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PRESENTED  TO  THE  NEV/ 


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FLOBA    OF    JAMAICA 

VOL.   V. 

DICOTYLEDONS 

FAMILIES   BUXACE^   TO   UilBELLIFER^E 


FLORA  OF  JAMAICA 

CONTAINING       DESCRIPTIONS       OF 

THE    FLOWERING    PLANTS   KNOWN 

FROM    THE    ISLAND 


BY 

WILLIAM    FAWCETT,    B.Sc.,    F.L.S. 

>  *  • 

FORMERLY  ASSISTANT,  DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY,  BRITISH  MUSEUM 

(NATURAL  HISTORY) 
LATE  DIRECTOR  OF  PUBLIC  GARDENS  AND  PLANTATIONS,  JAMAICA 

AND 

ALFRED  BARTON  RENDLE,  M.A.,D.Sc.,F.R.S.,P.L.S. 

KEEPER  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY,  BRITISH  MUSEUM 

(NATURAL  HISTORY) 


NEW  YORK 
BOTANICAL 

VOL.    V. 


DICOTYLEDONS 

FAMILIES    BUXACE/S   TO    UMBELLIFER/E 
WITH  156  TEXT  ILLUSTRATIONS 


LONDON : 

PRINTED    BY    ORDER    OF   THE   TRUSTEES    OF    THE. 

BRITISH    MUSEUM 

AND    SOLD    AT 
THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM  (NATURAL  HISTORY),  CROM\YELL  ROAD,  S.W.  7 

AND    BY 

B.  QUARITCH,  LTD.  ;   DULAU  &  Co.,  LTD.  ;   THE  OXFORD  UNIVERSITY 

PRESS;  AND  WHELDON  &  WESLEY,  LTD.,  LONDON;  ALSO  BY 

OLIVER  &  BOYD,  EDINBURGH 

1926 

(All  rights  reserved] 
Issued  2 4  July,  1926] 


V.S 

<*,  a 


fruited  in  Great  Britain 


PREFACE 

THE  present  volume  continues  the  systematic  account  of  the 
flowering  plants  of  Jamaica  to  the  end  of  the  free-petaled 
Dicotyledons.  The  description  of  the  Garryaceae  is  appended, 
with  a  reference  to  the  position  which  it  should  occupy  in  the 
light  of  more  recent  knowledge  of  its  floral  structure.  Volume  VI., 
in  course  of  preparation,  will  contain  the  account  of  the  sym- 
petalous families. 

As  in  the  'case  of  the  previous  volume,  the  printing  has  been 
spread  over  several  years. 

"We  are  again  indebted  for  the  loan  of  specimens  to  the 
Government  of  Jamaica,  and  to  various  institutions  and  indi- 
viduals, especially  to  the  Directors  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens, 
Kew  and  Edinburgh,  the  Bristol  Museum,  the  Naturhistoriska 
Riks-Museum  at  Stockholm,  and  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden. 
Special  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  Cecil  Norman,  who  made  a  short 
collecting  trip  to  Jamaica,  and  also  helped  in  the  elaboration 
of  the  families  Turneracese,  Combretacese,  Onagraceae,  Araliaceaj 
and  Umbelliferse. 

As  in  the  previous  volumes,  the  drawings  for  illustrations 
have  been  made  under  our  supervision  by  Mr.  Percy  Highley. 


A.  B.  RENDLE. 


DEPARTMENT  OP  BOTANY, 

BEITISH  MUSEUM  (NATURAL  HISTORY), 

CROMWELL,  KOAD,  LONDON,  S.W. 

July,  1926. 


WORKS   REFERRED   TO   IN   THE   TEXT 

(In  addition  to  those  already  enumerated  in  Yols.  III.  and  IV.) 

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others.     Cambridge,  Mass.     1878-97. 
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Brussels.     1819-21. 
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Annales  &c.     Madrid.     1872-1902. 
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Paris.     1859. 
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London.     1838-52. 
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Boundary   Survey.      John   Torrey   &    G.    Engelmanu.      Washington. 

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Breyn.     Cent.     Prim. — Exoticarum. .  .Plantarurn     centuria     prima     &c. 

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Britt.  Fl.  Berm.— Flora  of  Bermuda.     N.  L.  Britton.     New  York.     1918. 
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spaugh.     New  York.     1920. 
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Washington.     1919-23. 
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Vlll  FLOKA    OF    JAM  AI  <  A 

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1854^ 
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1768. 

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DC.  Mem.  Leg.  —  Memoires  sur  la  famille  des  Leguniineuses.      A.  P.  de 

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Diet.   Sc.   Nat.  —  Dictionuaire  des   Sciences  naturelles  &c.     Paris.     1804- 

1830. 
Don  Gen.  Syst.  —  A  General  System  of  Gardening  and  Botany  &c.     4  vols. 

George  Don.     London.     1831-38. 

Ehret    Plants—  Plants    et    Papiliones    &c.      G.    D.    Ehret.      [London.] 
1748(-49). 

Fedde     Rep.  —  Repertorium     Novarum.     Specierum     Regni     Vegetabilis. 

F.  Fedde.     Berlin.     1906^ 
Feuillee  Journ.  Obs.  —  Journal  des  Observations  &c.     L.  Feuillee.     Paris. 

1714-25. 
Fl.    des   Serres  —  Flore   des   Series   &   des   Jardins   de   1'Europe.     Ghent. 

1845-80. 

Gard.   &  For.  —  Garden   &    Forest.     Conducted   by    C.   S.   Sargent.     New 

York.     1888-97. 

Goett.  Abh.—  Abhandlungen  &c.     Gottingen.     1843-95. 
Gosse  Nat.  Soj.  Jam.  —  A  Naturalist's  Sojourn  in  Jamaica,  with  illustra- 

tions.    P.  H.  Gosse  &  R.  Hill.     London.     1851. 

Gron.  "Virg.  —  Flora  Yirginica  &c.     J.  F.  Gronovius.     Leyden      1739-43. 
Giirke  Monats.  Kakt.  —  Monatschrift  fiir  Kakteenkunde.    Berlin,  Neudamm. 

1891-1922. 

Hiern  Cat.  Welw.  Afr.  PI.  —  Catalogue  of  the  African  Plants  collected  by 

F.  \Vehvitsch.     W.  P.  Hiern.     London.     1896-1901. 
Hoffm.    Gen.    Umb.  —  Genera    Plantarurn    Umbelliferarum    &c.      G.    F. 

Hoffmann.     Moscow.     1814. 
Hook.    Bot.  Misc.  —  Botanical   Miscellany  &c.     W.   J.  Hooker.     London. 

1829-33. 
Hook.  f.  Fl.  Br.  Ind.  —  Flora  of  British  India.     J.  D.  Hooker  and  others. 

7  vols.     1875-97. 
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1781. 

Illustr.  Hort.  —  L'lllustration  Horticole.     Special  &c.     Editor,  C.  Lemaire. 
Ghent.     1854-69. 


WORKS   REFERRED    TO    IN   THE   TEXT  IX 

Jam.  Bull. — Bulletin  of  the  Botanical  Department,  Jamaica.     [Edited  by 

W.  Fawcett.]     Kingston,  Jamaica.     1887-1902. 
Journ.  As.  Soc.  Beng. — Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal.     Journal  &c.     Calcutta. 

1832-> 
Journ.  Hort.  Soc. — Journal  of  the  Eoyal  Horticultural  Society  of  London. 

London.     1846^ 
Journ.  N.  York  Bot.  Gard. — New  York  Botanical  Garden.     Journal  &c. 

Lancaster,  Pa.     1900^- 
Journ.   Soc.  Chern.  Ind. — Journal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry. 

London.     1882^ 

Karst.  Fl.  Columb. — Florae  Columbiee  . . .  Specimina  Selecta  &c.      2  vols. 

Carl  W.  G.  H.  Karsten.     Berlin.     1858-69. 
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1880-83. 
Koehler  Med.  Pflanz. — Kohlers  Medizinal-Pflanzen  &c.     F.  E.  Koehler. 

Gera-Utermhaus.     [1883-98.] 

Ledeb.    &   Alderstam.   Diss. — Dissertatio   botanica.      K.   F.    Ledebour   & 

J.  P.  Alderstam.     Greifswald.     1805. 
Linden  &  Planch.  Trois.  Voy.  Linden — Troisieme  Voyage  de  J.  Linden. . . 

Premiere  partie.     Botanique.     Plantse  Columbianse,  par  J.  Linden  et 

J.  E.  Planchon.     Tome  ler.     Brussels.     1863.     Ined. 
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Beroliiiensis.     2  Parts.     H.  F.  Link.     Berlin.     1821,  22. 
Link  &  Otto,  Ic.  PI.  Ear. — Icones  Plantarum  Eariorum  Horti  E.  Botanici 

Berolinensis  &c.     H.  F.  Link  &  F.  Otto.     Berlin.     1828[-31]. 
Link    &    Otto    PL    Select.    Hort.    Berol. — Icones   Plantarum    selectarum 

Horti   Eegii   Botanici    Berolinensis   &c.      H.   F.   Link    &    F.   Otto. 

Berlin.     1820-28. 

Lond.  Med.  Journ. — The  London  Medical  Journal.     1781-90. 
Loud.    Encycl.    PI. — Encyclopaedia    of   Plants.      Editor,   J.    C.   Loudon. 

London".     1829. 

Mag.  der  Gesellsch.  Naturforsch.  Freunde — Gesellschaft  Naturforschender 

Freunde.     Magazin  &c.     Berlin.     1807-18. 
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London.     1728. 

Medic.  Malv. — Malven-Familie.     F.  Kasimir  Medicus.     Mannheim.     1787. 
Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve — Societe  de  Physique  et  d'Histoire  Naturelle  de 

Geneve.     Memoires.     Geneva,  Paris,  &  Basle.     1821->- 
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Mem.    Wern.     Soc. — Wernerian    Natural     History     Society.       Memoirs. 

Edinburgh.     1811-38. 
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Muehlenberg.     Lancaster.     1813. 
Murr.    Syst.   Veg.— C.   a    Linne  . . .  Systema    Vegetabilium  . . .  ed.  13  ... 

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Nov.  Act.  Leop. -Carol.  Akad.  Naturf. — K.  Leopoldino-Carolinische  Deutsche 
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1866. 
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X  I'l.oKA    OF    JAMA  I-  'A 


EDnunL—Enumeratio  diagnostics  ('arteanim  <&<•.     L.G.  C.  I'f--i:' 
Berlin,     J-:i7. 

PfeittiT  A  <>n<>  Gact.  —  Abbililunij  uiul  lic^i-hrt.'ibun^  Muhender 
L.  G.  0.  Pfeiff<  c  &  0.  P.  Otto.     «  L843 

!;>•]'.  —  !;<  pertorio    lisico-uatural    do    la    l^la    de    C>.  I>irector, 

"!•'.  Poey,     -J  vols.     Havana.     L865  08. 
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<  anil.  ridge.     1904,  11)25. 
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in.    (M.)    Syn.    Pepon.  —  Familiarum    naturalium     regni    vegetabili.s 

synopses  monographicae  &e.     M.  J.  Roemer.     Weimar.     1846-47. 
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J.  J.  Roerner.     Zurich.     1809. 
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1814  (1813). 
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&c.     H.  Ruiz  Lopez  &  J.  Pa  von.     Madrid.     1793. 

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Munich.     1817-19. 
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Akademie     der     Wissenschaften,      Math.-phys.    Classe.          Munich. 


Skrivt.  Naturh.  Selsk.  Kjoeb.  —  Skrivter  Katurhistorie  Selskabet.     Copen- 

hagen.    1794. 
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York.     1913. 
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London.     1790[-9:iT. 
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grafia  del  genere  Gossypium.     Svo.     Atlas  of  12  pis.     fol.     A.  Todaro. 

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cultural Society  of  London).     Transactions.     London.     1812-48. 


WORKS    REFERRED    TO    IN    THE   TEXT 


XI 


Trim.  Fl.  Ceyl. — Flora  of  Ceylou.    H.  Trimen,  continued  by  J.  D.  Hooker. 

London.     1893-1900. 
Verb,  beford.  Gartenb. — Melocactus  &  Ecliinocactus  in  Yerbandl.  Verein. 

beford.  Gartenbaues.     K.  Preuss.  Stat.  Berlin.     Bd.  iii.     H.  F.  Link 

&  F.  Otto.     Berlin.     1827. 
Vesque  Epharm. — Epharmosis.     J.  Yesque.     Yincennes.     1889-92. 

Watt  Wild  &  Cult.  Cott.— Tbe  Wild  &  Cultivated  Cotton  Plants  of  tbe 
World ;  a  revision  of  tbe  genus  Gossypium,  &c.  G.  Watt.  London. 
1907. 

W.  Ind.  Bull. — West  Indian  Bulletin;  tbe  Journal  of  tbe  Imperial 
Department  of  Agriculture.  Barbados.  1899-1921. 

Zeitscbr.  f.  Naturw.  Halle— Zeitscbrift  fur  Naturwissenscbaften.  Berlin, 
Halle.  1882-89. 


NAMES   OF   COLLECTORS 

(In  addition  to  those  cited  in  previous  Volumes) 


DOWNES,  E.  (1920-). 
JOHNSON,  DUNCAN  S.  (1900-). 
KILLIP  (1920). 
LINDEN,  J.  J.  (1844). 
MAXON.  W.  (1904-). 


XORMAN,  C.  (1924). 
PERKINS,  Miss  J.  K.  (1916). 
RIDLEY,  H.  K  (1916). 
ROBINSON,  A.  (-1768). 
WATERS,  Rev.  J.  (1826-47). 


CORRECTIONS    AND    ADDITIONS 


p.  71.     Rhamniclium.    We  followed  Urban  in  av^iiim;  •  tli<-<- 
two    doulitful    PpecieSj    \\hidi   he    had     deserilied,    on    in<-<  mi)  i 
material.    to    the    genus    Rhamnidium.       .More    recently    (Si/mh. 
Ant.  ix.  22s,  I'JiM)  I'rban  removed  H.  jamaicense  to  a.  new  geini< 
Auerodendron.     The  two  genera  arc  distinguished  as  follows  :- 

Ovary  2-celled.  Endosperm  wanting.  Cotyledons 

very  convex  ...............................................  G.  Rhamnidium. 

Ovary  imperfectly  2-celled.  Endosperm  present. 

Cotyledons  flat  ..........................................  GA.  Auerodendron. 

6.\.  AUERODENDRON  Urb. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  with  the  younger  branches  glabrous  or 
puberulous.  Leaves  opposite  or  subopposite,  stalked,  pinnately 
nerved,  entire,  persistent.  Stipules  united  in  the  axil  of  the 
leaf.  Inflorescences  axillary.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  parts  in 
fives.  Calyx:  tube  hemispherical,  lobes  valvate,  triangular  to 
lanceolate-acuminate.  Petals  folded  together,  roundish  above 
with  eniarginate  apex,  below  broadly  clawed.  Disk  lining  the 
calyx-tube.  Stamens  inserted  under  the  bays  of  the  disk  ;  anthers 
ovoid  or  globose-ovoid,  opening  at  the  sides  inwards.  Ovary 
superior,  free,  globulose,  in  appearance  2-celled,  placenta  only  one 
developed,  prolonged  almost  to  the  opposite  wall  ;  ovules  erect, 
_  in  the  ovary  ;  style  subentire  at  the  apex.  Drupe  enclosed 
by  the  whole  persistent  calyx,  or  by  the  tube  only,  crowned  by 
the  style,  2-celled.  Seed  compressed  ;  coat  thin,  with  black  dots  ;. 
endosperm  adhering  to  the  coat,  moderately  fleshy.  Embryo 
flattened  ;  cotyledons  obovate,  flat,  cordate  at  base  ;  radicle 
very  short. 

Species  7,  natrves  of  Bahamas,  Cuba,  and  Jamaica. 

A.  jamaicense  Urb.  £////?/>.  Ant.  ix.  228  (1924).  Rhamnidium 
jamaicense  Url>.  Synth.  Ant.  v.  409  (1908). 


Page     4,  line  3  from  bottom,  for  Kottb.  read  L. 
,,     19,  heading,  for  Anacardiaceee  read  Cyrillaceffi. 
,,     24,  line  23,  after  Aug. ;   insert  Me  Nab  ! 
,,      ,,   lines  3  and  4  from  bottom,  for  3-5  read  2-5. 

,,     77,  after  line  19  insert  Viscum  ramulis  et  foliis  &c.  Sloans  Cat.  16S 

&  Hist.  i.  93,  t.  201. 


COEEECTIONS   AND   ADDITIONS  xill 

Page  77,  line  27,  after  90 !  insert  vi.  110  (in  part) ! 

,,  112,  ,,  33,  for  C.  ovata  rtwZ  S.  ovata. 

,,  163,  ,,  10,  for  venosa  read  pilosa. 

,,     ,,  ,,  14,  for  hirsuta  read  villosa. 

,,  177,  ,,  3.  for  MS.  ex  read  in  Linden  &  Planch. 

,,  181,  ,,  5  from  bottom,  for  Camellia  read  Thea. 

,,188,  ,,  23,  for  Hist,  read  Syst. 

,,  219,  ,,  10  from  bottom,  after  5726  insert  5729. 

,,  226,    ,,     14,  before  (Fig.  90)  insert  Ilex  nitida  Maxim,  forma  5  ovatl- 

folia  Locs.  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  Ixxxix.  285  (1908). 

,,     ,,  ,,  18,  before  below  insert  near  Morse's  Gap. 

,,     ,,  ,,  19,  before  10,034  insert  6737. 

,,  230,  ,,  10,  for  Bohadsehia  read  Bohadschia. 

„  233,  ,,  20, /orL.  read  P. 

,,  244,  ,,  2,  before  inflorescence  insert  male. 

,,325,  .,  3  from  bottom,  for  Lond.  read  Loud. 

„  327,  ,,  2,  after  Bot.  insert  ed.  3. 

,,  395,  ,,  21,  omit  il  Type  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn." 


NOTES 


MELASTOMA  SESSILIFOLIA  L. 

Melastoma  sessilifolia  L.  is  described  in  Systema  Naturse, 

ed.  10,  1022,  with  a  reference  to  Browne  Nat.  Hist.  Jamaica, 
t.  24,  /.  2.  Linnseus,  in  his  copy  of  Browne's  History,  has  written 
011  /.  24  "  M.  sessilifolia,"  but  he  has  also  given  the  same  name 
to  a  specimen  from  Browne  in  his  herbarium  of  Mel  amount 
impt'tlolaris  Sw.  (Mlconla  impetiolari*  D.  Don).  As  Browne's  plate 
includes  inflorescence  as  well  as  leaves,  and  the  specimen  has 
only  leaves,  it  appears  right  to  consider  the  plate  as  the  type  of 
J\I.  srysili folia  L.,  which  species  is  now  known  as  Henriettella 
sessilifolia  Triana.  The  words  "Type  from  Browne  in  Herb. 
Linn."  should  be  omitted  on  page  395,  line  21,  of  this  volume. 


XIV 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Flora  of  Jamaica,    Vol.   ii. 

References  to  this  volume  have  been  included  in  the  text, 
but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  volume  was  never 
published.  The  following  note  has  been  written  by  Mr.  William 
Carruthers  in  the  copy  in  the  Library  of  the  Botanical  Depart- 
ment, British  Museum  :  "  The  sheets  of  this  second  volume 
were  printed  in  Jamaica.  The  printing  was  stopped  because  of 
the  sudden  death  of  Dr.  Macfadyen.  Only  a  few  copies  exist. 
Dr.  Macfadyen's  son  informed  me  that  the  sheets  were  used  as 

J 

waste  paper  by  the  executor  of  his  father's  will." 

We  know  only  of  five  copies.  One  is  in  the  Museum,  two  are 
in  Jamaica,  and  one  is  stated  by  Mr.  Carruthers  to  be  in  the 
possession  of  the  Macfadyen  family.  These  are  apparently 
similar  and  include  pp.  1-216,  that  is  as  far  as  Portlandia  in 
the  beginning  of  Rubiacere.  The  copy  in  the  Ivew  Herbarium 
ends  at  p.  192.  A  transcription  of  one  of  the  copies  in  Jamaica 
was  made  for  the  Berlin  Herbarium.  Pritzel  saw  the  volume  in 
the  Kew  Herbarium.  We  note  that  the1  Index  Kewensis  includes 
new  species  described  by  Macfadyen  as  though  they  had  been 
published  (e.g.  PassiHora  recjalis  &  P.  cillosa). 

SWAKTZ,   Prodromus  Descript.  Vc<j.  &c. 

For  the  clo.-e  association  between  this  work  and  the  Banksiaii 
Herbarium  see  note  in  Journal  of  Botany,  Ixiv.  103  (1926). 


For  the  convenience  of  workers  a  comparative  scale  showing 
centimeters  and  inches  is  given  below. 


Ofc-viti  meters 


1 

] 

'. 

2 

3          1      4j         ,51 

6 

* 

a 

9              10 

i  !  ' 

) 

^ 

111      !  i 

!    !    i  ,      1  1  !  !  :  i  i    Q      I  !  : 

1  III 

III 

|l 

i 

I  III 

INI 

III      III    III!    !  II! 

1 

1 

I 

MM! 

iii      i      !      ;  ii 

1   i 

!    1 

1 

1 

!    i 

1 

11    J        Mill 

1 

2 

3 

4 

In  c  Vi  t  i 


LIBRARY 
NEW  YORK 
BOTANICAL 

GARDEN 


CONSPECTUS  OF  THE  FAMILIES  CONTAINED  IN 

THIS  VOLUME 

DICOTYLEDONS    (continued)       i 

Stems  with  open  bundles.  Leaves  net-veined.  Floral  parts 
generally  in  fours  or  fives,  sometimes  in  threes.  Embryo  with 
two  cotyledons. 

FAMILIES  BUXACE^E   TO    UMBELLIFEEM* 

(Unless  stated  otherwise  Flowers  are  regular,  2-sexual  ;  Petals  and 
Stamens  are  free  and  hypogynous  ;  Anthers  open  longi- 
tudinally ;  Ovary  is  superior ;  Leaves  are  simple,  entire, 
alternate.) 

Fam.  52.  Buxaeese  (Buxus).  Fls.  unisexual,  moncecious,  in 
racemes.  Perianth  of  4—6  imbricate  (overlapping)  sepals. 
Stamens  4,  free,  opposite  the  sepals.  Ovary  3-celled.  Capsule 
3-ltorned,  opening  loculicidally ;  valves  2-horned.  Shrubs  or  small 
trees.  Leaves  opposite,  without  stipules.  (Page  1.) 

Fam.  53.  Anaeardiaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual  or  polygamous  or 
unisexual,  in  panicles.  Calyx  4-5-lobed  (3  in  Comocladia),  or  of 
5  sepals  (Mosquitoxylum),  imbricate.  Petals  4-5  (3  in  Comocladia), 
imbricate,  subvalvate  in  Spondias.  Stamens  as  many  as  or  twice 
as  many  as  petals,  sometimes  only  one  or  a  few  fertile.  Ovary 
1-celled  (2-5-celled  in  Spondias).  Fruit  a  drupe,  a  capsule  in 
Mosquitoxylum,  a  nut  on  top  of  a  fleshy  fruit-like  stalk  in 
Anacardium.  Trees  or  shrubs  containing  resin.  Leaves  simple 
or  pinnately  compound,  without  stipules.  (Page  4.) 

Fam.    54.    Cyrillaeeae    (Cyrilla).      Fls.    in     long    spike-like 
'  -  """"••»•"">      Calyx    5-parted,   imbricate.      Petals,   same    number  as 


sepals,  slightly  convolute.  Stamens  d,  hypogy nous.  Ovary  2-celled. 
Fruit  fleshy,  2-celled,  2-valved.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  without 
stipules.  (Page  18.) 

-*  *  The  descriptions  of  the  Families  are  drawn  up  with  a  view  to  the 

'  determination    of   Jamaican   specimens,   and    therefore    are    not    always. 
>  generally  applicable.     Contractions  :  Fls.  =  Flowers ;  usu.  —  usually. 


XVI  FLOEA    OF   JAMAICA 

Fain.  •">.").  Aauifoliacese  (Ilex).  Fls.  in  cynics  ;  flower-parts 
in  fours,  fives,  or  sixes.  Calyx  and  petals  imbricate.  Stamens 
<«lli<'rin<j  t»  base  of  the  short  corolla-tiilx'.  Ovary  4-6(S)-celled. 
Fruit  drupaceous  with  4-8  pyrenes.  Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous. 
Leaves  with  minute  stipules.  (Page  19.) 

Fam.  56.  Celastracese.  Fls.  2-sexual,  polygamous  or  uni- 
sexual, in  cymes ;  flower-parts  in  fours  or  fives.  Calyx  with 
imbricate  lobes.  Petals  imbricate.  Stamens  4-5.  Ocary 
2~4(5)-cclled.  Fruit  a  capsule  or  drupe.  Shrubs  or  trees. 
Leaves  alternate  or  opposite ;  stipules,  when  present,  minute. 
(Page  24.) 

Fam.  57.  Hippoerateaeese  (Hippoeratea).  Fls.  in  panicles. 
Calyx  with  5  imbricate  segments.  Petals  6,  imbricate,  some- 
times valvate.  Stamens  generally  3,  inserted  icithin  a  disk. 
Ocary  3-celled,  with  3  protuberances  from  its  angles,  which 
continue  to  grow,  so  that  the  3  rips  carpels  are  united  at  the 
base  only.  Trees  or  climbing  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite ;  stipules 
small,  sometimes  wanting.  (Page  35.) 

Fam.  58.  Staphyleaeese  (Turpinia).  Fls.  in  panicles.  Calyx 
with  5  imbricate  lobes.  Petals  5,  imbricate.  Stamens  5,  inserted 
outside  a  disk.  Ovary  3-celled.  Fruit  not  opening ;  seeds  with  a 
thick  hard  coat.  Glabrous  trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite, 
pinnate,  with  stipules  and  stipellse.  (Page  37.) 

Fam.  59.  leacinacese  (Mappia).  Fls.  minute,  polygamous,  in 
paniculate  cymes;  parts  in  fives.  Calyx  toothed.  Petals 
valvate.  Stamens  inserted  alternately  with  the  petals  outside  the 
dish.  Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  a  drupe.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves 
without  stipules.  (Page  39.) 

Fam.  60.  Sapindaeese.  Fls.  polygamo-dicecious,  regular  or 
irregular,  in  racemes  or  panicles.  Sepals  4  or  5,  usually  imbricate. 
Petals  4  or  5,  sometimes  wanting  or  rudimentary,  often  with 
scales  on  the  inside,  imbricate.  Disk  complete  in  regular  fls., 
represented  by  2  or  4  glands  in  the  irregular  fls.,  wanting  or 
inconspicuous  in  Dodon&a.  Stamens,  usu.  8,  hypogynous,  inserted 
icitJii/t  tin-  <H*h,  sometimes  unilateral.  Ovary  3-celled  (2-3-celled  in 
llelicocca,  2-celled  in  Allophylus).  Fruit  various.  Trees  or 
shrubs,  rarely  shrubby  herbs,  sometimes  climbing  by  tendrils. 
Leaves  pinnate,  or  twice  3-foliolate,  or  3-  or  1-foliolate.  (Page  40.) 

Fam.  61.  Rhamnaeese.  Fls.  in  cymes.  Calyx:  tube  per- 
sistent ;  lobes  4-5,  valvate,  falling  off.  Petals  4,  5,  or  wanting, 
inserted  at  the  calyx-throat,  hooded  or  infolded.  Stamens  4—5, 
inserted  with  the  petals,  opposite  to  them,  and  generally  enclosed  by 
them.  Disk  perigynous.  Ocary  3 (2-4)- celled.  Fruit  various. 
Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate  (opposite  in  Rhamnidium), 
penninerved  (3-nerved  in  Zizyphus) ;  stipules  small.  (Page  62.) 


CONSPECTUS    OF    FAMILIES  XY11 

Fam.  62.  Vitaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual  or  unisexual,  in  panicles 
opposite  the  haves.  Calyx  4-5-lobed.  Petals  4  or  5,  valvate, 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  opposite  to  them,  inserted 
outside  at  base  of  disk  or  between  its  lobes.  Ovary  usu.  2-celled. 
Fruit  a  berry.  Woody  vines  with  watery  sap,  with  swollen 
jointed  nodes,  and  tendrils.  Leaves  simple  or  3-foliolate,  with 
stipules.  (Page  73.) 

Fain.  63.  Tiliaeese.  Fls.  usu.  cymulose,  cymules  sometimes 
solitary,  few-flowered,  sometimes  in  corymbs  or  panicles.  Sepals 
5  (4-7),  free,  or  more  or  less  united,  usu.  valvate.  Petals  usu.  as 
many  as  sepals,  sometimes  wanting.  Stamens  indefinite,  usu.  on 
a  development  of  the  receptacle,  free.  Ovary  2-1 0-celled.  Fruit 
various.  Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs.  Leaves  usu.  stipulate. 
(Page  80.) 

Fam.  64.  Malvaceae.      Fls.  axillary,  solitary   or   in   racemes, 

«/  '  d 

clusters,  or  panicles.  Sepals  5  (3,  4),  more  or  less  united,  lobes 
usu.  valvate.  Petals  J,  HSU.  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  staminal 
roli; inn,  twisted  and  imbricate  in  bud.  Stamens  indefinite  or  5  or 
JO,  more  or  less  united ;  anthers  one-celled,  pollen  large,  spiny. 
Carpels  in  a  ichorl.  Ovary  with  2  or  more  cells.  Style  with  as 
many  branches  as  ovary-cells.  Ripe  carpels  sometimes  separating 
as  cocci,  sometimes  united  into  a  capsule.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees. 
Leaves  usu.  palmatinerved  ;  stipules  free.  (1'age  92.) 

Fam.  65.  Bombaeacese.  Fls.  axillary  or  subterminal,  solitary 
or  in  clusters  ;  peduncles  1 -flowered.  Calyx  closed  in  bud, 
bursting  irregularly  at  apex  or  sometimes  5-cleft,  persistent. 
Petals  5,  often  adherent  at  base  to  the  staminal  column. 
Stamens  generally  indefinite  and  united  into  one  or  several  bundles  ; 
pollen  not  spiny.  Ovary  5(l)-celled.  Capsule  splitting  ioculici- 
dally  by  5  valves.  Trees.  Leaves  digitate  or  simple  ;  stipules 
free.  (Page  149.) 

Fam.  66.  Stereuliaeese.  Fls.  usu.  2-sexual,  but  unisexual  in 
Sterculia  and  Cola,  axillary  or  sometimes  terminal,  solitary  or  in 
racemes  or  paniculate  cymes.  Calyx  valvate,  5-lobed  or  5-toothed 
(2-3-parted  in  Guazuma).  Petals  5,  twisted-imbricate  in  bud, 
wanting  in  Sterculia  and  Cola.  Stamens  usu.  more  or  less  united 

O 

into  a  tube  divided  above  into  5  tooth-like  staminodes,  alternating 
with  one  or  several  anthers;  in  Sterculia  the  tube  bears  15  (10) 
anthers  crowded  together  above;  sometimes  stamens  5,  opposite  tli>f 
petals,  united  at  the  base  or  higher  (Melochia,  Waltheria}.  Ovary 
2-5-celled,  or  of  a  single  carpel.  (Waltheria).  Fruit  various. 
Seeds  not  woolly.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  usu.  ivith  stellate 
hairs.  Leaves  usu.  simple,  sometimes  lobed,  usu.  stipulate. 
(Page  154.) 

v.  b 


XYlii  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 

Fam.  67.  Dilleniacese.  Fls.  2-sexual  or  polygamous ;  panicles 
terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils.  Sepals  5,  imbricate,  persistent. 
Petals  as  many  as  sepals,  imbricate.  Stamens  indefinite,  filaments 
thickened  at  apex.  Carpels  one  to  indefinite,  distinct.  Climbing 
shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  entire  or  obscurely  toothed.  (Page  171.) 

Fam.  68.  Oehnaeese.  Fls.  solitary  or  clustered  in  axils,  or 
in  terminal  or  axillary  panicles  or  racemes.  Sepals  5(4—10), 
free,  imbricate.  Petals  as  many  as  sepals,  free,  imbricate  or 
convolute.  Stamens  5  or  JO.  Ovary  ^—10-lobed,  or  entire  ami 
one-celled.  Fruit :  drupes  on  a  receptacle  (Ouratea)  or  a  capsule 
(Sauvagesia).  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  entire  or  ser- 
rulate, stipulate.  (Page  173.) 

Fam.  69.  Maregraviaeese  (Maregravia).  Racemes  contracted, 
umbel-like,  pendulous,  terminal.  Bracts  usu.  attached  to  pedicel 
and  transformed  into  nectar-bearing  organs.  Sepals  4-5,  imbricate. 
Petals  united  to  form  a  lid.  Stamens  12-40.  Ovary  incompletely 
4-12-celled.  Fruit  globose,  leathery,  not  opening  or  only  after 
some  time.  Shrubs,  climbing  by  means  of  rootlets.  Leaves  usu. 
without  stipules.  (Page  178.) 

Fam.  70.  Ternstrcemiaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual,  polygamous,  or 
unisexual,  one  or  few  in  leaf-axils.  Sepals  usu.  5  and  free, 
imbricate.  Petals  usu.  5,  hypogyiious,  free  or  united  at  base 
into  a  ring  or  sliort  tube,  imbricate.  Stamens  usu.  indefinite, 
hvpogvnous,  generally  united  at  base  and  adhering  to  petals,  falling 
off  icith  them.  Ovary  with  2-10,  or  indefinite  cells.  Fruit  not 
opening  or  capsular.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  usu.  simple, 
without  stipules.  (Page  181.) 

Fam.  71.  Guttiferse.  Fls.  dioecious,  polygamous,  or  2-sexual 
(in  Symrjhonia),  terminal  or  axillary,  sometimes  solitary  or 
clustered,  sometimes  in  few-flowered  cymes  or  in  panicles.  Sepals 
2-6,  imbricate  or  decussate.  Petals  2-8  or  wanting,  rarely 
indefinite,  contorted  or  sometimes  imbricate.  Male  fls.  :  Stamens 
numerous,  hypogynous ;  filaments  free,  or  united  only  at  base,  or 
forming  a  tube  (Symphonia).  Female  or  2-sexual  fls.  :  Staminodes 
or  stamens  often  definite,  or  fewer  in  number  than  stamens  of 
male  fl.  Ovary  with  3—10  cells,  or  2-celled  in  Mammea,  1-celled 
in  CalopJiyllum.  Fruit  berry-like  or  drupaceous,  or  sometimes 
opening  septicidally.  Trees  or  shrubs  with  resinous  sap.  Leaves 
opposite,  generally  decussate,  without  stipules.  (Page  190.) 

Fam.  72.  Hyperieaeese  (Ascyrum).  Fls.  usu.  terminal. 
Sepals  4,  imbricate.  Petals  4,  hypogynous,  imbricate.  Stamens 
indefinite,  hypogynous.  Ovary  1-celled.  Ovules  indefinite.  Shrubs 
or  herbs.  Leaves  opposite,  gland-dotted,  without  stipules. 
(Page  202.) 


CONSPECTUS    OF   FAMILIES  XIX 

Fam.  73.  Quiinacese  (Quiina).  Fls.  usu.  polygamous,  in 
short  axillary  or  terminal  panicles,  raceme-like  or  clustered. 
Sepals  4,  imbricate.  Petals  4,  hypogynous,  imbricate  or  twisted. 
Stamens  15-30,  free  or  united  at  base  and  w'dli  petals,  liypocjipious ; 
anthers  small,  globose.  Ovary  2— 3-celled ;  styles  2—3  ;  stigmas 
peltate;  ovules  2  in  each  cell.  Fruit  berry-like,  1-celled,  with 
1-4  seeds.  Seeds  with  reddish-brown  velvet//  hairs.  Trees  or  shrubs. 
Leaves  opposite,  with  narrow  stipules.  (Page  203.) 

Fam.  74.  Bixaeese  (Bixa).  Fls.  large,  in  a  terminal  panicle  ; 
pedicels  5-glandular.  Sepals  and  petals  5,  imbricate.  Stamens 
indefinite,  inserted  on  a  thick  receptacle;  anthers  horseshoe-shaped, 
opening  at  apex  by  2  short  chinks  becoming  at  length  a  single  pore. 
Ovary  1-celled  ;  placentas  2  on  ovary -walls  ;  ovules  indefinite. 
Capsule  2-valved,  spiny.  Seeds  covered  with  a  reddish-orange 
pulp.  Shrub  or  small  tree.  Leaves  ample,  palmately-nerved. 
(Page  205.) 

Fam.  75.  Canellaeese.  Fls.  in  axillary  or  terminal  cymes. 
Sepals  3,  imbricate,  persistent.  Petals  5.  Stamens  united,  tubular, 
typogynom  ;  anthers  outside  tube  in  a  close  ring.  Ovary  1-celled ; 
placentas  2-5,  on  ovary -walls,  with  2  or  more  ovules  ;  style  short, 
with  2-6  stigmas.  Fruit  a  berry.  Trees  with  aromatic  bark. 
Leaves  with  pellucid  dots,  without  stipules.  (Page  207.) 

[Fam.  Violaeese  (Viola).  Fh.  irregular,  1  or  2  together  in 
leaf-axils.  Sepals  5,  imbricate.  Petals  5,  unequal,  the  lower  petal 
larger  or  unlike  and  often  spurred,  imbricate  or  twisted.  Stamens  5, 
hypogynous  or  slightly  perigynous  ;  anthers  erect,  in  a  ring  round 
tie  ovary,  sessile  or  subsessile ;  connective  often  flattened  or  pro- 
longed beyond  the  cells  into  a  membranous  appendage.  Ovary 
1-celled;  placentas  3  on  ovary-walls,  each  with  indefinite  ovules. 
Fruit  a  capsule  with  3  valves.  Herbs.  (Page  210.)] 

Fam.  76.  Flaeourtiaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual  (in  Xylosma  dioecious). 
Sepals  or  calyx-lobes  imbricate  or  valvate.  Petals  wanting,  except 
in  Homalium.  Stamens  definite  or  indefinite.  Ovary  superior  or 
(in  Homalium)  more  or  less  half-inferior,  1-celled;  placentas  2-6 
<>n  ovary-walls ;  ovules  indefinite.  Fruit  fleshy,  berry-like,  at 
length  opening  by  valves,  or  a  capsule,  or  a  berry.  Trees  or 
shrubs.  Stipules  small  or  wanting.  (Page  211.) 

Fam.  77.  Turneraeese.  Fls.  axillary,  solitary  or  fewr,  some- 
times racemose ;  peduncles  free  or  united  with  the  petiole. 
Flower-parts  in  fives.  Sepals  imbricate,  soon  dropping  oft',  united 
below  into  a  tube  (receptacle).  Petals  perigynous,  twisted  in 
bud,  soon  dropping  off.  Stamens  inserted  at  middle  or  base  of 
calyx-tube.  Ovary  1 -celled.  Styles  simple  or  divided  ;  stigmas 
brush-like.  Camels  1-celled,  3-valved.  Herbs  or  shrubs.  Stipules 
small  or  wanting.  (Page  227.) 


XX  FLOIIA    OF    JAMAICA 

Fam.  78.  Passifloraeese  (Passiflora).  Fls.  axillary  :  flmver- 
parts  in  fives.  Calyx-tube  saucer-like  or  bell-shaped;  sepals  and 
petals  imbricate.  Corona  fixing  front  the  tin-oat  or  u-alls  of  the 
calyx-tube,  of  one  or  several  series,  cut  into  radiating  of  erect 
filaments  or  membranous.  Stamens  and  ovary  raised  above  the 
jii'tal*  l>i  an  elongation  of  the  axis.  Ovary  1-celled.  Styles  3,  or 
sometimes  a  simple  style  with  3  or  4  branches.  Fruit  more  or 
less  berry-like  or  sometimes  capsular  opening  by  3  valves  at 
apex.  Herbs  or  shrubs,  erect  or  climbing  by  axillary  tendrils. 
Leaves  entire  or  lobed  ;  petiole  usu.  glandular  ;  stipules  2.  Bract 
and  bracteoles  3,  small  and  distant  from  flower,  or  large,  leafy, 
close  to  flower.  (Page  231.) 

Fam.  79.  Carieacese  (Carica).  Fls.  unisexual  or  a  few 
2-sexual;  corolla  of  male  and  female  unlike.  Male  inflorescence 
paniculate.  Calyx  usu.  5-lobed.  Corolla  witli  a  long  slender  tube 
and  a  flat  limb.  Stamens  10.  Female  fls.  solitary  or  crowded 
in  a  few-flowered  panicle.  Calyx  as  in  male  fl.  Petals  5,  soon 
falling.  Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  a  berry.  Trees  or  shrubs,  with 
terminal  crown  of  leaves  u'ith  milky  juice.  Leaves  usu.  palmate  ; 
stipules  wanting.  (Page  243.) 

Fam.  80.  Loasaeese  (Mentzelia).  Fls.  terminal,  cymose. 
Calyx-lobes  5,  persistent.  Petals  5.  Stamens  indefinite.  Ocary 
inferior,  1-celled.  Fruit  a  capsule.  Herbs,  rough  irith  barbed  hairs. 
Stipules  wanting.  (Page  247.) 

Fam.  81.  Begoniaeese  (Begonia).  Fls.  monoecious,  not  sym- 
metrical, in  axillary  unisexual  or  2-sexual  cymes.  Male  fls.  : 
perianth-segments  free  ;  outer  usu.  2,  opposite,  valvate,  inner  2 
or  wanting.  Stamens  indefinite.  Female  fls.  :  perianth-seg- 
ments 2-5,  imbricate.  Ocary  inferior,  3-celled,  3-ivinged  or 
3-cornered.  Fruit  a  capsule,  3-cornered,  unequally  winged.  Herbs 
or  shrubs.  Leaves  stipulate.  (Page  24.9.) 

Fam.  82.  Cueurbitaeese.  Fls.  monoecious  or  dioecious,  solitary, 
racemose,  or  paniculate.  Sepals  5,  imbricate,  united  below  into 
a  tube.  Petals  5,  distinct  or  united.  Stamens  free  or  variously 
united,  usu.  3,  of  which  one  has  a  1-celled  anther,  the  others  ^-celled 
anthers.  Anthers  distinct  or  cohering  or  confluent,  cells  usu. 
flexuose.  Ovary  inferior,  usu.  3-celled,  placentas  usu.  meeting  in 
axis.  Fruit  usu.  fleshy  or  corky,  usu.  not  opening.  Herbs  or 
undershrubs,  annual  or  with  a  perennial  root,  rarely  shrubs, 
stems  climbing  or  prostrate.  Leaves  simple  or  palmate! y  lobed 
or  pedate,  usu.  cordate  and  membranous.  (Page  253.) 

Fam.  83.  Caetaeese.  Fls.  often  showy,  usu.  solitary,  axillary, 
terminal,  or  inserted  on  the  ribs  or  in  the  notches  of  the  stem. 
Sepals,  petals,  and  stamens  indefinite  in  number,  often  numerous 


CONSPECTUS    OF    FAMILIES  XXI 

and  in  many  series,  the  inner  sepals  gradually  passing  into  the 
outer  petals.  Ovary  inferior,  sometimes  sunk  in  the  stem, 
1 -celled  with  placentas  on  the  walls;  ovules  numerous.  Berry 
pulpy.  Herbs,  xhrub*,  or  trees,  usu.  succulent,  with  distinct  cushion- 
like,  spine-bearing  areas  ("areoles").  Stem  long,  branching,  or 
reduced  to  a  column  or  cone  or  globe.  Leaves  (when  present) 
minute,  scale-like,  soon  falling  (large  in  Pereskia)  ;  stipules 
wanting.  (Page  271.) 

Fam.  84.  Thymelseaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual  or  unisexual,  in  racemes, 
spikes,  or  heads.  Perianth-tube  (receptacle]  enclosing  the  superior 
ocary ;  perianth-lobes  4  or  5,  imbricate  in  bud.  Stamen*  as  many 
or  twice  as  many  as  the  lobes,  attached  above  the  middle  of  the 
tube  or  at  the  throat,  those  opposite  the  lobes  higher.  Ovary  1(2)- 
cellecl.  Fruit  not  opening.  Trees  or  shrubs,  with  net-like  inner 
bark.  (Page  286.) 

Fam.  85.  Lythraeese.  Fls.  iwjnlar  in  Cuphea,  usu.  solitary 
or  cymose,  rarely  paniculate.  Calyx  usu.  tubular  or  bell-shaped 
i<:ith  6-4  valvate  primary  teeth  or  lobes,  sometimes  with  as  many 
accessor ij  teeth  or  lobes.  Petals  as  many  as  the  primary  teeth  of 
calyx,  sometimes  wanting,  clawed,  imbricate.  Stamens  varying 
in  number,  2  smaller  in  Cuphea.  Ovary  2-6-celled,  sometimes 
becoming  1-cellecl.  Ovules  indefinite  ;  placentas  on  axis.  Capsule 
more  or  less  enclosed  by  the  persistent  calyx-tube,  with  2  or 
more  cells  or  1-cellecl,  with  many  seeds.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees. 
Leaves  usu.  decussate ;  stipules  minute  or  wanting.  (Page  290.) 

Fam.  86.  Lecythidaeese  (Grias).  Fls.  in  clusters  on  trunk  and 
branrhes.  Calyx  cup-like,  at  length  bursting  into  2-4  persistent 
lobes.  Petals  4-6,  imbricate,  springing  from  a  ring-like  disk 
round  the  top  of  the  ovary.  Stamens  numerous,  in  several  whorls, 
on  the  disk  above  the  pet  ah.  Ovary  inferior.  Trees.  Stipules 
wanting.  (Page  297.) 

Fam.  87.  Rhizophoraeese.  Fls.  axillary  in  2-  or  3 -forked 
cymes,  or  in  clusters,  or  solitary.  Calyx  4-5-lobed,  valvate,  per- 
sistent. Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals,  inserted  at  the  base  of  a 
disk,  embracing  stamens  in  Rhizophora,  fringed  above  in  Cassipourea. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the  disk.  Ovary  superior  or  more  or  less 
inferior,  2-4-celled.  Ovules  2  in  each  cell,  pendulous  from  the 
axis.  Fruit  leathery,  1— 5-celled.  with  one  seed  in  each  cell. 

\j    J 

Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous.     'Leaves  opposite,  stipulate.     (Page  299.) 

Fam.  88.  Combretaeese.  Fls.  2-sexual,  sometimes  polygamo- 
dicecious  or  unisexual,  in  spikes,  racemes,  or  heads,  rarely  panicu- 
late. Calyx  with  5  or  4  valvate  lobes.  Petals  wanting,  or  4—5, 
small.  Stamens  as  man)/  or  tu-ice  as  many  as  the  calyx-lobes,  u*u. 
inserted  on  the  calyx-tube  (receptacle}.  Ovary  inferior,  l-c<  lied. 


XX11  FLORA    OF    .lAMAH'A 

Ovules  2-3(-6}i  hanging  from  <ip<.r  i,f  nil.  Fruit  /rall/rr//  or 
driijx  //7v,  tiit'jh'il  <>,•  u-'tnjtil.  1  <•<//<  <1.  l-vrdrd,  usu.  not  opening. 
Trees  or  shrubs  often  climbing.  Leaves  alternate,  or  opposite  in 
Laguncularia  and  C«inbr<-tum,  without  stipules.  (Page  303.) 

Kam.  89.  Myrtacese.  Fls.  occasionally  subregular,  2-sexual 
or  polygamous,  in  axillary  or  subterminal  racemes  or  jia nicies, 
rarely  cymes.  Calyx  4-5-lobed,  sometimes  undivided  in  bud  and 
opening  irregularly  in  the  flower  or  falling  off  like  a  lid.  Petals 
4,  ")  (6)  or  fewer  or  wanting,  spreading  and  distinct,  or  converging 
and  more  or  less  united  to  form  a  cap.  Stamens  nnnicroiiK, 
tlixtinrt.  Ovury  more  or  less  inferior,  2-3-celled,  or  4-5(-7)-celled. 
Fruit  a  berry,  sometimes  drupaceous.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves 
opposite,  with  resinous  or  pellucid  dots ;  stipules  usu.  wanting. 
(Page  313.) 

Fam.  90.  Melastomacese.  Calyx  :  tube  free  or  partly  or 
wholly  adherent ;  limb  truncate,  lobed,  or  lid-like,  lobes  usu. 
imbricate.  Petals  as  many  as  the  calyx-lobes,  imbricate.  Stamens 
usu.  twice  as  many  as  petals  ;  anthers  bent  doicn  parallel  to  the 
filaments  in  tlie  bud  and  lying  in  niches  between  caly.c  and  ovanj, 
2-celled,  usu.  u-ith  a  pore  (rarely  '2  or  4)  at  apex,  connective  often 
with  appendages.  Ovary  with  2  or  more  cells ;  ovules  usu. 
indefinite.  Fruit  enclosed  l>y  calyx-tube,  capsular  or  berry-like, 
bursting  irregularly  or  opening  loculicidally.  Seeds  without 
endosperm,  usu.  minute.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  oppo- 
site, u:ith  3-9  Tierces  cur  ring  from  liase  to  apex  with  parallel 
transverse  veins  at  right  angles ;  stipules  wanting.  (Page  353.) 

Fam.  91.  Onagraeese.  Calyx  :  tube  prolonged  above  the  ovary, 
often  with  deeply  cleft  valvate  lobes.  Petals  usu.  2-4,  twisted  in 
bud.  Stamens  usu.  twice  as  many  as  petals;  anthers  opening 
towards  the  centre.  Ovary  inferior,  usu.  4-celled ;  ovules  usu. 
numerous  in  the  cells.  Fruit  a  capsule  or  berry.  Herbs,  rarely 
shrubs.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate  :  stipules  very  small  or 
wanting.  (Page  403.) 

Fam.  92.  Araliacese.  Fls.  2-sexual,  or  polygamous,  or  rarely 
dioecious.  Calyx  inconspicuous,  superior.  Petals  usu.  5  (3  or  more), 
usu.  valvate  u-ith  apex  thick,  bent  in.  Stamens  as  many  as  petals. 
Ovary  inferior,  with  one  or  more  cells.  Styles  as  many  as 
ovary-cells  ;  ovules  solitary  in  cell.  Fruit  fleshy  outside,  with 
one  or  more  distinct  pyrenes,  sometimes  berry-like.  Trees  or 
shrubs.  Leaves  simple  or  compound,  usu.  stipulate.  (Page  413.) 

Fam.  93.  Umbelliferse.  Fls.  regular  or  subirregular,  2-sexual, 
umbellate.  Sepals  free,  superior.  Petals  5,  equal  or  the  outer 
larger.  Stamens  5.  Ovary  inferior  2-celled.  Disk  on  ovary, 


CONSPECTUS    OF    FAMILIES  XX111 

distinct  from  petals  and  stamens,  2-lobed.  Styles  2.  Ovules  one 
in  each  cell,  pendulous.  Fruit  inferior,  dry,  disk  and  styles  usu. 
persistent,  ivith  ribs  alternating  with  essential  oil  canals,  separating 
septicidally  into  2  one-seeded  parts.  Seeds  adherent  to  the 
pericarp.  Herbs.  Leaves  compound  or  simple.  (Page  423.) 


Fam.  SA.  Garryaeese  (Garrya).  Fh.  without  petals,  unisexual, 
dioecious,  in  spikes,  within  decussate  united  bracts.  Male  fls. 
stalked.  Calyx  with  4  valvate  segments.  Stamens  4,  alternate 
to  calyx-segments.  Female  fls.  sessile  or  subsessile,  without 
calyx.  Ovary  1 -celled,  superior  ;  ovules  2  ;  styles  2,  persistent. 
Berry  ovoid.  Seeds  1  or  2.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite, 
without  stipules.  (Page  429.) 


KEY    TO    FAMILIES 


The  figures  before  the  names  refer  to  the  number  of  the  family,  those 

after  the  names  to  the  page.] 

A.  Perianth  wanting  or  of  a  single  series — the  calyx. 

Flowers  unisexual.*   Leaves  simple  or  unifoliolate. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Flowers  in  racemes 52.  Buxacec? 1 

Flowers  in  spikes  within  decussate   united 

bracts  SA.  Garryaccce  429 

Leaves  alternate. 

Sepals  free. 

Leaves  unequal-sided  81.  Bcfjoniacece 249 

Leaves  equal-sided. 

Flowrers  racemose  or  paniculate  60.   Sapindacecc  40 

Flowers  in  clusters  76.  Flacourtiacec? 211 

Sepals  continuous  with  calyx-tube. 

Flowers  in  loose  heads  or  spikes.     Sepals 

imbricate  (overlapping) 84.  ThymelceacecB 286 

Flowers  in  dense  heads  or  spikes.     Sepals 

valvate   88.  Combretacece  303 

Flowers  2-sexual.     Leaves  simple. 

Leaves  opposite. 

Ovary  2-celled.     Sepals  5  61.  Eliamnacccc 62 

Ovary  4-celled.     Sepals  4  91.  Onagracece 403 

Leaves  alternate. 

Sepals  valvate. 
Sepals  free. 

Ovary   3-cornered.      Fruit   a    3-winged 

capsule 60.  Sapindacece 40 

Ovary  not  3-cornered. 

Fruit  a  drupe 61.  Rhamnacea  62 

Fruit  globose,  dry 63.   Tiliacece   80 

Sepals  united  or  continuous  with  calyx- 
tube. 

Stamens  united 66.   Sterculiacccc 154 

Stamens  free. 
Ovary  superior. 

Fruit  a  drupe  61.  Rliamnacece 62 

Fruit  a  capsule. 

Flowers  solitary  63.   Tiliaccrt   80 

Flowers  in  racemes  or  panicles...  76.  Flacourtiacees 211 

Ovary  inferior  88.  Combretacees  303 


*  Polygamous   flowers    are   referred   to   both  unisexual   and   2-sexua 
flowers. 


KEY   TO    FAMILIES  XXV 

Sepals  imbricate. 
Sepals  free. 

Ovary   3-cornered.      Fruit   a    3-winged 

capsule  80.  Sapindacece, 40 

Ovary  rounded.     Fruit  a  berry 76.  Flacourtiacece 211 

Sepals  continuous  with  calyx-tube. 
Stamens  free. 

Flowers  with  a  corona 78.  PassiftoracecB 231 

Flowers  without  a  corona. 

Ovules     indefinite.         Fruit     with 

several  seeds  76.  Flacourtiacefs 211 

Ovules  solitary.     Fruit  one-seeded  .  84.  Thymelceacece 286 

Stamens  united 76.  Flacourtiacece 211 

B.  Perianth  of  a  double  series — calyx  and  petals. 

Flowers  unisexual. 
Leaves  simple. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Sepals  united  below. 

Sepals  imbricate.    Stamens  4-5.    Ovary 

superior  56.  Celastracecs,  24 

Sepals  valvate.     Stamens  8-10.     Ovary 

inferior  88.  Gombretacece  303 

Sepals  free. 

Stipules  wanting.     Seeds  not  hairy 71.  Guttiferce 190 

Stipules  2,  narrow.     Seeds  hairy 73.  Quiinacea 203 

Leaves  alternate. 
Sepals  imbricate. 

Leaves     entire,    crenate,     or     toothed. 

Ovary  superior. 
Stamens  definite. 

Inflorescence  terminal   53.  Anacardiacecs 4 

Inflorescence  axillary. 
Ovary  superior. 

Petals     united    at    base    with 

stamens  adhering 55.  Aquifoliacecc  19 

Petals  and  stamens  free  56.  Cclastracecs  24 

Ovary  inferior  82.  Cucurbitacecz 253 

Stamens  indefinite   70.   Ternstrcemiacece  ..181 

Leaves  lobed  or  angled.     Stamens  3  (5). 

Ovary  inferior  82.  Cucurbitacece 253 

Sepals  valvate,  or  minute,  or  wanting— the 

calyx  being  represented  by  a  rim. 
Leaves  entire,  crenate,  or  toothed. 
Inflorescence    axillary,   a   paniculate 

cyme  59.  Icacinacece 39 

Inflorescences  axillary  and  terminal, 

racemose  or  spicate  61.  Rhamnacece 62 

Inflorescences  opposite  leaves  62.  Vitaccai 73 

Inflorescences     axillary,    umbels     or 

heads 92.  Araliacece 413 

Leaves  lobed. 

Inflorescences  opposite  leaves  62.  Vitacece 73 

Inflorescences  axillary 79.  Caricacece   243 

V.  C 


XXVI 


FLOKA   OF    JAMAICA 


Leaves  compound. 
Leaves  alternate. 
pals  imbricate. 
Leaves  pinnate  with  odd  leaflet.     Fruit 

drupaceous  .................................  53.  Anacardiaccm  .........  4 

Leaves    biternate  or  3-foliolate  or  pin- 

nate.    Fruit  usually  capsular  .......  60.   Sapindacecc,  .........  40 

Sepals  valvate,  or  minute,  or  wanting  —  the 

calyx  being  represented  by  a  rim. 
Leaves  with  3  leaflets  ........................  62.   Yitacccc  ...............  73 

Leaves  with  6  or  more  leaflets. 

Petals  not  cohering  ........................  79.  Caricacctc  ..........  243 

Petals  cohering  ..............................  92.  Araliacete  ..........  413 

Leaves  subopposite  ..................................  60.  Sapindacece  .........  40 

Flowers  2-sexual. 
Leaves  simple. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Sepals  continuous  with  calyx-tube. 
Sepals  imbricate. 

Stamens  3  .................................... 

Stamens  4  .................................... 

Stamens  numerous  ........................ 

Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals  ...... 

Sepals  valvate  or  minute. 
Stamens  definite. 
Ovary  superior. 

Leaves  not  decussate. 
Nerves  of  leaves  pinnate  ......... 

Nerves  curved  from  base  to  apex 
Leaves  decussate  ..................... 

Ovary  inferior  or  half-inferior. 
Trees  or  shrubs. 

Ovary  wholly  inferior  ............ 

Ovary  half  inferior    ............... 

Herbs  ........  .  .......................... 

Stamens  indefinite. 

Leaves  without  glandular  dots  ...... 

Leaves  with  glandular  dots  .......... 

Sepals  free. 

Sepals  imbricate. 
Leaves  without  stipules.      Seeds  not 

hairy. 
Leaves  leathery  ........................... 

Leaves  not  leathery  ..................... 

Leaves  with  stipules.     Seeds  hairy  ... 
Sepals  valvate  .................................. 

Leaves  alternate. 


57. 
56. 
89. 
90. 


Hippocrateacece 35 

CelastracecB  24 

MyrtacecB 313 

MelastomacecB  .    ..353 


61. 
90. 

85. 


88. 
87. 
91. 

87. 
89. 


PJiamnacccs 62 

MelastomacecB 353 

Lythracece 290 


CombretacecB 303 

PJiizoplioracecB 299 

Onagracece  403 

RMzophoracecB  . . .  .299 
Hyrtacece 313 


71. 
72. 
73. 

87. 


Guttifcrce 190 

Hypericacea  202 

QuiinacecB  203 

Eli  izoplwracece  . .  .299 


Sepals  more  or  less  united  or  continuous 

with  calyx-tube. 
Sepals  imbricate. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles 53.  AnacardiacecB    4 

Flowers  in  axillary  spike-like  racemes. 

Racemes  in  clusters 54. 

Racemes  solitary 76. 

Flowers    in    axillary    and     terminal 

cymes 55.  AqiiifoHacece    19 


CyrillacecB    ... 
FlacourtiacecB 


18 

..211 


KEY   TO    FAMILIES 


XXV11 


Flowers  solitary,  axillary. 
Ovary  superior. 

Flowers  without  corona 77.  Turneracece    227 

Flowers  with  corona    78.  Passiflaracece 231 

Ovary  inferior   80.  Loasacece    247 

Sepals  valvate,  or  minute,  or  wanting — 
the  calyx  being  represented  by  a 
rim. 

Stamens  definite. 
Stamens  free. 

Inflorescence  axillary. 

Stamens  alternate  with  petals  59.  Icacinacece    39 

Stamens  opposite  to  petals 61.  Rliamnaccce 62 

Inflorescence  opposite  to  leaves...  62.   Vitacece 73 

Stamens  united  (sometimes  only  at 

base) 66.  Sterculiacece  154 

Stamens  indefinite. 
Stamens  free. 

Ovary  superior  63.   Tiliacecc,    80 

Ox-ary  inferior   86.  Lecythidacecs 297 

Stamens  united. 

Pollen  spiny  64.  Malvacece 92 

Pollen  not  spiny. 

Involucel  present 65.  Bombacacece 149 

Involucel  wanting    66.  Sterculiacece  154 

Sepals  free. 

Sepals  imbricate. 
Stamens  definite. 

Flowers  regular 68.  Ochnacece  173 

Flowers  irregular [Violacece] 210 

Stamens  indefinite. 
Stamens  free. 
Petals  free. 

Pedicels  not  glandular. 

Ovary  superior 67.  DilleniacecB   171 

Ovary  inferior  83.  Gactacece 271 

Pedicels  5-glandular  below  calyx  74.  Bixacece  205 

Petals  united  to  form  a  lid 69.  Marcgraviacece  ...178 

Stamens  united  at  base,  free  from 

petals 69.  Marcgraviacece  ...178 

Stamens,  outer  united  at  base,  ad- 
hering to  petals 70.  Ternstrcemiacece  ..181 

Stamens  :  filaments   united   into  a 

tube 75.  Canellacece 207 

Sepals  valvate. 

Petals  hooded 61.  Bhamnacece 62 

Petals  not  hooded    63.  Tiliacecc 80 

Leaves  compound. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Stamens  5 58.  Stapliyleacca; 37 

Stamens  8..,, 60,  Sapindacece  40 


XXV111  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 

Leaves  alternate. 

Inflorescence  not  umbellate  nor  in  heads. 
Inflorescence  axillary  or  terminal. 
Leaves  pinnate  with  an  odd  leaflet. 

Fruit  fleshy 53.  Anacardiacea 4 

Fruit  a  capsule CO.  Sapindacea 40 

Leaves  abruptly  pinnate,  or  3-foliolate  60.  Sapindacece 40 

Leaves  digitate G5.  Bvmbacacece 149 

Inflorescence  opposite  the  leaves 62.  Vitacece. 73 

Inflorescence  umbellate. 

Ovary  3-5-celled.     Fruit  fleshy  outside  92.  Araliacece  413 

Ovary  2-celled.     Fruit  dry,  breaking  up 

into  2  parts 93.  Umbelliferce  423 

Inflorescence  in  dense  heads 93.  Umbelliferce  423 

Leaves  wanting,  or  minute  and  soon  falling  83.  Cactacece 271 


DICOTYLEDONS 


FAMILY  LIT.     BUXACE^. 

TREES,  shrubs,  or  rarely  herbs.      Leaves  opposite  (in  Bitxus)  or 
alternate,  usually  entire,  leathery,  without   stipules.      Racemes 
or  spikes  axillary  or  sometimes  above  the  axils,  lax  or  dense. 
Flowers  unisexual,  monoecious,  rarely  dioecious,  without  petals,, 
solitary  in  the  axils  of  the  bracts,  terminal    often  female,   the 
rest  male.     Perianth  of  4-6  imbricate  sepals  or  wanting.     Male- 
flowers  :  Stamens  free,  opposite  to  the  sepals  or  indefinite.    Rudi- 
ment   of    ovary    present     or    absent.       Female    flowers :    Ovary 
3-(2)-celled  ;  styles  undivided;  ovules  2  in  each  cell  (rarely  1), 
pendulous,    with    dorsal   raphe.      Fruit    a    capsule    loculicidallv 
dehiscent,    or    more    or    less    drupaceous,    usually    crowned    by 
2  or  3  persistent  styles.     Seeds  :    Endosperm  more  or  less  fleshy,, 
or  very  rarely  small  or  wanting. 

Species    nearly    60,    found     all    over    the   world    except    in. 
Australasia. 

BUXUS  L. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees,  much  branched,  glabrous.  Leaves; 
opposite,  subsessile,  usually  net-veined  with  the  arch  of  the  veins 
forming  a  continuous  marginal  nerve.  Flowers  monoecious. 
Bracts  often  numerous,  similar  to  the  perianth-segments  but 
smaller,  several  often  without  flowers.  Male  flowers  usually 
stalked  in  New  World  species.  Sepals  4,  in  two  series.  Stamens  4, 
opposite  the  sepals.  Rudiment  of  ovary  truncate  or  obtusely 
3-4-lobed.  Female  flowers  sessile.  Sepals  6,  in  two  series,  the 
outer  smaller.  Ovary  3 -celled ;  styles,  in  Jamaican  species, 
distant  from  one  another,  furrowed  on  the  stigmatic  portion, 
which  does  not  reach  to  the  base,  slightly  bent  outwards.  Cap- 
sule 3-horned  with  the  persistent  styles,  dehiscing  loculicidally, 
the  undivided  valves  2-horned  with  the  split  styles.  Seeds- 
v.  B 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Bnxus 


oblong,  3-cornered,  with  a  small  strophiole ;  endosperm  somewhat 
fleshy  ;  cotyledons  oblong,  scarcely  broader  than  the  radicle. 

Species  about  44,  of  which  6  are  natives  of  temperate  and 
mountainous  regions  of  the  northern  hemisphere  of  the  Old 
World,  3  or  4  from  tropical  Africa,  one  each  from  Madagascar 
and  South  Africa,  the  rest  West  Indian. 

Leaves  less  than  10  cm.  1. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  narrowly  elliptical,  usually  taper- 
ing to  both  ends,  often  subacuminate,  4-8'5  cm.  1. 

Filaments  broad    1.  B.lcevigata. 

Leaves  usually  broadest  above  the  middle,  generally 
mucronate,  l'5-5  cm.  1.     Filaments  linear. 

Venation  faintly  seen  on  upper  surface  only 2.  B.  bahamensis. 

Venation  evident  on  both  sides 3.  B.  Vahlii. 

Leaves  more  than  15  cm.  1 4.  B.  macropliylla. 

1.  B.  Isevigata  Sprencj.  Syst.  Hi.  847  (1826);  leaves  4-8-5  cm.  1., 
narrowly  elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or  elliptical,  tapering  to  both 
ends,  often  subacuminate ;  male  sepals  2-3  mm.  1.,  lanceolate  to 


Fig.  1. — Buxus  Icevigata  Spreng. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  x  |.  D,  Female  flower  x  7. 

B,  Inflorescence  X  2.  E,  Fruit  X  1$. 

C,  Male  flower  X  7. 

oblong  ;  filaments  flat,  broad. — Baill.  Monogr.  Bux.  66 ;  MuelL 
Arg.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xvi  pt.  1,  16.  B.  Purdiana  Baill.  op.  cit.  70 
(1859);  Muett.  Arg.  torn,  cit,  15;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  401. 
B.  pulchella  Baill .  op.  cit.  68  (1859).  Crantzia  Isevigata  Sw. 
Prodr.  38  (1788).  Tricera  kevigata  Sw.  Fl  Ind.  Occ.  333,  t.  7 


Buxus  BUXACE.E 

(1797)  ;  Juss.  Eupliorb.  Tent,  t  .  1,  3  B  :  Grisel.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  31. 
T.  fasciculata  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (Fig.  1.)  Specimen  from  Swartz 
named  by  himself  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Purdie's  specimen  in 
Herb.  Kew.,  named  by  Grisebach  T.  fasciculata. 

In  fl.  Mar.-Dec.  ;  in  fr.  Oct.-Dec.  ;  Mts.  of  the  west,  Swartz  \ 
Wright  !  on  the  coffee  ridge,  St.  Ann,  Purdie  !  Battersea  woods,  near 
Christiana.  3000  ft.  ;  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2500  ft.  ;  Tyre,  near  Troy, 
2000  ft.  ;  Harris  !  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  &  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam. 
8265,  8964,  9492,  10,755. 

Shrub  3-10  ft.  high.  Leaves,  venation  slightly  prominent  on  both 
sides,  but  not  so  evident  beneath,  papery.  Racemes  subsessile  or  peduncled. 
Bracts  1  mm.  1.,  ovate,  acute,  at  base  of  peduncle  or  a  little  above,  with 
sterile  bracts  below  the  peduncle.  Flowers  whitish  or  greenish-yellow. 
Male  floivers  :  Pedicels  2-4  rsm.  1.  Bracteoles  2-3  mm.  1.  Sepals  2-3  mm.  1., 
lanceolate  to  oblong.  Stamens  longer  than  the  sepals  ;  filaments  flat, 
broad,  2-2'  5  mm.  1.,  to  1  mm.  br.  ;  anthers  about  1*5  mm.  1.  Rudiment 
of  ovary  very  small  or  wanting.  Female  floivers  :  Sepals  like  those  of 
male.  Styles  with  stigmas  longer  than  ovary,  even  to  twice  as  long. 
Capsule  about  5  mm.  1.,  about  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  capsule. 

The  wood  is  very  hard,  yellow. 

2.  B.  bahamensis  Baker  in  Hook.  Ic.  PL  t.  1806  (1889)  ;  leaves 
l'5-3  cm.  1.,  oblanceolate  to  narrowly  elliptical,  apex  usually 
acute,  sometimes  obtuse,  mucronulate  ;  veins  faintly  seen  on 
upper  surface  only;  filaments  much  narrower  than  the  anther.  - 
Tricera  bahamensis  Britton  in  Bull.  N.T.  Bot.  Gard.  iv.  139 
(1906)  and  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xlii.  501  ;  Britt.  &  Milhp.  Bali. 
Fl.  243. 

In  fl.  July  ;  Long  Mt.,  south  side,  300  ft.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  9607.- 
Bahamas,  Cuba. 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  4-15  ft.  high.  Leaves  rigid,  leathery.  Bracteoles 
1-2  mm.  1.,  ovate  with  an  acute  brownish  apex.  Floiccrs  greenish-white. 
Hale  flowers  :  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  1.  Sepals  1-5-2  mm.  1.  Stamens  longer 
than  the  sepals.  Female  flowers  sessile.  Sepals  1*2  mm.  1.,  oblong-ovate. 
Styles  about  as  long  as  the  ovary.  Capsule  5  HIEG.  1. 


3.  B.  Vahlii  Baill.  Monoyr.  Bux.  67  (1859)  (excl.  syn. 
leaves    2—5    cm.   1.,    obovate    or    oblanceolate,  apex    rounded    to 
somewhat  obtuse,    mucronulate  ;   venation   net  -veined    011    both 
sides  ;   filaments  much  narrower  than  the  anther.  —  MuelL  Ar<j. 
torn.  cit.  16;   Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  iv.  358.     Tricera  Vahlii  Britton  in 
Brooklyn  Bot.  Gard.  Mem.  i.  19  (1918). 

Specimen  from  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Mus.  Paris  according  to  Mueller.— 
Porto  Rico,  S.  Cruz. 

Shrub  6-9  ft.  Leaves  leathery  ;  petioles  1-2  mm.  1.  Piacemes  axillary, 
sessile.  Bracts  almost  equalling  the  short  pedicels,  sterile  below  the 
flowers  usually  6.  Male  flowers:  Sepals  scarcely  2  mm.  1.,  oblong-ovate, 
acute,  greenish.  Stamens  longer  than  the  calyx.  Ovary  glabrous,  shorter 
than  the  styles.  Capsules  5-6  mm.  1. 

4.  B.  maerophylla  comb.  nov.  ;  leaves  15-27  cm.  1.,  5-8  cm.  br., 
lanceolate-elliptical  or  narrowly  elliptical,  acute  at  both  ends.- 

B  2 


OF    JAMAICA  ]  in. in  a 

Tricorn  macrophylla  Britttm  in  ]lnll.   Torr.  Jiot.  ('/.  xxxvii.  .'••"»  1 
(1910). 

In  fr.  Mar.;  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1500  ft.,  llnrn*  <(  Ilritton. 
ri.  Jam.  10,770.  Typo  in  New  York  Bot.  Card.  Herb,  and  in  Jam.  Herb. 

Sltrnb,   sparingly    branched    or    simple,    3-G    ft.    high ;    bark    rough. 

/res  very  large  for  the  genus,  venation  slightly  prominent  and  con- 
spicuous on  both  sides;  petiole  1  cm.  or  less.  Haa-tni-  (in  fruit)  slightly 
above  the  axils  ;  peduncle  -5  cm.  1.  tiracts  at  base  of  peduncle,  1-2  mm.  1., 
ovate.  Male  Jlovcrs  (persisting  at  base  of  capsule)  :  Pedicels  about  2  mm.  1., 
flustered.  Bractcolcs  about  2  mm.  1.,  lanceolate.  Capsule  7-8  mm.  1., 
brownish,  minutely  puberulous  ;  horns  much  shorter  than  capsule.  Seeds 
shining  black,  5  mm.  1. 


FAMILY  LIII.     ANACARDIACE^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  containing  resin.  Leaves  alternate,  simple, 
or  pinnate  with  an  odd  leaflet  (or  1-3-foliolate)  without  stipules, 
or  the  lowest  leaflets  stipule -like.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or 
polygamo-dioecious,  or  unisexual,  regular.  Calyx  divided  into 
o-5  segments  or  consisting  of  5  free  sepals.  Petals  3-5,  free. 
Disk  generally  ring-like.  Stamens  usually  twice  as  many  as  the 
petals,  sometimes  of  equal  number,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
disk.  Anthers  opening  towards  the  centre.  Ovary  in  the  female 
flower  1-celled,  in  Spondias  2-5-celled ;  styles  1— ~>.  Ovules 
solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous  or  broadly  attached  to  the  parti- 
tion of  the  cell  or  pendulous  from  a  stalk  which  rises  from  the 
base  of  the  cell.  Fruit  superior,  free  or  surrounded  either  by 
the  base  of  the  calyx  or  disk,  sometimes  at  the  top  of  a  fleshy 
body  formed  out  of  the  base  of  the  calyx  and  the  top  of  the 
flower-stalk,  1-5-celled,  usually  drupaceous,  indehiscent  or  the 
stone  of  Mangtfera  dehiscent.  Seeds :  endosperm,  wanting  or 
scanty ;  cotyledons  flat-convex,  fleshy. 

Species  500,  natives  of  the  tropics  and  subtropics,  rare  in 
temperate  regions. 

Ovary  1-celled. 

Leaves  simple. 

Nut  at  the  top  of  a  fruit-like  body 1.  Anacardium. 

[Fruit  a  drupe  Mangifera.'] 

Leaves  pinnate. 

Parts  of  flowers  usually  in  fives. 

Calyx  5-cleft 2.  Rhus. 

Calyx  of  free  sepals 3.  Mosquitoxylum. 

Parts  of  flowers  usually  in  threes  4.  Comocladia. 

Ovary  3-5-celled.     Leaves  pinnate 5.  Spondias. 

\.  ANACARDIUM  Rottb. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  simple,  entire.  Panicles  terminal. 
Flowers  polygamous.  Calyx  5-parted,  deciduous,  imbricate. 


Anacardium 


AXACABDIACE.E 


5 


Petals  5,  linear,  recurved,  imbricate.  Stamens  8-10,  unequal, 
all,  or  a  few,  fertile  ;  filaments  united  more  or  less  into  a  tube, 
but  only  at  the  base  in  A.  oeeidentale.  Ovary  free ;  style  thread- 
like, lateral,  with  the  apical  point  stigmatic ;  ovule  lateral, 
ascending.  ISTut  kidney-shaped,  at  the  top  of  a  very  large  pear- 
shaped  fleshy  fruit-like  body,  composed  of  the  enlarged  receptacle 
and  stalk,  indehiscent,  the  shell  with  a  middle  layer  of  numerous 
cavities  containing  an  acrid  oil.  Seed  kidney-shaped,  ascending ; 
cotyledons  curved,  flat-convex. 

Species  8,  natives  of  tropical  America,  chiefly  of  Brazil. 

A.  oeeidentale  L.  Sp.  PI  383  (1753)  ;  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer. 
124,  t.  181,  /.  35  &  Ed.  pict,  t,  121  ;  Wright  Mem.  186  ;  Descourt. 
Fl  Ant.  vii.  233,  /.  507;  Macf.  Jam.  219;  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W. 


Fig.  2. — Anacardium  oeeidentale  L. 

A,  Leaf  and  portion  of  infloresence  X  %.  D,  Pistil  cut  lengthwise  X  3. 

B,  Hermaphrodite  flower,   calyx   opened        E,  Nut  on  the  top  of  the  enlarged  recep- 

and  4  petals  removed  x  2.  tacle  and  stalk  cut  lengthwise  X  §  ; 

C,  Male  flower  with  1  sepal  and  2  petals  p,  ptricarp  with  layer  of  oil-contain- 

lemoved'  x  2.  ing  cavities  ;  c,  cotyledon  ;  r,  radicle. 

(E  after  Engler.) 

Ind.  176  ;  Baill.  Hist.  v.  274,  275,  /.  321-324  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Brit. 
Ind.  ii.  20 ;  Engl.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  409  &  in  DC.  Monogr.  iv. 
219,  t.  4  ;  Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  viii.  75;  Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  359.  Anacardi  sp.  Rheede  Hort.  Mai.  in.  t.  54. 
Cassuvium  Humph.  Amboin.  i.  177,  t.  69.  Pom  if  era  seu  potiusitc. 
Sloane  Cat.  187  &,  Hist.  ii.  136.  Anacardium  L.  Fl.  Zeyl.  73. 


<i  FLORA    OF    JAMAICA  An«t'<ir,Hnm 


Anacardinm  t'rurtu  A.-C.  Browne  Ilixt.  Jmn.  22G.  (\-is-u\ium 
poinitVnim  Lam.  Knnic.  /'.  L'L'  i  17s:});  Tnwir  Ff.  Ant.  Hi.  :.  I.  /.  L3. 
(Pig.  2.)  Type  in  Ilrrb.  Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  A 
spoi-iincn  ;iUi>  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Liniuous. 

Cashew  Tree. 

In  fl.  after  the  rains  in  summer;  Sloanc  Herb.  vii.  7G  !  3[cNab  !  Hitch- 
cock ;  Jlarrixl  Fl.  Jam.  7633,  8511,  11,899.  —  Indigenous  and  cultivated  in 
tropical  America  (incl.  W.  Indies),  cultivated  in  tropics  of  Old  World. 

Tree  to  40  ft.  high,  precocious  to  an  extraordinary  degree,  as  it  has 
been  known  to  blossom  and  bear  fruit  in  one  year  from  the  time  of  sowing. 
Leaves  1-1*5  dm.  1.,  obovate-elliptical,  apex  rounded  or  emarginate,  base 
wedge-shaped  or  rounded,  glabrous;  petiole  1-1-5  cm.  1.  Panicles  longer 
than  the  leaves,  1*5-2  -5  dm.  1.  Flowers  crowded  towards  the  ends  of  the 
panicle-branches,  pink  or  yellow  with  pink  stripes,  fragrant.  Calyx 
4-5  mm.  1.  Petals  7-13  mm.  1.  Filaments  :  one  much  longer  than  the 
rest,  8-11  mm.  1.,  the  rest  2-3  mm.  1.  ;  anthers  (all  with  pollen)  of  long 
filament  about  1  mm.  1.,  the  rest  barely  -5  mm.  1.  Ovary  in  male  flower 
rudimentary,  in  female  flower  nearly  2  mm.  long;  style  awl-sbaped, 
4-8  mm.  1.  Fruit-like  body,  "cashew-apple,"  crimson,  yellow,  or  white, 
6-10  cm.  1.  Nut  2  to  nearly  3-  5  cm.  1.  Seed  1-5  to  nearly  3  cm.  1.  The 
'•  apple  "  is  but  little  developed  until  the  nut  is  of  full  size,  then  it  com- 
pletes its  growth  in  a  few  days. 

The  milky  juice  of  the  tree  is  used  as  an  indelible  marking-ink.  The 
gum  exuding  from  old  trees  is  transparent,  and  not  inferior  to  gum  arabic  ; 
it  is  used  by  bookbinders,  as  it  is  obnoxious  to  insects.  A  decoction  of  the 
bark  is  used  as  an  astringent  remedy  for  diarrhoea.  The  timber  is  close- 
grained,  strong,  and  durable  ;  a  cub.  ft.  weighs  30  to  40  Ibs.  ;  it  is  used  for 
boat-building,  yokes,  hubs,  charcoal,  &c.  The  cashew  apple  is  edible, 
tasting  agreeably  rough,  sweet,  and  juicy,  and  forms  an  excellent  preserve. 
"It  is  considered  wholesome,  and  to  be  of  service  in  cases  where  the  tone 
of  the  stomach  is  impaired,  and  especially  in  the  disease  known  by  the 
name  of  dirt-eating"  (Macfadyen).  "SVine  can  be  made,  and  a  spirit 
distilled,  from  it.  The  kernels  of  the  roasted  nuts  are  considered  equal  to 
almonds  ;  they  yield  a  light  yellow  oil  equal  to  almond  oil.  The  oil 
(cardole)  in  the  shell  of  the  nut  is  thick,  black,  and  very  acrid,  efficacious 
for  preserving  bindings  of  books,  carved  wood,  &c.,  from  white  ants.  See 
Barham,  Hortus  Americanus  ;  Watt,  Diet.  Econ.  Products  of  India. 

[MANGIFERA  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  simple,  entire.  Panicles  terminal. 
Flowers  polygamo-dicecious.  Calyx  4-5-cleft,  imbricate.  Petals 
4-5,  imbricate.  Disk  :  5  fleshy  lobes,  alternate  with  the  petals. 
Stamens  1  or  4-5,  inserted  within  or  on  the  disk,  1,  rarely  more, 
fertile  and  much  larger  than  the  others.  Ovary  free,  1  -celled  ; 
style  lateral  ;  ovule  above  the  base  of  the  cell,  ascending.  Drupe 
ellipsoidal  or  somewhat  kidney-shaped,  fleshy  ;  endocarp  more  or 
less  fibrous  outside.  Seed  compressed  ;  cotyledons  often  lobed. 

Species  about  27,  natives  of  tropical  Asia. 

M.  indiea  L.  Sp.  PL  200  (1753;;  Jacq.  Ic.  PI  Ear.  t.  337; 
Tussac  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  57,  t.  15  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  i.  121,  t.  25; 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  221  ;  Bot.  Nan.  t.  4510;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind. 
176';  HooJc.f.  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  ii.  13;  Enrjl  in  DC.  llonogr.  Plian. 


Mangifera 


ANACARDIACE^E 


7 


iv.  198,  t.  4;  Watt,  Diet.  Econ.  Prod.  Ind.  &  Com.  Prod.  Ind.  ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  358.  M.  domestica  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  95, 
t.  100  (1791).  (Fig.  3.)  Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Mango. 

In  fl.  Jan.,  Feb. ;  in  fr.  from  end  of  May  to  middle  of  Aug.  ;  native  in 
India  ;  cultivated  and  spontaneous  in  the  tropics. 

Tree  30-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  l-2(-4)  dm.  1. ;  5-8  cm.  br. ;  oblong, 
tp.pering  at  both  ends,  or  lanceolate-elliptical.  Panicles  l'5-2(-3)  dm.  1. ; 
branches  and  flowers  puberulous.  Flowers  yellow,  very  fragrant  in  the 
early  morning,  male  and  hermaphrodite  on  the  same  panicle.  Sepals 


Fig.  3.— Mangifera  indica  L. 

A,  Small  leaf  and  portion  of  inflorescence        C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  J  ;  e,  endocarp  ; 

X  f .  /,  fimicle  ;  c,  cotyledon  ;  r,  radicle. 

B,  Hermaphrodite  flower  x  5;  d,  disk. 

about  2-5  mm.  1.  Petals  longer  than  the  sepals,  5,  with  3-5  ridges. 
Stamens  :  fertile  stamen  3-5  mm.  L,  sterile  stamens  4,  about  1  mm.  1. 
Drupe  '5-1-5  dm.  1. 

The  Mango  is  not  mentioned  by  Sloane,  Browne,  or  Swartz,  as  it  was 
only  introduced  into  Jamaica  in  1782.  Capt.  Marshall  of  H.M.  frigate 
"  Flora,"  one  of  Kodney's  squadron,  captured  a  French  frigate  bound  from 
Mauritius  to  the  French  West  Indies,  with  a  consignment  of  plants  and 
seeds  of  economic  value  for  naturalization.  The  plants  were  transferred 
from  the  "Flora"  to  the  botanical  garden  of  Mr.  Hinton  East.  The 
Mango,  of  an  excellent  variety,  had  the  number  11  attached  to  it.  Hence 
the  progeny  of  this  Mango,  with  fruit  of  the  quality  of  the  parent,  is 
known  as  the  No.  11  Mango.  The  Mango  has  spread  abundantly  in 
Jamaica  from  sea-level  up  to  3000  or  4000  ft.  To  a  stranger  ignorant  of 


FLORA    OF    .JAMAICA 


r« 


its  history  it  would  seem  to  form  an  important  and  prominent  part  of  the 
indigenous  flora.  The  fruit  has  varied  much,  and  the  different  kinds  have 
received  local  names.  The  No.  11  Mango  was  the  finest  in  quality  until 
the  Bombay  Mango  and  other  kinds  were  introduced  of  late  years.  The 
wild  trees  are  being  grafted  with  the  best  kinds.  See  Bull.  Bot.  Dcpt.  Jam. 
n.s.  viii.  161  (1901);  Bull.  Dcpt.  Agric.  i.  253,  2G2  (1903).] 

2.   RHUS  L. 

Trees   or   shrubs.     Leaves    pinnate   with  an  odd  leaflet   (in 
Jamaican  species),  1-3-foliolate,  or  simple.     Panicles  axillary  or 


Fig.  4. — Rhus  Metopium  L. 

A,  Panicle  of  male  Howers  with  leaf  x  i-          C,  Female  flower  ditto  X  4. 

B,  Male  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  4.  D,  Drupe  ditto  x  _. 

(After  Sargent.) 

terminal.  Flowers  small,  polygamous.  Calyx  5-(4-6)-cleft,  per- 
sistent ;  usually  imbricate.  Petals  5  (4—6),  imbricate.  Disk  ring- 
like.  Stamens  5  (4-6  or  10),  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  disk, 
free ;  anthers  without  pollen  in  the  female  flower.  Ovary  sub- 
globose  ;  styles  3,  united  or  free,  short  or  long,  stigmas  simple  or 
capitate — in  West  Indian  species  the  styles  are  united  into  one 
very  short  style  crowned  by  a  3-lobed  stigma ;  ovule  hanging  at 
end  of  a  long  stalk  arising  from  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Drupe 
small,  the  outer  covering  is  resinous  enclosing  a  stone. 


Rhus  AXACAEDIACE.E  9 

Species  about  120,  of  which  a  few  are  tropical,  the  rest 
natives  of  the  warmer  parts  of  regions  outside  the  tropics. 

R.  Metopium  L.  Sijst.  e<L  10,  96-4  (1759)  &  Amcen.  v.  395,  377  : 
LUH.  Hort.  Jam.  L  375;  Marf.  Jam.  i.  225;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W. 
In'L  175;  Sanj.  Site.  iti.  13  (in  part),  ft.  100,  101.  Terebinthus 
maxima  £c.  Sloane  Cat.  167  A:  Hist.  ii.  90,  t.  199, /.  3.  Metopium 
foliis  tfec.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  177,  t.  13,  /.  3.  Borbonia  fructu 
corallino  etc.  Plum.  PI.  Amer.  (Burm.)  51,  t.  81.  Terebinthus 
Brownii  Jacq.  Enum.  PL  Carib.  18  (1760).  Metopium  Linna?i 
Encjl.  in  DC.  Noncxjr.  iv.  367  (1883)  (in  part).  M.  Brownei  Url>. 
Stjnib.  Ant.  v.  -402  (1908).  (Fig.  4.)  Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Jamaica   Sumach,  Burn   Wood. 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  106  !  Browne  !  Wright !  Broughton  !  Macfadyen  \  near 
Savanna  la  Mar,  Purdic !  March !  Prior  \  Liguanea  plain,  Campbell ! 
Watson's  Hill,  Manchester,  800  ft. ;  Long  Mt.,  300  ft. ;  Great  Goat  Is. ; 
Lititz  Savanna,  3CO-900  ft. ;  Harris  !  FL  Jam.  5753,  6195,  6416,  9224,  9317, 
11,766;  Pigeon  Is.,  Maxon  &  Killip\ — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Yucatan. 

Tree  15-25  ft,  high.  Leaves  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  2-paired  with 
an  odd  leaflet ;  leaflets  roundish,  sometimes  somewhat  obovate,  rarely 
ovate,  apex  rounded  or  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate  with  obtuse 
acumen,  sometimes  emarginate,  base  roundish  or  somewhat  wedge-shaped, 
often  unequal,  papery  to  leathery,  4-9  cm.  1.  Panicles  about  as  long  as 
the  leaves  or  a  little  longer.  Calyx  I1 2-1 -5  mm.  L,  cup-shaped ;  lobes 
semicircular,  not  imbricate  in  flowering.  Petals  nearly  4  mm.  L,  elliptical, 
pale  yellow.  Drupe  ellipsoidal,  scarlet,  about  1  5  cm.  1. 

Sloan e  gives  the  name  Doctor  Tree  or  Boar  Tr  e  to  this  tree,  and 
Browne  calls  it  Hog  Gum  Tree,  but  Macfadyen  (Jam.  i.  139)  shows  that 
these  names  belong  to  Symphonia  globulifera  Linn.  f.  (Moronobea  coccinea). 

3.  MOSQUITOXYLUM  Kr.  &  Urb. 

Tree.  Leaves  pinnate  with  an  odd  leaflet ;  leaflets  entire. 
Flowers  small,  sessile,  spicate  on  branches  of  lateral  panicles, 
dioecious,  regular,  parts  in  fives,  each  with  a  bract  and  two  brac- 
teoles.  Sepals  5,  free,  imbricate,  persistent.  Petals  5,  equal, 
imbricate.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  margin  of  a  fleshy  disk, 
very  small  and  sterile  in  female  flower;  filaments  awl  shaped  ; 
anthers  attached  at  the  back,  opening  towards  the  centre.  Ovule 
attached  laterally  above  the  base  of  the  cell,  suspended  from  a 
stalk-like  appendage  ;  micropyle  sublateral.  Style  central,  short, 
3-cleft  at  the  apex,  lobes  bearing  stigmas  on  the  outside.  Capsule 
shortly  obliquely  oval,  compressed,  exocarp,  thin,  not  resinous, 
endocarp  thin,  bony,  opening  a  little.  Seed  not  seen. 

Species  1,  native  of  Jamaica  and  Panama. 

M.  jamaicense  Kr.  <0  Urb.  in  NotizU.  BerL  Bot.  fjunl.  i.  7* 
(1*95)  &  Symb.  Ant.  i.  344.  (Fig.  5.) 

Mosquito   Wood. 

In  fl.  Feb.;  in  fr.  Aug.-Feb. ;  Hanover,  J.P.  1287,  Morris  I  Chilton, 
Westmoreland,  Mcnnell\  Ipswich,  Palachel  Lapland,  near  Catadupa, 


10 


FL01IA    or   JAMAICA 


Mosquitoxylum 


1750-2000   ft.;    near  Darliston,   1500  ft.;    Jf.trrisl    Fl.   Jam.   0173,  1)185, 
9828.— Panama. 

Tree  30-50  ft.  high,  with  a  straight  smooth  trunk.  Leaves  1-5-2  dm.  1., 
5-8-paired ;  petiole  3-4  cm.  1. ;  leaflets  in  s  pairs,  5-13  cm.  1.,  oblong- 
elliptical,  broadest  above  the  middle,  apex  obtuse  or  very  shortly  and 
obtusely  acuminate,  base  very  unequal-sided,  tapering  into  the  short 


Fig.  5. — Mosquitoxylum  jamaiccnse  Kr.  &  Urb. 

A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  x  \.  C,  Fruit  with  part  of  exocarp  cut  away  to 

B,  Portion  of  inflorescence  with  flower-  show  the  endocarp  x  2. 

buds  x  3. 

petiolule.  Bracts  at  base  of  branches  of  panicle,  1-5-2  mm.  1.,  triangular  ; 
floral  bracts  and  bracteoles  similar,  smaller.  Flowers  white.  Sepals 
roundish-triangular,  outer  1-5  mm.  1.,  1-2  mm.  br.,  inner  smaller. 
Capsules  scarlet,  7-8  mm.  1. 

Timber  good  for  building  purposes,  but  not  so  good  for  posts  in  the 
ground. 

4.  COMOCLADIA  L. 

Trees,  small ;  trunk  slender,  usually  not  branching ;  with 
glutinous  sap  which  turns  blackish,  and  makes  an  indelible  stain. 
Leaves  crowded  at  top  of  trunk,  alternate,  pinnate  with  an  odd 
leaflet ;  leaflets  more  or  less  opposite,  entire  or  toothed,  reduced 


Comocladia  ANACARDIACE^E  1 1 

in  size  towards  base  of  leaf.  Panicles  axillary,  usually  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Flowers  minute,  crowded,  polygamous,  sessile 
or  subsessile ;  parts  of  flowers  (in  Jamaican  species)  in  threes,  rarely 
in  fours.  Calyx  3-cleft,  coloured  a  lighter  tint  than  the  petals, 
persistent,  imbricate.  Petals  imbricate,  red.  Disk  with  three 
broad  lobes.  Stamens  inserted  at  the  notches  of  the  disk,  free. 
Ovary  free,  1-celled,  with  3  stigmas;  ovule  at  the  end  of  a 
long  stalk  springing  from  the  base.  Drupe  oblong-ellipsoidal, 
fleshy.  Seed  oblong  ;  cotyledons  fleshy,  plano-convex. 

Maiden  Plum. 

Species  20,  of  which  two  are  natives  of  Mexico,  the  rest 
natives  of  the  West  Indies,  seven  being  found  only  in  Jamaica, 
one  in  Jamaica  and  Hispaniola. 

Leaflets  entire,  not  undulate,  nor  toothed. 
Plants  glabrous,  or  more  or  less  hairy. 

Leaflets  in  6-9  pairs,  upper  usually  more  than 

5  cm.  1. 
Leaves  to  6  or  7  dm.  1.,  glabrous  or  pubescent. 

Leaflets  with  truncate  or  rounded  base  1.  C.  pinnatifolia. 

Leaflets  with  cordate  or  subtruncate  base  ...  2.  C.  xnlosa. 
Leaves  to  3  dm.  1.,  glabrous.     Leaflets  with 

cordate  base   3.  C.  cordata. 

Leaflets   in   3-5   pairs,  upper  usually  less  than 

5  cm.  1 4.  C.  parvifoliola. 

Panicle,  twigs,  and  leaves  brown-velvety    5.  C.  velutina. 

Leaflets  toothed  or  undulate. 
Leaflets  with  large  coarse  teeth. 

Leaflets  in   8-10  pairs,   apex  acute   to  shortly 

acuminate  6.  C.  Hollickii. 

Leaflets  in  about  14  pairs,  apex  ending  in  a  long 

slender  acumen 7.  C.  grandidentata. 

Leaflets  with  small  shallow  teeth. 

Leaflets  in  10-11  pairs,  base  subequal 8.  C.  jamaicensis. 

Leaflets  in  6-8  pairs,  base  unequal  9.  C.  troyensis. 

§  1.   Leaflets  entire,  not  undulate,  nor  toothed. 

1.  C.  pinnatifolia  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  861  (1759)  &  Amcen.  v. 
375  ;  glabrous,  or  panicles  minutely  puberulous,  and  twigs, 
petiole,  and  rhachis  of  leaves,  also  midrib  and  nerves,  more  or 
less  covered  with  brownish  hairs,  or  glabrescent ;  leaves  2-6 
dm.  1.  ;  leaflets  in  6-11  pairs,  largest  5*5-13(-17)  cm.  1., 
2'5-5(-7)  cm.  br.,  base  truncate,  rounded,  or  subcordate,  equal 
or  sometimes  slightly  unequal.  —  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot. 
Cl.  xxxvii.  345  &  xli.  9.  C.  caudice  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  124. 
C.  integrifolia  Jacq.  Enum.  PL  Carib.  12  (1760)  «fc  Sel  Stirp. 
Amer.  12;  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  49;  Lam.  Encyc.  ii.  69  <fe  Illustr. 
t.  27, /.  1  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  26  ;  Mac/.  Jam.  i.  223  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W.  Ind,  175.  C.  pubescens  Engl.  Bot,  Jaltrb.  i.  420  (1881)  &  in 
DC.  Monogr.  iv.  362 ;  Britton  op.  cit.  xxxvii.  347.  Prunus 


12 


FLORA    OF    .JAMAICA 


Comocladia 


A:  ///>•/.  //.  l.'U,  <.  222,  /.  1 


racemosa  caudice  &c.  Sloane  Cat. 
.  Fig.  6.) 

In  fl.  Nov.  to  April;  near  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  71  ! 
Holnnsl  S)iuli*2>t'<irl  Massoul  Distill  I  Martin's  Hill,  Manchester,  Purdie  ! 
H'////.s'c///(/«\i/t7;  March  \  Moneague,  Prior!  Potsdam,  Britton,  12S1  !  near 
Troy,  2500  ft.  ;  wooded  hill  near  north-east  of  Dolphin  Head  ;  Leicester- 
field,  Clarendon,  1800  ft.;  Soho,  St.  Ann,  1400  ft.;  Harris  !  John  Crow 
(Blake)  Mts.,  1000  ft.  ;  near  Bull  Bay  ;  Harris  &  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam.  907'.), 
10,314,  10,710,  10,786,  10,839,  11,994.  Halberstadt.  Gossct  !—  Hispaniola. 

Tree  12-25  ft.  high,  sometimes  flowering  on  a  sucker  even  at  the 
height  of  two  feet.  Leaves:  intervals  between  leaflets  2*5-5  cm.  1.  ; 
petiole  and  rhachis  rounded;  leaflets,  lowest  1-5-3  cm.  1.,  1-2-2  cm.  br. 
ovate,  obtuse  ;  upper  ovate-oblong  or  oblong,  apex  acuminate,  acute,  or 
apiculate;  nerves  prominent  beneath.  Bracts  -8  mm.  1.,  triangular, 


D 


Fig.  6. — Comocladia  pinnatif olio,  L. 

A,  Male  flower  x  10.  C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  X  20. 

B,  Female  flower  x  10.  D,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise  X  1. 

tapering  to  apex ;  margin  with  a  few  hairs.  Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile, 
dark  crimson.  Calyx:  segments  -4-"7  mm.  1.,  -6-'7  mm.  br.  Petals 
ovate-elliptical  or  roundish-elliptical,  1-1-3  mm.  1.,  '9  mm.  br.  Drupe, 
slightly  incurved,  reddish,  oblong-ellipsoidal,  7-13  mm.  1. 

This  and  other  species  of  Comocladia  are  sometimes  used  for  growing 
fence-posts,  as  they  readily  take  root.  The  larger  trees  have  a  dark  red 
heart-wood,  and  are  used  by  the  peasantry  for  house-posts,  as  they  are 
very  durable  in  the  ground. 

•1.  C.  pilosa  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl  xxxvii  348  (1910) ; 
young  twigs,  leaves,  and  inflorescence  densely  pilose  pubescent, 
leaflets  pubescent  on  both  sides  including  the  veins,  rhachis  of 
inflorescence  densely  tomentellous ;  leaves  about  7  dm.  1.  ; 
leaflets  in  about  9  pairs,  largest  9-14  cm.  1.,  4-5  cm.  br. ;  base 
cordate  or  subtruncate. 


Comocladia  ANACARDIACE^  13 

In  fl.  Apr. ;  wooded  hill,  Union  Hill,  near  Moneague,  Britton  &  Hcllick, 
2762! 

Tree  about  20  ft.  high.  Leaflets,  lowest  pair  4-5  cm.  1.,  suborbicular, 
second  and  third  pairs  5-8  cm.  1.,  ovate-orbicular,  upper  oblong  or  ovate- 
oblong,  apex  obtuse,  acutish,  or  abruptly  short  acuminate.  Panicles 
2*5  dm.  1.  or  less.  Sepals  rounded,  with  a  few  scattered  hairs.  Petals  a 
little  longer  than  the  sepals,  rounded.  Filaments  twice  as  long  as  anthers. 
Drupe  not  known. 

A  leaflet,  and  small  portion  of  the  inflorescence  in  bud,  of  the  type 
have  been  received  from  Dr.  Britton.  The  species  is  evidently  closely 
allied  to  C.  pinnatifolia  L. 

3.  C.  eordata    Britton  in   Torre  i/a,  vii.   6  (1907)  ;    glabrous 
plants  ;  leaves  2-3  dm.  1.  ;  leaflets  in  6-7-pairs  ;  sessile,  largest 
about  10  era.  1.,  3'5  cm.  br.  ;  base  cordate,  equal. 

In  fl.  Sept. ;  rocky  wooded  hill,  Troy,  Britton,  640!  near  Troy,  2000  ft., 
near  Troy,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9410. 

Tree  40  ft.  high.  Leaves :  intervals  between  leaflets  about  4  cm.  ; 
petiole  roundish,  somewhat  flattened  on  the  upper  side ;  leaflets  ovate- 
oblong  to  oblong,  shortly  acuminate,  nerves  prominent  beneath,  nearly  at 
right  angles  with 'midrib.  Flowers  crimson.  Calyx  :  segments  '8  mm.  1., 
1"2  mm.  br.,  roundish.  Petals  broadly  ovate,  1*2  mm.  1.  and  br.  at  base. 
Drupe  not  seen. 

4.  C.  parvifoliola  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl  ccxxrii.  346 
(1910)  ;  glabrous  plant  ;  leaves  1-2  dm.  1.  ;  leaflets  in  3— 5-pairs ; 
upper  4-5'5(-7)  cm.  1.,  base  subcordate  or  rounded,  subequal. 

In  fl.  Mar. ;  woodlands,  Dolphin  Head,  Britton,  2473 ;  Dolphin  Head, 
1800  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,267. 

Tree  to  30ft.  high.  Leaves  :  intervals  between  leaflets  !•  6-1  '8cm.; 
petiole  angular,  more  or  less  2-edged  in  the  basal  node ;  leaflets  sessile  or 
subsessile,  lowest  pair  often  broadly  ovate,  2-3  cm.  1.,  upper,  oblong  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  apex  blunt,  often  very  shortly  acuminate,  sometimes 
somewhat  unequal-sided,  leathery ;  nerves  prominent  on  both  sides ; 
a  hollow  gland  in  axils  of  nerves  beneath,  showing  as  a  slight  swelling 
above.  Panicle  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  longer,  slender,  to  2  dm.  1.  Flowers 
crimson.  Calyx  :  segments  about  -5  mm.  1.  and  br.,  roundish.  Petals 
ovate-elliptical,  -8 -'9  mm.  1.  Drupe  not  seen. 

5.  C.   velutina  Britton    in   Torreya,  vii.    6    (1907);   panicle, 
with   young    twigs    and    leaves    rusty-brown    velvety ;    leaves 
1*5-3    dm.    1.;    leaflets    in    5-8-pairs,     largest     4-7*5    cm.    L, 
2 -5-3 '5  cm.  br.,  base  truncate  or  subcordate,  equal,  sometimes 
subequal. — C.   propinqua   Grisel.  Fl.   Br.    W.   Ind.    175    (1859) 
(non  Kuntl'i). 

In  fl.  Mar.,  Apr.,  Sept. ;  in  fr.  Mar.,  Apr.  ;  Bronghton  !  March  I  Great 
Goat  Is.,  150  ft.  ;  Healthshire  Hills ;  Great  Pedro  Bay ;  drv  rocky  hills, 
Fort  Henderson  ;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  9208,  9519,  9713,  10,153. 

Tree,  15-40  ft.,  branching  into  a  spreading  head  about  six  feet  from 
the  ground.  Leaves:  intervals  between  the  pairs  l*5--3  cm.;  leaflets 
elliptical  to  oblong-elliptical,  apex  rounded  or  obtuse ;  nerves  conspicuous 
beneath;  petiolules  1-2  mm.  1.  Flowers  dull  crimson,  pedicel  extremely 
short,  pubescent.  Calyx:  segments  roundish, '7- '8 mm.  in  diarn.  Petals 


14  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Comocladia 

roundish  to  broadly  ovate,  1-1*2  ram.  in  diam.     Drupe  ellipsoidal,  1  cm.  1., 
6-7  mm.  in  diarn. 

6.  C.   Hollickii  Jln'H,.,,    in  Bull   Torr.  Lot.    CL  xxxvii.   346 
(1910);  glabrous  plant;  leaves  3-4  dm.  1.,  leaflets  in  8-10-pairs, 
upper    6-10    cm.    1.,    margin    coarsely    toothed,    apex   acute    to 
shortly  acuminate. 

In  11.  Mar. ;  Rocky  hillside,  Bluefields  Mt.,  1650  ft.,  Britton  &  HoUirl:, 
2000  ;  wooded  hill,  Potsdam,  Britton,  1271 ! 

Low,  flowering  wThen  not  more  than  3  ft.  high,  to  10  ft.  high.  Leave*  : 
intervals  between  the  pairs  about  3-4  cm. ;  leaflets  :  lowest  3-5  cm.  1., 
ovate,  upper  ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong,  base  obtuse  or  subtruncate, 
usually  equal-sided,  papery;  nerves  prominent  beneath,  slightly  pro- 
rninulous  above;  petiolule  1*5-3  mm.  1.  Panicle  short,  about  8  cm.  1., 
sparingly  branched,  narrow.  Corolla  (in  bud)  *5  mm.  in  diam.,  purple. 
Sepals  and  petals  obtuse,  rounded.  Filaments  twice  as  long  as  the 
anthers. 

We  have  not  seen  the  inflorescence,  but  give  description  from 
Britton  loc.  cit. 

7.  C.  grandidentata  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  CL  xxxvii. 
346  (1910);  glabrous  plant;   leaves  about  8  dm.  1.  ;  leaflets  in 
about  14  pairs,  upper  7-15  cm.  1.,  margin  coarsely  and  irregularly 
toothed,   apex  acute  or   abruptly   acuminate,  ending  in  a  long- 
slender  acumen. 

Hopeton,  Westmoreland,  1350  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  9944. 

Tree  to  30  ft.  high,  slender.  Leaves  :  rhachis  and  petiole  striate, 
intervals  between  the  pairs  about  5  cm. ;  leaflets :  lowest  about  4  cm.  1. 
ovate,  upper  3-4  •  5  cm.  br.,  opposite  leaflets  sometimes  unequal,  oblong, 
obtuse  or  subtruncate  and  more  or  less  oblique  at  base,  petiole  3  mm.  1. 
Flowers  and.  fruit  not  known. 

8.  C.  jamaieensis  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  CL  xxxvii.  347 
(1910);  panicle  densely  and  minutely  puberulous ;  leaves  3-4 '5 
dm.    1.,    rhachis   pilose;    leaflets   in    10-11 -pairs,    more   or    less 
pubescent    on    the   midrib    beneath,   and    occasionally   sparingly 
pubescent    on    midrib    above    and   nerves    beneath,    7-8   cm.   1., 
margin   undulate  with    shallow  teeth,   base  equal   or   subequal, 
rounded  to  subtruncate. 

Dry  rocky  hill,  Green  Island,  200  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  10,250,  also 
Britton  &  Hollick,  2132. 

Tree  6  ft.  high.  Leaves :  pairs  not  always  quite  opposite,  intervals 
between  the  pairs  about  3  cm.;  leaflets:  lowest  2 -5-5  cm.  1.,  ovate  to 
ovate-lanceolate,  upper  about  2  cm.  br.,  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute 
to  acuminate;  nerves  prominent  on  both  sides;  petiolules  3-4  mm.  1., 
more  or  less  pubescent.  Panicle  about  3  dm.  1.,  branches  short  and 
slender.  Floicers  very  young  in  specimen.  Drupe  not  seen. 

9.  C.  troyensis  Fawc.  &  Rcndle  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  18  (1921) ; 
panicle  very  sparingly  puberulous ;  leaves  2-5  dm.  1.,  leaflets  in 
6-8-pairs,   petiole   and   rhachis   more   or   less  covered  with  long 
yellow  stiff'  hairs  ;   leaflets  more  or  less  hairy  on  both  sides  or 


Comodadia  AXACARDIACE.E  15 

glabrescent,   upper  5-10 '5  cm.  1.,  margin  undulate  with  small 
teeth,  or  almost  entire,  base  unequal-sided,  obtuse. 

In  fl.  Feb. ;  near  Troy,  2500  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9349.  Types  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Jam. 

Tree.  Leaves:  intervals  between  the  pairs,  3-6  cm.  1. ;  leaflets:  lowest 
about  2*5  cm.  1.,  ovate-elliptical,  upper  3-4-5  cm.  br.,  ovate-oblong  to 
oblong,  apex  acute  or  very  shortly  acuminate,  nerves  prominent ;  petiolule 
1-3  mm.  1.  Panicle  short,  simple.  Pedicels  about  1  mm.  1.  Flowers  dark 
crimson.  Calyx:  segments  roundish,  about  '6  mm.  1.,  '6-'7  mm.  br. 
Petals  broadly  ovate,  1-1 -1  mm.  1.  Drupe  not  seen. 

5.  SPONDIAS  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnate  with  an  odd  leaflet ;  leaflets 
opposite,  generally  long  acuminate.  Racemes  or  panicles  terminal 
or  axillary.  Flowers  small,  polygamous.  Calyx  small,  deciduous, 
4-5-lobed,  lobes  slightly  imbricate.  Petals  4-5,  subvalvate. 
Disk  cup-shaped,  crenate.  Stamens  8-10,  inserted  under  the 
disk.  Ovary  3-5-celled,  free ;  styles  3-5  ;  ovule  pendulous. 
Drupe  fleshy  ;  putameii  bony  or  woody  with  openings  near  the 
apex,  1-o-celled.  Seeds  pendulous  ;  embryo  straight ;  cotyledons 
elongated. 

Species  5,  natives  of  the  tropics,  often  cultivated. 

Leaflets  distinctly  unequal-sided  at  the  base. 

Leaflets  6-10  cm.  1. ;  panicle  usually  longer  than  leaves. 

Drupe  3-4  cm.  1 1.  S.  Monbin. 

Leaflets  2-4  cm.  1. ;  inflorescence  short.     Drupe  2*5- 

3  cm.  1 2.  S.purpurea. 

[Leaflets  nearly  equal-sided,  6-7  cm.  1.      Drupe  to   10 

cm.  1.  and  5  cm.  in  diam S.  cytherea.] 

1.  S.  Monbin  L.  Sp.  PL  371  (1753)  (errore  Mombin) ;  common 
petiole  subterete ;  leaflets  6-10(-13)  cm.  1.,  unequal-sided,  acu- 
minate, shortly  but  distinctly  petiolulate  ;  panicle  usually  longer 
than  the  leaves. — L.  Amoen.  v.  379  ;  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  138  ; 
Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  102;  Hiern  Cat.  Welw.  Afr.  PL  i.  175;  Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  359  ;  Britton  Fl.  Berm.  222.  S.  foliis  paucioribus 
&c.  and  S.  foliis  plurimis  die.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  229.  S.  Myro- 
balanus  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1036  (1759)  <fe  Herb. ;  Willd,  Sp.  PL  ii. 
751  ;  Wright  Mem.  272.  S.  lutea  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  613  (1762)  & 
Herb. ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  175  ;  Engl.  in  FL  Bras,  xii.pt.  2, 
374  &  DC.  Monogr.  iv.  244;  Guppy  Plants  dc.  W.  Indies,  111, 
S.  pseudomirobolanus  Tussac  FL  Ant.  iv.  97,  t.  33  (1827). 
S.  graveolens  Macf.  Jam.  i.  228  (1837) ;  Hart  in  Gard.  Chron.  n.s. 
.'•ii'i.  682  (1880).  Prunus  americana,  ossiculo  &c.  PluJc.  Phyt.  t. 
218,/.  3.  Myrobalanus  folio  &c.  Shane  Cat.  181  &  Hist.  ii.  125, 
t.  219, /.  1,  2.  Prunus  brasiliensis  &c.  Shane  Cat.  182  &  Hist, 
ii.  127.  Prunus  Americana,  Prunier  d'Amerique  Merian  Surin. 
13,  t.  13.  A  specimen  from  Plukenet  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcvii.  12^ 


16 


FLOKA    OF    .JAM  Air  A 


(figured    in    PI  iff.    /.'•.)!;     another    specimen    in     IIerl>.    Sl<>ane 

ixxxii.  ;;; : 

Hog  Plum. 

In  fl.  May  (Mar. -June) ;  in  fr.  July;  Sloanc  Herb.  vii.  05  !  Ilonslonn  \ 
WntjJit]  <S7/<//f.spw!  Me  Nab !  Wilson]  Worthy  Park,  Moneaguc,  J'rior] 
Mnri'li\  Hitchcock;  Hope,  700  ft.,  Harris]  Castleton,  Thompson]  Green 
Valley,  Cradirick  ! — Tropics. 

Tree  30-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-2-5  dm.  1.  Calyx  minute,  about 
•5  mm.  1. ;  segments  deltoid.  Petals  yellowish-white,  oblong,  with  the 
magins  folded  inwards,  about  3  mm.  1.  Filament*  very  slender,  thread- 
like. Style*  4.  Drupe  ovoid,  3-4  cm.  1.;  cndocarp  very  thick,  woody; 
fleshy  exocarp  yellow. 

The  branches  grow  readily  when  planted  in  the  ground,  and  are  much 
used  in  this  way  for  fence-posts,  as  well  as  for  shade  in  pastures.  The 
wood  is  light,  and  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  cork.  The  leaves  fall  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  and  the  flowers  appear  about  March.  The  fruit  is  ripe 
in  August,  and  is  not  liable  to  be  attacked  by  the  fruit  fly. 

2.  S.  purpurea  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  '2,  CIS  (1762)  ;  common  petiole 
angular  ;  leaflets  2-4  cm.  1.,  unequal-sided,  obovate  to  lanceolate, 
or  oblong-elliptical,  acute,  not  acuminate,  base  obliquely  wedge- 
shaped,  more  or  less  obscurely  serrulate  in  the  upper  part,  sub- 
sessile ;  raceme  or  panicle  short,  minutely  puberulous,  branches 


B 


A,  Male  flower  X  6. 

B.  Female  flower  X  6. 
C,'  Ovary  cut  across  x  9. 


Fig.  7. — Spondias  purpurea  L. 

D,  Endocarp  of  5.  mangifera  Willd., 

enlarged. 

E,  Cell    of    endocarp    of    ditto    with 

embryo,  enlarged. 
(After  Engler.) 


Spondias  AXACARDIACE.-E 

with  few  flowers. — Descourt.  FL  Ant.  v.  119,  t.  336;  Macf.  Jam. 
i.  227  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Incl  175  ;  Engl  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  2, 
373  (excl.  var.)  &  DC.  Monogr.  iv.  243  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  359  ; 
Britton  in  FL  Berm.  221.  S.  diffusa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  228. 
S.  Monbin  L.  Syst.  ecL  10,  1036  (1759);  Willd.  Sp.  PL  ii.  750 
(excl.  syn.  Pluk.) ;  Wright  Mem.  272.  S.  Myrobalanus  L.  Amcen. 
v.  279  (1760);  Jacq.  SeL  Stirp.  Amer.  139,  t.  88;  Gaertn.  Fruct. 
ii.  102,  t.  104.  Myrobalanus  minor  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  182  &  Hist, 
ii.  126,  t.  219,  /.  3,  4,  5.  Warrningia  pauciflora  EngL  in  FL 
Bras.  xii.  pt.  2,  281,  t.  57.  (Fig.  7.)  Owing  to  the  confusion 
between  the  two  names  S.  Monbin  and  S.  Myrobalanus  in  the 
Systema  and  the  Amcenitates,  where  their  meaning  is  transposed 
by  Linnseus,  we  have  not  thought  it  wise  to  restore  the  strictly 
earliest  name  of  the  species,  S.  Myrobalanus. 

Spanish  Plum. 

In  fl.  Apr.,  May  (Mar.);  in  fr.  July;  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  66!  Wright  \ 
Bertero  ;  March  !  Hitchcock  !  Harris  ! — West  Indies,  tropical  continental 
America. 

Tree  10-20  ft.' high.  Leaves  1'5  dm.  1.  Calyx:  segments  minute. 
Petals  oblong  with  the  point  folded  inwards,  about  3-4  mm.  1.,  bright  red 
or  purplish.  Styles  3,  often  4.  Drupe  obovoid,  2-5-3  cm.  1. ;  endocarp 
fibrous  outside,  bony  inside ;  fleshy  exocarp  yellow  or  purple. 

The  leaves  are  shed  in  January  or  February.  The  flowers  appear  in 
April  or  May.  As  the  fruit  forms,  the  young  leaves  appear.  The  reddish 
fruit  ripens  about  July.  It  has  a  thick  skin  and  is  therefore  not  liable  to 
the  attacks  of  the  fruit  fly.  The  branches  are  used  like  the  former  species, 
as  "grow  posts." 

Form  lutea.  Grows  at  higher  altitudes  and  flowers  much 
later.  Petals  about  6  mm.  ].,  of  a  rosy  tint.  Fruit  yellow,  with 
a  thinner  skin,  very  liable  to  be  infested  with  the  maggots  of 
the  fruit  fly,  probably  the  same  species  as  attacks  the  mango, 
Anastrepa  fraterculus  Wied.  S.  cirouella  Tussac  Fl.  Ant.  Hi.  37, 
t.  8  (1824).  S.  lutea  Macf.  Jam.  i.  226  (1837)  (excl.  syn.); 
Hart  in  Gard.  Chron.  n.s.  xiii.  682  (1880). 

[S.  eytherea  Sonner.  Voij.  Ind.  ii.  222,  t.  123  (1782);  common 
petiole  compressed  above;  leaflets  6— 7(— 9)  cm.  1.,  nearly  equal- 
sided,  acutely  acuminate,  shortly  but  distinctly  petiolulate, 
margin  distantly  serrate  or  only  indistinctly  crenate ;  panicle  as 
long  or  longer  than  the  leaf. — Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  101,  t.  103  ; 
Tussac  FL  Ant.  in.  95,  t.  28.  S.  dulcis  Font,  f.  Prodr.  34 
(1786),  PI.  Escul.  33  (1786),  &  Ic.  hied.  Cook's  Second  Voya</>; 
t.  144;  EngL  in  DC.  Monogr.  iv.  246;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  360; 
Hart  in  Gard.  Chron.  n.s.  xiii.  682  (1880).  S.  macrocarpa  Em/l. 
in  FL  Bras,  xii.pt.  2,  375,  t.  78  (1876). 

Otaheite   Plum. 

Moneague,  Prior  1  —  Cultivated  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropics  generally. 
Native  in  Oceania. 

Tree   15-20  ft.     Leaves   2-3   dm.  1.     Calyx :   segments   ovate.     Petals 
v.  c 


IS  FLORA    01-    JAM AK  A 

2-2-5  mm.  1.     Drnpr  to  10  cm.  1.,  5  cm.  in  diam.,  of  a  light  yellowish- 
green  colour. 

The  llowers  appear  just  before  the  young  foliage    begins  to  shoot  in 
March  or  April.      The  fruit  ripens  in  October  and  November;  it  h; 
subac-id  llavour  and  a  fine  aroma. 


FAMILY  LIY.    CYRILLACE^  Lindl. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  leathery,  entire,  persistent,  without 
stipules.  Flowers  small,  in  spike-like  axillary  racemes  (in 
( '///v7/a),  regular,  hermaphrodite.  Calyx  5-parted  (4—8),  imbricate, 
persistent.  Petals,  the  same  number  as  the  sepals,  free,  slightly 
convolute.  Stamens  5  (in  Cyrilla),  hypogynous.  Disk  saucer- 
shaped,  confluent  with  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Ovary  2(-3)- 
celled  (in  Cyrilla).  Ovules  solitary  in  the  cells,  or  (in  Oyrilla) 
3  (2-4)  attached  to  a  short  placenta  hanging  from  the  apex  of 
the  cell.  Fruit  (in  Cyrilla)  small,  2-cellecl,  pericarp  spongy,  cells 
1 -seeded.  Seed  with  fleshy  endosperm.  Embryo  central, 
elongated  ;  radicle  superior. 

Species  5,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  subtropical  United 
States,  and  tropical  S.  America. 

CYRILLA  L. 

Glabrous  plants.  Leaves  oblanceolate  to  oval.  Racemes 
clustered  at  the  end  of  twigs  of  the  preceding  season.  Petals 
white.  Disk  green.  Ovary  ovoid  ;  style  short,  thick  2(-3)-lobed. 

Species  1,  native  of  West  Indies,  subtropical  United  States, 
and  tropical  S.  America. 

C.  raeemiflora  L.  Mant.  i.  50  (1767);  Jacq.  Ic.  PL  Ear. 
f.  47  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2456  ;  Sarg.  Silva  ii.  3,  t.  51  ;  Britton  HI. 
FI.ii.3S9;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  361.  C.  antillana  Miclix.  FL 
Bor.-Amer.  i.  158  (1803);  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  145.  Itea 
Cyrilla  Sw.  Prodr.  50  (1788),  Obs.  Bot.  94,  t.  4,  /.  1  &  FL  Ind. 
Occ.  506.  (Fig.  8.)  Specimens  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by 
Linnaeus. 

Blood   Wood,   Beet   Wood. 

In  fl.  Mar. -July;  in  fr.  Aug. -Feb. ;  Wright !  Broughtonl  Massonl 
Swartz\  Bancroft^.  Macfadyenl  Port  Koyal  Mts.,  Purdiel  J.P.  890, 
Morris !  Prospect  Hill,  1500  ft.,  Thompson !  St.  George,  2200  ft. ;  near 
Troy,  2500  ft.;  near  Cinchona,  4500  ft.;  Harris]  Fl.  Jam.  7671,  7947, 
8725,  9117. — West  Indies,  Venezuela,  Honduras,  Guiana,  northern  Brazil, 
southern  United  States. 

Shrub  or  tree  to  80  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-12  cm.  1.,  very  variable  in  size 
and  form.  Racemes  longer  than  the  leaves,  to  15  cm.  1.  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  L 
Calyx  about  1  mm.  1.  Petals  about  2*5  mm.  1.  Fruit  2 -5-3  mm.  1. 

The  wood  is  hard,  heavy,  and  close-grained,  but  it  is  said  to  be  wanting 
in  strength  (Sargent). 


Cyrilla 


AXACAKDIACE.E 


19 


B 


Fig.  8. — Cyrilla  racemijlora  L. 

A,  Twig  with  leaves  and  flowers  X  3.  D,  Apex  of  ripening  ovary  x  9. 

B,  Diagram  of  flower.  E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  9. 
€,  Flower  with  a  petal  pressed  down  X  5.  (A,  B  after  Sargent.) 


FAMILY  LV.     AQUIFOLIACE^E    (ILICLNEJE). 

Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous.  Leaves  alternate,  simple,  leathery ; 
stipules  minute,  often  deciduous.  Inflorescence  axillary  and 
terminal,  cymose.  Flowers  small,  white,  regular,  hermaphrodite 
or  polygamo-dicecious.  Calyx  3-6-cleft,  imbricate,  generally 
persistent.  Petals  4-5,  free  or  united  at  the  base,  hypogynous, 
deciduous,  imbricate.  Stamens  hypogynous,  as  many  as  the 
petals,  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  short  corolla-tube.  Ovary 
free,  with  3—5  cells,  or  more.  Style  wanting  or  terminal. 
Ovules  1,  or  2  side  by  side  in  the  cells,  pendulous  from  the  top 
of  the  cell.  Fruit  drupaceous,  slightly  fleshy,  with  3-18  pyrenes  ; 
pyrenes  1 -seeded.  Seed  pendulous,  with  copious  fleshy  endosperm. 
Embryo  very  .small,  straight,  in  the  apex  of  the  endosperm. 

Species  about  285,  natives  mostly  of  the  tropics  of  America 
and  Asia ;  several  in  the  temperate  regions  of  the  northern 
hemisphere. 

c  -2 


I'll  FI.oKA    OF   JAMAICA  Ilex 


ILEX  L. 

Leaves  generally  entire.  Flower  parts  in  fours,  fives,  or  sixes. 
< '"folia  rotate.  Ovary  4-6(-7)-celled  (in  Jamaican  species); 
style  wanting,  or  short  and  thick  ;  stigmas  as  many  as  cells  of 
the  ovary.  l>rupe  globose,  4-8-pyrened. 

Species  about  275,  mostly  natives  of  warmer  regions  of 
S.  America  and  Asia,  fewer  in  the  West  Indies  and  in  the 
temperate  zone  of  eastern  N.  America  and  eastern  Asia,  some  in 
Central  America,  very  few  in  Australia  and  Oceania,  and  in 
-t-urope,  Africa,  and  California. 

Inflorescences  solitary. 
Leaves  more  than  3  cm.  1. 

Leaves  with  a  few  small  teeth,  acute  or  acuminate...  1.  I.  montana. 

Leaves  entire,  obtuse 2.  I.  subtriflora. 

Leaves  less  than  3  cm.  1 3.  I.  obcordata. 

Inflorescences  clustered. 

Leaves  more  than  3'5  cm.  1. 
Leaves  obovate-elliptical  or  elliptical. 

Apex  obtuse  to  rounded 4.  I.  occidentalis. 

Apex  shortly  acuminate  or  subacute 5.  I.  Harrisii. 

Leaves  elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or  ovate. 
Leaves  membranous. 

Female  infl.  1-3-flowered  (Male  infl.  not  seen)...  2.  J.  subtriflora. 
Leaves  papery  to  leathery. 

Male  infl.  corymbose 6.  I.  rMida. 

Male  infl.  1-flowered 7.  I.  uni flora.  • 

Leaves  roundish-elliptical,  rounded  at  both   ends, 

leathery.     Female  infl.  3-many-flowered 8.  I.florifera. 

Leaves  less  than  3*5  cm.  1 ,. 9.  J.  vaccinoides. 

1.  I.  montana  Griseb.  in  Mem.  Acad.  Amer.  Sc.  tfc  Art., 
n.s.  viii.  171  (1860)  (in  part),  &  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  147  (excl. 
syn.  I.  cassine,  I.  minutiflora,  Prinos  sideroxyloides) ;  leaves 
3*5-10  cm.  I.,  broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  more 
or  less  acuminate  or  acute,  with  a  few  small  teeth  towards  the 
apex,  rarely  subentire,  papery  to  somewhat  leathery  ;  inflorescence 
solitary. — Loes.  in  Einjl.  Sot.  Jalirb.  xv.  313  &  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat. 
Cur.  Ixxviii.  118.  Prinos  montanus  Sw.  Prodr.  58  (1 788)  &  FL  Ind. 
Occ.  622  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  205.  P.  lanceolatus  Macf.  Jam.  i.  206 
(1837).  P.  Macfadyenii  Walp.  Piep.  i  541  (1842).  Specimen 
from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Winter  Berry. 

Higbest  mountains,  Swartz  \  Bancroft  \  Macfadijen  !  Portland  Gap  ; 
Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  Pur  die  !  hills,  St.  Andrew,  Prior  \  Jenman  !  Cinchona, 
Clutel  Cinchona,  J.P.  664,  Hart !  also  Fawcettl  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitch- 
cock ;  Blue  Mts.  (everywhere  inch  Port  Royal  Mts.  and  Peak)  Harris  I  Fl. 
Jam.  5350,  5428,  5542,  5632,  5641.  5642,  5645,  5669,  5670,  5813,  5872,  5877, 
5893,  5968,  8151,  8297,  9115.— Cuba,  Hispaniola,  lesser  Antilles. 

Shrub  or  tree,  10  30ft.  high.     Leaves  dark  green,  shining;   midrib  flat 


Hex  AQUIFOLIACE^E  21 

or  slightly  prominent  or  slightly  impressed  on  upper  surface,  somewhat 
prominent  beneath,  nerves  and  veins  more  or  less  evident  on  both  sides ; 
petiole  1-2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  :  male  once  to  three  or  four  times  forked, 
divisions  1-3-flowered,  female  simple,  1-3-flowered ;  peduncles  in  male 
7-16  mm.  1.,  ultimate  pedicels  3-4  mm.  1.  Flowers  :  parts  usually  in  6's, 
sometimes  in  5's;  rarely  in  7's.  Calyx  1-1*5  mm.  1.,  lobes  about  equalling 
the  tube,  triangular,  acute.  Petals  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical,  united  to  ^  or 
J  of  their  length,  about  2  mm.  1.,  1  mm.  br.  Ovary  in  female  fl.  5-7-celled  ; 
stigma  disk-like.  Drupe  fleshy,  purple,  sometimes  white,  5-7  mm.  in 
diam.  ;  pyrenes  5-7,  smooth,  compressed-flattish  from  the  sides,  very 
narrow,  semicircular-lunate,  3 '5-4  mm.  1.,  about  2  mm.  br.  on  flat  side. 

2.  I.  subtriflora  Griseb.  ex  Loes.  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xv.  312 
(1892)  &  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  li\cviii.  121  ;  leaves  4-11  cm.  1., 
elliptical    (rarely   ovate),    glabrous,    entire,    apex    obtuse,    mem- 
branous or  papery  ;  inflorescence  solitary  or  clustered. 

March  ;  Phoenix  Park,  Moneague,  Prior  ! 

"  A  pyramidal  tree  like  a  cypress  in  outline  "  (Prior).  Leaves  :  petioles 
1-2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  (female)  usually  solitary  and  3-flowered,  some- 
times clustered  and  1-3-flowered,  racemose  or  even  paniculate,  glabrous, 
axillary  also  terminal  (in  Prior's  specimen)  ;  peduncle  2-5  mm.  1. ;  pedicels 
3-4  mm.  1.  Flowers,  parts  in  4's  or  5's.  Calyx  about  2  mm.  in  diam., 
lobes  roundish  ciliolate,  scarcely  1  mm.  br.  Corolla  subrotate,  about 
2  mm.  1. ;  petals  ovate,  united  to  £  of  their  length.  Fruit  not  seen. 

3.  I.    obeordata    Sw.    FL    Incl    Occ.    338    (1797)  ;    leaves 
•7-1 '3  cm.  1.,  roundish  obcordate  to   1-2   cm.   !._,  oblanceolate, 
apex  rounded,  often  emarginate,  mucronulate,  base  acute  to  wedge- 
shaped,  entire,  leathery ;   inflorescence  solitary. — Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Incl.  147  ;  Loes.  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrl.  xv.  323  &  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat. 
Cur.  Ixxviii.  208.     Ilex  cuneifolia  Hook.  Ic.  PL  t.  294  (1840). 

In  fl.  Dec.-Feb. ;  in  fr.  Nov.-Apr. ;  highest  ridge  of  Blue  Mts.,  Swart z  ; 
Macfadyen;  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Purdie\  Monkey  Hill,  Cinchona,  J.P.,  985, 
Hart !  Morris  !  Morse's  Gap,  5000  ft. ;  John  Crow  Peak,  5300  ft.  ;  Harris  ! 
G.  E.  Nichols !  PL  Jam.  5944,  9119,  9139,  9379.— Hispaniola. 

Shrub  or  tree,  6-30  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Petioles  1-3  mm.  1. ;  stipules 
about  1  mm.  1.,  spine-like.  Inflorescence:  male  2-3-flowered,  pedicels 
umbellate  (1-2  mm.  1.)  on  a  peduncle  (to  4  or  5  mm.  1.) ;  female  1-flowered, 
pedicels  3-10  mm.  1.  Flowers,  parts  in  4's  (rarely  5's  or  6's).  Calyx  about 
1  mm.  1.,  margin  of  lobes  more  or  less  cut.  Corolla  3  mm.  1. ;  petals 
elliptical,  crenulate.  Ovary  4-celled.  Drupe  globular,  without  furrows  or 
lines,  5-6  mm.  1.  (incl.  stigma) ;  stigma  capitate,  1  mm.  1.  and  br. ;  pyrenes 
4-6,  3-4  mm.  1.,  more  or  less  3-cornered. 

4.  I.  oeeidentalis  Macf.    Jam.    i.    204    (1837)    (excl.    syn. 
I.   obeordata    Sw.) ;    leaves    3 '5-9    cm.    1.,    obovate-elliptical    or 
elliptical,  apex  obtuse  to  rounded,  base  wedge-shaped,  papery  to 
leathery;    inflorescences   clustered. — Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Incl.  147 
(in  part,  excl.  hab.  Dominica).     I.  sideroxyloides  forma  jamaicen- 
sis  Loes.  in  Urb.  Si/ml.  Ant.  i.  346  (1899).     I.  sideroxyloides  var. 
oeeidentalis  forma  jamaicensis  Loes.  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  Ixxviii. 
354  (1901). 


