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THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE
INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB-
JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS
POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION
DESK.
Contributions to the Botany of Vermont IX
FLORA OF BURLINGTON
AND VICINITY
A list of the
FERN AND SEED PLANTS
Growing without cultivation
By
Nellie F. Flynn
burlington :
Free Press Printing Company,
1911
To
My Husband
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
PREFACE
This list was begun at the suggestion of Dr. L. R. Jones, for-
nrierly of the University of Vermont, now of the University of Wis-
consin. It was intended to be accompanied by an account of the plant
geography and ecology of the region by Dr. Clifton D. Howe. Since
the removal of Dr. Howe to Toronto has delayed the completion of
his surveys* it seems best to publish this now as a preliminary list.
It is hoped that when Dr. Howe's report is completed, a revision of
this list may be published with it.
The list is intended to include the names of all the fern and seed
plants which are natives of or grow without cultivation in Burlington
and its vicinity, including with Burlington, the towns of South Bur-
lington, Colchester, Essex, Williston and Shelburne. Each name has
an extant specimen back of it, except in three or four cases which
are specifically mentioned. In these cases we are sure of the identity
of the plant cited. Except in a few instances, specimens are in the
herbarium of the University of Vermont or in the private collection
of the author.
To stimulate further search, a supplementary list has been added
containing the names of additional plants which have been doubtfully
reported for the region or which for reasons named should be sought
here. In the case of rare plants, stations and names of collectors
have been given. For the sake of brevity, initials of collectors' names
have not been given except where there are two of like name. In
order to complete the records, the full name, and present address of
the living collectors where known, are here given.
*Dr. Howe has recently published certain of his observations on the plant
geography of this region entitled : The Reforestation of the Sand riains of Vei--
mont. Botanical Gazette. Feb'y, 1910.
viii FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
Rev. J. A. Bates, South Royalston, Mass.; Hon. R, D. Benedict,
Burlington; Lucius Bigelow, Burlington; William Boott (specimens
in Gray Herbarium) ; Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Middlebury, Vt. ; Miss Martha
Brookes-Brown (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; C. E. Bryant,
Williston, Vt.; Dr. G. P. Burns, University of Vermont, Burlington;
H. B. Chittenden (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; H. J. Collins,
West Lebanon, N. H.; A. W. Edson (specimens in U. V. M. Herba-
rium); W. W. Eggleston, Washington, D. C; Mrs. N. F. Flynn, Bur-
lington; Mrs. G. I. Forbes, Burlington; Mrs. E. F. Gebhardt, Shel-
burne, Vt.; C. M. Gifford, Morgantown, W. Va.; A. H. Gilbert, Wash-
ington, D. C; Miss M. K. Goddard, Lexington, Mass.; D. B. Griffin,
Winooski, Vt.; Dr. A. J. Grout, New Dorp, N. Y.; Mrs. A. J. Grout,
New Dorp, N. Y.; Dr. T. E. Hazen, Barnard College, New York, N. Y.;
J. P. Helyer, University of Vermont, Burlington; C. G. Hinsdale,
Boston, Mass.; Miss Miriam Hitchcock, Pittsford, Vt. ; F. M. Hollister,
Tewksbury, Mass.; Mrs. Henry Holt, Burlington; S. C. Hood, Orange
City, Fla.; F. H. Horsford, Charlotte, Vt. ; Dr. C. D. Howe, Toronto
University, Toronto, Can.; F. E. Hubbard, Keene Valley, N. Y. ; Dr.
L. R. Jones, University of Wisconsin, Madison; G. L. Kirk, Rutland,
Vt.; W. F. Macrae (specimens in Gray Herbarium); Miss Lizzie Moore,
Burlington; Prof. W. J. Morse, University of Maine, Orono, Me.; Wil-
liam Oakes (specimens in Gray Herbarium); W. A, Orton, Washington,
D. C; Prof. G. H. Perkins, University of Vermont, Burlington; H. L.
Priest (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; Dr. C. G. Pringle, Uni-
versity of Vermont, Burlington; Mrs. F. A. Richardson, Burlington;
Dr. J. W. Robbins (specimens in Gray Herbarium) ; P. A. Ross (speci-
mens in U. V. M. Herbarium); J. K. Shaw, Amherst, Mass.; Dr. L. P.
Sprague, Chateaugay, N. Y.; R. R. Strait, Franklin, Vt.; Prof. H. A. P.
Torrey (specimens in U. V. M, Herbarium); Prof. Joseph Torrey (speci-
mens in U. V. M. Herbarium) ; Miss Phoebe Towle, Burlington; C. C.
Tracy (specimens in U. V. M. Herbarium); Mrs. F. H. Walker, Port-
land, Ore.; Rev. Levi Wild, Royalton, Vt; Mrs. W. H. Zottman, Bur-
lington.
It is a matter of regret, that the older botanists who were the
first collectors of this region, namely, Macrae, Robbins, Torrey and
Benedict, who collected here about the middle of the last century,
have so few authenticated specimens in herbaria, that due credit can-
not be given them. It is hoped that anyone having such specimens
or those of other collectors which are not fully credited, will inform
the author.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY ix
The seventh edition of Gray's Manual has been followed strictly
in nomenclature, except where for the sake of brevity, initials have
been eliminated or names abbreviated, and synonyms have only been
given where corrections have been made since the Manual came out.
Common names have been inserted freely as befitting the general use
which may be made of such a list.
Following the usage of the Vermont Flora, four adjectives, namely,
"common," "frequent," "occasional" and "rare," have been adopted
to denote frequency of occurrence. These are intended to be asso-
ciated with the habitat — thus, "sandy soil, common," means, common
on sandy soils, though it may be rare in other habitats. The term
"rare" is used for those plants which occur in but few stations and
there but sparingly. When they are abundant in such stations, the
word "local" has been preferred. The habitats given are based on
personal observation where possible.
Following the common practice, small capitals have been used
for names of plants not native to the region as far as our knowledge
goes. In a few cases these may be native of some other part of the
state, but introduced here.
This list is necessarily provisional and incomplete, and will have
served its best purpose if it prepares the way for a fuller one later.
To that end it is hoped that anyone who can give added information
about the plants in this list, or who finds any additional species, will
let the author know, and deposit specimens either with her or in the
herbarium of the University of Vermont. Proper recognition will be
made of such assistance in the proposed revision.
My thanks are due not only to Dr. L. R. Jones who has been of
the greatest help and encouragement, but to Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Mr.
W, W. Eggleston, Rev. J. A. Bates, Dr. T. E. Hazen and many others
for assistance given. Thanks are also due to Prof. M. L. Fernald,
who has examined and verified many doubtful specimens.
Nellie F. Flvxx.
CONTENTS
Page
Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns 1
Pteridophytes 1
Spermatophytes f>
Supplementary List • • • • 94
Statistical Summaries 101
Additions and Corrections 103
Index • • . . . 104
Flora of Burlington and Vicinity
PTERIDOPHYTA
Ferns and Fern Allies
POLYPODIACEAE. FERN FAMILY
ADIANTUM (Toiirn.) L. Maidexiiaik
A. pedatum L. Rich moist woods; frequent. July.
ASPIDIUM Sw. Shield Ferx. Wood Fern
A. Boottii Tuck. Boott's Shield Fern. Wet thickets and about ponds;
rare. July. Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex and Colchester, (Ha-
zen
A. cristatum (L.) Sw. Crested Shield Fern. Moist thickets and
swamps; occasional. July.
A. cristatum (L.) Sw., var. Cliiitoiiiaiiuin Eaton. Clinton's Shield Fern.
Swampy woods; rare. July. Colchester, (N. F. F.).
A. Goldiamim Hook. Goldie's Fern. Rich woods; rare. July. Shel-
burne.
A. margiiiale (L.) Sw. Marginal Shield Fern, Evergreen Wood Fern.
Rocky hillsides in rich woods; common. July, Aug.
A. uoreboraceiise (L.) Sw. New York Fern. Rich woods; common.
Aug.
A, spmulosum (Muller) Sw. Spinulose Shield Fern. Ric-h woods; oc-
casional. July.
A. spiimlosiiiu (Muller) Sw., var. intermedium (Muhl.) Eaton. Woods;
common. July.
A. Tlielypteris (L.) Sw. Marsh Fern. Marshes; common. Aug.
2 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
ASPLENIUM L. Spleenwort
A. acrosticlioides Sw. Silvery Spleenwort. Rich woods; rare. July,
Aug. Shelburne, (Bates); Burlington, (N. F. F.).
A. aiigustifolium Michx. Narrow-leaved Spleenwort. Rich woods; rare.
Aug. Shelburne.
A. Filix-femiua (L.) Bernh. Lady Fern. Moist woods; common in
several different forms. July, Aug.
A. platyueuron (L.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort. Rocky open woods;
occasional. July. Aug. A form near var. incisum (Howe) Rob-
ins, occurs, Colchester, (Griffin).
A. Ruta-inuraria L. Rue Spleenwort. Limestone cliffs; occasional.
July.
A. Trichomaues L. Maidenhair Spleenwort. Shaded rocks; occa-
sional. July. A form near var. incisum Moore occurs, Colchester,
(Griffin).
CAMPTOSORUS Link. Walking Leaf
('. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Shaded rocks, especially limestone; occa-
sional. Aug. Forms occur with the fronds forked at the tip and
with the auricles greatly elongated.
CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Rock Brake
C. Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl. Slender Rock Brake. Moist limestone
rocks; rare. July. South Burlington, (Perkins).
CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. Bladder Fern
C. Imlbifera (L.) Bernh. Common Bladder Fern. Moist shaded ra-
vines; frequent. July.
C. fragilis (L.) Bernh. Fragile Bladder Fern. Rocky woods and ra-
vines; frequent. June.
DICKSONIA L'Her.
D. puiictilobula (Michx.) Gray. Hay-scented Fern. Moist shaded
places; occasional. Aug.
ONOCLEA L.
0. sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. Moist meadows and thickets; com-
mon. Sterile June; fertile Sept. Sports are occasional, — the so-
called var. obtusilobata (Schkuhr) Torr. Burlington, (Miss God-
dard) ; South Burlington, (Ross).
0. Struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. Ostrich Fern. Alluvial soil; common.
Sterile June; fertile Sept.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 3
PELLAEA Link. Cuff Bhake
P. atropiirpurea (L.) Link. Purple Cliff Brake. Limestone cliffs;
occasional. July.
PHEGOPTERIS (PresI) F^e. Beech Fern
P. Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern. Moist woods; frequent. July.
P. hexag-ouoptera (Michx.) Fee. Broad Beech Fern. Rich woods;
rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Jones) ; Burlington, (N. F. F.) ;
Colchester, (GrifRn).
P. polypodioides Fee. Long Beech Fern. Damp woods; occasional.
July.
POLYPODIUM (Tourn.) L. Polypody
P. Tiilg-are L. Rocks; common. July, Aug.
POLYSTICHUM Roth.
P. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. Rocky woods;
common. July. Var. Schweinitzii (Beck) Small. (Var. incisum
Gray) Occasional. A crisped form occurs, Burlington, (Mrs.
Richardson, Ross); Colchester, (GrifRn).
PTERIS L. Brake or Bracken
P. aquilina L. Pastures and woodlands; common. Aug. Var. psei/oo-
CAUDATA Clute. Rare. Colchester, (Ross).
WOODSIA R. Br.
"U. ilyensis (L.) R. Br. Rusty Woodsia. Exposed rocks; occasional.
July. Abundant at one station.
\y. obtiisa (Spreng.) Torr. Blunt-lobed Woodsia. Rocky banks; oc-
casional. July.
WOODWARDIA Sm. Chaix Fern
AV. yirgiiiica (L.) Sm. Virginia Chain Fern. Wet swamp, Colchester.
(Robbins) . July.
OSMUNDACEAE. FLOWERING FERN FAMILY
OSMUNDA (Tourn.) L. Fixdwering Fern
0. cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern. Wet woods and pastures: com-
mon. Fertile May; sterile June. Variable in the shape and cut-
ting of the pinnules. Var. incisa Hunt. Rare. Burlington. (Ross.
N. F. F.) ; Colchester, f Grifhn) .
4 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
0. Claytoiiiaiia L. Interrupted Fern. Wet woods and pastures; com-
mon. Fertile May; sterile June.
0, regralis L. Royal Fern. Wet woods and swamps; common. June.
Forms occur with the sterile fronds fertile at the tips and with the
pinnules incised; South Burlington and Burlington, (N. F. F.).
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. ADDER'S TONGUE FAMILY
BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Mooxwort
15. laiiceolatuiii (Gmel.) Angst., var. angiistisegmeiitiim Pease & Moore.
Lance-leaved Grape Fern. Cool open woods; rare. July. Bur-
lington, (Ross).
B. ol)Iiquiii» Muhl. Grape Fern. Moist sandy soil; occasional. Sept.
Var. DissECTUM (Spreng.) Clute. Occasional. Sept.
B. rainosiim (Roth) Aschers. Rich woods; rare. July. Burlington,
(Ross); Colchester, (Griffin).
B. simplex Hitchc. Little Grape Fern. Moist pastures; rare. June,
July. Burlington, (N. F. F., Ross).
B. teriiatum (Thunb.) Sw., var. intermedium Eaton. Ternate Grape
Fern. Sandy soil; rare. Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F., Ross). Var.
RUTAEFOLiUM (A. Br.) Eaton. Rare. Sept. Burlington, (Gilbert).
B. virgiuiaiium (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern. Rich woods; frequent and
variable in size. June, July.
OPHIOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Adder's Tongue
0. vulgatum L. Moist pastures; rare. June, July. Burlington, (N.
F. F.) ; Colchester, (Ross).
EQUISETACEAE. HORSETAIL FAMILY
^ EQUISETUM (Tourn.) L. Horsetail
E. aryeiise L. Common Horsetail. Moist gravelly soil; common. Fer-
tile Apr., May; sterile June.
E. fluriatile L. Pipes. Shallow water with muddy bottom; common.
Fertile June; sterile July. A form occurs the branches of which
bear numerous small spikes; Burlington, (N. F. F.).
E. hyemale L., var. affine (Engelm.) Eaton. Common Scouring Rush.
Moist gravelly banks; common. May-Sept.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 5
E. liyemale L., var. iiitermedium Eaton. Scouring Rush. Moist sandy
soil; rare. May- Aug. Burlington, (Howe).
E. litorale Kiihl. Shore Horsetail. Gravelly shores of Lake Chaniplain;
rare. May, June. Burlington, (Grout and Jones).
E. palustre L. Marsh Horsetail. Wet sandy shore of Lake Chaniplain;
rare. June, July. Burlington, (Grout and Jones).
E. scirpoides Michx. Cool moist woods; occasional. May, June.
E. sylyaticum L. Wood Horsetail. Moist shady places; frequent. Fer-
tile May; sterile June.
E. Yariegatum Schleich. Gravelly shores of Lake Champlain; rare.
May, June. Burlington, (Eggleston and Grout, N. F. F.); Colches-
ter, (Sprague).
LYCOPODIACEAE. CLUB MOSS FAMILY
LYCOPODIUM (Rupp.) L. CLub Moss
L. auiiotiunm L. Stiff Club Moss. Cold woods; rare. July, Aug. Bur-
lington, (Grout).
L. clayatuni L. Common Club Moss. Dry woods; common. Aug.,
Sept.
E. complauatum L., var. flabelliforme Fern. Ground Pine. Dry woods;
frequent. Sept.
L. iunudatum L. Bog Club Moss. In sphagnum; rare. Aug., Sept.
Williston, (Pringle) ; South Burlington, (Ross) ; Colchester and
Burlington, (N. F. F.).
L. lucidnlum Michx. Shining Club Moss. Cold damp woods; frequent.
Sept.
I. obsciiriiin L. Tree Club Moss. Moist woods; rare. Sept. South
Burlington, (Hood),
L. obscurum L., var. deiidroideum (Michx.) Eaton. Common Tree Club
Moss. Moist woods; common. Sept.
L. tristacbyum Pursh. Ground Pine. Dry sandy soil; rare. July, .\us.
Colchester and Essex, (Hazen).
6 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA Beauv.
S. rupestris (L.) Spring. Rock Selaginella. Dry exposed rocks; occa-
sional. Aug., Sept.
SPERMATOPHYTA
Seed-Plants, Phanerogamia, or Flowering Plants
TAXACEAE. YEW FAMILY
TAXUS (Toiirn.) L. Yew
T, canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlock. Moist banks;
frequent. Apr., May.
PINACEAE. PINE FAMILY
ABIES (Tourn.) Hill. Fik
A.. ])alsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam or Balm-of-Gilead Fir. Damp woods;
rare. May. Burlington and South Burlington, (Hubbard) ; Essex,
(Jones).
JUNIPERUS (Tourn.) L. Juniper
J. communis L., var. depressa Pursh. Common Juniper. Dry sterile
hills; frequent. Apr., May.
J. Tirglniana L. Red Cedar or Savin. Dry rocky hills; frequent. May.
LARIX (Tourn.) Mill. Larch
L. laricina (Du Roi) Koch. American or Black Larch, Tamarack,
Hackmatack. Cold swamps; common. May.
PICE A Link. Spruce
P. canadensis (Mill.) BSP. White or Cat Spruce. A few trees at one
station, Colchester, (Griffin); Essex, (Howe). May.
r. mariana (Mill.) BSP. Bog or Black Spruce. Sphagnum swamps;
common. May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 7
P. rubra (Du Roi) Dietr. Red Spruce. Frequent in deep ravines about
Burlington, (Howe), but rare elsewhere. May. South Burling-
ton, (Hubbard).
PINUS (Tourn.) L. Pink
1*. resinosa Ait. Red or Norway Pine. Dry woods; frequent. May,
June.
P. rig'ida Mill. Pitch Pine. Barren sandy soil; common. May, June.
P. Strobus L. White Pine. Common. June.
THUJA L. Arbor Vitae
T. occideiitalis L. Arbor Vitae, White Cedar. Swamps and rocky banks;
common. Apr., May.
TSUGA (Endl.) Carr. Hemlock
T. cauadeusis (L.) Carr, Swamps and rocky woods; common. May.
TYPHACEAE. CAT=TAIL FAMILY
TYPHA (Tourn.) L. Cat-tail Flag
T, angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Cat-tail. Marshes; rare. July. Bur-
lington, (N. F. F.); Colchester, (Griffin).
T. latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. Marshes; common. July.
SPARGANIACEAE. BUR=REED FAMILY
SPARGANIUM (Tourn.) L. Bur-reed
S. americauum Nutt. Muddy shores; rare. July, Aug. Burlington,
(N. F. F.).
S. diyersifolmm Graeb. Muddy shores; rare. July, Aug. Colchester,
(N. F. F.).
S. eiirycarpiim Engelm. Broad-fruited Bur-reed. Borders of ponds ana
•rivers; frequent. July, Aug.
8 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
NAJADACEAE. PONDWEED FAMILY
NAJAS L. Naiad
y. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Ponds and slow streams; com-
mon. July-Sept.
POTAMOGETON (Tourn.) L. Pondweed
P. amerioaiiiis C. & S. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy).
July, Aug.
P. amplifolius Tuck. Large-leaved Pondweed. Shelburne Pond,
(Jones); Colchester, (Griffin). July, Aug.
P. CRisPus L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.
P. dimorplius Raf. Ponds and slow streams; frequent. July, Aug,
P. epihydrus Raf. Still or flowing water; frequent. July, Aug.
P. foliosus Raf. Still or flowing water; rare. July, Aug. Burlington
and Colchester, (N. F. F.).
P. Friesii Rupr. Shelburne Pond, (Pringle). Aug., Sept.
P heteropliyllus Schreb. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy,
Howe); Malletts Bay, (N. F. F.). July, Aug. Forma terrESTris
Schlecht. Exsiccated place, Burlington, (N. F. F.).
I', uatans L. Common Pondweed. Shelburne Pond, (Jones) ; Malletts
Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.
P. pectinatiis L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July-Sept.
P. perfoliatus L. Slow streams and shallow waters of Lake Cham-
plain; frequent. Sept.
P, praelougus Wulf. Shelburne Pond, (Pringle) ; Burlington, (N. P.
F.). July.
P. pusillus L. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). Aug.
P. pusillus L., var. Sturrockii Benn. Malletts Bay, (Griffin). Aug.
1*. Bicliardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. Quiet waters; occasional. July, Aug.
Malletts Bay, (Griffin); Burlington, (N. F. F.).
P. Bobbinsil Cakes. Shelburne Pond, (Jones). July, Aug.
P. zosterifolius Schum. Shelburne Pond, (Grout and Tracy, Jones 1 ;
Malletts Bay, (Griffin). July, Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 9
JUNCAGINACEAE. ARROW GRASS FAMILY
SCHEUCHZERIA L.
S. palustris L. Peat bogs; rare. June. Colchester, (Torrey, Jones).
ALISMACEAE. WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY
ALISMA L. Water Plantaips-
A. Plantago-aquatica L. Swales; common. July, Aug.
SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-head
S. graminea Michx. Muddy shores of Lake Champlain and Winooskl
River; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Perkins, Griffin); Burling-
ton, (N. F. F.).
S. lieteropliylla Pursh. Low muddy shores; occasional. July, Aug.
S. latifolia Willd. Wet places; common and presenting many diiTerent
forms. Aug., Sept.
HYDROCHARITACEAE. FROG'S BIT FAMILY
ELODEA Michx. Water-weed
E. canadensis Michx. Slow streams and ponds; frequent. Aug.
VALLISNERIA (Mich.) L. Tape Grass. Eel Grass
Y. spiralis L. Slow water; frequent. Aug., Sept.
GRAMINEAE. GRASS FAMILY
AGROPYRON Gaertn.
A. cauinum (L.) Beauv. Awned Wheat Grass. Ledges at Winooskl
Gorge, Colchester, (Jones). July, Aug.
A, REPENs (L.) Beauv. Couch, Quitch, or Quick Grass. Fields: com-
mon. June-Aug.
A. tenemm Vasey. Slender Wheat Grass. Dry warm rocky woodlands
and ledges; frequent. July, Aug.
10 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
AGROSTIS L. Bent Grass
A. alba L. Fiorin or White Bent Grass. Moist places; common and
extremely variable. Jul3^ Var. vulgaris (With.) Thurb. Red Top.
Fields and roadsides; common. July. Variable and intergradlng
with the species. A stoloniferous form (A. stolonifera auth. not L.)
occurs in lawns, Burlington, (Jones). A small form occurs in
cool pastures, sometimes having flowering glume awned; Burling-
ton, (Jones).
A. liyemalis (Walt.) BSP. Hair Grass. Dry ditches and other exsic-
cated places; common. June- Aug.
A., pereuuaiis (Walt.) Tuck. Thin Grass. Moist shaded places; fre-
quent. Aug., Sept.
ALOPECURUS L. Foxtail Grass
A. geuiculatus L., var. aristulatus Torr. Floating Foxtail Grass. W^et
meadows; occasional. June, July. South Burlington, (Hinsdale);
Burlington and Colchester, (Jones).
A. PR.\TENSis L. Meadow Foxtail Grass. Introduced in fields. May,
June. Burlington, (Jones).
ANDROPOGON (Royen) L. Beard Grass
A. furcatus Muhl. Forked Beard Grass. Dry rocky river banks; occa-
sional. Aug., Sept.
A. scoparius Michx. Broom Beard Grass. Dry sterile soil; occasional.
Aug., Sept.
ANTHOXANTHUM L. SwEET Vernal Grass
A. ODORATUM L. Old meadows and roadsides; occasional. May- July.
ARISTIDA L. TriplE-awned Grass
A. dicbotoma Michx. Poverty Grass. Sterile gravelly soil; rare. Aug.,
Sept. Essex, (N. F. F.).
ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. Oat Grass
A. ELATius (L.) Beauv. Tall Oat Grass. Meadows; rare. June, July.
Burlington, (Jones).
BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv.
B. erectuiH (Schreb.) Beauv. Moist shaded places; frequent. July,
Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY H
BROMUS L. Brome Grass
B, ciliatus L. Wood Chess. Moist thickets; common. July, Aug.
B. iNKRMis Leyss. Hungarian Brome Grass. Adventive in meadows,
Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Orton); Colchester, (Griffin). July.
Be Kalmii Gray. Wild Chess. Dry woodlands; occasional. June, July.
B. purgaiis L. Thickets; frequent. July, Aug.
B. sECALiNus L. Cheat or Chess. Fields and waste places; occasional.
June-Aug.
CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed Bent Grass
C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Blue-joint Grass. Marshes and wet
places; common. June, July.
CENCHRUS L. Sandbur. Blr Grass
C. CAROuxiANus Walt. Dry sandy soil; local. Aug., Sept. Colchester
and Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex, (Griffin). Evidently a recent
introduction.
CINNA L. Wood Reed Grass
C. aruudinacea L. Wood Reed Grass. Moist woods; rare. Aug.,
Sept. South Burlington, (Jones).
C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Slender Wood. Reed Grass. Moist woods;
rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F,).
DACTYLIS L. Orchard Grass
D. GLOMERATA L. Fields, generally in partial shade; common. June,
July. A proliferous form occurs, Burlington, (Jones, Morse).
DANTHOXIA DC. Wn.n Oat Gras^^
D. compressa Aust. Dry woods; rare. June, July. South 1 Turling-
ton, (Jones).
D. spicata (L.) Beauv. Common Wild Oat Grass. Dry sterile soil;
common. June, July.
DESCHAMPSIA Beauv.
D. flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hair Grass. Dry places; common.
June, July.
12 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
DIGITARIA Scop. Finger Grass
J), HUMIFUSA Pers. Small Crab Grass. Occasional in sandy fields, more
frequent as a lawn weed. Aug., Sept.
D. SANGUiNALis (L.) Scop. Large Crab Grass. Cultivated fields and
waste places; common. Aug., Sept.
ECHINOCHLOA Beauv.
E. CRuSGAivU (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass. Moist ground, waste places,
etc.; common. Aug.-Oct. Presenting many differing forms; viz.:
long awned, short awned, semi-prostrate, erect, etc.
ELYMUS L. Wild Rye. Lyme Grass
E. eanadeusis L. Nodding Wild Rye. Low thickets and river banks;
common. July, Aug. Var. glaucieolius (Muhl.) Gray. Dry banks;
occasional. July, Aug.
E. robustus Scribn. & Sm. Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.
:E. striatus Willd. Slender Wild Rye. Ledges of Winooski River,
(Pringle). July, Aug.
E, Tirgiiiicus L. Wild Rye. Moist thickets of river banks; frequent.
July, Aug.
ERAGROSTIS Beauv.
E, Iiypnoides (Lam.) BSP. Creeping Eragrostis. Gravelly or sandy
shores; frequent. Aug., Sept.
E, megastachya (Koeler) Link. Strong-scented Eragrostis. Waste
places; becoming frequent. July-Sept.
E. piEOSA (L.) Beauv. Sandy soil, especially along railroads; rare.
July-Sept. Burlington, (Priest, N. F. F.).
FESTUCA L. FESCUE Grass
F. eeatior L. Taller or Meadow Fescue. Meadows and roadsides;
common. June, July.
F. nutans Spreng. Nodding Fescue. Rocky woods; frequent. June,
July.
F, oviNA L. Sheep's Fescue. Introduced in lawn, South Burlington,
(Jones). June, July.
F. rubra L. Red Fescue. Rocky or sandy shores of Lake Champlain;
occasional. June, July. Var. subvielosa Mert. & Koch. Adventlve
in lawn. South Burlington, (Jones). July.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY !;{
GLYCERIA R. Br. Manx a Grass
G. borealis (Nash) Batch. Floating Manna Grass. Wet places or in
shallow water; frequent. June-Aiig.
0, canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Grass. Wet places; com-
mon. July.
G- g-raudis Wats. Reed Meadow Grass. Wet soil; common. July.
G, ueryata (Willd.) Trin. Manna Grass. Wet meadows; common.
June, July.
G, pallida (Torr.) Trin. Pale Manna Grass. Shallow water or wet
soil; occasional. June-Aug.
G. Torreyaua (Spreng.) Hitchc. Wet woods; occasional. July, Aug.
HIEROCHLOE (Gmel.) R. Br. Holy Grass
H. odorata (L.) Wahlenb. Vanilla or Seneca Grass. Moist meadows;
occasional. May, June.
HORDEUM (Tourn.) L. Barley
H, aegiceras Nees. Egyptian Barley. Adventive in railroad yards, Bur-
lington, (Jones, N. F. F.). July, Aug.
II. JUBATUM L. Squirrel-tail Grass. Waste ground; occasional. June-
Aug.
HYSTRIX Moench. BottlE-brush Grass
IL patula Moench. Moist woods; occasional. June, July.
LEERSIA Sw. Cut-grass. White Grass
L, oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice Cut-grass. Wet places; frequent. Aug.,
Sept.
L. Tirginica Willd. White Grass. Wet woods; occasional. Aug.
LOLIUM L. Darnel
L, PERENNE L. Common Darnel, Perennial Ray or Rye Grass. Ad-
ventive by roadsides and in meadows; occasional. June. July.
L, TEMULENTUM L. Bearded Darnel. Adventive in fields: rare. June,
July. Essex, (Wild); Burlington, (Jones).
MELICA L. MELic Grass
M. striata (Michx.) Hitchc. Purple Oat. Rocky woods; frequent. May.
June.
14 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
MUHLENBERGIA Schreb.
M. mexicaua (L.) Trin. Meadow Muhlenbergia. Moist meadows ana
banks; common. Aug., Sept. Variable.
M. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Marsh Muhlenbergia. Wet rocks and
marshy places; frequent and variable. Aug., Sept.
31. Sclireberi Gmel. Drop-seed, Nimble Will. In shaded yard, Burling-
ton, (Jones). Aug., Sept.
3f. teiiuiflora (Willd.) BSP. Slender Muhlenbergia. Rocky woods;
rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Jones).
ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain Rice
0. asperifolia Michx. White-grained Mountain Rice. Woods;' common.
June.
0,. pung-eus (Torr.) Hitchc. Slender Mountain Rice. Dry sandy soil;
frequent. Apr., May.
0, racemosa (Sm.) Ricker. Black-fruited Mountain Rice. Rocky woods;
frequent. July, Aug.
PANICUM L. Panic Grass
P. barbnlatum Michx. Rocky woods and hillsides; rare. July. Col-
chester, (Jones).
P. capillare L. Old-witch Grass. A common weed in sandy fields.
Aug., Sept.
P. claiidestimim L. Moist thickets; frequent. June, July.
P, depauperatum Muhl. Dry woods and fields; occasional. June- Aug.
P. dichotomum L. Woods; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Jones).
P. Iiuachncae Ashe. Open ground; frequent. June, July.
P. hnaclmcae Ashe, var. sihicola Hitchc. & Chase. Woods; occasional.
June, July.
P. iinplicatiim Scribn. Wet meadows; frequent. June, July.
P. latifolium L. Woodlands; frequent. June, July.
P. miliaceum L. European Millet. Waste places; rare. July, Aug.
Burlington, (Brainerd, Jones).
