Rydberg).
MONTANA to ALBERTA; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
724. E. adenocaulon Haussk. NORTHERN WILLOW-HERB.
Common in swales and along streams in the plains, and in
mountain canons and aspen bogs, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 243).
NEW BRUNSWICK to WASHINGTON ; PENNSYLVANIA to CAL-
IFORNIA.
725. E. rubescens Rydb. REDDISH WILLOW-HERB.
In aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 707).
COLORADO.
725^. E. alpinum L. ALPINE WILLOW-HERB.
ReHrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
GREENLAND and ALASKA to NEW HAMPSHIRE, COLORADO,
and CALIFORNIA.
726. E. anagallidifolium Lam. PIMPERNEL WILLOW-HERB.
Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, and above
timberline on Arapahoe Peak in wet tundras, 10000-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 325). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA; COLORADO to
NEVADA : EUROPE : ASIA.
727. E. paniculatum Nutt. PANICLED WILLOW-HERB.
Common, especially on creek-sands and along roads and
railroads, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 440).
LAKE HURON to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO
and ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA.
178 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [326
728. E. adenocladon (Haussk.) Rydb. [E. paniculatum aden-
ocladon Haussk.]. GLANDULAR PANICLED WILLOW-HERB.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH.
297. GAYOPHYTTTM Juss. GAYOPHYTE.
729. G. intermedium Rydb. INTERMEDIATE GAYOPHYTE.
Very common throughout except in the high alpine region,
5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 159). Also at Caribou,
Ward, and between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
298. OENOTHERA L. EVENING PRIMROSE.
730. 0. strigosa (Rydb.) Blankinship [Onagra strigosa Rydb. ;
Oenothera biennis strigosa Rydb.] . HAIRY EVENING PRIM-
ROSE.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
137).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to NEW MEXICO
and UTAH.
731. 0. Hookeri T. & G. [O. biennis hirsutissima Gray; Ona-
gra Hookeri (T. & G.) Small]. HOOKER'S EVENING PRIM-
ROSE.
Rare on the mesas and foothills, the flowers turning pink
in withering, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 562).
IDAHO to CALIFORNIA; NEW MEXICO to MEXICO.
299. ANOGRA Spach. WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE.
732. A. albicanlis (Pursh) Britton [Oenothera albicaulis
Pursh; 0. pinnatifida Nutt.]. WHITE-STEMMED WHITE
EVENING PRIMROSE.
Common on the plains and mesas, and along the shore-sands
of Boulder creek, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 141).
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and
SONORA.
327] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 179
733. A rhizomata A. Nels. RHIZOMATOUS WHITE EVENING
PRIMROSE.
Local on the plains, but abundant where found, since it
spreads fast with its slender rootstocks, 5600-5400 ft. (Daniels,
393)-
WYOMING to COLORADO.
734. A. Nuttallii (Sweet) A. Nels. [Oenothera Nuttallii
Lindl.]. NUTTALL'S WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
MINNESOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO.
735. A. coronopifolia (T. & G.) Britton [Oenothera coronopi-
folia T. & G.]. CUT-LEAVED WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE.
At Boulder (Rydberg). Very common from Boulder and
Marshall up to about 8000 ft. in dry soil (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO.
300. PACHYLOPHTIS Spach. SCAPOSE EVENING PRIM-
ROSE.
736. P. montanus (Nutt.) A. Nels. [Oenothera montana
Nutt.]. MOUNTAIN SCAPOSE EVENING PRIMROSE.
In eroded soil on Green Mountain and along Boulder Canon
road, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 536).
ASSINIBOIA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
737. P. macroglottis Rydb. LARGE-THROATED SCAPOSE EVEN-
ING PRIMROSE.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
738. P. hirsutus Rydb. HAIRY SCAPOSE EVENING PRIMROSE.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
301. LAVAUXIA Spach. DELAVAUX' EVENING PRIM-
ROSE.
739. L. brachycarpa (Gray) Britton [Oenothera brachycarpa
Gray]. SHORT-PODDED DELAVAUX' EVENING PRIMROSE.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
KANSAS to MONTANA; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
180 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [328
302. MERIOUXRaf.
740. M. serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. [Oenothera serrulata Nutt.].
TOOTH-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
38).
MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
303. GATTRA L. GAURA.*
741. G. parviflora Dougl. SMALL-FLOWERED GAURA.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-7000
ft. (Daniels, 263).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; LOUISIANA to ARIZONA
and SONORA.
742. G. coccinea Pursh. SCARLET GAURA.
Abundant 0n the plains and mesas, and in meadows on
lower hillslopes, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 12).
MANITOBA to MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
743. G. glabra Lehm. SMOOTH GAURA.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
304. CIRCAEA L. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.
744. C. alpina L. ALPINE ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.
Locally abundant along streams in shady canons, 5700-8000
ft. (Daniels, 279).
LABRADOR to ALASKA ; GEORGIA to COLORADO : EUROPE : ASIA.
*"Gaura and allied evening flowering plants have a special bee-visi-
or, Halictus galpinsiae Cockerell, which has been taken by my wife at
Boulder. It flies in the evening, at 7:30 p. m., when the other bees
have retired." — Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in a letter to the author, Jan.
23, 1908.
329] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO l8l
Family 79. GUNNERACEAE Endl. Gunnera family.
305. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. WATER MILFOIL.
745. M. spicatum L. SPIKED WATER MILFOIL.
Common in Boulder and Owen's lakes, 5200 ft. (Daniels,.
661).
NEWFOUNDLAND to SASKATCHEWAN and IDAHO ; FLORIDA to-
CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA.
Order 33. UMBELLALES.
Family 80. HEDERACEAE L. Ivy family.
306. AKALIA L. WILD SARSAPARILLA.
746. A. nudicaulis L. COMMON WILD SARSAPARILLA.
Very common in shady canons, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 341).
South Boulder Canon (Ramaley).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA and IDAHO ; NORTH CAROLINA
to MISSOURI and COLORADO.
Family 81. CORNACEAE Link. Dogwood family.
307. SVIDA Opiz. DOGWOOD.
747. S. stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb. RED-OISER DOG-
WOOD.
Common along streams throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 289). Sugarloaf Mt. ; South Boulder Canon (Ramaley).
MANITOBA to MACKENZIE and ALASKA ; NEBRASKA to COLO-
RADO and ARIZONA.
Family 82. AMMIACEAE Presl. Parsley family.
308. SANICULA L. SANICLE.
748. S. Marilandica L. MARYLAND SANICLE. BLACK SNAKE-
ROOT.
Common in springy gulches and canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 71).
NEWFOUNDLAND to WASHINGTON; GEORGIA to COLORADO.
Jg2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [330
309. OSMORRHIZA Raf. SWEET CICELY.
749. 0. longistylis (Torr.) DC. [Washingtonia longistylis
(Torr.) Britton]. SMOOTH SWEET CICELY.
Gulches in the mesas at the base of the foothills, rare, 5700-
^6300 ft. (Daniels, 118).
NOVA SCOTIA to ASSINIBOIA ; GEORGIA to COLORADO.
750. 0. obtusa (C. & R.) Fernald [Washingtonia obtusa C.
& R.] . OBTUSE-FRUITED SWEET CICELY.
Common in canons in the mesas, foothills and mountains,
5700-11000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 128).
ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
310. CAKUM L. CARAWAY.
751. C. Carvi L. COMMON CARAWAY.
Escaped in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
EUROPE and the MEDITERRANEAN region to THIBET and SI-
BERIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
311. CICTTTA L. WATER HEMLOCK. COWBANE.
752. C. occidentalis Greene. WESTERN COWBANE. WESTERN
MUSQUASH ROOT.
Swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 412).
NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
312. HARBOURIA C. & R. HARBOUR'S HEMLOCK.
753. H. trachypleura (Gray) C. & R. [Cicuta trachy pleura
(Gray) S. Wats.]. ROUGH-RIBBED HARBOUR'S HEMLOCK.
At Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg). In Boulder Canon (Porter & Coulter). St.
Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Common
in the foothills. (Daniels, 157, in part.)
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
313. ALETES C. & R. MOUNTAIN CARAWAY.
754. A. obovata Rydb. OBOVATE-LEAVED MOUNTAIN CARAWAY.
Very common on naked mountain slopes, 6000-8100 (sum-
mit of Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 145).
COLORADO.
33 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 183
755. A. acaulis (Torr.) C. & R. [Deweya acaulis (Torr.) ;
Carum Hallii S. Wats.]. STEMLESS MOUNTAIN CARAWAY.
High mesa at entrance to South Boulder Canon, 5900-6000
ft. (Daniels, 422). Also in gulch south of Boulder (perhaps
the same locality as the above), and in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
314. BERULA Hoffm.
756. B. erecta (Huds.) Coville [B. angustifolia (L.) Mert.
& Koch]. CUT-LEAVED WATER PARSNIP.
In a springy puddle in the eastern part of Boulder, 5300-
5400 ft. (Daniels, 410).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MASSACHUSETTS to TEXAS
and CALIFORNIA: EUROPE: ASIA.
315. UGUSTICUM L. LOVAGE.
757. L. Porteri C. & R. PORTER'S LOVAGE.
Common in shady canons and gulches, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 83). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). A plant was gathered in a canon on the north
slope of Green Mt, with somewhat differently shaped leaf-
segments; it may possibly be L. a fine A. Nels.
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
316. MTTSINEON Raf .
758. M. divaricatum (Pursh) C. & R. [Seseli divaricatum
Pursh; Adorium divaricatum (Pursh) Rydb.]. LEAFY
MUSINEON.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to ALBERTA ; SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
317. OXYPOLIS Raf. WATER DROPWORT.
759. 0. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [Archemora Fendleri Gray].
FENDLER'S WATER DROPWORT.
In bogs at Eldora and at Bloomerville, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 310). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
184 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [332
318. CONIOSELINTTM Hoffm. HEMLOCK PARSLEY.
760. C. scopulorum (Gray) C. & R. [Ligusticum scopulorum
Gray]. ROCKY MOUNTAIN HELMLOCK PARSLEY.
In aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 721). Red-
rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
319. HERACLEUM L. Cow PARSNIP.
761. H. lanatum Michx. WOOLLY cow PARSNIP.
Common in gulches and canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 75).
Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
LABRADOR and NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA; NORTH CARO-
LINA to CALIFORNIA.
320. ANGELICA L. ANGELICA.
762. A. Grayi C. & R. GRAY'S ANGELICA.
In wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 11500-
13000 ft. (Daniels, 891).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
763. A. ampla A. Nels. LARGE ANGELICA.
Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 763).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
321. PASTINACA L. PARSNIP.
764. P. sativa L. COMMON PARSNIP.
Very common in waste places about Boulder, and along
Boulder Canon road well towards Falls, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 560).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
322. COGSWELLIA Sprengel. PARSLEY.
765. C. orientalis (C. & R.) Jones \Lomatium orientate C. &
R.; Peucedanum nudicaule Nutt. in part].
Common in the foothills, 4000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 157 in
part).
SOUTH DAKOTA, MONTANA and IDAHO to KANSAS, NEW
MEXICO and ARIZONA.
333] •• FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 185
323. PSETTDOCYMOPTERTTS C. & R. FALSE CYMOP-
TERUS.
766. P. sylvaticus A. Nels. SYLVAN FALSE CYMOPTERUS.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
767. P. multifidus Rydb. [P. montanus multifidus Rydb.].
MULTIFID-LEAVED FALSE CYMOPTERUS.
Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
899).
COLORADO.
Series 2. SYMPETALAE.
Order 34. ERICALES.
Family 83. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. Indian pipe family.
324. PTEROSPORA Nutt. PINE DROPS.
768. P. Andromedea Nutt. GIANT BIRD'S-NEST.
Rare under pines on the north slopes of Green Mt., 6000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 530). Also on North and South Boulder
Peaks (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA.
Family 84. PYROLACEAE Agardh. Wintergreen family.
325. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. PIPSISSEWA.
769. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. UMBELLATE PIPSISSEWA.
Common in shady canons on Green Mt., 6500-8100 ft. (Dan-
iels, 751). Also on north and south Boulder Peaks (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to ALASKA ; GEORGIA to CALIFORNIA and MEX-
ICO: EUROPE: ASIA.
326. MONESES Salisb. SINGLE DELIGHT.
770. M. Tiniflora (L.) Gray [Pyrola uniflora L.]. ONE-
FLOWERED WINTERGREEN.
At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley
&Robbins).
LABRADOR to ALASKA ; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO and ORE-
GON : EUROPE : ASIA.
1 86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [334
327. PYBOLA L. WINTERGREEN. SHINLEAF.
771. P. secunda L. ONE-SIDED WINTERGREEN, or SHINLEAF.
Shady banks of canons on the north slopes of Green Mt.,
mainly under Douglas spruce, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 531).
Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA to CALIFOR-
NIA : EUROPE : ASIA.
772. P. uliginosa Torr. [P. rotundifolia uliginosa Gray] . BOG
WINTERGREEN, Or SHINLEAF.
With the preceding, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 534). Also on
South Boulder Peak (Rydberg).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW YORK to COLO-
RADO and CALIFORNIA : JAPAN.
Family 85. ERICACEAE D C. Heath family.
328. AECTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. BEARBERRY.
773. A. TTva-nrsi (L.) Spreng. [Uva-ursi Uva-ursi (L.)
Cockerell. nov. comb.; U. procumbens Moench]. RED
BEARBERRY.
Common on dry slopes, 5800-8600 ft. (Daniels, 453). Also
at Eldora and on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). South Boulder Canon; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Pine
Glade School; Copeland's (Ramaley). Uva-ursi (Tourn.)
Miller, 1754, has priority over Arctostaphylos Adans. 1763,
but should such a hyphenated word stand as a generic name?
LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY to
COLORADO and OREGON: EUROPE: ASIA.
329. GATTLTHEBIA L. WINTERGREEN.
774. G. humifusa (Graham) Rydb. [G. Myrsinitis Hook.].
CREEPING WINTERGREEN.
Fourth of July Mine, loooo-iiooo ft. (Andrews).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
330. KALMIA L. LAMBKILL.
775. K. microphylla (Hook.) Heller [K. glauca microphylla
Hook.l. SMALL-LEAVED SWAMP LAUREL.
335] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 187
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 900). Also at Caribou, and on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Camp Albion; Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
Family 86. VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Blueberry family.
331. VACCINTUM L. BLUEBERRY. BILBERRY.
776. V. caespitosum Michx. DWARF BILBERRY.
From Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; NEW BRUNSWICK and NEW HAMP-
SHIRE to COLORADO and WASHINGTON.
777. V. scoparium Leiberg. [V. Myrtillus microphyllum
HOOK; V. erythrococcum Rydb.] . RED-BERRIED BILBERRYI
Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow and on
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 331).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
778. V. oreophilum Rydb. MYRTLE BLUEBERRY.
Common in coniferous forests at 10000 ft. (Ramaley), where
it has been collected at Bald Mountain near Ward; Redrock
lake above Ward; Fourth of July Mine; and at the foot of
Long's Peak.
ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to NEW MEXICO.
Order 35. PRIMULALES.
Family 87. PRIMULACEAE Vent. Primrose family.
332. PRIMULA L. PRIMROSE.
779. P. angustifolia Torr. NARROW-LEAVED PRIMROSE.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline in dry tundras near snow,
12000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 886).
COLORADO.
780. P. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S PRIMROSE.
Along cold streams crossing the Arapahoe Trail, and in wet
tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-13000 ft.
(Daniels, 921). Also at Caribou, and in the mountains south
of Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
1 88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [336
333. ANDROSACE L. ROCK PRIMROSE.
781. A. puberulenta Rydb. PUBERULENT ROCK PRIMROSE.
Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, 9200 ft.
(Daniels, 338). Plains near Boulder (Rydberg).
MANITOBA, MACKENZIE and ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO.
782. A. pinetorum Greene. PINE FOREST ROCK PRIMROSE.
Common under rocks in the foothills and mesas, 5700-8100
ft. (Daniels, 276). Probably Porter and Coulter's A. septen-
trionalis L. from Long's Peak is this plant, as is Coulter's
plant from Long's Peak in Wabash College Herb.
MACKENZIE to YUKON ; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
783. A. subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small. SUBUMBELLATE
ROCK PRIMROSE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, a diminutive alpine form,
11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 876).
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
784. A. diffusa Small. DIFFUSE ROCK PRIMROSE.
At Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 714). Also Massif
de T Arapahoe (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley
&Robbins).
MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to ARI-
ZONA.
785. A. subulifera (Gray) Rydb. [A. septentrionalis subuli-
fera Gray]. SUBULIFEROUS ROCK PRIMROSE.
Near Boulder (Coulter).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
334. STEIRONEMA Raf. LOOSESTRIFE.
786. S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. [Lysimachia ciliata L.]. FRINGED
LOOSESTRIFE.
In springy grounds and moist canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 73).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to ARIZONA:
naturalized in EUROPE.
337] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 189
335. CENTUNCULUS L. CHAFFWEED.
787. C. minimus L. LEAST CHAFFWEED.
Under pines, mesas south of Chautauqua grounds, Boulder,
5800 ft. (Daniels, 180). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
ILLINOIS and MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA
to TEXAS and MEXICO: EUROPE: SOUTH AMERICA.
336. DODECATHEON L. SHOOTING STAR.
788. D. philoscia A. Nels. SHADE-LOVING SHOOTING STAR.
In the spray of Boulder Falls and along other deep canons,
6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 800).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
789. D. radicatum Greene. MANY-FLOWERED SHOOTING STAR.
Common in deep canons, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels, 274).
Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Boulder Canon
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO.
790. D. sinuatum Rydb. [D. radicatum sinuatum Rydb.].
WAVY-LEAVED SHOOTING STAR.
Occasional in canons with the preceding, of which it seems
to be merely a wavy-leaved form, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels,
854).
COLORADO.
790^2. D. pauciflomm (Durand) Greene. FEW-FLOWERED
SHOOTING STAR.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MACKENZIE and SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO.
337. DROSACE A. Nels.
791. D. carinata (Torr.) A. Nels. [Douglasia Johnstoni Aven
Nelson]. JOHNSTON'S DOUGLASIA.
Long's Peak (Aven Nelson), the type locality of Douglasia
Johnstoni.
COLORADO.
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [338
Order 36. GENTIANALES.
Family 88. GENTIANACEAE Dumont. Gentian family.
338. ETTSTOMA Salisb.
792. E. Andrewsii A. Nelson. ANDREWS'S EUSTOMA.
Near Boulder, the type locality (Andrews).
COLORADO.
339. ANTHOPOGON Heck. FRINGED GENTIAN.
793. A. elegans (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana elegans A. Nels.].
.SHOWY FRINGED GENTIAN.
Long's Peak (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley
&Robbins).
MACKENZIE to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
794. A. barbellatus (Engelm.) Rydb. [Gentiana barbellata
Engelm. ; G. Moseleyi A. Nels.]. BEARDED FRINGED GEN-
TIAN.
Aspen bogs at Eldora and along streams crossing Arapahoe
Trail, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 863). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins). The type of Nelson's G. Moseleyi is
from Boulder Co.
COLORADO.
340. AMAEELLA Gileb. GENTIAN.
795. A. monantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana monantha
A. Nels.]. ONE-FLOWERED GENTIAN.
Above timberline in wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 897). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley
& Robbins).
COLORADO.
796. A. strictiflora (Rydb.) Greene [Gentiana amarella stric-
ta S. Wats. ; G. strictiflora Rydb.] STRICT-FLOWERED GEN-
TIAN.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
339] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IQI
797. A. scopulorum Greene [Gentianella dementis Rydb.].
CRAG GENTIAN.
Common in deep canons and aspen bogs, 6500 (Green Mt.)-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 608). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley &
Robbins ) .
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
798. A. plebeja (Cham.) Greene [Gentiana plebeja
Cham.; G. amarella acuta Gray, not Hook.]. Low GEN-
TIAN.
Ward (Cockerell).
MACKENZIE and ALASKA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA. (?)
798a. A. plebeja Holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. [Gentiana plebeja
Holmii Wettst.; Amarella nana Engelm.]. HOLM'S GEN-
TIAN.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 944). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
Range of the type.
341. CHONDROPHYLLA A. Nels.
799. C. Fremontii (Torr.) A. Nels. [Gentiana Fremontii
Torr.]. FREMONT'S GENTIAN.
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.)'-
WYOMING to COLORADO.
C. Americana (Engelm.) A. Nels. [Gentiana pros-
trata Americana Engelm.]. AMERICAN GENTIAN.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
ALBERTA and ALASKA to COLORADO.
342. DASYSTEPHANA Adans. CLOSED GENTIAN.
800. D. Romanzovii (Ledeb.) Rydb. [Gentiana Romanzovii
Ledeb.]. ROMANZOF'S CLOSED GENTIAN.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels,
892). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to ALASKA ; COLORADO to UTAH : ASIA.
IQ2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [340
801. D. Parryi (Engelm.) Rydb. [Gentiana Parryi Engelm.].
PARRY'S CLOSED GENTIAN.
Bogs at Eldora, thence along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe
Peak, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 847). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
802. D. Bigelovii (Gray} Rydb. [Gentiana Bigelovii Gray].
BlGELOW's CLOSED GENTIAN.
Dry mesas near entrance to Bear Canon, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 766).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
343. PLEITROGYNE Eschsch.
803. P. fontana A. Nels. [P. rotata tenuifolia Griseb.] . FOUN-
TAIN PLEUROGYNE.
At Caribou (Rydberg).
HUDSON BAY and ALASKA to COLORADO.
344. SWERTIA L.
804. S. palustris A. Nels. MARSH SWERTIA.
Along alpine streams, Arapahoe Trail, and in wet tundras,
Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
893). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
804^. S. congesta A. Nels. DENSE-FLOWERED SWERTIA.
Long's Peak (Cooper).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
345. FRASERA Walt. COLUMBO.
805. F. stenosepala Rydb. NARROW-SEPALLED COLUMBO.
On the mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 168). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
806. F. speciosa Dougl. SHOWY COLUMBO.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA and OREGON; COLORADO to
CALIFORNIA.
34 1 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 193
807. F. angustifolia Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED COLUMBO.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
Order 37. ASCLEPIADALES.
Family 89. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family.
346. APOCYNTTM L. DOGBANE.
808. A. androsaemifolium L. SPREADING DOGBANE.
South Boulder Canon, and north of Nederland, 6500-9000
ft. (Ramaley).
ANTICOSTI to BRITISH COLUMBIA; GEORGIA to ARIZONA.
809. A. scopulorum Greene. CRAG DOGBANE.
Common on the foothills, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 231). Su-
garloaf (Ramaley).
SASKATCHEWAN and YUKON to COLORADO.
8 10. A. lividum Greene. PALE DOGBANE.
Eldora (Ramaley).
COLORADO.
811. A. ambigens Greene. SMOOTH DOGBANE.
In Boulder Canon, Bear Canon, and other valleys in the
foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 515).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
812. A. cannabinum L. INDIAN HEMP.
Along railroads and stream banks, and ascending along the
canons and gulches for some distance into the foothills, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 348).
ANTICOSTI to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to LOWER CALIFOR-
NIA.
813. A. hypericifolium Ait. CLASPING-LEAVED DOGBANE.. ST.
JOHNSWORT INDIAN HEMP.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and along
roads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 409).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OHIO to NEW MEXICO.
IQ4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [342
Family 90. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed family.
347. ACEEATES Ell. GREEN MILKWEED.
814. A. viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton. COMMON GREEN MILKWEED.
Occasional in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 405).
MASSACHUSETTS to MONTANA; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO.
815. A. angustifolia (Nutt.) Dec. [Asclepias stenophylla
Gray]. NARROW-LEAVED GREEN MILKWEED.
Common in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 298).
SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; MISSOURI to TEXAS and NEW
MEXICO.
348. ASCLEPIAS L. MILKWEED.
816. A. speciosa Torr. SHOWY MILKWEED.
Frequent in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 262).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR-
NIA.
817. A. brachystephana Engelm. SHORT-CROWNED MILKWEED.
Rare on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
404).
WYOMING to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
818. A. incarnata L. SWAMP MILKWEED.
In swales and along streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 671).
NEW BRUNSWICK to MANITOBA; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO.
819. A. pumila (Gray) Vail [A. verticillata pumila Gray].
DWARF MILKWEED.
Local in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
6).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to NEW MEXICO.
343] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 195
Order 38. POLEMONIALES.
Family 91. CTJSCTITACEAE Dumont. Dodder family.
349. CUSCUTA L. DODDER.
820. C. curta Engelm. [C. Gronovii curta Engelm.] SHORT-
STYLED DODDER.
On Ambrosia psilostachya DC, along Union Pacific Rail-
road east of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 696).
COLORADO to UTAH.
821. C. indecora Choisy. PRETTY DODDER.
On Thermopsis pinetorum Greene. Rocky ledge at Mar-
shall, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 426).
ILLINOIS to NEBRASKA and COLORADO; FLORIDA to CALIFOR-
NIA; TROPICAL AMERICA.
Family 92. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Bindweed family.
350. EVOLVULUS L.
822. E. Nuttallianus R. & S. [E. argenteus Pursh]. NUT-
TALL'S EVOLVULUS.
Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 474).
SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
351. PHARBITIS Choisy. MORNING GLORY.
823. P. purpurea (L.) Voight [P. hispida Choisy; Ipomoea
purpurea (L.) Roth]. COMMON MORNING GLORY.
Escaped along Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 792).
TROPICAL AMERICA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
352. CONVOLVULUS L. BINDWEED.
824. C. arvensis L. FIELD BINDWEED.
Along streets of Boulder, 5300-5700 (Chautauqua grounds)
ft. (Daniels, 816).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
196 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [344
825. C. ambigens House. HAIRY BINDWEED.
Plains near Boulder (Rydberg). Perhaps only a state of
the preceding.
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
353. VOLVULUS Medic. BRACTED BINDWEED.
826. V. interior (House) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Convolvu-
lus interior House] . INLAND BRACTED BINDWEED.
Low flats near Valmont Dike, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 669).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; OKLAHOMA to ARIZONA.
Family 93. POLEMONIACEAE. Jacob's ladder family.
354. PHLOX L. PHLOX.
827. P. mnltiflora A. Nelson. MANY-FLOWERED PHLOX.
North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
828. P. depressa (E. Nelson) Rydberg [P. multiflora de-
pressa E. Nelson]. Low PHLOX.
Dry slopes of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 105).
COLORADO.
829. P. longifolia Nutt. LONG-LEAVED PHLOX.
Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wa-
bash College Herb.).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to OREGON.
355. MICROSTEKIS Greene.
830. M. micrantha (Kellogg) Greene [Collomia micrantha
Kellogg]. SMALL-FLOWERED MICROSTERIS.
At Boulder (Cockerell).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA; SOUTH
AMERICA (CHILI and BOLIVIA to MAGELLAN STRAITS).
356. LINANTHUS Benth.
831. L. Harknessii (Curran) Greene [Cilia Harknessii Cur-
ran]. HARKNESS' LINANTHUS.
Flood-sands of streams, north slope of Green Mt, 6000-8000
ft. (Daniels, 467).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
345] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 197
357. GILIA R. & P. GILIA.
832. G. spicata Nutt. SPIKED GILIA.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; COLORADO to UTAH.
833. G. attenuata (Gray) A. Nelson [G. aggregata attenuate,
Gray]. ACUTE-LOBED GILIA.
Foothills and mesas about Boulder, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels).
White flowered, but it passes into the following variety
through a series of forms of all shades of pink from nearly
white to almost scarlet.
IDAHO to COLORADO and UTAH.
833a. G. attenuata collina (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[Callisteris collina Greene]. FOOTHILL GILIA.
Alpine forested slopes near Eldora, and also near the sum-
mit of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 343). The pink
of the flowers varies from nearly white to scarlet.
Range of the type?
834. G. Candida Rydb. [Callisteris leucantha Greene]. WHITE
GILIA.
Common on the mesas, foothills and mountain «!opes, 5700-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 46). Corollas often pinkish, perhaps hy-
brids with the above. Also South Boulder Peak, and in the
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
835. G. pinnatifida Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED GILIA.
Common throughout and very variable, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 45). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
. NEBRASKA and WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
836. G. suraata Benth. WAVY-LEAVED GILIA.
Common in the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500
ft. (Daniels, 193).
COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
837. G. inconspicua (Smith) Dougl. INCONSPICUOUS GILIA.
On the foothills, 5900-8000 ft. (Daniels).
COLORADO and UTAH to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
198 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [346
358. COLLOMIA Nutt.
838. C. linearis Nutt. [Gilia linearis (Nutt.) Gray]. NAR-
ROW-LEAVED COLLOMIA.
Very common throughout in shady or half -shady places,
especially on creek sands, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 51). Also
at Ward (Rydberg).
NORTH DAKOTA and MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; ARI-
ZONA to CALIFORNIA ; introduced eastward.
838a. C. linearis Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var.
Leaves narrower than in the type, sharply acuminate ; flower-
clusters densely capitate, the calyx-lobes and the bracts strongly
pungent; a dwarfish form, blossoming earlier than the type.