--  FIj'KA    <)F    JAMAICA  I'' 

In  fl.  Sept.-Apr.  :  in  fr.  Nov.;  Blue  Mt.  ridge;  Orchard;  Port 
Koyul  .Alts.;  Mac/a  '  Manchester,  1'nrdiel  near  Cinchona,  J.P.  1205, 
1143,  Hart\  J.P.  1400,  2116,  Jforris  1  Portland  Gap,  5500ft.;  Tw-.-dside, 
north  St.  Andrew,  2500  ft. ;  St.  George;  near  Cinchona,  4500  ft.  ;  Harrlx  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5643,  6088,  7400,  9110,  9118. 

Shrub  or  tree,  15-40  ft.  high.  Leaves:  midrib  impressed  on  upper 
surface,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  and  veins  not  always  distinct ;  petioles 
•5-1  cm.  1.  Itijlor,  srcnc,' ;  male  3-(6)-flowered,  peduncle  to  4  mm.  1., 
pedicels  2  mm.  1. ;  female  1-flowered,  pedicel  4-8  mm.  1.  Flowers  :  parts 
in  4's.  Calyx  about  1  mm.  1.,  lobes  broadly  triangular.  Corolla  about 
2  mm.  1.,  petals  of  male  elliptical,  of  female  ovate-  or  oblong-elliptical. 
Ovary  4-celled.  Drupe  3 '5-4  mm.  1.,  ovoid  ;  stigma  conical;  pyrenes  4-1, 
irregularly  furrowed  on  back,  otherwise  smooth,  obtusely  3-cornered. 

Distinguished  from  J.  sideroxyloides  Griseb.  by  the  leaves  more  or  less 
obovate,  the  parts  of  the  flowers  in  4's  not  6's,  and  the  smaller  flowers 
and  fruit. 

o.  I.  Harrisii  Loes.  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  346  (1899)  &  /,/ 
Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  Ixxviii.  411  ;  leaves  5-8(-10)  cm.  1.,  elliptical 
or  obovate-elliptical,  apex  shortly  acuminate  or  subacute,  base 
wedge-shaped,  entire,  thinly  leathery;  inflorescences  clustered. 

In  fl.  Feb.,  Mar.  ;  Green  Hill  Wood,  3500  ft.  ;  Newhaven  Gap,  Cin- 
chona, 5600  ft. ;  Hardware  Gap,  4000  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5673,  9200, 
10,137. 

Shrub  or  tree,  15  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  :  midrib  impressed  on 
upper  surface,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  slightly  prominent  on  both 
sides,  network  of  nerves  and  veins  distinct  beneath  ;  petioles  1-1 '5  cm.  1. 
Inflorescences  :  male  4-8,  usually  3-flowered,  peduncles  4-9  mm.  1.,  pedicels 
umbellate,  1-5-2-5  mm.  1. ;  female  1-5,  usually  1-flowered  (rarely  2), 
pedicels  3-5  mm.  1.  Flowers  :  parts  in  4's  or  5's.  Calyx  :  lobes  triangular, 
a  little  longer  than  tube,  '!-•  8  mm.  1.  Corolla:  petals,  male  elliptical, 
about  2  mm.  1.,  female  ovate  to  oblong,  about  2  mm.  1.,  tube  about  -6  mm.  1. 
Ovary  usually  4-celled  ;  stigma  capitate,  4-5-lobed.  Drupe  not  seen. 

6.  I.  nitida  Maxim,  in  Mem.  Acad.  Petersb.  ser.  7,  xxix.  no.  3, 
27  (1881);  leaves  7-12  (5 -5-14)  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  or  oblong- 
elliptical  (more  or  less  obovate  in  other  countries),  apex  obtuse, 
sometimes  very  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate ;  margin  entire, 
or  indistinctly  more  or  less  crenate-toothed,  leathery  to  papery  ; 
inflorescences  clustered. — Loes.  in  Ennl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xv.  319  & 
in  Nov.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  Ixxvili  313  ;  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  362. 
I.  dioica  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  147.  Prinos  nitidus  Valil 
Eclog.  IL  26  (1798).  (Fig.  9.) 

In  fl.  and  fr.  all   the   year   round;    Wilson  \    Priori    near   Bardowie, 
2000  ft. ;  Ginger  Piece  bridge,  2800  ft. ;  near  Morse's  Gap,  5000  ft. :   Mt. 
Hybla,  4500  ft. ;  Peckham,  2300  ft. ;  Harris !  Cedar  Hurst  to  Silver  Hill 
Gap,  Harris  £  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  5822,  6237,  7559,  9122,  10,545,  11,073.- 
Mexico,  Porto  Rico,  Montserrat,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique. 

Shrub  or  tree  15-20(-60)  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  shining,  olive-green 
or  brownish,  midrib  flattish  on  upper  surface,  somewhat  prominent 
beneath,  veins  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides;  petioles  -5-1 '5  cm.  1. 
Inflorescences  3-10 :  male  corymbose,  peduncle  -5-l(-l'5)  cm.  1.,  pedicels 
2-4  mm.  1. ;  female  1-flowered,  pedicels  4-7  mm.  1.  Flowers  :  parts  in  4's 
(sometimes  5's).  Calyx  1-1  •  5  mm.  1. ;  lobes  broadly  triangular  to  rounded, 


Ilex 


AQUIFOLIACEJ; 


23 


about  as  long  as  tube.      Corolla  3-4  mm.  1.,  petals   elliptical   to   ovate. 
Stamens  a  little  shorter  than  the  petals.    Ovary  4-celled.    Drupe  7-8  mm.  1. , 


A 


C 


Fig.  9. — Ilex  nitidci  Maxim. 

A,  Flowering  twig  x  §.  D,  Ovary  cut  lengthwise  X  7. 

B,  Bud  X  5.  E,  Pyrene  X  4. 

C,  Flower  x  5. 

orange-scarlet;  stigma  flat;  pyrenes  4-5 •  5  mm.  1.,  3-cornered,  with  3-5 
narrow  keels  on  back.  This  species  has  larger  flowers  and  fruit  than  the 
other  Jamaican  species. 

I.  nitidci  forma  ovatifolia  Loes.  (op.  cit.  Ixxxix.  285,  1903)  is  a  species 
of  Xylosma  (Flacourtiaccce). 

7.  I.  uniflora  Fawc.  &  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  19  (1921); 
leaves  9-12  cm.  1.,  4-7  cm.  br.,  elliptical,  sometimes  ovate- 
elliptical,  somewhat  unequal-sided,  apex  obtuse,  base  rounded  to 
obtuse,  margin  entire,  slightly  re  volute,  leathery;  inflorescences 
clustered. 

In  fl.  Nov. ;  Holly  Mount,  3000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,201. 

Shrub  12  ft.  high,  twigs  somewhat  thick,  warm-grey.  Leaves  :  midrib 
and  nerves  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides,  veins  indistinct;  petioles 
about  1  cm.  1.  Inflorescences  (male  flowers  only  known)  numerous  in  axils, 
1-flowered ;  pedicels  5-7  mm.  1.,  glabrous.  Flowers:  parts  in  5's.  Calyx 
1 -2-1 -5  mm.  1.,  lobes  much  longer  than  the  tube,  ovate-triangular,  apex 
obtuse.  Corolla:  petals  elliptical,  almost  free,  about  2-5  mm.  1.,  nearly 
2  mm.  br.  Stamens  5,  only  about  half  as  long  as  the  petals.  Pistillode 
flattened,  with  a  style-like  projection  in  the  centre. 


L'4  FI.OIIA    01-    JAMAICA  Hex 


3.  I.  florifera  F«w<-.  <(•  UrmUr  in  J<>nrn.  TJ»I.  lix.  18  (1921)  ; 
leaves  6-10  cm.  1.,  4  '5-8  cm.  br.,  roundish-elliptical,  apex  and 
rounded,  margin  entire,  slightly  revolute,  leathery;  inflor- 
clustered. 


In  fl.  and  fr.  Apr.,  May  ;  Union  Hill,  near  Moneague,  Britton  &  HollicJc, 
2803  !  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann,  2000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,012. 

Tree  to  40  ft.  high,  glabrous,  twigs  ash-coloured.  Leaves  :  midrib  flat 
or  slightly  channelled  on  upper  surface,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  distinct 
on  both  sides,  veins  indistinct;  petioles  '7-1  cm.  1.  Inflorescences  (female 
only  known)  several  in  each  axil,  3-  to  many-flowered,  corymbose  ;  peduncle^ 
about  -5  cm.  in  fl.  to  1  cm.  in  fr.  Flowers  :  parts  in  4's.  Calyx  1-2-1-5 
mm.  1.  ;  lobes  longer  than  the  tube,  transversely  subelliptical.  Corolla  : 
petals  oblong-elliptical  to  roundish-elliptical,  subfree,  2  -3-2  -5  mm.  ]., 
1-5-1-9  mm.  br.  Ovary  4-celled,  subovoid  ;  stigma  capitate.  iJrnjn1 
about  3  mm.  1.  (incl.  stigma),  subglobular  to  pear-shaped;  pyrenes  4, 
3-cornered,  smooth,  with  a  line  along  the  centre  of  the  back,  about 
2-5  mm.  1. 

9.  I.  vaeeinoides  Loes.  in  Urb.  Syml.  Ant.  rii  270  (1912); 
leaves  1*5-3  (1-3*5)  cm.  1.,  obovate  to  narrowly  elliptical,  apex 
rounded,  generally  shortly  apiculate,  base  acute  to  wedge-shaped, 
leathery,  entire  or  sparingly  and  minutely  serrate  near  apex  ; 
inflorescences  clustered. 

In  fl.  April,  also  Aug.  ;  ^Monkey  Hill,  Cinchona,  5SOO  ft.  ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  9217,  9379. 

Shrub  6  ft.  high,  or  tree  30-40  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  :  midrib 
impressed  on  upper  surface,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  and  veins  generally 
slightly  prominent  on  upper  surface,  indistinct  beneath  ;  petioles  2-3(-6) 
rnm.l.  ;  stipules  awl-shaped,  -5-1  mm.  1.  Inflorescences:  male  1-flowerecl, 
or  once  forked  and  2-3-flowered  ;  peduncle  4-7  mm.  1.,  pedicels  1-2  mm.  1.  ; 
female  1-flowered,  2  or  3  .in  a  cluster,  or  reduced  to  1.  Flowers  :  parts 
in  4's.  Calyx  :  lobes  unequal,  triangular,  somewhat  longer  than  the  tube, 
to  1*5  mm.  1.  Corolla  :  petals  2-2-5  mm.  1.  Ovary  4-celled;  stigma  disk- 
like.  Drupe  ellipsoidal,  4  mm.  1.  ;  pyrenes  4,  one  sometimes  undeveloped, 
smooth,  3-cornered,  flattish  on  the  sides,  with  a  slight  furrow  along  the 
back,  about  3  mm.  1. 


FAMILY  LVI.    CELASTRACE^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  erect  in  Jamaican  genera.  Leaves  opposite 
and  alternate,  leathery,  simple,  never  lobed;  stipules  when  present, 
minute  and  soon  dropping  off.  Inflorescence  mostly  cyrnose. 
Flowers  small ,  greenish  or  white,  hermaphrodite,  by  reduction 
often  unisexual,  monoecious  or  dicecious.  Calyx  small,  with 
4  or  5  lobes  or  segments,  imbricate,  persistent.  Petals  4—5, 
short,  spreading,  sessile  below  the  margin  of  the  disk,  imbricate. 
Stamens  4-5,  inserted  on  or  near  the  margin  of  the  disk ;  fila- 
ments awl-shaped.  Ovary  3-5-celled,  with  a  short  thick  style, 
entire  or  sometimes  3-5-lobed ;  stigma  simple  or  lobed.  Ovules 
2  or  1  in  the  cells,  anatropous,  erect,  rarely  pendulous.  Fruit 
a  capsule  or  drupe.  Seeds  usually  erect,  with  or  without  an 


Maytenus  CELASTEACE.-E  25 

aril ;    endosperm    fleshy,   sometimes    wanting.     Embryo   usually 
rather  large  ;  cotyledons  flat,  foliaceous. 

Species  about  450,  dispersed  over  the  whole  world  in  tropical 
and  more  rarely  in  temperate  regions. 

Fruit  a  capsule.    Seed  with  an  aril.   Flower-parts  in  fives  1.  Maytenus. 
Fruit  a  drupe.     Seed  without  an  aril. 
Flower-parts  in  fours. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  2.  Rhacoma . 

Flowers  1-sexual,  usually  dioecious. 
Leaves  opposite.     Cymes  pedunculate. 

Ovary  2-celled.     Seeds  generally  solitary  3.  Gymindn. 

Ovary  4-celled.     Seeds  generally  more  than  one  4.   Tetrasiphon. 
Leaves  alternate  or  clustered.     Flowers  clustered.  5.  Scli&fferia. 

Flower-parts  in  fives    6.  ElcRodendron. 

\.  MAYTENUS  Molina. 

Small  erect  -shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  in  2  rows, 
entire  or  serrate.  Mowers  polygamous,  axillary,  solitary  or 
clustered  (in  Jamaican  species),  parts  in  fives ;  pedicels  jointed 
at  the  base.  Anthers  ovate-cordate.  Disk  round  with  wavy 
margin.  Ovary  immersed  in  the  disk  and  confluent  with  it, 
2-(3)-celled ;  style  wanting  or  very  short ;  stigma  2-(3)-lobed ; 
ovules  2  (or  1)  in  the  cells,  erect.  Fruit  a  capsule,  leathery, 
1-3-celled,  at  length  loculicidally  2-valved  (in  Jamaican  species)  : 
valves  keeled  and  brown,  or  purplish  inside.  Seeds  enclosed 
altogether  or  partially  by  a  thin  aril,  erect ;  endosperm  some- 
times wanting. 

Species  125,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  of  tropical  and 
subtropical  America,  and  of  .temperate  S.  America. 

Leaves  with  apex  rounded,  obtuse,  or  shortly  acuminate. 
Petals  longer  than  1  •  5  mm. 

Capsule  smooth  on  outside  ;  pedicel  thin. 

Capsule  12-15  mm.  1... 1.  M.  jamaicensis. 

Capsule  7-9  mm.  1 2.  M.  microcarpa. 

Capsule  rough  outside  ;  pedicel  thick. 

Leaf-margin  revolute 3.  M.  clarendon  ensis. 

Leaf-margin  flat 4.  M.  crassipes. 

Petals  about   1  mm.  1.     Capsule  13-20  mm.  1., 

slightly  rough  ;  pedicel  slender   5.  M.  wrens. 

Leaves  with  apex  long  and  narrowly  acuminate 6.  M.  Harrisii. 

1.  M.  jamaicensis  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Notizbl.  Bcrl.  Bot.  Gnrtl.  i. 
nr.  2,  78  (1895)  &  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  r.  57  (1904).  M.  brachycarpa 
Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant,  v.  38  (1904).  (Fig.  10,  A-D.) 

In  fl.  Nov.-Mar. ;  in  fr.  May-Nov. ;  Chester  Vale;  Woodcutter's  Gap, 
4200  ft.;  Green  River;  Wbitficld  Hall,  3000  ft.;  Vinegar  Hill,  3500  ft.; 
Cedar  Hurst ;  Silver  Hill  Gap,  S600-3800  ft. ;  between  Hardware  Gap  and 


26 


i»l    JAMAICA 


Mayt<  it  UK 


Rose  Hill,  3700ft.;  St.  George;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.: 

John   Crow   (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  ,1    Britton\   Fl.  Jam.  5331,  5416,  5429, 

5430,  5460,  5470,  5505,  5570,  6105,  6438,  6588,  7609,  10,031,  10,135,  10,75] . 

Shrub  or  tree,  9-25  ft.  high.  Lea  res  5-12(-17)  cm.  1.,  roundish,  ovate- 
or  oblong-elliptical,  ovate,  or  elliptical,  papery  or  leathery,  often  thick  and 
stiff,  margin  entire,  or  subundulate  above,  flat,  or  recurved,  or  revolute. 

•.r<TS  clustered,  yellowish  and  green,  very  fragrant;  pedicels  4-8  mm.  1., 


'J 


Fig.  10. — Maytenus  jamaicensis  Kr.  &  I'rb. 

A,  Branch  with  leaf  and  flowers  X  §.  D,  Pistil  cut  lengthwise  x  10. 

B5  Male  flower  x  5.  E,  Fruit  of   M.  crassipes   Urb.,  showing 

(.',  Female  flower  with  petals  removed  X  5.  two  seeds  with  aril,  nat.  size. 

slender.  Calyx  1*2-1-5  mm.  1.,  lobes  usually  semilunar.  Petals 
1-8-2 -5  mm.  1.,  elliptical-ovate  or  roundish-elliptical.  Ovary  2-celled. 
Capsule  roundish-ellipsoidal,  ovoid  or  obovoid,  apiculate,  12-15  mm.  1., 
long  stipitate  (1-5-2  mm.  1.),  valves  8-10  mm.  1.,  7-9  mm.  br.,  reddish- 
brown  or  purplish  on  the  inside.  Seeds  4-3  (2-1)  ovoid  or  flatly  ellipsoidal, 
7-12  mm.  1.,  3 -5-5  mm.  br. 

The  leaves  vary  considerably  in  form  and  size  ;  Urban  recognises  three 
varieties,  orbicularis,  longifolia,  and  minor. 

2.  M.  mieroearpa  Fau-c.  &  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  19  (1921). 

In  fl.  Dec.,  Jan.;  in  fr.  May;  limestone  rocks  in  woods,  Peckham, 
Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  11,054,  12,800.  Types  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit,  and  in  Herb.  Jam. 

Shrub  9-10  ft.  high;  branchlets  with  numerous  lenticels  and  bark 
silvery-grey,  splitting.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  ovate-elliptical,  very  shortly 
and  bluntly  subacuminate,  leathery,  margin  entire,  slightly  revolute. 
Floivers  1  or  8,  clustered  in  axils;  pedicels  slender,  2*5  mm.  1.  in  bud, 


Maytenus  CELASTRAOK.K  27 

5  mm.  1.  in  fr.  Calyx :  lobes  transversely  elliptical,  about  1  mm.  1. 
Petals  about  1-5  mm.  1.,  roundish.  Capsule  ellipsoidal,  slightly  apiculate, 
very  shortly  stipitate,  7-9  mm.  1. ;  valves  4-5  mm.  br.,  reddish-purple 
on  the  inside.  Seeds  flattened-ellipsoidal,  about  5-5  mm.  L,  about 
3' 5  mm.  br.,  black. 

This  species  is  near  M.  jamaicensis  Kr.  &  Urb.,  but  differs  in  the 
smaller  fruit. 

3.  M.  elarendonensis  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xxxix.  8 

(1912). 

In  fl.  Sept.;  in  fr.  July;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.;  Croft's  Mt., 
Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,947,  11,222. 

Tree,  40-50  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-13  cm.  L,  4 -5-8 -5  cm.  br.,  broadly 
elliptical,  obtuse  or  rounded  at  both  ends,  leathery,  margin  entire,  revolute. 
Flowers  solitary  or  2  together,  greenish-yellow  ;  pedicels  thick,  5-6  mm.  1. 
Calyx  about  1-6  mm.  L,  lobes  roundish  or  somewhat  deltoid.  Petals 
roundish  or  ovate-roundish,  2  mm.  1.  in  young  flower.  Capsule  ellipsoidal, 
apex  apiculate,  1-5-1-9  cm.  1. ;  valves  1-1-1-5  cm.  L,  rough  with  flat 
tubercles,  reddish-brown  inside.  Seeds  2  or  3,  completely  covered  with 
the  aril,  about  1  cm.  1. 

4.  M.  erassipes  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  404  (1908).      (Fig.  10,  E.) 

In  fl.  Aug. ;  in  fr.  Aug.,  Dec.,  May;  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2600  ft.  ; 
Dolphin  Head;  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann,  2000  ft.;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2000  ft.;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  8966,  10,303,  12,014,  12,816;  Union  HiU,  near 
Moneague,  Britton  &  Hollick,  2737,  2746  ! 

Shrub  or  tree,  10-25  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-15  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  ovate- 
elliptical  or  oblong-lanceolate,  apex  obtuse  or  obtusely  subacuminate,  base 
obtuse  to  rounded,  thinly  leathery,  margin  entire,  flat,  or  sometimes 
slightly  recurved.  Flowers  solitary  or  clustered,  greenish ;  pedicels  in  fl. 
1-2-5  mm.  1.,  in  fr.  1-9  mm.  L,  1-2  mm.  thick.  Calyx  :  lobes  roundish  to 
1  mm.  1.  Petals  1-5-1-8  mm.  1.  Capsule  obovoid-globular,  or  ellipsoidal, 
not  stipitate,  1-1*7  cm.  1. ;  valves  -6-1  cm.  L,  rough  outside,  woody. 
Seeds  2  or  1,  8-10  mm.  L,  6-7  mm  br.,  flat-ellipsoidal,  covered  by  the  aril, 
black. 

5.  M.  virens  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  60  (1904). 

Bock  Wood. 

In  fl.  Sept.-Dec. ;  in  fr.  all  the  year  round ;  Schwallenburg,  2200  ft. ; 
near  Troy,  2000-2500  ft.  ;  Fraywoods,  1650-1800  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7049,  8764,  8797,  8802,  9080,  10,344,  10,346, 
11,001,  11,015,  11,050,  11,191,  12,784,  12,796. 

Shrub  or  tree,  9-20  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-10  cm.  L,  2-4  (1-5-5)  cm.  br., 
ovate  to  roundish-ovate  or  oblong,  shortly  acuminate,  papery  to  leathery, 
margin  entire,  narrowly  recurved.  Flowers  solitary  or  clustered,  greenish- 
yellow  ;  pedicels  slender,  4-5  mm.  1.  Calyx  :  lobes" semilunar,  -7- -8  mm.  1. 
Petals  about  1  mm.  1.,  elliptical.  Capsule  13-20  mm.  1.,  obovoid-ellip- 
soidal ;  valves  to  1-1  cm.  L,  about  8  mm.  br. ;  yellowish-brown  011  the 
inside,  keel  prominent.  Seeds  2,  flatly  ellipsoidal. 

6.  M.  Harrisii  Kr.  »(•   Urb.  in  Notizbl.  Berl.  Bot.  Gart.  i.  78 
(1895)  &  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  59. 

In  fr.  July;  near  Woodcutters'  Gap,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5266. 
Leaves  6-9  cm.  1.,  3-5  cm.  br.,  ovate  or  broadly  elliptical,  apex  long  and 
narrowly  acuminate,  base   acute,   papery,  margin  entire   or   subundulate 


28 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


May  ten  a* 


above.  Hat  or  narrowly  subrecurved.  Flowers  clustered;  pedicels  of  fruit 
r.  10  mm.  1.  (V//)s^/c  obovate  or  narrowly  obovate,  15-17  mm.  1.;  valves 
8-10  mm.  br.,  reddish-brown  on  tbe  inside.  ,SVr<Z.s  generally  3,  sometimes 
•1.  -,  or  1,  flatly  ellipsoidal,  10-11  mm.  1.,  4 -5-5  mm.  br. 


2.  RHACOMA  L. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  alternate,  or  •"> 
together,  entire,  crenate,  or  spiny.  Inflorescence  axillary, 
<-vraose  on  long  <>r  very  short  peduncles,  or  clustered.  Flowers 
hermaphrodite,  parts  in  fours,  minute.  Calyx  lobed.  Petals 
recurved  in  flower.  Ovary  4-celled  ;  ovule  solitary  in  each  cell, 
erect.  Fruit  a  drupe.  Seed  without  an  aril ;  endosperm  present. 

Species  14,  natives  of  the  \Vest  Indies  (incl.  Bahamas), 
Florida,  and  northern  South  America. 

R.  Crossopetalum  L.  Si/st.  erl.  10,  896  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  393, 
376  ;  Trel  in  A.  Gr.  Syn.  'FL  N.  Am.  i.  pi.  1,  399  ;  Urb.  Synil. 
Ant.  h:.  364,  v.  71  ;  Britton  Fl.  Bcrni.  224  ;  Britt.  &  MiUsp.  Bali. 


Fig.  11. — Rhacoma  Crossopetalum  L. 

A.  Twig  with  leaves  and  flowers,  nat.  size.        C,  Ripening  ovary  cut  lengthwise  X  10. 

B.  flower  X  10.  I),  Fruit  x  .">. 

Fl.    248.       Crossopetalum  fruticulosum  tenue  &c.  Browne  Hist. 
Jain.   145,  t.  17, /.  1.      C.   Rhacoma   Crantz  List.  ii.   321   (1766). 

C.  pallens  Kuntze  Rev.  i.   116  (1891).     Myginda  Rhacoma  Siv. 
Prodr.  39  (1788)  &  Fl.  Incl  Occ.  340;  Jacq.  Ic.  PI.  Ear.  ii.  9, 


Eliacoma  CELASTRACE.E  'J.{J 

t.  311;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  204;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  146.  M. 
pallens  Banks  ex  Smith  in  Bees  Cycl.  xxiv.  (1813)  ;  Griseb.  Joe.  cit. 
M.  uragoga  Bich.  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  141  (1845)  (non  Jacq.). 
(Fig.  11.)  Type  specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Poison  Cherry. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  throughout  the  year  ;  woods,  Martha  Brae  river,  Browne ! 
Wright  \  hill  above  Hock  Fort,  Broughton  !  sandy  shore  in  west,  Swartz ; 
sea-shore,  Old  Harbour,  Macfadyenl  Purclie ;  March  \  Lucea,  Hitchcock; 
Long  Mt.,  350  ft.,  Campbell !  Healthshire  hills,  50  ft.,  sea-coast  near  Bull 
Bay;  Lorjg  Mt.,  south  side,  250-800  ft. ;  Albion  Mt.,  St.  Thomas,  200  ft. ; 
Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6148,  9532,  9572,  9582,  9584,  9609,  11,685.— Bermuda, 
Florida  (incl.  Keys),  Bahamas,  West  Indies  as  far  south  as  St.  Lucia, 
Colombia. 

SJirnb  or  tree,  2  to  15  ft.  high;  branches  more  or  less  diverging  and 
drooping;  young  twigs  with  4  raised  longitudinal  lines.  Leaves  opposite, 
1-4  (5)  cm.  1.,  shape  very  variable,  obovate,  elliptical  to  roundish,  or 
narrowly  lanceolate,  apex  obtuse  or  rounded,  often  emarginate,  margin 
usually  crenulate,  sometimes  minutely  toothed,  or  subentire,  papery  or 
leathery.  Inflorescence  with  minute  white  hairs,  with  peduncle  ( •  5-2  cm.  1.), 
divided  cymosely  once  to  four  times;  pedicels  1-2*5 -mm.  1.  Calyx 
•7  mm.  1.;  segments  imbricate  in  bud.  Petals  obovate-elliptical, 
1-1-2  mm.  1.,  green  tinged  with  red.  Style  with  4  recurved  stigmas  at 
apex.  Drupe  to  7  mm.  1.,  scarlet,  obliquely  obovoid  or  obliquely  globular, 
style  persistent,  more  or  less  one-sided,  l(2)-seeded. 

3.  GYMINDA  Sarg. 

Shrub  or  tree.  Leaves  opposite,  entire  or  crenulate-serrate 
above  the  middle.  Inflorescence  axillary,  in  pedunculate  few- 
flowered  cymes  forking  once  to  four  times.  Flowers  minute, 
unisexual,  dioecious,  parts  in  fours.  Sepals  free  or  subfree. 
Petals  white,  recurved  in  flower.  Stamens  (in  the  male  flower 
only)  inserted  in  the  lobes  of  the  disk.  Ovary  (in  male  fl. 
rudimentary)  in  female  fl.  2-celled,  combined  with  the  disk, 
with  a  2-lobed  stigma;  ovule  solitary,  pendulous  in  each  cell. 
Drupe  black  or  dark  blue,  often  1 -celled.  Seed  solitary 
(rarely  2),  pendulous  ;  endosperm  thin,  fleshy. 

Species  1,  native  of  the  Florida  Keys,  West  Indies,  Mexico. 

G.  latifolia  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  80  (1904)  &  h.  365.  G. 
Grisebachii  Sarg.  in  GarcL  tfc  For.  iv.  4  (1891)  &  Silv.  ii.  14,  t.  54 ; 
Trel.  in  A.  Gr.  Syn.  FL  N.  Am.  i.  pt.  1,  399 ;  Small  Fl.  S.  E.  U. 
St.  736.  Myginda  latifolia  Sw.  Prodr.  39  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ. 
342  (excl.  syn.  Valil) ;  Grisebacli  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  146.  (Fig.  12.) 

In  fl.  and  fr.  during  the  first  half  of  the  year ;  St.  Ann,  McNab  \ 
Wullschlaegel ;  Great  Goat  Is.;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,160,  10,174.— Distri- 
bution as  under  genus. 

Shrub  or  tree,  15  to  20  ft.  high,  glabrous  ;  twigs  of  one  season's  growth 
marked  with  four  raised  lines.  Leaves  1-5-6  cm.  1.,  variable,  generally 
obovate-wedge-shaped  with  rounded  apex,  sometimes  obovate-oblong  or 
oblong,  sometimes  rhomboid  or  rhomboid-elliptical  with  apex  narrowed 
or  obtusely  acuminate,  apex  often  emarginate,  on  the  upper  surface  more 


30 


FI/MIA    UF    JAMAICA 


C/lininda 


Fig.  IZ.—Gymlnda  latifolia  Urb. 

A,  Flowering  twig  x  f .  C,  Female  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  S. 

B.  Male  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  8.  D,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise  X  6. 

(After  Sargent.) 

or  less  glaucescent,  beneath  brownish  (when  dry)  ;  petioles  1-5  mm.  1. 
Sepals  '6- *8  mm.  1.,  roundish  or  semicircular.  Petals  1*6-2 '2  mm.  1., 
elliptical.  Drupe  narrowly-  to  roundish-ellipsoidal,  4-8  mm.  1. 


4.  TETRASIPHON  Urb. 

A  small  tree,  bushy  or  slender,  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite, 
decussate,  stalked,  entire,  penniveined.  Stipules  small,  within 
the  petiole,  but  not  united,  persistent.  Inflorescences  terminal 
and  axillary,  cymose ;  pedicels  wanting  or  very  short.  Mowers 
small,  dioecious,  parts  in  fours.  Petals  spreading  or  recurved  in 
flower.  Stamens  inserted  between  the  lobes  of  the  disk  ;  anthers 
cordate,  attached  at  the  base.  Staminodes  none  in  the  female 
flower  Disk  in  male  flower  lobed,  in  female  flower  adiiate  to 
the  base  of  the  ovary.  Ovary  in  male  flower  rudimentary  ;  in 
female  flower  4-celled  ;  style  none ;  stigmas  4.  Ovule  solitary 
in  each  cell,  pendulous  from  the  apex  of  the  ovary.  Drupe 
purplish-black,  smooth,  exocarp  thinly  fleshy,  mesocarp  fibrous, 
ample,  endocarp  bony,  '2-4  -celled.  Seeds  solitary  in  a  cell, 
pendulous  from  the  apex  of  the  cell,  without  an  aril,  somewhat 
flattened,  oblong- ellipsoidal ;  endosperm  present.  Embryo  as 
long  as  the  seed ;  cotyledons  flat,  narrowly  lanceolate  ;  radicle 
superior. 

Species  1,  native  of  Jamaica. 


Tetrasiplion 


CELASTEACE.E 


31 


T.  jamaieensis   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  84  (1904).     (Fig.  13.) 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Jan.,  Feb.,  June;  in  fr.  Jan.,  Feb.,  June,  July;  Militia 
Target  Range,  Campbell  I  road  to  Wareka,  200  ft. ;  Albion  Mt.,  St.  Thomas, 
150-200  ft. ;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6501,  8604,  11,865,  11,866,  12,076,  12,077. 

Tree  15-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-5  (2 -5-5 -5)  cm.  1.,  obovate-elliptical, 
elliptical  to  broadly  elliptical,  apex  rounded,  below  gradually  narrowing 


fig.  13. — Tetrasiphon  jamaieensis  Urb. 

A,  End   of   branch  with    leaves  and  D,  Female  flower  x  10. 

flowers  x  £.  E,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  X  10. 

B,  Portion  of  inflorescence  x  5.  F,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise  x  2. 

C,  Male  flower  x  10.  G,  Embryo  x  3. 

into  the  petiole,  margin  flat,  entire  or  subentire,  brownish  on  the  upper 
surface  when  dry,  pale  beneath.  Inflorescences  '5-l'5  cm.  1.,  peduncle 
2-7  mm  1.,  forking  cymosely  once  to  four  times.  Calyx  about  1  mm.  1. 
Petals  greenish-yellow :  male  obovate-oblong  or  oblong,  1  •  8-2  mm.  1.,  female 
ovate-oblong,  2-2-2-5  mm.  1.  Drupe  about  1  cm.  1.,  roundish  ellipsoidal. 

5.  SCELEFFERIA  Jacq. 

Rigid,  glabrous  shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or 
clustered  on  short  spur-like  branches,  small,  entire,  obovate  or 
spathulate,  without  stipules.  Flowers  dioecious  or  sometimes 
monoecious,  axillary,  sessile  or  shortly  stalked,  small,  green  or 
white ;  parts  in  fours.  Calyx  4-parted,  persistent,  segments 


32 


FL01IA    OF   JAMAICA 


Schaefferia 


roundish.  Petals  hypogynous,  oblong,  obtuse.  Stamens  hypo- 
^\'iious  or  inserted  below  the  margin  of  a  small  inconspicuous 
ilNk.  Ovary  '2  celled ;  style  very  short  with  rather  large 
i? -parted  stigma  ;  ovules  solitary  in  the  cells,  erect.  Fruit  a 
>mall  dry  drupe,  2-pyreiied  ;  pyrenes  with  a  thin  roughish  shell. 
Seed  without  aril,  smooth  ;  endosperm  fleshy. 

Species    8,    natives    of    the    West    Indies    and   tropical    and 
subtropical  America. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  acute,  2 -5-6  cm.  1 1.  S.  frntcscens. 

Leaves  obovate,  apex  rounded,  sometimes  emarginate. 

Leaves  !•  5-2 '5. cm.  1 2.  S.  obovata. 

Leaves  -5-1-5  cm.  1 3.  S.  Marchii. 

1.  S.  frutescens  Jacq.  Enum.  PL  Carib.  33  (1760)  &,  Sel. 
Stlrp.  Amer.  259  (1763);  Lam.  Illustr.  t,  809;  Karst.  Fl 
CoJumb.  i.  183,  t.  91  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  146;  Sarg.  Silv.  ii. 
17,  t.  55  ;  Trel.  in  A.  Gr.  Syn.  FL  N.  Am,  i.  pt.  1,  399  :  Small 
FL  S.  E.  U.  St.  736 ;  Umb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  365,  v.  84 ;  Britt.  <i- 
JfiUsp.  Bali.  FL  249.  S.  completa  Sw.  Prodr.  38  (1788)  &  FL 
Ind.  Occ.  327,  t.  7  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  207.  Buxi  folio  majore 
Shane  Cat.  171  &  Hist.  ii.  102,  t.  209, /.  1.  (Fig.  14.) 


C 


Fig.  14. — Schce/eria  frutescens  Jacq 


A.  Fruiting  branch  X  H-  C,  Female  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  7. 

B,  Male  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  7.  D,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

(After  Sargent.) 


CELASTEACE^E  33 

In  fl.  Sept.,  Oct. ;  in  fr.  May-Dec. ;  Stoane  Herb.  vii.  23  &  23* ! 
Swartz ;  hills  north  of  Luidas  Vale,  Prior !  March !  Port  Henderson, 
Campbell '!  base  of  Long  Mt.,  100-250  ft. ;  Great  Goat  Is.  ;  Corby,  Chelsea 
Hill  and  Potsdam  Hill,  St.  Cruz  Mts.,  1500-2200  ft.;  near  Ferry  river; 
Grant's  Pen  near  Yallahs  Bay ;  Lititz  savanna  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6050, 
8925,  9014,  9321,  9589,  9685,  9694,  9801,  10,041,  10,642,  11,767.— Florida 
(incl.  Keys),  Bahamas,  \Yest  Indies  as  far  south  as  Grenada,  Mexico, 
Ecuador. 

SJirub  6-10  ft.  high,  or  tree  to  20  ft.  high  ;  branches  striate  with  raised 
lines.  Leaves  2-5-6  cm.  1.,  broadly  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  acute  or 
subacuminate,  thinly  leathery.  Flowers  solitary  or  a  few  in  a  cluster, 
greenish  or  yellow.  Pedicels  1-3  mm.  1.  in  n.,  1-6  mm.  1.  in  fr.  Calyx 
•7-1  mm.  1.,  segments  roundish.  Petals  elliptical  or  oblong,  3-4  mm.  1. 
Drupe  4-6  mm.  1.,  spherical  to  ovoid,  bright  scarlet  to  orange-scarlet. 

2.  S.  obovata  Urb.  Sumb.  Ant.  v.  405  (1908). 

In  fr.  July-Sept. ;  between  Rock  Fort  and  mouth  of  Hope  river ;  Harris ! 
Fl.  Jam.  9384,  10,820. 

Shrub  5-6  ft.  high.  Leaves  1*5-2 '5  cm.  1.,  broadly  to  narrowly 
obovate,  apex  rounded,  papery.  Flowers  greenish-yellow  (only  female  ns. 
from  which  the  petals  had  dropped,  seen  by  us).  Pedicels  2-3(4-5)  mm.  1. 
Calyx  -6- -7  mm.  1.,  segments  oblong  or  roundish-triangular.  Drupe 
3'5  mm.  1.,  ovoid  or  ellipsoidal,  green  and  orange,  shortly  beaked  with  the 
persistent  style. 

3.  S.  Marehii  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  710  (1864)  (name  only)  ; 
Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  v.  86.     A  specimen  from  March  in  Herb.  Ke\v.. 
named  by  Grisebach. 

In  fr.  Sept.;  March  I  Windward  road,  east  of  Rock  Fort,  Harris  I 
Fl.  Jam.  9383. 

Shrub  8  ft.  high.  Leaves  '5-1-5  cm.  1.,  broadly  to  narrowly  obovate, 
apex  rounded,  generally  emarginate,  papery-leathery.  Flowers  not  seen. 
Pedicels  in  fruit  0-1  mm.  1.  Drupe  with  4  persistent  roundish  sepals^ 
roundish-ellipsoidal,  3*5-4  mm.  1. 

6.  EL.EQDENDRON  Jacq.  f. 

Glabrous  shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  opposite  and 
alternate,  entire  or  crenate.  Stipules  minute.  Flowers  her- 
maphrodite or  more  or  less  unisexual,  dioecious  in  E.  dicecum,  in 
cymes  011  axillary  peduncles,  parts  in  fours  or  fives.  Stamens  in 
the  female  flowers  petal-like  in  West  Indian  species.  Disk 
thick,  with  4  or  5  lobes.  Ovary  pyramidal,  confluent  with  the 
disk,  generally  3-comered,  3-(2-5)-celled ;  style  very  short; 
stigma  with  2-5  lobes.  Ovules  2  in  each  cell,  erect  from  the 
base.  Drupe  dry  or  pulpy ;  stone  1-3-celled ;  cells  with  one 
seed,  sometimes  two.  Seeds  erect,  without  an  aril. 

Species  about  60,  dispersed  throughout  the  tropics. 

E.  dioeeum  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Incl.  709  (1864).  E.  attenu- 
atum  Griseb.  op.  cit.  145  (1859)  (in  part,  as  regards  the  Jamaican 
specimen  only)  (11011  A.  Rich.).  E.  xylocarpum  DC.  var.  dicecum 

V.  D 


34 


OF    .JAMAICA 


Elwoclendron 


Url.  Sipitb.  Ant.  r.  S'.l  (1904).     Freziera(?)  dioica  Mncf.  Jam.  i.  115 
(1837).     (Fig.  15.) 

In  fl.  May;  Tweedside  road,  opposite  Sheldon  Works,  Port  Royal  Mts., 
Macfadyen] 

Tree  about  20  ft.  high.  Leaves  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
elliptical  or  oblong-eliptical,  apex  rounded,  or  very  shortly  acuminate, 
base  wedge-shaped  to  very  obtuse,  distantly  serrate-crenate,  7-10  cm.  L, 
3 '5-6  cm.  br. ;  petiole  7-12  mm.  1.  Peduncles  :  male  about  as  long  as  the 
petiole,  forking  2-4  times,  with  numerous  flowers.  Male  flower  :  Sepals, 
petals,  stamens  5.  Ovary  sterile.  Female  shorter  than  the  petiole, 


Fig.  15. — Elceodendron  dicccum  Griseb.  v.  dolichocarpum. 

C,  Female  flower  x  5. 

D,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  5. 


A,  Portion  of  twig  with  leaf  and 
inflorescence  X  '-. 


B,  Male  flower  X  5. 


E,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise  x 


bearing  about  eight  small  greenish  shortly  pedicelled  flowers  in  a  head. 
Female  flov:cr :  Sepals  4-5,  rounded.  Petals  4-5,  elliptical,  obtuse. 
Staminodes  petaloid,  alternating  with  petals,  oblong,  obtuse,  spreading, 
inserted  on  a  hypogynous  disk.  Ovary  conical ;  stigma  obtuse,  subentire. 
Drupe  (fide  Macfadyen),  size  of  a  gooseberry,  globose ;  stone  2-celled,  with 
one  cell  undeveloped.  Seeds  solitary,  globose,  compressed. 

Var.  obovatum  (Url.  loc.  cit.  under  E.  xylocarpum)  ;  leaves 
elliptical,  sometimes  more  or  less  obovate,  apex  shortly  and 
subabruptly  acuminate,  base  obtuse  to  acute,  8-10  cm.  1., 


Elceodendron  CELASTEACE^E  35 

4 '5-6  *5    cm.  br. ;    drupe    obovoid    or    obovoid -globular,     apex 
rounded,  1  •  7-2  cm.  1.,  1  •  2-1  •  8  cm.  br.,  pale  yellow. 

In  fr.  Feb.-July ;  above  Gordon  Town;  Content  road,  1200ft.;  Hall's 
Delight,   St.  Andrew,  1200  ft. ;    Maryland  road   to  Newcastle,  1200  ft. 
Walderston,  2600  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5578,  5881,  10,108,  10,143,  12,756. 

Var.  aeuminatum  ( Urb.  loc.  cit.  under  E.  xylocarpum) ;  leaves 
elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong,  apex  acuminate  or  rounded  apiculate, 
base  somewhat  acute,  10-15  cm.  1.,  3*5-6  cm.  br. ;  drupe  ovoid, 
apex  obtuse,  2 '2-2* 5  cm.  1.,  1*5-1*8  cm.  thick;  bushy  tree, 
20  ft.  high. 

In  fl.  June ;  Clydesdale,  Blue  Mts.,  3500  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5755. 

Var.  doliehoearpum  (Z7r&.  torn.  cit.  90  under  E.  xylocarpum):, 
leaves  ovate  or  elliptical,  apex  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate, 
base  acute  or  narrowed  into  the  stalk,  8-12  cm.  1.,  4-6 '5  cm.br.; 
drupe  ellipsoidal  or  oblong-ellipsoidal,  apex  obtuse,  2-3  cm.  1., 
1-1  *  5  cm.  thick. 

In  fl.  April ;  in  fr.  Aug.-Nov. ;  Chester  Vale  and  neighbourhood, 
Blue  Mts.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5125,  5325,  5437. 

The  East  Indian  species  E.  glaucum  Pers.  has  been  introduced  into 
Jamaica,  but  is  readily  distinguished  from  West  Indian  species  by  the  lax 
inflorescence  as  long  as  the  leaves,  by  the  hermaphrodite  flowers,  and  the 
2-celled  ovary. 


FAMILY  LVII.  HIPPOCRATEACE^. 

Small  trees  or  climbing  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite ;  stipules 
small,  deciduous  or  wanting.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  panicles 
or  cymes,  greenish  or  white.  Calyx  small,  with  5  segments, 
imbricate.  Petals  5,  spreading,  imbricate,  sometimes  valvate. 
Stamens  generally  3 ;  filaments  flattened,  inserted  within  the 
disk,  free  or  sometimes  attached  to  the  base  of  the  ovary, 
recurved  or  reflexed  at  the  apex ;  anthers  2-4-celled,  cells  at 
length  confluent,  opening  on  the  outside.  Disk  conspicuous. 
Ovary  3-celled ;  style  short,  with  a  3-lobed  stigma;  ovules  2—10 
in  each  cell  generally  attached  axially  at  the  base.  In  Hippo- 
cratea  the  ovary  has  3  protuberances  from  its  angles,  which 
continue  to  grow,  so  that  the  3  ripe  carpels  are  united  at  the 
base,  compressed,  leathery,  2-valved  or  indehiscent,  with  few 
seeds  in  the  cells.  In  Hippocratea,  seeds  compressed,  usually 
winged  below ;  endosperm  wanting ;  embryo  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  seed ;  cotyledons  large,  flat. 

Species,  about  200,  dispersed  through  the  tropical  and  sub- 
tropical regions  of  the  world,  except  in  the  islands  of  the 
Pacific. 

D  2 


o  a 
DO 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Hippocra  tea 


HIPPOCRATEA  L. 

Description  the  same  as  of  the  family. 

Species,  about  100,  with  distribution  of  the  family. 

H.  oblongata   Solander  (ms.    descript.   in  Herb.   Mus.   Brit.) 
in   Ti'<ins.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  36-  (1872).     Hippocratea 


ex 


Tig.  16. — Hippocratea  oNongata  Solander. 

A,  Twig  with  leaves  and  inflorescence  X  \.        F,  Ripe  fruit  of  ditto  x  \. 

B,  Flower-bud  x  4. 

C,  Flower  X  3. 


G,  A  single  valve  of  one  of  the  capsules 
X 


D,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  with  petals  cut        H,  Pedicel,  receptacle  and  four  seeds  from 


off  X  10. 

E,  Ovary  of  H.  volubilis  L.,  cut  length- 
wise through  two  of  the  cells  as  the 
fruit  has  begun  to  form,  enlarged. 


which  the  two  valves  have  fallen  off 
X  ?• 
I,  Embryo,  nat.  size. 

(E-I  after  Miers.) 


A.  Robinson  ms.  &  quoted  in  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  373.     H.  ovata  ? 
Hacf.  Jam.  i.  142  (1837)  (non  Lam.) ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  148 


Hippocratea  HIPPOCRATEACE.E  3  7 

(in  part).  H.  malpighia^folia  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (1859)  (in  part) 
(non  Rudge}.  H.  lancifolia  Wilson  ex  Tr.  &  Planch,  in  Ann.  Sc. 
Nat.  ser.  5,  xvi.  372  (1872).  Pristimera  oblongata  Miers  loc.  cit. 
P.  granulosa  Miers  torn.  cit.  363  (1873).  Hyleiiaea  jamaicensis 
Miers  torn.  cit.  369.  Romualdea  lancifolia  Tr.  <£•  Planch,  loc.  cit.  ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  98. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  spring;  Jamaica,  without  locality,  Shakspeari  banks  of 
Cabaritta  river,  Eobinson ;  near  Ginger  Hall  Works,  St.  Thomas  in  the 
East,  Macfadyen  !  Wilson  !  (Fig.  16.)  Type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Shrub,  climbing.  Stem  jointed.  Leaves  6-15  cm.  1.,  2-5 '2  cm.  br., 
oblong-  or  ovate-elliptical,  apex  acute,  base  obtuse,  entire,  network  of 
nerves  and  veins  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides ;  petiole  5-10  mm.  1. 
Inflorescence  2  •  5-3  cm.  1.,  with  8  or  9  flowers  ;  peduncle  slender,  1-1  •  5  cm.  1. 
Flowers  pale  yellow,  very  fragrant.  Calyx :  larger  segments  semicircular, 
about  1'5  mm.  1.,  outer  smaller.  Petals  obovate,  4-5  mm.  1.,  3  mm.  br., 
margin  undulate-denticulate.  Disk  somewhat  cup-shaped,  5-lobed,  half 
as  long  as  calyx.  Stamens  twice  as  long  as  the  disk.  Ovary  roundish ; 
style  cylindrical,  short.  Capsules  (fide  Eobinson) ;  largest  4  cm.  1., 
3  era.  br.,  ovate,l  compressed  with  many  branched  veins  running  from  the 
base  to  the  margins  and  apex,  splitting  lengthwise  into  2  valves,  generally 
with  2  seeds.  Seeds  (fide  Eobinson),  excessively  bitter,  as  are  the  leaves, 
ovate,  "  each  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  valve  to  a  small  receptacle,  with 
a  margin  running  down  their  interior  parts,  ending  in  a  narrow  tail  or 
appendicle  at  the  base." 

The  granulose  character  of  the  leaf  surface  in  Macfadyen's  and  Wilson's 
specimens  on  which  Miers  based  his  P.  granulosa,  is  shown  by  examination 
to  be  pathological. 


FAMILY  LYIII.    STAPHYLEACE^. 

Glabrous  trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  generally  opposite,  pinnate 
with  an  odd  leaflet,  generally  with  stipules  and  stipell?e.  Panicles 
spreading,  terminal  or  axillary.  Flowers  small,  regular,  herma- 
phrodite. Calyx  5-lobed,  imbricate.  Petals  5,  imbricate.  Stamens  5, 
inserted  outside  the  disk.  Disk  crenate  or  lobed.  Ovary  generally 

«/     O  »j 

3-lobed,  3- celled ;  styles  3,  free  or  united  ;  ovules  few  or  many  in 
each  cell  on  a  central  axis.  Fruit  sometimes  capsular,  in  Turpinia 
iiidehiscent,  somewhat  globular,  crowned  by  the  remains  of  the 
styles,  fleshy  or  leathery,  3-celled ;  cells  with  few  or  many 
seeds.  Seeds  with  hard  coat,  fleshy  endosperm,  and  plano-convex 
cotyledons. 

Species  about  25,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  zone,  spreading 
southwards  to  the  tropics. 

TURPINIA  Vent. 

Calyx  persistent.  Petals  broadly  spathulate  to  roundish. 
Filaments  flattened.  Disk  large.  Seed  with  polished  coat. 

Species    13,  natives  of  the  West   Indies,  Central   America, 


38 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Turpinia 


mountains  of  India  to  southern  China,  and  the  Malayan  Archi- 
pelago. 

T.  oeeidentalis  G.  Don  Gen,  Syst.  ii.  3  (1832);  Griseb.  Fl. 
Br.  W.  Ind.  128  (excl.  syn.  Slonne  &  Vent.);  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv. 
368.  Scaphylea  oeeidentalis  Sw.  Prodr.  55  (1788)  &  FL  Lid. 
Occ.  566  (excl.  syn.  Sloane  &  Pluk.) ;  A.  Robinson  ms.  &  ic.  ined. ; 


Fig.  17.— Turpinia  oeeidentalis  G.  Don. 

A,  End  of  twig  with  flowers  and  leaves       C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  5. 

X  \.  D,  Fruit  cut  across  x  1J. 

B,  Flower  X  5.  E,  Seed  cut  length  wise,  enlarged. 

(E  after  Engler.) 

DO.  Prodr.  ii.  3  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  203  (excl.  syn.  Sloane).  S  ?  corym- 
bosa  DC.  loc.  cit.  (1825).  (Fig.  17.)  Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Iron  Wood,  Cassada  Wood,  Wild  Cassad a,  Mutton  Wood. 

In  fl.  April-June   and   autumn;   Wright  I  Swartz !  Macfadyenl  Pedro 

woods,  St.  Ann,  Purdiel   Wilson  \   Moneague,  Priori   March  I   Cinchona, 


Tiirpinia  STAPHYLEACE.K  39 

J.P.  600;  Claverty  Cottage,  J.P.  2019;  Hart  I  Cinchona;  Vinegar  Hill; 
Fawcettl  Bryans  Hill;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5392,  8150, 
9354. — Porto  Rico  (?),  Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Vincent, 
Grenada,  Guatemala. 

Tree  20-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  with  1-3  pairs  of  leaflets  ;  stipules  incon- 
spicuous ;  leaflets  ovate  or  elliptical,  acuminate,  crenate-serrate,  stipellate, 
4-8  cm.  1.  Panicles  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  leaf.  Flowers  white, 
fragrant.  Sepals  varying  in  size  and  form,  three  outer  3,  3 '5,  and  4  mm.  1., 
elliptical,  two  inner  4  mm.  1.,  petal-like,  somewhat  spathulate-roundish. 
Petals  varying  in  size  and  form,  4-5  mm.  1.,  spathulate  to  roundish- 
elliptical.  Filaments  varying  in  length  and  breadth,  4 '5-3* 5  mm.  1. ; 
anthers  1'3  mm.  1.  Disk  lobed.  Drupe  to  1*5  cm.  in  diam.,  3-mucronate  ; 
points  (remains  of  styles)  distant.  Seed  :  coat  thick,  woody. 

Swartz's  specimen  shows  that  he  was  in  error  in  describing  the  leaves 
as  alternate,  and  duplicate-pinnate. 


FAMILY  LIX.    ICACINACE^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  entire  or  with 
wavy  margin,  without  stipules.  Inflorescence  (in  New  World 
species  of  Mappia)  lax  axillary  paniculate  cymes.  Flowers  minute, 
polygamous  (in  Mappia) ;  parts  in  fives,  rarely  fours.  Calyx 
small,  not  enlarged  in  fruit.  Petals  generally  free,  hypogynous, 
valvate.  Stamens  alternate  with  the  petals,  and  inserted  with 
them.  Disk  cup-shaped  or  5-lobed.  Carpels  usually  3,  united ; 
ovary  usually  1 -celled  by  non-development;  ovules  2,,  pendulous; 
styles  undeveloped  or  united.  Fruit  a  drupe,  1 -celled,  1 -seeded. 
Seed  pendulous  ;  endosperm  fleshy. 

Species  over  100,  natives  of  the  tropics. 

MAPPIA  Jacq. 

Calyx  toothed.  Petals  hairy  inside.  Filaments  glabrous. 
Ovary  1 -celled.  Embryo  rather  large  ;  cotyledons  foliaceous. 

Species  about  12,  natives  of  tropical  S.  America,  West  Indies, 
India,  and  Ceylon. 

M.  raeemosa  Jacq.  Hort.  Schoenbr.  i.  22,  t.  47  (1797);  Miers 
in  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  2,  ix.  394  &  Contr.  i.  64 ;  Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  310;  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  ic.  367.  M.  aflinis  Miers 
loc.  cit.  (1852).  Icacina  dubia  Macf.  Jam.  i.  122  (1837).  (Fig.  18.) 

In  fl.  May,  June,  Sept.,  Oct.;  Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  St.  David,  mts. ; 
Macfadyen !  Manchester,  Purdie !  Grier  Park,  St.  Ann,  Prior !  Green 
Valley,  2000  ft.,  J.P.  1342,  Morris  I  also  Harris  I  Bryans  Hill,  3000  ft.; 
Westphalia  road,  3500  ft.  ;  Mansfield,  Bath ;  Schwallenberg,  St.  Ann ; 
Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5387,  5506,  5761,  5876, 
6008;  6511,  7043,  11,193.— Cuba,  Porto  Eico. 

Shrub  or  tree  6-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  8-15  cm.  1.,  lanceolate-oblong, 
often  with  a  gland  in  the  nerve  axils  beneath.  Panicles  somewhat  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Petals  oblong,  thickened  at  apex,  4  mm.  1.,  yellowish. 
Disk  obtusely  5-lobed,  glabrous.  Drupe  1'6-1'S  cm.  1. 


40 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


A,  Flowering  twig  x  '-. 
\'>,  Male  flower  x  5. 


Fig.  18. — Mappia  racemosa  Jacq. 

C,  Hermaphrodite  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  10. 

D,  Drupe  cut  lengthwise,  slightly  enlarged. 


FAMILY  LX.    SAPINDACE^. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  rarely  shrubby  herbs,  sometimes  climbing  by 
tendrils.  Leaves  alternate,  without  stipules  (stipules  present  in 
Paullinia  and  sometimes  in  Serjanid),  abruptly  pinnate  or  with 
an  odd  leaflet,  sometimes  biternate,  3-  or  1-foliolate.  Racemes, 
or  panicles,  sometimes  corymbose,  generally  axillary,  sometimes 
terminal.  Flowers  generally  small  and  polygamo-dicecious, 
regular  or  irregular.  Sepals  4  or  5,  generally  imbricate.  Petals 
4  or  5,  sometimes  wanting,  imbricate,  sometimes  with  scales  on 
the  inside.  Disk  complete  in  the  regular  flowers  (wanting  or 
small  in  Dodoncea),  represented  by  2  or  4  glands  in  the  irregular 
flowers.  Stamens  generally  8,  usually  hypogynous  and  inserted 
within  the  disk,  sometimes  placed  on  one  side.  Ovary  3-celled 
(2-celled  in  AUoplnjlus  and  2-3-celled  in  Melicocca).  Ovules  1 
(or  2)  in  each  cell,  attached  to  the  axis.  Fruit  capsular  or 
indehiscent,  drupaceous,  baccate,  or  leathery,  or  composed  in 


Serjania  SAPINDACE.E  41 

Serjania  of  3  samaras.     Seeds  without  endosperm,  generally  with 
an  aril. 

Species  about  1,050,  mostly  natives  of  warmer  regions  of  the 
world. 

Plants  climbing  by  tendrils. 
Leaves  twice  3-foliolate. 

Fruit  composed  of  3  samaras  united  in  the  axis       1.  Serjania. 

Capsule  3-valved,  leatbery 2.  Paullinia. 

Capsule  of  3  inflated  membranous  lobes 3.  Cardiospermum. 

Plants  not  climbing. 
Leaves  3-foliolate. 

Petioles  not  margined. 

Flowers  irregular 4.  Allopliylus. 

Flowers  regular 10.  Exothea. 

Petioles  margined.     Flowers  regular  9.  Hypelate. 

Leaves  abruptly  pinnate. 
Sepals  and  petals  5. 
Fruit  not  splitting  open. 

Fruit  a  1-seeded  berry-like  drupe,  with  the 

second  cell  undeveloped 10.  Exothea. 

Fruit  fleshy,  usually  of  1  coccus,  the  other 

two  undeveloped   5.  Sapindns. 

Fruit  splitting  open. 

Capsule  dry  6.   Cupania. 

[Capsule  fleshy Blighia.] 

Sepals  5,  petals  rudimentary.     Capsule  with  1-3 

compressed,  2-valved  lobes 7.  Matayba. 

[Sepals  and  petals  4.     Drupel-celled,  1-seeded...          Melicocca.] 

Leaves  simple  (1  foliolate).     Capsule  3-winged 8.  Dodonaa. 

§  A,  Flowers  irregular.  Petals  4,  the  place  of  the  fifth 
vacant.  Disk  represented  by  2  or  4  glands.  Stamens 
unilateral. 

1.  SERJANIA  Plum,  ex  Schum. 

Shrubs  climbing  by  peduncular  or  axillary  tendrils  ;  epidermis 
with  mucous  in  Jamaican  species.  Leaves  biternate  and  with 
pellucid  dots  in  Jamaican  species,  without  stipules  or  with  minute 
stipules.  Racemes  or  panicles  axillary.  Flowers  polygamous, 
rather  small  and  white  in  Jamaican  species.  Sepals  5  (or  some- 
times 4),  2  more  or  less  united,  tomentose,  imbricate,  the  outer 
smaller.  Petals  bearing  a  scale,  the  scales  of  the  two  inferior 
petals  appendaged  at  the  apex.  Disk  glands  :  2  larger  and 
2  smaller,  the  latter  sometimes  not  developed.  Stamens  8. 
Style  3-lobed.  Fruit  of  3  samaras,  broadly  winged  below, 
united  in  the  axis,  with  indehiscent  cells  at  the  apex.  Seed 
with  a  very  small  aril  ;  embryo  incurved  ;  cotyledons  incumbent, 
the  inner  transversely  folded. 

Species  nearly  200,  natives  of  the  \Yest  Indies,  tropical 
America,  and  subtropical  S.  America 


42 


OF   JAMAICA 


i  '.ranches  5-angled,  generally  thorny.    Common  petioles 
naked  or  lined  by  a  narrow  margin,  partial  petioles 

with  a  broader  margin    1.  S.  mexia 

Branches   3-cornered   or   nearly   terete.     Petioles  not 
margined. 

Fruit  about  1-3  cm.  1 2.  S. 

Fruit  about  2'5  cm.  L.  3.  S. 


1.  S.  mexieana  Willd,  Sp.  PL  /'/.  405  (1799) ;  branches 
•Vangled,  generally  thorny  ;  common  petiole  of  leaves  naked  or 
lined  by  a  very  narrow  margin,  partial  petioles  with  a  broader 


Fig.  19.— Serjania  mexieana  Willd. 

A,  Leaf  and  portion  of  raceme  in  fruit       'D,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

E,  Samara  with  seed  cut  lengthwise 


X 

B,  Male  flower  x  4. 

C,  Stamen  x  11. 


X  U. 


(A  after  Schumacher.) 


margin  ;  fruit  in  section  2-2  •  7  cm.  1.,  1  •  4-1  •  8  cm.  br.  near  base, 
oblong  or  ovate,  base  cordate,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  constricted 
below  the  cells,  generally  glabrous  ;  cells  5-6  mm.  }.,  glabrous 
within. — R«(1R\  Monogr.  Serj.  235  &  Suppl.  124.  S.  divaricata 
Schurn.  in  Skrivt.  Naturli.  Selsk.  Kjoeb.  Hi.  p.  2,  126,  t.  12,  /.  2 
(1794)  ;  Willd.  torn.  cit.  464  ;  Macf.  Jam,  i.  157  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W.  Ind.  123  (excl.  specimen  from  March}.  S.  spectabilis  Sclmm. 
torn.  cit.  127,  t.  12,  /.  4  ;  Willd,  torn.  cit.  465.  Paullinia  mexieana 


Serjania  SAPDsDACE.E  43 

L.  Sp.  PL  366  (1753)  (excl.  syn.  Plum.) ;  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  ii. 
216.  P.  caribrea  Jacg.  0/;s.  .Bof.  j;*.  3,  l'l,  t.  62,  /.  7  (1768). 
P.  divaricata  Sw.  Prodr.  64  (1788)  &  .FY.  Jwrf.'  Occ.  696. 
(Fig.  19.)  Specimens  from  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and 
one  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Wright !  Brougliton  \  Clarendon,  Robinson  ;  Swartz  ;  Port  Royal  Mts., 
Macfadyenl  Distinl  Fairfield,  Wullsclilaegcl  (under  S.  liicida  Schum.  in 
Griseb.  loc.  cit.),  Wilson  !  Priori  Hope  Mines,  750  ft. ;  Potsdam,  2600  ft.  ; 
Hope  estate,  650  ft.;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  8364,  9818,  10,804.— Central 
America,  Colombia,  Venezuela. 

Stem  and  branches  glabrous  or  pubescent.  Leaves  :  lower  about  3  drn.  1., 
becoming  gradually  smaller  upwards  and  sometimes  not  fully  developed  ; 
leaflets  6-13  cm.  L,  elliptical,  ovate,  obovate,  or  oblong,  terminal  narrowed 
at  the  base,  apex  obtuse  or  retuse,  acute,  or  acuminate,  subentire  or  with 
2-4  blunt  teeth  on  each  side,  glabrous  or  pubescent  beneath,  sessile  ; 
petioles  sometimes  thorny  beneath.  Racemes  solitary  (S.  spectabilis)  or 
paniculate  with  divaricate  branches  (S.  divaricata).  Sepals  covered  with 
white  tomentum,  the  inner  3  mm.  1.  with  two  (third  and  fifth)  united  at 
the  base,  the  outer  shorter.  Petals  a  little  shorter  than  the  sepals  ;  scales 
(excl.  the  crest)  'about  half  as  long  as  the  petals,  margin  hairy,  two  (the 
upper)  with  a  broad  emarginate  crest,  and  an  appendage  turned  down, 
more  than  half  as  long  as  the  scale,  hairy.  Seed  inserted  below  the  middle 
of  the  cell,  lens-shaped. 

2.  S.  Isevigata    PadUc.   in    Urb.   Symb.   Ant.  i.   347   (1899)  ; 
branches   3-angled  or  nearly  terete  ;    leaflets  broadly   ovate  to 
narrowly  elliptical,  obtuse  or  emarginate,  base  narrowed  into  the 
short  petiolule,  subentire,  occasionally  with  a  very  short  tooth  or 
shallow   notch,   leathery ;    petioles   not    margined ;    fruit    about 
1  •  3    cm.    1.,    cordate-ovate,    apex    retuse,  somewhat    constricted 
below  the  cells  ;  cells  5  m.  1.,  3-cornered,  with  broad  partition 
wall,  keeled   on  the  back,  slightly  crested,  puberulous,  hairy  on 
internal  walls. 

In  fl.  Oct.,  in  fr.  Jan. ;  near  Wareka,  400-800  ft. ;  Spur  Tree  Hill, 
2000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6679,  9024,  9860. 

Stem  and  branches,  very  young  parts  and  the  inflorescence  puberulous. 
Leaves,  upper  12-14  cm.  1. ;  leaflets,  terminal  6*5-8  cm.  1.,  glabrous  on 
upper  surface  and  also  beneath  except  for  a  minute  hairy  tuft  in  the 
axils  of  the  nerves.  Panicle  10-15  cm.  1.  Sepals  with  white  tomentum  : 
two  outer  3 -5-4  mm.  L,  roundish  to  roundish-elliptical,  inner  4-4*5  mm.  L, 
broadly  elliptical,  concave,  two  slightly  connected  at  base.  Petals  about 
5  mm.  1.,  obovate  with  a  small  claw;  scales  (excluding  the  crest)  about 
half  as  long  as  the  petals,  margin  hairy,  two  (the  upper)  with  a  broad 
semicircular  crest,  and  an  appendage  turned  down,  more  than  half  as  long 
as  the  scale,  hairy,  the  lower  scales  with  crest  only.  Fruit  at  base  10-14 
mm.  br.,  at  the  cells  7-8  mm.  br.  Seed  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  cell, 
obovoid,  5  mm.  1. 

3.  S.  equestris  Mac/.  Jam.  L  156  (1837);  branches  3-angled; 
leaflets    ovate,    apex    subacuminate,    acumen    somewhat    blunt, 
sometimes     retuse.     apiculate,     base    narrowed,     distantly     and 
bluntly  toothed    above    the    middle,    sessile,    sometimes    shortly 
stalked,  papery ;  petioles  not  margined  ;  fruit  about  2  •  5  cm.  1. 


44  FLOi.'A   "F  JAMAICA  Serjania 

cordate,  ovate  ;  cells  about  1  cm.  1.,  densely  and  shortly 
pubescent,  with  reddish  hairs  on  internal  walls. — Radlk.  Mt>n<H/r. 
Serf.  I'lC).  S.  paniculata  Gristib.  FL  7>Y.  W.  Ltd.  123  (1859) 
(in  part,  as  regards  the  Jamaican  specimen)  (non  KnutJt). 
S.  divaricata  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (in  part,  as  regards  specimens  from 
M<(rcJt  (non  Schum.).  Specimen  from  Macfadyen  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Mountain   Supple   Jack. 

Macfatlycnl  M<ircJt\  Wilson  \  David's  Hill,  St.  Andrew;  near  Maho- 
gany Vale  Bridge,  1500  ft.;  Robertsfield ;  Bryan's  Hill;  H<irri*\  5519, 
"  •>,  6039,  6079,  6548. 

Stem-  and  branches,  young  puberulous,  adult  glabrate.  Leaflets  about 
5  cm.  L,  terminal  larger,  subrbomboid,  glabrous  on  upper  surface  and  also 
beneatb  except  for  a  minute  hairy  tuft  in  tbe  axils  of  the  nerves.  Sepals 
covered  witb  white  tomentum,  the  outer  two  small,  roundish,  the  three 
inner  three  times  longer  than  the  outer,  obovate-roundish,  witb  2  cohering. 
Petals  nearly  tbe  same  size  as  the  larger  sepals.  Seed  obovoid,  inserted 
near  tbe  base  of  the  cell. 

S.  angustifolia  Willd.  Sp.  PL  ii.  466  (1799),  Eadlk.  torn.  cit.  348,  remark- 
able for  its  linear-lanceolate  leaflets  and  foliaceous  petioles,  is  said  by 
Descourtilz  (FL  Ant.  iv.  17,  t.  237)  to  occur  in  Jamaica,  but  is  unknown 
except  by  the  descriptions  and  drawings  of  Plumier  (PL  Amer.  Burm.  103, 
t.  113, /.  1)  and  Descourtilz. 

2.  PAULLINIA  L. 

Shrubs  climbing  by  peduncular  or  axillary  tendrils.  Leaves 
biternate  and  with  partial  petioles  winged  in  Jamaican  species  ; 
stipules  deciduous.  Inflorescence  a  thyrse,  axillary.  Flowers 
small  polygamo-dicecious.  Sepals  minutely  puberulous,  5,  two 
outer  smaller,  two  of  the  inner  sepals  (third  and  fifth)  more  or 
less  united,  imbricate.  Petals  4,  the  place  of  the  tifth  vacant, 
each  with  a  crested  hooded  scale  on  the  inside,  the  scales  of  the 
upper  petals  with  a  tongue-like  appendage  below  the  apex, 
pointing  downwards,  bearded  below.  Disk  with  4  glands,  the 
two  larger  opposite  the  smaller  petals.  Stamens  8,  inserted  at 
the  anterior  side  of  the  flower.  Style  with  3  stigmas.  Fruit 
capsular,  septifragally  3-valved,  valves  3-winged  or  3-6-ribbed, 
reddish  or  yellow,  3-  or  2-1-seeded,  leathery.  Seed  arillate  : 
embryo  curved.  Supple  Jack. 

Species  about  150,  natives  of  tropical  America,  a  few  of  the 
\Vest  Indies,  one  wide-spread  species  extends  to  tropical  Africa, 
including  Madagascar. 

Leaflets  entire  or  crenulate.     Capsule  3-winged 1.  P.  barbadensis. 

Leaflets  serrate.     Capsule  3-6-ribbed    2.  P.  jamaiccnsis. 

1.  P.  barbadensis  Jacq.  Emun.  PL  Carib.  36  (1760)  &  Obs. 
Sot.  Hi.  12,  t.  62,  /'.  9.  Schum.  in  Shrivt.  Naturli.  SehJc.  Kjoeb.  Hi. 
pt.  2.  123,  t.  9,  /3,  t.  10,  /.  6.  Grlseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  124; 
Radlk.  Monogr.  Paul,  in  Abli.  K.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.  xix.  293 


Paullinia 


SAPINDACE^: 


45 


(1896).  P.  pinnata  L.  Sp.  PL  366  (1753)  (only  as  regards  syn. 
Sloane,  and  hab.  Jamaica)  ;  Wright  Mem.  267.  P.  seriana 
Gaertn.  Fnict.  381,  t.  79,  a-li  (1788)  (excl.  syn.;  (non.  L.). 
P.  foliis  biternatis  &c.  A.  Robinson  ms.  &  Ic.  ined.  Pisum 
cordatum  non  vesicarium  Sloar/e  Cat.  Ill  &,  Hist.  t.  239 
(in  part,  as  regards  description  of  leaves  and  fruit,  excluding 


Fig.  20. — Paullinia  Larbadensis  Jacq. 

A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  X  %. 

B,  Male  flower  in  hud  opened  out  X  4. 

C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  7. 

D,  Petal  (upper)  and  scale  from  front  and 

side  x  6. 


E,  Petal  (lower)  and  scale  from  front  and 

side  x  6. 

F,  Capsule  X  H. 

G,  Ditto  with  valves  fallen,  showing  two 

seeds  and  one  undeveloped  x  li. 


description  of  seeds).  (Fig.  20.)  Specimen  from  Jacquin  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  in  Solander's  hand  P.  mexicana. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  103 !  Houstonn !  Browne  \  Wright !  Broughton  ! 
Shakspear !  Bertero ;  Macfadyen !  March !  Wilson ;  J.  P.  1008,  Hart !  near 
Wareka,  400  ft. ;  Harris  !  Windward  Road,  near  Hope  River  ;  Harris  & 
Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  6583,  10,795. — Barbados  (fide  Jacquin,  at  present  known 
only  as  a  garden  plant). 

Shrub  glabrous.  Leaves  0-8  cm.  1.  ;  leaflets  upper  3-5  cm.  1.,  lower 
scarcely  1  cm.  L,  elliptical,  obtuse,  narrowed  to  the  base,  terminal 
generally  obovate,  all  sessile,  entire  or  crenulate,  thinly  leathery,  common 
petiole  1-2  cm.  1.,  not  margined,  partial  petioles  margined  or  narrowly 
winged,  a  little  longer  or  shorter  than  the  common  petiole.  Inflorescence 
solitary,  3-15  cm.  L,  pedunculate  or  sessile.  Sepals  outer  2  mm.  1.,  inner 


40  FLOKA  OF  JAMAICA  Paullinia 

3  min.  1.  Petals  elliptical,  3'5-4  nun.  1.  l-'i  laments  hairy.  Capsule 
3-winged,  1-4-1-7  cm.  1.,  1-2-1-5  cm.  br. ;  valves  semi-elliptical  to 
semicircular.  Sc,d  6-7  Him.  1. 

The  branches  of  species  of  Paullinia,  called  "  Supple  Jacks,"  are 
flexible  and  tough;  they  are  used  as  riding  switches  and  walking  sticks. 
The  seeds  are  said  to  possess  the  property  of  intoxicating  fish. 

2.  P.  jamaieensis  M<«-i'.  .///„,.  /.  158  (1837);  RadUc.  Mon<></>-. 
Paul.  //?  AIL  K.  Bayer.  AJcad.  117**.  xix.  198  (1896). 
P.  sarmentosa  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  212.  P.  inexieana  L.  Halt. 
(in  Solander's  hand)  (non  Sp.  PI.)  no.  4,  specimen  affixed  on 
left,  probably  collected  by  .Browne,  named  "  curassavica "  by 
J.  E.  Smith.  Griseb.  Joe.  cit.  (sub  P.  curassavica  Jacq.  excl.  hab. 
N.  Grenada) ;  Pisum  decimum  «fcc.  Sloane  Cat.  110  &  Hist.  i.  238 
(in  part,  as  regards  description  of  leaves,  excluding  description 
of  fruit  and  seeds).  Planta  fruticosa  scandens  ex  cujus  caule 
scipiones  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  214  &  Hist.  ii.  185,  t.  231,  /.  6. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  102 !  Wright !  Robins !  Shakspcar !  Macfadyen ! 
Port  Eoyal  Alts.,  Purdie  !  March  \  Moneague,  Prior  \  Walderston,  2000  ft. ; 
near  Troy,  1500  ft.  ;  near  Content  Gap,  2800  ft. ;  Chester  Vale,  3000  ft. ; 
near  Grove,  Gordon  Town;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  7016,  8416,  8563,  9149, 
10,019 ;  Port  Morant,  Hitchcock.— Cuba. 

Shrub,  branches  bearing  inflorescences,  puberulous  at  length  glabrate, 
with  shallow  furrows  spotted  with  numerous  brown  lenticels.  Leaves 
10-20  cm.  1. ;  leaflets  terminal  4-8  cm.  L,  lateral  smaller,  upper  elliptical- 
lanceolate  or  terminal  subrhornboid,  apex  acuminate,  acute,  base  narrowly 
wedge-shaped,  lateral  lower  elliptical,  obtuse,  all  sessile,  distantly  serrate- 
dentate,  teeth  sometimes  rather  large,  membranous-papery;  common 
petiole  2-6  cm.  1.,  rhachis  (intermediate  partial  petiole)  with  margin  or 
wing  ('5-1 '5  mm.  br.).  Inflorescences  solitary  or  paniculate,  puberulous, 
4-8  cm.  1.,  pedunculate  or  sessile.  Sepals,  inner  2  mm.  1.,  subpetaloid,  two 
united  to  one-third  of  their  length,  outer  about  1  mm.  1.  Petals  obovate, 
white.  Filaments  glabrous.  Capsule  3-6-ribbed,  ellipsoid  -  globular, 
contracted  into  a  stalk-like  base,  pulverulent-puberulous  outside,  with 
short  tomenturn  inside,  about  15  cm.  L,  including  the  base  (4-5  mm.  1.)  ; 
valves  obovate  subacute. 


3.  CARDIOSPERMUM  L. 

Shrubby  or  annual  herbs,  much  branched,  branches  ribbed, 
climbing  by  2  tendrils  on  the  peduncle.  Leaves  biternate ; 
leaflets  crenate  or  serrate,  often  with  pellucid  dots  or  lines. 
Corymbs  axillary.  Flowers  white,  with  jointed  pedicels,  poly- 
gamo-dkficious.  Sepals  4,  in  Jamaican  species,  broadly  imbricate, 
the  2  outer  much  smaller.  Petals  in  pairs,  two  with  a  crested 
scale  which  has  a  bearded  appendage  pointing  downwards,  the 
other  two  with  a  scale  which  has  a  wing-like  crest  on  the  back. 
Glands  2,  opposite  the  petals  with  the  appendage.  Stamens  8. 
Style  3-lobed.  Capsule  of  3  inflated  membranous  lobes,  opening 
loculicidally.  Seeds  subglobular,  black,  often  arillate  at  the 
base ;  cotyledons  large,  transversely  folded  on  themselves. 


Cardiospermum 


Hear  t- pea. 

Species  10,  natives  of  tropical  America,  three  of  these  are 
found  in  the  West  Indies,  one  of  which  occurs  also  in  tropical 
Africa,  and  two  are  found  throughout  the  tropics. 

Flowers  8-10  mm.  1 1.  C.  grandiflorum. 

Flowers  4-6  mm.  1. 

Seed  with  a  heart-shaped  bilobed  hilurn. 

Capsule  subglobular,  3-4  cm.  in  diam 2.  C.  haUcacabum. 

Capsule  3-angled,  apes  truncate  or  depressed, 

about  1  cm.  high  3.  C.  microcarpum. 

Seed  with  a  semicircular  hilum  scarcely  emarginate  4.  C.  corindum. 

1.  C.  grandiflorum  Sw.  Prodr.  64  (1788)  &  Fl.  Incl  Occ.  698 
(1800);  leaves,  lower  (incl.  petiole  4-5  cm.  1.)  15-20  cm.  1.  *, 


Fig.  21.  —  Cardiospennum 


A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  x  ?,. 

B,  Bud  of  male  flower  opened 

XI1. 


Sw. 

C,  D,  Petals  of   ditto  seen    from 

f  r<  >ut  and  side  x  2. 
E,  Fruit  x  u. 
Y,  Seed  x  '.'. 


leaflets  deeply  serrate,  serratures  acute  ;  inflorescence  as  long  as 
the  leaves,  sometimes  longer;  petals  about  10  mm.  1.  ;  disk- 
glands  horn-like;  capsule  to  6*5  cm.  1.,  to  3*5  cm.  br.,  obovate 
or  ellipsoidal,  3-angled,  acute  at  both  ends.  Macf.  Jam.  i.  loo 


48  FLORA   OF  JAMAICA  Cardiospcnnnm 


.  Fl.  13,.  W.  Lid  122;  Railll-.  in  Fl.  Unix.  <em.  pt.  3,  433. 
C.  villosuni  ttc.  Broiciic  Hixl.  Jam.  21.').  Pisuin  cordatuni  non 
vesicarium  Sloane  Cat.  Ill  &  Hist.  i.  239  (only  with  reference  to 
the  description  of  the  seed).  Pisuin  deciinum  Arc.  Sloane  Cat.  110 
A:  7//.sY.  /.  238  (only  with  reference  to  the  description  of  the  fruit 
and  seed).  (Fig.  21.) 

Wild  Supple  Jack. 

In  fl.  June-Oct.  ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  102!  Wright  \  Shaksjxwl  Mac- 
fddi/en\  St.  Mary;  St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale;  McNabl  Distinl  Wilson; 
Prior;  March  I  Blue  Mts.,  Hitchcock;  J.P.  1211,  Hartl  Chester  Vale, 
CradwicTf  \  Round  Hill,  1850  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9969.  Hardware  Gap, 
Q.  E.  Nichols  !  —  St.  Thomas,  Martinique,  warmer  continental  America, 
tropical  Africa. 

Stem  to  25  ft.  long,  woody,  pubescent.  Sepals  2  outer  about  3  mm.  1., 
roundish-ovate,  inner  about  7  mm.  1.  oblong.  Capsule  greenish-yellow. 
Seed  7  mm.  in  diarn.  with  a  white,  roundish  aril,  about  1'5  mm.  in  diam.  ; 
coat  very  thick,  fleshy. 

2.  C.  halieaeabum  L.   Sp.    PL   366    (1753);   leaves,   larger 
(incl.  petiole  3-4  cm.  1.)  8-12  cm.  1.  ;  leaflets  incised  and  obtusely 
serrate  ;  inflorescence  about  as  long  as  the  leaves  ;  flowers  4  mm.  1.  ; 
disk  glands  spheroidal  ;    capsule  3-4  cm.  1.  subglobular  ;    seed, 
hilum  white,  heart-shaped  or  kidney-shaped.  —  L.  Amoen.  v.  378  : 
Gaertn.  Fnict.  i.  381,  L  79  ;    Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  iv.  37,  /.   241  ; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.   122  (excl.  syn.  cf.  C.  corindum)  ;  Radii;. 
tn  FL  Bran.  xiii.  pt.  3,  438  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  369  ;  Britt.  d- 
Milhp.  Bali.  FL  252.     C.  scandens  <fcc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  213. 

Hartwegl  St.  Mary,  McNab  !  Lucea,  Hitchcock;  near  Spanish  Town, 
Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  12,060.—  Tropics. 

An  annual  or  biennial  herb,  stem  to  6  ft.  long,  and  more,  simple  or 
branched,  Sepals  2  outer  roundish-ovate,  inner  oblong,  twice  as  long  as 
the  outer.  Seed  about  5  mm.  in  diam. 

3.  C.  mieroearpum  H.  B.  &K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  v.  104  (1821)  ; 
plant  sometimes  only  a  span  high,  sometimes  climbing  to  a  length 
of  3-10  ft.  ;  terminal  leaflet  generally  lengthened  into  an  acumen  ; 
flowers  very  small  ;   capsule  small,  about   1   cm.  high,   3-angled 
top-shaped,  with  a  truncate  or  depressed  apex,  broader  than  high.- 
Griseb.  loc.  dt.  ;  Britton  Fl.  Berm.  226;   Britt.  &  Milhp.  Bali. 
FL  252.     C.  halieaeabum    var.  y  L.  Sp.  PL   367  (1753);   Bot. 
Hag.  t.  1049.     C.  halieaeabum  L.  var.  rnicrocarpurn  BL  Rmnphia 
in.  185  (1847);  RadlL  in  FL  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  3,  442;   Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.    iv.   370.      Specimen    from  Browne  in   Herb.    Linn,   named 
C.  halieaeabum  by  Linnaeus. 

Broivnel  Sliakspcar\  Arnottl  Inverness,  Clarendon,  300  ft.,  Harris  i 
Fl.  Jam.  12,754.—  Tropics. 

4.  C.  eorindum  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  526  (1762)  ;  leaves  biternate 
or  subbipimiate  or  subtriternate,  larger  (incl.  petiole)  8-10(-15) 
cm.   1.  ;    leaflets  incised  and   toothed,  or  only   crenate  and  sub- 


Cardiospermum 


SAFIN  DACE.E 


49 


entire ;  inflorescence  longer  than  the  leaves ;  flowers  4-6  mm.  1.  ; 
disk  glands  spheroidal;  capsule  2'5-3(-4)  cm.  in  diam.  if 
globular,  in  length  if  top-shaped ;  hilum  white,  semicircular, 
scarcely  emarginate. — Miller  Diet.  ed.  8  ;  Hadlk.  in  Fl.  Bras,  xiii 
pt.  3,  443.  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  370.  C.  villosum  itc.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  213.  C.  halicacabum  L.  Amwn.  v.  378  (1760);  Gri*<'l>. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  122  (as  regards  syn.  dins.  Banks,  C.  inolle  Kiin-tlt, 
C.  loxense  Kunth,  C.  villosum.  Macf.  Coll.  Purdie).  C.  villosum 
Mac/.  Jam.  i.  154  (1837)  (excl.  syn.  Sloane). 

Houstoun  !  Browne  \  Liguanea,  Broughton !  Swartz  \  St.  Mary,  Purdie  ! 
Windward  Road,  Faiccett  \  August  Town,  Campbell  \  road  to  Hagley  Gap, 
1000  ft. ;  Grove,  near  Gordon  Town,  800  ft. ;  Mona,  700  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl. 
Jam.  5786,  6539,  6831,  8837.— Tropics. 

Stem  to  6  ft.  long  and  more,  woody,  hairy  or  glabrate.  Sepals,  inner 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  outer.  Petals  more  or  less  persistent.  Seed 
2 '5-4  mm.  in  diam. 

4.  ALLOPHYLUS  L. 

Erect  shrubs  or  small  trees,  without  tendrils.     Leaves  with 
3  leaflets  in  W.  Indian  species ;  leaflets  generally  large,  entire 


I 


Fig.  22. — Allophyhis  jamaieensis  Eadlk. 

A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  x  \.  D,  E,  Petals  seen  from  front  and  side  x  11. 

B,  Male  flower  x  7.  F,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

C,  Female  flower  x  7.  G,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

V.  E 


;~>0  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Allnpliylits 

or  serrate,  often  pellucid-dotted  or  -lined,  lateral  more  or  less 
unequal-sided.  Inflorescence  raceme-like  or  laxly  paniculate, 
axillary.  Flowers  small  or  minute,  globose,  often  closed,  poly- 
gamo-dicecious.  Sepals  4,  opposite  in  pairs,  concave,  broadly 
imbricate,  the  two  outer  smaller,  elliptical,  the  inner  roundish. 
Petals,  each  with  a  small  2-lobed  scale.  Disk  glands  opposite 
the  petals,  4  (in  ^V.  Indian  species).  Stamens  8.  Ovary  cleeply 
2-lobed,  lobes  somewhat  globular  or  obovoid,  united  by  the  style  ; 
style  2-lobed.  Fruit  composed  of  one  indehiscent  coccus  (the 
other  usually  undeveloped),  obovoid  or  somewhat  globular.  Seed 
erect,  with  a  very  short  fleshy  aril ;  embryo  curved ;  cotyledons 
doubled  on  each  other. 

Species  156,  about  equally  divided  between  the  three  great 
divisions  :  tropical  America,  tropical  and  south  Africa,  Asia  and 
the  islands  of  the  Pacific. 

Leaflets  serrate,  puberulous 1.  A.  Cominia. 

Leaflets  entire,  glabrous. 

Leaves  17-30  cm.  1 2.  A.  jamaicensis. 

Leaves  7-13  cm.  1 3.  A.  pacliypliyllus. 

1.  A.  Cominia  Sw.  Prodr.  62  (1788) ;  Radii;,  in  Sitzungsber. 
K.  Bcu/er.  Akad.  Math.  Plnjs.  KL  xxxviii.  215;  Britt.  A  Milhp. 
BnJi.  FL  253.  Baccifera  indica  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  170  &  Hist.  ii. 
100,  t.  208,  /.  1.  Cominia  arborea  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  205. 
Rhus  Cominia  L.  Amcen.  v.  395  &  377  (1760).  Toxicodendron 
arboreum  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Schmidelia  Cominia  Siv.  FL 
Ind.  Occ.  667  (1798);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  161;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.  126.  Miller's  type,  Houstoun's  specimen  from  Cam- 
peachy,  is  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Type  from  Browne  in  Herb. 
Linn. 

In  fl.  Aug.,  Sept.;  in  fr.  Dec.;  Bed  Hills,  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  19*,  20! 
Wright !  Broirne  !  Bronghton  !  Distin  !  St.  Mary,  Me  Nab  !  Great  Valley, 
Manchester,  Purdic  !  Wilson  !  Ewarton,  Prior  !  March  !  Mavis  Bank,  J.P. 
1131,  Hart\  Robertsfield,  J.P.  1447,  Morris  I  Stony  Hill,  York  Moore  I 
Belvidere,  near  Montpelier ;  near  Bito  ;  Fawcett !  near  Christiana,  3000  ft. ; 
near  Mona,  800  ft. ;  Long  Mt.  900  ft. ;  Malvern,  2200  ft. ;  New  Market, 
1100  ft. ;  Troy,  1600-2000  ft. ;  Font  Hill,  St.  Elizabeth  ;  Harris !  Provi- 
dence, Thompson !  Fl.  Jam.  8621,  9458,  9928.— Bahamas,  Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines, 
Hispaniola,  Martinique. 

Tree  20-40  ft.  Leaves  15-20  cm.  1.  (incl.  petiole  4-7 '5  cm.  1.) ;  leaflets 
8-15  cm.  1.,  obovate-elliptical  to  obovate-lanceolate,  lateral  usually  some- 
what unequal-sided  especially  at  the  base,  apex  abruptly  and  shortly 
acuminate,  more  or  less  serrate  especially  in  the  upper  half,  sometimes 
subentire,  puberulous  on  both  surfaces,  densely  so  on  midrib  and  nerves, 
with  small  axillary  tufts  beneath  and  often  tomentose ;  petiolules,  terminal 
5_8(-2)  mm.  1.,  lateral  0-5  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  usually  shorter  than 
the  leaves.  Flowers  pale  yellow.  Sepals,  two  outer  oblong-elliptical, 
•8-1  mm.  1.,  two  inner  petaloid,  obovate,  1-2-1-4  mm.  1.  Petals  oblong, 
about  1  mni.  1.  Coccus  subglobular-ellipsoidal,  5  mm.  1.  Seed  4  mm.  1. 


Allophylus  SAPINDACE.E  51 

2.  A.  jamaieensis  Radii:  in  Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant.  v.  407  (1908). 
Schmidelia  glabrata   Griseb.   Fl.   Br.    W.   Ind.    126   (1859)   (noil 
Kunfh).     (Fig.  22.) 

In  fl.  Sept. ;  in  fr.  Nov.-Jan. ;  Wilson  \  Mt.  Diablo,  Prior !  near  Troy, 
1000  ft.-2000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2000  ft. ;  Harris  !  near  Mandeville, 
Harris  &  Britton  \  also  Britton,  1048  !  Fl.  Jam.  9068,  9440,  10,596,  12,818. 

Tree  20-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  17-30  cm.  1.  (incl.  petiole  4-10  cm.  1.) ; 
leaflets  11-19  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  elliptical-lanceolate,  lateral  a  little 
smaller,  slightly  unequal-sided,  all  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  some- 
times retuse,  entire,  glabrous  on  both  sides  except  for  a  triangular  patch 
of  woolly  hair  in  the  axils  of  nerves  beneath;  petiolule  '5-1*5  cm.  1. 
Inflorescence  about  as  long  as  the  petiole  or  somewhat  longer.  Flowers 
yellowish-green  or  whitish.  Sepals  1  •  5-1  •  8  mm.  1.  Petals  I  •  3-1  •  4  mm.  1. 
Coccus  somewhat  obovoid,  7-8  mm.  1.,  glabrous,  ribbed.  Seed  5-6  mm.  1. 

3.  A.  paehyphyllus  Radlk.  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  406  (1908). 

In  fr.  Jan. ;  Bethabara,  Wullsclilaegel ;  near  Mandeville,  Britton,  1009  ! 
near  Moneague,  Britton  &  Hollick,  2734  !  Walderston,  Manchester,  2600  ft. ; 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,857. 

Bushy  tree  .to  20  ft.  high.  Leaves  6 '5-13  cm.  1.  (includ.  petiole 
l'5-4  cm.  1.) ;  leaflets  5-9  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base 
narrowed  into  a  short  petiolule,  entire,  glabrous  on  both  sides  except  for 
woolly  hair  in  the  axils  of  the  nerves  beneath  ;  petiolule  3-7  mm.  1.  Inflor- 
escence as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  petiole.  Coccus  somewhat  obovoid- 
globular,  7-10  mm.  l.;  glabrous,  ribbed. 


§   B.  Flowers  regular.     Disk  complete  (wanting  in  Dodonsea). 
Stamens  central. 

5.  SAPINDUS  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  abruptly  pinnate,  leaflets  entire.  Racemes 
paniculate,  terminal  or  axillary.  Flowers  polygamous.  Sepals 
5,  outer  smaller,  broadly  imbricate.  Petals  5.  Stamens  8. 
Filaments  hairy,  anthers  versatile.  Ovary  3-celled.  Style  ter- 
minal, stigma  2-4-lobed.  Fruit  fleshy,  rarely  of  3  cocci,  usually 
2  or  1  undeveloped  ;  cocci  globose,  indehiscent.  Seeds  globose, 
not  arillate  ;  embryo  curved  ;  cotyledons  thick. 

Species  about  10  (fide  Radlkofer),  natives  of  tropics  and 
subtropics. 

S.  Saponaria  L.  Sp.  PL  367  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  378  ;  Des- 
court,  FL  Ant.  iv.  121,  t.  261  ;  Wright  Mem.  267  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i. 
159;  Grisel.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  126;  Radlk.  in  Sitzungsber.  K. 
Bayer.  Akad.  Math.  Pliys.  KL  viii.  319  &  in  FL  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  3, 
512,  t.  109;  Sarg.  Silv.  ii.  69,  it.  74,  75;  DUBS,  in  Ann.  Inst. 
Colon.  Hi.  121  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  371.  S.  foliis  &c.  Brou'in- 
Hist.  Jam.  206  ;  A.  Robinson  ms.  &  ic.  ined.  S.  rigidus  Mill. 
Diet.  ed.  8;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  i.  341,  t.  70,  fig.  a-f ;  Ait,  Sort, 
Kew  ii.  36  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  608.  S.  insequalis  DC.  loc.  cit.  (1824)  ; 

E  2 


52 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Sapindus 


l»r.  cit.  Prunifera  seu  Nuciprunifera  Arc.  Plul\  Plnjt. 
i.  L'17,  /.  7.  Prunifera  racemosa  etc.  Sloanc  Cat.  184  <fc  7//.v/.  ii.  131. 
Cupania  saponarioides  Sw.  Prodr.  62  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  661 
(as  regards  leaves  only,  the  inflorescence  and  young  fruit  refer 
it»  Cnpania  americana).  (Fig.  23.) 

Soap  Berry  Tree. 

In  fl.  Sept.-Oct. ;  infr.  Mar. ;  Houstoun\  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  75  !  Wright  I 
Brouglitonl  Shakspearel  Distinl  Priestmans  River,  Dcansl  Constant 
Spring,  600  ft. ;  Halberstadt,  2900  ft. ;  Harris  1  FL  Jam.  5815,  66GG.- 


Fig.  23. — Sapindns  Saponaria  L. 


A,  Male  flower  x  7. 

B,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  7. 

C,  Petal  x  7. 

D,  Female  flower  X  7. 

E,  Fruiting  branch  x  |. 


d,  disk. 


F,  Coccus  cut  lengthwise,  showing 

the  seed  X  §. 

G,  Seed  showing  the  hilum  X  §. 
H,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  x  §. 

(After  Fl.  Bras.) 


Native  in  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  including  West  Indies,  from 
Florida  to  Argentine ;  introduced  in  West  Africa,  Mascarene  Is.,  Poly- 
nesia and  Philippines. 

Tree  12-30(-50)  ft.  high.  Leaves  with  4-5  (3-6)  pairs  of  leaflets; 
rhachis  and  petiole  sometimes  with  wing  or  margin,  sometimes  without 
(form  intzqualis) ;  leaflets  7-13  cm.  1.  (or  more),  elliptical,  oblong,  or  lanceo- 
late, more  or  less  equal-sided,  sometimes  (f.  in&qualis)  unequal-sided. 
Panicles  terminal,  to  3  dm.  1.  Flowers  white,  small.  Sepals  roundish, 
petaloid,  ranging  in  size  from  1  mm.  1.  to  2  mm.  1.  Petals  shorter  than 
the  sepals,  hairy.  Coccus  l'5-2  cm.  in  diam.,  yellow.  Seed  1'2  cm.  in 
diani.,  globular,  black. 

The  wood  is  heavy,  rather  hard,  close-grained  :  a  cubic  foot  weighs 
52  Ib.  (Sargent) ;  it  is  however  not  durable,  except  for  inside  use.  The 
fleshy  exterior  of  the  fruit  can  be  used  as  soap,  though  it  has  a  bad  effect 
on  cloth.  The  seeds  pounded  and  thrown  into  a  stream  intoxicate  and 


Sapindus  SAPIXDACEJK  53 

kill  fish.  Given  to  fowls,  they  are  said  to  be  a  preventive  against  the 
disease  called  fowl-yaws  (Macfadyen) ;  they  were  formerly  imported  into 
England  for  waistcoat  buttons. 

[MELICOCCA  L. 

Glabrous  trees.  Leaves  abruptly  pinnate ;  leaflets  in  2  or  3 
pairs  subopposite.  subsessile,  entire,  membranous.  Racemes  long, 
terminal  on  lateral  branchlets,  simple  or  paniculate,  with 
numerous  flowers.  Flowers  polygamo- dioecious.  Calyx  deeply 
4-lobed,  imbricate.  Petals  4,  roundish  or  obovate.  Disk 
4-5-lobed.  Ovary  2-3-celled;  stigma  peltate,  2-(3)-lobed.  Drupe 
1 -celled  with  one  seed.  Seed  erect,  enclosed  in  a  pulpy  aril ; 
embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  thick,  united. 

Species  2,  one  a  native  of  Nicaragua  and  northern  S.  America, 
cultivated  in  the  West  Indies  and  Brazil  ;  the  other  of  Bolivia 
and  Paraguay. 

M.  bijug-a  L.  Sp.  PL  ccl  2,  495  (1762)  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  146; 
.  Jam.  i.  164;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  127  ;  Radlk.  in  Fl. 
Bras.  xiii.  pt.  3,  523  ;  Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  viii. 
190;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  372;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  253. 
Melicoccus  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  210.  Sapindus  Meli- 
coccus  L.  Ainoen.  v.  378  (1760).  Schinus?  Melicoccus  L.  Amoen. 
v.  379  (1760).  Melicoccus  bijugatus  Jacq.  Enum.  PL  Carib.  19 
(1760),  Sel  Stirp.  Amer.  108,  /.  72  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  109.  Specimen 
named  by  Linnseus  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Genip   Tree. 

In  fl.  Apr.-June;  Wright  I  Browne;  Sliakspearel  Sivartzl  Lindsay  \ 
Distin  I  Wilson !  Prior !  King's  House  grounds,  Briscoe !  Hope  grounds, 
Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7930,  7931,  9228;  Port  Antonio,  Lucea,  Hitchcock.— 
Cultivated,  and,  as  it  were,  spontaneous  in  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  Mar- 
garita, Bonaire,  Curacao.  Native  in  tropical  America  from  Nicaragua  to 
Surinam. 

Tree  30-40(-70)  ft.  high.  Leaves  shed  annually,  young  leaves  appearing 
with  the  flowers  in  spring,  usually  2-paired ;  petiole  and  rhachis  flat, 
sometimes  winged  ;  leaflets  7-11  cm.  L,  elliptical  or  ovate-elliptical,  apex 
acute,  subacuminate,  or  obtuse,  base  somewhat  unequal-sided,  entire, 
usually  undulate  ;  petiolules  short.  Inflorescence  :  male  much  branched, 
female  less  branched.  Flowers  open  6-8  mm.  in  diam.,  sweet-smelling. 
Fruit  about  3  cm.  in  diam.,  green ;  pulp  fibrous,  gelatinous,  of  a  sweet 
subacid  slightly  astringent  taste.  Seeds  usually  only  one. 

The  tree  is  a  handsome  shade  tree,  and  the  flowers  are  very  attractive 
to  bees  and  humming  birds.  The  fruit  is  sold  in  the  markets  ;  it  is  said 
that  the  fine  fibres  of  the  pulp  have  caused  the  death  of  children,  when 
swallowed,  by  forming  a  coating  over  the  lining  of  the  stomach.  The 
timber  is  hard  and  heavy,  suitable  for  most  purposes  in  protected  situations. 
Browne  states  that  the  tree  was  introduced  from  Surinam.] 

6.  CUPANIA  L. 

Small  trees.  Leaves  with  on  odd  leaflet  or  abruptly  pinnate  ; 
leaflets  alternate  and  opposite,  entire.  Flowers  paniculate  or 


54 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Cupania 


racemose,  polygamo-dioecious.  Sepals  5,  broadly  imbricate  in 
2  series.  Petals  5,  with  1  or  2  scales  more  or  less  united  with 
the  petals  on  the  outer  margin.  Stamens  8,  inserted  within  the 
disk,  central.  Ovary  3-angled-subglobular  or  obovoid ;  ovules 
attached  to  the  axis  near  the  base.  Capsule  obovate-subglobose, 
3-cornered,  3-celled,  loculicidally  3-valved,  with  a  long  or  short 
carpophore.  Seeds  subglobular,  with  a  cup-shaped  aril ;  embryo 
thick,  curved  ;  cotyledons  plano-convex. 

Species  38,  natives  of  the  warmer  regions  of  America  (incl. 
the  West  Indies)  from  Mexico  to  Argentina. 

Capsule  glabrous,  top-shaped-triangular 1 .  C.  glabra. 

Capsule  tomentose,  globose,  3-cornered 2.  C.  americana. 

1.  C.  glabra  Sw.  Prodr.  61  (1788);  leaflets  glabrous  on  both 
sides  or  sometimes  more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  entire, 
crenate-undulate,  or  more  or  less  serrate ;  capsule  glabrous,  top- 
shaped-triangular. — Siv.  FL  Ind.  Occ.  659  (excl.  syn.  L.  &  Plum. 


Fig.  24. — Cupania  glabra  Sw. 

A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  x  1.  E,  Ditto'seen  from  the  side  x  11. 

B,  Flower  x  7.  F,  Fruit  splitting  open,  nat.  size. 

C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  X  7.  G,  Ditto  cut  across,  nat.  size. 

D,  Petal  with  two  scales  x  11. 


Cupania  SAPIN'DACE.E  55 

tfc  hab.  Hispaniola) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  162  ;  Rich,  in  Sagra  Glib.  x. 
117  (1845);  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  125  ;  Radlk.  in  Sitzunysber. 
K.  Bayer.  Akad.  MatJi.  Phi/s.  Kl  ix.  559  (1879) ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
ii\  373.  C.  arborea  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  178.  C.  americana 
Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  469,  t.  177  (1791)(non  L.).  C.  niultijuga  Rich, 
torn.  cit.  118,  t.  31  (1845).  Moschoxylon,  Red  Musk  Wood, 
Robinson  ic.  ined.  (Fig.  24.) 

Loblolly  Tree. 

In  fl.  Sept. ;  in  fr.  Jan.,  Feb.;  Wright  I  Macfadyen\  Distinl  Wullsch- 
lacgel ;  Prior !  March !  Belvedere,  near  Montpelier,  Fawcett  \  Hall's 
Delight ;  Green  Valley  ;  Yallahs  Valley,  1700  ft. ;  Hopeton,  Westmore- 
land, 1000  ft. ;  Grandvale,  Westmoreland,  500  ft. ;  Troy,  1600  ft.  ;  Stan- 
more  Hill,  2200  ft. ;  Harris  !  FL  Jam.  5548,  5607,  6S42,  7048,  7059,  9451, 
9772. — Key  Is.,  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Mexico,  Costa  Rica. 

Shrub  or  tree,  25-40  ft.  high  (or  more).  Leaflets  '5-1  dm.  L,  oblong, 
oblong-elliptical,  or  obovate-oblong,  apex  rounded,  base  wedge-shaped 
sometimes  oblique  ;  petiole  3-5  mm.  1.  Panicle  as  long  as,  or  longer  than 
the  leaves.  Flowers  numerous,  crowded,  white.  Sepals  2  mm.  1.  or 
shorter,  roundish  to  elliptical,  puberulous  inside.  Petals  long-clawed, 
about  2  mm.  1:  Style  as  long  as  ovary,  3-lobed.  Capsule  10-13  mm.  1. 
and  br.,  apiculate  with  the  remains  of  the  style,  generally  3-celled,  some- 
times 2-  or  4-celled.  Seed  about  7  mm.  L,  roundish-ellipsoidal ;  aril  about 
one-third  as  long. 

2.  C.  amerieana  L.  Sp.  PL  200  (1753);  leaflets  pubescent 
on  nerves  on  upper  surface,  densely  pubescent  beneath,  serrate ; 
capsule  tomentose,  depressed-globose,  3-cornered. — Griseb.  loc.  cit.  ; 
Eadlk.  torn.  cit.  557 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  372.  C.  tornentosa, 
Sw.  Prodr.  61  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  657.  C.  saponarioides 
Sw.  Prodr.  62  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  661  (as  regards  inflorescence 
and  fruit).  Cupania  Plum.  PI.  Amer.  (Burm.)  t.  110. 

Castleton  district,  500  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  11,920.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines, 
Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Martinique,  Trinidad,  Venezuela. 

Tree  30-40  ft.  high.  Leaflets  -5-2  dm.  L,  obovate-oblong,  obovate- 
elliptical,  or  elliptical.  Capsule  about  1'5  cm.  L,  2  cm.  br.,  with  a  very 
short  carpophore. 

This  species  seems  to  be  very  rare  in  Jamaica. 

7.  MATAYBA  Aubl. 

Trees.  Leaves  subopposite  (in  Jamaican  species)  or  alternate. 
Panicles  axillary,  many-flowered.  Flowers  small,  polygamo- 
dicecious.  Calyx  of  5  sepals.  Petals  5,  rudimentary  in  Jamaican 
species.  Style  terminal,  stigma  2-3  lobed.  Capsule  with  thick 
carpophore,  leathery.  1-3-lobed ;  lobes  globose,  compressed, 
2-valved,  opening  along  the  back.  Seeds  arillate  ;  cotyledons  thick. 

Species  42,  natives  of  warmer  regions  in  America  (incl.  West 
Indies),  from  Mexico  to  Argentina. 

M.  apetala  Radlk.  in  Sitzungsber.  K.  Bayer.  Akad.  Math.  P////.S-. 
KL  ix.  535  &  624  (1879)  &  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  352  &  iv.  373. 


56 


FL01IA    OF    JAM  ATI 'A 


Matayla 


Cupania   apetala    Marf.    Jain.    /.    1G2    (1837).  C.    oppositifolia 

I !ii-l/.    in    Sagra    Cub.    x.    121,    /.    32    (1845).  Ratonia    apetala 

Gwel).  Fl.  Br.  W.  Infl   126  (1859)  (excl.  syn.  C.  juglandifoh'<t). 
(Fig.  25.)     Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Wanika,  Cromanty,  Bastard  Mahogany,  Goby,  Red 
\V  o  o  d. 

"  Road  from  Halberstadt  to  Galloway  Lodge  ;  road  from  Mt.  Henry  to 
Ross  Valley;  Scott's  Pass,  Hopewell " ;  Macfadyenl  Distin\  Marcli  ! 


Fig.  25. — Matayla  apetala  Iladlk. 

A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  X  \.  E,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  11. 

B,  Portion  of  inflorescence  X  4. 

C,  Male  flower  x  7. 

D,  Fertile  flower  x  7. 


F,  Capsule,  nat.  size. 

G.  Ditto  ripe  and  split  open,  showing 

one  developed  seed,  nat.  size. 


Wilson  \  Jenmanl  Castleton  Hill,  1000  ft.,  Thompson !  Vinegar  Hill, 
4300  ft. ;  Troy,  1500  ft. ;  Lapland,  near  Catadupa,  1500  ft. ;  road  from 
Askenish  to  Dolphin  Head,  1000  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6404,  6404b,  8018, 
8676,  9166,  9243.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Porto  Rico,  Ruatan  Is.  (Honduras). 

Tree,  15-60  ft.  high.     Leaves  about  2  dm.  1. ;  common  petiole  somewhat 
3-angled ;   leaflets  10-17  (in  Jamaican  form)  or  4-10,  alternate   or   sub- 


Matayba  SAPINDACE^E  57 

opposite,  6-12  era.  1.,  oblong-elliptical,  apex  rounded,  sometimes  obtusely 
subacuminate,  base  wedge-shaped  and  sometimes  oblique ;  petiolule  very 
short  and  thickened  at  the  base.  Panicle  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  longer 
or  shorter.  Flowers  yellow.  Calyx  deeply  5-lobed,  puberulous  outside, 
about  1  mm.  1.  Stamens  of  hermaphrodite  flower  1-5  mm.  1.,  filaments 
puberulous  ;  of  male  flower  slightly  longer  than  the  calyx.  Ovary  hairy, 
shortly  stalked  ;  style  long ;  stigmas  3.  Capsule  usually  2-lobed  (one  lobe 
often  imperfectly  developed)  10-12(-16)  mm.  1.,  stalked  (stalk  thick, 
4-6  mm.  1.),  red.  Seed  6-8  mm.  1.,  ellipsoidal,  black,  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  cup-shaped,  light  orange-coloured  aril. 
Timber  hard,  durable  when  exposed  to  weather. 

[BLIGHIA  Koenig 

Tree.  Leaves  alternate,  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
abruptly  pinnate ;  leaflets  in  3-5-pairs,  opposite  or  subopposite, 
entire,  glabrous.  Inflorescence  an  axillary  panicle,  usually  as 
long  as  the  leaves,  many-flowered.  Flowers  polygamous,  white. 
Calyx  5-parted.  Petals  5,  with  a  scale  at  the  base  about  half  as 
long  as  the  petal.  Disk  ring-like.  Stamens  8,  longer  than  the 
petals.  Ovary  3-celled ;  ovules  one  in  each  cell.  Fruit  a  red- 
coloured  fleshy  capsule,  3-celled ;  valves  3,  with  the  septa  in  the 
middle.  Seeds  black,  one  in  each  cell,  with  a  large  white  fleshy 
aril,  called  "  akee,"  round  its  base,  the  aril  attached  to  the 
placenta  by  a  red  membrane. 

Species  2,  natives  of  West  Africa,  one  naturalized  in  the 
West  Indies. 

B.  sapida  Koen.  in  Ann.  Bot.  ii.  571,  tt.  16,  17  (1806); 
JIacf.  Jam.  i.  160;  Grisel.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  125.  The  Akee, 
Broughton  Hortus  Eastensis  11  (1794).  Akeesia  africana  Tussac 
FL  Ant.  i.  66,  t.  3  (1808).  Akea  solitaria  Stokes  Bot.  Mat. 
Med.  ii.  353  (1812). 

Naturalized  ;  in  fl.  after  the  rains  in  May;  in  fr.  Dec.,  Jan. — Native  in 
western  tropical  Africa. 

Akee  tree. 

Tree  30  ft.  high.  Leaves  large,  common  petiole  and  rhachis  about 
17  cm.  1. ;  leaflets  10-18  cm.  1.,  lowest  pair  of  the  same  shape,  about  half 
as  long ;  midrib,  nerves  and  venation  prominent  beneath.  Sepals  about 
3  mm.  1.  Petals  about  4*5  mm.  1.  Fruit  about  7  or  8  cm.  1.,  pendulous. 

The  timber  is  durable  in  protected  situations.  The  white  fleshy 
substance,  the  "akee,"  at  the  base  of  the  seed  is  the  part  which  is  eaten. 
It  is  prepared  by  parboiling  in  water  with  salt,  and  afterwards  stewing  or 
frying  with  butter,  or  by  simply  boiling  in  soups.  It  is  very  wholesome 
(Macfadyen).  If  not  used  fresh,  or  if  plucked  from  a  broken  branch,  the 
akee  is  poisonous.  It  is  recognised  as  fresh  when  pulled  from  the  capsule 
by  not  bringing  away  with  it  the  red  membrane.] 

8.  DODON^EA   L. 

Erect  shrubs,  usually  viscous,  leaves  simple  (1-foliolate), 
rarely  pinnate.  Flowers  inconspicuous,  unisexual  or  polygamo- 


58 


Fl.nKA    OF    .1AM  A  If  A 


Dodoncbct, 


diu'cious.  Inflorescence  axillary  or  terminal,  racemose,  corymbose, 
or  paniculate.  Sepals  4  (5-3),  valvate  or  narrowly  imbricate. 
Petals  want-in"  Disk  wanting  in  the  male  flower,  short  and 

O  O  ' 

stalk-like  in  the  female  flower.  Anthers  linear-oblong,  obtusely 
4-cornered.  Ovary  3-cornered  ;  style  lobed  at  apex ;  ovules  2  in 
each  cell.  Capsule  3-(2-6)-celled,  septifragal,  3-valved  ;  valves 
winged  on  the  back,  separating  from  the  persistent  column,  to 
the  middle  of  which  the  seeds  are  attached.  Seeds  2  or  1  in 
each  cell,  without  an  aril ;  embryo  rolled  on  itself  spirally. 

Species  43,  of  which  39  are  Australian,  the  rest  dispersed 
through  the  tropics  and  sub-tropics. 

D.  viseosa  Jncq.  Enuw.  PL  Car II).  19  (1760)  &  ScL  Stirp. 
Amer.  109;  L.  Mant.  228;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  134,  t.  Ill  ;  Sw. 
Obs.  Bot.  151  ;  Gray  Gen.  218,  /.  182  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  127  ; 
R'ulUc.  in  FL  Bras.  .viii.  pt.  3,  639 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  373. 


Fig.  26. — Dodoncea  viseosa  Jacq. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  flowers  and  leaves  x  -|j. 

B,  Male  flower  with  a  sepal  pressed  down  and  a  stamen  removed  X  4. 

C,  Female  flower  X  4.  D,  Fruit,  uat.  size. 


Dodoncea  SAPINDACE^E  59 

L>.  Burmanniana  DC.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Genev.  i.  pt.  2,  447  (1822)  & 
Prodr.  i.  616 ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  Aceri  vel  Paliuro  affinis  angusto  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  138  &  Hist.  ii.  27,  t.  162,  f.  3.  Staphylodendron  &c. 
P/wm.  Jc.  med.  v.  t.  263  &  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  246,  t.  247,  /.  2. 
Ptelea  viscosa  L.  %  PI.  118  (1753).  (Fig.  26.) 

Switch  Sorrel. 

Old  Harbour ;  Bed  Hills ;  Sloane  Herb.  v.  97 !  sea-coast,  Black  Eiver, 
Purdie !  Port  Royal  Mbs.  Prior  \  March  !  Hope,  J.P.  998,  Morris !  Port 
Henderson,  Campbell  \  Fl.  Jam.  6652. — All  warm  countries. 

Shrub  3-15  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-12  cm.  1.,  l*5-3'5  cm.  br.,  subobovate- 
wedge-shaped  to  oblong-obovate.  Inflorescence  about  half  as  long  as  the 
leaves  ;  longer  in  fruit.  Flowers  greenish-yellow,  often  hermaphrodite. 
Sepals  2-3  mm.  1.,  oblong.  Stamens  rather  shorter  than  the  sepals; 
filaments  scarcely  1  mm.  1.  Ovary  2  mm.  1. ;  style  3'5-4(-6)  mm.  1. 
Capsule  variable  in  size,  1-2  in  diam.  to  2-2  cm.  1.  and  2-5  cm.  br.,  round, 
notched  at  apex  and  base,  or  apex  subobcordate  and  base  subentire. 
Seeds  2*5-3  mm.  in  diam.,  black,  lens-shaped. 

Var.  angustifolia  Benth.  Fl.  Austral.  I.  476  (1863) ;  leaves 
4-12  mm.  br.,  linear-oblong  to  narrowly  oblanceolate ;  capsule 
12-16  mm.  br. — Hemsl.  in  Bot.  Cliall.  Exp.  Bermuda,  27. 
D.  angustifolia  Linn.  f.  Suppl  218  (1781)  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  150; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  128.  D.  jamaicensis  DC.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Genev.  i. 
pt.  2,  447  (1822)  £  Prodr.  i.  616  ;  Macf.  FL  Jam.  i.  165  ;  Britt.  Fl. 
Berm.  225.  Triopteris  erecta  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  191,2.  18,/.  1. 

Sloane  Herb.  v.  99 !  Houstoun !  Broughton  !  Shakspear  !  Macfadyen  ! 
Port  Royal  Mts.,  McNab !  Purdie !  Blue  Mts. ;  Liguauea  hills ;  Prior ! 
March  I  Morris  \  Kings  House,  Campbell  \  Cinchona,  5000  ft.;  Malvern, 
2200  ft. ;  Lititz  savanna,  300-900  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5887,  8578,  9658, 
11,753;  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock;  Cinchona,  G.  E.  Nichols! — All  warm 
countries. 

9.  HYPELATE  Sw. 

Tree  or  shrub.  Leaves  3-foliolate  ;  petioles  narrowly  margined. 
Flowers  small,  white,  polygamo-moncecious,  in  axillary  panicles. 
Sepals  5,  imbricate,  soon  falling.  Petals  5.  Stamens  8,  inserted 
on  the  disk,  shorter  in  the  female  flower,  and  more  or  less 
imperfect.  Ovary  3-celled,  rudimentary  in  the  male  flower ; 
ovules  2  in  each  cell.  Fruit  a  drupe,  flesh  thin,  1 -celled,  1 -seeded. 
Seed  without  endosperm ;  cotyledons  thin,  folded  on  themselves 
irregularly. 

Species  1,  native  of  Florida  Keys,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Cayman, 
Jamaica,  Hispaniola,  Mona,  Porto  Rico,  Anguilla,  St.  Martin. 

H.  trifoliata  Sw.  Prodr.  61  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  655,  t.  14 ; 
Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  387  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  163  ;  Deless.  Icon.  Hi.  23, 
t.  39;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  127  ;  Sarg.  Silv.  ii.  78,  tt.  80,  81  ; 
Urb.  Syinb.  Ant.  iv.  374;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl,  254. 
H.  fruticosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  208.  Cytisus  arboreus 
foliis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  141  &  Hist.  ii.  33  (cxcl.  t.  176,  /.  1). 


FLOKA    OF    .TAMAK  A 


Amyris  Hypelate  L.  Anum.  v.  37S  (1760).  A.  hypelate  & 
A.  Philipp;ea  A.  Robinson  //<*.  tt  <?.r  I/H?J.  jF/o?-/.  Jam.  i.  149,  150 
(1814).  A.  ?  Robinsonii  DC.  Prodi:  //.  82  (1825).  (Fig.  27.) 
Swartz's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Kio  Cobre ;  Ked  Hills ;  Sloane  Herb.  vi.  3 !  Wright !  Long  Mt. ; 
Salt  Pond  bill ;  Broughton  !  Shaksricar  !  Swartz  !  Wilson !  March  ! 
Long  Mt.,  350  ft. ;  Port  Henderson,  50  ft. ;  Ferry  Pen,  150  ft. ;  Rock  Fort ; 
Campbell  \  Watson's  Hill,  GOO  ft.;  near  Alligator  Pond;  near  Bull  Bay; 


Fig.  27.—Eypelate  trifoliata  Sw. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves 

and  flowers  X  §. 

B,  Male  flower  x  8. 

C,  Female  flower  x  3. 


D,  Ovary  cut  across  X  6. 

E,  Ovary  cut  lengthwise  X  12. 

F,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  6. 

(After  Sargent.) 


Long  Mt.,  200  ft. ;  Lititz  savanna,  300-900  ft. ;  Harris !  near  Salt  Ponds, 
Harris  &  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  5672,  5882,  6261,  6285,  6527,  7229,  9570,  9588, 
10,514,  11,754. — Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree  or  shrub  15-40  ft.  bigb ;  bark  witb  many  shallow  depressions. 
Leaves:  petioles  1-5-3-5  cm.  1. ;  leaflets  sessile,  2-5-5-5  cm.  1.,  obovate 
to  oblaneeolate,  lined  with  close  parallel  nerves.  Panicles  4-9  cm.  L, 
somewhat  longer  than  the  leaves,  glabrous.  Sepals  2-5-3  mm.  1., 
elliptical,  concave,  coloured.  Petals  about  2  mm.  L,  roundish-elliptical. 
Stamens  in  male  flowers  3  mm.  L,  exserted.  Drupe  6-8  mm.  1., 
ellipsoidal,  black. 

The  wood  is  very  heavy,  hard,  close-grained,  and  rich  dark  brown  in 
colour.  It  is  durable  in  contact  with  the  soil,  and  is  used  for  posts,  also 
in  shipbuilding  and  for  the  handles  of  tools.  (Sargent.) 


Exotliea 


SAPINDACE.E 


61 


10.  EXOTHEA  Macf. 

Tree  with  thin  scaly  bark.  Leaves  abruptly  pinnate  or 
3-(l)-foliolate.  Flowers  small  in  terminal  or  axillary  panicles, 
polygamo-dioecious.  Sepals  5,  imbricate,  persistent.  Petals  5. 
Stamens  7  or  8,  inserted  on  the  disk,  as  long  as  the  petals  in  the 
male  flower,  short  and  imperfect  in  the  female  flower.  Ovary 
2-celled,  rudimentary  in  the  male  flower  ;  stigma  globose  ;  ovules 
2  in  each  cell,  hanging,  collateral.  Fruit  a  globular  1-seedecl 
berry-like  drupe,  with  the  rudiment  of  the  second  cell ;  endocarp 
parchment-like.  Seed  without  an  aril,  without  endosperm ; 
cotyledons  fleshy ;  radicle  very  short,  enclosed  in  a  cavity  of  the 
seed-coat. 

Species  2,  one  a  native  of  Florida,  West  Indies,  and  Guate- 
mala, the  other  a  native  of  Mexico. 

E.  panieulata  Radlk.  in  Durand  Ind.  81  (1888)  (nornen),  & 
Sitzungsb.  K.  Bayer.  Akad.  xx.  276  (1891) ;  Sarn.  Silua.  it.  75, 
tt.  78,  79  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  746  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  374  ;  Britt. 


Fig.  28. — Exothea  panieulata  Radlk. 
A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  Female  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  5 


flowers  x  §. 
B,  Male  flower  x  5. 


D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

(After  S:\rgent.) 


&  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl.  254.  E.  oblongifolia  Macf.  Jam.  i.  232.  Meli- 
cocca  panieulata  Juss.  in  Mem.  Mus.  Paris,  Hi.  187,  t.  5  (1817). 
Hypelata  panieulata  Camb.  in  Mem.  Mus.  Paris,  .riiii.  32  (1829); 
Nook.  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  Hi.  227,  t.  7;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  127. 

(Fig.  28.) 


Gl'  FLORA    OF   JAMA! 

Wild   Gini'i>. 

Port  K»yal  Mts. ;  road  to  Friendship,  St.  David ;  M>i<fn>hicn\  Annotto 
Bay,  l.an,\  I'riurl  Xorbrook,  GOO  ft.,  ('(iinjthrll  \  Port  lloyal  Mts.;  near 
Troy,  1500  ft. ;  road,  Askeuish  to  Dolphin  Head,  000  ft. ;  Peckbam, 
Clarendon,  2300  ft.;  Jhtrrixl  Fl.  Jam.  5121,5829,6186,6532,6668,8688, 
10,277,  11,077. — Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Mona, 
Porto  Rico,  Vieques,  St.  Eustatius,  I  'r-irade,  St.  Vincent,  Guatemala. 

Tree  15-50  ft.  high  ;  bark  red  to  brown.  Leaves  :  petioles  '5-2 '5  cm.  1. 
on  flowering  branches;  leaflets  6-11  cm.  1.,  oblong-elliptical  to  elliptical, 
sessile  or  subsessile.  I'anicles  as  long  as,  or  longer  than  the  leaves,  the 
younger  branches  as  well  as  the  sepals  covered  with  yellowish  or  orange 
tomentum.  Flowers  white,  fragrant.  Sepals  of  female  flowers  3-5  mm.  1., 
elliptical,  reflexed  after  flowering,  of  male  flowers  shorter.  Petals  about 
as  long  as  the  sepals,  elliptical.  Fruit  about  1  cm.  in  diam. ;  pericarp 
dark  purple,  juicy,  when  ripe.  Seed  about  8  mrn.  in  diam. 

The  wood  is  very  hard  and  close-grained,  capable  of  receiving  a  beautiful 
polish.  Its  colour  is  bright  red-brown.  It  is  heavy;  a  cubic  foot  of  dry 
wood  weighs  60  Ibs.  It  is  used  for  piles,  as  it  resists  the  attacks  of  the 
Teredo  ;  also  for  boat-building,  etc.  (Sargent.) 


FAMILY  LXI.    RHAMNACE^B. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  (in  Rhamnidium) 
opposite,  penninerved  or  (in  Zizyplius)  3-nerved ;  stipules  small, 
sometimes  changed  into  spines.  Flowers  small,  hermaphrodite, 
generally  in  axillary  cymes  and  of  a  greenish  colour.  Calyx  :  tube 
obconical  or  top-shaped,  persistent ;  lobes  4-5,  valvate,  falling  off. 
Petals  4,  5,  or  none  (in  Zizyphus  CJdoroxylon  and  Krugiodendron), 
inserted  at  the  throat  of  the  calyx,  generally  smaller  than  the 
calyx-lobes,  hooded  or  infolded,  sessile  or  clawed.  Stamens  4-5, 
inserted  with  the  petals,  opposite  to  them  and  generally  enclosed 
by  them.  Anthers  versatile.  Disk  perigynous.  Ovary  free  or 
immersed  in  the  disk,  free  from  or  adherent  to  the  calyx-tube, 
3-(2-4)-celled.  Ovules  in  each  cell  1  (very  rarely  2),  erect  from 
the  base.  Fruit  free  or  adherent  at  lower  third  or  half  with  the 
persistent  calyx-tube  in  Colubrina,  completely  in  Gouania,  capsular 
or  drupaceous,  3-coccous  or  putamen  1-3-celled.  Seeds  solitary 
in  the  cells,  erect  ;  endosperm  fleshy,  often  scanty,  rarely  none. 
Embryo  large,  orthotropous  ;  cotyledons  flat  or  plano-convex. 

Species  about  500,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  regions  of 
the  world. 

Leaves  3-nerved.     Petals  wanting    1.  Zizyplius. 

Leaves   penuinerved    (3-nerved   at   base   in   Colubrina 

asiatica). 
Trees   or   shrubs,  not  climbing.     Fruit   superior  or 

half-inferior  in  Colubrina. 
Leaves  alternate. 

Petals  wanting 2.  Krugiodendron. 

Petals  present. 

Panicles   with   alternate    branches,    terminal 

and  axillary.     Calyx-tube  beneath  fruit...  3.  Sarcoinphalus. 


Zizyphus 


KIIAMXACE.K 


63 


Panicles  with  uinbelliform  cymules. 

Calyx-tube    forming    an    adherent    cupule 
round    base   of    fruit.      Leaves    entire 

(serrate  in  C.  asiatica) 4.  Colubrina. 

Calyx-tube     free     beneath    fruit.       Leaves 

serrate 5 .  PJi amnus. 

Leaves  opposite  or  subopposite 6.  Rhamnidium . 

Shrubs  climbing  by  tendrils.     Fruit  inferior,  crowned 

by  calyx 7.   Gouania. 


L  ZIZYPHUS  Juss. 

Trees  (or  shrubs).  Leaves  3(-5)-nerved ;  stipulate.  Cymes 
short,  axillary,  few-flowered.  Flowers  small,  greenish.  Calyx 
5-lobed  ;  tube  broadly  obconical,  persistent  beneath  the  fruit ; 


C 


D 


E 


Fig.  29. — Zizijphus  Chlorozylon  Oliv. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  l^af  and  C,  Unripe  fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  3. 

flowers  x  ?.  D,  Ripe  fruit,  nat.  size. 

B,  Flower  with  two  calyx-lobes  bent  E,  Ditto  cut  across,  nat.  size. 

down  x  G. 


t',4  FLORA    OF    JAMAICA  Zizyphus 

lobes  triangular-ovate,  acute,  spreading,  keeled  on  the  inside. 
Petals  5,  or  wanting  in  Z.  Chloroxylon.  Disk  5-cornered,  with  a 
free  margin.  Stamens  5.  Ovary  immersed  in  the  disk,  superior, 
2— (3-4)-celled  j  styles  2-3,  or,  in  Z.  Chloroxylon,  represented  by 
3  lobes  at  top  of  ovary.  Fruit  a  drupe,  putamen  l-(3)-celled. 
Seeds  plano-convex  ;  endosperm  scanty  or  none. 

Species  about  80,  natives  of  tropical  regions  in  Asia  and 
America,  fewer  in  Africa,  very  few  in  Australia;  some  species 
also  occur  here  and  there  in  subtropical  regions. 

Z.  Chloroxylon  Oliv.  in  Kew  Bull.  (1889)  127,  /.  &  in  Hook. 
Ic.  PL  t.  1862  (1889).  Grossularise  fructu  arbor  11011  spinosa  &c. 
Sloane  Hist.  ii.  85.  Chloroxylum  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
187,  t.  7,/.  1.  Laurus  Chloroxylon  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1010  (1759) 
A:  Amwn.  v.  378 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  285.  Ceanothus 
Chloroxylon  Nees  Syst.  Lanrin.  660  (1836),  (Fig.  29.)  Specimen 
from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linn se us. 

Cogwood,  Greenlieart. 

Red  Hills,  Sloane  vi.  94  !  Browne  !  Prior  \  March  !  T.  Harrison  \  Mocho, 
Four  Paths,  Whitney,  G.  Douct  \  Stewart  Castle,  Duncans,  Dewar  I 
Berwick,  Port  Koyal  Mts.,  2500  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris  I 
Somerset  Woods  near  Mandeville,  Harris  &  Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  5652, 10,605, 
11,200. 

A  high  timber  tree  with  wide-spreading  branches,  without  spines. 
Leaves  6-18  cm.  1.,  4-5-10  cm.  br.,  ovate-elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical, 
glabrous,  entire;  nerves  3,  reaching  to  the  apex,  somewhat  prominent 
beneath ;  petioles  5-12  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  corymbose,  2  cm.  or  less, 
young  parts  and  buds  densely  yellow-puberulous.  Cafo/cc-segments  fleshy, 
two-pitted  inside.  Fruit  subglobular,  16-20  mm.  in  diarn. ;  pericarp  hard 
and  brittle.  Seed  of  the  same  shape,  solitary. 

Z.  Jujuba  Lam.  introduced  from  the  tropics  of  the  Old  World,  has 
become  naturalized  in  the  Liguanea  Plain.  It  is  a  small  spiny  tree ; 
leaves  2 -5-6 -5  cm.  L,  roundish  to  ovate,  covered  beneath  with  a  dense 
woolly  pale-coloured  tomentum ;  fruit  fleshy  and  mealy. 

2.  KRUGIODENDRON  Urb. 

Shrub  or  tree,  without  spines.  Leaves  :  lower  on  the  branches 
generally  alternate  the  upper  generally  opposite  or  subopposite, 
penninerved,  subleathery,  entire,  persistent.  Inflorescence  cymose, 
umbel-like,  few-flowered,  glabrous.  Flowers  hermaphrodite. 
Calyx  5-(4-6)-parted  below  the  middle  ;  tube  very  short,  flattish, 
persistent  beneath  the  fruit  ;  lobes  keeled  inside,  narrowly 
triangular,  acute.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  equal  in  number 
to  the  sepals,  anthers  opening  laterally  inwards.  Disk  a  fleshy 
ring  surrounding  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Ovary  free,  2-celled  in 
appearance  only,  the  two  partitions  free  from  each  other  and  not 
quite  reaching  the  opposite  walls.  Ovules  1  in  each  compart- 
ment. Styles  2,  more  or  less  united.  Drupe  with  scanty  flesh  ; 


Krug  iodendron 


RHAMNACE^E 


65 


putamen  thin,  bony,  almost  always  1-celled.  Seed  with  coat 
adherent  to  the  endocarp  ;  endosperm  none.  Cotyledons  almost 
semiglobular. 

Species  1,  native  of  Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  West  Indies 
as  far  south  as  St.  Vincent. 


K.  ferreum  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  Hi.  314  (1902)  k  w.  375  ;  Britt. 
&  Millxp.  Bah.  Fl.  256.  Rhamuus  ferreus  VaJd  in  West  St.  Croix 
276  (1793)  (name  only)  &  Symb.  Hi.  41,  t.  58  (1794).  Zizyphus 
emarginatus  Sw.  Fl.  Ind.  Oc-c.  1954  (180^).  Ceanothus  ferreus 
DC.  Prodr.  ii.  30  (1825).  Scutia  ferrea  Brongn.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 


Fi<r.  30.— Kruyiodendron  ferreum  Urb. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  Ovary  cut  lengthwise  X  10. 

flowers  x  §.  D,  Ditto  cut  across  x  20. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  4.  E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  3. 

(E  after  Sareent.) 

ser.  1,  x.  363  (1827).  Condalia  ferrea  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
100  (1859).  Rhamnidium  ferreum  Sary.  Gard.  &  For.  iv.  16 
(1891)  &  Silv.  ii.  29,  t.  58.  (Fig.  30.) 

Black  Iron  Wood. 