P. subTillosum Ashe. Dry woods and sandy ground. June, July. Bur-
lington, (Jones).
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 15
r. teimesseeuse Ashe. Moist ground; rare. .lune, July. UmiiiiKl-on.
(N. F. F.).
P. tsugetorum Nash. Sandy soil; frequent. June, July.
P. IVerueri Scribn. Sterile woods and knolls; rare. June-AuR. liur-
lington and Colchester, (Jones).
P. xautliophysuiii Gray. Dry sandy soil; frequent. July, Aug. A
broad-leaved form occurs, Burlington, (Jones).
PHALARIS L. Canary Grass
P. aruudiiiacea L. Reed Canary Grass. Wet grounds; occasional.
June, July. Var. picta L. Ribbon Grass. Persistent in old gar-
dens and an occasional escape to roadsides. July.
P. CANARiENSis L. Canary Grass. Waste places; occasional, but prob-
ably only as seed is scattered from bird cages. June-Sept.
PHLEUM L.
P. PRATENSE L. Timothy, Herd's Grass. Meadows; common. June.
July. Proliferous forms and plants bearing bulblets in the upper
leaf axils occur, Burlington, (Jones). (See Vt. Exp. Sta. Bull. ')=/>
PHRAGMITES Trin. Reed
P. commuuis Trin. Wild Broom Corn. Swampy margins of ponds ana
lakes; occasional. Aug., Sept.
POA L. MEADOW Grass. Spear Grass
P. alsodes Gray. Grove Spear Grass. Moist woods; frequent. May,
June.
P, annua L. Low Spear Grass. Waysides and fields; common. Apr.-
Sept.
P. COMPRESSA L. Canada Blue Grass, Wire Grass. Dry fields and wood-
lands; common. May-Sept.
P. debilis Torr. Weak Spear Grass. Dry rocky woodlands: fretiuent.
May, June.
P. nemoralis L. Rocky woodlands; occasional. June-Sept.
P. pratensis L. June Grass, Spear Grass, Kentucky Blur (Jrass. Fields
and meadows; common. May, June.
P. triflora Gilib. Fowl Meadow Grass. Wet soil; common. July. Aup.
The form known in Europe as P. kektims Reich, occurs. Burlini;-
ton, (Jones), probably introduced.
16 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
SETARIA Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass
S. GLAUCA (L.) Beauv. Yellow Foxtail, Pigeon Grass. Cultivatea
grounds and waste places; common. July-Sept.
S. iTALiCA (L.) Beauv. Millet, German Millet, Hungarian Grass. Occa-
sionally spontaneous in cultivated ground. Aug., Sept.
S. vERTiciLLATA (L.) Beauv. Rough Foxtail Grass. Persistent in old
garden, Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.
S. viRiDis (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail, Bottle Grass. Cultivated grounds
and waste places; common. July-Sept.
SORGHASTRUM Nash.
S. nutans (L.) Nash. Indian Grass, Wood Grass. Dry sandy soil; occa-
sional. Aug., Sept.
' SPARTINA Schreb. Cord or Marsh Grass
S. Micliauxiaua Hitchc. Slough Grass. Shores of Lake Champlain and
its tributaries; frequent. Aug., Sept.
SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn.
S. nitida (Spreng.) Scribn. Woods; rare. June. Colchester, (Tor-
rey),
S. pallens (Spreng.) Scribn. Marshes; occasional. June, July.
SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Drop-seed. Rush Grass
S. Taginiflorus (Torr.) Wood. Dry soil; occasional and variable. Sept.
TRISETUM Pers.
T. melicoides (Michx.) Vasey. One form occurs. Var. majus (Gray)
Hitchc. Rocky banks of Winooski River, Colchester and Willis-
ton, (Pringle) ; Essex, (Jones). July.
T. spicatnm (L.) Richter. Narrow False Oat. Rocky banks; occa-
sional. June.
ZIZANIA (Gronov.) L. Water or Indian Rice
Z. aquatica L. Wild Rice, Water Oats. In shallow water; occasional.
Aug., Sept.
HoRDEUM sativum Jesseu, Barley, SecalE cereale L., Rye, Triticum
SATIVUM Lam., Wheat and Zea Mays L., Indian Corn are occasional
in waste places.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 17
CYPERACEAE. SEDGE FAMILY
CAREX (Rupp.) L. Sedge
C. albicans Willd. Dry shady ledges; common. June, July.
C. alopeeoidea Tuckerm. Wet meadows; rare. June, July, liurllng-
ton, (Hazen).
C. arctata Boott. Moist woodlands; common. May, June.
C. aiirea Nutt. Moist meadows and springy banks; frequent. June,
July.
C. Bebbii Olney. Low ground; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Ha-
zen).
€. bromoides Schkuhr. Bogs and swamps; frequent. June, July.
C. bruimescens Poir. Open woods and dry rocky banks; rare. June,
July. Colchester, (Griffin).
C. cauescens L., var, disjuiicta Fern. Wet places; occasional. June,
July.
C. castanea Wahlenb, Low meadows; rare. June, July. Williston,
(N. F. F.).
C. cephaloidea Dewey. Moist woodlands; rare. June, July. South
Burlington, (Hazen).
C. ceplialophora Muhl. Dry woods; frequent. June, July.
C. cliordorrliiza L. f. Cold bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Jones.
Grout).
C, communis Bailey. Dry open woods; common. May, June.
C. comosa Boott. Swamps; occasional. June, July.
C. conoidea Schkuhr. Moist grassy places; occasional. June. July.
C. Crawfordii Fern, Open sterile soil; frequent. June-Aug. Var.
viGENS Fern. Burlington, (Hazen). July.
C. crinita Lam. Swales and along brooks; common. June. July.
C. crinita Lam., var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. c^- Torr. Same
situations as the type; frequent. June, July.
C. crinita Lam., var. minor Boott. Rare. June, July. Burlington,
(Hazen).
C. cristata Schwein. Wet grounds; occasional. June. July.
18 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
C. deljilis Michx., var. Rudgei Bailey. Moist sterile soil; rare. June,
July. Colchester, (Hazen).
C. Deweyaiia Schwein. Dry woodlands; common. June, July.
C. diaiidra Schrank. Bogs; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Ha-
zen).
C. digitalis Willd. Dry open woods; rare. June, July. Burlington,
(Hazen).
C. eburuea Boott. Dry shaded limestone; common. May- July.
C. festucacea Schkuhr. Dry or rocky soil; rare. June, July. Burling-
ton, (N. F. F.).
C".- filiformis L. Bogs and shallow water; occasional. June, July.
C. flaya L. Damp places; rare. June, July. Williston, (N, F. F.).
C. foeuea Willd. Dry woods and banks; rare. July. Colchester,
(Griffin).
0. folliculata L. Wet woods; rare. June-Aug. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
C. formosa Dewey. Moist meadows; rare. June. Shelburne, (N. F. F).
C. gracillima Schwein. Low meadows; common. June, July.
C. grauularis Muhl. Moist meadows; common. June, July.
C. graimlaris Muhl., var. Haleaiia (Olney) Porter. Burlington, (Ha-
zen). June, July.
r. grisea Wahlenb. Low meadows; rare. June. South Burlington,
(X. F. F.).
C. Houglitoiiii Torr. Dry sandy banks; rare. June, July. Burling-
ton, (N. F. F.).
C. liysterieiiia Muhl. Swales; common. June, July.
V. iutumesceiis Rudge. Swamps and wet woods; occasional. June-
Aug.
C. iiitnmeseeus Rudge, var. Ferualdii Bailey. Same situations as the
type; occasional. June-Aug.
C. laxitlora Lam. Rich woods and meadows; occasional. May, June.
C. laxiflora Lam., var. patiilifolia (Dewey) Carey. Burlington, (Jones).
May, June.
€. leiiticularis Michx. Gravelly or sandy shores; rare. June-Aug.
Shelburne, (Pringle).
C. leptalea Wahlenb. Bogs and wet meadows; occasional. June, Julv.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 19
C. liiuosa L. Bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester anrl South Bur-
lington, (Hazen).
C. loiigirostris Torr. Rocky woods; rare. May, June. South Bur-
lington, (Jones and Hazen); Colchester, (Griffin).
C. liipuliforiiiis Sartw, Marshes along Lake Champlain; occasional.
July, Aug.
C. lupiiliiia Muhl. Swamps and ditches; common. July, Aug.
C. lupuliua Muhl., var. i)e(liiiiouhit.a Dewey. Swamps; rare. July, Aug.
Burlington, (Hazen).
C. lurida Wahlenb. Wet meadows; common. July, Aug. Very vari-
able.
C. mirabilis Dewey. Moist shady places; occasional. June, July.
C, 3Iuhleiil)ergii Schkuhr. Dry sandy soil; rare. June, July. Col-
chester, (Brainerd and Hazen).
i. Oederi Retz., var. pumila (Coss. & Germ.) Fern. Shore of Lake
Champlain, Shelburne, (Ross). June, July.
C. pallesceus L. Low meadows; common. June. July.
C. pauciflora Lightf. Cold bogs; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Ha-
zen).
r. paupercula Michx., var. irrig"iia (Wahlenb.) Fern. Cold bogs; occa-
sional. June-Aug.
C. pedunciilata Muhl. Rich woods; frequent. May.
C, peiinjsylvaiiica Lam. Dry sandy soil; common. May, June.
C. peuusylvauiea Lam., var. liicorum (Willd.) Fern. Richer damper
soil than the type. May, June. Burlington, (Brainerd).
C. plaiitag'iiiea Lam. Rich woods; frequent. May.
C. platyplijila Carey. Shady banks; common. May, June.
C. prasiiia W^ahlenb. Springy bogs in woods; occasional. June, July.
C, piibescens Muhl. Copses and rich woods; rare. May. June. Soutn
Burlington, (Shaw).
C, retrorsa Schwein. Swamps; common. June, July.
C. riparia Curtis. Swales; occasional. June. July.
C. rosea Schkuhr. Dry open woods; frequent. June. July.
C, rostrata Stokes, var. iitriciilata (Boott) Bailey. Wet swamps: occa-
sional. June, July.
20 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
C. scabrata Schwein. Springy bogs in woods; frequent. June, July.
C. scirpoides Schkuhr. Boggy meadows; frequent. June, July.
C. scoparia Schkuhr. Low grounds; common. June, July. Var. con-
DENSA Fern. Colchester, (Hazen). June, July. Var. moniliformis
Tuck. Burlington, (Hazen). June, July.
C. siccata Dewey. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain; rare. June, July.
Burlington, (Hazen).
C. sparganioides Muhl. Rich woods; occasional. June, July.
C. stellulata Good. Low open ground; frequent. June, July.
C. stellulata Good., var. augustata Carey. Wet ground; rare. June,
July. South Burlington, (X. F. F.).
C. stellulata Good., var. excelsior (Bailey) Fern. Low open ground;
frequent. June, July.
C. stipata Muhl. Swales; common. June, July.
C. stramiuea Willd. Dryish copses and fields; frequent. June, July.
C. stramiuea Willd., var. echinodes Fern. Moist sandy soil, Burling-
ton, (Brainerd). July.
C. stricta Lam. Swales and marshes; frequent. June, July.
Cw tenella Schkuhr. Cold swamps; occasional. May, June.
C. tenuiflora Wahlenb. Bogs; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Rob-
bins).
C. torta Boott. By streams; rare. June. Colchester, (Griffin).
C, tribuloides Wahlenb. Open swales; frequent. July, Aug.
C. tribuloides Wahlenb., var. reducta Bailey. Moist copses; frequent.
July, Aug.
C. trisperma Dewey. Cold bogs in shade; occasional. June, July.
C. Tuckermani Dewey. Swales and marshes; frequent. June, July.
C. typliinoides Schwein. (C. typhina Michx.) Low margin of Lake
Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.
C. umbellata Schkuhr. Dry sandy soil; occasional. May, June.
C. varia Muhl. Dry woods; rare. May, June. Colchester, (Brain-
erd and Jones); Burlington, (Pringle).
C. Tesicaria L. Two forms occur. Var. jejuna Fern. Swales; rare.
June, July. Burlington, (Hazen). Var. monile (Tuck.) Fern.
Swales; common. June, July.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 21
C. Yulpiiioidea Michx. Moist pastures; common. June, .Jul\.
CYPERUS (Tourn.) L. Gamnm.ai.k
C. aristatus Rottb. Awned Cyperus. Wet sandy soil; frequent. Aug.,
Sept.
C. deiitatus Torr. Sandy shores of Lake Champlain; rare. Aug., Sept.
Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Burlington and Colchester, (X. F. F.).
Spikelets often abortive and changed into leafy tufts.
C. esculeiitus L. Yellow Nut Grass. Lake shore and river banks;
occasional. Aug., Sept.
C. filiculinis Vahl, var. macileutus Fern. Dry sandy soil; common.
July, Aug.
C. Hou^litoiiii Torr. On dry shifting sand, Colchester, (N. F. F.).
Aug., Sept.
C. riTularis Kunth. Shining Cyperus. Lake shore and river banks;
frequent. Aug., Sept.
C. strigosus L. Straw-colored Cyperus. Moist soil; frequent. July-
Sept.
DULICHIUM Pers.
D. aruudiuaceum (L.) Britton. Borders of ponds; occasional. July-
Sept.
ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike Rush
E. acicularis (L.) R. & S. Muddy shores below high water mark;
common. July-Sept.
E. dlaudra Wright. Wet sands of Winooski River; rare. Sept., Oct.
Burlington, (Brainerd, N. F. F.).
E, iutermedia (Muhl.) Schultes. Bank of Winooski River, Burling-
ton, (Brainerd, N. F. F.). Sept., Oct.
E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Muddy places; common. .July-Sept.
E. palustris (L.) R. & S. Wet ground; frequent. June-Aug. Var.
GLAUCESCENS (Willd.) Gray. Moist grassy places; frequent. July.
Aug. Var. vigens Bailey. (Var. major Sonder) Mouth of Wi-
nooski River, (Grout, Brainerd). July, Aug.
E. tenuis (Willd.) Schultes. Wet meadows; rare. June-Aug. South
Burlington, (N. F. F.).
22 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
ERIOPHORUM L. Cotton Grass
E. callitrix Cham. Hare's Tail. Peat bogs; frequent. May, June.
E. tenellum Nutt. Swamps and bogs; rare. July, Aug. Colchester,
(N. F. F.).
E. Tirgiuicum L. Cotton Grass. Bogs and wet meadows; common.
Aug., Sept.
E. Tiridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fern. Bogs; frequent. June, July.
RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Beak Rush
R. alba (L.) Vahl. White Beak Rush. Bogs; frequent. July-Sept.
R. fusca (L.) Ait. f. Brown Beak Rush. Burlington, (Torrey). July-
Sept. One specimen in U. V. M. Herb.
SCIRPUS (Tourn.) L. Bulrush or Club Rush
S, americauus Pers. Chair-maker's Rush. Sandy shores of Lake Cham-
plain; frequent. July-Sept.
S. atrociuctiis Fern. Wet meadows; occasional. July. Var. brack y-
PODus Fern. Rare. July. Colchester, (N. F. F.).
S. atroTireiis Muhl. Moist meadows; common. July, Aug.
S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Grass. Wet meadows; common. Aug.,
Sept.
S. fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. Marshy borders of bays
and tributaries of Lake Champlain; occasional. July-Sept.
S. georgianus Harper. Moist meadows; frequent. July, Aug. Pro-
liferous forms occur, Burlington and Colchester, (N. F, F.).
S. lieterochaetus Chase. Sheltered shores; frequent. July, Aug.
S. pedicellatus Fern. Swales; frequent. July, Aug.
S. rubrotinctus Fern. Wet meadows; frequent. July, Aug.
S. Smitliii Gray. Shores of Lake Champlain. Aug. Abundant at onu
station, Burlington, (Grout and Tracy).
S. Talidus Vahl. Great Bulrush. In shallow water; frequent. July,
Aug.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 23
ARACEAE. ARUM FAMILY
ACORUS L. Sweet Feag. Caeamus
A. Calamus L. Marshes; common. June.
ARISAEMA Martins. Indian Turnip. Dragon Arum
A. triphyllum (L.) Schott. Indian or Wild Turnip, Jack-in-the-Pulplt.
Rich moist woods; common. Apr., May. Spathes, petioles and
sheaths vary in color from pale green to dark purple with whitish
stripes or spots.
CALL A L. Water arum
C. palustris L. Wild Calla. Bogs and marshes; frequent. May, June.
SYMPLOCARPUS Salisb. Skunk Cabbage
S. foetidiis (L.) Nutt. Wet places; common. Apr., May.
LEMNACEAE. DUCKWEED FAMILY
LEMNA L. Duckweed. Duck's Meat
L. minor L. Lesser Duckweed. Stagnant water; frequent. Not found
in flower.
L. trisuica L. Ivy-leaved Duckweed. Ponds; occasional. Not found
in flower.
SPIRODELA Schleid.
S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed. Stagnant water; fre-
quent. Not found in flower.
ERIOCAULACEAE. PIPEWORT FAMILY
ERIOCAULON (Gronov.) L. Pipe wort
13. articulatum (Huds.) Morong. (E. septangulare With.) Border of
Lake Champlain, Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin). Aug., Sept.
24 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
PONTEDERIACEAE. PICKEREL=WEED FAMILY
HETERANTHERA R. & P. Mud Pi^antain
H. dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Water Star Grass. Ponds and streams; rare.
Aug. Mouth of Winooski River, (Grout and Tracy). A small
form occurs on muddy shore, Burlington, (N. F. F.).
PONTEDERIA L. PickEREL-weEd
P. cordata L. Borders of ponds and slow streams; frequent. July,
Aug.
JUNCACEAE. RUSH FAMILY
JUNCUS (Tourn.) L. Rush. Bog Rush
J. acumiiiatus Michx. Sharp-fruited Rush. Wet meadows; rare. June-
Aug. Essex, (Jones). This was a proliferous form of the species.
J. alpiuus Vill., var. iusi^uis Fries. Wet gravelly shores of Lake Cham-
plain; rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Burlington, (N.
F. F.).
J. articulatus L. Jointed Rush. Wet grounds; rare. July, Aug. Es-
sex, (Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F.).
J. brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. Moist places; frequent. July-Sept.
J. bufoniiis L. Toad Rush. Low grounds; common. June-Sept.
J. Dudley! Wiegand. Damp grounds; occasional. June-Sept.
J. effusus L. Bog Rush. Marshy grounds; common. July, Aug.
J, nodosus L. Knotted Rush. Swamps and gravelly banks; frequent.
July, Aug.
J. pelocarpus Mey. Brownish-fruited Rush. Shores of Lake Cham-
plain; rare. Aug., Sept. Shelburne, (Pringle); Colchester, (N.
F. F.).
J. tenuis Willd. Slender Rush. Fields; common and variable. June-
Sept.
LUZULA DC. Wood Rush
L. campestris (L.) DC, var. multiflora (Ehrh.) Celak. Common Wood
Rush. Meadows and open woods; frequent. May, June.
L. saltneusis Fern. Hairy Wood Rush. Woods and banks; frequent.
May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 25
LILIACEAE. LILY FAMILY
ALLIUM (Toiirn.) L. Onion. Garlic
A. tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek. Rich woods; rare. June, July. Col-
chester, (GrifRn).
ASPARAGUS (Tourn.) L. Asparagus
A. OFFICINALIS L. Garden Asparagus. Roadside escape from gardens;
frequent. June.
CLINTONIA Raf.
C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Clintonia. Cool moist woods; common.
May, June.
CONVALLARIA L. Lily of the Valley
C. majalis L. Persistent near old building site, Shelburne, (N. F. F.).
May, June.
ERYTHRONIUM L. Dog's-tooth Violet
E. americannm Ker. Yellow Adder's Tongue. Rich copses and wood-
lands; common. Apr., May.
HEMEROCALLIS L. Day Lily
H. fulva L. Common Day Lily. Roadside escape from gardens; occa-
sional. July.
LILIUM (Tourn.) L. Lily
L, eaiiadense L. Meadow Lily, Wild Yellow Lily. Moist meadows;
common. July.
L. pliiladelphiciim L. Wood Lily, Wild Orange-red Lily. Sandy open
woodlands; common. July.
L. TiGRiNUM Ker. Tiger Lily. Roadside escape from gardens: rare.
Aug. Burlington, (Miss Brown); Essex, (N. F, F.).
MAIANTHEMUM Wiggers.
M. cauadeuse Desf. Two-leaved Solomon's Seal. Wild Lily of the Val-
ley. Woods; common. May, June.
MEDEOLA (Gronov.) L. Indian CrcuMi'.FR-ROOT
M. Yirgiuiaiia L. Rich moist woods: common. May, June.
26 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
OAKESIA Wats.
0. sessilifolia (L.) Wats. Sessile-leaved Bellwort. Moist woodlands;
common. May, June.
POLYGONATUM (Tourn.) Hill. Solomon's Seai.
P. Mflorum (Walt.) Ell. Small Solomon's Seal. Wooded hillsides;
common. May, June.
SMILACINA Desf. False Solomon's Seal
S. racemosa (L.) Desf. False Spikenard. Moist copses; common.
May, June.
S. stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. Moist banks and
meadows; frequent. May.
S. trifolia (L.) Desf. Three-leaved Solomon's Seal. Cold sphagnum
swamps; occasional. June, July.
SMILAX (Tourn.) L. Cat Brier. GreEn Brier
S. herbacea L. Carrion-flower. River banks and moist thickets; occa-
sional. June.
STREPTOPUS Michx. TwistEd-stalk
S. roseus Michx. Cold damp woods; frequent. May.
TRILLIUM L. Wake Robin. Birthroot
T, ceruuum L. Nodding Trillium. Moist woods; rare. May. South
Burlington, ( Hood ) .
T. erectum L. Purple Trillium. Rich woods; frequent. May.
T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. White Trillium. Rich moist woods;
common. May.
T. nndulatum Willd. Painted Trillium. Cool moist woods; occasional.
May.
UVULARIA L. BELLWORT
TJ. grandiflora Sm. Large-flowered Bellwort. Rich woods; frequent.
Apr., May. A form occurs the leaves of which are variegated with
white; Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).
VERATRUM (Tourn.) L. False Hellebore
V. Tiride Ait. American White Hellebore, Indian Poke. Wet mead-
ows and swamps; common. June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 27
IRIDACEAE. IRIS FAMILY
IRIS (Tourn.) L. Fi.eur-dE-us
I. PSEUDACORUS L. Yellow Iris. A garden escape, bank of WinooskI
River, Essex, (Ross). June.
T, yersicolor L. Wild Iris, Blue Flag. Wet meadows; common. June,
July.
SISYRINCHIUM L. Blue-Eyed Grass
S. aiigustifolium Mill. Meadows, fields and damp sandy soil; common.
May, June.
ORCHIDACEAE. ORCHIS FAMILY
ARETHUSA (Gronov.) L.
A. bulbosa L. Sphagnum bogs; occasional. June. A white-flowered
form occurs, South Burlington, (Howe).
CALOPOGON R. Br.
C. pulchellus (Sw.) R. Br. Grass Pink. Bogs; occasional. June,
July.
CORALLORRHIZA (Haller) Chat. Coral Root
C. maculata Raf. Large Coral Root. Woods; occasional. July, Aug.
C. trifida Chat. Early Coral Root. Swamps and damp woods; occa-
sional. May, June.
CYPRIPEDIUM L. Lady's Slipper. Moccasin Flower
C. acaule Ait. Stemless or Pink Lady's Slipper. Dry woods; frequenr.
May, June.
C. arietinum R. Br. Ram's Head Lady's Slipper. Occasional in rocky
woods where it reaches great perfection, colonies of thirty-nine to
fifty blossoms having been seen. May, June.
C. liirsiitum Mill, Showy Lady's Slipper. Cold swamps; occasional.
June, July.
C. parviflorum Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper. Bogs and low
woods; rare. May, June. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colches-
ter, (Griffin).
C. parviflornm Salisb., var. pubeseeus (Willd.) Knight. Large Yellow
Lady's Slipper. Rich moist woods; frequent. May, June.
28 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
EPIPACTIS (Haller) Boehm. Rattlesnake Plantain
E. puljesceiis (Willd.) Eaton.- Downy Rattlesnake Plantain. Dry
woods; occasional. Aug.
E. repeiis (L.) Crantz, var. ophioides (Fern.) Eaton. Lesser Rattle-
snake Plantain. Cold mossy woods; rare. July. South Burling-
ton, (Mrs. Walker).
E, tesselata (Lodd.) Eaton. Cold moist woods; rare. Aug. Burling-
ton, (Collins); South Burlington, (N. F. F.).
HABENARIA Willd. Reix Orchis. Fringed Orchis
H. blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. White Fringed Orchis. Bogs; rare.
Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey).
H. bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. Long-bracted Orchis. Damp woods and
meadows; occasional. May, June.
H. clayellata (Michx.) Spreng. Small Wood Orchis. Bogs; rare. July,
Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey, Jones) ; Burlington, (Ross,
N. F. F.).
H. dilatata (Pursh) Gray. White Bog Orchis. Cold bogs; rare. June,
July. South Burlington, (Hazen).
H. fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. Large Purple Fringed Orchis. Cool moist
woods; rare. June, July. Essex, (Jones and Hazen).
H. Hookeri Torr. Dry woods; occasional. June.
H. liyperborea (L.) R. Br. Tall Green Orchis. Bogs and cold woods;
occasional. July.
H. lacera (Michx.) R. Br. Ragged Fringed Orchis. Moist ground;
rare. July, Aug. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Burlington, (N.
F. F.).
JI, macrophylla Goldie. Large-leaved Orchis. Moist coniferous woods;
rare. June, July. Williston, (Bates); South Burlington, (Ross).
11. orbiciilata (Pursh) Torr. Round-leaved Orchis. Cold rich woods;
rare. June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F., H. A. P. Torrey).
H. psycodes (L.) Sw. Smaller Purple Fringed Orchis. Wet meadows
and bogs; occasional. July, Aug.
LIPARIS Richard. Twayblade
L. liliifolia (L.) Richard. Large Twayblade. Woods; rare. June,
July. Colchester, (Eggleston). Specimen lost.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 29
L. Loeselii (L.) Richard. Fen Orchis. Damp fields; occasional. June,
July.
LISTERA R. Br. Tw.wbl.xde
L, cordata (L.) R. Br. Heart-leaved Twayblade. Sphagnum bogs;
rare. June. South Burlington, (Jones).
MICROSTYLIS (Nutt.) Eaton. Audf.r's Mouth
M. imifolia (Michx.) BSP. Green Adder's Mouth. Open woods; occa-
sional. July.
ORCHIS (Tourn.) L.
0. spectabilis L. Showy Orchis. Rich moist woods; occasional. May,
June.
POGONIA Juss.
P. aMuis Aust. Small Whorled Pogonia. One plant in woods at Fair-
holt, Burlington, (Mrs, Holt). May, June.
P. opliiog'lossoides (L.) Ker. Rose Pogonia, Snake-mouth. Bogs; fre-
quent. June, July.
P. yerticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Whorled Pogonia. Woods; rare. May,
June. Colchester, (Robbins, Torrey, Ross); Burlington, (Jones).
Has been found in two or three different stations at intervals of
several years.
SPIRANTHES Richard. Ladies' Tresses
S. cerima (L.) Richard. Nodding Ladies' Tresses. Wet soil; common.
Aug., Sept.
S. g'racilis (Bigel.) Beck. Slender Ladies' Tresses. Sandy woods and
plains; occasional. July, Aug.
S. Romanzoffiana Cham. Swamps and moist soil; rare. July, Aug.
Colchester, (Grifhn).
SALICACEAE. WILLOW FAMILY
POPULUS (Tourn.) L. Poplar. Aspkx
P. ALBA L. White Poplar, Silver-leaved Poplar, Abele. Frequent a.s
an escape from cultivation. Apr., May. Only pistillate trees occur.
P. l)alsamifera L. Balsam Poplar, Tacamahac. Wet ravines and bor-
ders of rivers; frequent. Apr., May.
30 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
r. CANDiCANS Ait. Balm of Gilead. Occasional in cultivation and
sometimes spontaneous. Apr., May.
r. deltoides Marsh. Cotton-wood, Necklace Poplar. Borders of streams
and of Lake Champlain; frequent. Apr., May.
P. graiidideutata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. Rich woods; frequent.
Apr., May.
P. NIGRA L. One form occurs. Var. italica Du Roi. Lombardy Pop-
lar. Frequently cultivated and tends to spread by sprouting from
the roots. Apr., May. Only staminate trees occur.
P. tremuloides Michx. American Aspen, Trembling Poplar. Woods;
common. Apr., May.
SALIX (Tourn.) L. W11.1.OW. OsiER
S. ALBA L. One form occurs. Var. vitellina (L.) Koch. White Wil-
low. Common in cultivation and occasional as an escape. Apr.,
May.
S. cordata Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. Wet soil ; common. Apr.,
May.
S. discolor Muhl. Pussy or Glaucous Willow. Wet soil; common.
Apr., May. Var. eriocephala (Michx.) Anders. South Burlington,
(Kirk and Jones). Apr., May.
S. FRAGiLis L. Crack Willow. Common in cultivation and as an es-
cape. May.
S. humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow. Dry sandy plains; common. Apr.,
May.
S. lougifolia Muhl. Sand-bar Willow. Shores of Lake Champlain;
occasional. May.
S. lucida Muhl. Shining Willow. Moist banks; frequent. May.
S. nigra Marsh. Black Willow. Banks of streams and ponds; com-
mon. May. Var. faecata (Pursh) Torr. Burlington, (Rand).
May.
S. pedicellaris Pursh. Bog Willow. Peat bogs; frequent. May.
S. petiolaris Sm. Slender Willow. Swamps and shores of Lake Cham-
plain; rare. May. Burlington, (Grout and Jones).
S. PURPUREA L. Purple Willow. A frequent escape to watersides.
Apr., May.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 31
S. rostrata Richards. Beaked Willow. Borders of thickets; common.
Apr., May.
S. sericea Marsh. Silky Willow. In swamps and along streams; rare.
Apr., May. Burlington and South Burlington, (Jones).
Some peculiar willows occur at Burlington, (Jones), which will prob-
ably prove to be hybrids.
MYRICACEAE. SWEET GALE FAMILY
MYRICA L.
M. asplenifolia L. Sweet Fern. Dry sterile soil; common. Apr., May.
M. Gale L, Sweet Gale. Swamps and borders of ponds; occasional.
May.
JUGLANDACEAE. WALNUT FAMILY
CARYA Nutt. Hickory
C. alba (L.) Koch. Mocker Nut, White-heart Hickory. Rocky pas-
ture, Burlington, (Burns). June.
C. cordiformis (Wang.) Koch, Bitter-nut or Swamp Hickory. Occa-
sional in cultivation, but rare otherwise. May, June. South Bur-
lington, (Hubbard and Strait).
C. ovata (Mill.) Koch. Shellbark or Shagbark Hickory, Walnut. Rich
soil; frequent. May, June.
JUGLANS L. Walnut
J. cinerea L. Butternut, White Walnut. Rocky hillsides; frequent.
May.