Near Gilia linearis subulata Gray.
Plains about Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 60).
359. POLEMONIUM L. JACOB'S LADDER. GREEK VA-
LERIAN.
839. P. pulchemnmm Hook. FAIREST JACOB'S LADDER.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1021). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and in the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward, Brand makes this species a
synonym of the next.
COLORADO.
840. P. delicatum Rydb. DELICATE JACOB'S LADDER.
At timberline (or just below) under shrubs, Arapahoe Peak,
10500-11500 ft. (Daniels, 872).
COLORADO and NEW MEXICO.
841. P. molle Greene. SOFT JACOB'S LADDER.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
842. P. robustum Rydb. STOUT GREEK VALERIAN.
Boulder creek near Falls, 6500-7500 ft. (Daniels, 296).
COLORADO.
843. P. mellitum (Gray) Greene [P. confertum mellitum
Gray]. YELLOW GREEK VALERIAN.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING and COLORADO to NEVADA.
347] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 99
843 */•>. P. confertum Gray. PURPLE GREEK VALERIAN.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
844. P. Brandegeei (Gray) Greene [Gilia Brandegeei Gray].
BRANDEGEE'S GREEK VALERIAN.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
Family 94. HYDROLEACEAE. H. B. K. Hydrolea family.
360. HYDROPHYLLTJM L. WATERLEAF.
845. H. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [H. occidentale Fendleri
Gray]. FENDLER'S WATERLEAF.
Common along streams in shade, and in deep mountain
canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 129). Also in the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING and IDAHO to NEW MEXICO.
361. MACROCALYX Trew.
846. M. Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze [Ellisia Nyctelea L.]. NYCTE-
LEA.
Along streams and in gulches in mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 597).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO.
362. PHACELIA Juss. PHACELIA.
847. P. leu cophylla Torr. WHITE-LEAVED PHACELIA.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
848. P. heterophylla Pursh. VARIOUS-LEAVED PHACELIA.
Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels,
40). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
849. P. glandulosa Nutt. GLANDULAR PHACELIA.
Boulder Canon above Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 548).
MONTANA to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
200 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [348
850. P. Neo-Mexicana alba (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb.
WHITE NEW MEXICAN PHACELIA.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
363. EUTOCA R. Br.
851. E. sericea Graham in Hook. [Phacelia sericea (Grab.)
Gray]. SILKY PHACELIA.
Common about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 312). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to NEVADA.
Family 95. BORAGINACEAE Gray. Borage family.
364. LAPPULA Moench. STICKSEED.
852. L. floribunda (Lehm.) Greene [Echinospermum flori-
bundum Lehm.]. LARGE-FLOWERED STICKSEED.
Frequent in Bear and Boulder Canons, 6000-7500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 448).
MANITOBA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA.
853. L. angustata Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED STICKSEED.
Common in canons in the foothills, 5600-7500 ft. (Daniels,
674).
COLORADO to WYOMING.
854. L. occidentalis (Wats.) Greene [Echinospermum Redow-
skyi occidental Wats.] WESTERN STICKSEED.
Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
6).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON; MISSOURI to NEW MEX-
ICO.
855. L. cnpnlata (Gray) Rydb. [Echinospermum Redowskyi
cupulatum Gray]. CUPULATE STICKSEED.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 9).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; TEXAS to COLORADO.
349] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2QI
364i/2. ERITRICHTOM Schrader. MOUNTAIN FORGET-
ME-NOT.
855/^. E. argenteum Wight. SILVERY MOUNTAIN FORGET-ME-
NOT.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
WYOMING and COLORADO to UTAH.
365. OREOCARYA Greene. MOUNTAIN NUT.
856. 0. suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene [Krynitzkia Jamesii
Gray]. JAMES'S MOUNTAIN NUT.
Slopes of Green Mountain, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 527). Plains
and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING and COLORADO.
857. 0. virgata (Porter) Greene [Krynitzkia virgata (Por-
ter) Gray]. VIRGATE MOUNTAIN NUT.
Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 19).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
857/^2 . 0. pulvinata A. Nels. PULVINATE MOUNTAIN NUT.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO.
366. AIXOCARYA Greene.
858. A. scopulorum Greene. MOUNTAIN ALLOCARYA.
Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 701).
Also at Boulder (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
367. CRYPTANTHE Lehm.
859. C. crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene [Krynitzkia crassise-
pala (T. & G.) Gray]. THICK-SEPALLED CRYPTANTHE.
Frequent on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 389).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; TEXAS to UTAH and MEX-
ICO.
2O2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [350
860. C. Pattersonii (Gray) Greene [Krynitskia Pattersonii
Gray]. PATTERSON'S CRYPTANTHEL
In the spray of Boulder Falls, 7500 ft. (Daniels, 609).
WYOMING and COLORADO.
368. MERTENSIA Roth. LUNGWORT. BLUEBELLS.
86 1. M. punctata Greene. PUNCTATE BLUEBELLS.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 716).
COLORADO.
862. M. polyphylla Greene. MANY-LEAVED BLUEBELLS.
Along stream in alpine valley near snow, above Bloomer-
ville, and in Boulder Canon above the Falls, 8000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 320). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Ward
(Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
863. M. lateriflora Greene. SIDE-FLOWERED LUNGWORT.
Along streams on mountain slope above Bloomerville near
snow, 9300 ft. (Daniels. 337). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins). Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
864. M. viridula Rydb. GREENISH LUNGWORT.
Canons in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 34).
COLORADO.
865. M. amoena A. Nels. PLEASANT LUNGWORT.
At Boulder; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
866. M. linearis Greene. LINEAR-LEAVED LUNGWORT.
Subalpine meadows, Boulder Canon beyond the Falls, 7000-
8000 ft. (Daniels, 226). Also at Boulder; and from Eldora
to Baltimore (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO.
867. M. lanceolata (Pursh) DC. LANCE-LEAVED LUNGWORT.
Common throughout except in high alpine places, 5100-9000
ft. (Daniels, 14). Very variable.
MONTANA to COLORADO and NEW MEXICO.
35 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2O3
868. M. Secundorum Cockerell. HAIRY LUNGWORT.
Near mouth of Boulder Canon (Cockerell), the type local-
ity, where it was discovered by students of the State Prepara-
tory School, whence the specific name.
COLORADO.
869. M. micrantha Aven Nelson. SMALL-FLOWERED LUNG-
WORT.
Flagstaff Hill, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 636). Also Sugar
Loaf Mt., collected by Dr. Ramaley (Nelson), the type local-
ity.
COLORADO.
870. M. perplexa Rydb. PERPLEXING LUNGWORT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
645). Also mountains south of Ward the type-locality (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO.
871. M. alpina (Torr.) Don. ALPINE LUNGWORT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1022).
COLORADO.
369. LITHOSPEE.MTJM L. CROMWELL. PUCCOON.
872. L. canescens (Michx.) Lehm. HOARY PUCCOON.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
ONTARIO to NORTH DAKOTA; ALABAMA to COLORADO and
ARIZONA.
873. L. linearifolium Goldie [L. angustifolium Michx.] . NAR-
ROW-LEAVED PUCCOON.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
ILLINOIS and MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to
ARIZONA.
874. L. breviflorum Engelm. & Gray [L. albescens Greene].
SHORT-FLOWERED PUCCOON.
Common on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the lower
foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 130).
ARKANSAS to COLORADO; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and MEX-
ICO.
2O4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [352
370. ONOSMODITO Michx. FALSE CROMWELL.
875. 0. occidentale Mackenzie. WESTERN FALSE CROMWELL.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
183). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
MANITOBA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to TEXAS and
UTAH.
371. LYCOPSIS L. BUGLOSS.
876. L. arvensis L. SMALL BUGLOSS.
Roadsides near entrance to Boulder Canon, 5400-5500 ft.
(Daniels, 165). Not in Rydberg' s Flora.
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 96. VERBENACEAE St. Hil. Vervain family.
372. VERBENA L. VERVAIN.
877. V. hastata L. BLUE VERVAIN.
Along streams in the plains, but ascending Boulder creek
for a considerable distance into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft.
(Daniels, 579).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFOR-
NIA.
878. V. bracteosa Michx. [V. rudis Greene]. LARGE-BRACTED
VERVAIN.
Common in waste places, and on the plains, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 2).
MICHIGAN to ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to
CALIFORNIA.
878a. V. bracteosa albiflora Cockerell. Nov. var. WHITE-
FLOWERED LARGE-BRACTED VERVAIN.
Differs from the type in having white flowers. Campus of
the University of Colorado, July 15, 1908 (Cockerell).
879. V. ambrosifolia Rydb. RAGWEED-LEAVED VERVAIN.
At Boulder, and in Boulder Co. (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX-
ICO.
353] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
879V2. V. Canadensis (L.) Brit. [V. Aubletia Jacq.]. COM-
MON WILD VERBENA.
St. Vrain river (Porter and Coulter).
INDIANA to COLORADO; FLORIDA to NEW MEXICO and MEX-
ICO.
373. PHYLA Lour. FOG-FRUIT.
880. P. cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Lippia cuneifolia Torr.].
WEDGE-LEAVED FOG-FRUIT.
Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and on
the sandy shores of Boulder creek for some distance in the
foothills, 5300-6200 ft. (Daniels, 406).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX-
ICO.
Family 97. LAMIACEAE. Dead nettle family.
374. TETTCKIUM L. GERMANDER.
88 1. T. occidentale Gray. WESTERN GERMANDER.
Swales in the plains, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 407).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLO-
RADO and CALIFORNIA.
375. SCUTELLARIA L. SKULLCAP.
882. S. galericulta L. HOODED SKULLCAP.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA ; NORTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA :
EUROPE: ASIA.
883. S. Brittonii Porter. BRITTON'S SKULLCAP.
Common on the foothills and mesas, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels,
146). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). St. Vrain
river, as S\ resinosa Torr. (Porter and Coulter), unless this
plant be indeed the next.
WYOMING to COLORADO.
883^. S. virgulata A. Nels. [5. Brittonii virgulata (A. Nels.)
Rydb.]. WAND-LIKE SKULLCAP.
Along streams in mesas, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 33).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
2C>6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [354
376. NEPETA L. CATNIP. CATMINT.
884. N. Cataria L. COMMON CATNIP.
Common in waste places, and following the roads for some
distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 459).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
377. GLECOMA (GLECHOMA) L. GROUND IVY.
885. Gr. hederacea L. [Nepeta Glechoma Benth.]. GILL-OVER-
THE-GROUND.
At Boulder (Rydberg). Found in Boulder, April, 1905, by
Miss Tollie Rudd; a specimen was sent to Dr. Rydberg.
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
378. DRACOCEPHALTJM L. DRAGON'S-HEAD.
886. D. parviflorum Nutt. SMALL-FLOWERED DRAGON'S-HEAD.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 87).
NEW YORK to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
379. PRUNELLA (B RUN ELL A) L. SELF-HEAL.
HEAL-ALL.
887. P. (B.) vulgaris L. COMMON SELF-HEAL.
Common in damp places on the plains, and occasional in
remote canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 240).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA, where north-
ward it is possibly native.
380. LEONTTRTJS L. MOTHERWORT.
888. L. Cardiaca L. COMMON MOTHERWORT.
Common in waste places, and following the roads for some
distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 460).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
381. STACHYS L. HEDGE NETTLE.
889. S. scopulorum Greene. CRAG HEDGE NETTLE.
In swales in the plains, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 502). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).
MINNESOTA, MACKENZIE and ALBERTA to NEW MEXICO.
355] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2O7
382. SALVIA L. SAGE.
890. S. lanceolata Willd. LANCE-LEAVED SAGE.
Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 280).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEX-
ICO.
383. MONAKDA. L. HORSEMINT. BERGAMOT.
891. M. menthaefolia Grab. MINT-LEAVED BERGAMOT.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 955). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
ILLINOIS to MANITOBA and IDAHO; TEXAS to COLORADO.
892. M. stricta Wooton. STRICT BERGAMOT.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
893. M. mollis L. SOFT BERGAMOT.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
222).
MISSOURI to SOUTH DAKOTA and MONTANA; GEORGIA to
TEXAS and COLORADO.
894. M. pectinata Nutt. [M. Nuttallii A. Nels.]. PECTINATE
HORSE-MINT.
Abounding in the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
13). Boulder is the type-locality of M. Nuttallii A. Nels.
COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
895. M. Ramaleyi A. Nels. RAMALEY'S HORSE-MINT.
Boulder creek near Boulder, the type locality (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
384. HEDEOMA Pers. PENNYROYAL.
896. H. hispida Pursh. HISPID PENNYROYAL.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
195).
COLORADO to UTAH ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
208 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [356
385. LYCOPTTS L. WATER HOARHOUND.
897. L. lucidus Turcz. WESTERN WATER HOARHOUND.
Along ditches and streams, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 783).
MINNESOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI to COLORADO
and CALIFORNIA.
898. L. Americanus Muhl. [L. sinuatus Ell. ; L. Europeus sin-
uatus (Ell.) Gray]. AMERICAN WATER HOARHOUND.
Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 508).
NEWFOUNDLAND to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI-
FORNIA.
386. MENTHA L. MINT.
899. M. spicata L. [M. viridis L.] . SPEARMINT.
Along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 742).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
900. M. Penardi (Briq.) Rydb. [M. arvensis Penardi Briq.].
PENARD'S MINT.
Along ditches and streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 164).
NEBRASKA to MACKENZIE and BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLO-
RADO to UTAH.
Family 98. SOLANACEAE Pers. Nightshade family.
387. PHYSAHS L. GROUND CHERRY.
901. P. longifolia Nutt. [P. lanceolata laevigata Gray]. LONG-
LEAVED GROUND CHERRY.
Boulder Canon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 153).
IOWA to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
902. P. lanceolata Michx. PRAIRIE GROUND CHERRY.
Common on the plains and mesas in loose or sandy soils,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 523).
MICHIGAN to WYOMING; SOUTH CAROLINA to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
903. P. Virginiana Mill. VIRGINIA GROUND CHERRY.
Cultivated fields and roadsides on the plains, and foothills,
appearing like an introduced weed, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
684). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
357] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
NEW YORK to MANITOBA and MONTANA ; FLORIDA to TEXAS
and COLORADO.
904. P. heterophylla Nees. CLAMMY GROUND CHERRY.
At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg).
NEW BRUNSWICK to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to TEXAS
and UTAH.
905. P. comata Rydb. HAIRY WESTERN GROUND CHERRY.
Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 403).
NEBRASKA and COLORADO to TEXAS.
906. P. rotundata Rydb. ROUND-LEAVED GROUND CHERRY.
Plains about Boulder, chiefly in loose sands, 5100-5700 ft.
(Daniels, 487).
NORTH DAKOTA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
,388. QTTINCULA Raf. PURPLE GROUND CHERRY.
907. Q. lobata (Torr.) Raf. [Physalis lobata Torr.]. LOBED
PURPLE GROUND CHERRY.
At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg). A few miles north
of Boulder, abundant on the Pierre (Cretaceous) shales, May
1906 (Cockerell).
KANSAS to COLORADO ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO.
389. ANDROCERA Nutt. BUR NIGHTSHADE.
908. A. rostrata (Dunal) Rydb. [Solanum rostratum Dunal;
A. lobata Nutt.]. COMMON BUR NIGHTSHADE.
Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 384). The
original host of the Colorado beetle or potato-bug.
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and
MEXICO ; as an introduced weed throughout the eastern UNITED
STATES.
390. SOLANTTM L. NIGHTSHADE.
909. S. triflorum Nutt. THREE-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE.
Common in yards, waste places, and loose soils on the plains,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 282).
ONTARIO to ALBERTA; KANSAS to ARIZONA.
210 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [358
909^2. S. interius Rydb. INLAND NIGHTSHADE.
Near Boulder (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
910. S. villosum (Mill.) Lam. [S. nigrum villosum Mill.].
VlLLOUS NIGHTSHADE.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to LOWER CAL-
IFORNIA.
391. LYCOPERSICON (LYCOPERSICUM) Mill. TO-
MATO.
911. L. Lycopersicum (L.) Karst. [Solanum Lycopersicum
L.]. COMMON TOMATO.
Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 791).
SOUTH AMERICA, thence common in cultivation.
392. LYCIUM L. MATRIMONY VINE.
912. L. vulgare L. COMMON MATRIMONY VINE.
South of University Campus, Boulder (W. W. Robbins).
Not in Rydberg' s Flora.
EUROPE, AFRICA, and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
393. DATURA L. THORN-APPLE.
913. D. Stramonium L. JIM SON WEED.
Waste places, especially common along railroads, and on
creek-sands in Boulder Canon, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 810).
ASIA, thence cosmopolitan.
914. D. Tatula L. PURPLE THORN-APPLE.
Streets of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 566). Also at
Salina (Ramaley).
SOUTH AMERICA, thence cosmopolitan.
394. NICOTIANA L. TOBACCO.
915. N. attenuate, Torr. NIGHT-BLOOMING TOBACCO.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFOR-
NIA.
359] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 211
Family 99. RHINANTHACEAE St. Hil. Rattle-box family.
395. VERBASCUM L. MULLEN.
916. V. Thapsus L. COMMON MULLEN.
Waste places and cultivated grounds, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 457)-
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
917. V. Blattaria L. MOTH MULLEN.
Along Union Pacific Railroad, near Boulder, 5200-5400 ft.
(Daniels, 677).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
396. LINARIA Mill. TOAD-FLAX.
918. L. Canadensis (L.) Dumont. CANADA TOAD-FLAX.
Common on the mesas in pine groves south of the Chautau-
qua grounds, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 179).
NOVA SCOTIA to WASHINGTON; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA:
CENTRAL AMERICA: SOUTH AMERICA.
397. COLLINSIA Nutt. INNOCENCE.
919. C. tenella (Pursh) Piper [C. parviflora Dougl.] LITTLE
BLUE-EYED MARY.
Shady springs and canons in the foothills and gulches in the
mesas, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 267). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg). St. Vrain's Canon ( Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; MICHIGAN to ARIZONA and
CALIFORNIA.
398. SCROPHTJLABIA L. FIGWORT.
920. S. occidentalis (Rydb.) Bickn. [S. nodosa occidentals
Rydb.]. WESTERN FIGWORT.
Canons, common, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 127).
NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; OKLAHOMA to CALIFOR-
NIA.
399. PENTSTEMON Soland. BEARD-TONGUE.
921. P. oreophilus Rydb. MOUNTAIN BEARD-TONGUE.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft.
212 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [360
(Daniels, 213). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
922. P. alpinus Torr. [P. glaber alpinus Gray; P. riparius A.
Nels.]. ALPINE BEARD-TONGUE.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 214). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO to WYOMING.
923. P. unilateralis Rydb. ONE-SIDED BEARD-TONGUE.
Common throughout in open places, 5300-8600 ft. (Daniels,
7). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
924. P. secundiflorus Benth. SHARP-LEAVED BEARD-TONGUE.
Common throughout in open situations, 5100-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 8).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
925. P. glaucus Graham. GLAUCOUS BEARD-TONGUE.
Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to UTAH; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
925a. P. glaucus stenosepalus Gray. NARROW-SEPALLED BEARD-
TONGUE.
Arapahoe Peak at timberline, nooo ft. (Daniels, 936). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake 10100 ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins).
Range of the type, but strictly alpine.
926. P. gracilis Nutt. SLENDER BEARD-TONGUE.
Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-
8000 ft. (Daniels, 22).
MANITOBA to SASKATCHEWAN; TEXAS to COLORADO.
927. P. humilis Nutt. Low BEARD-TONGUE.
Common throughout in open places, 5100-9200 (Ward) ft.
(Daniels, 177). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA and ALBERTA to COLORADO and NEVADA.
928. P. Kydbergii A. Nels. [P. erosus Rydb.]. RYDBERG' s
BEARD-TONGUE.
361] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 213
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING and WASHINGTON to COLORADO.
9281/2- P. procerus Dougl. TALL BEARD-TONGUE.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CAL-
IFORNIA.
400. CHIONOPHUA Benth. SNOW-FLOWER.
929. C. Jamesii Benth. JAMES'S SNOW-FLOWER.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, growing usually near the
snow, 11500-13500 ft. (Daniels, 911).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
401. MIMULTTS L. MONKEY FLOWER.
930. M. Langsdorfii Sims. LANGSDORF'S MONKEY FLOWER.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to ALASKA; NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and
MEXICO.
9303. M. Langsdorfii minor (A. Nels.) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[M. minor A. Nelson]. SMALL LANGSDORF'S MONKEY
FLOWER.
Near Boulder, the type locality (A. Nelson).
COLORADO.
931. M. puberulus Greene. PUBERULENT MONKEY FLOWER.
Subalpine bogs along streams, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels,
853).
COLORADO.
932. M. Hallii Greene. HALL'S MONKEY FLOWER.
Moist banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 25).
COLORADO.
933. M. Geyeri Torr. [M. Jamesii T. & G.] GEYER'S MON-
KEY FLOWER.
Along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 904).
MICHIGAN to NORTH DAKOTA; ILLINOIS to COLORADO.
214 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [362
934. M. floribundus Dougl. MANY-FLOWERED MONKEY FLOW-
ER.
Common in wet sands along streams and ditches, 5100-8000
ft. (Daniels, 247). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; ARIZONA to CALIFORNIA.
402. LIMOSELLA L. MUDWORT.
935. L. aquatica L. AQUATIC MUDWORT.
In shallow water at the margins of Owen's lake, and also
Glacier lake, 5200-9000 ft. (Daniels, 662).
Cosmopolitan in cold and alpine situations.
403. GRATIOLA L. HEDGE HYSSOP.
936. Gr. Virginiana L. CLAMMY HEDGE HYSSOP.
Limose places along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100-
5800 ft. (Daniels, 377). Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).
QUEBEC to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALIFORNIA.
404. VERONICA L. SPEEDWELL. BROOKLIME.
937. V. Americana Schwein. AMERICAN BROOKLIME.
In springs and shallow streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
70).
ANTICOSTI to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA.
938. V. Wormskjoldii R. & S. WORM SKJ OLD'S SPEEDWELL.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
927). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW HAMPSHIRE to COLORADO and
CALIFORNIA.
939. V. serpyllifolia L. THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.
Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 869). Also at
Caribou (Rydberg).
COSMOPOLITAN, except AFRICA and AUSTRALIA.
940. V. Xalapensis H. B. K. XALAPA SPEEDWELL.
Common in limose places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 577).
Young's V. peregrina from the forests about Boulder is doubt-
less this plant.
363] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21$
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to CALIFOR-
NIA.
941. V. agrestis L. FIELD SPEEDWELL.
Boulder, April, 1905 (Chas. Sellers). Not in Rydberg's
Flora.
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
942. V. Byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) B. S. P. [V. Buxbaumii
Tenore]. BYZANTINE SPEEDWELL.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
EUROPE and ASIA, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
405. BESSEYA Rydb.
943. B. alpina (Gray) Rydb. [Synthyris alpina Gray]. AL-
PINE SYNTHYRIS.
Massif de T Arapahoe (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
406. GERARDIA L. PURPLE FALSE FOXGLOVE.
944. GK Besseyana Britton. BESSEY'S PURPLE FALSE FOXGLOVE.
Along irrigation ditches, Arapahoe Road, 5200-5400 ft.
(Daniels, 789). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
IOWA to WYOMING; LOUISIANA to COLORADO.
407. CASTILLEJA Mutis. PAINTED CUP. INDIAN
PINK. PAINT BRUSH.
945. C. linariaefolia Benth. TOAD-FLAX-LEAVED PAINTED CUP.
Very common on the foothills and mountain slopes, and
occasional on the higher mesas, 5800-9000 ft. (Daniels, 538).
Also North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO, CALIFORNIA and MEXICO
9453. C. linariaefolia filiformis Daniels. Nov. var. FILLFORM
TOAD-FLAX-LEAVED PAINTED CUP.
Plant dwarf, 1-2*4 decimetres high, stem purplish, villous
at the base, leaves filiform, i mm. wide, 3-4^4 cm- long, the
lower with an occasional lobe or two; flowers few with cleft
bracts, the lower of which are green, the upper crimson, these
and the flowers puberulent, rather than villous as in the type.
2l6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [364
Barren ridges between Sugarloaf Mountain and Glacier
Lake, 8700-9200 ft. (Daniels, 976).
946. C. Crista-galli Rydb. COCKSCOMB PAINTED CUP.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
947. C. cognata Greene. YELLOW PAINTED CUP.
North slopes of Green Mountain; rare, 7000 ft. (Daniels,
975). Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell suggests that this plant is
probably a hybrid of C. linariaefolia Benth. and C. sulphured
Rydb.
COLORADO.
948. C. Integra Gray. ENTIRE-LEAVED PAINTED CUP.
Abundant throughout, except on the alpine summits ; on the
plains occurring principally on banks and ridges, 5600-9000
ft. (Daniels, 169). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA and MEXICO.
948^. C. rhexifolia Rydb. RHEXIA-LEAVED PAINTED CUP.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
ALBERTA and ALASKA to COLORADO.
949. C. confusa Greene. CONFUSED PAINTED CUP.
Subalpine meadows, but a few plants were also found on
a high bank in the mesas at base of the Flat-irons, 5800-10000
ft. (Daniels, 959). Also at Silver lake and north of Neder-
land (Ramaley); and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
950. C. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. ARAPAHOE PAINT-
ED CUP.
Perennial, the tufted stems, 2-2% dm. high, curved at the
base, smooth or slightly pubescent below, sparingly villous
with white hairs above; basal leaves short, purplish, obtusely
spatulate, 8-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide; lower stem-
leaves, as well as the leaves of the sterile shoots narrowly
linear 2^-3^4 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, acuminate, 3-ribbed,
puberulent; thence the leaves increase progressively in width
to the inflorescence, where they are from J^-i cm. wide, Ian-
365] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 217
ceolate acuminate, slightly-clasping at the base, entire, the up-
permost pubescent, or somewhat villous on the midribs and
margins, three-ribbed, the leaf-traces visible as prominent
ridges on the stem; bracts of the inflorescence relatively
broad, the lowermost i-ij4 cm- broad, about 2 cm. long, sub-
acute; the uppermost shorter and relatively broader, obtuse
or rounded at the apex; some of the bracts occasionally
notched toward the apices, or slightly lobed on each side; the
margins and veins somewhat villous; the bracts, as well as
the uppermost leaves rosy-pink; calyx with four nearly equal
subacute lobes, the sinus of the lateral lobes shallow; calyx
rosy-pink, villous; corolla exserted, 2% cm. long, glabrous, or
slightly puberulent above, the tip of the galea rosy pink, which
is thrice the length of the slightly incurved lip; the upper
pair of stamens more or less extruded from the galea; cap-
sule black-purple 4-5 mm. long, oblong, abruptly acutish.
Wet tundras, above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, Sept. I, 1906,
IIOOO-I2000 ft. (Daniels, 910).
951. C. lauta A. Nels. [C. oreopola subintegra Fernald]. SUB-
ENTIRE PAINTED CUP.
Near Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA and OREGON to COLORADO.
952. C. lancifolia Rydb. LANCE-LEAVED PAINTED CUP.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ALASKA to OREGON, MONTANA and COLORADO.
953. C. occidentalis Torr. [C. pallida occidentals (Torr.)
Gray]. WESTERN PAINTED CUP.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
884), where also collected by Ramaley & Robbins. Also at
Ward (Rydberg). A dwarf alpine form (about i dm. high)
occurs on the higher altitudes of Arapahoe Peak.
ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO.
954. C. sulphurea Rydb. SULPHUR PAINTED CUP.
Subalpine mountain-slopes and valleys at Eldora and Glacier
Lake, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 623). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg).
218 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [366
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; COLORADO to UTAH.
408. ORTHOCABPUS Nutt.
955. 0. luteus Nutt. YELLOW ORTHOCARPUS.
Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
352). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
409. ELEPHANTELLA Rydb. LITTLE RED ELEPHANT.
956. E. Groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb. [Pedicularis Groenlan-
dica Retz.]. GREENLAND LITTLE RED ELEPHANT.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, thence to Arapahoe Peak
above timberline, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 625). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg) ; Ward (Cockerell).
GREENLAND and HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; LAB-
RADOR to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
410. PEDICULARIS L. LOUSEWORT.
957. P. racemosa Dougl. RACEMOSE LOUSEWORT.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
958. P. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S LOUSEWORT.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels).
1023). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
959. P. Grayi A. Nels. [P. procera Gray]. GRAY'S LOUSE-
WORT.
Subalpine slopes at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 644).
Also at Ward (Cockerell).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
960. P. scopulorum Gray. CRAG LOUSEWORT.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
882). Redrock lake, 10100 ft (Ramaley and Robbins).
COLORADO.
367] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO
Family 100. PINGUICULACEAE. Dumort. Butterwort
family.
411. TTTRICTTLARIA L. BLADDERWORT.
961- IT. vulgaris L. COMMON BLADDERWORT.
Cold marsh near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
NORTH AMERICA: EUROPE: ASIA.