Wright  I  Marchl  Blue  Mts.  (Tweedside;  Westphalia  road.  3500  ft.; 
Content  road.  luOO  ft. ;  near  Cinchona)  ;  Grandvale,  Westmoreland,  500  ft. ; 
Long  Mt.,  SOJit. ;  Great  Goat  Is. ;  PeckhHin,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harnx\ 
Health^bire  Hiil*  ;  Harris  &  Brittonl  11.  Jam.  5030,  5723,  5797,  7090, 
8593,  8935,  9306,  9316,  10,52i,  10,914,  10,982,  10,998,  11,186.— Distribution 
of  genus. 

Tree  15-50  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-6  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  roundi.-h-elliptical, 
apex  obtuse,  usually  emarginate.  Inflorescence  7-14  mm.  1.  Flowers 
greenish-yellow,  with  a  strong  almond-like  od  ur.  Calyx  2 '5-3  mm.  1. 
Stamens  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Drupe  7-9  mm.  1.,  black. 

V.  F 


66 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Sa/rcomphalus 


3.  SARCOMPHALUS  Griseb. 

Trees.  Leaves  glabrous,  entire.  Panicles  axillary  and 
terminal,  branches  alternate,  few-flowered,  corymbose.  Flowers 
small.  Calyx  5-lobed,  top  shaped ;  tube  persistent  beneath  the 
fruit ;  lobes  spreading,  keeled  on  the  inside.  Petals  5,  hooded, 
long-clawed.  Disk  covering  the  base  of  the  calyx.  Stamens  •">, 
free,  as  long  as  the  petals ;  anthers  opening  laterally  inwards 
in  bud ;  filaments  recurving  later.  Ovary  surrounded  by  the 
disk,  free  ;  style  simple,  shortly  2-lobed.  Drupe  dry,  superior  ; 
putamen  2-celled,  thick,  bony  ;  cells  1-seeded. 

Species  5,  natives  of  the  West  Indies. 

S.  laurinus  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Incl  100  (1859).  S.  foliis  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  1  71*  :  A.  jRobhtxon  If.  incd.  &  ]\T*.  Rhamnus 


D 


Jf'ig.  31. — Sarcomphalus  laurinus  Griseli. 

A    Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and  C,  Petal  and  stamen  from  the  bud  x  11. 

flowers  X  3.  B,  Flower  X  7. 

B,  "Flower-hud  cut  length  wise,  the  petals  E,  Fruit  cut  across;   c,  cell;   r,  re^in- 

enclosing  the  stamens  x  7.  cell  X  2. 

Sarcomphalus  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  937  (1759)  <\-  Amocn.  r.  395,  377. 
Ceanothusl  Sarcomphalus  DC.  Prodi:  it.  30  (1825);  Macf.  Jam. 
i.  210.  (Fig.  31.)  A  specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  by  Linnaeus. 


Sarcomphalus  RHAMNACEvE  67 


Bastard   Lignum  Vitae. 

In  fl.  Apr.  -Aug.  ;  in  fr.  July,  Aug.  ;  Wriglit  1  Broughton  !  between 
Kingston  and  Albion  on  Windward  road,  Macfadyen  1  March  !  Fort  Hen- 
derson; Liguanea  plain;  Long  Mt.  ;  Campbell  \  Great  Goat  Is.,  150  ft.; 
sea-coast  near  Bull  Bay;  Long  Mt.,  500  ft.;  hill  near  Ferry,  Liguanea 
plain,  200  ft.;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5883,6410,6499,6558,  9207,9305,  9571, 
9574,  9613,  10,035,  10,384. 

Tree  12-45  ft.  high,  to  2J  ft.  thick  ;  bark  thick,  scaly,  branchlets  some- 
times sparingly  armed  with  pungent  axillary  spines,  glabrous  bub  inflor- 
escence more  or  less  puberulous.  Leaves  3-9  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  broadly 
ovate  or  even  roundish  or  elliptical,  apex  obtuse,  emarginate,  leathery, 
penninerved  ;  petioles  '5-1  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  and  young  buds  more  or 
less  covered  with  ferruginous  tomentum.  Panicles  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  puberulous  or  glabrous;  pedicels  2-5-5  mm.  1.  Flowers  greenish- 
yellow  or  tawny-yellow.  Calyx  about  3'5  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  slightly 
thickened  at  apex.  Petals  5,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  acuminate- 
linear.  Stamens  recurved  in  the  open  flower.  Dish  white,  waxy.  Drupe 
2-celled,  ellipsoidal-globular,  about  9  mm.  1.,  8  mm.  br.  Seeds  hemi- 
spherical. 

The  wood  is  hard,  of  a  dark  colour  and  close  grain  ;  it  is  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  best  timber  woods  in  the  island.  (Browne.) 

Var.  Faweettii  Kr.  <t-  Url.  in  NotizU.  Bot.  Gart.  Berl.  i.  319 
(1897)  ifc  Symb.  Ant.  i.  357  ;  leaves  with  apex  obtuse  or  generally 
obtusely  acuminate,  membranous  ;  inflorescence  and  calyx  densely 
f  errugineous-tomentose  ;  pedicels  1*5—2  mm.  1.  —  Rhamnus  foliis  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  172,  t.  12,  /.  1. 

In  fl.  Dec.  ;  near  Bull  Bay,  200  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6677. 

Rhamnus  Sareomphalus  L.  was  referred  by  Rafinesque  to  his  Sarcom- 
phalus retusus  (Sylva  Telluriana,  no.  124,  1838)  ;  if  correct,  this  would  be 
the  earliest  tenable  name,  but  Kafmesque's  description  of  the  genus  as 
having  a  tetramerous  apetalous  flower  suggests  Rhamnus  rather  than 
Sarcomphalus. 

4.  COLUBRINA  L.  C.  Rich. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  penninerved  or  3-nerved  at  base  : 
stipules  small,  soon  falling.  Inflorescence  axillary,  paniculate 
with  umbelliform  cymules.  Calyx  5-lobed,  lobes  keeled  011  the 
inside,  spreading,  triangular-ovate,  tube  persistent  confluent  with 
the  fruit  (a  cupule).  Petals  5,  inserted  below  the  disk,  clawed, 
hooded.  Stamens  5,  enclosed  by  the  petals.  Disk  5-cornered 
or  5-10-lobed,  thick,  covering  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary 
immersed  in  the  disk  and  confluent  with  it,  3-celled  ;  style 
3-lobed  or  3-branched.  Fruit  subglobose,  capsular,  3-coccous, 
cocci  splitting  open  on  the  inner  side.  Seeds  flattish- 
ellipsoidal,  with  scanty  endosperm  ;  cotyledons  round  ,  flat  or 
incurved. 

Species  about  26,  chiefly  natives  of  tropical  America  and 
subtropical  N".  America,  one  widely  dispersed  through  tropical 


regions  of  the  Old  AVorld. 


F  2 


68  FLORA   OF  JAMAICA  Colubrina 

Leaves  entire,  penninerved. 

Leaves  rusty-tomentose  beneath  (rarely  glabrate). 
Capsule  with   cupule   reaching   half-way  from 

base  1.  C.  ferruginosa. 

Leaves  minutely  pubcrulous  beneath  or  glabrate. 
Capsule  with  cupule  reaching  one-third  from 

base  2.  C.reclinata. 

[Leaves  serrate,  3-nerved  at  base,  glabrous C.  asiatica.] 

1.  C.  ferruginosa  Brongn.  in  Ann.Sc.  Nat.ser.  1,  x.  360  (1827)  ; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  100  ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  377.    C  Colubrina 
Milhp.  in  Field  Col.   Mus.   Bot,  ii.   69(1900);  Britt.  &  Millsp. 
Bah.  FL  258.     Rhamnus  arboreus  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  172. 
R.  colubrina  Jacq.   Enum.    16   (1760),  Sel.  Stir  p.   Amer.   74,   & 
Ed.  pict.  t.  74.     R.  obscurus  Schrank  in  Syll.  PL  Nov.  Batisbon. 
202  (1824).     Ceanothus  colubrinus  Macf.  Jam.  i.  212  (1837). 

Greenheart,  Snake  Wood,  Black  Velvet,  Wild  or 
Mountain  Ebony. 

In  fl.  Sept. -May,  in  fr.  Oct.-July ;  Wright  !  Swartz  !  Moneague, 
Priori  March  \  J.P.  2023,  Morrisl  Corby,  St.  Cruz  Mts.,  1500  ft.;  Soho, 
St.  Ann,  1400  it.;  Harris  I  FL  Jam.  9686,  12,026.— Florida  and  Keys, 
Bahamas,  West  Indies  as  far  south  as  Antigua  and  Barbados. 

A  specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  named  in  Dryander's 
hand  "  Rhamnus  obscurus  Swartz."  The  specimen  mentioned  by 
Schrank  is  probably  of  the  same  collecting. 

Tree  20-40  ft.  high  ;  branchlets  rusty-tomentose.  Leaves  4-13  cm.  L, 
ovate-elliptical,  elliptical,  or  oblong-elliptical,  apex  obtuse,  or  shortly  and 
bluntly  acuminate,  usually  dark  brown  and  glabrous  above,  paler  and 
more  or  less  covered  with  rusty  tomentum  beneath,  or  glabrate  except  the 
nerves,  entire,  penninerved,  olten  with  a  few  dark  roundish  glands  beneath. 
Inflorescence :  peduncle  5-10  mm.  L,  pedicels  shorter  than  the  peduncle. 
Flowers  greenish.  Calyx  rusty-tomentose  on  the  outside;  lobes  2  mm.  1. 
Petals  about  2  mm.  L,  very  shortly  clawed.  Stamens  about  3  mm.  1. 
Style  3-lobed  at  apex.  Capsule  globular-top-shaped,  6-7  mm.  in  diam., 
7-8  mm.  1.,  twice  as  long  as  the  cupule,  black.  Seeds  about  4  mm.  L, 
flattened-ellipsoidal  or  roundish,  black,  shining. 

The  seeds  are  shot  out  by  the  elastic  dehiscence  of  tha  cocci,  which 
separate  when  ripe.  The  lower  halves  of  the  side  walls  of  the  cocci  are 
thinly  membranous  and  separate  somewhat  in  the  form  of  a  valve,  bending 
outwards,  thus  separating  the  cocci.  Suddenly  the  splitting  along  the 
inner  angle  of  the  coccus  extei  ds  upwards  to  the  apex  and  about  halfway 
down  the  back  of  the  endocarp  with  a  noise  like  the  cracking  of  glass,  and 
the  seed  is  shot  several  feet  away.  In  some  cases  the  dehiscence  of  the 
cocci  is  not  simultaneous,  and  the  seeds  from  the  one  which  opens  first, 
the  middle  coccus,  is  unable  to  escape  suddenly  and  merely  drops  out 
later  (see  fig.  32). 

The  seeds  of  this  and  other  species  are  used  for  making  necklaces  and 
other  ornaments. 

2.  C.  reelinata  Brongn.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  1,  x.  369  (1827) ; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  101  ;  Sari/.  Silva  ii.  49,  t.  66  ;   Urb.  torn.  cit.  378  ; 
Britt.   &  Millsp.   Bah.    FL   257.     Ceanothus  reclinatus  L'Herit. 
Sert.  Anal.  6(1 78£) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  211.     Rhamnus  arborescens  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam,.  172,  t.  29,  /.   2.     R.  ellipticus  Sw.  Prodr.  50 


Colubrina 


RHAMNACE.E 


69 


(1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  497;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew  i.  265;  A.  Robinson 
Ic.  ined  &  Ms.     (Fig.  32.) 

In  fl.  July-Feb. ;  in  fr.  Dec.-Mar. ;  Wright !  Port  Royal  Mts. ;  near 
Halfway  Tree ;  Macfadyen !  March !  Fort  Clarence  Hill,  50  ft. ;  Bound 
Hill,  St.  Cruz  Mts.,  2000  ft. ;  dry  rocky  hills,  Fort  Henderson ;  Harris ! 
Fl.  Jam.  9540,  9701,  10,152.— Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  West  Indies  as 
far  south  as  St.  Vincent,  Venezuela. 

Tree  12-15  ft.  high  and  more;  branchlets  glabrescent.  Leaves  2'5- 
7'5  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  acuminate,  glabrous  on  upper  surface,  minutely 


Fig.  32. — Colubrina  reclinatu  Brougii. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and       D,  Eipe  fruit  before  splitting,  cut  across 

fruits  X  f .  X  2. 

B,  Flower  x  7,  E,  Ripe  fruit  beginning  to  split  X  2. 

C,  Unripe  fruit  with  one  lobe  of  calyx        F,  Endocarp  of  one  coccus  after  splitting 

still  attached  x  4.  X  1£. 

puberulous  beneath,  entire,  penninerved,  often  with  a  gland  on  the  margin 
on  each  side  near  the  base  and  an  occasional  one  higher  up.  Inflorescence  : 
peduncle  3-8  mm.  1.,  pedicels  longer  than  the  peduncle.  Flowers  greenish. 
Calyx  puberulous  on  the  outside  ;  lobes  1  •  3  mm.  1.  Petals  about  I '  2  mm.  L, 
sessile.  Stamens  about  1-5  mm.  1.  Style  deeply  divided  into  three. 
Capsule  globular,  about  7 '5  mm.  in  diam.,  three  times  as  long  as  the 
cupule,  purplish-brown  or  orange-red.  Seeds  about  5  mm.  L,  flattened- 
ellipsoidal  somewhat  obovate,  blackish,  shining. 

[C.  asiatiea  Brongn.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  1,  x.  369  (1827); 
Griseb.  loc.  cit. ;  Laws,  in  Hook.  f.  FL  Brit.  Ind.  i.  642  ;    Guppy, 


70 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Colubrina 


Plants,  <lr.  W.  Indies,  200.  Ceanothus  asiaticus  L.  Sp.  PL  196 
(1753)  ;  Car.  Icon.  t.  440,  fig.  1.  Type  in  Herb.  Hermann  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Hoop  Withe. 

In  fl.  Apr. ;  naturalized ;  March !  near  Holland  Bay  on  banks  of 
Plantain  Garden  river,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  11,952.— Old  World  tropics. 

Bushy  shrub,  12  ft.  high,  glabrous,  with  long  trailing  branches.  Leaves 
4-7  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acuminate,  serrate,  3-nerved  at  base,  pinnate  above.] 

5.  RHAMNUS  L. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  penninerved.  Flowers  in  axillary 
clustered  pedunculate  cymes,  hermaphrodite  (in  R.  sphderospermd) 
or  polygamo-dioecious.  Calyx  5-(4)-lobed ;  tube  free  below  the 


Fig.  33. — Rhamnus  sphcerosperma  Sw. 
A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  X  §.  D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  4. 


B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  7. 

C,  Petal  X  11. 


E,  Embryo  X  3. 


fruit ;  lobes  triangular,  keeled  inside.  Petals  5  (4,  or  wanting), 
hooded,  inserted  on  the  margin  of  the  disk  above  the  ovary. 
Stamens  5  (4)  with  very  short  filaments.  Disk  covering  the 
tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary  free,  2-4-celled,  style  2-4-branched 


Bhamnus  EHAMNACE^E  71 

or  lobed.     Drupe  berry-like  with  3  (2-4)  pyrenes ;   pyrenes  not 
splitting  open  or  only  slightly.     Seeds  smooth. 

Species  about  170,  natives  chiefly  of  temperate  and  subtropical 
regions  of  America,  Asia  and  Europe,  few  in  the  tropics,  but  not 
occurring  in  tropical  Africa,  Australia  or  Polynesia. 

R.  sphserosperma  Sw.  Prodr.  50  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  499 ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  377.  Ceanothus?  sphserocarpus  DC.  Prodr.  ii. 
30  (1825);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  210.  Frangula  sphserocarpa  Griseb. 
Fl.  Er.  W.  Ind.  99  (1859).  (Fig.  33.) 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Jan.-July;  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadyenl  Mount  Teviot, 
St.  Andrew,  Purdiel  Priori  J.P.  1200,  Hart !  near  Blue  Mt.  Peak; 
Raymond  Hall,  3500  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2800  ft. ;  Harris  1  Fl.  Jam. 
5219,  5681,  11,089;  near  Moneague,  Britton  2663,  2713 !— Hispaniola, 
Porto  Rico. 

Tree  15-25  ft.  high.  Leaves  7-17  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  ovate-elliptical,  or 
oblong-elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  serrate,  glabrous  on  upper  surface, 
puberulous  or  glabrous  beneath ;  petiole  1-2  cm.  1.  Flowers  greenish. 
Calyx  5-lobed,  minutely  puberulous  outside;  lobes  I1 6-3  mm.  1.  Petals 
yellowish- white,  1  3-1  •  8  mm.  1. ;  clawed,  with  an  emarginate  blade.  Style 
3-lobed.  Fruit  globular,  about  7  mm.  1. ;  pyrenes  about  4  mm.  1.,  flattened  - 
ellipsoidal,  somewhat  3-cornered. 

6.  RHAMNIDIUM  Reissek. 

Small  trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite  or  subopposite,  penni- 
nerved ;  stipules  united  together  in  the  axil  of  the  petiole. 
Flowers  white.  Calyx  5-lobed,  lobes  triangular,  keeled  inside, 
tube  persistent  in  the  fruit,  not  adherent.  Petals  5,  hooded, 
clawed.  Disk  covering  the  tube  of  the  calyx  with  free  margin. 
Stamens  5,  enclosed  by  the  petals.  Ovary  surrounded  by  the 
disk,  free,  2-celled ;  style  short,  stigma  2-lobed.  Fruit  drupa- 
ceous, superior,  apiculate  with  the  base  of  the  style ;  endocarp 
membranous,  1— 2-celled.  Seed  without  endosperm ;  cotyledons 
obovat^  or  elliptical. 

Species  12,  natives  of  Brazil,  Cuba,  two  of  Jamaica. 

We  have  followed  Urban  in  assigning  the  two  following  species  to  the 
genus  Rhamnidium.  In  each  case  only  fruiting  specimens  are  known, 
and  the  character  of  the  endocarp  is  tough  and  leathery — certainly  not  to 
be  described  as  membranous. 

Apex  of  leaves  obtuse  or  acute.  Inflorescence 

paniculate 1 .  R.  jamaicense. 

Apex  of  leaves  shortly  and  bluntly  acuminate. 

Pedicels  in  clusters 2.  R.  dictyophyllum. 

1.  R.  jamaieense  Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant,  v.  409  (1908). 

On  sand  dune,  Great  Pedro  Bay,  Harris  I  FL  Jam.  97C8. 

Tree  30  ft.  bigh.  Leaves  4-6 -5  cm.  1.,  opposite  or  subopposite,  ovate  to 
elliptical,  apex  obcuse  or  acute,  base  retuse  or  subcordate,  papery ;  petiole 
1-2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  (in  fruit)  few-flowerod,  paniculate,  2-3 '5  cm.  1.; 


72  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Ehamnidiu  m 

pedunrle  6-12   mm.  1. ;    pedicels  6-9  mrn.  1.     Fruit  ellipsoidal-globose, 
15  era.  1.,  2-celled. 

2.    R.    dietyophyllum    Urb.    in    Fedde's    Repertorium,    xiii. 
459  (1914). 

Somerset  woods,  near  Mandeville,  Harris  &  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  10,606. 

Tree  35  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-10(-12-5)  cm.  1.,  opposite  or  subopposite, 
elliptical  or  ovace-elliptical,  apex  shortly  arid  bluntly  acuminate,  base 
rounded,  sometimes  oi.soletely  cordate,  papery-leathery;  petiole  6-10  mm.  1. 
Inflorescence  (in  fruit)  sessile,  few-flowered,  clustered ;  pedicels  4-7  mm.  1. 
Fruit  ellipsoidal-globose,  about  l-5  cm.  1. 

7.  GOUANIA  Jacq. 

Shrubs  climbing  high  by  means  of  tendrils,  formed  by  the 
mod  ideation  of  the  ends  of  branchlets.  Leaves  penninerved, 
large  ;  stipul*  s  soon  falling.  Flowers  small,  polygamous.  Inflor- 
escence racemose  or  spicate,  axillary  and  terminal ;  in  G.  lupu- 
loides  the  flowers  are  in  clusters  on  a  peduncle.  Calyx,  tube 
adherent  to  the  ovary,  lobes  5.  Petals  5,  inserted  below  the 
margin  of  the  disk,  hooded.  Stamens  5,  enclosed  at  first  by  the 
petals,  inserted  on  the  margin  of  the  disk.  Disk  5-lobed  ;  lobes 
alternate  with  the  stamens.  Ovary  immersed  in  the  disk,  3-ceUed; 
style  3- branched.  Fruit  inferior,  crowned  by  the  persistent 
calyx  ;  3- winged,  ,3-coccous  ;  cocci  not  splitting  open,  separating 
from  the  axis.  Seeds  convex,  with  scanty  endosperm ;  cotyle- 
dons roundish. 

Species  about  50,  chiefly  natives  of  S.  America,  also  of  tropical 
Africa  and  Asia,  one  of  Polynesia,  none  of  Australia. 

G.  lupuloides  Url>.  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  378  (1910).  G.  domingensis 
L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  1663  (1763);  Wright  Mem.  214;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot. 
387  ;  Marf.  Jam.  i.  209  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  101.  G.  glabra 
Ja<q.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  264,  t.  179,  /.  40  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  264, /.  96. 
Lupulus  sylvestris  &c.  Pink.  Phtjt.  t.  201,  /.  4.  Radix  fruti- 
cosa  etc.  Sloane  Cat.  214  &  Hist.  ii.  185,  t.  232,  /.  2,  3.  Banisteria 
lupuloides  L.  Sp.  PI.  427  (1753).  Rhamnus  sarmentosus  &c. 
Brvwne  Hist.  Jam.  172.  R.  domingensis  Jacq.  Enum.  17  (1760). 
(Hg.  34.)  Specimen  from  Plukenet  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcvi.  158. 

Chaw-stick,  Chew-stick. 

In  fl.  Aug.-Nov.  ;  in  fr.  Nov.,  Dec.;  Wright !  Hacfadyenl  Wilson ! 
Yallahs  valley,  17UO  ft.  ;  Gordon  Town  road,  751)  ft. ;  Iron  Face,  Chester 
Vale  3000  ft. ;  Hope  Gardens ;  Harris !  E-obertsfield,  Fawcett !  Fl.  Jam. 
6841,  8424,  10,0^.4. — Florida,  Bahamas,  West  Indies  as  far  south  as 
Grenada,  Central  America. 

Shrub  tt  ailing  over  shrubs  and  trees  to  20ft.  long,  supported  by  the 
tendrils.  Leaves  5-9  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  elliptical,  usually  shortly  and  bluntly 
acuminate,  base  rounded  or  subcordate,  crenate-serrate,  serratures  distant, 
often  little  developed,  with  or  without  minute  glands,  glabrous,  glabrescent, 
or  glabrate,  nerves  tapering  towards  the  margin.  Inflorescence  pubescent, 


Gouania 


RHAMNACE.E. 


73 


not  tomentose.  Flowers  yellowish- green.  Calyx  pubescent  outside,  1*5- 
2  mm.  1.,  lobes  about  1  m.  1.  Petals  as  long  as  the  calyx- lobes.  Capsule  : 
wings  8-9  mm.  1.  Seeds  2  5-3  mm.  1. 

This  species  is  an  agreeable  bitter,  used  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in 
ginger-beer  and  cool  drinks.      The  infusion   has  been  used  in  cases   of 


Fig.  34. — Gouania  lupuloides  Urb. 


A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  x  \ . 

B,  Flower  X  7. 

C,  Fruit  X  2. 


D,  Fruit  cut  across  X  4. 

E,  Seed  X  4. 


debility  to  restore  the  tone  of  the  stomach.  It  has  been  recommended  for 
dropsy.  In  powder  it  forms  an  excellent  dentifrice.  A  tincture  also  is 
used  as  a  wash  in  disease  of  the  gums.  Chew-stick  is  also  a  substitute 
for  the  tooth-brush  itself.  (Macfadyen.) 


FAMILY  LXII.    VITACE^  (AMPELIDACE^E). 

Woody  vines,  with  a  copious  watery  sap  and  with  swollen 
jointed  nodes,  climbing  by  means  of  tendrils  which  are  sterile 
peduncles  or  sometimes  simple  branches  of  the  flowering  peduncles. 
Leaves  alternate,  simple  or  digitately  3-foliolate,  stipulate.  Inflor- 
escence paniculate,  opposite  the  leaves.  Flowers  greenish-yellow 
(red  in  Cissus  microcarpa),  regular,  hermaphrodite  or  unisexual. 


74  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Vitis 

Calyx  small,  with  4  or  5  teeth  or  lobes.  Petals  4  or  5,  soon 
falling,  valvate.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  opposite  to 
them,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  disk  or  between  its  lobes.  Disk 
between  the  stamens  and  ovary.  Ovary  generally  surrounded 
by  the  disk,  usually  2-celled  ;  cells  with  2  ascending  anatropous 
ovules.  Fruit  a  berry,  usually  1-2-celled ;  cells  1-2-seeded. 
Seeds  with  cartilaginous  endosperm,  at  the  base  of  which  is  the 
short  embryo. 

Species,  400  to  450,  natives  of  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. 

Inflorescence  paniculate  with  main  axis  indeterminate, 

but  branches  cyrnose   1.  Vitis. 

Inflorescence  spike-like  2.  Ampeiocissus. 

Inflorescence  corymbose 3.  Cissus. 

1.  VITIS  L. 

Shrubby  climbing  plants  with  tendrils  opposite  the  leaves  or 
produced  from  the  ends  of  the  peduncles.  Leaves  simple,  variously 
lobed.  Inflorescence  with  main  axis  indeterminate,  but  branches 
cymose,  with  or  without  a  tendril.  Flowers  polygamo-dioacious, 
the  male  flower  like  the  hermaphrodite,  but  with  longer  stamens 
and  an  undeveloped  pistil.  Calyx  cup-shaped  with  5  teeth,  more 
or  less  indistinct.  Petals  5,  cohering  at  the  tips,  the  whole 
corolla  usually  separating  from  the  base  before  expansion  and 
soon  falling  away.  Disk  of  5  hypogynous  glands  adhering  more 
or  less  between  themselves  and  to  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Berry 
2-celled.  Seeds  1  or  2  in  each  cell,  pear-shaped. 

Species  about  80,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  espe- 
cially of  the  temperate  regions. 

V.  tilise folia  Huml).  &  Bonpl.  ex  Roem.  &  Sclmlt.  Syst.  v.  320 
(1819);  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  379.  V.  fructu  minore  &c.  Sloane 
Cat.  171  &  Hist.  Jam.  ii.  104,  t.  210,  /.  4.  V.  vinifera  sylvestris 
<tc.  Pluk.  Phyt.  t.  249,  f.  1.  V.  sylvestris  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
178.  V.  Abutili  folio'  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  257,  t.  259, 
/.  1.  V.  labrusca  L.  Sp.  PL  203  (1753)  (in  part,  as  regards  syn. 
Pluk.  &  Sloan.}.  V.  indica  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  95  (1791).  V.  caribsea 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  634  (1824) ;  Wright  Mem.  256  ;  Mac/.  Jam.  i.  181 ; 
Griseb.  FL  Er.  W.  Ind.  102 ;' Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  v.  330; 
Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  756.  (Fig.  35.) 

Water   Withe,  Wild   Grape. 

In  fr.  Sept. ;  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  31 !  and  Petiver's  coll.  clxii.  229  !  Wright ! 
Brougnton\  Massonl  Macfadyenl  McNabl  Prior;  March  I  Blue  Mts., 
Hitchcock;  J.P.  887,  1016,  Morris  I  near  Brown's  Town,  1000  ft.;  near 
Troy,  2000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7086,  9367.— U.S.A.  (Florida  to  Louisiana 
and  Texas),  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew, Guadeloupe,  S.  America  to  Ecuador. 

Stem  sometimes  as  thick  as  2  dm.  in  diam.,  running  up  to  the  top  of 
high  trees,  giving  off  few  branches.  Branches,  young  leaves  and  inflor- 


Vitis 


VITAClLffi 


75 


escence  covered  with  reddish  or  whitish  tomentum,  persistent  on  under 
surface  of  older  leaves.  Leaves  '5-2  dm.  1.,  cordate-roundish,  mucronate- 
toothed,  undivided  or  obscurely  angulate-3-lobed,  rarely  divided  into  3  to 
5  cuspidate  lobes.  Berries  globular,  6-7  mm.  in  diarn.  Seeds  2  or  3. 

"  The  fruit,  though  somewhat  austere,  with  its  sweetish  piquancy  is 
not  unpleasant,  and  is  very  much  eaten  as  well  by  way  of  desert  as  made 
into  tarts.  The  vine  growing  on  dry  hills  in  the  woods  where  no  water  is 


Fig.  35. — Vitis  tilicefolia  Humb.  &  Bonpl. 

A,  Portion  of  stem  with  leaf,  fruit,  and       D,  Fruit  of  V.  labruxca  cut  lengthwise, 

tendrils  X  .L.  enlarged. 

B,  Bud  throwing  off  the  united  petals  X  7.        E,  Seed  of  ditto  cut  lengthwise,  enlarged. 

C,  Ditto,  petals  having  fallen  x  7.  F,  Ditto  cut  across,  enlarged. 

(D,  E,  F  after  A.  Gray.) 

to  be  met  with,  its  trunk,  if  cut  into  two-  or  three-yards-long  pieces,  and 
held  by  either  end  to  the  mouth,  there  issues  out  of  it  so  plentifully  [about 
a  pint]  a  limpid,  innocent  and  refreshing  water  or  sap  as  gives  new  life  to 
the  drougthy  traveller."  (Sloane.)  "By  proper  management  and  with 
little  expense,  a  generous  rough  wine  might  be  made  from  the  fruit." 
(Wright.)  "  The  berries  make  first-class  jelly."  (C.  F.  Baker  on  ticket  of 
specimen.) 

2.  AMPELOCISSUS  Planch. 

Shrubby  climbers ;  tendrils  branches  of  the  flowering  peduncles. 
Leaves  simple,  entire  or  lobed.     Flowers  polygamo-moiicecious  or 


76  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Ampelocissus 

hermaphrodite,  in  a  spike-like  inflorescence.  Calyx  cup-shaped, 
with  5(-4)  lobes  or  subentire.  Petals  (in  Jamaican  species)  5, 
touching  valvately  with  the  margins  infolded,  apex  of  each  free 
from  the  rest,  spreading  during  flowering.  Disk  hypogynous, 
forming  a  ring  adherent  to  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Berry  sub- 
globose,  2-4-seeded.  Seeds  boat-shaped  or  3-cornered,  or  (in 
Jamaican  species)  triangular-ovoid. 

Species  65,  natives  ot  the  tropics,  chiefly  in  Africa  and  Asia, 
but  also  in  America  and  Australia. 

Young  branches  and  underside  of  leaves  with  reddish 

wcolly  cobwebby  hairs.  Leaves  3(-5)-lobed 1.  A.  Robinsonii. 

Young  branches  and  underside  of  leaves  with  whitish 
hairs.  Leaves  not  lobed,  or  sometimes  with  a  small 
lobe  on  each  side  above  the  middle 2.  A.  Alexandri. 

1.  A.  Robinsonii  Planch,  in  DC.  Monogr.  v.pt.  2,  415  (1887); 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  16.      Irsiola  scandens  foliis  corclatis  trifidis  v. 
pentafidis  rugosis,  baccis  nigris  majoribus  racemosis  A.  Robinson 
ex  Litn.  Hort.  Jam.  ii.   316.     Cissus  rugosa  DC.  Prodr.  i.   629 
(1824);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  179  (1837). 

Longville,  Clarendon  Mts.  A.  Robinson. — Hispaniola. 

Brandies  slender,  younger  covered  with  reddish  woolly  cobwebby  hairs. 
Leaves  4-10  cm.  in  diam.,  alternate,  cordate-ovate,  3-lobed,  sometimes 
with  2  other  lobes  at  base,  5-nerved,  toothed,  puberulous  on  the  upper 
surface,  with  reddish  woolly  cobwebby  hairs  beneath.  Calyx  subentire. 
Petals  oblong.  Stamens  5.  Ovary  surrounded  by  the  disk.  Berries  as 
large  as  the  ccmmon  grape  (fide  Robinson).  Seeds  triangular-ovate. 

"  The  general  aspect  of  this  plant  is  exactly  that  of  a  true  vine." 
(Planchon.) 

2.  A.  Alexandri  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.   15  (1909);  Britton  in 
Bull.   Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xxxix.  12  (1912). 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Dec. ;  Mt.  Diablo,  Prior ;  Union  Hill,  near  Moneague, 
15CO  ft. ;  Britton  &  Hollick  2767. 

Brandies  (flowering)  to  3'5  mm.  thick,  with  whitish  hairs.  Leaves 
14-20  cm.  1.,  11-14  cm.  br.,  cordiform,  deeply  and  broadly  cordate  at  the 
base,  apex  long  and  narrowly  acuminate,  not  lobed,  or  with  a  small 
triangular  lobe  on  each  side  above  the  middle,  margin  irregularly  crenate, 
with  very  short  and  sparse  hairs  on  upper  surface,  with  short  hairs  beneath, 
especially  on  the  nerves,  membranous,  5-nerved.  Calyx  5-lobed,  *5  mm.  1., 
lobes  about  as  long  as  the  tube.  Petals  1'5  mm.  1.  Berry  depressed 
globose,  black,  shining,  1'5  cm.  in  diam.  Seeds  '2  or  3,  depressed-obovoid, 
slightly  rugose,  rather  deeply  and  broadly  grooved,  5  mm.  1.,  4  mm.  br. 
The  description  of  the  berry  is  from  Britton  loc.  cit. 

3.  CISSUS  L. 

Shrubby  plants,  generally  climbing  by  means  of  tendrils. 
Leaves  simple  or  3-foliolate.  Inflorescence  a  corymbose  cyme, 
divided  more  or  less  umbellately,  generally  opposite  a  leaf. 


Cissus  VITACE.E  77 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamo-monoecious.  Calyx  short, 
subentire.  Petals  4,  ovate-oblong,  spreading  during  flowering, 
distinct  or  sometimes  more  or  less  cohering  before  flowering. 
Disk  4-lobed.  Ovary  2-celled ;  cells  2-ovuled.  Berry  l-(4)- 
seeded.  Seeds  ovoid  or  obtusely  3-cornered. 

Species  about  300,  mostly  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Leaves  simple 1.  C.  sicyoides. 

Leaves  with  3  leaflets. 

Flowers    greenish-yellow.       Leaflets    l'5-5   cm.   1., 

deeply  toothed  above  the  middle 2.  C.  trifoliata. 

Flowers  red.     Leaflets  6-10  cm.  1.,  setaceous-serrate   3.  C.  microcarpa. 

1.  C.  sieyoides  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  897  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  376  ; 
Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  22,  L  15  &  EL  pict.  t.  20;  Wright  Mem. 
250,  412;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  48;  D.iscourt.  Fl.  Ant.  v.  29,  t.  311. 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  178  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  lad.  102  ;  Planch,  in  DC. 
Monogr.  v.  521  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  757  ;  Urb.  Sym'>.  Ant.  iv.  379  ; 
Britton  Fl.  Berm.  229;  Britt.  &  Mil'sp.  Bah.  Fl.  260.  Bryonia 
alba  geniculata  &c.  Sloans  Cat.  106  &  Hist.  i.  233,  t.  144,  /.  1. 
Irsiola  scandens  tfec.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  147,  t.  4,  /.  1,  2. 
Spondylantha  aphylla  Presl  It  el.  Haenk.  ii.  35,  t.  53  (1836) 
(a  monstrous  form  of  the  inflorescence  with  branches  and  flowers 
in  whorls).  Vitis  sicyoides  Morales  in  Pory  Repert.  i.  206  (1866) ; 
Bak.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  202  ;  Urb.  in  Eayl.  Jahrb.  xv.  324. 
Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Snake  Withe,  Wild  Yam,  Yaws  Bush,  Bastard  Bryony. 

In  fl.  after  rains  throughout  the  year  ;  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega  ;  Rio  Cobre  ! 
Black  River ;  SLoane  Herb.  iv.  89,  90 !  Browne ;  Broughton  !  Distin  \ 
McNabl  Wilson  \  Prior;  March\  Charlemont,  near  Ewarton,  1000  ft.; 
Green  Valley,  Blue  Mts.,  1800  ft.;  Harrisl  Providence  road,  near 
Castleton,  Thompson !  Port  Antonio,  Lucea,  Hitchcock.  Fl.  Jam.  6672, 
6767,7654. — Bermuda,  Florida,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  Margarita,  Curacao, 
Aruba,  Tres  Marias  Is.,  tropical  continental  America. 

Glabrous.  Stem  with  tendrils,  climbing  or  creeping;  branches  jointed, 
rounded.  Leaves  simple,  variable,  oblong  to  cordate-ovate,  or  ovate,  base 
generally  subtruncate  or  wedge-shaped,  minutely  toothed,  teeth  bristle-like, 
far  apart,  5-15  cm.  1.  Cymes  usually  shorter  than  the  opposite  leaf, 
forking  2  or  3  times.  Flowers  small,  greenish-yellow  or  white  or  purplish. 
Berry  obovoid-globose,  black,  8-10  mm.  1. 

This  species  climbs  to  a  great  height  on  trees  and  rocks,  sending  down 
bundles  of  long  cord-like  tibres,  which  take  root  when  they  reach  the 
ground.  Even  when  the  stem  is  cut  across  the  upper  part  still  survives 
and  roots  again  by  the  descending  fibres.  It  is  trained  to  cover  arbours, 
affording  a  clo-e  bhade,  remaining  green  in  the  driest  seasons.  Ic  is 
used  as  an  application  to  sores  (e.g.  yaws),  and  as  a  substitute  for 
adhesive  plaster.  The  leaves  bruised  in  water  make  a  lather  like  soap. 
(Macfadyen.) 

2.  C.  trifoliata  L  Syst.  ed.  10,  897  (1759)  (uon  Sp.  PL  ed.  2, 
170  (1762)  which  is  C.  microcarpa  Vahl) ;  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp. 
Amer.  23  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv  380 ;  Brilt.  <&  Mdlsp.  loc.  cit. 


78  FLnUA    OF   JAMAICA  Cissus 


Sicyos  trifoliata  /,.  %  PL  1013  (1753).  Oissus  acida  /,.  ,S>.  PZ. 
ed.  2,  170  (17t>U)  :  Stf.  Ofcs.  #of.  49;  Jarq.  llort.  Schocnbr.  i.  14, 
/.  33  (excl.  syn.  Rumph.)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  179;  Griscb.  loc.  cit.: 
Plauch.  torn.  cit.  534  (excl.  v'ar.)  ;  Sm«ZZ  JY.  £#.  Z7.&  757. 
Bryonoides  trifoliatum  indicum  &c.  Pink.  Pliyt.  t.  152,  /.  2. 
Bryonia  alba  triphylla  geniculata,  foliis  crassis  acidis  Sloanr 
Cat.  106  &  Hist.  i.  233,  /.  142,  /.  5,  6.  Irsiola  triphylla  scandens 
et  claviculata  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  147.  Vitis  trifolia  minor  Ac. 
P/?*w.  PZ.  JLmer.  (Burm.)  259,  /.  259,  /.  5.  A  specimen  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  C.  acida  by  Linnaeus  with  a  specimen  of  another 
species  on  the  same  sheet. 

Sorrel   Vine. 

In  fl.   May-Sept.  ;   near   St.   Jago   de  la  Vega  ;   Bio   Cobre  ;    Sloaiie, 
Herb.  iv.  87,  88  !  Broughton  1  Distin  \  March  \  Great  Goat  Is.  ;  Cane  River 
valley,  300  ft.  ;    Great  Pedro  Bay  ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  9300,  9634,  9939.- 
Florida    and    Keys,    Cuba,     Hispaniola,    Mona,    Porto    Rico,    Vieques, 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Jan,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique,  Colombia,  Guiana. 

Glabrous.  Stem  climbing  with  tendrils  over  shrubs  and  low  trees  ; 
branches  somewhat  succulent,  more  or  less  jointed  and  flexuose.  Leaves 
with  3  leaflets  ;  leaflets  fleshy,  obovate-wedge-shaped,  deeply  toothed  above 
the  middle,  1-5-5  cm.  1.  ;  teeth  close  together,  spreading.  Cymes  long- 
stalked,  longer  than  the  opposite  leaf.  Flowers  long-stalked,  greenish- 
yellow  or  creamy-yellow.  Petals  slightly  hooded  at  apex.  Berry  ovoid- 
globose,  mucronate,  black,  l-(2)-seeded,  6-7  mm.  1. 

All  parts  of  the  plant  have  an  acid  taste.  This  species  can  be  used  like 
the  preceding  to  cover  arbours.  The  monstrous  form  (Spondylanthd) 
occurs  also  in  this  species. 

3.  C.  mieroearpa  Vahl  Eclog.  i  16  (1796);  C.  trifoliata 
L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  170  (1762)  (non  ed.  1)  :  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  50  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  i.  180  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (omitting  syn.  C.  obovata,  C.  caustica, 
C.  intermedia)  ;  Planch,  torn.  cit.  546.  C.  alatus  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp. 
Amer.  23  (1763)  -(as  regards  syn.  and  hab.  Jamaica).  Bryonia 
alba  triphylla  maxima  Sloane  Cat.  106  &  Hist.  i.  233,  t.  144,  /.  2. 
Irsiola  triphylla  scandens,  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  147. 
Vitis  foliis  ternatis  tfcc.  Plum.  Ic.  ined.  Hi.  t.  167  &  PZ.  Amer. 
(Burm.)  258,  t.  259,  /.  4.  V.  trifoliata  BaJc.  FL  Bras,  xw.pt.  2, 
212,  t.  50,  /.  2.  (Fig.  36.)  A  specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named 
C.  trifoliata  by  Linnaeus.  Specimen  from  Dr.  W.  Wright, 
Jamaica,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  named  C.  trifoliata  by  Swartz. 

In  fl.  July-Sept.  ;   near   St.   Jago   de   la  Vega,  Sloane,  Herb.  iv.  91  ! 
Broughtonl   Bertero  ;    Distinl   Prior;    March;    J.P.  1044,    1198,   Morris  ! 
Annotta  Bay,  Thompson  \  St.  George,  2200  ft.  ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.  ;  Green 
Valley,  St.  Andrew,  2000  ft.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6472,  7662,  8759,  12,392.- 
Cuba,  Mexico,  Nicaragua,  Surinam,  Ecuador,  Brazil. 

Glabrous.  Stem  with  few  tendrils;  climbing  over  trees,  &c.,  to  a 
length  of  90  ft.  ;  branches  below  4-winged,  above  angled.  Leaves  with 
3  leaflets  ;  terminal  leaflets  subrhomboid-elliptical,  lateral  obliquely  ovate, 
unequal-sided,  all  mucronate-serrate,  6-10  cm.  1.  Cymes  many-flowered, 
shorter  than  the  opposite  leaf.  Flowers  small,  red.  Petals  ovate-oblong, 


Cissus 


VITACE^E 


79 


Fig.  36. — Cissus  microcarpa  Vahl. 


A,  Leaf  and  inflorescence  X  f . 

B,  Flower  bud  x  4. 

C,  Flower  X  5. 

D,  Flower  with  petals  removed, 

cut  lengthwise  x  11. 


E,  Ovarv  cut  across  x  11. 

F,  Fruit  X  2. 

G,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  2. 


usually  free,  sometimes   cohering  to   form   a   lid.     Berry   ovoid-globose  ; 
about  8  mm.  1.,  purple. 

C.  quadrangularis  L.  Mant.  39  (1767)  has  4  wings  on  the  thick  fleshy 
stems,  and  simple  leaves.  It  was  introduced  from  the  East  Indies  by 
Mr.  Hinton  East. 


C.  (?)  eueurbitaeea  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xxxvii.  35-'» 

(1910). 

Dry  rocky  hillside,  Fort  Henderson,  Britton  d  Hollick,  1812  ;  base  of 
Healthshire  Hills,  climbing  to  a  height  of  20  ft.  on  mangrove,  &c.,  Harris  & 
Britton  1  M.  Jam.  10,512. 

Woody,  high-climbing  vine.  Stem  to  7*5  cm.  thick  at  base;  twigs  and 
leaves  fleshy.  Leaves  b-10  cm.  L,  triangular-ovate,  cordate,  sinus  wide 
open,  5-nerved,  pinnately  veined,  remotely  dentate  with  apiculate  teeth, 
rough  on  both  sides  with  short  stiff  hairs,  or  when  old  papillose  ;  petioles 
2-3  cm.  1.  Tendrils  slender,  1-2  dm.  1.  Flowers  and  fruit  not  known. 

The  position  of  the  tendrils  at  the  side  of  the  leaf-base  and  the 
bicollateral  vascular  bundles  suggest  that  these  specimens  belong  to  the 
GucurbitacecB. 


80  FLORA   OF  JAMAICA  Leea 

Leea  sambucina  Willd.  Sp.  i.  1177  (1797)  is  naturalized  in  woodland 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Castleton  Gardens.  The  flowers  are  small,  white, 
in  corymbose  cymes  opposite  the  terminal  leaf.  The  5  stamens  are  united 
below  into  a  wide  tube,  deeply  5-lobed  at  mouth,  adhering  below  to  the 
tube  of  the  petals ;  anthers  on  inside  of  tube,  alternate  with  the  lobes, 
united  by  their  edges.  The  ovary  is  6-celled,  and  berry  subglobose 
flattened  at  top,  purple-black,  with  6  seeds.  The  leaves  are  bi-ternate, 
5-9  dm.  1. 


FAMILY  LXIII.    TILIACE^E. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs.  Leaves  alternate,  rarely  opposite  or 
subopposite,  simple,  entire,  toothed  or  lobed.  Stipules  usually 
present.  Inflorescence  axillary  or  terminal,  generally  cymulose, 
cymules  sometimes  solitary,  few-flowered,  sometimes  in  corymbs 
or  panicles.  Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite  or  sometimes  poly- 
gamous (Elyeocarpus).  Sepals  5  (4-7),  free,  or  cohering,  or  united 
into  a  bell-shaped  calyx,  generally  valvate.  Petals  usually  as 
many  as  sepals,  sepaloid  (in  Sloanea},  or  wanting,  inserted  round 
the  base  of  the  receptacle.  Stamens  indefinite,  usually  borne  on 
a  development  of  the  receptacle  and  free.  Anthers  2-celled, 
opening  usually  longitudinally  or  sometimes  by  a  chink  at  the 
apex (Sloanea  and  Elseocarpus).  Ovary  free,  sessile  on  the  recep- 
tacle or  gonophore,  2-10-celled.  Style  usually  simple,  awl-shaped, 
with  as  many  lobes  at  apex  as  ovary-cells.  Ovules  attached  to 
the  interior  angle  of  the  cells,  anatropous  or  subanatropous. 
Fruit  2-10-celled,  or  with  only  1  cell  developed,  or  the  cells 
divided  longitudinally  or  transversely  by  partitions  of  later 
growth  between  the  seeds  into  many  cells ;  dry,  drupe-like  or 
berry-like  and  not  opening,  or  separating  into  cocci,  or  opening 
by  as  many  valves  as  true  cells.  Seeds  solitary  or  indefinite; 
endosperm  fleshy,  plentiful  or  scanty,  very  rarely  wanting. 
Embryo  straight,  rarely  incurved ;  cotyledons  ovate  or  roundish- 
cordate  ;  radicle  next  the  hilum. 

Species  380,  dispersed  through  the  world,  numerous  in  the 
tropics,  fewer  in  temperate  regions,  wanting  in  alpine  districts 
and  in  the  arctic  and  antarctic  circles. 

Herbs  or  shrubs. 

Fruit  covered  with  hooked  prickles 1.  Triumfetta. 

Fruit  a  herbaceous  capsule 2.  Corchorus. 

Trees. 

Fruit  berry-like 3.  Muntingia. 

Fruit  a  woody  capsule 4.  Sloanea. 

1.  TRIUMFETTA  L. 

Herbs,  undershrubs,  or  shrubs,  usually  with  star-shaped 
hairs.  Leaves  variable  in  size  and  shape,  often  with  3-5  angles 


Triumfetta  TILIACE.E  81 

or  lobes,  generally  irregularly  toothed-serrate,  teeth  sometimes 
glandular.  Flowers  yellow,  axillary  or  opposite  the  leaf,  few  or 
Densely  clustered,  sometimes  a  terminal  raceme  or  panicle  with 
the  leaves  becoming  small,  bract-like,  or  wanting.  Sepals  5, 
often  coloured  yellow,  the  apex  more  or  less  concave  or  hooded 
(in  T.  Bartramia  shaped  like  a  minute  helmet),  usually  apiculate. 
Petals  5,  sometimes  wanting,  the  base  thickened  or  pitted 
forming  a  gland,  inserted  round  the  base  of  the  receptacle  which 
is  more  or  less  raised  and  bears  the  stamens  and  pistil  (gonophore). 
Stamens  indefinite,  inserted  on  the  gonophore  which  is  generally 
5-glandular  and  with  a  saucer-shaped  expansion  above  (disk). 
Ovarv  of  2-5  cells  :  ovules  2  in  each  cell ;  stigma  2-5-toothed. 

*/  o 

Fruit  subglobose,  dry,  glabrous,  puberulous,  or  more  or  less 
tomentose,  covered  with  prickles,  2-5-celled,  often  splitting  as 
the  pericarp  and  partition  walls  decay  ;  prickles  hooked  at  apex 
and  hispid  with  minute  hairs  pointing  backwards  or  glabrous,  or 
pilose.  Roadside  weeds. 

Bur -weed,  Bur -bush. 

Species  about  150,  natives  of  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. 

Prickles  of  fruit  glabrous 1.   T.  Bartramia. 

Prickles  of  fruit  hispid. 

Body  of  fruit  glabrous   2.  T.  semitriloba. 

Body  of  fruit  tomentose  or  puberulous  witb  stellate 

hairs. 
Petals  present. 

FruitS-celled  3.  T.  hispida. 

Fruit  2-celled  4.  T.  Sloanei. 

Petals  wanting. 

Fruit  4-5  mm.  in  diarn.     Stipules  5-6  mm.  1....  5.  T.  Lappula. 
Fruit  2-2 '5  mm.  in  diam.     Stipules  2-5  mm.  1.  6.  T.  heterophylla. 

1.  T.  Bartramia  L.  Syst,  ed.  10,  1044  (1759);  leaves  with 
minute  stellate  hairs  on  upper  surface,  stellate-torn entose  beneath, 
usually  soft  to  the  touch;  stipules  3-5  mm.  1.,  linear-awl-shaped, 
glabrate  on  both  sides  with  ciliate  margins ;  flower-bud  broader 
near  the  apex  than  below  and  5-lobed  ;  sepals  hairy  outside,  apex 
helmet-like,  long  apiculate ;  fruit  3  mm.  in  diam.,  tomentose, 
prickles  glabrous,  half  as  long  as  diam.  of  fruit,  or  less. — Fawc.  tt 
Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  224.  T.  villosa  &c.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  233.  T.  rhomboidea  Jacq.  Enitm.  PI.  Carib.  22  (1760); 
Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  147,  t.  90,  &  Ed.  pict,  t.  134;  Lindl.  Coll. 
Bot.  t.  29;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  Ill;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  96; 
Harv.  &  Sond.  Fl.  Cap.  i.  227  ;  Masters  in  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  i.  257 
(in  part)  &  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Br.  Ind.  i.  395 ;  K.  Scltum.  in  Fl. 
Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  132,  t.  27,  /.  1  ;  Trim.  FL  Ceyl.  i.  179  ;  Sprague  & 
Hutch,  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xxxix.  266  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  '2, 
1351.  T.  rhombesefolia  Sw.  Prodr.  76  (1788) ;  Wright  Mem.  274. 
T.  indica  Lam.  Encyc.  Hi.  420(1789)?  T.  rhombifolia  Sw.  FL 

V.  G 


82 


FLORA   OF    JAMAICA 


Triumfctta 


Intl.  Occ.  863  (1798).  Lappula  Benghalensis  tkc.  Phik.  Plnji. 
t.  41,  /'.  5.  I'.artramia  indica  L.  Sp.  PL  389  (1753).  B.  Lappago 
Gur'rin.  Fruct.  it.  137,  t.  Ill  (1791).  (Fig.  37)  Type  in 
Herb.  Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Two  specimens  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.  Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb. 
Mu--.  Brit. 

Paroquet  Bur. 

Wriyhtl    Macfadyen\    Wilson  \    Mt.    Diablo;    Hope   estate;    Prior  \- 
Found  throughout  the  tropics,  naturalized  in  Florida. 

Undcrshrub    or    perennial   herb,   to    3    ft.    and   more    high.      Leaves 
4-8  (2-5-9)  cm.  1.,  broadly  ovate  or  rhomboid,  3-5(-7)-nerved,  often  some- 


Fig.  B7.—Triumfetta  Bartramia  L. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  X  g.  D,  Fruit  x  4. 

B,  Flower-bud  x  4.  E,  Prickle  from  fruit  X  11. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  4.  F,  Fruit  cut  across  X  4. 

(A  after  K.  Schumann.) 

what  3-lobed,  irregularly  toothed,  teeth  sometimes  glandular.  Sepals 
6-8  mm.  1.,  narrowly  oblong.  Petals  two-thirds  as  long  as  sepals,  obovate- 
oblanceolate.  Stamens  about  15.  Ovary  of  2  or  3  cells,  with  1  or  2  ovules 
in  each  cell,  secondary  walls  arise  between  the  ovules  if  two  develop  in  a 
cell,  so  that  an  ovary  may  become  4-  or  6-celled.  Gonophore  and  ring 
present.  Fruit  2-6-celled ;  partition  walls  not  easily  recognised,  as  they 
are  soft  and  soon  decay,  liberating  the  seeds ;  seed-coats  hard. 

The  bark  soaked  for  8  or  10  days  in  water,  then  washed  and  dried, 
makes  a  white  strong  hemp.     (Wright.) 

2.   T.  semitriloba  Jacq.  Enum.   22   (1760)   (excl.   syn.),  Sel. 
Stirp.  Amer.  147   &  Hort.  Vindob.  Hi.  t.  76  (omitting  the  fruit); 


Triumfetta  TILIACEyE  83 

leaves  generally 'stellate-tomentose  and  soft  to  the  touch  on  both 
sides;  stipules  5-8  mm.  1.,  base  deltoid  to  lanceolate,  awl-shaped 
above,  glabrous  on  upper  surface,  hirsute  beneath  ;  sepals  scarcely 
hooded,  shortly  apiculate,  with  minute  stellate  hairs  outside  or 
glabrescent;  pistil:  parts  in  threes;  fruit  4-5  mm.  in  diam., 
glabrous,  3-celled,  partition  walls  bony,  thick ;  prickles  hispid. - 
L.  Mant.  73  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  110  ;  Masters  in  Hook.  f.  FL  Brit.  Ind. 
i.  396  ;  K.  Srftum.  torn.  cit.  134  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  760  ;  Sprague 
&  Hutch,  torn.  cit.  262  ;  Britton  FL  Berm.  231 ;  Britton  &  Millsp. 
Bali.  FL  263  ;  Faivc.  &  Hendle  torn.  cit.  225.  T.  Lappula  Hemsl. 
Bot.  Chall.  Exp.  Bermuda  23  (non  L.}.  Lappula  Bermudensis  &c. 
Pink.  Plnjt.  t.  245,  /.  7.  Specimen  from  Plukenet  in  Herb. 
Sloane  xcvi.  128,  and  specimens  from  Hort.  Yindob.  without 
fruit  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Houstoun  !  Wright  \  Distin  \  St.  Mary,  McNab  \  Wilson  !  Moneague, 
Priori  near  Cinchona,  J.P.  939,  1144,  Morris !  near  Ewarton,  950  ft., 
Harris !  FL  Jam.  6617 ;  Port  Morant ;  Port  Antonio ;  Porus ;  Lucea ; 
Hitchcock;  Newcastle  and  road  thither;  Mt.  Diablo;  Ridley  I — Florida, 
Bermuda,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America,  Mauritius, 
Tenasserirn. 

Undershrub  or  herb  woody  below,  2-7  ft.  high,  and  more  ;  stems  above 
tornentellous  or  more  or  less  with  silky  hairs.  Leaves  4-10  (2-5-20)  cm.  1., 
broadly  ovate,  subcordate,  3-lobed  or  3-angled,  the  middle  lobe  larger 
3-5(7)-nerved,  upper  leaves  ovate  to  oblong  and  lanceolate  or  linear- 
oblong,  apex  generally  acuminate,  irregularly  toothed,  teeth  sometimes 
subglandular.  Sepals  5-8  mm.  1.,  narrowly  oblong.  Petals  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  sepals,  oblong-oblanceolate.  Stamens  15-25,  filaments 
generally  hairy  at  base.  Carpels  3,  gonophore  and  disk  present.  Seeds 
I  or  2  in  each  cell. 

3.  T.  hispida  A.  Bicli.   in  Sar/ra   Cub.  x.  81   (1845);  leaves 
pubescent — mostly  with  long  simple  hairs  and  sometimes  minute 
stellate    hairs,    on    upper    surface,    stellate-tomentose    beneath ; 
stipules   6-7   mm.  1.,  lanceolate,   acuminate,   glabrous  on  upper 
surface,    hairy    beneath  ;    sepals    long    apiculate,    with    whitish 
villose  down  outside ;  carpels  3  ;  fruit  3-4  mm.  in  diarn.,  tomen- 
tose,  3-6-celled,  prickles  hispid. — Grisel.  in  Bonplandia  (1858)  3 
&  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  96. 

Wright !  Broughton  \  Bancroft !  Spanish  Town  road,  HcNab  \  March  \ 
Hope  estate,  Prior  1  Norbrook,  Liguanea  plain,  600  ft.,  Campbell !  FL  Jam. 
6123  ;  Constant  Spring,  Ridley ! — Cuba,  Isle  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Yucatan, 
Panama,  Colombia,  Ecuador. 

Undershrub.  Leaves  2'5-7  cm.  L,  ovate,  with  or  without  3  angles  or 
lobes,  acute  or  acuminate,  irregularly  toothed,  teeth  sometimes  glandular. 
Sepals  5-8  mm.  1.  (and  more),  linear-oblong.  Petals  somewhat  shorter 
than  the  sepals,  narrowly  elliptical  narrowing  towards  the  base.  Stamens 
about  20.  Gonophore  and  disk  present. 

4.  T.  Sloanei  Fawc.  &  Eendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  225  (1921); 
leaves  with  minute  stellate  hairs  on  the  upper  surface,  stellate- 
tomentose  beneath,  usually  soft  to  the  touch  ;  stipules  thread- 


84  FL01JA    OF    JAMAICA  Trinmfi-lfn 

like  with  a  short  lanceolate  base,  hispid;  sepals  linear,  apex 
incurved  slightly  but  not  hooded,  shortly  apiculate,  puberulous 
outside:  rarprls  '2  ;  fruit  3-3 '5  mm.  in  cliam.,  tomentose, 
2-celled  ;  prickles  hispid,  two-thirds  as  long  as  diain. — Agrimonia 
lappacca  £</.  Sloane  Cat.  92  &  Hist.  i.  111.  Types  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit, 

St.  Jago  do  la  Viga,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  31 !  Constant  Spring,  Ridley  \ 
L'ndcrslirub.  Leaves  3-7  cm.  L,  ovate  or  rhomboid  to  lanceolate, 
3-5-nerved,  often  somewhat  3-lobed,  base  obtuse  to  acute,  somewbat 
regularly  toothed.  Sepals  5-7 '5  mm.  L,  -8-1-2  mm.  br.  Petals 
4-5-6  mm.  L,  1'3  mm.  br.  near  apex,  oblanceolate.  Stamens  about  15. 
Gonophorc  and  disk  present. 

5.  T.  Lappula  L.  Sp.  PI.  444  (1753) ;  (excl.  syn.  PluJc.  &  Sloane) 
base  of  leaves  often  subcordate ;  stipules  5-6  mm.  L,  ovate- 
triangular,  long  acuminate,  glabrous  on  upper  surface,  hairy 
beneath ;  sepals  3-4  mm.  1. ;  petals  wanting ;  carpels  2 ;  fruit 
4-5  mm.  in  diam.,  puberulous  with  stellate  hairs,  prickles  hispid.- 
Jftcq.  Emim.  PI.  Carib.  22  &  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  146 ;  Lam. 
Encyc.  in.  419  &  Hlustr.  t.  400;  Desc.  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  133,  t.  101  ; 
llacf.  Jam,  i,  109  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  95  ;  Hemsl  in  Biol. 
Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  138  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  384 ;  Spragw  d  Hutch, 
torn.  cit.  262,  t.  17,  f.  11.  T.  fructu  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.) 
253,  t.  255.  T.  Plumieri  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  137,  t.  Ill  (1791). 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  with  leaves  only,  named  by  Linnaeus. 
A  similar  specimen  in  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wright !  Macfadyenl  Kingston,  Priori  near  Gordon  Town,  Balll 
Constant  Spring ;  Port  Morant ;  Hitchcock ;  Charlernont,  near  Ewarton, 
1000ft.;  Hope  road,  700  ft. ;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6614,  8217.— West  Indies, 
tropical  continental  America,  Cape  Verde  Is.  and  Mauritius. 

Herb  woody  below,  or  under  shrub,  2-5  ft.  high,  velvety  with  stellate 
down.  Leaves  4-12  cm.  L,  roundish  or  ovate,  with  or  without  3-5  angles 
or  lobes,  upper  gradually  getting  smaller,  and  sometimes  oblong,  very 
irregularly  toothed,  stellate-tomentose  on  both  sides,  or  only  beneath  with 
scattered  stellate  hairs  on  the  upper  surface,  soft  to  the  touch.  Inflorescence 
paniculate,  leafy  at  the  base ;  peduncles  and  pedicels  2-3  mm.  1.  Sepals 
linear-oblong,  hooded,  shortly  apiculate,  hairy  outside.  Gonophore  minutely 
tube rculate,  hairy ;  glands  and  disk  wanting.  Stamens  10(6-15).  Fruit 
normally  2-celled,  but  with  the  development  of  both  ovules  in  one  cell  or 
in  both  cells  sometimes  apparently  3-4-celled. 

6.  T.  heterophylla  Lam.  Encyc.  Hi.  420  (1789)  (excl.  syn.); 
base  of  leaves  usually  wedge-shaped;  stipules  2-3'5(-5)  mm.  1., 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  apex  hairy,  base  glabrous  on  both  sides  ; 
sepals  4*5-6  mm.  1.  ;  petals  wanting;  carpels  2;  fruit  1'5  mm. 
in  diam.,  tomentose,  prickles  hispid, — Hemsl.  torn.  cit.  137  ; 
K.  Sclmm.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  139,  t.  27,  /.  2. 

Hanover,  Purdie  1 — Central  America  and  tropical  South  America. 
Herb  woody  at  the  base,  or  under  shrub  t  2-5  ft.  high.     Leaves  4-11  cm.  L, 
ovate,  acuminate,  with  or  without  3-5  angles  or  lobes,  upper  subrhomboid 


Triumfetta  TILIACE.-E  85 

to  oblong-lanceolate,  usually  irregularly  toothed,  more  or  less  tomentose. 
Peduncles  and  pedicels  1  •  5-2  •  5  mm.  1.  "Sepals  linear,  very  shortly  apiculate, 
hairy  outside.  Stamens  about  10.  Gonoplwre  very  short,  without  glands, 
disk  indistinct. 

2.  CORCHORUS  L. 

Herbs,  under/shrubs,  or  small  shrubs,  with  simple  or  some- 
times stellate  hairs.  Leaves  serrate,  usually  with  stipules  soon 
falling.  Peduncles  1 -few-flowered,  very  short,  axillary  or 
opposite  a  leaf.  Flowers  small,  yellow.  Sepals  and  petals  5  (4). 
Stamens  indefinite  or  sometimes  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals, 
free,  inserted  on  the  receptacle.  Ovary  2— 5-celled ;  ovules 
numerous  in  each  cell.  Capsule  sometimes  pod-like,  sometimes 
short  or  subglobose  and  covered  with  hairs,  loculicidally 
2— 5-valved,  with  many  seeds,  sometimes  with  transverse  par- 
titions between  the  seeds.  Seeds  hanging  or  horizontal,  with 
endosperm ;  embryo  generally  curved,  with  leafy  cotyledons. 

Species  .about  55,  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Calyx  more  than  4  mm.  1. 
Leaves  with  teeth  equal. 

Capsule  2-celled,  with  4  short  erect  points  at  apex...  1.  C.  siliq-uosiis. 

Capsule  3-celled ;  beak  erect  2.  C.  orinoccnsis. 

Capsule  4-celled,  woolly  3.  C.liirsutus. 

[Leaves  with  2  lowest  teeth  ending  in  a  long  bristle. 

Capsule  5-celled C.  oUtorius.~\ 

Calyx  not  more  than  4  mm.  1.     Capsule  3-celled,  horns 

horizontal,  when  ripe   4.  C.  cestuans. 

1.  C.  siliquosus  L.  Sp.  PL  529  (1753)  &  ed.  2,  746;  leaves 
with  teeth  equal ;  calyx  6-7  mm.  1. ;  capsule  2-celled,  not  beaked 
but  with  4  short  erect  points  at  apex,  transverse  partitions 
wanting.- -Wright  Mem.  281  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  219  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i. 
106 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  97  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  382  ;  Small 
Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  760;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  262.  C.  linearis 
Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Corchoro  affinis  chamsedryos  &c.  Sloane 
Cat.  50  &  Hist.  i.  145,  t.  94,  /.  1.  Coreta  foliis  minoribus  £c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  147  1  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  in  Solander's  hand. 

Broom  Weed. 

In  fl.  after  rains,  Sloane  Herb.  ii.  122  !  Browne  \  Broughton !  Mac- 
fadyen  !  Purdic  !  Wilson  !  March  \  Moneague,  Priori  Blue  Mts.,  Rotliroclc ; 
Kingston  ;  Bog  Walk  ;  Porus  ;  Port  Morant ;  Port  Antonio  ;  HitcJicock  ; 
sea-coast,  Priestman's  river  district;  Whitehall,  St.  Thomas;  Harris  1 
Liguanea  plain,  Campbell !  Golden  Spring,  Thompson  \  Fl.  Jam.  5955, 
6156,  6178,  8037. — Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  continental 
America  from  Texas  to  Guiana  and  Colombia. 

A  somewhat  shrubby  herb,  1  to  3(-6)  ft.  high ;  stem  and  branches 
usually  with  a  line  of  short  hairs.  Leaves  small,  variable  in  size,  2-4  cm.  1. 
(4  mm.-7  cm.  L),  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  glabrous 
or  with  a  few  hairs  on  nerves  beneath ;  petioles  hairy  on  upper  surface. 


86 


•I:  \    "F  JAMAICA 


ary.     /'. '<//.s  5  6  mm.  1.    ('ni>sul. 
linear.  ais    hut    minutely  puhrrulou^    along    tin;    lino   of    si>p:i  rat  i<>n 

hot  \\. -I'll  the  vaht  - :  transverse  divisions  wanting,  bui  somctinu  .•>  indicn 
by  line-..      N.  ;:lar  with  truncate  ends,  bln<'-hla<-l:.  al>"Ut   1  mm.  1. 

I',  rowings  description  docs  n«i  with  the  UST]  '!  I  lowering  spd-im 

Linnauis  (N/i.  /'/'.  . ,/.  •_'.  TK'.'i  appears  to  think  that  his  description  refers  to 
1  lowers  in  th> 

•2.  C.  orinoeensis  //".  ./;.  »t  A'.  JVow.  ^-//.  ,!•  ,S>.  p.  337  (IS-J3)  ; 
Icaxt's  with  tci'tli  equal;  calyx  7-N  mm.  1.  :  capsule  -"'-\alved, 
ulaljrous.  \\  ith  erect  beak  and  transverse  partitions. —  Urb.  Sijinl. 
Ani  ic.  .IS^.  C.  pilobolus  (inrt.  mult.  (11011  L'nik,  fide  Urban). 
C.  hirtus  var.  orinoeensis  K.  Srltu)n.  in  FJ.  I'>r<ix.  xii.  pf.  •>,  127 
(1886).  (Fig.  38.) 

Yallev  of  Rio  Cobre,  Priori  Kingston,  Grablifim\  Hope  Ground-, 
700  ft.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6856.— Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Guadeloupe,  Dominica, 
St.  Vincent,  Curacao,  Arizona,  Mexico,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Peru,  Bolivia. 


A,  Portion  of  stem  in  flower  x  §. 

B,  Flower  X  3. 

C,  Capsule  cut  across  before  splitting 

X5. 


Fig.  38. — Corchorus  orinoeensis  H.  B.  &  K. 

D,  Capsule  opened  and  most  of  the 

seeds  fallen  out,  nat.  size. 

E,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  x  11. 

F,  Ditto  cut  across  X  11. 


Cor  chorus  TILIACE.E  87 

Herb,  woody  below,  with  1  or  2  branches,  to  3  ft.  high,  densely 
puberulous  on  one  side,  at  length  glabrate.  Leaves  3-10  cm.  1.,  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  on  branches  often  narrowly  elliptical,  glabrous,  but 
middle  nerve  generally  with  a  few  hairs;  petioles  9-13  mm.  1.,  densely 
puberulous  on  the  upper  surface ;  stipules  3-4  mm.  1.,  thread-like, 
puberulous.  Peduncles  1-flowered,  3-4  mm.  1.  in  flower,  5-6  mm.  1.  in 
fruit,  puberulous,  at  length  glabrate,  generally  2  together.  Petals 
4-5  mm.  1.  Ovary  3-celled.  Capsule  4-6  cm.  1.,  linear-cylindrical;  beak 
4-5  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  1*2  mm.  1.,  of  irregular-cubical  shape,  somewhat 
angular,  black. 

Kunth  described  the  capsule  as  2-celled  without  mention  of  transverse 
partitions,  but  in  all  the  specimens  that  we  have  seen,  it  is  as  described 
above.  Urban,  who  has  seen  the  type  specimen,  has  determined  the 
specimens  from  Prior  and  Harris  as  C.  orinocensis.  The  species  is  closely 
allied  to  the  widely  distributed  Old  World  C.  trilocularis  L. 

3.  C.  hirsutus  L.  Sp.  PL  530  (1753) ;  leaves  with  teeth  equal  ; 
sepals  6  mm.  1. ;  capsule  4-celled,  woolly  with  a  short  erect 
beak.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  t.  104;  Jacq.  SeL  /8'fr'rp.  Amer. 
165  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  157  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  ;  Urb.  loc.  cit. ;  Britt.  & 
Mittsp.  Bah,  FL  262.  C.  lanuginosus  Macf.  Jam.  L  108  (1837). 

Liguanea,  Broughtonl  on  Windward  road  between  Albion  and  the 
eleventh  milestone  ;  near  Mocha  House,  St.  David's  ;  Macfadyen  !  Me  Nab  ! 
Wilson !  gravel  of  Falls  river,  Prior !  March !  Kings  House,  J.  P.  13ol, 
Morris  1  Liguanea  plain  ;  Rock  Fort ;  Campbell !  Mona  woodland,  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5780,  5888,  6253,  6543.— Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  Africa. 
There  is  an  interpolated  specimen  in  Sloane's  Jamaican  Herbarium  vol.  iv. 
before  fol.  58,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  it  came  from  Jamaica. 

Undershrub  2-5  ft.  high,  covered  with  soft  star-shaped  pubescence. 
Leaves  2-4*5  (6)  cm.  L,  oblong-ovate,  lanceolate,  or  elliptical.  Peduncle 
bearing  a  cluster  of  2-6(-8)  pedicels.  Sepals  oblong-lanceolate.  Petals 
obovate,  about  as  long  as  the  sepals.  Stamens  indefinite,  shorter  than  the 
petals,  with  the  ovary  on  a  slightly  raised  receptacle,  which  is  saucer- 
shaped  ;  anthers  versatile.  Ovary  4-celled.  Capside  12  mm.  1.,  oblong- 
ellipsoidal,  "  oblong-conical,  curved  so  as  to  resemble  the  form  of  the 
cornucopia.'"  (Macfadyen.)  Seeds  irregularly  ellipsoidal,  smooth, 
1-5-2  mm.  L,  black. 

[C.  olitorius  L.  Sp.  PL  529  (1753);  leaves  with  the  two 
lowest  teeth  pointing  backward,  and  ending  in  a  long  bristle ; 
calyx  7-8  mm.  1.  ;  capsule  5-celled,  beak  long,  erect,  valves  with 
transverse  partitions  between  the  seeds. — Lam.  Encyc.  //.  103  & 
Illustr.  t.  478;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  308,  t.  64;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2810; 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  108  ;  Masters  in  Oliv.  FL  Trop.  Afr.  L  262  &  in 
Hook.  f.  FL  Br.  Lid.  i.  397;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  97; 
K.  Sclmm.  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  126  ;  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Prod. 
Ind.  &  Comm.  Prod.  Ind. ;  Britt.  <0  Mittsp.  Bali.  FL  262.  Alcea 
cibaria  &c.  Phik.  Pliyt.  t.  127,  /.  3.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  by  Linmeus. 

Jews  Mallow. 

Naturalized,  Black  River,  Harris!  Fl.  Jam.  9961,  12,499.— Wild  and 
cultivated  in  India  and  tropical  Africa,  naturalized  or  cultivated  in  most 
tropical  countries.  Specimens  in  Plukenet's  Herbarium  in  Herb.  Sloane 
xcv.  28 ;  xcix.  37  ! 


88  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Corchorus 

Annual  herb,  1-9  ft.  high ;  stems  woody  at  the  base,  usually  glabrous. 
Leave*  7-10  (2-12)  cin.  1.,  oblong-ovate,  apex  acute,  base  usually  truncate, 
glabrous.  Flowers  solitary  or  2  together.  Petals  as  long  as,  or  longer 
than,  the  sepals.  Capsule  5-7  cm.  1.,  with  the  projections  made  by  the 
seeds  distinct,  prominent.  Seeds  l'5-2  Him.  1.,  brownish,  triangular- 
rhoniboidal,  roughish  with  raised  lines. 

This  species  is  used  as  a  pot-herb ;  the  leaves  afford  a  substitute  for 
spinach.  In  India  the  emollient  leaves  are  used  in  infusion  as  a  refrigerant 
in  fevers  and  also  in  dysentery ;  the  dried  plant  toasted  and  powdered  is 
used  in  visceral  obstructions.  The  commercial  fibre,  jute,  is  obtained 
from  this  species  and  from  C.  capsularis  L.J 

4.  C.  sestuans  L.  Syst.  cd.  10,  1079  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  379  ; 
leaves  with  the  two  lowest  teeth  equal  to  the  rest  or  one  or  both 
ending  in  a  bristle ;  calyx  3-4  mm.  1.  ;  capsule  3-celled,  6-angled 
with  2  or  3  of  the  angles  winged,  beak  with  3  entire  or  2 -fid 
horns,  horns  becoming  horizontal,  transverse  partitions  indicated 
by  raised  lines. — Jacq.  Hort.  Vindob.  t.  85  ;  Lam.  Encyc.  ii.  104  & 
Illustr.  t.  478  ;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  308,  t.  64  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  504  ; 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  107  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  97  ;  Fawc.  &  Rendle 
in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  225.  C.  coreta  Elmgren,  Amoen.  v.  398. 
C.  acutangulus  Lam.  loc.  cit. ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  505  ;  Wiglit  Icon.  t. 
739  ;  Mast,  in  OUu.  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  &  in  Rook.  f.  Fl.  Br.  Ind. 
i.  398;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.;  K.  ScJium.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  125, 
t.  26, /.  2;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  w.  381  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  1351. 
C.  campestris  Macf.  Jam.  i.  107.  Lysimachia  non  papposa  cV:c. 
Phil-.  Plnjt.  t.  44,  /.I.  C.  olitorius  L.  (FL  Zeyl  213,  speci- 
mens in  Herb.  Hermann).  Triumfetta  subvillosa  &c.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  232,  t.  25,  /.  1.  Type,  Browne's  specimen,  in 
Herb.  Linn. 

Broivne  !  Rock  Fort,  BrougJiton  !  Macfadyen.  Plukenet's  specimens  in 
Herb.  Sloane  xciii.  11 ;  xcvi.  168  !  Tropics  of  both  worlds. 

Annual  or  perennial  herb ;  stem  woody  at  the  base,  hairy  all  over  or 
along  one  line.  Leaves  3-7  (2-8)  cm.  L,  ovate,  sometimes  roundish, 
rarely  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  base  rounded,  petioles  hairy.  Flowers 
2-3-clustered.  Sepals  broader  above.  Petals  3-4  mm.  L,  obovate-elliptical, 
shortly  clawed.  Capsule  l'5-2'5(-3)  cm.  L,  glabrous.  Seeds  disk-like, 
thick,  scarcely  angular,  dark  brown,  usually  less  than  1  mm.  1. 


3.  MUNTINGIA  L. 

Small  tree,  with  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  alternate,  simple, 
toothed,  stipulate.  Peduncles  1-flowered,  2  or  3  together, 
axillary  or  supra-axillary.  Sepals  and  petals  5  (6,  7).  Stamens 
indefinite,  free,  inserted  round  the  outside  of  the  cup-like  disk. 
Ovary  surrounded  by  hairs.  Cells  of  the  ovary  and  berry  5  (6,  7) ; 
placenta  in  each  cell  hanging  from  the  apex.  2-cleft,  densely 
covered  with  numerous  ovules ;  stigma  sessile,  sublobed.  Fruit 
a  berry.  Seeds  very  small,  enclosed  in  pulp ;  embryo  in  the 


Muntingia 


TILIACE.-E 


89 


middle    of   endosperm,    straight ;    cotyledons    small,    continuous 
with  the  thick  radicle. 

Species   1,  native  of  Jamaica,  Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola, 
Trinidad,  and  tropical  continental  America. 

M.  Calabura  L.  Sp.  PL  509  (1753)  &  Amam.  v.  379 ;  Jacq. 
Sel.  Stir  p.  Amer.  166,  t.  107  &  Ed.  plct.  t.  158;    Gaertn.  Fruct.  i. 


B 


Fig.  39.— Muntingia  Calabura  L. 


F 


A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  X  §. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

C,  Ovary  maturing,    cut  across,   showing 

the  2-cleft  placenta,  x  4. 


across  below  to  show  how  it  is  folded 
X  4. 

E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  3. 

F,  Fruit  cut  across  X  3. 


D,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise    to  expose    the        G,  Seed  cut  lengthwise,  enlarged. 


placenta,  one  branch  of  which  is  cut 


(F,  G  after  Karsten.) 


285,  t.  59  ;  Swartz  Obs.  Sot.  211  ;  Tussac  Fl  Ant.  iv.  59,  t.  21  ; 
Descourt.  FL  Ant.  v.  243,  t.  308;  Macf.  Jam.  L  111 ;  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ind.  98;  Karst.  FL  Col.  u.  55,  t.  128;  K.  Sclium.  in  Fl. 


90  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  M'i>nfimji<i 

.lira*,  .ni.pt.  3,  ll'iO,  /.  34, /.  1.  M.  podunculis  unifloris  L.  H>rt. 
Cli/.  L'02  (1737).  M.  fruticosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  "1 1-5. 
M.  rosea  Karst.  !<><'.  rif.  (186_).  Loti  arboris  folio  angustiore  Arc. 
Sfoane  Oat.  1G2  &  ///V.  //.  8l),  /.  194, /.  1.  (Fig  39.)  Specimens 
in  Hurt.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mtis.  Brit,  and  in  Herb.  Linn. 

In  H.  and  fr.  throughout  the  year;  near  Ferry  and  Guanaboa,  Sloane 
Herb.  vi.  80!  Houstounl  Brounhton\  Shak spear  \  Macfadyenl  McNabl 
Wilson;  dry  bed,  Falls  river,  Priori  Miu-cli\  J.P.  684,  Jenman\  Green 
Valley,  .Vo/ris!  also  Cradicickl  Liguanea  plain,  GOO  ft.,  Campbell \  also 
700  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5717,  6555.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola, 
St.  Vincent,  Trinidad,  tropical  continental  America. 

Tree  10-40  ft.  high,  or  shrub ;  branchlets  densely  covered  with  villose 
hairs,  generally  mixed  with  glandular  hairs.  Leaves  4-11  cm.  1.,  oblong 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  base  oblique,  seinicordate,  puberulous  or 
glabrate  on  upper  surface,  tomentose  beneath  with  stellate  hairs;  petiole 
2-6  mm.  1. ;  stipules  linear,  longer  than  the  petiole.  Pedicels  1-2  '5  cm.  1. 
Sepals  8-12  mm.  L,  lanceolate,  with  thread-like  acumen.  Petals  white, 
sometimes  rosy,  about  as  long  as,  or  slightly  longer  than,  the  sepals, 
obovate.  Stamens  half  as  long  as  the  petals.  Berry  red,  globose,  crowned 
by  the  prominent  stigmas,  about  12  mm.  in  diam. 

4.  SLOANEA  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  subopposite,  entire  or  toothed, 
penninerved ;  petiole  swollen  just  below  blade ;  stipules  soon 
falling.  Flowers  solitary  or  in  racemes,  panicles  or  clusters 
axillary  or  terminal.  Calyx-segments  4-5,  valvate  (or  imbricate). 
Petals  none  or  1-4,  imbricate.  Stamens  indefinite,  covering  the 
broad  disk  between  the  petals  and  the  ovary  ;  anthers  linear, 
opening  by  a  chink.  Ovary  3-5-celled ;  ovules  several  in  each 
cell.  Style  simple  (or  divided  into  5  branches).  Capsule  woody, 
or  leathery,  densely  covered  with  bristles,  or  velvety,  5-3(l)-celled, 
loculicidal.  Seeds  1-8  or  indefinite,  pendulous,  with  an  aril ; 
endosperm  present ;  cotyledons  broad,  somewhat  fleshy. 

Species  over  60,  natives  of  tropics. 

S.  jamaieensis  Hook.  Ic.  PL  tt.  693-696  (1844);  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ltd.  98  ;  Bentli.  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  v.  Suppl.  2,71  (1861). 
S.  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  250.  S.  emargiiiata  L.  Amcen.  v. 
379  (1760)  (non  Sp.  PL).  Sloana  Plum.  Nov.  PL  Amer.  Gen.  48, 
/.  15.  (Fig.  40.) 

Break-axe  tree,  Iron  Wood,  Lignum  durum. 
In  fl.  March,  Sept. ;  young  fr.  in  Feb. ;  St.  Ann  ;  Manchester ;  Hanover  ; 
Purdie  \  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann,  Prior !  Ramble,  Claremont,  Fawcett  &  Harris  \ 
Marshall's  Pen,  Mandeville,  2200  ft. ;  near  Troy,  2200  ft. ;  Holly  Mount, 
Mt.  Diablo,  2500  ft.;  Croft's  Mountain,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.;  Harris  I 
John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.  1700  ft.  Harris  &  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  6375,  7028, 
8694,  8877,  10,760,  11,211.  Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Tree  to  100  ft.  high  and  more,  often  4  ft.  in  diarn.  Leaves  elliptical, 
sometimes  obovate,  apex  shortly  acuminate,  sometimes  obtuse,  glabrous, 
entire,  or  near  apex  wavy-toothed,  1-2  din.  1. ;  petiole  l'5-3'5  cm.  1. 


Sloanea 


TILTACE^ 


91 


Flowers  yellowish-brown,  solitary  in  axils  of  leaves  near  the  ends  of 
branches.  Peduncle,  l'5-3  cm.  1.,  much  increased  in  thickness  in  fruit. 
Calyx  4-parted  nearly,  or  quite,  to  the  base ;  segments  broadly  ovate, 
shortly  acuminate,  somewhat  leathery,  velvety-puberulous  on  both  sides, 
12-17  mm.  1.  Petals  oblong,  or  oblong-ovate,  subacuminate,  sometimes 
toothed,  inserted  under  the  hypogynous  disk,  with  texture  and  hairiness 
of  the  calyx.  Disk  fleshy.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  petals ;  filaments 


Fig.  40. — Sloanea  jamaicensis  Hook. 

A,  Apex  of  twig  with  leaves  and  C,  Ovary  cut  across  x  4. 

flowers  x  i.  D,  Capsule  X  ^. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2.  E,  Seed  cut  lensthwise. 

(D,  E  after  Hooker.) 

very  short,  silky;  anthers  linear,  terminal,  apiculate,  2-celled,  cells 
opening  near  the  apex.  Style  awl-shaped,  overtopping  the  stamens ; 
stigma  acute.  Capsule  10-11  cm.  1.,  8-10  cm.  in  diam.,  somewhat 
spherical  with  indications  of  4  or  5  angles,  woody,  very  hard  and  thick, 
4-5-valved,  4-5-celled,  the  outside  covered  with  straight  bristles.  Seeds  2 
or  more  in  each  cell,  covered  with  a  yellowish  fleshy  aril. 


FLOKA    UK    JAMAICA 


FAMILY  LXIV.     .M  AIA'AC  'KyE. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  jiltemate,  generally  palmati- 
nervecl ;  stipules  free.  Peduncles  axill;uy  and  l-flowered,  or 
in  rat-emes.  clusters,  or  panicles,  sometimes  \vrv  short  or  the 
flowers  -essile.  Bracteoles  sometimes  none  or  minute  at  the 
joint  of  the  peduncle,  sometimes  3  or  more,  close  to.  or  adherent 
to  the  calyx,  in  a  whorl  or  united  cup-like,  forming  the 
"  involucel,"  like  an  outer  calyx.  Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite 
or  very  rarely  cli<ecious  or  polygamous.  Sepals  5  (3-4),  more  or 
less  united  into  a  cup ;  lobes  usually  valvate.  Petals  5,  hypo- 
LCynous,  usually  adiiate  to  the  base  of  the  stamiiial  column,  the 
basal  margins  often  with  hairs  filling  up  the  spaces  between  the 
claws,  twisted  and  overlapping  in  bud.  Stamens  indefinite  or  5 
or  10,  hypogynous,  more  or  less  united ;  the  column  sometimes 
divided  above  into  5  bundles  ending  in  stamens,  or  more  or  less 
covered  with  stamens,  the  bundles  epipetalous.  Anthers  1-celled. 
Ovary  with  2  or  more  cells  ;  carpels  in  a  whorl.  Style  simple 
at  the  base,  with  as  many  branches  above  as  ovary-cells.  Ovules 
1  or  more  in  the  cells,  attached  to  the  inner  angle,  aiiatropous. 
Fruit  dry  (in  Malvamscus  berry-like),  the  ripe  carpels  sometimes 
separating  as  cocci,  not  opening  or  2-valved,  sometimes  united 
into  a  capsule  with  an  indefinite  number  of  cells  opening 
loculicidally.  Seeds  with  little  endosperm.  Embryo  curved ; 
cotyledons  foliaceous  folded  or  twisted  and  folded. 

Species  about  700,  dispersed  over   the    whole    world,  arctic 
regions  excepted. 

§  1.  Staminal  column  bearing  anthers  at  the  apex.  Car- 
pels whorled,  separating  when  ripe,  but  in  Bastardia 
forming  a  capsule. 

Ovules  2  or  more  in  each  carpel. 
Involucel  wanting. 

Carpels  with  a  transverse  ring  inside,  dividing 

each  more  or  less  into  2  cells , 1.   Wissadula. 

Carpels  without  a  ring ...     2.  Abuiilon. 

Involucel  of  3  bracteoles.     Carpels  with  a  trans- 
verse partition 3.  Nodiola. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each  carpel. 

Involucel  of  3  bracteoles 4.  Malvastrum. 

Involucel  wanting. 

Carpels  with    a   transverse  ring  inside,  beaks 

pointing  upwards   1.    Wissadula. 

Carpels   in   a   star-like  whorl,  the  inner  walls 

of  which  have  more  or  less  disappeared    ...     5.  Anoda. 
Carpels  with  beaks  curved  towards  the  centre, 

or  without  beaks    0.  Sida. 

Carpels  united  into  a  capsule  loculicidally 
5-valved,  valves  writh  the  partition  in  the 
middle  .  7.  Bastardia. 


Wissadtil"  MALVACE/E  93 

§  2.  Staminal  column  bearing  anthers  on  the  outside, 
the  apex  truncate  or  5-toothed.  Carpels  separating 
when  ripe. 

Flowers  in  dense  heads  with  an  involucre  of  leafy 
bracts,  but   without   involucel,  except   in   M. 

radiata  in  which  the  involucel  is  present 8.  Malachra. 

Flowers  without  an  involucre,  but  with  involucel. 
Leaves  with  1-3  glands  beneath. 

Involucel  of  5  united  bracteoles.     Ripe  carpels 

covered  with  numerous  barbed  spines  9.    Urena. 

Leaves  without  glands. 

Involucel  of  5-8  herbaceous  bracteoles,  distinct 
or  united  at  base.     Carpels  without  spines 

or  with  1-3  barbed  spines  at  apex 10.  Pavonia. 

Involucel  of  indefinite  bracteoles,  herbaceous  or 
bristle-like.     Carpels  fleshy  on  the  outside, 
united  into  a  berry,  separating  after  a  time  11.  Malvaviscus. 
§  3.  Staminal  column  bearing  anthers  on  the  outside, 
the  apex  truncate  or  5-toothed.      Capsule   splitting 
open  loculicidally,  the  carpels  not  separating. 

Style-branches  at  length  spreading  or  the  stigmas 

spreading.     Seeds  kidney-shaped. 
Ovules'2  or  more  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary.     Brac- 
teoles indefinite 12.  Hibiscus. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary.     Brac- 
teoles 5-10   13.  Kosteletzkya. 

Style  thicker  at  the  apex,  undivided,  or  divided 
into  5  short  erect  branches.  Seeds  obovoid  or 
angled. 

Bracteoles  3-8,  small 14.  Thespesia. 

Bracteoles  3,  large,  cordate 15.  Gossypium. 

§  1.  Staminal  column  divided  at  the  apex  into  an  indefinite 
number  of  filaments  bearing  anthers  at  their  apex. 
Style-branches  as  many  as  the  cells  of  the  ovary  or  the 
carpels.  Carpels  whorled  in  a  simple  series,  separating 
when  ripe  from  the  axis,  but  in  Bastardia  forming  a 
5-valved  capsule.  Cotyledons  foliaceous,  folded  in  two, 
or  variously  contorted  in  the  folding. 

1.  WISSADULA  Medic. 

Shrubs,  generally  covered  with  white  tomeiitum.  Leaves 
cordate.  Peduncles  axillary,  with  one  or  more  flowers,  the 
upper  flowers  in  a  terminal  panicle  or  interrupted  spike. 
Flowers  yellow,  small.  Involucel  wanting.  Calyx  5-lobed. 
Ovary  with  5  cells ;  ovules  in  each  cell,  one  pendulous  in  the 
lower  portion,  and  two  in  the  upper  part  ascending,  or  wanting 
in  the  upper  part  in  W.  Fadyenii ;  style-branches  with  capitate 
stigmas.  Fruit  more  or  less  top-shaped  in  form  ;  carpels  beaked, 
with  the  beaks  pointing  outwards,  partially  divided  in  the  inside 
by  an  incomplete  transverse  partition,  except  in  W.  contracta, 
sometimes  represented  by  a  ring,  opening  by  two  valves. 


94 


FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA 


Species  37,  natives  of  tropical  America,  one  ran<jin^  also 
through  Africa  and  tropical  Asia. 

Ovary-cells  with  3  ovules.     Ripe  carpels  usually  with 

3  seeds. 
Carpels  constricted  and  divided  into  2  cells. 

Leaves   ovate-triangular,   base   with    bay    open 

and  shallow    1.   W.  periploeifolia . 

Leaves  ovate-elliptical,  base  with   bay  narrow 

and  deep 2.   W.  hernandioides. 

Carpels  scarcely  constricted,  not  divided  into  2  cells. 
Leaves  roundish-ovate,  base  with  bay  open  and 

acute   3.   W.  contmcta. 

Ovary-cells  with  1  ovule.     Ripe  carpels  with  1  seed...  4.   W.  Fadyenii. 

A.  Cells  of  the  ovary  with  3  ovules.     Carpels  with  3  seeds. 

1.  W.  periploeifolia  Presl  Eel  Haenk.  it.  117  (1836); 
K.  Sclium.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  441,  t.  77;  R.  E.  Fries  in 
SvensJc.  Vet.  Akad.  HandL  xliii.  no.  4,  32  (var.  antillarum)  ;  Urb. 


Fig.  41. — Wissadula  periploeifolia  Presl. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  with  leaf       C,  A  single  ripe  carpel  seen  from  the  side 

X  g.  X  3. 

B,  Fruit  separating  into  its  component        D,  Seed  from  upper  part  of  ripe  carpel  X  7. 

carpels  X  3.  E,  Seed  from  lower  part  x  7. 

(A  after  K.  Schumann.) 


Wissadula  MALVACEAE  95 

Symb.  Ant,  iv.  386.  W.  zeylaiiica  Medic.  Malv.  25  (1787); 
E.  G.  Bal\  in  Journ.  Bot.  xxxi.  70.  Althaea  Scammonii  &c. 
Pluk.  Plujt.  t.  74, /.  7.  Sida  periplocifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  684  (1753) 
(non  Herb.).  S.  erecta  glabra  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  280. 
(Fig.  41.)  Type  in  Herb.  Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
Specimen  from  Plukenet  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcv.  39. 

Houstoun !  Masson  !  Swartz  ;  near  Halfway  Tree,  McNab  \ — Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  St.  Cruz,  Cannouan,  Trinidad,  tropical  S.  America,  south-east 
Asia. 

Undershrub  3-5  ft.  high ;  younger  parts  of  branches,  and  inflorescence 
with  brownish-grey  tornentum  and  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  3-6(-14)  cm.  1., 
ovate-triangular  to  lanceolate-triangular,  narrowing  gradually  towards  the 
apex,  the  tip  in  Old  World  plants  very  long,  tail-like,  base  more  or  less 
cordate  to  truncate,  bay  very  open  and  shallow, — not  deeper  than  '5  cm., 
margin  entire,  5(7)-nerved,  upper  surface  darker  than  beneath,  covered 
with  minute  stellate  hairs  or  subglabrous,  beneath  white  or  grey,  more  or 
less  densely  and  shortly  tornentose,  often  mixed  with  brown  hairs ; 
petioles  1-3  cm.  1. ;  stipules  linear,  acuminate,  about  3  mm.  L,  soon 
falling.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary  or  forming  a  terminal  panicle,  long- 
peduncled,  lower  peduncles  to  10  cm.  1.  Calyx  2-3  mm.  1.,  cut  about  half- 
way into  triangular  lobes.  Petals  about  5  mm.  L,  white.  Capsule 
8-10  mm.  in  diam.  ;  carpels  5,  very  shortly  puberulous,  beak  with  a  short 
point  about  1  mm.  1.  Seeds  3,  1-5-2  mm.  in  diam.,  upper  triangular- 
globose,  subglabrous  or  minutely  puberulous,  lower  obconical-globose, 
truncate  above,  hirsute. 

2.  W.  hernandioides  Garcke  in  Zeitschr.  f.  Naturw.  Halle 
Ixin.  122  (1890)  (in  part)  :  K.  Schum.  torn,  cit  439;  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  387  &  viii.  411.  W.  periplocifolia  var.  hernandioides 
Griseb.  Cat.  Cub.  25  (1866).  W.  amplissima  E.  E.  Fries  torn.  tit. 
48,  tt.  4,  /.  1,  2;  6,  /.  12-14  (1908)  (excl.  syn.  L.  &  Plum,). 
Alcea  populi  folio  incano  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  98  &  Hist.  i.  222  (in 
part).  Sida  hernandioides  L'Her.  Stirp.  ii.  121,  t.  58  (1789). 
S.  periplocifolia  L.  Herb,  (in  part);  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  260  (1791). 
Abutilon  periplocifolium  Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  53  (in  part) ;  Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  77  (excl.  var.  (3).  The  Linnean  Herbarium  has 
a  sheet  with  two  specimens  from  Browne  labelled  by  Linnaeus 
Sida  periplocifolia,  the  one  on  the  left  is  W.  hernandioides 
Garcke,  the  other  on  the  right  is  W.  Fadyenii  Planch. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  64,  no.  1!  Browne  I  Broughtonl  Swartz ;  Macfadyenl 

McNab !  Parnell !  Linstead,  Prior !  March !  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball ! 
Green  Valley,  1800  ft.  ;  Longville  Park  to  Old  Harbour  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
5452,  11,949. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Vieques,  St.  Cruz,  St.  John, 
Guadeloupe,  trop.  cont.  America,  trop.  Africa. 

Undershrub  or  shrub  1-10  ft.  high,  branches  above  minutely  stellate- 
tomentose,  at  length  glabrate.  Leaves  variable  in  size,  4-15  cm.  L,  ovate 
(to  roundish-ovate),  abruptly-  or  long-acuminate,  base  cordate,  bay  deep 
(to  1'5  cm.)  and  usually  narrow,  margin  entire,  sometimes  obscurely 
toothed,  7(9)-nerved,  nerves  and  veins  beneath  prominent,  on  the  upper 
surface  glabrous  or  more  or  less  densely  tomentose,  beneath  lighter  in 
colour,  tomentose  with  larger  stellate  hairs ;  petioles  l-6(-10)  cm.  1. ; 
stipules  linear-acuminate,  5-10  mm.  1. ;  for  some  time  persistent.  Floiuers 
axillary  or  in  a  terminal  panicle ;  flowering  peduncles  1(2)  cm.  1.,  in 


'.»ii  FLORA    <>F   .'AMAH  A 

fru'.      -  ;u.  1.     Calyx  3-4  mm.  1.,  divided   .ihout  halfway  into  ovate- 

tri.m-uhir  li>i><'<.      /  1(-G)  mm.  1.,  ycil-v,  .      (  ',//-.s////'  S   10  mm.  in  diam., 

Mi'p.  .         ;  carpels  ,         um.  1.,  beak  acui;  .hit 

•5-1*0  mm.  1.     Sf'ds  about  2  mm.  ID  d'-im.,  upper  •jlnlx,  haped, 

dotted  and  with  minute  white  hairs,  low  ir  ^ubovoid,  truncate  abuvu,  with 
longer  white  hai 


.">.  W.  contracta  -R.  -#.  jFnV*  //>  N/-,  //>•/,-.  T7></.  .!/>/</. 
xliii.  no.  4,  60,  /.  3,  /.  1,  /.  <>,/.  24  (1908);  ZTrfc.  £////,/,.  4/rf.  nit, 
41  L'.  \\".  hernandioidea  et  rostrata  curt,  (in  part).  Sida  con- 
tracta LiWi-  !?«»«/.  tforf.  BeriJ.  H.  204  (1822).  S.  Luciana  DC. 
Prodr.  i  4C»s  (1*24).  Abutilou  lucianuin  Sweet  Hurt.  Jirit.  i.  53 
(1826)  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  415.  A.  periploeifolium  Don  (3  albicau> 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  LuL  77  (1859). 

St.  Andrew's  Mts.,  Pnrdie  !^St.  Lucia,  Grenada,  Tobago,  Trinidad, 
Guatemala,  Venezuela,  Guiana,  Brazil. 

Shrub,  younger  parts  tornentellous.  Leaves  7  (3-12)  cm.  1.  ;  roundish 
or  ovate,  acuminate,  base  cordate,  bay  open  and  acute,  to  1  cm.  deep, 
margin  entire,  on  both  sides  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs,  on  upper 
surface  at  length  glabrescent,  beneath  white-tonientellous  and  soft  to  the 
touch,  7(9)-nerved,  nerves  and  veins  prominent  beneath  ;  petiole  5  (1-9) 
cm.  1.  ;  stipules  linear-lanceolate  or  linear,  3-7  mm.  1.  Flowers  in  a 
cylindrical  contracted  panicle;  peduncles  flowering  -5  cm.  1.  or  less, 
fruiting  1-1  '5  cm.  1.  Calyx  3-3'  5  mm.  1.,  divided  about  halfway  into 
ovate-triangular  lobes.  Petals  3  '5-4  mm.  1.,  (when  dry)  pale  yellow  or 
white.  Capsule  6-9  mm.  in  diarn.,  subglobose  or  above  more  or  less 
truncate,  minutely  puberulous,  not  obviously  constricted  ;  cells  not 
divided;  carpids  3-6,  6-7  nmi.  1.,  point  -5-1  mm.  1.  Seeds  2-2  '5  mm.  1., 
2  nun.  br.,  all  similar,  globose-pear-shaped,  glabrous  or  more  or  less 
covered  with  stellate  hairs,  hairy  at  the  hilurn. 

B.  Cells  of  the  ovary  with  1  ovule.     Carpels  with  1  seed. 

4.  W.  Fadyenii  Planch,  ex  jR.  E.  Fries  in  Svensk.  Vet.  Akad. 
Handl.  xliii.  no.  4,  30,  t.  I,/.  1-2,  t.  6,  /.  2-4  (1908)  ;  W.  divergens 
E.  G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.  69  (1893)  (in  part).  Alcea  populifolio, 
incano  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  98  &  Hist.  i.  222  (in  part).  Sida  peri- 
plocifolia  Macf.  Jain.  i.  85  (1837)  (non  L.)  (excl.  syn.  Browne,  Sw., 
Bich.).  S.  divergens  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  77  (1859)  (non 
Benth.).  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  on  sheet  (right 
hand)  named  by  Linnaeus  Sida  periplocifolia.  Type  specimen 
from  Macfadyen  in  Herb.  Kew  named  by  Planchon. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  64,  no.  2  and  Ixxxii.  39  !  Browne  \  Macfayden  \ 
Distin  \  McNab  !  Kingston,  Prior  !  Kingston,  Hitchcock  ;  Hope  grounds, 
700  ft.  ;  near  Grove,  800  ft.  ;  Pedro  Bluff  ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6651,  6830, 
9722.  —  Trinidad,  Colombia. 

Undershrub  1  to  4  ft.  high,  younger  parts  with  yellow-brownish 
stellate  hairs.  Leaves  5-8  (10)  cm.  L,  ovate-triangular,  narrowing  gradually 
into  a  long  tip,  base  truncate  or  cordate,  margin  entire,  upper  surface 
covered  with  very  minute  white  stellate  hairs,  sometimes  subglabrous, 
beneath  densely  tomentose  and  soft  to  the  touch,  with  larger  stellate  hairs 
interspersed,  5-7-nerved,  nerves  and  veins  prominent  beneath  ;  petioles 
from  very  short  to  4  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  4-5  mm.  1.,  thread-like.  Floiuers  in 


Wissadula  MALVACEAE  97 

the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves  and  on  a  large  terminal  panicle ;  peduncles 
1-5-3  cm.  1.,  in  axillary  flowers  to  5  cm.  1.  Calyx  3-3 -5  mm.  1.,  divided 
about  halfway  into  triangular  lobes,  purplish.  Petals  tawny-yellow  or 
orange,  4-5  nim.  1.  Capsule  about  G  mm.  in  diam. ;  carpels  minutely 
puberulous,  4  mm.  1.,  point  about  -5  mm.  1.  Seed  one  only,  about 
2  mm.  1.,  hirtellous,  densely  so  towards  the  hilurn. 

2.  ABUTILON  Gaertn. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  some  few  trees,  usually  with  tomentum  soft 
to  the  touch.  Leaves  generally  cordate.  Flowers  mostly  axillary. 
Bracteoles  of  iiivolucel  none.  Calyx  o-lobed.  Ovary  with  5  or 
more  cells ;  style-branches  with  stigmas  at  the  apex ;  ovules  3-9 
in  each  cell.  The  ripe  carpels  united  at  the  base  or  completely 
separating,  2-valved.  Seeds,  upper  usually  ascending,  the  lower 
pendulous  or  horizontal,  somewhat  kidney-shaped. 

Species  about  150,  natives  of  tropical  and  subtropical  regions, 
some  being  widely  dispersed. 

Carpels  with  3  ovules  or  seeds  in  each. 
Petals  erect'or  spreading,  not  reflexed. 

Flowers   corymbose   or    subumbellate   at    ends   of 

branches.    Petals  8  mm.  1 1.  A.  umbellatum. 

Flowers    solitary,   sometimes   also    corymbose    or 

racemose  at  ends  of  branches. 

Plant  viscous-glandular.     Petals  nearly  2  cm.  1.    2.  A.  liirtum. 
Plant  not  glandular. 

Fruit   light  yellow,   with   long   white   simple 

hairs,  globose- inflated 3.  A.  crispum. 

Fruit  not  as  in  A.  crispum. 

Leaves  beneath  tomentose  with  very  minute 

stellate  hairs. 
Fruit  tomentose  with  large  stellate  hairs, 

12  mm.  1 4.  A.  indicum. 

Fruit  villose,  14-15  mm.  1 5.  A.  leiospermum. 

Leaves  beneath  tomentose  with  somewhat 

long  stellate  hairs.  Fruit  villose,  9  mm.  1.  6.  A.  pcrmolle. 
Leaves  beneath  tomentose  with  large  and 
small  stellate  hairs.     Fruit  tomentose 

with  minute  hairs,  15  mm.  1 7.  A.  amcricannm. 

Petals  reflexed.     Flowers  in  a  panicle    8.  A.  gigantciun. 

Carpels  with  6-8  ovules  or  seeds  in  each    9.  .-1.  pauciflorum. 

1.  A.  umbellatum  Sn-cet  Hort.  Brit.  /.  53  (1826)  ;  leaves  on 
both  sides  with  minute  stellate  hairs,  denser  beneath ;  flowers 
corymbose  or  subumbellate,  corymbs  becoming  crowded  at  the 
ends  of  stem  and  branches ;  calyx  5-6  mm.  1. ;  carpels  5-7,  each 
with  3  ovules  or  seeds,  ripe  6-7  mm.  1.,  hirsute-tomentose, 
awned  conspicuously,  awns  about  2  mm.  1.  ;  seeds '""  brown,  with 
very  minute  tessellate  markings'  and  scattered  yellow  tubercles. 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  78  ;  K.  SrJtiim.  In  FL  Bras.  .ili.  pi.  3,  373  ; 

*  The  seeds  of  species  of  Abutilon  are  described  as  seen  under  a  com- 
pound microscope  with  a  two-third  in.  objective. 

V.  ii 


FU>J;A    UK   JAMAICA  nfiluit 

Si/mb.    Ani.    ic.    384    iV    /•///.     lull.       Sida    uinlieilata    L.    >'//.-/. 

<•(/.  10,  11-1.".  (1759)  A-  Amcen.  v.  -1U1,  ::so;  Jar.j.  11,,,-t.  y;,,,': 
(.  :»G  :  Cav.  Dies.  i.  i'S,  /.  G,/.  :'.  ^  /-.  275,  /.  L29,/,  2.    Specim.-n 

from  J'.n>\\nr  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  in  Solandcr's  hand. 

Lironghtoii  !    St.   George,  McXab !    K'ingston,   J'ri<»-\    Wind- 
ward  Road;   Campbell  I  Fl.  Jam.  5970. — West  Indies,  Mexico,  Colons 
YfiH'/uela,  Peru. 

II,  rb,  annual  or  perennial,  H-2^  ft.  high,  woody  at  the  base,  young 
branches,  also  petioles,  villose-tomentose.  Leaves  3-7  (2-11)  cm.  L,  rouudisli 
to  ovate,  occasionally  somewhat  3-lobed,  more  or  less  shortly  arid  abruptly 
acuminate,  base  cordate  or  subtruncate,  7(9)-nerved,  crenate-serrate ; 
petioles  nearly  as  long  as  blade  below,  less  than  half  above ;  stipules 
5-7(-10)  mm.  1.,  linear,  acute.  Bracts  2-3  mm.  1.  Calyx  tomentose, 
divided  halfway  or  more  into  ovate-triangular  lobes,  acute  or  very  shortly 
acuminate.  Petals  8  mm.  L,  yellow,  white-hairy  at  base.  Seeds  about 

2  mm.  1. 

2.  A.  hirtum  Sweet  Hort.  Brit,  i  53  (1826) ;  plant  glutinous- 
hairy  ;  leaves  on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  stellate-tornentose 
with  some  long  simple  hairs  besides,  on  upper  surface  glabre- 
scent ;  flowers  solitary,  axillary,  more  or  less  corymbose  at  ends 
of  branches  :  calyx  1  •  3-1  •  6  cm.  1.  ;  carpels  about  20,  each  with 

3  ovules  or  seeds,  ripe  1-1  •  2  cm.  L,  blunt  or  very  shortly  apicu- 
late,   tomentose  with  moderately   long  stellate  hairs  or  glabre- 
scent ;    seeds  dark    brown,   covered   with    minute  pit-markings, 
with  numerous  minute  stellate  hairs,  densely  covered  near  hilum 
with  larger  stellate  hairs. — Mast,  in  Oliv.  FL  Trop.  Afr.  !.  LS7  : 
K.  SrJnun.  torn.  cit.  384;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.   385  &  viii.   409; 
Small  Fl.  S.E.    U.S.   763;   Britt.  d-  Millsp.  Bali.  FL   265.     A. 
indicum  v.  hirtum  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  78  (1859).    A.  graveo- 
lens  v.  hirtum  Mast,  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  i.   327  (1874); 
E.  G.  BaJc,  torn.  cit.  213.     Sida  hirta  Lam.  Encyc.  i.  7  (1783). 

Distin !  McNab !  Morant  Baj^,  Wilson !  Moneague,  Prior !  Liguanea 
plain,  100  ft.,  Campbell\  near  Mico  College,  Kingston,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam. 
6099,  8869. — Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  Wrest  Indies,  trop.  Africa,  south- 
eastern Asia. 

Slirnb  or  perennial  herb,  3-10  ft.  high,  flowering  in  its  first  year, 
flowering  branches  with  three  kinds  of  hairs — very  short  stellate,  glutinose, 
and  long  wrhite  hairs.  Leaves  3-10  cm.  L,  roundish  to  roundish-ovate, 
sometimes  indistinctly  3-lobed,  apex  mucronulate,  obtuse,  acute,  or  shortly 
acuminate,  base  cordate,  7-9-nerved,  irregularly  serrate  or  crenate  ;  petioles 
3-10  cm.  1. ;  stipules  7-9  mm.  L,  linear-lanceolate,  for  some  time  per- 
sistent. Peduncles  2-5  cm.  1.,  glutinous-hairy  like  the  branches,  jointed 
above  the  middle.  Calyx  divided  about  halfway  into  triangular  apiculate 
lobes.  Petals  to  nearly  2  cm.  1.,  very  broadly  subrhomboid-obovate,  very 
oblique,  apex  subretuse,  the  basal  margin  hairy,  tawny-yellow  or  orange 
with  a  reddish  spot  at  the  base.  Staminal  tube  stellate-hairy.  Seeds 
2 '5-3  mm.  in  diam.,  dark  brown. 

3.  A.  erispum  Medic.  Malv.  29  (1787) ;  leaves  on  both  sides 
soft   to   the  touch,   more  or   less    tomentose   with  very   minute 
stellate  hairs,  denser  beneath ;  flowers  axillary,  solitary,  rarely 


Abutilon 


MALVACE.-E 


99 


with  an  additional  peduncle  from  the  same  axil ;  calyx  4-8 
mm.  1.  ;  fruit  yellowish,  inflated,  globose,  of  about  12  carpels, 
each  with  3(-l)  seeds,  ripe  10-15  mm.  1.,  with  minute  scattered 
down  and  usually  long,  subspiny  hairs  ;  seeds  brown-black,  with 
shallow  pit  markings,  and  a  few  minute  hairs  adpressed. — Sweet 
Hort.  Brit.  i.  53  ;  Wight  Icon.  t.  68 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  In>.l  79  ; 
Mast,  in  Hool:  f.  Ft.  Brit.  lad.  i.  327  ;  A.  Gr.  G^n.  Fl.  Amer. 
t.  126  ;  K.  Schum.  torn,  cit,  382,  t.  70;  E.  G.  Bale.  torn.  cit.  213; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  385.  A.  vesicarium  crispum  &c.  DHL  Hort. 
Eltli,  6,  /.  5.  A.  aliud  vesicarium  <fec.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burnt.) 
15,  t.  25*.  Sida  crispa  L.  Sp.  PL  685  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  380. 


B 


A,  Leaf  and  flower  x  |. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  calyx  and 

petals  removed,  enlarged. 


D 


V    V 


iy.  42. — Abutilon  crispitin  Medic. 

C,  Capsule,  nat.  size. 

D,  Seed  cut  through  X  6. 

(After  A.  Gray.) 


S.  erecta  subvillosa  tkc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  281  ;  Car.  Diss.  i.  30, 
t.  7,  f.  1  &  v.  275,  t.  135,  /.  2.  Gayoides  crispum  Small  FL 
S.E.  U.S.  764  (1903) ;  Britt.  <£•  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl.  266  ;  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  viii.  409.  (Fig.  42.)  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

Browne  !  Kingston,  Prior !  Windward  road ;  May  Pen  Cemetery ; 
Campbell !  near  Lititz,  500  ft. ;  Healthshire  Hills,  50  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
5991,  6365,  7312,  9529.— West  Indies,  Florida,  Bahamas,  trop.  and  sub- 
trop.  cont.  America,  south-east  Asia,  Bourbon. 

Herb,  trailing  along  the  ground  for  3  or  4  ft.,  or  erect,  woody  at  the 
base,  more  or  less  stellate- tornentose  and  soft  to  the  touch  or  pubescent. 
Leaves  2-8  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acute  to  shortly  acuminate,  base  cordate,  crenato 

H  2 


FLOIIA    OF    .JAM All 'A 

or  serrate,  7  9-norvccl,  petioles  of  lower  leaves  -1  5  <  m.  1.,  usually  d 

up1.  and  soini  time-  \vaiiting;   stipule*  .".-7  mm.  1.,  awl-shap 

what  persistent.     1'i'dioiclcs  slender,  jointed,  1*5-5  cm.  1.     (  Divided 

below   the   middle   into    Lanceolate-triangular   acuminate   lobes.       Pei 

yellow,  sometimes  a  little  longer  than,  sometimes  twice  as  Ion  the 

calyx,  apex  obtuse,  somewhat  oblique.  about  2  niin.  1. 

4.  A.  indicum  Sweet  Hort.  Ihit.  1.  54  (1826);  leaves  on  the 
upper  surface  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs,  at  first  soft  to  the 
touch,  at  length  glabrescent,  beneath  tomentose-white  and  soft 
to  the  touch  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  ;  ilowers  axillary, 
solitary,    often   corymbose    at    ends    of   branches  :    calyx    about 
1  cm.  I.  ;  carpels  12-30,  each  with  3  ovules  or  seeds,  ripe  about 
1  "2  cm.  1.,  tomentose  with  large  stellate  hairs,  shortly  apiculate  ; 
seeds,  surface  marked  with  minute  pits,  glabrous  but  more  or 
less  hairy  at  the  Ionium.— -Wight  Icon.  t.  12;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W. 
Lnl.  7S  (excl.  vars.  fi  &  y) ;  Mast,  in  Ola:  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  i.  186  & 
Hook.  f.  Fl.  Brit.  Intl.  i.   326 ;  K.  Scltum.  torn.  cit.  385 ;  E.  G. 
Soli.  torn.  cit.  213  ;    Urb.  Si/rub.  Ant.  iv.  385  &  viii.  410.     Sida 
indica  L.  Cent.  PL  li.  26  (1756)  j   Cav.  Diss.  i.  33,  t.   7,  /.  10. 
Specimen  in.  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Ferry,  100  ft.,  Campbell  \  Fl.  Jam.  6160.— West  Indies,  trop.  cont. 
America,  trop.  Africa  and  Asia.  The  single  specimen  cited  from  Jamaica 
is  doubtful.  It  has  glabrous  seeds  of  A.  indicum,  but  approaches  A.  hirtnm 
in  indumentum  of  stems  and  leaves  and  in  staminal  tube  covered  with 
small  stellate  hairs. 

Herb  or  under  shrub  3-5  ft.  high,  shrub  to  10  ft.  high,  flowering  in  its 
first  year,  young  parts  covered  with  white-grey  tomentum,  usually  with 
long  hairs  as  well.  Leaves  3 '5-9  (2-13)  cm.  L,  roundish-ovate  to  ovate, 
apex  obtuse,  acute,  or  acuminate,  more  or  less  obviously  3-lobed,  base 
cordate,  irregularly  crenate  or  serrate,  5-7-nerved ;  petioles  long,  as  long 
as,  or  longer  than,  the  blade,  or  shorter  to  one-half;  stipules  3-5  mm.  L, 
linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  persisting  for  some  time.  Peduncle  longer  than 
the  petiole,  jointed  near  the  flower,  3-5(-7)  cm.  1.  Calyx  divided  some- 
what more  than  halfway  into  5  ovate-triangular  apiculate  lobes.  Petals 
to  nearly  1'5  cm.  L,  longer  than  the  calyx,  yellow,  oblique,  roundish- 
triangular,  basal  margin  hairy.  Staminal  tube  glabrous.  Ovary  sub- 
globose,  depressed  above,  tomentose.  Seeds  2-2 '5  rnrn.  in  diam. 

5.  A.  leiospermum  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  79  (1859);  leaves 
on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch  and  very  minutely  tomentose ; 
flowers  axillary,  solitary;  calyx  8-10  cm.  1.   in  fl.,  to   12  cm.  in 
fr. ;   carpels  12-20,  each  with   3  ovules  or  seeds,  ripe  1'4-1'5 
cm.  1.,  villous,  cuspidate ;  seeds,  surface  covered  with  yellowish 
tubercles,    glabrous. — Sida    vesicaria    Cav.    Diss.    ii.   55,   t,    14, 
f.   3   (1786)?      The  type  from  March   named   by  Grisebach  in 
Herb.  Kew. 

Distin !  March  \ — Cuba,  St.  Vincent. 

Undershmb,  young  parts  very  minutely  tomentose,  and  also  with  long 
hairs.  Leaves  4-10  cm.  1.,  roundish  ovate,  apex  acuminate,  base  cordate 
with  a  broad  bay,  7 -nerved,  unequally  broadly  toothed,  subtrilobed,  pale 
green  on  upper  surface,  glaucous-white  beneath;  petioles  4-7  cm.  L,  even 


Abutilon  MALVACEAE  101 

to  14  era.  Peduncles  4-7  cm.  1.  Calyx  deeply  divided  into  ovate  apiculate 
lobes.  Petals  1'3-1*5  cm.  L,  varying  much  in  width,  yellow,  obovate. 
Seeds  about  3  mm.  1.,  dark  brown. 

6.  A.  permolle  Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  i.  53  (1826) ;  leaves  on  both 
sides  soft  to  the  touch,  on  the  upper  surface  with  short  stellate 
hairs,   beneath  tomentose  with  longer  hairs,   and  of  a  lighter 
colour  ;    flowers  axillary,  solitary,  becoming  racemose  or  corym- 
bose at  ends  of  branches;  calyx  8-10  mm.  1.,  slightly  longer  in 
fruit ;    carpels   7-10,   each  with   3   ovules    or    seeds,   ripe   0-10 
mm.  1.,  villose,  with  acuminate  beaks  ;  seeds  usually  with  minute 
tubercles.— Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  78  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  763  ; 
Britt.  &  Milhp.  Bali.  Fl  265.     Sida  permollis  Willd.  Enum.  Hort. 
Berol  723  (1809). 

Quarry,  Spanish  Town,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6757. — Florida,  Bahamas, 
Cuba,  Cayman  Is. 

Undershrub  2-5  ft.  high,  pubescent  on  young  parts.  Leaves  2-9  cm.  1. 
or  more,  ovate  to  roundish,  apex  acuminate  to  obtuse,  base  cordate,  7- 
nerved,  crenulate ;  petioles  usually  half  as  long  as  the  blades  or  somewhat 
longer.  Peduncles  jointed  near  the  flower,  somewhat  shorter  than  the 
petiole  below,  longer  above.  Calyx  divided  nearly  to  the  base  into  ovate- 
lanceolate  segments,  tube  not  angled.  Petals  1'2-1'7  cm.  L,  yellow, 
obovate.  Seeds  2  mm.  in  diam. 

7.  A.  amerieanum  Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  i.  53  (1826);  leaves  on 
upper  surface  more  or  less  densely  covered  with  stellate  hairs, 
beneath  tomentose  with  large  and  small  stellate  hairs,  on  both 
sides    soft    to   the   touch ;    flowers    solitary,   axillary,  becoming 
crowded  and  corymbose  at  ends  of  branches  ;  calyx  12-14  mm.  L, 
to  15  mm.  1.  in  fruit ;  carpels  7-12,  each  with  3  ovules  or  seeds, 
ripe  about  1'5  cm.  L.  tomentose,  with  a  long  acuminate  beak: 
seeds  more  or  less  covered  with  a  network  of  minute    whitish 
hairs. — A.  abutiloides  K.  Schum.  in  FL  Bras,  xii.pt.  3,  397  (in  obs.) 
(1891)  ;  Britt.  &  Milhp.  Bali.  Fl.  265.     A.  lignosum  G.  Don  Gen. 
Si/st,  i.  501  (1831);  A.  Rich,  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  57  (1845);  Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  79  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  92.     A.  Jacquini  G.  Don 
torn.  cit.  503  (1831).     Lavatera  americana  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1148 
(1759)  &  Amcen.  v.  400,  380.     Sida  americana  L.  Sp.  PI.  ed.  2,  963 
(1763) ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  *70  ;  llacf.  Jam.  i.  86.     S.  abutiloides  Ja<-q. 
Obs.  i.  17,  t.  7  (1764) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  86  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  410. 
S.   lignosa  Cav.   Diss.    /.    28,    /.    6,  /.   2   (1785).     S.  crassifolia 
L' Her  it.  Stirp.   125,  t.  60  (1788).      Specimen    from    Browne  in 
Herb.    Linn,    named  by   Linmeus   Lavatera  americana,  another 
specimen    from    Browne    named    by    Linnaeus    Sida    americana. 
Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Browne  \  Brougliton  \  near  Kingston,  Priori  Rockfort,  near  Kingston, 
Grabliaml  also  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam.  10,703. — Bahamas,  Cuba, 
Hispanicla,  Mexico. 

Shrub  to  5  ft.  high,  young  parts,  petioles,  under  side  of  leaves,  and 
pedicels  tomentose  with,  stellate  hairs  mostly  minute  but  mixed  with 


FLiiKA    OF   JAMAK  A  M.nti' 

fewer   long   stellate    hairs.      Leaves    2  l:;  cm.   1.,   broadly   ovate,    usually 
ai-umi.  :i.  1.)  very  shortly  acuminate,  base  cord.; 

rarely    sub-3-lobed,    7-0-nerved,    nerves    and    veins    prominent  tb, 

Mate  or  irregularly  tootbed  ;  petioles  one-third  to  two-thirds  a  a^ 

the    blade;    stipules   to   1    cm.  1.,    awl-shaped,    falling   after   some    ti> 

generally  longer  than  the  petioles.      Calyx  cut   nearly  to  the 
broadly  ovate,  subcordate,  acuminate,  sharply   pointed  lol> 
!d  \~1  mm.  1.,  yellow,  obovate.     .SV/W.s  _!-2'5  mm.  in  diam. 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  used  in  <>f  diarrhn  a. 


8.  A.  giganteum  Direct   I  fort.  J!/if.  L    '».'>  (l.^i'O):  leaves  on 
both  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  upper  surface  with  stellate    hair- 
intermixed  with  simple,  beneath  tomentose,  with  simple  hairs  on 
nerves  and  veins;  flowers  solitary,  axillary,  each  with  a  flowering 
shoot  arising  during  flowering,  forming    axillary  and    terminal 
panicles,    sometimes    the    solitary    flowers    are  wanting;    calyx 
about   1   cm.  1.  ;    petals  at  length    refiexed  ;    carpels  8-14,  each 
with  3  ovules  or  seeds,  ripe  1  cm.  1.,  tomentose,  shortly  beaked  ; 
seeds  black  or  brown,  with  pit  markings  and  short  white  hairs 
tuberculate  at  base.  —  K.  Sclturn.  toin.  cit.  394.     A.  elatum  Grisdt. 
FL  Br.  II'.  LuL  79  (1859).     Sida  gigantea  Jacq.  Hort.  S<-li<  <  nlr.  ii. 
8,  t.  141.     S.  elata  Macf.  Jam.  i.  87.     Jacquin's  specimen  figured 
in  Hort.  Schoenbr.  t.  141  is  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Below  Pimento  Grove,  St.  David,  Macfadycn  ;  sea-coast,  Westmoreland, 
1'nrdicl  Wilson  \  J.  P.  1054,  Morris  !  —  Cuba,  Trinidad,  Central  America, 
Colombia,  Peru. 

Herb  or  slinib  6  to  15  ft.,  above  (and  petioles)  tomentose,  often  also 
with  long  hairs,  soft  to  the  touch.  Leaves  6-11  (2-20)  cm.  1.,  roundish- 
ovate,  occasionally  sub-3-lobed,  acuminate,  base  cordate,  9-nerved,  nerves 
and  veins  prominent  and  produced  into  teeth  ;  petioles  often  longer  than 
the  blade;  stipules  3-4  mm.  1.  Calyx  divided  below  the  middle  into 
lanceolate-triangular  lobes,  1-nerved  within.  Petals  orange-yellow,  some- 
what longer  than  the  calyx,  obovate-oblong,  obtuse,  villose  at  the  insertion 
of  the  tube,  forming  a  circle  of  hair  round  the  staminal  tube.  Seeds  about 
2  mm.  in  diam. 

9.  A.  pauciflorum   St.  H'd.  FL    Bras.  Mer.  i.  206    (1825); 
leayes  on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  upper  surface  more  or  less 
covered  with  stellate  hairs,  beneath  woolly-tomentose  and  of  a 
lighter  colour  ;  flowers  solitary,  axillary  ;  calyx   1  '  2-1  '  5  cm.  1. 
or  longer  in  fruit;  carpels  10-12,  each  with  6-8  ovules  or  seeds, 
ripe   1'3-1'6  cm.  1.,  villose;   seeds   with    minute  pit  markings, 
hispid  with  hairs  springing  from  tubercled  base.  —  K.  Sclnim.  torn. 
t-lt.  404  :  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  FL  266.     A.  pedunculare  Griscl. 
Fl.  B,.    W.  Ind.    78   (non  H.B.K.)  ;    Small  FL   S.E.  U.S.  763. 
Sida  peduncularis  Macf.  Jain.  i.  85  (11011  DC.). 

Bancroft  I  Hacfadyen\  Kingston;  Half  way  Tree  ;  McNab  !  Hope  estate. 
Prior  \  March  I  Bath,  Wilson  !  J.P.  1340,  Morris  I  Faivcettl  Long  Mt. 
road,  250  ft.,  Campbell  \  Hope  grounds,  600-700  ft.  ;  Santa  Cruz,  450  ft.  ; 
Harris  !  —  Florida,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Mexico  to  Paraguay. 

Undershrub  3-5  ft.  high,  younger  parts  with  long  spreading  white  hairs 
2-3  mm.  1.  and  tomentose  with  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  5-15  cm.  L,  ovate, 


Abutilon 


MALYACE.F. 


10'. 


acuminate,  base  cordate,  unequally  toothed  or  crenate,  9-nerved  ;  petioles 
long,  3-12  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  5-10  mm.  1.,  thread-like  or  narrowly  awl-shaped. 
Peduncles  long,  stout.  Calyx  cup-shaped,  angular,  divided  more  than 
halfway  into  triangular  acuminate  lobes.  Petals  rose-coloured,  longer 
than  the  calyx,  obovate,  apex  emargiiiate,  basal  margin  densely  hairy. 
Ovary  10-12-celled,  each  writh  6-8  ovules.  Ripe  carpels  1*  3-1  '6  cm.  1., 
shortly  beaked,  villose  outside,  glabrous  on  the  inside,  G-8  seeded.  Seeds 
about  2  mm.  in  diam. 

A.  striatum  Dicks,  ex  Lindl.  Bot.  Eeg.  xxv.  Misc.  Not.  39,  a  native  of 
Uruguay,  is  an  escape  from  gardens  in  Jamaica.  Shrub  to  10  ft.  high. 
Leaves  5-12  cm.  1.,  with  3-5  acuminate  lobes.  Flowers  bell-shaped, 
orange  strongly  veined  with  crimson,  on  long  slender  stalks.  Ovary 
11-celled,  with  7-9  ovules  in  each.  Griscb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  79;  K.  Schum. 
torn.  cit.  426  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3840  (Sida  picta)  ;  Britton  Fl.  Berm.  233. 

3.    MODIOLA  Moench. 
Prostrate  rooting  herbs.     Leaves  palmately  lobed,  and  lobes 


Flowers 


again  cut  ;  stipules  ovate  to  awl-shaped,  soon  falling. 

small,        axillary,       pedunculate. 

Bracteoles    3,    free,    forming    an 

involucel  below  the  calyx.     Calyx 

5-lobed.     Ovary    with   an  indefi- 

nite   number    (20-14)    of    cells  ; 

ovules  2  (or  3)  in  each  cell  ;  style- 

branches    as    many    in    number, 

with   capitate    stigmas.      Carpels 

2-valved,    valves     cuspidate     on 

back,      transversely     partitioned 

inside  between  the  seeds.     Seeds 

kidney-shaped,  2  in  each  carpel. 

Species     2    or    3,    natives    of 
America  and  South  Africa. 

M.  earoliniana  G.  Don  Gen. 
Syst.  i.  466  (1831);  A.  Gr.  Gen. 
;/.  72,  t.  128;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.  72  ;  K.  ScJtum.  in  FL  Bras. 
xu.  pt.  3,  453  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E. 
U.S.  765  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  234  ; 
Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant.  viii.  412.  M.  mul- 
tiricla  Moench.  MetJi.  620  (1794)  ; 
E.  G.  Bah.  in  Jo  urn.  Bot.  xx.'-i. 
368.  Malva  earoliniana  L.  Sp. 
PL  688  (1753);  Cav.  Diss.  ii.  58, 
t.  15,  /.  1.  M.  prostrata  Cav.  torn. 
cit.  59,  t.  16,  /.  3  (1786)  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  i.  58.  Abutilon  repens  &c.  Dill.  Eltli.  5,  t.  4.  (Fig.  43.) 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  bv  himself,  and  one  also  in 
Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 


B 


Fig.  43. — Mocliola  earoliniana  G.  Don. 

A,  Leaf  aud  flower,  nat.  size. 

B,  Fruit  cut  through  to  show  seeds  X  3. 

(B  after  A.  Gray.) 


1<»4  -I;A    <>F   JAMAICA  M' 


Clifton  Mount,  Jtfa  I  Abl       r      en,  Blue  Mts.,  Prior!  ('inch 

5000ft..  Jl.irrifil  Fl.  Jam'.  8570,  11,954.—  Bermuda  (introd.i,   Hi-pani 
trop.  and  subtrop.  America,  S.  Africa. 

7/1  •/•/•,  with  prostrate  stems,  rooting  at  the  nodes,  hairy  with  - 
and  simple  hairs.      /  L!    I  (1-5)  cm.  in  diam.,  7-nerved,  with  h 

'late  and  simple  with  bulbou>  base,  or  glabrate  ;  petioles  2-5  (l-C>i  cm.  1.  ; 
stipules  4-5  mm.  1.  Peduncles  1  or  Li  in  axils,  2-4  cm.  1.  IiriH-tfolcs  about 
1  mm.  below  the  calyx,  about  5  mm.  1.,  persistent.  Calyx  G-7  mm.  1. 

//s-  7-8  mm.  1.,  red  (purple  when  dried).     Ripe  curpi'l*  -i  mm.  1.,  cu-p 
1  mm.,  hirsute  above  on  the  back,  glabrous  below  and  tuberculate-ridged. 
'a  about  1'2  mm.  1.,  brown  becoming  black  near  hilum,  glabrous. 

4.    MALVASTRUM  A.  Gr. 

Herbs,  sometimes  tall,  sometimes  low  growing  in  clumps,  <>r 
woody.  Leaves  serrate  (in  Jamaican  species)  or  entire,  or  lobed. 
'  >r  cleft.  Flowers  shortly  pedunculate  or  subsessile,  axillary  ur 
in  terminal  spikes.  Bracteoles  of  involucel  3  in  Jamaican 
species,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  more  or  less  linear-lanceolate, 
and  sometimes  adherent  at  the  base  to  the  calyx,  occasionally 
wanting.  Calyx  5-lobed.  Ovary  with  5  or  more  cells  ;  ovules 
one  in  each  cell,  attached  at  the  middle  of  the  cell  ;  style- 
branches  as  many  as  the  cells,  with  capitate  stigmas.  Carpels 
splitting  open  on  the  back  down  to  the  middle  :  back  sometimes 
apiculate.  Seeds  kidney-shaped,  attached  at  the  middle  of  the 
cell.  Embryo  curved  ;  endosperm  scanty.  Mallow. 

Species  85,  mostly  natives  of  America,  two  of  these  widely 
dispersed  now  through  the  tropics,  the  rest  natives  of  South 
Africa. 

Branches,  &c.,  strigose. 

Carpel  with  3  spines  on  back  .....................  1.  M.  coromandcliamim. 

Carpel  without  spines  ..............................  2.  M.  corchori  folium. 