BETULACEAE. BIRCH FAMILY
ALNUS (Tourn.) Hill. Alder
A. iucana (L.) Moench. Speckled or Hoary Alder. Swamps and bor-
ders of streams; common. Apr. Several forms occur, which are
intermediate between this and A. rugosa, and are regarded by
some as hybrids.
A, mollis Fern. Downy Green Alder. Damp thickets and exposed
rocky banks; rare. May. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
32 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth Alder. Moist soil; frequent.
Apr.
BETULA (Tourn.) L. Birch
B. alba L., var. papyrifera (Marsh.) Spach. Paper, Canoe or White
Birch. Moist soil; common. Apr., May.
B. leiita L. Cherry, Sweet or Black Birch. Rich woodlands; fre-
quent. Apr., May.
B. lutea Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. Rich cool soils; frequent.
Apr., May.
B. populifolia Marsh. White, Gray or Old Field Birch. Poor sandy
soil; common. Apr., May.
CARPINUS (Tourn.) L. Hornbeam. Iron wood
C. caroliniaiia Walt. American Hornbeam, Blue or Water Beech.
Along streams; frequent. May.
CORYLUS (Tourn.) L. Hazelnut. Filbert
C. rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazelnut. Dry thickets; common. Apr., May.
OSTRYA (Mich.) Scop. Hop Hornbeam. Iron wood
0. Tirgiuiaua (Mill.) Koch. American Hop Hornbeam, Leverwood.
Rich woods; common. May.
FAGACEAE. BEECH FAMILY
CASTANEA (Tourn.) Hill. Chestnut
C. deutata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. Rocky woods and hillsides.
July. The trees on the Ethan Allen farm in the north part of
Burlington were supposed to represent the northern limit of this
tree, but it has recently been found in Colchester, (Griffin).*
FAGUS (Tourn.) L. Beech
F. graiidifolia Ehrh. American Beech. Rich uplands; common. May.
QUERCUS (Tourn.) L. Oak
Q, alba L. White Oak. Dryish woods; common. May.
Q. Ibicolor Willd. Swamp AVhite Oak. Borders of streams and swamps;
frequent. May.
♦This last station is probably the one referred to in Hemenway's Vermont
Gazeteer, Vol. 1, p. 758.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 33
Q. macroearpa Michx. Bur Oak, Over-cup or Mossy-cup Oak. Rich
soil; rare. May. Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griffin).
Q, Mulileubergii Engelm. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. Dry limestone
hillsides; rare. May. Colchester, (Griffin).
Q. rubra L. Red Oak. Rich or poor soil; common. May. Var. ambigua
(Michx. f.) Fern. Gray Oak. Rocky woods, Burlington, (Burns).
May.
Q. velutina Lam. Quercitron, Yellow-barked or Black Oak. Dry light
soil ; frequent. May.
URTICACEAE. NETTLE FAMILY
BOEHMERIA Jacq. False Nettle
B. cylindrica (L.) Sw. Moist shady ground; frequent. July, Aug.
CANNABIS (Tourn.) L. Hemp
C. SATivA L. Common Hemp. Waste places; occasional. July-Sept.
CELTIS (Tourn.) L. Nettle Tree. Hackberrv
C. occideutalis L. Sugarberry. River banks and intervals; occasional.
May.
HUMULUS L. Hop
H. japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Hop. Waste places; rare. July.
Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).
H. Lupui^us L. Common Hop. An occasional roadside escape. July.
LAPORTEA Gaud. Wood Nettle
L. canadensis (L.) Gaud. Rich woods; frequent. July, Aug.
MORUS (Tourn.) L. Mulberry
M. alba L. White Mulberry. An occasional escape to woods and road-
sides. May. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
PARIETARIA (Tourn.) L. Pellitorv
P. peuDsylyaiiica Muhl. Shaded rocky banks; rare. June, July. Bur-
lington, (Jones); South Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Grif-
fin).
34 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
PILEA Lindl. Richweed. ClEarweEd
P. pumila (L.) Gray. Cool and moist shaded places; frequent. July,
Aug.
ULMUS (Tourn.) L. Elm
U. americana L. American or White Elm. Moist soil; common. Apr.
U. CAMPESTRis L. English Elm, Commonly planted and escaped to
roadside, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Apr.
U. fulra Michx. Slippery or Red Elm. Rich rocky woods; occasional.
Apr.
U. racemosa Thomas. Cork or Rock Elm. Occurs as a shade tree in
Burlington and search will probably reveal it on the river banks
or calcareous ridges in this vicinity. Apr., May.
URTICA (Tourn.) L. Nettle
U. gracilis Ait. Slender or Tall Wild Nettle. Fence rows and moist
ground; common. July, Aug.
U. Lyallii Wats. Alluvial thickets and waste places; frequent. July,
Aug. Has hitherto been confused with U. gracilis.
SANTALACEAE. SANDALWOOD FAMILY
COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax
C. Ricliardsiaiia Fern. Dry sandy or gravelly soil; common. May,
June.
C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Dry ground; rare. May, June. Colchester,
(Griffin).
LORANTHACEAE. MISTLETOE FAMILY
ARCEUTHOBIUM Bieb.
A. pnsiUnm Peck. Dwarf Mistletoe. Parasitic on spruce and tama-
rack. May. Colchester, (Jones).
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. BIRTHWORT FAMILY
ASARUM (Tourn.) L. Asarabacca. Wild Ginger
A, canadense L. Rich woods; common. Apr., May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 35
POLYGONACEAE. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY
FAGOPYRUM (Tourn.) Hill. Buckwheat
F, ESCuivENTUM Moench. Persisting after cultivation. June-Sept.
POLYGONELLA Michx.
P. articulata (L.) Meisn. Coast Jointweed. Sandy shore of Lake
Champlain; rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Pringle, N. F. F.).
POLYGONUM (Tourn.) L. KnotweEd
P. acre HBK., var. leptostacliyiim Meisn. Water Smartweed. Wet
meadows; occasional. July-Sept.
P. ampliibiiim L. One form occurs. Var. Hartwrightii (Gray) Bis-
sell. Wet places; rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).
P. arifolium L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb. Wet ground; occasional.
Aug., Sept.
P. aviculare L. Knotgrass, Knotweed, Doorweed. Dooryards, waste
places, etc.; common. June-Sept.
P. ayiculare L., var. yeg^etum Ledeb. Burlington, (Grout). July-Sept.
P. ciliuode Michx. Fringed Black Bindweed. Rocky copses; frequent.
July-Sept.
P. CoNvoLVUEUS L. Black Bindweed. Cultivated and waste ground;
common. June-Sept;
P. cuspiDATUM Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Knotweed. Adventive in gar-
den, Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt). Aug., Sept.
P. erectum L. Erect Knotweed. Waysides, waste places, etc.; local.
July, Aug. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).
P. Hydropiper L. Common Smartweed or Water Pepper. Moist places;
common. July-Sept.
P. lapathifolium L. Dock-leaved or Pale Persicaria. Alluvial fields;
frequent. July-Sept. A stout form near var. nodosum (Pers.)
Weinm. occurs. Fort Ethan Allen, (N. F. F.).
P. Muhlenbergii (Meisn.) Wats. Swamp Persicaria. Muddy or exsic-
cated places; occasional. Aug., Sept.
P. ORiENTALE L. Prince's Feather. Persisting about gardens; occa-
sional. July-Sept.
36 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
P. peuusylvauicum L. Common or Pink Persicaria. Moist soil; fre-
quent. July-Sept.
P. Persicaria L. Lady's Thumb. Waste places; common. July-Sept.
P. sa^ittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. Low ground; common.
Aug., Sept.
P. scandeus L. Climbing False Buckwheat. Moist thickets; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
P. Tirgiiiiaimm L. Moist thickets; occasional. Aug., Sept.
RUMEX L. Dock. SorrEi,
R. AcETOSA L. Garden Sorrel. Adventive in grass lands, Burling-
ton, (Jones). June.
R. AcETOSEEEA L. Field or Sheep Sorrel. Fields, especially in sterile
soil; a common weed. May- July.
R. Britanuica L. Great Water Dock. Wet places; frequent. July,
Aug.
R. CRiSPUs L. Yellow Dock. Fields and waste places; common. June,
July.
R. MExiCANus Meisn. Rich soil; rare. July. Colchester, (Sprague) ;
Burlington, (N. F. F.).
R. MONTANUM Desf. A garden escape, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June.
Station destroyed by building operations.
R. OBTusiEOEius L. Bitter Dock. Fields and waste places; common.
June, July.
K. Patientia L. Patience Dock. Rich open soil ; frequent. June, July.
R. yerticillatus L. Swamp Dock. Swamps; frequent. June, July.
CHENOPODIACEAE. GOOSEFOOT FAMILY
CHENOPODIUM (Tourn.) L. Goosefoot. Pigweed
C. AEBUM L. Lamb's Quarters, Pigweed. Fields; a common weed.
June-Sept. Var. viride (L.) Moq. Becoming frequent. June-Sept.
Co ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea. Adventive on railway embankment,
Colchester, (N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.
C. BoTRYS L. Jerusalem Oak, Feather Geranium. Lake shore and
waste places; occasional. July-Sept.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 37
r. capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Elite. Rich ground; rare. July.
Burlington, (Jones and Howe).
C. GivAucuM L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. Railroad yard, Burlington,
(Orton). July-Sept.
C. hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. Shady ledges and waste
places; frequent. July-Sept.
C. URBicuM L. Upright Goosefoot. Adventive in lumber yards, Bur-
lington, (Howe). June- Aug.
SALSOLA L. Saltwort
S. Kali L., var. TEnuifolia Mey. Russian Thistle. Occasional as a
recent introduction, Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Jones).
Aug., Sept.
AMARANTHACEAE. AMARANTH FAMILY
ACNIDA L. Water Hemp
A. tuberculata Moq. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington,
(N. F. F.). Aug., Sept.
AMARANTHUS (Tourn.) L. Amaranth
A. blitoides Wats. Prostrate Amaranth. Waste places and along rail-
roads; becoming common. July-Sept.
A^ graecizans L. Tumble Weed. Waste and cultivated ground; fre-
quent. July-Sept.
A. retroflExus L. Green Amaranth, Pigweed. A common weed in cul-
tivated ground. July-Sept.
A. sPiNosus L. Thorny Amaranth. Adventive in cultivated ground,
Burlington, (Mrs. Walker), July-Sept.
PHYTOLACCACEAE. POKEWEED FAMILY
PHYTOLACCA (Tourn.) L. Poke weed
P. decandra L. Common Poke or Scoke, Garget, Pigeon Berry. Pas-
tures and fields; rare. July-Sept. Colchester, (Jones).
38 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
AIZOACEAE
MOLLUGO L. Indian ChickweEd
M. vERTiciLLATA L. Carpet Weed. Cultivated ground and waste places
in sandy soil; frequent. July-Oct.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE. PINK FAMILY
AGROSTEMMA L. Corn Cockle
A. GiTHAGO L. Cultivated fields; occasional. June, July.
ARENARIA L. Sandwort
A. lateriflora L. Blunt-leaved Sandwort. Rocky headland of Lake
Champlain, Burlington, (Miss Hitchcock). June, July.
A. SERPYELiFOEiA L. Thymc-lcaved Sandwort. Dry rocky places; fre-
quent. June-Aug.
A. stricta Michx. Rock Sandwort. Cliffs and headlands of Lake Cham-
plain; occasional. June, July.
CERASTIUM L. MousE-Ear ChickwEEd
C. aryeiise L, Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Dry or rocky places; rare.
June, July. Colchester, (Griffin).
C. nutans Raf. Nodding Chickweed. Moist rich soil ; rare. June, July.
Colchester, (Griffin).
C. vuEGATUM L. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fields, dooryards,
etc. ; common. Apr. -Oct.
DIANTHUS L. Pink. Carnation
D, barbatus L. Sweet William. Roadside escape from garden, Essex,
(N. F. F.). June, July.
GYPSOPHILA L.
G. muralis L. Low Gypsophila. Spontaneous in garden, Burlington,
(Jones); in old field, Colchester, (N. F. F.). July-Sept.
LYCHNIS (Tourn.) L. Campion
L. alba Mill. White Campion. Waste grounds and roadsides; rare.
June-Aug. Burlington, (Grout) ; weed in meadow, Colchester,
(Jones).
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 39
L. DioiCA L. Red Campion. Persistent in old dooryard, Colchester,
(N. F. F.) ; in grass land, Burlington, (Morse). July-Sept.
SAPONARIA L.
S. OFFICINALIS L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. Waste places and road-
sides; common. July-Oct.
S. Vaccaria L. Cow-herb. Railroad yards, Burlington, (N. F. F.,
Ross). June, July.
SILENE L. Catch FLY. Campion
S. aiitirrhiua L. Sleepy Catchfly. Dry soil; frequent. June- Aug.
S» Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. Spontaneous in garden, Bur-
lington, (N. F. F.). July-Sept.
S. ivATiFouA (Mill.) Britten & Rendle. Bladder Campion. Roadsides
and fields; occasional. June, July.
S. NOCTiFLORA L. Night-flowering Catchfly. Cultivated grounds and
waste places; occasional. June-Oct.
SPERGULA L. Spurrey
S. ARVENSis L. Corn Spurrey. Weed in cultivated grounds; occasional.
June-Sept.
S. SATiVA Boenn. Field Spurrey. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur-
lington, (Hazen). June, July.
STELLARIA L. ChickwEEd. Starwort
S. borealis Bigel. Northern Stitchwort. Shaded or wet places; rare.
June-Aug. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
S. GR.\MiNEA L. Lesser Stitchwort or Starwort. Roadsides and moist
grasslands; frequent. June, July. Var. eatifolia Peterm. Damp
grassy place, Williston, (N. F. F.).
S. loiigifolia Muhl. Long-leaved Stitchwort. Damp intervals: occa-
sional. June, July.
S. MEDIA (L.) Cyrill. Common Chickweed. A common weed in moist
shaded places. Apr. -Oct.
40 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
PORTULACACEAE. PURSLANE FAMILY
CLAYTONIA (Gronov.) L. Spring Beauty
C. caroliniana Michx. Spring Beauty. Rich open woods; frequent.
Apr., May.
C. Tirginica L. Broad-leaved Spring Beauty. Wooded edge of interval,
South Burlington, (Torrey, Jones). Apr., May.
PORTULACA (Tourn.) L. Purslane
P. OLERACEA L. Common Purslane, Pusley. Cultivated and waste
grounds; common. June- Aug.
NYMPHAEACEAE. WATER LILY FAMILY
BRASENIA Schreb. Water Shield
B. Schreberi Gmel. Ponds; rare, July, Aug. Shelburne, (Jones);
Colchester, (Macrae, N. F. F.).
CASTALIA Salisb. Water Lily. Water Nymph
C. odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Sweet-Scented White Water Lily,
Pond Lily. Ponds and slow streams; common. July, Aug.
C. tuberosa (Paine) Greene. Tuberous White Water Lily. Tribu-
taries of Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. Shelburne, (Pringle) ;
Burlington, (Grout and Tracy).
NYMPHAEA (Tourn.) L. Yellow Pond Lily. Spatter Dock
Jf. advena Ait. Cow Lily, Large Yellow Pond Lily. Ponds and slow
streams; common. June- Aug.
y, microphylla Pers. Small Yellow Pond Lily, Ponds and slow
streams; frequent. June-Aug.
X ? X. riibrodisca (Morong) Greene. La Plot River, Shelburne, (Prin-
gle). June-Aug.
RANUNCULACEAE. CROWFOOT FAMILY
ACTAEA L. Baneberry. Cohosh
A. alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry, Doll's Eyes. Rich woods; com-
mon. May.
A. rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry. Rich woods; common. May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 41
ANEMONE (Tourn.) L. Anemone
A. canadensis L. Round-headed Anemone. Moist rocky banks; fre-
quent. May, June.
A. cylindrica Gray. Long-fruited Anemone. Dry woods and fields;
frequent. June, July.
A. multifida Poir. Cut-leaved Anemone. Ledgy shores; rare. June.
Colchester and Burlington, (Robbins, Torrey).
A, quinquefolia L. Wood Anemone, Wind Flower. Margin of woods;
common. May.
A. riparia Fern. Gravelly and rocky banks; frequent. June, July.
A. yirginiana L. Tall Anemone. Woods and meadows ; common. June,
July.
AQUILEGIA (Tourn.) L. Coeumbine
A. canadensis L. Wild Columbine. Rocky places and dry sandy plains;
common. May, June.
A, vuEGARis L. Garden Columbine. Common in cultivation and a rare
roadside escape. June. Colchester, (Jones); Williston, (N. F, F.).
CALTHA (Rupp.) L. Marsh Marigold
C« palustris L. Cowslips. Swamps and wet meadows; common. Apr.,
May.
CIMICIFUGA L. Bugbane
C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh. U. V. M.
Herb., Torrey collection. There is no locality on the label, but
there is very little doubt that this was collected in Burlington,
fifty years or so ago. July.
CLEMATIS L. Virgin's Bower
C. Terticillaris DC. Purple Clematis. Rocky woods; frequent. May.
C. yirgiuiana L. Wild Clematis, Virgin's Bower, Traveler's Joy. River
banks and moist thickets; common. July, Aug.
COPTIS Salisb. Goldthread
C. trifolia (L.) Salisb. Canker-root. Wet woods; common. Apr., May.
HEPATICA (Rupp.) Hill. Liverleaf. Hepatica
H. acutiloba DC. Sharp-lobed Liverleaf. Woods; frequent. Apr., May.
42 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
H. triloba Chaix. Round-lobed Liverleaf. Warm open woods; com-
mon. Apr., May. Interesting variations in leaf and flower char-
acters have been observed.*
HYDRASTIS Ellis. Oraxge-root. Yki^low Puccoon
H, canadensis L. Golden Seal. Rich woods; rare. May. Shelburne,
(Horsford).
RANUNCULUS (Tourn.) L. Crowfoot. Buttercup
K. abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Shady banks; common.
Apr.-June.
It. abortirus L., var. eucyclus Fern. Shady bank, Burlington, (N. F.
F.). May, June.
R. ACRis L. Tall Crowfoot or Buttercup. Everywhere as a weed in
grass lands. May-Oct. Var. Steveni (Andrz.) Lange. Grass
lands; frequent. May-Oct.
11, aquatilis L., var. capillaceus DC. Common White Water Crowfoot.
In slow water; rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin).
E, BUEBOSUS L. Bulbous Crowfoot or Buttercup. Introduced in field.
South Burlington, (Collins). May, June.
B. circinatus Sibth. Stiff Water Crowfoot. La Plot River, Shelburne,
(Torrey). June-Aug.
R. delphinifolius Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot. Still water and muddy
banks; occasional. May, June. Var. terrEstris (Gray) Farwell
Occasional. This seems to be the form the species takes when
rooting out of water or left in the mud of drying ponds.
li. riamniula L., var. reptans (L.) Mey. Creeping Spearwort. Gravelly
or sandy shores; occasional. July, Aug.
R. peunsylvanicus L. f. Bristly Crowfoot. Wet places; frequent. July,
Aug.
R. recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot. Moist woods; frequent. May,
June.
R. REPENS L. Creeping Buttercup. Adventive in lawns, Burlington,
(Jones, Mrs. Forbes). June, July.
R. sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot. Wet ditches and low grounds;
local. June, July. Colchester and Burlington, (N. F. F.).
*See "Vagaries of Hepatica" by F. A. Ross in Torreya, Vol. 3. (Apr.,
iyOo) .
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 43
R. septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup. Wet places; frequent.
May, June.
THALICTRUM (Tourn.) L. Meadow Rue
T. confine Fern. Rocky shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N.
F. F.). July-Sept.
T. dioiciim L. Early Meadow Rue. Rocky woodlands; common. Apr.,
May.
T, polyg'amum Muhl. Tall Meadow Rue. Moist meadows; common.
June, July.
BERBERIDACEAE. BARBERRY FAMILY
BERBERIS (Tourn.) L. Barberry
B. VULGARIS L. Common Barberry. A frequent escape from cultiva-
tion. May, June.
CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. BeuE Cohosh
C. thalictroides (L.) Michx. Pappoose Root. Rich woods; common.
Apr., May.
LAURACEAE. LAUREL FAMILY
BENZOIN Fabric. Wild Allspice. Fever Bush
B. aestirale (L.) Nees. Spice Bush, Benjamin Bush. Damp woods.
Apr., May. Abundant at the one station, South Burlington, (N.
F. F.).
PAPAVERACEAE. POPPY FAMILY
CHELIDONIUM (Tourn.) L. Celandine
C. majus L. Waste places; frequent. May-Aug.
PAP AVER (Tourn.) L. Poppy
P. Rhoeas L. Corn Poppy. Persistent in garden, Burlington, (N.
F, F.). June-Sept. This is the commonly cultivated Shirley poppy.
SANGUINARIA (Dill.) L. Bloodroot
S. canadensis L. Borders of rich woods; common. Apr., May.
44 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
FUMARIACEAE. FUMITORY FAMILY
ADLUMIA Raf. Climbing Fumitory
A. fuugosa (Ait.) Greene. Mountain Fringe, Allegheny Vine. Rich
rocky woods; occasional. July-Sept.
CORYDALIS (Dill.) Medic.
C, anrea Willd. Golden Corydalis. Rocky banks; rare. Apr.- June.
Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colchester, (GrifRn).
C. sempervireus (L.) Pers. Pale or Pink Corydalis. Rocky woodlands;
frequent. May-Aug.
DICENTRA Bernh.
D, canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel Corn. Rich woods; rare.
Apr., May. Shelburne, (Torrey) ; South Burlington, (N. F. F.).
D, Cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's Breeches. Rich woods; occa-
sional. Apr., May.
FUMARIA (Tourn.) L. Fumitory
F. officinalis L. Common Fumitory. Persistent in old garden, Es-
sex, (Jones). June- Aug.
CRUCIFERAE. MUSTARD FAMILY
ARABIS L. Rock Crfss
A. brachycarpa (T. & G.) Britton. Purple Rock Cress. Sandy soil,
rocky banks, etc.; frequent. June, July.
A. Drummondii Gray. Rocky places; occasional. May, June.
A. glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard. Rocks and fields; occasional.
June.
A. hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock Cress. Rocky places; frequent.
June.
A. laeyigata (Muhl.) Poir. Smooth Rock Cress. Rocky places; occa-
sional. May, June.
BARBAREA R. Br. Winter Cress
B, stricta Andrz. Erect-fruited Winter Cress. Roadsides and mead-
ows; common. May, June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 45
H. VULGARIS R. Br. Common Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket. Low
grounds and roadsides; rare. May, June. South Burlington,
(N. F. F.).
BERTEROA DC.
B. INCANA (L.) DC. Hoary Alyssum. A weed in lawns and by way-
sides. First noticed in Burlington, (Miss Towle), 1895, but now
becoming frequent. June-Oct.
BRASSICA (Tourn.) L. Mustard. Turnip
B. ARVENSis (L.) Ktze. Charlock. A weed in fields; common. June-
. Oct.
B. CAMPESTRis L. Rutabaga. Fields; frequent. June-Oct.
B. juNCEA (L.) Cosson. Indian Mustard. Fields; occasional. June-
Oct.
B. NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. Waste places; rarely seen. July-
Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
CAMELINA Crantz. False Flax
C. microcarpa Andrz. Fields, etc.; occasional. June, July.
CAPSELLA Medic. Shepherd's Purse
C. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. A common weed. Apr. -Oct.
CARDAMINE (Tourn.) L. Bitter Cress
C. parviflora L. Small Bitter Cress. Dry rocky woods; occasional.
May, June.
C. peiinsylTanica Muhl. Bitter Cress. Cold wet woods and moist
ground; common. May, June.
DENTARIA (Tourn.) L. Tooth wort. PeppER-root
D. diphylla Michx. Two-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich moist
woods; occasional. May.
D. laciiiiata Muhl. Cut-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich damp
woods; rare. May. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Shelburne,
(Pringle).
D. maxima Nutt. Large Toothwort or Pepper-root. Rich moist woods;
rare. May. Shelburne, (Pringle); South Burlington, (Perkins);
Colchester, (Griffin).
46 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
DRABA (Dill.) L. Whitlow-grass
D. arabisaus Michx. Twisted Whitlow-grass. Rocky cliffs; rare. May,
June. Burlington, (Torrey).
ERYSIMUM (Tourn.) L. Treacle Mustard
E. cheiranthoidES L. Worm-seed Mustard. Fields and railroad yards;
occasional. July-Oct.
LEPIDIUM (Tourn.) L. Pepper wort. PeppErgrass
L. apetalum Willd. Wild Peppergrass. Dry soil, especially along rail-
roads; common. June-Oct.
L, campestrE (L.) R. Br. Field or Cow Cress. Fields and roadsides;
rare. June. Burlington, (Jones).
L. viRGiNicuM L. Wild Peppergrass. Dry soil, especially along rail-
roads; common. June-Oct.
LOBULARIA Desv. SwEET Alyssum
L. maritima (L.) Desv. Occasionally spontaneous in gardens and
waste places. July-Sept.
RADICULA (Dill.) Hill. Water Cress
R. aquatica (Eat.) Robins. Lake Cress. Lakes and rivers; rare. July,
Aug. La Plot River, Shelburne, (Pringle) ; Malletts Creek, Col-
chester, (Griffin).
K, Armoracia (L.) Robins. Horseradish. A frequent escape to moist
grounds. May, June.
U, palustris (L.) Moench. Marsh Cress. Wet places; occasional.
June, July. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
K. palustris (L.) Moench, var. hispida (Desv.) Robins. Hairy Marsh
Cress. Wet places; frequent. June, July.
K. SYEvESTRis (L.) Druce. Yellow Cress. A weed in cultivated ground
and wet meadow, South Burlington, (N. F. F.). June.
SISYMBRIUM (Tourn.) L. Hedge Mustard
S. aetissimum L. Tumble Mustard. First introduced a few years ago,
but already becoming a common weed in fields, roadsides, etc.
June-Oct.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 4*7
)S* OFFICINAI.E: (L.) Scop., var. leiocarpum DC. Common Hedge Mus-
tard. A common weed in waste places and cultivated grounds.
June-Oct.
THLASPI (Tourn.) L. Penny Cress
T. ARVENSE L. Field Penny Cress, Mithridate Mustard. Waste places;
occasional. June. Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.).
CAPPARIDACEAE. CAPER FAMILY
POLANISIA Raf.
P. graveoleiis Raf. Clammy-weed. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain;
common. July, Aug.
SARRACENIACEAE. PITCHER=PLANT FAMILY
SARRACENIA (Tourn.) L.
S. purpurea L. Side-saddle Flower, Pitcher-plant, Huntsman's Cup.
Sphagnum bogs; frequent. June,
DROSERACEAE. SUNDEW FAMILY
DROSERA L. Sundew
D. longifolia L. Long-leaved Sundew. Bogs; rare. July, Aug. Col-
chester, (Pringle, Griffin).
D. rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew. Bogs and wet banks; fre-
quent. July, Aug.
CRASSULACEAE. ORPINE FAMILY
PENTHORUM (Gronov.) L. Ditch Stonecrop
P. sedoides L. Ditches and swamps; frequent. July-Sept.
SBDUM (Tourn.) L. Stonecrop. Orpine
S. acre L. Mossy Stonecrop. On rocks; occasional. June, July.
S. PURPUREUM Tausch. (S. triphyllum (Haw.) Gray) Garden Orpine,
Live-for-ever. Fields and roadsides; common. Aug., Sept.
48 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
S. TELEPHioiDES Michx. American Orpine. A roadside escape in sandy
soil, Colchester, (N. F. F.). Sept.
SAXIFRAGACEAE. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY
CHRYSOSPLENIUM (Tourn.) L. Golden Saxifrage
C. americanum Schwein. Wet shady places; frequent. May, June.
MITELLA (Tourn.) L. Miterwort. Bishop's Cap
M. diphylla L. Two-leaved Miterwort. Rich woods; common. Apr.,
May.
M. iiuda L. Naked Miterwort. Deep moist woods, in moss ; rare. May,
June. South Burlington, (Jones); Burlington, (N. F. F.).
PARNASSIA (Tourn.) L. Grass oe Parnassus
P. earoliuiana Michx. Wet banks; rare. Aug. South Burlington,
(Torrey, Ross); Burlington, (N. F. F.).
RIBES L. Currant. Gooseberry
R. aurEum Pursh. (R. odoratum Wend.) Missouri or Buffalo Cur-
rant. Occasionally persistent about old building sites. May.
R. Cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry, Dogberry. Rocky woods; com-
mon. May.
R. floridum L'Her. (R. americanum Mill.) Wild Black Currant. Moist
rich woods; frequent. May, June.
R. triste Pall. Swamp Red Currant. Cold swamps; occasional. May.
R, vulgare Lam. Garden Red Currant. Common in cultivation and
occasional as an escape in fence-rows and waste places. Apr.,
May.
SAXIFRAGA (Tourn.) L. Saxifrage
S. peunsylyanica L. Swamp Saxifrage. Bogs; rare. May, June. South
Burlington, (Benedict, N. F. F.).
S. Tirginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage. Exposed rocks and dry hill-
sides; common. Apr., May.
TIARELLA L. False Miterwort
Tv cordifolia L. Foam-flower. Rich moist woods; common. May,
June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 49
HAMAMELIDACEAE. WITCH=HAZEL FAMILY
HAMAMELIS L. Witch-hazef.
H. Tirginiaua L. Low woods; common. Oct.
PLATANACEAE. PLANE TREE FAMILY
PLATANUS (Tourn.) L. Svc.k.mokiv. Buttonwood
P. occidentalis L. Plane Tree. Alluvial banks; frequent. May.
ROSACEAE. ROSE FAMILY
AGRIMONIA (Tourn.) L. Agrimony
A. gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony. Roadsides and borders
of woods; frequent. July-Sept.
A. striata Michx. Woodland Agrimony. Woods and thickets; occa-
sional. July, Aug.
AMELANCHIER Medic. Juneberrv
A. cauadeusis (L.) Medic. Shad Bush, Service Berry. Woods; com-
mon. Apr., May.
A, oblougifolia (T. & G.) Roem. Rock Shad Bush. Moist woods and
rocky uplands; frequent. May.
A. spicata (Lam.) Koch. Shore Shad Bush. Banks of streams and
sandy soil; frequent. May.
CRATAEGUS (Tourn.) L. Hawthorn. White Thorn
C. alnoruni Sarg. Burlington, (Eggleston). Fl. May; fr. Sept.
C. apposita Sarg. Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.
r. macracaiitba Lodd. Burlington and South Burlington, (Edson). Fl.
May; fr. Sept.
C* macro sperma Ashe. Burlington, (Edson); Essex, (Jones). Fl.
May; fr. Sept. Var. matura (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eggles-
ton). Fl. May; fr. Aug., Sept.
C. Oxyacantha L. (C. monogyna Jacq.) English Hawthorn. Natural-
ized in ravines about Burlington, (Jones). Fl. May; fr. Sept.