Eamily 101. OROBANCHACEAE. Lindl. Broom-rape
family.
412. THALESIA Raf. CANCER-ROOT.
962. T. fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton [Aphyllon fasciculatum
(Nutt.) Gray]. CLUSTERED CANCER-ROOT.
Plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 18). All
the plants collected were parasitic on the roots of Psoralea
tenuiflora Pursh. My plants, as also some collected by Prof.
Cockerell north of Boulder, have larger calyx lobes (5-6 mm.)
than is usual in eastern plants.
INDIANA to YUKON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO.
9623. T. fasciculata lutea (Parry) Britton. YELLOW CLUS-
TERED CANCER-ROOT.
Boulder (W. P. Cockerell).
Range of the type?
Order 39. PLANTAGINALES.
Family 102. PLANT AGIN ACEAE. Lindl. Plantain family.
413. PLANTAGO L. PLANTAIN.
963. P. major L. COMMON PLANTAIN.
Waste places and along ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
675).
Cosmopolitan.
964. P. lanceolata L. ENGLISH PLANTAIN. RIBGRASS.
Waste places and roadsides, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 793).
EUROPE and ASIA, now cosmopolitan.
965. P. Purshii R. & S. [P. Patagonica gnaphalioides (Nutt.)
Gray]. PURSH'S PLANTAIN.
220 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [368
Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 494).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to
ARIZONA and MEXICO.
Order 4o. RUBIALES.
Family 103. RUBIACEAE. Juss. Madder family.
414. GAIITTM L. BEDSTRAW.
966. G. Vaillantii DC. [G. Aparine Vaillantii Koch]. VAIL-
LANT'S BEDSTRAW.
In gulches and canons, mainly in the shade, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 120).
MONTANA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to MEXICO.
967. G. boreale L. NORTHERN BEDSTRAW.
Common on the mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5600-
8600 ft. (Daniels, 89). Also between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
QUEBEC to ALASKA; NEW JERSEY to CALIFORNIA: EUROPE:
ASIA.
968. G. flaviflorum Heller. YELLOW-FLOWERED BEDSTRAW.
In gulches at base of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
499)-
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
969. G. triflorum Michx. FRAGRANT BEDSTRAW.
Canons of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 466).
NEWFOUNDLAND to ALASKA ; ALABAMA to CALIFORNIA.
Family 104. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Vent. Honeysuckle
family.
415. SAMBUCUS L. ELDER.
970. S. microbotrys Rydb. SMALL-BERRIED ELDER.
Slopes at Ward, 9200 ft. (Daniels, 306). Also between Sun-
shine and Ward (Rydberg); Spencer Mountain at Eldora;
Silver lake; foot of Long's Peak; Redrock lake, west of
Ward (Ramaley).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
369] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 221
971. S. melanocarpa Gray. BLACK-BERRIED ELDER.
Sugarloaf Mountain and North Boulder creek (Ramaley).
ALBERTA to IDAHO, COLORADO and OREGON.
416. VIBURNUM L. ARROWWOOD.
972. V. pauciflorum Pylaie. HIGH-BUSH CRANBERRY.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; PENNSYLVANIA to COLORADO and
ALASKA.
973. V. Lentago L. SHEEPBERRY. NANNYBERRY.
Gulch south of Boulder (Rydberg). Also Bluebell Canon,
if indeed the locality is not the same (Ramaley).
MAINE to MANITOBA; GEORGIA to COLORADO.
417. LINNAEA Gron. TWIN-FLOWER.
974. L. Americana Forbes. AMERICAN TWIN-FLOWER.
South Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Also Magnolia; Eldora;
Spencer Mountain at Eldora; foot of Arapahoe Peak; hill
south of Ward (Ramaley).
GREENLAND to ALASKA ; NEW JERSEY and MICHIGAN to COL-
ORADO and UTAH.
418. SYMPHORICARPOS Juss. SNOW-BERRY.
975. S. occidentalis Hook. WESTERN SNOW-BERRY.
Abundant on the higher mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 94). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
South Boulder creek (Ramaley).
MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; MICHIGAN and MIS-
SOURI to COLORADO.
976. S. vaccinioides Rydb. HUCKLEBERRY INDIAN CURRANT.
Sugarloaf; foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
977. S. oreophilus Gray. MOUNTAIN INDIAN CURRANT.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
222 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
419. DISTEGIA Raf. FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.
978. D. involucrata (Richards.) Cockerell [Lonicera involu-
crata (Richards.) Banks]. INVOLUCRED FLY-HONEY-
SUCKLE.
Common in cool, deep canons, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 340).
Also from Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) : Allen's Park; Eldora; Spen-
cer Mountain; Redrock lake; Ward (Ramaley).
QUEBEC to ALASKA; MICHIGAN to CALIFORNIA and MEX-
ICO.
Family 105. ADOXACEAE. Fritch. Moschatel family.
420. ADOXA L. MOSCHATEL.
979. A. Moschatellina L. MUSK-ROOT.
Boulder Canon (Rydberg).
ARCTIC AMERICA to WISCONSIN and COLORADO: EUROPE:
ASIA.
Order 41. CAMPANULALES.
Family 106. CUCURBITACEAE. Juss. Gourd family.
421. MICRAMPELIS Raf. BALSAM APPLE.
980. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene [Echinocystis lobata
(Michx.) T. & G.]. WILD BALSAM APPLE.
Fence-rows and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 743) .
MAINE to MONTANA; VIRGINIA to COLORADO.
Family 107. CAMPANULACEAE. Juss. Bellflower family.
422. CAMPANULA L. BELLFLOWER. HAREBELL.
BLUEBELL.
981. C. nniflora L. ARCTIC HAREBELL.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
938).
Arctic-alpine in the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.
982. C. Parryi Gray. PARRY'S HAREBELL.
Foothills and mountain slopes, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 101)^
37 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 223
Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to UTAH ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
983. C. petiolata DC. WESTERN BLUEBELL.
Abundant throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 27). Red-
rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MACKENZIE to WASHINGTON ; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
423. SPECULABJA Heist. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
984. S. perfoliata (L.) A. D C. \Legouzia perfoliata (L.)
Britton]. COMMON VENUS' s LOOKING-GLASS.
Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 56).
MAINE and ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to
ARIZONA and OREGON ; MEXICO.
985. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray [Legouzia leptocarpa (Nutt.)
Britton]. WESTERN VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels,
192).
MISSOURI to MONTANA; TEXAS to COLORADO.
Family 108. LOBELIACEAE. Dumort. Lobelia family.
424. LOBELIA L. LOBELIA.
986. L. syphilitica Ludoviciana A. D C. LOUISIANA GREAT
BLUE LOBELIA.
Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 784).
LOUISIANA and SOUTH DAKOTA to COLORADO.
Order 42. VALERIANALES.
Family 109. VALERIANACEAE. Batsch. Valerian family.
425. VALEBIANA L. VALERIAN.
987. V. ceratophylla (Hook.) Piper [V- edulis Nutt.]. ED-
IBLE VALERIAN.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 626).
IDAHO to MONTANA; COLORADO to UTAH.
224 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [372
Order 43. CARD U ALES.
Family no, AMBROSIACEAE. Reich. Ragweed family.
426. IVA L. MARSH -ELDER.
988. I. xanthiifolia (Fresen.) Nutt. BURWEED MARSH-ELDER.
Common on the plains along streams, and in waste places,
and following the larger streams several miles into the foot-
hills and mountains, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 821). Also in
Sunset Canon (Rydberg).
MICHIGAN and SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; NEBRASKA
to NEW MEXICO.
989. I. axillaris Pursh. SMALL-FLOWERED MARSH-ELDER.
Railroads and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 832).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; OKLAHOMA to CAL-
IFORNIA.
427. AMBROSIAL. RAGWEED.
990. A. trifida L. GREAT RAGWEED. HORSE-CANE.
Common along streams and in low waste places, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 378).
QUEBEC to ASSINIBOIA; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
99oa. A. trifida integrifola (Muhl.) T. & G. ENTIRE-LEAVED
RAGWEED.
With the preceding (Daniels, 596).
Range of the type?
991. A. artemisiaefolia L. COMMON RAGWEED.
Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 520).
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
992. A. psilostachya DC. WESTERN RAGWEED.
On the plains, especially along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 516). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).
MICHIGAN to SASKATCHEWAN and IDAHO; LOUISIANA to
CALIFORNIA and MEXICO.
428. GAERTNEKIA Med.
993. G. tomentosa (Nutt.) Heller [Franseria discolor Nutt.].
373 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22$
WOOLLY GAERTNERIA.
Along railroads in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 510).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEW MEXICO.
429. XANTHIUM L. COCKLEBUR.
994. X. commune Britton. COMMON COCKLEBUR.
Along streams and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
695).
QUEBEC and NEW YORK to UTAH and ARIZONA.
Family in. CARDUACEAE. Necker. Thistle family.
430. EITPATORIUM L. THOROUGHWORT.
995. E. maculatum L. SPOTTED JOE-PYE WEED.
Springy gulch at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 801).
NEW YORK to BRITISH COLUMBIA; KENTUCKY to NEW
MEXICO.
431. KTTHNIAL.
995^. K. Hitchcockii A. Nels. HITCHCOCK'S KUHNIA.
Marshall, collected by E. Bethel, (J. C. Arthur, in Mycol-
ogia, Nov., 1909, p. 233). Host of a fungus, Puccinia Kuhn-
iae Schw.
KANSAS to COLORADO.
996. K. glutinosa Ell. [K. eupatorioides corymbulosa T. & G.] .
STICKY KUHNIA.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500
ft. (Daniels, 686).
ILLINOIS to MONTANA ; KENTUCKY to COLORADO.
997. K. Gooddingii A. Nels. GOODDING'S KUHNIA.
Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 727). The type
is from West Dry Creek, Larimer County, Colorado.
COLORADO to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
432. COLEOSANTHTJS Cass. BRICKELLIA.
998. C. minor (Gray) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Brickellia grandi-
flora minor Gray; C. umbellatus Greene; C. congestus
A. Nels.]. UMBELLATE BRICKELLIA.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 5800-10000 ft.
226 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [374
(Daniels, 551). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
999. C. albicanlis Rydb. WHITE-STEMMED BRICKELLIA.
Among rocks and in rocky canons in the foothills, 6000-8500
ft. (Daniels, 822).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
433. LACINIABIA Hill. BLAZING-STAR. BUTTON-
SNAKEROOT.
loco. L. punctata (Hook.) Kuntze [Liatris punctata Hook.].
DOTTED BLAZING-STAR.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the foot-
hills and mountains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 615). Also in the
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydb.). Very varia-
ble; an extreme form, gathered in alkali flats near Boulder
lake, (Daniels, 768) simulates L. acidota (Engelm. & Gray)
Kuntze.
IOWA . to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA ; TEXAS to ARI-
ZONA.
1001. L. ligulistylis A. Nels. PURPLE-BRACTED BLAZING-STAR.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 758).
SASKATCHEWAN to COLORADO.
434. GUTIERREZIA Lag.
1002. G. longifolia Greene. LONG-LEAVED GUTIERREZIA.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
595).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
1003. G. scoparia Rydb. BROOM GUTIERREZIA.
Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 984).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
435. GRINDELIA Willd. GUM PLANT.
1004. G. Texana Scheele. TEXAN GUM PLANT.
Lower Boulder Canon (Rydberg).
TEXAS to NEW MEXICO and COLORADO.
1005. G. serrulata Rydb. SERRULATE GUM PLANT.
375] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22?
Very abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 385).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
ioo5a. G. semilata Rydb. X G. perennis A. Nels.
Plants apparently intermediate between this species and the
next were found on the plains in Boulder (Daniels, 837).
1006. G. perennis A. Nels. PERENNIAL GUM PLANT.
Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 836).
SASKATCHEWAN to IDAHO and COLORADO.
1007. G. erecta A. Nels. ERECT GUM PLANT.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1008. G. subalpina Greene. SUBALPINE GUM PLANT.
Common at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 845). Also at
Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1009. Gr. Eldorae Daniels, Nov. sp. ELDORA GUM PLANT.
Plant glabrous, apparently biennial, 3 dm. tall, branched
from, or near the base, the secondary branches 1-2 headed;
radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long,
slender-petioled, remotely toothed or incised; upper cauline
leaves, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, small and bract-like,
slightly toothed, subentire, or entire, 1-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm.
wide; heads copiously glutinous, i-i^ cm. broad; bracts num-
erous, narrow, the tips squarrose-spreading ; rays numerous,
1-3 mm. wide, barbules of the pappus plainly obvious.
Eldora, 8500-8700 ft. (Daniels, 859).
Plant near G. subalpina Greene, but differing in its smaller,
narrower and less prominently toothed or entire leaves, and
especially in its smaller heads, which are only about one-half
as broad.
436. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER.
1010. C. hirsutissima Greene. HAIRIEST GOLDEN ASTER.
Plains between Boulder and Marshall along railroad, 5400
ft. (Daniels, 1024).
22g UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES
NORTH DAKOTA to SASKATCHEWAN; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
ioioy2. C. foliosa Nutt. LEAFY GOLDEN ASTER.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; KANSAS to COLORADO.
ion. C. caudata Rydb. CAUDATE GOLDEN ASTER.
Mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, common, 5700-9000
ft. (Daniels, 356).
COLORADO.
10 1 2. C. villosa (Pursh) Nutt. VILLOUS GOLDEN ASTER.
Abundant on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
i).
MINNESOTA to IDAHO; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
1013. C. amplifolia Rydb. AMPLE-LEAVED GOLDEN ASTER.
Foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 687).
Also at Ward, and Longmont (Rydb.).
COLORADO.
1014. C. Bakeri Greene [C. incana Greene; C. compacta
Greene] . BAKER'S GOLDEN ASTER.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 862). A
plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which appears interme-
diate between this and the preceding.
MONTANA and IDAHO to NEW MEXICO.
1015. C. arida A. Nels. ARID GOLDEN ASTER.
Boulder (Rydb.).
KANSAS to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
1016. C. resinolens A. Nels. RESINOUS GOLDEN ASTER.
Plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 293).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
ioi6a. C. resinolens obtusata A. Nels. OBTUSE-LEAVED RESI-
NOUS GOLDEN ASTER.
Foot of the Flat-irons, and mountainsides at Eldora, 6000-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 809). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
Range of the type, but usually at higher altitudes.
1017. C. hispida (Hook.) Nutt. [C. villosa hispida Gray].
HlSPID GOLDEN ASTER.
377] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22Q
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 831).
SASKATCHEWAN to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
1018. C. Cooperi A. Nels. COOPER'S GOLDEN ASTER.
Long's Peak near timberline, the type locality, (A. Nels).
COLORADO.
437. CHRYSOTHAMNTIS Nutt. RABBIT-BRUSH.
1019. C. Parryi (Gray) Greene [Bigelovia Parryi Gray].
PARRY'S RABBIT-BRUSH.
Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 866).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1020. C. graveolens (Nutt.) Greene [C. nauseosus graveo-
lens (Nutt.) Piper]. HEAVY-SCENTED RABBIT-BRUSH.
Mesa south of the Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Rama-
ley).
NEBRASKA to MONTANA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
1021. C. pulcherrimus A. Nels. FAIREST RABBIT-BRUSH.
Alkali flat east of Boulder near Owen's lake, 5200-5300 ft.
(Daniels, 663).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
io2ia. C. pulcherrinms fascieulatus A. Nels. FASCICULATE
RABBIT-BRUSH.
Boulder creek, the type locality (A. Nels.).
1022. C. elegans Greene. HANDSOME RABBIT-BRUSH.
Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 867).
COLORADO.
438. SIDERANTHUS Nutt. STAR-FLOWER.
1023. S. annims Rydb. ANNUAL STAR-FLOWER.
Arapahoe Road east of Boulder, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 726).
NEBRASKA and COLORADO to TEXAS.
1024. S. spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet [Aplopappus spinulosus
(Pursh) DC.]. SPINULOSE STAR-FLOWER.
Frequent on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 473).
MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and MONTANA; TEXAS to
ARIZONA.
439. PYRROCOMA Nutt.
1025. P. crocea (Gray) Greene [A. croceus Gray]. YELLOW
230 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [378
PYRROCOMA.
Boulder (Rydb.).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
440. OREOCHRYSTJM Rydb. MOUNTAIN- GOLD.
1026. 0. Parryi (Gray) Rydb. [Aplopappus Parryi Gray].
PARRY'S MOUNTAIN GOLD.
Slopes of Green Mt. ; common in the mountains at Eldora,
ascending on Arapahoe Peak to the timberline, 7000-11000 ft.
(Daniels, 752). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydb.).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. .
441. TONESTUSA. Nels.
1027. T. pygmaeus (T. & G.) A. Nels. [Aplopappus pygmaeus
(T. & G.) Gray; Macronema pygmaeum (T. & G.)
Greene]. PYGMY TONESTUS.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 917).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
442. SOLIDAGO L. GOLDEN ROD.
1028. S. decumbens Greene [S. humilis nana Gray]. DECUM-
BENT GOLDEN ROD.
Barren ridges at Glacier lake, and above timberline on
Arapahoe Peak, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 641).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
iO28a. S. decumbens minuescens A. Nels. DWARF DECUM-
BENT GOLDEN ROD.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Range of the type.
1029. S. oreophila Rydb. [S. humilis Pattersonii Gandoger].
MOUNTAIN-LOVING GOLDEN ROD.
Abundant on the foothills and mountains, 6000-11000 ft.
(Daniels, 529). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
MACKENZIE to COLORADO.
1030. S. dilatata A. Nels. OPEN-TOPPED GOLDEN ROD.
379] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 231
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Ac-
cording to A. Nelson authentic specimens have been found
from the type locality only, Yellowstone Park.
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1031. S. pallida (Porter) Rydb. [S. speciosa pallida Porter].
PALE GOLDEN ROD.
Mesa at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 802).
Also Lower Boulder Canon (Rydberg).
NORTH DAKOTA and NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
1032. S. viscidula Rydb. VISCID GOLDEN ROD.
High mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5900-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 375).
COLORADO.
1033. S. glaberrima Martens. SMOOTHEST GOLDEN ROD.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 616).
MICHIGAN to ALBERTA and IDAHO; MISSOURI to TEXAS and
ARIZONA.
1034. S. concinna A. Nels. [S. Missouriensis extraria Gray].
STOUT MISSOURI GOLDEN ROD.
Plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 977).
ALBERTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA and COLORADO.
1035. S. Pitcher! Nutt. PITCHER'S GOLDEN ROD.
Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 505).
MINNESOTA to WASHINGTON ; ARKANSAS to COLORADO.
1036. S. polyphylla Rydb. MANY-LEAVED GOLDEN ROD.
Along streams in the foothills, especially frequent in Greg-
ory Canon, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 823).
BRITISH COLUMBIA and WASHINGTON to NEW MEXICO.
1037. S. Canadensis L. COMMON GOLDEN ROD.
Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 557).
LABRADOR to MACKENZIE; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
1038. S. gilvocanescens Rydb. [S. Canadensis gilvocanescens
Rydb.]. YELLOWISH-GRAY GOLDEN ROD.
232 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [380
Alkali flats and dry plains about Boulder lake and Owen's
lake, 5100-5300 ft. (Daniels, 782).
MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
1039. S. nana Nutt. DWARF GOLDEN ROD.
Dry slopes of Green Mountain, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 825).
An allied form occurs on the plains.
MONTANA to COLORADO and ARIZONA.
1040. S. pulcherrima A. Nels. PRETTIEST GOLDEN ROD.
Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 983). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
MINNESOTA to NORTH DAKOTA; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
1041. S. radulina Rydb. HARSH-LEAVED GOLDEN ROD.
Plains, mesas, foothills and mountains, frequent, 5600-8000
ft. (Daniels, 753). Also at Meadow Park (Rydberg).
COLORADO to UTAH.
1042. S. trinervata Greene. THREE-NERVED GOLDEN ROD.
Boulder Canon, ascending at least as far as the Falls, 5500-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 553).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
1043. S. mollis Bartl. [S. nemoralis incana Gray]. HOARY
GOLDEN ROD.
Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, and foothills along Boulder
Canon, 5500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 574).
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to COLORADO.
443. OUGONETTRON Small.
1044. 0. canescens Rydb. [Solidago rigida humilis Porter].
HOARY STIFF GOLDEN ROD.
Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 781).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
444. TOWNSENDIA Hook.
1045. T. grandiflora Nutt. LARGE-FLOWERED TOWNSENDIA.
Common in rough hilly places throughout, 5100-8600 ft.
(Daniels, 41).
38lJ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 233
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; OKLAHOMA to COLORADO.
1046. T. exscapa (Richardson) Porter [T. sericea Hook.].
SILKY TOWNSENDIA.
Common at Boulder (Cockerell).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
445. EUCEPHALUS Nutt.
1047. E- Engelmannii (Gray) Greene [Aster Engelmannii
Gray]. ENGELMANN'S ASTER.
In canons about Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 841).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHING-
TON.
1048. E. glaucus Nutt. [Aster glaucus (Nutt.) T. & G.].
GLAUCOUS ASTER.
Hills adjoining Boulder Canon, and on the slopes of Green
Mountain, local, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 569). Also moun-
tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
446. ASTER L. STARWORT.
1049. A- Underwoodii Rydb. UNDERWOOD'S ASTER.
Canons and mountain sides at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1025). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1050. A. Nelsonii Greene. NELSON'S ASTER.
Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 861).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1051. A. violaceus Greene. VIOLET ASTER.
Canons at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 554).
COLORADO.
1052. A. exiguus (Fern.) Rydb. [A. ciliatus Muhl.] CILIATE
ASTER.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 999). Also in Sunset Canon (Rydb.).
VERMONT to WASHINGTON ; PENNSYLVANIA to ARIZONA and
MEXICO.
234 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [382
1053. A. crassulus Rydb. THICKISH. ASTER.
Sunset Canon; common on the plains, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 720).
NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA. (?)
1054. A. polycephalus Rydb. MANY-HEADED ASTER.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1000).
ALBERTA to NEBRASKA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
1055. A. commutatus Gray [A. incanopilosus (Lindl.) Shel-
don]. WHITE PRAIRIE ASTER.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 717).
MINNESOTA to WYOMING; KANSAS to NEVADA.
1056. A. laevis L. SMOOTH ASTER.
Canons and wooded slopes on the foothills, 5800-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 685).
ONTARIO to SASKATCHEWAN; LOUISIANA to NEW MEXICO.
1057. A. Porteri Gray. PORTER'S ASTER.
Abundant throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 697). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Very va-
riable; an extreme form, only i-i^dm., high, was col-
lected on bare ridges at Glacier lake.
COLORADO.
1058. A laetevirens Greene. LIGHT-GREEN-LEAVED ASTER.
Canons at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 858).
COLORADO and WYOMING.
1059. A. coerulescens DC. [A. salicifolius coerulescens (DC.)
Gray]. CAERULEAN ASTER.
Swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 995).
WYOMING to TEXAS.
1060. A. Osterhoutii Rydb. OSTERHOUT'S ASTER.
About lakes and swales and along ditches in the plains,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 779).
COLORADO.
383] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 235
1061. A. adscendens Lindl. ASCENDING ASTER.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to COLORADO and NEVADA.
1062. A. Andrews!! A. Nels. ANDREWS'S ASTER.
Near Eldora, 9500 ft., the type locality (Nelson).
COLORADO.
1063. A. Eaton!! (Gray) Howell [A. foliaceus Eatonii Gray;
Brachyactis hybrida Greene] . EATON'S ASTER.
Banks of Boulder creek, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 592).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
447. MACHAERANTHERA Nees.
1064. M. Bigelovii (Gray) Greene [Aster Bigelovii Gray],
BlGELOW's ASTER.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
724).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
1064^2. M. varians Greene. VARYING ASTER.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
1065. M. coronopifolia (Nutt.) A. Nels. WART-CRESS-LEAVED
ASTER.
Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 1026).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
1066. M. aspera Greene. HARSH ASTER.
High slopes of Green Mountain, 7500-8100 ft. (Daniels,
209). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO.
1067. M. Patterson!! (Gray) Greene [Aster Patter sonii Gray].
PATTERSON'S ASTER.
Caribou (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
448. ERIGERON L. FLEABANE.
1068. E. lonchophyllus Hook. LANCE-LEAVED FLEABANE.
236 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [384
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 856).
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
1069. E. minor (Hook.) Rydb. SMALLER FLEABANE.
Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 1027).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
1070. E. jucundus Greene [E. acris debilis Gray; E. debilis
Rydb.]. PLEASANT FLEABANE.
Massif de T Arapahoe, and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd-
berg).
HUDSON BAY to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to UTAH.
1071. E. pinnatisectus (Gray) A. Nels. [E. compositus pin-
natisectus Gray] . PINNATE FLEABANE.
South of Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1072. E. compositus Pursh. COMPOSITE FLEABANE.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Long's
Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
MONTANA to YUKON; COLORADO to WASHINGTON.
1073. E. multifidus Rydb. MULTIFID FLEABANE.
Ridges at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 307). Also
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf Moun-
tain (Cockerell).
ASSINIBOIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1074. E. trifidus Hook. [E. compositus trifidus (Hook.)
Gray]. THREE-PARTED FLEABANE.
Mountains about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 757).
ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO.
1075. E. melanocephalus A. Nels. [E. oreocharis Greene].
BLACK-HEADED FLEABANE.
Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000
ft. (Daniels, 898). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1076. E. simplex Greene [E. unif torus Auct.]. SIMPLE
FLEABANE.
Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000
385] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 237
ft. (Daniels, 1008).
LABRADOR and ARCTIC AMERICA to ALASKA; COLORADO to
CALIFORNIA : EUROPE.
1077. E. leucotrichus Rydb. WHITE-HAIRED FLEABANE.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
875). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Probably to be united
with the preceding, of which it seems but a larger form.
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1078. E. glandulosus Porter. GLANDULAR FLEABANE.
High and bare ridges above Sunset between Sugarloaf
Mountain and Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 642).
Also Boulder Canon (Porter and Coulter).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1078^. E. pumilus Nutt. SMALL FLEABANE.
St. Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON; KANSAS to UTAH.
1079. E. salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray. BROAD-RAYED
FLEABANE.
Along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe Peak above timberline,
9000-1200 ft. (Daniels, 873). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. Ramaley
& Robbins).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
io79a. E. salsuginosus glacialis (Nutt.) Gray. ICE FLEABANE.
At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Rama-
ley and Robbins).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
1080. E. superbus Greene. SUPERB FLEABANE.
Rich slopes of Green Mountain, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels,
973). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO.
1081. E. salicinus Rydb. WILLOW FLEABANE.
Boulder Canon on the hill slopes, 5700 ft. (Daniels, 288).
COLORADO.
238 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [386
1082. E. macranthus Nutt. LARGE-FLOWERED FLEABANE.
Common in the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 472). Also at Sunset, and from Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO and UTAH to
OREGON.
io82a. E. macranthus minis A. Nelson. WONDERFUL FLEA-
BANE.
Boulder County, the type locality (Nelson).
1083. E. speciosus D C. SHOWY FLEABANE.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO and UTAH to
OREGON.
1084. E. subtrinervis Rydb. THREE-NERVED FLEABANE.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 646).
SOUTH DAKOTA and WYOMING to NEW MEXICO.
1085. E. eximius Greene. CHOICE FLEABANE.
Boulder Canon above the Falls and on mountainsides at
Eldora, 7000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 860). Also from Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1086. E. Smithii Rydb. SMITH'S FLEABANE.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 865).
COLORADO.
1087. E. ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. [E. strigosus Muhl.].
COMMON FLEABANE.
Fields and waste places on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
NOVA SCOTIA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; FLORIDA to CALI-
FORNIA.
1088. E. Bellidastmm Nutt. DAISY FLEABANE.
Mesas at foot of Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 691).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING ; KANSAS to ARIZONA.
1089. E- divergens T. & G. DIVERGENT FLEABANE.
387] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 239
Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 435).
NEBRASKA to WASHINGTON; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
1090. E. flagellaris Gray [E. stolonifer Greene]. STOLON-
IFEROUS FLEABANE.
Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 3).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
448%. WYOMINGIA A. Nels. MOUNTAIN DAISY.
1091. W. cana (Gray). A. Nels. [Erigeron canus Gray].
HOARY MOUNTAIN DAISY.
Sunset Canon (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; NEBRASKA to NEW MEXICO.
449. LEPTILONRaf. HORSEWEED.
1092. L. Canadense (L.) Britton [Erigeron Canadensis L.].
COMMON HORSEWEED.
Fields and waste places, common, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
585).
NORTH AMERICA, thence spreading throughout the world.
io92a. L. Canadense pusillum (Nutt.) Daniels. Nov. comb.
[Erigeron pusillus Nutt.]. DWARF HORSEWEED.
The common form of the foothills, y2-i dm. high, and but
few-flowered, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 694).
450. ANTENNAEIA Gaertn. EVERLASTING. CAT'S-
FOOT.
1093. A. media Greene. MEDIUM CAT'S-FOOT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1005).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1094. A. umbrinella Rydb. UMBER CAT'S-FOOT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
932).
MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO.
1095. A. concinna E. Nels.
240 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [388
Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 304).
COLORADO to UTAH.
1096. A. rosea (D. C. Eaton) Greene. ROSY CAT'S-FOOT.
Common throughout the foothills and mountains, and de-
scending to the mesas and plains along gulches, 5700-9000 ft.
(Daniels, 775). Also North Boulder Peak and from Eldora
to Baltimore (Rydberg).
ALBERTA to YUKON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1097. A. imbricate, E. Nels. IMBRICATE CAT'S-FOOT.
At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,
934).
MONTANA to COLORADO and UTAH.
1098. A, corymbosa A. Nels. [A. nardina Greene]. CORYM-
BED CAT'S-FOOT.
Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 305).
MONTANA and OREGON to COLORADO.
1099. A. parvifolia Nutt. [A. formosa Greene; A. microphylla
Rydb.]. SMALL-LEAVED CAT'S-FOOT.
Common on barren knolls throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 702).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEBRASKA to NEW
MEXICO.
noo. A. oxyphylla Greene. SHARP-LEAVED CAT'S-FOOT.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5700-10000
ft. (Daniels, 115).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
noi. A. aprica Greene. SUNNY CAT'S-FOOT.
Mountains at Ward, a dwarf form, 4 cm. high, 9000-9300 ft.
(Daniels, 1028). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Piper,
however, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11, 605, makes this species
identical with A. parvifolia Nutt.
SOUTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA; NEW MEXICO to UTAH.
1 102. A. marginata Greene. MARGINATE CAT'S-FOOT.
Foothills along Boulder Canon, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels,
1029). The plants have leaves glabrous and bright green
389] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 24!
above.
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
1103. A. pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene [A. Carpathica pul-
cherrima Hook.]. FAIREST CAT'S-FOOT.
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
SASKATCHEWAN and YUKON to WASHINGTON and COLO-
RADO.
1104. A. anaphaloides Rydb. FALSE PEARLY EVERLASTING.
Massif de V Arapahoe (Rydberg).
MONTANA and OREGON to CALIFORNIA.
451. ANAPHALIS D C. PEARLY EVERLASTING.
1105. A. subalpina (Gray) Rydb. [A. margaritacea subalpina
Gray]. SUBALPINE PEARLY EVERLASTING.
Common throughout the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 552). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CAL-
IFORNIA.
452. GNAPHAHTIM L. CUDWEED.
1106. G. Wrightii Gray. WRIGHT'S CUDWEED.
Boulder Canon near Falls, 7400 ft. (Daniels, 1030). Also
Meadow Park and at Lyons (Rydberg).
COLORADO and NEW MEXICO to CALIFORNIA and MEXICO.
1107. G. sulphurescens Rydb. SULPHURESCENT CUDWEED.
Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to WASHINGTON ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
1108. G. palustre Nutt. MARSH CUDWEED.
Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 711).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
453. GYMNOLOMIA H. B. K.
1109. G. multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H. MANY-FLOWERED GYM-
NOLOMIA.
Boulder Canon near the Falls, at Eldora, and in Sunset
Canon, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 565). Also between Sunshine
242 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [390
and Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to NEVADA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
454. RUDBECKIA L. CONE-FLOWER.
1 1 10. R. flava Moore. YELLOW CONE-FLOWER.
On the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 428).
NORTH DAKOTA and WYOMING to COLORADO.
mi. R. laciniata L. GRAY-HEADED CONE-FLOWER.
GOLDEN GLOW.
Common along streams, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 561).
QUEBEC to IDAHO; FLORIDA to ARIZONA.
455. RATIBIDARaf.
1 1 12. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don [Lepachys columnaris
(Sims) T. & G.]. LONG-HEADED CONE-FLOWER.
Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
21).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TENNESSEE to
TEXAS, ARIZONA and MEXICO.
ni2a. R. columnaris pulcherrima (D C.) D. Don. BROWN
LONG-HEADED CONE-FLOWER.
With the type but much less frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 201).
Range of the type.
456. WYETHIA Nutt.
1113. W. amplexicaulis Nutt. CLASPING-LEAVED WYETHIA.
Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to NEVADA.
457. HEUANTHUS L. SUNFLOWER.
1114. H. lenticularis Dougl. COMMON SUNFLOWER.
Plains, mesas and lower foothills, especially in denuded
soils, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 400).
NORTH DAKOTA to IDAHO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
ni4a. H. lenticularis coronatus Cockerell. RED-STREAKED
SUNFLOWER.
Found by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell near her home in Boulder.
39 Zl FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 243
1115. H. petiolaris Nutt. PETIOLED SUNFLOWER.
Common in waste places and denuded soils throughout ex-
cept in the alpine region, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 67). Also
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MINNESOTA and SASKATCHEWAN to OREGON ; TEXAS to CAL-
IFORNIA.
11153. H. petiolaris phenax Cockerell.
Boulder, the type locality (Cockerell).
1116. H. subrhomboideus Rydb. SUBRHOMBOID SUNFLOWER.
Locally frequent on the mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 656).
MANITOBA to MONTANA; NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
1117. H. pumilus Nutt. DWARF SUNFLOWER.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft.
(Daniels, 59).
WYOMING and COLORADO.
1118. H. grosse-serratus Martens. COARSELY TOOTHED SUN-
FLOWER.
Lowlands and stream-flats in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 670).
NEW YORK to WYOMING; PENNSYLVANIA to TEXAS and
COLORADO.
1119. H. fascicularia Greene [H. giganteus Utahensis D. C.
Eaton; H. Utahensis A. Nelson]. UTAH SUNFLOWER.
Boulder (Rydberg).
ASSINIBOIA to ALBERTA ; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
458. HELIANTHELLA T. & G.
1 1 20. H. quinquenervis Gray. FIVE-RIBBED FALSE SUNFLOWER.
In canons and on rich mountain slopes at Eldora and along
the Arapahoe Trail, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 843). Also El-
dora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO.
459. VERBESINA L. CROWNBEARD.
1121. V. exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Cockerell [Verbesina
244 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394
encelioides exauriculata Rob. & Greenm. ; Xlmenesia
exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb.]. WESTERN
CROWNBEARD.
Boulder (Rydberg). In great abundance near Lafayette
(Cockerell).
MONTANA to TEXAS and ARIZONA.
460. BIDENS L. BUR-MARIGOLD.
1 122. B. vulgata Greene. COMMON STICKTIGHTS.
Along ditches and in low grounds, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels,
788).
ONTARIO to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; NORTH CAROLINA to CALI-
FORNIA.
1123. B .glaucesens Greene. GLAUCESCENT BUR-MARIGOLD.
Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 667). Hardly glaucescent as it occurs about Boulder.
SASKATCHEWAN to MONTANA; KANSAS to COLORADO.
1123^. B. tenuisecta Gray. WESTERN SPANISH NEEDLES.
Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).
COLORADO to IDAHO ; TEXAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
461. THELESPERMA Less.
1124. T. gracile Gray. SLENDER THELESPERMA.
Common on the plains and mesas, and occurring also on the
open mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 233). Also
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO; MISSOURI and TEXAS to ARIZONA.
462. PICRADENIOPSIS Rydb.
1125. P. oppositifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Bahia oppositifolia
Nutt.]. OPPOSITE-LEAVED BAHIA.
Boulder (Rydberg).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
463. BAHIA Lag.
1126. B. dissecta (Gray) Britton [B. chrysanthemoides Gray].
FINE-LEAVED BAHIA.
Infrequent along canons, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 719). Also
393] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 245
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
464. TETRANETTRIS Greene.
1127. T. lanigera Daniels, Nov. nom. [Actinella lanata Nutt,
1841; not Pursh, 1814; Tetraneuris lanata (Nutt.)
Greene]. WOOLLY ACTINELLA.
Barren ridges between Sunset and Glacier lake, 7000-9000
ft. (Daniels, 643), Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley and
Robbins). Pursh's A. lanata equals Eriophyllum lanatum
(Pursh) Forbes, a plant of the Pacific coast, hence a new
name is necessary for Nuttall's plant. If Actinea Juss. should
replace Tetraneuris Greene (as the new Gray's Manual main-
tains ), our plant becomes Actinea lanigera Daniels.
WYOMING and COLORADO.
465. RYDBERGIA Greene.
1128. R. grandiflora (T. & G.) Greene [Actinella grandiflora
T. & G.]. LARGE-FLOWERED RYDBERGIA.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-13500 ft. (Daniels,
878). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
MONTANA to NEW MEXICO and CALIFORNIA.
466. HELENITIM L. SNEEZEWEED.
1129. H. montamim Nutt. MOUNTAIN SNEEZEWEED.
Along ditches and streams in the plains east of Boulder,
5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 780).
MINNESOTA and SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; MISSISS-
IPPI to COLORADO.
467. GAILLARDIA Foug.
1130. G. aristata Pursh. AWNED GAILLARDIA.
Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 37).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to ORE-
GON.
468. BOEBERA Willd.
246 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394
1131. B. papposa (Vent.) Rydb. \Dysodia chrysanthemoides
Lag.]. FETID MARIGOLD.
Roadsides, waste places and sandy stream flats, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 594). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).
OHIO to MONTANA; ARKANSAS to ARIZONA and MEXICO.
469. ANTHEMIS L. MAYWEED.
1132. A. Cotula L. COMMON MAYWEED.
Yards and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 593).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
470. ACHILLEA L. YARROW.
1133. A. lanulosa Nutt. [A. Mille folium lanulosa (Nutt.)
Piper]. WOOLLY YARROW.
Open grounds throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 360).
Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
ONTARIO to YUKON; OKLAHOMA to CALIFORNIA and MEX-
ICO.
470i/2. CHEYSANTHEMTIM L. OXEYE DAISY.
1133^2. C. Leucantheimun L. COMMON OXEYE DAISY.
Bluebird Mine, in quantity, 1910 (Miss Pearl Turner).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
471. ARTEMISIA L. WORMWOOD. SAGE-BRUSH. MUG-
WORT.
1134. A. dracunculoides Pursh. PRAIRIE MUGWORT.
Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 833).
MONTANA to IDAHO ; TEXAS to CALIFORNIA.
1135. A. Scouleriana (Besser) Rydb. [A. desertorum Scou-
leriana Besser]. SCOULER'S SAGE.
Gregory Canon and adjacent mesas and foothills, 5600-8000
ft. (Daniels, 612).
BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO.
1136. A. Forwoodii S. Wats. FORWOOD'S SAGE.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft.
(Daniels, 992).
395] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 247
ASSINIBOIA to MONTANA and NEW MEXICO.
1137. A. spithamaea Pursh. ALPINE MUGWORT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12500 ft. (Daniels,
920).
LABRADOR to ALASKA and COLORADO.
1138. A. frigida Willd. BARRENS SAGE.
Common in dry open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 451).
HUDSON BAY to ALASKA ; TEXAS to UTAH.
1139. A. scopulorum Gray. P.OCKY MOUNTAIN SAGE.
Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
1140. A. biennis Willd. BIENNIAL WORMWOOD.
Boulder Canon at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 846).
ISJovA SCOTIA to MACKENZIE ; PENNSYLVANIA to CALIFORNIA.
1141. A. saxicola Rydb. [A. Chamissoniana saxatilis Besser].
ROCK SAGE.
Long's Peak (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1142. A. silvicola Osterh. SYLVAN SAGE.
Subalpine slopes and valleys at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels,
996).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO.
1143. A. gnaphalodes Nutt. CUDWEED SAGE.
Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and lower moun-
tain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 755). The original spell-
ing of the specific name is as above, though the word should
have been gnaphalioides.
NORTH DAKOTA to WYOMING; ARKANSAS to COLORADO;
naturalized eastward to NEW YORK and ONTARIO.
1144. A. Brittonii Rydb. BRITTON'S SAGE.
Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 967).
COLORADO to UTAH.
1145. A. diversifolia Rydb. DIVERSE-LEAVED SAGE.
Valleys in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 966).
248 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [396
IDAHO to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHINGTON.
1146. A. tridentata Nutt. COMMON SAGE-BRUSH.
Barren mountain slopes near Bluebird Mine, between
Glacier lake and Eldora, 8500-9500 ft. (Daniels).
NEBRASKA and MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO
to CALIFORNIA.
472. PETASITES Tourn. SWEET COLTSFOOT.
1147. P. sagittata (Pursh) Gray. ARROW-LEAVED SWEET
COLTSFOOT.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Eldora lake, May, 1910
(W. W. Robbins).
LABRADOR to ALASKA; MINNESOTA to COLORADO.
473. ARNICA L. ARNICA.
1148. A. platyphylla A. Nels. BROAD-LEAVED ARNICA.
Arapahoe Trail just below timberline on Arapahoe Peak,
9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 948).
MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO.
1149. A. pumila Rydb. [A. parvifolia Greene]. DWARF AR-
NICA.
Gregory Canon, 6600 ft. (Daniels, 903).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
1150. A. cordifolia Hook. HEART-LEAVED ARNICA.
In the wooded region throughout, 6000-11000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 270). Also Eldora to Baltimore; between Sunshine and
Ward; and Massif de T Arapahoe (Rydberg).
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1151. A. Rydbergii Greene. RYDBERG' s ARNICA.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
1152. A. subplumosa Greene [A. Chamissonis longinodosa A.
Nels.]. SUBPLUMOSE ARNICA.
Boulder Canon above the Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 537).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
1153. A. pedunculata Rydb. PEDUNCLED ARNICA.
Under pines in the mesas south of the Chautauqua grounds,
397] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 249
5800-6000 ft. (Daniels, 176). Gulch south of Boulder (Ryd-
berg).
NORTH DAKOTA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1 153^. A. monocephala. Rydb. SINGLE-HEADED ARNICA.
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
MONTANA and IDAHO to COLORADO.
1154. A. Parryi Gray [A. eradiata (Gray) Heller]. PARRY'S
ARNICA.
Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence
well toward Eldora, 9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 946). Also at
Caribou ( Rydberg) .
MONTANA to BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLORADO to WASHING-
TON.
474. SENECIO L. GROUNDSEL.
1155. S. scopulinus Greene [S. Bigelovii Hallii Gray]. HALL'S
GROUNDSEL.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 624).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1156. S. chloranthus Greene. GREEN-FLOWERED GROUNDSEL.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 990).
COLORADO.
1157. S. pudicus Greene. BASHFUL GROUNDSEL.
Along Boulder Canon, and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 547). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1158. S. carthamoides Greene. ALPINE GROUNDSEL.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,
943).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1159. S. blitoides Greene. ELITE GROUNDSEL.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1006).
COLORADO.
1160. S. triangularis Hook. TRIANGULAR-LEAVED GROUNDSEL.
Common in subalpine bogs and along stream banks at El-
250 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [398
dora, and ascending to timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 8600-11000
ft. (Daniels, 635). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
ALBERTA to ALASKA; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1161. S. admirabilis Greene. ADMIRABLE GROUNDSEL.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 650).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1162. S. lapathifolium Greene. LAPATH US-LEAVED GROUND-
SEL.
High slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 315).
COLORADO.
1163. S. crassulus Gray. THICKISH GROUNDSEL.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,
945). Also at Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
MONTANA to IDAHO ; COLORADO to UTAH.
1164. S. rapifolius Nutt. TURNIP-LEAVED GROUNDSEL.
Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 543).
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO and COLORADO.
1165. S. hydrophilus Nutt. WATER-LOVING GROUNDSEL.
Alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 319).
MONTANA to COLORADO and NEVADA.
1166. S, Hookeri Gray. HOOKER'S GROUNDSEL.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
ALBERTA and BRITISH COLUMBIA to COLORADO.
1166^2. S. Columbianus Greene. COLUMBIAN GROUNDSEL.
Middle Boulder Canon 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
This is, in part at least, the S. lugens Parryi Eaton of Porter
& Coulter.
SASKATCHEWAN to ALASKA; MINNESOTA to COLORADO.
1167. S. perplexus A. Nels. PERPLEXING GROUNDSEL.
North slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 148). Plant
too old, the basal leaves gone, perhaps 5\ dispar A. Nels.
399] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 251
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). Middle Boul-
der Canon (Porter & Coulter in Wabash College Herb.)-
Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING and IDAHO to COLORADO.
1 1 68. S. atratus Greene [S. lug ens foliosus Gray]. LEAFY
GROUNDSEL.
Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence
to Eldora, 8600-10500 ft. (Daniels, 947). Also at Ward; be-
tween Sunshine and Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd-
berg).
COLORADO.
1169. S. Purshianus Nutt. PURSH'S GROUNDSEL.
Redrock lake 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
SASKATCHEWAN to BRITISH COLUMBIA; TEXAS to UTAH.
1170. S. Harbourii Rydb. HARBOUR'S GROUNDSEL.
Mountains south of Ward, the type locality, and between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1171. S. Plattensis Nutt. PLATTE RAGWORT.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
36).
ONTARIO to SOUTH DAKOTA; MISSOURI and TEXAS to COLO-
RADO.
1172. S. salicinus Rydb. WILLOW RAGWORT.
Foothills about Boulder, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 1031).
COLORADO.
1173. S. Nelsonii Rydb. [S. rosulatus Rydb.]. NELSON'S RAG-
WORT.
Exceedingly abundant throughout, and occurring in a maze
of forms so confluent that any segregation seems impossi-
ble, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 210). Also at Caribou; and be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1174. S. Fendleri Gray. FENDLER'S RAGWORT.
252 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [400
Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels,
10).
COLORADO to UTAH and NEW MEXICO.
1175. S. lanatifolius Osterh. [S. Fendleri lanatus Osterh.].
WOOLLY-LEAVED RAGWORT.
Barren ridges, Glacier lake to Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 218). Basal leaves very crisp.
COLORADO.
1176. S. Balsamitae Muhl. [S. aureus Balsamitae (Muhl.)
T. & G. ; vS1. flavulus Greene ; S. flavovirens Rydb. in part] .
NARROW-LEAVED GOLDEN SQUAW-WEED.
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
QUEBEC to MARYLAND northwestward across the continent.
1177. S. longipetiolatns Rydb. LONG-PETIOLED RAGWORT.
Plains at Boulder, uncommon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 61).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1178. S. crocatus Rydb. [S. aureus croceus Gray; ,S. dimor-
phophyllus Greene; S. heterodoxus Greene]. SAFFRON
RAGWORT.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, and at Eldora, 8600-12000
ft. (Daniels, 870). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
1179. S. cymbalariodes Nutt. [S. aureus borealis T. & G.
NORTHERN GOLDEN RAGWORT.
Subalpine meadows at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 705).
MACKENZIE to COLORADO and UTAH.
1 1 80. S. pseudaureus Rydb. FALSE GOLDEN RAGWORT.
Long's Peak (Rydberg).
MACKENZIE to BRITISH COLUMBIA; NEW MEXICO to NE-
VADA.
1180%. S. mutabilis Greene [S. aurellus Rydb.]. MUTABLE
RAGWORT.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
COLORADO.
1181. S. ambrosioides Rydb. RAGWEEDLIKE GROUNDSEL.
4Ol] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 253
Common in the mountainous region, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 629). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
NORTH DAKOTA to MONTANA ; NEW MEXICO to ARIZONA.
1182. S. Riddellii T. & G. [S. fihfolius Fremontii T. & G.].
RIDDELL'S GROUNDSEL.
Frequent on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 481).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO ; TEXAS to NEW MEXICO.
1183. S. multicapitatus Rydb. MANY-HEADED GROUNDSEL.
Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 401).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
1184. S. spartioides T. & G. BROOM-LIKE GROUNDSEL.
Along Boulder Canon road, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 804). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA to WYOMING; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
475. CIRSITIM Hill. THISTLE.
1185. C. Parry! (Gray), Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cnicus Par-
ryi Gray; Carduus Parryi (Gray) Greene]. PARRY'S
THISTLE.
Boulder (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEW MEXICO and UTAH.
1186. C. scopnlorum (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni-
cus eriocephalus Gray; Carduus scopulorum Greene].
CRAG THISTLE.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
887). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1187. C. griseum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
griseus Rydb.]. GRAY THISTLE.
Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO.
1188. C. Amerieamim (Gray), Daniels. Nov. comb. [Cnicus
Americanus Gray; Carduus Centaureae Rydb.; Cirsium
254 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [402
Centaur eae (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb.]. KNAPWEED
THISTLE.
Common in the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 442). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
ii88a. C. Americamun (Gray), Daniels. C. griseum (Rydb.)
Cockerell.
Ward (Rydberg).
1188^. C. acaulescens (Gray) Daniels; Nov. comb. C.
Americanum (Gray) Daniels.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).
1189. C. erosum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
erosus Rydb.] . EROSE-BRACTED THISTLE.
Boulder Canon, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 1032). Bracts
merely erose, otherwise like the preceding.
COLORADO.
1190. C. Coloradense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
Color adensis Rydb.]. COLORADO THISTLE.
Subalpine valley at Eldora, and frequent along the Arapahoe
Trail, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 855).
COLORADO.
1191. C. Plattense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
Plattensis Rydb.]. PLATTE THISTLE.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 63).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO.
1192. C. undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. [Cnicus undulatus
(Nutt.) Gray; Carduus undulatus Nutt.].
Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 673).
MICHIGAN to ASSINIBOIA and MONTANA; TEXAS to UTAH.
1193. C. megacephalum (Nutt.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni-
cus undulatus megacephalus (Nutt.) Gray; Carduus mega-
cephalus Nutt.] . LARGE-HEADED THISTLE.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 986).
403] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 255
SOUTH DAKOTA to IDAHO; MISSOURI to TEXAS and COLO-
RADO.
1194. C. ochrocentrmn Gray [Cnicus ochrocentrus Gray;
Carduus ochrocentrus (Gray) Greene]. YELLOW-SPINED
THISTLE.
Plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 1033).
NEBRASKA to COLORADO; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
476. CENTAUREA L. STAR THISTLE.
1195. C. Cyanus L. BLUEBOTTLE. CORNFLOWER. BACHELOR'S
BUTTON.
Escaped into roadsides and streets about Boulder, 5300-5600
ft. (Daniels, 140).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
Family 112. CICHORIACEAE. Reich. Chicory family.
477. PTILOB1A Raf .
1196. P. ramosa Rydb. BRANCHING PTILORIA.
Boulder (Rydberg).
NEBRASKA and MONTANA to COLORADO.
1197. P. pauciflora (Torr.) Raf. [Stephanomeria runcinata
Nutt.]. FEW-FLOWERED PTILORIA.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 475). Also
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
COLORADO to NEVADA ; TEXAS to ARIZONA.
478. TEAGOPOGONL. SALSIFY.
1198. T. pratensis L. YELLOW GOAT'S-BEARD.
Boulder Canon road and about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 559).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
1199. T. porrifolius L. SALSIFY. OYSTER PLANT.
Common about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 17).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
ii99a. T. porrifolius L. X T. pratensis L.
Aurora St., Boulder (Cockerell).
256 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [404
479. CICHORIUM L. CHICORY.
1200. C. Intybus L. COMMON CHICORY.
Along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1034).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
480. LYGODESMIA D. Don.
1201. L. grandiflora T. & G. LARGE-FLOWERED LYGODESMIA.
Roadside at entrance to Boulder Canon and along the streets
in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 166).
WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to ARIZONA.
1201^2. L. juncea (Pursh) D. Don. RUSH-LIKE LYGODESMIA.
Common about Boulder (Ramaley).
MINNESOTA to SASKATCHEWAN and ALBERTA; MISSOURI to
NEW MEXICO.
481. CEEPIS L. HAWK'S-BEARD.
1202. C. petiolata Rydb. PETIOLED HAWK'S-BEARD.
Gregory Canon, and aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 6800-9000
ft. (Daniels, 351). Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Rob-
bins).
WYOMING and COLORADO.
1202^. C. glaucella Rydb. GLAUCESCENT HAWK'S-BEARD.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
1202)4. S. perplexa Rydb. PERPLEXING HAWK'S-BEARD.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
NORTH DAKOTA and ALBERTA to NEBRASKA and COLORADO.
1203. C. runcinata (James) T. & G. RUNCINATE HAWK'S-
BEARD.
Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell).
NORTH DAKOTA and ALBERTA to COLORADO.
1204. C. denticulata Rydb. TOOTHED HAWK'S-BEARD.
Aspen bog at Glacier lake, 3500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 706).
WYOMING to COLORADO and UTAH.
405] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 257
1205. C. angustata Rydb. NARROW-LEAVED HAWK'S-BEARD.
North slope of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon, 6000 ft.
(Daniels, 147).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON; COLORADO to OREGON.
1206. C. occidentalis Nutt. WESTERN HAWK'S-BEARD.
Boulder (Rydberg).
MONTANA to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1207. C. alpicola (Rydb.) A. Nels. ALPINE HAWK'S-BEARD
Long's Peak, nooo ft., the type locality (Nelson).
ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
482. HIEBACIUM L. HAWKWEED.
1208. H. gracile Hook. SLENDER HAWKWEED.
At and above timberline under dwarfed spruce, Arapahoe
Peak, Colo., 10000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 871). Also at Caribou
(Rydberg).
MONTANA and ALASKA to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
1209. H. albiflomm Hook. WHITE-FLOWERED HAWKWEED.
Wooded banks, Bear Canon, and other deep canons in the
foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 750). Also mountains be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
YUKON to COLORADO and CALIFORNIA.
12 10. H. Fendleri Schultz Bip. FENDLER'S HAWKWEED.
Under pines, east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 215).
SOUTH DAKOTA to NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA.
482i/2. NOTHOCALAIS Greene.
1210^. N. cuspidata (Pursh) Greene \Trox\mon cuspidatum
Pursh]. CUSPIDATE TROXIMON.
St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
ILLINOIS to SOUTH DAKOTA ; MISSOURI to COLORADO.
483. AGOSEKIS Raf.
121 1. A. agrestis Osterh. FIELD AGOSERIS.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1035).
COLORADO
258 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [406
12 12. A. Leontodon Rydb. DANDELION AGOSERIS.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 991).
SOUTH DAKOTA to MONTANA, COLORADO to ARIZONA.
1213. A. glauca (Nutt.) Greene [Troximon glaucum Nutt.].
GLAUCOUS AGOSERIS.
Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 20).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; COLORADO to UTAH.
1214. A. parviflora (Nutt.) Dietr. [Troximon glaucum parri-
florum (Nutt.) Gray]. SMALL-FLOWERED AGOSERIS.
Frequent about Boulder, and in meadows and grassy bogs at
Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 622).
NORTH DAKOTA to ALBERTA and COLORADO.
1215. A. laciniata (Nutt.) Greene [Stylosanthus laciniatus
Nutt.]. CUT-LEAVED AGOSERIS.
Boulder (Rydberg).
WYOMING to IDAHO; COLORADO to CALIFORNIA.
1216. A. humilis Rydb. Low AGOSERIS.
Bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 633).
WYOMING to COLORADO.
12-17. A. rostrata Rydb. BEAKED AGOSERIS.
Abundant on the mesas and foothills, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels,
232). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg). A plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which bore
two heads of flowers.
COLORADO.
484. TARAXACUM Hall. DANDELION.
1218. T. Taraxacum (L.) Karst. [T. offidnale Weber]. COM-
MON DANDELION.
Common in fields and along roadsides, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 261). Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
i2iST/2. T. montanum Nutt. MOUNTAIN DANDELION.
Redrock lake, 10100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
MONTANA to COLORADO.
485. LACTTTCA L. LETTUCE.
407] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 259
1219. L. integrate (Gren. & Godr.) A. Nels. [L. virosa
Auct., not L.] PRICKLY LETTUCE.
Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 653).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
1 220. L, Canadensis L. COMMON WILD LETTUCE.
Boulder Canon, and along other streams in the foothills,
6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 564).
NOVA SCOTIA to SASKATCHEWAN; FLORIDA to COLORADO.
122 1. L. Ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. LOUISIANA LETTUCE.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
NORTH CAROLINA to MISSOURI and COLORADO and TEXAS.
1222. L. pulchella (Pursh) DC. SHOWY LETTUCE.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 399).
SASKATCHEWAN to WASHINGTON ; MISSOURI to CALIFORNIA.
1223. L. spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. [L. leucophaea Gray].
COMMON BLUE LETTUCE.
Sunset Canon, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 982). Also Boulder (Ryd-
berg).
NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA ; NORTH CAROLINA to COLO-
RADO.
486. SONCHUS L. SOW-THISTLE.
1224. S. arvensis L. FIELD SOW-THISTLE.
Waste places in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 1036).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
1225. S. asper (L.) Hill. HARSH SOW-THISTLE.
Boulder Canon road, and Gregory Canon road, 5600-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 458).
EUROPE, thence to NORTH AMERICA.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76.
Ashe, W. W. New North American plants; some new species
of Crataegus. N. C. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 175, 1900.
Bennett, Mrs. Cora. List of Colorado trees. Plant World, 11,
66.
Brandegee, T. S. The flora of southwestern Colorado. Bull,
U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 2, 227-248.
Brandegee, T. S. New species of western plants. Bot. Gaz.,
27, 444-457.