Branches,  &c.,  minutely  tomentose  ..................  3.  21.  spicatum. 

1.  M.  eoromanclelianum  Garrlce  in  Bonplandia  v.  295  (1857); 
young  stems  and  branches,  the  leaves  on  both  sides,  petioles, 
peduncles,  and  calyx  with  stiff  white  adpressed  hairs,  simple  or 
2-4-armed  ;  flowers  at  first  solitary  in  the  axils,  a  subsidiary 
flowering  branch  appearing  later  ;  ripe  carpels  with  a  long  spine 
near  the  apex,  and  2  short  spines  near  the  middle  of  the 
back.  —  K.  Sclti'in.  iii  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  268,  t.  53  ;  Urb.  Si/mb. 
Ant.  iv.  387  &  viii.  412  :  Britt.  FL  Berm.  235  ;  Britt.  d-  Milhp. 
Bali.  Fl.  267.  M.  tricuspidatum  A.  Gr.  PL  Writ/lit  .  /.  16  (1852)  : 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ltd.  72.  M.  americanum  Torr.  Bot.  J/V./  . 
Bound.  Surv.  38  (1859);  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  768.  Malva 
coromandelianum  L.  S}}.  PL  687  (1753)  &  Amocn.  v.  380. 
M.  humilior  subvillosa  etc.  it  M.  humilior  foliis  ifcc.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  282  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  262.  M.  tricuspidata  Ait.  Eort.  Km: 
ed.  2,  iv.  210  (1812)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  57  ;  A.  Rich,  in  Scifjra  Cub.  x. 
41.  Sida  jamaicensis  3IUL  Diet.  ed.  8  (non  L.).  (Fig.  44.) 


Malvastni'in 


MALVACEAE 


105 


Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.     Miller's  type  in 
Herb.  Mns.  Brit. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  52  (in  part)  !  Wright  I  Bancroft  \  Macfadyen ;  Distinl 
Wilson ;  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  \  Pen  Hill,  2500  ft. ;  Hope  grounds  ; 
Harris !  Liguanea  plain,  Campbell  \  Devon  Pen,  Thompson  !  Kingston ; 
Porus;  Hitchcock. — Texas,  Florida,  Bermuda  (naturalized),  Bahamas, 
W.  Indies,  Tropics. 

Perennial  herb,  1-4  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-5  (2-8)  cm.  1.,  ovate,  ovate- 
oblong  or  cblong;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  7-9  mm.  1.,  lanceolate, 


Fig.  44. — Malvastrum  coromandelianum  Garcke. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch,  nat.        C,  Back  of  ditto  beginning  to  split 

size.  open  x  7. 

B,  Ripe  carpel  x  7.  D,  Eipe  carpel  with  seed,  cut  throuch 

X  7. 

acuminate.  Flowers  yellow,  on  short  (1-3  mm.  1.)  peduncles.  Bracteoles 
about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  adherent  at  the  base  to  the  calyx.  Calyx 
about  5  mm.  1.  in  fl.  to  7  mm.  1.  in  fr.,  with  many  longitudinal  hairy 
angles.  Petals  8-9  mm.  1. 

This  species  abounds  in  a  mucilaginous  sap,  and  is  employed  by  the 
natives  as  a  substitute  for  soap  in  washing  coarse  clothes  (]\Iacfadyen). 

2.  M.  corehorifolium  Britton  in  Small  Fl.  Miami  119  (1913)  : 
young  stems  and  branches,  the  leaves  on  both  sides,  petioles, 
peduncles,  and  calyx  with  stiff  white  adpressed  hairs,  simple  or 
2-4-armed ;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  and  crowded  into  a 
terminal  head  ;  ripe  carpels  8-15,  back  hispid  on  upper  half, 
without  spines. — P.  Wils.  in  (Veg.  Vieques)  Bull.  N.  York  But. 
Gard.  viii.  397  ;  Urb.  in  Fedde  Itep.  xvi.  33  &  Si/ml>.  Ant.  riii. 
413;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  FL  267.  M.  Rugelii  S.  W«t«.  in 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xvii.  367  (1882);  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  768. 
Malva  corchorifolia  Desr.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  Hi.  755  (743  crr<  / 


]<>G  FLORA    OF   JAMA. 


(178!   .     .M.  scoparia  Jacq.  <',,tl.  i.  :,'.»  (\7^)  *  L-.  !>!.  It.ir.  11. 
/.  i:;0  dion  Umrit.). 

Di*iln\     I'i-'nirl   Near    ^landeville,    1'iritton,   1022!  —  Florida,    I'.aK 
Cuba,  (.rand  Cayman,  Virgin  (  iorda. 

:iial  herb,  2-6  ft.  high.     /-•  5  cm.  1.,  broadly  ovate  to  obl< 

ovate;  petioles  shorter  than  liml>;  stipule,-,  linear-awl-shsped,  shorter  tl: 
the  petiole.     Flowers  subsi-ssili1.      /  about  as  long  as  tln>  calyx. 

1  about  4  mm.  1.  iu  11.,  about  5  mm.  1.  in  fr.,  hairy.     Petal*  about 

1  mm.  longer  than  calyx. 


3.  M.  spieatum  A.  Gr.  (PL  FendL}  in  Mf/n.  Am.  Acail.  //.*.  iv. 
--  (  1S4!))  ;  young  stems  and  branches,  the  leaves  beneath,  and 
petioles  stellate-tomentose  ;  flowers  crowded  into  a  spike  terminal 
on  stem  and  branches,  sometimes  shortened  into  a  head  on  the 
branches;  ripe  carpels:  apex  at  inner  angle  prolonged,  beak- 
like,  hispid  on  the  back,  without  spines.  —  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  •  Sinall 
FJ.  S.E.  U.S.  768;  K.Sclnim.  torn.  cit.  271,  t.  52,  /.  2;  Urb.  Syml. 
Ant.  iv.  388  &  viii.  413.  Althaea  spicata  .  .  .  flore  luteo  etc. 
Xlixine  Cat.  97  &  Hist.  i.  219.  Malva  americana  L.  Sp.  PL  687 
(1753)  :  A.  Rich,  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  40.  M.  spicata  L.  Syst.  ed.  10, 
1146  (1759)  (excl.  reference  to  Sloane)  &  Amoen.  v.  401  &  380  ;  Sic. 
Obs.  Bot.  262  ;  Wright  Mem.  291  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  58.  M.  assurgens 
subvillosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  282.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn. 
named  by  Linm^us  Malva  spicata. 

In  fl.  Sept.-^Iarch  ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  56  !  Wright  !  Kingston,  Brougliton  \ 
Macfadyenl  Distinl  Wilson  !  March  1  Kingston,  Priori  Liguanea  plain, 
Campbell\  Kingston;  Constant  Spring;  Blue  Mts.  ;  Lucea;  Hitclico< 
Chaiiemont,  near  Ewarton,  1000  ft.;  Liguanea  plain;  Plowden  Hill, 
1000  ft.;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6269  (in  part),  6325,  6698,  6908,  8168;  Blue- 
fields,  Britton,  1605  !—  Florida,  West  Indies,  tropical  and  subtropical  regions 
of  the  whole  world. 

Perennial  herb  2  to  6  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-8  cm.  L,  usually  triangular- 
ovate,  on  upper  surface  rough  with  stellate  hairs,  sometimes  tornentose  ; 
petioles  1-6  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  thread-like  with  a  lanceolate  base,  4-6  mm.  1. 
Flowers  sessile,  the  lowest  flowers  with  small  leafy  bracts  with  2  stipules, 
most  of  the  bracts  2-cleft  at  the  apex.  Bracteolcs  5-7  cm.  1.  Calyx  about 
5  mm.  1.,  hispid  with  white  hairs  from  a  brown  tubercular  base.  Petals 
6-8  mm.  1. 

The  bark  makes  strong  white  hemp  (Wright). 

Malva  rotundifolia  L.  according  to  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  282  was  intro- 
duced, but  apparently  it  has  died  out.  It  differs  from  Malvastrnm  in  that 
the  thread-like  style-branches  are  stigmatose  longitudinally  on  the  inside. 

5.  ANODA  Cav. 

Herbs,  hispid  or  glabrescent.  Leaves  hastate  or  lobed  at 
the  base.  Flowers  axillary.  Bracteoles  of  involucel  wanting. 
Calyx  5-cleft.  Cells  of  the  ovary  indefinite,  each  cell  with  one 
ovule.  Ripe  carpels  in  a  star-like  whorl,  convex  below,  flat  on 
top  ;  the  internal  walls  of  the  cells  of  the  ovary  usually  become 
more  or  less  absorbed,  so  that  the  ripe  carpels  open  into  one 
another,  then  the  outer  portion  of  each  becomes  detached  and 


Anoda 


MALVACEAE 


107 


falls  out,  generally  carrying  the  seed  with  it.     Seed  hanging  or 
attached  horizontally. 

•/ 

Species  10,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  trop.  cont.  America, 
especially  of  Mexico. 

A.  aeerifolia  DC.  Prodr.  i.  459  (1824);  E.  G.  Bak.  in  Jonrn. 
Bot.  x.c.c.  73  ;  Hoclir.  in  Ann.  Cons,  et  Jard.  Bot.  Geneve  xx.  50. 
A.  hastata  Sclileclit.  in  Linnsea  xi.  214  (1837) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  77  ; 
Grisel.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  73  (in  part)  (non  L.)  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  ii\ 
394  it  viii.  419.  Sida  aeerifolia  Zucc.  in  Boerncr  Collect.  148 
(1809).  S.  hastata  Sims  Bot.  Mag.  t,  1541  (1813)  (non  \VUld.). 
(Fig.  45.) 

Bancroft  I  Bath;  near  Gordon  Town;  Macfadyen ;  St.  Ann,  McCatty\ 
Morris  !  near  Gordon  Town;  Faiccettl  Walderston,  2000  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl. 
-Jam.  8414. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Kico,  Tobago,  Mexico  to  Peru. 


Fig.  45. — Anoda  acer! folia  DC. 

A,  Leaf  and  fruit  X  §. 

B,  Ripe  carpel,  showing  exocarp,  endocarp,  and  seed  X  5. 
(_',  Endocarp  of  ditto  X  5. 

Plant  covered  with  bristly  hairs.  Leaves  2-7  cm.  L,  variable  in  form, 
lower  more  or  less  pentagonal  or  5-lobed  with  large  teeth,  uppermost 
hastate,  base  truncate  or  slightly  cordate.  Flowers  solitary ;  peduncles 
sparingly  hairy,  of  fl.  2-8  cm.  L,  of  fr.  7-15  cm.  1.  Calyx  in  fl.  7-9  mm.  1., 
in  fr.  to  13  mm.  1.,  lobes  ovate,  somewhat  obtuse,  mucronate.  Petah 
usually  blue,  approaching  to  purple,  rarely  white  (Macf.),  8-15  mm.  1. 
Fruit  of  9-16  carpels,  outer  angle  of  back  with  a  very  short  mucro  or 
simply  a  boss;  endocarp  separating  from  .the  exocarp,  net-veined,  not 


adhering  to  the  seed. 


6.  SIDA  L. 


Herbs  or  shrubs,  with  stellate  or  simple  hairs,  often  velvety 
or    tomentose.     In   Jamaican    species    leaves  serrate,   except  in 


103 


FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA 


v  linifolla  :  stipules  usually  somewhat  linear,  but  more  or  i 
lanceolate  in  S.  glomeratat  S.  jamaicenais,  and  S.  acutd.  Flowers 
axillary,  or  in  terminal  racemes,  spikes,  heads,  or  rarely  panic! 
Bracteoles  beneath  the  calyx  usually  wanting.  Calyx  with 
5  teeth  or  lobes.  Petals  usually  somewhat  longer  than  tin- 
calyx.  Carpels  5  or  more,  the  number  indicated  in  the  flower 
by  the  lobes  and  the  cells  of  the  ovary,  and  by  the  number  of 
the  style-branches;  one  pendulous  ovule  in  each  cell.  Ripe 
carpels  opening  usually  by  2  valves  at  the  apex,  occasionally  by 
irregular  splitting  below.  Seed  hanging  from  apex  or  attached 
horizontally.  Broom  Weed. 

Species  about  70,  mostly  American. 

Carpels  5  (in  S.  pyramidata  5  or  6). 

Inflorescences  terminal  and  axillary :  sessile  globose 
heads  intermixed  with  stipules  and  stipule-like 
bracts.  Petals  yellow.  Leaves  lanceolate  or 
subrhomboid-lanceolate  1.  S.  glomerata. 

Inflorescences :  terminal  heads  or  spikes  with  1  or 
2  leaf-like  bracts ;  in  axils  1  flower  or  a  few 
clustered.  Petals  yellow. 

Plants  tomentose  and  soft  to  touch.  Leaves 

ovate,  cordate.  Calyx  hirsute  2.  S.  aggregata. 

Plants  more  or  less  hirsute.  Leaves  ovate,  long 

acuminate  3.  S.  urens. 

Inflorescences :  flowers  solitary  in  axils,  with  some- 
times a  flowering  branch  developing  later. 

Ripe  carpels  opening  at  apex. 

Plants  more  or  less  tomentose  with  stellate 
hairs. 

Inflorescences  stalked.     Petals  yellow 4.  S.  spinosa. 

Inflorescences  subsessile.     Petals   white   or 

pale  buff 5.  S.  jamaicensis. 

Plants  procumbent,  with  minute  stellate  hairs 

and  also  long  simple  hairs.     Petals   pale 

yellow  or  nearly  white 6.   S.  procumbcns. 

Plants  puberulous  with  simple  hairs.     Petals 

orange-yellow 7.  S.  glabra. 

Plants  with  stem  and  branches  with  short 
glandular  hairs  and  longer  simple  hairs. 
Petals  yellow 8.  S.  glutinosa. 

Ripe  carpels  opening  irregularly  below.  Plants 

prostrate,  rooting.  Petals  yellow 9.  S.  liedera.' folia. 

Ripe  carpels  opening  below  by  the  white  mem- 
brane bursting  irregularly.  Petals  white  . . .  10.  S.  alba. 

Inflorescence  ample,  diffuse,  panicle-like. 

Calyx  2 •  5-3  mm.  1.     Petals  purple  or  crimson  ...  11.  S.  paniculata. 
Inflorescence  a  terminal  panicle. 
Calyx  4-5  mm.  1.     Petals  yellow. 

Stem  with  minute  stellate  hairs   12.  S.  pyramidata. 

Stem  with  glandular  pubescence  8.  S.  glutinosa. 


Sida  MALVACEAE  109 

Carpels  more  than  5  (in  S.  pyramidata  5  or  6). 
Calyx  5-8  mm.  1. 

Leaves  with  serrate  margin. 

Inflorescence  a  terminal  panicle.    Petals  yellow  12.  S .  pyramidata. 
Inflorescence    terminal,     flowers    solitary    or 
usually  in  leafy  heads   of  3-8,  peduncle 
adherent  to  petiole  of  leafy  bract.     Petals 

purplish-red   13.  S.  ciliaris. 

Inflorescence  :  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  with 
a  flowering  branch  also  sometimes  develop- 
ing  later,    the   flowers    usually  becoming 
crowded  at  apex  of  stem  and  branches. 
Leaves  tomentose  and  soft  to  the  touch  on 

both  sides. 

Carpel :    beaks  with  hairs  pointing  back- 
wards. 

Leaves  ovate.     Petals  yellow-buff 14.  S.  cordifolia. 

Leaves  oblong  to   linear.     Petals   pale 
buff  or  yellowish-white  veined  with 

pale  pink 15.  S.  salvicefolia. 

Carpel :  apical  corners  acute  or  mucronate. 

Petals  yellow 14.  var.  aWicscs folia. 

Leaves  tomentose  and  soft  to  the  touch 
beneath.  Petals  yellow.  Awns  long, 
glabrous  or  with  very  minute  hairs 16.  S.  rJiombifolia. 

Leaves  usually  glabrate  ;  stipules  sub-lanceo- 
late. Petals  yellow  or  white 17.  S.  acuta. 

Leaves  entire.     Petals  white  with  purplish  base    18.  S.  linifolia. 
Calyx  3-3 '5  mm.  1 t , 19.  S.  troy  ana. 

1.  S.  glomerata  Cav.  Diss.  i.  18,  t.  2,  f.  6  (1785);  young 
branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles  tomentose ;  leaves  lanceolate 
or  subrhomboid-lanceolate,  narrowed  to  the  apex,  base  wedge- 
shaped,  or  narrowly  truncate,  or  very  narrowly  cordate,  usually 
3-nerved,  on  both  sides  with  long  simple  hairs,  beneath  with 
stellate  hairs  also,  especially  on  nerves ;  stipules  broadly 
lanceolate,  acuminate;  inflorescence  sessile  or  subsessile,  axillary 
and  terminal,  a  many-flowered  raceme  shortened  into  a  globose 
head  intermixed  with  stipules  and  stipule-like  bracts ;  carpels  5, 
in  fruit  2  mm.  1.,  glabrous,  net-veined,  valves  usually  ending  at 
apex  in  a  sharp  point. — Griseb.  FI.  Br.  W.  Ind.  73  ;  K.  Scluim.  in 
Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  323 ;  E.  G.  Bak.  in  Journ.  Bot.  xxx.  237 ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  389  &  viii.  415. 

Moneague,  Prior  ! — West  Indies,  Central  and  tropical  S.  America. 

Herb  with  woody  base,  erect,  branching.  Leaves  2 -5-6  (7)  cm.  1., 
unequally  serrate  ;  petioles  5-7  mm.  1.  ;  stipules  8-10  mm.  1.,  5-1-nerved, 
margin  ciliate  otherwise  glabrous,  persisting.  Peduncles  short  or  very 
short,  jointed  at  middle.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  1.,  5-angled,  10-nerved,  lobes 
acuminate,  margins  and  angles  hispid  with  long  hairs.  Petals  yellow. 
Seeds  glabrous  but  puberulous  near  hilum. 

Broom-weeds   are   so   called   from   being    cut   and   used    as    brooms. 


110  FLORA    OF   JAMAH   \ 

Pounded  ami  M[iicoxcd  they  yield  a  mucilaginous  juk-r,  \vliicb,  on  mix 
h   any  pr>  ibstam-r   in   rlutliu  all    the   purposes  of 

p.     (Wright.) 


2.  S.  aggregata   /V'*/   'I!<-Ii<{.  Ilmn'.-.  /'/'. 

brandies,  petioles,  and  peduncles  soft  lu  the  toucli.  miniitelv 
^'inifiitose,  sometimes  also  with  h'ni;  spreading  h.-iirs  ;  lea 
<>vate.  cordate,  apex  acute,  obtuse  or  subacuminate,  7-nerved,  on 
li«>th  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  minutely  tomentose;  inflorescence 
terminal  and  axillary,  terminal  a  dense  interrupted  spike,  axillary 
Jobose  cluster  with  sometimes  also  a  flowering  branch;  carpels  •">, 
in  fruit  -  mm.  1.,  valves  blunt  at  apex,  covered  with  minute 
Hate  hairs,  sides  glabrous.  —  Ht-mxl.  in  Bid.  Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  10  1'  : 
E.  G.  Bale.  tout.  cit.  292  ;  Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  vi.  92.  S.  savannarum 
K.  St'lnim.  torn.  cit.  308  (1891);  E.  G.  Bed:  he.  n't.  Malva 
assurgens  villosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Ja'nt.  282? 

Bancroft  \  Macfadycn  !  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  \  Liguanea  plain, 
Catnpbelll  also  Clute\  Fawcett\  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6034,  6116,  G2G9  (in 
part),  6988.  —  Mexico  to  Colombia  and  Guiana. 

Perennial  shrubby  herb.  Leaves  2-7  cm.  1.,  unequally  serrate  ;  petioles 
as  long  as,  or  sborter  than,  the  blade  ;  stipules  5-7  mm.  1.,  thread-like. 
Calyx  7-8  mm.  1.,  10-augled,  minutely  tomentose,  long  hirsute  midway  at 
the  angles;  lobes  triangular,  acute.  Petals  11-12  mm.  1.,  buff-yellow. 
Seed  scarcely  2  mm.  1.,  dark  brown,  glabrous  but  with  a  few  short  hairs 
near  hilum. 

3.  S.  urens  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1145  (1759)  &  Amcen.  v.  402,  380  ; 
stem  and  branches,  with  petioles,  peduncles,  and  angles  of  calyx, 
hirsute  with  long  simple  hairs,  sometimes  2-3-4-armed  and  often 
shorter  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  long  acuminate, 
base    cordate,  unequally  serrate,  5(7)-nerved,  covered    on   both 
sides,  especially  on  nerves  beneath,  with  short  hairs,  3-4-armed 
or  sometimes  stellate  :  flowers  sessile  or  shortly  stalked,  axillary, 
one  or  a  few  in  a  subglobose  cluster,  with  a  flowering  branch 
developing  later  into  a  terminal  head  or  spike  with  1  or  2  small 
leaves   or   bracts  ;    carpels    5,    in    fruit    somewhat    more    than 
2  mm.  L,   apex  usually  with  2  short  teeth,  glabrous.  —  Sic:  Oba. 
Bot.  261  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  82  ;   Griseb.  op.  cit.  75  ;  Mast,  in  FL  Trop. 
Afr.  i.  179;  K.  Scltum.  torn,  cit,   306,  t.  60;  E.  G.  Bait.  torn.  cit. 
294;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  392  &  vlii.  418  ;  Britt.  <k  JL'lLy.  Bah. 
Fl  268.      S.  hirta  urticata  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  280.     Althsea 
spicata  betonicae  folio  villoso  spica  breviori  &  laxiori  Sloane  Cat. 
97  &  Hist.  i.  44,  /.  14,  /.  3.     (Specimen  in   Herb.  Sloane  iv.  57 
from  "one  of  the  Caribe  islands.")     Specimen  from  Browne  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnteus. 

Broiunel  Wright  \  Macfadyenl  Wilson  \  Moneague,  Prior  !  near  Gordon 
Town,  Ball  !  Bog  Walk  ;  Blue  Mts.  ;  Port  Antonio  ;  Lucea  ;  Porus  ;  Hitch- 
cock. —  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  trop.  cont.  America,  trop.  Africa,  Java. 

Perennial  herb,  1-2  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-0(1-9)  cm.  1.  ;  petioles  1-2  •  5  cm.  1.  ; 


Sida  MALVACEAE  111 

stipules  3-G  mm.  1.,  linear.  Calyx  6-8  mm.  1.,  5-angular ;  lobes  long 
acuminate.  Petals  yellow  blotched  with  red  at  base.  Seeds  somewhat 
more  than  1-5  mm.  1.,  3-sided,  emarginate  at  hilum,  brown. 

4.  S.  spinosa  L.  Sj).  PL  683  (1753) ;  young  branches,  petioles, 
and  peduncles  more  or  less  covered  with  very  minute  stellate 
hairs,  sometimes  glabrate ;  leaves  ovate-elliptical,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, linear-lanceolate,  or  lanceolate,  base  truncate  or  rounded, 
crenate- serrate,  5(3— 7)-nerved,  upper  surface  more  or  less  covered 
with  very  minute  stellate  hairs,  beneath  soft  to  the  touch,  tomen- 
tose  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  :   flowers  solitary  in  axils, 
sometimes  accompanied  by  a  very  short  flowering  branch,  at  apex 
sometimes  corymbose ;  carpels  5,  ripe  about  2  •  5  mm.  1.  ;  valves 
at  apex  with  2  short  spines,  upper  part  and  spines  puberulous, 
back  glabrous,  hard,  margined,   brown,  opening  above. — Bur  in. 
Fl.  Ind.  145;  Aull.  PL  Gidan.   ii.  703;  Lam.  Encijc.  i.  4;  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  460  ;  Presl  JReliq.  Haenk.  ii.  109  ;    Griseb.  op.  cit.  74  (in 
part) ;  E.  G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.  237  (in  part)  ;    Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  389 
(in  part)  &  mil.  414 ;  Britton  HI.  Fl.  ii.  421  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S. 
771  ;  Britt.  &  Jlilhp.  Bali.  Fl.  268.     S.  foliis  cordato-ovatis  etc. 
L.  Hort.  Cliff.  346.     S.  pimpinellifolia  Mill.  Did.  ed.  8  (1768), 
S.  angustifolia  Lam.  Encijc.  i.  4  (1783) ;  L'Herit.  Stir}).  109,  /.  52. 
S.  minor  Macf.  Jam.  i.  79  (1837).       S.   spinosa  var.   angustifolia 
K.  Schum.  torn.  cit.  298  (1891).     Althaea  virginiana  &c.  Pluk.  t.  9, 
f.  6  (specimens   in   Herb.  Sloane  xcii.   10   &   xcix.   53).     Malva 
minor   erecta   betonicse  folio  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  96  &  Hist.  i.  217. 
Type  in  Herb.  Linn.     Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  50  !  Bancroft !  Wilson  !  Kingston,  Prior  !  near  Spanish 
Town,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  11,910.— U.S.A.  (New  York  to  Kansas,  Florida, 
and  Texas),  tropical  America  (incl.  Bahamas  and  West  Indies),  infrequent 
and  probably  introduced  in  the  Old  World  and  Polynesia. 

Perennial  herb,  1-3  ft.  high.  Leaves  1-4  cm.  1. ;  petioles  '5-2  cm.  1., 
sometimes  with  1  or  2  minute  tubercles  or  spines  just  below  the  insertion ; 
stipules  5-9  mm.  L,  linear,  awl-shaped.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  L,  tomeiitose  with 
minute  stellate  hairs,  10-nerved,  5-angled ;  lobes  deltoid,  acute.  Petals 
yellow.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1.,  3-sided,  dark  brown. 

5.  S.  jamaieensis  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1145  (1759)  <fe  Amcen.  r.  401, 
380  ;  young  branches  tomeiitose  with  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves  oblique 
and   variable    in    shape,   roundish-ovate,   ovate,  oblong,  or    sub- 
rhoinboid,  apex  obtuse,  5-nerved,  serrate-crenate  above  the  base, 
on  upper    surface  with   minute   stellate  hairs,  beneath  densely 
tomentose  with  stellate  hairs ;  flowers  solitary  in  axils  with  very 
short   peduncles,   sometimes    with    another    flower    and   a   short 
flowering   branch   appearing   later,  forming   a  subsessile   cluster, 
peduncles  2-3  mm.  L,  not  jointed;  carpels  5,  in  fruit  2-3  mm.  1., 
with  2  short  beaks,  upper  part  tomentose,  back   and  sides  net- 
veined,  glabrous. — Cav.  Di.«s.  i  17,  t.  2, /.  5;  Sw.  Ob*.  ]><>t.  258  ; 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  77;   Griseb.  op.  cit,   74;   K.  Schum.   tom.   cit.  304; 


112  n.«i;A    OF    JAMA:  >SV 

I'..  <;.  B,,J,\  to  .  <!t.  237  ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  ?•///.  414.  S.  alnifolia  7V*/ 
U.-Hfj.  JI<» •///,-.  //.  10S  (1836)  (non  L.).  S.  humilior  foliis  &c, 
/;/.  ."-,/r  #/s*.  Jam.  280.  S.  sericea  Mill  Diet.  c<l.  S  (17G8). 
Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnoeu>. 
Miller's  type  from  Houstoun  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Specimen 
fr.  -m  Presl  (Reliq.  Haenk.)  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Broad-leafed   Broom  Weed. 

Savannas  round  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  Sloanc  Herb.  iv.  52 !  Housi> 
Hb.  Sloane  iv.  52*  !  Browne  \  Bancioft !  Moneague,  Prior  !  March  ! — Cuba, 
Hispaniola,  St.  Thomas,  St.  John,  Santa  Cruz,  St.  Bartholomew,  Guade- 
loupe, Desirade,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Perennial  decumbent  herb  or  undershrub,  1-2  ft.  high.  Leaves 
I1 5-4  cm.  1. ;  petioles  4-7  mm.  L,  villose;  stipules  equalling  the  petiole, 
lanceolate  or  lanceolate-linear,  or  linear,  hairy.  Calyx  about  6  mm.  L, 
5-angled,  densely  tomentose ;  lobes  acuminate.  Petals  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  white  or  pale  buff.  Seeds  l-5  mm.  L,  brown,  3-sided,  eniarginate 
at  apex,  sometimes  with  a  few  minute  hairs  on  surface,  usually  some  near 
hilum. 

The  leaves  and  buds  contain  a  great  quantity  of  mucilage,  and  they 
lather  like  soap,  with  water ;  they  are  used  in  shaving  washes,  &c.  The 
leaves  are  purgative.  (Browne.) 

6.  S.  proeumbens  Sio.  Prodr.  101  (1788)  &  Fl  Lid.  Occ. 
1211  ;  young  branches,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyx  more  or 
less  covered  with  minute  stellate  hairs  and  also  with  long  simple 
hairs  ;  leaves  ovate  to  ovate-roundish,  cordate,  apex  obtuse  to 
rounded,  crenate-serrate,  7-nerved,  minutely  tomentose  on  both 
sides,  often  with  long  hairs  on  nerves  beneath  ;  flowers  axillary, 
usually  solitary  ;  peduncles  slender,  usually  longer  than  the 
petiole,  sometimes  longer  than  the  whole  leaf,  jointed  near  apex ; 
carpels  5,  ripe,  3*3-4  mm.  1.  (incl.  beaks),  back  glabrous, 
wrinkled,  margined  ;  valves  2-beaked  ;  beaks  scarcely  1  mm.  1. — 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  390  &  mil  416  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  269. 
S.  pilosa  Cav.  Diss.  i.  9,  t.  1,  f.  8  (non  Retz.}  (1785).  C.  ovata 
Cav.  Diss.  vi.  350,  t.  196,  f.  ''2  (1788)  (non  Forsk.).  S.  supina 
L'Her.  Stirp.  v.  109  bis,  t'.  52  bis  (1788);  Griseb.  op.  cit.  75; 
E.  G.  Bale.  torn.  cit.  291  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  770.  S.  abutifolia 
(abutilifolia  in  ms.)  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768)  is  perhaps  a 
synonym.  Specimen  collected  in  Hispaniola  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  named  by  him. 

Salt  ponds,  Broughton !  Swartz  \  Long  Mt.,  1200  ft. ;  Healthshire  Hills, 
50  ft. ;  Luana  Point ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9388,  9531,  9904.— Florida  Keys, 
Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Mona,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St. 
Martin,  Saba,  St.  Eustatius,  Curacao,  Mexico  to  Venezuela. 

Annual  or  perennial  lierb,  branched  from  the  base ;  branches  procum- 
bent or  spreading,  1-6  dm.  1.  Leaves  -6-1-5  cm.  1. ;  petioles  nearly 
equalling  the  limb;  stipules  small,  thread-like.  Calyx  5-6  mm.  L,  lobes 
ovate,  acuminate,  somewhat  shorter  than  the  5-angled  tube.  Petals  half  as 
long  again  as  the  calyx,  pale  yellow  or  nearly  white.  Seeds  slightly 
longer  than  2  mm.,  dark  brown,  with  minute  hairs  or  glabrate. 


Sida  MALVACEAE  113 

7.  S.    glabra    Mill.   Diet.    ed.    8    (1768)  ;    young   branches, 
petioles,    peduncles,    and    calyx    puberulous  with   simple    hairs ; 
leaves  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate,   cordate,   serrate-crenate, 
more  or  less  puberulous  on  the  nerves  ;  flowers  at  first  solitary 
in    the    axils,    a    flowering    branch    with    small    leaves    usually 
developing  later  in.  each  axil ;   peduncles   1-4  cm.   1.,  slender ; 
carpels  5  ;  ripe   glabrous,  about  2  •  5  mm.  1.  ;  beaks  2,  minutely 
puberulous,  2  mm.  1. — Britton  in  BrooM.  Bot.   Gard.  Mem.  i.  68. 
S.  ulmifolia  Cav.  Diss.  i.  15,  t.  2, /.  4  (1785) ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  75; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  392  &  mil.  417.     S.  arguta  Sw.  Prodr.   101 
(1788)  &  Fl.  IncL  Occ.  1205  ;   Macf.  Jam.  i.  81  ;   E.  G.  Bdk.  torn, 
cit.  293.      Type    specimen   from  Miller,   renamed  S.  arguta  by 
Swartz,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Macfadyen ;  Kingston,  Prior  !  March  !  Constant  Spring  ;  Bog  Walk  ; 
Lucea  ;  Hitchcock ;  Lit'itz,  Harris  \  M.  Jam.  12,687. — West  Indies  as  far 
south  as  Martinique,  Central  America,  Colombia,  Ecuador. 

Shrubby  herb,  2-3  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-7  cm.  1. ;  petioles  1-2-5  (-5-3-5) 
cm.  1. ;  stipules  linear,  2 '5-5  mm.  1.  Calyx  5-6  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  acuminate. 
Petals  yellow  or  orange-yellow. 

8.  S.  glutinosa  Commers.  ex  Cav.  Diss.  i.  16,  t.  2, /.  8  (1785)  ; 
young  stem  and  branches  with  short  glandular  hairs  and  longer 
simple    hairs ;    leaves    ovate,    usually    acuminate,   base  cordate, 
7(9)-nerved,    irregularly    serrate,    stellate-puberulous    on    both 
sides  but  denser  beneath,  velvety  in  young  leaves  ;  flowers  with 
long   peduncles,   at   first  solitary  in  the  axils,   sometimes    with 
another  flower  or  a  flowering  branch  developing  later,  ultimately 
forming  a  leafy  panicle ;  carpels  5,  when  ripe  2  mm.   1.   (excl. 
beaks),    puberulous  on  upper  part ;    beaks    2,    puberulous   with 
simple  hairs,  spreading  or  ascending,   1   mm.  1. — K.  Sclium.  torn, 
cit.  310;  E.  G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.  293  (incl.  var.  cinered) ;   Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  ii:  394  &  viii.  417  ;  Britt,  &  Millsp.  Bak  FL  269.    S.  nervosa 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  465  (1824) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  83  ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  75. 

Wright  \  Broughton  \  Swartz  \  Macfadyen  \  Distin  !  Mt.  Diablo,  Prior  ! 
March  I  Kingston,  Hitchcock;  near  Ewarton,  1000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
6619. — Bahamas,  West  Indies,  Central  America,  northern  South  America. 

Shrubby  herb,  2-4  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-6  (1-5-7 -5)  cm.  1. ;  petioles  2-3-5 
'cm.  1.,  puberulous,  sometimes  glandular;  stipules  1-5-2  mm.  1.,  thread- 
like. Peduncles  1-2-5  cm.  1.,  puberulous,  often  glandular.  Calyx  4- 5-5 
mm.  1.,  puberulous,  lobes  triangular,  subacuminate.  Petals  yellow.  Seeds 
1-6  mm.  1.,  glabrous,  dark  brown. 

9.  S.  hedersefolia  Cav.   Diss.   i.   8,   t.  9,  /.  3  (1785) ;  stem 
simple  or  with  few  branches  ;  young  branches  hispid  with  stellate 
hairs    or  glabrate ;    leaves  roundish  or   ovate-roundish,  cordate, 
crenate -toothed,  more  or  less  hirsute  on  both  sides  with  stellate 
hairs  (sometimes  simple),  or  glabrate  ;  flowers  axillary,  solitary  ; 
peduncles  very  slender,  about  as  long  as  the  petioles,  glabrate  or 
densely  puberulous;  carpels  5,  when  ripe  covered  all  over  with 

v.  i 


114  FLORA   Or   JAMAICA 

network  of  slightly  prominent  lines,  about  4  mm.  1.  (iiu-1.  brai 
apex  and  beaks  minutely  hirtellous. — DC.  Pr<><ir.  i.   h>.'3  :    (ii/.^l>. 
PI.  }\'n'(fJif.   in   3IciK.At.-ad.  Anirr.   // .   ser.   viii.   163;   Urb.  Si/mb. 
Ant.  iv.  391  &•  riii.  417;  Britt.  /!'•  Milhp.  Bait.  Fl.  268.     S.  foliis 
mi-dads  A:c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burin.)  t.  169, /.  3. 

Wright  \ — Bahamas,  Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico. 

Jli'i-'b,  prostrate,  rooting  at  the  nodes.  Leaves  -6-2-5cm.br.;  petioles 
equal  to  or  longer  than  the  limb,  1-3  cm.  1.,  densely  hirtellous  with 
stellate  hairs  or  glabrate,  or  with  a  line  of  simple  hairs  on  upper  face ; 
stipules  about  3  mm.  1.,  linear.  Calyx  3-3 '5  mm.  1.  Petals  yellow. 

The  beaks  are  described  by  Cavanilles  as  "  hamatis,"  and  his  figure 
and  that  of  Plunder  agree  with  the  description  in  representing  the  beaks 
as  with  bairs  pointing  backwards — otherwise  his  description  agrees  with 
our  specimens. 


10.  S.   alba    L.   %   PL   ed.    2,    960   (1763)  &    (name  only) 
Amam.  v.  380  (1760);  young  branches,  petioles,   and  peduncles 
covered  with   minute  stellate   hairs ;    leaves   roundish-ovate   to 
lanceolate,  subcordate  to  rounded  at  base,  serrate,  5-nerved,  with 
very    minute    stellate    hairs    on    both    sides,    sparse    on    upper 
surface,    denser   beneath   and  sometimes    tomentose ;   flowers    at 
first  solitary,  then  a  shortened  raceme  of  a  few  crowded  flowers 
developing,   often  succeeded   by  a  flowering  branch  ;  carpels   5, 
when   ripe  about  2   mm.    L,   opening    below    by  the  white    thin 
membrane    bursting    irregularly,     apex    with     2     short    beaks, 
puberulous   at  apex  and   on  beaks. — Burin.   FL  lad.  146;  L<im. 
Enryr.  /.  4  ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  460  ;  Boxb.  FL  Lid.  Hi.  174.    8.  angusti- 
folia  Mill.  Diet,  ed,  8  (1768).     S.  spinosa  var.  /3  L.  Sp.  PL  684 
(1753).       S.   spinosa   L.   (as   regards  var.  /5)  Griseb.  op.   cit.    74; 
Mast,  in  FL  Trap.  A/r.  i.  180  &  in  Hook.  f.  FL  Br.  Ind.  i.  323  : 
K.  Sclmm.  torn.  cit.   297  ;  E.  G.   Bale.  torn.  cit.  237  ;  Trimen  FL 
CeyL  i.  142.     Malvinda  bicornis  &c.  Dill.  Eltli,  214,  t.  171,  f.  210. 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linn?eus,  cultivated  in  Hort. 
Upsal.     Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Distinl  Macfadyen  !  Bethlehem,  St.  Elizabeth,  T.  J.  Harris!  FL  Jam. 
8288. — Bahamas,  Cuba,  Montserrat,  tropical  cont.  America,  Africa,  India. 

Leaves  1-5-4 -5  cm.  1. ;  petioles  2'5-l  cm.  1.  (-4  mm.  1.)  ;  stipules  linear- 
awl-shaped,  3-7  mm.  1.  Peduncle  8-13  mm.  1.  Calyx  5-6  mm.  1., 
tomentose  with  minute 'stellate  hairs,  10-nerved,  5-angled  ;  lobes  deltoid, 
acute.  Petals  white.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1.  3-sided,  dark  brown. 

11.  S.  panieulata  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,   1145  (1759)  &  Am&n.  v. 
401,  380;  stem  and  branches  covered  with  yellow  stellate  hairs, 
youngest  parts  tomentose,  at  length  glabrate  ;  leaves  ovate,  more 
or  less  acuminate,  cordate  at  base,  unequally  serrate,  7(5)-nerved, 
upper  surface    more   or   less   covered   with    small   stellate  hairs, 
beneath   tomentose  ;   flowers   at   first  solitary  with  long  slender 
peduncles  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves,  followed  generally  by 
a  flowering  branch  in  each  axil,  forming  ultimately  altogether  a 


Sitla  MALYACKJ:  115 


large  terminal  leafy  paniculate  inflorescence  ;  carpels  5,  when 
ripe  2  •  5-3  •  5  mm.  1.,  valves  acute  at  apex  or  with  1  or  2  very 
short  beaks,  back  with  minute  stellate  hairs.  —  Cai\  Diss.  i.  16, 
/.  12.  f.  5;  Sic.  Obs.  Hot.  259;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  \V.  Lid.  76; 
K.  Schum.  torn.  clt.  293,  t.  58;  E.  G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.  294. 
S.  humilior  rainosa  Arc.,  S.  foliis  cordato-acuminatis  serratis  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  280.  S.  atrosanguinea  Jacq.  Ic.  PL  Piar. 
t.  136  ;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  260;  S.  capillaris  Cav.  Diss.  i.  10,  /.  I,/.  7  ; 
J\I(icf.  Jam.  i.  83.  S.  floribunda  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  v. 
258,  t.  473.  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  in 
Solander's  hand. 

Browne  \  Wriglit\  Massonl  Westmoreland,  Purdie  !  Pedro  Bluff  ;  Belle 
Vue,  near  Spanish  Town  ;  between  Old  Harbour  bay  and  Longville  Park  ; 
Two  Mile  Wcod  Pen,  St.  Catherine  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9723,  11,912, 
11,948,  12,049,  12,068.—  Cuba,  Mexico  to  Paraguay,  Galapagos  Is.,  trop. 
Africa. 

Perennial  herb,  woody  at  the  base,  to  3  ft.,  and  more,  high.  Leaves 
varying  much  in  size,  about  5  cm.  1.  where  the  flowers  begin  to  show, 
larger  below,  and  smaller  above  with  inflorescences  in  their  axils  ;  petioles 
very  short  in  upper  leaves,  long  in  lowest  leaves  ;  stipules  thread-like, 
5-8  mm.  1.  Calyx  2  '5-3  mm.  1.,  tornentose  with  stellate  hairs,  lobes 
triangular,  somewhat  acute.  Petals  crimson  or  purple.  Seeds  1*5  mm.  1., 
purplish-brown,  with  very  minute  adpressed  hairs  scattered  over  surface. 

12.  S.  pyramidata  Desportes  ex  Cav.  Diss.  i.  11,  t.  I,  f.  10 
(1785)  A:  t.  194,  /.  1  ;  young  branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles 
more  or  less  covered  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves 
roundish-ovate,  acuminate,  cordate,  crenate-serrate,  7-nerved, 
more  or  less  covered  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  sparsely  on 
upper  surface  densely  beneath  ;  flowers  in  a  terminal  panicle  ; 
carpels  5  or  6,  when  ripe  about  2'5  mm.  L,  with  2  very  short 
beaks  ('5  mm.  L),  back  and  beaks  covered  with  minute  stellate 
hairs.  —  Gristjb.  torn.  cit.  75  ;  Urb.  Si/ntb.  Ant.  iv.  393  A:  viii. 
418.  8.  dumosa  Sw.  Prodr.  101  (1788)  &  FL  Lid.  Occ.  1209; 
3facf.  Jam.  i.  82  ;  E.  G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.  296.  Specimen  from 
Wright  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  named  by  Swartz. 

Wriglit\  Macfadyenl  McKab  ;  Wilson  1  Priori  Harchl  Porus,  Hitch- 
cock ;  Stony  Hill,  J.P.  683,  Jenman  I  Grandvale,  Westmoreland,  500  ft.  ; 
Xegril  sea-coast,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7071,  10,216.  —  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto 
Kico,  Martinique,  Mexico  to  Colombia. 

Undershrub,  3-8  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-11  cm.  1.  ;  petioles  1*5-7  cm.  1.  ; 
stipules  7-10  mm.  1.,  linear-awl-shaped  or  thread-like.  Calyx  4'5-5nim.  1. 
with  minute  stellate  hairs,  5-cornered  in  bud  ;  lobes  triangular,  shortly 
acuminate  with  a  long  narrow  tip.  Petals  6-7  mm.  1.  and  more,  ta\vny 
yellow.  Seeds  about  1*3  mm.  1.,  dark  brown,  glabrous  but  with  very 
minute  hairs  near  hilum. 

13.  S.  eiliaris  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1145  (1759)  &  Amcen.  i:  401, 
380  ;  young  branches  covered  with  stellate  or  2-4-armed  ad- 
pressed  hairs  ;  leaves  oblong,  oblong-elliptical,  or  obovate,  serrate 
above  the  middle,  upper  surface  glabrous,  but  with  simple  hairs 

i  2 


1  10  KL<»I;A  OF  .IAMAI 

in    S.   American    specimen-,  covered    '"  nealh   with    stellate    hair 
intlore-reMee  terminal,  ilowers   solitary  <>r   usually  in   umbellit'orm 
heads  of  3-S,  peduiirle  adherent    to  the  petiole  of  the  leai'y  l»rnet   ; 
rarpel  5    'tin    S.     America),    when    ripe    about     -    nun.    1., 

tuheivnla'.e  spiny.  Cav.  Di*x.  /.  '1 1 ,  /.  ."»,/.  9  :  >'/''.  01>*.  I»«f.  2~>7  ' 
M<i<  t'.  J'1,,1.  i.  71)  :  (>  rix'l,.  <>j>.  .•/'/.  7-".  :  K.  Srlmm.  /"///.  cit.  283  : 
/•;.  '<;.  Bub.  torn.  <•//.  141;  Url>.  Sfi.nh.  Ant.  iv,  388;  /;/•///.  .1- 
Mill.<j>.  ]><ilt.  FL  2(>7.  Malva  minor  .-upina  hetonira-  folio,  flop- 
coccineo  A:c.  Slmnm  Cat.  '."'>  A:  7//'.s-/.  /.  -17,  /.  137, /.  '1.  Malva 
minima  supina  iVe.  Hr<nrn>'  llixt.  Jam.  -*-. 

Savannas.  Sloane  Jln-b.  iv.  ):)!  l>ruvnc\  llrouyhton*.  Swartzl  Ban- 
croft^, near  Kingston,  McXabl  Prior !  Liguanca  plain,  Campbell \  Hope 
grounds,  Fawccttl  near  Black  Kiver ;  near  Spanish  Town:  Jfurrisl  Fl. 
Jam.  6023,  8303,  9768,  12,044.— Florida  Keys,  Bahamas,  West  Indies, 
Texas,  Central  and  South  America. 

Perennial  herb,  woody  at  base.  Stems  several,  1-3  dm.  1.,  prostrate  or 
spreading.  Leaves  G-13(-25)  mm.  1.  ;  petiole  as  long  as,  or  shorter  than, 
the  limb;  stipules  linear  or  Jinear-spathulate,  ciliate,  about  as  long  as  the 
petiole.  Calyx  4-5  mm.  1.,  lobes  rather  longer  than  the  tube,  triangular, 
hirsute.  Petals  usually  purplish-red,  sometimes  yellow  at  tips.  Seeds 
about  1'5  mm.  in  diam.,  dark  brown,  covered  with  minute  adpressed 
hairs. 

14.  S.  eordifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  G84  (1753):  stem  and  branches 
in  upper  parts,  petioles,  and  peduncles  minutely  tomentose, 
sometimes  also  with  long  hairs,  at  length  glabrate  ;  leaves  ovate, 
obtuse  or  acute,  cordate,  on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  minutely 
tomentose  ;  inflorescence  terminal  and  axillary,  a  crowded  raceme 
or  corymb  or  cluster,  flowers  sometimes  solitary  in  the  axils  ; 
carpels  7-12:  ovary  hairy  on  backs  of  lobes  with  minute  con- 
verging spinules  at  apex  with  hairs  pointing  backwards,  ripe 
carpels  3—4  mm.  1.,  opening  at  apex,  valves,  back  and  sides  net- 
veined,  with  '2  stiff  bristles  at  apex  about  as  long  as  the  carpel, 
prolonged  beyond  the  calyx,  covered  with  short  hairs  pointing 
backwards. — Griseb.  op.  cit.  76;  Mast,  in  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  i.  181  & 
in  Hook.  f.  FL  Br.  Ind.  i.  324;  K.  Sclmm.  torn.  c&.  329,  t.  62; 
E.  G.  Bak.  ton,,  cit.  291  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  770;  Urb.  Si/ml. 
Ant.  iv.  391  cfc  viii.  416.  S.  foliis  cordato-ovatis  ifcc.  L.  FL  Zeijl. 
a.  254,  116.  S.  conferta  Link  Emtnt.  Hort.  BeroL  ii.  207  (1822). 
Althrea  maderaspatana  Arc.  Pluk.  Plujt.  t.  131,  /.  2  (specimens 
in  Herb.  Sloane  xcv.  2).  A.  orientalis  bidens  &c.  Pink.  PA///. 
t.  356,  f.  1  (specimens  in  Herb.  Sloane  xciii.  21  A:  xciv.  143). 
Malva  bicornis  Arc.  Dill  Elth.  211,  t.  171,  /.  209.  Specimen  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Hermann 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Liguanea  plain,  McNabl  Great  Valley,  Manchester,  Purdicl  Windward 
road,  Campbell !  Fl.  Jam.  5972. — Florida  and  Keys,  West  Indies,  tropical 
cont.  America,  trop.  and  subtrop.  Africa  and  Asia. 

Perennial  herb  or  undcrshrub,  erect,  1-5  ft.  high.     Leaves   3-5  (2-8) 


Sida  MALVAC:  117 

cm.  1.,  serrate  ;  petiole  generally  about  half  as  long  as  the  blade;  stipules 
5-7  mm.  L,  thread-like,  tomentose.  Peduncle  jointed,  shorter  or  longer 
than  the  petiole.  Calyx  G-7  mm.  1.  in  fl.,  8  mm.  1.  in  fr.,  tomentose,  tube 
10-angled.  Petals  about  1  cm.  1.,  yellow-buff.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  L, 
somewhat  cordate,  dark  brown,  glabrous,  but  with  very  minute  hairs  near 
hilum. 

Var.  althseifolia   Griseb.   loc.  cit.   (1859) ;   distinguished  by 
absence   of   terminal  spinules  or   bristles   on  ovary  and  fruit. - 
S.   altha?jefolia    Sw.    Prodr.    101   (1788)    &    FL   Ind.   Occ.    1207  ; 
L'Her.  Stirp.  v.  112  Us;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  464;  Narf.  Jan,,  i.  81. 
Althaea  flore  luteo  Sloane  Cat.  96  &  Hist.  i.  218,  t.  136, /.  2. 

Old  Harbour,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  53  !  Wright !  Houstoun  \  common  on  dry 
plains  and  hills,  Macfadyen !  Lane !  March !  Prior !  near  Gordon  Town , 
Ball !  Liguanea  plain,  Clute ! — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Isle  of  Pines,  Porto 
Rico,  Yucatan.  Cape  Verde  Is. 

15.  S.   salvisefolia  Presl  Eel    HaenJ;.  ii.    110  (1836);    stem 
soft  to  the  touch,  tomentose 'with  minute  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves 
oblong,  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear,  usually  obtuse,  base  rounded, 
soft  to  the  touch  and  tomentose  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs 

f 

on  both  sides,  1— 3-nerved  ;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  becoming 
corymbose  at  apex ;  carpels  7—10,  when  ripe  3  mm.  1.  (excl. 
bristles),  hirtellous  on  upper  part  of  back,  broader  below,  with 
2  long  bristles  at  apex,  bristles  2-2  *  3  mm.  L,  covered  with  short 
hairs  pointing  backwards. — K.  Schum.  torn.  cit.  338  (under 
S.  rhombifolia  L.)  (1891).  S.  erecta  Macf.  Jam.  i.  80  (1837)  ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  92.  S.  spinosa  var.  angustifolia,  form  Griseb. 
op.  cit.  74  (1859).  S.  angustissima  St.  Hil.  var.  Moritziana 
K.  ScJium.  torn.  cit.  336  (1891).  S.  spinosa  var.  salvirefolia 
E.  G.  BaJc.  in  Jonrn.  Bot.  xxx.  237  (1892).  S.  angustissima 
JR.  E.  Fries  in  Scenslta  Vetensk.  AJcad.  Handl.  xlii.  ii.  12,  34 
(1908)  (with  regard  to  specimens  from  Porto  Rico  to  Colombia) 
(non  St.  Hil.).  Specimen  from  Presl  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
Specimens  from  Macfadyen  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Liguanea  plain,  near  Halfway  Tree,  Macfadijcn  \  also  IfcXab !  also 
Campbell !  Kingston,  Prior !  Long  Mt.  road,  Harris !  Fl.  Jain.  GOUT, 
10,000. — Porto  llico,  St.  Cruz,  Margarita,  Mexico,  Colombia. 

Perennial  herb,  1-2  ft.  high,  erect,  branches  few.  Leaves  1-5  cm.  1., 
serrulate ;  petioles  rather  short ;  stipules  thread-like,  soon  falling. 
Peduncle  short,  usually  longer  than  the  petiole,  jointed.  Calyx  5-6  mm.  1., 
minutely  tomentose,  10-ribbed,  5-angled;  lobes  acuminate  or  acute. 
Petals  pale  buff  colour  or  yellowish-white  veined  with  pale  pink. 

16.  S.  rhombifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  684  (1753);  young  parts  ,,f 
branches,  also  peduncles,  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  oblong,  or    rhomboid-oblong,  wedge-shaped  at    ba-r. 
3-nerved,  upper  surface  with  minute  stellate  hairs  or  glabrato, 
minutely  tomentose  beneath  :   ilowers  s-tlitary  in  the  axils,  rarely 
a  flowering  branch  appearing  much  later  than  the  original  ilowcr, 


118 


FLUKA    OF   JAMAICA 


Sida 


the  terminal  flowers  become  corymbose ;  <-a,rp<'ls  lu-l  I, 
\vlu>n  ri|>t'  3-  1  unn.  1.,  with  1  or  -  bra.ks  at  apex,  beaks  -I;;!)!, 
or    \vitli    very  minute   hairs.-    HV/V//    .l/o//.    i".»l   ;    drim-li.    <>j>.   cit. 
7  !  :  .V./N/.  ///>/.  7Vop.  .-I/,-,  i.  1S1  4v  /„  //„„/,-/.  FLBr',1.  Tnd.  i.  323  ; 
A'.  £V/m,,/.    /"/;/.    r/V.    337,    /.    (53  :    7;.   (i.  J!.iL   /o;y/.  r//.  231) 
T^7/.  X.7?.  C/.6\  771  :   Uri.  Synth.  Ant.   iv.  390  &  !;/«/.  415  j 
7'V.  Bcrw.  236.     S.  ruderata  Macf.  Jan,.  L  SO  (1837). 


Pi.;1.  i(J. — ,S'('c?ft  rhomljifolia  L. 

A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  Ditto  seen  from  the  back  X  7. 

flowers  X  -5.  D,  Seed  x  7. 

B,  Eipe  carpel  seen  from  the  side  X  7. 

unicornis  cfec.  Dill.  EWi.  216,  t.  172,  f.  212.  (Fig.  46.)  Specimen 
in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnreus.  Specimen  from  Hort,  Cliff, 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wright  I  St.  Mary,  McNabl  St.  Ann,  Pur  die  \  Moneaguc,  Priori  Port 
Morant ;  Porus  ;  Hitchcock;  J.P.  940,  Morris  \  near  Castleton,  TJiompsonl 
Pen  Hill,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  2500  ft.;  Troy,  2000  ft.;  Harris !  PI.  Jam. 
5802,  6742,  12,604.— Bermuda,  N.  Carolina  to  Texas  and  Florida,  West 
Indies,  warmer  regions  of  the  whole  world. 

Perennial  herb,  1-3  ft.  high,  usually  much  branched.  Leaves  2-8  cm.  1. 
and  more,  serrate  or  crenulate  above  the  base ;  petioles  3-5  mm.  1. ; 
stipules  4-5(-10)  mm.  L,  narrowly  linear  ;  tubercles  below  the  petioles 
occasionally  occurring.  Peduncles  often  nearly  equalling  the  leaf,  2-3 '5 
cm.  L,  jointed  above  the  middle.  Calyx  6-7  mm.  1.,  10-angled,  with  very 
minute  hairs,  angles  thickened  at  base.  Petals  yellow,  sometimes  with  a 
purplish  blotch  at  base.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  L,  brown,  glabrous  but  with 
very  short  hairs  near  the  hilurn,  somewhat  cordate. 


Sida  MALVACEAE  119 

17.  S.  aeuta  Burm.  Fl.  Ind.  147  (1768) ;  young  parts  of  stem 
and  branches  together  with  petioles  and  peduncles  usually  with 
stellate  and  simple  hairs ;  larger  leaves  unequal -sided,  oblong- 
lanceolate  to  ovate  or  narrowly  lanceolate,  sometimes  sub- 
acuminate,  base  rounded  or  wedge-shaped,  3(l)-nerved,  at  first 
with  stellate  and  simple  hairs,  the  stellate  very  minute  on  upper 
surface,  mature  leaves  usually  glabrate ;  flowers  at  first  solitary, 
later  accompanied  by  a  flowering  branch  often  more  or  less 
subsessile,  with  several  flowers  simulating  a  globose  or  umbellate 
inflorescence;  carpels  7-12,  when  ripe  3-4  mm.  L,  with  margins 
of  back  subcrested,  sides  net-veined,  apex  with  2  very  short 
beaks,  apex  and  beaks  puberulous  with  very  minute  stellate 
hairs.— Wight  Ic.  t.  95  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  771  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
iv.  389  &  mil.  415.  S.  acuta  Burm.  var.  carpinifolia  K.  Sclmm. 
torn.  cit.  326  (1891) ;  E.  G.  Bale.  torn.  cit.  238  :  Bobinson  in  A.  Gr. 
Fl.  N.  Amer.  L  324.  S.  ulmifolia  Mill.  'Diet.  ed.  8  (1768). 
S.  carpinifolia  Linn.  f.  Suppl.  307  (1781);  Griseb.  op.  cit.  73; 
Mast,  in  Fl  Trop.  Afr.  i.  180  &  in  Hook  f.  FL  Brit,  Ind.  L  323 ; 
Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  236  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  Fl.  268.  S.  stipulate 
Cav.  Diss.  i.  22,  t.  3,  f.  10  (1785).  "  S.  Balbisiana  DC.  Prodr.  i. 
460  (1824).  S.  trivialis  Macf.  Jam,  i,  78  (1837).  Althaea 
coromandeliana  angustis  &c.  Pluk.  Aim.  Mant.  fol,  10,  pi.  2  & 
Pltyt.  t,  334  (specimens  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcii.  10  &  xcix.  53). 
Malva  erecta  minor  carpinifolio  &c.  Sloane  Cat,  96  <fe  Hist.  i.  218. 
Specimen  from  Madeira  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  also  Miller's  type. 
The  type  of  Miller's  S.  hirsutissima  (Diet.  ed.  8)  in  Herb.  Mus. 
Brit,  appears  to  be  merely  a  hirsute  form. 

St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  51 !  Wright !  Siuartz !  St.  John, 
Purdie  !  Kingston  ;  Moneague  ;  Mt.  Diablo  ;  Prior  !  March !  Kingston, 
Clute  \  Constant  Spring  ;  Bog  Walk  ;  Porus ;  Port  Morant ;  Hitchcock  ; 
near  Castleton,  Thompson !  Ton  Bridge  Pen,  400  ft.  Campbell  \  Quarry, 
Spanish  Town,  Harris  !  PI.  Jam.  6238, 6422,  6759,  8088.— S.  United  States, 
Bermuda,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  subtropical  and  tropical  regions. 

Perennial  or  annual  herb  or  undershrub,  1-3  ft.  high,  erect  or  more  or 
less  prostrate,  branching.  Leaves  1-5-7  (9)  cm.  1.,  irregularly  serrate; 
petioles  4-5  mm.  1. ;  stipules  1-1-5  cm.  L,  sublanceolate  to  linear.  Calyx 
6-8  mm.  L,  often  with  minute  stellate  hairs  and  long  simple  hairs  on 
margins  and  nerves,  10-nerved  ;  lobes  acuminate.  Petals  orange-yellow  or 
white.  Seeds  glabrous  but  puberulous  near  hilum. 

18.  S.  linifolia  Juss.  ex  Cav.  Diss.  i.  14,  t.  2,  /.  1  (1785)  ; 
young  parts  with  simple,  forked,  or  stellate  hairs ;  leaves  linear 
to  lanceolate,  long  attenuate-acuminate,  entire,  3-nerved,  with 
simple  or  forked  adpressed  hairs  on  both  sides  ;  inflorescence  a 
terminal  corymb  with  sometimes  1  or  2  flowers  together  in  the 
upper  axils;  carpels  7-9,  when  ripe  about  2'5  mm.  1.,  glabrous; 
apex,  in  still  unripe  state,  hollowed  so  as  to  appear  as  if  there 
were  2  small  horns,  but  these  are  indistinct  when  ripe.— 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  76  ;  Mast,  in  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  i,  179  ;  K.  ScJmm. 


120  FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA  Sidn 

torn.  cit.  292,  /.  57;  E.   G.  Bak.  torn.  cit.   140;   Urb.  Syrn.  Ant. 
riii.  413. 

Hollis's  savanna,  Upper  Clarendon,  2400  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,250.— 
Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Tobago,  Trinidad,  Central  America,  trop. 
S.  America,  trop.  Africa. 

Annual  or  biennial  herb,  1-3  ft.  high,  becoming  woody  below.     Le< 
2-6(-14)  cm.  1. ;  petioles  2-6  mm.  1. ;  stipules  4-7  mm.  1.,  linear  or  narrowly 
lanceolate.     Calyx  about  5  mm.  1.,  pubescent.     Petals  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  calyx,  white  with  dark  purple  base.     Seeds  scarcely  2  mm.  1.,  brown 
glabrous. 

19.  S.  troyana  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  r.  419  (1908) ;  young  parts  o: 
branches,  also  petioles  and  peduncles,  with  minute  stellate  hairs ; 
leaves  oblong-obi anceolate,  base  blunt,  serrulate  but  entire  near 
base,  upper  surface  glabrous,  beneath  minutely  stellate-toinentose  . 
flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  terminal  often  corymbose ;  carpels 
about  10,  when  ripe  about  3  mm.  1.,  with  short  beaks  about 
•5  mm.  1.,  glabrous. 

Weed  in  pastures,  near  Troy,  2200  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  8805. 

Under  shrub.,  3  ft.  high,  much  branched.  Leaves  '5-2*2  cm.  1. ;  petioles 
2-3  mm.  1.  ;  stipules  3-4  mm.  1.,  linear-awl-shaped.  Peduncles  1-2  cm.  1. 
Calyx  united  below  the  middle ;  lobes  elliptical,  prolonged  into  an  awl- 
shaped  tip,  3-3 '5  (incl.  tip)  mm.  1.  Petals  none.  Seeds  scarcely  1'5  mm. 
in  diam. ;  minutely  hairy  near  hilum. 

The  appearance  of  this  specimen  suggests  that  it  may  be  perhaps  a 
depauperate  form  of  S.  rhombifolia  L.  The  only  flowers  present  are  small, 
apetalous,  at  the  ends  of  the  shoots. 

7.  BASTARDIA  H.  B.  £  K. 

Herbs  or  undershrubs,  with  the  habit  of  Sida,  tomentose, 
viscous-glandular,  foetid.  Leaves  cordate,  entire  or  crenate- 
toothed ;  stipules  thread-like,  soon  falling.  Flowers  axillary, 
yellow,  solitary  or  2  or  3  together,  with  a  flowering  branch 
developing  later.  Involucel  wanting.  Calyx  5-cleft.  Ovary 
5(8)-celled ;  ovules  one  in  each  cell,  hanging,  attached  at  the 
inner  angle  above ;  styles  as  many  as  the  carpels.  Capsule 
loculicidally  5(8)-valved ;  valves  bearing  the  partition  in  the 
middle.  Seeds  hanging. 

Species  6,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  trop.  cont.  America. 

Capsule  without  beaks 1.  B.  viscosa. 

Capsule-valves  2-beaked    2.  B.  bivalvis. 

1.  B.  viseosa  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  v.  256  (199)  (1822).- 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ltd.  80;  Hemsl.  Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  107; 
K.  Sclium.  in  FL  Bran.  xii.  pt.  3,  360;  E.  G.  Bak.  in  Journ.  Bot. 
xxxi.  68;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  393  &  mil.  419;  Britt.  &  Millsp. 
Bali,  Fl.  270.  B.  parvifolia  H.  B.  <(•  K.  torn.  cit.  255,  t.  472 
(1822).  Alcea  populi  folio  villoso  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  98  &  Hist.  i. 
222,  *.  139,  /.  4.  Sida  fruticulosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  280. 


Bastardia 


MALVACEAE 


121 


Sida  viscosa  1>.  Syst.  x.  1145  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  402,  380  ;  L'Her. 
Stlrp.  Ill  bis,  t.  53  bis.  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  by  Linnaeus.  (Fig.  47,  A.) 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  65  (in  part) !  Houstoun !  Browne  \  Wright !  Masson  ! 
Rock  Fort,  Me  Nab  \  Kingston,  Priori  Windward  road,  near  Kingston; 
sea-coast,  Liguanea  plain  ;  Campbell  \  Pedro  Bluff,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5977, 
6326,  9721. — Bahamas,  West  Indies,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Under  shrub,  2-3  ft.  high,  much  branched,  young  stems  and  branches 
and  petioles  soft  to  the  touch,  glandular-tomentose  with  scattered  long 
simple  hairs.  Leaves  1-11  cm.  1.,  ovate,  usually  acuminate,  cordate, 
5-7(9)-nerved,  with  minute  teeth,  on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch  and 
minutely  tomentose  or  glabrescent ;  petioles  about  as  long  as  the  leaves 


B 


.  47. — Bastardia. 


A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  of  B. 
cosa  H.  B.  &  K. ,  nat.  size. 


B,  Capsule  of  B.  bivalvis  H.  B.  &  K.,  x  2. 

C,  Two  valves  of  ditto  x  -i. 


or  longer;  stipules  2-3  mm.  1.  Peduncle  long,  1-3  ('5-3 '5)  cm.  1., 
puberulous.  Calyx  3*5-4  mm.  1.,  tomentose;  lobes  acuminate.  Petals 
about  5  mm.  1.,  tawny-yellow.  Capsule  5-8-celled,  very  minutely  tomen- 
tose ;  valves  3  mm.  1.,  not  beaked.  Seeds  1'7  mrn.  1.,  somewhat  heart- 
shaped,  black,  puberulous  with  white  hairs. 

B.  bivalvis  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  d-  Sp.  v.  255  (198)  (in  Obs.) 
(l8'22).—Griseb.  loc.  cit. ;  K.  Schum.  torn.  cit.  363;  E.  G.  Bak. 
loc.  cit.;  Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant.  iv.  393  &  mil.  419.  B.  spinifex  Tr.  & 
PI  and i.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xvii.  186  (1862).  Alcea  populi  folio 
incano  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  $8  &  Hist.  i.  222,  t.  139,  /.  3.  Sida  bivalvis 
Cav.  Diss.  i.  13,  t.  11,  /.  3.  S.  viscosa  Macf.  Jam.  i.  84  (excl.  syn.) 
(non£.).  S'fra,gra,us L'Her. Stirp.  Ill,  <.  53(1789).  (Fig.47,  B,C.) 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  57  (in  part),  64  (in  part)!  Salt  Ponds,   Macfadyen; 
Four  Mile  Wood,  St.  David,    Wilson !  March  !  Kingston,  Prior !  near  Up 


1  22  FLORA    OK   JAMAICA 

Park  Camp,  Cam\  Hope  grounds,  Harris]  Fl.  Jam.  r,u'j.s,  G3C.2, 

S'J14.—  C'ub:i,  Hispaniola.  Porto  Rico,  trop.  S.  America. 

Ih-rb  or  vlirub  to  3-4  ft.  hi.uli  :  young  strms  and  branches,  petioles,  and 
peduncles  glandular-viscous  with  small  stellate  hairs  and  long  simple 
hairs.  7.  •_'-<>  (1-13)  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acuminate,  cordate,  7-mTved, 

crenate,  soft  to  the  touch  on  both  sides,  puberulous  with  minute  simple 
Hale  hairs  on  upper  surface,  thickly  covered  with  short  stellate 
hairs  beneath  ;  petioles  half  as  long  as  blade  or  shorter  ;  stipules  3-4  mm.  1. 

'uncles  very  short,  1-5  mm.  1.  Calyx  7-8  mm.  1.,  tomentose ;  lobes 
acuminate  with  a  thread-like  acumen.  Petals  nearly  1  cm.  1.,  pale  yellow. 
Capsule  5-celled,  puberulous;  valves  3 '5-4  mm.  1.,  2-beaked;  beaks 
l'5-2  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1.,  ellipsoidal-globose,  black,  puberulous 
with  scattered  light-coloured  hairs. 

^  -.      Staminal  column  bearing  anthers  on  the  outside,  the 

'  z?  ' 

apex  truncate  or  5-toothed  or  -crenate.  Style-branches  10. 
Carpels  5,  separating  when  ripe  from  the  axis  or  re- 
ceptacle. Cotyledons  as  in  §  1. 

8.    MALACHRA  L. 

Hispid  herbs  or  shrubs ;  stems  usually  marked  with  a 
tomentose-pubescent  line.  Leaves  palmately  angled  or  lobed, 
with  long  petiole  ;  stipules  thread-like.  Flowers  yellow,  white, 
or  red,  in  dense  axillary  or  terminal  heads,  with  an  involucre  of 
leafy  bracts.  Bracts  usually  3,  but  5  or  6  in  M.  radiata, 
generally  doubled  down  the  middle,  but  flat  in  M.  radiata,  shortly 
stalked  or  sessile,  3— 9-nerved,  nerves  and  veins  prominent 
beneath,  but  veins  in  M.  radiata  indistinct,  each  bract  with 
'2  or  4  stipules ;  bracts  wanting  for  the  inner  flowers,  but 
stipules  present,  irregularly  mixed  with  the  flowers  or  wanting. 
Involucel  of  9-12  bracteoles  round  single  flowers  in  M.  radiata, 
wanting  in  other  species.  Calyx  usually  increasing  after  flower- 
ing, 5-cleft  or  5-parted  ;  lobes  3-nerved.  Ovary  5-celled,  each 
with  1  ovule.  Pericarp  of  ripe  carpels  membranous,  with 
network  of  veins  slightly  prominent,  splitting  open  below  at  the 
inner  angle,  3-sided-obovate.  Seeds  of  somewhat  similar  form  to 
the  carpel,  but  slightly  smaller.  Wild  Ochra. 

Species  9,  natives  of  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  of 
which  1  or  2  are  also  widely  dispersed  in  Asia  and  Africa. 

Heads  axillary. 

Calyx  6-8  mm.  1. 

Outer    bracts    roundish.      Calyx-lobes    ovate- 
lanceolate.     Petals  10  mm.  1 1.  M.  capitata. 

Outer  bracts  broadly   triangular.     Calyx-lobes 

lanceolate,  long-tipped.     Petals  15  mm.  1.     2.  M.  alcecefolia. 
Calyx  4-5  mm.  1. 

Leaves  undivided   3.  M.  urens. 

Leaves  3-5-lobed 4.  M.  fasciata. 

Heads  terminal  .5.  M.  radiata. 


Malachra 


MALVACEAE 


123 


1.  M.  capitata  L.  Syst.  ed.  12,  458  (1767)  ;  whole  plant 
covered  with  very  minute  dense  stellate  hairs,  usually  forming 
tomeiitum  on  young  branches  and  on  under  surface  of  leaves  : 
stem  with  long  white  simple  and  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves  :  lower 
roundish,  palmately  sinuate  or  5-lobed,  upper  3-lobed  or  un- 
divided, all  at  base  obtuse,  rarely  subcordate  ;  stipules 


Fig.  4S.—Malachra  capitata  L. 

A,  Leaf  and  head  of  flowers  X  f.  C,  Flower    with   perianth    removed    cut 

B,  Plan  of  head  of  flowers:   /,  bracts  of  lengthwise,  enlarged. 

involucre  enclosing  6  flowers  ;  if,  sti-        D,  Fruit  with  the  persistent   calyx,   en- 
pules  of  bracts.  larged. 

E,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  x  3. 
(After  A.  Gray.) 

5-15  mm.  1.  ;  heads  1-3  in  upper  axils  ;  peduncle  1-7  cm.  1.  ; 
bracts  roundish  to  broadly  ovate,  apex  acute,  base  cordate, 
entire  or  1-2  teeth,  to  2  cm.  1.,  2*5  cm.  br.  ;  calyx  6-8  mm.  1., 
lobes  ovate-lanceolate;  petals  yellow,  9-10  mm.  1. — Giirl-i'  in 
Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xm.  348  it  in  Urb.  Syml.  Ant.  iv.  394  &  viii. 
420;  Small.  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  772.  M.^palmata  Moench.  Merit.  615 
(1794)  ;  Griseb.  FL  Itr.  W.  In<l.  81.  M.  mexicana  Scltrad.  in 


124  FLORA   OF   JAMAI<  A 

I,«L  Sem.  IL.rt.  Goctt.  (1830);  A.  Gr.  G,-,,.  ii.  71,  t.  129.  Sida 
florum  capitulis  &c.  L.  in  Art.  Ty^.s.  1743,  137,  t.  2  (17l'.'i: 
Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.}  162,  /.  169,  /.  1.  S.  capitata  L.  >>. 
PL  685  (17-")."))  <(•  Aii/a-n.  v.  380.  S.  hirta  assurgens  &c.  Browne 
Him'.  Jam.  2S 1.  (Fig.  48.)  Linmeus's  type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Oct.   to  March;    Writ/lit !    Masson !    Lucca,   Hitc 
Green  Island,  roadside  and  along  edges  of  pond,  dry  rocky  hill,  200  ft., 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,252. — West  Indies,  as  far  south  as  Martinique,  Texas 
to  Panama. 

Perennial  herb,  --6  ft.  high.  Leaves,  lower  G-10  cm.  1.,  shorter  above  ; 
stipules  two,  rarely  four.  Heads  with  3-6  flowers.  Bracts  somewhat 
hispid  with  hairs  on  upper  surface  and  on  nerves  beneath,  on  both  sides 
with  very  minute  hairs,  7-9-nerved.  Carpels  3-3 -5  mm.  1.,  blackish- 
brown,  glabrous.  Seeds  slightly  shorter. 

2.  M.  aleesefolia  Jacq.  Collect,  ii.  350  (1788)  &  Ic.  Rar.  //'/'. 
/.    549  ;   stem,  branches,   petioles,  and  leaves  usually  with  long 
riu'id  yellowish   bulbous   hairs,   simple   or  stellate,  besides  with 
sparse  very  short  stellate  hairs  ;  leaves  :  lower  cordate  at  base, 
upper  subcordate  or  rounded,  all  roundish  or  ovate,  3— 5-angled 
or  -lobed  ;  stipules  10—15  (20)  mm.  1.  ;  heads  3—7  in  upper  axils ; 
peduncle  1-10  cm.  1.  ;  bracts  broadly  triangular,  often  somewhat 
3 -lobed,    apex   acute,    base    deeply    cordate,    margin    sometimes 
toothed    above,    sinuate    below,    to   25   mm.   1.    and   br.  ;    calyx 
6-7  (8)   mm.  1.,   membranous,   whitish  ;    lobes   lanceolate,    long 
tipped  ;  tips  and  nerves  reddish-brown  ;  petals  yellow,  15  mm.  1. 
— Gurke  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  461,  in  Enyl.  Bot.  JaJirl.  ,cn.  350, 
iv.  in  Urb.  St/mb.  Ant.  iv.  394  &  viii.  420.     M.  capitata  Cav.  Diss. 
ii.  97,  t.  33,  f.  1  (1786)  (excl.  vars.)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  59  \  Griseb. 
torn.  cit.  80  (non  L.).     M.   rotundifolia  Sclirank  PL  Har.  Hort. 
Mon.  t.  56  (1819).     Malva  aspera  major  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  96  & 
Hist.  i.  217,  t.  137,  f.  1. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Aug. -March;  in  watery  places  of  savannas  and  by  river- 
sides, Sloane  Herb.  iv.  48 !  Macfadyen  !  Guys  Hill,  St.  Mary,  Purdie  !  Mt. 
Diablo,   Prior !    Ferry,  Liguanea  plain,   Campbell !    also   Harris !    Lucea, 
Hitchcock;   Negril,  Harris !    Fl.  Jam.  6159,  6176,   8277,  9050,  10,215.- 
West  Indies,  Panama  to  Guiana. 

Perennial,  1J-6  ft.  high.  Leaves  12-3  cm.  1.  and  br.,  margin  irregu- 
larly crenate-toothed  with  large  teeth,  on  both  sides  rough,  5(3)-nerved. 
Bracts  on  upper  surface  and  on  nerves  beneath  with  scattered  long  rigid 
hairs,  besides  at  the  base  and  along  the  nerves  with  very  minute  stellate 
hairs,  7-nerved.  Calyx,  tip  and  nerves  on  both  sides  hispid  with  long 
rigid  hairs.  Ripe  carpels  3-3 '5  mm.  L,  puberulous,  rarely  glabrous. 

3.  M.  urens  Poit.  in  Ledeb.  d  Adlerstam  Diss.  22  (1805)  <fc 
Sclirad.  Neu.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  293  (1807)  ;  stem,  leaves,  and  petioles 
with  rather  few  rigid  yellowish  bulbous  hairs,  simple  or  some- 
times   stellate,  below    glabrescent ;    leaves    ovate    to    lanceolate, 
undivided,  occasionally  angled  near  base ;  stipules  5-10  mm.  1.  ; 
heads  solitary  (-2)  in  the  upper  axils,  subsessile  or  short  stalked  : 


Malachra  MALVACE/E  125 

bracts  triangular,  long  acuminate,  base  deeply  cordate,  margin 
bristly-toothed,  to  15  mm.  1.,  7-8  mm.  br.  ;  calyx  4-5  mm.  1., 
longer  after  flowering,  membranous,  whitish ;  lobes  lanceolate, 
long  tipped ;  tips  and  nerves  reddish-brown ;  petals  orange- 
coloured  or  red,  12  mm.  1. — Griseb.  op.  cit.  81  ;  Gtirke  in  Engl. 
Sot.  Jalirb.  xvi.  352  &  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  395  &  viii.  420  ;  Small 
loc.  cit.  M.  ciliata  Poir.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  Suppl.  Hi.  578  (1813). 

Masson !  Swartz  \  Distin  !  Port  Morant,  Hitchcock. — Florida  Keys, 
Cuba  to  Porto  Rico,  Central  America. 

Perennial  herb,  about  H  ft.  bigh.  Leaves  3-6  (2-9)  cm.  1.,  obtuse  or 
somewbat  acute  at  apex,  obtuse  rarely  subcordate  at  base,  with  teeth  large 
ending  in  a  bristle,  on  botb  sides  generally  rough.  Bracts  3-5(7)-nerved. 
Ripe  carpels  about  3  mm.  1.,  puberulous.  Seeds  about  2-5  mm.  1.,  black. 

4.  M.  fasciata  Jacq.  Coll.  il.  352  (1788)  &  Ic.  Ear.  in.  t.  548  ; 
the  whole  plant,  and  especially  the    inflorescences,   hispid  with 
long    very    rigid    yellowish    bulbous    hairs,    simple    or    stellate ; 
leaves  :   lower  5-lobed  (or  -parted),  upper   3-lobed  or  undivided 
and  lanceolate,  all    obtuse  at  base  ;    stipules  to  20-30  mm.  1.  ; 
inflorescence  very  hispid  with  rigid  yellow  hairs ;  heads  axillary, 
peduncle  5-15  mm.  1.  ;  bracts  ovate  or  broadly  triangular,  apex 
long  acuminate,  base  subcordate,  sometimes  toothed,  often  ciliate, 
or  above  entire,  below  with  1  or  2  very  large  teeth  on  each  side, 
to  25  mm.  1.,  20  mm.  br.  ;  calyx  4-5  mm.  1.,  lobes  lanceolate, 
long  tipped,  whitish  with  nerves  and  tip  brown  ;  petals  white, 
reddish  outside  before  flowering,  10  mm.  1. — Giirhe  in  Fl.  Bras, 
•xii.  pt.  3,  463,  t.  SI,  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jalirb.  xvi.  353  &,  in  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  395.     M.  humilis  Benih.  PI.  Hartw.  113  (1843)  &  Bot.  of 
Sulph.  70.     M.  radiata  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (non  L,). 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Nov. -Jan. ;   Wright  I  Masson  !  Distin  !  Orange  Bay  morass, 
Hanover ;  cane-fields,  Vere  Common  ;  Purdic, !   Wilson  \  Prior !  March  !— 
West  Indies  (but  not  reported  from  Hispaniola),  trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrubby  perennial  herb,  2-9  ft.  higb.  Leaves:  lower  10-15  cm.  1., 
upper  gradually  smaller,  margin  serrate  irregularly  with  large  teeth,  on 
both  sides  bispid  with  simple  rigid  adpressed  bulbous  hairs,  5-3-nerved. 
Bracts  3-5-nerved.  Ripe  carpels  3-3' 5  mm.  1.,  reticulate.  Seeds  brown, 
2-5  mm.  1. 

"  Admirably  adapted  for  use  as  a  fibre  plant"  (Wilson  ex  Griseb.  loc. 
cit.).  Host-plant  for  "  cotton-stainer  "  (Dysdercus  saturcllus)  in  Montserrat. 

5.  M.  radiata  L.  Syst.  ed.  12,  459  (1767);    the  whole  plant 
hispid    with    very  rigid    long    yellowish   bulbous  stellate  hairs ; 
leaves  palniately  5-3-parted,  base  cordate,  segments  narrowed  at 
the    base,    oblong,    often    3-lobed    or    cut    into    strips  ;    stipules 
10  mm.   1.  ;    heads    terminal  ;    bracts    roundish-ovate    obtuse    or 
acuminate,   tip    sometimes  oblong,  base  obtuse,  serrate-toothed, 
not  folded  together;    involucel  of    9-12    thread-like    segments; 
calyx  herbaceous,  8-10  mm.  L,  longer  after  flowering;  lanceolate- 
ovate,  acute;  petals  pink,  11-13  mm.  1. — Cat-.  Diss.  ii.  98,  t.  33, 
/.  3  ;  Mast,  in  Fl.  Trop.  Afr.  i.  188  ;  Gurke  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt,  3. 


120  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  M.ilnclt, 

467,  /.  83,  /.  1,  ///  EmjL  lint.  Jnlirh.  xvi.  358  &  in  Urh.  S//  /,///.  Ant. 
riii.  121.  .M  .  t-apituta  IIV/V//  M<',,i.  i_'SS  (non  L.).  Sida  radiata 
/.  .  %  P/.  '•'/.  2.  965  (1763).  S.  foliis  palmatis  etc.  P/"//,.  7V. 
-.  (]  in  r  in.)  t.  19. 


!  —  Cuba,  llispauiola,  Central  and  trop.  S.  America,  trop.  Africa. 

Perennial  shrubby  herb,  3-8  ft.  high.  Leaves:  lower  12  cm.  1.,  upper 
gradually  smaller,  margin  serrate  with  large  teeth,  on  both  sides  with 
rigid  stellate  adpressed  hairs  or  on  upper  surface  glabrescent,  5-3-nerved. 

ids  ou  both  sides  with  rigid  adpressed  hairs,  stellate  beneath  but 
usually  simple  ou  upper  surface,  5-7-nerved.  Ripe  carpels  4  mm.  1., 
reticulate,  glabrous,  minutely  warted.  Seeds  3  mm.  1.,  brown. 

A  kind  of  flax  is  obtained  from  the  bark.     (Wright.) 

9.  URENA  L. 

Herbs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  usually  angled  or  lobed, 
with  1-3  long  narrow  split  glands  at  base  of  median  nerves 
beneath  ;  stipules  awl-shaped.  Flowers  solitary  or  in  small 
clusters,  axillary.  Bracteoles  united  into  a  5-cleft  involucel, 
adhering  to  the  calyx-tube.  Calyx  5-cleft.  Petals  obliquely 
obcordate  or  obovate.  usually  pink.  Starainal  tube  about  as  long 
as  the  petals,  wider  at  the  base,  columnar,  bearing  anthers  belmv 
the  truncate  apex.  Kach  cell  of  the  ovary  with  one  ascending 
ovule.  Ripe  carpels  5,  not  splitting  open,  armed  with  barbed 
spines  in  New  World  species.  Seeds  ascending.  Bur  Mallow, 
Indian  Mallow. 

Species  6,  of  which  2  are  natives  of  the  tropics  generally,  the 
rest  natives  of  tropical  Asia  and  Australia. 

Leaves  more  or  less  angled,  or  often  lobed   with    narrow 

bays,  rarely  cleft  as  far  as  middle  ..............................  1.   U.  lobata. 

Leaves  lobed  with  roundish  bays,  cleft  to  and  beyond  the 

middle  ..................................................................  2.   U.  simiata. 

1.  U.  lobata  L.  Sp.  PL  692  (1753);  Cav.  Diss.  vi.  336, 
t.  185,  f.  1  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  iv.  176,  t.  271  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3043  ; 
St.  Hii  PL  Us.  L5Q-  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  81  (with  vars.)  ; 
Giirke  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  469,  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jalirb.  xvi.  370 
(with  vars.  Stoartzii,  americana,  and  viminea)  &  in  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant. 
iv.  395  &  viii.  421  ;  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Pr.  Ind.  •  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S. 
773.  U.  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  281.  U.  americana  Linn. 
f.  Suppl  308  (1781).  U.  viminea  Cav.  Diss.  vi.  335,  t.  184,  /.  1 
'(1788).  U.  sinuata  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  263  (1791)  (non  L.).  U.  reti- 
culata  Macf.  Jam.  i.  59  (1837)  (non  Cav.).  Malva  vel  alcea 
fruticosa  ribesii  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  96  <0  Hist.  i.  37,  t.  11,  /.  2 
(specimen  from  Barbados).  (Fig.  49.)  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn. 
named  by  Linnseus. 

Broughton  !  Distin  !  McNab  !  hills  near  Kingston  ;  Moneague  ;  Prior  1 
March  !    Blu3  Mt.  Peak  ;    Lucea  ;    Porus  ;    Hitchcock  ;    J.P.  1060  Morris  ! 


Urena 


MALVACEAE 


127 


near  Castleton,  700  ft. ;  Prospect  Hill,  2000  ft.  ;  Brandon  Hill,  1200  ft. ; 
Thompson  \  near  Ewarton,  950  ft. ;  near  Troy,  2200  ft. ;  Harris  \  Knowley 
Park,  Devon,  2550  ft.  ;  Miss  H.  A.  Wood  \  Fl.  Jam.  6618,  6756,  8034,  8077, 
8798. — Florida,  West  Indies,  warmer  regions  of  the  world. 

Stem  1-4  (6)  ft.  high,  somewhat  shrubby,  usually  tomentose  with 
stellate  hairs.  Leaves  3-8  (-12)  cm.  1.,  varying  much  in  form — roundish  or 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  more  or  less  angled,  sinuate,  or  often  lobed  (with 
narrow  bays,  rarely  cleft  as  far  as  the  middle),  margin  unequally  serrate, 
3-9-nerved,  on  both  sides  hairy  or  more  or  less  tomentose,  with  1  or  3 


0 


B 


Fig.  49. —  Urena  lobata  L. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch,  showing        B,  Involucel  and  calyx  x  2A-. 

under  side  of  leaf,  flower,  and  young        C,  A  single  ripe  carpel  cut  open,  showing 
fruit  X  fl.  the  seed  x  3J. 

glands  beneath.  Involucel  5-7  mm.  1.  in  fl.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  L,  usually 
shorter  than  the  involucel.  Petals  2  or  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
Staminal  tube  15-18  mm.  1.  Ripe  carpels  about  6  mm.  1.  Seeds  about 
3 -5  mm.  1. 

The  bark  of  this  and  the  following  species  yields  a  good,  easily  extract- 
able  fibre,  which  is  considered  suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  sacking  and 
twine,  and  a  fair  substitute  for  flax.  (Watt.) 

2.  U.  sinuata  L.  Sp.  PI  692  (1753)  &  Amoen.  v.  380;  Cav. 
Diss.  vi.  336,  t.  185,  /.  2  ;  Griseb.  lor.,  tit. ;  Giirke  in  FL  Br<is. 
xii.  pt.  3,  472,  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xvi.  377  cfe  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ani . 
iv.  396.  U.  americana  var.  Wright  Mem.  287  (1787)  (non 
Linn.  /.).  U.  aculeata  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8.  U.  Swartzii  Macf. 
Jam.  i.  60  (1837)  (excl.  syn.)  (non  DC.}.  Alcea  indica  &c. 
Pluh  Pliyt.  t.  5,  /.  3  (specimen  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcv.  22).  Type 
specimen  in  Herb.  Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Specimen 


128  FLORA  OF  JAMAICA  Urena 

in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linmeus.     Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus. 
Brit. 

Wright  !    Distinl    Moneague,  Prior!    March;    Bog  Walk,  Hitchcock; 
Trinityville,  2000  ft. ;  Ewarton,  950  ft.  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6034,  6616.- 
"SYest  Indies,  Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Is.  of  east  Africa,  south  and 
east  Asia. 

Plant  much  like  U.  lobata  but  smaller  in  all  parts,  and  leaves  all 
deeply  lobed.  Stem  1-3  ft.  high,  rather  pubescent  than  tornentose  above. 
Leaves  2-6  cm.  1.,  all  3-5-parted  to  or  beyond  the  middle,  lobes  narrowed 
at  the  base,  bays  roundish,  1-5-nerved,  usually  with  3  split  glands  beneath. 
Involucel  4-6  mm.  1.,  in  fl.  Calyx  4-5  mm.  1.  Petals  3  or  4  times  as  long 
as  calyx.  Staminal  column  12-17  mrn.  1. 

10.    PAVONIA  Cav. 

Undershrubs  or  shrubs  (rarely  herbs),  glabrous  or  variously 
hairy,  sometimes  with  a  line  of  dense  minute  hairs  from  node  to 
node.  Leaves  usually  with  pellucid  dots,  entire,  serrate,  angled, 
or  lobed.  Stipules  usually  linear-awl-shaped.  Flowers  solitary 
in  upper  axils,  or  forming,  with  non-development  of  leaves, 
racemes,  corymbs,  or  panicles  at  the  ends  of  branches.  Bracteoles 
of  involucel  4  to  many,  usually  herbaceous,  free  or  more  or  less 
united  with  each  other  and  with  the  base  of  the  calyx.  Calyx 
5-cleft  or  5-parted.  Petals  yellow,  white,  or  rose.  Staminal 
tube  with  filaments  springing  in  the  upper  two-thirds  or  half. 
Ovary-cells  with  1  ovule.  Style  with  8-10  short  branches  at 
apex ;  stigmas  thick.  Ripe  carpels  with,  or  without,  3-1  spines 
at  apex,  more  or  less  2-valved,  occasionally  not  opening. 

Species  about  100,  most  natives  of  South  America,  the  West 
Indies,  Central  America,  and  the  warmer  regions  of  North 
America,  a  few  in  Africa,  tropical  Asia,  and  the  Polynesian  Is., 
one  also  of  the  S.  American  species  occurring  in  Australia. 

Carpels  armed  with  3  spines. 

Flowers  solitary  in  axils.     Petals  2-3  cm.  1. ...  1.  P.  spinifex. 
Flowers   in  terminal    dense    heads.      Bracts 

ovate-lanceolate 2.  P.  fruticosa. 

Flowers  in  terminal  lax  heads   or   corymbs 

(5-20  flowers).     Bracts  linear-lanceolate  .  3.  P.  rosea. 
Flowers   solitary   in   axils   and   in  few  (3-4)- 

flowered  corymbs.     Petals  1-1  '5  cm.  1.  ...  4.  P.  pscudo-typhalcea. 
Carpels  without  spines. 

Branchlets  with  glandular  hairs  5.  P.  paniculata. 

Glandular  hairs  absent 6.  P.  spicata. 

1.  P.  spinifex  Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  133,  t.  45,  /.  2  (1787) ;  leaves 
ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  base  rounded  to 
cordate  ;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  sometimes 
2  or  3  close  together  at  the  apex  ;  petals  2-3  (4)  cm.  1.  ;  carpels 
with  3  spines  at  apex,  diverging  and  bearing  stiff  hairs  pointing 
backwards  ;  3  ribs  running  from  the  spines  to  the  base,  back 
transversely  wrinkled.- -Wriglit  Mem.  287;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  339; 


Pavonia 


MALVACE/E 


129 


Macf.  Jam,  L  61  ;  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Lid.  82 ;  Gurke  in  FL 
Bras,  xii  pt.  3,  480,  t.  85;  Small  Fl  S.E.  U.S.  773  ;  Urb.  Synib. 
Ant.  iv.  396  ;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  237  ;  Britt,  &  Millsp.  Bali.  Fl.  270. 
P.  aristata  Cav.  loc.  cit.  t.  45,  /.  3  (1787).  P.  communis  St.  Hil 
Fl.  Bras.  Merid.  i.  224  (1825).  Hibiscus  foliis  cordatis  &c.  Plum. 
PL  Amer.  (Burin.)  t.  1  &  Ic.  ined.  Hi.  174.  H.  spinifex  L.  Syst. 
ed.  10,  1149  (1759)  ;  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  196  &  Hort.  Vindob. 
t.  103.  (Fig.  50.)  Specimen  without  flowers  and  fruit  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

Spur   Bur. 

Wright !    sparingly   in    limestone   districts ;    Halberstadt ;    road   from 
Springvale  to  St.  Johns  ;  Macfadyen  !  Distin ;  Great  Valley,  Manchester, 


Fig.  50. — Pavonia  spinifex  Cav. 
A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  X  §. 


B,  Fruit  with  one  side  cut  away  to 
show  the  seed  x  24. 


Purdie !  Moneague,  Prior !  March !  Porus,  Hitchcock ;  near  Alligator 
Pond,  50  ft.  ;  Spring,  Trelawney,  500  ft. ;  near  Balaclava ;  Lititz,  Man- 
chester, 800  ft.  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  7270,  8170,  12,445.— Bermuda  (intro- 
duced), Southern  U.  States,  Bahamas,  W.  Indies,  tropical  continental 
America. 

Undershrub,  2-15  ft.  high,  simple  or  with  a  few  trailing  branches 
(2-3  ft.  1.),  glabrous  or  with  small  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  12-4  (or  less) 
cm.  1.,  serrate  or  crenate  with  large  irregular  teeth,  both  sides  with  a  few 
stellate  hairs  or  glabrous,  3-5-nerved ;  petioles  1-3  cm.  1.  above,  longer  (to 
6  cm.)  below;  stipules  7-10  mm.  1.  Peduncles  1-5(7)  cm.  1.  Involucel 
with  5-8  oblong-linear  bracteoles  about  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Calyx 
5-parted  to  two-thirds  down,  cup-shaped  at  base,  9-12  mm.  1.  Petal* 
yellow.  Staminal  tube  usually  longer  than  the  petals.  Eipe  carpels 
4-5  (6)  mrn.  L,  not  opening;  spines  5-10  mm.  1. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  fibre  plants,  yielding  a  fairly  strong  flax 
or  hemp  ;  they  are  also  emollient.  (Wright.) 

V  K 


130  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Pavoni" 

_.  P.  fruticosa  comb.  iwv.  ;  leaves  oblong-elliptical  to  lanceo- 
late or  elliptical,  rarely  obovate-  or  oblanceolate-elliptical,  apex 

;ewhnt  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped  or  obtuse  to  rounded  ; 
ll»i\vers  crowded  into  a  head  at  apex  of  stem  and  floral  branches, 
rarely  solitary  ;  bracts  at  base  of  heads  mostly  ovate-lanceolate, 
6-*  mm.  1.,  2—2*5  mm.  br.  ;  bracteoles  of  involucel  ovate; 
•.-.-irpels  vrith  3  spines  close  together  at  apex,  with  stiff  hairs 
pointing  backwards,  back  smooth,  with  a  very  slender  median 
rib.— P.  typhahea  Car.  Diss.  Hi.  134  (1787)  &  vi.  350,  t.  197  ; 
Giirke  torn.  cit.  483,  t.  87,  f.  1  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  397  &  viii. 
4-2-2.  P.  typhaleoides  E.  B.  <0  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  v.  279  (1822) ; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  82.  Urena  fruticulosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
281.  U.  Typhalsea  L.  Mant.  258  (1771);  Sw.  Obs.  264.  Sida 
fruticosa  Mill  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus. 
Brit. 

Bronghtonl  Shakspearl  St.  Mary,  McNab  !  Moneague,  Priori — Cuba, 
Hispaniola,  Porto  Bico,  St.  Vincent,  Tobago,  Trinidad,  Central  and  S. 
America. 

Undershrub,  3-6  ft.  high,  simple  or  occasionally  with  a  few  branches ; 
stem  and  branches  with  stellate  hairs  above.  Leaves  20-5  cm.  L,  serrate 
or  crenate  with  large  irregular  teeth,  1-3-nerved,  on  both  sides  with  minute 
stellate  hairs ;  petioles  5-1  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  5-10  mm.  1.  Flowers,  heads 
5-15(20)-nowered.  Involucel  with  5(-8)  bracteoles  united  for  one-fourth  of 
their  length,  8-10  mm.  L,  2-4  mm.  br.  Calyx  5-cleft  to  halfway  down, 
cup-shaped  at  base,  5-7  mm.  1.  Petals  12-13  mm.  L,  white.  Staminal 
tube  shorter  than  the  petals.  Carpels  5-6  mm.  1.,  3-sided,  opening  from 
base  ;  the  median  spine  5-7  mm.  L,  lateral  3-4  mm.  1.  Seed  brown,  about 
4-5  mm.  1. 

3.  P.  rosea  Scldeclit.  in  Linnsea  xi.  355  (1837)  ;  leaves 
oblanceolate  to  obovate-  or  oblong-elliptical  or  elliptical,  apex 
usually  acute  or  somewhat  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped  or 
obtuse ;  peduncles  3-10  cm.  1. ;  pedicels  5-10  mm.  1. ;  flowers 
crowded  into  a  corymb  or  loose  head  at  apex  of  stem  and  floral 
branches,  rarely  solitary — corymbs  or  heads  with  5—20  flowers  ; 
bracts  1-3,  at  base  of  pedicels  linear-lanceolate  or  linear,  5-7 
mm.  1.,  '5-1  mm.  br. ;  bracteoles  of  involucel  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate  ;  carpels  with  3  spines,  one  at  apex,  one  at  each  side 
springing  from  the  margin  distant  from  the  median  spine  1  mm. 
below,  hairs  on  spines  pointing  downwards,  back  smooth  with  a 
very  slender  median  rib. — GurJce  torn.  cit.  484,  /.  87,  /.  2. 
P.  typhalasa  Macf.  Jam.  i.  61  (1837) ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (non  Cav.}. 

Wright !  Bancroft !  common,  Macfadyen ;  moist  woods  St.  Thomas  in 
the  Yale,  and  everywhere,  Pur  die  \  Wilson  !  Bio  Cobre,  Prior !  March  ! 
Content  road,  Campbell !  Lennox  hill,  300  ft.  ;  Pittsfield ;  Keith  Hall, 
2400  ft. ;  Thompson  !  Bethlehem,  St.  Elizabeth,  T.  J.  Harris  !  Castleton, 
490  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6471,  6740,  7977,  8236,  11,875.— Tropical 
continental  America. 

Undershrub,  2-6  ft.  high,  simple  or  scarcely  branching  except  in  the 
inflorescence  ;  young  stem  and  petioles  covered  with  stellate  hairs.  Leaves 


Pavonia  MALVACEAE  131 

20-4  cm.  1.,  serrate  or  crenate  with  large  irregular  teeth,  1-3-nerved,  on 
both  sides  rough  with  minute  stellate  hairs  or  glabrescent ;  floral  leaves 
much  smaller,  linear-oblong ;  petioles  4-1  cm.  1. ;  stipules  7-10  mm.  1. 
Involuccl  of  6-8(-10)  bracteoles,  united  for  about  one-fourth  of  their  length 
and  with  the  calyx,  5-10  mm.  1.,  '5-1' 5  (2)  mm.  br.  Calyx  4-5  mm.  1., 
5-cleft  halfway  down,  cup-shaped  at  base.  Petals  10-13  mm.  1.,  of  a  pale 
rose  colour  or  white.  Staminal  tube  shorter  than  the  petals.  Carpels 
about  6  mm.  1. ;  median  spine  to  9  mm.  1.,  the  others  shorter. 

4.  P.  pseudo-typhalsea  Plancli.  &  LincL  ex  Tr.  d-  Planch,  in 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xvii.   160  (1862);  leaves  oblong-elliptical  or 
lanceolate,   apex   acute  or   slightly   acuminate,  narrowed  to  the 
base   or  rounded ;    pedicels  1—3  CDQ.   1.  ;    bracts  awl-shaped  6-8 
mm.   1.  ;  flowers  solitary,   axillary  or  crowded  into  a  corymb- 
corymbs    with    3-4    flowers ;    bracteoles    of    involucel    linear ; 
carpels  not  seen. — Giirke  torn.  cit.  486  ;  H.  E.  Fries  in  SvensJi. 
Vetensk.  Hancll.  xlii.  42. 

Swartz  (fide  R.  E.  Fries). — Colombia. 

Under  shrub ;  young  stem  and  petioles  covered  with  stellate  hairs. 
Leaves  6-16  cm.'  L,  serrate  with  large  teeth,  1-3-nerved,  on  upper  surface 
more  or  less  glabrate,  beneath  rough  with  stellate  hairs;  petioles  '5-3 
cm.  1. ;  stipules  awl-shaped,  linear,  8-10  mm.  1.  Involucel  of  10  bracteoles, 
7-9  mm.  L,  united  for  about  one-third  of  their  length.  Calyx  5-6  mm.  1. 
Petals  12-15  mm.  1.  Staminal  tube  shorter  than  petals. 

5.  P.  panieulata  Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  135,  t.  46, /.  2  (1787)  ;  leaves 
ovate,    angled   or    subtrilobed,    apex   and   lobes    acute    or    long 
acuminate,    base  cordate  ;    flowers  solitary   in  the    axils    of   the 
upper  leaves,  or  usually  the  uppermost  leaves  not  developed  and 
the  flowers  crowded  into  a  compound  corymb  or  a  panicle  ;  carpels 
without  spines  or  with  one  very  short  weak  spine  at  apex,  back 
with  a  few  transverse  markings,  edges  sharp  and  rough. — Gurke 
torn.  cit.   504,  /.   96,  /.   1  ;    Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  398  &  viii.  423. 
P.  corymbosa  Willd.  loc.  cit.  (1801);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  62;  Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  83.     P.  scabra  Presl  Eeliq.  Hsenk.  ii.  129  (1836). 
Althaea  corymbosa  Sw.  Prodr.  101   (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  1213. 
Specimen  from  Peru  from  Cavanilles  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. ;  also 
a  specimen  from  St.  Vincent  named  by  Swartz. 

Recorded  for  Jamaica  by  Swartz  (Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  1213),  but  no  specimen 
seen  by  us  from  that  island. —  Hispauiola,  Porto  Rico,  Guadeloupe, 
tropical  continental  America. 

Undershrub,  1-4  ft.  high ;  stem  and  branches  with  glandular  and 
stellate  hairs,  sometimes  also  with  long  simple  spreading  hairs.  Leaves 
12-3  cm.  1.,  crenate  or  serrate,  7-(9)-nerved,  on  upper  surface  pubescent 
with  stellate  hairs  on  nerves  and  veins  or  glabrescent,  beneath  pubescent ; 
petioles  5-2(-10)  cm.  1. ;  stipules  lanceolate,  10-5  mm.  1.  or  less.  Involucel 
with  7-12  linear  free  bracteoles,  twice  as  long  as  calyx,  9-13  mm.  1.,  hispid 
with  long  simple  hairs.  Calyx  5-cleft  to  halfway,  cup-shaped  at  base, 
5-8  mm.  L,  hispid  with  long  simple  hairs.  Petals  twice  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  yellow.  Staminal  tube  5-6  mm.  L,  bearing  long  filaments  from  base 
to  apex.  Ripe  carpels  3-4  mm.  L,  blackish-brown,  3-cornered.  Seeds 
about  2-5  mm.  1.,  kidney-shaped,  striate  on  the  back. 


I.".!'  KI.OliA    <>F    .JAM  All    \ 


<>.  P.  spicata  Cm-.  /)/**.  ///.  13G,  /.  4G,  /.  1  (1787);  lea. 
broadly  ovate  or  s<  metimes  roundish.  .-icumiiiate  with  si  narrow 
tip.  liase  cordate;  flowers  in  a  terminal  raceme,  sometimes  some- 
what crowded  and  Bubcorymboae  at  apex;  carpels  with  cdp-s  of 
back  sharp,  with  3  project  i<  >ns  at  apex,  back  sometimes  crested 
in  middle  at  apex,  the  median  projection  forming  part  of  the 
crest.  —  Urb.  St/inb.  Ant.  iv.  397  iV  i:iii.  4  '_'.'>.  P.  racemosa  >'"-.  Fl. 
I  ,i<l.  Ocr.  1215  (1800);  Mae/.  Jam.  1.  62  ;  Gritseb.  FL  Br.  W.  I//J. 
83  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  773.  Alcea  fruticosa  aquatica  etc. 
Sh.nnu  Cat.  97  &•  Hint.  i.  221,  /.  139,  /.  2.  Althwa  uliginosa 
frutescens  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  284.  Althrea  racemosa  ». 
Prodr.  102  (1788).  Malache  scabra  B.  Cli.  Vonel  in  Trcw  PL 
Sel  50,  t.  90  (1772);  Britt.  in  Bull.  Ton:  Bot.  '  CL  .exact:  344  ; 
Britt.  ((•  Milhp.  Bait.  FL  271. 

^mailer  Ma  h  oe. 

Houstounl  Banks  of  Salt  River  and  Fresh  River,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  G3  ! 
Wright  !  Rock  Fort,  Broughton  !  Shakspear  !  Bancroft  !  salt  marshes  ; 
Rock  Fort  near  Kingston  ;  Macfadyen  !  also  McNab  !  St.  Mary  ;  between 
Bufi  Bay  and  Annotto  Bay  ;  St.  Catherine  ;  McNab  !  Distin  !  sea-coast, 
Westmoreland  ;  interior  of  St.  Ann  ;  Purdie  !  sea-side,  St.  Thomas  in  the 
East  and  Portland,  Wilson  !  Ocho  Rios,  Priori  Marchl  sea-side  near 
Jackson  Town,  Miss  A.  Moulton  Barrett  \  Port  Antonio,  Hitchcock;  sea- 
coast  near  Falmouth  ;  Ferry  River,  Liguanea  plain  ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam. 
7225,  8629.  —  Florida,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Shrub,  3-16  ft.  high;  young  branches,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  pedicels 
tomentose  with  small  stellate  hairs,  older  parts  glabrescent.  Let. 
6-13(-lS)  cm.  1.,  entire  or  sinuate,  often  with  a  few  minute  teeth,  5-7- 
nerved,  on  both  sides  especially  near  the  base  with  small  stellate  hairs  or 
glabrate  ;  petioles  2-9  crn.  1.  ;  stipules  linear-lanceolate,  6-13  mm.  1. 
Bracts  similar  to  stipules,  to  16  mm.  1.  Involucel  with  small  stellate 
hairs,  dense  at  base,  with  8  (6-10)  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate  bracteoles, 
9-11  mm.  1.,  2-3  '5  mm.  br.  at  base.  Calyx  covered  with  small  stellate 
hairs,  5-cleft  to  halfway,  cup-shaped  at  base,  12-13  mm.  1.  Petals  16-22 
mm.  1.,  greenish-yellow.  Staminal  tube  15  mm.  1.,  with  filaments  on  the 
upper  half  or  uppermost  quarter  ;  filaments  about  4  mm.  1.  Ripe  carpels 
9-11  mm.  1.,  light  brown,  3-cornered,  opening  along  the  inner  median  line, 
back  with  one  rib  and  a  very  few  transverse  and  longitudinal  raised  lines. 
Seeds  about  5  mm.  1.,  kidney-shaped,  striate  on  the  back. 

Var.  troyana  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  530  (1908)  &,  vi.  92  (as  var. 
of  P.  racemosa  Sw.)  ;  involucel-leaves  to  5  mm.  br.  at  base  ;  edges 
of  the  carpels  more  or  less  expanded  into  wings  ;  shrub  10—15  ft. 
high,  or  tree  20  ft.  Pavonia  troyana  Urb.  in  Fedde  Rep.  $j;. 
Nov.  xiii.  459  (1914).  Malache  troyana  Britt.  torn.  cit.  345  (1908). 

Near  Troy,  1400  ft.  ;  Peckham  woods,  Upper  Clarendon,  2500-2800  ft.  ; 
Ipswich,  St.  Elizabeth,  900  ft.;  Harrisl  Fl.  Jam.  9457,  10,868,  10,964, 
12,364,  12,775.  The  specimens  from  Peckham  have  carpels  not  winged. 

11.  MALVAVISCUS  Dill,  ex  Aclans. 

Shrubs  or  undershrubs  ;  twigs  variously  hairy  or  glabrous, 
but  with  1  or  2  dense  lines  of  hairs  from  one  node  to  another. 


M'llvaviscus 


MALVACE/E 


133 


Leaves  entire  or  toothed,  sometimes  angular-lobed,  variously 
hairy  or  glabrous,  usually  with  pellucid  clots ;  stipules  linear  or 
awl-shaped.  Flowers  in  axils  of  upper  leaves,  solitary  or,  if 
uppermost  leaves  undeveloped,  becoming  corymbose  or  racemose. 
Bracteoles  of  involucel  5  or  more,  generally  linear.  Calyx 
somewhat  campanulate,  5-cleft  with  sometimes  2  or  3  lobes 
united.  Petals  5,  somewhat  obovate,  unequal-sided,  red,  con- 
volute into  a  tube.  Staminal  tube  longer  than  the  petals, 
spirally  10-striate.  Ovary  5-celled,  cells  with  one  ovule;  style 
10-cleft,  stigmas  capitate.  Fruit  fleshy  outside,  berry-like; 
carpels  separating  later,  not  opening.  Seeds  ascending. 

Species    12    or    more,    natives   of    tropical    and    subtropical 
America,  including  the  "West  Indies. 

M.  Sagrseanus  Riclt.  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  46,  t.  14  (1845); 
Brltt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  Fl  271.  M.  arboreus  Desc.  Fl.  Ant.  vi.  11, 
t.  383  (1828) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  63  ; 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  83  (incl. 
vars.)  (non  Cav.}.  M.  arboreus 
var.  Sloanei  E.  G.  Bah.  in  Journ. 
Bot.  xxxvii.  345  (1899).  M.  pilo- 
sus  Macf.  Jam.  i.  64  (excl.  syn. 
Sw.).  Althsea  jamaicensis  arborea 
etc.  Pluk.  Aim.  24,  Phijt.  t.  259, 
f.  3.  Malva  arborea  folio  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  96  &  Hist,  i.  216,  t. 
136,  /.  1.  Hibiscus  frutescens 
ttc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  284.  H. 
malvaviscua  L.  Amcen.  v.  380 
(1760)  &  Herb,  (as  regards  speci- 
men from  Browne)  (non  Sp.  PL). 
Achania  Malvaviscus  Sw.  Prodr. 
102  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  1222 
(excl.  syn.  Linn.  &  Cav.)  ;  Wright 
'Mem.  289.  (Fig.  51.)  Specimen  A  \7  B 

from    Browne    named    H.    Mal- 
Solaiider's      hand. 


raviscus      in 
Plukenet's 
Mus.  Brit. 


specimen     in    Herb. 


Fig.  51. — Malvaviscus  Sagrceanus  Rich. 

A,  Flower  slightly  enlarged. 

B,  Petal  slightly  enlarged. 

C,  Fruit  about  nat.  size. 

D,  Seed  in  ripe  carpel  X  2!. 
(A,  B,  C  after  Richard.) 


Sugar    Bark,    Morass    Bark, 
Mahoe   Rose. 

Houstounl  Browne  \  Wrightl  Brougli- 

ton  \  Bancroft  \  Macfadyen  I  banks  of  Wag  Water,  McNab  !  Distin  I  Great 
Valley,  Manchester,  Purdiel  Lanel  Wilson  I  hills,  St.  Andrew;  Mt. 
Diablo;  Priori  March  I  Catherine's  Peak,  3500  ft.,  Eggersl  thickets,  Blue 
Mts.,  J.P.  1032,  Moms!  Hart  I  Ward's  Rock,  700  ft.,  Thompson]  Stony 
Hill,  1100  ft. ;  Red  Hills,  1000  ft. ;  Walderston,  2600  ft. ;  Harris  I  Port 
Antonio ;  Blue  Mt.  Peak ;  Hitchcock,  Fl.  Jam.  8022,  11,143,  11,835,  12,863. 
—Cuba,  Bahamas. 


l."4  ri.MKA    UK    .JAMAICA  MalvaVl8CUt 


,  G-15  ft.  lii.uh,  MTV  variable  in  indumentum,  in  form  of  leaves, 
and  in  M/.e  of  the  parts  of  the  flower.  Leaves  3-13  cm.  1.,  roundish-  or 
elliptical-  be,  i  '  to  lanceolate-ovate,  ha-e  cordate,  emargina' 
rounded,  more  or  less  acuminate,  uiiri|ually  ci-c'iiate  or  serrate,  on  both 
side-  uimentoso  or  with  minute  scattered  stellate  hairs,  or  glabrate,  on 
upper  surface  sometimes  slightly  rough,  beneath  sometimes  bearded  in 
nerve-axils,  and  usually  indumentum  denser;  petioles  tomentose  or  villose. 
J'xlunclcx  usually  villose.  Bracteoles  of  involucel  7-12,  erect  or  somewhat 
spreading,  a.  little  longer  or  shorter  or  of  the  same  length  as  the  calyx, 
villose,  ciliate,  or  tomentose.  Calyx  9-13  mm.  1.  Corolla  crimson, 
i'-3  cm.  1.  Staminal  tube  protruding  half  to  the  whole  length  of  corolla. 
Fruit  8  mm.  1.  or  more  in  diarn.  Seed  about  5  mm.  1.,  puberulous. 

The  bark  of  the  young  shrubs  makes  a  fine,  white,  and  very   strong 
hemp.     (Wright.) 

^  .">.  Staminal  column  bearing  anthers  on  the  outside,  the 
apex  truncate  or  5-toothed  or  very  rarely  bearing  anthers. 
Style-branches  5.  Capsule  splitting  open  loculicidally, 
the  carpels  not  separating.  Cotyledons  foliaceous,  folded 
in  two,  or  variously  contorted  in  the  folding,  sometimes 
rather  thick  and  very  much  contorted. 

12.  HIBISCUS  L. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  various,  often  deeply  lobetl. 
Flowers  of  various  colours,  generally  handsome.  Bracteoles  of 
involucel  indefinite  in  number,  rarely  3—5,  usually  narrow,  free 
or  united,  sometimes  more  or  less  attached  to  calyx.  Calyx 
5-cleft  or  5-toothed,  in  some  species  splitting  during  flowering, 
spathe-like.  Ovary  5-celled,  each  cell  with  '2  or  more  ovules. 
Style-branches  spreading,  enlarged  at  the  apex  into  capitate  or 
spathulate  stigmas.  Capsule  loculicidally  5-valved.  Seeds  2  or 
more,  kidney  -shaped. 

Species  about  200,  mostly  tropical,  a  few  outside  the  tropics. 

Calyx  5-cleft  or  -toothed. 

Bracteoles  free  or  only  slightly  united  at  base. 
Calyx  with  thickened  margins  (10-nerved,  nerves 
to  sinus  forming  margin  to  the  two  neigh- 
bouring lobes). 
Calyx  dry. 

Leaves   3-lobed.      Calyx  in   fruit   leathery, 

acute  ...................  ............  .  ..............  1.  -H.  bifurcatus. 

[Leaves  3-5-parted.      Calyx  in   fruit  mem- 

branous, long  acuminate  .....................        H.  cannabinus.~\ 

[Calyx  fleshy  .............................................        H.  Sabdariffa.} 

Calyx  without  thickened  margins. 
Capsule  not  winged. 

Petals  not  changing  colour. 

Seeds  with  long  white  cottony  hairs. 
Bracteoles   much    shorter    than   calyx, 

oblanceolate,  more.  or  less  tomentose  2.  H.  lavateroides. 
Bracteoles   longer    than   calyx,   linear, 

glabrous  or  with  few  hairs  ............  3.  H.  Irasiliensis. 

Bracteoles   usually  shorter  than  calyx, 

linear-spathulate,  hispid  ...............  4.  H.  pilosus. 


Hibiscus  MALVACE.K  135 

Seeds  glabrous  or  pubescent  (not  cottony). 
[Leaves   ovate,  acuminate,   with   large 

teeth  ........................................       H.  Rosa-sinensis.'] 

Leaves  3-5-angled  or  -lobed. 

[Bracteoles  longer  than  calyx.    Calyx- 

lobes  lanceolate-linear  ...............        H.  lunar  ifolius.~\ 

Bracteoles     shorter    than     the    bell- 

shaped  calyx. 
Calyx-lobes    triangular-pentagonal, 

hirsute  .................................  5.  H.  trilobus. 

Calyx-lobes  large,  foliaceous,  ovate  6.  H.  clypeatus. 
[Leaves    3-5-parted.      Calyx   enlarging 

and  swelling  in  fruit  ....................        H.  Trionum.] 

[Petals  changing  colour  ...........................        H,  mutabilis.] 

[Capsule  5-winged   .....................................        H.  vitifolius.'] 

Bracteoles  united  into  a  cup,  but  free  from  calyx. 
Calyx  and  bracteoles  persistent  in  fruit.     Petals 

usually  less  than  8  cm.  1  .........................  7.  H.  tiliaceus. 

Calyx,  and  usually  bracteoles  also,  falling  off  in 

fruit.      Petals  generally  more  than  9  cm.  1.  8.  H.  elatus. 
[Calyx  splitting  down  along  one  side  as  the  flower 

opens,  spathe-like. 
[Stem  and  leaves  hirsute    .................................        H.AbelmoscJius.] 

[Stem  and  leaves  glabrous  or  with  few  hairs  only...       H.  esculentus.'] 


1.  H.  bifureatus  Cat-.  Diss.  Hi.  146,  t.  51,  /.  1 
prickles  usually  towards  apex  of  stem  and  branches  and  on 
petioles  and  nerves  of  leaves  ;  leaves  3-lobed  to  about  halfway, 
lobes  deltoid-ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  upper  sub-3-lobed  or 
simple;  bracteoles  9-13,  linear,  unequally  forked  at  apex, 
usually  longer  than  calyx  in  flower,  subequal  in  fruit,  covered 
with  white  tuberculate  hairs  or  prickles  ;  calyx  with  similar 
hairs,  enlarged  in  fruit,  lobes  with  thickened  margins  and  a 
gland  on  median  nerve  ;  seeds  with  minute  tubercles,  glabrous.  - 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  66  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  84  ;  Gurke  in  Fl.  Bras. 
tit.  pt.  3,  560;  Hoclireut.  in  Ann.  Conserv.  &  Jard.  Geneve,  iv.  108 
(1900)  ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  399. 

In  fl.  Oct.-March  ;  sea-shore  near  Spring  Garden  estate,  St.  George, 
Macfadyen.  —  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Undershrub,  3-6  ft.  high.  Leaves,  lower  8-12  cm.  1.,  cordate;  petioles 
shorter  than  the  blade;  stipules  linear-awl-shaped  6-8  mm.  1.  Peduncles 
solitary  in  axils  of  upper  leaves,  1-3  cm.  1.  Bracteoles  12-20  mm.  1.  Calyx 
13-15  mm.  1.  in  fl.,  to  2  cm.  1.  in  fruit.  Petals  7-9  cm.  1.,  purple.  Staminal 
tube  about  half  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Capsule  about  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
with  long  white  silky  hairs;  cells  4-5-seeded.  Seeds  of  irregular  form, 
3-4  mm.  1. 

H.  cannabinus  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1149  (1759),  Deccan  or  Arnbari  Hemp  of 
India,  widely  cultivated  in  tropics  ;  annual  or  perennial  ;  stem  prickly  ; 
upper  leaves  3-5-parted  nearly  to  base,  lobes  narrow,  serrate  ;  petiole 
generally  prickly,  usually  longer  than  the  blade  ;  flowers  axillary,  ;-ub- 
sessile  ;  bracteoles  7-10,  linear,  without  or  sometimes  with  an  appendage 
at  apex,  shorter  than  the  calyx  and  attached  to  it  at  the  base  ;  calyx-lobes 
long  acuminate  ;  corolla  large,  spreading,  yellow  or  deep  red  with  a 
crimson  centre  ;  capsule  bristly,  shorter  than  the  calyx. 


L3ti  ri.miA  or  JAMAICA  ZKi 


Our    spechru'ns    from    Hope    Gardens,   Harris  \  (Fl.  Jam.   li',:1-^',) 
from  Str\\art  Town,  Jeffrey-Smith  !  (Fl.  -lam.  lo.!i-J~>i  arc-  without  •  on 

rahx,  and  usually  have  au  appendage  at  apex  of  the  hracteoles,  agreci 
in  the>e  respects  \vith  specimens  from  Cuba;  thus  they  helong  to  the  form 
which  is  considered  by  some    botanists   as   a   distinct  specie-, 
11.  rdiliatiix  lav. 

The  hemp  is  said  to  be  similar  to  jute,  but  much  superior. 

H.  Sabdariffa  L.  Sp.  PL  G95  (1753),  French,  or  Indian,  or  Ked  Sorrel, 
or  Kozelle  ;  bracteoles  and  calyx  grow  together  below  the  middle,  increasing 
iu  fruit  into  a  purplish  fleshy  cup  ;  stem  commonly  purplish  ;  leaves  entire 
or  lobed,  with  a  gland  at  base  of  midrib  beneath;  peduncles  very  short, 
thickened  at  apex;  corolla  yellow  ;  capsule  villous,  shorter  than  the  calyx  ; 
>-eeds  puberulous.  —  Wright  Mem.  290;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  269;  Dcsc.  FL  Ant. 
i.  148,  t.  31;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  67.  Hibiscus  rufescens  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 

;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  incd.  Alcea  acetosa  &c.  Sloanc  Cat.  99  &  Hist.  i.  224, 
J[(.rb.  iv.  68  !  (in  part).  —  Cultivated  in  the  tropics. 

The  calyx  is  antiscorbutic  ;  its  acidity  neutralizes  the  bilious  secretion  ; 
it  is  made  into  preserves,  and  a  decoction  sweetened  and  fermented  is  the 
refreshing  "  sorrel  drink."  The  fibre  is  strong  and  silky.  Specimens  from 
Distin  !  and  Prior  \  from  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Kew. 

'2.  H.  lavateroides  Moric.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Pltys.  Gen.  vii.  263, 
/.  16  (1836)  ct  PL  Nouv.  d'Amer.  23,  t.  16;  young  stem  and 
branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles  tomentose  with  large  stellate 
hairs  ;  leaves  deltoid-ovate,  apex  acute,  subacuminate,  or  obtuse, 
base  cordate  to  truncate;  bracteoles  about  10,  spathulate  or 
oblanceolate,  much  shorter  than  the  calyx,  more  or  less  tomentose  ; 
calyx  densely  tomentose,  lobes  united  to  nearly  halfway  up  ; 
seeds  dark  brown,  with  long  white  cottony  hairs.  —  HemsL  BioL 
Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  121  ;  Hochreut.  torn.  cit.  77.  Original  specimen 
from  Moricand  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Greenland,  E.  G.  Britton,  2898  !—  Mexico,  Honduras. 

Shrubby  herb,  2-3  ft.  high,  or  more.  Leaves  3-9  cm.  L,  irregularly 
serrate,  sometimes  slightly  lobed  on  each  side,  with  stellate  hairs  on  both 
sides,  denser  beneath  ;  petioles  shorter  than  the  blade  ;  stipules  linear- 
awl-shaped,  3-6  mm.  1.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  upper  axils  with  peduncle 
about  twice  or  thrice  as  long  as  petiole.  Calyx  about  17  (15-22)  mm.  1.  ; 
lobes  triangular,  subacumiuate.  Petals  3-4  cm.  1.,  with  large  stellate 
hairs  on  the  outside,  rosy  pink  or  madder  lake  colour.  Staminal  tube 
usually  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Capsule  shorter  than  the  calyx,  covered 
with  minute  stellate  hairs  or  glabrate. 

3.  H.  brasiliensis  L.  Sp.  PL  cd.  2,  977  (1763)  ;  young  stem 
and  branches  glabrous  or  with  very  few  hairs,  often  with  a 
tomentose  line  ;  leaves  deltoid-ovate  more  or  less  subacuminate, 
base  truncate  to  obtuse;  bracteoles  9—10,  linear,  acuminate, 
longer  than  calyx  or  about  as  long,  glabrous  or  with  a  few 
stellate  hairs  :  calyx  somewhat  hispid,  lobes  united  usually  to 
about  4  mm.  from  base  ;  seeds  black,  with  long  white  cottony 
hairs.  —  Hochreut.  torn.  cit.  87  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  398  &  viii.  424. 
H.  phceniceus  Jacq.  Hort.  Vindob.  Hi.  11,  /.  14(1776);  Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  85  ;  GilrJce  torn.  cit.  566.  H.  unilateralis  Cor. 


Hibiscus 


MALVACEAE 


13V 


Diss.    Hi.    158,   t.   67,  /.  F,   e,  /.  ;    Macf.   Jam.  i.  71.     H.  foliis 
cordato-ovatis  £c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  153,  ?.  160,  /.  1. 

Probably  native,  also  cultivated  ;  Macfadyen  ;  Lane  \  hills,  Moneague, 
Prior  \  March  I  Kingston  (cult.),  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  11,873. — Cuba  ,  His- 
paniola,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Bartholomew,  St. 
Christopher,  Antigua,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique  (cult.),  St.  Vincent, 
Curasao,  Central  America,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Guiana. 

Shrubby  herb,  2-5  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-5(-9)  cm.  1.,  crenate-serrate  with 
large  teeth,  occasionally  with  an  indication  of  a  lobe  at  each  side,  on  both 
sides  with  a  few  stellate  hairs  ;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1. ;  stipules  thread-like, 
5-6  mm.  1.  Flowers  solitary  in  axils ;  peduncle  3-5  cm.  1.  Calyx 
10-12  mm.  1.,  lobes  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Petals  l'7(-2)  cm.  1., 
spreading,  with  large  stellate  hairs  on  outside,  dark  crimson  or  white. 
Staminal  tube  shorter  than  or  about  equalling  the  corolla.  Capsule 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  covered  with  small  stellate  hairs. 

4.  H.  pilosus  cornlj.  nov.;  young  stern  and  branches  with 
adpressed  stellate  hairs,  often  with  tomentose  lines ;  leaves 
deltoid-ovate,  apex  obtuse,  base  cordate  to  truncate  ;  bracteoles 


Fig.  52. — Hibiscus  pilosus  Fawc.  &  Rendle. 

A,  Flower  and  leaf,  nat.  size.  B,  Capsule,  nat.  size. 

C,  Seed  x  2. 

9-10,  linear-spathulate,  usually  shorter  than  the  calyx,  hispid  ; 
calyx  hispid,  lobes  united  usually  nearly  halfway ;  seeds  black, 
with  long  white  cottony  hairs. — H.  spiralis  Cav.  Icon.  ii.  47, 
t.  162  (1793)  ;  Hemsl.  Biol  Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  122  ;  Hochreut. 


l.".S  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Hi' 


ion.  clt.  1*0.  II.  Bancroft  ianus  Nn<-f.  Jam.  i.  70  (1837)  ; 
loc.  rit.  H.  truncatus  Hi-It.  ,S>/'/''''  Citl>.  •'  •  53,  <.  16  (  1  *  1">). 
Achania  pilosa.  ,SV.  YYoJr.  lu:»  (1788)  &  FL  In<L  Or.  li'iM-  ;  ;!//. 
//"/•/.  A*  /r.  //.  -159.  Malvaviscns  pilosus  DC.  Pro<lr.  i.  11-") 
(1824).  (Fig.  ">2.)  Specimen  of  Aclmnii  j>il<>sd  of  Ait.  Hurt. 
\\--\\-.  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 


Bancroft  I   common  in   the   higher  mountains,  Mac  fa  fly  en  ; 
^^^tn•hl  near  Falmouth  ;  Plowdcn  Hill,  800  ft.;  Salem,  Llandovery,   - 
Ann;  southern  Manchester;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7224,  81G7,  10,379,  12,693. 
—  Cuba,  Mexico. 

Shrubby  herb,  2-5  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-5(-8)  cm.  1.,  irregularly  crenate- 
serrate,  occasionally  with  an  indication  of  a  lobe  at  each  side,  on  both 
sides  with  stellate  and  simple  hairs  ;  petioles  shorter  than  the  blade, 
l-3(-5)  cm.  1.,  hispid;  stipules  awl-shaped,  sometimes  from  a  broad  base, 
4-6  mm.  1.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  with  peduncle  about  twice 
or  thrice  as  long  as  the  petiole.  Calyx  about  12  (9-15)  mm.  1.  ;  lobes 
lanceolate,  subacuminate.  Petals  rolled  spirally  below  into  a  tube, 
2  -2-2  -6  cm.  1.,  glabrous  outside,  crimson.  Stamiiwl  tube  longer  than  the 
corolla.  Capside  longer  than  the  calyx,  covered  with  long  stellate  hairs. 

H.  Rosa-sinensis  L.  Sp.  PL  694  (1753)  ;  leaves  ovate,  acuminate  ; 
peduncles  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  adjoining  leaf  ;  bracteoles  linear- 
tapering,  6  or  7,  half  the  length  of  the  bell-shaped  calyx  ;  corolla  red  ; 
staminal  tube  longer  than  corolla  ;  fruit  not  formed  in  Jamaica.  —  Macf. 
Jam.  i.  65.  —  Cultivated  in  tropics.  Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Cultivated  in  gardens,  and  often  grown  as  a  hedge.  Native  of  tropical 
Asia.  The  common  name  "  Shoe-black  "  is  due  to  the  use  made  of  the 
flower.  Specimens  from  Macfadycn\  and  Prior!  from  Jamaica  in  Herb. 
Kew. 

[H.  lunarifolius  Willd.  Sp.  PL  Hi.  811  (1800);  young  stem 
and  branches  hispid  with  adpressed  hairs  ;  leaves  on  flowering 
branches  roundish-cordate  with  3-5  acuminate  angles  ;  bracteoles 
about  10,  lanceolate-linear,  united  at  the  base,  longer  by  2-5  mm. 
than  the  calyx  ;  lower  third  of  calyx  cup-like,  lobes  lanceolate- 
linear  ;  seeds  black,  with  very  minute  stellate  hairs  arranged 
irregularly.—  Mast,  in  Fl  Trop.  Afr.  i.  202  &  in  Hook.  f.  Fl  Br. 
Ind.  i.  338  :  Hochreut.  torn.  cit.  160. 

Naturalized,  an  escape  from  Hiiiton  East's  botanic  garden  whence 
Priori  got  a  specimen;  Gordon  Town,  Ball  I  near  Gordon  Town;  Hope 
River  course,  600  ft.;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  8260.  —  Native  of  tropical  Africa, 
India,  Ceylon. 

Undcrshrub,  3-6  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-9  (-14)  cm.  1.,  serrate  or  crenate,  on 
both  sides  with  simple  and  stellate  hairs,  denser  beneath  ;  petioles  usually 
longer  than  the  blades,  more  or  less  tomentose.  Peduncles  very  short, 
thickened  above,  tomentose,  1-flowered,  in  axils  of  upper  leaves,  and 
forming  a  terminal,  more  or  less  leafless,  raceme.  Bracteoles  13-18  mm.  1. 
Petals  pale  yellow  with  a  dark  purple  centre,  5-6  cm.  1.  Staminal  tube 
half  as  long  as  petals,  bearing  anthers  to  the  base.  Capsule  15-18  mm.  1., 
ovoid-ellipsoidal,  hispid  ;  valves  with  a  long  beak  at  apex  5-7  mm.  1. 
Seeds  about  3  mm.  L] 

5.  H.  trilobus  Aiibl.  PI  Guian.  ii.  708  (1775);  young  stem 
and  branches  armed  with  prickles  ;  leaves  on  flowering  branches 
3-lobed  or  sub-5-lobed,  subacuminate,  strongly  serrate,  base 


Hibiscus  MALVACEAE  139 

truncate  or  subcordate ;  bracteoles  12—14,  linear-acuminate, 
about  half  as  long  as  the  calyx,  hirsute ;  calyx  hirsute,  5-cleft 
about  one-fourth  of  its  length,  lobes  triangular-pentagonal ;  seeds 
puberulous-velvety  with  reddish  hairs. — Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  147,  t.  53, 
/.  2  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  vi.  4,  t.  381  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  85 
(in  part) ;  Hochrent.  torn.  tit.  142  ;  Vrb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  399  &  viii. 
425,  tfe  in  Fedde  Hep.  xvi.  34.  H.  domingensis  Jacq.  Col.  Hi.  213 
(1789)  &  Ic.  PL  Ear.  Hi.  t.  550.  H.  aquaticus  Tussac  FL  Ant. 
Hi.  102,  t.  31  (1824)  (non  DC.).  H.  foliis  trilobis  &c.  Plum.  PL 
Amer.  (Burm.)  152,  t.  159, /.  1  &  Ic.  ined.  v.  279. 