50 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
C. pruinosa (Wendl.) Koch. Buiiington, (Edson). Fl. May; fr. Oct.,
Nov. Var, philadelphica (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eggleston),
C. punctata Jacq. South Burlington, (Jones); Burlington, (Edson).
Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.
C, rotuiidifolia Moench. Burlington, (Edson). Fl. May; fr. Sept.
C. sihicola Beadle, var. Beckwitliae (Sarg.) Eggl. Burlington, (Eg-
gleston). FL May; fr. Oct.
DALIBARDA Kalm.
D. repens L. Cool moist woods; frequent. July.
FILIPENDULA (Tourn.) Hill.
F. VULGARIS Moench. Dropwort. A garden escape well established
by roadside, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Station destroyed by street
improvements in 1908. June.
FRAGARIA (Tourn.) L. Strawberry
F. vesca L., var. americaua Porter. Wood Strawberry. Woods; com-
mon. Apr.- June.
F. Tirgiuiaiia Duch. Wild Strawberry. Fields; common. Apr., May.
GEUM L. AvENS
G. caiiadense Jacq. White Avens. Borders of woods; common. July,
Aug.
G. riyale L. Water or Purple Avens. Bogs or wet meadows; occa-
sional. May, June.
G. strictiim Ait. Yellow Avens. Moist meadows; common. July, Aug.
G. virginiaiiTim L. Rough Avens. Low grounds; rare. July. Bur-
lington, (N. F. F.).
POTENTILLA L. Cinquefoil. Five-finger
P. Anseriiia L. Silver Weed. Shores of Lake Champlain; common.
June-Aug.
P. anseriua L., var. concolor Ser. (Var. sericea Hayne) Shore of
Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.
P, argeutea L. Silvery Cinquefoil. Dry barren fields; common. June-
Sept.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 51
P. arguta Pursh. Tall Cinqiiefoil. Rocky hills; rare. June, July.
South Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griflfin).
P. canadensis L., var. simplex (Michx.) T. & G. Five-finger. Dry
sandy soil; common. May-July.
P. friiticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. Frequent in the boggy meadows
in the vicinity of Winooski Gorge. May-Sept.
P. monspeliensis L. Rough Cinquefoil. Dry soil; common. May- Aug.
P. palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Cinquefoil. Cool bogs; frequent. June,
July.
P. RECTA L. Adventive in lawn, Burlington^ (Hazen). Aug.
PRUNUS (Tourn.) L. Pi.um. Cherry
P. cuneata Raf. Appalachian Cherry. Sandy shores of Lake Cham-
plain and on the sand plains; frequent. May.
P. nigra Ait. Wild or Canada Plum. Woods and fencerows; frequent.
Apr., May.
P. pennsylvanica L. f. Wild Red, Bird, Fire, or Pin Cherry. Dry
woods and clearings; common. Apr., May.
P. pumila L. Sand Cherry. Rocky shore of Winooski River; rare.
May.
P, serotina Ehrh. Wild Black or Rum Cherry. Woodlands; frequent.
May, June.
P. Yirginiana L. Choke Cherry. Fencerows, woods and banks; com-
mon. May, June.
PYRUS (Tourn.) L.
P. americana (Marsh.) DC. American Mountain Ash. Wet woods;
occasional. May, June.
P. arlmtifolia (L.) L. f. Red Chokeberry. Swamp, Burlington, (Rand).
May, June.
P. arbutifolia (L.) L. f., var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robins. Purple
Chokeberry. Swamp, South Burlington, (N. F. F.). May, June.
P. AucuPARiA (L.) Ehrh. European Mountain Ash, Rowan Tree. Nat-
uralized and frequent about Burlington. May.
P. Malus L. Apple. Fencerows and roadsides; frequent. May.
P. melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Black Chokeberry. Moist woods, and
also rocky uplands; common. May, June.
52 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
ROSA (Tourn.) L. Rose
R. acicularis Lindl., var. Bourgeauiana Crepin. Prickly Rose. Ledges,
rocky woods, etc.; rare. June, July, Burlington, (Brainerd).
R. blanda Ait. Smooth Rose, Roadsides and ledges; frequent. June,
July,
R. Carolina L. Swamp Rose. Borders of swamps and streams; occa-
sional. June, July.
R, ciNNAMOMEA L. Ciunamon Rose. Once much cultivated and now
established by roadsides, etc.; occasional. June, July. South
Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (N, F. F.),
R, hnmilis Marsh, Pasture Rose. Rocky slopes; frequent. June, July.
R, RUBiGiNOSA L. Sweetbrier, Eglantine. Old pastures; frequent.
June, July.
RUBUS (Tourn.) L. Brambi^e
R. allegheuiensis Porter. High-bush Blackberry. Dry open thickets
and recent clearings; frequent. May, June.
R. liispidns L, Running Swamp Blackberry, Swamp Dewberry. Moist
woods; frequent, June, July.
R. idaeus L., var. aculeatissimus (Mey.) Regel & Tiling. (R. idaeus L.,
var, canadensis Rich.) Wild Red Raspberry. Thickets and clear-
ings; common. May, June.
X ? R. ueglectus Peck. Purple Raspberry. Rocky woods, gravelly
banks, etc.; occasional. May, June.
R, occidentalis L. Black Raspberry, Thimbleberry. Copses, fence-
rows, etc; frequent. May, June. Forma paludus (Bailey) Rob-
ins. Fencerow, Burlington, (Sprague),
R. odoratus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry, Moist shaded hillsides;
common. July, Aug,
R. recurvans Blanch. Recurved Blackberry. Open soil, thickets, etc.;
occasional, June.
R. tritlorus Richards. (R. pubescens Raf.) Dwarf or Running Rasp-
berry, Red Dewberry, Wet woods; frequent. May, June.
R. villosus Ait. Black Dewberry. Dry open places; occasional. May,
June.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 53
SANGUISORBA (Rupp.) L. Bl^rnet
S. MINOR Scop. Garden Burnet. Established in grass lands, Shel-
burne, (N. F. F.). .lune.
SORBARIA A. Br.
8. SORBIFOLIA (L.) A. Br. Ash-leaved Spiraea. An occasional escape
to' copses and roadsides, where it is well established. June.
SPIRAEA (Tourn.) L.
S. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. Meadow-sweet, Queen of the Meadow. Wet
meadows and rocky pastures; common. July, Aug.
S. toineiitosa L. Hardback, Steeple Bush. Low grounds; common.
July, Aug.
WALDSTEINIA Willd.
W. fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Barren Strawberry. Wooded hill-
sides; frequent. Apr., May.
LEGUMINOSAE. PULSE FAMILY
AMPHICARPA Ell. Hog Peanut
A. moiioica (L.) Ell. Rich damp woodlands; common. July-Sept.
APIOS (Boerh.) Ludwig. Groundnut. Wild Bean
A. tuberosa Moench. Low moist ground; frequent. July-Sept.
ASTRAGALUS (Tourn.) L. Miek Vetch
A. canadensis L. Shores of Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. South
Burlington, (Torrey) ; Colchester, (Griffin).
A. BebMnsii (Oakes) Gray. On limestone rocks, Winooski Gorge,
(Robbins), This, the only known station in Vermont, was de-
stroyed in 1894 when the new dam flooded the rocks.
CICER L.
C. ARiETiNUM L. Chick-pea. Adventive on railway embankment, Col-
chester, (N. F. F.). Sept., Oct.
DESMODIUM Desv. Tick Treeoil
D, canadense (L.) DC. Showy Tick Trefoil. Open woods and banks
of streams; frequent. July, Aug.
54 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
D. Dillenii Darl, Open woodlands; occasional. July, Aug.
D. grandiflomm (Walt.) DC. Rich woods; common. July, Aug.
D. nudiflorum (L.) DC. Dry woods; frequent. July, Aug.
LATHYRUS (Tourn.) L. Vetchung. Everlasting Pea
L. maritiinus (L.) Bigel. Beach Pea. Shores of Lake Champlain;
occasional. June-Aug. A white-flowered form occurs.
L. ochroleucus Hook. Cream-colored Vetchling. Headlands of Lake
Champlain; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Torrey) ; Col-
chester, (N. F. F.).
L* palustris L. Marsh Pea. Shores of Lake Champlain; occasional.
July.
LESPEDEZA Michx. Bush Clover
L, capitata Michx. Sandy soil; occasional. Aug.
LUPINUS (Tourn.) L. Lupine
L. PERENNis L. Wild Lupine. Sand plains; frequent. May, June.
MEDIC AGO (Tourn.) L. Medick
M. ARABiCA (L.) Huds. Spotted Medick. Adventive at Experiment
Farm, Burlington, (Jones). June-Aug.
M. HispiDA Gaertn. Bur Clover. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur-
lington, (Jones). June.
M, LUPULiNA L. Black Medick, Nonesuch. Roadsides and fields; com-
mon. May-Sept.
M. SATiVA L, Lucerne, Alfalfa. Often cultivated and occasionally
spontaneous. June, July.
MELILOTUS (Tourn.) Hill. SwEET Clover. Melilot
M. ALBA Desr. White Melilot or Sweet Clover. Waste grounds and
along railroads; frequent. June-Oct.
M. OFFICINALIS (L.) Lam. Yellow Melilot or Sweet Clover. Roadsides
and waste places; occasional. June-Aug.
ONOBRYCHIS L. Sainfoin
0. SATivA Lam. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Jones).
June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 55
ROBINIA L. Locust
R, Pseudo-Acacia L. Common Locust, False Acacia. Frequent in cul-
tivation and thoroughly naturalized. June.
R, viscosA Vent. Clammy Locust. An established roadside escape,
South Burlington and Colchester, (N. F. F.). June.
TRIFOLIUM (Tourn.) L. Clover. Trefoil
T, AGRARiuM L. Yellow or Hop Clover. Sandy soil; frequent. May-
Aug.
T, ARVENSE L. Rabbit-foot or Stone Clover. Dry sandy soil; common,
July-Sept.
T. HYBRiDUM L. Alsike Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May-
Aug.
T. MEDIUM L. Zigzag Clover. Adventive at Experiment Farm, Bur-
lington, (Jones). July, Aug.
T. PRATENSE L. Red Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May-
Sept.
T. PROCUMBENS L. Low Hop Clover. Railway embankment and lumber
yards; rare. June, July. Burlington, (Kirk, N. F. F.).
T. repens L. White Clover. Fields and roadsides; common. May,
June.
VICIA (Tourn.) L. Vetch. Tare
V. ANGUSTIEOLIA Reich. One form occurs. Var. segetalis (Thuill.)
Koch. Common Vetch. Roadsides, waste places, etc.; common.
June-Aug. A white-flowered form occurs on rocky bluff and beach
of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (N. F. F.).
V. Cracca L. Blue Vetch. Meadows and roadsides; frequent. June-
Aug.
V. tetrasperma (L.) Moench. Slender Vetch. In cultivated field, Bur-
lington, (Ross). June, July.
LINACEAE. FLAX FAMILY
LINUM (Tourn.) L. Flax
L. usitatissimum L. Common Flax. Occasionally adventive. . July-
Sept.
56 FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
OXALIDACEAE. WOOD SORREL FAMILY
OXALIS L. Wood Sorrei.
0. Acetosella L. Common Wood Sorrel. Cool moist woods; occa-
sional. June.
0. corniculata L. Lady's Sorrel. Fields and gardens; common. June-
Sept.
0. stricta L. Yellow Wood Sorrel. Dry or sandy soil; occasional.
June-Sept.
GERANIACEAE. GERANIUM FAMILY
ERODIUM L'Her. Storksbill
E. BoTRYs Bertol. On wool waste, bank of Winooski River, Burling-
ton, (Brainerd). Sept., Oct.
E. cicuTARiuM (L.) L'Her. Storksbill. Old garden, Burlington, (Mrs.
Grout); Experiment Farm, Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.
E. MOSCHATUM (L.) L'Hcr. Musk Storksbill. On wool waste, bank of
Winooski River, Burlington, (Brainerd). Sept., Oct.
GERANIUM (Tourn.) L. Cranesbill
G. Bickiiellii Britton. Dry rocky places; frequent. May, June.
G. maculatum L. Wild Cranesbill. Open woods and fields; occasional.
May, June.
G. Kobertiauum L. Herb Robert. Rocky woods and ravines; common.
May-July.
RUTACEAE. RUE FAMILY
ZANTHOXYLUM L. Prickly Ash
Z. americanum Mill. Northern Pricklv Ash, Toothache Tree. Rocky j
woods and river banks; occasional. Apr., May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 57
POLYGALACEAE. MILKWORT FAMILY
POL YG ALA (Toiirn.) L. Milkwort
P. paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala, Flowering Wintergreen. Woods,
in light soil; common. May. A white-flowered form occurs, Bur-
lington, ( Bigelow ) .
P. polygama Walt. Racemed Milkwort. Dry sandy soil; occasional.
June, July.
P. sauguluea L. Field or Purple Milkwort, Moist sandy soil; rare.
July-Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.).
P. Senega L. Seneca Snakeroot. Rocky soil; frequent. May, June.
P. yerticillata L., var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood. Loose-spiked Milk-
wort. Dry sandy soil; rare. Aug. Burlington, (Howe).
EUPHORBIACEAE. SPURGE FAMILY
ACALYPHA L. Three-seeded Mercury
A. yirgiiiica L. Moist hollows in fields; frequent. July-Sept.
EUPHORBIA L. Spurge
E. coROELATA L. Floweriug Spurge. Established in sandy field, Bur-
lington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.
E, Cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge, Graveyard Moss. A frequent es-
cape from cultivation about old houses and by roadsides. May-
Sept.
E. Helioscopia L. Wartweed. Gravelly shores and along Rutland
R. R. ; frequent. Aug., Sept.
E. hirsnta (Torr.) Wiegand. Dry sandy soil; common. July-Sept.
E. macnlata L. Milk Purslane. Open places, roadsides, etc. ; fre-
quent. July-Sept.
E. PLATYPHYEEA L. Shorc of Lake Champlain, Shelburne, (Pringle,
N. F. F.). June- Aug.
CALLITRICHACEAE. WATER STARWORT FAMILY
CALLITRICHE L. Water Starwort
C. palustris L. Quiet water; occasional. July, Aug.
58 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
LIMNANTHACEAE. FALSE MERMAID FAMILY
FLOERKEA Willd. Fai.sE Mermaid
F. proserpinacoides Willd. Bank of La Plot River, Shelburne, (Prln-
gle). May.
ANACARDIACEAE. CASHEW FAMILY
RHUS L. Sumach
B» copalliiia L. Dwarf Sumach. Rocky hills; rare. July. Colches-
ter, (Jones, GrifSn).
R. glabra L. Smooth Sumach. Sandy soil; rare. July. Colchester,
(N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).
R. Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak. Banks and moist thick-
ets; common. June. Var. radicans (L.) Torr. Common. June.
E. typhina L. Staghorn Sumach. Hillsides; common. June, July.
E. Ternix L. Poison Sumach, Elder or Dogwood. Swamps; rare.
June. Colchester, (Grout, Jones).
AQUIFOLIACEAE. HOLLY FAMILY
ILEX L. Holly
I. yerticillata (L.) Gray. Winterberry, Black Alder. Wet thickets;
common. June, July.
I. yerticillata (L.) Gray, var. padifolia (Willd.) T. & G. Colchester,
(Griffin). June, July.
I. yerticillata (L.) Gray, var. tenuifolia (Torr.) Wats. Mouth of Wi-
nooski River, (Eggleston). June, July.
NEMOPANTHUS Raf. Mountain Holly
N, mncronata (L.) Trel. Cool damp woods and swamps; frequent.
May.
CELASTRACEAE. STAFF TREE FAMILY
CELASTRUS L. Staff Tree. Shrubby Bitter-sweet
C scaudens L. Waxwork, Climbing Bitter-sweet. Moist banks and
thickets; common. June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 59
STAPHYLEACEAE. BLADDER NUT FAMILY
STAPHYLEA L. Bladder Nut
S. trifolia L. American Bladder Nut. Moist woods and thickets; occa-
sional. May, June.
ACERACEAE. MAPLE FAMILY
ACER (Tourn.) L. Mapi,e
A. Negundo L. Box Elder, Ash-leaved Maple. Frequent on banks of
the Winooski River and common in cultivation about Burlington.
Apr., May.
A. pennsylvanicum L. Striped Maple, Moosewood. Rich woods; com-
mon. May.
A. rubrum L. Red or Swamp Maple. Moist woods and swamps; com-
mon. Apr., May.
A. sacchariuum L. White or Silver Maple. River banks; frequent.
Apr.
A. saccharum Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. Rich woods; common.
Apr,, May.
A. saccharum Marsh., var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton. Black Sugar
Maple. Occasionally planted as a shade tree in Burlington and
vicinity, and search will probably reveal it in the moist woodlands
bordering the Winooski River or Lake Champlain. May.
A. spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple. Cool ravines; common. May,
June.
SAPINDACEAE. SOAPBERRY FAMILY
AESCULUS L. Horse-chestnut. Buckeye
A. HippocASTANUM L. Common Horse-chestnut. Commonly planted
and occasionally spontaneous. May, June.
60 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
BALSAMINACEAE. TOUCH=ME=NOT FAMILY
IMPATIENS (Rivin.) L. Balsam. JewelweEd
I. biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Moist shady places; common.
June-Sept. A form with reddish flowers occurs, Colchester, (N.
F. F.).
I. pallida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not. Cool moist shady places ; occa-
sional. July-Sept.
RHAMNACEAE. BUCKTHORN FAMILY
CEANOTHUS L. Red-root
C. aniericanus L. New Jersey Tea. Dry woodlands; common. July.
C. OTatus Desf. Smaller Red-root. Sandy banks of Lake Champlain,
Burlington, (Torrey). June.
I ; RHAMNUS (Tourn.) L. Buckthorn
R. aluifolia L'Her. Alder-leaved Buckthorn. Swamps; occasional.
June.
R, CATHARTiCA L. Commou Buckthorn. Common in cultivation and
frequently naturalized in woods and fields. May, June.
VITACEAE. VINE FAMILY
PSEDERA Neck. Virginia Creeper. Woodbine
P. quinquefolia (L.) Greene, var. Lirsuta (Donn) Rehder. Disk
Creeper. Clinging closely to limestone ledges, Burlington, (Jones).
June.
P. yitaceae (Knerr) Greene. Tendril Creeper. Moist woods, alluvial
thickets, etc.; common. June.
VITIS (Tourn.) L. Grape
V. bicolor Le Conte. Summer Grape. Deep gravelly soil and base of
cliffs; occasional. June.
T, Tulpina L. River-bank or Frost Grape. River banks; common.
June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 61
TILIACEAE. LINDEN FAMILY
TILIA (Tourn.) L. Linden. Basswood
T. aniericaiia L. Basswood. Woodlands; common. June, July.
MALVACEAE. MALLOW FAMILY
ABUTILON (Tourn.) Mill. Indian Mallow
A. Theophrasti Medic. Velvet Leaf. Occasional by waysides and as
a garden weed. Aug.-Oct. Williston, (Bates) ; Burlington, (Jones,
N. F. F.); Colchester, (Mrs. Walker).
HIBISCUS L. Rose Mallow
H. Trionum L. Flower-of-an-hour, Bladder Ketmia. Occasionally ad-
ventive in gardens and waste places. July, Aug. Burlington,
(Jones, N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).
MALVA (Tourn.) L. Mallow
M. Alcea L. European Mallow. A garden escape, Burlington, (N.
F. F.). June-Sept.
M. MOSCHATA L. Musk Mallow. Roadsides and waste places; occa-
sional. June, July.
M, ROTUNDiEOLiA L. Common Mallow, Cheeses. Waste places and cul-
tivated grounds; common. May-Oct.
M. vERTiciLLATA L. Whorled Mallow. Occasional as a weed in gardens
and waste places. Burlington, (Jones). July, Aug.
HYPERICACEAE. ST. JOHN'S=WORT FAMILY
HYPERICUM (Tourn.) L. St. John's- wort
H. Ascyron L. Great St. John's-wort. Bank of Winooski River near
High Bridge, (Perkins, Grout). July, Aug.
H. cauadense L. Wet places; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Torrey,
N. F. F.).
H. ellipticum Hook. Pale St. John's-wort. Wet places; frequent.
July, Aug.
62 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
H. mutilum L. Small-flowered St. John's-wort. Low grounds; com-
mon. July-Sept.
H. PERFORATUM L. Common St. John's-wort. Fields and roadsides;
common. June-Sept.
H. pnnctatum Lam. Spotted St. John's-wort. Damp places; frequent.
July, Aug.
H. Tirginicnm L. Marsh St. John's-wort. Swamps; frequent. July,
Aug.
CISTACEAE. ROCKROSE FAMILY
HELIANTHEMUM (Tourn.) Mill. RockrosE
H. majns BSP. Frostweed. Sterile soil; frequent. June- Aug.
HUDSONIA L.
H. tomentosa Nutt. One form occurs. Var. intermedia Peck. Beach
Heather. Sandy beaches of Lake Champlain; occasional. May,
June.
LECHEA (Kalm) L. Pin weed
L. intermedia Leggett. Dry sterile soil; frequent. July, Aug.
VIOLACEAE. VIOLET FAMILY
VIOLA (Tourn.) L. ViolET. Heart's-EasE
V. affiuis Le Conte. Moist thickets and boggy meadows. May. Col-
chester, (Brainerd).
V. arenaria DC. Sand Violet. Sand plains; common. May.
y. blauda Willd. Sweet White Violet. Cool rich woods; common.
May.
y, canadensis L. Canada Violet. Woods; common. May, June. Occa-
sional blossoms occur all summer.
y. conspersa Reich. Dog Violet. Low shady grounds; common. Apr.,
May.
V. cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet. Wet places; common. May,
June.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 63
Y. fimbriatula Sm. Sandy fields and dry hillsides; common. Apr.,
May. A white-flowered form occurs, Colchester, (Jones, N. F. F.).
A form with the basal lobes coarsely toothed occurs, shore of
Burlington Bay (Brainerd).
V. incognita Brain. Low moist woodlands; rare. May. Burlington,
(Grout).
V. lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. Moist meadow, Williston,
(Bates). May, June.
V. latiuscula Greene. Dry open woods, in light soil; occasional. May.
Burlington and Colchester, (Brainerd); Williston, (Ross).
V. nephrophylla Greene. Cold mossy bogs and borders of streams.
Apr., May. Colchester, (Brainerd); South Burlington, (Jones).
V. pallens (Banks) Brain. White Violet. Low wet grounds; common.
May.
V. pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. Rich woods; common. Apr.,
May.
V. renifolia Gray. White Violet. Wet mossy woods and swamps;
occasional. May.
T. rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. Rich woods; frequent. Apr.,
May.
V. rotuudifolia Michx. Round-leaved or Early Yellow Violet. Cool
moist woods; frequent. Apr., May.
V. scabriuscula Schwein. Smooth Yellow Violet. Rich moist woods;
frequent. May.
T, sororia Willd. Woolly Blue Violet. Moist meadows, alluvial woods,
etc.; frequent. May, June. A white-flowered form occurs, Wil-
liston, (Ross).
Y. TRICOLOR L. Pansy, Heart's-ease. Persistent in old gardens. Apr.-
Oct.
64 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
THYMELAEACEAE. MEZEREUM FAMILY
DAPHNE L. MEZEREUM
D, MEZEREUM L. Frequent in gardens and escaped to rocky woods,
Burlington, (Jones). Apr.
DIRCA L. Leatherwood. Moosewood
D. palustris L. Wicopy. Moist open woods; frequent. Apr., May.
ELAEAGNACEAE. OLEASTER FAMILY
SHEPHERDIA Nutt.
S. canadensis (L.) Nutt. Canadian Buffalo-berry. Rocky bluffs; occa-
sional. Apr., May.
LYTHRACEAE. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY
DECODON Gmel. Swamp Loosestrife
D. Terticillatus (L.) Ell. Water Willow. Swampy grounds; occa-
sional. July, Aug.
LYTHRUM L. Loosestrife
L. aeatum Pursh. Waste place, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.
ONAGRACEAE. EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY
CIRCAEA (Tourn.) L. Exchanter's Nightshade
C. alpina L. Smaller Enchanter's Nightshade. Deep woods; common.
July, Aug.
C. intermedia Ehrh. Burlington, (Jones); Colchester, (Griffin). July,
Aug.
r. lutetiana L. Enchanter's Nightshade. Woods; frequent July, Aug.
EPILOBIUM (Dill.) L. Wileow-hERb
E. adenocaulon Haussk. Northern Willow-herb. Moist places; fre-
quent. July, Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 65
E. augustifoliuiii L. Great Willow-herb, Fireweed. Common, especi-
ally in newly cleared lands. July-Sept. A white-flowered form
occurs, Colchester, (Perkins).
E. coloratnm Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow-herb. Wet places; common.
July, Aug.
E. densuiii Raf. Open low grounds; occasional. July, Aug.
E. molle Torr. Bogs; rare. Aug., Sept. Colchester, (Torrey, N. F. F.).
LUDVIGIA L. False Loosestrii-e
L. palustris (L.) Ell. Water Purslane. Ditches and swamps; com-
mon. June-Aug.
OENOTHERA L. Evening Primrose
0. biennis L. Common Evening Primrose. Dry soil; common. July-
Sept.
0. cruciata Nutt. Small-flowered Evening Primrose. Sandy or grav-
elly soil; rare. July-Sept. Burlington, (Ross); Colchester, (Ross,
Griffin).
0. LACiNiATA Hill. Sinuate-leaved Evening Primrose. Adventive at
Fort Ethan Allen, (Grout). Sept.
0, muricata L. Sandy soil, Burlington, (N. F. F.). July-Sept. Fur-
ther search will probably show this to be frequent.
0. Oakesianus Robbins. Adventive by roadside, Burlington, (Hazen).
July-Sept.
0. pnmila L. Small Sundrops. Fields; common. June-Aug.
0. SERRUEATA Nutt. Adveutive on railroad embankment, Burlington,
(N. F. F.). July-Sept.
HALORAGIDACEAE. WATER MILFOIL FAMILY
MYRIOPHYLLUM (Vaill.) L. Water Milfoil
M. spicatum L. Shelburne Pond, (Jones) ; Malletts Bay, (Griflln,
N. F. F.). Aug.
66 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
ARALIACEAE. GINSENG FAMILY
ARALIA (Tourn.) L.
A, hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla, Wild Elder. Rocky or sandy
woodlands; frequent. June, July.
A. nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. Moist woodlands; common. May,
June.
A. racemosa L. Spikenard. Rich woodlands; frequent. July, Aug.
PANAX L. Ginseng
P. qniuqnefolium L. Ginseng. Rich and cool woods; rare. July.
Burlington, (Ross); Colchester, (Griffin).
P. trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng, Ground-nut. Moist woods; common.
May, June.
UMBELLIFERAE. PARSLEY FAMILY
ANGELICA L. Angei^ica
A, atropurpurea L. Masterwort. Swamps and moist grounds; fre-
quent. June, July.
CARUM (Rupp.) L. Caraway
C, Carvi L. Caraway. About dwellings and by roadsides; frequent.
May, June.
CICUTA L. Water Hemlock
C. bulbifera L. Water Hemlock. Swamps; occasional. July.
C. maculata L. Spotted Cowbane, Musquash Root. Low grounds;
frequent. July.
CONIUM L. Poison Hemlock
C. MACULATUM L. Wastc placcs ; occasional. July. Burlington,
(Grout); Colchester, (Jones).
CRYPTOTAENIA DC. Honewort
C. canadensis (L.) DC. Moist woods; frequent. June.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY Q"t
DAUCUS (Tourn.) L. Carrot
D. Carota L. Wild Carrot, Queen Anne's Lace. A common and per-
nicious weed in meadows, fields, etc. July-Oct. The pink-flowered
form is occasional.
ERYNGIUM (Tourn.) L. Eryngo
E. virgatum Lam. Roadside escape from garden, Burlington, (Jones).
Aug.
HERACLEUM L. Cow Parsnip
H. lanatnm Michx. Masterwort. Wet grounds ; occasional, June, July.
HYDROCOTYLE (Tourn.) L, Water Pennywort
H. americana L. Wet places; common. June- Aug.
LEVISTICUM (Rivin.) Hill. Lovage
L. OFFICINALE (L.) Koch. Roadside escape from gardens; rare. June,
July. Shelburne, (N. F. P.).
OSMORHIZA Raf. SwEET Ciceey
0. Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke. Woolly Sweet Cicely. Rich woods; fre-
quent. May, June.
0. lougistylis (Torr.) DC. Smoother Sweet Cicely. Rich moist woods;
occasional. May, June.
PASTINACA L. Parsnip
P. SATivA L. Wild or Poison Parsnip. Roadsides and waste places;
common. June-Sept.
SANICULA (Tourn.) L. SaniclE. Black Snakeroot
S. canadensis L. Short-styled Snakeroot. Shaded ledges; frequent.
July.
S. greg-aria Bick. Clustered Snakeroot. Moist rich soil; rare. July,
Aug. South Burlington, (Orton) ; Colchester, (N. F. P.).
S. marilandica L. Black Snakeroot. Moist woods; common. June,
July.
S. trifoliata Bick. Large-fruited Snakeroot. Shelburne, (Boott).
Specimen in Gray Herb. July.
68 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
SIUM (Tourn.) L. Water Parsnip
S. cicntaefolium Schrank, Wet places; frequent. Aug., Sept.
TAENIDIA Drude.
T. integerrima (L.) Drude. Yellow Pimpernel. Rocky places; occa-
sional. June, July.
ZIZIA Koch.
Z. aurea (L.) Koch. Golden Alexanders, Early or Golden Meadow
Parsnip. Moist meadows; common. May, June.
CORNACEAE. DOGWOOD FAMILY
CORNUS (Tourn.) L. Cornel. Dogwood
C. alteruifolia L. f. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. Open woods; frequent.
May, June,
C. Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel or Dogwood, Kinnikinnik. Low woods
and banks; frequent. June, July.
C. canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel, Bunchberry, Cold damp woods; fre-
quent. May, June.
C, circinata L'Her. Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood. Rocky wood-
lands; frequent. May, June.
C. panicnlata L'Her. Panicled Dogwood. Rich thickets and banks;
frequent. June, July.
C. stolouifera Michx. Red-osier Dogwood. Wet places; common.
May, June. Occasional blossoms occur all summer.
NYSSA L. TuPEEO. PeppEridge. Sour Gum
y. sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum. Rich soil, generally swampy; rare.
May. Burlington, (N. F. F., Jones); Colchester, (Griffin).
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 69
ERICACEAE. HEATH FAMILY
ANDROMEDA L.
A. glaucophjila Link. Bog Rosemary. Bogs; frequent. May, June.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Bkarberrv
A. Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Red Bearberry. Rocky bluffs and sand
plains; rare. May. Burlington, (Perkins); South Burlington,
(N. F. F.).
CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench. Leather Leaf. Cassandra
C. calyculata (L.) Moench. Bogs; frequent. May.
CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Pipsissewa
0. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Prince's Pine, Pipsissewa. Dry woods; fre-
quent. July.