Butler, A. A. Ferns near Colorado Springs, Colo. Am. Nat, 30,
750, 751.
Cassidy, James, and O'Brine, David. Some Colorado grasses.
BXill. Colo. Agri. Coll. Exper. Sta., 12, 5-138.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. Notes on the Flora of Custer County, Colo-
rado. West Amer. Scientist, Sept. 1888, 5, 6; Oct. 1888, 10-12; 1889,
10-12.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. Notes on Castilleia. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
17, 34-37.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. Contributions towards a list of fauna and
flora of Wet Mountain valley. West Amer. Scientist, Nov. 1889,
153-155.
Cockerel!, T. D. A. The North American species of Hymenoxys.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31, 461-509.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat,
40, 861-873.
Cockerel I, T. D. A. The genus Crataegus in Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 5, 41-45.
Coulter, John M. Manual of botany of the Rocky Mountain
region. 1885.
409] [26l]
262 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [410
Coulter, John M. New manual of botany of the Central Rocky
Mountains. Revised by Aven Nelson. No date (c. 1909).
Eastwood, Alice. A popular flora of Denver, Colorado. No date.
Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the plants of Dr. Parry's collec-
tion in the Rocky Mountains in 1861. Am. Journ. ScL, Ser. II, 33,
237-243; 404-411; 34, 249-261; 330-341.
Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the species of plants collected by
Dr. C. C. Parry and Messrs. Elihu Hall and J. P. Harbour, during
the summer and autumn of 1862, on and near the Rocky Mountains,
in Colorado Territory, lat. 36°-41°. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1863-
55-80.
Gray, Asa. Classification of botanical collections made during
the San Juan Reconnaissance of 1877 in Colorado and New Mexico.
Ann. Report of Chief of Engineers, 1878, apx. SS, 1833-1840.
Greene, Edward L., and Baker, Carl F. New or noteworthy
plants from the Gunnison water-shed, Colorado. Plantae Bakerianae,
3, Fasc. I, 1901. Dr. Greene has also published numerous articles
dealing with the Colorado flora in the various volumes of Pittonia,
and also in his Leaflets.
Holm, Theodor. The Alpine Gramineae of Colorado. B'ot. Gaz.
46, 422-444.
Holzinger, John M. Descriptions of new plants from Texas
and Colorado. U. S. Nat. Herb., Contrib. 1, 286-287.
Melvill, J. C. Notes on a small collection of plants collected in
southwest Colorado by Mr. J. Cardwell Lees. Mem. and Proc.
Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Ser. 4, 7, 214-219.
Nelson, Aven. Analytical key to some of the common flowering
plants of the Rocky Mountain region. 1902.
Nelson, Aven. Contributions from the Rocky Mt. Herbarium.
II. Dot. Gaz. 31, 394-409; III. ibid., 34, 21-35; IV. ibid., 34, 355-71; V.
ibid., 37, 260-279; VI. ibid., 40, 54-67; VII. ibid., 42, 48-54.
Nelson, Aven. Plantae Andrewseae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
17, 173-180.
41 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 263
Nelson, Aven. Some western plants and their collectors. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, 33-40.
Nelson, Ellas. Revision of western North American Phloxes.
1889.
Osterhout, G. E. New plants from Colorado. Bull. Torr. Bot.
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Osterhout, G. E. Notes on Colorado plants. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, 21, 357, 358.
Osterhout, G. E. Colorado notes. Muhlenbergia, 1, 139-143.
Pammel, L. H., and Scribner, F. Lamson. Some notes on
grasses collected in 1895 between Jefferson, Iowa, and Denver,
Colo. Proc. Soc. Prom. Agri. Sci. 17, 94-104.
Parry, C. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ann. Re-
port, 4, 484-487.
Penard, E. An enumeration of the plants collected by M. E.
Penard in Colorado during the summer of 1892. Herb, of Colum-
bia Coll., Contrib. 75.
Penard, E. (List of plants collected in Colorado, 1891). Full.
Herb. Boiss. 3, No. 5.
Porter, T. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv. of Wy. and
Contiguous Terr., 4, 472-484.
Porter, T. C., and Coulter, J. M. Synopsis of the flora of Col-
orado. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr., Miscell. Pub. 4.
Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185.
Ramaley, Francis. Scientific expedition to northeastern Col-
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Studies, 4, 16M64.
Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado. I. Univ. of Colo.
Studies, 4, 109-122; II. ibid., 4, 187-197; III. ibid., 5, 47-63.
Ramaley, Francis. New Colorado species of Crataegus. Bot.
Gaz. 46, 381-384.
Ramaley, Francis, and Robbins, W. W. Redrock lake near
Ward. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168.
264 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [412
Rothrock, J. T. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geog. Surv. west
of the 100th meridian, 6, 53-352.
Rydberg, P. A. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora. I. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club, 27, 169-189; II., ibid., 528-538; III., ibid., 614-636;
IV. ibid., 28, 20-38; V. ibid., 266-283; VI. ibid., 499-513; VII. ibid.,
29, 145-160; VIII. ibid., 232-246; IX. ibid., 680-693; X. ibid., 30,
247-262; XL ibid., 31, 399-410; XII. ibid. 555-575; XIII., ibid. 631-
666; XIV. 32, 123-138; XV. ibid. 597-611; XVI. ibid., 33, 137-161;
XVII. ibid., 34, 35-50; XVIII. ibid., 417-437; XIX. ibid., 36, 531-541;
XX. ibid., 675-698; XXI. ibid., 37, 127-148; XXII. ibid., 313-335;
XXIII. ibid., 443-471; XXIV. ibid., 541-557; XXV. ibid., 38, 11-23.
Rydberg, P. A. The oaks of the Continental Divide north of
Mexico. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 1901.
Rydberg, P. A. Astragalus and its segregates as represented
in Colorado. Fall. Torr. Bot. Club, 32, 657-668.
Rydberg, P. A. Flora of Colorado. Bull. 100, Colo. Agric. Coll.
Exper. Sta.
Rydberg, P. A., and Shear, C. L. A report upon the grasses
and forage plants of the Rocky Mountain region. Bull. 5, Div. of
Agros., U. S. Dept. Agric.
Sudworth, G. B. Forest flora of the Rocky Mountains. Bull. 2,
Div. Forest, U. S. Dept. Agric.
Thacher, Mrs. G. W. Alpine flowers of Colorado. Appalachia,
5, 284-291.
Torrey, John, and Gray, Asa. (A botanical report of plants
collected by Mr. F. Crentzf eldt) . Pacific Railroad report, 2, 125-
131.
Vasey, George. Report on grasses of Kansas, Nebraska, and
Colorado. Bull. 1, Botanic. Div., U. S. Dept of Agric.
413] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 265
APPENDIX A.
Tidestrom in the Am. Midi. Nat. 2, 35, has described as a new
species this aspen under the name of P. aurea Tidestrom, with
the remark that it forms forests throughout Colorado, Utah, and
adjoining territory. But the differences relied upon to separate it
from Michaux's species seem to me to be at most varietal, and
hence I prefer to call the Colorado tree P. tremuloides aurea (Tide-
strom) Daniels. See page 98.
INDEX
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets
Abies
lasiocarpa 24, 31, 36, 39,
Abronia
fragrans
Abronia, fragrant
Acer
glabrum 22,29,
tripartitum
Negundo
Texanum
tripartitum
ACERACEAE
Acerates
angustifolia 16,
viridiflora 16,
Achillea
lamilosa 26,
Millefolium lanulosa
Acomastylis
Arapahoensis 42,
turbinata 42,
Acooitum
Columbianum 33, 35,
insigrte 33, 35,
ochroleucum 33, 35,
porrectum 35,
Acorus
Calamus 11,
Acroanthes
monophylla 28,
Acrolasja
albicaulis
integrifolia
integrifolia
latifolia
Actaea
arguta 25,
•'>' eburnea 25,
eburnea
Actinea
lanigera
Actinella, grandiflora
lanata
Actinella
woolly
4171
54
54
112
112
112
167
167
167
168
168
167
167
194
194
194
246
246
246
146
146
146
120
120
120
120
120
87
87
97
97
174
174
174
174
174
119
119
119
119]
245
245
245
245
31
[245]
Adder's-mouth 27, [97j
one-leaved 97j
Adder's-tongue [!
small-flowered 92
ADDER'S-TONGUE FAMILY [49
Adoxa 222
Moschatellina 29, 222j
ADOXACEAE 222
Agoseris 257
agrestis 257
glauca 15, 258
humilis 32, 35, 258
laciniata 35, 258
Leontodon 35, 258
parviflora 35, 258
rostrata 26, 258
Agoseris, beaked 258
cut-leaved 258
dandelion 258
field 257
glaucous 258
low 258
small-flowered 258
Agrimonia 147
Brittoniana occidentalis .... 147
Agrimony 147
western 147
Agropyron 76
andinum 32,
Arizonicum 32, 76
molle 15, 77
occidentale 14, 77
pseudorepens 14,18,27, 76
Richardsonii .27, 76
riparium 12, 77
Scribneri 76
spicatum inerme 76
tenerum 18, 76
unilaterale 76
Vaseyi 27, 76;
violaceum 27,32,41, 76;
andinum 76
Agrostis 64
alba 14,44, 64
alba vulgaris 64;
269
270
INDEX
[4i8
References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1
asperifolia 14, 35,
exarata.
hyemalis 15,
Rossae
scabra
tenuiculmis
tennis
varians
Alder 27,
thin-leaved
Aletes
acaulis 26,
obovata 26,
Algae
Alisma
Plantago 10,
ALISMACEAE
ALISMALES
Alkali flat flora 10,
ALKALINAE 10,
ALLIACEAE
Allionia
diffusa
hirsuta
lanceolata
linearis 15,
nyctaginea
ALLIONIACEAE
Allium
cernuum obtusum
dictyotum
Geyeri 22,28,
Nutta*llii 22,
recurvatum
reticulatum 22, 28,
reticulatum deserticola
Allocarya
scopulorum 34,
Allocarya, mountain
Alnus
incana virescens
tenuifolia 28,37,
Alopecurus
alpinus
aristulatus 11,
fulvus
occidentalis 39,
ALPESTRES 9,
ALPINAE 38,
Alpine flora 9,38,
Alpine tundra
Alpine zone 8,9,
ALSINACEAE
Alsine
Baicalensis 37, 39,
Jamesiana
longifolia 33,
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
101
101
182
183
183
10
56
56
56
56
16
16
[91
112
112
113
113
113
112
112
91
91
91
91
91
91
92
91
201
201
201
101
101
101
62
63
62
62
63
38
40
41
38
38
115
115
115
115
115
longipes [115
stricta 115
media 45, [11
Alsinopsis [116
obtusiloba 41, [116
propinqua 41, [116
Althaea [170
rosea 46, [170
Alum-root 29, [137
bracted,
Hall's
small-leaved
Alyssum
alyssoides
calycinum
maritimum
Alyssum, sweet
yellow
Amarella
monantha 40,
nana
plebeja 34,
Holmii 40,
scopulorum . 29,
137
137
137
132
132
132
132
132
132
190
190
191
191
191
191
strictiflora [190
AMARYLLIDALES
Amaranth
AMARANTH FAMILY
AMARANTHACEAE
Amaranthus
albus
blitoides 45,
graecizans 45,
Powellii
retroflexus 45,
Ambrosia
artemisiaefolia 45,
psilostachya 16, 45,
trifida 12,45,
integrifolia
AMBROSIACEAE
Amelanchier
alnifolia
elliptica
oreophila 20, 22, 25, 30,
polycarpa 42,
Ammannia
coccinea
Ammannia, scarlet
AMMIACEAE
AMNICOLAE 31, 36,
Amorpha
angustifolia
fruticosa 22,
microphylla
nana 15,
A mpelopsis quinquefolia vitacea
[95
111
111
111
111
112
111
112
111
111
224
224
224
224
224
224
150
150
150
150
150
176
176
176
181
37
159
159
159
160
160
169
419]
INDEX
271
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
AMYGDALACEAE
Anaphalis
margaritacea subalpina
subalpina 26, 32,
Androcera
lobata
rostrata 15,
Andropogon
chrysocoma 15,
furcatus 14,
scoparium
Androsace
diffusa 39,
pinetorum .30,
puberulenta 30,
septentrionalis
subulifera
subumbellata 39,
Anemone
Canadensis 37,
cylindrica 18,
globosa 25,35,
Pennsylvania
Anemone 27,
Canada
globose
long-fruited
Pennsylvania
Angelica
ampla
Grayi
Anogra
albicaulis
coronopifolia 14,
Nuttallii
rhizomata 14,
Antennaria
anaphaloides 42,
aprica 32,42,
Carpathica pulcherrima
concinna 32,
corymbosa 42,
formosa
imbricata 42,
marginata
media 42,
178
178
179
179
179
239
241
240
241
239
240
240
240
240
239
microphylla [240
nardina.
oxyphylla 26,
parvifolia 32,
pulcherrima ! .
rosea
umbrinella 42,
Anthemis
Cotula 45,
Anthopogon
240
240
240
241
240
239
246
246
1901
barbellatus 33, 39, [190]
elegans 39, [190]
Anthropoi
>pophytic pi
ANTHROPOPHYTICALES. .
)lants.
.24,25,31,
43
43
88]
88
88
53
53
[161
21
161
229
230
230
229
193
193
193
193
193
193
Anticlea
Coloradensis
elegans
Apinus
flexilis.. . .
Apios
Apios
Boulderensis 22,
Aplopappus, croceus
Parryi
pygmaeus
spinulosus
APOCYNACEAE
Apocynum
ambigens
androsaemifolium
cannabinum
hypericifolium
lividum [193
scopulorum 26, [193
APPLE FAMILY [150
Aquatic flora 10
AQUATILES 10
Aquilegia [119
coerulea 25, 32, 41, [119
Arabis [134
134
135
134
134
134
134
134
[87
158
158
159
158
158
158
158
159
159
connexa
divaricarpa
Fendleri
Hoelboelii Fendleri
ovata
oxyphylla
philonipha
ARACEAE
Aragallus
deflexus 32,
Lamberti 14, 18, 35,
minor
multiceps
minor
patens 14, 35,
Richardsonii 35,
18,
senceus
ARALES . [87
Aralia [181
nudicaulis 23,29, [181
ARBUSTALES 18,20,31, 34
Arceuthobium Americanum.. . . 103
canum [103
cryptopodum 103
robustum 103
Arctostaphylos 186
Uva-ursi 26, 186
272
INDEX
[420
References to the Flora are in brackets
Arenaria
Fendleri 41,
diffusa
obtusa
propinqua
Tweedyi.... 41,
verna aequicaulis
Argemone
bipinnatifida
hispida 14,
intermedia 14, 18,
Arid brush slope society.. . .31,
ARIDAE 13,
Aristida
fasciculata 15,
longiseta 15,
Armoracia
Armoracia 46,
Arnica
Chamissonis longinodosa. . . .
cordifolia 26,
eradiata
monocephala
Parryi 37,42,
parvifolia
pedujnculata 20,
platyphylla 42,
pumila
Rydbergii
subplumosa 35,
Arnica
broad-leaved
dwarf
heart-leaved
Parry's
peduncled
Rydberg's
single-headed
subplumose
Arrowwood . .
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
126
126
126
126
34
15
60
60
60
130
130
248
248
248
249
249
249
248
248
248
248
248
248
248
248
248
248
249
248
248
249
248
22i;
Artemisia.. . . ... .[246
247
247:
247;
246
247:
246
246
247
247
247
247
247
246
247
248
[87;
biennis 34
Brittonii 16, 19
Chamissoniana saxatilis
desertorum Scouleriana
diversifolia
dracunculoides 16, 19,
Forwoodii 19,
frigida 19,43,
gnaphalodes 15,
saxicola
silvicola 32,
scopulorum
Scouleriana
spithamaea 42,
tridentata 34,
ARUM FAMILY . .
ASCLEPIADACEAE 194
ASCLEPIADALES 193
Asclepias 194
brachystephana 194
incarnata 194
pumila 16, 194
speciosa 14, 194
stenophylla 194
verticillata pumila 194
Asparagus 94
officinalis 46, 94
Asparagus, common 94
Aspen.. 33,47, 98
American 98
quaking 32
Aspen society 24
Aspidium Filix-mas.
Asplenium
Andrewsii 30,
septentrionalis
Trichomanes 30,
Aster
adscendens
Andrewsii 32,
Bigelovii
ciliatus
coerulescens 12,
commutatus 15,
crassulus 16,
Eatonii
Engelmannii
exiguus 16,
foliaceus Eatonii
glaucus
incanopilosus
laetevirens
laevis 26,
Nelsonii
Osterhoutii 12,
Pattersonii
polycephalus 16, 26,
Ported 26,32,
salicifolius coerulescens..
49
51
51
51
51
233
235
235
235
233
234
234
234
235
233
233
235
233
234
234
234
233
234
235
234
234
234
233
233
Aster 31
235
235
235
234
233
235
233
227
233
235
234
Underwoodii 32,
violaceus
Andrews's
ascending
Bigelow's
coerulean
ciliate
Eaton's
Engelmann's
golden
glaucous
harsh
light-green-leaved . . .
INDEX
273
References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1
many-headed
Nelson's
Osterhout's
Patterson's
Porter's
prairie, white
smooth
thickish
Underwood's
varying
violet
wart-cress-leaved
white prairie
Astragalus
alpinus
campestris
Canadensis
Carolinianus
decumbens
Drummondii
flexuosus
goniatus 14, 18,
hypo glottis bracteosus
polyspermus
nitidus 18,
oroboides A mericanus
Parryi
Shortianus
sulphurescens
tenellus
tridactylicus
virgultatus
Atelophragma
elegans 32,
Atheropogon. . ,
curtipendulus 18,
Atragene
Columbiana
occidentalis 25,
Atriplex
argentea 17,
carnosa 17,
hortensis 17,
occidentalis
Avena
fatua 44,
sativa 46,
striata 22, 31,
Avens 21,
mountain, purple
three-flowered
turbinate
white
yellow
Arapahoe
Oregon
Rocky Mountain
234
233
234
235
234
234
234
234
233
235
235
235
234
155
156
157
155
155
157
156
157
156
156
156
156
156
157
157
156
157
158
156
156
156
[67;
[67;
122
122
122
110
110
110
110
110
65
66
66
66
145
145
145
146
147
146
146
145
145
yellow
Bachelor's button
Bahia
chrysanthemoides
dissecta 29,
oppositifolia
Bahia, fine-leaved
opposite-leaved
Balsam-apple
wild
Balsam fir 36,39,
145
225
244
244
244
244
244
244
222
222
[54
western [54
Balsam poplar.
Baneberry
ivory
red, western
western red
Barberry, holly
BARBERRY FAMILY
Barley
little
six-rowed
Barnyard grass
Bastard toad-flax
pale
Batidaea
laetissima 20,25,
Batrachium
aquatile flaccidum
flaccidum 34,
BEAN FAMILY
Bearberry
red
Beard-grass [57],
golden
Beard-tongue 13,
alpine
glaucous
low
mountain
narrow-sepalled
one-sided
Rydberg's
sharp-leaved
slender
tall
Bedstraw
fragrant
northern
Vaillant's
yellow-flowered
Bee plant, Rocky Mountain. . .
Bellflower
BELLFLOWER FAMILY
Bell rue
western
Belvisia. . .
[98
119
119
119
119
125
125
77
77
77
58
103
103
141
141
122
122
122
152
186
186
[63
[57
211
212
212
212
211
212
212
212
212
212
213:
220
220:
220
220:
220:
135:
222:
222:
122:
122:
[Si!
274
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
septentrionalis
[51]
64
64
64
64
64
125
125
125
2071
2071
207
207
183]
183
183
215
215
101
101
101
101
101'
101
101
264
244]
244
244
244
187
187
187
195
108
196
196
196
101
101
101
27
101]
101
101
101
101
lOlj
185j
136
136j
108
108
108j
108j
108
1081
•
Bittercress [
133]
133
134
134
114
114
139
[50
128
128
128
128
128
219
219
226
226
226
109
111
109
109
109
109
222
223
202
202
202
187
187
187
255
[95;
[95
[95;
211
95
70
72
69
72
65
64
259
245
246
27
[95]
95
96
96
200
200
141
141
[49]
Bent-grass
heart-leaved . j
harsh
hoary
Miss Ross's
valley
thin
Bitter root
pvsrnv
BERBERIDACEAE
Black currant small
Berberis, A quifolium
re-bens
Bladder-fern
Bladder pod
Bergamot
double
mint-lea, ved
common
soft
many- flowered
strict
Shear's
Berula
Bladderwort
o,ns.ustifoli(i
common
erects. 1 1
Blazing-star 13 [
Besseya
dotted [
alpinu 42
purple-bracted
Betula
Elite [
A ndfcwsii
sea
fontinalis 12 28 37
strawberry
gland ulosa
Blitum
occidentalis
capitatum 25,
rubrum
papyrifera Andrewsii.. . .25,
BETULACEAE
Bluebell
Bibliography 47-48, 261-
western
Bidens
Bluebells [
glaucescens 12,
many-leaved
tenuisecta
punctate
vulgata 12, 45,
Blueberry
myrtle
Bilberry
dwarf
BLUEBERRY FAMILY
red-berried
Bluebottle
Bindweed
Blue-eyed grass 34,
alpine
narrow-leaved
Blue-eyed Mary little 1
black
bracted
inland
hairy.
Blue flag, Missouri
Blue-grass, English
false Kentucky
Kentucky
Birch 28
Andrews's canoe
canoe, Andrews's
dwarf. .
false
fountain.
Blue-joint Canada
glandular.
purple
red, western..
Blue-lettuce common |
scrub
Boebera |
western red. .
papposa 16 45 |
BIRCH FAMILY..
Bog orchids 21
Bird's-nest, giant..
Bog orchis
Bishop's cap
green-flowered
western
loose- flowered
Bistort
northern.
alpine
BORAGE FAMILY
oblong-leaved
BORAGINACEAE
Bistorta
Bosseckia.
bistortoides... 37 39
parviflora 25
vivipara. . . .39.
Botrvchium.. ,
4231
INDEX
275
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
Virginianum 25, [49
Bouncing Bet. [118
Bouteloua 67
hirsuta 15,18, [67
oligostachya 14, 15, 18, [67
racemosa 67
Box elder 12, [168
common [168
Texan [168
Bracken [50
Bracted bindweed [196
inland [196
Brake, hairy [50
Bramble [141
Brassica 131
campestris 46, 132
juncea 45, 131
nigra 45, 132
BRASSICACEAE 127
Breadroot, Indian . 160
Brickellia, grandiflora minor, . . 225
Brickellia 225
umbellate 225
white-stemmed [226
Brier 21, [148
Bristle-grass 78
long-leaved 78
short-leaved 78
Brome-grass .. . . 74
lanate 75
large marginate 74
marginate, large 74
Pumpelly's 75
quake-grass 75
Richardson's 75
Bromus 74
brizaeformis 44, 75
hordeaceus : . .44, 75
lanatipes 27, 75
marginatus latior 14, 74
mollis 75
Porteri lanatipes 75
Pumpellianus 14, 27, 75
Richardsonii 27, 75
secalinus. 44, 75
tectorum 44, 75]
Brooklime [214]
American [214]
Broom-grass 13, [57]
BROOM-RAPE FAMILY [219]
Brunella, see Prunella
Buchloe dactyloides [67
BUCKTHORN FAMILY 168
Buckwheat, false 108
common [108
Buffalo berry [175
Canadian.. . 175
Buffalo grass 13,
common
false
Bugloss
small
Bugseed
marginal-friuted
Bulbilis
dactyloides
Bull pine 20,24,25,31,
Bulrush 10,
great
pale
BUNCH-FLOWER FAMILY
Bunch-grass 20,
blue
Bur-grass
Bur-marigold
glaucescent
Bur nightshade
common
Bur-reed
narrow-leaved
BUR-REED FAMILY
Bursa
Bursa-pastoris 45,
Buttercup
Adonis-like
Macoun's
northern
BUTTERWORT FAMILY
Button-snakeroot
CACTACEAE
Cactus
viviparus
Cactus 6,
ball
viviparous
CACTUS FAMILY
Cactus mesa society 18,
Calamagrostis
Canadensis
purpurascens 27, 31,
Calamus
Calandrinia pygmaea
Calceolaria
linearis 22,
Callisteris collina
leucantha
CALLITRICHACEAE
Callitriche
autumnalis
bifida 10,
palustris 10,
CALOCHORTACEAE
Calochortus
Gunnisonii 18,
67]
67
68
204:
204:
110
110
67:
67
53
79
80
80
88
57:
74
59
244
244
209
209
[55
55
55
128:
128
122
123
124
123
219
226
174
174
174:
19
[174]
[174]
[174]
19
64]
65
64]
87
114]
172
172]
197
197
166
166
166
166
166
[94;
[94
[94
276
INDEX
[424
References to the Flora are in brackets
Caltha. ..
chionophila
leptosepala 37, 39,
118
118
118
rotundifolia
Calypso borealis
Calypso
northern
Camass, death 34,
poison
falcate
Camelina [128
sativa 45, [128
CAMPANALES 10, 12
118
97
97
97
88
88
88
Campanula
Parryi
petiolata 19, 26,
uniflora 42,
CAMPANULACEAE
CAMPANULALES
Campe
Americana
CAMPESTRES 9,
222
223
222
222
222
222
131
131
36
campestrian vegetation 36
Campion [117]
moss [117]
Canadian vegetation 9
Canary-grass [59
reed [59
Cancer-root 219
clustered 219
yellow 219
CANNABINACEAE 102
CAPER FAMILY 135
Capnoides 126
aureum 126
montanum 126
pachylobum 126
CAPPARIDACEAE 135
Caraway 182
common 182
mountain 182
Cardamine ; 133
cardiophylla ". 134
cordifolia 37, 133
incana 37, 134
infausta 134
vallicola 12, 134
Cardaria 127
Draba 127
CARDUACEAE 225
CARDUALES 224
Carduus Centaureae 253
Color adensis [254
erosus 254
griseus 253
megacephalus [254
ochrocentrus . [255
Parryi
Plattensis. .
scopulorum.
undulatus. .
Carex. .
acutina
alpina Stevenii
athrostachya.. 14,
atrata 41,
aurea 28,
Beckii
bella 39,
canescens 33,
capillaris 41,
chalciolepis 41,
chimaphila 41,
Deweyana 25,
Douglasii 15,27,
durifolia
ebenea 33, 35, 39,
festiva.. ..22,27,28,35,39,
Haydeniana
festucacea 14,
Geyeri 32,
Goodenovii 33, 37,
Hoodii 28,35,
incurva 41,
lanuginosa 11, 35,
marcida 14, 18,27,
muricata Americana
confixa
nigricans 41,
obtusata 41,
occidentalis 33, 35,
oreocharis
Pennsylvanica vespertinalS,
petasata 27,35,
pratensis 14, 18,27,
pulla
Pyrenaica 41,
rhomboidea
rigida 41,
rupestris 41,
Sartwellii
saxatilis
scoparia 14,
siccata 15,27,
stenophylla
stipata 11,
straminea 15, 18,
straminiformis 18,
stricta 11,
tenella 28,
umbellata brachyrhina
brevirostris 18,
utriculata 33,
variabilis
253
254
253
254
[81
84
425]
INDEX
277
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
86
84
84
81
22
Carum
Carvi 46,
Hallii
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
CASHEW FAMILY
Castilleja
Arapahoensis 40,
cognata 26,
confusa 26, 32,
Crista-galli
integra 26, 32,
lancifolia 32,
lauta 32,
linariaefolia . .19, 26, [215],
nliformis.. .
occidentalis
oreopola subintegra
pallida occidentalis
rhexifolia .
42,
vespertina
vulgaris
alpina
vulpinoidea 11,
Carolinian flora 21,
Carpet-weed [113]
common [113]
Carrion flower [94
western [94
182
182
183
117
167
215
216
216
216
216
216
217
217
216
215
217
217
217
217
sulphurea 32, 35, [216], 217
Castilleja 43
Catchfly .[117]
alpine 49
night-blooming [117"
sleepy [117;
depauperate [117
Catch-fly grass [59
Catmint 206
Catnip 206
common 206
Cat's-foot 31, 239
corymbed 240
fairest 241
false pearly 241
imbricate 240
marginate 240
medium 239
pearly, false 241
rosy 240
sharp-leaved 240
small-leaved 240
sunny [240
umber 239
Cattail 10, [55
broad-leaved [55
CATTAIL FAMILY [55
Ceanothus [168
Fendleri 19, 20, [168
mollissimus 20, 168
ovatus pubescens [168
pubescens [168
subsericeus 20, 168;
velutinus 25, 168
Cedar, Rocky Mount'n red. 29, [54
Celtis [103
reticulata 20, [103
Cenchrus [59
Carolinianus 44, [59
tribuloides [59
255
255
189
189
115
115
152
118
118
118
147
147
174
174
174
59
59
59
59
189
189
176
176
176
174
164
164
164
164
164
75
75
51
51
51
51
51
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
mcanum 109
Centaurea
Cyanus
Centunculus
minimus 20,
Cerastium
occidentale 22,
Cerasus demissa melanocarpa....