Wright !  Distin. — Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico. 

Tree,  10  ft.  high.  Leaves  (on  flowering  branches)  7-11  cm.  1.,  on  both 
sides  hispid,  especially  on  the  nerves  ;  petioles  a  little  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  with  or  without  prickles,  sparingly  puberulous,  tomentose  in  furrow 
above,  the  line  of  tomentum  more  or  less  decurrent.  Peduncles  axillary, 
solitary,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  petiole,  1-flowered.  Calyx  3-3*5  cm.  1., 
bell-shaped;  lobes  5-nerved.  Petals  7-8  cm.  1.,  scarlet  or  light  purple  and 
very  dark  purple  at  base.  Staminal  tube  about  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla.  Capsule  about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  hispid  with  light  yellow 
hairs  ;  cells  with  numerous  seeds.  Seeds  about  3-5  mm.  1. 

6.  H.  clypeatus  L.  Sijst.  ed.  10,  1149  (1759);  more  or  less 
velvety  all  over ;  leaves  sub-3-lobed-angular,  cordate,  sub- 
acuminate ;  bracteoles  9-11,  linear-lanceolate,  unequal  in  length, 
much  shorter  than  the  calyx ;  calyx  5-cleft,  lobes  long,  foliaceous, 
ovate,  acute  :  seeds  roundish-ellipsoidal,  very  dark  brown,  glab- 
rous.—&0.  Obs.  270  ;  West,  St.  Croix,  298  ;  Desc.  Fl.  Ant.  vii.  278, 
L  517;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  69;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  85;  Hochreut. 
torn.  cit.  144 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  400.  H.  foliis  cordato- 
angulatis  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  153,  t.  160,  /.  2.  H.  fru- 
ticosus  diffusus  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  286.  H.  tomentosus  Mill. 
Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Malva  arborea.  .  .veluto  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  95 
&  Hist.  i.  216,  t.  135, /.  1.  Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Congo   Mahoe. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Dec. -Feb. ;  Bed  Hills,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  44!  Houstounl 
Wright !  Sheldon  Works  and  Five  Mile  Wood,  St.  David ;  Salt  River,  St. 
Dorothy ;  Macfadyen  \  St.  Andrew,  Me  Nab  !  March  ;  New  Forest,  500  ft. ; 
Mona,  1000  ft. ;  Hall's  Delight,  Port  Royal  lilts. ;  Long  Mt.,  800-900  ft.  ; 
Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7240,  7893,  8254,  8868,  9060.— Cayman,  Hispaniola, 
Porto  Rico,  St.  Cruz  (West). 

Trailing  shrub  or  small  tree,  6-15  ft.  high.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  L,  smaller 
at  apex,  with  small  teeth  ;  petioles  varying  in  length,  often  about  half  as 
long  as  the  leaves.  Peduncles  axillary,  solitary,  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
petiole,  1-flowered.  Calyx  3 '5-4  cm.  L,  longer  in  fruit,  lobes  5-nerved. 
Petals  4*5-6  cm.  1.,  reddish-yellow,  velvety  on  backs.  Staminal  tube 
nearly  a$  long  as  the  corolla.  Capsule  shorter  than  the  calyx,  hirsute- 
tomentose,  with  bright  yellow  hairs  on  the  outside  and  on  the  margins  of 
the  valves  inside  ;  cells  with  numerous  seeds.  Seeds  about  4  rnm.  1. 

The  bark  makes  a  very  fine  strong  cord,  and  is  employed  to  make  the 
lashes  of  whips.  (Macfadyen.) 

H.  mutabilis  L.  Sp.  PL  694  (1753)  &  Amccn.  v.  380,  Changeable  Rose  or 
Hibiscus  ;  small  tree  or  shrub ;  leaves  5-angled ;  peduncles  axillary,  nearly 


140  FLORA    OF    JAMAICA  Hil>ixc>t>i 

as  long  as  the  leaf ;  bracteoles  10,  nearly  free ;  corolla  white  or  pink  on 
lirst  opening  in  the  morning  and  deep  red  by  night. —  Wright  Mem.  289; 
Desc.  !•'>'.  Ant.  ir.  171,  t.  270.     H.  fruticosus  brachiatus  &c.  Bro-wne  II 
Jam.  286.     Type  in  Herb.  Linn.— Native  of  China  and  Japan.     Cult,  in 
tropics. 

H.  Trionum  L.  S]>.  PI.  G97  (1753) ;  annual,  1-2  ft.  high ;  leaves,  upper 
3-5-parted,  lower  roundish,  undivided ;  bracteoles  7-12,  linear-tapering ; 
rnlyx  5-cleft,  increasing  in  size  and  becoming  inflated  in  fruit;  corolla 
yellow  with  a  purple  centre,  twice  as  large  as  calyx  or  more ;  capsule  as 
long  as  calyx,  bristly ;  seeds  minutely  warted. — Naturalized  ;  in  waste 
places,  Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,338.  Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 
—South  Europe  and  hotter  parts  of  the  Old  World. 

[H.  vitifolius  L.  82).  PL  696  (1753)  ;  young  stem  and 
branches  velvety ;  leaves  3-angular  or  -lobed  or  sub-5-lobed, 
cordate;  bracteoles  10-12,  thread-like,  shorter  than  the  calyx; 
calyx  hirsute,  5-cleft  to  about  the  middle,  lobes  ovate,  5-nerved  ; 
capsule-valves  winged ;  seeds  minutely  warted. — Cav.  Diss.  Hi. 
145,  t.  58,  f.  2  ;  Mast,  in  FL  Trop.  Afr.  i.  197  &  in  Hook.  f.  FL 
Br.  Ind.  //338;  Griscbach  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  85.  Type  in  Herb. 
Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wilson  \  March  \  Kingston,  Hitchcock;  Windward  Eoad,  Campbell ! 
marsh  near  Rock  Fort,  Harris  &  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  5975,  10,794. — 
Naturalized  in  the  West  Indies.  Native  in  the  tropics  of  Africa,  India, 
and  Australia. 

Tall,  branched  herb.  Leaves  2-10  cm.  1.,  toothed,  velvety  and  soft  to 
the  touch  on  both  sides ;  petioles  about  as  long  as  the  blades ;  stipules 
thread-like,  3-4  mm.  1.  Peduncles  axillary,  1  (or  2),  about  as  long  as  the 
petioles,  1-flowered,  often  crowded  at  ends  of  branches.  Calyx  15-20  mm.  1., 
5-cleft  to  about  the  middle,  hirsute.  Petals  yellow  with  a  large  purple 
spot  at  the  base,  4-6  cm.  1.  Staminal  tube  about  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla.  Capsule  globose,  hirsute,  beaked,  shorter  than  the  enlarged  calyx. 
Seeds  about  3  mm.  L] 

7.  H.  tiliaceus  L.  Sp.  PL  694  (1753)  ;  tree  or  shrub  10-15 
(6-35)  ft.  high ;  leaves  roundish  or  roundish-ovate,  usually 
shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate,  cordate  ;  bracteoles  below  united 
into  a  cup  but  free  from  calyx,  6-17  mm.  L,  8-11-toothed,  or  -lobed, 
persistent;  calyx  16-32  mm.  L,  5-cleft  to  about  the  middle, 
3-nerved,  middle  nerve  sometimes  with  a  split  gland,  persistent  ; 
seeds  covered  with  minute  warts. — Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  151,  t.  55, 
/.  1  ;  Bot.  Beg.  232;  Tussac  FL  Ant.  ii.  18,  t.  5  ;  Descourt.  FL 
Ant.  ii.  327,  t.  148  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  69  ;  Mast,  in  FL  Trop.  Afr.  i. 
207  &  in  Hook.  f.  FL  'Br.  Ind.  i.  343  ;  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Pr. 
Ind. ;  Giirlte  torn.  cit.  567  (in  part)  ;  Hoclireut.  torn.  cit.  62  (in 
part)  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  776  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  398  (in  part) ; 
Guppy  Plants.  .  .  W.  Ind.  214.  H.  arboreus  Desv.  ex  Hamilton 
Prodr.  49  (1825).  Malva  arborea  maritima  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  95  & 
Hist,  i.  215,  t.  134,/.  4  ;  Catesby  Nat,  Hist.  ii.  90,  t.  90.  Althaea 
maritima  &c.  Browne  Hic.t.  Jam.  284.  Paritium  tiliaceum 
A.  Juss.  in  St.  Hil.  FL  Bras.  Mer.  i.  256  (1825) ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  86;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  239  (under  Pariti);  Britt.  &  Milhp. 


Hibiscus  MALVACEAE  141 

Bah.  Fl.  273  (under  Pariti],     Types  in  Herb.   Hermann  (with 
icon.)  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  and  in  Herb  Linn. 

Sea-side   Mahoe. 

Sea-side,  St.  Ann,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  43 !  common  by  sea-sbore,  Mac- 
fadyen  \  McNab  \  Holland  Bay,  Purdie !  Port  Antonio,  Hitchcock. — 
Bermuda  (naturalized),  Florida,  sea-sbore  in  all  tropical  lands. 

Leaves  8-20  cm.  1.,  entire  or  minutely  crenate,  on  upper  surface 
glabrous,  beneatb  boary-tomentose,  venation  prominent  beneatb,  usually 
witb  a  split  gland  at  tbe  base  of  tbe  median  nerve  or  of  tbe  tbree  median 
nerves;  petioles  long;  stipules  2-4  cm.  1.,  oblong,  soon  falling.  Flowers 
solitary  in  axils  of  uppermost  leaves,  sometimes  2  or  3  close  together. 
Petals  40-70(-90)  mrn.  1.,  obovate,  yellow.  Staminal  tube  nearly  as  long 
as  tbe  petals,  bearing  stamens  in  its  whole  lengtb.  Capsule  15-20(-30) 
mm.  1.,  ovoid,  loculicidally  5-valved,  many-sided,  tomentose.  Seeds 
4  mm.  1. 

Dampier  wrote  of  tbis  tree: — "Tbe  Musketo  Indians  make  tbeir  lines 
botb  for  fisbing  and  striking  witb  tbe  bark  wbicb  is  made  up  of  strings  or 
tbreads,  very  strong ;  you  may  draw  it  off  eitber  in  flakes  or  small  tbreads. 
"Tis  fit  for  any  manner  of  cordage,  and  Privateers  often  make  tbeir  rigging 
of  it." 

For  tbe  Pacific  islander  it  supplies  tbe  materials  for  cordage,  nets, 
native  cloth,  &o. ;  and  it  is  also  used  for  planking  and  building  light  boats. 
Watt  states  that  the  fibre  seems  highly  suitable  for  the  paper  trade. 
From  Roxburgh's  experiments  it  seems  that  the  fibre  gains  in  strength 
when  tarred. 

8.  H.  elatus  Sw.  Prodr.  102  (1788)  &  Fl.  Incl  Occ.  1218; 
tree  50  to  80  ft.  high,  diameter  to  3  ft.  ;  involucel  usually  falling 
off;  calyx  34-50  mm.  L,  falling  off  in  fruit ;  petals  95-110  mm.  1., 
more  or  less  oblong,  changing  colour — pale  primrose  in  morning, 
becoming  orange  and  deep  red  as  the  day  advances,  dark  red  at 
base  ;  capsule  30-33  mm.  L,  globose,  hirsute  with  adpressed 
hairs ;  seeds  villous. — Wright  Mem.  288 ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  68. 
Paritiuni  elatum  G.  Don.  Gen.  Hist.  i.  485  (1831) ;  Rich,  in 
Sagra  Cub.  x.  54  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  ;  Gappy  loc.  cit.  H.  arboreus 
&c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  284.  Malva  arborea  tkc.  Sloane  Cat.  95  & 
Hist.  i.  215,  t.  134, /.  2,  3.  Description  like  that  of  H.  tiliaceus 
except  in  the  foregoing  details. 

Blue   or   Mountain  Mahoe,   Cuba  Bark. 

Moist  inland  parts,  Sloane  Hb.  iv.  42  !  Wright !  Macfadyen  !  interior  of 
Westmoreland,  Purdie  !  Wilson  !  Dove  Hall,  Moneague,  Prior !  March  \ 
St.  George,  Watti  Eobertsfield,  2000  ft.;  Harris  I  Phoenix  Park,  Mo- 
neague, Faiucett  &  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6179,  7046.— Cuba. 

Tbe  wood  is  of  a  brownish  colour  with  darker  or  lighter  bauds,  the 
best  variety,  when  fully  ripe,  being  dark  mottled  green,  having  the  appear- 
ance when  polished  of  dark-green  variegated  marble.  The  grain  is 
somewhat  coarse,  surface  lustrous.  Tbe  wood  is  very  bard,  but  not  so 
hard  as  rosewood  (Amyris  balsamifera).  Wood  of  good  colour  is  used  in 
cabinet  work,  for  furniture,  &c. ;  it  is  much  used  locally  for  building- 
purposes,  for  carriage  and  cart  work  and  for  railway  sleepers,  it  also  yields 
good  shingles.  It  is  very  flexible,  and  is  said  to  have  "  all  tbe  characters 
of  the  best  European  ash,  but  is  more  durable  and  longer  in  tbe  fibre." 
Use  is  made  of  it  for  gun-stocks,  carriage  poles,  ships'  knees,  and  fishing 
rods.  Weight  44  to  49  Ibs.  per  cubic  foot.  The  fibres  of  the  bark  of 


141'  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Hibiscus 

young  trees  make  good  ropes.  The  lace-like  inner  bark  was  at  one  time 
known  as  Cuba  bark  from  its  being  used  as  the  material  for  tying  round 
bundles  of  Havana  cigars.  The  use  of  the  bark  of  young  trees  for  making 
ropes  should  be  sternly  suppressed,  as  it  entails  the  destruction  of  valuable 
timber  trees.  An  infusion  of  the  mucilaginous  leaves  and  young  shoots  is 
used  in  dysentery. 

[H.  Abelmosehus  L.  Sp.  PL  696  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  380; 
stem  and  leaves  hispid  or  hirsute  ;  leaves  3-5-lobed  or  -angled, 
more  or  less  hastate  or  cordate  ;  bracteoles  10-12  mm.  1.,  8-10, 
hirsute;  calyx  2 '5-3 '5  cm.  1.,  5-toothed,  cleft  during  flowering 
011  one  side  and  at  length  dropping  oft*  from  a  persistent  base, 
pubescent;  petals  4-8  cm.  1.  ;  seeds  glabrous,  striate,  of  a 
musky  smell. — Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  167,  t.  62,  /.  2;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  67; 
Mast,  in  Fl  Trop.  Afr.  i.  207  &  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Br.  Ind.  i.  342  ; 
Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Pr.  Ind.  ;  Giirke  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  570 ; 
Hocltrcut.  torn.  cit.  150  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  401  &  viii.  426. 
H.  hispidus  tfec.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  285  ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  ined. 
H.  moscheutos  Wright  Mem.  289  (non  L.).  Alcea  hirsuta  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  98  &  Hist.  i.  223.  Abelmosehus  moschatus  Medic. 
Malv.  46  (1787) ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  84.  Alcea  moschata  &c. 
Pluk.  Pliyt.  t.  127,  f.  1.  Specimen  in  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb. 
Alus.  Brit, 

Musk  Ochra,  Musk  Seed,  Wild  Ochra. 

Naturalized  and  cultivated ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  69 !  Wright  \  Liguanea 
plain,  Bancroft  \  Shakspear  !  St.  Mary,  McNab  \  Lacovia,  Tomlinson. — 
Apparently  native  in  India,  and  now  naturalized  and  cultivated  throughout 
the  tropics. 

Undershrub,  seldom  lasting  more  than  a  year,  about  4  ft.  high.  Leaves  f 
lower  10-15  cm.  L,  upper  smaller,  on  both  sides  hirsute  or  pubescent ; 
petioles  long;  stipules  awl-shaped,  5-6  mm.  1.  Petals  sulphur-yellow, 
with  crimson  or  purplish  claws.  Staminal  tube  3  or  4  times  shorter  than 
the  petals.  Capsule  4-7  cm.  L,  lanceolate-ovoid,  hirsute,  5-celled ;  cells 
many-seeded.  Seeds  4-5  mm.  1. 

Yields  a  strong  fibre  and  a  larger  crop  per  acre  than  most  fibre  plants. 
Seeds  used  in.  perfumery  as  a  cheap  substitute  for  musk ;  also  used 
medicinally  in  tincture  as  a  stimulant,  stomachic,  and  antispasmodic  ; 
also  strung  as  beads.] 

[H.  esculentus  L.  Sp.  PI.  696  (1753)  &  Amocn.  v.  380;  stem 
and  leaves  glabrous  or  with  a  few  simple  hairs  ;  usually  5-lobed 
to  the  middle;  bracteoles  10-13  mm.  1.,  8-12,  hirsute;  calyx 
1-5-2*5  cm.  1.,  5-toothed,  clei't  during  flowering  on  one  side  and 
at  length  dropping  off  from  a  persistent  base,  pubescent ;  petals 
3-6  cm.  1. ;  seeds  globose-kidney-shaped,  striate,  somesvhat  hairy, 
5  mm.  in  cliam.— -Wright  Mem.  217  ;  Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  168,  t.  61, 
/.  2;  Tussac  Fl.  Ant.  i.  91,  t.  10;  Stokes  Mat.  Med.  in.  546; 
Desc.  FL  Ant.  iv.  165,  t.  269;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  66;  Mast,  in  Fl. 
Trop.  Afr.  i.  207  &  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  'Br.  Ind.  i.  343  ;  Watt  Diet. 
Econ.  Pr.  Ind. ;  GiirJce  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  569  ;  Hochreut.  torn, 
cit.  150  ;  Urb.  Sytiib.  Ant.  iv.  401  tir  viii.  426.  H.  ramosus  kc. 


Hibiscus  MALVACEAE  143 

Browne  Hist.  Jam.  285  ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  ined.  Alcea  maxima.  .  . 
fructu  pentagono  &c.,  Do.  .  .  .  decagono  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  98  & 
Hist,  i  222,  223.  Abelmoschus  esculentus  Moench.  Meth.  617 
(1794);  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  84;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  Fl. 
272.  Type  in  Herb.  Linn. 

Ochr  a. 

Naturalized  and  cultivated ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  66,  67  !  Wright  \  Lucea, 
Hitchcock.— Tropics  of  Old  World,  and  now  cultivated  in  all  tropical  and 
subtropical  regions. 

Herbaceous  under  shrub,  3-6(-12)  ft.  high.  Leaves,  on  both  sides  with 
a  few  simple  hairs;  petioles  long;  stipules  thread-like,  8-11  mm.  1. 
Petals  yellow,  with  reddish  claws.  Staminal  tube  about  half  as  long  as 
the  corolla.  Capsule  8-1-2  cm.  1.,  l'5-2  cm.  br.,  lanceolate-ovoid,  hirsute, 
5-celled  ;  cells  many-seeded. 

Yields  a  good  fibre,  but  not  so  strong  as  that  from  H.  Abelmoschus,  and 
only  a  small  crop  per  acre  ;  a  patent  was  taken  out  in  France  for  making 
paper  from  it.  The  full  but  unripe  fruit  is  an  excellent  vegetable.  It 
abounds  in  mucilage,  and  is  either  dressed  plain  or  employed  in  soups. 
Inhalation  of  the  vapour  of  the  decoction  is  serviceable  in  allaying  cough, 
hoarseness,  and  affections  generally  of  the  throat.  Seeds  yield  an  oil 
similar  to  olive' oil.] 

13.  KOSTELETZKYA  Presl 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  generally  hispid  or  rough.  Leaves  some- 
times with  angular  lobes.  Peduncles  with  1  or  more  flowers, 
axillary  or  in  terminal  racemes  or  panicles.  Bracteoles  5-10, 
sometimes  minute  or  almost  wanting.  Calyx  5-parted  to 
5-toothed.  Ovary  5-celled,  each  cell  with  1  ovule.  Style- 
branches  with  capitate  or  dilated  stigmas.  Capsule  somewhat 
flattened  down,  with  5  prominent  angles,  splitting  open  locu- 
licidally.  Seeds  kidney-shaped,  ascending. 

Species  8,  natives  of  subtropical  and  tropical  America  (incl. 
Jamaica). 

K.  pentasperma  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  83  (1859) ;  Hemsl. 
Bot.  Biol.  Cent.  Am.  i.  120.  K.  sagittata  Presl  Bel.  Haenk.  ii. 
131,  t.  70  (1836);  Giirke  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  572,  t.  111. 
K.  hispida  Presl  torn.  cit.  132.  Hibiscus  pentaspermus  Bertero 
ex  DC.  Prodr.  i.  447  (1824)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  65.  H.  tampicensis 
Moric.  PL  Nouv.  Amer.  20,  t.  14  (1836).  Melochia  depressa 
Hill.  Diet.  ed.  8  &  Fig.  PI  t.  3, /.  B  (1768)  (non  L.).  (Fig.  53.) 
Specimens  from  Presl  and  Miller  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Houstounl  Massonl  Distinl  Morass,  Savanna  la  Mar,  Purdie !  March  \ 
Banks  of  Ferry  Eiver,  Liguanea ;  road  to  Spanish  Town;  Meylersfield, 
Westmoreland;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  8189,  9054,  11,790,  11,829.— Cuba, 
Mexico,  Guatemala,  Ecuador,  Venezuela. 

Shrubby  herb,  3-6  ft.  high  ;  stem,  branches,  stipules,  petioles,  leaves, 
peduncles  sparsely  or  densely  covered  with  spreading  white  tuberculate 
hairs,  also  with  one  or  two  longitudinal  tomentose  lines  with  minute 
stellate  hairs  on  branches.  Leaves  3-8  cm.  1.,  lanceolate  to  ovate, 
acuminate  to  acute,  base  rounded,  truncate  to  cordate,  sometimes  sub- 


144 


FLORA   OF   JAM  All  A 


Kostelct-kya 


lobed  and  base  sagittate  or  hastate,  irregularly  toothed  ;  petioles  one-third 
long  as  blades  below,  gradually  getting  shorter  upwards ;  stipules 
thread-like,  3-9  mm.  1.  Peduncles  solitary,  one-flowered,  axillary,  5  cm.  1. 
below,  gradually  decreasing  upwards  to  1  cm.  Bradcolcs  linear,  shorter 
than  calyx.  Calyx  about  4  mm.  1.,  5-parted  ;  lobes  triangular.  Corolla 
white  (drying  yellow),  three  times  as  long  as  calyx.  Staminal  tube  half  as 
long  as  corolla.  Capsule  8-10  mm.  in  diam.,  keels  hispid  with  curved  hair-. 


Fig.  53. — Kosteletzkya  pentasperma  Griseb. 


A,  Leaf  and  flower  x 


B,  Fruit  x  2. 


C,  Seed  x  4. 


valves  marked  with  one  median  rib  and  several  transverse.  Seeds  about 
2-5  mm.  1.,  blackish-brown,  with  minute  2-3-branched  hooked  hairs;  and 
with  very  minute  pits,  or  glabrous. 

We  are  inclined  to  agree  with  Bentham  (PL  Hartweg.  114)  that  the 
species  referred  to  in  his  note  on  K.  sagittata  are  conspecific  with  above 
species.  Specimens  (PL  Haenk.)  of  K.  hispida  and  K.  sagittata  from  Presl 
are  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 


14.  THESPESIA  Solander  ex  Correa 

Trees  or  tall  herbs.  Leaves  entire,  sometimes  with  angular 
lobes.  Flowers  axillary,  generally  yellow,  handsome.  Bracteoles 
3-8,  small  or  soon  falling.  Calyx  truncate,  with  5  minute  or 
bristle-like  teeth,  rarely  5-cleft.  Ovary  5-celled,  cells  with  aiew 
ovules ;  style  thickened,  and  with  5  furrows  and  distinct  stigmas 
at  the  apex,  or  divided  into  5  erect  short  branches  which  bear 
stigmas.  Capsule  somewhat  leathery  or  woody,  releasing  the 
seeds  by  its  decay,  or  sometimes  loculicidally  5-valved.  Seeds 
obovoid,  2-3  in  each  cell ;  cotyledons  black-dotted,  folded 
together. 

Species  7,  natives  of  tropics. 

T.  populnea  Solander  (ms.  «fc  tab.  pict.  by  S.  Parkinson  ined. 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.)  ex  Correa  in  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  ix.  290,  t.  25, 


Thespesia 


MALVACEAE 


145 


/.  1  (1807)  ;  Wight  Ic.  t.  8 ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  87 ;  Mast,  in 
'Hook.  f.  FL  Br.  Ind.  i.  345  ;  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Pr.  Ind. ;  E.  G. 
Bak.  in  Journ.  Bot.  xxxv.  51  ;  Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat. 
Herb.  viii.  253,  «.  58,  59  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  777 ;  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  401  ;  Guppy  Plants,  Seeds  &c.  in  W.  Indies  &c.  244,  &c. ; 
Britt.  FL  Berm.  240 ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  FL  273.  Hibiscus 
populneus  L.  Sp.  PL  694  (1753)  ;  Cav.  Diss.  Hi.  152,  t.  56,  /.  1. 


D 


E 


Fig.  54. — Thespesia  populnea  Solander. 

A,  Leaf  and  flower  with  a  petal  C,  Fruit  partly  cut  open  x  '?. 

removed  x  §.  D,  Seed,  nat.  size. 

B,  Stamen  x  7.  E,  Embryo,  nat.  size. 

Malvaviscus   populneus    Gaertn.  Fruct.    ii.    253,   t.    135    (1791). 
(Fig.  54.)     Type  in  Herb.  Hermann  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Sea-side   Mahoe,   John   Bull   Tree. 

Sea-shore;  Distin ;  Wilsonl  Morant  Bay,  Prior !  Marcli ;  J.P.  619, 
Morris  \  Kingston,  H itchcock ;  Harris  I — Tropics. 

A  small  tree  usually ;  herbaceous  parts  covered  with  peltate  scales. 
Leaves  5-20  cm.  1.,  entire,  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  cordate,  5-7-nerved, 
with  a  glandular  pore  between  the  bases  of  nerves  beneath ;  petiole  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  blade.  Peduncles  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the 
petiole.  Bractcoles  3-5,  as  long  as  calyx,  oblong-lanceolate.  Calyx 
V.  L 


146 


FLOE  A   OK    .JAMAICA 


Thcspcsia 


7-9  rani.  1..  cup-shaped,  sometimes  with  5  minute  teeth.  Petals  5-G  cm.  1., 
changing  colour  from  yellow  to  purple  as  the  day  advances.  Fruit  3  cm. 
in  diam..  globose.  Seeds  8-10  mm.  1.,  with  1  or  2  flat  inner  faces  and 
rounded  back,  more  or  less  tomeutose,  often  becoming  villose  at  angles, 
apex,  and  base. 

This  tree,  as  well  as  the  Silk-cotton  tree,  harbours  the  Cotton  Stainer, 
and  is  therefore  destroyed  in  those  West  Indian  islands  where  the  cotton 
crop  is  au  important  staple. 


15.  GOSSYPIUM  L. 

Herbs,  or  shrubs,  sometimes  arborescent,  generally  marked 
all  over  with  black  dots,  often  with  simple  or  stellate  hairs. 
Leaves  3— 5(7)-lobed  or  occasionally  entire.  Flowers  pedunculate, 


A,  Flower  about  to  open  x  |. 

B,  Flower  with  calyx  and  corolla  cut 

away,    showing    staminal    tube 
enclosing  pistil,  X  §. 

C,  Pistil  with  ovary  cut  lengthwise, 

nat.  size. 


Fig.  55. — Gossypium  barbadense  L. 

D,  Capsule   open,    showing   mass    of 

cotton,  x  |. 

E,  Seed  with  cotton  attached  X  3. 

F,  Seed     cut     lengthwise,     showing 

twisted  embryo,  x  1J. 


Gossypium  MALVACEAE  147 

solitary,  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves,  large,  yellow  to  purple. 
Bracteoles  of  involucel  3,  large,  cordate,  usually  cut  above  into 
narrowly  lanceolate  acuminate  segments.  Calyx  truncate  or 
3-5-toothed  or  -crenate.  Ovary  3-5-celled ;  each  cell  with  an 
indefinite  number  of  ovules  attached  at  the  central  angle ;  style 
with  thickened  apex  with  3-5  furrows  and  3-5  stigmas.  Capsule 
splitting  loculicidally.  Seeds  sometimes  adhering  together  in  a 
kidney-shaped  mass,  more  often  free,  covered  with  long  hairs 
(lint,  cotton)  or  with  very  short  hairs  (fuzz),  or  more  or  less 
with  both,  fuzz  and  lint  of  a  rusty  colour  or  white,  and  fuzz 
sometimes  greenish  ;  cotyledons  with  many  folds,  usually  black- 
spotted,  with  auricles  at  the  base  rolled  round  the  straight 
radicle.  Cotton  of  commerce. 

Species,  according  to  Todaro,  54,  which  probably  should  be 
reduced  to  about  10,  natives  of  tropics  and  subtropics. 

Seeds  in  each  cell  of  the  capsule  united  into  a  kidney- 
shaped  mass 1.  G.  lapideum. 

Seeds  free. 

Bracteoles  dentate,  united  at  base.      Leaves  with 
lobes  narrow,  oblong-lanceolate.    Seeds  covered 

with  fuzz  2.  G.  arboreum. 

Bracteoles   deeply   cut   into  lanceolate    acuminate 
segments,  free  or  almost  free  at  base.     Leaves 
with  lobes  deltoid  to  ovate  or  oblong. 
Seeds   covered   with  fuzz ;    lint  firmly  adherent. 

Leaves  villose  or  hirsute  beneath  or  glabrous  3.  G.  hirsutum. 
Seeds   covered,  or   only   partially   covered,  with 
fuzz ;  lint  firmly  adherent.     Leaves  usually 

tomentose  beneath 4.  G.  peruvianum. 

Seeds  with  only  a  small  portion  of  the  surface 
covered  with  fuzz ;  lint  easily  separable. 
Leaves  more  or  less  glabrous. 

Lateral  lobes  of  leaf  longer  than  body  of  leaf  ...  5.  G.  barbadense. 
Lateral  lobes  shorter  than  body 6.   G.  purpurascens. 

1.  G.  lapideum  Tussac  FL  Ant.  ii.  67  (1818).  G.  brasiliense 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  72  (1837)  ;  Tod.  Eelaz.  Monogr.  Goss.  265,  it.  9,  12, 
/.  34 ;  Watt  Wild  &  Cult.  Cott.  295,  t.  50.  G.  acuminatum  Roxb. 
FL  Ind.  186  (1832) ;  WujU  III.  Ind.  Bot.  i.  57,  t.  27.  G.  barba- 
dense var.  a  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  86  (1859).  G.  religiosum 
Par/.  Sp.  Cot.  54,  t.  4  (1866)  (in  part,  excl.  many  syn.)  ;  GtirJce 
in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  583  (in  part,  excl.  many  syn.)  (noil  .L.). 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  without  name. 

Chain  Cotton,  Kidney  Cotton. 

Houstoun\  St.  Mary,  McXabl  Hall's  Deligbt ;  Mavis  Bank;  Harris  I 
FL  Jam.  5255. — S.  America,  cult,  throughout  tropics. 

Shrub,  4-5  ft.  higb,  or  small  tree,  pubescent,  hirsute,  or  glabrate. 
Leaves  10-17  cm.  1.,  with  4  or  5  (3)  lobes;  lobes  ovate  or  ovate-oblong, 
acuminate.  Peduncles  with  a  gJand  at  apex  below  each  bracteole. 
Bracteoles  nearly  as  long  as  or  longer  than  petals,  broadly  cordate,  cut 
into  9-13  segments,  often  with  long  hair-like  points.  Capsule  :  valves  3(-5), 

L  2 


14S  FLORA   <)K   JAMAICA  Gk 

ovate-oblong,    acuminate,  pit-marked.      »S  mi  ted   together   into   one 

mass,  naked,  with  white  lint. 


2.  G.  arboreum  L.  Sj>.  PI.  (V.).0,  (1753);  Mixt.  ///  Fl.  7Y.r. 
Afr.  i.  21  1  A-  ///  Hook.  /'.  ri.  Br.  Lid.  /'.  347  :  \\'«tt  torn.  cit.  (incl. 
vars.)  81.  G.  herbaceum  itc.  P////,-.  /%/.  188,  ./'.  3.  G. 
spenmim  J\Licf.  J<un.  /'.  71  (ls.'»7).  (!.  neglectum  Tor/. 
Cut.  :'..")  (1863)  it  Itelo::.  3Lnunjr.  Goss.  H>t).  Type  inKrrl>.  Linn. 
Plukcnet's  specimens  in  Herb.  Sloane  (xcvi.  59,  c.  107). 

Tree  Cotton. 

Liguanea  plain,  Macfadyen;  near  Rock  Fort,  Thompson  !—  In  gardens 
in  most  tropical  countries. 

Shrub  or  tree,  6-15  ft.  high;  young  portions  pubescent.  Leaves  5-8 
cm.  L,  deeply  3-5(7)-lobed  or  entire;  lobes  oblong-lanceolate,  mucronate. 
Peduncles  without  glands  at  apex.  Bractcoles  with  3-5  (7)  lanceolate  teeth 
at  apex  or  nearly  entire,  obviously  united  at  base.  Capsule  3-4-celled, 
'2-3  cm.  L,  rough.  Seeds  covered  with  fuzz,  lint  firmly  attached. 


3.  G.  hirsutum  L.  %  PL  ed.  2,  975  (1763)  &  Nant.  436; 
ill.  Diet.  ed.   8  ;    Sw.   Ols.  Sot.   265  (we  take  "  semma  adhse- 

rentia"  to  mean  adhering  to  the  lint  in  contrast  to  "facile 
separanda"  of  G.  barbadense)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  74  ;  Griscl).  FL  Br. 
W.  Ind.  86  ;  ParL  Sp.  Cot.  41,  t.  5  ;  'Tod.  Belaz.  Monorjr.  Cot.  210  ; 
Gurke  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  581  &  hi  Urb.  Syml.  Ant.  ii:  402  ; 
Watt  Wild  <(•  Cult.  Cott.  183.  G.  procerius  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
282  ;  A.  Hob  in  son  Ic.  ined.  G.  tricuspidatum  Lam.  Encyc.  ii.  135 
(1786);  Tussac  FL  Ant.  ii.  65,  t.  17.  G.  religiosum  L.  Syst.  ed. 
12,  462  (1767)  ct  Herb.  G.  punctatum  Sclium.  d1  Thonn.  Beskr. 
Guin.  PL  in  Vid.  Sel  Skr.  Copenli.  iv.  83  (1829);  Britt.  &  MiUsp. 
Bah.  FL  274  ;  Watt  op.  cit.  168  (1907)  (incl.  vars.).  G.  jamaicense 
Jlacf.  Jam.  i.  73  (1837).  filler's  specimen  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Short  Staple  Cottons. 

McNab  !  Montego  Bay,  Parnell  !  Bull  Bay  road,  Thompson  !  Sea-coast 
between  Portland  Point   and   Kocky  Point,  Harris  !    Fl.  Jam.  10,17'J.— 
Tropical  America  and  Africa. 

Shrub,  4-15  ft.  high,  usually  villose  or  hirsute  with  long  spreading 
simple  and  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  4-12(-15)  cm.  L,  broadly  and  somewhat 
shallowly  cordate,  with  3(-5)  lobes,  or  sometimes  entire,  glabrous  on  upper 
surface  or  with  a  few  simple  hairs  near  base,  hirsute  or  villose  beneath, 
especially  at  base  on  the  nerves,  with  one  gland  beneath  ;  lobes  short, 
deltoid  to  ovate  and  usually  shortly  acuminate,  more  or  less  ascending  ; 
petioles  nearly  as  long  as  the  blade,  villose  ;  stipules  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
1  cm.  1.  or  more.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  petiole.  Bracteoles  3-5  (6) 
cm.  L,  shorter  than  the  petals  and  capsule,  more  or  less  hairy  outside, 
broadly  cordate  ovate,  cut  into  9-13  segments.  Petals  pale  lemon-yellow 
or  yellow,  changing  to  pink,  rarely  with  a  purple  spot  at  base.  Capsule  : 
valves  3  or  4,  ovate-elliptical,  acuminate,  rough.  Seeds  covered  with  fuzz, 
greenish  or  rusty,  and  white  silky  lint,  firmly  adherent. 

4.  G.  peruvianum  Car.  Diss.  313,  t.  168  (1788);  ParL  Sp. 
Cot.  54  (under   G.  religiosum)  ;   Tod.  JRclaz.  Moiwyr.   Goss.   240  ; 
Watt  Wild  &  Cult.  Cott.  213. 


Gossypiiim  MALVACEAE  149 

South  American  Cottons. 

Sloanc  vi.  65,  66  !   Wric/Jit ! — Tropical  America  and  Africa. 

Leaves  7-9  cm.  1.,  cordate,  3— 5-lobed  or  entire,  usually  tomentose  and 
with  1  or  3  glands  beneath;  lobes  ovate  to  ovate-oblong,  usually  acute, 
mucronate.  Peduncles  with  a  gland  at  apex  below  each  bracteole. 
Bracteules  much  shorter  than  petals,  about  as  long  as  capsule,  cut  into 
about  9-11  segments.  Capsule  :  valves  3,  abruptly  acuminate,  pit-marked. 
Seeds  free,  covered  or  only  partially  covered  with  fuzz,  lint  firmly  adherent. 

5.  G.  barbadense  L.  Sp.  PL  693  (1753):  Sir.  Obs.  Bot.  266 ; 
Bot.  Becj.  t.  84  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  73  ;  Griseb.  'Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  86  ; 
Parl.  Sp.  Cot.  48,  /.  3 '(excl.  most  syn.) ;  Tod.  op.  cit.  234;  Bentl. 
&  Trim.  Ned.  PL  i.  t.  37  ;  Gurke  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  582, 
t.  114 ;  Watt  op.  cit.  265  &  var.  maritimum.  275  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp. 
Bali.  Fl.  274.  G.  maritimum  Tod.  Oss.  Cot.  83  (1862)  &  Behiz. 
Monogr.  Goss.  225,  it.  7,  8,  11, /.  27-30,  12, /.  31.  G.  frutescens 
.  .  .barbadense  Pluk.  Pltyt.  t.  188,  /.I.  G.  frutescens.  .  .  Provi- 
dentise  Pink.  Phyt.  t.  188,  /.  2.  (Fig.  55.)  Plukenet's  specimens 
in  Herb.  Sloane  (c.  105,  xcvi.  60). 

Sea  Island  and  Long  Staple  Cottons. 

Davids  Hill,  Faiccett ! — West  Indies  and  tropical  continental  America. 

Shrub,  3-S(-15)  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-14(-16)  cm.  L,  cordate,  3-5-lobed  or 
entire,  lobes  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  ascending.  Bracteoles 
shorter  than  petals,  broadly  cordate,  usually  with  few  (3-7)  segments. 
Capsule:  valves  3  (rarely  4),  ovate,  acuminate,  pit-marked.  Seeds  free, 
naked ;  lint  long,  white,  easily  separable. 

6.  G.  purpuraseens  Poir.  Encyc.  Suppl.  ii.  369  (1811);  Macf. 
Jam.  i.  73 ;  Tod.  Relaz.  Monoyr.  Goss.  244  ;  Watt  op.  cit.  250. 

Bourbon  Cotton. 

Liguanea,  Macf  ad  y  en ;  between  Portland  Point  and  Rocky  Point, 
Britton,  1896 !— Tropics. 

Shrub  or  tree,  15  to  20  ft.,  branches  purpurascent.  Leaves  3-lobed, 
1-glandular  ;  lobes  shortly  ovate,  with  apex  spreading  outwards.  Peduncle 
with  3  large  glands  at  apex.  Bracteoles  nearly  as  long  as  petals  and  some- 
what longer  than  capsule,  cut  into  5-7  segments  at  apex.  Seeds  naked, 
with  lint  easily  separable. 

FAMILY   LXV.     BOMBACACE^E. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  digitate,  or  simple ;  stipules  free, 
very  soon  falling.  Peduncles  1 -flowered,  axillary  or  subterminal, 
solitary  or  in  clusters.  Involucel  of  3  bracteoles  present  in 
Ochroma.  Calyx  generally  closed  in  bud,  bursting  at  apex  in 
flowering  and  then  cup-sliaped,  truncate  or  sinuate  with  irregular 
lobes,  sometimes  5-cleft,  persistent.  Petals  5,  often  adherent  at 
base  to  the  staminal  column.  Stamens  generally  indefinite, 
united  into  one  or  several  bundles  ;  staminal  column  divided 
somewhat  high  up  or  close  to  the  base  into  5  branches,  each 
bearing  1,  2,  or  more  anthers,  or  subentire  with  anthers  covering 
the  column.  Anthers  with  1,  2,  or  more  cells,  globose,  linear,  or 


150  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Ceiba 

in  horseshoe-shaped  curves  ;  pollen  not  spiny.  Pistil  in  5  (2-3) 
parts.  Ovary  5(l)-celled,  each  cell  with  an  indefinite  number 
of  ovules,  attached  at  the  inner  angle  ;  style  entire  or  divided 
into  as  many  very  short  branches  as  ovary-cells.  Capsule  usually 
splitting  loculicidally  by  5  valves,  the  carpels  not  separating, 
<  »ften  packed  with  wool,  a  development  of  the  endocarp.  Endosperm 
scanty,  wanting,  or  fleshy.  Cotyledons  twisted,  folded,  or  flat. 
Species  more  tha,n  100,  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Leaves  compound,  digitate 1.  Ceiba. 

Leaves  simple    2.  Ochroma. 

1.  CEIBA  Gaertn. 

Trees  with  or  without  prickles.  Leaves  digitate,  leaflets 
generally  3-7,  entire.  Staminal  column  divided  into  5  branches, 
each  bearing  2  or  3  anthers,  simulating  a  single  anther.  Style 
thickened  at  the  apex,  5-cornered.  Capsule  woody  or  leathery, 
the  cells  inside  very  densely  woolly.  Seeds  obovoid  or  globular, 
wrapped  in  the  wool  of  the  endocarp ;  endosperm  very  little  or 
none ;  cotyledons  very  much  twisted  in  the  folds,  enclosing  the 
incurved  radicle. 

Species  9  or  10,  all  natives  of  tropical  America  except  one 
which  is  Asiatic  and  African. 

C.  pentandra  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  244,  t.  133  (1791);  K.  Schum. 
in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pi.  3,  209  ;  Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb, 
viii.  Ill,  t.  24;  Howe  in  Torreya  m.  217,  with  illustrations;  Urb. 
Sijmb.  Ant.  iv.  403&viii.  428  ;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  241 ;  Britt,  &  Millsp. 
Bah.  FL  274.  C.  Casearia  Medic.  Malv.  Fam.  16  (1787);  Britt.  & 
E.  G.  Bait,  in  Journ.  Bot.  xxxiv.  173.  Gossipium  arboreum  &e. 
Sloane  Cat.  159  &  Hist.  ii.  72.  Bombax  foliis  digitatis,  brachiis 
erecto-pateiitibus,  &  B.  .  .  .  porrectis  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  277. 
B.  pentandrum  L.  Sp.  PL  511  (1753);  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer. 
191,  t.  176,  f.  70  cfe  Ed.pict.  93,  t.  182  ;  Cav.  in  Lam.  EncijcL  ii. 
551  &  Diss.  v.  293,  t.  151;  Wright  Mem.  284;  Descourt.  FL 
Ant.  iv.  64,  t.  247  ;  Prain  in  Journ.  As.  Soc.  Beng.  Ixii.  pt.  2,  66. 
B.  aculeatum  L.  Si/st.  ed.  10,  1141  &  Amosn.  v.  380  (in  part). 
B.  inerme  L.  loc.  cit.  (in  part).  B.  ceiba  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  243 
(1814)  (non  L.).  B.  orientale  Spreng.  Si/st.  Hi.  124  (1826). 
B.  occidentale  Spreng.  loc.  cit.  Eriodendron  anfractuosum  DC. 
Prodr.  i.  479  (1824) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  92  ;  Gosse,  Naturalist's  Sojourn 
in  Jamaica  271,  499;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  88;  Watt 'Diet. 
Econ.  Prod.  Ind.  (Fig.  56.) 

Silk-cotton  Tree,  Ceiba. 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  67  !  Wright !  Distin !  Moneague,  Prior  !  between  Hope 
and  Gordon  Town,  Fawcett !  Hope  grounds,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  8448, 12,333  ; 
Bog  Walk,  Hitchcock  ;  Montego  Bay ;  Spanish  Town ;  Ridley ! — Introduced 


Ceiba 


BOMBACACE.E 


151 


in    Bermuda    and   Bahamas,   native   in  West   Indies,   Central  America, 
northern  S.  America,  trop.  Africa  and  Asia. 

Tree  to  150  ft.  high  and  40  ft.  and  more  in  circumference  ;  trunk  while 
young  commonly  swollen  above  the  base,  covered  with  green  bark  and 
armed  with  strong  spines,  young  branches  also  spiny,  branching  sometimes 


D 


Fig.  56.— Ceiba  pentandrci  Gaertn. 

A,  Leaf  x  $.  E,  Ripe  capsule  with  part  cut  away 

B,  Flower  x  |.  to  show  seeds  X  i. 

C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise.  F,  Seed  x  4. 

D,  Section  of  ovary  X  4.  G,  Ditto    cut    lengthwise    showing 

crumpled  embryo. 

low  down,  sometimes  at  a  great  height  (50-80  ft.) ;  branches  horizontal, 
generally  3  or  4  on  the  same  plane,  wide  spreading  to  a  great  length  and 
often  contorted,  bearing  an  immense  quantity  of  epiphytes ;  buttresses 
developed  at  the  base  of  the  trunk  to  the  large  roots,  often  stretching  out 
even  to  12  or  15  ft.,  and  extending  upwards  even  to  12  ft.,  but  with  a 
uniform  thickness  of  a  few  (6-12)  inches.  Leaflets  5-7  (8),  lanceolate  or 


152  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Ceiba 

oblong.  Calyx  1-1 '5  cm.  1.  Petals  2'  5-4  cm  1.,  pale  rose-colour  tinged  with 
purple,  covered  outside  with  white  tomentum.  Capsule  11-16(-30)  cm.  1., 
4-5  cm.  in  diam.,  oblong-ellipsoidal  or  obovoid.  Seeds  4-6  mm.  in  diam. 

We  are  unable  to  separate  specifically  the  New  and  Old  World 
specimens,  which  apparently  include  a  number  of  geographical  forms. 

The  Silk-cotton  Tree  drops  its  leaves  in  the  late  autumn  or  winter 
months,  but  flowers  only  in  alternate  years.  In  a  flowering  season  the 
leaves  drop  off  usually  in  November  or  December,  and  immense  quantities 
of  blossoms  appear  in  January  or  February  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 
The  seed-pods  are  well  developed,  sometimes  even  ripe,  before  the  young 
leaves  appear  again  in  April  or  May.  In  the  following  season,  when  flowers 
are  not  produced,  the  young  leaves  appear  as  early  as  the  end  of  January, 
so  that  in  this  case  the  tree  is  not  without  leaves  very  long.  This  alter- 
nation usually  affects  the  whole  tree,  but  sometimes  one  side  of  the  tree 
flowers,  while  the  other  is  full  of  leaf  without  flowers,  and  vice  versa  the 
following  season.  The  leaves  occasionally  fall  as  early  as  the  end  of  July. 
(Gosse.) 

The  wood  is  soft  and  subject  to  the  attacks  of  insects,  but  Macfadyen 
states  that  if  it  is  steeped  in  strong  lime  water  it  will  last  for  several  years 
even  when  made  into  boards  or  shingles,  and  in  situations  exposed  to  the 
influence  of  the  weather.  Young  branches  grow  when  planted  in  the 
ground.  The  trunk  is  sometimes  hollowed  out  to  make  canoes.  The  silky 
wool  from  the  pods  is  exported  as  "  Kapok  "  from  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
•where  the  trees  are  abundant. 

The  Silk-cotton  Tree,  and  also  the  Sea-side  Mahoe  or  John  Bull 
Trees  (Thespesia  populnea),  are  accused  of  harbouring  the  Cotton  Stainer 
(Dysdercus  delauneyi),  and  have  been  destroyed  in  the  West  Indies  where 
cotton  is  cultivated. 

2.  OCHROMA  Sw. 

Trees.  Leaves  simple,  cordate,  subentire,  or  toothed,  or 
angular,  or  lobed.  Involucel  of  3  bracteoles,  very  soon  falling. 
Flowers  large,  stalked,  at  ends  of  branches.  Calyx  5-lobed  ; 
lobes  unequal,  2  with  pointed  apex,  3  rounded  at  apex.  Petals  5. 
Staminal  tube  shortly  5-lobed  at  apex,  covered  from  the  middle 
to  the  apex  with  adnate  anthers ;  anthers  1 -celled,  cohering, 
more  or  less  spirally  twisted.  Ovary  conical,  5-sided ;  style 
cylindrical,  5-sided,  enclosed  in  the  tube  of  the  filaments ;  stigmas  5, 
protruding  beyond  the  anthers,  spirally  twisted  and  furrowed. 
Capsule  elongate,  5-valved,  inside  covered  very  densely  with 
cottony  hairs.  Seeds  many,  enclosed  by  the  cotton  of  the  endo- 
carp,  obovoid  ;  endosperm  fleshy  ;  cotyledons  broad,  with  infolded 
margins ;  radicle  short. 

Species  1,  native  of  "West  Indies,  Central  America,  Colombia 
to  Bolivia,  Venezuela,  Para. 

0.  pyramidale  Urb.  in  Fedcle  Rep.  Beihefte  v.  123  (1920) 
&  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  759.  O.  Lagopus  Sw.  Prodr.  98  (1788), 
K.  Vet.  Acad.  Handl.  xiii.  150,  t.  6,  &  FL  Lid.  Occ.  1144,  t.  23; 
Wright  Mem.  285  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  94 ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  88 ; 
Tr.  <£  Planch,  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xvii.  323  ;  Cook  d  Coll.  in 
Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  viii.  205,  t,  47 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  403  & 


Ocliroma 


BOMBACACE.E 


153 


viii.  429  ;  Britt.  FL  Perm.  241.  O.  tomentosa  Willd.  Enum.  695 
(1809) ;  Tr.  &  Planch,  loc.  tit.  Gossypium  &c.  Pluk.  Phyt.  L  189, 
/.  2.  Hibiscus  arborescens  £c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  286.  Bombax 


D 


\ 


,, 


Fig.  57. — Ochroma  pyramidale  Urb. 

A,  Stamens  and  style.      The    staminal 

tube,  t,  is  cut  open  to  show  the 
style  and  stigmas,  *.  On  the  outside 
of  the  upper  half  of  the  tube  are  the 
twisted  adnate  anthers,  a  X  i. 

B,  Portion   of   unopened    capsule    cut 

across,  reduced. 


C,  Portion  of  a  valve   of  the   capsule, 

somewhat  reduced. 

D,  Endocarp  of  a  valve  with  attached 

cottony  hairs  X  J. 

E,  Seed  x  6. 


pyramidale  Car.  in  Lain.  Encycl.  ii.  552  (1786)  &  Diss.  v.  294, 
t.  153.     (Fig.  57.) 

Cork- wood,  Down  Tree,  Bombast  Mahoe,  Balsa- wood 
(of  continental  America). 

Common  in  the  lower  mountains  and  in  damp  situations ;  Wright ! 
Macfadyen ;  Manchester,  Purdie !  Wilson !  Port  Morant,  Hitchcock ; 
Schwallenburgh,  St.  Ann,  1800  ft. ;  Castleton  district,  500  ft. ;  Harris ! 
Fl.  Jam.  11,962. — Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree,  20-60  ft.  high ;  growth  very  rapid,  attaining  its  full  height  in 
12  to  11  years,  and  even  in  half  that  time  under  favourable  conditions. 
Leaves  1-3  '5  dm.  1.  Involucel  l'5-2  cm.  1.  Calyx  7-9  crn.  1.  Petals 
12-14  cm.  1.,  pale  reddish  or  yellowish  colour.  Stigmas  about  2'5  cm.  1., 


1"4  FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA  OcJiroma 

protruding  beyond  the  anthers.  Capsule  3  dm.  1.  and  more  ;  when  mature, 
the  outer  husk  falls  off,  and  the  down  expands,  and  looks  somewhat  like  a 
hare's  foot,  whence  Swartz's  specific  name.  It  contains  a  large  quantity  of 
silky  cotton-like  fibres  of  a  pale  reddish  colour.  Wood  white  stained  with 
red,  luminous,  sometimes  silky.  It  is  very  porous  and  absorbent  of  water, 
the  lightest  of  all  woods,  lighter  even  than  true  cork ;  when  dry,  this 
wood  has  a  weight  of  only  7'3  Ib.  per  cub.  ft.,  while  cork  weighs  13 '7  Ib. 
per  cub.  ft. 

Although  the  wood  is  used  as  floats  for  nets  and  to  make  rafts  (balsa  is 
Spanish  for  raft),  it  absorbs  water  rapidly  and  soon  becomes  water-logged ; 
but  a  water-proofing  process  has  been  invented  which  makes  the  wood 
non-absorbent,  so  that  it  retains  its  buoyancy  longer  than  cork.  It  is. 
particularly  well  adapted  for  insulating  purposes.  During  the  war  atten- 
tion was  first  directed  to  its  use  in  aeroplanes,  and  for  lifeboats,  and  life- 
rafts  used  in  men-of-war,  as  well  as  transports  ;  while  special  refrigerating 
tracks,  with  balsa  as  the  insulating  material,  wrere  used  in  France.  In 
constructing  the  submarine  mine  barrage  in  the  North  Sea,  250  miles  long, 
80,000  floats  made  of  balsa  wood  were  used.  The  cotton-like  fibres  are 
used  for  stuffing  pillows  and  mattresses.  There  is  a  specimen  of  the  plant 
collected  by  Dr.  Wm.  Wright  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  to  which  is  attached  a 
piece  of  cloth  "made  of  3  parts  of  Spanish  wool  and  1  part  of  the  down 
of  OcJiroma."  See  Agric.  News  vi.  253  (1907);  xvii.  206,  357  (1918); 
xx.  147  (1921). 


FAMILY  LXYI.     STERCULIACE^E. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  commonly  with  stellate  hairs, 
sometimes  mixed  with  simple  hairs.  Leaves  alternate  or  very 
rarely  subopposite,  sometimes  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed, 
sometimes  digitately  3— 9-foliolate.  Stipules  usually  present  and 
soon  falling.  Inflorescence  axillary  or  more  rarely  terminal, 
racemose,  or  cymose-paniculate,  or  reduced  to  solitary  flowers. 
Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite,  rarely  unisexual.  Calyx  generally 
persistent,  with  5  (4-3)  valvate  lobes.  Petals  5,  hypogynous, 
twisted-overlapping  in  bud,  often  marcescent-persistent,  or 
wanting.  Stamens  generally  more  or  less  united  into  a  tubular 
column ;  the  column  generally  divided  at  the  apex  into  5  teeth 
or  lobes  (staminodes)  which  alternate  with  the  petals,  and 
bearing  in  the  bays  between  the  teeth  or  lobes  solitary  anthers 
or  2-5  (or  more)  together ;  sometimes  the  apex  of  the  tube 
entire  and  bearing  anthers,  either  15  (10)  crowded  without 
order  (Sterculia)  or  10-12  in  a  simple  series  in  a  ring  (Cold); 
sometimes  stamens  5,  opposite  the  petals,  united  at  the  base  or 
beyond  the  middle  (MelocMa,  Waltherid).  Ovary  free,  carpels 
more  or  less  united,  2-5-celled,  or  reduced  to  a  single  carpel 
(Walilieria).  Ovules  2  to  many  (1)  in  each  cell,  attached  to  the 
interior  angle,  anatropous.  Styles  as  many  as  the  carpels,  or 
more  or  less  united,  or  combined  into  one  style.  Fruit  dry  or 
somewhat  rarely  fleshy  outside,  the  carpels  sometimes  united 
into  a  capsule  either  opening  loculicidally  or  woody  and  not 
opening,  sometimes  separating  into  cocci  either  not  opening  or 


Hdictcrcs  STEECULIACE.E 

opening  by  two  valves  or    along   the  ventral  line.     Seeds  not 
woolly,  testa  various. 

Species  more  than  1000,  most  of  them  found  in  the  tropics  or 
in  S.  Africa  and  extra-tropical  Australia,  and  extending  into  the 
southern  United  States. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.     Petals  present. 
Petals  soon  falling. 

Petals  flat.     Gonophore  very  long   1.  Hdictcrcs. 

Petals  hooded. 

Petals  with  a  linear  2-cleft  appendage    2.  Gnazuma.^ 

Petals  with  a  spathulate  appendage    3.  Theobroma. 

Petals  without  appendage  or  with  a  stalked  gland  ...  4.  Ayenia. 
Petals  withering  without  falling  off,  flat. 

Ovary  5-celled   5.  Melochia. 

Ovary  1-celled   C.   Waltlicria. 

Flowers  unisexual  or  polygamous.     Petals  wanting. 

Seeds  with  endosperm 7.  Sterculia. 

[Seeds  without  endosperm Cola.'] 

1.  HELICTERES  L. 

Small  trees,  shrubs,  or  undershrubs,  with  stellate  hairs  or 
tomentum.  Leaves  serrate,  crenate,  somewhat  lobed,  or  entire. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary  or  in  clusters.  Calyx  2-lipped  or 
tubulose  with  5-cleft  apex.  Petals  5,  Hat,  unequal  or  equal, 
clawed,  auriculate  on  the  claws.  Gonophore  longer  than  the 
calyx,  curved,  forming  a  sort  of  noose  above  the  calyx  before  the 
flower  is  fully  expanded.  Staminal  tube  rarely  and  then  only 
slightly  developed.  Stamens  6,  8,  10,  or  indefinite;  filaments 
slightly  united  in  pairs  at  base  ;  anther-cells  2,  diverging, 
sometimes  confluent  into  one.  Staminodes  between  the  pairs  of 
stamens  nearer  the  centre.  Ovary  with  5  styles  cohering  or 
free,  5-celled,  with  many  ovules  near  the  inner  angle.  Fruit 
spiral  or  sometimes  straight,  composed  of  5  follicular  carpels, 
splitting  open  along  the  inner  seam.  Seeds  small,  ovoid, 
flattened  above  and  below  by  mutual  pressure ;  endosperm 
scanty ;  embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  foliaceous,  folded  round 
the  inferior  radicle. 

Species  45,  natives  of  the  tropics  (excl.  Africa),  chiefly 
American. 

H.  jamaieensis  Jacg.  Enuni.  30  (1760),  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  235, 
t.  179,  f.  99,  Ed.pict.  t.  226,  &  Hort.  Vlndob.  ii.  67,  t.  143  ;  Sw. 
Proar/98.  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  1156  ;  Eeichb.  Ic.  &  Descr.  PL  i.  t.  48, 
/.  1  ;  Descourt.  FL  Ant.  ui.  102,  t.  407  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  89  ;  Griseb. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ind,  89  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  407  &  viii.  433  ;  Britf.  & 
Millsp.  Bali.  FL  276.  H.  arbor  ind.  Occident.  &c.  Pluk.  Pliyt. 
L  245,  /.  3.  H.  Isora  var.  (3  L.  Sp.  PL  963  (1753)  ;  H.  villosa 
&c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  330,  Eliret.  Icon.  ined.  85.  H.  barbadensis 


156 


FLORA    <)K    JAMAICA 


Helich 


Jacq.  tfnum.  :;s  (17(16).  H.  brevior  Mill.  JJ'tH.  ed.  8,  L768. 
11.  J.is  Northrop  )L-n,.  Ton:  <'/„!>  ,-//.  50,  t.  11  (190L1). 

Abutilo  allinis  Arc.  S/»<ttir  Oaf.  (J7  &  Hixt.  I.  220.  I^ura... 
rra^iori  Pln,ii.  (im.  -4.  f.  37.  (Fi.ic.  •">*.)  Specimen  from  I5n>\\  ae 
in  Herb.  Linn.  named  by  Linnanis  If.  Isoru. 

-     i-  e  \v  T  r  e  e. 

In  11.  May  to  Dec.;  Red  Hills,  Sloanc  iv.  61!  near  Kingston  (seeds) 
.  l',roiL-nc\  Wr'ujlit\  Broughton\  Masson\  Macfadi/cnl  banks  of 
Yallahs  R.,  Purdicl  March\  base  of  L.-n-'  Mt.,  :-J">0  ft.,  'Campbell  I  Wind- 
ward Road,  Fawcettl  Hall's  Delight;  Watson's  Hill,  1000  ft.;  near 


E 


B 


Fig.  58. — Hellcteres  jamaicensis  Jacq. 

A,  Bud  of  flower  just  opening  cut  D,  Apex  of  gonophore  with  stamens 

lengthwise,  nat.  size.  and  pistil  x  4. 

B,  Flower,  nat.  size.  E,  Stamen  x  b. 
0,  Petals,  nat.  size.  F,  Fruit  x  jj. 

Wareka;  near  Letitz,  500ft. ;  Long  Mt.,  800  ft. ;  Great  Goat  Is.;  Cane  R. 
valley,  300  ft.  ;  Grove  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6155,  6314,  6582,  7262,  8865,  9342, 
9632. — Bahamas,  West  Indies  as  far  south  as  St.  Martin,  Central  America. 
Slirub  or  tree,  4  to  15  ft.  high  ;  twigs  densely  tomentose.  Leaves 
4-20  cm.  1.,  ovate-elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  usually  acute  or  acuminate 
and  rather  deeply  cordate,  often  unequal  at  base,  unequally  crenate- 
toothed,  pubescent  or  tomentose  on  upper  surface,  tomentose  beneath  ; 
petioles  short,  tomentose ;  stipules  tomentose,  awl-shaped.  Peduncles 
terminal  or  axillary,  tomentose,  few-flowered,  1*5-3  cm.  1. ;  pedicels 
•5-1 '5  cm.  1.,  glandular  at  junction  with  peduncle.  Calyx  1*5-2  cm.  1., 
densely  tomentose,  bell-shaped,  2-lipped,  unequally  5-toothed;  base  inside 
thickened.  Petals  longer  than  the  calyx,  white,  differing  in  form,  unequal- 
sided,  oblong,  more  or  less  auricled  at  base.  Gonophore  about  7-8  cm.  1., 


Helicteres  STERCULIACE^E  157 

curved,  villose.  Stamens  10,  with  short  filaments  ;  staminodes  5.  Ovary 
tomentose-villose  on  surface  not  covered  by  staminodes.  Style  5-furrowed, 
with  5-cleft  stigma.  Carpels  5,  twisted  nearly  round  twice  so  as  to  show 
8-10  threads,  becoming,  when  quite  ripe,  more  or  less  free  at  apex  for 
about  1  cm.  Seeds  numerous. 

Jacquin  described  this  species  from  3  small  trees  grown  in  the  Vienna 
botanic  garden  from  seeds  which  he  collected  near  Kingston,  Jamaica,  in 
1757,  and  sowed  in  a  hothouse  in  1770. 


2.    GUAZUMA  Adans. 

Trees,  with  tornentum  of  stellate  hairs  or  glabrescent. 
Leaves  unequally  toothed,  often  oblique,  stipulate.  Cymes 
axillary.  Flowers  small.  Calyx  2-3-parted.  Petals  5,  hooded- 
concave,  apex  2-cleft,  bearing  a  terminal  linear  2-cleft  appendage. 
Staminal  column  with  5  staminodes  alternate  with  the  petals, 
acuminate ;  anthers  with  2  diverging  cells,  2  or  3  together 
between  the  staminodes.  Ovary  5-lobed,  5-celled,  with  numerous 
ovules  in  each  cell ;  styles  more  or  less  united.  Fruit  sub- 
globose,  woody,  tuberculose-spiny  or  with  very  long  soft  plumose 
bristles,  not  opening  or  with  apex  imperfectly  loculicidally 
5-valved.  Seeds  with  endosperm ;  embryo  slightly  curved ; 
cotyledons  leaf-like,  inflexed-folded ;  radicle  very  near  the  hilum. 
Bastard  Cedar. 

Species  5,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America. 

G.  ulmifolia  Lam.  Encycl.  Hi.  52  (1789)  ;  St.  Hil.  PL  Usudles 
ft.  47,  48 ;  St.  Hil.  et  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  2,  xviii.  31  ;  Des- 
court.  FL  Ant.  ii.  73,  t,  85  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  99  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.  91  ;  K.  Sclmm.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  80  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  ir. 
407  &  viii.  432.  G.  tomentosa  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  d-  Sp.  v.  320 
(1823);  Eich.  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  74;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  90; 
Mast,  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  i.  37 5  ;  Urb.  loc.  cit.  G.  bubroma 
Tuss.  Fl.  Ant.  iv.  69,  t.  24  (1827).  G.  Guazuma  Cocker  ell  in  Bull, 
Torr.  Bot.  CL  xix.  95  (1892);  Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat. 
Herb.  viii.  155,  t.  36;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  242.  Cenchrarnidea 
jamaicensis  morifolia  &c.  Pink.  Phyt.  t.  77,  /.  2  &  Aim.  92.  Alni 
fructu,  morifolia  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  135  &  Hist.  ii.  18.  Theobroma 
Guazuma  L.  %  PL  782  (1753);  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.  291;  fieliq. 
Houst.  t.  14  ;  Wright  Mem.  286.  T.  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
306.  T.  foliis  serratis  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  135,  t.  144,  /.  1 
&  Ic.  ined.  t.  300  ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  ined.  (Fig.  59.)  Specimen 
from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  in  Solander's  hand,  with 
drawings  noted  by  J.  E.  Smith  as  "ex  D.  Allemand." 

Bastard   Cedar. 

Sloane  Herb.  v.  64,  65!  Houstoitn\  Brownel  Wright !  Brougliton\ 
Dancer  !  Shakspear  !  Distin  !  McNab  \  Montego  Bay,  Parnell !  ]\Ioneague  ; 
Kingston ;  Prior !  March  \  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  13'J4,  Morris !  also 


158 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


Guazuma 


l  Constant  Spring ;  Porus  ;  Lucea  ;  Port  Antonio  ;  Port  Morant ; 
Hitchcock  ;  Hope,  700  ft. ;  near  Hope,  800  ft. ;  Great  Goat  Is. ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5705,  6829,  6994,  9320,  11,008.— West  Indies,  tropical  continental 
America. 

Tree,  10-50  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-13(-21)  cm.  1.,  very  variable  in  form, 
ovate  to  oblong  or  lanceolate,  base  unequal,  glabrous,  or  more  or  less 
covered  with  minute  hairs  on  upper  surface,  and  more  or  less  tomentose 
beneath.  Inflorescence  paniculate.  Calyx  3-lobed,  tomentose  outside, 
2 '5-3  mm.  1.  Petals  yellow,  narrowed  gradually  to  the  base,  puberulous, 
31 5-4  mm.  1.  ;  appendage  4-4'5  mm.  1.,  cleft  more  than  halfway  down. 
Staminal  column  bell-shaped,  divided  about  one-third  ;  staminodes  lanceo- 
late ;  stamens  2  or  3  together ;  filaments  short.  Styles  united.  Fruit 


Fig.  59. — Guazuma  ulmifolia  Lam. 


A.  Flower  X  4. 

B.  Ditto  with  petals  removed,  showing 

staminal  tube  with  stamens  and 
staminodes,  x  7. 

C.  Portion  of  flower  showing  the  apex 


of  a  petal  with  appendage  lying 
on  a  stamen,  also  ovary  and  style, 
X  7. 

D.  Fruit  cut  across,  nat.  size. 

E,  Embryo  X  11. 


purplish-black,  globose  or  ellipsoidal,  rounded  at  apex  and  base,  pericarp 
tuberculose,  perforated  with  numerous  holes  between  the  tubercles,  2-2' 5 
cm.  1.  Seeds  indefinite  in  each  cell,  in  2  or  3  series,  3-5-4  mm.  1. 

The  Bastard  Cedar  grows  in  both  wet  and  dry  districts  in  Jamaica.  It 
is  encouraged  in  pastures,  as  besides  being  a  shade  tree,  the  foliage  and 
capsules  are  readily  eaten  by  cattle  and  horses,  and  are  of  some  importance 
where  the  grass  is  apt  to  be  burnt  up  in  times  of  drought.  In  this  respect 
it,  is  as  useful  as  the  Bread  Nut  (Brosimum  Alicastrum  Sw.).  The 
capsules,  coarsely  bruised,  are  often  given  to  horses  as  a  substitute  for 
corn.  The  timber  is  light,  splits  readily,  and  is  easily  worked  ;  it  has 
been  used  for  the  staves  of  sugar  hogsheads,  and  by  carriage-builders  for 
side  pieces. 

3.  THEOBROMA  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  large,  undivided.  Peduncles  axillary  or 
lateral,  one-flowered  and  clustered,  or  branching  with  numerous 
flowers.  Flowers  small.  Calyx  5-partecl.  Petals  5,  hooded-concave, 


Theobfoma 


STERCULIACE.E 


159 


clawed,  with  a  terminal  spathulate  appendage.  Stanrinodes  5, 
opposite  the  sepals,  linear  or  lanceolate  ;  anthers  2  or  3  together 
between  the  starninodes,  with  2  diverging  cells.  Ovary  5-celled, 


Fig.  60. — Theobroma  Cacao  L. 

A,  Portion  of  a  branch  with  flowers  X  §.  E,  Pod  cut  away  below  to  show  seeds 

B,  Flower  X  4.  surrounded  by  pulp  X  i. 

C,  Petal  x  S.  F,  Seed  X  §. 

D,  Staminal  column  partly  cut  to  show  G,  Embryo  X  § . 

pistil  x  5. 

with  numerous  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  fleshy  outside.  Seeds 
covered  with  pulp,  without  endosperm ;  cotyledons  thick,  corru- 
gate ;  radicle  very  short. 

Species  12,  natives  of  tropical  America. 


160  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Theobroma 

T.  Cacao  L.  Sp.  PI.  782  (1753);  Wright  Mem.  239,  276; 
A.  Robinson  Ic.  ined. ;  Descoiirt.  FL  Ant.  iv.  147,  t.  266;  Mftcf. 
Jfi-m.  !.  96  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  91  ;  Bentl.  cO  Trim.  Med.  PL 
t.  38;  K.  Schum.  in  Fl.  Bras,  xii.pt.  3,  72,  t.  16.  Theobroma 
2  &  3  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  306.  Cacao  Sloane  Cat.  134  ct  Hist.  ii.  15, 
//.  v.f.  2,  160.  C.  guianensis  Aubl  PL  Oman.  ii.  682,  t.  275  (1775). 
C.  minus  Gaertn.  Fruct.  ii.  190,  t.  122  (1791).  C.  Theobroma 
Tiissac  FL  Ant.  i.  101,  t.  13  (1808).  (Fig.  60.)  Specimens  of 
leaves  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Cacao,  Cocoa,  Chocolate  Tree. 

Sloane  Herb.  v.  59 ! — Cultivated  and  spontaneous  in  West  Indies  and 
tropical  continental  America,  introduced  into  the  tropical  regions  of  the 
Old  World. 

Tree,  10-25  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-3 '5  dm.  1.,  ovate  or  obovate-oblong, 
acuminate,  somewhat  unequal  at  the  obtuse  or  rounded  base,  entire, 
glabrous;  petiole  2-3  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  :  many-flowered  clusters  on  the 
trunk.  Calyx  divided  almost  to  the  base,  5-6  mm.  1.  Petals :  hood 
2-5  mrn.  1. ;  appendage  5  mm.  1.,  rhomboid-spathulate  with  a  long  claw 
with  a  knee-like  bend.  Staminocles  awl-shaped  ;  stamens  bearing  2  anthers. 

4.  AYENIA  L. 

Herbs  or  undershrubs,  with  stellate  tomentum,  or  hirsute,  or 
glabrescent.  Leaves  serrate.  Flowers  small,  solitary  or  in 
clusters  or  cymes,  in  the  axils.  Calyx  5-parted.  Petals  5,  limb 
hooded-concave,  apex  inflexed  and  affixed  to  the  staminal  tube, 
with  a  very  long  thread-like  claw.  Staminal  tube  with  lobes 
(staminodes)  without  anthers,  alternate  with  the  petals  ;  anthers 
solitary,  between  the  staminodes,  3-celled.  Ovary  stalked, 
5-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell ;  style  simple,  with  stigma  of 
globose  lobes.  Capsule  spiny,  5-coccous ;  cocci  1-seeded,  opening 
along  the  inner  angle.  Seeds  oblong,  narrowing  to  one  end, 
without  endosperm ;  cotyledons  spirally  rolled  round  the  radicle. 

Species  about  40,  natives  of  tropical  America,  including  the 
West  Indies. 

Leaves  serrate. 

Leaves  ovate-cordate,  acuminate,  5-9  cm.  1....  1.  A.  magnet. 

Leaves  oblong  to  roundish,  1-3  cm.  1 2.  A.  pusilla. 

Leaves  entire    3.  A.  Icevigata. 

1.  A.  mag-na  L.  Sijst.  ed.  10,  1247  (1759) ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W. 
Ind.  91  ;  Hemsl.  Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Bot.  i.  134;  Urb.  Sumb.  Ant.  v. 
423,  /.  K-N.  (Fig.  61,  D,  E.)  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

In  fl.  &  fr.  Nov. -March ;  Browne  \  Liguanea  plain ;  Macfadyen ! 
St.  Andrews,  McNab !  March !  Campbell !  Harris  !  Plowden  Hill,  800  ft. ; 
Fort  Clarence  Hill,  50  ft. ;  dry  rocky  hills,  Fort  Henderson ;  Harris ! 
Fl.  Jam.  6085,  6950,  8172,  9539,  10,147.— Mexico,  Colombia,  Venezuela, 
Bonaire  Is. 


Ayenia 


STERCULIACELE 


161 


Shrub,  2-6  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-9  cm.  1.,  ovate-cordate,  acuminate, 
serrate,  pubescent,  soft  to  touch  beneath ;  petiole  nearly  half  as  long  as 
the  limb.  Flowers  white  or  greenish,  in  stalked  umbellate  2-3-flowered 
cymes.  Calyx  2 '5-3  mm.  1.,  divided  to  three-fourths  of  length,  seg- 
ments ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  puberulous  on  outside.  Petals  :  limb 
without  a  gland,  kidney-shaped,  hastate;  claw  much  longer  than  limb. 
Staminal  tube  cup-shaped,  free  from  ovary ;  lobes  erect,  entire.  Ovary 
sessile.  Capsule  5-6  mm.  L,  about  8  mm.  in  diam.,  depressed  globose, 
more  or  less  covered  with  soft  spines,  1-1-5  mm.  1.  Seeds  3-5-4  mm.  1., 
transversely  wrinkled,  with  minute  tubercles,  black. 

2.  A.  pusilla  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1247  (1759) ;  Cav.  Diss.  v.  289, 
t.  147;  Gaertn.  Fruct.  1.  383,  t.  79;  Macf.  Jam.  i,  101;  Griseb. 
Fl.  Dr.  W.  Jml  92  ;  K.  Schum.  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  105,  t.  24  ; 
Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  781;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  278;  Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  406,  v.  423,  /.  A-D,  &  viii.  432.  Urticae  folio 


Fig.  61. — Ayenia  pusilla  L. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and 

flowers  X  |. 

E,  Flower  ;  p,  petals  ;  c,  claw  of  petal ; 
(j,  gland  on  petal  x  6. 


C,  Ditto  with  calyx  and  petals  removed  ; 

st,  stamens  ;  d,  stamiuodes  x  8. 

D,  Capsule  of  A.   magnet  L.   with  one 

carpid  detached  x  2. 

E,  Seed  of  A.  magna  L.  X  4. 


anomala  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  90  &,  Hist.  i.  209,  t.  132.  /.  2.  Ayenia 
L.  in  K.  VetensJc.  Acad,  Handl.  xvii.  23,  t.  2  (1756).  D' Ayenia. 
pusilla  Mill.  Ic.  t.  118  &  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  (Fig.  61,  A-C.) 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

In  fl .  and  fr.  June-Aug. ;  among  low  shrubs  and  grasses  in  savannas  ; 
savanna  of  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  23 1  Browne !  between 
Kingston  and  Rock  Fort,  Broughton !  Two-mile-wood  Pen,  St.  Catherine, 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,069,  12,405.— Florida  Keys  and  Texas  to  California, 
Bahamas,  West  Indies  to  Guadeloupe,  tropical  continental  America. 
V.  M 


Hi-  FL<>UA  <>K  JAMAICA 


abou!  •'.  in.  (ii  1   ft.  hi^h;   .-.terns  mi:  from  :i  perennial  root. 

-   variable    in    lize   and    form.   •  :>   '.',  cm.  1..  ovate,  oblon-,  elliptical,  or 
roundish,  r.s     purple,    Military    <>r     i!-3    together.       (',//;/./• 

nun.  1..  divided  neurly  to  the  base,  segments  ovate-lanceola          ute 
or  acuminate.     I',/<ilx:  claw  a  little  longer  thai]  the  calyx;  limb  n,undish- 
rhomhoid,  J-eleft,  with  a  stalked  oblong  gland  on  bacK,  much  shorter  tl 
the  limb.     Stiuninal  tube  funnel-shaped  above,  tubular  below,  more  or  1 
united  to  the  stalk  of  the  ovary  ;   lobes  erect.  subemarginate.     Ouary  long- 
stalked.     Ciipxuli1   '•''   mm.   1.,  4   mm.   in   diam.,  globose   slightly  flattened 
above,  murieate.     Seeds  slightly  longer  than  '2  mm.,  tuberculatc,  tran-- 
vcrscly  rough. 

3.  A.  Isevigata  Sw.  Prod,-.  97  &  Fl.  Ind.  Ocr.  1131  :  Macf. 
Jam.  /.  101  ;   Grisel.  Fl.  Jir.  I!'.  Lid.  91  ;   Url.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  423, 

/.  E-H. 

In  fl.  Feb.,  I\Iay,  July;  Sicartz  ;  on  Long  Mt.  above  Rock  Fort, 
Brougliton  \  near  Wareka,  Long  Mt.,  500-600  ft.  ;  Albion  Mt.,  St. 
Thomas,  150-200  ft.;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6692,  8932,  9612,  11,867.—  A 
specimen  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  labelled  "America  meridionalis,  li.  Shake- 
spear." 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  10  to  18  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  2-6  cm.  1., 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  entire  ;  petiole  2-4  nini.  1.  Peduncles 
solitary  or  2  together,  very  slender,  red.  Flowers  dark  reddish-brown. 
Calyx  4  mm.  1.,  divided  nearly  to  the  base,  segments  lanceolate,  acute. 
Petals  :  limb  with  2  tail-like  appendages  at  base,  without  a  gland  ;  claw 
about  twice  as  long  as  limb.  Staminal  tube  cup-shaped  above,  tubular 
below  united  with  the  stalk  of  the  ovary  ;  lobes  spreading,  2-cleft.  Capsule 
12-13  mm.  1.,  about  10  mm.  in  diam.,  globose-ellipsoidal,  more  or  less 
covered  with  soft  spines  about  2  mm.  1.  Seeds  6-7  mm.  1.,  oblong, 
narrowing  to  one  end,  surface  rough,  dark  brown. 


5.   MELOCHIA  L. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  stellate  hairs  not  intermixed  with 
simple  hairs.  Leaves  serrate,  narrow,  ovate,  or  broadly  cordate. 
Flowers  usually  small,  sometimes  clustered  in  the  axils  or  in.  a 
spike-like  inflorescence,  sometimes  more  laxly  cymose  or  panicu- 
late, axillary  or  terminal,  hermaphrodite,  heterostyled.  Calyx 
5-lobed  or  5-toothed,  bell-shaped,  enlarged  in  31.  lupulina,  per- 
sistent. Petals  5,  spathulate  or  oblong,  with  roundish  apex, 
narrowed  into  a  claw,  more  or  less  adherent  to  the  stamens 
below,  niarcescent.  Stamens  5,  opposite  the  petals,  united  into 
a  tube  which  is  adherent  below  with  the  claws  of  the  petals, 
rarely  bearing  5  alternate  teeth  or  lobes  (staminodes) ;  anthers 
with  2  parallel  cells.  Ovary  5-cellecl,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell ; 
styles  5,  free  or  more  or  less  united.  Capsule  septicidal  and 
more  or  less  loculicidally  5-valved,  or  loculicidal  only,  5-10-seeded. 
Seeds  ascending,  with  more  or  less  endosperm ;  embryo  straight, 
cotyledons  flat,  radicle  next  the  hilum. 

*^ 

Species    about     90,     growing    in    tropical    and    subtropical 


regions. 


Melochia 


STERCULIACE^E 


163 


Capsule  5-lobed-globose,  composed  of  5  cocci  at  length 
Cocci  slightly  opening  along  the  inner  angle. 

Calyx    enlarged   after    flowering.      Inflorescence 
axillary,    flowers    in    clustered   pedunculate 

corymbs      

Calyx  not  enlarged.    Inflorescence  axillary,  flowers 

subsessile  in  dense  subglobose  clusters 

Cocci  splitting  at  apex  by  2  short  valves.  Inflores- 
cence a  terminal  panicle,  leafless  above,  com- 
posed of  pedunculate  corymbs 

Cocci  splitting  completely  into  2  valves.  Inflores- 
cence a  terminal  interrupted  or  compact  leafy 
spike,  composed  of  dense  axillary  sessile  or  sub- 

sess-ile  clusters 

Capsule  pyramidal,  5-angled. 

Plant  glabrous.     Inflorescence  opposite  the  leaves.,. 
Plant  tomentose. 

Inflorescence  axillary    

Inflorescence  opposite  the  leaves    


separating. 

1.  M.  lupiilina. 

2.  M.  nodiflora. 

3.  M.  vcnosa. 

4.  M.  liirsuta. 

5.  J/.  pyramidata. 

6.  M.  tomentosa. 

7.  M.  crenata. 


1.  M.  lupulina  Sw.  Prodr.  97  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  1141  ; 
inflorescence  axillary,  flowers  in  clustered  pedunculate  corymbs ; 
calyx  much  enlarged  after  flowering  ;  capsule  5-lobed-globose, 


0 


Fig.  62. — Melochia  lapulina  Sw. 

A,  Flower  X  2.  C,  Fruit  x  6. 

B,  Ditto  with    calyx    and  petals  re-        D,  Fruit  of  3f.  nodiflora  S\v.  x  4. 

moved  ;  st,  stamens  ;  s,  styles  x  4.        E,  Fruit  of  M.  tomentosa  L.  x  2. 

composed  of  5  cocci  at  length  separating  and  slightly  opening 
along  the  inner  angle. — Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  94  ;  K.  Sclmm. 
in  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  35.  Mougeotia  inflata  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen. 
&  Sp.  v.  :>:SO,  t.  484  (1822).  Riedleia  inflata  DC.  Prodr.  i.  491 
(1824);  Macf.  J«m.  I.  103.  (Fig.  62,  A-C.) 

Macfadyen  !  Parncll  \  Purdie  !   Wilson  !  near  Morant  Bay,  Prior  !  Port 
Morant,  Hitchcook  ;  Woodstock,  Westmoreland  ;  Kempshot,  1100-1600  ft. ; 

,      9 


104  FI.uUA    OF    JAMAICA 

r  Holland  Bay  ;  Nun-is  !  Phillipsfield,  near  Bowden,  Jlnn-ix  ,(•  ]>,-itt> 
Fl.  Jam.  9831,  10,328,  10,783,  11,955.— Panama,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru. 

II, rb  or  -undtrxl/ntb,  3  ft.  high,  sometimes  with  trailing  branches 
supported  by  other  shrubs  and  growing  to  a  height  of  10  ft.,  puberulous  at 
ends  of  branches.  Leaves  2-9  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acuminate  to  acute,  subcordate 
to  rounded,  serrate,  on  upper  surface  pubescent  with  adpressed  hair-, 
beneath  pubescent  or  subtomentose.  Calyx  4-4 '5  mm.  1.  in  fl.  Pel 
sli.uhtly  longer  than  sepals,  oblong,  shortly  clawed,  white  with  a  yellow 
spot  in  centre.  Filaments  united  to  middle.  Ovary  shortly  stalked; 
styles  distinct.  Fruit  puberulous,  3  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  1'6  mm.  1. 

2.  M.  nodiflora  Sw.  Prodr.  97  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  1139  ; 
inflorescence  axillary,  flowers  subsessile  in  dense  subg^lobose 
clusters ;  capsule  5-lobed-globose,  composed  of  5  cocci  at  length 
separating  and  slightly  opening  along  the  inner  angle. — Grisdi. 
op.  cit.  94  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  405  &  viii.  430  ;  Britt.  &  Mills y. 
Bait.  FL  '111.  Mougeotia  nodiflora  H.  B.  &  K.  torn.  cit.  330 
(1823).  Riedleia  nodiflora  DC.  Prodr.  i.  491  (1824) ;  Macf.  Ja,,,. 
i.  103.  Abutilon  fruticosum  foliis  &c.  Cat.  97  &  Hist.  'i.  219, 
/.  135,  /.  2.  (Fig.  62,  D.) 

St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  59!  Wright  I  Broutjliton\  ShaJ.-<'- 
spcarl  Masson\  Macfadyen\  Lane  I  Kingston;  Mt.  Diablo;  Priori  March1. 
Jcnmanl  Liguanea  plain,  200  ft.,  Campbell  \  near  Ewarton,  1000  ft.; 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6090,  6615,  6697  ;  Kingston,  Both-rock  ;  Constant  Spring  ; 
Bog  Walk ;  Port  Morant ;  Porus ;  Hitchcock. — Bahamas,  West  Indies, 
Central  America,  Colombia,  Bolivia. 

Undcrshrub,  2-6  ft.  high;  glabrate,  but  younger  parts  at  first  puberu- 
lous. Leaves  2-12  cm.  1.,  ovate,  ovate-elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  apex 
acuminate  to  acute,  base  rounded,  truncate,  or  ernarginate,  serrate, 
puberulous  on  nerves  beneath  ;  petioles  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  the 
blade;  stipules  4-5  mm.  1.,  linear-lanceolate.  Calyx  3*5-4  mm.  1. ;  lobes 
triangular-lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate.  Petals  about  4' 5  mm.  1.,  white, 
striped  with  rose,  or  reddish-white,  obovate-oblong,  shortly  clawed. 
Filaments  united  to  apex.  Ovary  sessile;  styles  distinct.  Fruit  pube- 
rulous, nearly  3  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1.,  black. 

3.  M.  pilosa  comb.  nov. ;  inflorescence  a  narrow  terminal 
panicle,  leafless  above,  composed  of  pedunculate  corymbs  :  capsule 
5-lobed-globose,  of  5  cocci  at  length  separating  and  splitting  at 
apex  by  2  short  valves. — M.  veiiosa  Sw.  Prodr.  97  (1788)  t\r 
FL  Ind.  Occ.  1137;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  94;  K.  Sclium.  torn.  cit.  37. 
Mougeotia  polystachya  H.  B.  &  K.  torn.  cit.  328,  tt.  483,  483« 
(1822).  Sid  a  pilosa  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Riedleia  jamaicensis 
DC.  Prodr.  i.  492  (1824).  R,  virgultosa  Macf.  Jam.  i.  104  (1837). 
Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Houstounl  Wright  I  March;  road  to  Constitution  Hill,  1000-1500  ft., 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6815,  9026.— Tropical  S.  America. 

Undcrshrub  to  3  ft.  high  ;  younger  branches  woolly.  Leaves  2-8  cm.  1., 
ovate  to  oblong  or  elliptical  or  lanceolate,  apex  acute  or  obtuse,  base  rounded  ; 
petioles  short ;  stipules  7-8  mm.  1.,  linear-lanceolate.  Calyx  5-5 '5  mm.  1., 
lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate  to  a  long  point.  Petals  6" 5-8  mm.  1.,  obovate, 
clawed,  yellow.  Filaments  united  to  apex.  Ovary  sessile ;  styles  distinct. 
Fruit  villose,  3-4  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1.,  blackish. 


i 


Melochia  STERCULIACE^E  165 

4.  M.  villosa  comb.  nov. ;  inflorescence  a  terminal  interrupted 
or   compact  leafy   spike,   composed   of  dense  axillary   sessile  or 
subsessile  clusters ;  capsule  5-lobed-globose,  of  5  cocci  at  length 
separating  and   splitting  completely  into  2   valves. — M.  hirsuta 
Cav.  Diss.  vi.  323,  t.  175,  /.  1  (1788);  Rich,  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  77; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  94  ;  K.  Sclium.  torn.  cit.  45  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  405 
iAi  viii.  430.     M.  serrata  St.  Nil.  &  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  2, 
.'cviii.  36  (1842);   Griseb.  op.  cit.  93.     Althaea  spicata.  .  .villosis- 
sinio  Sloane  Cat.  97  &  Hist.  i.  218,  t.  138, /.  1.     ISida  villosa  Mill. 
Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).     Riedlea  serrata   Vent.   Clioix  t.  37  (1803); 
3Iacf.  Jam.  i.  104.      Mougeotia  hirsuta  H.  B.  &  K.  torn.  cit.  331 
(1823).     Miller's  type  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Mt.  Diablo,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  55 !  Wright !  St.  Thomas  in  the  Yale, 
Macfadyenl  McNdbl  Purdiel  Moneague ;  Mt.  Diablo;  Priori  March  I 
Bull  Head,  Fawcett !  Oxford,  1200  ft. ;  Kellits,  Clarendon,  2000  ft. ;  Hollis's 
savanna,  Clarendon,  2400  ft. ;  James  Hill  savanna,  2400  ft. ;  Harris ! 
Fl.  Jam.  8468,  9428,  11,151,  12,251,  12,842.— West  Indies,  tropical  conti- 
nental America. 

Undershrub,  3-5  ft.  high,  young  branches  densely  hairy  with  long  hairs 
intermixed  with  short^  Leaves  2-5  cm.  1.,  ovate-oblong  to  ovate-elliptical, 
apex  acute  to  obtuse,  case  rounded  or  subcordate,  doubly  serrate,  on  both 
sides  with  long  silky  adpressed  hairs,  upper  surface  sometimes  glabrate ; 
petioles  short;  stipules  5-6  mm.  L,  lanceolate.  Bracteoles  of  involucel  3, 
twice  as  long  as  calyx,  linear-tapering,  hirsute.  Calyx  4  mm.  1.,  hirsute; 
lobes  ovate,  acuminate.  Petals  6-7  mm.  L,  obovate,  clawed,  attached  by 
claws  to  the  staminal  tube,  pink  to  rosy-violet.  Staminal  tube,  in  the 
long-styled  form,  4  mm.  1. ;  in  the  short-styled  form,  7  mm.  L,  cut  below 
the  middle.  Pistil  1  or  4*5  mm.  1. ;  styles  united  below.  Fruit  about 
3  mm.  1.  Seeds  1*5-2  mm.  L,  mottled  greenish-grey  and  black. 

5.  M.  pyramidata  L.  Sp.  PL  674  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  380; 
inflorescence  cymose-umbellate,  opposite  the  leaves,  3-10-flowered  ; 
capsule  pyramidal,  5-angled,  angles  cuspidate  or  acute  at  base ; 
plant  glabrous.— Jacq.  Hort.  Vinclob.  11,  t.  30  ;   Cav.  Diss.  vi.  319, 
t.  172,/.  1  ;  Sic.  Obs.  Bot.  255;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  102;  A.  Gr.  Gen. 
ii.  86,  t.  134;   Griseb.  op.  cit.   93  ;  K.  Sclium.  torn.  cit.   34;    Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  404  tfc  viii.  429.     M.  herbacea  &c.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  276.     M.  domingensis  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  194.     Abutilon 
herbaceum  procumbeiis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  97  &  Hist.  i.  220,  t.  139, 
f.  1.     Moluchia  pyramidata  Britton  in  Mem.  Broold.  Bot.  Gard. 
i.  69  (1918);  Britt.  &  Milhp.  Bali.  FL  277.     Specimen  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Road  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega  to  St.  John,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  60 !  Broughton ! 
Macfadyenl  Corby,  St.  Cruz  Mts.,  1500  ft. ;  Pepper,  St.  Elizabeth,  250  ft. ; 
Inverness,  Clarendon,  300  ft. ;  Harris  !  PI.  Jam.  9744,  9861, 12,751 ;  Lucea, 
Hitchcock. — Bahamas,  West  Indies  south  to  Grenada,  continental  tropical 
America  north  to  Texas,  Old  World  tropics  (probably  introduced). 

Herbs  or  under  shrubs  t 1-2  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-7  cm.  L,  green,  the  larger 
ovate,  oblong,  or  lanceolate  to  smaller,  elliptical  or  roundish,  glabrous ; 
petioles  1-4  cm.  1. ;  stipules  2-3  mm.  L,  awl-shaped.  Calyx  3 '5-4  mm.  1., 
minutely  puberulous  ;  lobes  lanceolate-awl-shaped,  about  2  mm.  1.  Petals 


166  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Melocliin 

6-8  mm.  1.,  obovate-lanceolate,  narrowing  into  the  claw,  rosy  or  light 
violet-blue  with  yellow  claws.  Flowers  of  2  forms,  long-styled  and  short- 
styled,  with  corresponding  variation  in  stamina!  tube.  Ovary  and  styles 
very  minutely  puberulous.  Fruit  6-8  mm.  1.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  1. 

6.  M.  tomentosa  L.  Syst.  cd.  10,  1140  (1759)  &  A mcen.  v.  400, 
380  ;  inflorescence  axillary,  cymose-uinbellate,  7-3(-10)-flowered  ; 
capsule  pyramidal,  5-angled,  angles  more  or  less  rounded ;  plant 
toiuentose. — Cav.   Diss.   vi.    319,   t.    172,  /.    2;  Jacq.  Sel.   Stirp. 
Amcr.  193;  Sw.  Obs.  Bot.   256;   Wright  Mem.  285;  Macf.  Jam. 
i.  101  ;   Griseb.  loc.  at.  (excl.  var.) ;  K.  Sclmm.  torn.  cit.   33  ;   Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  404  &,  viii.  429.     M.  frutescens  &c.  Browne  loc. 
<-it.     M.  Turpiniana  H.  B.  ((•  K.  torn.  cit.  323,  t.  48'2,     Abutilon 
arboreum  <fec.  Sloane  Cat.  97  &   Hist,  i,   219,    t.    138,  /.    2,    3. 
Althaea  americana  incana  &c.  Pluk.  Phyt.  t.  13 1,/.  4.      Moluchia 
tomentosa    Britton    loc.    cit.;     Britt.    &    Millsp.    Bait.    Fl.    276. 
(Fig.  62,  E.)     Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  58 !  Wright  \  Broughtonl  Shakcspearl  McNabl  Lanel 
Purdie !  Kingston,  Prior  \  March !  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  I  Watson's 
Hill,  Manchester,  800  ft. ;  sea-coast  near  Falmoutli ;  near  Alligator  Pond, 
300  ft. ;  Plowden  Hill,  1000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Long  Mt.  road,  Fawcett  \  Fl. 
Jam.  6315,  7222,  7230,  7313,  8171.— Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical 
continental  America  north  to  Texas  and  California. 

Undershrub  or  shrub,  6-10  ft.  high.  Leaves  variable  in  size  and  form, 
1-7  cm.  L,  ovate,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  more  or  less  whitish-tomentose  ; 
petioles  very  short  or  long;  stipules  4-7  mm.  1.,  awl-shaped  from  a 
lanceolate  base,  very  soon  falling.  Calyx  about  6  mm.  1. ;  lobes  4  mm.  L, 
linear-acuminate,  stellate-tomentose  outside.  Petals  10-13  mm.  1., 
oblanceolate,  with  a  long  claw,  rosy  or  purple.  Stamens  5 '5-6  mm.  1., 
tube  4  mm.  1.  Pistil  10-11  mm.  1. ;  ovary  stalked,  puberulous ;  styles 
united  about  half  the  length,  puberulous.  Fruit  9  mm.  1.  Seeds  about 
2  mm.  1.,  irregularly  ovoid,  1  or  2  in  each  cell. 

7.  M.  crenata  Valil  Symb.  ni.  86,  t.  68  (1794);  inflorescence 
cymose-umbellate,  opposite  the  leaves,  3-l(-5)-flowered ;  capsule 
pyramidal,  5-angled,  often  somewhat  oblong  in  outline,    angles 
rounded;   plant  tomentose. — Riedleia  crenata  DC.  Prodr.  i.  491 
(1824).     Specimen    collected    by    von    Rohr    near    S.  Martha, 
Colombia,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wright  \  Palisadoes,  J.P.  1002,  1530,  Hart !— Colombia. 

Undershrub,  branches  and  petioles  white-woolly-tomentose.  Leaves 
1*5-3  cm.  1.,  elliptical  to  round,  on  both  sides  white-tomentose,  soft  to  the 
touch,  margin  crenulate;  petioles  8-23  mm.  1. ;  stipules  3  mm.  L,  ovate  or 
deltoid,  more  or  less  persistent,  glabrous  above,  tomentose  beneath. 
Calyx  4*5-5*5  mm.  L,  woolly-tomentose ;  lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
about  2 '5-3  mm.  1.  Petals  14  mm.  L,  obovate,  narrowing  below  into  a 
rather  short  claw.  Stamens  7-8  mm.  1.,  tube  about  4*5  mm.  1.  Pistil 
about  11  mm.  1. ;  ovary  and  styles  somewhat  hirsute  with  branched  hairs ; 
styles  united  shortly  (1*5-2  mm.)  at  base.  Capsule  pyramidal,  5-angled, 
angles  rounded,  about  1  cm.  L,  more  or  less  tomentose.  Seeds  2  in  each 
cell,  2- 3  mm.  1.,  semiovoid,  somewhat  acuminate. 

It  is  stated  on  von  Rohr's  specimen  that  it  was  "  repens  in  arenosis," 
Hart  collected  his  specimens  on  the  Palisadoes,  which  is  a  sandbank. 


Waltlieria 


STERCULIACEJE 


167 


6.  WALTHERIA  L. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  with  stellate  hair.  Leaves  serrate  or 
crenulate.  Stipules  narrow.  Flowers  usually  small,  yellow, 
clustered  in  the  axils  or  in  terminal  heads,  racemes,  or  panicles. 
Bracteoles  in  Jamaican  species  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  free. 
Calyx  5-lobed.  Petals  5,  spathulate,  marcescent.  Stamens  5, 
united  at  the  base,  opposite  the  petals ;  staminodes  none ; 
anthers  with  2  parallel  cells.  Ovary  of  one  carpel,  1 -celled,  with 
2  ovules  ;  style  slightly  lateral,  club-shaped  above  or  fringed. 
Capsule  2-valved  ;  seed  solitary.  Seed  ascending ;  endosperm 
present ;  embryo  straight,  cotyledons  flat,  radicle  next  the  hilum. 

Species  about  60,  growing  in  the  tropics,  mostly  in  America. 

Leaves  ovate  to  lanceolate,  3-9  cm.  1 1.   W.  americana. 

Leaves  roundish-ovate  or  -obovate,  l'5-3'5  cm.  1 2.   W.  calcicola. 

1.  W.  amerieana  L.  Sp.  PL  673  (1753) ;  Sw.  Ols.  Bot,  254  ; 
Macf.  Jam.  i.  105  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  95  (excl.  syn- 
W.  ovata  Cav.  &  W.  angustifolia  H.  B.  &  K.)  ;  Mast,  in  FL  Trop. 
Afr.  i.  235  ;  K.  Schnm.  in  FL  Bras.  xii.  pt.  3,  63 ;  Small  FL 


Fig.  63. — Waltheria  americana  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and       C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  7. 

flowers  x  §.  D,  Fruit  with  persistent  calyx,  showing 

E.  Flower  with  hracteole  x  4.  seed,  x  7. 


168  FLUKA    OF    .1AM  AI<   A  \\'<ilMirri<i 

S.E.  U.S.  780  ;  Url.  Sij.nl.  Ant.  iv.  405  &  viii  431  ;  /;/•///.  /•'/. 
Bern.  L'I2  :  /;/•///.  <0  J///V  Huh.  FL  27s.  \V.  Indira  7>.  >S>.  P/. 
673  (1753)  A-  4waw.  r.  3SO  ;  JW</.  Jr.  P/.  Jfa/-.  /.  13,  /.  130; 
M«.--t.  in  Hook.  f.  FL  J5r.  Lnd.  i.  374.  W.  angustifolia  L.  Syst. 
<<<!.  10,  1140  it  ^//^r».  r.  380.  W.  foliis  angustis  etc.  & 
W.  fruticosa  etc.  Broii-ne  Hist.  Jam.  276.  Betonica  arborescens 
Maderaspatana  etc.  Pluk.  Phyt.  t.  150,  /.  5.  Betonica  arbor- 
escens foliis  etc.  PluJc.  Pltijt.  t.  150,  /.  6.  Malva  americana 
abutili  etc.  Sloane  Cat.  97  &  Hist.  i.  218.  (Fig.  63.)  Specimen 
in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  54!  Houstounl  TI  right !  Broughtonl  Shakcspear ! 
Distin ;  McNabl  Parnell  I  Wilson;  Liguanea  hills;  Kingston;  Priori 
March;  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1347,  Morris !  also  J.P.  1460,  Hartl  near 
Gordon  Town,  Ball !  Constant  Spring  ;  Lucea  ;  Hitchcock;  near  Kingston, 
Cliitcl  Hope,  Harris !  Liguanea  plain,  Campbell  \  FL  Jam.  5654,5865.— 
Key  Is.  Florida,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. 

Undershrub,  3-6  ft.  high,  stem  and  branches  more  or  less  tomentose  or 
woolly.  Leaves  2 -5-9  cm.  L,  ovate,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  apex  obtuse 
or  somewhat  acute,  base  obtuse,  rounded,  or  subcordate,  on  both  sides 
tomentose,  usually  whitish,  serrate;  petioles  4-15(-25)  mm.  1. ;  stipules 
lanceolate-awl-shaped,  3-6  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  axillary,  sessile  or 
stalked,  flowers  crowded  into  a  globose  mass.  Calyx  4-5  mm.  L,  lobes 
awl-shaped,  with  lanceolate  base.  Petals  nearly  6  mm.  1.,  oblong,  claws 
slender.  Staminal  tube  2  mm.  L,  undivided.  Pistil  2  mm.  L,  ovary 
hirsute  ;  style  club-shaped  at  apex,  penicillate.  Capsule,  2  mm.  1.  Seeds 
1-5  mm.  1. 

2.  W.  ealeieola  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  475  (1900)  &.  iv.  406. 
"\V.  foliis  subrotundis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  276. 

Dry,  rocky  hills,  Fort  Henderson ;  Harris  !  FL  Jam.  10,155. — Porto 
Rico. 

Low  shrubby  plants  forming  thickets  (Harris),  3-6  ft.  high,  young  stem 
and  branches  tomentose  with  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  3 '5-1 '5  cm.  L, 
roundish-ovate  or  -obovate,  apex  rounded,  base  rounded  or  subtruncate, 
margin  crenulate  except  the  base,  on  both  sides  tomentose ;  petioles 
3-6  mm.  1. ;  stipules  thread-like,  3*5-6  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  subcapitate 
at  the  apex  of  the  branches,  usually  2  flowers  together  in  the  axils  of  very 
small  leaves.  Calyx  6-8  mm.  L ;  lobes  triangular-lanceolate,  about 
3  mm.  1.  Petals  about  as  long  as  the  calyx  or  a  little  longer,  oblanceolate 
narrowing  into  a  rather  broad  claw.  Stamens  about  4  mm.  1.  ;  filaments 
united  into  a  tube  2  mm.  L,  free  above.  Pistil  about  as  long  as  the 
petals ;  stigma  composed  of  many  rays  forming  a  small  head. 

7.  STERCULIA  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  undivided,  lobed,  or  digitate.  Inflorescence 
paniculate  or  sometimes  racemose,  generally  axillary.  Flowers 
unisexual  or  polygamous,  the  terminal  flowers  usually  female. 
Calyx  5-cleft,  usually  coloured.  Petals  wanting.  Gonophore 
somewhat  shorter  than  calyx.  Staminal  tube  with  10-15 
anthers  crowded  at  the  apex.  Carpels  of  the  ovary  5,  sub- 
distinct,  cohering  at  apex  only  by  the  united  styles,  with  2  to 


Sterculia 


STERCULIACE/E 


169 


raaDy  ovules  in  each,  stigmatic  apex  peltate  or  lobed.  Ripe 
carpels  distinct,  generally  opening  along  the  ventral  line.  Seeds 
1  or  many  in  each  carpel ;  endosperm  fleshy,  adhering  to  the 
foliaceous  cotyledons  ;  embryo  straight. 

Species  about  200,  growing  in  the  warmer  regions  of  the 
world,  chiefly  in  tropical  Asia. 

[Leaves  5-lobed   on  flowering  branches,  tomentose 

beneath S.  apetala.~\ 

Leaves  entire  on  flowering  branches,  puberulous  or 

glabrate  beneath S.  caribcea. 

[S.  apetala  Karst.  FL  Cohimb.  it.  35,  t.  118  (1862-69); 
Britt.  FL  Berin.  242  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  433.  S.  carthaginensis 
C'av.  Diss.  vi.  353  (1788) ;  It.  Br.  in  Benn.  PL  Jav.  Ear.  228 ;  Griseb. 


A 


64.  —  Stereulia  caribcea  JEl.  Br. 


A,  Leaf  X  J. 

B,  Male  flower  x  2. 

C,  Apex  of  gonophore  with  anthers  x  7. 


D,  Female  flower  x  8. 

E,  Fruit  of  S.  api'tula  Karst.  X  \. 

(E  after  Pittier.) 


FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  89  ;  Pittier  in  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  xiii.  447, 
with  p'ys.  70-76  in  text,  &  t.  89.  S.  Helicteres  Pers.  Syn.  Sp.  PL 
iL  240  (1806).  Helicteres  apetala  Jacq.  Enum.  30  (1760),  SeL 
Stirp.  Amer.  238,  /.  181,  /.  97  &  Ed.  pict.  115,  t.  263,  /.  74. 
(Fig  64,  E.)  Specimen  of  flower  from  Jacquin  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit. 


170  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 

Naturalized;  March\  Liguanea  plain,  Jlarrlsl  Fl.  Jam.  8282,  9215; 
Kingston,  DonncU  Smitli.  --Natives  of  Central  America,  Colombia, 
Venezuela,  Paraguay. 

Trt;\  30-50(-100)  ft.  high.  Leaves  to  30  cm.  and  more  in  diam., 
deeply  3-5-lobed,  shining  on  upper  surface,  tomentose  beneath  with 
penicillate  hairs;  petioles  10-20  cm.  1.,  more  or  less  tomentose  above. 
Inflorescence  in  terminal  panicles  20-25  cm.  1.,  tomentose  with  penicillate 
hairs,  unisexual  or  with  male  and  hermaphrodite  flowers.  Male  flowers  : 
Calyx  15-18  mm.  1.,  bell-shaped,  cut  halfway,  coloured  inside  dirty 
yellow  with  purplish  spots  and  lines.  Gonophore  10-13  mm.  1.,  curved. 
Staminal  tube  short.  Anthers  7-15.  Ocanj  rudimentary.  Hermaphrodite 
floiccrs :  Calyx  similar  to  male.  Gonopliore  shorter.  Staminal  tube 
shallow,  cup-like.  Anthers  12-16.  Ovary  3  mm.  in  diam.,  tomentose; 
style  bent  down.  Ripe  carpels  spreading,  6-12  cm.  1.,  covered  inside  with 
a  dense  layer  of  erect  stiff  yellowish  prickly  hairs  about  2  mm.  1.,  with  2-4 
seeds.  Seeds  about  2  cm.  1.,  ellipsoidal,  black.] 

S.  earibsea  E.  Br.  in  Benn.  PL  Jew.  Ear.  228  (1844) ;  Griseb. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ltd.  90.  S.  Ivira  Sio.  Prodr.  98  (1788)  <fc  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  1160  (in  part) ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  96.  (Fig.  64,  A-D.)  Type  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Bastard  Mahoe. 

Woods  near  Roaring  River,  Mac  fad  yen;  Purdic  \ — Dominica,  Martinique, 
St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Trinidad. 

A  high  tree.  Leaves  10-20  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical,  entire  on 
flowering  branches,  sometimes  3-lobed  on  lower  part  of  tree,  glabrous  on 
upper  surface,  puberulous  or  glabrate  beneath;  petioles  2-6  cm.  1., 
glabrous.  Inflorescence  in  terminal  panicles,  5-15  cm.  1.,  covered  with 
yellow-brownish  powdery  tomentum.  Flowers  male  or  hermaphrodite. 
Male  flowers:  Calyx  10-12  mm.  1.,  cut  nearly  to  base,  yellowish;  lobes 
oblong-lanceolate,  spreading,  glandular  about  the  middle.  Gonophore 
about  6  mm.  1.,  curved.  Staminal  tube  minute.  Anthers  8-10.  Ovary 
rudimentary.  Hermaphrodite  flowers  :  Calyx  similar  to  male.  Gonophore 
5  mm.  1.  Staminal  tube  minute.  Anthers  about  7.  0 va ry  about  2  mm. 
in  diara.,  tomentose;  style  bent  down.  Ripe  carpels  about  4  cm.  1.,  the 
carpophore  nearly  of  the  same  length. 

[COLA  Schott 

Trees.  Leaves  entire  or  lobed.  Flowers  unisexual  or 
polygamous,  axillary,  clustered  or  shortly  cyrnose  or  paniculate. 
Calyx  5-clef  t.  Petals  wanting.  Gonophore  very  short.  Staminal 
column  with  10-12  anthers,  sessile,  in  a  double  ring  round  the 
apex.  Carpels  3-10,  subdistinct,  each  with  several  ovules; 
styles  as  many  as  the  carpels.  Ripe  carpels  thick,  opening  along 
the  ventral  line.  Seeds  several  in  each  cell,  without  endosperm  ; 
cotyledons  thick  ;  radicle  next  the  hilum. 

Species  nearly  100,  growing  in  tropical  Africa. 

C.  aeuminata  Schott  A  Endl.  Mfletem.  33  (1832)  :  E.  Br.  in 
Benn.  PL  Jar.  Ear.  237  (1844);  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Iwd.-90; 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  5699.  Ceratonia  affinis  siliquosa  lire.  Sloane  Cat. 
154  &  Hist.  ii.  60.  Sterculia  aeuminata  Beauv.  FL  Oicar.  i.  41, 
/.  24  (1805);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  95.  Bichy  Tree  Browjliton,  Hortus 


Cola  STERCULIACE.E  171 

Eastensis,    34    (1794),    reprinted    in    Bryan    Edwards    Hist.    W. 
Ind.  in.  407  (1794);  Lunan  Hort.  Jam.  i.  86. 

Cola,  Kola,  Bichy. 

Introduced  ;  Sloane  Herb.  vi.  55  !  Macfadyen !  March  \  Prior  !  Campbell ! 
Thompson !  Harris  \ 

Tree  to  35  ft.  high.  Leaves  8-16  cm.  1.  (on  flowering  branches),  oblong 
or  subovate-oblong,  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  wedge-shaped  and 
3-nerved  at  base,  glabrous,  entire.  Inflorescence  a  corymbose  panicle. 
Calyx  cleft  beyond  the  middle,  with  minute  stellate  hairs  inside  and 
densely  hairy  outside,  of  hermaphrodite  flower  to  16  mm.  1-. ;  lobes  oblong- 
triangular  pointed.  Ovary  hairy,  5-celled ;  ovules  10-12  in  each  cell. 
Stigmas  linear-lanceolate,  recurved.  Ripe  carpels  8-14  cm.  1.  Seeds 
3-5-4-5  cm.  1. 

The  seed  is  chewed  by  the  African  native  to  promote  digestion.  It  is 
also  used  medicinally,  and  to  render  putrid  water  wholesome.  The  seeds 
are  sometimes  ground  and  made  into  a  drink  like  cocoa.] 

FAMILY  LXVII.     DILLENIACEJE. 

Trees,  shrubs,  sometimes  climbing,  or  rarely  perennial  herbs 
or  undershrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  usually  entire  or  toothed, 
generally  leathery.  Stipules  either  none  or  wing-Kkn,  attached  to 
the  petiole,  soon  falling.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous. 
Sepals  5  (3-6,  or  indefinite),  very  much  overlapping,  persistent. 
Petals  5  (1-6),  very  much  overlapping,  often  corrugate,  soon 
falling.  Stamens  generally  indefinite,  hypogynous,  free  or 
united  at  the  base.  Anthers  innate,  the  cells  opening  laterally 
or  inwards  or  by  an  apical  pore.  Pistil  free;  carpels  one  to 
indefinite,  distinct,  rarely  cohering  in  the  centre  of  the  flower. 
Ovules  one  to  indefinite,  anatropous,  erect  from  the  base  or 
attached  in  2  series  to  the  inner  angle,  raphe  ventral.  Styles 
separate,  terminal  or  subdorsal,  diverging  ;  stigma  simple.  Kipe 
carpels  opening  on  the  inner  side  or  on  the  back,  sometimes 
crustaceous  or  berry-like  and  indehiscent.  Seeds  solitary  or  few, 
thick,  with  an  aril.  Endosperm  fleshy.  Embryo  minute,  close 
to  the  hilum. 

Species  350,  mostly  in  the  tropics  or  in  Australia,  very  few 
in  X.  America  or  in  eastern  Asia  outside  the  tropics. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Sepals  2  inner,  very  large,  concave, 
increasing  in  size  and  becoming  leathery,  enclosing  the 
fruit  1.  Davilla. 

Flowers  polygamous.     Sepals  not  enclosing  the  fruit 2.  Tetracera. 

1.  DAVILLA  Vand. 

Shrubs  generally  climbing  by  twining.  Leaves  pinnate- 
nerved,  nerves  parallel.  Panicles  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite,  yellow.  Sepals  5,  very  unequal,  two 
interior  very  large,  concave,  increasing  in  size,  at  length  leathery, 
enclosing  the  fruit  and  looking  like  a  globose  capsule.  Petals  1-6. 


172 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


DaviUa 


Stamens  with  filaments  thickened  at  the  apex.  Anthers  short, 
with  diverging  cells.  Carpels  1-3,  with  2  erect  ovules,  not 
opening  when  ripe  or  bursting  irregularly.  Seeds  enclosed 
almost  completely  by  an  aril. 

Species  nearly  40,  natives  of  tropical  America  (including  the 
West  Indies). 

D.  rugosa  Poir.  Encycl.  Suppl  //.  457  (1811);  St.  HiL  PL 
Us.  t.  22  :  Griseb.  FL  E,.  W.  Lid.  2 ;  EidiL  in  Fl  Bras,  xiii.pt.  1, 
106.  D.  brasiliana  DC.  Syst.  405  (1818)  :  Deless.  Ic.  SeL  i.  18, 


Fig.  65. — DaviUa  rugosa  Poir. 

A.  Flower-bud  x  2.  C,  Diagram  of  a  flower. 

B,  Open  flower  x  2. 

Tetracera  Poeppigiana  Schlecht. 

D,  Fruit  XI1.  F,  Diagram  of  a  flower. 

E,  Ripe  carpel  cut  open  showing  (A,  B.  D,  E  after  A.  Richard  ; 

an  arillate  seed  x  2  ;  a,  aril.  C,  F  after  Eichler.) 

t.  71.     D.   Sagrseana  A.   Eicli.  Sarjr.   Cub.  x.  8,  xii.   t.   2   (1845). 
D.  ciliata  A.  Rich.  Sagr.  Cub.  x.  9,  xii.  t.  3  (1845).     (Fig.  65,  A-C.) 

Bed  Withe. 

•Wright  I  Macfadi/en ;  Prior;  climbing  over  bushes,  Schwallenburgh, 
St.  Ann ;  Oxford,  near  Balaclava ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7042,  8826  ;  between 
Fontabelle  and  Galloway,  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton  2870!— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines, 
Trinidad,  tropical  continental  America. 

Climbing  shrub,  very  variable.  Leaves  5-13  cm.  1.,  elliptical  to  oblong- 
elliptical,  apex  obtuse  to  rounded,  base  decurrent  into  the  short  petiole, 


Davilla  DILLENIACE.E  173 

nerves  impressed  above,  prominent  beneath,  margin  entire  or  obscurely 
toothed.  Calyx  in  flower  :  larger  sepals  5-6  mm.  1.,  smaller  about  2  mm.  1. 
Petals  6-8  mm.  1.  Fruit  enclosed  by  the  two  larger  hardened  yellowish 
sepals  about  7  mm.  in  diam. ;  the  thin  reddish-brown  pericarp  encloses  a 
large  seed  with  a  shiny  blackish  coat,  enveloped  in  a  thin  whitish  aril. 
Stems  useful  for  making  baskets,  &c. 

2.  TETRACERA  L. 

Climbing  shrubs,  rarely  trees,  glabrous  or  rough-pubescent. 
Leaves  pinnate-nerved,  nerves  parallel.  Panicles  terminal  or  in 
the  topmost  axils.  Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite,  sometimes 
polygamous,  rarely  dioecious.  Sepals  4-6,  spreading.  Petals  as 
many  or  fewer.  Stamens-  with  filaments  widening  to  apex. 
Anthers  with  cells  separated.  Carpels  generally  3-5,  acuminate, 
with  ovules  indefinite,  in  two  series,  leathery  when  ripe,  opening 
along  the  inner  line  or  by  2  valves.  Seeds  1—5,  surrounded  by 
an  aril. 

Species  about  100,  dispersed  throughout  the  tropics. 

T.  jamaieensis  DC.  Syst.  L  399  (1818) ;  Macf.  Jam.  L  5. 
T.  volubilis  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  2  (non  L.).  (Fig.  65,  D-F.) 

Wiles ;  St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Macfayden !  also  Prior !  Bachelor 
Hall,  near  Bath,  Harris  &  Brition\  Fl.  Jam.  10,577.— South  America 
(R.  Shakespear  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.). 

Shrub  climbing  over  fences  and  trees ;  stem  and  branches  rough,  with 
minute  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  10-18  cm.  L,  elliptical,  base  decurrent  into 
the  petiole,  wavy-serrate,  but  entire  towards  the  base,  teeth  very  small  at 
ends  of  nerves,  rough  on  both  sides ;  nerves  impressed  above,  prominent 
beneath  and  hispidulous.  Inflorescence  7-12  cm.  L,  somewhat  compact  in 
fruit,  roughish  with  minute  stellate  hairs.  Calyx  outside  puberulous, 
inside  silky;  sepals  5,  unequal,  4 '5-5* 5  mrn.  1.  Petals  5,  yellow,  ovate- 
oblong,  rounded.  Ripe  carpels  usually  4,  surrounded  by  the  persistent 
sepals  (outer  5-7  mm.  L,  inner  9-10  mm.  L),  glabrous,  shining,  15  mm.  L, 
beaked  with  persistent  style. 

Wormia  Burbidgei  Hook.  f.  (Bot.  Mag.  t.  6531)  is  an  escape  from 
Castleton  Garden,  and  is  well  established  on  the  neighbouring  hillsides. 
This  handsome  shrub  is  a  native  of  Borneo.  The  flowers  are  pale  golden 
yellow,  2|  inches  in  diam.  Anthers  opening  by  apical  pores.  Carpels  7. 
Leaves  6  inches  to  1  ft.  long. 

FAMILY  LXYIII.     OCHNACE^E. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  simple,  stipulate, 
glabrous,  entire  or  serrulate.  Flowers  terminal  in  panicles  or 
racemes,  or  axillary,  sometimes  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  axils, 
hermaphrodite.  Sepals  5  (4-10),  free,  imbricate.  Petals  5  (4-10), 
free,  soon  falling,  imbricate  or  convolute.  Receptacle  enlarged 
after  flowering.  Staminodes  usually  none,  but  in  Sauvagesia  of 
one  or  two  forms.  Stamens  5  or  10  (4,  8,  or  indefinite),  inserted 
at  the  base  of  the  receptacle,  or  above  it.  Anthers  linear- 


174  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Ourat'-.i 

elongate,  opening  longitudinally  or  by  terminal  poiv>.  '  >vary 
2-lU-lobed,  or  entire  and  1-10-celled.  Style  simple,  awl-shaped, 
or,  rarely,  with  apex  2-10-lobed;  stigma  simple,  terminal, 
i ) vules  1,  or  2,  or  indefinite,  in  each  cell,  ascending  or  rarely 
hanging.  .Fruit  very  various.  Seeds  solitary,  few,  or  numerous  ; 
endosperm  fleshy  or  none.  Embryo  somewhat  large,  usually 
straight. 

Species  400  or  more,  natives  of  the  tropics,  mostly  American. 

Flowers  yellow ;  without  staminodes.  Fruit — drupes  on 

a  receptacle 1.  Ouratca. 

Flowers  white,  rose,  or  violet ;  with  staminodes.  Fruit — 

a  3-valved  capsule  2.  Sauvagesia. 

\.  OURATEA  Aubl. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous.  Leaves  persistent,  leathery, 
shining,  entire  or  serrulate  with  sharp  teeth,  with  very  numerous 
nerves.  Stipules  in  American  species  free.  Panicles  or  racemes 
terminal,  or  terminal  and  axillary.  Flowers  yellow.  Sepals  5, 
usually  coloured,  imbricate,  elliptical-oblong.  Petals  5,  imbricate, 
obovate,  clawed.  Receptacle  thick,  elongated  below  the  pistil. 
Stamens  10,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  receptacle;  filaments 
very  short ;  anthers  long,  opening  by  pores  at  apex.  Ovary 
5-6-parted,  the  lobes  inserted  obliquely  on  the  receptacle ;  styles 
united,  stigma  simple ;  ovules  solitary  in  each  cell,  ascending 
from  the  base.  Drupes  5  or  fewer,  on  the  expanded  receptacle. 
Seed  erect ;  cotyledons  fleshy,  plano-convex  :  radicle  descending 
to  the  hilum. 

Species  more  than  200,  natives  of  tropics,  mostly  in  America. 

Inflorescence  dense,  dome-shaped;  sepals  5  mm.  1 1.  0.  laurifolia. 

Inflorescence  loosely  paniculate ;  sepals  7  mm.  1.  or  more. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate.     Pedicels  l'5-2  cm.  1.  2.  O.  elegans. 
Leaves     elliptical     or     oblong-elliptical,    cuspidate. 
Pedicels  less  than  1*5  cm.  1. 

Drupes  globose.     Sepals  7-8  mm.  1 3.  0.  nitida. 

Drupes  obovoid.     Sepals  8-10  mm.  1 4.  O.  jamaicensis. 

1.  0.  laurifolia  EngL  in  FJ.  Bras.  xli.  ±t.  2,  350  (1876); 
leaves  elliptical-lanceolate  to  lanceolate,  entire ;  inflorescence 
dense,  dome-shaped ;  pedicels  1-2  cm.  1.  ;  sepals  5  mm.  1.  ;  petals 
5-6  mm.  1.,  irregularly  obovate,  apex  slightly  emarginate  ;  drupes 
narrowly  ellipsoidal. — Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  430.  Gomphia  laurifolia 
Sw.  FL  *Ind.  Occ.  741  (1798);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  200;  Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W,  Lid.  104.  (Fig.  66.) 

In  fl.  Jan. -March;  in  fr.  March,  Apr.;  S warts ;  near  Bridgehill;  near 
Pleasant  Hill,  St.  Andrew;  Macf  ad  yen !  rocky  woods,  St.  Ann,  Purdiel 
Liguanea  plain,  GOO  ft.  Campbell !  Port  Royal  Mts.  (Sheldon ;  Hall's 
Delight ;  Plato  ;  Bridge  Hill,  1500  ft. ;  Iron  Face,  Chester  Vale,  3500  ft.) ; 


Ouratea 


OCHNACE^ 


1 


Holly  Mount,  near  Ewarton,  2600  ft. ;  Peckbam,  Clarendon,  2500  to 
2800  ft. ;  Constant  Spring  to  Bardowie,  750  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5513, 
5535,  6250,  6978,  7869,  8898,  10,104,  10,870,  10,875,  11,919. 

Shrub  or  tree,  10-20  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-11  cm.  1.,  nerves  and  veins 
similar  and  running  in  the  same  direction,  curved  upwards,  slightly  promi- 
nent on  the  upper  surface;  petioles  6-10  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  5-9  cm.  1. 


Fig.  66. — Ouratea  laurifolia  Engl. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  C,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

and  flowers  X  -;.  D,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

Sepals  greenish-yellow.  Petals  unequal,  claw  1*5-2  mm.  1.  Stamens 
3 '5-4  mm.l.  Anthers  sessile  or  with  short  filaments  ('Smm.!.).  Receptacle 
(in  fruit)  somewhat  globose,  bearing  4-5  drupes.  Drupes  9-11  mm.  1. 

2.  0.  eleg-ans   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  r.  428  (1908);  leaves  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  slightly  crenulate  above ; 
inflorescence    loosely  paniculate;    pedicels  l'5-2  crn.  1.;    sepals 
9-11  mm.  1. ;  petals  13-15  mm.  1.,  broadly  obovate. 

In  n.  Sept. ;  Woodstock,  near  Beaufort,  Westmoreland,  1300  ft.,  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  9912. 

Tree,  30  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  9-13  cm.  1.,  2-3 '5  cm.  br.,  nerves 
and  transverse  veins  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides ;  petioles  4-6  mm.  1. 
Anthers  subsessile,  7  mm.  1. 

3.  0.  nitida  Engl.  in  FL  Bras,  xii.pt.  2,  310  (1876)  (only  as 
regards  syn.  Sic.  and  habitat  Jamaica) ;  leaves  elliptical,  cuspi- 


1  i  6  I'LnRA    OF    .JAMAICA  OtWfl 

date,  acute,  M'tTulatr  with  vt-rv  small  sharp  teeth;  pedicels 
."»  7  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  7-7  •  ~>  nun.  1.  ;  petals  slightly  longer  than 
si'pal>,  somewhat  roundish,  with  a  short  da\v  ;  drupc>  irlobose.— 
Url.  Sifiol'.  Ant.  /.  364,  0.  428,  4l".>.  Ochna  nitida  ,SV.  PnWr.  ''.7 
<  L788),  c.miphia  nitida  V«l,l  Sijnil.  //.  49  (1791);  Sw.  Fl.  L,<l. 
Occ.  7,T.»  :  Jl/r/,/.  ,7,,m.  i.  -201  :  Gri*<-b.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  105  (exol. 
svn.).  Specimen  from  Shakespear  named  by  Swartz. 

S1id]c<'»]>i'dr'.   Sicartz. 

Tree  of  moderate  height.  Leaves  5-12  cm.  1.,  nerves  and  veins  similar, 
veins  running  somewhat  transversely,  only  the  midrib  slightly  prominent ; 
petioles  3-5  mm.  1.  Pedicels  ahout  1  cm.  1.  in  fr.  Anthers  subsessile, 
7  mm.  1.,  slightly  connected  at  apex  in  pairs,  as  long  as  the  calyx ;  filaments 
like  small  roundish  glands.  Ovary  globose,  5-furrowed,  each  carpel  on  a 
distinct  short  stalk ;  styles  combined  spirally  into  one,  which  extends 
beyond  the  anthers.  Receptacle  (in  fruit)  somewhat  ovate-roundish,  bearing 
1-5  drupes.  Drupes  7  mm.  1.,  6  mm.  br.  Seed  large,  globose. 

4.  0.  jamaieensis  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  362  (1899)  &  v.  430; 
leaves  elliptical  to  oblong,  acute  or  cuspidate,  entire  or  occasionally 
with  a  few  small  teeth  above  ;  pedicels  in  fl.  5-12  mm.  1.  ;  sepals 
8-10  mm.  1.  ;  petals  10-11  mm.  1.,  roundish-obovate,  with  a 
short  claw;  drupes  obovoid.--F.  Tiecjli.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  8, 
xvi.  2-~>7  (1902).  0.  guianensis  Engl.  in  Fl.  Bras,  xii.pt.  2,  314 
(1876)  (in  part).  Goniphia  guianensis  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
105  (1859)  (non  Rich.)  (in  part).  G.  jamaicensis  J.  E.  Phinclt. 
in  Hooli".  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  vi.  11  (1847). 

Cabbage   Bark. 

In  fl.  July-Nov. ;  Macfadyenl  Browns  Town,  Priori  Holly  Mount, 
2500ft. ;  near  Troy,  2500ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500ft. ;  Harris  !  Pedro, 
St.  Ann,  E.  G.  Barrett !  Fl.  Jam.  6529,  9071,  10,999. 

Tree,  30  ft.  high.  Leaves  8-13  cm.  1.,  nerves  and  veins  (running  in  same 
direction)  often  slightly  prominent  especially  on  upper  surface ;  petioles 
5-8  mm.  1.  Pedicels  12-17  mm.  1.  in  fr.  Anthers  sessile,  6  mm.  1. 
Receptacle  (in  fruit)  ovate  if  only  one  drupe,  transversely  ellipsoidal  if  two 
or  more  drupes.  Drupes  10-13  mm.  1.,  7-8  mm.  br. 

2.  SAUVAGESIA  L. 

Herbs  or  undershrubs,  glabrous.  Leaves  rigid,  entire  or 
serrulate.  Stipules  comb-like-ciliate.  Flowers  axillary  or  in 
terminal  racemes,  white,  rose,  or  violet.  Sepals  subequal. 
Petals  equal,  convolute.  Staminodes  usually  of  2  series,  outer 
thread-like,  sometimes  alternate  with  the  5  petals,  sometimes 
indefinite,  the  inner  5  petal-like  or  scale-like,  opposite  the  petals, 
enclosing  the  stamens  and  ovary.  Filaments  of  the  fertile 
stamens  very  short,  alternating  with  the  inner  staminodes ; 
anthers  linear,  cells  opening  at  the  sides.  Ovary  1-celled; 
placentas  of  the  ovary  3  ;  style  simple  with  obtuse  stigma. 
Capsule  sept icicl ally  3-valved.  Seeds  indefinite,  small ;  testa 
thin  and  brittle ;  endosperm  fleshy  ;  radicle  longer  than  the 
cotyledons. 


Sauvagesia 


OCHNACE.E 


17' 


Species  18,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  and  sub- 
tropical America,  very  few  in  the  tropics  of  the  Old  World. 

S.  Brownei  Pl'inch.  MS.  ex  Trois.  Voy.  Linden  i  64  (1863)  ; 
Urb.  Syml>.  Ant.  v.  430  &  vi.  93.  S.  erecta  Macf.  Jam.  i.  45 
(excl.  syn.  Jacq.  &  AiibL) ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  112  (as  regards 
plants  from  Jamaica  and  Cuba)  (non  L.).  Iron  herbaceus  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  179,  t.  12,  /.  3.  (Fig.  67.) 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  24!  Pastures  between  Mb.  Diablo  and  St.  Ami, 
Browne  \  May  Day  Hill,  Broughton  I  Guys  Hill,  St.  Mary,  Me  Nab  !  Cold- 
spring,  St.  George,  Purdie !  Moneague,  Prior !  Castleton  Garden,  400  ft. ; 


D 


Fig.  67. — Sauvagesia  Brownei  Planch. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and  flowers  x  §. 

B,  Flower  ;  st,  stamens  ;  d,  staminodes  x  4. 

C,  Capsule  split  open  X  6. 

D,  Seed  X  20. 


Brandon  Hill  road;  Prospect  Hill,  2000  ft.;  Thompson*,  near  Bardowie, 
Harris !  Bull  Head,  Fawcctt !  lower  mountains  near  Kingston,  Hanscn  : 
Port  Antonio,  Hitchcock ;  Richmond  Hill,  Millspaugli ;  Fl.  Jam.  5867, 
7-J40,  8003,  8097,  8470.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines. 

Stems  procumbent  or  ascending.  Leaves  7-13  mm.  L,  lanceolate  to 
elliptical,  acute  at  both  ends,  serrulate,  subsessile ;  stipules  linear- 
lanceolate.  Flowers  axillary,  usually  solitary.  Pedicels  erect,  about  as 
long  as  the  flower.  Sepals  4*5-5  mm.  L,  lanceolate,  with  a  hair-like  tip 
(1-1'5  mm.  L).  Petals  white,  shorter,  or  somewhat  longer  tbau  the  sepals. 
Staminodes  (of  the  inner  series  only)  oblong,  about  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
Stamens  1*5  mm.  1.  Capsule  about  as  long  as  the  sepals.  Seeds  ellip- 
soidal, about  -7  mm.  L,  surface  pitted. 

v.  x 


!  ,  S  FLOKA   <IF  .IAMAH  A  Sauvagesia 

s.  ereeta  /...  of  the  \V«  -t  [ndies  from  Eispaniola  east  and  south, 

and   of  tropical   eoiitiiientul   America,  1ms   lar.-n-  haves  and   tier.  ;  wo 

nninodrs,    the    outer    of    very    short,    indefinite    stain;: 
mi'iit-like   \vith   kidiu  y-shapcd    capitat<     apex,   the    inner    of    5    ohl 
iminodes  ahout  half  as  long  as  the  sepa!  . 