CHIOGENES Salisb. Creeping Snowberry
C. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Moxie Plum, Capillaire. Peat bogs and
mossy woods; rare. May. South Burlington; Colchester, (Grif-
fin).
EPIGAEA L. Ground Lauree. Trailing Arbutus
E. repeiis L. Mayflower. Sandy woodlands; common. Apr., May.
GAULTHERIA (Kalm) L. Aromatic Wintergreen
(m. procumbeus L. Teaberry, Checkerberry. Cool woods; common.
July, Aug.
GAYLUSSACIA HBK. Huckleberry
G. baccata (Wang.) Koch. Black Huckleberry. Sterile fields and
thickets; common. May, June.
KALM I A L. Laurel
K. aug-ustifolia L. Sheep Laurel, Lambkill, Wicky. Sterile fields and
peat bogs; common. June, July,
K. polifolia Wang. Pale Laurel. Cold peat bogs; frequent. May,
June.
LEDUM (Rupp.) L. Labrador Tea
L. groeulaudicuiu Oeder. Cold bogs; frequent. June.
70 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
MONESES Salisb. One-flowerEd Pyrola
M. uniflora (L.) Gray. Deep cold woods; rare. June. Burlington,
(Torrey, N. F. F.).
MONOTROPA L. Indian Pipe. Pinesap
M, Hypopitys L. Pinesap, False Beech Drops. Rich dry woods; occa-
sional. July- Sept.
M. uniflora L. Indian Pipe, Corpse Plant. Dark rich woods; common.
June-Aug.
PTEROSPORA Nutt. Pine Drops
P. andromedea Nutt. Pine woods; rare. July, Aug. Williston, (Prin-
gle) ; Colchester, (Bates, Ross).
PYROLA (Tourn.) L. WintergrEEn. Shin Leaf
P. americaua Sweet. Round-leaved Wintergreen. Open or sandy
woods; occasional. July.
P. asarifolia Michx., var. inearnata (Fisch.) Fern. Bog Wintergreen.
Sphagnum bogs; rare. July. South Burlington, (N. F. F.).
P. eliloraiitha Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. Open woods; fre-
quent. July.
P. elliptica Nutt. Shin Leaf. Rich woods; common. July.
P. secuiida L. One-sided Wintergreen. Rich woods; frequent. July.
RHODODENDRON L.
R. caiiadense (L.) BSP. Rhodora. Swamps; occasional. May, June.
II. cauescens (Michx.) Don. Swamp or June Pink, Pink Azalea. One
bush seen, but unfortunately no specimen taken. May, June.
Burlington, (N. F. F.).
VACCINIUM L. Blueberry. Cranberry
V. atrococcum (Gray) Heller. Black High Blueberry. Swamp, South
Burlington, (Jones). May.
V. canadense Kalm. Sour-top or Velvet-leaf Blueberry. Cool moist
woods; rare. May. Essex, (Jones).
Y. corymbosum L. High or Swamp Blueberry. Swamps and low thick-
ets; common. May, June.
I
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 71
V. macrocarpoii Ait. Large or American Cranberry. Peat bogs; occa-
sional. July, Aug.
V. Oxycoccos L, Small Cranberry. Cold peat bogs; frequent. June,
July, Var. intermedium Gray. (Var. ovalifolium Michx.) Col-
chester, (Oakes) ; South Burlington, (Jones).
V. pennsylyanicum Lam. Low Sweet or Early Sweet Blueberry. Dry
hills, barrens, etc.; common. May.
V. yacillans Kalm. Late Low Blueberry. Dry woodlands; common.
May, June.
PRIMULACEAE. PRIMROSE FAMILY
ANAGALLIS (Tourn.) L. Pimpernel
A. ARVENSis L. Common Pimpernel, Poor Man's Weatherglass. Ad-
ventive in garden, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June-Oct.
LYSIMACHIA (Tourn.) L. Loosestrife
L, NuMMUEARiA L. Moueywort, Yellow Myrtle. A frequent escape
to damp grounds where it is thoroughly established. June, July.
X L. prodiicta (Gray) Fern. Mouth of Winooski River, Burlington,
(Eggleston and Jones). July, Aug.
L. quadrifolia L. Whorled Loosestrife. Dry thickets; common. June,
July.
L. terrestris (L.) BSP. Bulb-bearing Loosestrife. Low grounds;
common. July, Aug.
L. thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife. Bogs and swamps; frequent.
June.
PRIMULA L. Primrose
P. officinalis Jacq. English Cowslip. Roadside escape from garden,
Burlington, (Jones). May.
STEIRONEMA Raf.
S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife. Moist thickets; common.
July, Aug.
S. laiiceolatum (Walt.) Gray. Lance-leaved Loosestrife. Low ground
along Lake Champlain; rare. July, Aug. Colchester, (Grout and
Tracy) .
72 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
TRIENTALIS (Rupp.) L. Chickweed Wintergreen
T. americaua (Pers.) Pursh. (T. borealis Raf.) Star Flower. Moist
woods and thickets; common. May.
OLEACEAE. OLIVE FAMILY
FRAXINUS (Toiirn.) L. Ash
F. americaua L. White Ash. Rich woods; common. May.
F, uigra Marsh. Black Ash. Swamps and woods; frequent. May.
F. peuusylvauica Marsh. Red Ash. Low grounds; common. May.
F, pennsylyaiiica Marsh., var. laiiceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Green Ash.
Shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (Jones). May.
SYRINGA L. Lilac
S. VULGARIS L. Common Lilac. Persistent about old building sites.
May, June.
GENTIANACEAE. GENTIAN FAMILY
BARTONIA Muhl.
B. virginica (L.) BSP. Yellow Bartonia. Boggy places; rare. July,
Aug. South Burlington, (Jones, Ross); Colchester, (N. F. F.).
GENTIANA (Tourn.) L. Gentian
G. Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. Moist grounds; frequent. Aug.,
Sept.
G» (luiiiquefolia L. Stiff Gentian, Ague-weed. Shore of Lake Cham-
plain, South Burlington, (Torrey, Ross). Sept., Oct.
MENYANTHES (Tourn.) L. Buckbean
M. trifoliata L. Bogs and shallow water; occasional. June.
APOCYNACEAE. DOGBANE FAMILY
APOCYNUM (Tourn.) L. Dogbane. Indian Hemp
A. audrosaemifoliiim L. Spreading Dogbane. Thickets and fields;
common. July-Sept.
A. caiiiia1)inum L. Indian Hemp. Moist banks; frequent. July, Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 73
VINCA L. Periwinkle
V. MINOR L. Common Periwinkle, Blue Myrtle. Frequent in old gar-
dens and established in rich woods near dwelling, Shelburne,
(N. F. F.). Apr., May.
ASCLEPIADACEAE. MILKWEED FAMILY
ASCLEPIAS (Tourn.) L. Miekweed. Silk weed
A. amplexicaulis Sm. Blunt-leaved Milkweed. Sandy soil; frequent.
July.
A. iiicariiata L. Swamp Milkweed. Marshes; common. July, Aug.
A. pliytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed. Moist copses; rare. July,
Aug. Burlington, (Torrey, N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (N. F. F.).
A. qiiadrifolia Jacq. Four-leaved Milkweed. Rocky woods; occasional.
June, July.
A. syriaca L. Common Milkweed or Silkweed. Rich grounds; com-
mon. July.
CONVOLVULACEAE. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY
CONVOLVULUS (Tourn.) L. Bindweed
C. ARVENSis L. Field Bindweed. Railroad yard, Burlington, (Jones).
July.
C. jAPONicus Thunb. California Rose. Occasional in old gardens and
an escape by roadside, Essex, (Jones). July.
C. sepium L. Wild Morning Glory, Hedge Bindweed. Moist thickets,
sandy fields, etc.; common. July, Aug.
C. spithamaeus L. Upright Bindweed. Dry sandy plains; common.
June- Aug.
CUSCUTA (Tourn.) L. Dodder. Love Vine
C. Grouovii Willd. Moist thickets; frequent. July, Aug.
IPOMOEA L. Morning Glorv
I. cocciNEA L. Small Red Morning Glory. Adventive in garden, Bur-
lington, (Mrs. Zottman). June-Aug.
I. PURPUREA (L.) Roth. Common Morning Glory. Frequently spon-
taneous in gardens and waste places. June-Sept.
74 FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
POLEMONIACEAE. POLEMONIUM FAMILY
GILIA R. & P.
G. LINEARIS (Nutt.) Gray. First seen in 1902, now well established in
one station, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.
PHLOX L.
P, PANicuLATA L, Garden Phlox. Occasionally persistent about old
dwellings. Aug., Sept.
P. SUBUI.ATA L. Ground or Moss Pink. Rocky hill, Colchester, (Grif-
fin). May, June.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE. WATERLEAF FAMILY
HYDROPHYLLUM (Tourn.) L. WaterlEaf
H* Tirgiuianum L. Rich woods; common. June.
BORAGINACEAE. BORAGE FAMILY
CYNOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. Hound's Tongue
C. boreale Fern. Wild Comfrey. Rich woods; rare. June. Bur-
lington, (Torrey, Ross).
C. OFEiciNALE L. Common Hound's Tongue. Pastures; frequent. June,
July.
ECHIUM (Tourn.) L. Viper's Bugeoss
E. vuEGARE L. Blue-weed, Blue Devil. Becoming frequent along rail-
roads and occasional as a weed elsewhere. June-Oct.
LAPPULA (Rivin.) Moench. Stickseed
L. ECHiNATA Gilib. European Stickseed, Burseed. Waste and culti-
vated grounds; occasional. Aug.
L. Tirginiaua (L.) Greene. Beggar's Lice. Borders of woods; occa-
sional. Aug.
LITHOSPERMUM (Tourn.) L. GromwEEE. Puccoon
L. latifolium Michx. Open ground and borders of woods; rare. June,
July. Colchester, (Griffin).
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 75
L. OFFICINALE L. Common Gromwell, Dry pastures; occasional. June-
Aug.
MERTENSIA Roth. Lungwort
M. viRGiNiCA (L.) Link. Virginian Cowslip, Bluebells. A garden es-
cape, Burlington, (Gifford). May. "Since this is a native from
the Mississippi Valley reaching eastward to Ontario and New York,
it may be expected to persist where established in the Champlain
Valley."
MYOSOTIS (Rupp.) L. Scorpion-grass. Forget- ^ie-not
M. scoRPioiDES L. True Forget-me-not. Occasional on banks of Wi-
nooski River. June, July.
SYMPHYTUM (Tourn.) L. ComfrEy
fS. OFFICINALE L. Common Comfrey. A garden escape in moist ground,
Shelburne, (N. F. F.). June-Sept.
VERBENACEAE. VERVAIN FAMILY
VERBENA (Tourn.) L. Vervain
y. hastata L. Blue Vervain. Damp ground, roadsides, etc.; common.
July-Sept.
Y. urticaefolia L. White Vervain. Roadsides; common. Aug., Sept.
LABIATAE. MINT FAMILY
AGASTACHE Clayt. Giant Hyssop
A. scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze. Thickets; rare. Aug., Sept.
Essex, (N. F. F.).
AJUGA L. Bugle Weed
A, genevensis L. Adventive in lawn, Burlington, (Jones). June.
GALEOPSIS L. Hemp Nettle
G. Tetrahit L. Common Hemp Nettle. Waste places; frequent. July-
Sept.
76 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
HEDEOMA Pers. Mock Pennyroyal
H. HispiDA Pursh. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Hollister); Col-
chester, (GrifRn). June, July.
H, puleg-ioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. Dry fields; fre-
quent. July, Aug.
LAMIUM (Tourn.) L. Dead Nettle
L. AMPLExicAULE L. Henbit. Cultivated ground; rare. June-Aug.
South Burlington, (N. F. F.).
L, MACULATUM L. Spotted Dead Nettle, Flowering Sage. Roadside
escape from garden, Essex, (N. F. F.). May-Oct.
LEONURUS L. Motherwort
L. Cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. Waste places; common. July,
Aug.
LYCOPUS (Tourn.) L. W.^ter HorEhound
L. amerieanus Muhl. Cut-leaved Bugle Weed. Moist soil; common.
Aug., Sept.
L. uuiflorus Michx. Bugle Weed. Moist places; common. Aug., Sept.
MENTHA (Tourn.) L. Mint
M. aryeiisis L., var. caiiadeusis (L.) Briq. Wild Mint. Wet places;
common. July, Aug.
M. GENTiLis L. Spotted or Whorled Mint. Occasional in waste places
and about old dwellings. July-Sept.
M, PIPERITA L. Peppermint. Along brooks; rare. Aug., Sept. Essex
and Shelburne, (N. F. F.) ; South Burlington, (Mrs. Walker).
M. SPiCATA L. Spearmint. Wet ground, Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.,
Sept.
MONARDA L. Horse Mint
M. mollis L. Wild Bergamot. Dry grounds; rare. July, Aug. Bur-
lington, (Jones); Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).
M. PUNCTATA L. Horse Mint. Sandy ground; rare. July-Sept. Col-
chester and Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Essex, (Jones and Howe).
NEPETA (Rivin.) L. Cat Mint
N. Cataria L. Catnip. Dry pastures; common. July-Sept.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 77
]V. HEDERACEA (L.) Trev. Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-ground. Moist
shady places; frequent. Apr., May.
PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. False Dracon Head
r. \irgiiiiana (L.) Benth. Lion's Heart. Wet ground; rare. July,
Aug. Colchester, (Griffin).
PRUNELLA L. Sele-heal
P. vulg'aris L. Heal-all, Carpenter-weed. Woods and fields; common.
June-Sept. A white-flowered form is occasional.
PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. Mountain Mint. Basil
P. flexuosuiii (Walt.) BSP. Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint. Dry
ground; rare. Aug. Williston, (N. F. F.); Colchester, (Ross).
P. Yerticillatum (Michx.) Pers. Colchester, (Grout). Aug.
P. yirg-iiiiainim (L.) Durand & Jackson. Dry woods, South Burling-
ton, (N. F. F.). Aug.
SATUREJA (Tourn.) L. Savory. Calamint
S. Acinos (L.) Scheele. Basil Thyme. Rocky headland of Lake Cham-
plain, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.
S. hortensis L. Summer Savory. A garden escape, Burlington, (Mrs.
Walker). Aug., Sept.
S. vulgaris (L.) Fritsch. Basil. Rocky woods and thickets; frequent.
■ July-Sept.
SCUTELLARIA (Rivin.) L. Skullcap
S. galericulata L. Marsh Skullcap. Wet shady places; frequent. July,
Aug.
S. lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap. Wet shady places; common. July-
Sept.
S. parvula Michx. Small Skullcap. Rocky headlands of Lake Cham-
plain; rare. June. Burlington and South Burlington, (Jones).
STACHYS (Tourn.) L. Hedge Nettle
S. teimifolia Willd., var. aspera (Michx.) Fern. Rough Hedge Nettle,
Woundwort. Moist grounds; occasional. July, Aug.
78 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
TEUCRIUM (Tourn.) L. Germander
T. canadense L. American Germander, Wood Sage. Shores of Lake
Champlain; frequent. Aug.
TRICHOSTEMA L. Blue Curls
T. dichotoiimm L, Bastard Pennyroyal. Sandy fields; local. Aug.,
Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin).
SOLANACEAE. NIGHTSHADE FAMILY
DATURA L. Jamestown or Jim son Weed. Thorn Apple
D, Stramonium L. Stramonium. Waste places; occasional. July-
Sept.
D. Tatula L. Purple Thorn Apple. Occasionally adventive. July-
Sepf.
LYCIUM L. Matrimony Vine
L. HALiMiPOLiuM Mill. Commou Matrimony Vine. An escape near
waste ground, Burlington, (N. P. F,). May-Sept.
NICANDRA Adans. Apple of Peru
N. PHYSALODEs (L.) Pers. Waste grounds; rare. July, Aug. Burling-
ton, (Ross, N. F. F.).
PHYSALIS L. Ground Cherry
r, HETEROPHYLLA Necs. One form occurs. Var. ambigua (Gray) Rydb.
Clammy Ground Cherry. Local. July-Sept. Burlington, (N. F. F.,
Jones).
P. ixocARPA Brot. Tomatillo. Adventive by roadside, Colchester, (Mrs.
Walker). Aug., Sept.
P. peruviana L. Husk Tomato. Adventive on bank of Winooski River,
Burlington, (Jones). Aug.
P. PRUINOSA L. Strawberry Tomato. Adventive by roadside, Colches-
ter, (Mrs. Walker). Aug., Sept.
SOLANUM (Tourn.) L. Nightshade
S. Dulcamara L. Bittersweet, Climbing Nightshade. Moist thickets;
frequent. June-Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 79
S. nigrum L. Common Nightshade. Moist shaded grounds; frequent.
July-Sept.
S. ROSTRATUM Dunal. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Helyer). Aug.
SCROPHULARIACEAE. FIGWORT FAMILY
CHELONE (Tourn.) L. TuktlEhead. SxakEhead
C. glabra L. Balmony. Wet places; frequent. Aug., Sept.
GERARDIA (Plum.) L. Gekaruia
G. panpercnla (Gray) Britton, Small-flowered Gerardia. Sandy shore
of Lake Champlain, Colchester, (N. F. F., Griffin). Aug., Sept.
0. teimifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia. Moist ground; local. Aug.,
Sept. Colchester, (Perkins, N. F. F., Ross).
GRATIOLA (Rupp.) L. Hedge Hyssop
Cr. aurea Muhl. Golden Hedge Hyssop. Wet sandy shore of Lake
Champlain, Colchester, (Perkins, N. F. F., Griffin). July, Aug.
(i. Yirginiaiia L. Clammy Hedge Hyssop. Wet shores and ditches;
occasional. June-Sept.
ILYSANTHES Raf. Faese Pimpernee
1. dul)ia (L.) Barnh. Short-stalked False Pimpernel. Wet shores;
frequent. Aug., Sept.
LINARIA (Tourn.) Hill. Toadfeax
L. vulgaris Hill. Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs. Fields and roadsides;
common. July-Oct.
MELAMPYRUM (Tourn.) L. Cow Wheat
M. lineare Lam. Dry woodlands; frequent. July, Aug.
MIMULUS L. Monkey Flower
M, ringens L. Wet places; common. July, Aug.
pedicular: S (Tourn.) L. Lou SE wort
P. canadensis L. Common Lousewort, Wood Betony. Thickets; fre-
quent. May, June.
80 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
PENTSTEMON (Mitch.) Ait. Beard-tongue
r. LAEviGATus Ait., var. Digitalis (Sweet) Gray. Moist or rich soil;
rare. June, July. Colchester, (Griffin) ; South Burlington, (Mrs.
Walker).
SCROPHULARIA (Tourn.) L. Figwort
S. leporelLi Bick. Meadows and fence rows; occasional. June, July.
S. marilaiidica L. Damp grounds; occasional. July, Aug.
VERBASCUM (Tourn.) L. Mullein
V. Blattaria L. Moth Mullein. Roadsides; rare. June, July. Bur-
lington and Essex, (N. F. F.).
V, Thapsus L. Common Mullein. Fields, etc.; common. July-Sept.
VERONICA (Tourn.) L. Speedwell
V. americaiia Schwein. American Brooklime. Wet grounds; frequent.
June, July.
y. arvensis L. Corn Speedwell. Rocky woods; frequent. May, June.
V* officinalis L. Common Speedwell. Dry hills and open woods; occa-
sional. May, June.
V. peregrina L. Neckweed, Purslane Speedwell. Gardens and waste
places; occasional. May, June.
y. scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell. Swamps and wet places; com-
mon. June-Aug.
y. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Damp grassy grounds;
common. May- July.
LENTIBULARIACEAE. BLADDERWORT FAMILY
UTRICULARIA L. Bladderwort
U. intermedia Hayne. Edge of swamp, Colchester, (N. F. F.). June,
July.
r. Tnlgaris L., var. americana Gray. Greater Bladderwort. Ponds
and slow streams; frequent. July, Aug.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 81
OROBANCHACEAE. BROOM=RAPE FAMILY
EPIFAGUS Nutt. Beech-drops. Cancek-root
E. Yirgiiiiaiia (L.) Bart. Under beech trees; common. Sept.
OROBANCHE (Tourn.) L. Broom -r.\pe
0. iiuiflora L. One-flowered Cancer-root. Dry woodlands; rare. May-
July. Burlington, (Jones, Mrs. Walker).
PHRYMACEAE. LOPSEED FAMILY
PHRYMA L. LopsEED
P. Leptostachya L. Moist open woods; occasional. July, Aug.
PLANTAGINACEAE. PLANTAIN FAMILY
PLANT AGO (Tourn.) L. Plant.mn. Ribwort
r. ARiSTATA Michx. Large-bracted Plantain. Adventive at Experiment
Farm, Burlington, (Jones); dry sand, Colchester, (N. F. F.). July,
Aug.
P. LANCEOLATA L. Rib or Ripple Grass, English Plantain. Grass land;
common. June-Aug.
P. major L. Common Plantain. Waysides; common. July-Sept.
P. Rugelii Dene. With the preceding species and even more common.
July-Sept.
RUBIACEAE. MADDER FAMILY
CEPHALANTHUS L. Buttonbush
C. occideiitalis L. Swamps; frequent. July, Aug.
GALIUM L. Bedstraw. Cleavers
G. Apariiie L. Cleavers, Goose Grass. Rich shaded grounds; occa-
sional. May, June. Burlington and South Burlington, (N. F. F.) ;
Colchester, ( Griffin ) .
Cf. asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw. Alluvial grounds; common.
July.
82 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
G, BOREALE L. Northern Bedstraw. Edge of woods, Burlington, (N.
F. F.). July,
G. circaezaus Michx. Wild Liquorice. Rich woods; common. July.
0. Claytoni Michx. Swamps and bogs; occasional. July-Sept. Bur-
lington and Colchester, (N. F. F.).
0. lanceolatum Torr. Wild Liquorice. Dry woods; frequent. July.
G. MoEEUGO L. Wild Madder. Adventive in field, Shelburne, (N. F. F.).
June, July.
0. palustre L. Marsh Bedstraw. Wet meadows and banks; common.
June, July.
G. trifidum L. Small Bedstraw. Cold bogs and marshy borders of
ponds; frequent. July, Aug.
G. triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Rich woodlands; com-
mon. July, Aug.
HOUSTONIA L.
H. caerulea L. Bluets, Innocence. Moist grassy places; common.
Apr., May. The white flowered form occurs and occasional blos-
soms may be found all summer.
H. longif olia Gaertn. Rocky headlands of Lake Champlain ; rare. June.
MITCHELLA L. Partridge Berry
31. repeus L. Cool woods; common. June. A form occurs the leaves
of which are variegated with white; Burlington, (N. F. F.).
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY
DIERVILLA (Tourn.) Mill. Bush Honeysucki.e
D. Lonicera Mill. Rocky woodlands; common. June, July.
LINNAEA (Gronov.) L. Twin-flower
L. l)orealis L., var. americana (Forbes) Rehder. Moist mossy woods
and cool bogs; rare. June, July. Shelburne, (Jones); South Bur-
lington, (N. F. P.).
LONICERA L. Honeysuckle
L. canadensis Marsh. American Fly Honeysuckle. Moist woods; fre-
quent. Apr., May.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 83
L, dioica L. Glaucous Honeysuckle. Dry rocky and sandy woods;
frequent. May.
L. TATARiCA L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Common in cultivation and
a frequent escape in thickets about Burlington. May.
SAMBUCUS (Tourn.) L. Er.DER
S. canadensis L. Common Elder, Elderberry. Thickets; common.
July.
S. racemosa L. Red-berried Elder. Rocky woodlands; common. May.
SYMPHORICARPOS (Dill.) Ludwig. SnowbErry
S. racemosus Michx. Snowberry. Cliffs and rocky headlands; fre-
quent. June.
S. RACEMOSUS Michx., var. laevigatus Fern. Garden Snowberry. Com-
mon in cultivation and occasionally persistent about old building
sites. June, July. Shelburne, (N. F. F.).
TRIOSTEUM L. FevErwort. Horse Gentian
T. perfoliatum L. Tinker's Weed, Wild Coffee. Edge of swamp, Col-
chester, (GrifRn). May, June.
VIBURNUM (Tourn.) L. Arrow- wood. Laurestinus
V. acerifolium L. Dockmackie, Maple-leaved Arrow-wood. Rocky or
sandy woods; common. June.
Y. aluifolium Marsh. Hobble-bush, Witch Hobble, Moosewood. Cool
moist woods; common. May.
V. cassiuoides L. Withe-rod, Wild Raisin. Swamps; frequent. June.
V. dentatiim L. Toothed Arrow-wood. Wet places; rare. June, July.
Essex and Shelburne, (N. F. F.).
Y. Lentago L. Sheepberry, Nannyberry, Wild Raisin. Rich moist
woods; occasional. May, June.
Y. Opuliis L., var. amerieamim (Mill.) Ait. Cranberry Tree, High-bush
Cranberry, Pimbina. Low grounds; occasional. May, June.
Y. pubescens (Ait.) Pursh. Downy Arrow-wood. Cliffs and rocky
hills; frequent, June.
84 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
VALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILY
VALERIANA (Toiirii.) L. Valerian
Y, OFFICINALIS L. Garden Heliotrope. An occasional roadside escape.
June. Burlington and Shelburne, (N. F. F.).
GUCURBITACEAE. GOURD FAMILY
ECHINOCYSTIS T. & G. Wild Balsam-applE
E. lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Wild Cucumber. Alluvial banks and
waste places; frequent. July-Sept.
SICYOS L. One-seeded Bur Cucumber
S. aiigiilatus L. Star Cucumber. River banks and waste places; fre-
quent. July-Sept. I
CAMPANULACEAE. BLUEBELL FAMILY '
!
CAMPANULA (Tourn.) L. Bellflower ■
C. aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bellflower. Low sedgy thickets; occa- |
sional. July, Aug. j
C. rapunculoides L. European Bellflower. An occasional roadside \
escape. July, Aug. i
C. rotundifolia L. Harebell, Bluebell. Rocky banks; common. June-
Oct. i
C. Trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower, Throatwort. Adventive, \
Colchester, (Griffin). Aug. |
SPECULARIA (Heist.) Fabric. Venus's Looking-glass •;
S. perfoliata (L.) DC. Dry rocky woodlands; rare. June, July. j
South Burlington, (N. F. F.). j
LOBELIACEAE. LOBELIA FAMILY
LOBELIA (Plum.) L. i
L. cardiiialis L. Cardinal Flower. Low grounds; occasional. Aug. 'j
L. iuflata L. Indian Tobacco. Fields and pastures; common. July- •:
Sept. '!
:i
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 85
L. Kalmii L. Cool moist rocks; occasional. July, Aug.
L. spicata Lam. Moist sandy soil; occasional. July, Aug.
COMPOSITAE. COMPOSITE FAMILY
ACHILLEA (Vaill.) L. Yarrow
A, Millefolium L. Common Yarrow, Milfoil. Dry fields and roadsides;
common, July-Oct. The pink-flowered form is occasional.
AMBROSIA (Tourn.) L. Ragweed
A. arteiiiisiifolia L. Roman Wormwood, Hog-weed, Bitter-weed. A
common weed everywhere. Aug., Sept.
A. PsiLOSTACHYA DC. Adveutive in railroad yard, Burlington, (N. F. F.).
Aug., Sept.
A., trifida L. Great Ragweed. Moist alluvial soil; local. Williston,
(Bates); Burlington, (N. F. F.). Rare as a weed elsewhere. Aug.
Var. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Muhl.) T. & G. Burlington, (N. F. F.)
ANAPHALIS DC. Everlasting
A. margaritaeea (L.) B. & H. Pearly Everlasting. Dry hills and
woods; common. July-Sept.
ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Everlasting. Ladies' Tobacco. Pussy's Toes
A. cauadeusis Greene. Dry and moist ground; frequent. May, June.
A. fallax Greene. In partial shade; frequent. May.
A, iieg'lecta Greene. Old fields; frequent. May.
A. ueodioica Greene. Old pastures and fields; frequent. May, June.
A. Parlinii Fern. Dry banks and thickets; rare. May, June. Col-
chester, (Griffin).
A. petaloidea Fern. Old pastures; rare. May. Shelburne, (Brain-
erd) ; Burlington, (Hazen, N. F. F.).
A. plautag'iiiifolia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Everlasting. Dry
soil ; common. May, June.
ANTHEMIS (Mich.) L. Chamomile
A, Cotula L. Mayweed, Dog Fennel. Waste places and roadsides;
common. June-Oct.
86 FLORA OF BURLINGTON -AND VICINITY
ARCTIUM L, Burdock
A. Lappa L, Great Burdock. Roadsides; local. July-Sept. Essex,
(Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F.).
A« MINUS (Hill) Bernh. Common Burdock. Waste places; common.
July-Oct.
ARTEMISIA (Tourn.) L. Wormwood
A. Absinthium L. Wormwood. Roadside, Colchester, (N. F. F.).
Aug., Sept.
A. BIENNIS Willd. Abundant around railroad and lumber yards, Bur-
lington. Aug., Sept.
A. caudata Michx. Tall Wormwood. Abundant on sandy bluff of Lake
Champlain, Burlington. Aug., Sept.
A, VULGARIS L. Common Mugwort. Waste places and roadsides; com-
mon. July, Aug.
ASTER (Tourn.) L. Aster
A. acumiiiatus Michx. Cool rich woods; frequent. July, Aug.
A. cordifolius L. Heart-leaved Aster. Woodlands; common. Aug.,
Sept.
A. diraricatus L. White Wood Aster. Moist woodlands; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
A. ericoides L. One form occurs. Var. Pringlei Gray. Pringle's
Aster. Slaty headlands of Lake Champlain; rare. Aug. Shel-
burne, (Pringle) ; Burlington.
A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Thickets and fields; occasional. Aug.,
Sept.
A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton, var. liirsuticaulis (Lindl.) Porter. Hairy-
stemmed Aster. Borders of thickets; common. Aug., Sept.
A. linariifolms L. Stiff Aster. Dry sandy soil; common. Aug., Sept.
A. maerophyllus L. Large-leaved Aster. Moist woods; common. Aug.,
Sept. Presenting many different forms.
A, iioyae-angliae L. New England Aster. Moist grounds; rare. Sept.
Burlington, (Jones, N. F. F.). Var. roseus (Desf.) DC. Bur-
lington, (Miss Moore).
A. pauicnlatus Lam. Tall White or Panicled Aster. Moist soil; com-
mon. Sept. Presenting many different forms.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 87
A. puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster. Low thickets and swamps;
frequent. Sept.
A. Tradescanti L. Michaelmas Daisy. Low grounds; common. Sept.
A, umbellatus Mill. Flat-topped White Aster. Moist thickets; fre-
quent. Aug., Sept.
A. uiidulatus L. Wavy-leaved Aster. Dry copses; common. Aug.,
Sept. Variable.
A, Timineus Lam. Small White Aster. Moist banks; occasional. Aug.