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum
demersum 10,
Cercocarpus
parvifolius 20,
Cereus viridiflorus
Cereus, prickly
green-flowered
Chaetochloa
glauca 44,
Italica 46,
viridis 44,
Chaffweed
least
Chamaenerion
angustifolium 25,
platyphyllum
Chamaesyce
Fendleri 16,
glyptosperma
petaloidea
rugulosa
serpyllifolia 16,
Cheat, common
thatch
Cheilanthes
F6ei 30,
Fendleri 30,
gracilis
lanuginosa
CHENOPODIACEAE
CHENOPODIALES
Chenopodium
album 45,
Botrys 45,
Fremontii 25.
incanum
hybridum 45,
278
INDEX
[426
References to the Flora are in brackets
leptophyllum 45,
oblongifolium
oblongifolium
rubrum 16,
108
108
108
109
Chenopods 16
151'
208
152
152
28
Cherry
ground
red, wild
sand, Bessey's.
wild 20,21,
Chickweed
common
mouse-ear
western
Chicory
common
Chimaphila
umbellata 26,
Chionophila
Jamesii 42,
Chondrophylla
Americana
Fremontii
CHORIPETALAE. .
Chrysanthemum [246
Leucanthemum [246
Chrysopogon nutans 15, [57
. ..32,
...30,
Chrysopsis.
amplifolia..
arida
Bakeri
Caudata.. .
compacta
Cooperi
foliosa
hirsutissima
hispida 16,
incana
resinolens 19,
obtusata
villosa 16,
hispida
Chrysothamnus
elegans 35,
graveolens 17,
nauseosus graveolens
Parryi 36,
pulcherrimus 16, 17,
fascicularis
Cicely, sweet
ClCHORIACEAE
Cichorium
Intybus 45,
Cicuta . .
21,
227
228
228
228
228
228
229
228
227
228
228
228
228
228
228
229
229
229
229
229
229
229
182
255
256
256
182
occidentalis 11, [182
Cinna [63
latifolia 28,33, [63
pendula [63
142
143
141
142
142
143
143
145
142
142
143
143
143
142
144
144
142
143
[180
Cinquefoil [141],
branched
bushy
cut-leaved
glaucous
diffuse
fairest
glandular, large-flowered.
ground
lateral-flowered
minute-leaved
Pennsylvania, arachnoid,
villous
rough
shrubby
tall
white-seeded
woolly
Circaea. . .
acaulescens X Americanum..
Americanum 26,
Americanum X griseum . . . .
Centaureae [253],
Coloradense 32,
erosum 26,
griseum 42,
megacephalum 15,
ochrocentrum 15,
Parryi
Plattense
scopulorum 42,
undulatum 16,
Clammy- weed
large-flowered
Claytonia
Chamissonis
megarrhiza 41,
rosea
Clematis
Douglasii Jonesii
eriophora
ligusticifolia 28,
Cleome serrulata
Cleome
pink ,
white
Climate and rainfall
Climatology.
Clivose vegetation 21
Closed gentian [191]
427]
INDEX
279
References to the Flora are in brackets \
Bigelow's. . .
Parry's
Romanzof's.
192
192
192
Clover 44, [154
alpine 40
alsike 154J
gray [154;
livid 154;
prairie 160
red 154;
sheep [154
sweet [155
white [155
white [154
Club-moss 40, 52
little 52
stiff 52
CLUB-MOSS FAMILY 52
Cancer-root [219
clustered [219
yellow 219
Cnicus Americanus 253
eriocephalus 253
ochrocentrus 255
Parryi 253
undulatus 254
megacephalus 254
Cocklebur 225
common 225
Cockspur grass [58
Cogswellia 184
orientalis 26, 184
Coleosanthus 225
albicaulis 30, 226
congestus 225
minor 30, 225
umbellatus 225
Collinsia 211
parviflora 211
tenella 29, 211
Collomia 198
linearis 19,23, 198
Boulderensis 198
micrantha 196
Coltsfoot, sweet 248
Columbine 119
azure • 119
blue 40
Columbo [192
narrow-leaved [193
narrow-sepalled
showy
Comandra
pallida 18,43,
COMMELINACEAE...
192
192
103
103
[87
Composites 13, 43
Cone-flower 13, [242J
..32,
gray-headed
long-headed . . .
brown
yellow
Conioselinum
scopulorum
CONVALLARIACEAE
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus
ambigens
arvensis 45,
interior
Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza 22, 43,
innata
multiflora 43,
ochroleuca
Cord-grass
freshwater
Corispermum
marginale
CORNACEAE
Cornflower
CORRIGIOLA FAMILY
CORRIGIOLACEAE
Corydalis aurea
aurea occidentalis .
Corydalis
golden
mountain
CORYLACEAE
Corylus
rostrata 22,28,
Cottonwood 12, 21, 28,
242
242
242
242
184
184
[93;
195
195
196
196
196
97
97
97
97
97
66
66
110
110
181
255
112
112]
126
126
126
126
126
102
102
102
[98
black [98
narrow-leaved
western
Cowbane
western
Cow herb
Cow parsnip
woolly
Cowslip, white
Crab-grass [57],
wild
Cranberry, high-bush
Cranesbill
Bicknell's
Fremont's
Parry's
Patterson's
98
[98
182
182
117
184
184
39
[66
[66
221
162
162
162
162
162
Richardson's.
.[162
Cranny and crevice vegetation. '
CRASSULACEAE [136
Crataegus [150
Cerronis [151
Coloradensis 22, [150
280
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets
Colorado
Coloradoides 20,22,
Doddsii 22,
erythropoda 20,22.
occidentalis 20,22,
Creeper, Virginia
Crepis
alpicola 42,
angustata
denticulata 26, 34,
glaucella
occidentalis
perplexa
petiolata 26,
runcinata
Cress 27,
hoary
marsh
blunt-leaved
curved-podded
rock
Stanley's
glaucous
water
winter
American
yellow
spreading
warty-podded
Crevice and cranny vegeta-
tion 24,
Croton
^ Texensis
Croton
Texas
Crowfoot
alpine
creeping
elliptic-leaved
heart-leaved
kidney-leaved
Nuttall's
seaside
small-flowered
small-petalled
swamp, western
ugly
western swamp
white water 34,
flaccid-leaved
CROWFOOT FAMILY
Crownbeard
western
Crunocallis
Chamissoi 11, 28,
Cryptanthe
crassisepala 16,
150
151
151
151
150
169
256
257
257
257
[257
257
256
256
256
128
127
129
129
129
134
135
135
128
131
131
129
129
129;
29
163
163
163
163
122
123
123
123
123
124
124
124
124
123
124
123
124
122
122
118
243
244
114
114
201
201
Pattersonii ................ [202
Cryptogramme ............. [50
[50
241
acrostichoides ....... 29,
Cudweed .................
marsh ................... 241
sulphurescent ............ 241
Wright's ................ 241
Cultivated plants ............ 7
Cultural plants ............ 7, 44
Currant .................... [139
black, small ............... 139
golden, long-flowered ....... 140
red ...................... 140
western ................. [139
wax ................... 20, 29
small ................... 140
Cuscuta .................... 195
curta .................. 43, 195
Gronovii curta ............. 195
indecora ............... 43, 195
CUSCUTACEAE ............... 195
Cut-grass, rice ...............
Cycloloma .................. [IK
atriplicifolium ............. [110
platyphyllum .............. [110
Cymopterus, false ........... [185
CYPERACEAE ................ 79
Cyper grass ................. [79
awned ..................... [79
Bush's ................... 79
Cyperus .................... [79
aristatus .................. [79
Bushii .................... [79
inflexus ............... 11, [79
Cyrtorrhyncha .......... 25, [124
Cymbalaria ............... [124
ranunculina ............... [124
Cytherea ................... 97
bulbosa ................ 32, 97
Dactylis .................... 69
glomerata ............. 44, 69
Daisy, mountain ............. [239
oxeye .................... [246
Daisy fleabane .............. 238
Dandelion .................. 248
common .................. 248
mountain ................. 248
Danthonia, Calif ornica ........ [66
intermedia ................ 66
spicata ................... [66
Darnel ..................... [75
Dasiphora .................. [144
fruticosa ............ 33,35, 144
Dasystephana ............... 191
Bigelovii .................. 192
Parryi ................. 42, [192
Romanzovii ............ 42, [192
429]
INDEX
28l
References to the Flora are in brackets
Datura [2W
Stramonium 45, [210
Tatula 45, [210;
DAYFLOWER FAMILY [87
DEAD NETTLE FAMILY 205
179
179
119
120
120
119
119
119
119
119
120
Delavaux' evening primrose...
short-podded
Delphinium
Ajacis 46,
Barbeyi
camporum 18,
Nelsonii 18,
occidentale 32, 35,
Penardii 15, 18,
quercetorum
scopulorum subalpinum
subalpinum 120
Deschampsia [65
caespitosa 34, 35, [65
Deweya acaulis [163
Deyeuxia Canadensis [65
sylvatica [64
Dichrophyllum marginatum.. . . [165
DlCOtYLEDONES 98
Disporum 28, 93
majus 28, 93
trachycarpum 93
Disporum, rough-fruited 93
Distegia [222]
involucrata 29, [222"
Distichlis 69
maritime, stricta 69
stricta 16, 69
Dock 105
bitter
curly
dense-flowered.
spatter, western
105
105
105
125
willow-leaved
Dodder
pretty
short-styled
DODDER FAMILY
Dodecatheon
pauciflorum
philoscia 33,
radicatum 29,35,
sinuatum
sinuatum 29,
Dogbane
clasping-leaved
crag
pale
smooth
spreading
DOGBANE FAMILY
Dog-tooth violet
Dogwood 21,27,28,
red-osier
DOGWOOD FAMILY
Dondia
depressa 17,
erecta
Double bladder pod
common
many-flowered
Douglas spruce 24, 25,
Douglasia Johnstoni
Draba
aurea 32, 42,
aureiformis 42,
Bakeri
cana 41,
Coloradensis
crassifolia 41,
decumbens 42,
Fladnizensis .... 39,
luteola 41,
nemorosa
streptocarpa 28, 32, 41,
DRACAENACEAE
Dracocephalum
parviflorum 23, 26,
Dragon's-head
small-flowered
DRAGON-TREE FAMILY
Dropseed
hair-grass
northern
rough •
sand
Drop-seed grass
marsh
slender
Drop wort, water
Drosace
carinata
Dryas
octopetala 42,
Dryas
Drymocallis
arguta 14,
fissa 18,
Dryopteris
Filix-mas
Duckweed 10,
gibbous
lesser
DUCKWEED FAMILY
Dysodia chrysanthemoides
Eaton grass
blunt-scaled
Pennsylvania
[92.
181
181
181
111
111
111
128
128
128
[54
189
132
133
133
133
133
132
132
133
133
133J
132
133]
[94
206
206
206
206
94
63]
63
63
63
63
61]
61]
62]
[183
189
189:
147]
147]
40
[144
[144
[145
49
49
87
87j
87'
87
[246
[68
68
68
282
INDEX
[430
References to the Flora are in buckets
stout
Eatoni
obtusata
robusta
Pennsylvania ........... 28,
robusta ................ 12,
Echinochloa
Crus-galli
mutica
12,
Echinocystis lobata ...........
Echinospermum floribundum. . .
Redowskyi occidentals .......
cupulatum ..............
Edwinia ....................
Americana ............. 30,
ELAEAGNACEAE ..............
Elder ......................
black-berried ..............
box
marsh
small-berried ..............
Eleocharis ..................
acicularis .............. 11,
acuminata ............. 11,
glaucescens ............ 11,
palustris ............... 11,
glaucescens ..............
tenuis ....................
Elephant, little red ....... 39,
Elephantella
Groenlandica 34, 35, 40,
Echinocereus ................ [174
viridiflorus ............. 19, [174
58
58
58
222
200
200
200
139
139
175
220
221
168
224
220
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
218
218
218
Elm [103
American 103
ELM FAMILY [103
Elymus 78
ambiguus 27, 79
brachystachys 15, 18, [78
Canadensis 12, 78
condensatus 78
Macounii 14, 78
robustus 12, 78
strigosus 27, 79
villiflorus 18,27, 79
Enchanter's nightshade [180
alpine [180
ENSIFORMES 18,
EPILOBIACEAE
Epilobium
adenocaulon 11, 29, 33,
occidentale
adenocladon
alpinum
anagallidifolium ..... 33, 42,
angustifolium ..............
occidentale...
19
176
177
177
177
178
177
177
176
177
paniculatum 19, [177
rubescens 33, [177
EQUISETACEAE
EQUISETALES
Equisetum
arvense 10,
laevigatum 10, 12, 28,
Eragrostis
major 44,
pectinacea 15,
ERICACEAE
ERICALES
Erigeron
acris debilis
Bellidastrum
Canadensis
canus
compositus
pinnatisectus
trifidus
debilis
divergens 15,
eximius 32,
flagellaris 15,
glandulosus 32,
jucundus 34,40,
leucotrichus 42,
lonchophyllus 34,
macranthus 26, 37,
mirus
melanocephalus 42,
minor 34,
multifidus 32,
oreocharis
pinnatisectus 42,
pumilus
pusillus
ramosus 16, 45,
salicinus 26,
salsuginosus 40,
glacialis
simplex 44,
Smithii 36,
speciosus 32,
stolonifer
strigosus
subtrinervis 32,
superbus 32, 40,
trifidus 32,.
uniflorus [236
Eriocoma [61
cuspidata 20, [61
Eriogonum "
alatum 18,
Bakeri
crassifolium
effusum 15,
431!
INDEX
283
References to the Flora are In brackets f 1
flavum 18,
vegetius
Jamesii flavescens
subalpinum 37,
umbellatum 18,
Eriophyllum lanatum
Eritrichium
argenteum
Erodium.. .
cicutarium 45,
Erysimum
alpestre
asperum
alpestre. .
nanum. .
104
104'
104
104
104
245
20f
201
163
163
130
131
130
131
131
131
131
131
145
145
[92
grandiflorum parviflorum. . . . [92
parviflorum 41, [92^
Escapes 43, 46
Bucephalus [233]
233
233
225
225
165
166
166
164
164
165
165
Cockerellianum.. .25, 32, 41,
nivale 41,
oblanceolatum
Erythrocoma
ciliata 35, 42,
Erythronium.
Engelmannii 32,
glaucus 26,
Eupatorium
maculatum 21,
Euphorbia Arkansana
cuphosperma
dentata
Fendleri
glyptosperma
marginata.
montana. .
robusta [165
petaloidea
serpyllifolia
rugulosa
EUPHORBIACEAE
EUPHORBIALES
Eurotia
Janata
Eustoma
Andrews!!
Eustoma
Andrews's
Eutoca
sericea 32,42,
Evening primrose
Delavaux'
hairy
Hooker's
scapose
tooth-leaved
white . .
164
164
164
163
163
110
110
190
190
190
190
200
200
178
179
178
178
179
180
178
16,
239
241
241
195
195
195
152
44
101
108
108
[68
185
185
185
128
215
204
204
159
159
160
65
65
65
65
.[241
Everlasting
pearly
false
Evolvulus
argenteus
Nuttallianus
FABACEAE
FAENALES 43
FAGALES
False buckwheat
common
False buffalo grass
False cymopterus
multifid-leaved
sylvan
False flax
False foxglove, purple
False gromwell
western
False indigo
shrubby
small-leaved
False oat
larger
mountain
narrow
False pearly everlasting .
False Solomon's seal [ 93
clasping-leaved [93
starry ; [93
False sunflower, five-ribbed. . . [243
False timothy [62
Fame-flower [113
small-flowered [113
Feather geranium [109
Fern 3,27, 29
bladder 50
fragile 21, 50
grape 49
lip 51
parsley [50
shield 49
FERN FAMILY 49
Fern worts 49
Fescue-grass 73
King's 73
meadow 73
naked-stemmed
prostrate
red
sheep
short-leaved
slender
small-flowered
Festuca
brachyphylla 27,41,
confinis 27,
284
INDEX
[43*
References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1
elatior 14,44,
pratensis
ingrata nudata
Kingii
minutiflora 41,
octoflora 15, 18,
ovma
brevifolia
nudata
supina
rubra 35
tenella
Figwort [211
western [211
FIGWORT FAMILY [211
FILICALES
Filix
fragilis 22,29,
Finger grass
Fir 24,31,38,39,
balsam 36,39,
red
Fire weed
narrow- leaved
Five-finger [141],
Flax
false
Lewis's
meadow
FLAX FAMILY
Fleabane 27,31,
49
50
50
57^
40
[54
[54
176
176
142
163
128
163
163
163
235
black-headed [236
broad-rayed...
choice
common
composite
daisy
divergent
glandular
ice
lance-leaved...
large-flowered
multifid
pinnate
pleasant
showy
simple
small
smaller
Smith's
stoloniferous. .
superb
three-nerved . .
three-parted . .
white-haired. .
willow
wonderful...
237
238
238
236
238
238
237
237
235
238
236
236
236
238
236
237
236
238
239
237
238
236
237
237
238
Fleur-de-lis [95
Flora of Boulder, Colorado.. . . [49
Flowering raspberry 29, [141
savory 141
Fly-honeysuckle [222
involucred [222
Fog-fruit [205
wedge-leaved 205
Fontinal vegetation 21, 27
Foot-hill canon society... .24, 27, 36
Foot-hill flora 9, 17, 23,.. 24, 29, 30
Foot-hill meadow society 24, 27
Forage plants 43, 44
Foxglove, false [215
Foxtail [59], 62
ditch 63
green 59
swamp 62
western 63
yellow 59
Fragaria 143
Americana 144
bracteata 28, 144
glauca 144
pauciflora 144
prolifica 144
vesca Americana 144
Fragile-fern 21, [50
Fragrant sumach 167
three-lobed [167
FRANGULACEAE [168
Franseria discolor [224
Frasera 192
angustifolia [193
speciosa [192
stenosepala 26, [192
FUGITIVAE 44, 46
FUMARIACEAE [126]
FUMITORY FAMILY [126]
Fungi, parasitic 43
saprophytic 43
Gaertneria 224
tomentosa 16, 224
Gaertneria, woolly 225
Gaillardia 245
aristata 15, 19, 245
Gaillardia 13, 27
awned [245
Galingale [79
Galium [220
Aparine Vaillantii [220
boreale 23, 26, [220
flaviflorum 23, 220
triflorum 26, [220
Vaillantii 23, 220
Gaultheria 186
humifusa 186
433]
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets
Myrsinitis
Gaura
coccinea 14,
glabra 14,
parviflora 14, 19,
Gaura
scarlet
small-flowered
smooth
Gayophyte
intermediate
Gayophytum
intermedium 19,
Gentian 39,
American
closed
Bigelow's
Parry's
Romanzof's. .
crag
Fremont's
fringed
bearded
showy
Holm's
low
one-flowered
strict-flowered
GENTIAN FAMILY
Gentiana amarella acuta.
amarella stricta
barbellata. .
kVPM
elegans
Fremontii
monantha
Moseleyi
Parryi
plebeja
Holmii
prostrata A mericana
Romanzovii
strictiflora,
GENTIANACEAE
GENTIANALES
Gentianella dementis
Geoprumnon
succulentum 18,
GERANIACEAE
GERANIALES
Geranium
Bicknellii
Fremontii 19,
Parryi
gracilentum
longipes
Parryi 22,
186
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
178
178
178
178
190
191
191
192
192
191
191
191
190
190
190
191
191
190
190
190
191
190
190
192
190
191
190
190
192
191
191
191
191
191
190
190
191
155
155
162
162
162
162
162
162
162
162'
162'
Pattersonii
Richardsonii 29, 35,
Geranium, feather
GERANIUM FAMILY
Gerardia
Besseyana 15, 43,
Germander
western
Geum
ciliatum
Oregpnense 28, 35,
Rossii humilis
scopulorum 22,
strictum 28,
triflorum
turbinatum
urbanum Oregonense
Gilia
aggregate, attenuate,
attenuata
collina
Brandegeei
Candida 19,
inconspicua
linearis
pinnatifida 19,
sinuata 19,
spicata
Gilia
acute-lobed
foothill
inconspicuous
small-flowered
spiked
wavy-leaved
white
Gill-over-the-ground
Glechoma, see Glecoma.
Glecoma
hederacea 45,
Globe-flower 39,
white
Glycyrrhiza
lepidota
Gnaphalium
palustre 34,
sulphurescens
Wrightii 26,
Goatsbeard, yellow
Gold, mountain
Golden aster 13,
ample-leaved
arid
Baker's
caudate
Cooper's
hairiest. . .
162
162
109
162
215
215
205
205
145
145
145
147
145
145
145
146
146
197
197
197
197
199
197
197
198
197
197
197
197
197
197
197
197
197
197
197
206
206
206:
118'
118
159
159
241
24f
241,
241
255
230
227:
228'
228
228
228
229
227:
INDEX
[434
References to the Flora are in brackets
hispid
leafy
obtuse-leaved ,
resinous
villous.. .
Golden currant, long-flowered..
Golden glow
Golden rod 13,31,
common
decumbent
dwarf
dwarf
harsh-leaved
hoary
many-leaved
Missouri, stout
mountain loving
open-topped
pale
Pitcher's
prettiest
smoothest
stiff, hoary
three-nerved
viscid
yellowish-gray
Gooseberry 29,
Purpus's
valley
GOOSEBERRY FAMILY
Goosefoot
Fremont's
hoary
maple-leaved
narrow-leaved
oblong-leaved
red ,
white
GOOSEFOOT FAMILY
GOURD FAMILY
Grama-grass
common
prairie
Grape 21,
Boulder
river-bank
GRAPE FAMILY
Grape-fern, Virginia.. . .
228
228:
228:
228'
228
140
242
230
231
230
230
232
232
232
231
231
230
230
231
231
232
231
232
232
231
231
139
139
139
139
108
109
109
109
108
108
109
109
108
222
[67
[67
[67
169
169
169
169
[49
Grapes, Oregon [125
Grass. .6, 10, 12, 27, 34, 39, 40,
barnyard
beard [57],
bent. .
blue [69], [70],
blue-eyed 34,
bristle
brome.. .
broom 13, 57
buffalo 13, [67], 68'
bunch 20,57, 74:
bur 59'
canary 59
catchfly 59
cockspur 58
cord 66
crab [57], 66
cut 59
cyper 79
dropseed 61
Eaton 68
fescue 73
finger 57
grama 67
hair [64], 65
holy 60
Indian 57
lyme 78
manna 72
marsh 66
meadow 14, 69
melic 69
mesquit 13, 67
Munro's 68
oat 66
orchard 68
panic [57], 58
pepper [127
penny [127
porcupine 13, [60
poverty [60
prairie [68
quack [76
reed [63], 64
rush [61], [62
rye 75
salt 69
salt meadow 73
skunk 68
spear 69
spike 69
squirrel-tail 77
stink 68
switch 58
triple-awned 60
turkey-foot 13, 57
wheat 76
whitlow [132
witch [57
GRASS FAMILY F57
Grass-fern [51
Grass of Parnassus 139
fimbriate 139
GRASS OF PARNASSUS FAMILY.. 139
Cratiola.. 214
435]
INDEX
287
References to the Flora are in brackets
Virginiana 11,
Great blue lobelia, Louisiana.. .
Greek valerian
Brandegee's
purple
stout
yellow
GREENBRIER FAMILY
Green milkweed
common
narrow leaved
Grindelia
Eldorae 36,
erecta
perennis 15,
serrulata 15,
serrulata X perennis
subalpina 36,
Texana
GROSSULARIACEAE
Gromwell
false
Ground cherry
clammy
hairy
long-leaved
prairie
purple
round-leaved
lobed
Virginia
Ground ivy
Ground nut
Boulder
Ground plum
succulent
Groundsel 31,
admirable
alpine
bashful
blite
broom-like
Columbian
Fendler's
green-flowered
Hall's
Harbour's
Hooker's
lapathus-leaved
leafy
many-headed
perplexing
Pursh's
ragweed-like
Riddell's
thickish
triangular-leaved
214
223
198
199
199
198
198
[94
194
194
194
226
227
227
227
226
227
227
226
139
203
204
208
209
209
208
208
209
209
209
209
206
161
161
155
155
249
250
249
249
249
253
250]
251
249
249
251
250
250
251
253
250
251
253
253
250
249
turnip-leaved
water-loving
Gum plant
Eldora
erect
perennial
serrulate
subalpine
Texan
Gumweed 13,
GUNNERA FAMILY
GUNNERACEAE
Gutierrezia
longifolia 16, 19,
scoparia 16, 19,
Gutierrezia, broom
long-leaved
Gymnolomia
multiflora 29,
Gymnolomia, many-flowered. .
250
250
226
227:
227:
227
226
227
226
[44
181
181
226
226
226
226
226
241
241
241
[96
Gyrostachys stricta.
Habenaria Unalaschensis [96
Hackberry 20, [103
veiny-leaved [103
Hair grass [64], [65
tufted [65
.11,
Halerpestes
Cymbalaria
Halictus galpinsiae.. .
Harbouria
trachypleura 25,
Harbour's hemlock
rough-ribbed
Harebell
Arctic
Parry's
Haw 20, 21,
Cerro
Colorado
false
Dodd's
western
Hawthorne
Hawk's-beard
alpine
glaucescent
narrow-leaved
perplexing
petioled
runcinate
toothed
western
Hawkweed
Fendler's
slender
white-flowered
Hazel 21,27,
124
124
180
182
182
182
182
222
222
222
[28
151
150
151
151
150]
150
256
257
256
257
256
256
256
256
257
257
257
257
257
102
288
INDEX
[436
References to the Flora are in brackets
long-beaked 21,
HAZEL FAMILY
Hazelnut, beaked
Heal-all
HEATH FAMILY
Hedeoma
hispida 16,
HEDERACEAE
Hedge hyssop
clammy
Hedge mustard
common
Hedge nettle
crag
Helenium
montanum 12,
Helianthella
quinquenervis 37,
Helianthus
fascicularia
giganteus Utahensis
grosse-serratus 15,
lenticularis 15,
cpronatus
petiolaris 16, 45,
phenax
pumilus 16,
subrhomboideus 19,
Utahensis
Hemlock, Harbour's
water
Hemlock parsley
Rocky Mountain
Hemp, Indian
HEMP FAMILY
Heracleum
lanatum 23,29,
Hesperaster strictus
Heteranthera
limosa 11,
Heuchera
bracteata 30,
Hallii 42,
parvifolia 22,42,
Hieracium
albiflorum 26, 32,
Fendleri 26,
gracile 40,
Hierochloe
borealis
odorata
High ridge flora
Hoarhound, water
Hoary cress
Holly barberry
Hollyhock
common...
[28
102
102
206
186
207
207
181
214
214
130
130
206
206
245
245
243
243
242
243
243
243
242
246
243
243
243
243
243
182
182
[184
184
193
102
184
184
173
[88
[88
137
137
137
137
257
257
257^
257:
60
60
37
208
127
125
170
170
Holodiscus
dumosus
Homalobus
campestris
decumbens
flexuosus
Salidae 14,
tenellus 25,35,
Homalocenchrus. . .
.25,
147
147
157
157
157
157
158
157
[59
oryzoides 11, [59
Honeysuckle, fly 222
HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 220
Hop 102
New Mexico 102
Hordeum 77
jubatum 14, 77
pusillum 15, 77
sativum hexastichon 46, 77
Hornwort 10, 118
common 118
HORNWORT FAMILY 118
Horse-cane [224
Horsemint [207
pectinate 207
Ramaley's 207
Horse radish 130
common 130
Horsetail 52
field 52
HORSETAIL FAMILY 52
Horseweed 239
common 239
dwarf 239
Hudsonian vegetation 9, [32
.23,
HTJMIDAE 13
Humulus
Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus.22,
HYDRANGEA FAMILY
HYDRANGEACEAE
HYDROLEA FAMILY
HYDROLEACEAE \ .
Hydrophyllum
Fendleri
occidentals Fendleri
HYPERICACEAE
HYPERICALES
Hypericum
Canadense majus
formosum
majus 11
Hyssop, hedge
Ibidium [96
Romanzoffianum strict-
urn 28,33, [96
Indian breadroot [160
few-flowered [160
silver-leaf [160
[14
102
102
139
139
199
199
199
199
199
171
171
171
171
171
171
214
437]
INDEX
289
References to the Flora are in brackets
Indian currant, huckleberry. . . [221
mountain [221
Indian grass [57
nodding [57
Indian hemp 193
St. Johnswort 193
Indian pink 215
INDIAN PIPE FAMILY 185
Innocence 211
Introduction '.
lonidium lineare [172
Ipomoea purpurea [195
Iris [95
Missouriensis 11,
Iva
axillaris 12, 17,45,
xanthifolia ....... 12, 43, 45,
Ivy, ground .................
poison ....................
IVY FAMILY .................
IXIA FAMILY ................