I-AMILY  LXIX.     MARCGRAVIACE^E. 

Shrubs,  epiphytic  or  climbing,  rarely  tree-like.  Leaves 
alternate,  simple,  leathery,  entire.  Stipules  usually  wanting. 
Kacemes  ten:iinal.  Bracts  more  or  less  attached  to  the  pedicel, 
usually  transformed  into  nectariferous,  sack-like  or  hooded 
organs.  Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite.  Sepals  4-5,  strongly 
overlapping,  persistent.  Petals  5,  hypogynous,  free  or  united  at 
the  base,  or  united  to  form  a  lid-like  organ  breaking  away  all 
round  at  the  base  and  falling  off.  Stamens  indefinite  or  .">, 
hypogynous,  united  slightly  at  base  and  free  from  the  corolla,  or 
more  or  less  attached  at  base  to  the  petals ;  anthers  opening 
inwards.  Ovary  :  cells  indefinite  or  3-6  ;  stigma  sessile,  more 
or  less  distinctly  radiate.  Ovules  indefinite,  attached  to  thick 
placentas  projecting  from  the  axis,  horizontal  or  ascending, 
anatropous.  Fruit  globose,  fleshy  or  leathery,  not  opening  or 
opening  after  some  time  loculicidally  from  the  base.  Seeds 
numerous,  small,  oblong ;  endosperm  scanty.  Embryo  straight 
or  curved  ;  radicle  short. 

Species  between  60  and  70,  natives  of  the  "West  Indies  and 
tropical  continental  America. 

MARCGRAVIA  L.* 

Shrubs,  climbing  on  the  trunks  of  trees  or  over  rocks  by 
means  of  rootlets  emitted  just  below  the  insertion  of  the  leaves. 
The  leaves  of  the  first  shoots  are  2-ranked,  closely  adpressed  to 
the  tree  trunk,  and  protect  the  rootlets,  which  also  become 
covered  by  a  moss  (Pilotrichum  utiirronatum  Mitten  in  M.  Brownei). 
The  rootlets  grow  into  the  interstices  of  the  bark,  which,  with 
the  moss,  forms  a  soil  for  them,  the  union  being  so  intimate  that 
the  shoot  cannot  be  detached  from  the  trunk  without  removing 

O 

some  of  the  bark  with  it.  Shoots  are  thrown  out  horizontally, 
bearing  spirally  arranged  leaves  of  a  different  form,  and  flowers 
at  the  apex  enclosed  at  first  by  the  terminal  leaf  acting  like  a 
spathe  (in  M.  Brownei).  Leaves  of  the  creeping  stem  small  and 
submembraneous,  of  the  flowering  branches  leathery.  Racemes 
usually  contracted,  umbel-like,  pendulous.  The  lower  outer 
flowers  perfect,  without  bracts,  the  upper  central  abortive  and 

*  Consult  I.  W.  Bailey,  Pollination  of  Marcgravia,  in  American  Journal 
of  Botany,  ix.  370  (1922)". 


Marcgravia 


MARCGBAVIACE.E 


179 


with  large  tubular  sack-like  coloured  bracts  adherent  to  the 
pedicels.  Bracts  with  the  opening  at  the  base,  and  (in 
Jamaican  species)  somewhat  inflated  at  the  apex.  Bracteoles  2. 
minute,  sepal-like,  tightly  adpressed  to  the  calyx,  persistent. 
Sepals  4,  decussate.  Corolla  a  lid-like  organ  without  differentia- 
tion into  petals,  soon  falling  off.  Stamens  12-40,  mostly  slightly 
united  at  the  base,  free  from  the  corolla  ;  anthers  oblong-linear. 
Ovary  incompletely  4-12-celled ;  style  short  or  none;  stigma 
obscurely  radiate.  Fruit  leathery. 

Species  more  than  40,  with  distribution  of  family. 

Bracts  sessile  or  subsessile I.  M.  Brownei. 

Bracts  on  pedicel 2.  M.  bracliysepala. 

1.  M.  Brownei  Kr.  &  Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant.  i.  367  (1899). 
M.  rectiflora  var.  Brownei  Tr.  <0  Planch,  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4, 
xvii.  365  (1862) ;  Urb.  in  Enyl.  Jahrb.  xxi.  514.  M.  scandens  etc. 


A,  Portion    of    climbing    shoot,    showing 

under  side  of  leaves  next  the  trunk 
with  rootlets  X  f,. 

B,  Portion  of  flowering  shoot  X  \. 

0,  Flower-bud  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 
D,  Flower  after  the  fall  of  the  corolla, 
nat.  size. 


B 


Fig.  68. — Marcgraria  Brownei  Kr.  <fc  Urb. 

E,  Ovary  cut  across  x  4. 

F,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise,  uat.  size. 

G,  Hollow    bract    containing    honey    ad- 

herent to  pedicel,  p,  which  beai  - 
its  apex  abortive  lloxver, /,  x 


N 


1"  n.oKA  OF  .1  \M.\II  A  Marcp 


.     -11,    /.     L'O  : 

Jiinnin-dii  Plants,  30.  .M  .  iiinhcllata  L.  Anm  it.  r.  ."»7(J 
i  1  700)  A-  N/>.  7V.  I'd.  '_',  719  (so  far  as  regards  reference  to  Jamaica)  ; 
/.  nan  llort.  Jam.  ',.  4(.»():  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  />.  25,  /.  i'-".1.'  . 
.IT^V.  Jam.  /.  141  ;  fr'mr/,.  Fl.  7>Y.  II'.  7W.  110  (in  part)  :  (m,n 
L.  tij>.  PL  cd.  1,  503).  Marcgralia  ,S',/;.  06s.  Bo/.  iMj:,.  Phyllitidi 
ndenti  all'mis  major  folio  crasso  subrotundo  Shane  Cat.  10  A: 
//W.  /.  74,  /.  28,  /.  1.  (Fig.  68.) 

Sloanc  Herb.   i.   64!    Browne  \    Shakspcarl  "  montes  frigid,  sylvos.," 

:rt.-\    Port   Royal    Mts.,   Pnrdicl    Claverty    Cottage   road,   J.P.   60^, 

Hurt  I   Morse's  Gap,  Watt  I    Hardware  Gap.  4000  ft.,  Harris*    also  G.  K. 

Xichollsl  Tweedside,  below  Moody's  Gap,  3500  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6022, 

10,121. 

Climbing  even  to  a  height  of  50  ft.,  glabrous.  Leaves  of  the  climbing 
stem  1-5-5  cm.  1.  to  4  cm.  br.,  roundish-elliptical,  subsessile,  apex 
rounded,  emarginate,  base  subcordate  ;  of  the  flowering  branches  7-13 
cm.  1.,  3-5  cm.  br.,  subsessile,  oblong,  apex  abruptly  cuspidate-acuminate, 
base  unequal-sided,  obtuse  to  somewhat  rounded,  midrib  prominent 
beneath,  nerves  inconspicuous  or  invisible  on  both  sides,  glands  somewhat 
rare  on  the  pellucid  margin,  beneath  with  6-8  rather  large  glandular  pores 
on  each  side,  starting  from  the  base  of  the  midrib  and  curving  to  near  the 
margin,  where  they  are  smaller  and  extend  to  the  apex.  Inflorescence 
with  13-19  perfect  flowers,  set  somewhat  straight  on  pedicels  ;  pedicels 
4-5  cm.  1.,  2  mm.  thick.  Bracts  usually  2-4,  sessile,  with  pedicel  attached, 
more  or  less  curved  inwards,  with  the  outer  lip  of  the  opening  prolonged 
and  recurved.  Sepals  5-6  mm.  1.  Corolla  ovoid,  about  1  cm.  1.,  7-8  mm. 
br.  Stamens  numerous.  Ovary  about  9-celled  ;  style  about  4  mm.  1. 
Fruit  about  11  mm.  in  diam.,  globose,  crowned  by  the  style.  Seeds  about 
1  mm.  1.,  3-sided,  back  rounded,  surface  pitted. 

2.  M.  braehysepala  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  17(1909).  M.  um- 
bellata  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  110  (1859)  (so  far  as  regards 
reference  to  Jamaica,  in  part);  Urb.  in  Enyl.  Jahrb.  ocxi.  517 
(so  far  as  above)  (non  _L.).  Marcgravia  of  Westmoreland 
A.  Robinson  descr.  &  icon.  ined.  P.  sc.  aff.  minor  folio  crasso 
oblongiori  ;  P.  sc.  an0,  minima  folio  crasso  oblongiori  ;  Sloane 
Cat.  15,  Hist.  i.  74,  /.  28,  /.  2,  3. 

!Mfc.  Diablo,  Archer's  Ridge,  Orange  River,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  65-67  '. 
Mrs.  Poore  (1779)  !  Wullschlaegel  ;  Phcenix  Park,  Moneague,  Prior  !  Tyre, 
1500  ft.  ;  near  Troy,  1600-2000  ft.  ;  Toms  Cave  Wood,  Clarendon,  2500  "ft.  : 
Harris  !  Cuna  Cuna  Pass;  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1500  ft.;  Harris  ct- 
Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  8647,  8767,  9444,  10,565,  10,688,  10,771,  10,859. 

Climbing  to  30  ft.,  glabrous.  Leaves  of  the  climbing  stem  1-4-  5  cm.  1., 
•5-2-5  cm.  br.,  subsessile,  ovate-oblong  to  ovate,  apex  obtuse,  base  cor- 
date; of  the  flowering  branches  5-10  cm.  1.,  3-4  cm.  br.,  subsessile,  ovate- 
elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong,  apex  acutely  acuminate,  base  rounded  or 
subtruncate,  nerves  on  upper  surface  scarcely  visible  or  very  slightly 
prominent,  beneath  more  or  less  slightly  prominent  with  a  network  of 
veins,  with  glands  sunk  into  the  margin,  beneath  with  3-5  rather  large 
pores  on  each  side  above  the  base,  and  with  some  very  small  pores  here 
and  there  near  the  margin  ;  petioles  3-5  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  with  15  to 
35  perfect  flowers,  set  obliquely  on  pedicels  ;  pedicels  2-3  cm.  1.,  -8  mm. 
thick  ;  abortive  flowers  3-7  at  the  apex  of  the  rhachis,  the  pedicels 
springing  at  a  distance  of  2-3  mm.  from  the  pedicels  of  the  perfect  flowers. 


Marcgravia  MARCGRAVIACE.-E  181 

Bracts  1  •  2-2  cm.  1.,  with  a  length  of  pedicel  below  them  of  1-1-5  cm. 
Sepals  about  1  mm.  1.  Corolla  ovoid  or  ovoid-ellipsoidal,  8-9  mm.  1., 
4-5  mm.  thick.  Stamens  8-14.  Ovary  5(4)-celled ;  style  1'5  mm.  1. 
Fruit  shortly  obovate-globulose,  barely  1  cm.  in  diam. 


FAMILY  LXX.     TERXSTRCEMIACEJE  (THEACE^E). 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  usually  simple  and 
leathery,  pinnate-nerved.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  axillary,  one 
or  few,  or  rarely  in  terminal  or  axillary  racemes,  regular,  usually 
hermaphrodite.  Bracteoles  often  2  under  the  calyx,  somewhat 
like  the  outer  sepals.  Sepals  generally  5,  free  or  shortly  united 
at  the  base,  overlapping.  Petals  usually  5,  hypogynous,  free  or 
more  often  cohering  at  the  base  into  a  ring  or  short  tube, 
generally  widely  overlapping.  Stamens  usually  indefinite, 
hypogynous,  generally  united  at  the  base  and  adhering  to  the 
corolla  and  falling  off  with  it.  Ovary  usually  free,  with  2-5  or 
indefinite  cells ;  ovules  2  to  indefinite  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
sometimes  fleshy,  leathery,  or  somewhat  woody,  and  not 
splitting  open,  sometimes  capsular,  valves  opening  loculicidally 
or  septicidally,  generally  leaving  a  persistent  axis.  Seeds  few 
or  indefinite,  attached  to  the  inner  angle,  placentas  often 
prominent,  spongy  or  fleshy  ;  endosperm  scanty  or  wanting,  or 
abundant  and  fleshy.  Embryo  a  little  shorter  than  the 
endosperm  when  present,  straight  or  curved,  horseshoe-shaped 
or  spiral ;  radicle  near  the  hilum ;  cotyledons  sometimes  half- 
cylindrical,  continuous  with  the  radicle,  not  wider  and  much 
snorter  than  it,  sometimes  much  larger  than  the  radicle. 

Species  200,  almost  all  growing  in  the  tropics  of  America, 
Asia,  and  the  East  Indian  Archipelago,  few  in  Africa,  some  are 
found  in  N.  America  and  Eastern  Asia  beyond  the  tropics,  but 
the  Family  is  wanting  in  Australasia. 

Ovary  2-5-celled.     Petals  less  than  1-5  cm.  1.     Fruit  not 

opening.     Seeds  curved  horseshoe-like. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite. 

Style  simple,  stigma  punctiform 1.   Tcrnstrcemia. 

Style  with  2-5  short  branches  at  apex,  stigmas  small  2.  Eroteum. 
Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious.      Style  wanting  or 

very  short,  stigmas  3  oval  to  oblong    3.  Freziera. 

Ovary  5-10-celled.     Petals  1'  5-3  cm.  1.     Fruit  a  capsule. 

Seeds  flattish,  winged 4.  Laplacca. 

[Ovary  3-5-celled.     Fruit  a  capsule.     Seeds  not  winged...        Camellia.] 

\.  TERNSTRCEMIA  Linn.  f. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  entire  (in  Jamaican  species)  or 
toothed-crenate,  nerves  and  veins  inconspicuous.  Peduncles 
1- flowered,  recurved,  axillary,  solitary  or  a  few  clustered,  with 


ISL*  FLORA   OF  JAMAICA  '!'•  rnaira  mia 

-  bra<-tenles  In  radi  llosvrr.  Flowers  white.  Sepals  ."»,  incre.-i  iir_ 
in  si/.r  in  fruit.  Petals  ~>-7,  united  ;it  base  or  even  to  one-hair 
tlu-ir  length,  very  soon  falling.  Stamens  indefinite,  usually  in 
t\\n  series,  rarely  in  one  or  sr\eral  :  outer  filaments  adhering  to 
thi-  base  of  the  corolla;  anthers  glabrous,  longer  than  filaments. 
;nective  more  or  less  prolonged.  Ovary  '2  (3,  4)-celled  :  style 
simple  :  stigma  or  stigmas  minute  or  more  or  hv-s  developed, 
entire  or  lobed  ;  ovules  several  to  '2  in  each  cell  (10—16  in 
•  lamaican  species),  hanging.  Fruit  crowned  by  the  persistent 
.-tyle,  not  splitting  open.  Seeds  rather  large,  curved  like  a 
horseshoe,  but  more  compressed:  endosperm  fleshy,  scanty: 
embryo  curved  ;  cotyledons  shorter  than  the  radicle,  halt'- 
cylindrical.  Wild  M  a  m  m  e  e-S  a  p  o  t  a,  Scarlet  Seed. 

Species  over  70,  most  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropic;d 
continental  America,  the  rest  natives  of  the  warmer  parts  of 
Asia,  especially  the  East  Indian  Archipelago. 

Sepals  in  fl.,  outer  roundish,  less  than  1'5  cm.  1. 
Petals  11-13  mm.  1.     Leaves,  apex  rounded  or  pointed 
obtuse,  narrowed  gradually  to  base  and  prolonged 
into  the  petiole 1.   T.  nramilata. 

Petals  7-10  mm.  1. 

Leaves,  apex  pointed  obtuse,  base  very  obtuse  or 
rounded,  suddenly  narrowed  or  contracted  into 
the  petiole 2.  T.  Hartii: 

Leaves,  apex  rounded  or  very  obtuse,  narrowed 
gradually  to  the  base  and  prolonged  into  the 

petiole 3.   T.  rostrata. 

Sepals  in  fl.,  outer  ovate-elliptical,  1-5  cm.  1.  or  more. 

Leaves,  apex  rounded,  base  rounded  to  wedge-shaped 

and  contracted  suddenly  into  the  petiole  4.   T.  calycina. 

1.  T.  granulata  Kr.  <{•  Url.  in  Engl.  Sot.  Jalirlt.  xxi.  ."»;;! 
(1896).  T.  obovalis  Griscl.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  103  (1859)  (in  part) 
(non  Rich.). 

In  fl.  May-Sept.;  Wriglit  \  McNabl  Purdiel  near  Browns  Town, 
Prior!  Ramble,  St.  Ann,  1700  ft-.L  Fawcett  &  Harris  !  near  Troy,  2000  ft. ; 
road  to  Holly  Mount,  2000  ft. ;  Ipswich,  St.  Elizabeth,  900  ft.  ;  Harris  ! 
near  Mile  Gully,  1700  ft.,  Harris  d  Brition  \  Fl.  Jam.  7026,  8786,  8987, 
10,021,  12,369.  ' 

Tree,  20-30  ft.  high  and  more.  Leaves  4-9  cni.  1.,  3-4  cm.  br.,  obovate- 
elliptical,  narrowed  gradually  to  the  base  and  prolonged  into  the  petiole, 
apex  rounded  or  pointed-obtuse,  on  both  sides  densely  granulate ;  margin 
narrowly  revolute ;  midrib  distinctly  channelled  on  upper  surface ; 
nerves  7-9,  slightly  prominent  beneath,  scarcely  or  not  evident  on  upper 
surface;  petioles  5-10  mm.  1.  Peduncles  2-4  cm.  1.  Bracteoles  ovate  to 
ovate-triangular,  4-5  mm.  1.,  3-4  mm.  br.,  margin  often  glandulose- 
denticellate,  back  more  or  less  keeled.  Floivers  white,  fragrant.  Sepals, 
outer  9-10  mm.  1.,  10-11  mm.  br.,  inner  9-10  mm.  ].,  8-9  mm.  br., 
increasing  in  fr.  to  1'5  cm.  1.,  roundish,  roundish-elliptical,  or  triangular- 
ovate,  the  outer  glandulose-denticulate  on  the  wrhole  margin  or  on  the 
lower  part.  Petals  11-13  mm.  1.,  obovate,  emarginate  at  apex,  falling  as 


Ternstrcemia 


TEl;XSTl;(EMIACE.-E 


183 


soon  as  the  fl.  expands.  Anthers  oblong  or  linear;  connective  prolonged, 
tongue-like.  Ovary  2-celled ;  cells  with  10-12  ovules ;  stigma  minute. 
Fruit  nearly  3  cm.  in  diam.,  spheroidal,  apex  rounded,  granulate.  Seeds 
(in  fruit  not  ripe)  more  than  1  cm.  1.,  covered  with  scarlet  papillae. 


D 


Fig.  69. — TernstroL'mia  yranulata  Kr.  &  Urb. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and 

young  flowers  x  §. 

B,  Flower,  nat.  size. 


C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  .si 

D,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  x  2. 


2.  T.  Hartii  Kr.  &  Url.  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jalirl.  xxi.  532  (1896). 
Arbor  minor  diffusa,  obscure  virens  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  368, 
t.  20,  /.  3  ;  Lunan  Hort.  Jam.  it.  149  (fide  Urban,  but  we  think 
that  it  is  more  likely  to  refer  to  T.  granulata). 

In  fl.  June,  in  f  r.  Sept. ;  Clevelands,  Portland,  J.P.  655,  Hart !  St.  George, 
2200  ft. ;  Mansfield,  Bath,  400  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5767,  6057. 

Tree,  25-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-11  cm.  1.,  3-5'5  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or 
obovate-elliptical,  very  obtuse  or  rounded  at  base,  suddenly  narrowed  or 
contracted  into  the  petiole,  apex  pointed-obtuse,  on  both  sides  granulate ; 
margin  flat;  midrib  slightly  impressed;  nerves  7-10,  scarcely,  or  not, 
visible  ;  petioles  6-10  mm.  1.  Peduncles  3-7  cm.  1.  Bracteolcs  3-4  (5)  mm.  1., 
ovate.  Sepals  roundish,  outer  5-6  mrn.  1.,  6'5-S  mm.  br.,  inner  5-8  mm.  1., 
6-7 '5  mm.  br.,  margin  usually  entire,  but  the  outer  sometimes  glandulose- 
denticulate,  at  any  rate  at  base.  Petals  8  mm.  1.,  obovate,  apex  not,  or 
only  slightly,  ernarginate.  Ovary  2-celled ;  cells  with  13-16  ovules ; 
stigma  minute.  Fruit  (from  Mansfield)  about  2  cm.  1.,  2 '5  cm.  br.,  ovoid- 
spheroid,  apex  rounded ;  pericarp  4-6  mm.  thick.  Seeds  narrowly  ovoid, 
8-9  mm.  1.  (or  more),  covered  with  scarlet  papillae. 

We  follow  Urban  in  including  provisionally  here  the  fruiting  specimen 
no.  6057  from  Mansfield. 


1X4  n."i;.v  OF  .JAMAICA  Terrutrcemia 


3.  T.  rostrata  A'/-.  <£•  Url.  in  7-:/«//.  />w.  .A////-/*.  am.  533  (1896). 

T.  meridionalis.'  Sir.  7>,Wy.  81  (1788)  it  Obs.  />'"/.  207  (in  part)  : 
Mucf.  -Inin.  i.  113  (non  Mnti*). 

In  fl.  throughout  the  year;  Wriglit  \  Jl<-r.  lAiuhaij*.  below  Trafalgar 
House,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  M/:cfn<l>/c)i  ;  McNabl  March  !  above  Egnor 
('•ap,  J.P.  964,  ]  fart  I  St.  George,  Gilbert  \  summit  of  John  Crow  Peak, 
Hritfim,  'JOG!  Fish  River  Mts.,  400  ft.  ;  N.E.  of  Dolphin  Head;  Harris'. 
Fl.  Jam.  10,259,  10,817. 

Tree,  30-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  3-5-10  cm.  1.,  2-5  cm.  br.,  obovate-elliptical 
or  narrowly  obovate-elliptical,  narrowed  gradually  to  the  base  and  usually 
prolonged  into  the  petiole,  apex  rounded  or  very  obtuse,  sometimes  slightly 
emarginate,  upper  surface  granulate,  margin  flat  or  slightly  recurved  ; 
nerves  6-8,  slightly  prominent  beneath,  not,  or  scarcely,  visible  on  the 
upper  surface;  petioles  5-7  mm.  1.  Peduncles  3-5-5  cm.  1.  Bractcoles 
roundish  to  ovate,  margin  entire,  not,  or  slightly,  keeled,  3-5  mm.  1., 
4-5  mm.  br.  Flowers  rather  showy,  white,  fragrant.  Sepals  green,  outer 
roundish,  inner  elliptical  or  elliptical-roundish,  in  fl.  7-12  mm.  1., 
7-10  mm.  br.,  in  fr.  outer  8-9  mm.  1.,  inner  11-14  mm.  1.  ;  margin  entire, 
rarely  denticulate  all  round.  Petals  oblong,  sometimes  somewhat  broader 
above,  7-10  mm.  1.  Ovary  2-celled;  cells  with  11  or  12  ovules;  stigma 
minute.  Fruit  l'5-2  cm.  in  diam.,  spheroidal,  or  roundish-ovoid, 
acuminate-beaked,  granulate.  Seeds  about  8,  ovoid  or  somewhat  narrowly 
ovoid,  more  or  less  compressed,  9-10  mm.  1.,  densely  covered  with  papillae. 

We  have  followed  Urban  in  recording  the  above  as  three  species  ; 
further  investigation  may  show  them  to  be  merely  forms  of  one  species. 
The  material  and  information  available  is  at  present  too  scanty  for 
decision. 

4.  T.  ealyeina  Faicc.  &  Rendle  in  Jonrn.  Bot.  Lv.  363  (1922). 

In  fl.  May,  in  young  fr.  July;  Peckham  woods,  Clarendon,  2500  ft., 
Harrisl  Fl.  Jam.  10,979,  11,035. 

Tree,  10-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-9  cm.  1.,  obovate-elliptical,  apex  rounded 
or  very  obtuse,  base  rounded  to  wedge-shaped  and  contracted  suddenly 
into  the  petiole,  upper  surface  wrinkled-granulate  ;  margin  slightly 
recurved,  leathery  ;  midrib  flat  or  scarcely  impressed  on  upper  surface, 
somewhat  prominent  beneath  ;  nerves  6-8,  comparatively  conspicuous  and 
more  or  less  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides  ;  petioles  5-8  mm.  1. 
Peduncles  1-5-2  cm.  1.  Bracteoles  7-9  mm.  1.,  ovate.  Sepals  17-13  mm.  1., 
11-9  mm.  br.,  ovate-elliptical,  crimson  ;  margin  glandulose-denticulate  or 
entire.  Petals  not  seen.  Ovary  2-celled  ;  style  (from  fl.  of  which  petals 
have  fallen)  9-12  mm.  1.  ;  stigma  2-punctate. 

2.  EROTEUM  Sw.  (Cleyera  Choisy). 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  papery  or  papery-leathery,  crenate 
or  crenulate,  toothed,  or  entire.  Peduncles  short,  axillary, 
solitary  or  often  clustered.  Flowers  small,  one  or  a  few  in  the 
axils.  Bracteoles  minute,  soon  falling.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5, 
alternate  with  the  sepals,  united  at  base  or  subfree.  Stamens 
12-30,  united  at  the  base  to  the  corolla;  anthers  usually  with 
bristly  hairs,  opening  near  the  apex,  much  shorter  than  the 
filaments.  Ovary  2-5-celled  ;  style  2-5-cleft  at  the  apex  only  or 
sometimes  to  the  base  ;  stigmas  small  ;  ovules  10-50,  attached  to 
a  placenta  at  the  middle  of  the  cell.  Fruit  berry-like,  not  splitting 


Eroteum 


TERNSTR(EMIACE.E 


185 


open.  Seeds  5-8,  horseshoe-shaped,  2-3  mm.  in  cliam.,  with 
fleshy  endosperm ;  embryo  horseshoe-shaped  ;  cotyledons  shorter 
than  the  radicle. 

Species  about  12,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 
continental  America  from  Mexico  to  Venezuela,  a  few  natives  of 
India  or  Japan. 

E.  theseoides  Sw.  Prodr.  85  (1788)  &  Ic.  ined.  t.  41  ;  G.  Maza 
in  Ann.  Hist.  Nat.  Madrid,  xix.  222  (1890).  Faicc.  &  Eendle  in 


B 


Fi£.  70. — Eroteum  thecKoides  Sw. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves 
and  flosver  x  ?,. 


B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

C,  Fruit  cut  across  x  2. 


Journ.  Bot.  Lc.  362.  Freziera  theoides  Sw.  FL  Lid.  Occ.  972, 
t.  19  (1800) ;  DC.  Prodr.  i.  524  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  115  ;  Bot.  Hay. 
t.  4546.  Cleyera  theoides  Clioisy  in  Mem.  Soc.  PTiys.  Geneve,  xiv. 
110  (1855)  (excl.  syn.  2V.);  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  103  (excl. 
syn.  Tul.  and  Cliois.} ;  Urb.  in  Enr/L  Bot.  Jalirb.  xxi.  538  &  in 
Ber.  Deutsrfi.  Bot.  Ges.  xiv.  1,  48.  (Fig.  70.)  Specimen  from 
Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wild   Damson. 

In  fl.  throughout  the  year;  Wright  \  Catherine  Peak,  Swartz  !  Moaicr  ! 
Macfadyen !  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  McNab  \  Purdie !  Wilson !  Portland  Gap, 
5550  ft.,  J.P.  654,  Morris  I  near  Cinchona,  J.P.  654,  Hartl  Morse's  Gap, 
Jam.  Bot.  Dept. !  St.  George;  Content  road,  3500  ft.;  John  Crow  Peak, 
5600  ft.;  Sir  John's  Peak,  6000  ft.;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5536,  6104,  6513, 
9514. —  Cuba,  Central  America. 


is.; 


(IF   JAMAICA 


or  /;w,  10  oil  ft.  high.     /.<  1-8  <  ra.  1.,  obovate  or  elliptical  ; 

petioles:'.  7  mm.  1.     Petfoncfe*  solitary  (or  2),  ]    iicm.1.     ,SY/ «//.•>•  1   r>mm.l., 

roundish    to    i-lliptical,  outer   2 -:•'•  --r),  inner    8'5  •'»    mm.  in    diam.     1'ctnh 

I  mm.  1.,  white  or  greenish-yellow.    /'/A  about  30.     .!»///./-.-  mall, 

'.i  1  or  a  few  bristly  hair-  on  thr  back.     On//  :ed;  ovules  14    H  in 

:   e.  11.     Fruit  globose,  8-10  mm.  in  diam.,  purple,  juicy.     .SV,v/.s  G-8, 

.m.  in  diam. 

:;  leaves  are  astringent  with  taste  exactly  that  of  tea.     (Swartz  and 
Macfadyen.) 

3.  FREZIERA  (Sw.)   Choisy  (emend.). 

Shrubs  or  small  tree-.  Leaves  usually  serrate-crenatc  ;md 
many-nerved.  Flowers  small,  1  or  several  clustered  in  the  axil 
<>f  the  leaf,  or  in  2  ranks  on  an  abbreviated  branch,  with  per- 

ent  bracteoles,  polygamous  or  dioecious  (rarely  hermaphrodite). 


D 


Pi;_r.  71. — Freziera  Grisebachii  Kr.  &  Tib. 


A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  arid  flowers 

X  i. 

B.  Female  flower  with  bracteoles  x  3. 

<J.  Ditto  with  sepals  cut  olf  near  base  and 


turned  back,  and  one  petal  cut  off, 
showing  staminodes  round  the  base 
of  the  ovary,  x  4. 
D,  Ovary  cut  across  x  10. 


Sepals  5.  Petals  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals,  scarcely  united  at 
the  base  or  free.  Male  or  hermaphrodite  Us.  :  Stamens  15-30, 
united  at  the  base  to  the  corolla  :  anthers  glabrous,  opening  to 
the  base,  much  shorter  than  the  filaments,  rarely  as  long  as  the 
smaller  filaments.  Ovary  3(2-5)-celled  ;  style  entire  ;  stigmas 
3(2-5),  oval  to  oblong,  short;  ovules  15-60,  attached  to  a 
placenta  intruded  into  the  middle  of  the  cell.  Female  fls.  : 
Staminodes  generally  fewer  ;  anthers  minute.  Ovary  and  style 
as  in  the  hermaphrodite  fl.  Fruit  not  opening,  dry.  Seeds 
10-50,  kidney-shaped,  '5-1  mm.  in  diam.,  embryo  somewhat 


Freziera  TEEXSTRCEMIACi:  18  V 

straight  or  slightly  curved;  cotyledons  about   half   as  short   as 
the  radicle. 

Species  about  20,  natives  of  the  ^\V-t  Indies  and  tropical 
continental  America. 

Sepals  4-5  mm.  1.     Petals  only  a  little  longer    1.  F.  Grisebachil. 

Sepals  1-5-2  mrn.  1.     Petals  about  3  times  as  long  ...  2.  F.  undulata. 

1.  F.  Griesbaehii  Kr.  <(•   Urb.  in  EngL  Sot.  Jaltrb.  xxi.  -~4i' 
(1896);    Griseb.    FL    Br.    W.  Lid.   104   (1859)   (as    regard-    the 
reference  to  Jamaica  under  F.  hirsuta  Sin.}.     Eroteum  hirsutum 
G.  Maza  in  Ann.  Hist.  Nat.  Madrid,  xix.  222  (1890). 

In  fl.  Nov.  ;  March;  Tweedside,  below  Moody's  Gap,  3150  ft.,  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5658,  6067.— Cuba. 

Tree,  30-40  ft.  high ;  branches  above  with  reddish  hairs,  below  glabres- 
cent.  Leaves  13-15  (7-17)  cm.  1.,  4-5-5  cm.  br.,  ovate-lanceolate,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  elliptical,  apex  generally  tapering  to  a  point,  sometimes 
acuminate  ;  petioles  10-15(-20)  mm.  1.  Peduncles  2-3  in  the  leaf-axil^, 
2-4  mm,  1.,  with  reddish  hairs.  Bracteoles  semicircular,  2-3  mm.  1. 
Sepals  4-5  mm.  1.  Petals  free  at  base,  5-6  mm.  1.,  white.  Female  fl.  : 
Staminodes  about  1'6  mm.  1.,  linear,  about  25  in  one  series.  Ovary  ovate- 
conical  ;  style  conical,  continuous  with  ovary  ;  ovary  and  style  4  rain.  1. ; 
stigmas  3,  short,  ovate,  blunt,  fleshy,  about  -5  mm.  1.  ;  ovules  about  50  in 
each  cell. 

2.  F.  undulata  Sw.  FL  Ind.  Occ.  974  (1800);  Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W.   Ind.    104;     Urb.   in   Ennl.   Jalirb.  xxi.   542   (incl.    all   vars.); 
Fawc.  d-  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.   Lc.   362.     F.  hirsuta  8m.  in  It^e* 
Cycl.    xv.    n.    4    (1819);    Griseb.    loc.    cit.    (in  part).      Eroteum 
undulatum  Sw.  Prodr.  85  (1788);    Valil  Symb.  ii.   61  :    Wikstr. 
Guad.  in  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  Stockholm,  1827  (1828). 

Wright  (Hb.  Forsyth)  !  Forsyth  (Forseith)  (fide  Vahl}.— St.  Kitts, 
Montserrat,  Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent, 
Grenada,  Trinidad. 

Tree  to  50  ft.  high ;  young  branches,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  bracteoles 
glabrate  or  densely  villose  in  var.  hirsuta.  Leaves  5-15  cm.  1.,  usually 
lanceolate,  acuminate  ;  petioles  5-15  mm.  1.  Peduncles  3-2  (1)  in  axils, 
3-5  (1-10)  nun.  1.  Sepals  l'5-2'5  mm.  1.,  roundish.  Petals  5-6  mm.  1., 
white.  Filaments  generally  20.  Anthers  glabrous,  lanceolate,  longer  than 
the  filaments.  Ovanj  3-celled  ;  ovules  15-20  in  each  cell.  Fruit  4-5  mm.  1. 

4.  LAPLACEA  H.  B.  &  K. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  toothed  or  crenate,  papery  or 
papery-leathery.  Flowers  solitary,  generally  subsessile  in.  the 
upper  axils,  hermaphrodite  or  unisexual.  Sepals  5,  unequal, 
varying  in  size  from  the  bracteoles  to  the  petals.  Petals  5-7. 
cohering  slightly  at  the  base.  Stamens  indefinite,  outer  or  all 
more  or  less  united  or  in  bundles  of  5  together  and  adhering  t« 
the  base  of  the  petals  ;  anthers  versatile.  Ovary  5— 10-celled  ; 
carpels  with  short  diverging  styles  at  apex,  or  with  sessile  and 
distinct  stigmas  ;  ovules  3-8  in  each  cell,  pendulous.  Capsule 


188 


FI/H;  \    (»F  JAMAICA 


BOmewhal  \\"ody.  sometimes  thin,  oblong.  opening  loculicidally, 
with  ]»ersistent.  axis.  Seeds  somewhat  Hat,  produced  at  the  apex 
into  an  oblong  wing;  endosperm  wanting;  embryo  straight, 
oblique  ;  cotyledons  oblong,  llat  :  radicle  short,  superior. 

Species  L'S,  natives  mostly  of  tropical  America,  including  the 
\\  est  Indies,  ."•  natives  of  the  East  Indian  Archipelago. 

Leaves  obovate,  villose  beneath  1.   I *.  rillosa. 

Leaves   elliptical,    with    inconspicuous    hairs 
beneath 2.  L.  h&matoxylon. 

1.  L.  villosa  Griseb.  Fl.  Ur.  W.  Ind.  104  (1859).     Gordonia 
villosa  Nacf.  Jam.   /.   117  (1S37).     Haemocharis  Choixy  in  Mem. 
Sor.  Plnjs.  Geneve,  xiv.  144  (1855)  ;   Urb.  in  EngL  tiof.  Jahrb.  xxi. 
547. 

In  fl.  July-Dec.  ;  Morse's  Gap,  Macfudijcn  !  Newhaven  Gap,  J.P.  987, 
Hartl 

Shrub,  5-8  ft.  high;  young  parts  of  branches  villose.  Leaves  5-10 
cm.  L,  3-5 '5  cm.  br.,  obovate,  apex  rounded  or  obtuse,  crenate  to  sub- 
entire,  papery-leathery,  beneath  villose  ;  petioles  1-3  mm.  1.  Peduncles 
3-6  mm.  1.,  densely  villose.  Flowers  white,  becoming  pinkish,  showy. 
Xrpals  12-15  mm.  1.,  with  silky  adpressed  hairs.  Petals  5-7,  obovate,  with 
silky  hairs  outside.  Ovary  5-celled ;  cells  with  6  or  7  ovules  in  each  ; 
styles  5,  about  1  mm.  1.  Capsule  2-5  cm.  1.  Seeds  5  in  each  cell. 

2.  L.  hsematoxylon  G.  Don  Gen.  Hist.  i.  569  (1831) ;  Griseb. 
Joe.   <•//.     Hitmocharis  hsematoxylon    Choizy  in   Mem.   Soc.   Pliys. 


Fig.  72. — Laplacea  hcematoxylon  G.  Don. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,   bud,        B,  Capsule  opened  with  2  valves  removed  ; 
and  flower  X  5.  <*>,  persistent  axis  ;  s,  seeds  x  1 ' . 

C,  Seed  x  2. 


Luplacea  TERNSTRCEMIACE.K  189 

Geneve  .<://•.  144  (185-3);  Urb.  torn.  /•//.  o4G.  Gordonia  hrema- 
toxylon  Sw.  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  1199  (1800);  Macf.  Jam.  i.  116. 
(Fig.  72.) 

Blood  wood,   Iron  wood. 

Wright  \  Broughtonl  Swartz  \  Bertero  ;  Macfadycn !  Jenmanl  Latimer, 
Cinchona  plantation,  Morris  !  Hart !  J.P.  594,  609,  902 ;  Vinegar  Hill, 
3950  ft. ;  Clydesdale,  3000  ft.  ;  near  Woodcutters'  Gap,  4300ft.  ;  Hardware 
Gap,  4000  ft. ;  Toms  Cave  Wood,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris  !  John  Crow 
(Blake)  Mts.,  1700  ft.,  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam.  5493,  5GG2,  6736,  10,124, 
10,763,  10,852. 

Tree,  15-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  apex  obtuse  or 
shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  base  narrowed  into  the  petiole,  crenulate 
or  serrate-crenate  chiefly  above,  papery,  with  inconspicuous  hairs  at  the 
base  and  on  midrib  beneath ;  petioles  4-8  mm.  1.  Flowers  large,  showy, 
white.  Peduncles  2-5  mm.  1.  Sepals,  larger,  9-11  mm.  1.,  puberulous. 
Petals  5  or  6,  obovate,  emarginate,  1-5-3  cm.  1.,  subglabrous.  Ovary 
5(6)-celled;  cells  with  about  5  ovules  in  each.  Capsule  1*5-2  cm.  1. 
Seeds  4-6  in  each  cell ;  wing  and  seed  10-14  mm.  1. 

The  wood  is  of  a  deep  red  colour,  very  hard,  heavy,  fine-grained,  and 
handsome.  It  is  suitable  for  building  purposes  in  exposed  situations,  for 
mill  work  and  for  turnery ;  it  might  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  boxwood. 

[THEA  L. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  leathery  or  membranous,  serrate. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary  or  somewhat  clustered.  Sepals  5-6, 
unequal.  Petals  shortly  cohering  at  the  base,  overlapping. 
Stamens  indefinite,  the  outer  in  indefinite  series  united  shortly 
or  nearly  to  the  apex,  and  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  petals, 
the  inner  5-1 2,  free.  Ovary  3-5-celled ;  styles  more  or  less 
united  or  free ;  ovules  4-5  in  the  cells,  pendulous.  Capsule 
woody,  opening  loculicidally.  Seeds  usually  solitary,  somewhat 
thick,  not  winged  ;  endosperm  none  ;  embryo  straight,,  cotyledons 
thick,  radicle  short,  superior. 

Species  16,  growing  in  tropical  or  eastern  Asia. 

T.  sinensis  L.  82).  PL  515  (1753);  Urb.  in  EngL  Bot. 
Jaltrb.  xxi.  549  ;  Szyszylowicz  in  Encjl.  d-  PrantlPflanzenfam.  Hi.  6, 
lS2,fig.  92.  T.  Bohea  L.  Sp.  PL  eel  2,  734  (1762).  '  T.  viridis 
L.  torn.  cit.  735;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3148;  3/ac/.  Jam.  i.  118.  Tea 
Bull.  Dept.  Afjric.  Jamaica,  i.  150  <fc  new  ser.  i.  176.  Camelli;i 
sinensis  Kuntze  in  Ada  Hort.  Petrop.  x.  195  in  obs.  (1887). 
C.  Thea  Link  Enum.  ii.  73  (1822);  Bentl  &  Trim.  Mcd,  PL  i. 
t.  34.  C.  A-iridis  Link  loc.  cit.  (Fig.  73.) 

Tea. 

Naturalized  in  Blue  Mts.     Native  of  Asia. 

Shrub,  5-10  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-11  cm.  L,  elliptical  to  lanceolate. 
Flowers  solitary,  drooping,  white,  slightly  fragrant.  Peduncle  5-10  mm.  1. 
Petals  5-9,  roundish,  slightly  clawed.  Stamens  united  at  the  base. 
Ovary  3-celled.  Capsule  1-5-2  cm.  in  diani.,  3-lobed,  3-celled,  3-valvecl. 
Seeds  1-1  •  5  cm.  in  diain.,  light-brown,  1  or  2  in  each  cell. 


L90 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Tl 


'  •'   introduced  int<>  ."Tainnira  in    1771    ( iiull.  Bept. 

•famai<  0,  l'J(i:;i,  ;lnd  .->oun  became  naturalized  in  the  JJlue  Mts.] 


Fig.  73. — TJtea  sine/isi*  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and  C,  Petals  with  stamens  x  2. 

flower  X  -,.  D,  Ovary  cut  across,  nat.  size. 

B,  Section  of  flower  with  sepals  and  E,  Capsule  x  H. 

petals  cut  off  X  2.  F,  Seed,  nat.  size. 

(A,  C-E  after  Bentley  &  Trimen  ;  B,  F  after  Szyszylowicz.) 


FAMILY  LXXI.     GUTTIFER^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  sometimes  epiphytic,  with  resinous  sap,  often 
yellow  or  greenish.  Leaves  opposite,  generally  decussate,  rarely 
whorl ed,  leathery,  penninerved,  simple,  entire,  without  stipules. 
Flowers  terminal  or  axillary,  sometimes  solitary  or  clustered, 
sometimes  in  few-flowered  cymes,  or  in  trichotomous  panicles,  or 
raceme-like  panicles,  white,  yellow,  or  pink ;  regular,  dioecious, 
polygamous,  or  hermaphrodite  (in  Symphonia).  Sepals  2-6, 
rarely  indefinite,  widely  overlapping  or  decussate,  persistent. 
Petals  2-6,  rarely  indefinite,  contorted  or  sometimes  overlapping. 
Male  flowers :  Stamens  numerous,  very  rarely  definite,  hypo- 
gynous ;  filaments  free  or  variously  combined,  sometimes  united 
without  form  into  a  fleshy  mass  or  combined  into  as  many 
bundles  as  there  are  petals  and  opposite  to  them,  sometimes  long 


Clusia  GUTTIFER/E  I'.'l 

and  thread-like.  Ovary  wanting,  or  more  or  less  developed. 
Female  or  hermaphrodite  flower :  Staminodes  or  stamens  sur- 
rounding the  ovary,  often  definite  or  fewer  in  number  and  not 
combined  to  such  an  extent  as  the  stamens  of  the  male  flower. 
Ovary  with  2  or  more  cells  or  1-celled  in  Calophyllum ;  ovules 

1  to  indefinite  in  each  cell,  attached  to  the  central  angle  or  erect 
from  the  base  in  Galopliijlhim.     Stigmas  as  many  as  the  cells  of 
the  ovary,  various  in  form,   sessile  or  at  the   apex    of    separate 
styles.      Fruit  generally  fleshy-leathery,  sometimes  not  opening, 
berry-like  or  drupaceous,  sometimes  opening  septicidally  into  as 
many  valves  as  cells.      Seeds  thick,  often  with  an  aril  or  stroph- 
iole,  without  endosperm.       Embryo  filling   the  seed,  sometimes 
consisting  of  a  thick  radicle  with  the  cotyledons  minutely  scale- 
like    or   on    the    whole    inconspicuous,    sometimes    divided    into 

2  cotyledons  united  without  form  or  scarcely  separable,  radicle 
very  short,  inferior. 

Species  830,  all  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Petioles  with  a  large  pit  inside  at  base    2.  Rheedia. 

Petioles  without  a  pit. 

Stamens  forming  a  tube  round  pistil  3.  SympJwnia. 

Stamens  free  or  united  only  at  base. 

Style  wanting  or  very  short.      Ovary  4-10-celled  with 

indefinite  ovules    1.   Clusia. 

Style  long  or  not  very  short. 

Ovary  1-celled  with  1  ovule    4.  Calopliylluiu. 

Ovary  2-4-celled  with  4  ovules 5.  Mammea. 

\.  CLUSIA  L. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  often  epiphytic,*  rarely  climbing.  A  viscid 
resinous  yellow  sap  flows  from  every  part  when  cut.  Leaves 
leathery,  with  a  strong  midrib,  but  without  nerves  or  with 
numerous  pinnate  nerves.  Flowers  dioecious,  polygamous,  or 
hermaphrodite,  at  the  ends  of  branches,  sometimes  rather  large 
and  solitary  or  few,  sometimes  rather  small  in  panicled  cymes. 
Bracts  2-6.  Bracteoles  2-14,  decussate  in  pairs,  sepal-like,  but 
smaller.  Sepals  4-6,  roundish,  decussate  in  pairs  or  overlapping. 
Petals  4-10,  obovate  or  oblong,  overlapping  or  decussate.  Male 
flowers  :  Stamens  in  male  flowers  indefinite,  usually  numerous, 
free  or  more  or  less  united  at  base  (in  W.  Indian  species),  some- 
times all  growing  together  into  a  sessile  globose  mass  or  into  an 
upright  column,  with  the  anthers  immersed,  sometimes  the 
interior  or  exterior  growing  together  and  sterile,  while  the 
anthers  of  the  exterior  or  interior  are  free  ;  anthers  with  '2 

The  epiphytic  habit  is  due  to  birds  getting  rid  of  the  seeds  on  the 
branches  of  trees,  which  germinate  there,  and  send  their  roots  down  the 
trunk  to  the  ground  below,  eventually  smothering  their  host. 


1'.>1'  run: A   OF  JAMAICA 

C-arely  indefinite)  cells,  opening  l»y  M  longitudinal  chink  on  each 
le  «>r  in  various  ways.  l-Vinale  Mowers:  Staminodes  f>  to 
several,  free  or  united,  without  anthers  or  anthers  more  or  |. 
without  pollen.  Ovary  4-1 0-celled  ;  stignms  radiating,  sessile  or 
with  short  thick  styles,  distinct  or  iin-re  or  less  combined  ;  ovules 
indefinite  in  the  cells,  anatropous,  attached  at  or  near  the  inner 
an^le,  usually  more  or  less  horizontal.  Capsule  thick,  leathery 
or  lleshy,  opening  at  length  septicidally,  showing  the  angular- 
winged  axis.  Seeds  generally  indefinite,  enclosed  in  a  fleshy 
aril:  embryo  thick-fleshy,  cotyledons  minute  and  scale-like  at 
the  apex.  Balsam  Tree,  Wild  Fig. 

Species  about  100,  growing  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 
and  subtropical  continental  America. 

Bracteoles  6-4.   Fruit  2-2  •  5  cm.  1.    Stigmas  about  12.  2.  C.  flava. 
Bracteoles  2-4. 

Fruit  5-8  cm.  1.     Stigmas  6-9.     Sepals  to  2  cm.  1.  1.  C.  rosea. 
Fruit  less  than  3  cm.  1.     Stigmas  5  (sometimes  4 

in  No.  3). 
Sepals  4-6  mm.  1. 

Fruit  about  18  mm.  1 3.  C.  havetioides. 

Fruit  12-14  mm.  1 4.  C.  stcnocarpa. 

Sepals  18  mm.  1.     Fruit  2-2*5  cm.  1 5.  C.  clarcndonensis. 

1.  C.  rosea  Jacq.  Enum.  34  (1760)  &  Sel  Stirp.  Amer.  270  ; 
L.  Sp.  PL  eel  2,  1495  ;  Tussac  Fl  Ant.  iv.  42,  t.  15  (under  C.  rossea)  ; 
tinsel.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  107;  Vesque  Guttifcrse  in  DC.  Nonogr. 
Pltan.  viii.  108  ;  Engler  Pflanzenfam.  Hi.  6,  226  ;  Cook  d-  Coll.  in 
Conirib.  U.S.  Herb.  viii.  119,  t.  28;  Urb.  Syn,b.  Ant.  iv.  414  & 
viii.  439  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Sail.  FL  281.  C.  major  L.  Sp.  PL  509 
(1753)  (in  part  and  var.  /3).  C.  silvicola  Britton  in  Torr.  Bot. 
Cl.  Bull,  xxxvii.  354  (1910).  C.  flore  roseo  &c.  Plum.  Ic.  ined. 
(HI.  M'us.  Brit.}  ii.  103.  Cenchramidia  &c.  Phik.  Pltyt.  t.  157, 
/.  2  ;  Catesby  Carol,  ii.  t.  99.  (Fig.  74.)  Type  from  Catesby  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

~\Iarcli\  Grounds  of  Hope  Gardens,  Fawccttl  coastal  thickets,  Blue- 
fields  (25  ft.  high,  growing  on  Dipholis)  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  10,197  ;  wooded 
hill  near  Dolphin  Head,  1300  ft.,  Britton  2330 !— Bahamas,  West  Indies, 
Panama,  Venezuela. 

Tree,  20-50  ft.  high,  growing  on  other  trees  or  rocks.  Leaves  9-18  cm.  L, 
obovate,  apes  rounded  or  rounded-retuse,  narrowed  towards  the  base, 
wedge-shaped  or  obtuse,  margin  scarcely  recurved,  midrib  on  upper  surface 
slightly  prominent  below,  flat  or  disappearing  above,  very  prominent 
beneath  but  disappearing  near  apex,  nerves  numerous,  parallel,  slightly 
prominent  on  both  sides;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  3-5  cm.  1., 
with  1,  2  or  3  flowers,  with  the  oldest  in  the  centre.  Bracts  ovate,  about 
6  mm.  1.  Bracteoles  2-4,  sepal-like,  but  smaller.  Flowers  polygamous. 
Sepals  4-6,  to  2  crn.  1.  Petals  6-8,  3-4  cm.  1.,  pink  and  white,  obovate  or 
obcordate.  Male  flowers  :  Stamens  :  outer  fertile  in  several  series,  at  the 
base  more  or  less  united  to  form  a  cup  or  ring,  anthers  narrow,  cuspidate 
with  the  prolonged  connective,  cells  2,  linear,  opening  by  a  longitudinal 
chink ;  inner  sterile,  grown  together  into  a  solid  resinous  mass.  Female 


Clusia 


GUTTIFEILE 


193 


flowers  :  Staminodes  grown  together  to  form  a  cup.     Stigmas  6-9.     Fruit 
globose,  greenish  or  nearly  white,  5-8  cm.  in  diam.,  6-8-celled. 

"  The  seeds  contain  a  pitchy  resin,  which  is  used  [in  Virgin  Islands], 
for  caulking  the  seams  of  boats,  for  which  purpose  it  is  said  to  be  the 
equal  of  asphalt.  This  is  recovered  in  an  ingenious  manner.  The  seeds 


Fig.  74.— Clusia  rosca  L. 


A,  Female    flower    with    the    petals    re- 

moved, nat.  size  ;  s,  sepals  ;  a,  sta- 
rninodes. 

B,  Double  ring  of    stamens  surrounding 

pistil  of  hermaphrodite  flower,  nat. 
size. 

C,  Portion  of  the  staminal  ring,  enlarged. 

(A  after  Schlechtendal ;  B,  C  after  de  Tussac  ;  D,  E,  F  after  Engler.) 


D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  | ;  e,  exocarp 

r,  resin  passage  ;  p,  placenta  ;  s,  seeds. 

E,  Portion  of  same  cut  across,  showing 

one  cell  with  the  seeds  attached  to 
the  placentas. 

F,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  X  3. 


are  set  in  an  ordinary  dutch  stove,  and  set  alight,  burning  readily.  The 
melting  resin  flows  down  through  the  grate,  and  is  collected  in  the  ash 
chamber  below."  (Note  in  Hb.  Kew  from  Comm.  of  Agric.  W.I.,  1913.) 

2.  C.  flava  Jacq.  Enum.  34  (1760),  Sel  Stirp.  Amer.  272, 
t.  167,  &L  Ed.  pict.  t.  251;  L.  Sp.  PL  ed,  2,  1495;  Andrews 
Repos.  t.  223  ;  May  cock  Flora  Barbadensis  398  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  134  ; 
Nutt.  N.  Amer.  Sylva  ii.  Ill,  t.  77  (1852);  Griseb.  loc.  cit. ; 
Vesque  Guttiferse  torn.  cit.  81  ;  Small  Fl  S.E.  U.S.  782.  C.  major 
L.  Sp.  PI  509  (1753)  (in  part)  &  Amcen.  v.  383.  C.  arborea  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  236  (excl.  syn.  Catesb.  &  Pink.).  Terebinthus 

V.  0 


l'.!4  FLORA   ()F   JAMAICA  Clutia 

folio    simjuhiri    &c.   SIuun>'    ('«(.    167,   ///*/.    //.   91,   /.    L'OO,   /.    1 
(excl.  fruit).      Specimen  i'nnn   I5ro\vne  in  HeH>.   Linn. 

Sloan*'  Herb.  vi.  107  (oxcl.  fruit)!  Jfroirncl  }\'ngJtt  !  M<IIT!I  !  Moneagur, 
l'rior\  Ferry,  Qrdbham\  ^lahvrn,  J/J.S-N  l;,irn>irs  I  Flridge  Hill,  1500ft.; 
(ireat  Goat  Is. ;  Potsdam,  2600ft.;  Kentucky  Hill,  Elm-fields  Mt.,  2000- 
2500  ft.;  sea-coast,  Xegril;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  70*7,  VK376,  0'.J7C.,  10,21:;, 
10,223. — Barbados  (fide  J/T/J/O',  /',  i.  ( .  raml  Caynuui  (Hitchcock},  Florida  Keys 
(tide  Nut  tall). 

Tree,  15-30  ft.  high,  growing  on  rocks  and  trees,  often  killing  its  tree 
host  and  then  supported  by  its  own  roots.  Leaves  6-14  cm.  1.,  obovate, 
apex  rounded  or  rounded-truncate,  narrowed  towards  the  base,  wedge- 
shaped  or  obtuse,  margin  usually  slightly  recurved,  midrib  on  upper 
surface  more  or  less  flat,  sometimes  slightly  impressed  below,  usually 
disappearing  above,  prominent  beneath  but  disappearing  above,  nerves 
parallel,  11-15,  usually  conspicuous  and  prominent  beneath,  not  so  much 
so  on  upper  surface,  sometimes  inconspicuous  or  not  visible  on  both  sides  ; 
petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence :  male  3-5  cm.  1.,  with  2-7  flowers ; 
female  usually  solitary.  Bracts  4-6,  3  mm.  1.  JJracteoles  6-14,  sepal-like 
but  smaller  and  decreasing  in  size  gradually  downwards,  sometimes  also 
6-8  on  pedicels  still  smaller.  Sepals  4,  9-11  mm.  1.  Petals  4,  opposite 
the  sepals,  one  pair  larger  than  the  other,  pale  yellow,  obovate,  apex 
truncate,  very  thick,  2-2 -5  cm.  1.  Male  flowers:  Stamens  very  many, 
inserted  on  a  receptacle,  crowded,  free;  filaments  very  short;  anthers 
opening  along  the  sides,  oblong,  basifixed,  not  cuspidate.  Ovary  very 
small,  sterile,  with  four  3-rayed  stigmas.  Female  flowers  :  Staminodes 
8-12  in  4  bundles,  free,  with  anthers.  Stigmas  about  12,  distinct,  persistent. 
Fruit  subglobose,  2-2 '5  cm.  in  diarn.,  with  about  12  cells  and  12  valves. 
Seeds  several. 

3.  C.  havetioides  Planch.  tO  Tr.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xiii. 
368  (1860) ;   Vesque  Guttif.  torn.  cit.  57.     Tovomita  havetioides 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  106  (1859). 

Wilson  \  above  Ferry,  Purdiel  Chester  Vale;  road  to  "Whitfield  Hall, 
4000  ft. ;  near  Clydesdale,  4400  ft. ;  Harris  !  Schwallenburg,  Faiccett  <£ 
Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5356,  6053,  6521,  7013;  Cinchona,  G.  Nichols  !  New 
Haven  Gap,  5600  ft. ;  Vinegar  Hill  Road,  4500  ft. ;  Pessin. 

Tree,  15-20  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-10  cm.  1.,  obovate-elliptical,  obovate  to 
oblanceolate,  apex  rounded,  base  wedge-shaped,  narrowing  into  the  broad 
petiole,  margin  recurved,  midrib  on  upper  surface  dightly  prominent 
above,  canaliculate  below,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  numerous,  parallel, 
usually  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides ;  petioles  flat  above,  slightly 
margined,  1*5- '5  cm.  1.,  or  even  less.  Inflorescence  :  male  cymes  com- 
pound, densely  corymbiform,  terminal ;  female  with  1  or  3  flowers. 
Male  flowers  :  Bracts  ovate,  2-5  mm.  1.  Bracteoles  2,  ovate-triangular  or 
roundish,  2-2 '5  mm.  1.  Serials  4  (5),  irregularly  elliptical,  about  5  mm.  1. 
Petals  5  (6),  about  6  mm.  1.  Stamens  numerous,  free ;  filaments  2-3 
mm.  1. ;  anthers  ellipsoidal,  opening  at  the  sides.  Female  flowers  :  some- 
what larger  than  male.  Stigmas  5  (4).  Fruit  (?ripe)  ovoid  or  ovoid- 
ellipsoidal,  5(4)-celled,  18  mm.  1. 

4.  C.  stenoearpa   Vrl.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  433  (1908). 

Green  Hill,  3000  ft.  ;  between  Hardware  Gap  and  Rose  Hill,  3600  ft.  ; 
Harris\  Fl.  Jam.  5929,  10,134. 

Tree,  20-35  ft.  high.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  L,  4-8 -5  cm.  br.,  broadly  obovate, 
apex  rounded,  base  narrowed  more  or  less  abruptly  into  the  short  petiole, 


Clusia  GUTTIFER^E  195 

margin  recurved,  midrib  on  upper  surface  slightly  prominent  above,  some- 
what impressed  below,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  as  in  C.  havetioides  ; 
petioles  4-7  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  (in  fruit)  to  5  cm.  1.,  regularly  branched, 
15-flowered.  Bracts,  primary  ovate,  acuminate,  to  6  mm.  1.,  upper  shorter 
and  more  triangular.  Bracteoles  2  or  4,  2-3  mm.  1.,  lower  triangular,  the 
upper  sepal-like.  Female  flowers  :  Sepals  4,  roundish-ovate,  4-5  mm.  1. 
Petals  (fide  Urban)  obovate,  broadly  clawed,  6-8  mm.  1.,  4  mm.  br.  above. 
Stigmas  5,  sessile.  Fruit  ellipsoidal  or  ellipsoidal-oblong,  5-celled,  slightly 
fleshy,  12-15  mm.  1.  Seeds  6-9  in  each  cell,  2-5  mm.  1. 

5.  C.  elarendonensis  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xxxix.  1 

(1912). 

In  fr.   July  and  Dec. ;   Peckham  woods,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.,  Harris  \ 
Fl.  Jam.  10,992,  12,793. 

Tree,  15  ft.  high,  low,  spreading,  growing  on  limestone  rocks.  Leaves 
5-10  cm.  1.,  4-8  cm.  br.,  broadly  obovate,  apex  rounded-retuse  or  rounded, 
base  narrowed  into  the  short  petiole  (4-6  mm.  1.)  or  truncate,  sessile, 
margin  flat  or  slightly  recurved,  midrib  on  upper  surface  slightly  prominent 
above,  somewhat  impressed  below,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  as  in 
C.  havetioides.  Inflorescence  (in  fruit)  5-8  cm.  1.,  with  a  terminal  and  2 
lateral  flowers.  Bracts,  primary  and  secondary,  ovate,  triangular,  5-8 
mm.  1.  Bracteoles  2,  semicircular,  4  mm.  1.  Female  flowers  :  Sepals  4, 
outer  roundish,  inner  elliptical,  about  8  mm.  1.  (in  fr.).  Stigmas  5, 
sessile.  Fruit  2-2 -5  cm.  1.,  ellipsoidal,  5-celled.  Seeds  about  7  in  each 
cell,  3-4  mm.  1. 

2.  RHEEDIA  L. 

Trees,  with  yellow  sap.  Leaves  rigidly  leathery,  with  pinnate 
nerves;  petioles  with  a  margined  pit  inside  at  the  base.  Peduncles 
axillary  or  lateral,  1-flowered,  in  clusters.  Flowers  polygamo- 
dicecious,  generally  small.  Sepals  2,  united  at  the  base,  over- 
lapping at  the  apex  or  on  one  side  valvate.  Petals  4,  decussately 
overlapping,  the  outer  alternate  with  the  sepals.  Male  flowers  : 
Stamens  indefinite,  free,  inserted  around  the  base  of  a  hemi- 
spherical thick  fleshy  disk  ;  anthers  small,  2-celled,  opening 
longitudinally.  Hermaphrodite  flowers :  Stamens  round  the 
disk  in  a  single  series.  Ovary  situated  on  the  disk,  3-4(5)- 
celled ;  stigma  peltate-discoid,  subsessile  or  with  a  short  style; 
ovules  solitary  in  each  cell,  erect,  attached  at  the  inner  angle 
above  the  base.  Fruit  a  berry,  with  a  leathery  wall,  1 -celled  by 
the  disappearance  of  the  partition  walls,  with  1-5  seeds,  crowned 
by  the  persistent  stigma.  Seeds  enclosed  in  an  aril-like  pulp, 
ovoid  or  oblong,  seed-coat  thin.  Embryu  large,  fleshy,  resinous ; 
cotyledons  very  small  or  wanting. 

Species  32,  of  which  13  are  found  in  the  AVest  Indies,  and 
the  rest  in  tropical  continental  America. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  broadly  ovate,  32-30  cm.  1. 

Petals  6-7  mm.  1 1.  R.  latcriflora. 

Petals  about  10  mm.  1 2.  B.  sessiliflora. 

Leaves  narrowly  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  5-12  cm.  1. 

Petals  3  mm.  1 3.  11.  pcndula. 

O    '_' 


100 


FLORA    OK    JAMAICA 


/,'//'  •••ilia 


1.  R.  lateriflora  L.  Sp.  PI.  1193  (1753);    Tussac  Fl  Ant.  /'//. 
104,   /.  32;  Dfxcoiirt.  Fl.  Ant.  v.   149,  /.  343;   /'/,//„•//.  ,(•  Tr.  in 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xer.  4,  .r/r.  307  ;    Vcsqiie  in  DC.  N<>innjr.  PlidntTo//. 
ri't.  497  ;   Urb.  Si/ntb.  Ant.  vlil.  440.     Vanrheedia  7V/////.  (ten.  45, 
/.  IS.      Rheedia  PZttm.  PL  Amcr.  (Jlurm.)  2r>f>,  /.  L'57.     Al.-unmea 
humilis  Vail  Eclog.  ii.  40,  t.  20  (1798);  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Intl. 
1US  (excl.  syn.  Gan-lnin  macrophylld). 

\\  i  Id    INIaminee. 

Wriijhi !  high  woods,  Pedro,  7'/m//V  !  M'arch  !—  Hispaniola,  Montserrat, 
Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Vincent,  Trinidad. 

TWc,  medium  height.  Z/<VMV.S  12-28  cm.  L,  elliptical,  apex  acute,  base 
obtuse  to  very  obtuse,  or  sometimes  subcordate,  or  acute,  running  down 
into  the  peiiole,  thick,  nerves  12-20,  with  the  veins,  prominent  on  both 
sides ;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  Pedicels  several  in  axils  of  fallen  leaves, 
1-2  cm.  1.,  of  fruit  1-5-2-5  cm.  1.  Sepals  2  (3,4),  1-5  mm.  1.  Petals  4  (6), 
elliptical,  2  broader,  white,  G-7  mm.  1.  ,S7mm  ;/.-;  UO-12.  Ovary  3-4-celled  ; 
stigmas  3-4.  Fruit  ellipsoidal  to  subglobose,  yellow,  acuminate,  3-4  cm.  1. 
Seeds  3-1. 

2.  R.  sessiliflora  Pluncli.  ex  Vcsque  Epliarm.  ii.  23,  /.  62  (1889) 
&    DC.   Monogr.   Phancroy.  viii.   500.      R.    lateriflora    L.    forma 
Planclt.  <0  Tr.  loc.  cit.  (1860).     (Fig.  75.) 


B 


C 


Fig.  75. — Rhecdia  scss'dijlora  Planch. 

A,  Leaf  showing  pit  at  base  of  petiole       C,  Hermaphrodite  flower  cut  length- 

X  .!.  wise  x  11. 

B,  Male  flower  x  1J.  D,  Fruit  x  :-;. 

(D  after  Vesque.) 


Eheedia  GUTTIFER^E  197 

Wild   Lime. 

High  woods,  Manchester,  and  St.  Ann,  Purdie  1  near  Manchioneal, 
Jenoure !  Shooters  Hill,  Scharschmidt !  Glasgow,  near  Troy,  1400  ft.  ; 
Tyre,  near  Troy,  2000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500ft.  ;  Harris  I  PI.  Jam. 
8668,  9471,  10,965. 

Tree,  12-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  10-17  cm.  1.,  6-11  cm.  br.,  broadly  ovate 
to  oblong-elliptical,  apex  generally  acute,  base  very  obtuse  to  subcordate, 
thick,  nerves  15-20,  with  veins,  prominent  on  both  sides;  petioles 
1-5-2  cm.  1.  Pedicels  several  in  axils,  4-15  mm.  1.  in  fl.  Sepals  4-5  mm. 
in  diam.,  roundish.  Petals  about  1  cm.  1.,  roundish,  greenish-yellow  or 
pale  yellow,  two  outer  broader  (12-13  mm.  br.),  two  smaller.  Male  flowers  : 
Stamens  25-30.  Female  flowers :  Stamens  about  10.  Ovary  4-celled. 
Stigmas  4,  broad,  reflexed.  Fruit  (fide  Vesque)  ellipsoidal,  apex  gradually 
and  long  acuminate,  crowned  by  the  persistent  stigma,  at  the  base 
contracted,  6  cm.  1.,  3-5  cm.  br.,  tip  1  cm.  1. 

3.   R.  pendula  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  368  (1899). 

March  !  below  Vinegar  Hill,  3500-3900  ft. ;  near  Mabess  River,  4000  ft.  ; 
Battersea  wood,  near  Christiana,  3000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ; 
Harris !  PL  Jam.  7451,  7888,  8278,  10,102,  11,208. 

Shrub  or  tree,  8-30  ft.  high,  with  drooping  branches.  Leaves  5-12(-16) 
cm.  1.,  narrowly  elliptical-  or  ovate-oblong,  apex  acuminate  and  usually 
folded  but  not  spiny,  base  obtuse  or  acute,  nerves  15-25,  with  the  veins, 
prominent  on  both  sides;  petioles  8-15  mm.  1.,  margined.  Male  flowers  : 
Pedicels  5-8  in  axils,  3-8  mm.  1.  Sepals  about  1  mm.  1.  Petals  about 
3  mm.  L,  roundish-elliptical  or  semicircular.  Stamens  8-9,  unequal,  half 
as  long  to  as  long  as  the  petals.  Disk  fleshy  with  an  umbo  at  apex. 
Hermaphrodite  flowers  :  Pedicels  lengthening  in  fruit  to  3*5  cm.  1.  Sepals 
as  in  male  fl.  Petals  not  seen.  Stamens,  some  persisting  in  the  young 
fruit,  apparently  as  in  male.  Stigmas  broad,  spreading,  persisting  in  the 
fruit.  Ovary  3-4-celled.  Fruit  ellipsoidal,  acuminate,  5-8  cm.  1.,  fleshy 
on  outside,  1-celled  with  2  or  3  cells  undeveloped.  Seed  one. 


3.  SYMPHONIA  Linn.  f. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  with  yellowish  sap.  Leaves  thin-leathery, 
pinnate-nerved  with  the  nerves  parallel  and  close  together. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite,  terminal,  generally  scarlet,  rather  large, 
subumbellately  paniculate  or  rarely  solitary.  Sepals  5,  over- 
lapping. Petals  5,  larger  than  the  calyx,  forming  a  globular 
corolla  before  spreading.  Disk  below  the  stamens,  cup-like. 
Stamens  united  into  a  tube  with  5  narrow  lobes  above  opposite 
the  petals,  the  lobes  bearing  3  or  4  anthers  outside  below  the 
apex  ;  anthers  linear,  adhering,  parallel.  Ovary  enclosed  in  the 
stamina]  column,  5-celled ;  style  long,  radiately  5-lobed  at  the 
apex,  lobes  minutely  stigmatic  at  the  apex ;  ovules  6-8  in  each 
cell.  Fruit  a  globose  or  ovoid  berry.  Seeds  few,  sometimes 
solitary,  coat  thin,  veiny.  Embryo  of  the  same  form  as  the  seed, 
undivided,  cotyledons  wanting,  radicle  very  large. 

Species  15,  one  (S.  ylobnl/frra  Linn,  f.)  widely  dispersed  in 
the  tropics  of  America  and  Africa,  another  native  of  tropical 
Africa,  the  rest  natives  of  Madagascar. 


IDS 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Symphonia 


S.  globulifera  Linn.  f.  SuppL  302  (1781);  Planet  .  .{•  Tr.  in 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ttr.  4,  .r/r.  287  ;  Etujl.  In  Fl.  Bras.  xii.  pt.  1,  4GH, 
/.  108  ;  Vcsqnc  in  DC.  M<>n<></,\  vii'i.  'I'll  ;  Pittier  in  Cmilrib.  U.S. 


Nat.  Jfrrb.  xiil.  456.  Moronobea  coccinea  Aull.  (in  part)  /.  31:1. 
/.  a-j  (1775);  Mart.  Not-.  Gen.  &  Sp.  Hi.  163,  /.  287;  Mnrf. 
Jam.  i.  139;  Gn*<-b.  Fl.  Br.  II".  JW.  107,  708;  J7rfc.  Symb. 
Ant.  viii.  440.  Hog  Gum  Tree  A.  BoHnxon  ms.  <0  ZCOH. 


Fig.  76. — SympJionia  globulifera  Linn.  f. 

A,  Leaf,  nat.  size.  D,  Ditto  with  sepals,  petals,  and  part  of 

B,  Diagram  of  flower  ;  d,  disk  ;  .*,  stamiual  staminal  tube  cut  off,  increased  liy 

tube.  one-third. 

C,  Flower,  nat.  size.  E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  showing  a  ripe  seed 

and  one  partially  developed  x  ;. 

Bancroft  in  Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  iv.  136  ;  Fawcett  in  Journ.  Bot.  ix.  52 
(1922).  (Fig.  76.)  A  specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  in  a  cover  named 
SympJionia,  but  without  specific  name. 

Hog  Gum  Tree. 

Bancroft  I  Bcrtero ;  damp  mountain  forests  St.  George  and  Portland, 
Macfadyen ;  Distin !  Purdie,  !  below  Vinegar  Hill ;  Middle  Quarters 
Morass,  Harris ! — Hispaniola,  Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  St.  Lucia,  Trinidad, 
tropical  continental  America,  tropical  Africa,  and  Madagascar. 

Tree,  50-100  ft.  high.  Aerial  roots  are  emitted  from  the  trunk  for 
3  or  4  ft.  from  the  ground.  Leaves  5-12  cm.  1.,  lanceolate-,  oblanceolate-, 
or  oblong-elliptical,  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped,  light  green ;  petioles 
3-8  mm.  1.  Flowers  scarlet,  several  in  umbel-like  cymes  terminal  at  the 
ends  of  short  lateral  branches,  hermaphrodite ;  buds  globose,  about  1  cm. 
in  diam.  Sepals  4-4' 5  mm.  1.  Petals  about  12  mm.  1.  Fruit  ovoid  or 
globose,  l'5-2  cm.  1.  Seeds  solitary,  12-15  mm.  1.,  glabrous. 

The  gum  which  exudes,  on  cutting  into  the  bark,  is  at  first  fluid  and 
pellucid,  but  afterwards  changes  to  a  yellow  colour,  and  becomes  hard  and 


Symphonia 


(lUTTIFEILK 


199 


friable,  resembling  Burgundy  pitch  in  appearance  for  which  it  is  used  as  a 
substitute  in  plasters.  Mixed  with  lard,  wax,  and  rosin,  it  forms  an 
ointment,  well  adapted  as  a  dressing  for  indolent  sores.  The  Indians  of 
the  Continent  make  torches  with  it,  which  give  a  good  light  without  much 
smoke  or  smell ;  and  employ  it  to  pitch  the  outside  of  their  boats,  and  to 
fix  on  a  head  of  fish-bone  to  their  arrows.  (Macfadyen.) 

4.  CALOPHYLLUM  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  leathery,  shining,  striate  with  very  numerous 
pinnate  nerves  close  together,  without  veins.  Panicles  axillary 
or  terminal,  cymose-trichotomous,  or  raceme-like.  Flowers  poly- 
gamous. Sepals  4,  decussate,  the  2  inner  often  more  or  less 


Fig.  77. — Calophylhnn  Jacquinii  Fawc.  <fc  Kendle. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and  inflorescence  X  ?. 
I'.,  Hermaphrodite  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  8. 
»'.  Fruit  with  seed,  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 

petaloid.  Petals  none  or  one  or  more.  Stamens  indefinite,  free 
or  scarcely  united  at  the  base ;  ti laments  short,  thread-like ; 
anthers  ovate  or  oblong,  2-celled,  opening  longitudinally.  Ovary 
1-celled ;  style  usually  long,  with  shield-like  stigma;  ovule  1, 
erect,  anatrupous.  Fruit  a  drupe,  shell  hard  and  brittle.  Seed 
erect,  ovoid  or  globose,  seed-coat  sometimes  thin,  sometimes  thick 
and  spongy.  Cotyledons  thick  and  fleshy,  radicle  very  short. 
Species  about  100;  .'3  <>r  4  are  tropical  American,  including 


200  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  CalopJii/Uiim 

one  or  two  also  found  in  the  West  Indies,  the  rest  growing  in 
the  tropics  of  the  Old  World  and  Oceania. 

Leaves  elliptical,  7-14  cm.  1 1.  C.  Jacquinii. 

Leaves  narrowly  oblong,  15-30  cm.  1 2.  C.  longifolium. 

1.  C.  Jacquinii  num.  nov. ;  C.  Calaba  Jacq.  Sel.  Stiff).  Amer. 
269,  /.  1G5  (1763)  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  249  (non  L.  Sp.  PL  514  (1753) ) ; 
L.  Sp.  PL  C(L  2,  732  (1762)  (only  as  regards  reference  to  Jacq. 
Stirp.)-,  Sw.  Ol)s.   216;  Descourt.  FL   Ant.  ii.   30,   t.   74;  Mar/'. 
Jam.   i.   136  ;    Griseb.  FL  Br.   W.   Ind.   108   (excl.  reference  to 
Brazil) ;    Planch.  &  Tr.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xv.  249  ;    Urb. 
Synth.  Ant.  iv.  412  &  viii.  438;   Vesque  in  DC.  Monogr.  Plian.  viii. 
588  ;  Britton  FL  Berm.  246.     Mali  persicse  Mameyie  &c.  Sloane 
Cat.  180  «fc  Hist.  ii.  124.     Arbor  altissima  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
372.     Calaba  &c.  Plum.  Gen.  39,  t.  18.     (Fig.  77.) 

Santa   Maria,  Wild   Mammee. 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  58!  Wright  I  March;  Prior;  Castleton,  Fawcettl 
Langley,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5514,  6329. — West  Indies  (naturalized  in 
Bermuda). 

A  lofty  tree.  Leaves  7-14  cm.  L,  elliptical,  apex  rounded  or  rounded- 
ernarginate,  base  obtuse  or  wedge-shaped,  thinly  leathery.  Racemes 
axillary,  3  cm.  1.  Sepals  5-8  mm.  1.  Petals  none  or  1-2,  shorter  than  the 
inner  sepals.  Male  flowers  :  Stamens  40-50.  Pistil  very  small.  Female 
flowers:  Stamens  few,  in  one  series.  Ovary  globose;  style  short;  stigma 
shield-shaped.  Drupe  globose,  2-2  •  5  cm.  in  diam.  Seed  globose,  about 
1*3  cm.  in  diam. 

C.  Calaba  L.  Sp.  PL  514  (1753)  is  founded  on  a  Ceylon  plant  (Fl.  Zeyl. 
no.  202)  (named  later  C.  Burmanni  Wight  111.  i.  129,  1838),  a  different 
species  from  the  \Vest  Indian  plant  described  by  Jacquin  under  the  same 
name.  In  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  732,  Linnaeus  added  the  reference  to  Jacquin. 

2.  C.  longifolium   Willd.  in  Mag.  der  Gesellscli.  Naturforsch. 
Freunde  80  (1811) ;  Planch.  &  Tr.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xv.  255. 
C.  brasiliense  Camb.  var.  longifolium  Vesque  in  DC.  Monogr.  viii. 
592  (1893) ;  Sloane  Hist.  ii.  t.  217,  /.  4. 

White   Santa   Maria. 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  58 !  Union  Hill,  Moneague,  Priori  March  I  Murray 
(225,  228  in  Herb.  DC.)  fide  Planch.  &  Tr.  loc.  cit. 

Leaves  15-30  cm.  L,  4-7  cm.  br.,  oblong,  apex  rounded  or  obtusely 
acuminate,  base  obtuse  or  rounded  or  somewhat  acute,  margin  thickened, 
very  narrowly  repand;  petiole  10-18  mm.  1.  Flowers  and  fruit  not  known. 

5.  MAMMEA  L. 

Trees.  Leaves  hard  and  leathery,  generally  with  pellucid 
dots,  nerves  pinnate,  slender  and  close  together,  connected  by  a 
network  of  veins.  Peduncles  axillary,  1-flowered,  solitary  or 
clustered.  Flowers  polygamous.  Calyx  splitting  valvately  into 
2  sepals  on  flowering.  Petals  4-6.  Stamens  numerous,  free  or 
united  at  the  base  ;  filaments  thread-like  :  anthers  erect,  oblong, 
2-celled,  opening  longitudinally.  Disk  wanting.  Ovary  2-celled, 


Mammea 


GUTTIFER^E 


201 


each  cell  with  2  ovules,  or  4-celled,  each  cell  with  1  ovule  ; 
style  short,  with  shield-like  stigma  broadly  2-lobed.  Drupe 
edible,  with  1  to  4  seeds.  Seeds  large.  Embryo  :  cotyledons 
very  large,  thick  and  fleshy,  united  or  separable ;  radicle  very 
short. 

Species  one,  indigenous  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 
America,  cultivated  in  the  tropics  of  the  Old  World. 

M.  amerieana  L.  Sp.  PL  512  (1753)  ;  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp. 
Amer.  268,  t.  181,  /.  82  &  Ed.  pid.  t.  248;  tiw.  Obs.  214;  Lunan 
Hort.  Jam.  i.  481 ;  Tussac  FL  Ant.  Hi.  32,  t.  1 ;  Wriglit  Mem. 


Fig.  78. — Mammca  amerieana  L. 

A,  Tip  of  branch,  showing  leaves,  a  bud,        D,  Fruit  cut  across,  showing  2  stones,  one 

and  hermaphrodite  flower,  x  \.  of  which  is  opened  to  show  the  seed, 

B,  Male  flower,  uat.  size.  X  ?. 

C,  Pistil  cut  lengthwise,  enlarged. 

(After  Eugler.) 

280;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  135;  Griscb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  10S  ;  -Planclt. 
d'  Tr.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xv.  242  ;  Enfjl.  in  Fl.  Bras.  .rii.  pt.  1, 
395,  t.  79  ;  Vesqiie  in  DC.  Monorjr.  viii.  636  ;  Urb.  Si/nib.  Ant.  ir. 
412  &  viii.  438;  Pittier  in  Co'nfrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Hrrh.  xiii.  451, 
tt.  90,  91.  M.  maxima  Arc.  and  M.  foliis  etc.  Browne  Hixt.  J<nn. 
249.  Malus  Persica  maxima  ttc.  Sloane  Cat.  179  A:  7/"/.s/.  //.  12."), 
/.  217, /.  3.  (Fig.  78.)  A  specimen  from  Jacqii in  in  Herb.  Mus. 
Brit.  A  specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  in  cover  Mtnitin<'«,  the  specific 
name  added  by  J.  E.  Smith.  (Fig.  78.) 


20l'  KI.nK.V    OF    JAMAICA 

]\I  a  m  m  e  e. 

In  fl.  June,  July ;  wild  and  cultivated  ;  Sloanr  Herb.  vii.  5s  !  Macfadycn  ! 
near  Browns  Town,  Priori  J.P.  1383,  M«rri*\  Holly  Mount,  2500  ft., 
If/irrisl — West  Indies,  Colombia,  Guiana.  Cultivated  in  tropical  regions. 

7V'Y>,  25-60  ft.  high.  Leaves  l-2'5dm.L,  elliptical,  sometimes  obovate, 
apex  rounded,  base  vredge-shaped,  obtuse,  or  rounded,  with  pellucid  gland > 
prominent  beneath  amongst  the  veins.  Han-crs  white,  fragrant.  .Vc^a/.s 
l-S-1'7  cm.  1.  Petals  1-7-2  cm.  1.  Fruit  10-15  cm.  in  diam.,  globose, 
apiculate,  with  thick  russet-brown  skin  and  fibrous-pulpy  yellow  mesocarp. 
S<-i'(1s  2-4,  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  fruit,  with  a  reddish  rough 
fibrous  coat. 

The  fruit,  when  quite  ripe,  is  agreeable,  suggesting  the  apricot,  but  the 
thick  skin  is  bitter  and  must  be  carefully  removed,  and  the  inner  flesh 
next  the  stones  is  also  bitter.  It  is  often  sliced  and  soaked  in  wine  with 
sugar  before  eating.  A  marmalade  is  also  made  with  sugar  and  spice.  In 
the  French  Islands  the  flowers  are  distilled  with  spirit  to  make  a  liqueur 
known  as  can,  cr^ole.  The  gum,  melted  with  fat,  is  applied  to  the  sores 
made  by  chigoes. 

FAMILY  LXXII.     HYPERICACE^E. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  rarely  trees.  Leaves  usually  opposite  and 
herbaceous,  simple,  entire  or  glandular-dentate  ;  stipules  wanting. 
Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite,  usually  terminal,  yellow  or 
white.  Foliaceous  parts  often  dotted  with  pellucid  glands, 
petals  and  stamens  also  dotted  but  not  conspicuously.  Flowers 
regular,  hermaphrodite.  Sepals  5,  but  in  Ascyrum  4,  over- 
lapping. Petals  the  same  number  as  the  sepals,  hypogynous, 
overlapping.  Stamens  indefinite,  hypogynous,  variously  united 
except  in  Ascyrum.  Ovary  usually  of  3-5  carpels,  more  or  less 
perfectly  3-5-celled,  in  Ascyrum  1 -celled.  Styles  thread-like, 
usually  free.  Ovules  indefinite,  anatropous.  Fruit  various. 
Seeds  without  an  aril  ;  endosperm  wanting. 

Species  about  290,  dispersed  through  the  temperate  and 
warmer  regions  of  the  whole  world. 

ASCYRUM  L. 

Leafy  undershrubs.  Leaves  small,  entire.  Flowers  yellow, 
about  3  together  at  the  ends  of  twigs.  Sepals  4,  2  outer  very 
large  or  all  subequal.  Petals  4.  Stamens  slightly  united  at 
the  base  or  free.  Ovary  1 -celled,  with  2  or  3  (4)  placentas  on 
the  walls  ;  styles  as  many  as  the  placentas,  free  or  cohering  at 
the  base.  Fruit  a  capsule,  opening  at  the  placentas.  Seeds  not 
winged.  Embryo  straight,  cylindrical,  with  cotyledons  generally 
shorter  than  the  radicle. 

Species  6  or  7,  growing  in  the  West  Indies  and  North 
America,  one  in  Bermuda,  and  one  in  the  Himalayas. 

A.  hyperieoides  L.  Sp.  PL  788  (1753)  (excl.  syn.  Pluk.)  ; 
Sic.  Obs.  294  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  132  ;  Grixeb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  112  ; 


Ascijrnui 


HYPEEICACE^E 


20: 


Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  785 ;  Britt.  &  Brown  III.  FL  ii  428  ;  Urb. 
Synth.  Ant.  iv.  411  &  viii.  437.  A.  crux- Andrew  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2, 
1107  (1763)  (excl.  syn.  Pluk.)  (uon  ed.  1).  A.  fruticosum  tfcc. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  309.  A.  foliis  oblongis  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amcr. 
(Burm.)  146,  t.  152, /.  1.  (Fig.  79.)  Specimen  from  Browne  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  Hypericum  angustifolium  in  Solander's  hand 
with  correction  to  Ascyrum,  the  correct  specific  name  added  by 
J.  E.  Smith. 

In  fl.  all  the  year ;  highest  mts.,  Broughton !  cooler  mts.  of  New 
Liguanea,  Browne  \  Swartz  \  Hartweg !  Purdie !  coffee  plantations,  St. 
Andrew,  Bromfield !  Wilson  I  Priori  March  I  Blue  Mts.,  Morris  !  Prospect 
Hill,  near  Castleton,  2000  ft.,  Thompson  !  Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  Harris  \  also 
Clutel  Fl.  Jam.  7936,  8584  !  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock.— Cuba,  Hispaniola, 
Porto  Rico,  continental  America  from  Massachusetts  to  Colombia. 


Fi-'.  79. — Ascifnnn  Iii/pericoicles  L. 

A,  Portion  of  stem  with  leaves  and  C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  with  one 

flowers,  nat.  size.  sepal  behind  x  2. 

B,  Flower  x  2. 

Shrub,  1-2  ft.  high,  with  compressed  2-edged  branches.  Leaves  7-18 
mm.  L,  oblong-oblanceolate,  narrowed  to  the  base,  2-glandular  at  base, 
with  pellucid  dots.  Bractcoles  2,  linear,  about  4  mm.  1.  Sepals:  2  outer 
ovate-elliptical  or  oblong-ovate,  base  subcordate,  about  1  cm.  1.,  inner 
about  3  mm.  1.,  lanceolate.  Petals  shorter  or  somewhat  longer  than  the 
large  sepals.  Styles  short,  2.  Capsule  usually  shorter  than  the  large 
persistent  sepals.  Seeds  about  1  mm.  1.,  black,  oblong,  minutely  pitted. 


FAMILY  LXXIII.     QUIIXACE^E. 

Leaves   opposite   or 


climbing. 


Trees    or  shrubs,  sometimes 
whorled,     entire    or    pinnately     cleft.        Stipules    generally     _. 
narrow.      Flowers  small,   regular,   usually  polygamous,  in  short 


20-4 


FLOIIA   OF   JAMAICA 


Quiina 


axillary  or  terminal  panicles,  raceme-like  or  clustered.  Sepals 
4-5,  overlapping.  Petals  4-5  (6-8),  hypogyiious,  overlapping  or 
twisted.  Stamens  15—30,  or  numerous,  free  or  united  at  base 
and  with  the  petals,  hypogynous  or  perigynous  ;  anthers  small, 
globose.  Ovary  2-3-  or  7-14-celled,  free  or  attached  to  calyx  ; 
styles  '2-3,  distinct,  linear,  or  wanting  ;  stigmas  peltate  ;  ovules  '2 
(or  more)  in  each  cell,  anatropous,  ascending.  Fruit  berry-like, 
with  fibrous  endocarp,  at  length  opening  irregularly  by  valves, 
usually  1-celled  with  1-4  seeds,  or  11-14-celled  with  1-4  seeds 
in  each  cell.  Seeds  ovoid  or  globose,  tomentose.  Embryo 
straight ;  endosperm  wanting  or  present ;  cotyledons  thick, 
distinct ;  radicle  very  short. 

Species  about  30,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical 
continental  America. 

QUIINA  Aubl. 

Stamens  15-30,  hypogynous.  Ovary  2-3-celled,  free; 
styles  2-3,  stigmas  obliquely  peltate ;  ovules  2  in  each  cell. 
Fruit  usually  1-celled,  with  1-4  seeds.  Endosperm  wanting. 


Fig.  80. — Quiina  jamaicensis  Griseb. 

A,  Portion  of    flowering    shoot    with        D,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

leaves  and  flowers  X  5.  E,  Seed,  nat.  size  ;  h,  point  of  attach- 

B,  Male  flower  x  8.  ment. 

<J,  Hermaphrodite  flower  x  S.  F,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 


Quiina  QUIINACE^E  205 

Species  27,  natives  of  "West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America. 

Q.  jamaieensis  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Lid.  105  (1859)  :  Planch. 
&  Tr.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  4,  xv.  310  ;  Oliv.  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  under 
PI  1998.  (Fig.  80.) 

Velvet   Seeds,   Mountain  Bay. 

Wright !  Moneague,  Prior  \  Zlarcli  \  Liberty  Hall,  St.  Ann,  Miss 
Stcnnett !  near  Troy,  2000-2500  ft.  ;  Soho,  St.  Ann,  1400  ft.  ;  Harris  1  Fl. 
Jam.  8721. 

Shrub  6  ft.  high,  or  tree  15-25(-40)  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-15  cm.  1., 
oblong-elliptical  to  elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base  narrowing  gradually 
and  running  down  into  the  petiole  ;  nerves  curving  strongly  upward  near 
the  margin ;  veins  very  slender,  sometimes  scarcely  evident ;  young  foliage 
often  rosy-coloured;  petioles  thick,  about  5  mm.  1.  Sepals  1-5-2  mm.  1., 
ciliate.  'Petals  obcordate,  2*5-3  mm.  1.  Fruit  1-5-1-7  cm.  1.,  obovoid, 
apex  apiculate.  Seeds  1  or  2,  about  1  cm.  1.,  covered  with  reddish-brown 
velvety  hairs. 

FAMILY  LXXIY.     BIXACEJE. 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  abounding  in  a  yellow  or  red  sap. 
Leaves  alternate,  simple,  ample,  entire;  palmately  nerved, 
Stipules  2,  falling  very  soon.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  large,  in  a 
terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  with  5  glands  below'  the  calyx. 
Sepals  5,  overlapping,  very  soon  falling.  Petals  5,  overlapping, 
soon  falling.  Stamens  indefinite,  inserted  on  a  thick  receptacle  ; 
anthers  oblong,  horseshoe-shaped  with  the  arms  united  at  the 
back,  opening  at  the  apex  by  2  short  chinks  which  at  length 
become  a  single  pore.  Ovary  free,  1 -celled,  with  2  placentas  on 
the  cell- walls ;  ovules  indefinite ;  style  simple,  long,  terminal ; 
stigma  very  shortly  2-lobed.  Capsule  densely  covered  with 
spines,  2-valved  ;  valves  thick,  with  the  placentas  in  the  middle 
Jine.  Seeds  numerous,  obovoid ;  coat  somewhat  fleshy,  with  red 
or  yellow  sap  used  as  a  dye.  Embryo  in  the  axis,  straight ; 
cotyledons  broad  ;  radicle  conical-cylindrical. 

Genus  one  (Bixa),  species  one,  native  of  the  AYest  Indies  and 
tropical  and  subtropical  America,  introduced  into  tropics  of  Old 
World. 

BIXA  L. 

B.  Orellana  L.  Sp.  PL  512  (1753);  A.  Bobinson  Ic.  in<>d.  ; 
Wright  Mem.  192;  Gacrtn.  Fruct.  i.  292,  /.  Gl  ;  Jacq.  H«,i. 
Schoenbr.  iv.  t.  483;  Tnssac  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  85,  /.  20  ;  'iLn-f.  Jam.  i. 
41;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  20;  Eiclil.  in  FL  Bras,  lali.pt.  1, 
433,  t.  87;  Warb.  in  Pjianzcnfam.  in.  6,  310,  fig.  142;  Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  iv.  415  &  viii.  441  ;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  248.  Bixa 
foliis  itc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  254.  Orleana,  Orellana,  s.  Urucu 


206 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Bisa 


&c.  PI iih.    Phyt.   t.  209,  /.   4.     Urucu  $I<,<ntc  Cut.  150  tt 

52,   /.    181,  f.    1.     (Fig.   81.)     Specimen   in  Herb.   Plukenet  in 

I  Irrb.  Sloanr  xcvii.  41. 

A  11  n  a  1 1  o. 

Sl»anc  Herb.  vi.  38,  39  !  Hoitstonnl  Brouqhton  \  Macfadyen]  St.  Mary, 
Mi-Xabl  Moneague,  Prior!  Hope  Gardens,  Hart  is  \  W.  Indies,  trop.  cont. 
America,  introduced  in  tropics  of  Africa  and  Asia. 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  10-20  ft.  high.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  1.,  ovate,  base 
.^ubcordate,  apex  acuminate.  Flowers,  when  open,  3-4  (5)  cm.  in  diam. 
Se2^als  1* 2-1  '4  cm.  1.,  covered  with  reddish-brown  scaly  hairs.  Petals 
about  2-5  cm.  L,  rose-coloured,  rarely  white.  Stamens  somewhat  shorter 


Fig.  81. — Bixa  Orellana  L. 

A,  Portion   of    branch  with  flowers  and 

leaves  x  i. 

B,  Flower  bud,  nat.  size. 

(J,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 


D,  Anther  x  8. 

E,  A  valve  of  the  capsule  with  seeds  x 
F5  Seed  X  2. 

G,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  2. 


than  the  petals ;  filaments  yellow  at  the  base,  purplish  upwards.  Ovary 
spiny;  style  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  stamens.  Capsule  3-4  (5 '5) 
cm.  L,  ovoid,  dark  red.  Seeds  about  *5  cm.  L,  angular,  covered  with  a 
reddish -orange  waxen  pulp. 

The  dye,  annatto,  prepared  from  the  seed-coats  is  used  for  colouring- 
butter,  cheese,  soups,  chocolate,  &c.  The  seeds  are  exported  from 
Jamaica,  and  the  colouring  matter  removed  in  England.  In  Cayenne  and 
Guadeloupe  the  annatto  is  made  up  into  cakes  for  export.  Mr.  J.  J. 
Bowrey,  Island  Chemist  in  Jamaica,  invented  a  method  of  obtaining  a 
superior  kind  of  annatto  (Bull,  of  Bot.  Dept.  Jam.  no.  7,  1888).  The  bark 
yields  a  fibre.  The  friction  of  two  pieces  of  the  soft  wood  is  said  to 
produce  fire  readily. 


Canella  CANELLACEJ-  207 

FAMILY  LXXV.     CANELLACE^E. 

Trees,  glabrous,  with  aromatic  bark.  Leaves  alternate, 
entire,  pinnate-nerved,  with  pellucid  dots,  without  stipules. 
Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite,  in  cymes,  axillary  or  terminal. 
Sepals  3,  roundish,  widely  overlapping,  persistent.  Petals  4  or  5, 
usually  free,  thick,  soon  falling,  overlapping,  inner  narrower. 
Petaloid  scales  as  many  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  petals  and 
alternating  with  them,  thin,  sometimes  wanting.  Stamens 
hypogynous  ;  filaments  united  into  a  tube.  Anthers  of  numerous 
linear  cells  attached  outside  the  tube  close  together  in  a  ring, 
opening  longitudinally.  Ovary  free,  1 -celled,  with  2-6  placentas 
on  the  ovary-walls,  with  2  or  more  ovules.  Style  short,  thick, 
with  2-6  stigmas.  Ovules  ascending  or  horizontal.  Fruit  a 
berry.  Seeds  2  or  more ;  coat  shining,  hard  and  brittle. 
Embryo  short  within  oily  and  fleshy  endosperm ;  radicle  short, 
near  the  hilum  ;  cotyledons  oblong. 

Species  6,  4  growing  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 
continental  America,  1  in  East  Africa,  1  in  Madagascar. 

Inflorescence  terminal    1.  Canella. 

Inflorescence  lateral    2.  Cinnamodcndron. 

\.  CANELLA  Sw. 

Cymes  disposed  in  a  terminal  subcorymbose  panicle  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Sepals  3.  Petals  5.  Placentas  of  the  ovary  2  ; 
ovules  on  each  placenta  2  or  3,  kidney-shaped,  ascending  ;  style 
with  stigma  faintly  2-lobed.  Berry  subglobose.  Seeds  3  or  4, 
filling  the  cavity  of  the  fruit. 

Species  2,  one  occurring  in  West  Indies  as  far  south  as 
Barbados,  and  Florida,  the  other  in  Colombia. 

C.  Winterana  Gaertn.  Frm-t.  i.  373,  t.  77  (1788);  Small  FL 
S.E.  U.S.  782  :  Britt.  a-  MiUsp.  Bali.  FL  282.  C.  alba  Hurr. 
Sijst.  Yen.  ed.  14,  443  (1784);  Wriglit  Mem.  194:  Sw.  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  i.  96,  t.  8  &  Obs.  But.  190;  Dcscourt.  FL  Ant.  viii.  229, 
/.  568;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  137  :  Miers  in  Ann.  <0  Mag.  N.  Hist.  ser.  3, 
i.  347  &  Contrib.  i.  116,  t.  23,  A;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ltd.  109  ; 
Baill.  Hist.  PL  i.  165,  /.  211-215;  Bentl  d  Trim.  Mcd.  PL  i. 
i.  26  ;  Sarg.  Silva  i.  37,  t.  20  ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  viii.  441.  C.  t'oliis 
etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  275,  t.  27,  f.  2,  3  ;  A.  Robinson  Jr.  in«L 
Laurus  Winterana  L.  Sj>.  PL  371  (1753).  Winterana  Canella 
L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1045  (1759);  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  415.  Cassia 
Cinamomea  s.  Cinamomum  sylvestre  Barbadensium  etc.  Pink. 
Phi/t.  t.  160,  /.  7.  Arbor  baccifera,  laurifolia,  aromatica  A:c. 
Sloane  Cat.  165  &  Hint.  //.  87,  t.  191,  /.  2  ;  Catcsbij  Carol,  it.  t.  50. 
(Fig.  82.)  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linmeus. 


208 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


Candor 


Wild   Cinnamon,  W  h  i  t  e  w  o  o  d   Bark,  White   Cinnamon. 

In  fl.  April-July,  in  fr.  Aug.-Feb. ;  Sloanc  Herb.  vi.  100!  Wright  I 
Lontj  Mt. :  Salt  Pond  Hill;  Broiujlitoul  Port  Koyal  Mts.,  Mac/ad  if  n  I 
I1  tin]  Wilson]  March!  llock  Fort,  (Ira1>li<tm\  near  Alligator  Pond, 
300  ft.;  New  Forest,  50  ft.;  road  to  \Varcka,  Long  Mt.,  800  ft.;  Great 
Goat  Is.,  150  ft. ;  sea-coast,  Bull  Bay  ;  Lititz  savanna,  300-900  ft. ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  7170,  8011,  8176,  8937,  9021,  9223,  9324,  9593,  11,757.— Florida 
Key-,  r.;ih;unas  Cuba,  Cayman,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  S.  Cruz,  St.  Jan, 
St.  Martin,  Guadeloupe,  Desirade,  Martinique,  Barbados. 


Fig.  Sl.—Canella  Wlnterana  Gaertn. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves 

and  Howers  X  f. 

B,  Flower  x  4. 


C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 
I),  Fruit  cut  vertically  x  2. 
E,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  x  -. 


Tree,  10-50  ft.  high ;  bark  white,  aromatic.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  1.,  obovate- 
elliptical,  with  rounded  apex,  narrowing  gradually  to  the  base  and  running 
down  into  the  short  petiole,  nerves  and  veins  prorninulous  on  both  sides. 
Sepals  2-3  mm.  1.  Petals  4-5  mm.  1.,  fragrant,  red.  Petaloid  scales  wanting. 
Berry  9-12  mm.  1.,  purplish-black;  when  ripe,  sweet  and  aromatic,  when 
gathered  green  and  dried,  hot  like  black  pepper.  Seeds  5-6  mm.  1., 
black. 

Canella  Bark  is  an  aromatic  stimulant  and  slight  tonic,  rarely  used  now 
in  medicine.  The  berries  are  eaten  by  pigeons,  and  impart  to  the  flesh  a 
peculiar  and  pleasing  flavour. 


2.  CINNAMODENDRON  Endl. 

Cymes  few-flowered,  axillary.     Sepals  3.     Petals  5.     Petaloid 
scales    5,    thin,    subequal.     Placentas    of   the    ovary    4-5,   with 


Cinnamodendron 


CANELLACE.-E 


209 


indefinite  ovules ;   stigmas   4-5,  discoid,  sessile   round   the  apex. 
Seeds  enclosed  by  the  enlarged  pulpy  placentas. 
Species  2,  one  Jamaican,  the  other  Brazilian. 

C.  eortieosum  Miers  in  Ann.  tfc  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  3,  i.  251 
(1858)  &  Contrib.  i.   121,  t.  24,  B;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  109; 


Fig.  83. — Cinnamodendron  eortieosum  Miers. 

A,  Portion    of   branch  with    leaves    and  D,  Staminal  tube  surrounding  the  pistil 

flowers  X  '-;.  X  8. 

i;,  Flower  x  4.  E,  Fruit  cut  across  x  2. 

<.',  Flower  cut  lengthwise  ;   s,   sepal ;   p,  F,  Seed  cut  lengthwise,  enlarged. 

petal ;    c,   scale  ;    t,   staminal  tube  ; 

</,  disk  ;  x  6. 

Eicltl.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.   1,  524,  t.   105,  f.  2;  BentL  &  Tnm. 
Med.  Pi.  t.  27.     (Fig.  83.) 

Mountain   Cinnamon,  Red   Canella. 

Sloane  Herb.   vi.  102!    Wilson  I    March!   Whitfield   Hall,  Blue   Mts., 
3000ft.;  Harris!  Fl.  Jam.  5552,5963, 6458,7691;  Priestmans  River,  Deans  ! 
v.  p 


L'10  FLORA  OF  JAMAICA  Onnamodendron 

Tree,  10  .".Oft.  hi-h  ;   bark  brownish-^rcy.      l.,,i,  <•*  5-12  cm.  1.,  somewhat 
obovate-ellipticul,  Miles  unequal,  apex  shortly  acuminate,  blunt  at  the  b. 
often  unequal ;  iirrvt^and  veins prominulous on  both  sides.    .s</»//.s  scarcely 
•2  nun.  1.      /Y/I//.S  about  5  mm.  1.,  scarlet,     ticulrx  shorter  than  the  petals. 
S/iin^-ns  about  as  long  as  scab-s.      l-'ntit  about  1  cm.  in  diam. 

Cinnamudendrbn  bark,  like  I'anclla  bark,  is  stimulant,  tonic,  and 
aromatic.  Both  barks  have  been  u-rd  in  dyspepsia  And  chronic  forms  of 
gout  and  rheumatism,  and  also  in  the  West  ludies  as  a  condiment. 

[FAMILY  VIOLACE^E. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  sometimes  trees.  Leaves  usually  alternate, 
simple,  entire  (or  sometimes  cut).  Stipules  leafy  or  small. 
Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite,  irregular  or  regular.  Inflor- 
escence in  Viola  1-2  axillary  flowers.  Sepals  5,  generally 
persistent,  overlapping.  Petals  5,  hypogynous  or  slightly  peri- 
gynous,  in  Viola  unequal,  the  lower  petal  larger  or  unlike  and 
often  spurred,  twisted  or  overlapping.  Stamens  5,  hypogynous 
or  slightly  perigynous.  Anthers  erect,  in  a  ring  round  the 
ovary  sometimes  united,  sessile  or  subsessile,  connective  often 
flattened  or  produced  beyond  the  cells  into  a  membranous 
appendage,  cells  opening  usually  by  a  longitudinal  chink.  Ovary 
free,  sessile,  1 -celled,  placentas  3  (4-5)  on  ovary-walls.  Style 
simple.  Ovules  indefinite  (1,  2)  on  each  placenta,  anatropous. 
Fruit  capsular,  opening  with  as  many  valves  as  placentas  (or 
berry-like,  not  opening).  Seeds  attached  by  very  short  stalks; 
seed-coat  hard  and  brittle  (leathery  or  membranous)  ;  endosperm 
fleshy,  generally  copious.  Embryo  in  the  axis,  generally  straight ; 
cotyledons  flat ;  radicle  next  the  hilum. 

Species  over  300,  found  all  over  the  world. 

VIOLA  L. 

Herbs,  rarely  somewhat  woody.  Leaves  alternate.  Stipules 
persistent,  often  leafy.  Sepals  subequal.  produced  at  the  base 
beyond  the  insertion.  Petals  spreading.  Anthers  subsessile ; 
connective  flattened,  produced  at  the  apex  into  a  membrane,  two 
of  the  lower  stamens  generally  spurred  at  the  back.  Style  capi- 
tate, club-shaped  or  variously  dilated  above,  almost  straight  with 
terminal  stigma,  or  more  or  less  recurved  with  anterior  stigma. 

<_-*  '  O 

Capsule  elastically  3-valved,     Seeds  ovoid-globose,  usually  with 
a  swelling  at  the  hilum  ;  coat  hard  and  brittle. 

Species  over  200,  of  wrhich  nearly  two-thirds  are  in  the  tem- 
perate regions  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  nearly  one-third  in 
S.  America,  chiefly  in  the  mountainous  regions,  a  few  in  Australia 
and  New  Zealand,  and  very  few  in  tropical  and  S.  Africa. 

Stemless.     Stipules  entire    1.   V.  Patrinii. 

Stem  erect  or  ascending.     Stipules  pi nnately  lobed 2.   V.  tricolor. 


Viola  VIOL  ACE.  i:  211 

1.  V.  Patrinii  DC.  Prodr.  «.  293  (1824);  Hook,  f.  Fl.  Br. 
Lid.  i.  183  (excl.  some  syn.).      V.  primulifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  934  (in 
part,  with  reference  to  Siberia). 

A  weed  in  open  places  in  the  cinchona  plantations,  4900-5600  ft., 
J.P.  1051,  Morris  \  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  9202,  10,928.— Native  of  Asia  and 
raid-Russia. 

Herb,  stemless,  without  stolons ;  rootstock  short,  woody.  Leaves 
4-8  cm.  1.,  very  variable,  ovate,  triangular  or  oblong,  crenate  or  serrate, 
base  hastate,  cordate,  or  wedge-shaped,  running  down  into  the  petiole 
making  it  margined ;  petiole  5-13  cm.  1. ;  stipules  entire,  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  adhering  below.  Sepals  lanceolate.  Petals  violet  or  violet-blue 
(in  Jamaican  specimens),  white  in  the  typical  form ;  spur  usually  short  and 
broad.  Stigma  terminal,  truncate,  depressed,  3-lobed,  margined.  Capsule 
straight,  6-12  mm.  1. ;  valves  narrow. 

2.  V.  tricolor  L.  Sp.  PL  935  (1753);  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.Ind. 
26  ;  Eichl.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  1,  361  in  obs. ;  Robinson  in  A.  Gr. 
Syn.  FL  N.  Amer.  i.  pt.  1,  204;  Britton  HI.  Fl.  ii.  455. 

Heartsease,  Pansy. 

Cinchona  fields,  J.P.  1178,  Morris  I  above  Sb.  Helens  Gap,  Cinchona, 
5300  ft.,  Harris-l  Fl.  Jam.  11,976.— Native  of  Europe,  N.  Africa,  N.  and 
W.  Asia. 

Herb,  4-18  in.  high,  variable,  branching  from  the  root ;  stem  erect  or 
ascending,  angular.  Leaves  1-5-4  cm.  1.,  long-stalked,  ovate-oblong  or 
lanceolate,  lowest  roundish  or  cordate,  coarsely  and  remotely  crenate- 
serrate ;  stipules  very  large,  leafy,  pinnately  divided,  with  upper  lobe 
larger.  Sepals  with  large  auricles.  Petals  shortly  clawed,  with  a  thick 
blunt  spur,  upper  erect.  Stigma  capitate,  hollow,  with  a  pencil  of  hairs 
on  each  side.] 

FAMILY  LXXVI.     FLACOURTIACE^. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  simple,  toothed  or  entire. 
Stipules  small,  soon  falling,  or  wanting.  Flowers  often  small, 
regular,  hermaphrodite  or  unisexual.  Sepals  distinct  or  united 
below,  free  from  the  ovary  or  sometimes  united  to  it  below,  over- 
lapping or  valvate.  Petals  wanting  in  Jamaican  genera,  except 
in  Homalium.  Stamens  definite  or  indefinite.  Ovary  free  or 
more  or  less  half-inferior,  1 -celled,  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls 
2-6,  ovules  indefinite ;  style  simple  or  more  or  less  divided. 
Fruit,  a  berry,  or  berry-like,  ultimately  opening  by  2-5  valves, 
or  a  capsule.  Seeds  usually  few,  sometimes  with  aril,  or  the 
exterior  pulpy ;  endosperm  fleshy ;  embryo  axile ;  cotyledons 
broad,  often  cordate. 

Species  over  500,  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite. 

Petals  wanting  (calyx  often  petal-like). 
Sepals  overlapping. 

Calyx  4-6-lobed  or  divided  nearly  to  base. 
Stamens  alternating  with  staminodes. 

Style  present.     Stamens  6-15 1.  Casearia. 

Style  wanting.     Stamens  20-40  2.  Znelania. 

P    L' 


UlL'  FLO  I!  A    OF   JAMAICA  Caacari't 

Staminodes  wanting.     Stamens  on  calyx-throat...  3.  Saniyda. 
Si-pals    distinct,    reflexed.        Staminodes     wanting. 

Stamens  bypogynous    4.  Ldi'tin. 

Calyx-lobes  valvate 5.  Lunmiia. 

Petals    linear-oblong,   persistent.      Calyx    united    with 

base  of  ovary  G.  HomaUum. 

Flowers  dioecious  (or  polygamous).     Petals  wanting 7.  Xyloswa. 

1.  CASEARIA  Jacq. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  often  with  pellucid  dots  or  lines; 
stipules  soon  falling.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  clustered  or 
umbellate,  less  often  solitary,  inconspicuous,  greenish  or  yellow, 
occasionally  rosy  ;  pedicels  jointed,  bracts  at  the  base.  Calyx- 
lobes  4— 6,  overlapping.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  6-15,  inserted 
in  a  simple  series  on  the  tube  or  at  the  base  of  the  calyx,,  alter- 
nating with  as  many  staminodes  :  filaments  free  or  united  amongst 
themselves  and  with  the  staminodes  in  a  ring.  Ovarv  free,  ovoid 

*/ 

or  oblong,  narrowed  into  a  short  style ;  stigma  capitate  or  with 
3  stigmas  ;  ovules  indefinite,  growing  on  3  placentas  on  the 
ovary-walls.  Capsule  fleshy  or  dry,  with  3  or  4  valves  bearing 
indefinite  seeds  along  the  middle  line.  Seeds  oblong  or  angled, 
with  a  fleshy  aril ;  endosperm  fleshy  ;  embryo  straight  ;  cotyledons 
oblong  or  roundish,  flat :  radicle  cylindrical. 

V 

Species  about  200,  growing  in  the  tropics. 

Flowers  in  stalked  corymbose  cymes.    Stamens  8 1.  C.  nitida. 

Flowers  in  stalked  clusters.     Stamens  10  2.  C.  arborea. 

Flowers  in  sessile  clusters. 

Stigma  3-cleft.     Calyx  2-2  •  5  mm.  1.     Stamens  10 3.  C.  sylvestris. 

Stigma  capitate,  undivided.     Calyx  4-5  mm.  1. 

Leaves  glabrous  or  sometimes  slightly  pubescent, 

especially  on  the  nerves. 
Sepals  united  to  \  or  \  of  length. 
Leaves  generally  9-18  cm.  1.     Pedicels  jointed 

close  to  base 4.  C.  guianen&is. 

Leaves  generally  4-7  cm.   1.      Branches  often 
spinescent.     Pedicels  jointed  about  middle 

or  between  middle  and  base 5.  C.  aculcata. 

Sepals  united  near   base.      Leaves  generally  3-7 
cm.  1.,  apex  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate. 

Pedicels  jointed  between  middle  and  base G.  C.  odorala. 

Leaves  pubescent  on  both  sides  with  brownish  hairs, 

beneath  densely  so  arid  soft  to  touch 7.  C.  liirsuta. 

1.  C.  nitida  Jacq.  Enum.  '11  (1760),  Set.  Stlrp.  Amer.  132,  £ 
Ed.  pict.  t.  126;  leaves  3-10  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical, 
usually  shortly  acuminate,  base  rounded  to  subcordate,  minutely 
dentate  or  serrulate  or  subentire,  glabrous ;  flowers  in  axillary 
corymb-like  stalked  cymes  (1-2  cm.  1.)  ;  stamens  8  ;  stigma 
capitate. — Macf.  Jam.  i.  214;  Griseb.  Ft.  Br.  W.  Ind.  24;  EicliL 


Casearia 


FLACOURTIACEjE 


213 


in  Fl.  Bras,  xiii.pt.  1,  463.  Samyda  nitida  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1025 
(1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  378.  S.  fruticosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  217, 
t.  23,  /.  3.  (Fig.  84.)  The  original  specimen  from  which  t.  126 
of  Jacq.  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer.  ed.  pict.  was  drawn  is  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit. 

Wright  \  Shakespearl  Liguanea  plain,  Macfadyenl  McNabl  March  I 
Kingston,  Prior !  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1302,  Morris !  also  J.P.  1080, 
Hart !  Campbell !  Harris  \  Long  Mt.,  south  side,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6423, 
6937,  9617,  12,140.—  Tropical  continental  America. 


D    Xy/'  C 

Fig.  84.  —  Casearia  nitida  Jacq. 
A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  C,  Fruit  cut  lemrtlnvise 


and  flowers  x  f-. 
B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 


1!,. 


1),  Seed  cut  lengthwise  ~x.  4. 


Shrub  or  tree,  6-20  ft.  high,  without  spines,  glabrous.  Leaves  when 
young  of  a  reddish  colour;  petioles  1  cm.  (8-13  mm.)  1.  Flowers  yellowish- 
white  or  whitish,  fragrant.  Calyx  about  4  mm.  1. ;  tube  somewhat  more 
than  1  mm.  1. ;  lobes  elliptical  or  oblong.  Staminodes  spathulate,  red, 
hairy.  Fruit  11-14  mm.  L,  fleshy,  ellipsoidal  to  spherical,  3-4-cornered, 
pale  yellow  or  purple,  at  length  3-4-valved.  Seeds  several,  angled-ovoid, 
almost  enclosed  by  an  orange-coloured  aril ;  coat  glabrous,  with  resinous 
glands. 

2.  C.  arborea  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  />.  421  (1910)  &  viii.  447  : 
leaves  3-10  cm.  L,  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate  with 
long  and  narrow  tip,  densely  serrulate-dentate,  on  upper  surface 
glabrous  and  shining,  beneath  of  a  lighter  colour,  sometimes 
tomentose  with  greyish  or  brownish  hairs,  sometimes  glabrate  ; 
(lowers  in  stalked  clusters;  stamens  10;  stigma  capitate. 
C.  stipularis  Vent.  Clwix.  t.  46  (1803)  ;  Griseb.  Ft.  Br.  W.  Ind.  23  ; 
EicJtl.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  1,  478.  C.  serrulata  Grixeb.  lor.  cit. 
(as  regards  the  Jamaican  specimens,  non  Sw.).  C.  serrata  Macf. 


214  n.oRA   OF  JAMAICA  Gaaearia 


l.    2H'»    (1837);    Uib.   Si/ml*.    Ant.    /•/'.    SS    ///   Oh*.       Sainyda 
•a  L.  JUrlt.  in  Act.  Soc.  ///*/.  Nat.  P,u:  i.  1U!»  (17!)2). 


Jam. 
arborea 

In  fl.  Nov.-March;  Wright !  near  Rose  Hill,  St.  Andrew,  M<i<-],nl; 
Moneaguo,   I'riorl  Claverty  Cottage,  Blur  Mts.,  J.P.  -ll»;.x  Morris!    Bull 
Head,   Famrft  !    Vinegar  Hill,   Jlarrix'.    Port  Antonio,   Hitchcod,  ;    S.E. 
slopes,  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  <i-  bntt<»t  !  Fl.  Jam.  5475,  10,091, 
10,734. — Cuba,  llispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Guiana,  Brazil. 

Shrub  or  />re,  8-20  ft.  high;  young  branches  densely  puberulous  or 
glabrate.  Leaves  :  pellucid  dots  and  lines  sometimes  numerous,  but  few 
or  not  conspicuous  in  leaves  tomentose  beneath;  petioles  2-4  mm.  1. ; 
stipules  about  1  cm.  1.  (or  less),  lanceolate-linear,  densely  puberulous, 
falling  very  soon.  Peduncles  1-2  mm.  1. ;  pedicels  about  as  long  as  the 
calyx.  Calyx  3'5-4'5  mm.  1. ;  tube  scarcely  half  as  long.  Anthers  twin- 
subglobose,  with  a  minute  hairy  gland  on  the  back  at  apex.  Staminodcs 
oblong-lanceolate-spathulate,  hairy,  about  half  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
Ovary  glabrous  but  hairy  at  apex ;  style  hairy  near  base.  Fruit  about 
4  mm.  L,  ellipsoidal.  Seeds  about  2  mm.  L,  ellipsoidal,  minutely  reticu- 
lately  pitted. 

:».  C.  sylvestris  Su:  FL  Lid.  Occ.  752  (1798);  leaves  6-9 
(3-14)  cm.  1.,  oblong,  elliptical,  or  ovate,  acuminate  with  a  long 
narrow  tip,  base  usually  somewhat  unequal,  subentire,  glabrous  ; 
flowers  in  axillary  sessile  clusters ;  calyx  2-2  •  5  mm.  1.  ; 
stamens  10  ;  stigma  3-cleft. — Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  23  ;  Eicltl. 
in  FL  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  1,  481  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  422  &  viii.  448. 
C.  par vi flora  Macf.  Jam.  i.  216  (non  Willd.).  Arbor  baccifera 
foliis  &c.  Sloane  'Cat.  173  &  Hist.  ii.  108,  t.  211,  /.  2.  Samyda 
foliis  ovatis  cum  acumine  itc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam,  217.  S.  parvi- 
flora  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1025  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  378  (non  Loefl.). 
Specimens  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  in  Mus.  Botan. 
Stockholm. 

Banks  of  Rio  Cobre,  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  39 !  Wright  \  Dancer !  Swartz\ 
Distin !  Wilson  !  Moneague,  Prior !  March  !  J.P.  711,  Jcnman  !  Kings 
House,  J.P.  907,  Hart\  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1464,  1466, 
Morris  !  Port  Morant,  Hitchcock  ;  Cascade  ;  Whitfield  Hall ;  Troy,  2000  ft. ; 
Harris  I  Liguanea  plain,  600  ft.,  Campbell !  between  Bath  and  Cuna  Cuna 
Pass,  Harris  <0  Britton !  Ythanside,  Portland,  Moore  I  Robertsfield,  Blue 
Mts.,  Perkins  \  Fl.  Jam.  5236,  5390,  6239,  9408,  10,555,  10,646.— West 
Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Shrub  or  tree,  12-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  with  numerous  pellucid  dots  and 
lines ;  petioles  4-5  mm.  1. ;  stipules  cordate-ovate  or  roundish,  1-1 '5  mm.  1. 
Flowers  white.  Pedicels  3-5  mm.  1.  Calyx  sparingly  puberulous ;  tube 
about  one-fourth  of  length.  Stamens  free ;  anthers  subglobose  with  a 
glabrous  gland  at  apex.  Staminodes  spathulate-oblong,  hairy,  about  half 
as  long  as  stamens.  Pistil  glabrous  ;  style  short.  Fruit  subglobose,  red 
or  orange,  4 -5-5  mm.  L,  3-cornered,  3-valved  ;  valves  at  length  spreading, 
united  at  base.  Seeds  2  mm.  L,  flattened-ellipsoidal,  swollen  at  hilum. 

4.  C.  guianensis  Urb.  Synth.  Ant.  Hi.  322  (1902);  leaves 
6-18  cm.  L,  oblong-elliptical,  obovate-elliptical,  or  elliptical, 
obtuse  and  shortly  acuminate,  more  or  less  serrulate-dentate, 
nerves  5-6,  pubescent  in  young  leaves  on  both  sides  ;  stipules 
2-5  mm.  1.,  linear-awl-shaped,  soon  falling;  pedicels  jointed  close 


Casearia  FLACOURTIACE.K  215 

to  base  ;  flowers  in  axillary  sessile  clusters,  usually  at  nodes 
which  have  dropped  their  leaves  below  the  leafy  apex  of  the 
twigs;  stamens  8;  stigma  capitate. — Urb.  Synib.  Ant.  iv.  420  & 
mil.  447.  C.  ramiflora  Valtl  Synib.  ii.  50  (1791)  ;  Grind.  Ft.  Br. 
W.  Lid.  24  (excl.  var.  /?) ;  Eichl.  in  FL  Bras,  xiii.  pt.  1,  464. 
Iroucaiia  guianensis  Alibi.  Guian.  i.  329,  /.  127  (1775).  A 
specimen  from  Aublet  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Mac  fad  i/ en  !  St.  Mary,  McXab  !  March  !  Friendship,  St.  Ann,  Brit  ton 
2559 !  Lucea,  Hitchcock ;  Mocha  road,  Catadupa,  2000  ft.  ;  Gully  road, 
St.  Ann's  Bay ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2000  ft.  ;  near  Bath  ;  Harris  !  Fl. 
Jam.  9179,  10,367,  10,369,  11,039,  11,956.— West  Indies,  Central  and 
S.  America. 

Shrub  10-12  ft.  high,  or  shrubby  tree  20-30  ft.  high,  without  spines ; 
young  twigs  with  brown  hairs.  Leaves  with  numerous  pellucid  dots  and 
lines  ;  petioles  3-6  iinn.  1.  Flowers  white,  greenish-white,  or  greenish- 
yellow,  very  fragrant ;  pedicels  5-7  mm.  1.,  usually,  together  with  the 
calyx,  with  brown  hairs.  Calyx  4  to  nearly  5  mm.  1. ;  tube  less  than  or 
about  1  mm.  1.  Stamens  glabrous.  Staminodcs  villose,  oblong,  broader 
near  apex.  Ovary  villose.  Fruit  white,  often  with  one  side  brownish- 
violet  or  reddish-brown,  6-12  mm.  1.,  ellipsoidal  or  subglobose,  obtusely 
6-cornered.  Seeds  3-10,  subovoid,  3-3' 5  mm.  1.,  buff-coloured,  minutely 
pitted,  swollen  at  hilum,  with  orange-coloured  aril. 

5.  C.   aeuleata  Jacq.  Enum.  21   (1760)  tfc  Sel.  Stirp.  Amer. 
133  ;  leaves  4-7  (3-12)  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  ovate-elliptical,  obovate- 
elliptical,  or  lanceolate-ovate,  acute,  obtuse,  obtusely  acuminate, 
remotely  serrate-dentate  or  subentire,  nerves  4-5,  more  or  less 

J 

with  brown  hairs  on  nerves  of  younger  leaves;  stipules  1  mm.  1., 
lanceolate,  very  soon  falling ;  pedicels  jointed  about  the  middle 
or  between  middle  and  base  ;  flowers  in  axillary  sessile  clusters 
at  the  nodes  (leafy  or  leafless)  of  younger  branches,  in  other 
respects  as  in  C.  guianensis.— Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  419  &  viii.  446. 
C.  spinosa  Wllld.  Sp.  PL  ii.  626  (1799) ;  EicM.  in  FL  Bras.  xiii. 
pt,  1,  463.  C.  hirta  Sw.  FL  Lid.  Occ.  756  (1798);  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ind.  23  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  215.  Samyda  spinosa  foliis  tfcc. 
Plnm.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  138,  t.  147,  f.  1.  S.  spinosa  L.  Sp.  PL 
ed.  2,  557  (1762).'  S.  tomentosa  Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1788).  S.  multi- 
flora  Cav.  Icon.  i.  48,  L  67  (1791).  C.  ramiflora  Valtl  var. 
spinosa  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  24  (1859).  Type  from  Jamaica 
of  C.  hirta  Su\  in  Mus.  Botan.  Stockholm,  and  specimens  from 
S \vartz  from  Hispaniola  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Woody  pastures,  Swartz  !  Macfadycn  ! — Cuba,  Isle  of  Pines,  Hispaniola, 
Porto  Kico,  tropical  continental  America. 

Shrub,  6-8  ft.  bigh ;  branches  frequently  spiny;  young  twigs  glabrous 
or  more  or  less  with  brown  hairs,  at  length  glabrate.  Leave x  with 
numerous  pellucid  dots  and  lines.  Fruit  ovoid-subglobose,  obtusely 
3-cornered.  Seeds  as  in  C.  yuianensis. 

6.  C.  odorata  Marf.  Jtnn.  /.  215  (1S37);  leaves  2-5-9  cm.  1., 
elliptical,  obovate,  or  subrhomboidal,  apex  scarcely  or  abruptly 
and  shortly  acuminate,  tip  obtuse  or  subemarginate,  base  acute, 


216  FLORA   OF  JAMAICA  Casearia 

running  into  the  petiole,  margin  more  or  less  evidently  crenulate- 
serrulate,  on  upper  surface  shining,  beneath  on.  nerves  puberulous 
or  glabrescent ;  stipules  1-2  mm.  L,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  shortly  awl-shaped  ;  liowers  in  axillary  sessile  clusters  ; 
stamens  8;  stigma  capitate. —  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  Hi.  321.  C.  rami- 
flora  v.  spinosa  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  24  (as  regards  the 
specimen  from  Jamaica). 

Cockspur. 

In  fl.  June-Oct. ;  ^\'rif/Jit !  Sirartz  !  t-avaunas,  St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale  ; 
Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  Macfadyen  \  Distin  I  Pedro  district,  Purclie  \  Moneague, 
Prior  I  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1463,  Hart !  Yallahs  valley, 
1500  ft. ;  Mavis  Bank  ;  Cascade  Rock  ;  Troy.  1600  ft.  ;  Stanmore  Hill, 
2200  ft. ;  Malvern,  2200  ft. ;  New  Market,  1150  ft.  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam. 
5744,  6595,  8155,  9467,  9773,  9808,  9868,  9S78. 

Shrub,  without  spines,  6-12  ft.  high,  sometimes  straggling  vine-like, 
growing  to  a  length  of  30  ft.,  occasionally  a  tree  15-20  ft.  high.  Leaves 
with  numerous  pellucid  dots  but  few  lines  ;  petioles  4-6  mm.  1.  Flowers 
greenish-white,  very  fragrant,  4-10(-15)  in  a  cluster.  Pedicels  4-5  mm.  1. 
Sepals  4-5  mm.  L,  elliptical-oblong,  united  at  base.  Fruit  globose, 
nearly  1  cm.  L,  angled,  3-valved. 

7.  C.  hirsuta  Suo.  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  755  (1798) ;  leaves  6-12  cm.  1. ; 
elliptical,  apex  rounded  or  acute  or  with  a  short  pointed  tip,  base 
sometimes  unequal,  pubescent  on  both  sides  with  brownish  hairs, 
beneath  soft  to  the  touch,  obscurely  crenate-  or  dentate-serrate ; 
pedicels  jointed  between,  middle  and  base ;  flowers  in  sessile 
clusters;  stamens  8  or  10;  stigma  capitate. — Macf.  Jam.  i.  217  ; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  23  ;  Eichl.  torn.  cit.  470  (in  Obs.) ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
viii.  447.  C.  mollis  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  v.  365,  t.  480 
(1823)  (Lindleya  mollis  in  tab.').  C.  hirta  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (non 
Su\).  Frutex  baccifer  folio  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  173  &  Hist.  ii.  109. 
JSamyda  foliis  ovatis  villosis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  218?  S.  Gui 
donia  L.  Am'jen.  v.  379?  (1760).  Type  in  Mu«.  Botan.  Stock- 
holm. Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn.,  named  "  Sarnyda? 
nitida  or  lateriflora "  with  a  reference  to  page  218  of  Browne's 
Hist.  Jam. 

Cloven  Berries. 

Browne  !  Broughton  !  Sliakcspcar !  Masson !  Swartz  \  Bancroft  \  Mac- 
fadycn [  St.  Elizabeth,  Purdie !  Moneague,  Prior !  March !  Liguanea 
plain,  J.P.  625,  1292,  Morris  !  Berwick  Hill ;  Hope  Mines,  750  ft.  ;  Round 
Hill,  Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  1850  ft. ;  Harris  !  M.  Jam.  8365,  9698.— Cuba,  Is.  of 
Pines,  Hispaniola,  Panama,  Venezuela,  Guiana. 

Shrub,  8-25  ft.  high,  without  spines.  Leaves  :  nerves  and  veins  slightly 
prominent  on  both  sides,  with  numerous  pellucid  dots  but  very  few  lines ; 
petioles  4-5  mm.  1. ;  stipules  3  mm.  1.,  linear-lanceolate.  Flowers  white  or 
greenish-white,  fragrant.  Calyx  4'5  mm.  L,  minutely  tomentose ;  tube 
less  than  half  as  long.  Fruit  ovoid,  3-cornered,  3-valved,  1-1*5  cm.  1. 

2.  ZUELANIA  A.   Rich. 

Trees   or    shrubs.      Leaves    with    pellucid    dots,     stipulate. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite,  in  dense  clusters ;  pedicels  jointed,  with 


JZuelania 


FLACOURTIACE^ 


217 


bracts  at  the  base.  Calyx-lobes  4—5,  overlapping.  Petals  want- 
ing. Stamens  20-40,  alternating  with  as  many  staminodes. 

O  O  »/ 

Ovary  free  ;  stigma  sessile  or  subsessile,  peltate  ;  ovules  numerous 
on  3  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls.  Capsule  large,  fleshy,  globose, 
berry-like,  at  length  opening  by  valves.  Seeds  numerous,  with 
an  aril ;  endosperm  fleshy. 

Species  1  or  2,  natives  of  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  the  Bahamas. 

Z.  Guidonia  Britt.  &  Nilhp.  Bait.  FL  285  (1920).    Z.  laetioides 
A.  Pdcli.  in  Sagra  Cub.  x.  33,  xli.  t.  12  (1845),     Laetia  Guidonia 


Fig.  85. — Zuelania  Guidonia  Britt.  &  Millsp. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  flowers        C,  Flower  just  opening  X  3. 

and  young  leaves  x  5.  D,  Fruit  X  A. 

B,  Flower  X  3. 

Sw.  Prodr.  83  (1788);  Macf.  Jam.  /.  43.  I.,  longifolia  .1.  EicL 
torn.  cit.  31,  t.  10  (1845).  Samyda  icosandra  Sic.  FL  Ind.  Occ. 
1962  (1806).  S.  major  tfcc.  .4.  Bolinson  Ic.  incd.  Thiodia 
Ifetioides  Grisel.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  22  (1859).  (Fig.  85.) 

Cufitey  Wood,  Silver  Wood,  Glass  Wood. 

Wright !  Swartzl  Moneague,  Prior !  March  !  Gueenvale,  Westmoreland, 
500  ft.;  Potsdam,  2600  ft.;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.;  Harris  I  FL 
Jam.  7088,  9819,  11,020.— Cuba,  Bahamas. 