A, yimmeus Lam., var. saxatilis Fern. Ledges of Winooski River,
Williston, (Pringle); Burlington, (N. F. F.). Aug.
BIDENS L. Bur Marigold
B. Beckii Torr. Water Marigold. Ponds and deep slow streams; rare.
Aug. Shelburne, (Jones); Colchester, (N. F. F., Mrs. Walker).
B, cemua L. Stick-tight. Wet places; common. Aug., Sept.
B, conuata Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks. Swamps; occasional. Aug.,
Sept.
S. frondosa L. Common Beggar-ticks. Damp grounds; common.
Aug., Sept.
CARDUUS (Tourn.) L. PlumelESs ThisteE
C. CRispus L. Adventive, South Burlington, (Chittenden). Aug.
CENTAUREA L. Star Thistle
C. Cyanus L. Blue Bottle, Bachelor's Button, Corn Flower. Spon-
taneous in gardens and occasionally adventive elsewhere. June-
Sept.
CHRYSANTHEMUM (Tourn.) L. Ox-EyE Daisy
C. LeucanthEmum L., var. pinnatieidum Lecoq & Lamotte. Ox-eye or
White Daisy, Marguerite, Whiteweed. A common and pernicious
weed in fields and meadows. June-Oct.
CICHORIUM (Tourn.) L. Succory or Chicory
C. Intybus L. Common Chicory, Blue Sailors. Roadsides and fields;
common in Burlington, less so elsewhere. July, Aug.
88 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
CIRSIUM (Tourn.) Hill. Common or Plumed Thistle
C. ARVENSE (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle. Fields and waste places; com-
mon, June-Sept.
C. LANCEOLATUM (L.) Hill. Common or Bull Thistle. Pastures and
roadsides; common. July-Sept.
DYSSODIA Cav. Fetid Marigold
D. papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. Adventive on wool waste, bank of Wi-
nooski River, Burlington, (Brainerd). July-Oct.
ERECHTITES Raf. FirEweed
E. liieracifolia (L.) Raf. Moist woods, especially in recent clearings;
common. July-Sept.
ERIGERON L. FlEabane
E. aiiniius (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane, Sweet Scabious. Fields and
waste places; common. June-Sept.
E. canadensis L. Horseweed, Butterweed. Waste places, etc.; com-
mon. Julj^-Sept.
E. liyssopifolhis Michx. Wet calcareous rocks; occasional. June, July.
E. philadelpliicus L. Pink Fleabane. Moist grounds; common. May-
July.
E. pulchellus Michx. Robin's Plantain. Copses and moist banks;
frequent. May, June.
E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Daisy Fleabane. Fields; common. June-
Sept.
EUPATORIUM (Tourn.) L. Thoroughwort
E. perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort, Boneset. Low grounds; common.
Aug., Sept.
E. purpureum L., var. maculatnm (L.) Darl. Joe-Pye Weed, Trumpet
Weed. Moist thickets and low grounds; common. July, Aug.
E. urticaefolhim Reich. White Snakeroot. Moist rich woods; occa-
sional. Aug., Sept.
GALINSOGA R. & P.
G. parviflora Cav. One form occurs. Var. hispida DC. First col-
lected in 1891, (Grout), now a common and pernicious garden weed.
July-Oct.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 89
GNAPHALIUM L. CudweEd
G. (leeurreus Ives. Everlasting. Clearings, etc.; frequent. Aug., Sept.
G. polyeeplialiim Michx. Common Everlasting. Old fields and woods;
common. Aug., Sept.
a. iilig-iuosum L. Low Cudweed. Moist soil; common. July-Sept.
HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower
H, ANNuus L. Common Sunflower. Occasionally spontaneous in waste
places. Aug., Sept.
H. decapetalus L. Thin-leaved Sunflower. Copses and low banks of
streams; occasional. Aug., Sept.
H. divaricatus L. Rough or Woodland Sunflower. Thickets and sandy
woods; common. July-Sept.
H. PETioLARis Nutt. Adventive in garden, Burlington, (Helyer). Aug.,
Sept.
H. strumosus L. Pale-leaved Wood Sunflower. Dry woods and banks;
frequent. Aug., Sept.
H. TUBEROSus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Along fences and roadsides;
frequent. Sept., Oct.
HELIOPSIS Pers. Ox-EVE
H, SCABRA Dunal. Adventive in fields and by roadsides. Aug., Sept.
Burlington, (Jones); Shelburne, (Mrs. Gebhardt).
HIERACIUM (Tourn.) L. Hawk weed
H. AURANTiACUM L. Orange Hawkweed, Devil's Paint-brush, Grim the
Collier. Fields and pastures; a common and pernicious weed.
June-Sept.
H- canadeuse Michx. Canada Hawkweed. Borders of woods; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
H. FLORENTiNUM All. King Devil. One plant on railroad embankment,
Burlington, (N. F. F.) ; Colchester, (Griffin). June.
11. paiiiciilatiim L. Panicled Hawkweed. Open woods; occasional.
Aug.
H. PRAEAT.TUM Goch., var. dEcipiEns Koch. Interval land. South Bur-
lington, (Mrs. Walker). June.
90 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
H, scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed. Dry plains and pine woods;
frequent. July, Aug.
H, Teiiosum L. Rattlesnake-weed, Poor Robin's Plantain. Dry plains
and pine woods; frequent. June, July.
INULA L. Elecampane
L HeeEnium L. Elecampane. Roadsides and damp pastures; fre-
quent. Aug.
•LACTUCA (Tourn.) L. Lettuce
L. canadensis L. Wild Lettuce, Horseweed. Rich damp soil, borders
of fields and thickets; frequent. July, Aug. Var. Montana Brit-
ton. South Burlington, (N. F. F.). July, Aug.
L, scariola L., var. integrata Gren. & Godr. Prickly Lettuce. Abun-
dant along Rutland R. R. in some localities in Burlington and Col-
chester, and occasional as a weed elsewhere. July-Sept.
L, spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Tall Blue Lettuce. Low grounds; frequent.
July, Aug.
MATRICARIA (Tourn.) L. Wild Chamomile
M, suaveolEns (Pursh) Buch. Pine-apple-weed. About waste ground
and railroad yards, Burlington, (N. F. F.). June, July.
PRENANTHES (Vaill.) L. RattlESNake-root
P. alba L. White Lettuce, Rattlesnake-root. Borders of rich woods;
common. Aug., Sept.
P. altissima L. Tall White Lettuce. Rich moist woods; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
P. trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern. Gall-of-the-earth. Thickets and woods;
rare. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Grout) ; Essex, (N. F. F.) ; Col-
chester, (Griffin).
RUDBECKIA L. ConE-flowER
R. HiRTA L. Yellow Daisy, Black-eyed Susan, Nigger-head. Meadows;
common. June-Sept.
E. laciniata L. Tall Cone-flower, Thimble-weed. Low thickets; rare.
Aug., Sept. High Bridge, (Jones); Burlington, (N. F. F.).
I
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 91
SENECIO (Tourn.) L. Groundsei.. Ragwort. Squaw-weed
S. aureus L. Golden Ragwort. Moist rocks, High Bridge, (Ross).
June, July.
S. Balsamliae Muhl. Balsam Groundsel. Rocky banks of Winooski
River ; frequent. May- July.
S. Balsamitae Muhl., var. praelongus Greenm. Rocky bank of Winooski
River near Twin Bridges, (Jones); Essex, (Ross). June.
S. obovatns Muhl. Round-leaved Squaw-weed. Rocky bank of Wi-
nooski River, Essex, (Ross). June.
S. EobWiisii Oakes. Robbin's Squaw-weed. Wet meadows and
swamps; rare. June, July. South Burlington, (Ross); Shel-
burne, (N. F. F.).
S. VULGARIS L. Common Groundsel. A weed in gardens and waste
places; occasional. July-Sept.
SILPHIUM L. Rosin-weed
S. PERFOEiATuM L. Cup Plant. Adventive by roadside, Burlington,
(Jones). Aug., Sept.
SOLIDAGO L. GoEDEN-ROD
S. arguta Ait. Cut-leaved Golden-rod. Burlington, (Grout). Aug.
S. Wcolor L. White Golden-rod. Dry copses; common. Aug., Sept.
S. caesia L. Blue-stemmed Golden-rod. Rich woodlands; common.
Aug., Sept.
S. canadensis L. Canada Golden-rod. Borders of thickets and fields;
common. Aug., Sept.
S. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Bushy Golden-rod. Moist soil; common.
Aug., Sept.
S. hispida Muhl. Hairy Golden-rod. Dry shady cliffs and sterile soil;
occasional. Aug., Sept.
S. juncea Ait. Early Golden-rod. Copses and banks; common. July,
Aug.
S. latifolia L. Zig-zag Golden-rod. Moist shaded banks; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
S. nenioralis Ait. Gray or Field Golden-rod. Dry open soil; common.
Aug., Sept. A peculiar low form is occasional with the type.
92 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
S. pulberula Nutt. Downy Golden-rod. Sandy soil; common. Aug.,
Sept.
S. racemosa Greene. Rocky banks of Winooski River; occasional.
Aug. Winooski Gorge is the station of Pursh's type.
S. mgosa Mill. Tall Hairy Golden-rod. Borders of fields and copses;
common. Aug., Sept.
S. serotina Ait. Late Golden-rod. Thickets, in rich soil; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
S. squarrosa Muhl. Stout Ragged Golden-rod. Dry woods; frequent.
Aug., Sept.
S. uliginosa Nutt. Bog Golden-rod. Peat bogs; rare. Sept. South
Burlington, (Jones).
SONCHUS (Tourn.) L. Sow Thistle
S. ARVENsrs L. Field Sow Thistle. Shores and waste places; occa-
sional. July-Sept.
S. ASPER (L.) Hill. Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle. Waste places; occa-
sional. July-Oct.
S. OLERACEus L. Common Sow Thistle. Waste places; frequent. July-
Oct.
TANACETUM (Tourn.) L. Tansy
T. vuEGARE L. Common Tansy. Roadsides, etc.; frequent. Aug., Sept.
Var. CRiSPUM DC. South Burlington, (Ross) ; Burlington, (N.
F. F.).
TARAXACUM (Haller) Ludwig. Dandeuon
T, ERYTHROSPERMUM Audrz. Rcd-sccded Dandelion. Shallow soil about
ledges; frequent. Apr., May.
T, oFFiciNAEE Weber. Common Dandelion. Common everywhere.
Apr.-Sept.
TRAGOPOGON (Tourn.) L. Goat's Beard
T. PRATENSis L. Roadsides and meadows; occasional. June-Sept.
TUSSILAGO (Tourn.) L. Coetsfoot
T, Farfara L. Moist clay banks; occasional. Apr., May.
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 93
XANTHIUM (Tourn.) L. Cocki^i-bur. Clotbuk
X. caiiadeuse Mill, Lake shores and river banks; frequent. Aug.,
Sept.
X. coiiimuue Britton. Shores of Lake Champlain; common. Aug.,
Sept.
X, echiiiatum Murr. Lake shores and river banks; common. Aug.,
Sept.
94 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST
This is a list of plants which should be sought in the region
covered by this Flora, and comprises those plants which are known to
have occurred here, but of which no specimen was taken or preserved,
those which occur near the limits of this region and may naturally be
expected here, and those specimens of which are in the Torrey collec-
tion, U. V. M. herbarium, but without locality.
Others have been taken from Perkins' Flora, Thompson's Ver-
mont and an old list of Burlington plants published in the Bur-
lington Free Press about 1845, in the hope that search may reveal
some of them.
Csniiinda cinnamomea L., var. froudosa Gray. Swamps and low copses.
May. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Isoetes sp. In water and wet places. Some of these ought to be found
here.
Spargaiiium simplex Huds. In water. July. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Potamogeton alpinns Balbis. Ponds and streams. July, Aug. Hines-
burgh Pond, (Jones).
Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & Koch. Ponds and streams. July,
Aug. Ferrisburgh, (Grout and Eggleston).
Potamogeton angustifolius Berchtold & Presl. Lake Champlain, Mil-
ton, (Grout).
Ammophila areuaria (L.) Link. Sandy beaches. Aug., Sept. Re-
ported from Colchester Point, (Jones).
Descliampsia eaespitosa (L.) Beauv. Reported from rocky shore of
Winooski River, south side, between Essex Junction and Bur-
lington, (Jones). He says the species was undoubted, but no
herbarium specimen can be found. June, July.
Holeiis lanatus L. Fields and meadows, June, July. Charlotte, (Prin-
gle).
Milium effusum L. Cold damp woods. June. Torrey collection.
Mulileubergia sylvatica Torr. Moist rocky woods and wooded banks.
Aug., Sept. Torrey collection. Ferrisburgh, (Pringle).
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 95
Carex aquatilis AVahl. Swamps and lake margins. June-Aug. Torrey
collection.
Carex Bicknellii Britton. Dry rocky soil. June, July. Torrey col-
lection.
Carex flaya L., var. rectirostris Gaudin. Wet margins of springs and
low borders of ponds. July, Aug. Torrey collection.
Carex gyiiocrates Wormsk. Swamps and bogs. June-Aug. Burling-
ton, (Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.
Carex poljgama Schkuhr. Bogs and wet shores. May- July. Torrey
collection.
Carex retrorsa Schwein., var. Hartii (Dewey) Gray. Wet places. July,
Aug. Torrey collection.
Carex triceps Michx., var. liirsuta (Willd.) Bailey. Moist fields. June,
July. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Carex tricliocarpa Muhl. Marshes. June, July. Burlington; Perkins'
Flora.
Carex retroflexa Muhl. Dry open woods. May, June. Burlington,
(Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.
Carex yaginata Tausch. Bogs and mossy woods. June, July. Torrey
collection.
Carex yirescens Muhl. Moist pastures. June, July. Charlotte, (Prin-
gle).
Scirpus planifolius Muhl. Dry open fields. May, June. Charlotte,
(Pringle).
Peltaudra yirgiuica (L.) Kunth. Bogs. July. Colchester, (Robbins) ;
Thompson's Vermont.
Jnncus filiformis L. Wet shores and bogs. June, July. Shore of
Lake Champlain, Ferrisburgh, (Robbins) ; Thompson's Vermont.
Zigadenns chlorauthus Richards. Calcareous soils. July. Ferris*
burgh, (Brainerd).
Ilypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville. Meadows and open woods. June. July.
Free Press.
Sisyrinchiuiii graiiiineuiii Curtis. Wet meadows and damp woods. May,
June. Burlington, (Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.
Corallorrliiza odoiitorhiza Nutt. W^oods. Aug., Sept. Torrey collec-
tion. Reported from Mud Pond, Williston, (Bryant).
96 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
Corallorrhiza striata Lindl. Woods. May, June. Torrey collection.
Hal)eiiaria flava (L.) Gray. Wet places. June, July. Burlington,
(Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.
Liparis liliifolia (L.) Richards. Woods. June, July. Found just
south of Fort Ethan Allen, but specimen lost.
Spiraiitlies lueida (Eaton) Ames. Moist banks. June, July. Torrey
collection. Reported from near Winooski Gorge, (Ross).
Carya glabra (Mill.) Spach. Dry woodlands. May. Torrey collection.
Ferrisburgh, (Brainerd).
Coryliis americaiia Walt. Reported from sand plains. South Burling-
ton, (Howe).
Quereiis Primis L. Rocky banks and hillsides. May. Charlotte,
(Pringle).
Ulimis raeeinosa Thomas. Rocky woodlands. May. Occurs as a street
tree in Burlington.
Polygromim amphibium L. Margins of ponds and slow streams. Aug.,
Sept. Richmond, (Pringle).
Polygonum Douglasii Greene. Rocky or sterile soil. Aug., Sept. Char-
lotte, (Pringle).
Polygonum liydroplperoldes Michx. Wet places and in shallow water.
Aug., Sept. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Polygonum tenue Michx. Dry soil. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection.
This occurs at Keeseville on opposite side of Lake Champlain.
Amaranthus paniculatus L. Weed in garden, Shelburne, (Pringle) ;
Flora of Vermont.
Coratopliyllum demersum L. Slow streams and ponds. June, July.
Reported from Ferrisburgh. Mouth of Winooski River, (Robbins) ;
Thompson's Vermont.
Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach. Woods. May. Reported from
Burlington, (Benedict),
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Rich woods. July. Torrey collec-
tion.
Ranunculus faseicularis Muhl. Dry or moist hills. Apr., May. Re-
ported from Burlington, (Benedict, Bigelow).
Menispermum canadense L. Banks of streams. June, July. Char-
lotte, (Pringle). Reported from Ethan Allen Park, Burlington,
(Ross). Burlington, (Carey); Thompson's Vermont.
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 97
Arabis canadensis L. Rocky woods and ravines. June-Ang. Torrey
collection. Winooski River, Colchester, (Torrey) ; Perkins' Flora.
Arabis lyrata L. Rocks or sandy shores. May-July. Torrey collec-
tion.
Cardaniine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Wet meadows. May. Torrey col-
lection.
Kadicula XastTirtiiim-aquaticiim (L.) Britten & Rendle. Brooks,
ditches, etc. Jiine-Aug. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Crataegus auomala Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Oct.
Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl.
Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. Egglestoni (Sarg.) Robins.
Crataegus Braiuerdi Sarg., var. seabrida (Sarg.) Eggl.
Crataegus champlaiueusis Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept., Oct.
Crataegus Holmesiaua Ashe. Fl. May; fr. Aug., Sept.
Crataegus macracautha Lodd, var. ueofluvialis (Ashe) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Sept.
Crataegus macracautha Lodd, var. succulenta (Schrad.) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Sept.
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. demissa (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Sept.
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. pastorum (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Sept.
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. peutandra (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Sept.
Crataegus polita Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept.
Crataegus Priuglei Sarg. Fl. May; fr. Sept. Charlotte, (Pringle).
Crataegus Priuglei Sarg., var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May; fr. Sept.
Crataegus Priuglei Sarg., var. lolnilata (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May; fr.
Sept.
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) Koch forma dissoua (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl.
May; fr. Oct.
Crataegus punctata Jacq., var. canescens Britton. Fl. May; fr. Oct.
Crataegus punctata Jacq., var. rubra Ait. Fl. May, June; fr. Oct.
Crataegus roaneusis Ashe. Fl. May; fr. Sept.
98 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
Crataegus rotuiidifolia Moench, var. Faxoni (Sarg.) Eggl. Fl. May;
fr. Aug., Sept.
Desmodium panieulatum (L.) DC. Copses. July. Charlotte, (Prin-
gle).
Lespedeza frnteseeiis (L.) Britton. Open rocky woods. Aug., Sept.
Mt. Phllo, Charlotte, (Pringle).
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. Dry hills and plains. Aug., Sept.
Colchester, (Robbins) ; Thompson's Vermont.
Oxalis yiolacea L. Rocky places and open woods. May. Free Press.
Euphorbia Peplus L. Waste places and cultivated grounds. Aug.
Charlotte, (Pringle).
Euphorbia Preslii Guss. Dry open soil. July, Aug. Burlington,
(Tuckerman); Thompson's Vermont.
Rhus canadensis Marsh. Dry rocky banks. May. Charlotte, (Prin-
gle).
Hypericum ma jus (Gray) Britton, Wet or dry open soil. July, Aug.
Charlotte, (Pringle).
Conioseliuum chiueuse (L.) BSP. Swamps and cold cliffs. Aug.,
Sept. Burlington, (Macrae) ; Thompson's Vermont.
Comus florida L. Dry woods. May. Free Press.
Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. Moist thickets. June, July. Torrey col-
lection.
Pyrola secunda L., var. ohtusata Turcz. Reported from South Burling-
ton, (Ross).
Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) G. Don. Woods and gravelly shores.
May, June. Reported from Burlington, (N. F. F.).
Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Swamps. June, July. Free Press.
Vaccinium corymhosum L., var. amoenum (Ait.) Gray. Swamps and
low thickets. May, June. Charloite, (Pringle).
Glentiana criuita Froel. Low grounds. Sept. Torrey collection.
Geutiana linearis Froel. Bogs and wet rocks. Aug. Torrey collec-
tion. Hinesburgh, (Horsford).
Halenia deflexa (Sm.) Griseb. Damp and cool woods. Aug., Sept.
Charlotte, (Horsford and Pringle).
Asclepias incarnata L., var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. Swamps. July,
Aug. Torrey collection.
1
I
FLORA OP BURLINGTON AND VICINITY 99
Litbospermum aryeiise L. Sandy fields and roadsides. May-Aug. Char-
lotte, (Pringle).
liTCopsis arvensis L. Dry or sandy fields and waste places. July.
Torrey collection.
Pycuaiithemum muticnin (Michx.) Pers. Reported from bank of Wi-
nooski River, Colchester, (Grout).
Gerardia flava L. Open woods. July, Aug. Torrey collection.
Gerardia pediciilaria L. Dry copses. July, Aug. Torrey collection.
Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Dry or rocky grounds. June, July.
Charlotte, (Pringle). Torrey collection.
Veronica Anagallis-aqiiatica L. Brooks and ditches. June-Aug. Re-
ported from Williston, (Bryant).
Veronica yirgiuica L. Rich soil. July, Aug. Colchester, (Oakes) ;
Thompson's Vermont.
Conopliolis americana (L. f.) Wallr. Rock Pt„ Burlington, (Macrae) ;
Thompson's Vermont.
Dianthera americana L. In water. July, Aug. Ferrisburgh, (Pad-
dock).
Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. In water or on gravelly shores. Aug.,
Sept. "Ought to be found here on lake shore." Pringle.
Dipsaciis sylvestris Huds. Roadsides. July, Aug. Charlotte, (Prin-
gle).
Lobelia Dortmanua L. Borders of ponds. Aug. Torrey collection.
Shelburne Pond, (Perkins) ; Perkins' Flora.
Aster jiinceus Ait. Swamps and bogs. Aug. Ought to be found here.
Aster noyi-belgii L. Low grounds. Aug., Sept. Torrey collection.
Bidens Tulgata Greene. Has been confused with B. frondosa and
should be sought in moist places and by roadsides, Aug., Sept.
Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Rich soil. Aug., Sept. Ferris-
burgh, (Brainerd).
Hieracium Gronovii L. Sandy soil. Aug., Sept. Burlington, (Tor-
rey) ; Perkins' Flora.
Hieracium marianum Willd. Open woods and clearings. June-Aug.
Torrey collection.
I.actuca birsuta Muhl. Dry open ground. July. Charlotte, (Pringle).
100 FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
Lactuca iiitegrifolia Bigel. Rich thickets. July, Aug. Reported from
Burlington, (Ross).
Onopordum Acaiithium L. Roadsides and waste places. July, Aug.
Charlotte, (Pringle). Dry pastures, Williston, (Robbins) ; Thomp-
son's Vermont.
Petasites palmatus (Ait.) Gray. Swamps. May, June. Charlotte,
(Pringle).
Prenauthes serpentaria Pursh. Dry open soil. Aug., Sept. Torrey
collection.
STATISTICAL SUMMARIES
In the following summaries varieties and hybrids are counted with
species. When, however, in Tables II and III the numbers are the
same, precedence in the list is given to the family or genus having the
fewer varieties and hybrids. The summaries include the species recog-
nized in the list of "Additions and Corrections."
I. NUMBERS AND SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES
Native Foreign Total
Pteridophytes
Spermatophytes
Totals
67
895
962
0
278
278
67
1172
1240
II.
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES AND VARIETIES AMONG THE
PRINCIPAL FAMILIES
INCLUDING ALL HAVING 15 OR MORE SPECIES
Genera
Species and varieties
Native
Foreign
Total
Cyperaceae
7
128
0
128
Compositae
37
84
37
121
Gramineae
44
74
37
111
Rosaceae
16
56
9
65
Ranunculaceae
11
31
5
36
Polypodiaceae
15
36
0
36
Orchidaceae
12
34
0
34
Leguminosae
14
13
20
33
Cruciferae
15
15
18
33
Labiatae
18
18
14
32
Ericaceae
16
30
0
30
Polygonaceae
4
16
13
29
Umbelliferae
16
15
6
21
Liliaceae
17
20
4
24
Caryophyllaceae
10
8
16
24
Salicaceae
2
16
6
22
Scrophulariaceae
12
16
5
21
Violaceae
1
18
1
19
Najadaceae
2
18
0
18
Caprifoliaceae
7
15
2
17
Onagraceae
4
13
3
16
Urticaceae
10
10
5
15
The other 89 families
168
279
76
355
102
FLORA OF BURLINGTON AND VICINITY
i
III. THE PRINCIPAL GENERA
INCLUDING ALL HAVING 10 OR MORE SPECIES
Genera
Species
Genera
Species
Carex
94
Salix
15
Viola
19
Ranunculus
15
Polygonum
18
Scirpus
12
Potamogeton
18
Habenaria
11
Aster
16
Crataegus
11
Panicum
16
Galium
10
Solidago
15
Juncus
10
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
Preface. After C. G. Hinsdale, Boston, Mass., insert — A. S. Hitchcock,
Washington, D. C.
Page 14. Insert — Pauicum linearifolium Scribn. Woods. June-Aug.
Burlington, (Hitchcock).
Page 16. Third line from bottom, before Hordeum sativum Jessen, in-
sert— AvENA SATivA L., Oat.
Page 19. Sixteenth line from bottom, for var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Fern,
read var. palleus Fern.
Page 20. Twelfth line from top, for "Low open ground; frequent."
read "Essex Junction, (Brainerd)."
Page 35. Tenth line from bottom, before "South Burlington, (N. F. F.)"
insert — Burlington, (Torrey).
Page 45. Omit first, second and third lines. Before DENTARIA in-
sert—
CONRINGIA (Heist.) Adans. Hare's-ear Mustard
C. orientalis (L.) Dumort. Adventive in railroad yards, Burlington,
(N. F. F.). June, July.
Page 53. Tenth line from bottom, for "(Torrey)" read "(Benedict)."
Page 65. Seventh line from top, for "Colchester, (Torrey, N. F. F.),"
read "Burlington, (Torrey); Colchester, (N. F. F.)."
Page 65. Twelfth line from bottom, after "Fort Ethan Allen, (Grout),"
insert — railroad yard, Burlington, (N. F. F.).
Page 73. Fourth line from bottom, for "I. coccinea L." read "I, coc-
ciNEA L. var. hederifolia (L.) Gray."
Page 80. Ninth line from top, for "Burlington and Essex, (N. F. F.),"
read "Burlington, (Torrey, N. F. F.) ; Essex, (N. F. F.)."
Page 80. Tenth line from bottom, for "Blue Bottle" read "Bluebottle."
Page 94. Sixth line from top, after "those" insert — a comma.