IXIACEAE ...................
Jacob's ladder ...............
delicate .......... .........
fairest ....................
soft ......................
JACOB'S LADDER FAMILY ......
Jamesia Americana ..........
Jamesia ................. 29,
American .................
erusalem oak ...............
imson weed ................
oe-Pye weed, spotted ........
UNCACEAE .................
uncoides ...................
parviflorum ............. 28,
melanocarpum ..........
subcongestum ...........
spicatum ............... 39,
Juncus .....................
Arizonicus .............. 14,
Balticus montanus ..... 11,28,
bufonius ..................
castaneus ................ 41,
confusus ............... 14,
Drummondii ............ 39,
Dudleyi ....... ......... 14,
interior ................ 14,
longistylis ........... 11,35,
marginatus ............. 11,
Mertensianus ..............
nodosus ................ 11,
parous ................. 35,
Saximontanus ........ 33, 35,
Torreyi ................. 11,
triglumis ............... 41,
Juneberry ................ 20,
[95
224
224
224
206
167
181
[95
[95
198
198
198
198
196
139
139
139
109
210
225
88
90
33
90
91
91
88
89
88
89
90
89
89
89
89
89
89
90
90
90
90
90
90
29
elliptical-leaved [150]
many-fruited [150]
Juniper [54]
low 20
mountain [54;
JUNIPER FAMILY [54;
JUNIPERACEAE 54
scopulorum 54
Sibirica 20, [54
Kale, sea Ill
Kalmia 186;
glauca microphylla 186;
microphylla 39, 186
Knotweed 106
box-like 106
bushy 106
Douglas's 106
branched 106
Engelmann's 106
erect 106
one-leaved 106
Saguache 106
Watson's 106
KNOTWEED FAMILY 104
Koeleria 68
cristata 14,18,27, 68
nitida 68
Koniga [132
maritima 46, [132
Krummholtz 38, 39, [40
Krynitzkia crassisepala 201
Jamesii 201
Pattersonii 201
virgata 201
Kuhnia 225
eupatorioides corymbulosa.. . . 225
glutinosa 16, 225
Gooddingii 225
Hitchcockii 16, 225
Kuhnia, Goodding's 225
Hitchcock's 225
sticky 225
Kuhnistera oligophylla 160
purpurea 160
Kunzia 147
tridentata 147
Laciniaria , . 226
ligulistylis 26, 226
punctata 16, 226
Lactuca 258
Canadensis 259
integrata 45, 259
Ludoviciana 259
pulchella 12, 259
spicata 12, 259
LACUSTRES 31, [34
Lacustrine flora . . [37
290
INDEX
[438
References to the Flora are in brackets
Ladies' tresses [96
narrow-spiked [96
Lady's thumb 107
common 107
dock-leaved 107
Muhlenberg's 107
Lambkill 186
Lamb's quarters 108
LAMIACEAE 205
Lappula 200
angustata 26, 200
cupulata 16. 200
floribunda 26, 200
occidentalis 16, 200
Larkspur 34, 119
Barbey's 120
garden 120
Nelson's 120
Penard's 120
plains 120
western 120
Lathyrus 161
leucanthus 21, 25, 161
Laurel, swamp 186
Lavauxia 179
brachycarpa 179
Lead plant 159
Leather flower 121
Jones's 121
woolly 121
Leersia oryzoides 59
Lemna 87
gibba 10, 87
minor 10, 87
LEMNACEAE 87
Leonurus 206
Cardiaca 45, 206
Lepargyraea 175
Canadensis 25, 175;
Lepidium 127
divergens 127
Draba 127;
medium 127;
Leptasea 138;
austromontana. . . . ...36, 42, 138
chrysantha 42, 138:
flagellaris 42, 138'
Hirculus 138^
Leptilon 239
Canadense 45, 239;
pusillum 239
Lesquerella 128'
Shearis 128
Lettuce 258'
common blue 259
common wild 259
Louisiana . . 259
prickly [259
showy [259
Lecocrinum [92
montanum [92
Liatris punctata [226
Lichens 29
Ligusticum 183
affine 183
Ported 23,26, 183
scopulorum 184
LILIACEAE [92
LlLIALES [88
Lilium [92
Philadelphicum montan-
um 28, 92
Lily 92
Mariposa 17,18,27, 94
mountain 27, 92
pond 34, [125
sand 92
LILY FAMILY 92
LlLY-OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY. . 93
Limnorchis 95
borealis 33, 96
laxiflora 22,28, 96
stricta 33, 95
viridiflora 22,28, 95
Limose society 10
Limosella 214
aquatica 10,34, 214
LlNACEAE 163
Linanthus 196
Harknessii 196
Linanthus, Harkness' 196
Linaria 211
Canadensis 20, 211
Linnaea 221
Americana 26, 221
Linum 163
Lewisii 15,19, 163
perenne Lewisii 163
pratense 163
Lip-fern [51
Fendler's [5i;
woolly [51
Lippia cuneifolia [205
Liquorice, wild [159
Lister a borealis [96
nephrophylla [96
Lithospermum
albescens
an gusti folium. . . .
breviflorum
canescens
linearifolium
Little red elephant.
Greeland .
.16,
.14.
203
203
203
203
203
203
218
218
439]
INDEX
29I
References to the Flora are in brackets
Liverwort... 27
41,
Lloydia
serotina
Lloydia, late
LOASA FAMILY
LOASACEAE
Lobelia
syphilitica Ludoviciana. . 12,
Lobelia
Louisiana great blue
LOBELIA FAMILY
LOBELIACEAE
Loco- weed 13, 34,
broad-leaved
cespitose
deflexed
Lambert's
little
Richardson's
silky
Lolium
Italicum 44,
Lomatium Grayi
Long-headed coneflower
brown
Looking-glass, Venus's
Loosestrife [176],
fringed
winged
LORANTHACEAE
Lousewort 34,
crag
Gray's . . .
Parry's
racemose
Lovage
Porter's
Lower Transition vegetation . .
Lucerne
Lungwort
alpine
greenish
hairy
lance-leaved
linear-leaved
perplexing
pleasant
small-flowered
Lupine 13,
alpine
decumbent
silvery
Platte
red-stemmed
small-flowered
Lupinus
alpestres...
[92
[92
[92
173
173
223
223
223
223
223
223
158
158
158
158
159
158
159
159
75
75
184
242
242
223
188
188
176
103
218
218
218
218
218
183
183
9
154
202
202
202
203
202
202
203
202
203
153
153
153
154
153
153
153
153
153
alsophilus 153;
argenteus decumbens 153
decumbens, 14, 18, 153
argentatus 14, 154
leptostachys 153
parviflorus 153
Plattensis 18, 153
rubricaulis 153
Luzula melanocarpus 90
spadicea subcongesta 91
spicata 91
Lychnis 117
Drummondii 18, 117
Lycium 210
vulgare 46, 210
Lycopersicum, see Lycopersicon
Lycopersicon [210
Lycopersicum 46, [210
LYCOPODIACEAE [52
LYCOPODIALES 52
Lycopodium 52
annotinum 39, 52
Lycopsis 204
arvensis 46, 204
Lycopus 208
Americanus 11, 208
Europeus sinuatus 208
lucidus 11, 208
sinuatus 208
Lycurus [62
phleoides [62
Lygodesmia.
grandiflora
juncea
Lygodesmia, large-flowered
rush-like
Lyme grass
ambiguous
smooth
strigose
villous
LYTHRACEAE
Lythrum
alatum 11,
Machaeranthera
aspera 26,
Bigelovii 26,
coronopifolia
Pattersonii
varians
Macrocalyx 23,
Nyctelea 23,
Macronema pygmaeum
MADDER FAMILY
Madwort
Mahogany, mountain
MALACEAE.. .
256
256
256
256
256
78
79
79
79
79
176
176
176
235
235
235
235
235
235
199
199
230
220
132
147
150
292
INDEX
[440
References to the Flora are in brackets [ ~\
Male-fern [49;
Mallow 170
false 170
scarlet 170
round-leaved 170
western 170
white 170;
MALLOW FAMILY [170
Malva 170;
rotundifolia 45, 170
MALVACEAE 170
MAL VALES 170
Malvastrum 170
dissectum 14, 170
Manna-grass 72
floating, northern 73
Holm's [73;
nerved 72
Maple 21, [167
.17,18,27,
dwarf
smooth
three-leaved.
MAPLE FAMILY
Marigold, bur.
fetid
marsh
Mariposa lily.. .
Gunnison's
MARIPOSA LILY FAMILY
Marsh cress, blunt-leaved
curved-podded
hairy
Marsh-elder
burweed
small-flowered
Marsh grass, tall
Marsh marigold
white
Mary, little blue-eyed
Matrimony vine
common
Mayweed
common
Meadow-grass 13,
alpine
bunch
crag
fair-hued
flexuous
fowl
inland
long-ligulate [72
21
167
167
167
244
246
118
94
94
94
129
129
129
224
224
224
[66
118
118
211
210
210
246
246
69
71
72
71
70
70
70
71
long-pedunculate .
mountain.. ,
Patterson's
prairie
reflexed...
72
70
71
.72
[70
reed
rough
rush-leaved. . . .
salt
smooth-glumed.
Vasey's
western
Wheeler's
wood
Meadow-rue
Fendler's
purplish
Meadowsweet. . . .
bushy
Medic
hop
Medica..
44,
sativa. .
Medicago.
lupulina 45,
sativa
MELANTHACEAE
Melica
bella 25,
bulbosa
Melic-grass
bulbous
Melilot
yellow
Melilotus
alba.... 45,
officinalis 45,
73
69
72
72
70
71
70
71
71
125
125
125
147
147
155
155
154
154
155
155
154
[88
69
69
69
69
69
155
155
155
155
155
MENSALES 9, [17
Mentha 208
arvensis Penardi 208
Penardi 11, 208
spicata 11,45, 208
viridis 208
Mentzelia albicaulis 174
albicaulis integrifolia 174
decapetala 173
dispersa 174
multiflora 173
nuda 173
ornata [173], 174
speciosa 173
Mentzelia [174
broad-leaved 174
entire-leaved 174
white-stemmed 174
Merathrepta 66
California 66
intermedia 33, 66
spicata 15, 66
Meriolix [180
serrulata 19, [180
Mertensia [202
44i]
INDEX.
293
References to the Flora are in brackets
alpina 42,
amoena
lanceolata 19, 23, 29,
lateriflora
linearis 19,
micrantha
perplexa 42,
polyphylla 37, 42,
punctata 29,
Secundorum
viridula 29,
Mesa flora 9\
Mesa canon society 18, 21,
Mesa meadow society 17,
Mesquit-grass 13,
common
hairy
tall
Mexican poppy
Micrampelis
lobata.. . .
Micranthes.
arguta 33,37,39,
rhomboidea 39, 42,
Microsteris
micrantha
Microsteris, small-flowered.. . .
Milfoil, water 10,
. ..45,
202
202
202
202
202
203
203
202
202
203
202
17
28
18
67
67
67
67
13
222
222
137
138
137
196
196
196
181
Milk vetch 34, [155
alpine.
bushy
Canada
decumbent.. . .
Drummond's.
flexile
mountain
Parry's
plains
pretty.
156
156
155
157
156
157
155
157
157
.156
purple 156
Salida..
shining
Short's
slender
sulphur
three-fingered
Milkweed
dwarf
green
short-crowned
showy
swamp
MILKWEED FAMILY.. .
158
156
157
157
156
158
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
Millet, Italian [59
213
214
213
Mimulus
floribundus 11,29,
Geyeri 11,
23,
213
213
213
213
213
213
208
208
103
103
136
137
137
137
113
113
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
185
185
213
213
213
213
213
214
213
120
120
120
120
.120
MONOCOTYLEDONES.. . . [55
110
no
no
no
185
30
32
31
37
34
34
34
35
36
31
37
Hallii
Jamesii
Langsdorfii 37,
minor
minor
puberulus 34,37,
Mint
Penard's
Mistletoe, small
MISTLETOE FAMILY
Mitella pentandra
stenopetala
Mitre-wort
narrow-petalled
Mollugo.
verticillata 45,
Monarda
menthaefolia 26,
mollis 26,
Nuttallii
pectinata 16,
Ramaleyi
stricta
Moneses
uniflora
Monkey-flower
Geyer's
Hall's
Langsdorf's
small
many-flowered
puberulent
Monkshood 34,
Columbia
ochroleucous
porrect
showy.
Monolepis.
chenopodioides
Nuttalliana
Monolepis, Nuttall's
MONOTROPACEAE.
MONTANAE 9,
Montane bog association . .31,
Montane flora 9, 30,
Montane forest 31, 36,
Montane lake association. .31,
Montane marginal vegetation..
Montane meadow 31,
Montane rupestrine society.. . .
Montane stream ass'n 31,
Montane subzone
Montane sylva 31,
Moonwort [49
Morning glory [195
common [195
294
INDEX
[442
References to the Flora are in brackets
MORNING GLORY FAMILY [195]
Moschatel [222]
MOSCHATEL FAMILY [222]
Mosses 27
Motherwort
common
Mountain ash
Rocky Mountain
Mountain avens
purple
three-flowered
turbinate
white
yellow
Arapahoe
Mountain caraway
obovate-leaved
stemless
Mountain daisy
hoary
Mountain forget-me-not ....
silvery
Mountain gold
Parry's
Mountain mahogany 20,
small-leaved
Mountain nut
James's
pulvinate
virgate __
Mountain rice [61
silky [61
small-flowered [61
206
206
151
151
145
145
145
146
147
146
146
182
182
183
239
239
201
201
230
230
147
147
201
201
201
201
Mountain sorrel.
Mouse-ear chickweed..
western
Mouse tail «.
beaked. .
105
115
115
122
,122
Mud plantain [88
limose [88
Mudwort [214
214
246
247
246
61
61
62
61
62
[61
61
62
aquatic 34,
Mugwort
alpine
prairie
Muhlenbergia
cuspidata 15,
filiformis 33,
glomerata
gracilis 25,
racemosa 11,
Richardsoni 35,
simplex 33,35,
Mullen [211
common [211
moth [211
Munroa [68
squarrosa 15, [68
Munro's grass [68
Musineon 183
divaricatum 183
Musineon, leafy 183
Muskroot 222
Musquash root, western 182
Mustard 131
black 131
hedge 130
Indian 131
tansy 130
treacle 130
MUSTARD FAMILY 127
Myagrum sativum 128
Myagrum 128
Myosurus 122
apetalus 122
aristatus 122
Myriophyllum 181
spicatum 10, 181
MYRTALES 176
Nannyberry 221
Nasturtium 128
Armoracia 130
calycinum [129
hispidum 129
Nasturtium-aquaticum...!!, 128
obtusum 129
officinale 128
sinuatum 129
Negundo acer aides 168
Negundo 168
Nemexia [94
herbacea melica , . [94
lasioneuron 22,
Nepeta
Cataria
Glechoma
Nettle
dead
hedge
slender
NETTLE FAMILY .
Nettle spurge. . .
branching
New Jersey tea.
Fendler's
hairy
silkish
varnished..
[94
206
206
206
102
205
206
102
102
164
164
168
168
168
168
168
NEW ZEALAND SPINACH FAMiLY[113
Nicotiana.
attenuata
Nightshade. . . .
bur, common.
enchanter's . .
210
210
209
209
180
443]
INDEX
295
References to the Flora are In brackets
inland
three-flowered
villous
NIGHTSHADE FAMILY
Nine-barks... ..21.
glabrous
intermediate.
Ramaley's
Torrey's
Nodding violet
narrow-leaved -. . .
Nothocalais
cuspidata
Nuphar polysepalum
Nuttallia
decapetala
multiflora
nuda
sinuata
speciosa
stricta
Nyctelea
Nymphaea /
polysepala 34,
Oat
common
false
purple
wild
Oat-grass, wild
Odostemon
aquifolium
repens. . 25,
Oenothera
albicaulis
biennis hirsutissima
strigosa
brachycarpa
coronopifolia
Hookeri.*
montana
Nuttattii
pinnatifida
serrulata
strigosa 14,
Oligoneuron [232
canescens 15, [232
Onagra Hookeri [178
strigosa [178
Onion [91
wild [91], [92
ONION FAMILY [91
Onosmodium [204
occidentale 14, [204
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE [49
OPHIOGLOSSALES [49
Ophrys [96
210
209
210
208
140
140
140
140
140
172
172
257
257
125
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
199
125
125
65
65
65
65
65
66
125
125
125
178
178
178
178
179
179
178
179
179
178
180]
1781
Opulaster
bracteatus
glabratus 28,
intermedius. 22, 28,
Missouriensis
monogynus 28,
Ramaleyi 20,28,
Opuntia
fragilis 19,
Greenei 19,
humifusus
mesacantha 19,
Greenei
polyacantha 19,
Rafinesquii
rhodantha 19,
OPUNTIALES
Orache
fleshy
garden
silvery
western
Orchard grass
common
ORCHIDACEAE
ORCHIDALES
Orchids
bog 21,
Orchis, bog. . .
Piper's
ORCHIS FAMILY
Oregon grapes
creeping
Oreobatus
deliciosus 20,22,25,30,
Oreobroma
pygmaea 41,
Oreocarya
pulvinata
suffruticosa
virgata 19,
Oreochrysum
Parryi 26,32,
OROBANCHACEAE
Orophaca
tridactylica
Orpine 29,
narrow-petalled
ORPINE FAMILY
Orthocarpus
luteus 16,
Orthocarpus, yellow
Oryzopsis [61
cuspidata [61
296
INDEX
[444
References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1
micrantha 25, [61
Osmorrhiza 182
longistylis 23, 182
obtusa 23, 182
OXALIDACEAE 163
Oxalis stricta 163
Oxeye daisy 246
common 246
Oxypolis 183
Fendleri 33,37, 183
Oxyria 105
digyna 41, 105
Oxytropis deflexa 158
Lamberti 159
multiceps 158
minor 158
sericea 159
splendens Richardsonii 159
Oyster plant 255
Ozomelis 137
stenopetala 137
Pachylobus 179
hirsutus 179
macroglottis 179
montanus 179
Paint brush 215
Painted cup 18,27, 215
Arapahoe 216
cockscomb 216
confused 216
entire-leaved 216
lance-leaved 216
Rhexia-leaved 216
subentire 216
sulphur 216
toad-flax-leaved 215
filiform 215
western 216
yellow 216
PALUDOSAE 31 32
Paludose society 10
PALUSTRES 10
Palustrous flora 10, 37
PANDANALES 55
Panic-grass 57
Scribner's 58
Tennessee 58
Panicularia 72
Americana 11, 73
borealis 11, 73
Holmii 28, 73
nervata 11,28, 72
Panicum 57
capillare 44, 57
agreste 58
occidentale 58
Crus-galli 57
sanguinale
scoparium
Scribnerianum
Tennesseense
virgatum 14,
Papaver
Argemone . 46,
PAPAVERACEAE
PAPAVERALES . .
57
58
58
58
58
126
126
126
126
Parasitic plants 43
PARASITICALES 43
Parasites 43
102
102
102
139
139
139
139
112
112
112
184
184
184
181
Parietaria
obtusa 22,
Pennsylvanica 22, 30,
Parnassia
fimbriata 33,37,
PARNASSIACEAE
Parnassus, grass of
Paronychia
Jamesii 15,
pulvinata 41,
Parsley
Gray's
hemlock
PARSLEY FAMILY...
Parsley-fern [50
rock
Parsnip
common
cow
water
Parthenocissus vitacea
Pasque flower
American
pink
Pastinaca
sativa 45,
PEACH FAMILY
Pear, prickly ,.
Peraly everlasting
false
subalpine
Pedicularia
Grayi 32, 35,
Parryi 40,
procera
racemosa 32,
scopulorum 42,
Pectianthia
pentandra 33, 34, 37,
Pellitory
obtuse-leaved
Pennsylvania
Penny grass
Colorado
field
50
184
184
184
183
169
121
121
121
184
184
151
175
241
241
241
218
218
218
218
218
218
136
136
102
102
102
127
127
127
445]
INDEX
297
References to the Flora are in brackets \
Nuttall's
purplish
Pennyroyal
hispid
Pentstemon
alpinus 26,31,
erosus
glaber alpinus
glaucus
stenosepalus 42,
gracilis 19,26,
humilis 16, 19,26,
oreophilus 26, 32,
procerus
riparius
Rydbergii
secundiflorus 16, 19,
unilateralis 15, 19,
Pepper grass
divergent
medium. .
127
127
207
207
211
212
212
212
212
[212
212
212
211
213
212
212
212
212
127
127
.127;
Peramium [97
ophioides 25, [97
Peritoma 135;
serrulatum 135
albiflorum 135;
Persicaria 107
107
107:
107
107:
169
169
170
160
160
160
160
160
160
248
248
156
156
199
199
199
199
200
200
199
199
200
200
199
Phalaris.. / [59
emersa.
11,
lapathifolia 11,
Persjcaria 44,
punctata 11,
Pesedera
quinquefolia
vitacea 12,22, 169,
Petalostemon
gracilis oligophyllus
oligophyllus 14,
pubescens 14,
purpureus 14,
violaceus
Petasites
sagittata
Phaca elegans
flexuosa
Phacelia
glandulosa 36,
heterophylla 19,
leucophylla
Neo-Mexicana alba
sericea
Phacelia
glandular 36,
New Mexican, white
silky
various-leaved
arundinacea
[59
11, [59
Pharbitis
hispida
purpurea 46,
Phleum
alpinum 33,35,
pratense 44,
Phlox
depressa 26,
longifolia
multiflora
depressa
Phlox
long-leaved
low
many-flowered
Phragmites
communis
Phragmites 21, 22,
Phyla
cuneifolia 11,
Physalis
comata
heterophylla 45,
lanceojata 14,
laevigata
lobata
longifolia
rotundata 16,
Virginiana 15, 45,
Physaria
didymocarpa 30,
floribunda. 30,
Physiography
Picea
Engelmannii. .24, 31, 36, 37,
Parryana 25, 31,
pungens
PlCKERELL-WEED FAMILY
Picradeniopsis
oppositifolia
Pigweed [108],
common
Powell's
prostrate
rough
white
winged
Pin-clover
PlNACEAE
FINALES
Pine 24, 31,
bull 20,24,25, 31,43,
Cembra
lodgepole .. .30, 31,43,
Rocky Mountain white . . 31,
PINE FAMILY. .
1
53
53
53
53
88
244
244
111
108
111
111
111
112
110
163
53
53
53
52
53
53
53
53
298
INDEX
[446
References to the Flora are in brackets
219
117
117
PlNGUICULACEAE
Pink, Drummond's
PINK FAMILY
Pinus [53
contorta Murrayana. . . [53], [103
flexilis 53
Murrayana 24,25,31, 53
ponderosa scopulorum 53
scopulorum 20,24,25,31,[53], [103
Piperia 96
Unalaschensis 2, 25, 96
Piper's orchis 96
Alaskan 96
Pipsissewa [185
umbellate [185
Plains flora 9, 10
PLANTAGINACEAE 219
PLANTAGINALES 219
Plantago 219
lanceolata 45, 219
major 45, 219
Patagonicagnaphalioides.. . . 219
Purshii 16, 219
Plantain 219
common 219
English 219
mud [88
Pursh's [219
rattlesnake [97
PLANTAIN FAMILY.
Pleurogyne
fontana 34,
rotata tenuifolia
Pleurogyne, fountain
Plum... 20,
American wild.. .
219
192
192
192
192
151
151
151
28
American [151
pygmy
wild.. .
Poa
alpicola 39,
alpina 37,39,
andina
annua 44,
caesia strictior
callichroa
cenisia
compressa 44,
confusa 15, 18,
crocata 15,27,41,
flexuosa
interior 14, 18,35,
juncifolia 15, 18,
laxa
leptocoma 35, 39,
longiligula .27,
longipedunculata .27, 32, 40,
occidentalis
Pattersonii 40,
platyphylla 27,37,
pratensis 14, 35, 44,
pratericola
pseudopratensis 14, 18,
reflexa 32,35,39,
rupestris
rupicola 40,
serotina
triflora 11, 14, 18,28,
trivialis 44,
Vaseyana 33, 35,
Wheeled.. .
POACEAE
POALES
Poinsettia .................. [166
cuphosperma .............. [166
dentata ................ 14, [166
Poison camass ............... [88
falcate ...................
Poison ivy ..................
Rydberg's ................
Polanisia ...................
trachysperma .............
POLEMONIACEAE .............
POLEMONIALES ..............
Polemonium ................
Brandegeei ............. 42,
confertum ................
mellitum ................
delicatum .............. 42,
mellitum .................
molle .....................
pulcherrimum ..............
robustum ............. 37,
scopulinum ...............
POLYGONACEAE ..............
POLYGONALES ...............
Polygonum .................
acre ......................
aviculare .............. 44,
Bis tor ta oblongifolium .......
buxiforme ............. 16,
confertiflorum .......... 33,
consimile .................
Colvolvulus ................
Douglasii .............. 18,
consimile ...............
emersum ..................
Engelmannii ..............
erectum. . ............. 44,
lapathifolium ..............
Muhlenbergii .............
Persicaria .................
punctatum ...............
ramosissimum. ........
[
[88
167
167
135
135
196
195
198
199
199
198
198
198
198
198
198;
42
104
104
106
107
106
108
106
106
107
108
107
107
107
106
106
107
107
107
107
106
447]
INDEX
299
References to the Flora are in brackets \ ~\
Sawatchense 106
tenue microspermum 106
unifolium 106
viviparum 108
Watsonii 106
POLYPODIACEAE 49
Polypodium 49
hesperium 29, 49
vulgare [49
Polypody 49
western.. 49
Polypogon 63
Monspeliensis 63
Pomme blanche [160
Pond lily, yellow 34, [125
Pondweed 10,
alpine
fennel-leaved.
long-leaved 55
leafy 56
spiral 56
various-leaved 56
PONDWEED FAMILY 55
PONTEDERIACEAE
Poplar 98
balsam 98
Poppy [126
Mexican 13
prickly... [126
rough-fruited [126
POPPY FAMILY, [126
Populus
acuminata 12, 22,
angustifolia.12, 22, 24, 28, 37
aurea
balsamifera. 37,
deltoides occidentalis
occidentalis
Sargentii 12, 22,28,
tremuloides 25, 32, 33,
aurea
Porcupine grass 13,
greenish
Lettermann's
Nelson's
Scribner's
western
Portulaca
oleracea 45,
retusa.
.45,
Potamogeton
alpinus
fluitans
foliosus 10,
heterophyllus 10,
lonchites 10,
pauciflorus 56
pectinatus 10, [56
rufescens [56
Spirillus 10, 56
Potentilla 142
arguta 144
concinna 32, 142
dissecta 42, 142
glaucophylla 142
diversifolia 142
effusa 18, 143
fissa 145
fruticosa 144
glaucophylla 142
Hippiana 14,25,35, 143
diffusa 143
humifusa 142
lateriflora 142
leucocarpa 142
minutifolia 143
Monspeliensis 142
Norvegica hirsuta 142
paradoxa 141
Pennsylvanicaarachnoidea. 143
strigosa 22, 143
propinqua 35, 143
pulcherrima 35, 143
Poverty-grass, bushy [60
long-awned [60
Prairie clover [160
slender white [160
violet 160
hairy , 160
Prairie flora 12"
Prairie-grass [68]
PRATENSES 17,18,24,27,31, 34
Prickly cereus.,
green-flowered.
Prickly pear ....
brittle
Greene's
many-sided. . .
red-flowered...
western
Prickly poppy.. .
hairy
white
Primrose . .
evening
Delavaux'...
scapose
tooth-leaved
white
narrow-leaved
Parry's 39,
rock
PRIMROSE FAMILY.. .
174
174:
175:
175'
175:
175:
175
175:
126
126
126
187
178
179|
179
180
178
187
187
188
187
300
INDEX
[448
References to the Flora are in brackets
Primula. . .
angustifolia 42,
Parryi 37,39,42,
PRIMULACEAE
PRIMULALES . .
Prunella
vulgaris 11, 26,
Prunus
Americana 20, 22,
Besseyi
melanocarpa 23, 29, 30,
206
206
151
151
152
152
Pennsylvanica 22, 29, [152
prunella,
Watsoni
Pseudocymopterus. . . .
montanus multifidus .
multifidus
sylvaticus.. .