218  KI.'MIA    OK    -JAMAICA  Zurl<iiii,i 

7V,,  ,  i^O-GO  ft.  high.  Leaven  6-11  (5-20)  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  oblong,  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  apiculate,  base  more  or  less  unequal,  obtuse,  rounded, 
or  rarely  subcordate,  serrulate  or  su ben. tire,  pubcrulous  on  both  sides, 
glabrei-ccut  above  ;  petioles  1  cm.  1.  or  less.  Flowers  terminal  on  twigs 
before  the  leaves  appear,  after  which  the  shoot  is  prolonged,  so  that  the 
fruit  becomes  lateral ;  pedicels  puberulous,  6-10  mm.  1.  Calyx  6-7  mm.  1., 
white.  Stanriiioiles  about  half  as  long  as  stamens.  Ovary  tomentose. 
l-'ntit  subglobose,  3-5  cm.  in  diam.,  many-seeded. 

The  timber  is  used  for  building. 

3.  SAMYDA  L. 

Shrubs.  Leaves  distichous,  oblong,  with  pellucid  lines  and 
dots.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  solitary  or  clustered,  axillary. 
Calyx- tube  bell-shaped,  coloured.  Sepals  4-6,  overlapping, 
unequal.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  8-13,  growing  from  the 
throat  of  the  calyx  ;  filaments  more  or  less  completely  united 
into  a  tube.  Ovary  free,  ovoid,  narrowing  into  the  style  ;  stigma 
capitate  ;  ovules  very  many,  on  3-5  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls. 
Fruit  subglobose,  leathery-fleshy,  with  3-5  valves  at  apex,  and 
indefinite  seeds.  Seeds  angular,  with  a  ventral  hilum,  fleshy 
aril,  coat  hard  and  brittle,  endosperm  fleshy ;  embryo  small,  with 
leafy  cotyledons. 

Species  4  or  5,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico. 

Leaves  obovate-oblong,  or  obovate-elliptical,  cr  elliptical, 

densely  puberulous  beneath    2.  S.  pubescent. 

Leaves  oblong-elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate. 

Leaves :   apex  blunt,  base  generally  acute  and  shortly 
prolonged  into  the  petiole,  more  or  less  glabrous 

beneath    1.  S.  glabrata. 

Leaves :  apex  acuminate,  base  rounded  unequal,  villose 

on  nerves  beneath 3.  S.  villosa. 

1.  S.  glabrata  Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1786)  &•  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  760; 
leaves  2-6(-18)  cm.  L,  oblong,  oblong-elliptical,  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late, apex  blunt  or  broadly  acuminate,  base  generally  acute  and 
shortly  prolonged  into  the  petiole,  glabrous  or  beneath  sparingly 
and  minutely  hairy  011  the  nerves,  margin  entire  ;  flowers  solitary 
(rarely  2) ;  calyx  not  keeled. — Macf.  Jam.  i.  213  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 

Jr.  Ltd.  24  (measurement  of  flower  incorrect)  (in  part,  excl.  syn. 

Vent,  and  hab.  Porto  Rico  and  St.  Thomas)  ;  Warb.  in  EnyL  <!• 
Prantl  Pflanzenfam.  Hi.  6,  a.  47,  /.  18,  D-F.  S.  acuminata  Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.  v.  441  (1908).  Specimen  in  Herb.  Stockholm  collected 
by  Swartz  in  Jamaica  and  named  in  his  own  hand  ;  a  specimen 
apparently  collected  from  the  same  shrub  by  Swartz  in  Herb. 
3.1  us.  Brit. 

In  fl.  (fide  Sw.)  Oct.,  Xov.  ;  high  mountains,  Swartz  !  Distin !  Dunrobin 
Castle,  Purdic  !  Wilson  !  Moneague,  Prior  !  in  fl.  June,  near  Old  England, 
Blue  Mts.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5176. 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  branchlets  glabrous.     Petioles  3-6  mm.  1.     Stipules 


Samyda 


FLACOUETIACE^ 


219 


linear-awl-shaped  or  awl-shaped  from  a  broad  base,  about  1  mm.  1.  Flowers 
greenish  outside,  white  inside.  Pedicels  1-3  mm.  1.  Calyx  9-10  mm.  1. ; 
tube  about  5  mm.  1.  Stamens  10 ;  tube  white.  Ovary  oblong-ovate,  pubes- 
cent. Style  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  stamens.  Fruit  3-cornered, 
3-valved,  3-4  cm.  1.  ;  valves  thick,  leathery.  Seeds  numerous  ;  aril  orange- 
coloured. 

2.  S.  pubeseens  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  557  (1762)  (excl.  syn.) ; 
leaves  3-7  cm.  1.,  usually  obovate-oblong  or  obovate-elliptical, 
apex  usually  rounded,  sometimes  obtuse  or  acute,  base  obtuse  to 
rounded,  sometimes  unequal,  on  both  sides  soft  to  the  touch,  on 
upper  surface  puberulous  and  densely  so  beneath,  margin  minutely 
toothed ;  flowers  2-4  ;  calyx  5-keeled,  lobes  3-keelecl. — Siv.  Obs. 


Fig.  86. — Samyda  'pubeseens  L. 

A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

and  flowers  x  H.  C,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

179  ;  Spreny.  Syst.  ii.  354.  S.  serrulata  Andr.  Sot.  Rep.  Hi.  t.  202 
(1802) ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  (in  part)  (non  L.).  S.  rosea 
Sims  Bot.  Mag.  t,  550  (1802) ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  vlii.  445.  (Fig.  86.) 

St.  Mary,  McNabl  March  \  near  Gordon  Town,  Bev.  J.  Roberts  I  Miss 
Longl  Bermuda  Mount,  950  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5726. — Hispaniola. 

Shrub,  5  ft.  high,  braiichlets  villose.  Leaves  :  petioles  '2-3  mm.  1. ; 
stipules  awl-shaped,  1-2  mm.  1.  Flowers  red  or  white.  Pedicels  about 
4  mm.  1.  Calyx  9-16  mm.  1. ;  tube  less  than  half  its  length ;  lobes 
unequal,  semi-elliptical.  Stamens  10-12  ;  tube  2  mm.  1.  Fruit  ellipsoidal, 
12-15  mm.  1. 

3.-  S.  villosa  Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1788)  &  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  758 ;  leaves 
4-1 1  cm.  1.,  oblong-elliptical  or  elliptical,  acuminate,  base  rounded, 
unequal,  puberulous  and  soft  to  the  touch  on  both  sides,  villose 
with  brown  hairs  on  nerves  especially  beneath,  margin  obscurely 


220 


FLOE  A   OF   JAMAICA 


Samyda 


.•i  ml  obtusely  serrate  or  subentire ;  flowers  solitary;  calyx  not 
keeled.  —  Macf.  Jam.  i.  214.  Sadymia  villosa  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Lul.  L'.r)  (1859). 

In  fl.  in  spring;    Wright  I  mountains,  Su'artzl 

Slirub,  about  G  ft.  high,  young  branchlets  villose.  Petioles  3-4  mm.  1., 
villose;  stipules  thread-like,  villose,  1  mm.  1.  Flowers  in  axils  of  leaves, 
subsessile.  Calyx  8  mm.  1.  ;  tube  about  half  its  length,  puberulous; 
lobes  oblong,  "white,  becoming  green  below"  (Sw.).  Stamens  10;  tube, 
10-striate,  white.  "  Fruit  ovate,  shortly  acuminate,  fleshy,  obtusely 
3-4-cornered,  3-4-valved.  Seeds  several,  ovate,  shining;  aril  scarlet  or 
pale  red"  (Sw.). 

Grisebach  separates  this  species  as  belonging  to  a  distinct  genus  on  the 
ground  that  the  stamens  are  distinct,  and  the  very  short  filaments  inserted 
on  the  throat  of  the  calyx-tube,  but  this  is  contrary  to  Swartz's  description. 

4.  LAETIA  Lcefl. 

Small  trees.  Leaves  usually  crenate  or  serrate,  with  pellucid 
dots  and  lines.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  axillary  or  terminal, 
clustered  or  corymbose.  Sepals  4  or  5,  broad,  subpetaloid,  widely 
overlapping,  at  length  reflexed  and  then  soon  falling.  Petals 
wanting.  Stamens  indefinite,  rarely  15  to  10,  hypogynous,  some- 
times slightly  united  at  base,  staminodes  wanting  ;  anthers  ovoid. 
Ovary  with  3  (4  or  6)  placentas ;  ovules  indefinite  ;  style  simple ; 


Fig.  87. — Laetia  Thainnia  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  inflores-  C,  Ovary  cut  lengthwise  x  6. 

D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 


cence  X  ^. 
B,  Flower  x  2. 


E,  Seed  x 


Laetia  FLACOURTIACE^]  221 

stigma  capitate  or  3-lobed.  Fruit  :  berry,  often  resinous  inside, 
opening  after  a  time  by  valves.  Seeds  with  an  aril ;  coat  leathery  ; 
embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  broad. 

Species  about  20,  growing  in  tropical  America,  including  the 
West  Indies. 

L.  Thamnia  L.  Amoen.  v.  413,  379  (1760);  Sw.  Prodr.  83  & 
Fl  Lid.  Occ.  950  ;  Macf.  Jam.  i.  44 ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  20  ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  445.  L.  americana  L.  (in  part)  Syst.  ed.  10, 
1074  (1759)  &,  Amoen.  v.  379.  Thamnia  foliis  tfcc.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  245,  t.  45,  /.  2.  T.  Swartzii  Hitchc.  in  Fourth  Ann.  Rep. 
Miss.  Bot.  Gard.  59  (1893).  Guidonia  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  249. 
Casearia  contracta  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  19  (1909).  (Fig.  87.) 

Wattle   Wood. 

In  fi.  March-July;  in  fr.  Aug.;  Wright  I  Shakespearl  Macfadyenl 
Manchester,  Purdie  !  Mauchioneal;  Mansfield,  near  Bath,  1200  ft. ;  Wilson  I 
Moneague,  Prior !  J.P.  717,  Jenman  !  Kings  House,  J.P.  1278,  Hart  I  Green 
Valley,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1278,  Campbell !  Lucea,  Hitchcock  ;  near  Cinchona ; 
Mona  Mt. ;  -Faivcettl  Blue  Mts.  (below  Berwick  Hill;  Sheldon;  Green 
Valley) ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft. ;  Long  Mt.,  road  to  Wareka ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
5105,  5128,  5214,  8756,  9619,  10,013 ;  Robertefield,  Blue  Mts.,  Perkins  !- 
Cuba,  Hispaniola. 

Tree,  8-18  ft.  high,  very  fragrant.  Leaves  5-10  crn.  1.,  elliptical  or 
elliptical-lanceolate,  entire  or  indistinctly  crenulate,  with  pellucid  dots, 
especially  in  the  young  thin  leaves ;  petiole  -5-1  cm.  1. ;  stipules  triangular, 
•7-1  mm.  1.  Flowers  white  with  a  tinge  of  rose  colour  or  light  yellow,  in 
stalked  corymbs.  Sepals  4,  petaloid,  about  4  mm.  1.  Fruit  globose,  fleshy, 
2-4  cm.  in'diani.,  1-celled,  4-5-valved,  many-seeded. 

The  common  name  is  due  to  the  use  of  the  long  branches  in  the 
construction  of  huts. 

5.  LUNANIA  Hook. 

Trees  with  slender  zigzag  branches.  Leaves  stalked,  entire, 
3— 5-nervecl,  nerves  connected  by  transverse  veins,  with  minute 
pellucid  dots ;  stipules  wanting.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  small, 
in  slender  racemes  or  panicles,  axillary  or  terminal,  simple  or 
branching  ;  pedicels  jointed  at  the  base.  Calyx  subglobose,  at 
length  split  valvately  into  2  or  3  spreading  membranous  lobes. 
Petals  wanting.  Stamens  6-10,  inserted  round  and  attached  to 
a  hypogynous  cup-shaped  disk,  alternating  with  its  teeth  or  lobes 
(staminodes)  ;  anthers  ovoid  or  oblong,  opening  on  the  outside. 
Ovary  ovoid,  narrowing  into  a  3-lobed  style  with  truncate 
stigmas ;  ovules  very  many,  growing  on  3  broad  placentas. 
Capsule  leathery,  globose,  3-valvecl,  with  few  or  many  seeds. 
Seeds  with  a  fleshy  aril. 

Species  8,  2  natives  of  Jamaica,  4  of  Cuba,  1  of  Bolivia  and 
Peru,  and  1  of  Mexico. 

Racemes  solitary,  long,  pendulous 1.  L.  racemosa. 

Panicles  with  erect  branches,  umbel-like  at  apex...  2.  L.  polydactyla. 


FLOKA    OF    .lA.MAlc.V 


L  it  nun  in 


1.  L.  racemosa  Hool-.  Loud.  J<mni.  J><>t.  Hi.  .">17,  //.  11,  1*2 
(1844);    Gri*>b.   Fl.  Br.  W.  In<l.   20;    Url>.  St/mb.  Ant.  vi.   19  in 

Obs.  1.     (Fig.  88.) 

Woods  above  Bio  Manna,  St.  Mary,  Purdi<'\  Wihon\  near  Browns 
Town,  St.  Ann,  Priori  eastern  slopes  of  south  end  of  John  Crow  (Blake) 
Mts.,  Harris  A  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,738. 

Tree,  25  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-12  cm.  1.,  ovate,  base  often  oblique,  above 
gradually  acuminate,  tip  acute,  subleathery-membranous,  the  3  strong 


Fig.  88. — Lunania  racemosa  Hook. 
A,  Leaf  and  portion  of  inflorescence  C,  Ovary  x  7. 


X  3. 
B,  Flower  x  4. 


D,  Fruit  X  2. 

E,  Seed  x  6. 


nerves  separating  a  little  above  the  base  ;  petioles  1-1  '5  cm.  1.  Racemes 
solitary  at  the  apcx  of  branches,  above  usually  forked,  3  dm.  1.  and  more, 
pendulous.  Pedicels  2-1*5  mm.  1.  Sepals  2,  about  3  mm.  L,  chestnut- 
brown  colour.  Stamens  6-9.  Disk  about  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Fruit 
depressed-obovoid,  brown,  crowned  by  the  style,  splitting  into  3  valves. 
Seeds  many,  ellipsoidal. 

2.  L.  polydaetyla  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  vi.  18  (1909);  Griseb. 
loc.  cit.  under  L.  racemosa  Hook,  (so  far  as  regards  Wilson's 
specimen). 


Lunania  FLACOURTIACE.E  223 

Swartzl  Mansfield,  Bath,  1000  ft.,  Wilson !  Hibernia,  Blue  Mts., 
3000  ft. ;  St.  George,  2400  ft. ;  south-eastern  foot-hills  of  John  Crow 
(Blake)  Mts. ;  Toms  Cave  wood,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam. 
5298,  5747,  5801,  10,686,  10,851;  between  Vinegar  Hill  and  Thomson's 
Gap,  J.  R.  Perkins  ! 

Tree,  20-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-7(-10)  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical, 
base  rounded,  sometimes  slightly  cordate  and  suboblique,  somewhat 
abruptly  acuminate,  tip  obtuse,  sometimes  with  unequal  sides,  papery, 
the  3  strong  nerves  springing  from  the  insertion  of  the  petiole ;  petioles 
about  1  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  terminal  and  lateral ;  branches  racemose- 
spike-like,  erect  or  spreading,  slender,  the  terminal  4-5  branches  clustered 
umbel-like.  Pedicels  '5-1  mm.  1.  Sepals  2  or  3,  about  l-5  mm.  1., 
2  mm.  br.  Stamens  5-7 ;  filaments  1  mm.  1.  Disk  about  1  mm.  1.  Style 
almost  none,  undivided  ;  stigmas  3,  sessile.  Fruit  sphasroid-S-cornered,  to 
5  mm.  in  diam.  Seeds  many,  ellipsoidal  or  globose-ellipsoidal. 

6.  HOMALIUM  Jacq, 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate,  glandular- 
crenate  or  serrate,  less  often  entire.  Flowers  hermaphrodite, 
small,  in  axillary  racemes  (in  Jamaican  species).  Calyx-tube 
united  with  the  base  of  the  ovary  ;  lobes  6-7,  persistent.  Petals 
6-7,  inserted  at  the  throat  of  the  calyx,  alternate  with  calyx- 
segments,  persistent.  Disk  present  in  the  form  of  glands 
opposite  the  calyx-segments.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals 
and  opposite  them,  or  more  numerous  in  clusters  opposite  the 
petals,  alternate  with  the  glands ;  anthers  small.  Ovary  half- 
superior,  1 -celled ;  styles  2-6,  thread-like  ;  ovules  many  or  few, 
attached  to  2-6  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls.  Capsule  half- 
superior,  leathery,  2-6  valves  at  the  apex,  with  few  seeds. 
Seeds  angular  or  oblong,  coat  hard  and  brittle,  endosperm  fleshy ; 
cotyledons  leafy. 

Species  about  80,  natives  of  tropical  America  (iiicl.  W.  Indies), 
Africa,  Asia,  north  Australia,  Fiji  islands. 

Leaves  crenate  or  crenate-serrate.    Petals  3 '5-5  mm.  1.  1.  H.  raeemosum. 
Leaves    subentire   or   obscurely   crenate   or   crenate- 
serrate.     Petals  2  •  5-3 *S  mm.  1 2.  H.  integri folium. 

1.  H.  raeemosum  Jacq.  Sel.  Stir  p.  Amer.  170,  t.  183, /.  72 
(1763);  Sw.  Prodi:  86  &  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  989,  /.  17:  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  519;  Macf.  Jam.  /.  218;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  298;  Benth. 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  36.  H.  raeemosum  Jacq.  subsp.  barbellatum 
Blake  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  xx.  229  (1919).  Bradleia, 
A.  Robinson  Ic.  ined.  (Fur.  89.) 

In  ti.  July,  Aug. ;  in  fr.  Sept. ;  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadyen  ;  Great 
Valley,  Manchester,  P untie  I  March  \  J.P.  697,  Jen-man  I  Mavis  Bank, 
Fawcettl  Sheldon  road;  Content  road,  3000ft.;  Old  England,  Blue  Mts., 
3500  ft. ;  Hope  River  valley ;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5563,  6108,  6465,  8156, 
9981. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Antigua,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique. 

Shrub  9  ft.,  or  tree  15-40  ft.  high;  younger  branches  with  whitish 
lenticels.  Leaves  5-13  cm.  1.,  broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical,  apex  pointed 


!l;4 


FLORA    OK    JAMAICA 


Homalui  in 


to  very  shortly  acuminate,  crenate  or  crcnate-serrate,  glabrous  but 
often  bearded  in  axils  of  nerves  beneath.  Racemes  simple  or  paniculate; 
peduncles  2-4  cm.  1.,  glabrous;  rhachis  2-8  cm.  1.  Calyx:  segments. 


Fig.  S9. — Hfimaltnni  racemosum  Oacq. 

A,  Twig  with  leaves  and  flowers  x  -;.  C,  Ovary  cut  across  X  6. 

B,  Flower     with     sepals,     petals,    and        L>,  Fruit  cut  down,  showing  seed,  which 

et-anipiis  nrpssp.fl  down  ill  front,  V  3.  has  filled  thp,  rn.vit,v.   V  'A. 


stamens  pressed  down  in  front  X  3. 


has  filled  the  cavity,  x  2. 


usually  lanceolate,  2*  8-3*  5  mm.  1.  Petals  3 '5-5  mm.  1.  Stamens  in 
clusters  of  3  or  4.  Styles  3,  distinct.  Ovary  conical,  densely  villose ; 
placentas  3 ;  ovules  3  on  each  placenta.  Capsule  with  1  or  2  seeds. 

2.  H.  integrifolium  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xxxvii.  354 

(1910);  Blake  loc.  rlt. 

White  Logwood. 

In  fl.  in  March;  S.E.  end  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Alts.,  Harris  &  Britton ! 

Tree,  50  ft.  high ;  younger  branches  with  whitish  lenticels.  Leaves 
7-14*5  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or  ovate-elliptical,  apex  acuminate 
or  acute,  obscurely  crenate  or  crenate-serrate  or  subentire,  glabrous  on 


Homalium 


FLACOUETIACE.E 


225 


both  sides  but  sometimes  bearded  in  the  axils  of  nerves  beneath.  Racemes 
simple,  puberulous  ;  peduncles  1-3-2-5  cm.  1. ;  rhachis  3-7  cm.  1.  Calyx  : 
segments  usually  lanceolate,  1-5-3  mm.  1.  Petals  2 -5-3 '8  mm.  1.,  ovate 
or  oval-ovate.  Stamens  in  clusters  of  3,  shorter  than  the  petals.  Styles  3, 
distinct.  Ovary  depressed-conical,  villose. 

Should  perhaps  be  included  under  H.  racemosum. 

7.  XYLOSMA  Forst. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  often  with  axillary  spines.  Leaves  toothed 
or  less  often  entire,  shortly  stalked ;  stipules  wanting.  Flowers 
clustered  in  the  axils  or  sometimes  shortly  racemose,  dioecious, 


B 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and 

flowers  x  -3. 

B,  Male  flower  with  part  of  the  calyx 

cut  off  to  show  the  disk  x  7. 


Fig.  90. — Xylo.-ina  nUidum  A.  Gr. 

C,  Female  flower  with  sepals  turned 

down  to  show  the  disk  x  7. 

D,  l)itto  cut  lengthwise  X  7. 

E,  Fruit  X  -2. 

F,  Seed  X  2. 


rarely  polygamous.  Sepals  4-5,  scale-like,  generally  ciliate, 
overlapping.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  indefinite,  free,  often 
surrounded  by  a  glandular  disk  ;  anthers  versatile,  short.  Ovary 
surrounded  by  a  disk ;  placentas  2,  sometimes  3-6,  with  2  or 
few  ovules  on  each  ;  style  entire  or  more  or  less  divided,  with 
dilated  stigmas,  or,  occasionally  the  stigma  subsessile,  flattened 
V.  Q 


L;l!G  KI.nKA    01'    JAMAICA 

and     lobed.        Berry    1-celled,    small,    with     2-8    seeds.       S.-ods 
obovoid  ;  coat  smooth,  hard  and  brittle;  cotyledons  broad. 

Sprcics,  about  65,  most  in  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of 
the  whole  world. 

Leaves  5-11  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  elliptical,  acuminate 1.  A",  nitidum. 

Leaves  3-6  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  apex  obtuse  or  acute 2.  X.  Fawccttii. 

Leaves  2-3'5  cm.  1.,  obovate,  apex  rounded 3.  A",  schafferioides. 

1.  X.  nitidum  A.  Gr.  ex  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid  21  (1859) 
(excl.   several  syn.) ;    leaves   5-11   cm.   1.,   ovate  to  elliptical  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  shortly   and  obtusely  acuminate  ;  petioles  5-6 
mm.  1.  ;  pedicels  2-4  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  of  male  fis.  nearly  3  mm.  1., 
erect. — Hisingera   nitida    HeUenius   in   K.    Vetensk.   Acad.    Nya 
Handl.  xiii.  35,  t.  2  (1792).     Myroxylon  nitidum  Kuutze  Rev.  i. 
44  (1891);  Urb.  in  EnyL  Bat.  Julirb.  xv.  299.     (Fig.  90.) 

Manchester,  Purdie\  Kings  House,  J.P.  1078;  Cinchona,  5COO  ft., 
J.P.  1128,  1182;  Jobn  Crow  Peak,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1479;  Hartl  Green 
Valley,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  2U86,  Morris  !  St.  George  ;  near  Portland  Gap, 
5400-5550  ft. ;  between  Clydesdale  and  Cinchona,  4500  ft. ;  below  Green- 
wich Hill,  3500  ft.  ;  Harris  \  FL  Jam.  5412,  5543,  5568,  5668,  6143,  10,034, 
10,138. 

Shrub  or  tree  to  20  ft.  high;  lower  part  of  trunk  often  spiny.  Leaves  : 
base  rounded,  obtuse,  or  acute,  serrate-crenate  to  the  base,  nerves  on  both 
sides  prominent.  Flowers  fragrant,  dioecious,  in  1  or  2  umbel-like  clusters 
in  axils.  Sepals  light  green  or  greenish-yellow,  with  hairs  on  inside, 
margin  more  or  less  ciliate.  Disk  consisting  of  6,  8,  or  12  scales,  free  or 
more  or  less  united.  Male  flowers  :  Sepals  roundish.  Stamens  15-25, 
yellowish-green ;  filaments  3-4  mm.  1.  Female  flowers  :  Sepals  ovate,  about 
2  mm.  1.,  persistent.  Stamens  sometimes  1-4,  with  anthers  sterile. 
Styles  2,  continuous  with  ovary,  united  on  inner  face,  each  with  2  roundish 
hollow  stigmas.  Ovary  with  2  placentas  ;  ovules  4-8.  Berry  globose, 
5-6  mm.  in  diam. 

2.  X.  Faweettii  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  440  (1908);  leaves  3-6 
cm.  1.,  elliptical  to  ovate  or  obovate,  apex  obtuse  or  acute,  some- 
times rounded;    petioles  3-4  mm.  1.  ;    pedicels  of  male  fls.   5-8 
mm.  1.;   sepals  of  male  fls.  1*5-2  mm.  1.,  spreading  horizontally 
or  recurved. 

Moneague,  Prior !  Stanmore  Hill,  2200  ft. ;  Glasgow,  near  Troy, 
2000  ft. ;  Soho,  St.  Ann,  1400  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ;  Harris ! 
FL  Jam.  9776,  10,672,  11,987,  12,792. 

Shrub  9  ft.  or  tree  15-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  :  base  wedge-shaped,  crenate- 
toothed  from  above  the  base,  nerves  and  veins  on  both  sides  slightly 
prominent.  Flowers  dioecious  (male  only  seen),  in  clusters  of  3-9.  Sepals 
5  or,  by  union  of  two,  4,  roundish-ovate,  shortly  acuminate,  greenish- 
yellow,  fragrant.  Glands  of  disk  usually  united  into  a  crenate  ring, 
•5  mm.  1.  Stamens  10-17  ;  filaments  3-4  mm.  1. 

3.  X.  sehsefferioides  A.  Gr.  in  Griseb.  PL  Wright,  in  Mem. 
Acad.  Amer.  n.  ser.  viii.  155  (1860);  leaves  2-3 '5  cm.  1.,  obovate 
or  oblanceolate,  apex  rounded  or  very  obtuse ;  petioles  2-3  mm.  1. 


Xylosma  FLA.COUHTIACE.ffi  227 

-Uib.  Si/mb.  Ant.  viii.  444.     Myroxylon  schsefferioides  Kr.  d:  Urb. 
in  Engl  Bot.  JaJtrb.  xv.  300  (1892). 

White  Logwood. 

March  !  Corby,  Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  1500  ft. ;  Harris  I  PL  Jam.  9746.- 
Cuba,  Hispaniola, 

Tree  to  20  ft.  high.  Leaves  wedge-shaped  at  base,  entire  or  sparingly 
crenulate  above,  nerves  ascending,  on  both  sides  prominulous  or  sometimes 
only  beneath.  Flowers  dioecious,  in  umbel-like  clusters  in  axils.  Pedicels 
4-7  mm.  1.  Sepals  yellow,  erect  or  spreading,  about  1  mm.  1.,  roundish 
or  ovate.  Disk  fleshy,  ring-like,  margin  wavy.  Male  flowers  :  Stamens  2-2' 5 
mm.  1.,  10-16.  Female  flowers  :  Style  one,  very  short,  stigma  broad  with 
crenulate  margin.  Fruit  globose,  5  mm.  1.,  scarlet. 


FAMILY  LXXVII.     TURNERACE^E. 

i 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  rarely  trees,  glabrous  or  pubescent,  hairs 
usually  simple,  not  stinging.  Leaves  alternate,  simple  or  pin- 
nately  divided,  usually  acutely  serrate,  often  2-glandular  at  the 
base.  Stipules  small  or  wanting.  Flowers  regular,  herm- 
aphrodite, axillary,  solitary  or  few,  sessile  or  stalked,  sometimes 
racemose  ;  peduncles  free  or  united  with  the  petiole,  often  jointed 
and  2-bracteolate.  Sepals  5,  united  below  into  a  tube  (receptacle), 
soon  dropping  off,  imbricate.  Petals  5,  perigynous,  clawed,  mem- 
branous, twisted  iri  bud,  soon  dropping  off.  Stamens  5,  inserted 
at  the  base  or  middle  or  throat  of  the  calyx-tube  (receptacle), 
very  rarely  hypogynous  ;  filaments  free.  Anthers  oblong,  opening 
inwards.  Ovary  free,  ovoid  or  elongated,  1 -celled.  Styles  3, 
terminal,  thread-like,  simple  (Turnera)  or  more  or  less  divided 
(Piriqueta) ;  stigmas  brush-like,  with  an  indefinite  number  of 
branches,  or  rarely  simply  fan-like.  Ovules  indefinite,  attached 
to  3  placentas  on  the  ovary- walls  in  2  series  opposite  the  styles, 
ascending,  anatropous.  Capsule  1 -celled,  3-valved  at  the  apex 
or  through  the  whole  length,  valves  with  the  placentas  in  the 
middle,  with  indefinite  seeds.  Seeds  oblong-cylindrical,  slightly 
curved ;  aril  membranous ;  coat  somewhat  hard  and  brittle, 
pitted ;  endosperm  copious.  Embryo  large,  axile,  straight  or 
bent ;  cotyledons  plano-convex. 

Species  about  150,  mostly  American,  a  few  African,  one 
widely  dispersed  throughout  Asia  but  certainly  not  indigenous. 

Styles  simple 1.  Turnera. 

Styles^divided  2.  Piriqueta. 

i.  TURNERA  L. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  undershrubs,  glabrous,  pubescent,  or  tornen- 
tose.  Leaves  serrate,  or  somewhat  pinnately  divided,  or  entire, 
often  2-glandular  at  the  base.  Stipules  small  or  wanting. 
Flowers  solitary,  perigynous,  yellow ;  peduncle  usually  united  to 

Q  2 


228 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


the  petiole,  with   '1  bracteol*  Receptacle-tube  short.      Sepals 

oblong,  linear,  or  lanceolate.      JVtnls  obovate  nnnidi-h  or  spathu 
late.      Stamens  inserted   below  the  petals,  sometimes  hvpogvnoiis. 
Ovary  sessile.      Styles  simple,  with  stigma   brush-like  or  fun-like. 
Capsule  in  .lair.aican  specie-  ovoid-ellipsoidal  and  minutely  tuber 
culate.    Seeds  in  Jamaican  species  obovoid-oblong  ;  aril  unilateral. 
Species  about  100,  natives  chiefly  of  tropical  S.  America    but 
extending  to  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies,  and  even  to  Mada- 
gascar; one  species  has  been  introduced  into  the  E.  Indies. 

Leaves  large,  4-15  cm.  1.,  with  2  glands  at  base.    Shrub...  1.   T.  ulmifulm. 
Leaves  small,  '5-4  cm.  ].,  usually  without  glands. 

Annual.      Flowers  in  a  terminal  leafy  head.     Leaves 

1-4  cm.  1  .................................  "  ......................  2.   T.  Pumilca. 

Shrub.     Flowers  more  or  less  solitary.      Leaves  '5-l'5 

cm.  1  ..............................................................  3.  T.  diffusa. 


1.  T.  ulmifolia  L.  %  PL  271  (1753),  Sort.  Cliff,  t.  10,  & 
Amoen.  v.  377  ;  shrubby  herb  or  shrub,  1-4  ft.  high  ;  leaves  larger 


n 

*— '    *>.»  ••,, 


Fig.  Sl.—Turnera  ulmifolia  L. 

A,  Portion    of   branch    with    flower  and        C,  Ovary  cut  across  X  6. 

fruit  X  -jj.  I),  Seed  with  aiil  X  10. 

B,  Mower  cut  lengthwise,  petals  cut,  x  2.        E,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  X  10. 


Turnera  TLJKNERACE^  229 

7-15  cm.  1.,  with  2  glands  at  base;  calyx  2-2*5  cm.  1. — Mill. 
Diet.  ed.  8  &  Ic.  179,  t.  268;  Wright  Mem.  261;  Descourt.  Fl. 
Ant.  iv.  322,  t.  302  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  163;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4137; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  296  ;  Urb.  in  Jahrb.  Bot,  Gart.  Bed.  ii. 
138  it  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  3,  158,  t.  48;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S. 
135-2  ;  JBn'tf.  FL  Berm.  247  ;  JBntt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  282. 
T.  frutescens  ulmifolia  Plum.  Gen.  15,  t.  12;  Jfart.  (7en/.  Z.  49. 
T.  e  petiolo  florens  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  189.  T.  angustifolia 
Mill.  op.  cit.  (1768);  Bot,  Mag.  t.  281.  T.  ulmifolia  L.  var. 
angustifolia  Willd.  Sp.  PL  i.  1503  (1797);  Urb.  Symb.  Ant,  iv. 
424,  viii.  450  &  in  FL  Bras.  torn,  cit,  161.  T.  acuta  Spreng. 
Syst.  i.  940  (1825)  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  164  (1850).  T.  triglandulosa 
Millsp.  in  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Bot.  ii.  77  (1900).  Cistus  urticse 
folio  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  86  &  Hist.  i.  202,  t.  127,  /.  45.  (Fig.  91.) 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  4  !  Wright !  SJiakcspear !  Masson  !  Bertero ;  St.  Andrew, 
McNab  1  Lane  Distin  \  Prior  !  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  961,  1331,  Morris  ! 
Constant  Spring ;  Port  Morant ;  Hitchcock ;  Lucea,  Rothrock ;  Bog  Walk, 
Fawcettl  Annotto  Bay;  Prospect  Hill,  2000  ft.;  Tliompson\  Southfield, 
1500  ft. ;  road  between  Montego  Bay  and  Lucea ;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6485.  7073,  7923,  7950,  9236, 11,029.—  Bermuda,  Bahamas, 
West  Indies  as  far  east  and  south  as  St.  Eustatius,  Central  America  south 
to  Guiana,  Margarita,  Curacao,  introduced  in  tropics  of  Old  World. 

Younger  stem  and  branches  usually  with  adpressed  hairs.  Leaves  2-5 
cm.  br.  (sometimes  barely  exceeding  1  cm.),  sometimes  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  usually  (in  Jamaica)  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  coarsely 
and  often  irregularly  serrate,  usually  soft  to  the  touch  on  both  sides  with 
adpressed  hairs,  dense  beneath,  but  in  the  broad-leaved  form  glabrate ; 
petiole  1-2  cm.  1.  Flowers  not  forming  a  head ;  peduncle  united  to  the 
petiole.  Bracteoles  generally  leaf-like,  ovate-lanceolate  to  lanceolate- 
linear,  1-3  cm.  1.  Calyx-tube  about  1  cm.  1.  Petals  (in  Jamaican  forms) 
bright  yellow,  overtopping  the  calyx  by  one-half  its  length.  Filaments 
united  by  their  margins  to  the  base  of  the  calyx-tube.  Capsule  3-valved 
above,  7-9  mm.  in  diam.  Seeds  obovoid-oblong,  slightly  curved,  surface 
reticulate-striate,  about  2-5  mm.  L,  about  1  mm.  br.  at  broader  end. 

2.  T.  Pumilea  L.  Amcen.  v.  395,  377  (1760);  herb,  annual, 
not  more  than  6  inches  high;  leaves  1—4  cm.  1.,  generally  with- 
out glands ;  flowers  sessile  in  a  terminal  leafy  head  ;  calyx  6—7 
mm.  l.—Sw.  O'js.  116;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  164;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.  297  ;  Uib.  in  Jahrb.  Bot.  Gart.  Berl.  ii.  114  &  in  Fl.  Bras. 
.nil.  pt.  3,  135.  Chamsecistus  urticre  folio  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  87  & 
Hist.  i.  202,  t.  127,  f.  6.  Pumilea  minima  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
188.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  in  Solander's  hand. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Amongst  grass  in  savannas ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  5 !  Swartz !  Two  Mile 
Wood,  St.  Catherine,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  12,066. — Cuba,  Isle  of  Pines,  tropical 
continental  America. 

Villose  with  white  woolly  hairs.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
coarsely  serrate ;  petioles  short  or  very  >-hort ;  stipules  wanting.  Bracteoles 
linear-awl-shaped,  entire,  4-8  mm.  1.  Calyx :  tube  half  its  length.  Petals 


230  FLORA    OK   JAMAICA  Tuni- 

4-4-5  mm.  ].,  slightly  overtopping  the  calyx,  yellow.     Capsule  3-valv<  d, 
3-6  mm.  1.  about   2  mm.   1.,  obovoid-oblong,  curved,  rcticulate- 

pitted. 

3.  T.  diffusa  \VilM.  ex  Sennit.  Si/st.  m.  679  (1820);  shrubi 
to  3  ft.  high,  much  branched  ;  leaves  6-15  mm.  1.,  without  glands  ; 
il<»\\  cis  more  or  less  solitary,  towards  the  ends  of  branches,  peduncle 
very  short,  free,  or  wanting  ;  calyx  5-7  mm.  1. —  Urb.  in  Jalirb. 
Boi.  Gart.  BcrL  ii.  125,  in  FL  I?r«,«.  am.  ;,/.  3,  146,  t.  44,  & 
Si  ml.  Ant.  ir.  423  &  viii.  449.  T.  microphylla  Desv.  in  Hamilt. 
Prodr.  33  (1825).  Bohadsehia  humifusa  Pred  Reliq.  Naenl:  i>. 
98,  /.  68  (1836).  Triads  microphylla  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
297  (1860). 

Long  Mt.,  south  side,  £00  ft. ;  Yardley  Chase,  1600  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
9606,  9608,  9679.— Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Mona,  Porto  Pdco,  Vieques, 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Jan,  peninsula  of  California,  Mexico,  Brazil. 

Young  shoots  densely  puberulous.  Leaves  obovate  to  oblanceolatc, 
coarsely  toothed  or  crenate,  usually  densely  puberulous  on  both  sides, 
especially  beneath;  petioles  very  short;  stipules  minute.  Bractcoles 
oblong-linear  to  linear-awl-shaped,  2-4  mm.  1.  Calyx  :  tube  half  its  length. 
Petals  overtopping  the  calyx  by  one-third  its  length  or  less,  bright  orange- 
yellow.  Capsule  3-4  mm.  1.,  3-valved.  Seeds  curved,  l'5-2'3  mm.  1., 
reticulate-striate. 

2.  PIRIQUETA  Aubl. 

Herbs  (in  the  Jamaican  species),  shrubs  or  trees,  much  like 
Turnera,  but  usually  with  stellate  hairs  and  bristly  hairs.  Leaves 
of  various  form,  in  Jamaica  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  remotely 
serrate  or  serrate-repancl,  and  without  stipules.  Flowers  axillary, 
usually  solitary  ;  peduncles  free,  without  bracteoles  in  Jamaican 
species.  Calyx  with  a  narrow  membranous  fringed  corona  con- 
tinuous round  the  tube  at  the  base  of  the  petals.  Styles  more  c.r 
less  divided  at  the  apex,  in  P.  cistoides  divided  to  about  the 
middle.  Capsule  in  the  Jamaican  species  opening  from  the  apex 
nearly  to  the  base,  smooth. 

Species  about  30,  mostly  natives  of  Brazil,  but  also  occurring 
in  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America  extending  to  the 
southern  United  States,  South  Africa,  and  Madagascar. 

P.  Cistoides  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  298  ;  Urb.  in  JaJtrb.  Bot. 
Gart.  Berl.  ii.  73,  in  Fl.  Bias,  xiii.pt.  3,  104,  /.  35, /.  1,  &  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  422  &  viii.  449.  T.  cistoides  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  387  (1762)  ; 
Sw.  Obs.  117.  Chamsecistus  caule  hii>uto  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  87  & 
Hist.  i.  202,  t.  127,  /.  7.  Turnera  hispida  &c.  Plvm.  PL  Amer. 
(Burin.}  141,  t.  150.  Pumilea1?  subhirsuta  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
189.  (Fig.  92.)  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  6  !  cane  fields,  St.  Thomas  in  East,  Brougliton  \  Shake- 
spear  I  Masson\  St.  Andrew;  St.  Mary;  McNabl  Liguanea  plain,  600  ft., 
Campbell\  Moneague,  Lady  Blake  I  Prospect  Hill,  2000  ft.,  Tlwmpsonl 


Piriqueta 


TURNERACE.E 


231 


Liguanea  plain,  800-1000  ft.,   Harris  I   Fl.  Jam.  6230,  7961,  8273,  8940, 
10,831.— West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Annual,  1-2  ft.  high,  variable,  usually  with  reddish  stellate  and  simple 
hairs.     Leaves   3-8   cm.  1.,  oblong  to   linear-lanceolate,  without   glands, 


A 


Fig.  92. — Piriqueta  cistoides  Meyer. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  flowers  and        C,  Ditto  showing  ovary  cut  lengthwise 

fruit  X  ».  X  8. 

B,  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  4.  D,  Seed  cut  lengthwise,  with  aril,  X  10. 

remotely  serrate  or  serrate-repand.  Calyx  4-9  mm.  1. ;  tube  half  or  nearly 
half  as  long.  Petals  6-9  mm.  1.,  usually  more  or  less  overtopping  the 
calyx,  yellow.  Styles  divided  to  about  the  middle.  Capsule  smooth, 
4-7  mm.  1.  Seeds  1'4-1'S  mm.  1.,  obovoid,  reticulate-striate. 


FAMILY  LXXVIII.     PASSIFLORACE^. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  erect  or  climbing  by  tendrils,  or  rarely  trees. 
Leaves  alternate,  simple,  entire,  or  lobecl,  very  rarely  compound  ; 
petiole  usually  glandular.  Stipules  2,  thread-like,  or  large,  ovate. 
Peduncles  usually  jointed.  Bract  and  bracteoles  3,  small,  distant 
from  flower,  or  large,  foliaceous,  close  to  the  flower,  forming  an 
"  involucre."  Tendrils  axillary,  unbranched.  Flowers  axillary, 
hermaphrodite  or  rarely  unisexual,  regular,  solitary,  cymose- 
racemose  or  -paniculate.  Calyx-tube  (receptacle)  somewhat  flat, 


'2:\'J.  ri.m.'A  <>r  JAMAICA  J'nxxi  flora 


, 


saucer  like,  or  l.r'l  -liapcd,  giving  rise  in  the  centre  to  a  gonophore. 
Sepals  5,  rising  from  the  throat  of  the  n-rep  ta.de,  overlapping 
with  often  a  small  "horn"  on  the  back  near  the  apex,  usually 
•  -..loured  '»n  the  inside.  Petals  cither  wanting  or  as  many  as  the 
M  pals  and  alternate  with  them,  rising  from  the  throat  of  the 
receptacle,  free,  overlapping,  withering  while  still  attached. 
Corona  rising  from  the  throat  or  walls  of  the  receptacle,  of  one 
<>r  several  series,  cut  into  radiating  or  erect  filaments  or  mem- 
branous, rarely  wanting.  Stamens  in  West  Indian  species  5  (S). 
<  )varv  superior,  free,  stalked,  1  -celled.  Style  simple  with  3  or  4 
branches  or  usually  3  (5)  styles.  Ovules  pendulous,  usually 
indefinite,  attached  to  3  or  5  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls.  Fruit 
more  or  less  berry-like,  or  sometimes  capsular  opening  by  3  valves 
at  apex.  Seeds  numerous,  usually  ovoid,  compressed,  covered 
with  a  fleshy  aril  or  pulp  ;  endosperm  fleshy.  Embryo  rather 
large  ;  cotyledons  often  foliaceous  ;  radicle  straight. 

Species  about  340,  all  tropical  or  subtropical,  the  greatest 
number  in  S.  America. 

PASSIFLORA  L. 

Flowers  bell-shaped,  funnel-shaped,  or  saucer-like.  Calyx- 
tube  (receptacle)  generally  shorter  than  the  rest  of  the  flower. 
Corona  of  one  or  usually  of  several  series,  the  highest  of  one  or 
more  series  at  the  throat  of  the  receptacle  of  coloured  filaments 
or  membranous  ;  the  median  usually  of  one  series,  protecting  the 
nectary  at  the  base  of  the  gonophore,  generally  membranous, 
bent  inwards  or  more  or  less  erect  ;  the  basilar  of  1  or  2  series, 
usually  ring-like  ;  (see  Fig.  93,  B).  Style  one,  very  short,  or,  more 
often,  styles  3,  distinct  from  the  base.  Fruit  a  berry,  ellipsoidal 
or  globose,  dry  or  pulpy,  sometimes  opening  by  valves  at  apex. 
Seeds  with  hard  pitted  coat. 

Species  over  300,  most  of  them  American,  a  few  Asiatic 
and  Australian. 

Involucre  of  3  large  segments  (bract  and  bracteoles) 

below  the  flower. 

Segments  leafy.     Petioles  glandular. 
Segments  not  united. 
Lsaves  deeply  3-lobed,  serrate  ..................          P.  edulis. 

Leaves  entire. 

Petioles  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  glands  .........          P.  quadrangularis. 

Petioles  with  1  pair  of  glands  .................          P.  laurifolia. 

Segments  united  above  the  base,  and  longer 

than  flower.     Leaves  entire  ...................     1.  P.  maliformis. 


*  An  elongation  of  the  axis  above  the  petals  from  which  spring  both 
stamens  and  pistil. 


Pussiflora 


PASSIFLORACExE 


233 


Segments  pinnately  cut  into  glandular  filaments. 
Leaves  3-lobed,  minutely  toothed,  often 
entire ;  petioles  without  glands. 

Plant  villose  or  velvety  2.  P.  fcetida. 

Plant  glabrous  3.  P.  ciliata. 

Involucre  wanting.     Bract  and  bracteoles  small  or 

wanting,  usually  at  the  joint  of  the  peduncle. 
Petioles  with  2  glands.    Petals  wanting.    Leaves 
without  glands. 

Calyx  yellowish-green.  Leaves  entire  or  more 
or  less  3-lobed,  median  lobe  longest ; 
petiolar  glands  sessile 4.  P.  suberosa. 

Calyx  scarlet.     Petiolar  glands  stalked. 

Leaves  entire  or  with  indistinct  basal  lobes       5.  P.  lancifolia. 
Leaves  3-lobed  with  basal  lobes  half  as  long 

as  median  lobe  6.  P.rcgalis. 

Petioles  without  glands.     Petals  present. 

Receptacle  (calyx-tube)  somewhat  flat.  Flowers 
greenish-white. 

Peduncles,  each  with  one  flower. 

Leaves  without   glands  beneath,  cordate, 

with  2  triangular  lobes 7.  P.  rubra. 

Leaves  with  glands  beneath,  with  3  small 

erect  lobes,  or  apex  subtruncate    8.  P.  penduli flora. 

Peduncles,  each   with   3,  or   more,  smaller 
flowers.     Leaves  3-lobed. 

Leaves  without  glands  beneath 9.  P.  sex  flora. 

Leaves  with  glands  beneath ...  10.  P.  triflora. 

Receptacle  cup-shaped.  Flowers  reddish. 
Leaves  with  glands. 

Corona  at  the  throat  filamentose. 
Leaves  broader  than  long. 

Leaves:  base  cordate,  lateral  lobes 
spreading  horizon  tally,  usually  clasp- 
ing the  stem  with  their  rounded 
auricles 11.  P.  perfoliata. 

Leaves :  base  broadly  rounded  or  cordate, 

slightly  3-lobed  or  subtruncate 12.  P.  tacsonioides. 

Leaves  longer  than  broad,  base  obtuse  or 
rounded,  with  2  or  3  short  erect  lobes, 
sometimes  2-lobed,  with  the  lobes 

long,  lanceolate 13.  P.  oblongata. 

Corona  at  the  throat  tubular 14.  P.  Muntcuja. 

P.  edulis  Sims  Bot.  ll«<j.  t.  1989  (1818);  shrubby;  leaves 
deeply  3-lobecl,  lobes  oblong  to  elliptical,  acuminate,  serrate, 
upper  surface  glabrous,  shining  ;  petioles  with  2  sessile  glands 
below  the  apex  ;  stipules  linear-awl -shaped ;  peduncles  longer  than 
the  petioles;  segments  of  involucre  leafy,  not  united,  ovate,  serrate, 
usually  glandular ;  receptacle  (calyx-tube)  bell-shaped,  slightly 

*  This  and  the  following  two  species  are  probably  not  truly  native. 


234 


FLORA    OF   JAMA! 


Fassiflora 


:    l.nry   edible,    «•!!:]. s-iidal,   purpli.-lj.      Snbim'    Tnia*.    //or/. 
Sor.  Loin!.  ',  /.  3  ;    .Im-if.    AV/or/.    it.    .">,   /.    li'l    (T.    ri^idula)  ; 

J^N/.  ///  F/.  Bra*,  stii.  ///.  1,  GOD  ;  Britt.  /•'/.  7J<  rm.  _  1'.  in< 

nata.    j'  V>'M/.  Vi'r.  /.   IT,:!. 


D 


Fig.  93.—Passijlora  edulis  Sirns. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  Seed  x  3. 

flowers  x  |.  D,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  X  3. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  uat.  size. 

Mountain  Sweet  Cup. 

J.P.  1031,  Hart\  Newhaven  Gap,  5GOO  ft.,  Fawcettl  also  Harrisl   FL 
Jam.  11,953;  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock;    Morse's  Gap,  G.  E.  Nichols  !— 
Cultivated  or  spontaneous  in  many  warm  pacts  of  the  world,  supposed  to 
be  a  native  of  Brazil. 

A  high  climber.  Leaves  6-16  cm.  1.  Floicers  4-6  cm.  or  more  in  diam. 
Sepals  green  outside,  white  inside,  with  a  "horn"  near  the  apex.  Petals 
white,  smaller  than  the  sepals.  Corona  :  at  the  throat  of  the  receptacle, 
of  several  series,  thread-like,  the  outermost  threads  flattened,  spreading, 
shorter  than  or  as  long  as  the  petals,  whitish,  purple  at  base,  —  inside 
these  threads  there  are  very  short  threads  ;  the  median  corona  rising  from 
the  middle  of  the  receptacle  is  membranous,  divided  above  into  short 
threads  ;  basilar  corona  membranous.  Fruit  about  the  size  of  a  hen's 
egg  ;  the  pulp  is  scanty. 


Pass/flora  PASSIFLOIIACE.K  235 

P.  quadrangularis  L.  Syst.  cd.  10,  1248  (1759)  &  Ama>n. 
v.  382  ;  branches  t-angled,  the  angles  more  or  less  winged;  leaves 
entire,  1 -nerved  from  base,  ovate  to  suborbicular,  apex  abruptly 
acuminate,  base  cordate,  subcordate  or  sometimes  rounded ; 
petioles  with  6  glands ;  stipules  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate  ;  seg- 
ments of  involucre  leafy,  not  united,  much  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
each  broadly  ovate,  entire  or  serrulate  ;  fruit  edible,  ellipsoidal, 
yellowish-green,  pericarp  fleshy,  thick. — Jacq.  Scl.  Stirp.  Amer. 
231,  t.  143  it  ed.pict.  t.  218  ;  Cav.  Diss.  x.  453,  t.  283;  Sio.  Obs. 
332  ;  Soiuerly  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ii.  21,  t.  3  f.  a.  ;  Tuxsac  FL  Ant. 
iv.  29,  it.  10,' 11;  Wright  Mem.  283;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  158;  Grind, 
op.  cit.  293  ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  595  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  428  <t  viii. 
455 ;  Britt.  Fl.  Bcrm.  253.  P.  foliis  amplioribus  etc.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  327.  P.  hexangularis  Wright  in  Lond.  Med.  Jon,  n. 
viii.  pt.  3  (1787)  &L  Mem.  228.  P.  macrocarpa  Mast.  torn.  cit.  597. 
Granadilla  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  Specimen  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.  Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit. 

Granadilla. 

Cultivated  in  Jamaica  and  in  all  tropical  regions,  said  to  be  indigenous 
in  Nicaragua. 

Leaves  1-2  dm.  1.,  7-16  cm.  br. ;  stipules  2-4  cm.  1.  Peduncles  3-angled, 
shorter  than  the  petiole.  Flowers  8-10  cm.  in  diam.  Sepals  usually  with 
the  "horn"  at  the  apex  not  or  only  slightly  developed.  Corona:  at  the 
throat,  of  several  series,  the  outer  two  thread-like,  about  as  long  as  the 
petals,  the  inner  of  3-4  series  of  short  tubercules ;  above  the  middle,  of 
1  or  2  series  rising  from  the  receptacle  below  the  throat,  membranous  at 
the  base,  divided  at  the  apex  into  short  horizontal  threads ;  median,  grow- 
ing horizontally  from  the  receptacle,  denticulate  along  the  margin ;  the 
basilar  near  the  bottom  of  the  receptacle,  ring-like.  Fruit  varying  in  size 
up  to  2  dm.  L,  1'5  dm.  br. 

This  species  is  a  vigorous  climber,  and  is  best  grown  on  an  arbour ;  the 
foliage  is  dense  and  the  flowers  large  and  ornamental;  it  is  easily  propa- 
gated by  slips.  It  forms  a  tuber  of  large  size  which  can  be  eaten  like  a 
yam.  The  taste  of  the  fruit  of  this  and  other  edible  species  is  sweet  and 
subacid,  relished  particularly  by  the  sick  in  fevers.  The  thick  rind  of 
unripe  granadilla  is  often  made  into  pickles  or  preserved  with  sugar  as 
sweetmeats. 

P.  laurifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  956  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  382  ;  branches 
grooved-sbriate ;  leaves  entire,  glabrous,  1 -nerved,  elliptical,  apex 
with  a  short  acute  point,  base  rounded  ;  petioles  with  2  glands 
near  the  apex;  stipules  linear;  peduncles  solitary,  longer  than 
the  petiole;  segments  of  involucre  leafy,  not  united,  each 
elliptical  to  roundish,  margin  usually  glandular-toothed  ;  fruit- 
narrowly  ellipsoidal,  with  a  soft  shell  of  an  orange-yellow  colour. - 
Jacq.  SeL  >SV /'/•/>.  Amer.  e<L  pict.  112,  t.  219,  the  same  drawing  also 
inHort.  Vindob.  ii.  t.  162;  WrigJtt  Mem.  228;  Cav.  Diss.  x.  454, 
/.  284;  Sm.  Obs.  333;  Bot.  Beg.  i.  13;  Macf.  Jaw.  ii.  157; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  293  ;  Mast.  tom.  cit.  603  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  428 
&  viii.  456  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Bcrm.  252.  P.  foliis  ovatis  ifce.  Broicm- 


FLORA   <>r  JAMAICA  Paitiflar* 


7//.S-/.  Jam.  327.      P.  arborea  Ac.   7V///,-.  /.  211.  ./'.  3. 

indira  tVu«tu  ritriforihi  &c.  /'///>//.  Descr.  HI,  /.  sn  A-  /-•.  <>/•;./. 

10,  L'-'.'.      Sjxviiiicns  from  ,Jar<[iiiii  and    IMukciict    in   Jh-rK  Mus. 

Brit. 

IVmmc    cVOr,    Golden    A  p  p  1  c,  \V  a  t  <•  r    Lemon. 

Imiim'iU'iis  and  cultivated  in  \\Vst  Indies,  Cmiana,  I'.ra/.il. 

G-14    cm.    1.  ;    stipules    G-9    mm.    1.       i     wera    G-10    cm.    in 

diam..  pink    or  white,   with    red    blotches    and   crown    violet   with   white 

iks.      tirp.ilx  horned  below  the  apex.      I'ftal*  shorter   and  narrower 

•i  the  sepals.     Corona:  at  the  throat,  of  thread-like  divisions  in  many 

.-s,  the  outer  shorter  than  the  petals,  strap-shaped,  serrulate  at  apex; 
the  iilaments  that  come  next  are  as  long  as  the  petals,  like  the  outer  but 
entire  at  the  apex;  then  follow  very  numerous  short  tooth-like  filaments; 
the  median  membranous,  turned  inwards.  Fruit  to  7  or  8  cm.  1.,  the  size 
of  a  large  hen's  egg. 

1.  P.  maliformis  L.  Sp.  PL  956  (1753)  &  Amoen.  v.  382  : 
branches  terete  ;  leaves  entire,  3-nerved  from  base  or  from  just 
above  base,  sometimes  3-lobed,  glabrous,  ovate-  or  oblong- 
elliptical,  apex  acute,  sometimes  shortly  awned,  base  rounded  to 
subcordate  ;  petioles  with  2  (4  or  6)  glands  ;  stipules  narrowly 
lanceolate  ;  segments  of  involucre  entire,  united  above  the  base, 
ovate,  half  as  long  again  or  twice  as  long  as  the  flower  ;  receptacle 
short,  bell-shaped  ;  fruit  globose,  yellowish-green,  with  a  hard 
shell.—  JiV/V/*/  Ifrm.  228;  not.  Beg.  t,  94;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  156; 
Griseb.  op.  'clt.  293:  Mast.  tum.  eft.  594;  Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  iv.  427 
A-  vi!i.  455  ;  Britt.  FL  Benn.  253.  P.  foliis  cordatis  etc.  Browne 
Jlist.  Jam.  328.  Clematitis  inclica  latifolia  etc.  Plum.  Descr.  67, 
/.  82. 

Sweet   Cup,  Water   Lemon. 

Wright  \  Brougliton\  Waters  \  Moneague,  Priori  Hope  Gardens;  near 
Balaclava,  1200  ft.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9430.  —  Indigenous  or  cultivated  in 
Vv'est  Indies,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Brazil. 

Leaves  10-16  cm.  1.,  5-8  cm.  br.  ;  stipules  shorter  than  the  petiole. 
Peduncles  longer  than  the  petioles.  Flowers  5-G  cm.  in  diarn.  Sepals 
subkeeled  on  back,  with  a  bristle-like  "horn"  near  apex,  greenish  with 
red  spots.  Petals  shorter  and  narrower  than  sepals,  greenish-white  with 
red  spots.  Corona  :  at  the  throat,  of  two  series,  filarnentose,  the  threads 
thick,  fleshy,  reddish-violet  ribbed  with  white,  the  outer  threads  shorter 
and  reflexed,  the  inner  about  as  long  as  the  sepals,  erect  ;  then  come 
very  numerous  and  very  short  tubercle-like  threads  in  the  tube.  Fruit 
size  of  a  small  apple. 

P.  ligularis  Juss.  in  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  vi.  113,  t.  40  (1805)  is  a  native  of 
tropical  America  and  is  cultivated  in  Jamaica  under  the  name  "  Grana- 
ditta."  It  differs  from  P.  maliformis  L.  in  the  stalks  of  the  leaves  having 
six  long  strap-shaped  glands,  the  leaves  being  broader  and  deeply  cordate, 
and  the  stipules  broad  and  large  (2-5-3  cm.  1.)  ;  the  fruit  is  about  the  size 
of  an  orange  and  contains  an  agreeable  pulp.  (Bot.  Mag.  t.  2967  ;  Harris 
in  Bull.  Dept.  Agric.  Jam.  n.s.  ii.  166.) 


2.   P.  foetida  L.  £j;.  PL  959  (1753);  villose  ;  leaves  generally 
more  or  less  3-lobed   and   cordate,   rarely  lanceolate  with  very 


Passiftora  PASSIFLOKACl-LE  237 

small  lateral  lobes  near  base,  lobes  minutely  toothed  or  more  or 
less  entire,  ciliate  with  hairs  and  glands  ;  petioles  without  glands  : 
stipules  deeply  cut,  divisions  thread-like  with  gland  at  apex  ; 
segments  of  involucre  3-pinnatisect,  divisions  long  thread-like, 
ultimate  ending  in  a  gland  ;  receptacle  flattish  ;  berry  yellow. - 
Cay.  Dm.  x.  458,  t.  289  ;  Descourt.  FL  Ant.  v.  269,  /.  375  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  159:  Griseb.  op.  cit.  294;  Mast,  torn.  cit.  582;  Small 
FL  S.E.  [7.5.  809  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  425  &  vi!L  452  ;  Britt.  & 
Miihp.  Bali.  FL  287.  P.  vesicaria  Ac.  PluL  Phjt.  t.  104,  /.  1  ; 
Browne  Hi*t.  Jam.  327.  P.  vesicaria  L.  Antcen.  v.  382  (1760). 
P.  ciliata  Jacq.  Eclog.  L  122  (184-4)  (non  Ait.}1  Flos  passion  is 
folio ...  fcetido  Sloane  Cat.  104  &  Hist.  i.  229.  Specimen  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linmeus. 

Love   i  n   a  mist. 

Houstounl  BrongJitonl  Macfadycnl  Kingston,  Purdiel  Lane  I  Priori 
March  I  near  Annotto  Bay,  100  ft.,  Thompson  I  Bethlehem,  St.  Elizabeth, 
T.  J.  Harris  I  Mt.  Diablo  ;  Savoy,  Clarendon  ;  Harris  I  Green  Valley,  Blue 
Mts.,  Bot.  Dcpt.l  Fl.  Jam.  7924,  8283,  8520,  12,324;  Bog  Walk;  Porus ; 
Hitchcock;  near  Bulstrode,  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  2879! — Bahamas,  West 
Indies,  tropics  and  subtropics  of  continental  America,  tropical  Africa, 
S.E.  Asia. 

Annual  or  rarely  perennial.  Leaves  3-12  cm.  1.  Segments  of 
involucre  a  little  longer  than  the  sepals.  Flowers  white  with  the  corona 
rosy.  Sepals  2  •  5  cm.  L,  or  shorter,  greenish  outside,  oblong.  Petals  of  the 
same  form  and  size  as  the  sepals.  Corona  :  at  the  throat,  filamentose  in 
several  series,  the  outer  threads  slender,  white,  a  little  shorter  than  the 
petals,  the  inner  much  shorter,  curved ;  the  median  ring-like.  Fruit  the 
size  of  a  walnut. 

This  species  has  been  used  in  agriculture  as  a  cover  crop  (Agric. 
News  xvii.  92,  1918).  The  plant  has  a  disagreeable  smell,  but  the  ripe 
fruit  has  a  pleasant  smell  and  an  agreeable  sweet-acid  pulp. 

Var.  gossypifolia ;  stem,  petioles  and  leaves  velvety  and  soft 
to  the  touch ;    involucre  generally  shorter  than  the   llowers.- 
P.  gossypifolia  Desv.  in  Ham.  Prodr.  FL  Ind.  Occ.  48  (1825) ;  Sot. 
Eeg.  t.  1634  ;  Bot.  Mag.  L  2619  (P.fuetida  L.).     Clematitis  indica 
hirsuta  foetida  Plum.  iJescr.  71,  t.  86  ife  Ic.  orig.  ined.  iv.  t.  232. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  79  !   Waters  \  Kings  House  Grounds,  J.P.  1290,  Hart  !- 
Cuba,  tropical  and  subtropical  continental  America. 

3.  P.  eiliata  Alt.  Hort.  Kcw.  Hi.  310  (1789);  like  P.  foetida 
but  differing  in  the  following  characters :  glabrous ;  leaves, 
middle  lobe  long  and  narrow,  margin  more  or  less  denticulate 
and  glandular-ciliate  ;  segments  of  involucre  2-piiinatisect ;  flowers 
light  purplish  ;  fruit  bright  red. — Bot.  Na<j.  t.  288  ;  Griseb.  loc. 
cit.  (excl.  hab.  Bahamas) ;  Britt.  in  Torr.  Bot.  CL  Bull.  xxxv.  343. 
P.  foetida  var.  ciliata  Mast.  torn.  cit.  583.  Type  from.  Hort.  Ke\v. 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wright  \  Black  River  savanna,  Purdiel  Meylersfield,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam. 
11,816 ;  Bulstrode,  Westmoreland,  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton. 


23  FLO!; A    OF    .IA.MAI'   A 

•!.    P.    suberosa  L.  ,s>.    /V.   (.»:>s   (1753)    ,v    Amaen    r.    ;;,S2 ; 

annual  or  perennial  :  older  cortex  u^ii.diy  <--"rky,  whitish  ;  l<-av<-s 
varving  much  in  form  and  si/«-  rvni  on  the  same  plant, 

usually  inoi-c  or  less  .'J-lobed  with  the  median  lobe  the  longest, 
sometimes  entire,  glabrous  to  hirsute,  without  glands  beneath, 

aetimes  subpeltate ;  petiole  with  -  glands;  peduncles  solitary 
or  twin,  equalling  the  petioles;  receptacle  saucer  shaped  :  calyx 
greenish-yellow;  petals  wanting;  fruit  ovoid  or  subglobose,  blue 
or  purple. — Jacq.  Hort.  Vin<l>]>.  77,  t.  163  ;  Cav.  Diss.  x.  412, 
t.  2 1.»-~>  :  Nacf.  Jam.  ii.  152  ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  21)0  ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  578  ; 
Url.  Sipnl.  Ant.  ir.  424  &  viii.  451;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  809; 
r.ritt.  /•'/.  Berm.  251.  P.  lutea  L.  Sp.  PI.  958  (1753)  (only  as 
regards  syn.  Sloan,  &  hab.  Jamaica).  P.  pallida  L.  Sp.  PL  9  •'».'> 
(1753);  Descourt.  FL  Ant.  vii.  33,  L  460;  Bet.  Be</.  t.  660; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  291  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  288.  P.  suberosa 
v.  pallida  Matt.  torn.  cit.  579.  P.  hirsuta  L.  Sp.  PL  958  (1753) ; 
Griseb.  loc.  cit.  P.  suberosa  v.  hirsuta  Mast.  loc.  cit.  P.  villosa 

•  '•f.  Jam.  ii.  150  (1850);  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  P.  parviflora  Sw. 
Pro'dr.  97  (1788).  P.  minima  L.  Sp.  PL  959  (1753);  Jacq.  op. 
fit.  t.  20  ;  Sw.  Obs.  338 ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  290.  L.  suberosa  v. 
minima  Mast.  loc.  cit.  P.  angustifolia  Sw.  Prodr.  97  (1788)  & 
FL  Lid.  Occ.  1133;  Bot.  'Reg.  t.  188;  Bot.  3Luj.  L  1983;  Griseb. 
op.  cit.  291.  P.  suberosa  v.  angustifolia  3Li.--t.  loc.  cit.  P.  foliis 
nitidis  t'vrc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  328.  P.  longifolia  Lam.  Encyc.  Hi 
40  (1789) ;  Cav.  Dtss.  x.  446,  t.  270.  P.  heterophylla  Jacq.  Hort. 
Sclioenbr.  28,  t.  181  (1797)  (non  Lam.}.  P.  hederacea  Cav.  Diss.  x. 
448  (1790) ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  P.  suberosa  v.  hederacea  Mast.  loc.  cit. 
P.  lineariloba  Hook.  f.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xx.  222  (1847)  ; 
Griseb.  loc.  cit.  P.  peltata  Cav.  Diss.  x.  447,  t.  274  (1790); 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  152.  Clematitis  .  . .  hederaceo  &c.  Plum.  Descr.  70, 
t.  84  &  Ic.  oricj.  ined.  iv.  231  (in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.).  C... 
angusto  &c.  Plum.  Descr.  70,  t.  85.  C . . .  minimo  &c.  Plum. 
Descr.  73,  t,  88.  C. . . .  pallido  itc.  Plum.  Descr.  74,  t.  89.  Flos 
passionis  minor  folio ...  prof  undius  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  104  & 
.HV.sf.  i.  230.  Flos  passionis  minor  folio .  . .  minus  vtc.  Sloane 
Cat.  104  &  Hist.  i.  231.  Specimens  in  Herb.  Linn,  named 
respectively  P.  suberosa  &  P.  minima  by  Linnseus,  also  one  from 
Browne  named  P.  polymorplia  in  hand  of  an  amanuensis. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  83,  84!  Wright  I  Swartz ;  Bancroft;  Macfadyenl 
Distin  I  McNabl  Yallahs  valley;  Brockenhurst ;  Purdiel  Lane;  Wull- 
schlaegel;  OchoR-ios;  Moneague;  Priori  March;  Liguanea plain, CampbelH 
Lime  (Jay,  Faivcett !  Port  Antonio  ;  Porus ;  Lucea  ;  Hitchcock  ;  Bethlehem, 
St.  Elizabeth,  T.  J.  Harris  !  Port  Royal  Mts.  and  Blue  Mts.  2000-3800  ft. ; 
Inverness,  Clarendon,  300  ft. ;  Hope  Gardens ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  5920, 
6232,  6649,  6377,  12,747.— Bermuda,  Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  West 
Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Flowers  l'5-3  cm.  in  diam.  Corona  at  throat,  of  several  filamentose 
series,  the  outermost  threads  spreading,  half  as  long  as  the  sepals,  then 


Passiflora  PASSIFLOKACE.K  239 

shorter  threads,  the  innermost  being  hair-like ;  the  median  membranous, 
plicate,  fringed  at  apex.     Berry  '6-2  cm.  1. 

P.  coriacea  Juss.  has  been  reported  both  by  Grisebach  and  Masters  as 
collected  in  Jamaica  by  Purdie.  His  ticket  states  that  he  found  it  in 
"woods  above  Maencha,  May,  1844."  But  Purdie  left  Jamaica  in 
April,  1844,  and  arrived  in  Santa  Marta  on  4th  May,  so  that  the  habitat  is 
in  Colombia.  Masters  made  the  same  mistake  with  reference  to  a  specimen 
of  P.  biflora  Lam.  (P.  lunata  Sm.)  collected  by  Purdie  in  the  same  place. 
Neither  of  these  species  has  been  found  in  Jamaica. 

Macfadyen  (ii.  152)  cites  P.  lutea  as  a  doubtful  native  of  Jamaica;  it  is 
a  N.  American  species,  not  known  in  Jamaica. 

5.  P.  laneifolia  Desv.  in  Ham.  Prodr.  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  48  (1825) ; 
pubescent ;  stem  angled  ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  entire  or  with 
basal    lobes    short    or   just    indicated,  apex  acute,  mucronulate, 
pubescent  beneath  or  glabrescent,  papery  or  somewhat  leathery; 
petioles  pubescent,  with  2  stalked  glands  about  1  mm.  from  leaf ; 
stipules    linear-awl-shaped,    7— 10    mm.    1.  ;    peduncles    generally 
twin,  slender,  much  longer   than    the    petiole ;    flowers  scarlet ; 
sepals  lanceolate-linear  ;  petals  wanting  ;  filaments  long,  flattened- 
linear ;  berry  globose,  black. — Mast.  torn.  cit.  558. 

Liguanea  plain,  Broughton  \  Macfadyen !  Purdie  !  St.  David,  Wilson  I 
between  Newcastle  and  Greenwich,  J.P.  1440,  Hart !  Silver  Hill,  350J  ft., 
Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6536. 

Leaves  5-l'5  cm.  1.,  2-5  cm.  br.  at  base;  petiole  1-2  cm.  1.  Peduncles 
2-5  cm.  1.  Corona :  below  the  throat,  in  thread-like  divisions  much 
shorter  than  the  sepals,  decurrent ;  median  membranous,  fringed  above, 
bent  inwards,  decurrent  in  whitish  raised  lines  to  near  the  base  of  the 
receptacle.  Berry  about  1  cm.  in  diam. 

6.  P.  regalis  J\Iacf.  Jam.  ii.   151    (1850);    pubescent;    stem 
angled ;    leaves     3-lobed,    median    lobe    elliptical-oblong,    lateral 
lobes  elliptical,  half  as  long  as  median,  apex  rounded  or  retuse, 
very   shortly    mucronulate,    pubescent    beneath,    glabrescent    on 
upper  surface,  papery  ;  petioles  more  or  less  pubescent,  with  '2 
shortly  stalked  glands  at  a  distance  of   2-3  •  5  mm.   from  leaf  ; 
stipules  linear-awl-shaped,  about  5  mm.  1.  ;   peduncles  generally 
twin,  slender,   much    longer    than   ihe  petiole ;   flowers   scarlet ; 
calyx-tube    (receptacle)    wider    at    base ;    sepals    linear ;    petals 
wanting ;  filaments  long,  flattened-linear ;    berry  not   known. — 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  292. 

Between  Lucky  Valley  and  Drummond  Castle,  Port  Royal  Mts., 
Macfadyen ! 

Leaves  3-3 -5  cm.  1.;  petiole  5-12  mm.  1.  Peduncles  to  2  cm.  1. 
Corona :  at  the  throat,  of  thread-like  divisions  very  much  shorter  than 
calyx  ;  median  very  short,  near  the  base  or  the  tube,  membranous,  fringed ; 
basal  a  narrow  ridge. 

7.  P.  rubra  L.  Sp.  PL  956  (1753) ;  pubescent;  leaves  cordate 
or  subcordate,  2-lobed,  sometimes  with  a  third  small  lobe  at  apex, 
lobes  triangular,  spreading  upwards  with  a  broad  bay  between, 


240  FLORA    OF   JAM  AH 'A 

without  glands,  membranous ;  petioles  without  glands;  stipules 
liristlc-likc,  minute:  peduncles  solitary  or  twin,  each  with  one 
greenish-white  ilouvr  ;  receptacle  saucer-shaped  ;  petals  about 
halt'  as  long  as  sepals;  fruit  ellipsoidal,  reddish,  hispid. — Jacq. 
If..  U,u:  i.  t.  186;  Cav.  D/x*.  x.  445,  /.  2I1S  ;  Sio.  Obs.  336 
/;«/.  /.  I'."):  Crixcb.  <>]>.  cit.  292;  Mast.  turn.  clt.  5S<J  ;  Z7/&. 
J///.  />.  126  &  «///.  403;  Britt.  <r  MiUxp.  #«/<.  7<Y.  28*.  P.  foliis 
tenuioribus  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  32*.  P.  erubescens  Macf. 
Jain.  ii.  15 1  (1850).  Clematitis  indica  flore  clavato  etc.  Plum. 
Descr.  68,  £.  83  *t  Jc.  onV/.  mt'd  /.  230.  Flos  passionis  folii  media 
etc.  Shane  Cat.  104  &  Hist.  i.  229.  Specimen  from  Browne  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus  and  identified  with  Br.  Hist.  328, 
no.  12.  Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb.  Alus.  Brit. 

Bull  Hoof,  Dutchman's  Laudanum. 

Rio  Cobro ;  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega ;  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  80,  81 !  Browne  ! 
Bronghtonl  Bancroft  I  Distinl  St.  Mary,  Purdiel  Moneague,  Priori 
March !  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  \  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1072,  Hart !  near 
Castleton,  400  ft.,  Thompson  \  bog  Walk;  Blue  Mts. ;  Port  Antonio; 
Lucea;  Porus  ;  Hitchcock;  Mount  Diablo,  Harris]  Fl.  Jam.  7981. — 
Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Leaves  2-10  cm.  1.  along  the  midrib,  4-10  cm.  br.  between  the  apex  of 
the  lobes,  3-nerved.  Flowers  3-4  cm.  in  diam.  Calyx  about  2  cm.  1. 
Corona  :  at  the  throat,  cut  nearly  to  the  base  into  reddish  strap-like 
divisions,  as  long  as  the  petals;  within  this  is  a  very  short  series,  mem- 
branous at  the  base,  more  or  less  filamentose  above.  Berry  about  2'5  cm.  1., 
marked  with  6  longitudinal  lines,  resembling  in  size  and  appearance  the 
common  red  English  gooseberry  (Macfadyen). 

P.  capsularis  L.  appears  to  be  similar,  but  the  fruit  has  an  acuminate 
apex  as  figured  in  Plum.  Amer.  (Burm.)  t.  138,  f.  2. 

8.  P.  penduliflora  Bertero  ex  DC.  Prodr.  in.  326  (1828); 
glabrous ;  stem  angled ;  leaves  somewhat  leathery ;  irregularly 
semi-elliptical,  broader  at  the  apex  ;  shallowly  3-lobed  at  apex 
only,  glands  in  two  rows  beneath,  two  large  ones  at  base,  base 
obtuse  or  rounded  ;  petioles  without  glands,  •  5-2  cm.  1. ;  peduncles 
longer  than  the  leaf,  pendulous,  solitary  or  twin,  each  with  one 
greenish-yellow  bell-shaped  flower ;  calyx-tube  longitudinally 
lobed  ;  gonophore  longer  than  petals ;  fruit  purple,  globular- 
ellipsoidal. — Macf.  Jam.  ii.  155  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4565  ;  Griseb.  op 
cit.  294 ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  554.  P  lutea  L.  Amcun.  v.  382  (non 
Sp.  PL  958).  P.  rotundifolia  L  Herb.  ;  Sw.  Obs.  337  (non  L.  Sp. 
PL  957).  P.  foliis  trinerviis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  328.  Speci- 
men in  Herb.  Linn,  from  Browne  named  in  Solander's  hand 
P.  rotundifolia. 

Browne  !  Wright  \  Macfadyen  \  Distin !  St.  Mary,  McNab  !  also  Purdie  \ 
Wilson !  Phoenix  Park,  Moneague,  Prior!  J.P.  956,  1262,  Morris !  near 
Troy,  2000  ft.;  Peters  Vale,  Westmoreland,  700  ft.;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam. 
9414,  9U41. 

Leaves  2- 5-6' 5  cm.  1.  along  midrib,  2-7  cm.  br.  at  the  apex  of  the  lobes. 
Peduncles  7-14  cm.  1.  Flowers  2-3 '5  cm.l.  Corona:  at  the  throat,  of  one 


Passiflora  PASSIFLOKACE^E  241 

series  filamentose,  the  threads  broader  at  apex,  half  as  long  as  the  petals, 
of  a  deep  orange  colour,  median  wanting.  Berry  2-2 '5  cm.  1. 

A  favourite  withe  for  tying  fences. 

P.  rotundifolia  L.  82).  PI.  957  and  P.  Swartzii  Mast.  torn.  tit.  556  are 
allied  species.  P.  rotundifolia  has  leaves  pubescent  beneath,  and  peduncles 
short  and  not  pendulous.  It  is  a  native  of  Guadeloupe  and  islands  further 
south  and  of  northern  S.  America.  P.  Swartzii  differs  in  the  leaves  being 
broader  than  long,  glabrous,  mostly  2-lobed,  the  peduncles  much  shorter 
and  not  pendulous,  the  calyx-tube  subglobose,  sepals  and  petals  white, 
narrower.  It  is  a  native  of  Dominica. 

9.  P.  sexflora  Jnss.  in  Ann.  Mus.  Par.  vi.  110,  t.  37,  f.  1  (1805) ; 
puberulous  and  soft  to  the  touch;  leaves  subcordate,  3-nerved, 
3— 2-lobed,  lateral  lobes  triangular,  spreading,  the  middle  smaller 
or  very  much  reduced,  without  glands ;  petiole  without  glands ; 
peduncles  twin,  each  with  3  or  more  flowers ;  receptacle  saucer- 
shaped  ;  berry  globose,  densely  puberulous,  purple. — Macf.  Jam. 
ii.  148  ;  Griseb.  op.  dt.  292  ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  548.     P.  triflora  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  149  (1850).     P.  foliis  trilobis  medio   &c.  Browne   Hist. 
Jam.  328? 

jfacfadyen !  St.  Mary,  Purdie !  Wullschlaegel ;  Moneague,  Prior ! 
Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  J.P.  669,  1171 ;  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  969; 
Hart !  Cinchona,  Fawcett !  Blue  Mts.,  Hitchcock ;  Moneague,  Lady  Blake  ! 
Whitfield  Hall,  3000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7707. 

Leaves  variable  in  size  and  form,  measuring  2-8  cm.  along  the  midrib, 
and  5-14  cm.  from  tip  bo  tip  of  lateral  lobes.  Floivers  l'5-2  cm.  in  diam. 
Corona  :  at  the  throat,  outer  filaments  variegated-purple,  as  long  as  the 
petals,  the  inner  much  shorter,  erect,  the  median  cup-shaped,  with  the 
margin  bent  inwards.  Berry  6-8  mm.  in  diam. 

10.  P.  triflora  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  149  (1850);  stem   pubescent, 
compressed;    leaves    glabrescent,    3-lobed,    lateral    lobes    acute, 
diverging,  median  lobe  indistinct,  base  subcordate,  with  glands 
beneath ;    petioles   without   glands ;    peduncles  twin,   each  with 
3  flowers  ;  sepals  longer  than  the  white  petals  ;  corona  in  3  series  ; 
outer  threads  purple  tipped  with  white. — Griseb.  op.  cit.  293. 

"Between  Bath  and  Maroon  Town,  Portland,"  Macfadyen. 

Leaves  7-8  cm.  1.  along  the  midrib,  about  14  cm.  br.  Bracteoles  small, 
awl-shaped,  sometimes  3-cleft.  Sepals  greenish.  Petals  like  the  sepals, 
but  shorter  and  narrower. 

We  have  not  seen  any  specimen  of  this  species. 

11.  P.  perfoliata  L.  Sp.  PL  956  (1753);   leaves  somewhat 
leathery,  2-lobed  with  a  much  reduced  lobe  at  apex  (sometimes 
wanting),  cordate  at  base  with  the  rounded  auricles  clasping  the 
stem,  lateral  lobes  diverging,  oblong,  glabrous,  glandular  beneath  ; 
petiole    very  short   without    glands ;    peduncle    solitary,   shorter 
than  transverse  diameter  of  leaf  ;   bracteoles  thread-like  ;  flowers 
tubular-campanulate,  crimson   to   reddish-purple ;    sepals    linear, 
acuminate  ;  petals  longer  and  broader  than  sepals,  oblong-lanceo- 
late ;    berry  globose,  fleshy,  bluish. — Siv.  Obs.  334  ;  Bot.  Beg.  t. 

v.  R 


FLORA    OF    .1  AM  AH  'A  P<i»x(tl»r,i 


78;  Md<-f.  Jam.  ii.  lf>;>  :  (lri*tl>.  nj>.  ,-it.  2!>~>  :  Mn*t.  //<///.  /•//.  .V>7. 
P.  foliis  trilobis,  cruribus  oblongis  obtusis  interim-din  I'm-  nbsoletn 
et  set  u  In,  terminato  Browne  IH*f.  J<im.  .">28.  P.  divarieata 
L.  Mtnit.  491  (1771).  Klos  passionis  perfoliatus  &c.  Sloanr  (Jot. 
104  ^  ///*/.  I.  230,  /.  142,  /.  3,  4.  Specimen  from  I'.rowne  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus,  and  identified  with  J5r. 
Hist.  328,  no.  10. 


Sloane  Herb.  iv.  82  !  Honnfoinil  .Hrowncl  Writ/Jit  I  Broughtonl 
Waters  !  Macfadijcn  !  near  Cocoa  Walk,  St.  David  ;  near  Carlton,  St.  Mary  ; 
.\fcNabl  Port  Royal  Mts.,  l'unlic\  Blue  Mts.  ;  Liguanea  hills;  Hope 
Estate;  Prior!  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  I  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1311; 
Mavis  Bank,  J.P.  2128;  Hart  I  Mavis  Bank,  Fawccttl  Rock  Fort,  Catnj>- 
bell\  Windward  road,  near  Kingston;  between  Malvern  and  Mountain 
Side,  1200  ft.  ;  Harris]  Fl.  Jam.  6291,  9516,  9918;  Halberstadt,  Norman  \ 

Leaves  :  lobes  to  6  cm.  1.,  to  3*5  cm.  br.,  3-nerved.  Flowers  3-4  cm.  1. 
Corona  :  at  the  throat,  of  strap-shaped  fleshy  threads  bending  inwards,  the 
inner  membranous,  divided  at  apex.  Berry  1*5-2  cm.  in  diam. 

"Var.  normalis  var.  nov.  ;  leaves  with  oblong  to  linear-oblong 
lobes,  to  8'5  cm.  1.,  1  cm.  br.,  base  cordate  to  retuse  or  rounded, 
auricles  not  overlapping  each  other.  —  P.  foliis  trilobis  cruribus 
angustis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  328.  P.  normalis  L.  Syst.  ed.  10, 
1248  (1759);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  149;  Urb.  Sijnib.  Ant.  vi.  109. 
P.  perfoliata  Jacq.  Hort.  Schoenbr.  ii.  28,  t.  182  (non  L.).  Speci- 
men (type)  from  Browne  named  by  Linnseus,  and  identified  with 
Br.  Hist.  328,  no.  11. 

Houstoun  (Herb.  Sloane  iv.  84*)  !  Brou-ncl    Wright  I 

12.  P.  taesonioides    Grlseb.   FL  Br.    W.  Lid.   295    (1860)  ; 
glabrous  ;    stem,    bark,   and   flower-structure  of   P.    oblongata  ; 
leaves    broader    than    long,     subtruncate    or    slightly    3-lobed, 
3-mucronulate,   base  broadly  rounded   or   truncate,  with  glands 
beneath  ;  petioles  1  •  6—1  •  2  cm.  L,  without  glands  ;  peduncles  jointed 
about  the  middle,  twin  or  solitary,  twice  as  long  as  the  petiole. 

Huntley,  Manchester,  Wullsclilaegel. 

Leaves  4-2  '5  cm.  1.  along  the  midrib,  5-7*5  cm.  br.      Peduncles  2*5-3 
cm.  1.     Sepals  2*5-3  cm.  1.     Petals  1*6  cm.  1. 
We  have  seen  no  specimens. 

13.  P.  oblongata  Sw.  Prodr.  97  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ltd.  Ore.  1135; 
glabrous  ;  stem  shrubby,  cortex  of  older  stems  corky  with  longi- 
tudinal furrows  ;    leaves  3-nerved,  longer  than  broad,  oblong  to 
elliptical,  with   2   or  3   short    erect  lobes   at    apex,  lobes  acute, 
rnucronulate,    base    rounded    or    obtuse,    with    glands    beneath, 
leathery,  lateral  lobes  sometimes  long  and  acuminate  (P.  lyraefolia 
Tussac),  the  leaves  on  the  flowering  branches  much  reduced  in 
size  ;  petioles  2  cm.  1.  and  more,  without  glands  ;  stipules  rigid, 
linear-awl-shaped  ;  flowering  branch  axillary,  sometimes  growing 
from  old  wood,  like  a  leafy  raceme,  with  numerous  flowers,  some- 


Passiflora  PASSIFLORACE.-E  243 

times  crowded  ;  peduncles  2  in  each  axil,  1*  7-2*1  cm.  1.,  jointed 
below  the  middle ;  flowers  long,  bell-shaped,  crimson ;  sepals 
linear-oblong  ;  petals  linear,  smaller  than  the  sepals  ;  fruit  globose- 
ellipsoidal. — Griseb.  op.  cit.  295  (incl.  var.) ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  557. 
P.  oblonga  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  326;  Macf.  Jam.  it.  156.  P.  lyraefolia 
Tussac  Fl  Ant.  i.  70,  t.  4  (1808). 

Wriglit !  Bronghton !  Dancer !  mts.  St.  George,  Tussac ;  Bancroft ! 
McNab ;  woods  near  Mandeville ;  St.  Ann  ;  Purdie  \  Moneague,  Prior  I 
March;  Jenmanl  Cedar  Valley,  J.P.  1239,  Morris !  Portland, iFawccttl 
Lacovia,  Tomlinsonl  St.  George,  2400  it.,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  57^3 ;  Bath, 
Norman ! 

Leaves  on  stems  6-18  cm.  1.,  those  on  flowering  branches  1-2-5  cm.  1. 
Calyx-tube  about  1  cm.  1.  Sepals  2 -3-2 -4  cm.  1.  Petals  1- 7-2  cm.  1. 
Corona:  at  the  throat  filamentose,  threads  2-5  mm.  1.;  median  mem- 
branous, bent  downwards,  5-6  mm.  1.  reaching  to  base  of  gonophore. 
Gonophore  about  2  cm.  1.  in  fl.,  about  3  cm.  in  fruit.  Berry  1-8-3  cm.  1. 

14.  P.  Murueuja  L.  Sp.  PL  957  (1753) ;  leaves  membranous, 
3(5)-nerved,  2-lobed,  base  obtuse  or  truncate,  lobes  oblong, 
diverging,  glabrous,  glandular  beneath ;  petiole  short,  without 
glands ;  peduncles  twin  or  solitary,  2  or  3  times  as  long  as  the 
petiole  ;  bracteoles  thread-like ;  flowers  crimson  ;  petals  shorter 
and  narrower  than  the  sepals ;  receptacle  divided  at  the  base  by 
10  parallel  partitions  into  as  many  cells;  fruit  ellipsoidal. — Cav. 
Diss.  x.  456,  t.  287  ;  Sw.  Obs.  336 ;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  574 ;  Descourt. 
Fl.  Ant.  i.  265,  t.  62 ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  295 ;  Mast.  torn.  cit.  557  ; 
Urb.  Sifinb.  Ant.  mil.  454.  Murucuia  ocellata  Pers.  Syn.  ii.  222 
(1806)';  Tussac  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  24,  t.  7;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  160(excl. 
syn.  Browne}.  Clematitis  Indica  flore  puniceo  &c.  Plum.  Descr. 
72,  t.  87.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.  Speci- 
mens from  Swartz  collected  in  Hispaniola  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Tussac;  Bancroft  (fide  Grisebach) ;  rare,  east  end,  Macfady&n. — Cuba 
(fide  Grisebach),  Hispaniola. 

Leaves  variable  in  size,  length  of  midrib  8-16  mm.  L,  breadth  between 
apex  of  lobes  3-5  cm.  Calyx-tube  4-6  mm.  L,  lobes  2-5-3  cm.  1.  Corona : 
tubular,  entire,  nearly  half  as  long  as  calyx.  Gonophore  exserted.  Berry 
1-5-2-5  cm.  1. 

Flos  passionis  major  pentaphyllus  Sloane  Cat.  104  &  Hist.  i.  229  with 
the  specimen  in  Herb.  SI.  iv.  78,  is  not  a  species  of  Passiflora,  but  is 
Cionosicys  pomiformis  Griseb.  (Cucurbitacete). 

Passiflora  foliis  quinquelobis  profunde  divisis,  lobis  oblongis  Broirnc 
Hist.  Jam.  328  is  identified  by  Browne  with  P.  co2rulea  L.,  and  he  speaks 
of  it  as  a  "  native  of  the  cooler  woods."  P.  ccerulea  is  not  a  native  and  is 
not  cultivated,  so  far  as  we  know,  in  Jamaica.  Browne's  plant  is 
probably  also  Cionosicys  pomiformis. 

• 
FAMILY  LXXIX.     CARICACE^E  (PAPAYACE^E). 

Trees  or  shrubs,  erect,  trunk  usually  unbranched,  thick, 
spongy,  with  a  terminal  crown  of  leaves,  with  milky  juice. 
Leaves  alternate,  petiolate,  subpeltately  palmate  or  digitately 

R  2 


L'44  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 

r>— 12-foliolate.    Stipules  wanting,    [nflorescence  axillary.    Flowers 

while,  yello\v.  or  green  i.-h,  unisexual,  or  a  few  in  the  inflorescence 
hermaphrodite.  IVrianth  of  male  and  female  unlike.  Male 
flowers  in  a  «-vmose  racemose  panicle  :  calyx  very  small,  •">-!< >bei I. 
Corolla  with  a  Ionic  slender  tube  and  a  flat  limb;  lobes  valvate 
or  twisted  in  bud.  Stamens  10,  inserted  in  the  corolla-tube; 
anther-cells  opening  inwards,  with  the  connective  often  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Female  flowers  solitary,  or  crowded  in  a  t'ew- 
floweredAcymose  panicle  :  calyx  as  in  the  male  flower.  Petals  5, 
soon  falling.  Staminodes  wanting.  Ovary  free,  sessile,  1-celled, 
or  with  false  divisions  5-celled ;  style  wanting  or  short,  with 
3-5  stigmas,  dilated  or  linear,  simple  or  lobed  ;  ovules  indefinite, 
rarely  few,  attached  to  5  placentas.  Berry  fleshy,  furrowed  or 
angular,  with  indefinite  seeds. 

Species  40,  native  of  tropical  America. 

CARICA  L. 

Leaves  spreading,  subpeltately  palmate,  sometimes  digitately 
7-9-foliolate,  rarely  oblong.  Racemes  often  with  long  peduncles. 
Corolla-lobes  of  male  flower  oblong  or  linear.  Stamens  10, 
inserted  in  the  throat  of  the  corolla,  5  alternating  with  the  lobes 
of  the  corolla  with  short  filaments,  5  opposite  the  lobes,  sessile ; 
anthers  adnate  to  the  filament.  Rudiment  of  the  ovary  awl- 
shaped.  Petals  of  the  female  flower  linear-oblong.  Style 
wanting  or  very  short ;  stigmas  5,  dilated  or  linear,  simple  or 
lobed.  Berry  pulpy  within,  not  opening. 

Species  35,  natives  of  tropical  America. 

1.  C.  Papaya  L.  Sp.  PL  1036  (1753)  &  Amoen.  v.  383;  Sw. 
Obs.  378  ;  Wright  Mem.  305  ;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  459  ;  Bot.  Nag.  it. 
2898,  2899  ;  Lunan  Hort.  Jam.  it.  36  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind. 
290;  Solms-Laubach  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  3,  188,  t.  49;  Koeliler 
Ned.  Pflanz.  33,  34,  it.  1,  2  ;  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Pr.  Ind.;  Engl.  & 
Prantl  Pflanzenfam.  Hi.  6  a,  95-98,^.  33-36;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
iv.  428  &  viii.  456  ;  Agric.  News  xix.  246 ;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  250  ; 
Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl.  289.  C.  fronde  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
360.  Papaya  major  flore  et  fructu  minoribus  etc.  Sloane  Cat. 
203  it  Hist.  ii.  166.  P.  major  flore  et  fructu  majoribus  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  202  &  Hist.  ii.  164.  Papaya  Hughes,  Barbados,  181, 
it.  14,  15  ;  Trew  PL  Select,  t.  7.  P.  sativa  Tassac  Fl.  Ant.  Hi.  45, 
tt.  10,  11  (1824);  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant,  i.  215,  ft,  47,  48.  Papaw 
Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined,  ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined. 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus.  (Fig.  94.) 

Papaw  Tree. 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  back  of  88  !  Houstoun  !  Distin !  Moneague,  Prior  ! — 


Carica 


CARICACE-E 


245 


D 


Fig.  94. — Carica  Papaya  L. 

A,  Female  tree,  much  reduced.  F,  Young  fruit  cut  open,  showing  seeds. 

B,  Diagram  of  hermaphrodite  flower  ;  s,  G,  Seed  cut    lengthwise  ;    e,  endosperm  ; 

sepal ;  p,  petal  ;  st,  stamen  ;  o,  ovary.  enlarged. 

C,  Male  flower  cut  open,  enlarged. 

D,  Hermaphrodite  flower    cut  open,   en-  (A,   B,   F  after  Fl.  Bras.  :  C,  D,  E  after 

larged.  Koehler  Med.  Pflanz.  ;  G  after  Engler 

E,  Female  flower,  somewhat  enlarged.  &  Prantl  Ptlanzenfamilieu.) 


L'4ii  i  I.OI;A  <>r  JAM  AH  A 

Cultivated  and  subspontaneous  in  S.  Florida,  I'.ahamas,  and  West  ludics. 
Native  country  unknown,  cultivated  throughout  the  tropics. 

7Y<v,  ('.  -20  ft.  high;  trunk  hollow,  soft,  4-24  inches  in  diam.,  marked 
with  the  scars  of  the  fallen  leaves ;  dioecious  or  polygamous.  Leaves 
lV-3-f)  dm.  1.,  deeply  cut  into  5-7  segments;  segments  usually  more  or 
It1^  lobed ;  petiole  very  long.  Inflorescence  :  male  and  polygamous  pen- 
dulous, with  long  peduncle,  cymose-paniculate,  panicle  more  or  less  ample  ; 
female  very  short,  generally  cymose-3-flowercd.  Flowers :  corolla  twisted 
in  bud;  male2-3'5cm.  1.,  elongatc-tubulose,  yellowish,  odorous;  female 
4-5  cm.  1.,  with  corolla  cut  almost  to  base.  Ovary  1-celled ;  stigma 
5-rayi-d,  each  ray  with  several  flattened  lobes.  Fruit  shortly  stalked, 
pendulous,  varying  in  colour  when  ripe,  from  green  or  yellow  with  or 
without  red  markings,  to  purple;  form  ovoid,  roundish,  pear-shaped,  or 
ellipsoidal;  varying  in  size  from  a  few  ounces  to  25  pounds  weight;  flesh 
a  shade  of  yellow,  sometimes  reddish ;  cavity  ample  or  small,  with  many 
seeds,  or  few,  or  none.  Seeds  ellipsoidal,  rough,  angular,  G-7  mm.  1., 
enclosed  in  a  membranous  aril  and  in  pulp. 

The  juice  of  the  papaw  fruit  and  leaves  contains  an  enzyme  (papain) 
which  has  an  energetic  digestive  action  on  proteins,  and  like  pepsin  curdles 
milk.  Papain  is  a  commercial  product  and  is  used  medicinally.  In  the 
tropics,  in  order  to  make  meat  tender,  it  is  washed  in  water  containing 
some  of  the  papaw  juice,  or  it  is  wyrapped  in  the  leaves  of  the  papaw  for  a 
few  hours.  The  fruit  varies  very  greatly  in  size  and  quality,  sometimes 
it  is  large  and  sweet,  sometimes  coarse  and  hardly  edible.  The  better 
qualities  are  wholesome  and  are  eaten  with  sugar  and  lime  juice,  or 
with  pepper  and  salt.  (See  G.  Watt's  Commercial  Products  of  India, 
269,  270.) 

-.  C.  jamaicensis  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  20.  C.  sylvestris 
minor,  lobis  minus  divisis,  caule  spinis  inermibus  opposite 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  360.  C.  posoposa  L.  Amain,  v.  383  &  Sp. 
PL  ed.  2,  1466  (1763)  (only  with  reference  to  syn.  Browne) 
(non  L.  $/;.  PL  1036).  C.  prosoposa  (sic)  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  ii.  38 
(1814)?  Griseh.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind,  290?  Papaya  minor,  flore 
et  fructu  minoribus,  pediculis  curtis  (fern.)  et  longis  (niasc.) 
insidentibus  Sloane  Cat.  203  &  Hist.  ii.  166.  Wild  Papaw 
A.  Robinson  Ic. 

Wild  Papaw. 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  89 !  Schwallenburg,  St.  Ann  ;  Glasgow,  near  Troy, 
1^)00  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7020,  10,673. 

Tree  to  15  ft.  high,  but  also  said  to  flower  and  fruit  when  4  or  5  ft. 
high.  Leaves  of  female  plant  to  6  dm.  L,  with  a  deep  bay  at  base,  with 
7  lobes  palmately  cut  to  two-thirds  or  more  of  their  length,  lobes  shortly 
acuminate,  the  lower  2  entire,  the  rest  with  5-7  lobes  pinnately  cut  to 
three-fourths  of  their  length;  of  male  plant  the  leaves  1-2 '5  dm.  L,  the 
terminal  lobe  with  5  lobules  not  deeply  cut,  the  rest  entire,  or  with  only 
one  OL-  two  short  lobules.  Male  inflorescence  like  that  of  C.  Papaya,  also 
the  flowers  though  somewhat  smaller.  Female  fruiting  inflorescence : 
peduncle  to  5  mm.  1.,  bearing  1  to  6  fruits  closely  crowded;  pedicels 
almost  none  or  to  5  mm.  1.  Fruit  globulose  or  ovate-globose,  apiculate 
or  shortly  acuminate,  on  specimen  2-3  cm.  L,  2  cm.  thick,  1-celled,  filled 
with  the  seeds;  placentas  (as  in  C.  Papaya}. 

A.  Robinson  in  Ic.  hied,  figures  the  female  flower  of  "  Wild  Papaw" 
about  4  cm.  1.,  the  pistil  about  3  cm.  1.,  stigmas  with  3-5  small  lobes; 
fruit  5-7  cm.  1. 


Mcntedia  LOASACEJ-;  247 


FAMILY  LXXX.     LOASACE^E. 

Herbs,  rarely  shrubs  or  trees,  erect  or  twining,  branching  in 
a  forked  manner,  generally  with  barbed  hairs,  barbs  in  whorls, 
sometimes  stinging.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate,  entire,  lobed, 
pinnately  cut,  or  2-3-pinnatifid.  Stipules  wanting.  Flowers 
regular,  hermaphrodite,  solitary,  or  generally  cymose ;  peduncles 
often  opposite  the  leaves.  Calyx  :  lobes  5  (4-7),  slightly  over- 
lapping or  generally  open,  persistent.  Petals  equal  in  number 
to  sepals.  Staminodes  none  or  present,  alternating  with  the 
petals.  Stamens  generally  indefinite,  inserted  with  the  petals ; 
filaments  free  or  often  in  clusters  opposite  the  petals.  Anthers 
opening  laterally  or  inwards.  Ovary  usually  inferior,  1 -celled. 
Style  entire  or  2-3-cleft ;  stigma  a  point,  or  capitate,  or  marked 
with  3-5  strife.  Ovules  one  or  more,  attached  at  the  apex  of 
the  ovary  or  to  placentas  on  the  walls  of  the  ovary,  pendulous, 
anatropous.  .  Fruit  usually  a  capsule,  1(2,  3)-cellecl,  3-7-valved 
at  the  apex  or  longitudinally,  valves  alternating  with  the 
placentas.  Seeds  1  or  more,  varied  in  form  and  size ;  endosperm 
wanting  or  generally  present,  fleshy.  Embryo  straight  or  curved, 
linear,  oblong,  or  cylindrical  ;  cotyledons  plano-convex,  leafy  or 
hemispherical. 

Species  over  220,  almost  all  natives  of  America,  three  in  the 
West  Indies,  one  in  south  and  east  Africa  and  Arabia. 

* 

MENTZELIA  L. 

Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees,  rough  with  hairs  (not  stinging). 
Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite.  Inflorescence  terminal, 
cymose.  Flowers  often  large,  golden-yellow  or  white.  Calyx- 
lobes  5,  persistent.  Petals  5,  overlapping  in  bud.  Stamens 
indefinite,  equal  or  the  exterior  petaloid-dilated.  Ovary  1 -celled  ; 
style  thread-like,  long,  with  more  or  less  indistinct  longitudinal 
stigmatic  striae ;  ovules  indefinite,  inserted  on  3-5  placentas  on 
the  ovary-walls.  Capsule  top-shaped,  club-shaped,  or  cylindrical, 
with  few  or  many  seeds ;  apex  3-7-valved.  Seeds  angular, 
flattened,  or  winged,  smooth  or  roughish  ;  endosperm  not  large, 
or  scanty,  or  wanting.  Embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  flat,  oblong  : 
radicle  cylindrical. 

Species  about  60,  natives  of  America,  mainly  tropical  and 
subtropical,  especially  in  the  west. 

M.  aspera  L.  Sp.  PL  516  (1753)  &  Amaen.  v.  379  ;  Macf.  Jam. 
li.  162;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Incl  298;  Urb.  in  Noi\  Act  Leop.- 
Carol  Akad.  Naturf.  Ixxvi.  43,  t.  2,  /.  17-19,  Symb.  Ant.  ie.  428 


248 


TI.OKA    OK   JAMAICA 


k  riii.  l~)7.  .M.  setis  &c.  Itrowur  7/>W.  J<nn.  24(J.  M.  foliis  iV<-. 
Plum.  (j<'n.  41,  /.  6.  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  in  S< dander's  hand. 

Among  bushes  in  savannas  about  Kingston,  2?ro«me  I  Wi-irjittl  hedges 
round  Kingston,  ttrongliton  !  dry  thickrts  on  southside,  Mucftnh/,  n  ; 
Liguanea  plain,  McNab\  Kingston,  J'riurl  also  Jlitfltcucl;. — Cuba,  His- 
paniola,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Lucia,  Bonaire,  Curacao,  Aruba,  warmer  regions 
of  continental  America. 

An  annual  herb,  1-4  ft.  high.  Stem  erect,  usually  densely  covered  with 
barbed  hairs,  barbs  in  whorls  (Fig.  95,  G)  and  with  spine-like  hairs  (Fig.  95,  H). 


Fig.  95. — Mentzelia  aspera  L. 


A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch,  nat.  size. 

B,  Diagram  of  flower  of  M.  aurea  Baill. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  of  M.   hispida 

Willd.,  nat.  size. 

D,  Fruit  opening  at  apex  of  M.  hispida 

XU. 


E,  Seed  seen  from  the  flat  side  X  6. 

F,  Ditto  seen  from  the  narrow  side,  cut 

lengthwise,  x  6. 

G,  Hair    from    stem    and    fruit,    highly 

magnified. 
H,  Hairs  from  stem,  highly  magnified. 


(B  after  Eichler.) 


Leaves,  the  lowest  to  15  cm.  L,  becoming  gradually  smaller  upwards,  alter- 
nate, triangular-ovate,  or  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute  or  shortly  acuminate, 
serrate  or  deeply  cut  to  semi-3-lobed,  rough  with  hairs  on  both  sides,  hairs 
spine-like  and  sometimes  with  whorls  of  barbs  ;  petiole  •  2-5  cm.  1.  Calyx- 
lobes  5-9  ram.  L,  erect  and  persistent  in  fruit.  Petals  united  at  the  base 
with  the  stamens  into  a  ring,  longer  than  the  calyx-lobes,  yellow.  Stamens 
20-30,  the  outer  filaments  flattened,  all  fertile.  Capsule  cylindrical  narrowing 
slightly  downwards,  sessile,  about  2  cm.  1.,  very  rough  with  barbed  hairs 
(Fig.  95,  G),  erect,  somewhat  papery  in  texture.  Seeds  6-9,  not  winged. 


Begonia  BEGOXIACE.E  249 


FAMILY  LXXXI.     BEGOMACE^E. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  usually  perennial  in  W.  Indian  species, 
with  woody  stem  or  sometimes  succulent ;  stem  erect,  simple  or 
branching,  sometimes  tall  or  reduced  to  a  tuberous  rhizome, 
rarely  climbing.  Leaves  alternate,  very  rarely  somewhat  whorled, 
entire,  lobed,  or  cligitately  parted,  with  unequal  sides,  toothed, 
sometimes  peltate.  Stipules  2,  free,  often  persistent.  Peduncles 
axillary,  divided  into  unisexual  or  bisexual  cymes ;  bracts  and 
bracteoles  generally  opposite.  Flowers  monoecious,  usually  not 
symmetrical.  Male  flowers  :  Perianth-segments  (in  Begonia)  free, 
2  or  4 ;  outer  generally  2,  opposite,  valvate ;  inner  usually  2  or 
wanting.  Stamens  (in  Begonia]  indefinite,  inserted  on  the 
receptacle ;  filaments  free  or  united.  Female  flowers  :  Perianth 
segments  (in  Begonia)  2-5,  rarely  more,  free,  overlapping.  Ovary 
inferior  (in  Begonia),  usually  3-celled,  and  3-winged  or  3-cornered, 
more  rarely  2-celled,  exceptionally  more ;  placentas  usually  on 
the  axis  of  the  ovary,  projecting  into  the  cell,  rarely  on  the  walls, 
simple  or  divided,  rarely  branching.  Styles  usually  as  many  as 
cells  of  ovary,  free  or  united  at  base,  usually  2-cleft.  Ovules 
very  numerous,  anatropous.  Fruit  a  capsule  usually  3-cornered 
or  unequally  3-winged,  opening  loculicidally  below  the  perianth- 
limb  (in  Begonia),  rarely  fleshy  and  berry-like,  bursting  irregularly. 
Seeds  very  numerous,  minute ;  coat  net-veined  ;  endosperm  thin 
or  wanting.  Cotyledons  very  short ;  radicle  cylindrical. 

Species  about  600,  natives  of  tropical  America,  Asia,  and 
Africa,  also  of  subtropical  S.  Africa,  rare  in  the  islands  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean ;  with  the  exception  of  a  few,  all  included  in  the 
genus  Begonia. 

BEGONIA  L. 

Wood   Sorrel. 

Plants  climbing.     Stigmas  papillose  on  all  sides. 

Placenta  entire    1.  B.  glabra. 

Plants  not  climbing.     Stigmas  papillose  on  a  spiral  band. 
Leaves  fleshy.     Placenta  divided.     Perennials. 

Stamens  30-50 2.  B.  minor. 

Stamens  8-22. 

Bracteoles  of  female  fl.  dentate-serrate,  ciliate. 
Capsule  with  the  smaller  wings  broadest 
above,  their  upper  margin  straight,  level 
with  that  of  larger  wing 3.  B.  acutifolia. 

Bracteoles  of  female  fl.  entire.  Capsule  with 
the  smaller  wings  much  narrower,  rounded, 
generally  crescentic 4.  B.  pnrpurea. 

Leaves  membranous.     Placentas  divided  or  entire. 

Plants  without  a  distinct  stem.    Perennial  5.  B.  Purdicana. 

Plants  with  stem.     Annual  .  .  6.  B.  humilis. 


FLOKA  or  .IA.M  UCA 


/.'• 


1.  B.  glabra  yi"Z>/.  7V.  £«/<//».  it.  '.'1C,  /.  349  (1775);  stem 
climbing;  leave-  broadly  ovate  to  roundish,  shortly  acuminate, 
l>n.-e  rounded  oi  obtuse,  irregularly  toothed  or  crenato  ;  stamen- 


Fig.  96. — Begonia. 

A,  Portion  of  inflorescence  of  B.  glabra 

Aubl.,  showing  a  central  male  flower, 
a  female  flower,  and  a  male  flowei- 
bud,  x  6. 

B.  Ovary  cut  across,  enlarged. 


C,  Ovary  of  B.  acuti  folia  Jacq.,  enlarged. 

D,  Plan  of  an  ultimate  branch  of  the  in- 

florescence   of    B.    aeutifolia   Jacq. 
(stamens  too  many). 

(D  after  Eichler.) 


10-17  ;  capsule:  largest  wing  broader  above,  obtuse  or  acute  or 
broader  in  middle,  the  other  wings  very  narrow. — 0.  E.  Schulz  in 
Symb.  Ant.  mi.  4.  B.  obliqua  L.  Amcen.  v.  383  (with  reference  to 
Browne  Hist.  203).  B.  scandens  Sw.  Prodr.  86  (1788),  FL  Ind. 


Ucyonia  IJEGONIACE.K  1'51 


~0cc.  992,  &  Ic.  ined.  t.  14  ;  Dryander  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  i. 
Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Ind.  305;  A.  DC.  Prodr.  xv.  pt.  1,  362. 
Rumex  sylvestris  scandens  <fec.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  203  (excl.  syn.). 
Specimen  from  Aublet  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  96,  A,  B.) 

Sloanc  Herb.  iii.  121  (in  part)!  Wright  \  Broughtonl  Shakespcar  \ 
Swartz  ;  Wiles  I  Hopewell,  St.  Ann,  McNab  \  Distinl  Purdiel  Ocho  Rios 
ravine,  Priori  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  971,  Hartl  Ramble,  Claremont,  1700  ft., 
Fawcett  &  Harris  !  Holly  Mount,  2600  ft.  ;  Lapland,  Catadupa,  1400  ft.  ; 
Walderston,  Manchester,  2600  ft.  ;  Harris  !  above  Gordon  Town,  Miss  It. 
Capper  !  Cockpit  Country,  Norman  !  Fl.  Jam.  7011,  8880,  9171,  12,860.- 
Cuba,  Dominica,  Trinidad,  Central  America,  tropical  S.  America  (except 
Brazil). 

Stem  climbing  on  mossy  trees  and  rocks,  rooting  at  the  nodes.  Leaves 
5-14  cm.  1.;  petioles  3  '5-1  cm.  1.;  stipules  oblong-ovate,  2-1  cm.  1.,  persistent. 
Bracteoles  under  the  female  flower  lanceolate,  1*5-2  mm.  1.  Flowers  white. 
Male  flowers  :  Perianth-segments:  outer  2,  3  -5-4  mm.  1.,  inner  2,  3  -3  '5  mm.  1. 
Female  flowers:  Perianth-segments  5,  3-5  mm.  1.  Capsule  7-11  mm.  1., 
4-6  mm.  br.,  the  largest  wing  8-14  mm.  br. 

2.  B.  minor  Jacq.  Collect,  i.  126  (1786)  (excl.  syn.  Plum.)  & 
Ic.  PL   Bar.  .Hi.   18,  t.   618;  leaves  obliquely  ovate,   cordate,  or 
kidney-shaped,  apex  acute  or  shortly  acuminate,  subentire-wavy, 
glabrous  ;    stamens   30-50  ;    capsule,   the    largest    wing  broader 
above,  obtuse,  the  other  wings  much  narrower,  broader  towards 
the  middle.  —  0.  E.  Schulz  torn.  cit.  9.      B.  obliqua  L'Herit.  Stirp. 
Nov.  95,  t.  46  (1788)  (excl.  syn.).     B.  nitid&Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  Hi.  352 
(1789)   (excl.  syn.  Sw.)  ;    Dryander  torn.  cit.  159  (excl.  syn.  Sw.)  ; 
Sw.  FL  Ind.  Occ.  996;    Descourt.  FL  Ant.  v.  loo,  t.  344;    Bot. 
Mag.  t.  4046  ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  304. 

Wright  !  Broughton  !  McNab  !  inmts.,  March;  Mctcalfc  !  Morris  J.P.  896! 
Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock  ;  Cinchona,  G.  E.  Nichols  ! 

Stems  woody,  to  3  or  4  ft.  high,  spreading  from  the  base,  glabrous, 
reddish-brown.  Leaves  15-8(-20)  cm.  1.,  glossy,  nerves  about  8  ;  petioles 
4-l'5(-7)  cm.  1.  ;  stipules  2  '5-1  '5  cm.  1.  ;  ovate-lanceolate,  mucro'nate, 
very  soon  falling.  Bracteoles  under  the  female  flower  broadly  elliptical, 
5  mm.  1.  Male  flowers  :  Perianth-segments  :  outer  2,  suborbicular,  base 
cordate,  15-13  mm.  1.,  pink;  inner  2,  oblong,  obovate,  white  or  pink. 
Female  floicers  :  Perianth-segments  5,  obovate,  7  '5-13  mm.  1.,  white. 
Capsule  15-18  mm.  1.,  9  mm.  br.,  the  largest  wing  17-20  mm.  br. 

3.  B,  aeutifolia  Jacq.  Collect,  i.  128  (1786)  (excl.  syn.  Plum.)  ; 
leaves    oblong-lanceolate    to    oblong-elliptical,    acuminate,    base 
half-cordate,  margin  ciliate,   unequally  toothed,  teeth  at  end  of 
nerves    much    larger    and    mostly    pointing    upwards,    hairy    011 
nerves  beneath;  stamens  12-17;  capsule,  largest  wing  broadest 
above,   obtuse,    the  others  narrower,   broader   above,   the   upper 
margins    of    all    on    the    same    level.  —  Drijanrtcr   torn.    cit.    165  : 
O.  E.  Scliuh  torn.  cit.  13.     B.  obliqua  L.  S2>.  PL  1056  (1753)  (.so 
far   as   it  refers   to   syn.   Sloan.)  ;    B.    acuminata  Dri/andcr  torn. 
rlt.  166,  t.  14,  /.  5,  6  (1791)  ;  Bot.  Ee<j.  t.  364  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4025  : 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  30  i.     Aceris  fructu  herba  anomala  tiore  tetrapelalo 


l'.~»2  1- I.OKA    (»!'    JAM  A  I'  A  Begonia 

all..)  Sloane  Cat.  S3  £  1 1  inf.  i.  199  (in  part)  /.  127,  /.  1,  2. 
(Fig.  (.H),  c,  D.)  Dry;inder's  type  of  7>.  aadninuta  in  Herl>. 
Mu's.  Urit. 

Woods  by  Hope  R.,  and  Rio  Cobrc,  Sloane  Herb,  iii.  121  (in  part)! 
1\~ri(jJit\  Massonl  Sir<trt~  ;  von  /.'<»///•!  Jiancn>ff\  McNab\  March !  Mt. 
Diablo,  Priori  Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  J.P.  1353,  Mbrrial  also  Harris  \  also 
Clutc\  Brandon  Hill  road,  near  Castleton,  Tliompxonl  Fl.  Jam.  8095, 
'  »1  IS ;  Blue  Mt.  Peak  ;  Bog  Walk  ;  Hitchcock  ;  Clyde  River,  below  Cinchona, 
4000ft.,  G.  Nichols  I 

Stems  woody,  to  2  ft.  high,  glabrous,  purplish-brown.  Leaves  10-5  cm.  1. ; 
petioles  2-5-1  cm.  1.,  hairy  or  glabrescent ;  stipules  ovate-lanceolate, 
mucronate,  8-10  mm.  1.,  persistent.  Bractcole  under  the  female  flower 
elliptical,  serrate,  ciliate,  5  mm.  1.  Male  flowers :  Perianth-segments : 
outer  2,  roundish-ovate,  12-17  mm.  1.,  pink;  inner  2,  much  narrower, 
oblong-obovate,  10-14  mm.  1.,  white.  Female  flowers  :  Perianth-segments  5r 
narrowly  elliptical,  unequal,  8-15  mm.  1.,  white  or  pink.  Capsule 
8-14  mm.  1.,  1-2  cm.  br. 

4.  B.  purpurea  Sn\  Prodr.  86  (1788)  (excl.  syn.);  leaves 
oblong-elliptical  to  oblong- lanceolate,  usually  acuminate,  base 
half-cordate  or  irregularly  cordate,  irregularly  serrulate,  some- 
times subentire,  usually  glabrous  ;  stamens  8-10  ;  capsule,  largest 
wing  broadest  above,  obtuse-angled,  the  other  wings  much 
narrower,  rounded,  generally  crescentic. —  0.  E.  Sclndz  torn.  cit.  16. 
B.  acutifolia  Sw.  FL  Lid.  Occ.  994  (1800)  (excl.  all  syn.  except 
B.  purpurea)  ;  Griseb.  tor.  cit.  (excl.  hab.  Porto  Rico)  (non  Jacq.). 
B.  jamaicensis  A.  DC.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  scr.  4,  xi.  124  (1859)  & 
Prodr.  xv.  pt.  1,  297. 

Woo  d  -  sorrel. 

On  limestone  rocks  ;  Swart  z ;  Bancroft;  Fairfield,  Wullschlaegcl ;  Mt. 
Diablo,  Priori  Holly  Mount,  2600  ft.;  Walderston,  2000  ft.;  Tyre,  near 
Troy,  2200  ft. ;  Lapland,  near  Catadupa,  1900  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6690,  8308,  9083,  9157,  12,813. 

Stems  woody,  2-4  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  5-11  cm.  1. ;  petioles 
1-2  cm.  1. ;  stipules  oblong,  mucronate,  9-8  mm.  1.,  soon  falling.  Bracteoles 
under  the  female  flower  oblong-elliptical,  9  mm.  1.,  red.  Male  flowers  : 
Perianth-segments:  outer  2,  ovate,  pink  or  purple,  7-11  mm.  1. ;  inner 
elliptical,  white,  narrower.  Female  flowers :  Perianth-segments  5, 6-9  mm.  1., 
outer  red,  inner  white  or  pink.  Capsule  8-12  mm.  1. ;  largest  wing 
13-25  mm.  br. 

5.  B.  Purdieana  A.  DC.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  scr.  4,  xi.  124  (1859) 
&  Prodr.  xv.  pt.  1,  297  ;  stemless ;  leaves  membranous,  obliquely 
ovate,  acute  or  shortly  acuminate,  cordate,  irregularly  crenate, 
with  scattered  hairs  on  both  sides ;  petioles  sparsely  hairy  ; 
stamens  8  or  more  ;  capsule,  largest  wing  broader  above,  sub- 
acute-angled,  the  other  wings  narrower,  broadest  above.— Griseb. 
op.  cit.  305  ;  0.  E.  Sdtulz  torn.  cit.  24.  Type  (unique  specimen) 
in  Herb.  Kew. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Jan. ;  Hanover,  Purdiel 

Stemless  Jicrb.  Stock  about  i  inch  long,  covered  with  roots  and 
stipules.  Leaves  8'5-9'5  cm.  1.,  5  cm.  br. ;  petioles  2-6  cm.  1.  ;  stipules 


Begonia  BEGONIACE-K  253 

oblong-lanceolate,  about  1  cm.  1.  Scapes  11-18  cm.  1.,  with  5-7  flowers  at 
apex.  Flowers  white.  Male  flowers  :  Perianth-segments:  outer  2,  ellip- 
tical, 6  mm.  1. ;  inner  2,  obovate,  scarcely  shorter.  Female  flowers  : 
Perianth-segments  5,  obovate,  3-5  mm.  1.  Capsule  8  mm.  1. ;  largest  wing 
12-15  mm.  br.,  other  wings  about  4  mm.  br. 

6.  B.  humilis  Dryander  in  Ait.  Hort.  Ken-.  Hi.  353  (1789); 
annual  1  herbaceous  ;  stem  and  branches  glabrous  ;  leaves 
obliquely  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  acute,  base  slightly  cordate, 
margin  ciliate,  unequally  crenate-serrulate  ;  stamens  8-1 5(— 20)  ; 
capsule,  the  largest  wing  rounded,  broadest  above,  the  others 
rounded,  only  half  as  broad,  broadest  above  or  towards  the 
middle. — Dryander  torn.  dt.  166,  t.  15  ;  Hook.  Exot.  Fl.  i.  t.  17  ; 
Griseb.  op.  cit.  304  ;  0.  E.  Scltulz  torn.  cit.  26. 

Jamaica  (without  locality)  Me  Nab !  in  Herb.  R.  Bot.  Gard.  Edin- 
burgh.— Tobago,  Trinidad. 

Herb,  possibly  an  annual,  1-2  ft.  high.  Leaves  11-3  cm.  1.,  hairy  on 
upper  surface  with  flattish  hairs,  1  mm.  1.  ;  petioles  4-1  cm.  1.,  hairy  only 
at  apex ;  stipules  oblong-ovate,  more  or  less  serrulate  and  ciliate,  with 
a  long  hair-like  tip,  7-5  mm.  1.  Bracteoles  under  tbe  female  flower 
1-1*5  mm.  1.,  often  remote  from  the  ovary.  Flowers  white.  Male  /lowers  : 
Perianth-segments :  outer  2,  roundish  or  transversely  oval,  4  mm.  1. ;  inner  2, 
very  narrow,  sublinear,  3  mm.  1.,  sometimes  wanting.  Female  /lowers  : 
Perianth-segments  5,  oblong-obovate,  2-4  inm.  1.  Capsule  6-10  mm.  1. 

We  consider  that  its  occurrence  in  Jamaica  requires  confirmation. 

B.  hirtella  Link,  a  native  of  tropical  S.  America,  Guadeloupe,  and 
Martinique,  is  quoted  doubtfully  from  Jamaica  on  a  garden  specimen  from 
Hort.  Soc.  Lond.  in  Lindley's  Herbarium,  but  there  is  no  direct  evidence 
of  its  occurrence  in  Jamaica. 

B.  peponifolia  Visiani,  a  plant  cultivated  in  various  botanic  gardens, 
has  been  ascribed  to  Jamaica,  but  we  have  no  evidence  of  its  occurrence. 


FAMILY  LXXXII.     CUCURBITACE^]. 

Herbs  or  undershrubs,  annual  or  with  a  perennial  root,  rarely 
shrubs  ;  stems  climbing  or  prostrate.  Leaves  alternate,  simple, 
palmately-lobed  or  -partite,  or  pedate,  usually  cordate  and  mem- 
branous. Tendrils,  when  present,  lateral,  next  the  flower-stalks. 
Flowers  monoecious,  or  rarely  dioecious,  usually  regular,  racemose, 
paniculate,  or  solitary.  Calyx-tube  (receptacle)  bell-shaped  or 
tubular ;  limb  with  5  (3  or  6)  overlapping  lobes.  Petals  5 
(3  or  6),  free  or  united.  Stamens  free  or  variously  united, 
usually  3,  of  which  one  has  a  1 -celled  anther,  the  others  2-celled 
anthers.  Anthers  free,  cohering,  or  confluent  into  a  head  ;  cells 
flexuose  (bent  upwards  and  downwards),  or  (in  Melothria) 
straight  or  curved,  or  (in  Fevilled)  oblong.  Ovary  inferior,  or 
with  the  apex  free  (in  Sechiuin],  usually  of  3  carpels,  3-celled, 
rarely  1—2  or  apparently  4-6-celled  ;  placentas  usually  meeting 
in  the  axis  of  the  ovary.  Ovules  generally  horizontal  in  West 
Indian  species,  but  erect  in  Cayaponia,  pendulous  inSechinm  and 


254 


»>!•   JAMAICA 


iU'ti.  usually  «»n  the  Mdes  of  the  placentas  in-M  to  the  wall  of 
theo\arv  ;iinl  immersed  in  pulp.  1'Yiiit  usually  berry-like,  fleshy 
or  corky,  not  opening,  but  in  Momunlira  opening  by  valves,  in 
Lu[f'u  by  ;i  H<1  :  1 -celled  through  the  partitions  or  placentas 
dissolving  into  pulp,  hut  Li([)'a  .^-celled  and  fibrous  inside. 
Seeds  indefinite  in  number  or  few  or  only  one  (in  Seclu'iim). 
without  endosperm.  Cotyledons  foliaceous.  Germination  tak--- 
place  on  the  surface  of  tbe  ground. 

Species  800,  natives  of  the  warmer  regions,  especially  of 
the  tropics. 


[Lagenarlti. 


[Momordica.] 


Petiole   2-glandular   where   it   joins    leaf-blade.       Fruit 

woody  outside,  with  spongy  flesh 

Petiole  not  glandular. 

Flowers  :  male  racemose,  female  solitary. 
Leaves  entire,  angled,  or  shortly  3-5-lobed. 

Tendrils  simple.     Fruit  small,  berry-like 1.  MelotJtria. 

Tendrils  branched.     Fruit  large,  fleshy,  not  open- 
ing, seed  protruding 2.   Sechium. 

Leaves  5-7-lobed. 

Tendrils  simple.     Fruit  fleshy,  orange-coloured  ... 
Tendrils  3-branched.    Fruit  dry,  cylindrical,  fibrous 

inside,  opening  by  a  lid  [Luffa.l 

Flowers :  male  clustered,  rarely  solitary,  female  soli- 
tary ;  leaves  deeply  5-lobed,  lobes  obovate  ;  tendrils 

simple.     Fruit  fleshy,  not  opening,  prickly  3.  Cucuniis. 

Flowers  all  solitary  (rarely  clustered). 

Leaves  deeply  3-lobed,  lobes  lobulate ;  tendrils  2- 
branched.  Fruit  oblong  or  globose,  fleshy,  not 

opening  [Citrullus.] 

Leaves  entire  or  3-lobed  ;  tendrils  simple,  tips  dilated. 
Fruit  globose,  not  opening,  size  of  an  orange, 

perianth  thin 4.  Cionosicys. 

Leaves  deeply  3-5-lobed,  lobes  acuminate ;  tendrils 

3-branched,  tips  dilated.     Fruit  as  in  No.  4 5.  Sicana. 

Flowers   in   panicles.     Leaves  entire  or  more   or   less 

3-5-angled  or  -lobed. 
Male  and  female  flowers  on  same  panicle.     Tendrils 

2-3-branched.     Fruit  small,  berry-like 6.   Cayaponia. 

Male  and  female  flowers  in  panicles  on  separate 
plants.  Tendrils  2-branched  at  apex.  Fruit 
large,  woody  outside,  marked  with  the  scar  of 

the  fallen  calyx , 7.  Fcvillea. 

This  key  applies  only  to  species  found  in  Jamaica. 


1.  MELOTHRIA  L. 

Herbs  climbing  or  prostrate,  slender,  annual  or  with  a 
perennial  rootstock.  Leaves  entire  or  more  or  less  lobed. 
Tendrils  slender,  usually  simple.  Flowers  small,  yellow  or 
white,  monoecious  (in  Jamaican  species)  or  dioecious.  Male  fls. 
racemose,  very  rarely  solitary.  Calyx-tube  bell-shaped.  Sepals  5, 
tooth-like.  Corolla  deeply  5-parted.  Stamens  3  (5),  inserted  on 
the  calyx-tube;  anthers, one  1-celled,  the  rest  2-celled, sometimes 


Melothria 


CUCURB1TACE.E 


255 


all  2-celled  ;  cells  usually  straight.  Rudiment  of  ovary  globose 
or  ring-like.  Female  fls.  solitary  or  clustered  (in  W.  Indian 
species),  usually  with  a  long  slender  stalk.  Calyx  and  corolla  as 
in  male.  Staminodes  3  or  wanting.  Ovary  constricted  below 
the  flower,  with  3  placentas  ;  style  surrounded  at  base  by  a  ring- 
like  disk,  with  3  stigmas ;  ovules  numerous,  horizontal.  Fruit 
small,  berry-like.  Seeds  ovoid  or  oblong,  usually  compressed. 
Species  85,  natives  of  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. 

Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  base  with  a  roundish  bay    1.  J/.  guadahtpensis. 

Leaves  4-5  cm.l.,  base  with  a  narrow  bay 2.  M.  fluminensis. 

1.  M.  guadalupensis  Cogn.   in  DC.  Monoyr.  Hi.   580  (1881) 
&  in  Engl.  Pflanzenr.  Cucurb.-FevilL  83  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  610  & 


Fig.  97. — Melothria  guadalupensis  Cogn. 
A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flowers,        C,  Female  flower  of  ditto  cut  lengthwise 


and  fruit,  x  -;. 
B,  Male  flower  of  M.  cucumis  Veil.,  cut 
lengthwise,  one  stamen  removed,  X  5. 


X  3. 
D,  Seed  of  M.  (juadalupensis  Cogn.  x  4. 


viii.  694;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl.  426.  M.  scandens  etc.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  124.  M.  foliis  cordatis  etc.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.) 
55,  t.  66,  /.  2.  (excl.  syn.)  &  Ic.  Original  ined.  iv.  205.  M.  pendula 


_~>6  l-U'KA   OF   JAMAICA 


L.  S}>.  PI.  ."••"»  (175.'>)  (with  ivu'.-ird  to  syn.  Sloan,  it  hah.  Jamaica), 

X//.S/.  «L  10,  Mil  it  yl/mi  //.  r.  .">7.~>  ;    Sw.  Obs.  27.     M.  ])(T\;i-;i  (i,-i«fl>. 

Fl.  Jir.   }V.  Int.  289  (I860).      Bryonia   guadalupensia    Spreng. 

N//,s7.  ///.  15  (1826).  Landersia  pervaga  Mac/.  Jam.  ii.  142 
(1850).  Cucumis  minima  etc.  Slotmc  Cat.  103  it  Hist.  i.  227, 
/.  142,  f.  1.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 
(Fig.  97'.) 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  76  !  Mocfadyen  ;  Distin  !  Waters  !  Parnell  !  Broken- 
burst,  Manchester,  Purdicl  Wilson;  Wnllschlaegel  ;  Moneague,  Priori 
also  Lady  Blake  \  Liguanea  plain,  J.  P.  1047,  Hart  I  Cincbona,  Fawcettl 
Port  Royal  Mts.  (Green  Valley  and  Robertsfield,  2000ft.)  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam. 
5912,  7796  ;  Port  Morant  ;  Lucea  ;  Hitchcock  ;  Bog  Walk,  Ridley  1- 
Bahanias,  W.  Indies,  Central  America,  northern  S.  America. 

Stem  climbing  or  creeping,  much  branched,  sometimes  6  ft.  1.  Leaves 
5-10  cm.  1.,  ovate-cordate  or  triangular-subsagittate,  entire  or  3-5-lobed, 
apex  acute  or  shortly  acuminate,  base  cordate  with  a  somewhat  roundish 
bay,  margin  wavy  or  with  a  few  small  teeth,  on  upper  surface  very  rough, 
beneath  somewhat  rough  ;  petiole  2-4  cm.  1.  Flowers  minute.  Male 
racemes  about  as  long  as  the  petiole.  Calyx  2-  5  mm.  1.  Female  peduncles 
longer  than  the  petiole,  3-6  cm.  1.  Fruit  1*5  cm.  1.,  1  cm.  thick,  ellipsoidal 
or  subglobose,  rounded  at  both  ends,  at  first  green,  marked  with  6  pale 
lines,  at  length  red,  finally  purple-black.  Seed  winged,  4  mm.  1. 

2.  M.  fluminensis  Gardn.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  Sot.  i.  173 
(1842)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  583  &  in  Engl.  Pflanzenr.  iv. 
275,  i.  85;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  611.  Specimens  from  Gardner 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  Kew. 

Oersted;  Bog  Walk,  Hitchcock.  —  West  Indies,  tropical  continental 
America. 

Stem  climbing,  branched.  Leaves  4-5  cm.  1.,  broadly  ovate-cordate, 
entire,  5-angled,  or  slightly  3-5-lobed,  apex  usually  acute  or  shortly 
acuminate,  base  with  a  narrow  bay,  on  upper  surface  rough,  beneath  more 
or  less  pubescent-roughish  ;  petiole  2-4  cm.  1.  Flowers  minute.  Male 
racemes  shorter  than  the  leaf.  Calyx  l'5-2  mm.  L,  narrowly  bell-shaped. 
Female  peduncles  a  little  shorter  than  the  leaf,  3-4  cm.  1.  Fruit  9-13  mm.  L, 
6-9  mm.  thick,  subglobose,  colour  the  same  all  over. 