INDEX
Abele 29
Abies 6
Abutilon 61
Acacia, False 55
Acalypha 57
Acer 59
Aceraceae 59
Achillea 85
Acnida 37
Acorus 23
Actaea 40
Adder's Mouth 29
Green 29
Adder's Tongue 4
Family 4
Yellow 25
Adiantum 1
Adlumia 44
Aesculus 59
Agastache 75
Agrimonia 49
Agrimony 49
Tall Hairy 49
Woodland 49
Agropyron 9
Agrostemma 38
Agrostis 10
Ague-weed 72
Aizoaceae 38
Ajuga 75
Alder 31
Black 58
Downy Green 31
Hoary 31
Smooth 82
Speckled 31
Alder-leaved Buck-
thorn 60
Alfalfa 54
Alisma 9
Alismaceae 9
Allegheny Vine 44
Allium 25
Allspice, Wild 43
Alnus 31
Alopecurus 10
Alsike Clover 55
Alternate-leaved Dog-
wood 68
Alyssum, Hoary 45
Sweet 46
Amaranth 37
Family 37
Green 37
Prostrate 37
Thorny 37
Amaranthaceae 37
Amaranthus 37
Ambrosia 85
Amelanchier 49
American Aspen 30
Beech 32
Bladder Nut 59
Brooklime 80
Cranberry 71
Elm 34
Fly Honeysuckle 82
Germander 78
Hop Hornbeam 32
Hornbeam 32
Larch 6
Mountain Ash 51
Orpine 48
Pennyroyal 76
White Hellebore 26
Yew 6
Amphicarpa 53
Anacardiaceae 58
Anagallis 71
Anaphalis 85
Andromeda 69
Andropogon 10
Anemone 41
Cut-leaved 41
Long-fruited 41
Round-headed 41
Tall 41
Wood 41
Angelica 66
Antennaria 85
Anthemis 85
Anthoxanthum 10
Apios 53
Apocynaceae 72
Apocynum 72
Appalachian Cherry 51
Apple 51
of Peru 78
Purple Thorn 78
Thorn 78
Aquifoliaceae 58
Aquilegia 41
Arabis 44
Araceae 23
Aralia 66
Araliaceae 66
Arbor Vitae 7
Arbutus, Trailing 69
Arceuthobium 34
Arctium 86
Arctostaphylos 69
Arenaria 38
Arethusa 27
Arisaema 23
Aristida 10
Aristolochiaceae 34
Aromatic Winter-
green 69
Arrhenatherum 10
Arrow Grass Family 9
Arrow-head 9
Arrow-leaved Tear- •
thumb 36
Arrow-wood 83
Downy 83
Maple-leaved 83
Toothed 83
Artemisia 86
Artichoke, Jerusa-
lem 89
Arum, Dragon 23
Family 23
Water 23
Asarabacca 34
Asarum 34
Asclepiadaceae 73
Asclepias 73
Ash 72
American Moun-
tain 51
Black 72
European Moun-
tain 51
Green 72
Northern Prickly 56
Prickly 56
Red 72
INDEX
105
White 72
Ash-leaved Maple 59
Spiraea 53
Asparagus 25
Garden 25
Aspen 29
American 30
Large-toothed 30
Aspidium 1
Asplenium 2
Aster 86
Flat-topped White 87
Hairy-stemmed 86
Heart-leaved 86
Large-leaved 86
New England 86
Panicled 86
Pringle's 86
Purple-stemmed 87
Small White 87
Stiff 86
Tall White 86
Wavy-leaved 87
White Wood 86
Astragalus 53
A vena 100
Avens 50
Purple 50
Rough 50
Water 50
White 50
Yellow 50
Awned Cyperus 21
Wheat Grass 9
Azalea, Pink 70
Bachelor's Button 87
Balm of Gilead 30
Fir 6
Balmony 79
Balsam 60
Fir 6
Groundsel 91
Poplar 29
Balsam-apple, Wild 84
Balsaminaceae 60
Baneberry 40
Red 40
White 40
Barbarea 44
Barberry 43
Common 43
Family 43
Barley 13, 16
Egyptian 13
Barnyard Grass 12
Barren Strawberry 53
Bartonia 72
Yellow 72
Basil 77
Thyme 77
Basswood 61
Bastard Pennyroyal 7^
Toad-flax 34
Beach Heather 62
Pea 54
Beak Rush 22
Beaked Hazelnut 32
Willow 31
Bean, Wild 53
Bearberry 69
Red 69
Beard, Goat's 92
Grass 10
Bearded Darnel 13
Beard-tongue 80
Bedstraw 81
Marsh 82
Northern 82
Rough 81
Small 82
Sweet-scented 82
Beech 32
American 32
Blue 32
Family 32
Fern 3
Water 32
Beech-drops 81
False 70
Beggar's Lice 74
Beggar's-ticks, Com-
mon 87
Swamp 87
Bellflower 84
European 84
Marsh 84
Nettle-leaved 84
Bellwort 26
Large-flowered 26
Sessile-leaved 26
Benjamin Bush 43
Bent Grass 10
Benzoin 43
Berberidaceae 43
Berberis 43
Bergamot, Wild 76
Berry, Partridge 82
Pigeon 37
Service 49
Berteroa 45
Betony, Wood 79
Betula 32
Betulaceae 31
Bidens 87
Bindweed 73
Black 35
Field 73
Fringed Black 35
Hedge 73
Upright 73
Birch 32
Black 32
Canoe 32
Cherry 32
Family 32
Gray 32
Old Field 32
Paper 32
Sweet 32
White 32
Yellow 32
Bird Cherry 51
Birthroot 26
Birthwort Family 34
Bishop's Cap 48
Bitter Cress 45
Dock 36
Bitternut Hickory 31
Bittersweet 58, 78
Climbing 58
Shrubby 58
Bitter-weed 85
Black Alder 58
Ash 72
Bindweed 35
Birch 32
Chokeberry 51
Cohosh 41
Dewberry 52
Gum 68
High Blueberry 70
Huckleberry 69
Larch 6
Medick 54
Mustard 45
Oak 33
Raspberry 52
Snakeroot 41, 67
Spruce 6
Sugar Maple 59
Willow 30
Blackberry, High
Bush 52
Recurved 52
Running Swamp 52
106
INDEX
Black-eyed Susan 90
Black-fruited Moun-
tain Rice 14
Bladder Campion 39
Fern 2
Ketmia 61
Nut 59
Nut Family 59
Bladderwort 80
Family 80
Greater 80
Elite, Strawberry 37
Bloodroot 43
Blue Beech 32
Bottle 87
Cohosh 43
Curls 78
Devil 74
Flag 27
Myrtle 73
Sailors 87
Vervain 75
Vetch 55
Bluebell 84
Family 84
Bluebells 75
Blueberry 70
Black High 70
Early Sweet 71
High 70
Late Low 71
Low Sweet 71
Sour-top 70
Swamp 70
Velvet-leaf 70
Bluets 82
Blue-eyed Grass 27
Blue-joint Grass 11
Blue-stemmed Golden-
rod 91
Blue-weed 74
Blunt-leaved Milk-
weed 73
Sandwort 38
Blunt-lobed Woodsia 3
Boehmeria 33
Bog Club Moss 5
Golden-rod 92
Rosemary 69
Rush 24
Spruce 6
Willow 30
Wintergreen 70
Boneset 88
Boott's Shield Fern 1
Borage Family 74
Boraginaceae 74
Botrychium 4
Bottle, Blue 87
Grass 16
Bottle-brush Grass 13
Bouncing Bet 39
Box Elder 59
Brachyelytrum 10
Bracken 3
Brake 3
Cliff 3
Purple Cliff 3 '
Rock 2
Slender Rock 2
Bramble 52
Brasenia 40
Brassica 45
Brier, Cat 26
Green 26
Bristly Crowfoot 42
Foxtail Grass 16
Sarsaparilla 66
Broad Beech Fern 3
Broad-fruited Bur-
reed 7
Broad-leaved Spring
Beauty 40
Brome Grass 11
Crowfoot 42
Bull Thistle 88
Bulrush 22
Great 22
River 22
Bunchberry 68
Bur Clover 54
Grass 11
Marigold 87
Oak 33
Burdock 86
Common 86
Great 86
Burnet 53
Garden 53
Bur-reed 7
Broad-fruited 7
Family 7
Burseed 74
Bush, Benjamin 43
Clover 54
Fever 43
Honeysuckle 82
Rock Shad 49
Shad 49
Shore Shad 49
Spice 43
Steeple 53
Bushy Golden-rod 91
Butter-and-Eggs 79
Bromus 11
Brooklime, American 80Buttercup 42
Broom Beard Grass 10 Bulbous 42
Broom-rape 81 Creeping 42
Family 81 Swamp 43
Brown Beak Rush 22 Tall 42
BroM^nish-fruited Butternut 31
Rush 24
Buckbean 72
Buckeye 59
Buckthorn 60
Alder-leaved 60
Common 60
Family 60
Buckwheat 35
Climbing False 36
Family 36
Buffalo-berry, Cana-
dian 64
Buffalo Currant 48
Bugbane 41
Bugle Weed 75, 76
Bugloss, Viper's 74
Bulb-bearing Loose-
strife 71
Bulbous Buttercup 42
Butterweed 88
Buttonbush 81
Buttonwood 49
Cabbage, Skunk 23
Calamus 23
Calamagrostis 11
Calamint 77
California Rose 73
Calla 23
Wild 23
Callitrichaceae 57
Callitriche 57
Calopogon 27
Caltha 41
Camelina 45
Campanula 84
Campanulaceae 84
Campion 38, 39
Bladder 39
INDEX
Red 39
White 38
Camptosorus 2
Canada Blue Grass 15
Golden-rod 91
Hawkweed 89
Plum 51
Thistle 88
Violet 62
Canadian Buffalo-
berry 64
Canary Grass 15
Cancer-root 81
One-flowered 81
Canker-root 41
Cannabis 33
Canoe Birch 32
Caper Family 47
Capillaire 69
Capparidaceae 47
Caprifoliaceae 82
Capsella 45
Caraway 66
Cardamine 45
Cardinal Flower 84
Carduus 87
Carex 17
Carnation 38
Carpenter-weed 77
Carpet Weed 38
Carpinus 32
Carrion-flower 26
Carrot 67
Wild 67
Carum 66
Carya 31
Caryophyllaceae 38
Cashew Family 58
Cassandra 69
Castalia 40
Castanea 32
Cat Brier 26
Mint 76
Spruce 6
Catchfly 39
Night-flowering 39
Sleepy 39
Sweet William 39
Catnip 76
Cat-tail, Common 7
Family 7
Flag 7
Narrow-leaved 7
Caulophyllum 43
Ceanothus 60
Cedar, Red 6
White 7
Celandine 43
Celastraceae 58
Celastrus 58
Celtis 33
Cenchrus 11
Centaurea 87
Cephalanthus
Cerastium 38
Chain Fern 3
81
Purple 51
Red 51
Choke Cherry 51
Christmas Fern 3
Chryanthemum 87
Chrysosplenium 48
Cicely, Smoother
Sweet 67
Sweet 67
Woolly Sweet 67
Cicer 53
Chair-maker's Rush 22 Cichorium 87
Chamaedaphne 69
Chamomile 85
Wild 90
Charlock 45
Cheat 11
Checkerberry 69
Cheeses 61
Chelidonium 43
Chelone 79
Chenopodiaceae 36
Chenopodium 36
Cherry 51
Appalachian 51
Birch 32
Bird 51
Choke 51
Clammy Ground 78
Fire 51
Ground 78
Pin 51
Rum 51
Sand 51
Wild Black 51
Wild Red 51
Chess 11
Wild 11
Wood 11
Chestnut 32
Oak 33
Chick-pea 53
Chickweed 39
Common 39
Cicuta 66
Cimicifuga 41
Cinna 11
Cinnamon Fern 3
Rose 52
Cinquefoil 50
Marsh 51
Rough 51
Shrubby 51
Silvery 50
Tall 51
Circaea 64
Cirsium 88
Cistaceae 62
Clammy Ground Cher-
ry 78
Hedge Hyssop 79
Locust 55
Clammy-weed 47
Claytonia 40
Clearweed 34
Cleavers 81
Clematis 41
Purple 41
Wild 41
Cliff Brake 3
Climbing bitter-sweet 58
False Buckwheat 36
Fumitory 44
Nightshade 78
Clintonia 25
Yellow 25
Common Mouse-ear 38Clinton's Shield Fern 1
Field Mouse-ear 38 Closed Gentian 72
Indian 38
Mouse-ear 38
Nodding 38
Wintergreen 72
Chicory 87
Common 87
Chimaphila 69
Chiogenes 69
Chokeberry, Black 51
Clotbur 92
Clover 55
Alsike 55
Bur 54
Bush 54
Hop 55
Low Hop 55
Rabbit-foot 55
Red 55
108
Stone 55
Sweet 54
White 55
White Sweet 54
Yellow 55
Yellow Sweet 54
Zigzag 55
Club Moss 5
Moss Family 5
Rush 22
Clustered Snakeroot
Coast Jointweed 35
Cockle, Corn 38
Cocklebur 92
Coffee, Wild 83
Cohosh 40
Black 41
Blue 43
Coltsfoot 92
Columbine 41
Garden 41
Wild 41
Comandra 34
Comfrey 75
Common 75
Wild 74
Compositae 85
Composite Family 85
Cone-flower 90
Tall 90
Conium 66
Convallaria 25
Convolvulaceae 73
Convolvulvus 73
Family 73
Coptis 41
Coral Root 27
Early 27
Large 27
Corallorrhiza 27
Cord Grass 16
Cork Elm 34
Corn Cockle 38
Flower 87
Indian 16
Poppy 43
Speedwell 80
Spurrey 39
Squirrel 44
Wild Broom 15
Cornaceae 68
Cornel 68
Dwarf 68
Round-leaved 68
Silky 68
INDEX
Cornus 68
Corpse Plant 70
Corydalis 44
Golden 44
Pale 44
Pink 44
Corylus 32
Cotton Grass 22
Cotton-wood 30
Couch Grass 9
67 Cow Cress 46
Lily 40
Parsnip 67
Wheat 79
Cowbane, Spotted 66
Cow-herb 39
Cowslip, English 71
Virginian 75
Cowslips 41
Crack Willow 30
Cranberry 70
American 71
High-bush 83
Large 71
Small 71
Tree 83
Cranesbill 56
Wild 56
Crassulaceae 47
Crataegus 49
Cream-colored Vetch-
ling 54
Creeper, Disk 60
Tendril 60
Virginia 60
Creeping Buttercup 42
Eragrostis 12
Snowberry 69
Spearwort 42
Cress, Bitter 45
Common Winter 45
Cow 46
Erect-fruited Win-
ter 44
Field 46
Field Penny 47
Hairy Marsh 46
Hairy Rock 44
Lake 46
Marsh 46
Penny 47
Purple Rock 44
Rock 44
Small Bitter 45
Smooth Rock 44
Water 46
Winter 44
Yellow 46
Crested Shield Fern 1
Crowfoot 42
Bristly 42
Bulbous 42
Common White
Water 42
Cursed 42
Family 40
Hooked 42
Small-flowered 42
Stiff Water 42
Tall 42
Yellow Water 42
Cruciferae 44
Cryptogramma 2
Cryptotaenia 66
Cucumber, Wild 84
One-seeded Bur 84
Star 84
Cucumber-root, In-
dian 25
Cucurbitaceae 84
Cudweed 89
Low 89
Cup Plant 91
Huntman's 47
Currant 48
Buffalo 48
Garden Red 48
Missouri 48
Swamp Red 48
Wild Black 48
Cursed Crowfoot 42
Cuscuta 73
Cut-grass 13
Rice 13
Cut-leaved Anemone 41
Bugle Weed 76
Golden-rod 91
Pepper-root 45
Toothwort 45
Cynoglossum 74
Cyperaceae 17
Cyperus 21
Awned 21
Shining 21
Straw-colored 21
Cypress Spurge 57
Cypripedium 27
Cystopteris 2
Dactylis 11
Daisy Fleabane 88
INDEX
109
Michaelmas 87
Ox-eye 87
White 87
Yellow 90
Dalibarda 50
Dandelion 92
Common 92
Red-seeded 92
Danthonia 11
Daphne 64
Darnel la
Bearded 13
Common 13
Datura 78
Daucus 67
Day Lily 25
Dead Nettle 76
Decodon 64
Dentaria 45
Deschampsia 11
Desmodium 53
Devil's Paint-brush 89
Dewberry, Black 52
Red 52
Swamp 52
Dianthus 38
Dicentra 44
Dicksonia 2
Diervilla 82
Digitaria 12
Dirca 64
Disk Creeper 60
Ditch Stonecrop 47
Dock 36
Bitter 36
Great Water 36
Patience 36
Spatter 40
Swamp 36
Yellow 36
Dock-leaved Persi-
caria 35
Dockmackie 83
Dodder 73
Dog Fennel 85
Violet 62
Dogbane 72
Family 72
Spreading 72
Dogberry 48
Dogwood 68
Alternate-leaved 68
Family 68
Panicled 68
Poison 58
Red-osier 68
Round-leaved 68
Silky 68
Dog's-tooth Violet 25
Doll's Eyes 40
Doorweed 35
Downy Arrow-wood 83
Golden-rod 92
Green Alder 31
Rattlesnake Plan-
tain 28
Yellow Violet 63
Draba 46
Dragon Arum 23
Drop-seed 14, 16
Dropwort 50
Drosera 47
Droseraceae 47
Duck's-meat 2o
Duckweed 23
Family 23
Greater 23
Ivy-leaved 23
Lesser 23
Dulichium 21
Eleocharis 21
Elm 34
American 34
Cork 34
English 34
Red 34
Rock 34
Slippery 34
White 34
Elodea 9
Elymus 12
Enchanter's Night-
shade 64
English Cowslip 71
Elm 34
Hawthorn 49
Plantain 81
Epifagus 81
Epigaea 69
Epilobium 04
Epipactis 28
Equisetaceae 4
Equisetum 4
Eragrostis 12
Creeping 12
Dutchman's Breeches 44 Strong-scented 12
Dwarf Cornel 68
Ginseng 66
Mistletoe 34
Raspberry 52
Sumach 58
Dyssodia 88
Early Coral Root 27
Golden-rod 91
Meadow^ Parsnip 68
Meadow Rue 43
Saxifrage 48
Sweet Blueberry 71
Yellow Violet 63
Ebony Spleenwort 2
Echinochloa 12
Echinocystis 84
Echium 74
Eel Grass 9
Eglantine 52
Egyptian Barley 13
Elaeagnaceae 64
Elder S3
Box 59
Common 83
Poison 58
Red-berried 83
Wild 66
Elderberry 83
Elecampane 90
Erechtites 88
Erect-fruited Winter
Cress 44
Erect Knotweed 35
Ericaceae 69
Erigeron 88
Eriocaulaceae 23
Eriocaulon 23
Eriophorum 22
Erodium 56
Eryngium 67
Eryngo 67
Erysimum 46
Erythronium 25
Eupatorium 88
Euphorbia 57
Euphorbiaceae 57
European Bellflower 84
Mallow 60
Millet 14
Mountain Ash 51
Stickseed 74
Evening Primrose 65
Primrose Family 64
Evergreen Wood Fern 1
Everlasting S~>
Common 89
Pea 54
Pearly 85
liO
INDEX
Plantain-leaved 85
Fagaceae 32
Fagopyrum 35
Fagus 32
False Acacia 55
Beech Drops 70
Dragon Head 77
Flax 45
Hellebore 26
Loosestrife 65
Mermaid 58
Mermaid Family 58
Miterwort 48
Nettle 33
Pimpernel 79
Solomon's Seal 26
Spikenard 26
Feather Geranium 36
Prince's 35
Fennel, Dog 85
Fen Orchis 29
Fern, Beech 3
Bladder 2
Boott's Shield 1
Broad Beech 3
Chain 3
Christmas 3
Cinnamon 3
Clinton's Shield 1
Common Bladder 2
Crested Shield 1
Evergreen Wood 1
Family 1
Flowering 3
Fragile Bladder 2
Goldie's 1
Grape 4
Hay-scented 2
Interrupted 4
Lady 2
Lance-leaved Grape
Little Grape 4
Long Beech 3
Marginal Shield 1
Marsh 1
New York 1
Oak 3
Ostrich 2
Rattlesnake 4
Royal 4
Sensitive 2
Shield 1
Spinulose Shield 1
Sweet 31
Ternate Grape 4
Virginia Chain 3
Wood 1
Fescue Grass 12
Meadow 12
Nodding 12
Sheep's 12
Red 12
Taller 12
Festuca 12
Fetid Marigold 88
Fever Bush 43
Feverwort 83
Field Bindweed 73
Cress 46
Golden-rod 91
Milkwort 57
Mouse-ear Chick-
weed 38
Penny Cress 47
Sorrel 36
Sow Thistle 92
Spurrey 39
Figwort 80
Family 79
Filbert 32
Filipendula 50
Finger Grass 12
Fiorin 10
Fir 6
Balm-of-Gilead 6
Balsam 6
Fire Cherry 51
Fireweed 65, 88
Five-finger 50, 51
Flag, Blue 27
Cat-tail 7
Sweet 23
Flat-topped White As-
ter 87
Flax 55
4 Common 55
False 45
Family 55
Fleabane 88
Daisy 88
Pink 88
Fleur-de-lis 27
Floating Foxtail
Grass 10
Manna Grass 13
Floerkea 58
Flower, Cardinal 84
Corn 87
Moccasin 27
Monkey 79
Side-saddle 47
Star 72
Wind 41
Flowering Fern 3
Fern Family 3
Sage 76
Spurge 57
Wintergreen 57
Flower-of-an-hour 61
Foam-flower 48
Forget-me-not 75
True 75
Forked Beard Grass 10
Four-leaved Milkweed 73
Fowl Meadow Grass 15
Foxtail Grass 10
Green 16
Yellow 16
Fragaria 50
Fragile Bladder Fern 2
Fraxinus 72
Fringed Black Bind-
weed 35
Loosestrife 71
Orchis 28
Polygala 57
Frog's Bit Family 9
Frost Grape 60
Frostweed 62
Fumaria 44
Fumariaceae 44
Fumitory 44
Climbing 44
Common 44
Family 44
Galeopsis 75
Galingale 21
Galinsoga 88
Galium 81
Gall-of-the-earth 90
Garden Asparagus 25
Burnet 53
Columbine 41
Heliotrope 84
Orpine 47
Phlox 74
Red Currant 48
Snowberry 83
Sorrel 36
Garget 37
Garlic 25
Gaultheria 69
Gaylussacia 69
Gentian 72
Closed 72
INDEX
111
Family 72
Horse 83
Stiff 72
Gentiana 72
Gentianaceae 72
Geraniaceae 56
Geranium 56
Family 56
Feather 36
Gerardia 79
Slender 79
Small-flowered 79
Germander 78
American 78
German Millet 16
Geum 50
Giant Hyssop 75
Gilia 74
Gill-over-the-ground 77
Ginger, Wild 34
Ginseng 66
Dwarf 66
Family 66
Glaucous Honey-
suckle 83
Willow 30
Glyceria 13
Gnaphalium 89
Goat's Beard 92
Golden Alexanders 68
Corydalis 44
Hedge Hyssop 79
Meadow Parsnip 68
Ragwort 91
Saxifrage 48
Seal 42
Golden-rod 91
Blue-stemmed 91
Bog 92
Bushy 91
Canada 91
Cut-leaved 91
Downy 92
Early 91
Field 91
Gray 91
Hairy 91
Late 92
Stout Ragged 92
Tall Hairy 92
White 91
Zigzag 91
Goldie's Fern 1
Goldthread 41
Goose Grass 81
Gooseberry 48
Prickly 48
Goosefoot 36
Family 36
Maple-leaved 37
Oak-leaved 37
Upright 37
Gourd Family 84
Gramineae 9
Grape 60
Fern 4
Frost 60
River-bank 60
Summer 60
Grass
Awned Wheat 9
Barnyard 12
Beard 10
Bent 10
Blue-eyed 27
Blue-joint 11
Bottle 16
Bottle-brush 13
Bristly Foxtail 16
Brome 11
Broom Beard 10
Bur 11
Canada Blue 15
Canary 15
Common Hair 11
Common Wild Oat 11
Cord 16
Cotton 22
Couch 9
Eel 9
Family 9
Fescue 12
Finger 12
Floating Foxtail 10
Floating Manna 13
Forked Beard 10
Fowl Meadow 15
Foxtail 10
Goose 81
Grove Spear 15
Hair 10
Herd's 15
Holy 13
Hungarian 16
Hungarian Brome 11
Indian 16
June 15
Kentucky Blue 15
Large Crab 12
Low Spear 15
Lyme 12
Manna 13
Marsh 16
Meadow 15
Meadow Foxtail 10
Melic 13
Millet 16
Oat 10
of Parnassus 48
Old-witch 14
Orchard 11
Pale Manna 13
Panic 14
Perennial Ray 13
Pigeon 16
Pink 27
Poverty 10
Quick 9
Quitch 9
Rattlesnake 13
Reed Bent 11
Reed Canary 15
Reed Meadow 13
Rib 81
Ribbon 15
Ripple 81
Rough Foxtail 16
Rush 16
Rye 13
Seneca 13
Slender Wheat 9
Slender Wood Reed 11
Slough 16
Small Crab 12
Spear 15
Squirrel-tail 13
Sweet Vernal 10
Tall Oat 10
Tape 9
Thin 10
Triple-awned 10
Vanilla 13
Water Star 24
Weak Spear 15
White 13
White Bent 10
Wild Oat 11
Wire 15
Wood 16
Wood Reed 11
Wool 22
Yellow Nut 21
Gratiola 79
Graveyard Moss 57
Gray Birch 32
112
INDEX
Golden-rod 91
Oak 33
Great Bulrush 22
Burdock 86
Ragweed 85
St. John's-wort 61
Water Dock 36
Willow-herb 65
Panicled 89
Rough 90
Hawthorn 49
English 49
Hay-scented Fern 2
Hazelnut 32
Beaked 32
Heal-all 77
Greater Bladderwort 80Heart-leaved Aster i
Duckweed 23 Twayblade 29
Green Adder's Mouth 29 Willow 30
Amaranth 37 Heart's-ease 62, 63
Ash 72 Heath Family 69
Brier 26 Heather, Beach 62
Foxtail 16 Hedeoma 76
Greenish-flowered Win- Hedge Bindweed 73
tergreen 70 Hyssop 79
Grim the Collier 89 Mustard 46
Gromwell 74 Nettle 77
Common 75 Helianthemum
62
Ground Cherry 78
Hemlock 6
Ivy 77
Laurel 69
Pine 5
Pink 73
Ground-nut 53
Groundsel 91
Balsam 91
Common 91
Grove Spear Grass 15
Gum, Black 68
Sour 68
Gypsophila 38
Low 38
Habenaria 28
Hackberry 33
Hackmatack 6
Hair Grass 10
Hairy Golden-rod 91
Marsh Cress 46
Rock Cress 44
Wood Rush 24
Helianthus 89
Heliopsis
Alyssum 45
Hobble-bush 83
Hog Peanut 53
Hog-weed 85
Holly 58
Family 58
Mountain 58
Holy Grass 13
Honewort 66
Honeysuckle 82
American Fly 82
Bush 82
Family 82
Glaucous 83
Tartarian 83
Hooked Crowfoot 42
Hop 33
Clover 55
Common 33
Hornbeam 32
Japanese 33
Hordeum 13, 16
Heliotrope, Garden 84 Horehound, Water 76
Hellebore, American Hornbeam 32
White 26
False 26
Hemerocallis 25
Hemlock 7
Ground 6
Poison 66
Water 66
Hemp 33
Common 33
Indian 72
Nettle 75
Water 37
Henbit 76
Hepatica 41
Heracleum 67
Herb Robert 56
Herd's Grass 15
Heteranthera 24
Hibiscus 61
Hairy-stemmed Aster 86Hickory 31
Halberd-leaved Tear-
thumb 35
Haloragidaceae 65
Hamamelidaceae 49
Hamamelis 49
Hardback 53
Harebell 84
Hare's Tail 22
Hawkweed 89
Canada 89
Orange 89
Bitternut 31
Shagbark 31
Shellbark 31
Swamp 31
White-heart 31
Hieracium 89
Hierochloe 13
High Blueberry 70
American 32
American Hop 32
Hop 32
Horse Gentian 83
Mint 76
Horse-chestnut 59
Common 59
Horseradish 46
Horsetail 4
Common 4
Family 4
Marsh 5
Shore 5
Wood 5
Horseweed 88, 90
Hound's Tongue 74
Common 74
Houstonia 82
Huckleberry 69
Black 69*
Hudsonia 62
Humulus 33
Hungarian Brome
Grass 11
Grass 16
Huntsman's Cup 47
Husk Tomato 78
Hydrastis 42
High-bush Blackberry 52Hydrocharitaceae 9
Cranberry 83 Hydrocotyle 67
Hoary Alder 31 ' Hydrophyllaceae 74
INDEX
113
Hydropliylliim 74 .
Hypericaceae 61.
Hypericum 61
Hyssop, Clammy
Hedge 79
Giant 75
Golden Hedge 79
Hedge 79
Hystrix 13
Ilex 58
Ilysanthes 79
Impatiens 60
Indian Chickweed 38
Corn 16
Cucumber-root 25
Grass 16
Hemp 72
Mallow 61
Mustard 45
Pipe 70
Poke 26
Rice 16
Tobacco 84
Turnip 23
Innocence 82
Interrupted Fern 4
Inula 90
Ipomoea 73
Iridaceae 27
Iris 27
Family 27
Wild 27
Yellow 27
Iron wood 32
Ivy, Ground 77
Poison 57
Ivy-leaved Duckweed
Jack-in-the-Pulpit 23
Jamestown Weed 78
Japanese Hop 33
Knotweed 35
Jerusalem Artichoke
Oak 36
Jewelweed 60
Jimson Weed 78
Joe-Pye Weed 88
Jointed Rush 24
Jointweed, Coast 35
Juglandaceae 31
Juglans 31
Juncaceae 24
Juncaginaceae 9
J uncus 24
June Berry 49
Grass 15
Pink 70
Juniper 6
Common 6
Juniperus 6
Kalmia 69
Kentucky Blue Grass
King Devil 89
Kinnikinnik 68
Knotgrass 35
Knotted Rush 24
Knotweed 35
Erect 35
Japanese 35
Labiatae 75
Labrador Tea 69
Lactuca 90
Ladies' Tobacco 85
Ladies' Tresses 29
Nodding 29
Slender 29
Lady Fern 2
Lady's Slipper 27
Large Yellow 27
Pink 27
Ram's Head 27
Showy 27
Smaller Yellow 27
Stemless 27
Lady's Sorrel 56
Thumb 36
Lake Cress 46
Lambkill 69
Lamb's Quarters 36
Lamium 76
Lance-leaved Grape
23 Fern 4
Loosestrife 71
Violet 63
Laportea 33
Lappula 74
89Larch 6
American 6
Black 6
Large Coral Root 27
Crab Grass 12
Cranberry 71
Pepper-root 45
Purple-fringed Or-
chis 28
Toothwort 45
Twayblade 28
Yellow Lady's Slip
per 27
Yellow Pond Lily 40
Large-bracted Plan-
tain 81
Large-flowered Bell-
wort 26
Large-fruited Snake- .