151
152
185
185
185
185
tenuifolius 39
Pseudotsuga 24, 54
Douglasii 54
mucronata 25,31, 54
Psoralea [160
argophylla 14, 18, [160
tenuiflora 14, 15, 18, [160
Psoralea 13
Pteridium
aquilinum pubescens. . . . 25,
PTERIDOPHYTA
Pterospora
Andromedea 26, 43,
Ptiloria
pauciflora
ramosa
Ptiloria, branching
few-flowered
Puccinellia
airoides 16,
Puccoon
hoary
narrow-leaved
short-flowered
Pulsatilla
hirsutissima 18,
rosea
Purple false foxglove
Bessey's
Purple ground cherry
lobed
Purshia tridentata
Purshia
three-toothed
Purslane /1 14
common [114
retuse-leaved [114
PURSLANE FAMILY [113
50
50
49
185
185
255
255
255
255
255
73
73
203
203
203
203
121
121
121
215
215
209
209
147
147
147
Pussley
Pyrola
rotundifolia uliginosa
secunda 26,
uliginosa 26,
uniflora
PYROLACEAE
Pyrrocoma
crocea
Pyrrocoma, yellow
Buack grass, false
uincula
lobata 16,
Rabbit-brush 13,
fairest
fasciculate
handsome
heavy-scented
Parry's
Radicula
calycina 11,
curvipes
hispida 11,
obtusa
sinuata
Radish
garden
Ragweed
common
entire-leaved
great
western
RAGWEED FAMILY
Rainfall
RANALES
RANUNCULACEAE
Ranunculus
abortivus 22,28,
adoneus 41,
affinis
cardiophyllus
micropetalus
alpeophilus 39,
cardiophyllus 33,
Cymbalaria
ellipticus
eremogenes
Flammula reptans
inamoenus 33, 37,
Macounii 11,
micranthus
micropetalus 33, 37,
Nuttallii
pedatifidus 33,39,
reptans 28,37, [122]
sceleratus eremogenes. . .11, [124]
Raphanus [131]
449]
INDEX
301
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
sativus 46,
131]
sharp-leaved [
1341
Raspberry, dwarf
141]
snow-loving. j
134]
flowering 29,
141]
Rock desert formation 38
40
savory
141]
Rock primrose 40
188]
red
141
diffuse
188]
wild
141
pine forest
188]
Ratibida
74?
puberlent.
188]
columnaris 15, 19,
747
subumbellate.
188]
pulcherrirna
?4?
Roripa Armofacia
130]
Rattlesnake plantain
[97
calycina. . . .
170]
snake-mouth
[97
curvipes
179]
Razoumofskya
103
hispida
129]
Americana 43,
103
Nasturtium
128]
cryptopoda 43,
103
obtusa .
1?9]
Red cedar, Rocky Mount'n 29,
[54
sinuata. . . .
199]
Red cherry, wild
[57
Rosa
148]
Red elephant.
39
aciculata 29
149
little.
?18]
blanda aciculata
149
Red fir
[54]
Kngelmannii [148]
149
Red raspberry
141]
Fendleri 29
149
wild
141]
Macounii 28,
149
Red-top
[64]
Maximiliani. 29,
150
Reed
67]
melina ... . 30,
149
bur
55]
Nutkana
149
common.
67]
pratincola 14
148
Reed-grass.
64]
angustiarum
148
wood
63]
setulosa
148
RHAMNALES
168j
Sayi 20 22
14Q
RHINANTHACEAE
?11]
suffulta.
148
Rhodiola
136]
Woodsii
149
integrifolia
136]
ROSACEAE
140
Rhus.
167]
ROSALES
136
cismontana ..
167
Rose 13 29
148
glabra cismontana
167]
ashen
149
Rydbergii
167]
Castle Rock..
148
trilobata .
167]
Kngelmann's ....
149
Ribes
139]
Fendler's
149
aureum.
140]
Macoun's
149
cereum . .
140j
Maximilian's.
150
lacustre molle
139
prairie.
148
lentum
139]
prickly
149
longiflorum 20, 22,
140]
Say's
14Q
parvulum
139
ROSE FAMILY
140
pumilum 20 22 30
140
Rose-root
136
Purpusi 28 30
130
entire-leaved
136
vallicola
139
Rubacer parviflorus. .
141
vulgare 46,
140
RUBIACEAE
??o
Ribgrass
719
RUBIALES
?70
Rice cut-grass.
[59
Rubus .
141
RIMOSAE .. .... 2^
l-i 7C
)
Americanus .
141
RIPARIAE 1(
), V
>
deliciosus ...
141
Riparian flora 10 12 21
3f
Nutkanus
141
Rock-cress
134
triflorus 28
141
divergently podded
13.5
Rudbeckia
747
Fendler's
134
flava. 19 26
?4?
ovate-leaved
134
laciniata 29
?4?
related..
134
RUDERALES . .
44
302
INDEX
[450
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
Rulac
Negundo 12, 22,
Texanum 12, 22,
Rumex
Acetosella 44,
Bakeri
crispus 44,
densiflorus
obtusifolius
44.
occidentalis 1 1,
11,
168
168
168
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
35
37
salicifolius
RUPESTRES
Rupestrine flora ....21,29,
Rush 10,34,39,40,
Arizona 89
Baltic, mountain . . .
chestnut 90
confused 89
Drummond's 89
Dudley's 89
grass-leaved 89
inland 89
knotted 90
long-styled [89
Merten's 90
reddish brown 90
Rocky Mountain 90
scouring 52
spike 80
Torrey's 90
three-flowered 90
toad 89
wood 90
RUSH FAMILY 88
Rush-grass, filiform 62
prairie 61
Richardson's 61
simple 62
Ruta Baga [132
Rydbergia [245
grandiflora 42, [245^
Rydbergia 40
large-flowered [245
Rye, wild.
Rye-grass, Italian.
Sabina
scopulorum 30,
Sage.. 13, [207
Darrens
Britton's
cudweed
diverse-leaved
Forwood's
lance-leaved
rock
Rocky Mountain
Scouler's.. . .
247
247
247
247
246
207
247
247
246
sylvan
white
Sage-brush 5, 34,
common.
246
110
246
246
Sagittaria [56
arifolia 11, [56
St. Johnswort 171
Canadian, larger 171
handsome 171
ST. JOHNSWORT FAMILY 171
SALICACEAE 98
SALICALES 98;
Salix 99;
amygdaloides 12, 99
arctica petraea [100
Bebbiana 28, [100
brachycarpa 33, [100^
caudata 28,37, [99:
chlorophylla 39, [100
exigua 12, [99'
Fendleriana [99:
flavescens [100^
fluviatilis 24
glaucops 33, 39, [100
irrorata [99
lasiandra Fendleriana [99
lutea [99
luteosericea 12, [99
Nuttallii 24, [100
pentandra caudata [99
perrostrata 28, [99
petrophila 41, 100
pseudolapponicum 41, IOC
rostrata 100
Saximontana 41, 101
Scouleriana 33, 36, 100
^ Wolfii [99
Salmon-berry 29, 141
Nutka Sound 141
Salsify [255
Salsola Ill
Tragus 45, [111
Salt-grass [69
Salt meadow-grass [73
slender [73
14,
111
207
Saltwort.
Salvia
lanceolata .
Sambucus.. . .
melanocarpa
microbotrys 26,
SANDAL WOOD FAMILY
Sand-bur [59
Sand cherry, Bessey's [152
Sand lily [92
mountain [92
Sand wort [116
207
220
221
220
103
INDEX
303
References to the Flora are in brackets
Fendler's 116
diffuse 116'
glandular 116
obtuse-leaved 116
Tweedy 's 116
Sanicle 181
Maryland 181
Sanicula 181
Marilandica 21,23, 181
SANTALACEAE 103
SANTALES 103
SAPINDALES 167
Saponaria 118
officinalis 46, 118
Vaccaria 117
Saprophytes 43
Saprophytic plants 43
SAPROPHYTICALES 43
Sarsaparilla, wild [181
Savastana odorata.
Savin
Saxifraga
arguta
austromontana
bronchiales
chrysantha
debilis 39,
denudata
flagellaris
Hirculus
nivalis
punctata
rhomboidea
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifrage 39,
arctic. .
[60
[54;
137
138
138
138
138
137
138
138
138
137
138
137
136
137
138
austromontane 36
138
138
137
138
137
138
40
136
179
179
179
179
66
66
66
57
57
[167
flagellate
golden
rhomboid-leaved
smooth
weak
western mountain
yellow
SAXIFRAGE FAMILY
Scapose evening primrose
hairy
large-throated
mountain
Schedonnardus
paniculatus
Texanus
Schizachyrium
scoparium 15,
Schmaltzia
trilobata 20, [167
Scirpus [79
Americanus 11,
atrovirens pallidus 10,
lacustris 10,
pungens
Scouring rush, smooth
Scrophularia
nodosa occidentalis
occidentalis 26,
Scutellaria
Brittonii 26,
virgulata
galericulata 11,
resinosa
virgulata
Seablite
erect
low
Sea kale
Sedge.. 10,27,34,39,40,
acutish
awl-fruited
beautiful
Beck's
black
blackish
bottle
bracted
bronze-scaled
broom
clustered . .
common..
crag
curved
Dewey's
Douglas'
dry-spiked
ebony
erect
fescue
fox
Geyer's
golden
hair
hare's-foot, western
Hood's....
meadow
mountain-grace
narrow-leaved
obtusish
Pennsylvania, western
pretty
Pyrenaic
rhombic
rock
Sartwell's
silvery
soft-leaved. . ,
79]
80
80
79
52:
211]
211,
211
205
205
205
205
205
205
111
111
111
111
81
84
81
84
86
84
85
82
84
82
82
84
85
83
81
82
83
82
84
83
81
85
85
86
82
81
83
85
83
85
86
s:
85
;84
86
82
81
81
304
INDEX
[452
References to the Flora are in brackets [
Steven's 83
stiff [84
straw 83
false 83
short-beaked [86
variable 85
western 81
winter-loving [84
woolly 86
SEDGE FAMILY [79
Sedum 136
rhodanthum 136
stenopetalum 22, 30, 42, 136
rubrolineatum 136
Seed plants 53
Selaginella 52
densa 52
Engelmannii 52
rupestris Fendleri 52
Underwoodii 30, 52
Selaginella 29
dense
Underwood's
SELAGINELLA FAMILY
SELAGINELLACEAE
Self-heal
common
Senecio 19,26,30,
admirabilis 34,
ambrosioides 32,
atratus 37,42,
aurellus
aureus Balsamitae
borealis
croceus Hallii
Balsamitae
Bigelovii Hallii
blitoides 40,
carthamoides 40,
chloranthus 35,
Columbianus
crassulus 42,
crocatus 42,
cymbalarioides 34,
dimorphophyllus . . . .'
Fendleri 19,26,
lanatus
fililfolius Fremontii
flavovirens
flavulus
Harbourii
heterodoxus
Hookeri
hydrophilus 29,
lanatifolius 32,
lapathifolium
longipetiolatus 30,
52
52
52
52
206
206
249
250
252
251
252
252
252
252
252
249
249
249
249
250
250
252
252
252
251
252
253:
252:
252:
251]
252]
250]
250
252
250
252
lugens foliosus 251
Parryi 250
multicapitatus 16, 253
mutabilis 252
Nelsonii 19,26,30, 251
perplexus 29, 250
Plattensis 19, 251
pseudaureus 35, 40, 252
pudicus 32, 249
Purshianus 251
rapifolius 250
Riddellii 16, 253
rosulatus 251
salicinus 251
scopulinus 35, 249
spartioides 16, 253
triangularis 34, 37, 249
Setaria glauca [59
Italica [59
viridis.
Shadbush
alder-leaved
mountain
Sheepberry
Sheep sorrel
Shepherdia Canadensis
Shepherd's purse
common..
[59
150
150
150
221
105
175
128
128
Shield-fern [49
186
186
186
189
189
189
189
189
144
144
Shinleaf
bog..
one-sided
Shooting star 27,
few-flowered
many-flowered
shade-loving
wavy-leaved
Sibbaldia
procumbens 42,
procumbent
Sidalcea
Candida 33, 35, 37,
Sideranthus
annuus 16,
spinulosus 16,
Silene
acaulis 41,
antirrhina 18, 45,
depauperata
noctiflora 45,
SlLVERBERRY FAMILY
Single delight
Sisymbrium
incisum
officinale 45,
Sisyrinchium [95
453]
INDEX
305
References to the Flora are in brackets
alpestre 35,
angustifolium 14, 35,
Sitanion
brevifolium 15,
longifolium 15,
Skullcap
Britton's
hooded
wand-like
Skunk-bush
Skunk-grass
Small mistletoe
American
hidden footed
Smartweed
water
SMILACEAE
Smilacina amplexicaulis
racemosa
stellata
Smilax lasioneuron
Snakeroot, black
button
Sneezeweed
mountain
Snowberry
western
Snowflower 40,
James's
Snow-on-the-mountain
Boulder
Soap wort
SOLANACEAE
Solanum
interius
Lycopersicum
nigrum villosum
rostratum
triflorum
Solidago
Canadensis 12,
gilyocanescens
concinna
decumbens 32, 42,
minuescens
dilatata
gilvocanescens 17,
glaberrima 16,
humilis nana
Patter sonii
Missouriensis extraria
mollis
nana 16,
95
95
78
78
78
205
205
205
205
20
[68
103
103
103
107
107
94
93
93
93
94
181
226
245
245
221
221
213
213
165
165
118
208
209
210
210
210
209
209
230
231
231
231
230
230
230
231
231
230
230
23f
232:
232;
nemoralis incana [232]
oreophila 26, 32, [230]
pallida 19, [231]
Pitched 12,29, [231]
polyphylla ............. 29,
pulcherrima ...............
radulina ............... 26,
rigida humilis .............
speciosa pallida. ...........
trinervata ... .......... 26,
viscidula ............... 26,
Solomon's seal, false ...... 21,
Sonchus ....................
arvensis ...... . ........ 45,
asper .................. 45,
Sophia .....................
andrenarum ...............
incisa ....................
intermedia ............. 14,
leptophylla ...............
Sophora ....................
sericea ................ 17,
Sophora, silky ...............
Sorbus .....................
scopulina .............. 25,
Sorghastrum ................
nutans ................ 18,
Sorrel, mountain .............
sheep ....................
wood .....................
yellow ..................
Sow thistle ..................
field ......................
harsh ....................
narrow-leaved
[94
Spanish needles, western ...... [244
SPARGANIACEAE.
Sparganium .'
angustifolium 34,
simplex angustifolium
Spartina
cynosuroides 11,
Spatter dock, western [125
Spearmint [208
Special classes of plants 43
Speculiaria [223
leptocarpa [223
perfoliata 26, 223
Speedwell. 214
Byzantine 215
field 215
thyme-leaved 214
Wormskjold 214
Xalapa 214
SPERMATOPHYTA [53
Spiderwort [87
University [87
Spiesia Lamberti [159
Lamberti sericea [159
Spike-grass, marsh [69
INDEX
[454
References to the Flora are in brackets
Spike-rush
flat-stemmed
needle
slender
swamp
pale
SPINOSAE 18,
Spiraea dumosa [147
Spleenwort [51
Andrews's [51
maiden-hair [51
SPONDIACEAE [167]
Sporobolus 63.
airoides 15, 63
asperifolius 15, 63
cryptandrus 15, 63
cuspidatus [61
depauperatus 61
heterolepis 15, 63
simplex 62
Spring beauty 114
large-rooted 114
rosy 114
water 114
Chamisso's 114
Spruce 24,31,38,39,40, 53
blue 53
Douglas 24,25, 53
Engelmann 36, 39, 53
Spurge 44, [164
Arkansas [165
Fendler's 164
mountain [165
nettle 164
ridge-seeded 164
rugulose-seeded 164
stout 165
thyme-leaved 164
toothed 166
warty 166
white-flowered 164
SPURGE FAMILY 163
Squawweed 34
Squirrel-tail grass [77
Stachys [206
scopulorum 11, [206
Stanleya 135
glauca 15, 135
Stanley's cress, glaucous [135
Star-flower [229
annual 229
spinulose 229
Star thistle 255
Starwort [115], 233
James's 115
Lake Baical 115
water 10, 166
State flower of Colorado.. . . 40, 119
Steironema 188
ciliatum 21,23, 188
Stellaria Jamesiana 115
longifolia 115
longipes 115
media 115
stricta 115
umbellata 115
Stephanomeria runcinata 255
Stickseed 200
cupulate 200
large-flowered 200
narrow-leaved 200
western 200
Sticktights 10
common [244"
Stiff golden rod, hoary [232;
Stink-grass 68
purple 68
Stipa [60
comata 15,18,27, 60;
Lettermannii 61
Nelsonii 15,27, 60
parviflora Americana 60
Scribneri 27, 60
viridula 15,18,27, [60
Stitchwort, long-leaved 115
long-pedicelled 115
strict 115
Stone-crop 136
Storksbill 163
hemlock 163
Strawberry 143
American 143
bracted 143
glaucous 144
prolific 144
small-flowered 144
Streptopus [93
amplexifolius 28, [93
Stylo santhus laciniatus [238
Suaeda depressa [1
depressa erecta [Ill
SUBALPESTRES 9, 36
Subalpine flora 9, 23, 36
Subalpine forest formation 36
Subalpine stream formation 36, 37
Subalpine summit flora 37
Subalpine zone 36
Subaquatic flora 10
SUBMONTANAE 9, 23
Sumach 167
cismontane 167
fragrant 167
three-lobed 167
Sunflower 13, 242
455]
INDEX
307
References to the Flora are in brackets [
coarsely toothed
common
dwarf
false, five-ribbed
petioled
red-streaked ....
subrhomboid.. . .
Utah
Svida
stolonifera 23, 29,
243
242
243
243
243
242
243
243
181
181
Swamp laurel, small leaved. . .
Sweet ciceley 21
obtuse-fruited
smooth
Sweet clover
white
Sweet coltsfoot
arrow-leaved
Sweet flag 10,
Swertia.,7 [192
congesta 192
palustris 34,40, 192
Swertia 192
dense-flowered.. 192
marsh 192
Switch grass, tall [58
SYLVALES 31, 36
SYLVESTRES 18, 20, 24
SYMPETALAE
Symphoricarpos
occidentalis 20, 26,
oreophilus 32,
vaccinioides.. .
185
221
221
221
221
Syntherisma [57
sanguinale 44,
Synthyris alpina
Synthyris, alpine
Talinum
parviflorum 30,
Tansy mustard
cut-leaved
fine-leaved
hoary
western
Taraxacum
montanum
officinale
Taraxacum 45,
Temperature and rainfall
TETRAGONIACEAE
Tetraneuris
lanata
lanigera 32,42,
Teucrium
occidentale 11,
Thalesia.. ....
57
215
215
113
113
130
130]
130
130
130
258
258
258
258
8*
113;
245;
205
205
219:
fasciculata 43,
lutea
Thalictrum
Fendleri 28,
purpurascens 22,
Thelesperma
gracile 16,
Thelesperma, slender
Thelypodium
paniculatum
sagittatum
torulosum
Thelypodium, panicled
Thermopsis
arenosa
divaricarpa 22, 25, 32,
pinetorum 25, 43,
Thermopsis, divaricate-podded
pineland
sand
Thistle 13,
Colorado
219
219
125
125
125
244
244
244
135
135
135
135
135
152
153
153
152
153
152
153
253
254
253
254
253
254
254
253
254
111
259]
255]
woolly-headed 40
255
225
127
127
127
127
127
210
210
225
crag
erose-bracted.
gray
knapweed.. . .
large-headed,
Parry's
Platte
Russian. .
sow.
star.
yellow-spined . .
THISTLE FAMILY
Thlaspi
arvense 45
Coloradense 28,39
Nuttallii 21,41
purpurascens 41
Thorn-apple
purple
Thorough wort
Three square [79
THYMELIALES [175
Timothy [62
common [62
false... f [62
mountain [62
108
108
165
165
165
165
165
165
Tiniaria
Convolvulus 44,
Tithymalus
Arkansanus 16,
marginatus
tetramerus
philorus 19,
dichotoma..
INDEX
[456
References to the Flora are in brackets f 1
robustus
Tium
alpinum 25, 34, 35,
Drummondii 18,
Toad-flax
bastard
Canada
Tobacco ^
night-blooming
Tomato
common
Tonestus
pygmaeus 42,
Touterea decapetala
multiflora
nuda
sinuata
speciosa
Townsendia..,
exscapa.
16,
grandiflora 19,
Townsendia, large-flowered . . .
165
156
156
156
211
103
211
210
210
210
210
230
230
174
173
173
173
173
232
233
232
233
232
silky 233
Toxicodendron 167
Rydbergii 20, 167
Toxicoscordion 88
falcatum 25, 81
gramineum 81
Tradescantia 87
occidentalis : 87
scopulorum 87
Universitatis 18, 87
Tragia 164
ramosa 164
Tragopogpn 255
porrifolius 45, 255
porrifolius X pratensis 255
pratensis 45, 255
Treacle mustard 130
Tridophyllum 141
lateriflorum 142
leucocarpum 142
Monspeliense 45, 142
paradoxum 141
Trifolium 154
dasyphyllum 42, 154
hybridum 44, 154
lividum 42, 154
pratense 44, 154
repens 44, 154
Triple-awned grass 60
Trisetum 65
majus 39, 65
montanum 33, 65
spicatum 65
subspicatum 31, 32, 41
majus
molle
Triticum
sativum vulgare
vulgar e 46,
Trollius
albiflorus 37,39,
laxus albiflorus
Troximon cuspidatum
glaucum
parviflorum
Troximon, cuspidate
Tumble weed . .
65|
65
77
77
77
118
118
118
157
258
258
257
112
Tundra, wet alpine.. . 37, 38, 39, 40
TUNDRALES 38
Turkey-foot grass 13, 57
Twayblade 27, 96
kidney-leaved 96
northern 96
Twin-flower [221
American [221
Twisted-stalk 27,
clasping-leaved
Typha
latifolia 10,
TYPHACEAE. .
Uliginose society 10
ULMACEAE.
Ulmus
Americana
UMBELLALES
Umbrella-wort
diffuse ,
hairy
heart-leaved
lance-leaved
narrow-leaved
UMBRELLA-WORT FAMILY
Upper Sonoran vegetation. . . .
Upper Transition vegetation. . .
Urtica
gracilis 12,
URTICACEAE
URTICALES
Urticularia
vulgaris
Uva-ursi procumbens
Vaccaria
Vaccaria 45,
vulgaris
Vaccinium
caespitosum
erythrococcum
Myrtillus microphyllum
oreophilum
scoparium 42,
117
117
117
187
187
187
187
187
187
4571
INDEX
309
References to the Flora are in brackets
VACCINIACEAE [187
Vagnera 93
amplexicaulis 25, 93
racemosa 25, 93
stellata 22,28, 93
Valerian [223
edible [223
Greek [198
VALERIAN FAMILY [223
Valeriana 223
ceratophylla 35, 223
edulis [223
VALERIANACEAE [223
VALERIANALES [223
VALLICOLAE 18, 21, 24, 27
Venus's looking-glass 223
common 223
western [223
Verbascum 221
Blattaria 45, [211
Thapsus 45, 211
Verbena 204
ambrosifolia 14, [204
Aubletia 205
bracteosa 14, 204
albiflora 204
Canadensis 205
hastata 11, [204
Verbena, common wild [205
VERBENACEAE [204
Verbesina 243
encelioides exauriculata[24:3], 244
exauriculata 243
Veronica 214
agrestis 215
Americana 21, 23, 29, 214
Buxbaumii 215
Byzantina 45, 215
peregrina 214
serpyllifolia 45, 214
Wormskjoldii 34, 40, 214
Xalapensis 214
Vervain 204
blue 204
large-bracted 204
white-flowered 204
ragweed-leaved.. 204
VERVAIN FAMILY 204
Vetch 21, 161
milk 34, 155
mountain 161
narrow-leaved 161
remote-leaved 161
small-flowered 161
Vetchling 21, 161
white-flowered 161
Viburnum 221
Lentago ..23, 221
pauciflorum 221
Vicia 161
dissitifolia 21, 161
linearis 161
oregana 21,22, 161
producta 21,22, 161
sparsifolia 21, 161
Vilfa depauperata filiformis... [62
Richardsoni [61
Viola.
bellidifolia
biflora
Canadensis- Neo-Mexicanus
39,
Rydbergii 23,
cognata
Neo-Mexicana
Nuttallii
pallens 33,
palustris 33,
physalodes
Rydbergii
vallicola 25,
VIOLACEAE
Violet
blue, western
daisy-leaved
marsh
New Mexico.
nodding
Nuttall's..
pale
Rydberg's
two-flowered
valley
western blue
VIOLET FAMILY
Viorna
eriophora
Jonesii
Virginia creeper
vinelike
Virgin's bower
western
VlTACEAE
Vitis
Arizonica.
Boulderensis
palmata
riparia
vulpina 12, 22,
Volvulus
interior
Wallflower, Cockerell's
oblanceolate-leaved
171
172
172
171
171
172
172
172
172
171
121
122
121
169
169
121
121
169
169
169
169
169
169
169
195
195
131
131
3io
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets \
snow
western
Washingtonia longistylis
obtusa
Water cress
Water crowfoot
white 34,
flaccid-leaved
Water dropwort
Fendler's
Water hemlock
Water hoarhound
American
western
Waterleaf 21,
Fendler's
WATER-LILY FAMILY
Water milfoil 10,
spiked
Water parsnip
cut-leaved. .
131
130
182
182
128
122
122
122
183
183
182
208
208
208
199
199
125
181
181
183
183^
Water pepper 10
Water-plantain 56"
common 56
WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY 56
Water spring beauty 114
Chamisso's 114
Water starwort 10, 166
autumnal 166
marsh 166
WATER STARWORT FAMILY. . . . 166
Wax-currant 20, 29
small [140]
Weeds 44
170
170
173
173
173
173
173
174
173
77
76
76
76
76
77
76
76
77
76
76
77
Western mallow
white
Western star
many-flowered
naked
showy
strict
ten-petalled
wavy-leaved
Wheat
Wheat grass
Arizona
mountain
Richardson's
riparian
Scribner's
slender
soft
Vasey's
violet
western
White evening primrose [178
cut-leaved [179
Nuttall's 179
rhizomatous 179
white-stemmed 178
White sage 110
woolly 110
Whitlow-grass 132
artic, white 133
Baker's 133
Colorado 132
hoary 133
thick-leaved 132
twisted-podded 133
white arctic 133
wood 132
Whitlowwort 112
decumbent 133
golden 133
James's 112
pulvinate 112
yellowish 133
Wild brier 21
Wild cherry 20,21, 28
black-fruited western [152
Wild oat-grass [66
California [66
common 66
intermediate [66
Wild liquorice [159
159
92
91
91
92
92
scaly.
Wild onion, Eraser's
Geyer's
Nuttall's
Pike's Peak
recurved
Wild plum 20, 28
American [151
Wild rye, Canadian 78
Macoun's 78
slender 78
stout 78
Wildsarsaparilla [181
common [181
Willow 12,21,27,38, [99
Bebb's [100
bloom-branched [99
dwarf [100
false Lapland [100
Fendler's [99
100
100
100
99
99
glaucous
Cjen-leaf
pland, false
long-beaked.. .
narrow-leaf. . .
Nuttall's [100
peach [99;
rock-loving [100
Rocky Mountain [101:
459]
INDEX
References to the Flora are in brackets
sandbar, silky
QQj
biennial.
247]
Wolf's
Q9
Wyethia
242
yellow
QQ
amplexicaulis
242]
WILLOW FAMILY
98
Wyethia clasping-leaved
-719]
Willow-herb
177
Wyomingia
239]
177
cana 16
239
great
176
Xanthium
9?S
177
commune 12 45
225
panicled
177
Xanthoxalis. .
163]
glandular
178
stricta 25
1631
pimpernel
177
Ximcncsia cxauviculdta
244]
reddish
177
Xylophacos
157]
western
177
Parryi.. . 30
157]
WILLOW-HERB FAMILY
176
Shortianus. . 15
1S7]
Winter cress
131
XYRIDALES
[87
American
131
Yarrow
?46
^^intergreen
186
woolly
216
bos'
186
Yellow cress
129
creeping
186
spreading.
1?q
one-flowered
186
warty-podded
1?Q
one-sided [
186
Yellow mountain avens . .
146
WlNTERGREEN FAMILY.. j
18S
Arapahoe
146
^^itch grass
S7
Yellow pond lily 24
1?S
Wood reed-grass. .
63
many-^e palled
1?S
slender
63
Yellow wood sorrel .
163
Wood rush
90
upright.
163
dense-cymed
91
Yucca. . ...
94
small-flowered
90
angustifolia,
94
spiked
91
glauca 15, 18, 20,
94
^Vood sorrel.
16S
Yucca 12 13
19
yellow
163
Yucca mesa formation.... 18
19
upright. . . ...
163j
Zanichellia.
S6]
WOOD SORREL FAMILY
163j
palustris. 10,
S6]
Wooded mesa formation
18
Zanichellia, marsh
S6]
^Voodsia
[SO]
ZANICHELLIACEAE
SS]
Oregana 29
[SO]
Zones of vegetation . .
8
scopulina 29
[SO]
alpine summits.
9
^Voodsia cliff
[SO]
foothills and mountain pla-
mountain. . . .
SO]
9
Wool-joint 18, [
104]
lower mountain slopes
9
Baker's
104]
mesas
9
effuse
104]
plains
9
subalpine
104]
subalpine mountain slopes....
9
umbellate
104]
88]
winged
104]
88]
yellow
104]
88]
Wormwood . .
2461
showv. . .
88]
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