15 root 67
Large-leaved Aster 86
Orchis 28
Pondweed 8
Large-toothed Aspen 30
Larix 6
Late Golden-rod 92
Low Blueberry 71
Lathyrus 54
Lauraceae 43
Laurel 69
Family 43
Ground 69
Pale 69
Sheep 69
Laurestinus 83
Leaf, Leather 69
Velvet 61
Leather Leaf 69
Leatherwood 64
Lechea 62
Ledum 69
Leek, Wild 25
Leersia 13
Leguminosae 53
Lemna 23
Lemnaceae 23
Lentibulariaceae 80
Leonurus 76
Lepidium 46
Lespedeza 54
Lesser Duckweed 23
Rattlesnake Plan-
tain 28
Stitchwort 39
Lettuce 90
Prickly 90
Tall Blue 90
Tall White 90
White 90
Wild 90
Leverwood 32
Levisticum 67
Lilac 72
Common 72
Liliaceae 25
. Lilium 25
Lily 25
114
INDEX
Common Day 25
Cow 40
Day 25
Family 25
Large Yellow Pond 40
Meadow 25
of the Valley 25
Small Yellow Pond 40
Sweet-scented White
Water 40
Tiger 25
Tuberous White
Water 40
Water 40
Wild Orange-red 25
Wild Yellow 25
Wood 25
Yellow Pond 40
Limnanthaceae 57
Linaceae 55
Linaria 79
Linden 61
Family 61
Linnaea 82
Linum 55
Lion's Heart 77
Liparis 28
Liquorice, Wild 82
Listera 29
Lithospermum 74
Little Grape Fern 4
Live-for-ever 47
Liverleaf 41
Round-lobed 42
Sharp-lobed 41
Lobelia 84
Family 84
Lobeliaceae 84
Lobular! a 46
Locust 55
Clammy 55
Common 55
Lolium 13
Lombardy Poplar 30
Long Beech Fern 3
Loose-spiked Milk-
wort 57
Loosestrife 64, 71
Bulb-bearing 71
False 65
Family 64
Fringed 71
Lance-leaved 71
Swamp 64
Tufted 71
Whorled 71
Lopseed 81
Family 81
Loranthaceae 34
Lousewort 79
Common 79
Lovage 67
Love Vine 73
Low Cudweed 89
Gypsophila 38
Hop Clover 55
Spear Grass 15
Sweet Blueberry 71
Lucerne 54
Ludvigia 65
Lungwort 75
Lupine 54
Wild 54
Lupinus 54
Luzula 24
Lychnis 38
Lycopodiaceae 5
Lycopodium 5
Lycopus 76
Lycium 78
Lyme Grass 12
Lysimachia 71
Lythraceae 64
Ly thrum 64
Madder Family 81
Wild 82
Mad-dog Skullcap 77
Maianthemum 25
Maidenhair 1
Spleenwort 2
Long-bracted Orchis 28 Mallow 61
Long-fruited Anem-
one 41
Long-leaved Stitch-
wort 39
Sundew 47
Long-spurred Violet 63
Lonicera 82
Common 61
European 61
Family 61
Indian 61
Musk 61
Rose 61
Whorled 61
Malva 61
Malvaceae 61
Manna Grass 13
Maple 59
Ash-leaved 59
Black Sugar 59
Family 59
Mountain 59
Red 59
Rock 59
Silver 59
Striped 59
Sugar 59
Swamp 59
White 59
Maple-leaved Arrow-
wood 83
Goosefoot 37
Marginal Shield Fern 1
Marguerite 87
Marigold, Bur 87
Fetid 88
Marsh 41
Water 87
Marsh Bedstraw 82
Bellflower 84
Blue Violet 62
Cinquefoil 51
Cress 46
Fern 1
Grass 16
Horsetail 5
Marigold 41
Muhlenbergia 14
Pea 54
St. John's-wort 62
Skullcap 77
Speedwell 80
Masterwort 66, 67
Matricaria 90
Matrimony Vine 78
Mayflower 69
Mayweed 85
Meadow Fescue 12
Foxtail Grass 10
Grass 15
Lily 25
Muhlenbergia 14
Queen of the 53
Rue 43
Meadow-sweet 53
Medeola 25
Medicago 54
Medick 54
Black 54
INDEX
115
57
73
73
Spotted 54
Melampyrum 79
Melic Grass 13
Melica 13
Melilot 54
White 54
Yellow 54
Melilotus 54
Mentha 76
Menyanthes 72
Mercury, Three-
seeded 57
Mertensia 75
Mexican Tea 36
Mezereum 64
Family 64
Michaelmas Daisy 87
Microstylis 29
Milfoil 85
Water 65
Milk Purslane
Vetch 53
Milkweed 73
Blunt-leaved
Common 73
Family 73
Four-leaved
Poke 73
Swamp 73
Milkwort 57
Family 57
Field 57
Loose-spiked 57
Purple 57
Racemed 57
Millet 16
European 14
German 16
Mimulus 79
Mint 76
Cat 76
Family 75
Horse 76
Mountain 77
Narrow-leaved Mount
tain 77
Spotted 76
Whorled 76
Wild 76
Missouri Currant 48
Mistletoe, Dwarf 34
Family 34
Mitchella 82
Mitella 48
Miterwort 48
False 48
Naked 48
Two-leaved 48
Mithridate Mustard 47
Moccasin Flower 27
Mock Pennyroyal 76
Mocker Nut 31
Mollugo 38
Monarda 76
Moneses 70
Moneywort 71
Monkey Flower 79
Monotropa 70
Moonwort 4
Moosewood 59, 64, 83
Morning Glory 73
Common 73
Small Red 73
Wild 73
Morus 33
Moss, Bog Club 5
Club 5
Common Club 5
Mustard 45
Black 45
Common Hedge 47
Family 44
Hedge 46
Indian 45
Mithridate 47
Tower 44
Treacle 46
Tumble 46
Worm-seed 46
Myosotis 75
Myrica 31
Myricaceae 31
Myriophyllum 65
Myrtle, Blue 73
Yellow 71
Naiad 8
Najadaceae 8
Najas 8
Naked Miterwort 48
Nannyberry 83
Narrow False Oat 16
Common Tree Club 5 Narrow-leaved Cat-
Graveyard 57
Pink 74
Shining Club 5
Stiff Club 5
Tree Club 5
Mossy Stonecrop 47
Mossy-cup Oak 33
Moth Mullein 80
Motherwort 76
Common 76
Mountain Fringe 44
Holly 58
Maple 59
Mint 77
Rice 14
Mouse-ear Chickweed 38
Moxie Plum 69
Mud Plantain 24
Mugwort, Common 86
Muhlenbergia 14
- Marsh 14
Meadow 14
Slender 14
Mulberry 38
White 33
Mullein 80
Common 80
Moth 80
Musk Mallow 61
Storksbill 56
Musquash Root 66
tail 7
Mountain Mint 77
Spleenwort 2
Necklace Poplar 30
Neckweed 80
Nemopanthus 58
Nepeta 76
Nettle 34
Common Hemp 75
Dead 76
False 33
Family 33
Hedge 77
Hemp 75
Rough Hedge 77
Slender 34
Spotted Dead 76
Tall Wild 34
Tree 33
Wood 33
Nettle-leaved Bell-
flower 84
New England Aster 86
New Jersey Tea 60
New York Fern 1
Nicandra 78
Nigger-head 90
Night-flowering Catch-
fly 39
Nightshade 78
Climbing 78
116
INDEX
Common 79
Enchanter's 64
Family 78
Smaller Enchant-
er's 64
Nimble Will 14
Pyrola 70
One-seeded Bur Cucum-
ber 84
One-sided Winter-
green 70
Onion 25
Nodding Chickweed 38 Onobrychis 54
Fescue 12
Ladies' Tresses 29
Trillium 26
Wild Rye 12
Nonesuch 54
Northern Bedstraw 82
Prickly Ash 56
Stitchwort 39
Willow-herb 64
Norway Pine 7
Nut, American Blad-
der 59
Bladder 59
Mocker 31
Nymphaea 40
Nymphaeaceae 40
Nyssa 68
Oak 32
Black 33
Bur 33
Chestnut 33
Fern 3
Gray 33
Jerusalem 36
Mossy-cup 33
Over-cup 33
Poison 58
Red 33
Swamp White 32
White 32
Yellow 33
Yellow-barked 33
Oakesia 26
Onoclea 2
Ophioglossaceae 4
Ophioglossum 4
Orange Hawkweed 89
Orange-root 42
Orchard Grass 11
Orchidaceae 27
Orchis 29
Family 27
Fen 29
Fringed 28
Large-leaved 28
Large Purple Fringed
28
Long-bracted 28
Ragged Fringed 28
Rein 28
Round-leaved 28
Showy 29
Smaller Purple
Fringed 28
Small Wood 28
Tall Green 28
White Bog 28
White Fringed 28
Orobanchaceae 81
Orobanche 81
Orpine 47
American 48
Family 47
Garden 47
Oryzopsis 14
Osier 30
Oak-leaved Goosefoot 370smorhiza 67
Oat 100
Grass 10
Narrow False 16
Purple 13
Oats, Water 16
Oenothera 65
Old Field Birch 32
Old-witch Grass 14
Oleaceae 72
Oleaster Family 64
Olive Family 72
Onagraceae 64
One-flowered Cancer-
root 81
Osmunda 8
Osmundaceae 3
Ostrich Fern 2
Ostrya 32
Over-cup Oak 33
Oxalidaceae 56
Oxalis 56
Ox-eye 89
Daisy 87
Painted Trillium 26
Pale Corydalis 44
Laurel 69
Manna Grass 13
Persicaria 35
St. John's-wort 61
Touch-me-not 60
Pale-leaved Wood Sun-
flower 89
Panax 66
Panic Grass 14
Panicled Aster 86
Dogwood 68
Hawkweed 89
Panicum 14
Pansy 63
Papaver 43
Papaveraceae 43
Paper Birch 32
Pappoose Root 43
Parietaria 33
Parnassia 48
Parsley Family 66
Parsnip 67
Cow 67
Early Meadow 68
Golden Meadow 68
Poison 67
Water 68
Wild 67
Partridge Berry 82
Pastinaca 67
Pasture Rose 52
Patience Dock 36
Pea, Beach 54
Everlasting 54
Marsh 54
Peanut, Hog 53
Pearly Everlasting 85
Pedicularis 79
Pellaea 3
Pellitory 33
Penny Cress 47
Pennyroyal 76
American 76
Bastard 78
Mock 76
Pennywort, Water 67
Penthorum 47
Pentstemon 80
Pepper, Water 35
Peppergrass 46
Wild 46
Pepperidge 68
Peppermint 76
Pepper-root 45
Cut-leaved 45
Large 45
Two-leaved 45
Pepperwort 46
INDEX
117
Perennial Ray Grass 13 Moss 73
Periwinkle 73 Persicaria 36
Common 73 Swamp 70
Persicaria, Common 36 Pinus 7
Dock-leaved 35
Pale 35
Pink 36
Swamp 35
Phalaris 15
Phegopteris 3
Phleum 15
Phlox 74
Garden 74
Phragmites 15
Phryma 81
Phrymaceae 81
Physalis 78
Physostegia 76
Phytolacca 37
Phytolaccaceae 37
Picea 6
Pickerel-weed 24
Family 24
Pigeon Berry 37
Grass 16
Pigweed 36, 37
Pilea 34
Pimbina 83
Pimpernel 71 •
Common 71
False 79
Short-stalked False 79
Pinweed 62
Pipes 4
Pipewort 23
Family 23
Pipsissewa 69
Pitcher-plant 47
Family 47
Pitch Pine 7
Plane Tree 49
Family 49
Plant, Corpse 70
Cup 91
Plantaginaceae 81
Plantago 81
Plantain 81
Common 81
Downy Rattlesnake
English 81
Family 81
Large-bracted 81
Lesser Rattlesnake
Mud 24
Poor Robin's 90
Rattlesnake 28
Robin's 88
Water 9
Plantain-leaved Ever
lasting 85
Yellow 68
Pin Cherry 51
Pinaceae 6
Pine 7
Drops 70
Family 6
Ground 5
Norway 7
Pitch 7
Prince's 69
Red 7
White 7
Pineapple-weed 90
Pinesap 70
Pink 38
Azalea 70
Corydalis 44
Family 38
Fleabane 88
Grass 27
Ground 73
June 70
Lady's Slipper 27
Platanaceae 49
Platanus 49
Plum 51
Canada 51
Moxie 69
Wild 51
Plumed Thistle 88
Plumeless Thistle 87
Poa 15
Pogonia 29
Rose 29
Small Whorled 29
Whorled 29
Poison Dogwood 58
Elder 58
Hemlock 66
Ivy 58
Oak 58
Parsnip 67
Sumach 58
Poke, Common 37
Indian 26
Milkweed 73
Pokeweed 37
Family 37
Polanisia 47
Polemoniaceae 74
Polemonium Family 74
Polygala 57
Fringed 57
Polygalaceae 57
Polygonaceae 35
Polygonatum 26
Polygonella 35
Polygonum 35
Polypodiaceae 1
Polypodium 3
Polypody 3
Polystichum 3
Pondweed 8
Common 8
Family 8
Large-leaved 8
28Pontederia 24
Pontederiaceae 24
Poor Man's Weather-
glass 71
28 Robin's Plantain 90
Poplar 29
Balsam 29
Lombardy 30
Necklace 30
Silver-leaved 29
Trembling 30
White 29
Poppy 43
Corn 43
Family 43
Populus 29
Portulaca 40
Portulacaceae 40
Potamogeton 8
Potentilla 50
Poverty Grass 10
Prairie Willow 30
Prenanthes 90
Prickly Ash 56
Gooseberry 48
Lettuce 90
Rose 52
Primrose 71
Common Evening 65
Evening 65
Family 71
Sinuate-leaved Even-
ing 65
Small-flowered Even-
ing 65
118
INDEX
Primula 71
Ragweed 85
Ribes 48 ■
Primiilaceae 71
Great 85
Ribwort 81 f
Prince's Featlier 35
Ragwort 91
Rice Cut Grass 13 1
Pine 69
Golden 91
Black-fruited Moun- 1
Pringle's Aster 86
Raisin, Wild 83
tain 14 1
Prostrate Amaranth 37 Ram's Head Lady's
Indian 16
Prunella 77
Slipper 27
Mountain 14
Prunus 51
Ramsted 79
Slender Mountain 14
Psedera 60
Ranunculaceae 40
Water 16
Pteris 3
Ranunculus 42
White-grained Moun-
Pterospora 70
Raspberry, Black 52
tain 14
Puccoon 74
Dwarf 52
Wild 16
Yellow 42
Purple 52
Richweed 34
Pulse Family 53
Purple Flowering 52
Ripple Grass 81
Purple Avens 50
Running 52
River-bank Grape 60
Chokeberry 51
Wild Red 52
River Bulrush 22
Clematis 41
Rattlesnake Fern 4
Bobbin's Squaw-weed 91
Cliff Brake 3
Grass 13
Robinia 55
Flowering Rasp-
Plantain 28
Robin's Plantain 88
berry 52
Rattlesnake-root 90
Rock Brake 2
Milkwort 57
Rattlesnake-weed 90
Cress 44
Oat 13
Recurved Blackberry 52 Elm 34 |
Raspberry 52
Red Ash 72
Maple 59
Rock Cress 44
Baneberry 40
Sandwort 38
Thorn Apple 78
Bearberry 69
Selaginella 6
Trillium 26
Campion 39
Shadbush 49
Willow 30
Cedar 6
Rocket, Yellow 45
Purple-leaved Willow-
Chokeberry 51
Rockrose 62
herb 65
Clover 55
Family 62
Purple-stemmed As-
Dewberry 52
Roman Wormwood 85
ter 87
Elm 34
Rosa 52
Purslane 40
Fescue 12
Rosaceae 49
Common 40
Maple 59
Rose 52 !
Family 40
Oak 33
California 73
Milk 57
Pine 7
Cinnamon 52
Speedwell 80
Spruce 7
Family 49
Water 65
Top 10
Mallow 61
Pusley 40
Red-berried Elder 83
Pasture 52
Pussy's Toes 85
Red-osier Dogwood 68
Pogonia 29
Pussy Willow 30
Red-root 60
Prickly 52
Pycnanthemum 77
Smaller 60
Smooth 52
Pyrola 70
Red-seeded Dande-
Swamp 52
One-flowered 70
lion 92
Rosemary, Bog 68
Pyrus 51
Reed 15
Rosin-weed 91
Queen Anne's Lace 67
Bent Grass 11
Rough Avens 50
Queen of the Meadow I
3 Canary Grass 15
Bedstraw 81
Quercitron 33
Meadow Grass 13
Cinquefoil 51
Quercus 32
Rein Orchis 28
Foxtail Grass 16
Quick Grass 9
Rhamnaceae 60
Hawkweed 90
Quitch Grass 9
Rhamnus 60
Hedge Nettle 77
Rabbit-foot Clover 55
Rhododendron 70
Sunflower 89
Racemed Milkwort 57
Rhodora 70
Round-headed Anem-
Radicula 46
Rhus 58
one 41
Ragged Fringed Or-
Rib Grass 81
Round-leaved Cornel 68
chis 28
Ribbon Grass 15
Dogwood 68
i
INDEX
119
Orchis 28
Squaw-weed 91
Sundew 47
Violet 63
Wintergreen 70
Round-lobed Liver-
leaf 42
Rowan Tree 51
Royal Fern 4
Rubiaceae 81
Rubus 52
Rudbeckia 90
Sainfoin 54
St. John's-wort 61
Common 62
Family 61
Great 61
Marsh 62
Pale 61
Small-flowered 62
Spotted 62
Salicaceae 29
Salix 30
Salsola 37
Rue, Early Meadow 43 Saltwort 37
Family 56
Meadow 43
Spleenwort 2
Tall Meadow 43
Rum Cherry 51
Rumex 36
Sambucus 83
Sandalwood Family
Sand-bar Willow 30
Sandbur 11
Sand Cherry 51
Violet 62
Running Raspberry 52 Sandwort 38
Swamp Blackberry 52 Blunt-leaved 38
Rush 24
Beak 22
Bog 24
Brown Beak 22
Brownish-fruited 24
Chair-maker's 22
Club 22
Common Scouring 4
Common Wood 24
Family 24
Grass 16
Hairy Wood 24
Jointed 24
Knotted 24
Scouring 5
Sharp-fruited 24
Slender 24
Spike 21
Toad 24
White Beak 22
Wood 24
Russian Thistle 37
Rusty Woodsia 3
Rutabaga 45
Rutaceae 56
Rye 16
Grass 13
Nodding Wild 12
Slender Wild 12
Wild 12
Rynchospora 22
Sage, Flowering 76
Wood 78
Sagittaria 9
Rock 38
Thyme-leaved 38
Sanguinaria 43
Sanguisorba 53
Sanicle 67
Sanicula 67
Santalaceae 34
Sapindaceae 59
Saponaria 39
Sarracenia 47
Sarraceniaceae 47
Sarsaparilla, Bristly
Wild 66
Satureja 77
Savin 6
Savory 77
Summer 77
Saxifraga 48
Saxifragaceae 48
Saxifrage 48
Early 48
Family 48
Golden 48
Swamp 48
Scabious, Sweet 88
Scheuchzeria 9
Scirpus 22
Scoke, Common 37
Scorpion-grass 75
Scouring Rush 5
Common 4
Scrophularia 80
Schrophulariaceae 79
Scutellaria 77
Secale 16
Sedge 17
Family 17
Sedum 47
Selaginella 6
Rock 6
Selaginellaceae 6
Self-heal 77
Seneca Grass 13
Snakeroot 57
Senecio 91
Sensitive Fern 2
Service Bierry 49
Sessile-leaved Bell-
34 wort 26
Setaria 16
Shad Bush 49
Shagbark Hickory 31
Sharp-fruited Rush 24
Sharp-lobed Liver-
leaf 41
Sheep Laurel 69
Sorrel 36
Sheepberry 83
Sheep's Fescue 12
Shellbark Hickory 31
Shepherdia 64
Shepherd's Purse 45
Shield Fern 1
Water 40
Shin Leaf 70
Shining Club Moss 5
66 Cy perns 21
Willow 30
Shore Shad Bush 49
Horsetail 5
Short-stalked False
Pimpernel 79
Short-styled Snake-
root 67
Showy Lady's Slip-
per 27
Orchis 29
Tick Trefoil 53
Shrubby Bitter-sweet 58
Cinquefoil 51
Sicyos 84
Side-saddle Flower 47
Silene 39
Silkweed 73
Common 73
Silky Cornel 68
Dogwood 68
Willow 31
Silphium 91
120
INDEX
Silver Maple 59 Waler 35
Weed 50 Smilacina 26
Silver-leaved Poplar 29 Smilax 26
Silvery Cinquefoil 50 Smooth Alder
Spleenwort 2
Sinuate-leaved Even
ing Primrose 65
Sisymbrium 46
Sisyrinchium 27
Slum 68
Skullcap 77
Mad-dog 77
Marsh 77
Small 77
Skunk Cabbage 23
Sleepy Catchfly 39
Slender Gerardia 79
Ladies' Tresses 29
Mountain Rice 14
Muhlenbergia 14
Nettle 34
Rock Brake 2
Rush 24
Vetch 55
Wheat Grass 9
Wild Rye 12
Willow 30
Wood Reed Grass 11
Slippery Elm 34
Slough Grass 16
Small Bedstraw 82
Bitter Cress 45
Crab Grass 12
Cranberry 71
32
Rock Cress 44
Rose 52
Sumach 58
Yellow Violet 63
Smoother Sweet Cice-
ly 67
Snakehead 79
Snake-mouth 29
Speedwell 80
Common 80
Corn 80
Marsh 80
Purslane 80
Thyme-leaved
Spergula 39
Sphenopholis 16
Spice Bush 43
Spike Rush 21
Spikenard 66
False 26
80
Snakeroot, Black 41, 67 Spinulose Shield Fern 1
Clustered 67
Large-fruited 67
Seneca 57
Short-styled 67
White 88
Snowberry 83
Creeping 69
Garden 83
Soapberry Family 59
Soapwort 39
Solanaceae 78
Solanum 78
Solidago 91
Solomon's Seal 26
False 26
Small 26
Star-flowered 26
Three-leaved 26
Two-leaved 25
Sonchus 92
Sorbaria 53
Red Morning Glory 73Sorghastrum 16
Skullcap 77 Sorrel 36
Common Wood 56
Field 36
Garden 36
Lady's 56
Sheep 36
Wood 56
Yellow Wood 56
Sour Gum 68
Sour-top Blueberry 70
Sow Thistle 92
Sparganiaceae 7
Sparganium 7
Spartina 16
Spatter Dock 40
Spear Grass 15
Solomon's Seal 26
Sundrops 65
White Aster 87
Whorled Pogonia 29
Wood Orchis 28
Yellow Pond Lily 40
Smaller Enchanter's
Nightshade 64
Purple Fringed Or-
chis 28
Red-root 60
Yellow Lady's Slip-
per 27
Small-flowered Crow-
foot 42
Evening Primrose 65 Spearmint 76
Gerardia 79 Spearwort, Creeping 42Squirrel-tail Grass 13
St. John's-wort 62 Speckled Alder 31 Stachys 77
Smartweed, Common 35Specularia 84 Staff Tree 58
Spiny-leaved Sow
Thistle 92
Spiraea 53
Ash-leaved 53
Spiranthes 29
Spirodela 23
Spleenwort 2
Ebony 2
Maidenhair 2
Narrow-leaved 2
Rue 2
Silvery 2
Sporobolus 16
Spotted Cowbane 66
Dead Nettle 76
Medick 54
Mint 76
St. John's-wort 62
Touch-me-not 60
Spreading Dogbane 72
Spring Beauty 40
Broad-leaved 40
Spruce 6
Black 6
Bog 6
Cat 6
Red 7
White 6
Spurge 57
Cypress 57
Family 57
Flowering 57
Spurrey 39
Corn 39
Field 39
Squaw-weed 91
Robbin's 91
Round-leaved 91
Squirrel Corn 44
INDEX
121
Family 58
Staghorn Sumach 58
Staphylea 59
Staphyleaceae 59
Star Cucumber 84
Flower 72
Thistle 87
Star-flowered Solomon
Seal 2G
Starwort 39
Lesser 39
Water 57
Steeple Bush 53
Steironema 71
Stellaria 39
Stemless Lady's Slip-
per 27
Stickseed 74
European 74
Stick-tight 87
Stiff Aster 86
Club Moss 5
Gentian 72
Water Crowfoot 42
Stitchwort, Lesser 39
Long-leaved 39
Northern 39
Stone Clover 55
Stonecrop 47
Ditch 47
Mossy 47
Storksbill 56
Musk 56
Stout Ragged Golden-
rod 92
Stramonium 78
Strawberry 50
Barren 53
Blite 37
Tomato 78
Wild 50
Wood 50
Straw-colored Cy-
perus 21
Streptopus 26
Striped Maple 59
Strong-scented Era-
grostis 12
Succory 87
Sugar Maple 59
Sugarberry 33
Sumach 58
Dwarf 58
Poison 58
Smooth 58
Staghorn 58
Sunmier Grape 60
Savory 77
Sundew 47
Family 47
Long-leaved 47
Round-leaved 47
sSundrops, Small 65
Sunflower 89
Common 89
Pale-leaved Wood 89
Rough 89
Thin-leaved 89
Woodland 89
Swamp Beggar's-
ticks 87
Blueberry 70
Buttercup 43
Dewberry 52
Dock 36
Hickory 31
Loosestrife 64
Maple 59
Milkweed 73
Persicaria 35
Pink 70
Red Currant 48
Rose 52
Saxifrage 48
White Oak 32
Sweet Alyssum 46
Birch 32
Cicely 67
Clover 54
Fern 31
Flag 23
Gale 31
Gale Family 31
Scabious 88
Vernal Grass 10
White Violet 62
William 38
William Catchfly 39
Sweetbrier 52
Sweet-scented Bed-
straw 82
White Water Lily 40
Sycamore 49
Symphoricarpos 83
Symphytum 75
Symplocarpus 23
Syringa 72
Tacamahac 29
Taenidia 68
Tall Anemone 41
Blue Lettuce 90
Buttercup 42
Cinquefoil 51
Cone-flower 90
Crowfoot 42
Green Orchis 28
Hairy Agrimony 49
Hairy Golden-rod 92
Meadow Rue 43
Oat Grass 10
White Aster 86
White Lettuce 90
Wild Nettle 34
Wormwood 86
Taller Fescue 12
Tamarack 6
Tanacetum 92
Tansy 92
Common 92
Tape Grass 9
Taraxacum 92
Tare 55
Tartarian Honey-
suckle 83
Taxaceae 6
Taxus 6
Teaberry 69
Tea, Labrador 69
Mexican 36
New Jersey 60
Tear-thumb, Arrow-
leaved 36
Halberd-leaved 35
Tendril Creeper 60
Ternate Grape Fern 4
Teucrium 78
Thalictrum 43
Thimbleberry 52
Thimble-weed 90
Thin Grass 10
Thin-leaved Sun-
flower 89
Thistle, Bull 88
Canada 88
Common 88
Common Sow 92
Field Sow 92
Plumed 88
Plumeless 87
Russian 37
Sow 92
Spiny-leaved Sow 92
Star 87
Thlaspi 47
Thorn Apple 78
122
INDEX
White 49 Trillium 26
Thorny Amaranth 37 Nodding 26
Thoroiighwort 88 Painted 26
Three-leaved Solomon's Purple 26
Seal 26 White 26
Three-seeded Mercury 57Triosteum 83
Thuja 7
Thyme, Basil 77
Thymelaeaceae 64
Thyme-leaved Sand-
wort 38
Speedwell 80
Tiarella 48
Tick Trefoil 53
Tiger Lily 25
Tilia 61
Tiliaceae 61
Timothy 15
Tinker's Weed 83
Toad Rush 24
Toadflax 79
Bastard 34
Tobacco, Indian 84
Ladies' 85
Tomatillo 78
Tomato, Husk 78
Strawberry 78
Toothache Tree 56
Toothed Arrow-wood 83
Toothwort 45
Cut-leaved 45
Large 45
Two-leaved 45
Touch-me-not Family 60
Pale 60
Spotted 60
Tower Mustard 44
Tragopogon 92
Trailing Arbutus 69
Traveler's Joy 41
Treacle Mustard 46
Tree Club Moss 5
Cranberry 83
Nettle 33
Plane 49
Rowan 51
Staff 58
Toothache 56
Trefoil 55
Showy Tick 53
Tick 53
Trembling Poplar 30
Trichostema 78
Trientalis 72
Trifolium 55
Triple-awned Grass 10
Trisetum 16
Triticum 16
True Forget-me-not 75
Trumpet Weed 88
Tsuga 7
Tuberous White Water
Lily 40
Tufted Loosestrife 71
Tumble Mustard 46
Weed 37
Tupelo 68
Turnip 45
Indian 23
Wild 23
Turtlehead 79
Tussilago 92
Twayblade 28, 29
Heart-leaved 29
Large 28
Twin-flower 82
Twisted Whitlow-
grass 46
Twisted-stalk 26
Two-leaved Miter-
wort 48
Pepper-root 45
Solomon's Seal 25
Toothwort 45
Typha 7
Typhaceae 7
Ulmus 34
Umbelliferae 66
Upright Bindweed 73
Goosefoot 37
Urtica 34
Urticaceae 33
Utricularia 80
Uvularia 26
Vaccinium 70
Valerian 84
Family 84
Valeriana 84
Valerianaceae 84
Vallisneria 9
Vanilla Grass 13
Velvet Leaf 61
glass 84
Veratrum 26
Verbascum 80
Verbena 75
Verbenaceae 75
Veronica 80
Vervain 75
Blue 75
Family 75
White 75
Vetch 55
Blue 55
Common 55
Milk 53
Slender 55
Vetchling 54
Cream-colored 54
Viburnum 83
Vicia 55
Vinca 73
Vine, Allegheny 44
Common Matri-
mony 78
Family 60
Love 73
Matrimony
Viola 62
Violaceae 62
Violet 62
Canada 62
Dog 62
Dog's-tooth
Downy Yellow 63
Early Yellow 63
Family 62
Lance-leaved 63
Long-spurred 63
Marsh Blue 62
Round-leaved 63
Sand 62
Smooth Yellow 63
Sweet White 62
White 63
Woolly Blue 63
Viper's Bugloss 74
Virginia Creeper 60'
Chain Fern 3
Virginian Cowslip 75
Virgin's Bower 41
Vitaceae 60
Vitis 60
Wake Robin 26
Waldsteinia 53
78
25
Velvet-leaf Blueberry 70Walking Leaf 2
Venus's Looking- Walnut 31
INDEX
123
Family 31
White 31
Wartweed 57
Water Arum 23
Avens 50
Beech 32
Cress 46
Hemlock &6
Hemp 37
Horehound 76
Lily 40
Lily Family 40
Marigold 87
Milfoil 65
Milfoil Family 65
Nymph 40
Oats 16
Parsnip 68
Pennywort 67
Pepper 35
Plantain 9
Plantain Family 9
Purslane 65
Rice 16
Shield 40
Smartweed 35
Star Grass 24
Starwort 57
Starwort Family 57
Willow 64
Waterleaf 74
Family 74
Water-weed 9
Wavy-leaved Aster 87
Waxwork 58
Weak Spear Grass 15
Weed, Bugle 75, 76
Carpet 38
Cut-leaved Bugle 76
Jamestown 78
Jimson 78
Joe Pye 88
Silver 50
Tinker's 83
Trumpet 88
Tumble 37
Wheat 16
Cow 79
W^hite Ash 72
Avens 50
Baneberry 40
Beak Rush 22
Bent Grass 10
Birch 32
Bog Orchis 28
Campion 38
Cedar 7
Clover 55
Daisy 87
Elm 34
Fringed Orchis 28
Golden-rod 91
Grass 13
Lettuce 90
Maple 59
Melilot 54
Mulberry 33
Oak 32
Pine 7
Poplar 29
Snakeroot 88
Spruce 6
Sweet Clover 54
Thorn 49
Trillium 26
Vervain 75
Violet 63
Walnut 31
Willow 30
Wood Aster 86
White-grained Moun-
tain Rice 14
White-heart Hickory
Whiteweed 87
Whitlow-grass 46
Twisted 46
Whorled Loosestrife
Mallow 61
Mint 76
Pogonia 29
Wicky 69
Wicopy 64
Wild Allspice 43
Balsam-apple 84
Bean 53
Bergamot 76
Black Cherry 51
Black Currant 48
Broom Corn 15
Calla 23
Carrot 67
Chamomile 90
Chess 11
Clematis 41
Coffee 83
Columbine 41
Comfrey 74
Cranesbill 56
Cucumber 84
Elder 66
Ginger 34
Iris 27
Leek 25
Lettuce 90
Lily of the Valley 25
Liquorice 82
Lupine 54
Madder 82
Mint 76
Morning Glory 73
Oat Grass 11
Orange-red Lily 25
Parsnip G7
Peppergrass 46
Plum 51
Raisin 83
Red Cherry 51
Red Raspberry 52
Rice 16
Rye 12
Sarsaparilla 66
Strawberry 50
Turnip 23
Yellow Lily 25
Willow 30
Beaked 30
Black 30
31 Bog 30
Crack 30
Family 29
Glaucous 30
71 Heart-leaved 30
Prairie 30
Purple 30
Pussy 30
Sand-bar 30
Shining 30
Silky 30
Slender 30
Water 64
White 30
Willow-herb 64
Great 65
Northern 64
Purple-leaved 65
Wind Flower 41
Winter Cress 44
Winterberry 58
Wintergreen 70
Aromatic 69
Bog 70
Chickweed 72
Flowering 57
Greenish-flowered 70
One-sided 70
124
INDEX
Round-leaved 70
Wire Grass 15
Witch Hobble 83
Witch-hazel 49
Family 49
Withe-rod 83
Wood Anemone 41
Betony 79
Chess 11
Fern 1
Grass 16
Horsetail 5
Lily 25
Nettle 33
Reed Grass 11
Rush 24
Sage 78
Sorrel 56
Sorrel Family 56
Strawberry 50
Woodbine 60
Woodland Agrimony
Sunflower 89
Woodsia 3
49
Blunt-lobed 3
Rusty 3
Woodwardia 3
Wool Grass 22
Woolly Blue Violet 03
Sweet Cicely 67
Worm-seed Mustard 46
Wormwood 86
Roman 85
Tall 86
Xanthium 93
Yarrow 85
Common 85
Yellow Adder's
Tongue 25
Avens 50
Bartonia 72
Birch 32
Clintonia 25
Clover 55
Cress 46
Daisy 90
Dock 36
Foxtail 16
Iris 27
Melilot 54
Myrtle 71
Nut Grass 21
Oak 33
Pimpernel 68
Pond Lily 40
Puccoon 42
Rocket 45
Sweet Clover 54
Water Crowfoot 42
Wood Sorrel 56
Yellow-barked Oak 33
Yew 6
American 6
Family 6
Zanthoxylum 56
Zea 16
Zig-zag Clover 55
Golden-rod 91
Zizania 16
Zizia es
i
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