2.  SECHIUMJuss. 

Annual  herb,  hairy,  high  climbing.  Leaves  membranous, 
angled  or  lobed,  base  deeply  cordate.  Tendrils  with  3  (2—5) 
branches.  Flowers  greenish,  or  cream-coloured,  or  white, 
monoecious.  Male  fls.  racemose,  sometimes  in  clusters  on  a 
long  peduncle.  Calyx-tube  hemispherical.  Sepals  5.  Corolla 
rotate,  deeply  5-parted.  Stamens  3,  inserted  at  the  bottom 
of  the  receptacle,  the  short  filaments  united  into  a  column  ; 
anthers  free,  flexuose,  one  1  -celled,  the  rest  2-celled.  Female 
fls.  solitary  or  twin  in  the  same  axil  as  the  male  fls. 
Calyx  and  corolla  as  in  the  male  fls.  Style  rising  from  a 
spreading  toothed  disk.  Ovary  1  -celled  ;  stigma  with  5  or  6 
recurved  lobes  ;  ovule  one,  hanging  from  apex  of  cell.  Fruit 


Secliinm 


CUCURBITACE.E 


257 


fleshy,  furrowed.     Seed  one,  with  very  large  fleshy  cotyledons, 
often  germinating  in  the  fruit. 

Species  1,  spontaneous  and  cultivated  in  the  Bahamas,  West 
Indies,  tropical  continental  America,  introduced  into  tropics  of 
Old  World. 

S.  edule  Sw.  FL  Lid.  Occ.  1150  (1800);  Macf.  Jam.  it.  141  ; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  286;  Cogn.  in  Fl.  Bras.  vi.  pt.  4,  111, 


D 


Fig.  98. — Sechium  edule  S\v. 

A,  Leaf,  tendril,  and  inflorescence  with        C,  Ditto  opened  out. 

female    flower    and    buds    of    male        D,  Female    flower    cut    lengthwise  x  4  ; 
flowers,  X  $.  s,  disk. 

B,  Male  flower-bud  x  15.  E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  .'.. 

(A  after  Fl.  Bras.  ;  B,  C,  E  after  Baillon.) 

t.  35  &  in  DO.  Monogr.  Hi.  901  ;  Baill.  Hist.  PL  viii.  383-385, 
figs.  228-233  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  616  &  viii.  698  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t. 
8738  ;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  376  (cult.).  S.  foliis  cordato-angulatis  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  355.  Sicyos  edules  Jacq.  Enum.  32  (1760),  & 

V.  S 


J5.S  FLOKA    OF    .IA.MAK  A  S>rJiiitiH 


Sri.  Sfirj,.  Amer.  2:>8,  /.  163;  Sw.  Prodi:  116.  Chayota  edulis 
Jacq.  ScJ.  >'///•/<.  .  l///r/\  ctZ.  pict.  t.  245.  Concombre  cristophine 
Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  v.  94,  /.  328.  (Fig.  98.) 

Cho-cho. 

Distin  !  Moneague,  Prior  !  —  Spontaneous  and  cultivated  in  West  Indies 
and  tropical  continental  America.  Introduced  into  tropics  and  subtropics 
of  Old  World. 

Stem  climbing  to  a  height  of  several  feet  ;  the  root  of  the  mature  plant 
large  and  fleshy,  resembling  the  yam  in  appearance,  and  weighing  from 
10  to  20  pounds.  Leaves  1-2  •  5  dm.  1.,  cordate  at  base,  3-5-angled  or  -lobed. 
Tendrils  5-6  cm.  1.,  usually  3-branched.  Peduncle  1-3  dm.  1.  Fruit 
generally  about  10  cm.  1.,  light  green  or  white,  usually  with  small 
herbaceous  prickles.  Seed  ovate,  compressed,  protruding  from  the  cleft 
apex  of  the  ripe  fruit,  and  emitting  several  rootlets. 

Fruit  very  wholesome,  usually  used  as  a  vegetable  like  the  vegetable- 
marrow;  sometimes  with  the  addition  of  lime-juice  and  sugar  it  supplies 
an  ingredient  for  tarts.  The  root  when  cooked  is  wholesome  and  palatable. 
much  like  a  yam.  (Macfadyen.) 

[MOMORDICA  L. 

Herbs  climbing  or  prostrate,  annual  or  with  perennial 
rhizome.  Leaves  lobed  (in  Jamaican  species)  or  entire,  or  with 
3  to  7  leaflets.  Tendrils  simple  (in  Jamaican  species)  or 
2-branched.  Flower-stalk  sometimes  with  a  large  bract.  Flowers 
mostly  yellow,  monoecious  (in  Jamaican  species)  or  dioecious. 
Male  fl.  solitary,  racemose,  or  corymbose.  Calyx-tube  very  short, 
closed  by  2  or  3  oblong  incurved  scales.  Sepals  5.  Corolla 
rotate  or  bell-shaped,  usually  5-cleft  to  base  ;  segments  obovate, 
ribbed.  Stamens  generally  3,  attached  at  the  mouth  of  the 
tube  :  anthers  at  tirst  cohering,  at  length  free,  one  1  -celled, 
the  rest  2-celled,  usually  flexuose,  protruding  beyond  receptacle. 
Female  fl.  solitary.  Calyx  and  corolla  as  in  male.  Staminodes 
wanting  or  3  glands  surrounding  base  of  style.  Ovary  with 
3  placentas  ;  stigmas  3  ;  ovules  numerous,  horizontal.  Fruit 
oblong,  spindle-shaped,  or  cylindrical,  berry-like,  not  opening  or 
with  3  valves. 

Species  nearly  50,  most  of  them  African,  a  few  dispersed 
through  all  tropical  regions. 

Bract  of  male  flower  entire,  above  the  base  or  about 
the  middle  of  peduncle.  Apex  of  leaf-lobules  blunt, 
mucronate  .......................................................  1.  M.  Charantia. 

Bract  of  male  flower  toothed,  near  apex  of  peduncle. 

Leaf-lobules  deeply  cut,  acute  ...........................  2.  M.  Balsamina. 

1.  M.  Charantia  L.  Sp.  PL  ,1009  (1753),  Amcen.  v.  383  £ 
Hort.  Cliff.  451  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2455.  Wright  Mem.  301  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  if.  140;  Wight  Ic.  t.  504;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  287; 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  436  ;  Watt  Econ.  Prod.  Ind.  ;  Gar  A. 
Chron.  ser.  3,  Hi.  473  with  col.  plate  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  1136; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  612  &  mil.  696  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  Fl,  425. 


Momordica 


CUCURBITACE.E 


259 


M.  subhirsuta  lire.   Browne  Hist.  Jam.   353.     Cucumis   africanus 
Sot.  Re<j.  t.  980.     Momordique  Descourt.   FL  Ant.  Hi.  62,  t.  164. 


B 


Fig.  99. — Momordica. 

A,  Male  flower  of  37".  Balsamina  L.,  nat.        C,  Ditto  fully  ripe,  open,  showing  the 

size.  seeds,  x  |. 

B,  Fruit  of  M.  Charantia  L.  X  §.  T>,  Seed  X  2. 

(A  after  Baillon  ;  B,  C  after  Card.  Chron.) 

Cerasee  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  by  Linnaeus.  Specimen  in  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus. 
Brit.  (Fig.  99,  B-D.) 

Cerasee. 

Distin !    Wullschlaegel ;    Moneague,   Prior !    J.P.   2103,    Hart  \    Hope 

grounds,    700   ft.,  Harris !    Annotto    Bay,    Thompson  \    Windward    road, 

Fawcettl  FL  Jam.  6779,  6934,  7922,  8246,  8460.    Lucca;  Porus  ;  Hitchcock. 

—Tropics   and    subtropics    of   Old   World,   introduced  into  America  and 

West  Indies. 

Stem  climbing,  puberulous  or  tomentose  especially  at  apex,  3-6  ft.  1. 
Leaves  4-12  cm.  in  diam.,  cut  to  the  middle  or  almost  to  the  base  into 
5-7  lobes,  much  narrower  at  the  base,  toothed  or  lobulate,  apex  of  each 
usually  blunt,  rnucronate,  pubescent  on  both  sides,  especially  oil  nerves 
beneath,  or  glabrescent.  Peduncle  of  male  fl.  5-15  cm.  L,  with  a  kidney 

s  2 


260  FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA  Momordica 

shaped  or  roundish-cordate  entire  bract  at  or  below  tbe  middle,  5-15  mm.  br.; 
of  female  fl.  5-10  cm.  1.,  with  bract  generally  near  base.  Corolla  yellow, 
segments  1*5-2  cm.  1.  Fruit  8-15  cm.  1.  and  more,  orange-yellow,  oblong- 
ellipsoidal,  narrowed  to  both  ends  ;  tuberculate,  when  ripe  3-valved  from 
apex.  Seeds  10-16  mm.  1.,  slightly  3-lobed  at  each  end,  corrugate  on 
margin,  covered  with  pulp  of  a  rich  crimson  colour. 

Var.  abbreviata  Ser.  ex  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  311;  plant  much 
smaller,  lobes  of  leaves  usually  narrower ;  fruit  shorter,  ovate- 
mucronate  ;  seeds  smaller,  generally  smooth. — Coyn.  torn.  cit.  437  ; 
Urb.  loc.  cit.  M.  zeylanica  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Smaller 
Cerasee  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined. 

Kingston  ;  Constant  Spring ;  Port  Morant ;  Hitchcock. 

The  fruits  of  species  and  variety  are  eaten  cooked  in  curries,  or  sliced 
and  fried.  It  is  necessary  to  soak  them  in  hot  water  or  salt  and  water 
before  cooking  to  remove  some  of  the  bitterness,  bliced  and  dried,  they 
will  keep  for  months,  if  kept  in  an  airy  place. 

2.  M.  Balsamina  L.  Sp.  PL  1009  (1753),  Amoen.  v.  383  & 
Hort.  Cliff.  450  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  138  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit. ;  Cogn.  torn, 
cit.  439  :  Watt  Econ.  Prod.  Ind. ;  Small  loc.  cit.  ;  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  612.  M.  glabra  &c.  Browne  loc.  cit.  Cucumis  puniceus 
Sloane  Hist.  i.  228.  Momordique  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  viii.  355, 
t.  594.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.  Specimens 
in  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  99,  A.) 

Cerasee. 

Houston  in  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  76*!  Macfadyen;  Wilson  !  trailing  along 
the  sand  on  sea-beach,  Alligator  Pond,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6415. — Distribu- 
tion of  preceding  species. 

Stem  low-growing,  subglabrous,  2-4  ft.  1.  Leaves  4-7  cm.  in  diam.,  cut 
to  the  middle  in  3-5  rhomboid  lobes,  which  are  deeply  and  acutely  lobulate. 
Peduncle  of  male  fl.  3-7  cm.  L,  with  a  roundish-cordate  toothed  bract  at 
the  apex;  of  female  fl.  '5-1 '5  cm.  1.,  without  a  bract  or  with  one  at  base. 
Corolla  orange-yellow,  about  1'5  cm.  1.  Fruit  3-6  cm.  1.,  orange-red, 
broadly  ovoid,  crested-tuberculate,  ''bursting  irregularly  and  laterally  from 
the  base"  (Macfadyen).  Seeds  10-11  mm.  L,  margin  subentire. 

The  young  green  fruit  is  used  as  a  pickle  ;  when  ripe  it  is  eaten  as  a 
vegetable  in  stews,  &c.] 

[LUFFA  Cav. 

Annual  herbs,  glabrous,  rough,  or  pubescent.  Leaves  usually 
5-7-lobed.  Tendrils  with  2  or  more  branches  (3  in  Jamaican 
species).  Flowers  monoecious,  large,  usually  yellow,  some- 
times white.  Male  flowers  racemose.  Calyx-tube  bell-  or 
top-shaped ;  lobes  5,  triangular  or  lanceolate.  Petals  free, 
spreading,  obovate  or  obcordate.  Stamens  3  (4  or  5) ;  filaments 
free  or  2  united ;  anthers,  when  3,  1 -celled,  the  rest  2-celled, 
cells  linear,  flexuose.  Female  flowers  solitary.  Calyx-tube 
(receptacle)  prolonged  above  the  ovary ;  lobes  and  corolla  as  in 
the  male  fls.  Ovary  long,  with  3  placentas ;  stigma  3-lobed  ; 
ovules  indefinite,  horizontal.  Fruit  dry,  oblong  or  cylindrical, 
fibrose  inside,  3-celled,  with  style  persistent,  opening  by  the 


Luff  a  CUCUKBITACE^E  261 

dropping    off  of    the    lid-like    apex.       Seeds   indefinite,    oblong, 
compressed. 

Species  7  or  8,  of  which  one  is  tropical  American,  the  rest 
natives  of  tropics  of  Old  World,  but  cultivated  or  subspontaneous 
in  tropics  of  New  World. 

Fruit  not  ribbed.  Seeds  smooth,  winged.  Leaves 

5-lobed  1.  L.  cylindrica. 

Fruit  10-ribbed.  Seeds  rough,  not  winged.  Leaves 

5-angled  or  sublobed  2.  L.  acutangula. 

1.  L.  eylindriea  If.  Eoem.  Syn.  Pepon.  ii.  63  (1846);  Cogn. 
in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  456  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  613  &  viii.  697. 
L,  tegyptiaca  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  136.    Momor- 
dica  cylindrica  L.  Sp.  PL  1009  (1753).     Strainer  Rev.  J.Lindsay 
Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.     Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 

Strainer  Vine. 

Distin !  Guava  Ridge,  Harris  \ — Native  of  tropics  of  Old  World.. 
Cultivated  and  subspontaneous  in  tropics  and  subtropics  of  New  World. 

Stem  climbing,  10-20  ft.  1.  and  more,  5-angled,  glabrous,  rough  at 
angles.  Leaves  15-20  cm.  in  diam.,  cordate  at  base,  palmately  5-lobed, 
lobes  acute  or  acuminate,  rough  on  both  sides.  Tendrils  usually  with 
3  branches.  Male  and  female  flowers  in  same  axil.  Calyx-tube  not 
angled,  segments  not  keeled.  Petals  oblong-wedge-shaped,  rounded  at 
apex  or  scarcely  emarginate,  3-5-nerved,  2-3  cm.  1.,  1-1 '5  cm.  br. 
Stamens  3,  one  1-celled,  two  2-celled,  or  5  1-celled  ;  filaments  6-8  mm.  1. 
Fruit  15-30  cm.  ].,  6-10  cm.  br.,  cylindrical  or  obscurely  3-cornered,  not 
ribbed  but  with  10  dark  longitudinal  lines.  Seeds  smooth,  surrounded  by 
a  short  wing,  12  mm.  L,  8-9  mm.  br.,  2-2*5  mm.  thick. 

2.  L.  aeutangula  Eoxb.  Hort.  Beng.  70  (1814)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Hi. 
713  ;  Macf.  Jam,  ii.  136  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  288  ;  Cogn.  in 
DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  459  ;   Watt  Econ.  Prod.  Ind. ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
iv.  613  ;   Guppy  Plants.  .  .  W.  Indies  Ac.  223.      L.  fcetida  Cav.  Ic. 
L  7,  #.  9,  10  (1791)  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1638.     Cucumis  acutangulus 
L.  Sp.  PL   1011   (1753);  Jacq.  Hort.  Vindob.  Hi.  40,  it.  73,  74. 
Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

East   Indian   Ochra. 

March. — Native  of  tropical  Asia'and  tropical  Africa.  Cultivated  and 
subspontaneous  in  all  tropical  countries. 

Description  as  in  L.  cylindrica,  except  in  the  following  points:— 
Leaves  cordate-roundish,  palmately  5-7-angled  or  sub-lobed.  Calyx-tube 
5-angled,  segments  keeled.  Petals  obcordiforrn,  emarginate  at  apex, 
mucronulate,  slightly  veined,  2  cm.  L,  2-2-5cm.br.  Stamens  3;  filaments 
3-4  mm.  1.  Fruit  club-shaped,  apex  obtuse  or  shortly  acute,  acutely 
10-ribbed.  Seeds  rough,  not  winged,  slightly  2-lobed  at  base. 

The  fruit  of  both  species  while  still  young,  and  not  more  than  4  inches 
long,  is  an  excellent  vegetable.  It  is  peeled,  boiled,  and  served  dressed 
with  butter,  pepper,  and  salt,  or  is  used  as  an  ingredient  in  curries.  The 
fibrous  coat  is  used  in  baths  as  a  flesh-brush.] 

3.  CUCUMIS  L. 

Annual  herbs,  or  with  perennial  rootstock ;  stem  trailing 
along  the  ground  or  climbing  over  shrubs ;  hispid  or  roughish. 


262 


FLOUA    OF   JAMAICA 


Cucumis 


Leaves  deeply  cut  or  angular,  toothed  or  palmately  3-7-lobed. 
Tendrils  simple.  Flowers  yellow,  monoecious  or  rarely  dioecious. 
Male  flowers  clustered  or  rarely  solitary.  Calyx-tube  bell-shaped 
or  top-shaped  ;  limb  5-lobed.  Corolla  somewhat  bell-shaped, 
•Vparted.  Stamens  3,  free,  inserted  on  the  calyx-tube;  anthers, 
one  1-celled,  rest  2-celled,  cells  linear,  iiexuose  or  curved,  rarely 
straight,  the  connection  prolonged  above  into  a  papillose 
appendage.  Ovary  represented  by  a  gland.  Female  flowers 
solitary.  Calyx  and  corolla  as  in  male  fls.  Staminodes  3.  Ovary 
with  3-5  placentas  ;  stigmas  3-5  ;  ovules  numerous,  horizontal. 
Fruit  of  various  shapes,  usually  not  opening,  with  many  seeds. 

Species  about  40,  mostly  natives  of  tropical  Asia  and  Africa, 
very  few  of  America  and  Australia. 


C.  Anguria  L.  %  PL  1011  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  383;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii  133;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  288;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  5817  ; 
Cogn.  in  Fl.  Bras.  m.  pt.  4,  16,  -t.  2  &,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  501  ; 
Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  1137.  C.  sylvestris  &c.  Phik.  Phyt.  t,  170,  /.  3. 


D 


Fig.  100.— Cucumis  Anguria  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf,  tendril,  C,  Stamen  much  enlarged. 

and  male  and  female  flowers,  X  3.  D,  Fruit  X  f . 

B,  Male  flower  X  3.  E,  Ditto  cut  across  x  jj. 

(B-E  after  Bot.  Mag.) 


Cucumis  CUCURBITACE^;  263 

C.  angurise  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  103  &  Hist.  i.  227.  C.  subhirsutus  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  353.  C.  jamaicensis  Gandoger  in  Bull.  Soc. 
Bot.  Fr.  Ixv.  28  (1918).  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by 
Linnaeus.  Specimen  from  Plukenet  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Hb. 
Sloane  xcv.  200).  (Fig.  100.) 

Wild   Cucumber,  West   Indian   Gherkin. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  74,  75 !  Broughton  \  Macfadyen ;  Kingston,  Prior  \ 
Hope  grounds,  700  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6650,  6820,  6967,  9043.— West 
Indies,  tropical  and  subtropical  continental  America  from  Texas  and  Florida. 

Annual  herb.  Stem  3-6  ft.  1.,  angled,  rough,  hispid,  with  long  white 
hairs.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  3-lobed  with  the  side  lobes  divided  again, 
margin  wavy,  with  small  teeth,  base  cordate,  lobes  obtuse,  somewhat 
obovate,  sometimes  lobulate.  Flowers  small,  yellow.  Male  flowers : 
Peduncle  1-2  cm.  1.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  1.  Anthers  :  appendage  deeply  2-lobed, 
lobes  lobulate.  Female  flowers  :  Peduncle  5-10  cm.  1.  Fruit  the  size  and 
shape  of  a  hen's  egg,  pale  yellow,  more  or  less  covered  with  prickles,  not 
opening. 

"  This  fruit  is  eaten  very  greedily  by  sheep  and  all  manner  of  cattle, 
and  they  are  thought  to  thrive  extremely  by  feeding  on  them.  The  fruit 
is  likewise  eat  in  lieu  of  our  European  cucumbers,  are  very  cooling,  and 
equal,  if  not  exceed,  them  in  everything."  (Sloane.}  This  is  a  very 
wholesome  vegetable,  dressed  plain,  or  in  stews  or  soups.  It  is  also 
esteemed  as  a  pickle.  (Macfadyen.) 

C.  Melo  L.  Sp.  PI.  1011  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  383,  the  M  e  lo  n,  is  cultivated. 
Annual;  leaves  8-15  cm.  L,  5-angled  or  3-7-lobed,  base  cordate,  hairy  on 
both  sides ;  ovary  densely  and  smoothly  villose ;  fruit  of  many  forms, 
smooth,  pubescent  or  glabrate. — Macf.  Jam.  ii.  132 ;  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  482. 
Melo  fructu  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  353.  C.  jamaicensis  Bert,  ex  Spreng. 
Syst.  Hi.  46  (1826). 

C.  sativus  L.  Sp.  PL  1012  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  383,  the  Cucumber,  is 
cultivated.  Annual;  leaves  12-18  cm.  L,  palmately  3-5-lobed,  lobes 
triangular,  toothed,  acute  and  acuminate,  hairy  on  both  sides ;  fruit 
mostly  oblong,  3-cornered  or  cylindrical,  sparsely  tuberculate,  when  ripe 
sometimes  almost  or  quite  smooth. — Mac/.  Jam.  ii.  133  ;  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  498. 
C.  sativus  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  353. 

[CITRULLUS  Schrad. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  musky  or  fetid,  trailing  along  the 
ground.  Leaves  deeply  3-5-lobed,  lobes  lobulate.  Tendrils 
2-branched.  Flowers  rather  large,  yellow,  monoecious,  all  generally 
solitary.  Male  fl.  :  Calyx-tube  broadly  bell-shaped,  limb  5-lobed. 
Corolla  somewhat  bell-shaped,  deeply  5-parted.  Stamens  3  ; 
anthers,  one  1 -celled,  rest  2-celled,  cells  linear,  flexuose,  connective 
not  prolonged.  Ovary  represented  by  a  gland.  Female  fl.  : 
Calyx  and  corolla  as  in  male  fl.  Staminodes  3.  Ovary  with 
3  placentas ;  stigmas  3 ;  ovules  numerous,  horizontal.  Fruit 
globose  or  oblong,  not  opening. 

Species  2,  natives  of  the  eastern  Mediterranean  region, 
tropical  Africa,  and  West  Asia  ;  cultivated  in  all  tropical  and 
subtropical  regions. 


-('4  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Citrullus 

C.  vulgaris  Sclirad.  in  Linnxa  xii.  412  (1838) ;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
.  Hi.  508.  Anguria  prima  Citrullus  dicta  Sloane  Cat.  101 
&  Hist.  1.  226.  Cucurbita  Citrullus  L.  Sp.  PL  1010  (17.13); 
Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  v.  4,  /.  305.  Cucumis  trilobus  L.  Amoen.  v.  383. 
C.  Citrullus  Ser.  ex  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  301  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  134. 
C.  foliis  multipartitis  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  353.  Specimen  in  Her)). 
Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Water   Melon. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  73 ! — Native  of  tropical  and  south  Africa ;  cultivated 
and  subspontaneous  in  all  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. 

Annual.  Stem  hairy.  Leaves  8-20  cm.  L,  deeply  cut  into  3  segments, 
segments  pinnately  or  bipinnately  cut,  lobes  with  wavy  margin  or  more 
or  less  lobulate,  on  both  sides  somewhat  rough.  Ovary  woolly.  Fruit 
subglobose  or  ellipsoidal,  flesh  sweet  and  edible,  sometimes  bitter  at  the 
bottom.  Seeds  generally  marginate. 

The  pulp  is  of  a  red  colour  with  the  cells  filled  with  watery  fluid,  so 
that  it  dissolves  nearly  entirely  in  the  mouth,  whence  the  name  Water 
Melon.  It  is  given  with  advantage  in  fever.  It  is  slightly  laxative. 
(Macfadyen.) 

This  species  is  nearly  allied  to  C.  Colocynthis  Schrad.,  the  Colocynth 
plant.] 

4.  CIONOSICYS  Griseb. 

Glabrous  herbs,  high  climbing.  Leaves  membranous,  cordate 
or  subcordate  at  base,  broadly  ovate,  acuminate,  entire  or  3-lobed. 
Tendrils  simple,  dilated  towards  apex.  Flowers  large,  long- 
stalked  with  a  joint  below  the  flower,  all  solitary,  monoscious. 
Male  fl.  :  Calyx-tube  top-shaped  or  funnel-shaped.  Sepals  5, 
rather  large,  leathery,  ovate-  or  oblong-lanceolate.  Corolla 
funnel-shaped-rotate,  5-parted,  segments  ample,  obovate,  ribbed. 
Stamens  3-5;  filaments  free,  hirsute,  inserted  into  the  base  of 
the  corolla;  anthers  all  united  in  a  cylindrical  column,  which 
is  shortly  exceeded  by  5  connectival  lobes,  cells  conduplicate. 
Female  fl. :  Calyx-tube  cup-shaped.  Corolla  as  in  the  male. 
Ovary  with  3  placentas  ;  stigmas  3,  bent  back,  leafy ;  ovules 
numerous,  horizontal.  Fruit  roundish-ovoid,  fleshy,  yellowish, 
glabrous.  Seeds  numerous. 
Species  1,  native  of  Jamaica. 

C.  pomiformis  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  288  (1860);  Gogn.  in 
DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  516.  Trichosanthes  foliis  denticulatis  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  354 ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  T.  pomi- 
formis Macf.  Jam,  ii.  144  (1850).  Climbing  Melon  Rev.  J. 
Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  (Fig.  101.) 

Wild  Melon. 

In  fl.  Oct. -May;  Browne;  Wright  I  Brouglitonl  Shakespcar  I  Mac- 
fadyen ;  Distin  \  St.  Mary,  McNab  \  Wilson  \  Wullschlaegel ;  Moneague, 
Prior !  Cinchona,  J.P.  638,  Morris !  also  Fawcctt !  road  from  Orchard  to 
Mocha,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  2500  ft.;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.;  Hardware  Gap, 


Cionosicijs 


CUCUB.BITACE.'E 


265 


4000  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5862,  8534,  10,130;  foot  of  John  Crow  (Blake) 
Mts.,  Norman  ! — Isle  of  Pines. 

Stem  slender,  angular,  glabrous.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  3-nerved  with 
lateral  nerves  2-branched,  remotely  and  minutely  toothed.  Peduncles  of 
male  n.  4-5  cm.  1.,  of  female  fl.  about  1-5  cm.  1.  Flowers  greenish-white. 


Fig.  101. — Cionosicys  pomiformis  Griseb. 
A,  Portion  of  branch,  with  leaf,  tendril.        D,  Fruit  cut  across  X  §. 


and  female  flower,  x  |. 

B,  Male  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  f. 

C,  Pollen  grain  x  75. 


E,  Seed  with  part  of  the  coat  removed, 
nat.  size. 

(U  after  A.  Robinson.) 


Male  flowers  :  Calyx-tube  narrowed  to  base,  10-12  mm.  1. ;  sepals  12 
mm.  1.,  acute.  Corolla  about  4  cm.  L,  tomentose.  Female  flowers  : 
Peduncle  shorter  than  male.  Calyx-tube  I  cm.  1. ;  sepals  5mm.  1.,  lanceo- 
late. Corolla  3 '5-4  cm.  1.,  outside  papillose,  inside  hairy.  Fruit  the 
size  of  an  orange,  "yellow  (when  ripe),  3-celled ;  cells  9-seeded.  Seeds 
imbedded  in  pulp  "  (Macfadyen),  about  12  mm.  1. 


[LAGENARIA  Ser. 

Annual  herbs,  high  climbing,  softly  pubescent,  smelling  of 
musk.  Leaves  roundish-cordate,  toothed ;  petiole  with  2  glands 
next  the  leaf.  Tendrils  2-branched.  Flowers  large,  white, 
nioncecious,  all  solitary,  long-stalked.  Fruit  not  opening,  of 
various  shapes  and  sizes,  woody,  with  a  spongy  flesh.  Seeds 
numerous,  compressed,  margined. 

Species  1,  native  of  tropical  Asia  and  Africa,  cultivated 
everywhere  in  warm  climates. 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Lagcnaria 

L.  vulgaris  Ser.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Geneve,  Hi.  pi.  1,  29,  t.  2  (1825) ; 
Macf.  Jam.  ii  131  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  288;  Cocjn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  Phan.  Hi.  417;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  614.  Lagenaria 
lagenaria  Coclcer.  in  Bull  Torr.  Club  xix.  95  (1892);  Small  Fl. 
S.E.  U.S.  1137.  Cucurbita  lagenaria  L.  %  PL  1010  (1753)  & 
Amcen.  v.  383  ;  Wriglit  Mem.  300  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  376.  Cucur- 
bita itc.  &/oane  6\zf.  100,  101  &  H/s*.  i.  225,  226.  C.  villosa  &c. 
«t  C.  fructu  maximo  Arc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam  354  ;  Descourt.  Fl. 
Ant.  v.  85,  f.  325. 

Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Bottle  Gourd. 

Sloane  Herb.  iv.  70  (seeds  only) !  Ramble,  Claremont,  Fawcett  & 
Harris  1  Fl.  Jam.  7034. — Tropical  Africa  and  Asia.  Cultivated  and  sub- 
spontaneous  throughout  the  tropics. 

Leaves  1-4  dm.  br. ;  petiole  shorter  than  the  limb.  Peduncle  of  male 
fls.  longer  than  the  petiole,  of  the  female  fls.  as  long  or  shorter.  Male  fls.: 
Calyx  1-5-2-5  cm.  1.  Petals  3-4  cm.  L] 

5.  SICANA  Naud. 

Annual  climbing  herbs.  Leaves  palmately  deeply  3-5-lobed. 
Tendrils  with  3-5  branches.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  monoecious, 
all  solitary.  Calyx-tube  bell-shaped  ;  lobes  5.  Corolla  broadly 
bell-shaped,  5-lobed.  Male  fl.  :  Stamens  3  ;  anthers  united  in 
Jamaican  species,  cells  twisted  forming  a  head.  Female  fl.  : 
Staminodes  reduced  to  bristles  or  wanting.  Ovary  with  3 
placentas  ;  stigmas  3  ;  ovules  numerous,  horizontal.  Fruit  large, 
fleshy,  not  opening.  Seeds  flattened,  narrowly  winged  or  incon- 
spicuously margined. 

Species  2,  one  a  native  of  Jamaica,  the  other  of  tropical 
S.  America. 

S.  spheriea  Hook.  f.  in  Eot.  Mag.  t.  7109  (1890);  drawings 
by  J.  H.  Hart  ined.  in  Herb.  Kew.  Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

(Fig.  102.) 

Latimer  Cinchona  plantations,  Blue  Mts.,  5000  ft.,  Morris !  also 
Fawcett ! 

Branclileis  puberulous.  Leaves  8-12  cm.  in  diam.,  glabrous  or  dotted, 
base  cordate  with  a  deep  rounded  bay,  deeply  3-5-lobed,  lobes  ovate,  long 
acuminate,  entire  or  with  small  teeth.  Tendrils  3-branched,  tips  dilated. 
Peduncles  solitary.  Calyx  pubescent  or  tomentose;  lobes  ovate,  spreading. 
Corolla  7-8  cm.  L,  pubescent  outside,  tomentose  inside.  Male  flowers  : 
Filaments  free,  very  short,  glabrous ;  anthers  in  a  subglobose  head.  Female 
flowers :  Ovary  cylindrical.  Fruit  globose,  about  the  size  of  a  small 
orange,  glabrous.  Seeds  narrowly  winged. 

Coceinia  grandis  Eoem.  Syn.  Monogr.  fasc.  2,  93  (1846).  C.  cordifolia 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  529  (1881),  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  has 
been  found  naturalized  near  Kingston,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  12,533.  Leaves 
ovate-cordate,  5-angled  or  -lobed.  Flowers  all  solitary,  large,  bell-shaped, 
white.  Fruit  5  cm.  L,  rounded-ellipsoidal,  red  with  reddish  pulp. 


Sicana 


CUCURBITACE^E 


267 


lig.  102. — Sicana  spherica  Hook.  f. 

A,  Leaf  with  tendril  and  female  flower  x  -?.        B,  Stamens  of  male  flower,  enlarged.! 

(B  after  Hooker  fll.) 

6.  CAYAPONIA  Manso. 

Herbs  climbing  or  very  rarely  prostrate,  with  a  perennial  root- 
stock.  Leaves  palmately  3-7-lobed  (upper  entire  in  C.  roc<- 
mosa),  occasionally  with  3-5  leaflets,  very  rarely  all  entire. 
Tendrils  generally  with  2-5  branches.  Flowers  usually  small, 
monoecious  or  very  rarely  dioecious,  usually  in  panicles  or  racemes. 
Male  ns.  :  Calyx-tube  bell-shaped  ;  limb  5-toothed  or  deeply 
5-cleft.  Corolla  bell-shaped  or  rotate,  5-parted,  segments  ovate 
or  oblong.  Stamens  3,  inserted  on  the  receptacle  ;  anthers 
usually  cohering  in  a  cylindrical  column,  one  1-celled,  the  rest 
2-celled,  cells  flexuose.  Female  fls.  :  Calyx  and  corolla  as  in 


268 


FLO  I!  A    OF   JAMAICA 


male   tls.      Staminodes  •">,  minute.      Ovary  usually  M-rdled  ;  style 
inserted  in  a  basilar  disk  ;  stigmas  .">,  dilated  :   o\  ules  1-4  in  tin 
celK.  a-'-rndin^  from  tin-  base.      Fruit  ellipsoidal  or  globose,  not 
opening,  with  3  (1-12)  seeds.      Seeds  erect,  with  a  hard  coat. 

Species  70,  natives  chielly  of  tropical  S.  America,  also  of 
West  Indies,  Central  America,  subtropical  N.  America  and 
AY.  Africa. 

C.  raeemosa  Coyn.  in  DC.  Moim<(r.  /'//.  768  (1881)  ;  Urb.  Syiitb. 
Ant.  iv.  614  «k  viii.  697  :  Britt.  <(•  Millsp.  Bali.  FL  427.  Bryonia 


Fig.  103. — Cayaponia  raeemosa  Cogn. 

A,  Leaf  with  inflorescence  and  tendril  x  J.        D,  Female  flower  ;  s,  starainodes  ;  d,  disk  ; 

B,  Male  flower  x  2.  X  4. 

C,  Male  flower  cut  open.  E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  2  ;  c,  hard  coat 

of  seed. 


Cayaponia  CUCURBIT  ACE^E  269 

racemosa  foliis  ticulneis  Plum.  Dcscr.  83,  t.  97.  B.  racernosa 
Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8;  Sw.  Prodr.  116  &  Fl.  Lid,  Occ.  1148  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  137.  B.  foliis  hirtis  &c.  Broivnc  Hist.  Jam.  355.  Bryone 
d'Amerique  Descourt.  FL  Ant.  it.  281,  t.  136.  Cionandra  race- 
mosa Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  286  (1860). 

Wild  C  e  r  a  s  e  e,  Mountain  B  r  y  o  n  y . 

Wright !  Macfadycn  \  Distin  !  Purdie  \  March  \  Prior  !  Montego  Bay, 
McCattyl  Liguanea  plain,  Campbell  \  Ramble,  Clareniont,  Fawcett  & 
Harris  !  Giddy  Hall,  Fawcett  \  Halls  Delight,  St.  Andrew,  1200  ft.,  Harris  ! 
PL  Jam.  10,076,  10,107.  (Fig.  103.)— Cuba  to  Tortola,  Tobago,  Trinidad, 
Central  America,  Guiana,  Venezuela. 

Stem  somewhat  woody,  often  high-climbing,  to  20  ft.  1.  Leaves  very 
variable,  6-13  cm.  1.,  upper  entire  or  nearly  so,  lower  more  or  less  3-5-lobed, 
rough  on  upper  surface,  puberulous  or  glabrescent  beneath,  running  into 
the  petiole  and  more  or  less  glandular  beneath  at  base ;  petioles  2-7  cm.  1. 
Tendrils  with  2  or  3  branches.  Flowers  yellowish-green,  male  and  female 
on  the  same  panicle  (often  leafy).  Male  flowers :  Calyx-tube  3  mm.  1., 
•  teeth  about  1  mm.  1.  Corolla  about  *5  cm.  1.  Female  flowers:  Calyx: 
tube  1*5  mm.  1.,  teeth  '5  mm.  1.  Corolla  3  mm.  1.  Fruit  1-1  '5  cm.  1., 
ellipsoidal,  reddish-orange  when  ripe. 

All  parts  of  the  plant  are  intensely  bitter. 

7.  FEVILLEA  L. 

Climbing  shrubs.  Leaves  cordate,  palmately  lobed  or  angled, 
membranous.  Tendrils  lateral,  2-branched  at  apex.  Peduncles 
collateral  with  tendrils  and  leaves.  Flowers  small,  in  hanging 
panicles,  yellow  or  greenish,  dioacious.  Male  fls.  :  Calyx-tube 
short,  bell-shaped  or  cup-like ;  sepals  5.  Petals  5,  clawed, 
spreading,  with  an  erect  longitudinal  tongue  along  the  midrib. 
Staminodes  5,  minute,  between  the  petals,  united  to  the 
sepals.  Stamens  5,  in  the  centre  of  the  receptacle ;  anthers 
1-celled  opening  by  a  longitudinal  slit,  connective  broad. 
Female  fls.  :  Calyx  as  in  male  fls.  Petals  5,  clawed,  spreading. 
Staminodes  5  or  more ;  20  very  small  glands  at  base  of  petals. 
Ovary  3-celled,  sometimes  free  at  apex ;  styles  3 ;  stigmas 
2-lobed ;  ovules  6  or  fewer  in  each  cell,  hanging  from  the 
margins  of  the  carpels.  Fruit  large,  ringed  above  the  middle 
with  the  scar  of  the  fallen  calyx-limb,  3-celled  below,  marked 
writh  3  radiating  lines  at  the  apex.  Seeds  indefinite,  large, 
hanging  from  the  margins  of  the  placentas  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  cell,  overlapping,  compressed,  roundish  in  outline  ;  cotyledons 
large,  round  in  outline. 

Species  7,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America. 

F.  cordifolia  L.  Sp.  PL  1013  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  383;  Sw. 
Obs.  377;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  129;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  289 ; 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  Hi.  941  &  in  Engler's  Pflzr.  Cucurbitacese — • 
Fevi1lese7;  Baill.  Hist,  PL  viii.  378,  379,  Jigs.  212-217;  Urb. 
Syinb.  Ant.  iv.  610  &  viii.  693  ;  Guppy  Plants  .  .  .  W.  Indies  &c. 


270 


FL'tKA    OF    JAMAICA 


/  <  villea 


1-4.  I-'.  Triloltata  /,.  >'//.  /V.  1014  (17-~>3)  (so  far  as  regards  syn. 
Shxtii.  x  hab.  Jamaica).  F.  scandens  L.  Sp.  PJ.  e<l.  '2,  1457  (1763) 
A-  var.  /;,'  (so  far'  as  regards  svn.  Sloan.}:  Wriylit  Mem.  211. 


E 


Fig.  W4.—Fevillea  cordifolia  L. 


A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and  flowers        E,  Stamen:    anther-cell    about    to    open 

along  median  line,  enlarged. 
F,  Female  flower  of  F.  trilobata  cut  length- 
wise ;  s,  staminode  ;  x  2. 


B.  Leaf  from  another  part  of  branch  x  J. 
•  •.  Male  flower  X  2. 


U.  Stamen  from  back  showing  connective        G,  Fruit  cut  open  along  the  scar  of  fallen 


and    one    of    the  walls  of  the  ripe 
anther-cell  bent  back,  enlarged. 


calyx,  showing  seeds  inside,  x  K 
H,  Seed  x  J. 

I,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  '. 
[(F,  I  after  Baillon.) 


F.  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  374  ;  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.} 
203,  t.  209  &  It.  or'tg.  ined.  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Hi.  tt.  155,  156'. 
Ghandiroba  vel  Nhandiroba  Sloane  Cat.  85  &  Hist.  i.  200. 


Fevillea  CUCURBITACE^E  '211 

Nhandiroba  scandens  &c.  Plum.  Nov.  Gen.  20,  /.  27.  Xan- 
dhirobe  ifec.  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  Hi.  216,  t.  198.  Antidote  cocoon 
Rev.  J.  Lindsay,  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  (Fig.  104.) 

Antidote  Cocoon. 

Wiles !  Macfadyenl   Cave  R.,  St.  Ann,  Purdicl  St.  Thomas   in   Vale, 
Priori  Lancaster;'  Hope  Gardens;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5600,8381,8382.- 
West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Stem  perennial,  climbing  over  tops  of  trees.  Leaves  cordate  at  base, 
early  leaves  undivided,  ovate,  those  towards  the  ends  of  branches  5-angled 
or  more  or  less  lobed,  glabrous,  7-17  cm.  1. ;  petioles  3-7  cm.  1.  Tendrils 
very  long.  Male  common  peduncle  puberulous,  many-flowered,  20-60  cm.  1. 
Sepals  2  mm.  1.  Petals  dusky  orange,  ovate-roundish,  4  mm.  1.  Fruit 
globose,  russefc,  hard,  10-12  cm.  in  diam.  Seeds  10-12,  yellowish-grey, 
smooth,  margin  acute  or  shortly  winged,  5*5-6  cm.  br.,  2  cm.  thick. 

The  seeds  abound  in  oil,  burn  freely  when  ignited,  and  put  on  skewers 
have  been  used  instead  of  candles ;  the  expressed  oil  gives  a  clear  light 
when  burnt  in  lamps.  (Macfadyen.) 

FAMILY  LXXXIII.     CACTACE^]. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  usually  succulent,  with  distinct  spine- 
bearing  areas  ("areoles").  Stem  elongate,  branching,  or  reduced 
to  a  cone,  globe,  or  column,  rounded,  angular,  ribbed,  or  bearing 
tubercles  (shortened  branches),  fleshy  inside,  with  a  cylinder 
composed  of  a  network  of  woody  fibres  running  through,  and 
with  a  very  wide  pith  ;  the  ribs  and  tubercles  dotted  with  small 
woolly  cushions  (areoles)  scattered  or  in  a  series  and  bearing- 
sharp  points  or  spines.  Spines  of  many  forms,  smooth  or  trans- 
versely ribbed,  straight  or  hooked,  sometimes  covered  with  a 
loose  epidermis,  some  barbed  at  the  apex  in  Opuntia  and  Nopalea. 
Leaves  usually  minute,  scale-like,  soon  falling,  arising  in  the 
small  cushions,  large  only  in  Pereskia.  Stipules  wanting. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite,  usually  regular,  solitary  (except  in 
Pereskia),  sessile,  axillary,  terminal,  or  inserted  on  the  ribs  or 
in  the  notches  of  a  crenate  stem,  usually  showy.  Calyx-tube 
short  or  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary ;  lobes  indefinite,  often 
numerous  and  in  many  series,  scale-like,  leafy  or  petaloid,  over- 
lapping. Petals  indefinite  in  number,  generally  numerous  and 
in  many  series,  the  outer  not  distinct  from  the  calyx-lobes,  free 
or  united  into  a  short  tube,  erect  or  spreading,  overlapping. 
Stamens  very  numerous  and  in  many  series,  inserted  at  the 
throat  of  the  calyx,  free  or  adherent  to  the  base  of  the  petals ; 
filaments  thread-like,  free  or  the  outer  adherent  to  the  calyx- 
tube  on  one  side  or  all  round,  of  equal  length  or  the  outer  longer. 
Ovary  sunk  in  the  stem  or  free,  smooth  or  with  scale-like  bracts 
on  the  outside,  or  areolate,  1-celled.  Style  elongate,  terminal, 
simple ;  stigma  with  2  or  more  rays,  rays  usually  spreading, 
linear,  tuberculate  on  the  surface.  Ovules  very  many,  on 
indefinite  placentas  on  the  ovary-walls,  horizontal,  anatropous. 


272  FLOUA  OF  JAMAICA  Pereskia 

1  Jerry  pulpy,  smooth,  scaly,  with  or  without  areoles,  apex 
depressed  or  erowned  with  UK*  withered  perianth,  1-celled, 
plarentas  )'iilpy,  witli  indefinite  seeds.  Seeds  hard  and  brittle  or 
l)ony  ;  endosperm  present  or  wanting.  Kinbryo  bent  or  straight. 
Cotyledons  leaf -like  or  .-careely  differentiated. 

Species  about  1500,  growing  in  great  plenty  in  tropical  and 
subtropical  America,  a  few  also  in  Chile;  one  or  more  species  of 
rjtipxalis  native  in  tropical  Africa,  Mauritius,  and  Ceylon;  a 
few  species  of  Ojnintia  and  No^/ft/rd  introduced  into  the  Old 
World,  and  now  widely  spread. 

Leaves  broad,  flat.     Flowers  stalked.     Plants  woody 1.  Pereskia. 

Leaves  not  broad,  usually  small  and  soon  dropping  off,  or 

wanting.     Flowers  without  stalks.     Plants  fleshy. 
"With   many  branches  and  joints,  without  ribs;    joints 
flattened ;    areoles  spine-bearing.     Flowers  without 
a  tube. 
Sepals  and  petals  erect.     Stamens  much  longer  than 

the  petals    2.  Nopalea. 

Sepals  and  petals  rotate.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  petals  3.  Opuntia. 
With  few  branches  and  joints,  ribbed  or  angled ;  areoles 
spine-bearing.      Flowers    funnel-    or    salver-shaped, 
tubular,  or  bell-shaped ;  segments  several  or  many. 
Erect,  with  several  long  joints.     Flowers  and  spines 

borne  at  the  same  areoles  4.  Cereus. 

Short,   without  joints.     Flowers  and  spines  borne  at 
different    areoles ;     flowering    areoles    forming    a 

central  terminal  head 5.  Melocactus. 

With  many  branches  and  joints,  hanging  from  trees  or 

rocks;  spineless.   Flowers  with  few  perianth-segments  6.  PJiipsalis. 

\.  PERESKIA  Miller. 

Woody  shrubs,  or  clambering  vines,  or  trees,  with  rounded 
leafy  branches.  Leaves  alternate,  broad,  flat,  somewhat  fleshy. 
Areoles  in  the  axils,  bearing  spines  in  pairs  or  in  clusters,  neither 
sheathed  nor  barbed.  Flowers  stalked,  solitary,  corymbose,  or 
paniculate,  terminal  or  lateral,  rotate.  Calyx  :  tube  not  prolonged 
beyond  the  ovary ;  lobes  numerous,  leafy,  often  persistent. 
Petals  numerous,  in  indefinite  series,  spreading.  Stamens 
numerous.  Style  slender.  Berry  pear-shaped  or  ovoid,  depressed 
at  the  apex,  scaly  or  bearing  little  cushions.  Cotyledons  large, 
leafy.  Seedlings  without  spines. 

Species  19,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  America. 

P.  aeuleata  Miller  Gard.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768);  Descourt,  Fl 
Ant.  iv.  289,  t.  294;  Bot.  Reg.  t,  1928;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  181; 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ltd.  303;  Bot,  Mag.  t.  7U7 ;  Urb.  Sijmb. 
Ant.  viii.  468.  P.  Pereskia  Karsten  Deutsch.  Fl,  888  (1882) ;  Britt. 
&  Bose  Cact.  i.  10,  t.  2.  P.  aeuleata  flore  &c.  Plum.  Gen.  35,  t.  26  ; 
Cactus  Pereskia  L.  Sp.  PL  469  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  379. 


PeresMa 


CACTACEJ-: 


273 


C.  sarmentosus  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  237.  Grossulariie  fructu 
majore  &c.  Sloane  Gat.  165  &L  Hist.  ii.  86.  Specimen  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linmeus.  (Fig.  105.) 

West   Indian  Gooseberry. 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  98*1 !  Oracabessa,  A.  Bancroft !  Hope  Gardens,  Harris  !- 
West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 


Fig.  IQo.—Pereskia  aculeata  Miller. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and       B,  Flower  about  to  open  x  2. 
flowering  shoot  X  3.  C,  Fruit,  nat.  size. 

(A,  C  after  Britton  &  Rose.) 

Shrub:  branches  trailing  and  climbing  over  bushes,  &c.,  often  10  to 
30  ft.  1.  Spines :  long,  slender,  and  straight,  in  clusters  on  the  stem,  but 
solitary  or  only  2  or  3  together  on  the  lower  part ;  in  pairs  (or  3)  recurved, 
<hort,  in  the  axils  of  leaves.  Leaves  3-7(-10)  cm.  1. ;  elliptical  or  ovate; 
petioles  very  short.  Cymes  paniculate,  many-flowered.  Calyx-tube  spiny. 
Petals  about  2  cm.  1.,  oblong-elliptical,  white,  pale  yellow,  or  pinkish. 
Berry  1-1-5  cm.  in  diam.,  globose,  bearing  the  leafy  sepals  at  apex.  Seed* 
few,  black,  4  or  5  mm.  in  diam. 

Often  cultivated  for  its  fruit. 

Lunan  (Hort.  Jam.  ii.  236)  and  Macfadyen  (loc.  cit.)  state  that  P.  port  it  - 
lacifolia  was  cultivated  in  Jamaica.  Macfadyen  describes  it  as  a  tree  with 
V.  T 


-74  FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA  Percski" 

the  trunk  armed  with  clusters  of  long  spines;  flowers  solitary;  fruit 
without  remnants  of  sepals.  Sloane  describes  the  specimen  seen  by  him 
as  a  tree  with  "  the  face  of  a  Rhamnus  "  about  15  ft.  high  and  well  spread. 
It  grew  near  the  old  monastery  ruins  by  the  town  of  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega. 
It  is  possible  that  this  is  the  same  species  as  the  P.  portulaci folia  quoted 
by  Lunan  and  Macfadycu.  The  specimen  in  Herb,  bloane  appears  to  be 
7'.  aculcata. 

2.  NOPALEA  Salm-Dyck. 

Fleshy  shrubs  with  cylindrical  trunks ;  branches  jointed, 
joints  very  much  flattened,  obovate  or  oblong,  with  scattered 
areoles  bearing  white  wool,  with  small  barbed  spines,  and  often 
long  spines.  Leaves  small,  scale-like,  soon  falling.  Flowers 
solitary  from  the  areole,  at  or  near  the  edges  of  the  joints. 
Calyx-tube  inserted  in  the  depression  at  top  of  ovary  ;  lobes  6-8, 
erect.  Petals  red  or  pinkish,  12-18,  erect,  closely  adpressed 
against  the  numerous  protruding  stamens.  Ovary  with  a  deep 
depression  at  apex,  not  sunk  in  joint ;  surface  tuberculate,  each 
tuberculate  portion  slightly  swollen,  with  an  areole  near  its  apex  ; 
style  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  stamens ;  stigmas  with  5-7 
erect  rays.  Berry  red,  juicy,  pear-shaped,  edible,  usually  spineless. 
Seeds  numerous,  flat,  with  a  thick  bony  raphe. 

Species  7,  natives  of  West  Indies,  Mexico,  and  tropical 
S.  America ;  one  widely  cultivated  in  subtropical  regions  of  the 
Old  World. 

N.  eoehenillifer  Salm-Dyck  Gad.  Hort.  Dyck,  1849,  64  (1850) 
(as  coccinellifera) ;  K.  Schum  in  Fl.  Bras.  iv.  pt.  2,  301,  /.  60  & 
Monogr.  750  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  433  &  viii.  467.  Britt.  &  Eose 
(act.  i.  34,  t.  4,  /.  1.  Cactus  eoehenillifer  L.  Sp.  PL  468  (1753) ; 
Descourt.  FL  Ant.  vii.  273,  t.  516;  Bot.  Mag.  it.  2741,  2742^ 
C.  brachiatus  et  articulatus  subinermis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  237. 
Opuntia  maxima  folio  oblongo  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  194  &  Hist.  ii.  152, 
/.  8,/.  1,  2,  /.  9.  O.  cochinelifera  Mill.  Gard.  Diet,  ed.  8  (1768)  ; 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  179  ;  Griseb.  op.  cit.  302.  Tuna  mitior  etc.  Dill. 
fflth.  399,  t.  297.  Upright  Prickly  Pear  Eev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  &  Ms. 
(Fig.  106.) 

Wuttschlaegel ;  Harris  !  Bog  Walk ;  Lucea;  Hitchcock  I  Fl.  Jam.  5614. — 
Cultivated  and  spontaneous  in  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America ;  introduced  into  many  parts  of  the  Old  World  ;  original  habitat 
unknown. 

Tall  plants,  often  9  to  12  ft.  high,  trunks  to  8  in.  thick ;  branches  of 
ascending  or  spreading  obovate-oblong  joints,  sometimes  1|  ft.  1.  Areoles 
very  distant,  small,  roundish.  Spines  wanting,  or  a  few  small  ones  at 
first  on  the  older  joints ;  small  barbed  spines  numerous,  soon  falling. 
Flowers  crimson,  several  appearing  usually  near  the  top  of  the  joint 
especially  at  the  edges,  from  base  of  ovary  to  tip  of  style  5*5-7  cm.  1. 
Ovary  semi-ellipsoidal,  about  3  cm.  1.  Fruit  red,  about  5  cm.  1. 

The  specific  name  was  given  because  it  is  the  chief  species  of  cactus  on 
which  the  cochineal  insect  was  grown.  The  Spaniards  found  the  cochineal 
industry  established  when  they  conquered  Mexico  in  1518.  The  plantations 


Nopalea 


CACTACE^E 


275 


of  the  cactus  plants  were  called  nopalries,  after  the  Mexican  name  for  the 
plant,  Nopal ;  one  is  figured  in  Sloane  Hist.  ii.  t.  9.  Browne  states  that 
this  cactus  plant  is  "  more  rare  than  any  of  the  rest." 


Fig.  106. — Nopalea  cochenillifer  Salm-Dyck. 

A,  Flower  removed  from  ovary,  nat.  size.         C,  Ovary  with  base  of  style,  nat.  size. 

B,  Ditto   cut   lengthwise    and    style    re-       D,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 

moved,  nat.  size. 

3.  OPUNTIA  Miller. 

Sometimes  tree-like,  the  stem  branching  in  older  plants  from 
a  cylindrical  base,  more  often  much  branched  from  the  ground, 
branches  jointed,  flat,  globose  to  subcylindrical ;  areoles  bearing 
leaves,  spines,  very  short  barbed  bristles,  hairs,  and  flowers. 
Leaves  scale-like,  soon  falling.  Flowers  usually  one  at  an  areole, 
yellow,  red,  or  purple.  Calyx :  lobes  numerous,  outer  scale-like 
or  leaf-like,  adherent  to  the  ovary,  inner  short,  flat.  Petals 
united  at  the  base,  spreading.  Stamens  :  filaments  shorter  than 
the  petals,  free  or  combined.  Ovary  not  sunk  in  tissue  of  joint, 
glabrous,  with  areoles ;  style  cylindrical,  scarcely  overtopping  the 


1*70 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


( >l >u  a  I  i 


stamens,  thicker  below,  hollow  ;il)ove,  with  '2-7  tliick 
stigmatic  rays.  Uerry  pear-shaped,  depressed  at  apex,  with 
areoles,  with  or  without  spines.  Seeds  compressed  ;  coat  bony  : 
endosperm  little  or  much  ;  cotyledons  leafy. 

Species  about  250,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropiral 
and  subtropical  America,  one  or  two  very  widely  spread  through 
the  Old  World. 

Areoles  with  long  spines. 

Joints  obovate  to  elliptical.     Plants  -2-6  ft.  hi^h. 
Joints  obovate-elliptical.  Spines  yellow,  to  3  -5  cm.  1.  1.  O.  Tuna. 
Joints   obovate  v.'ith   long  tapering  base.     Spines 

white,  to  2-5  cm.  1 2.  0.  jamaiccnxi*. 

Joints  narrowly  oblong.     Plant  to  16  ft.  high,  with 

spiny  trunk    3.  0.  sjnnosissunn. 

Areoles  without  long  spines  (rarely  with  small  solitary 

spines) 4.  O.  Ficus-indica. 

1.  0.  Tuna  Miller  Gard.  Diet.  cd.  8  (1768);  bushy,  much 
branched,  erect;  joints  obovate  or  elliptical ;  areoles  with  3-5  (2-6) 


Pig.  Iff!  .—Opuntia  Tuna  Miller. 

A,  Shoot   with    flower-bud,    flower,    and       I),  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  nat. 

fruit,  x  i.  E,   Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  |.$, 

B,  Areole  with  long  spines  cut,  nat.  size.          F,  Seed  x  3. 

C,  A  small  spine  from  B,  much  enlarged.         G,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise. 


Opuntiu  CACTACE.E  277 

slender  needle-shaped  spines,  yellow  (at  least  when  young) ;  flowers 
yellow;  ovary  1*5-2  cm.  1.;  fruit  red. — Macf.  Jain.  it.  178; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  302  (excl.  hab.  Antigua);  Britt.  &  Rose 
Cad.  i.  113,  figs.  141,  142.  Cactus  Tuna  L.  Sp.  PL  468  (1753). 
C.  brachiatus  et  articulatus  articulis  ovatis  <fec.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  237.  C.  polyanthos  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2691.  Prickly  Pear 
Rev.  J.  Liiirkftij  L.  ,!'•  J/x.  (Fig.  107.) 

• 

Prickly  Pear  (a  name  applied  to  this  and  allied  species). 

"  Confined  to  Jamaica  lowlands  on  southern  side  "  (Britton  &  Rose  I.e.) ; 
near  Kingston ;  Old  Hope  road,  400  ft  ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6y47,  11,632. 

Plants  2-3  ft.  high.  Joints  10-20  cm.  1.  Areoles  large.  Spines : 
longest  2 •  5-3  •  5  cm.  1.  Flowers  about  5  cm.  br.  Sepals  roundish,  yellowish 
with  a  purple  stripe  along  the  centre.  Petals  light  yellow  slightly  tinged 
with  red,  2-2*5  cm.  1.  Fruit  red,  obovoid,  about  3  cm.  1. 

This  species,  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  was  renamed 
0.  liumilis  and  also  O.  poli/antlia.  The  name  0.  Tuna  was  transferred  to 
O.  Dillcnii,  one  of  the  most  common  species,  both  wild  and  cultivated 
(Britton  &  Rose  l.c  }.  In  O.  Dillcnii  the  spines  are  1-4  (to  10  on  areoles  of 
first  year's  joints)  to  7  cm.  1.  Petals  4-5  cm.  1.  Fruit  5-7  cm.  1. 

A  whitewash  is  prepared  by  slicing  the  joints  of  a  Prickly  Pear, 
macerating  them  in  water  for  24  hours,  and  to  this  solution  of  creamy 
consistence  lime  is  added  and  well  mixed  in.  When  the  mixture  is  applied 
to  any  surface,  be  it  wood,  iron,  or  other  material,  a  beautiful  pearly 
white  appearance  is  produced  which  endures  through  rain  for  many  years. 
(Agricultural  News  xvi.  204.)  For  a  study  of  Prickly  Pears  as  a  pest  in 
Agriculture  see  J.  H.  Maiden  in  Agric.  Gaz.  of  N.S.  Wales  ix.  979  (1899). 

2.  0.  jamaieensis   Britt.  <(•  Harr.   Torreya   xi   130   (1911)  ; 
shrubby,  erect ;  branches  several,  ascending  ;  joints  obovate  with 
a  long  tapering  base;  spines  2-3(1-5),  slender,  needle-shaped, 
white  with  yellowish-green  tips  ;  flowers  yellow ;  ovary  2  cm.  1.  ; 
fruit  red.— Britt.  <(•  Rose  Cad.  i  113,  t.  18, /.  4,  5,  t.  19. 

Roadside  plains  near  Salt  Ponds,  St.  Catherine,  Harris  &  Britton ! 
Fl.  Jam.  10,887. 

Plant  3  ft.  high.  Joints  7-13  cm.  1.  Areoles  about  2 '5  cm.  apart. 
Spines  2'5  cm.  1.  or  less  ;  short  spines  barbed.  Flowers  4  cm.  br.  Petals 
light  lemon-yellow  with  a  reddish-brown  streak  at  the  middle,  2'5  cm.  1. 
Fruit  pear-shaped,  3 '5-4  cm.  1. 

3.  0.  spinosissima  Miller  Gard.   Diet.  ed.  ^  (1768);   erect, 
trunk  cylindrical,  not  jointed,  densely  spiny,  giving  oft' pendulous 
branches    4-5  ft.   from    the    ground  ;    joints    narrowly   oblong ; 
spines  in   aeroles    of   joints  3  or  4(1-4),  needle-shaped,  straw- 
coloured     or    whitish,   .minute    barbed    spines    brown,    densely 
covering    the    areoles  :  flowers    at    tirst    yellow,    then    turning 
reddish-orange  :  fruit  red. — 3Lu-f.  Jam.  it.  177  ;  Grisel.  Joe.  cit. ; 
Britt.   <\-  Rose  Cact.   i.   204,  fi<j.   25S,   t.   •">(>.      O.    major    spinosa 
caulescens  foliis  atrovirentibus  longis  et  angustis  pendulis  flore 
rubro   Sloane    Cat.   195    &   ///*/.   ii.   154,  /.  ""224,  /.    L'.      Cactus 
brachiatus  et  articulatus  articulis  oblongo-ovatis  Arc.  Broirnc  7//V. 
Jam.  237.     Prickly  Pear  Tree  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  <(•  J 


278  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Opunfi'i 


Southern  coast;  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  88  ! 

Plants  to  1G  ft.  high,  trunk  often  as  thi<-k  as  a  man's  thigh  with  s 
5cm.  1.  and  more.  Joints  1*5-3  dm.  ].,  5-7  cm.  br.,  their  tn-^oli-s  1  to  2  cm. 
apart.  Flourrs  2'5-3  cm.  br.  l'<  f,ils  about  1  cm.  1.  Ovary  5-6  (3-8)  cm.  1., 
narrowing  to  a  stalk-like  base. 

0.  Dillenii  Hawortli  S/i}>pl.  PL  Slice.  79  (1819);  joints  obovate,  I". 
(7-40);  areoles  with  l-4(-10)  stout  spines  yellow  and  somewhat  mottled 
with  brown,  commonly  flattened,  longest  usually  3  cm.  1.,  sometimes  to 
7  cm.  1.  ;  petals  yellow  tinged  with  red,  4-5  cm.  1.  ;  fruit  red-purplish, 
5-7-5  cm.  l.—Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  255  ;  Britt.  <C  Mill*)*.  Buh.  Fl.  29G;  Britf.  «!• 
Pose  Cact.  i.  102,  f.  201,  /.  28,  /.  2,  t.  29,  f.  2.  Tuna  major  &c.  l>ill. 
Eltli.  ii.  398,  /.  296.  Cactus  Dillenii  Ker-Qawl  Bot.  Jlcg.  t.  255  (1818). 
Cactier  en  Raquette  Dcscourt.  Fl.  Ant.  vii.  262,  /.  513  (1829). 

Prickly  Pear. 

Possibly  occurring  in  Jamaica.  —  Coasts  of  S.  Carolina,  Florida,  Ber- 
muda, West  Indies,  east  coast  of  Mexico,  northern  S.  America. 

Bushy-branched,  1^-5  ft.  high.  Areoles  somewhat  elevated.  Fruit 
pear-shaped,  edible. 

4.  0.  Fieus-indiea  Miller  Gard.  Dirt.  <><l.  8  (1768)  ;  lai_ 
plants,  bushy  or  tree-like  ;  steins  hard  and  woody  with  age  ; 
joints  elliptical,  oblong,  or  obovate,  thick  ;  spineless,  or  areoles 
rarely  with  one  spine  ;  flowers  yellow  ;  ovary  4-5  cm.  1.  :  fruit 
red,  sometimes  white  or  yellow,  edible.  —  Griscl.  FL  Br.  W.  Intl. 
302;  Britt.  &  Hose  Cact.  i.  177,  /.  217,  218.  O.  pseudo-tuna 
Salm-Dyck  ex  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  180  (1850).  Cactus  Ficus-indica 
L.  Sp.  PL  468  (1753). 

Indian  Fig. 

Macfadyen  ;  King's  House  grounds,  J.P.  1308,  Hart  !  Hitchcock.  — 
Native  country  not  known,  but  now  found  cultivated  or  as  an  escape 
throughout  the  tropics  and  subtropics. 

Plants  5  to  15  ft.  high.  Joints  usually  3-5  dm.  1.  Leaves  awl-shaped, 
green,  3  mm.  1.  Areoles  small.  Flowers  7-10  cm.  br.  Fruit  obovoid, 
with  reddish  pulp,  5-9  cm.  L,  with  a  shallow  depression  at  the  apex. 

4.  CEREUS  Miller. 

Stem  short  or  elongate,  erect  or  climbing  or  creeping,  ribbed 
or  angular,  continuous  or  jointed,  simple  or  branched,  bearing 
areoles.  Flowers  lateral,  usually  opening  at  night.  Calyx-tube 
bearing  tomentose  cushions  ;  lobes  numerous,  in  indefinite  series, 
the  outer  scale-like,  inner  elongate,  overlapping  spirally.  Petals 
indefinite,  in  indefinite  series,  recurved-spreading.  Stamens  : 
filaments  attached  to  the  calyx-tube,  included  or  protruding. 
Ovary  not  sunk  in  the  stem,  more  or  less  scaly  ;  style  thread- 
like. Berry  scaly  or  tuberculate,  bearing  areoles.  Seeds 
generally  without  endosperm  ;  cotyledons  parallel  to  the  sides  of 
the  seed,  generally  hooked,  short  or  leafy. 

Species  about  230,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  tropical  and 
subtropical  America. 


Cereus  CACTACE.E  279 

Erect  columnar  plants. 

Stem  and  branches  stout.     Flowers   short-funnel- 
shaped  1.  C.  peruvianus. 

Stem  and  branches  slender.     Flowers  long-tubular- 

fuunel-shaped 2.  C.  gracilis. 

Climbing  plants  with  aerial  roots. 

Stem  3-angled.     Flowers  white 3.  C.  triangular  i* . 

Stem  7-angled.     Flowers  white  4.  C.  grandiflorus. 

Stem     cylindrical,     slightly     10-ribbed.       Flowers 

crimson 5.  C.  flagelliformis . 

1.  C.  peruvianus  Miller   Gard.   Did.   ed.   8   (1768);   Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  174.     C.  crassissimus  fructu  intus  et  extus  rubro  Shane 
Cat.  196  &  Hist.  ii.  157.       C.   Swartzii  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  ln<l. 
.°»01  (1860; ;  Gard.  Citron,  n.s.,  x.  I  So,  fig.  37.     Cactus  peruvianus 
L.  Sp.  PL  467  (1753);    Stv.  Obs.   199.     C.  cylindraceus  erectus 
sulcatus  major  sumrnitate  obtusus  &c.   Browne  Hi*t.  Jam.   238. 
Cephalocereus  Swartzii  Britt.   <£•  Rose  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  xii. 
420  (19U9)  &  Ca<-t.  ii   46.     Leniaireocereus  hystrix  Britt.  &  Hose 
Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  x'ti.  425  (1909)  &  Cart.  ii.  8G,figs.  126-128. 
Large  erect  Indian  Fig  or  Dildo  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  et;  Ms.  ined. 

Dildo. 

Dry  parts  of  Jamaica  on  southern  side. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  and  small 
islands  near  Porto  Kico. 

Plant  tall,  erect,  stout,  simple  or  with  erect  branches,  16-20(-40)  ft. 
high;  trunk  short,  2  ft.  or  more  1.,  5  inches  to  1  ft.  in  diam.,  smooth, 
brownish-yellow  ;  branches  7-10  cm.  in  diam.,  ribbed,  spiny.  Ribs  10  (8-12). 
Areoles  rather  large,  felted.  Spines  gray  with  brown  tips,  stout  needle- 
shaped,  radials  about  10,  central  spines  usually  3,  one  often  longer  than 
the  others  2 '5(4)  cm.  1.  Flowers  short-funnel-shaped,  8-9  cm.  1.  (incl. 
ovary);  tube  5  cm.  1.,  dark  green  to  purplish  above,  bearing  few  short 
broad  scales;  inner  perianth-segments  pinkish  or  white,  spreading  or 
recurved ;  the  perianth  withering  and  at  length  falling  away  from  the 
ripening  fruit.  Ovary  tuberculate,  bearing  usually  small  ovate  scales. 
Fruit  5-6  cm.  1.,  globose,  red,  covered  with  clusters  of  spines  which  soon 
fall,  bursting  when  quite  ripe,  showing  the  dark  red  edible  pulp  and  the 
numerous  black  seeds. 

Cereus  peruvianus  of  Britton  &  Rose  (Cact.  ii.  11)  is  quite  a  different 
plant,  a  native  of  the  south-eastern  coast  of  S.  America.  We  keep  the 
specific  name  for  the  Jamaican  species,  as  we  believe  it  to  be  the  one 
named  by  Linnaeus.  The  plant  referred  to  in  Hortus  Upsaliensis,  120,  is 
said  to  be  a  native  of  Jamaica.  Linnoeus  gives  as  a  syuonym  Cereus 
peruanus  &c.  Bauh.  pin.  458,  and  apparently  concludes  that  the  species 
is  a  native  of  both  Jamaica  and  Peru.  In  Amcen.  v.  379,  he  identifies 
Cactus  peruvianus  with  Browne's  Cactus  "No.  8  (Hist.  Jam.  238). 

We  are  unable  to  follow  Britton  &  Rose  (Cact  ii.  46)  in  regard  to 
C.  Swartzii  Griseb.  as  a  distinct  species  characterized  by  the  want  of 
scales  on  the  ovary.  Sloane,  Swartz,  and  Macfadyen  (also  Grisebach) 
distinguished  only  the  one  species.  The  presence  of  scales  and  spines  on 
the  ovary  and  fruit  would  seem  from  the  description  to  be  a  variable 
character. 

2.  C.  gracilis  MiW-r  Gard.  Dirt.  ed.  8  (1768).     C.  altissiums 
u'racilior  fructu  extus  luteo  intus  niveo  tfcc.  Sloane   (\it.    197  & 

t.  ii.  158.      C.  altissimus  &c.  TrcwPl.  Select,  t.  14.      C.  repandus 


L'ND  FLORA    01'   JAMAICA  GV»v;/-s- 

ll.ncortlt  Sin,.  PL  ,S'//<r.  183  (1812):  />W.  Jfc0.  /.  336  (under 
Cactus);  Macf  .  Jam.  ii.  174  ;  Uriwh.  l<»:  cit.  (mm  L.).  Cactus 
erectus .  .  . temiior  &c.  lirmrin-  J fist.  Jain.  238.  Harrisia  gracilis 
Britt.  Bull.  Ton:  C7w/»  x»a*>,  r>63  (1908) ;  J5r///.  <£•  Rose  Cact,  ii.  151, 
X'A  -21,  222,  /.  20,  /.  1.  H.  undata  Britt.  torn.  cit.  564  (1908). 
Dildo  Pear  Tree  or  Small  erect  Indian  Fig  Her.  J.  Lindsay 
Ic.  &  Ms.  incd. 

Torch- wood. 

Plant  much  branched,  to  20  ft.  high,  dark  green.  Eibs  9-11,  rounded; 
depressions  shallow.  Arcoles  l'5-2  cm.  apart,  with  9-16  needle-like  spines 
(sometimes  fewer),  the  longer  2-2 '5  cm.  1.  Corolla  20  cm.  1. ;  scales  of 
tube  greenish  brown,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  about  2  cm.  1. ; 
subtending  a  few  hairs.  Perianth-segments :  outer  pale  brown,  inner 
white,  denticulate.  Fruit  depressed-globose,  yellow,  about  5  cm.  L,  with 
fattened  tubercles,  each  of  which  has  a  green  scale  in  the  middle  with  or 
without  wool  in  the  axis. 

The  woody  centre  of  the  stems  after  the  decay  of  all  the  soft  parts  "  is 
used  for  a  torch  by  the  Indians  to  catch  fish  in  the  night  time  ;  they  hold 
it  out  of  the  ends  of  their  canoes  lighted,  and,  the  fish  leaping  at  it,  strike 
them  with  their  instruments,  and  great  plenty  of  them  are  caught  so." 
(Sloane.)  The  fruit  is  sometimes  served  up  at  table  with  other  fruit. 
(Browne.) 

C.  eriophorus  Herb.  Berol.  ex  Pfeiffer  Enum.  94  (1837) ;  Pfciffcr  &  Otto 
Cact.  t.  22,  according  to  Grisebach,  occurs  in  Jamaica.  It  is  very  similar 
to  the  previous  species,  but  the  flowers  are  rather  smaller,  and  the 
inner  perianth-segments  are  entire.  Griseb.  loc.  cit. ;  Harrisia  eriophora 
Britton  Bull.  Ton:  Club  xxxv.  562  (1908) ;  Britt.  &  Eosc  Cact.  ii.  149, 
fig.  215,  t.  18. 

3.  C.  triangularis  Haw.  Syn.  PL  Succ.  180  (1812);   Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  175;   Griseb.  loc.  cit.     Ficus  indica  folio  triangulari  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  196  <fe  Hist.  ii.  155.      Cactus  triangularis  L.  £/>.  PL 
468  (17f>3).     C.  debilis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  238.     Hylocereus 
triangularis  Britt.  &  Eose  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  xii.  429  (1909) 
&  Cact.  ii.  192,  f.  269.     Strawberry  Pear  Rev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  & 
Ms.  ined.     (Fig.  108,  c.) 

Prickly  Withe,  God  Ochra. 

On  trees  in  Savanna  woods  near  St.  Jago  de  la  Yega  Sloane  (specimen 
in  Herb.  vii.  83*  from  Philip  Miller,  Chelsea  Garden) !  Wright !  On  rocks, 
stone-walls,  &c.  Macfadyen;  Westphalia  road,  near  Cinchona,  J.P.  1380, 
Morris ! 

High-climbing  or  creeping  plants,  sharply  3-angled,  3-4  cm.  br. ;  giving 
off  numerous  long  aerial  roots.  Areolcs  about  2  cm.  apart,  with  a  few 
short  spines,  6-8  together.  Flowers  20  cm.  1.  or  more,  opening  at  night, 
white.  Perianth-segments:  outer  to  10  cm.  L,  linear;  inner  shorter  and 
broader.  Scales  on  the  ovary  and  tube  linear  from  a  broad  base,  green, 
2-5  cm.  1.  Fruit  crimson,  with  large  persistent  scales,  edible,  10  cm.  1. 

Withes  are  made  from  the  stems.  Fruit  used  as  a  substitute  for  ochras, 
and  even  served  up  at  table  with  other  fruit.  (Browne.) 

4.  C.  grandiflorus  Miller  Gard.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768)  &  Ic.  t.  90, 
Bot.  31<«j.  t.  3381  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  17 5  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit.     C.  gracilis 


Cere  us 


CACTACE^E 


28] 


etc.  Trcic  PL  Ehrrt.  tt.  31,  32.  Cactus  grandiflorus 
L.  Sp.  PL  467  (1753) ;  Dose.  FL  Ant,  /.  L>77,  /.  65.  Selenicereus 
grandiflorus  Britt.  A  Eosc  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xii  430  (1909) 
*fe  Cnct.  ii  197,  /.  32.  /'.  3,  t.  33.  Climbing  Indian  Fig  E<i. 


D 


Fig.  10S. — Cereus  flagelliformis  Miller. 

A,  Portion  of  stem  with  flower  x  jj-         <-'>  Fruit  of  C.  trianitiihiria  Haw. 

JB,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  5.  I),  Seed  of  (?.  grandiflorus  Haw. 

(A,  B  after  Trew  ;  C  after  Scliuiuauu  ;  D  after  Schleiden.) 

J.  Lindsay  Ic.  di  M*.  inc<L  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  grown  in 
Hort.  Upsal.  and  named  by  Lirmasus.  Specimen  in  Hort.  Clirt'. 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  108,  D.) 

Night-blooming  C  ereus. 

Walls,  rocks,  and  tree-trunks;  Wright  I  Macfadycn  ;  Port  Royal  Mt-., 
Jolinson\  Arcadia,  Trelawny,  Faicccttl  Port  Antonio;  Lucea:  Hitch- 
cock.— Cuba. 

Stems  climbing  up  trunks  of  trees,  then  branching  freely,  with  pendulous 
bunches  of  branches  l'5-2'5  cm.  in  diain.,  ribbed,  giving  off  long  aerial 


282  FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA 

roots.     Ribs!  (5-8),  with  rounded  furrows  between.     J/r<>/r.s  small, 
5-12    spines,    5-7(-10)    nun.    1.,    intermixed    with    longer    hairs. 

l\  riii.  1.,  opening  at  night,  fragrant;  tube  12-13  cm.  1. ;  scales  of  ti, 
and  ovary  strap-shaped,  light  yellow,  5-14  mm.  1.,  with  long  brownish 
hairs  in  axils.     Perianth-segments:  outer  narrow,  salmon-coloured,  irn. 
much    broader   and   shorter,   white.     Fruit   roundish-ovoid,   5(-B)   cm.   1., 
orange-coloured  or  yellow,  covered  with  scales  aud  clusters  of  spines  and 
hairs  which  soon  drop  off. 

This   plant,    and   especially  the    flowers,   is   paid  to   be   a   remedy   in 
functional  heart  disease;    see  Phatm.  Journ.  lix.  (4th  ser..  v.)  1G5  (1897). 

5.  C.  flagelliformis  JfiMr  <l<tr<l.  Diet.  ed.  s  (176S);  Grisel. 
IIH-.  cit.  C.  minima  serpens  Arc.  Sloane  Cat.  197  it  Hixt.  it.  158 
C.  minimus  scandens  &c.  Eliret  Plantse,  t.  2,  f.  3  &  Trew  PL 
Select,  t.  30.  Cactus  flagelliformis  L.  Sp.  PL  '467  (1753)  ;  Sir. 
Obs.  Bot.  200;  Tussac  FL  Ant.  ii.  106,  t.  28.  C.  cylindraceus. 
sulcatus,  pusillus  cv:c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  238.  Aporocactus 
flagelliformis  Lcmairc  Illustr.  Hort.  vii,  Misc.  68  (1860);  Britt.  d 
Rose  Cact.  ii.  218,  t.  11,  /.  2.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  grown 
in  Hort.  Upsal.  and  named  by  Linnanis.  (Fig.  108,  A,  B.) 

Stem  6-10  mm.  in  diam.,  whitish  or  glaucous  green,  climbing  up  the 
trunks  of  trees  and  over  rocks  and  walls ;  ribs  10-12,  not  prominent  nor 
acute  in  living  specimens,  but  often  acute  in  shrunken  herbarium 
specimens.  Areolcs  4-6(-8)  mm.  apart  011  the  ribs;  spines  10-16,  bristly 
rather  than  spiny,  2  or  3  in  the  centre  stouter,  often  longer  than  the  rest. 
Flowers  7-8  cm.  L,  crimson;  outer  perianth-segments  narrow,  more  or 
less  reflexed ;  inner  perianth-segments  broad,  only  slightly  spreading. 
Fruit  globose,  10-12  mm.  in  diam.,  red,  bristly. 

Red  Hills  on  road  to  Guanaboa,  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  S3*1,  85  (from 
P.  Miller,  Chelsea) !  On  trees  near  the  sea,  Swart z. — Tropical  continental 
America  (cultivated). 

5.  MELOCACTUS  Link  &  Otto. 

Stem  cone-like  or  subglobose,  fleshy,  flat  at  the  base,  ribbed, 
when  mature  crowned  by  a  narrower  head  densely  woolly, 
bearing  the  flowers ,  ribs  vertical,  9-20,  bearing  clusters  of 
spines.  Head  a  compact  mass  of  slender  stiff  adpressed  bristle.-; 
or  spines,  dark  reddish-orange  (in  M.  communis),  embedded  in 
white  wool.  Flowers  arising  out  of  the  top  of  the  head,  small, 
rose-coloured.  Calyx-tube  cylindrical,  wider  at  the  base,  pro- 
longed beyond  the  ovary ;  lobes  to  24,  small,  attached  to  the 
tube  in  a  series  or  subspirally,  overlapping.  Petals  in  2  or 
series,  combined  at  the  base  into  a  tube,  outer  narrower. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the  calyx-tube,  enclosed.  Ovary  enclosed, 
smooth,  ovoid,  flat  at  the  apex ;  style  thread-like,  with  5  or  more 
stigmatic  rays.  Berry  at  length  protruding,  smooth,  crowned 
with  the  withered  corolla.  Seeds  black,  without  endosperm  : 
embryo  subglobose,  on  germination  2-cleft  at  the  apex. 

Species  18,  natives  of  West  Indies,  Central  America,  Brazil,. 
Colombia,  Peru. 


Mclocactus 


CACTACE.E 


283 


M.  communis  Link  &  Otto  Verli.  Beford.  Gartenb.  Hi.  417, 
/.  11  (1827);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  172;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  300 
(so  far  as  the  Jamaica  habitat  is  concerned).  Cactus  Melocactus. 


'• 

. 


Fig.  109. — Melocadus  communis  Link  &  Otto. 


A,  Plant,  reduced. 

B,  Cushion  of  spines,  1  nat.  size. 


C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  nat.  size. 

D,  Fruit,  J  nat.  size. 


L.  Sjp.  PL  466  (1753)  ;  Lunan  Hort.  Jam.  i.  503  ;  Tnssac  Fl.  Ant. 
ii.  104,  /.  27  ;  Britt.  rf:  Rose  Cact.  Hi.  224.  C.  humilis  &c.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  238.  Echiuomelocactos  Sloane  Cat.  198  tk  Hist.  ii.  159. 
(Fig.  109.) 

Turk's  Head,  Turk's  Cap,  Pope's  Head,  Melon  Thistle. 

Savanna  near   Port  Henderson ;    near  Rock  Fort ;  Macfadyen ;    Port 
Royal,  Hitchcock;  Healthshire  Hills,  south  of  Spanish  Town,  Briitor,   ,i 
Harris. 

Stem,  a  succulent  mass,  at  first  roundish,  at  length  becoming  elongated, 
1-3  ft.  high,  10-12  ins.  in  diam. ;  ribs  10-14,  2-3  cm.  deep.  Spines  10-12, 
2-5  cm.  1.  Head  2-6  ins.  high  or  more,  3-4£  ins.  in  diam.,  at  first  flat, 


284  ri.miA  OF  JAM  AH 'A  Melocactut 

then  elongating  to  become  cylindrical.  Flwers  imbedded  in  tbc  bead,  of 
u  rich  crimson  colour,  3-4  cm.  1.  Fruit  club-shaped,  5-G  cm.  1.,  12  mm. 
br.  above,  rose-pink. 

Fruit  of  an  agreeable  acid  taste.  "In  times  of  drought  cattle  have 
been  observed  to  rip  open  these  plants  with  their  horns,  and  devour  the 
ilesby  moist  part."  (Lunan.) 

Mammillaria  simplex  IIa\v.  Griscbach  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  300,  cites  this 
from  Jamaica  on  the  authority  of  Patrick  Browne,  who,  however,  has  no 
reference  to  this  plant.  There  is  no  evidence  that  it  occurs  in  Jamaica. 

6.  RHIPSALIS  Gaertn. 

Shrubs  growing  on  trees  or  rocks,  fleshy,  with  a  woody  axis  ; 
branches  alternate  or  in  whorls,  jointed,  subrooting,  elongate, 
cylindrical  or  flattened,  leaf-like  and  crenate,  spineless.  Areoles 
minute,  above  scales  (modified  leaves),  with  short  hairs  and 
sometimes  with  bristles.  Flowers  usually  solitary  or  twin, 
arising  from  the  areoles  of  the  upper  joints,  rather  small. 
Sepals  2,  3,  or  more,  very  short,  scale-like.  Petals  6-10,  unequal, 
free  or  united  at  the  base  into  a  short  tube.  Stamens  indefinite, 
usually  few,  inserted  near  the  base  of  the  petals.  Ovary  exserted 
or  not,  usually  glabrous,  sometimes  bearing  several  scales  ;  style 
with  2-5  stigmatic  rays.  Berry  crowned  sometimes  with  the 
withered  sepals  or  petals.  Seeds  usually  without  endosperm  ; 
cotyledons  thick  ;  radicle  conical. 

Species  69,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America,  one  or  more  in  tropical  Africa,  Mauritius,  and  Ceylon. 

Branches  cylindrical,  slender  I.  R.  Cassutha. 

Branches  flat,  foliaceous. 

Branches  1-2*5  cm.  br.     Flowers  6-8  mm.  1.     Berry 

subglobose 2.  It.  jamaiccnsis. 

Branches  4-6  cm.  br.     Flowers  15  mm.  1.      Berry 

oblong 3.  E.  alata. 

1.  R.  Cassutha  Gsertn.  Fnict,  i.  137,  t.  28  (1788);  Hoolt. 
Exot.  Fl.  i.  t.  2  ;  Sot.  Mag.  t.  3080  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  182  ;  Griseb. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  302  ;  Britt.  in  Torreya  ix.  155  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant. 
r/ii.  465  ;  Britt.  &  Hose  Cad.  iv.  225.  R.  parasiticus  Haw.  Syn. 
PL  Succ.  187  (1812).  Cactus  parasiticus  inermis  &c.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  238.  C.  parasiticus  L.  Syst,  ed.  10,  1054  (1759) 
(excl.  syn.  Sloan.),  Amoen.  v.  379  &  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  668.  C.  inermis 
&c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Barm.)  190,  /.  197,  f.  2.  C.  pendulus  Su: 
Prod.  77  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  876;  Tussac  FL  Ant.  Hi.  81, 
/.  22.  Cassytha  filiformis  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768)  (11011  L.). 
Bev.  J.  Lindsay  Ic.  ined.  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn, 
named  by  Linnasus  Cactus  parasiticus,  with  the  letter  A  under- 
neath, which  is  a  reference  to  the  name  in  the  Systema.  In 
Sp.  Plant,  ed.  2,  668,  Linnaeus  substitutes  the  reference  to 


Rhipsalis 


CACTACE.E 


285 


Browne  (Hist.  Jam.  238)  for  the  reference  to  Sloane.     Specimen 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  from  Swartz. 

Mistletoe,  Cur  rant  C  actus. 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  110  (in  part) !  Houstoun\  Browne  I   Wright !  B rough- 
ton  !    Swartz !    near   Cinchona ;    Belvedere,  Hanover ;    Harris !    Fl.    Jam. 


Fig.  110. — fihipsalis  Cassutha  Gaertn. 

A,  Portion  of  branching  stem  with          C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

fruits  X  5.  D,  Fruit  X  4. 

B,  Flower  x  2.  E,  Seed  cut  lengthwise  X  16. 

7408,  7646;  Blue  Mts.  ;  Port  Antonio ;  Hitchcock.— West  Indies,  tropical 
continental  America,  tropical  Africa,  Ceylon. 

Stem  cylindrical,  jointed,  pendulous,  epiphytic  on  trunks  of  trees  and 
on  rocks,  2-forked.  or  branches  whorled,  4-8  cm.  1.  or  more,  2-3  mm.  in 
diam.  Areolcs  '5  mm.  in  diam.  with  very  minute  hairs,  and  a  small 
deciduous  bristle  longer  than  the  triangular  scale,  those  on  the  younger 
joints  with  several  hair-like  bristles.  Flowers  solitary.  Sepals  2-4. 
Petals  4-6,  longest  2-4  mm.  1.  Stamens  9-12.  Berry  4-6  mm.  1.,  ovoid- 


FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA 

globose,  crowned  with  the  remains  of  sepals  and  petals,  fleshy  with  viscous 
juice,  white  (M>metimes  tinged  with  red),  transparent.  Seeds  several, 
black,  about  1  mm.  1. 

_.  R.  jamaieensis  Jlrin.  <(•  II<in-i*  In  Torreya  ix.  159,  fiy.  3 
(1909)  :  Britt.  t(-  ll»x<>  Cart.  //-.  242,  /.  22, /.  4.  R.  Swartziana 
(Iriseb.  loc.  cit.  (non  Pfciff,}  (in  part,  so  far  as  regards  "\Vull- 
M-lilaegel's  specimen,  fide  Urban).  R.  sp.  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  /•/.  109. 
( >]>imtia  non  spiiiosa  etc.  Sloane  Cat.  *21G  &,  Hist.  ii.  159.  Cactus 
initis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  237.  C.  Phyllanthus  L.  Amcen.  v. 
.">79  (1760)  (only  as  regards  Browne's  plant). 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  84!  Wright  \  Wullschlaegel  (fide  Urban);  Claverty 
Cottage,  northern  slope  of  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1352,  Hart  \  Ramble,  Clare- 
mont  Fawcctt  <f  Harris  \  Lancaster,  33uO  ft.;  Troy,  2200  ft.;  Harris  I 
near  Troy,  1000  ft.,  Harris  &  Britton  \  PL  Jam.  6516,  7354,  8562  ;  Troy  ; 
Bath  to  Cuna-Cuna  Gap ;  Britton ;  near  Troy,  Maxon  ;  near  Montpelier, 
Mrs.  Britton. 

Plant  hanging  from  rocks  and  branches  of  large  trees,  1-4  ft.  1. 
Stem  cylindrical,  sometimes  angular,  branching;  branches  flattened, 
foliaceous,  narrowly  elongate-lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  below 
decurrent  into  a  stalk-like  base,  dull  green,  indistinctly  notched  or  slightly 
crenate,  1-3  (4)  dm.  L,  1-2 '5  cm.  br.  Flowers  solitary,  yellowish-green, 
about  6  mm.  1.  Petals  about  7,  oblong  to  oblanceolate,  apex  blunt. 
Stamens  20  30,  varying  in  length  from  J  to  §  as  long  as  the  petals.  Ovary 
oblong,  bearing  a  few  scales.  Style  much  longer  than  the  3  oblong 
stigmas.  Berry  globose,  white,  6-8  mm.  in  diam.  ;  scales  3  mm.  br. 

3.  R.  alata  K.  Sclium.  in  Fl  Bras,  iv.pt.  2,  288  (1890)  (in 
part,  so  far  as  regards  the  Jamaican  plant) ;  Britt.  in  Torreya  ix. 
156,  fig.  2.  R.  Swartziana  Pfeiff.  Enum.  131  H837)  ;  Griseb. 
loc.  cit.  (in  part).  R.  Harrisii  Giirke  Monats.  Kald.  xviii.  180 
(1908).  Cactus  alatus  Sw.  Prodr.  77  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  878 
(excl.  syn.).  Cereus  alatus  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  470  (1828);  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  176.  Pseudorhipsalis  alata  Britt.  d-  Rose  Cact.  iv.  213, 
f.  217,  218,  t.  22,  f.  5  (1923).  Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb. 
'iMus.  Brit. 

Swartz !  Belvedere,  Hanover,  500  ft. ;  Woodstock,  1400  ft. ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  7619,  9995. 

Plant  hanging  from  rocks  and  branches  of  large  trees,  6-16  ft.  1.  Stem 
below  cylindrical,  woody,  branching ;  branches  elongate-lanceolate,  below 
decurrent  into  a  stalk-like  base,  bright  green,  indistinctly  notched  or 
broadly  crenate,  2-4  dm.  L,  3-6  cm.  br.  Flowers  yellowish-white,  15  mm.  1. 
Tube  4  mm.  1.  Perianth-segments  8-10  mm.  1.,  lanceolate,  10  in  2  series. 
Stamens  numerous,  about  half  as  long  as  the  perianth.  Style  about 
3  times  as  long  as  the  5  linear  stigmas  or  longer.  Berry  ovoid,  yellowish- 
green  ("  black,"  Macf.),  1  cm.  1. 

FAMILY  LXXXIV.     THYMEL^EACE^. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  a  strong  inner  bark  (bast)  which  is 
filamentous  or  net-like.  Leaves  usually  alternate,  entire;  stipules 
wanting.  Flowers  usually  in  heads,  racemes,  or  spikes,  herm- 


Lagetta  THYMEL^EACE^E  287 

aphrodite  or  unisexual,  regular.  Perianth  inferior,  tubular, 
sometimes  constricted  below  the  throat  (receptacle) ;  perianth- 
lobes  4  or  5,  overlapping  in  bud.  Stamens  as  many  or  twice  as 
many  as  the  lobes,  attached  above  the  middle  of  the  tube  or  at 
the  throat,  those  opposite  the  lobes  usually  higher.  Disk  under 
the  ovary,  ring-like  or  cup-like,  or  represented  by  4  or  5  scales 
usually  higher  up,  or  wanting.  Ovary  l(2)-celled  ;  ovule  solitary 
in  ovary  (or  in  each  cell),  attached  near  the  apex  on  one  side, 
anatropous.  Fruit  not  opening.  Seed  with  endosperm  wanting, 
sparse,  or  rarely  copious.  Embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  fleshy  ; 
radicle  short,  superior. 

Species  nearly  500,  numerous  in  temperate  regions  of  Old 
World,  especially  S.  Africa  and  Australia,  fewer  in  the  tropics  ; 
many  in  the  New  World. 

Flowers  in  a  spike I.  Lagetta. 

Flowers  in  umbels  or  heads 2.  Daphnopsis. 

\.  LAGETTA  Juss. 

Trees  with  a  network  of  inner  bark  (bast  fibres).  Leaves 
alternate.  Flowers  in  loose  terminal  spikes  or  racemes,  sessile  or 
shortly  stalked,  hermaphrodite  or  unisexual.  Perianth-tube 
(receptacle),  slightly  constricted  at  the  throat.  Perianth-lobes  4, 
short.  Stamens  8,  4  at  the  base  of  the  lobes,  4  lower  down  near 
the  throat.  Scales  4,  short,  at  the  constriction  of  the  tube  below 
the  stamens,  bending  over  the  stigma,  nearly  closing  the  tube. 
Ovary  1 -celled  :  stigma  large,  capitate,  prominent  above  the 
throat.  Fruit  dry,  enclosed  by  the  persistent  perianth.  Endo- 
sperm sparse ;  cotyledons  thick,  fleshy. 

Species  3,  natives  of  Jamaica,  Cuba,  and  Hispaniola. 

L.  lagetto  Nash  in  Journ.  N.  York  Sot.  Gard.  ix.  117, 
figs.  14-16  (1908).  L.  lintearia  Lam.  Encyc.  Hi.  376  &  440 
(1789)  &  HI.  t.  289 ;  Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  t.  4  (1850) ;  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  4502  ;  Meisn.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xiv.  526  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind. 
279  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  469.  Daphne  Lagetto  Wright  Med. 
PL  Jam.  in  Lond.  Med.  Journ.  viii.  250  (1787)  &  Mem.  207,  266  ; 
Sw.  Prodr.  63  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  680.  Laurifolia  arbor  &c.  Sloane 
Cat.  137  &  Hist,  ii.  22,  t.  168,  /.  1,  2,  3  ;  t.  169,  /.  1.  Frutex 
foliis  majoribus  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  371,  t.  31, /.  5.  (Fig.  111.) 

Lace-bark,  Lagetto. 

Luidas,  Sloane;  Herb.  v.  82!  Wright  \  above  Christiania,  Purdie\ 
Wilson  \  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2600  ft. ;  near  Troy,  2200  ft. ;  Peckham 
woods,  Upper  Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6611,  8692,  8762, 
10,972,  11,027,  11,179.— Cuba,  Hispaniola. 

Tree  15-30(-40)  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-15  cm.  L,  elliptical  to  roundish- 
elliptical  or  ovate,  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate.  Spikes  4-10  cm.  1., 
erect,  with  10-23  hermaphrodite  flowers.  Fruit  5  mm.  1. 


288 


FLOHA   OF   .1  AM  A  I«  A 


Fig.  111. — Lngetta  lagetto  Xasli. 


A,  Apex  of  branch  with  leaf  and  flower- 

spike  x  if. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  3A-. 


(',  Fruit  enclosed  in  persistent   recep- 
tacle x  3J. 
D,  Fibres  from  inner  bark. 


2.  DAPHNOPSIS  Mart.  &  Zucc. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  dioecious,  some- 
times apparently  monoecious,  in  umbels,  heads  or  subracemose, 
peduncles  sometimes  branched  at  the  ends  of  branches,  sometimes 
simple  axillary.  Male  flower  :  Perianth-tube  (receptacle)  slender. 
Perianth-lobes  4,  spreading.  Stamens  8,  the  4  upper  on  or 
opposite  the  lobes,  the  4  lower  alternate  ;  anthers  sessile.  Scales 
under  the  ovary  2  or  4,  small.  Ovary  undeveloped.  Female 
flowers  :  Perianth-tube  .(receptacle)  smaller  than  in  the  male. 
Staminodes  minute  or  wanting.  Ovary  oblong,  sessile,  1 -celled  ; 
style  short,  thick ;  stigma  capitate.  Fruit  ovoid  or  subglobose. 
Seeds  without  endosperm  ;  cotyledons  thick,  fleshy  ;  radicle  very 
short.  Burn-nose  Bark. 


Daplinopsis 


THYMEL^ACE.E 


289 


Species  33,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  America, 
from  Mexico  to  Peru  and  Brazil. 

Peduncles  simple.    Perianth-lobes  acute 1.  D.  oeeidentalis. 

Peduncles  branched  dichotomously.    Perianth- 
lobes  obtuse 2.  D.  tinifolia. 

1.  D.  oeeidentalis  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xv.  349 
(1892).  D.  Swartzii  Meisn.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xiv.  522  (1857); 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  278.  Daphne  oeeidentalis  Sw.  Prodr.  63 


D 


Fig.  112. — Daphnopsis  oeeidentalis  Kr.  &  Urb. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and  in-       C,  Female  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

florescence  x  5.  1),  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  3. 

B,  Male  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  4. 

&  FL  Ind.  Occ.  685.     Arbor  cortice  £c,  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  372 
(in  part).     Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.     (Fig.  112.) 

In    fl.    July-Dec.;     in    fr.    Aug.-Dec. ;     Siuartz\    Moneague,     Priori 

Liguanea  hills,    1800  ft.  ;  near  Christiana,  3000  ft. ;  near  Troy,  2500  ft. ; 

Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2500-2700  ft. ;  Hopeton,  Westmoreland,  1300  ft.  ; 

Iron  Face,  Chester  Vale,  3000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  Crofts 

V.  U 


FLOKA    OF    .JAM  AH 'A 

.,  Clarendon,  2500ft. ;  llarn*\  V\.  .him.  5821,  S_r,'.),  S793,  89G5,  89G7, 
'.I3'J1,  '.>7f>l,  lO.OJ:-*,  11,185,  11,218. 

Slirub  3-4  ft.,  or  /?w  15-30  ft.  7,<v/  res  5-14  cm.  1.,  lanceolate,  apex  acumi- 
nate to  rounded,  of  a  lighter  colour  l>rn«';itli.  papery,  puberulous  beneath 
.  -prriully  on  midrib.  1't-il uncle  1-5  cm.  1.,  not  branched.  Flowers  sonn:- 
times  apparently  monoecious,  white,  greenish-\vliite  or  yellowish-white, 
shortly  stalked  or  subsessile,  in  a  head.  J'l'ritDitli-f/ihf:  male  narrowly 
funnel-shaped,  about  8  mm.  1. ;  female  stalk-like  below,  bell-shaped  above, 
\  mm.  1.  Perianth-lobes:  male  4  mm.  1.,  female  2-2*5  mm.  1.,  acute. 
Fruit  ellipsoidal,  1'4-1'S  cm.  1.,  yellowish-white  or  milky  white. 

Browne  probably  includes  both  species  under  "  Arbor  cortice  &c."  He 
-ays  the  bark  makes  very  good  ropes;  it  is  fine,  and  spreads  something 
like  lace-bark  ;  the  seeds  have  a  sharp  biting  taste. 

2.  D.  tinifolia  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  278  (1860).  D.  tinifolia 
v.  Cumingii  Meisn.  in  DC.  Prodr.  xiv.  523  (1856).  D.  americana 
Urb.  in  Arkiv  for  Botan.  xvii.  no.  7,  44  (1921);  Fawc.  &  Hendle 
in  Jonrn.  Bot.  Ixiii.  51  (1925).  Daphne  tinifolia  Sw.  Prodr.  63 
(1788)  cfe  FL  Ind.  Occ.  683.  Arbor  cortice  etc.  Browne  Hist. 
Jam.  372  (in  part).  Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Kew.  named  by  Grisebach. 

In  fl.  May-Nov. ;  in  fr.  Sept. -Oct. ;  Wright  I  highest  mountains, 
Swartz !  Macfadyen !  Cuming ;  Great  Valley,  Manchester,  Pur  die ! 
Moneague,  Prior !  March  \  Jenman  !  Cinchona,  J.P.  1281,  Morris  \  Whit- 
field  Hall,  Blue  Mts.,  2500  ft.;  Hound  Hill,  S.  Cruz  Mts.,  2000  ft.; 
Peckham,  Clarendon,  2300  ft. ;  Worthy  Park,  St.  Catherine,  1200  ft. ; 
Harrisl  Fl.  Jam.  6478,  9700,  11,084,  11,231.— Hispaniola. 

Tree,  15-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-12  cm.  1.,  oblong-lanceolate,  elliptical, 
or  roundish-elliptical,  glabrous  :  petioles  5-10  mm.  1.  Peduncles  1-3-times 
forked,  silky-puberulous  or  glabrescent.  Flowers  greenish-yellow  or 
yellowish-white.  Male  flowers  :  sessile.  Perianth-tube  to  9  mm.  1.,  stalk- 
like  below,  becoming  wider  above,  perianth-lobes  to  2 '5  mm.  1.,  recurved. 
Female  flowers  :  Perianth-tube  4-5  mm.  1.,  stalk-like  below,  bell-shaped 
above ;  lobes  1  mm.  1.,  spreading.  Fruit  11-13  mm.  1.,  ovoid,  apex  pointed, 
crowned  with  the  persistent  style  and  stigma,  shortly  stalked. 

D.  earibsea  Griseb.  (loc.  cit.)  differs  in  the  flowers  being  smaller  :  male 
perianth-tube  7  mm.  1.,  lobes  2  mm.  1. ;  female  perianth-tube  2  mm.  1. 
(stalk-like  part  very  short  or  wanting),  lobes  1  mm.  1.  ;  fruit  about  half  as 
large.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Lesser  Antilles,  and  Margarita. 


FAMILY  LXXXY.     LYTHRACE^. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  with  twigs  often  4-angled.  Leaves 
generally  decussate,  sometimes  whorled  or  alternate,  entire. 
Stipules  minute  or  wanting.  Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite 
and  regular  (irregular  in  Cuphea),  usually  solitary  or  cymose, 
rarely  paniculate.  Calyx  usually  free,  persistent,  generally 
tubular  or  bell-shaped,  with  3—12  valvate,  primary  teeth  or 
lobes,  sometimes  with  as  many  accessory  teeth  or  lobes.  Petals 
as  many  as  the  primary  teeth  or  lobes  of  the  calyx,  rarely  fewer 
or  none,  clawed,  membranous  and  wavy,  equal  or  in  a  few  very 
unequal,  overlapping.  Disk  wanting  or  ring-like,  situated  at 


Cuphea  LYTHRACE^  291 

the  base  or  throat  of  the  calyx-tube.  Stamens  very  variable  in 
number,  inserted  at  various  heights  in  the  calyx-tube,  in  one  or 
more  series,  equal  or  some  smaller  or  imperfect,  of  2  forms  in 
some  genera.  Ovary  free,  2— 6-celled,  sometimes  becoming 
1 -celled  through  the  disappearance  of  the  partitions  or  the  non- 
development  of  the  other  cell.  Style  simple  or  none.  Ovules 
indefinite,  usually  on  the  axis  or  the  base  of  the  cells,  anatropous. 
Capsule  more  or  less  enclosed  by  the  calyx,  with  2  or  more  cells 
or  1- celled,  as  in  ovary,  opening  in  various  ways  or  not  opening ; 
with  many  seeds.  Seeds  usually  ascending  ;  endosperm  wanting. 
Embryo  straight  ;  cotyledons  usually  flat. 

Species  450,  mostly  natives  of  the  tropics,  chiefly  of  America, 
a  few  widely  dispersed  through  the  temperate  regions. 

Flowers  irregular 1.  Cuphea. 

Flowers  regular. 

Flowers  in  clusters.     Capsule  bursting  irregularly 2.  Ammannia. 

Flowers  solitary.     Capsule  loculicidally  3-6-valved 3.  Heimia. 

1.  CUPHEA  Adans. 

Herbs  or  shrubs.  Leaves  usually  decussate,  occasionally 
whorled,  entire.  Flowers  solitary  or  in  racemes  simple  or 
compound  with  alternate  branches,  often  leafy.  Bracteoles  2, 
wanting  in  C.  ciliata.  Flowers  irregular,  parts  in  sixes.  Calyx  : 
tube  long,  ribbed,  base  gibbous  or  spurred,  with  oblique  mouth, 
usually  coloured.  Petals  usually  6  (2),  wanting  in  C.  platycentra. 
Stamens  unequal,  usually  11,  ventral  9,  dorsal  2  shorter. 
Ovary  usually  sessile,  with  a  dorsal  disk  (rarely  cup-like)  at  the 
base,  unequally  2-celled,  one  cell  smaller  and  often  empty,  the 
partition  gradually  disappearing  ;  style  with  a  2-lobed  capitate 
stigma ;  ovules  2  or  more  inserted  on  a  thread-like  placenta 
adherent  to  the  middle  of  the  partition.  Capsule  enclosed  by 
the  persistent  calyx,  very  thinly  membranous,  1 -celled,  opening 
on  the  side  and  sometimes  protruding  through  the  split  side  of 
the  calyx  ;  the  columnar  placenta  free,  with  few  or  many  seeds. 
Seeds  somewhat  flattened-lens-shaped  ;  coat  smooth,  leathery ; 
cotyledons  roundish,  radicle  short. 

Species  about  230,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  and 
subtropical  continental  America. 

Calyx  2-2-5    cm.   1.,    with    subglobose    spur.       Petals 

wanting 1.  C.  platycentra. 

Calyx  usually  less  than  I  cm.  1.,  gibbous  at  base  or  with 
short  spur.     Petals  present. 

Calyx  not  exceeding  6  mm.     Annual  herbs 2.  C.  Parsonsia. 

Calyx  exceeding  6  mm. 

Flowers  solitary,  alternate.     Herbs. 

Perennial,  smelling  of  onions 3.  C.  Melanium. 

Annual,  viscous  4.  C.  pctiolata. 

Flowers  opposite  in  a  terminal  raceme.    Small  shrub  5.  C.  ciliata. 

u  2 


292 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


1.  C.  platycentra  Lmmir*'  Fl.   <l-*  Serres   ii.  /.   180(1846) 

(11011  Benth.);  shrub  :  pedicels  r)-12(-2.'>)  mm.  1.  ;  flowers  solitary, 
axillarv  ;  calyx  --'2  '  5  cm.  1.,  spur  subglobose,  contracted  at  base.- 
Paxton  Mug.  ./•/'//.  267  (1847);  Koelm<  in  En<jl.  PJlamenreich  /'/•. 
216,  167.  C.  ignea  A.  DC.  in  /'/.  dex  Serres  v.  miscell.  n.  24<S 
(1849).  Parsonsia  micropetala  llitdtc.  in  J!<-j>.  3/V>*.  Hut.  (lanl. 
iv.  87  (1893)? 

Newcastle,  4000  ft.,  and  higher,  Lelnnann\  also  Eggersl  Clutc\  and 
Jlarrixl  Cinchona,  J.P.  1373,  'Hart  \  and  .I/orris!  also  G.  E.  Nichols  I 
Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock.  Fl.  Jam.  9143,  11,935.— Mexico. 

Shrub,  1-3  ft.  high  when  growing  in  open,  but  amongst  shrubs  reaching 
a  height  of  6  ft.  Leaves  2-4(-8)  cm.  ].,  lanceolate  to  oblong,  stalked  or 
sessile.  Calyx  bright  carmine  red,  dark  violet  at  apex,  mouth  and 
marginal  cilia  white.  Petals  wanting.  Disk  dorsal,  deflexed.  Stamens 
11,  5  protruding  from  calyx.  Style  also  protruding.  Ovules  14-20. 
Capsule  8-9  mm.  1.  Seeds  not  winged. 

2.  C.  Parsonsia  E.  Br.  ex  Steud.  Nom.  i>45  (1821)*  ;  annual 
herbs  generally  prostrate;  flowers  when  solitary  alternate,  2  or  3 
together  on  lateral  shoots  ;  calyx   4-6  mm.  1.,  in  fruit  bladder- 


B  C 

Fig.  113. — Cuphea  Parsonsia  E.  Br. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  in  flower  x  5.  E,  Fruit  with  part  of  the  calyx  cut  away 

B,  Short  flowering  branch  X  2.  X  5. 

C,  Diagram  of  flower.  F,  Seed  x  5. 

D,  Calyx  split  open,  ovary  cut  length-  G,  Embryo  X  10. 

wise,  and  petals  cut  across,  x  5.  (C  after  Eichler.) 

like,  base  gibbous. — JJac/.  Jam.  ii.  36  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ltd. 
269;  Koeltne  in  Engl.  Pflanzenreich  iv.  216,  122,  Jig.  16A,  p.  119. 
Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  iv.  436  &  viii.  472.  C.  radicans  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  37. 

*  See  E,  Br.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Wern.  i.  65  (1811). 


Cuphea  LY THRACE^  293 

Parsonsia  herbacea  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  199,  t.  21,  /.  2. 
P.  Parsonsia  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  Fl.  300.  P.  radicans  Eitchc. 
in  Hep.  Miss.  Bot.  Gard.  iv.  87  (1893).  Ly thrum  Parsonsia 
L.  Sijst.  ed.  10,  1045  (1759)  and  Amcen.  v.  379;  Sw.  Obs.  193. 
Specimen  (type)  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus. 
(Fig.  113.) 

Browne  I  Wright  \  SJiakespearl  Masson  !  Bancroft  I  Macfadyenl  Distin  I 
Pedro  district,  St.  Ann,  Purdiel  March  I  Moneague,  Priori  Kamble, 
Claremont,  1700  ft.,  Fawceit  &  Harris  I  Port  Morant,  Hitchcock ;  Port 
Antonio;  Mandeville,  2200  ft.;  Tyre,  near  Troy,  2000  ft.;  near  Spanish 
Town  ;  Harrisl  Knowsley  Park,  Devon,  Miss  H.  A.  Wood  I  Fl.  Jam.  5980, 
6223,  7019,  9085, 12,054.— Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Mexico. 

Stems  1-3 '5  dm.  L,  branching.  Leaves  '5-2 '5  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  oblong. 
Petals  equal,  pale  purple.  Stamens  6  (4-9).  Ovules  4-5(-ll).  Style  less 
than  half  as  long  as  ovary,  enclosed.  Capsule  3-4  mm.  1.  Seeds  narrowly 
winged. 

3.  C.  Melanium  E.  Br.  ex  Steud.  Norn.  245  (1821) ;  perennial 
herb  smelling  of  onions ;  flowers  near  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
subsolitary,  alternate ;  calyx  8-9  mm.  1.,  gibbous  at  base,  with 
12   (or  fewer)   conspicuous  striae  and  teeth. — Macf.  Jam.  ii.  36; 
Koehne    torn.  cit.   117  ;    Urb.    Symb.    Ant.   viii.   471.       Melanium 
herbaceum  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  215.      M.  alliaceum  Spreny. 
Sijst.  ii.  454  (1825).      Ly  thrum  Melanium  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1045 
(1859)  &  Amcen.  v.  379;  Sio.  Obs.  193. 

Wright !  Browne ;  Swartz ;  Macfadyen. — Lesser  Antilles. 

Stems  1  ft.  or  more  long,  prostrate  and  ascending,  branching,  puberulous 
on  young  stems.  Leaves  1-5-3-5  cm.  L,  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
base  acute,  scabrous.  Petals  4-5  mm.  1.,  purple,  subequal.  Stamens  8-10. 
Seeds  8-4. 

4.  C.  petiolata  KoeJtne  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  ii.  173  (1881)  & 
in  Engl.  Pftanzenreich  iv.  216,  152  ;  annual  herb  ;  flowers  solitary  ; 
calyx    about   1   cm.  L,  spur  very  short,  blunt. — C.  viscosissima 
Jacq.  Hort.  Vindob.  ii.  83,  t.   177    (1772);    Mac/.    Jam.  ii.  36; 
Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (excl.  syn.  L.  Melanium  L.).    Ly  thrum  petiolatum 
L.  Sp.  PL   446   (1753).     Parsonsia  petiolata  B,usby  Mem.   Torr. 
Club  v.  231  (1894) ;  Britt.  &  Br.  HI  FL  ii.  473. 

"  This  is  not  uncommon  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Bath  Garden,  as 
well  as  of  that  in  St.  Andrew"  [East's  Garden,  Gordon  Town],  Mac- 
fadyen.— Eastern  United  States. 

Herb,  very  viscous  and  densely  pubescent.  Leaves  2-5  cm.  L,  ovate- 
lanceolate  to  lanceolate.  Calyx  viscous-hispid,  purplish  or  violet,  often 
with  purple  hairs.  Petals  rose  or  purple,  2  dorsal  obovato,  larger  than  the 
ventral.  Stamens  11,  alternately  unequal.  Style  enclosed. 

5.  C.  eiliata  Koelme  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  i.  454  (1881)  &  in 
Engl.  Pftanzenreich  iv.  216,  109,  Jig.  14,  F  on  p.  103  (non  Ruiz  & 
Pavon) ;    small    shrub ;    flowers   opposite    in   terminal    racemes, 
pedicels   2-5  mm.  1.  ;  calyx    about    8    mm.    L,    base   gibbous. — 


294  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Cwplica 

C.    il.randra   E.    Br.   in   Ail.    llort.    Kew.    -</.    L'.    in*.     l."il    (1811); 
>'/-»•<//;/.  >>•/.   //.  -i.V>  (1*25);  Mnrf.  ,!«„!.  //.  :;s  :  Griseb.  op.  cit. 
270;    Z7r/>.  N//  /////.   J///.  /•//'/.  -171.      (  .  rarnnosa  >);/•/•////.   /or-,  <•//.  < 
regards  hul>.  .Jamaica).      Lytlirinn   riliatum  ,S'w.  Prmlr.  76  (17 
iV   7-7.   //''/.    Ocr.   <s<;s.      Specimen   from   Swart/  from   Jamaica    in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 


In  fl.  during  year;  mountains,  Swart.:  I  Mtu-fadi/m  ;  St.  George, 
M'cXubl  Pnrdic\  Hurttregl  Prior  \  March;  Castleton,  J.P.  721,  Jeiiunm  ! 
Grove  and  Gordon  Town  ;  Falls  river,  2500  ft.  ;  Cane  river  valley,  400  ft.  ; 
coastal  thickets  between  Portland  Point  and  Rocky  Point  ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  6594,  6833,  9640,  10,192.—  Cuba  (ex  Koehne),  Hispauiola,  Mexico, 
Colombia. 

Shrub,  1-2  ft.  high,  much  branched;  branches  hirtellous  and  occasion- 
ally somewhat  glandular.  Leaves  1-4  cm.  1.,  obovate  or  obovate-elliptical, 
base  wedge-shaped  or  gradually  narrowing,  margin  and  nerves  beneath 
more  or  less  ciliate.  Calyx  strongly  ribbed,  glandulose-hirtellous,  teeth 
subequal.  Petals  purple,  obovate-roundish,  ventral  about  4  mm.  1.,  the 
two  dorsal  smaller  than  the  rest.  Stamens  10-11,  the  nine  ventral 
alternately  unequal.  Style  at  length  protruding  from  calyx  by  l'5-2  mm. 
Capsule  about  5  mm.  1. 

2.  AMMANNIA  L. 

Annual  herbs,  found  in  swampy  places,  glabrous  (calyx 
sometimes  hirtellous)  ;  stem  and  branches  more  or  less  4-angled. 
Leaves  decussate,  rarely  subalternate,  sessile,  entire.  Flowers 
small,  axillary,  in  2  -forked  cymes  or  reduced  to  clusters  ;  flower- 
parts  in  fours  in  Jamaican  species.  Calyx  8-nerved,  after 
flowering  subglobose  ;  primary  teeth  or  lobes  usually  4,  accessory 
as  many  or  wanting.  Petals  none  or  4,  inserted  in  the  throat  of 
the  calyx,  generally  dropping  off  very  soon.  Stamens  4-8  (2), 
inserted  about  the  middle  of  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary 
sessile,  incompletely  1-5  celled  ;  style  wanting  or  exserted  ; 
stigma  capitate  ;  ovules  numerous  on  placentas  projecting  from 
the  axis  or  attached  to  the  partitions.  Capsule  very  thinly 
membranous,  bursting  irregularly,  enclosed  by  the  calyx  or 
protruding  from  it,  1-5-celled.  Seeds  numerous,  very  small, 
with  leathery  coat. 

Species  20,  growing  in  marshes  and  wet  places  in  tropical 
and  subtropical  regions  of  the  whole  world,  mostly  in  Africa. 

Petals  wanting.     Style  not  exserted  ..................  1.  A.  latifolia. 

Petals  pink.     Style  long  exserted  .....................  2.  A.  coccinea. 

1.  A.  latifolia  L.  Sp.  PI.  119  (1753),  Amoen.  v.  376  &  Hort. 
Cliff.  35  ;  Beliq.  Houst.  4,  t.  5  &  Ic.  orig.  ined.  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  ; 
Macf.  Jam.  it.  34  :  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  270  (in  part)  ;  Koelme 
in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  2,  206,  /.  40,  /.  2  &  in  Engl.  Pjianzenreich  iv. 
216,  50,  fig.  5,  E;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  435  «fe  viii.  470;  Small  Fl. 
S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  827  ;  Britt.  &  Killsp.  Bali.  Fl.  299.  Aparines 
folio  &c.  Sloane  Hist.  i.  44,  t.  7,  /.  4.  Tsnardia?  folio  &c.  Browne 


Ammannia 


LYTHRACE^E 


295 


Hist.  Jam.  148.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 
Specimen  in  Hort.  Cliff,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  Specimen  from 
Sloane  in  Herb.  ii.  125  from  "  Barbadoes  or  one  of  the  Caribes." 
(Fig.  114.) 

Houstoun  \  Ferry,  Browne ;  Shakespear !  McNab  I  sea-coast,  St.  James, 
Purdie  I    Castleton,  Morris  !    Ferry,  Campbell !    sea-coast,   Green   Island ; 
Harris !    Fl.    Jam.    6170,    10,337;    Port    Antonio;    Lucea;    HitcJicock.— 
Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America. 

Plant  glabrous.     Stem  simple  in  its  first  year,  branched  in  second  year. 
Leaves  2-8  cm.  1.,  decussate,  lanceolate-linear  or  linear,  auriculate-cordate 


Fig.  114. — Ammannia  latifolia  L. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  in  flower  and  fruit 

X  -~. 

B,  Two  flowers  from  axil  of  leaf  x  4. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  and  spread  out 

X  4. 


D,  Fruit  enclosed    in   the   globose  calyx 

x  4. 

E,  Ditto  cut  across  ;  c,  calyx  ;  p,  placenta, 

the  seeds  removed  ;  x  4. 

F,  Seed  X  30. 


at  base.  Flowers  clustered,  5-1,  sessile.  Calyx  4  mm.  L,  bell-shaped 
narrowing  at  mouth,  globose  in  fruit ;  lobes  indistinct,  accessory  lobes  4, 
spreading.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  4(-8),  enclosed  within  the  calyx. 
Style  very  short.  Capsule  completely  enclosed  by  calyx. 

2.  A.  eoccinea  Rottb.  PL  Hort.  Univ.  (Havn.)  Programm. 
Descr.  7  (1773)  (noii  Pers.) ;  K<.eline  in  EnyL  Pflanzenreich  torn, 
clt.  49 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  435  &  viii.  470 ;  Small  loc.  cit. 
A.  sanguinoleuta  Sw.  Prodr.  33  (1788)  A:  FL  Ind.  Occ.  272  : 
]\lacf.  Jam.  ii.  35.  A.  latifolia  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (in  part). 


296 


II.'MIA    (>F    JAMAICA 


Specimens   from   S\v;irtx   collected    in    .J;iiii;ii<f;i    and   !  I  isp.-mi«»l;i  in 
1 1'  rli.  Mus.  Brit. 

Sicari;\  cane-fields,  St.  Thomas  in  Yule;  Yallalis  River;  /'nor!  Salem, 
Llandoveiy,  St.  Ann,  Jlarrixl  Fl.  Jam.  10,377.— Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto 
Rico.  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  Antigua,  Mcirtinique,  Curasao,  subtropical 
and  tropical  continental  America,  Sandwich,  Marianne  and  Philippine  1-. 

Stem  simple  or  branched.  Leaves  2-10  cm.  1.,  decu—ate,  lanceolate  or 
linear,  auriculate-cordate  at  base.  Floiccrs  clustered,  l-3(-5),  sessile  or 
>uhsessile.  Cahjx  3-5  mm.  1.,  bell-shaped  narrowing  at  mouth,  subglobose 
in  fruit ;  lobes  distinct  but  short,  accessory  lobes  4,  often  subequalling  the 
lobes.  Petals  4,  pink.  Stamens  4-S(-ll),  very  shortly  exserted.  Style 
nearly  as  long  as  the  ovary.  Capsule  completely  enclosed  by  calyx. 


3.  HEIMIA  Link. 

Shrubs,  sometimes  arborescent,  branches  stiff  and  upright. 
Leaves  decussate  or  3  in  a  whorl,  rarely  alternate,  mostly  sessile, 
entire.  Flowers  solitary,  axillary  ;  parts  of  flowers  in  fives,  sixes, 


Fig.  115. — Heimia  salicifolia  Link. 

A.  Portion  of  branch  with  buds,  flowers,        C,  Fruit    enclosed    in     the    persistent 

and  fruits,  X  ?.  calyx  x  4. 

B    Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  21.  D,  Section  through  C  ;  c,  calyx  ;  x  4. 

E,  Seeds  X  10. 

or  sevens ;  pedicels  very  short  or  none.  Calyx  bell-shaped  or 
semiglobose ;  primary  teeth  6  (5-7),  accessory  as  many,  narrower. 
Petals  6  (5-7),  inserted  in  the  calyx-throat,  yellow.  Stamens 


Heimia  LYTHRACE^E  297 

12  (10-18),  inserted  below  the  middle  of  the  tube.  Ovary 
3-6-celled ;  style  overtopping  the  stamens ;  stigma  capitate ; 
ovules  indefinite  on.  placentas  projecting  from  the  central  angle  of 
the  cells.  Capsule  enclosed  by  the  calyx,  subglobose,  3-6-celled, 
loculicidally  3-6-valved ;  valves  bearing  the  partitions.  Seeds 
obconical. 

Species  2  or  possibly  only  1,  natives  of  tropical  continental 
America,  one  in  Jamaica. 

H.  salieifolia  Link  Enum.  Hort.  BeroL  ii.  3  (1822) ;  Link  <('• 
Otto  PL  Select.  Hort.  BeroL  63,  t.  28  (1820-8) ;  Sweet  Brit.  Flow. 
Gard.  Hi.  t.  281  ;  Koehne  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  2,  202,  t.  39,  /.  5  & 
in  Engl.  Pflanzenreich  iv.  216,  241  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  271  ; 
Hook.  Ic.  PL  vi.  t.  554  (1843),  with  H.  grandiflora.  H.  salieifolia 
v.  grandiflora  Lindl.  in  Bot.  Beg.  xxvii.  t.  60  (1841).  Nessea 
salieifolia  H.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  vi.  192  (1823).  (Fig.  115.) 

March !  Castleton  district;  Mavis  Bank,  Blue  Mts.,  3500  ft.;  Harris  I 
Fl.  Jam.  11,882,  11,972. — Central  America  and  warmer  parts  of  S.  America. 

Low  shrub;  branches  4-angled.  Leaves  l'5-7  cm.  1.,  linear  or  sub- 
lanceolate,  usually  opposite.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  1.,  lobes  bending  in  over  the 
ripe  capsule.  Petals  12-17  mm.  1.,  yellow. 

Lawsonia  inermis  L.  (in  an  enlarged  sense)  (L.  alba  Lam.)  is  an 
introduced  shrub,  now  naturalized,  6-20  ft.  high  ;  flowers  smelling  like 
mignonette,  parts  in  fours,  well  known  under  its  common  name  Henna. 
It  is  indigenous  probably  in  north  and  east  Africa,  and  west  and  south 
Asia,  now  cultivated  or  naturalized  throughout  the  tropics. 

Lagerstrcemia  speciosa  Pers.  (L.  Flos-Eeginx  Retz.),  the  Queen's 
Flower  Tree,  is  a  native  of  east  Asia,  Philippines,  Moluccas,  north- 
east Australia.  It  is  a  tree  20-60  ft.  high  with  showy  flowers,  cultivated 
in  many  tropical  countries;  parts  of  flowers  in  sixes,  petals  purple-lilac, 
sometimes  white.  It  is  found  naturalized  in  pastures,  an  escape  from 
gardens. 

FAMILY  LXXXVI.     LECYTHIDACE^. 

Trees  usually  of  large  size.  Leaves  alternate,  generally  in 
bunches  at  ends  of  twigs ;  without  stipules.  Flowers  generally 
in  axillary  or  terminal  racemes  or  panicles,  sometimes  solitary  or 
in  clusters  on  the  trunks.  Sepals  4-6  (2),  generally  free,  over- 
lapping in  bud.  Petals  4-6,  overlapping,  springing  from  a  ring- 
like  disk  round  the  top  of  the  ovary.  Stamens  more  or  less 
united  at  the  base  borne  on  the  disk  above  the  petals,  numerous, 
in  several  whorls,  often  partly  sterile,  bent  inwards  in  the  bud  ; 
anthers  generally  basifixed,  usually  short,  and  opening  at  the 
sides.  Ovary  generally  inferior,  occasionally  semisuperior, 
2-6-celled ;  ovules  ascending,  hanging,  or  horizontal ;  style 
generally  simple.  Fruit  fleshy  or  capsular.  Seeds  generally 
large,  one  to  indefinite.  Endosperm  wanting.  Embryo  often 
imdifferentiated . 

Species  140,  natives  of  the  tropics. 


298 


FLORA    <>K   -JAMAICA 


Griaa 


GRIAS  L. 
Hi"h   tirrs,   <'rowm«'   iti   streams  or   moist  places:    branches 

O  *      O  ~  •*• 

falling  «»tf  below,  leaving  the  trunk  bare,  with  only  the  apex 
bearing  brandies.  Leaves  alternate,  crowded  at  the  ends  of 
branches,  often  very  long,  pinnate-veined,  entire  or  obscurely 
sinuate-toothed.  Flowers  in  dusters  on  the  trunk  and  branches, 
with  very  short  stalks.  Calyx  :  tube  top-shaped ;  limb  cup- 
shaped,  at  first  subentire,  at  length  bursting  irregularly  into 
2-4  persistent  lobes.  Petals  4,  rarely  5,  spreading.  Stamens 
indefinite,  inserted  in  indefinite  series  on  a  thick  cup-like  disk  ; 
filaments  thick  angular,  bending  towards  the  centre  and  forming 
a  globular  mass ;  anthers  small,  cells  distinct,  opening  longitu- 
dinally. Ovary  inferior,  4-celled ;  style  wanting  or  shortly 
conical,  stigmas  4,  cruciform  ;  ovules  2-4  in  each  cell,  hanging. 
Fruit  at  first  fleshy,  becoming  woody-fibrous,  ovoid,  crowned  by 
the  calyx-limb.  Seed  generally  one,  hanging,  coat  thick. 

Species  4,  one  a  native  of  Jamaica,  the  rest  natives  of  tropical 
S.  America. 


Fig.  116.— Grias  cauliflora  L. 
A,  Buds  on  a  piece  of  bark  X  1|.          C,  Flower,  upper  part,  cut  in  two,  x  Vt. 


B,  Bud  cut  lengthwise  x  2. 


D,  Fruit  X  r;. 


W.  Indies  211.  Palmis  affiiiis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  179  &  Hist.  ii.  122, 
it.  216,  217.  Calophyllum?  foliis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  245; 
A.  Robinson  Ic.  &  Ms.  ined.  The  genus  and  species  are  founded 


Grias  LECYTHIDACE^E  299 

on  Sloane's  plates  and   description.      Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit.     (Fig.  116.) 

Anchovy  Pear. 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  56,  57!  Swartz !  White  R,  Prior!  Cult.  Hope 
Gardens,  Harris  \ — Ecuador?  (Guppy  torn.  cit.  212). 

Tree,  20-50  ft.  high,  tapering  upwards.  Leaves  2  dm.  to  1  m.  1.  and 
more,  5-23  cm.  br.,  hanging,  oblong-oblanceolate  to  oblong-elliptical. 
Flowers  fragrant,  springing  from  the  trunk  or  branches  below  the  leaves. 
Calyx  about  3  mm.  1.  Petals  oblong-elliptical,  1-5-2  cm.  1.  Fruit  7-9 
cm.  1.,  elliptical,  8-ribbed.  Seed  3 '5-5  cm.  1.,  fleshy,  tough. 


FAMILY  LXXXVII.     RHIZOPHORACE^E. 

Trees  and  shrubs,  usually  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite  and 
stipulate,  rarely  alternate  and  without  stipules,  stalked,  thick- 
leathery,  mostly  entire.  Stipules  between  the  petioles  united 
in  pairs,  falling  very  soon.  Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite, 
axillary  ;  inflorescences  of  various  forms,  generally  cymose,  rarely 
solitary.  Oalyx  hypogynous  to  epigynous.  Sepals  3-14,  valvate, 
persistent.  Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals,  generally  concave  or 
involute,  embracing  the  stamens,  often  clawed,  limb  usually 
lobed  or  fringed,  folded  inwards  in  the  bud.  Stamens  generally 
numerous,  often  opposite  to  the  petals  in  pairs,  inserted  on  a 
lobed  perigynous  or  epigynous  disk,  sometimes  sterile.  Ovary 
inferior  in  Rliizophora,  free  in  Cassipourea,  2-5(6)-celled,  or  the 
partitions  disappearing  and  1 -celled.  Style  simple.  Ovules 
usually  2  in  each  cell,  hanging  side  by  side  from  the  axis  above 
the  middle.  Fruit  leathery  or  somewhat  fleshy,  crowned  by  the 
calyx,  not  opening  or  opening  at  length  septicidally  by  valves, 
1 -celled,  with  1  seed,  or  2-5-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  cell. 
Seeds  hanging ;  endosperm  fleshy  or  wanting ;  aril  sometimes 
present. 

Species  60,  natives  of  tropics. 

Flowers  on  forked  peduncles.  Bracteoles  united  in  form 
of  a  cup.  Ovary  inferior.  Embryo  without  endosperm, 
radicle  perforating  apex  of  fruit  persisting  on  tree 1.  Rldzopliora. 

Flowers  solitary  or  clustered.    Bracteoles  absent.   Embryo 

immersed  in  fleshy  endosperm  2.  Cassipourea. 

1.  RHIZOPHORA  L. 

Trees  ;  branches  thick,  with  short  stem  supported  by  prop- 
roots  and  aerial-roots  growing  down  from  the  upper  branches, 
marked  with  the  scars  of  fallen  leaves.  Leaves  elliptical,  entire, 
glabrous.  Peduncles  '2-  or  3-forked,  few-flowered.  Flowers 
rather  large,  leathery.  Calyx  surrounded  by  2  bracteoles  united 
at  the  base  into  a  cup ;  sepals  4,  lanceolate,  thick  and  leathery. 


300 


FLO II. \    <>!•'    JAMAICA 


Petal-  I,  inserted  at  the  base  of  a  fleshy  disk,  entire.  Stamen  - 
-  lL\  inserted  with  the  petals,  filaments  very  short;  anther- 
with  numerous  round  pollen->;ies.  at  length  'J-val\ed,  Ion-', 
aemninate.  Ovary  half-inferior,  2-celled,  prolonged  above  the 
ealyx  into  a  fleshy  cone;  style  awl-shaped,  with  a  'J-toothed 


Fig.  lYi.—Rhizophora  Mangle  L. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flowers, 

and  germinating  fruits,  reduced. 

B,  Diagram  of  flower. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  V. 

D,  Petal  with  two  stamens  x  3. 

E,  Stamen  x  4. 

F,  Stamen  cut  across,  enlarged. 

G,  Fruit  beginning  to  germinate,   some- 

what reduced. 


H,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  of  R.  conjugate  L. , 

showing  the  abortive  cell  on  left ; 
c,  cotyledon  surrounded  by  endo- 
sperm ;  //,  hypocotyl  which  has  grown 
out  into  the  cavity  of  the  fruit ;  nat. 
size. 

I,  Later  stage  of  ditto  in  germination  ; 
s,  sheath  of  cotyledon  from  which  the 


hypocotyl,  h,  bearing  the  plumule,  p, 
has  separated. 
(A,  B,  C,  G  after  Baillon  ;  F  after  Fl.  Bras.  ;  H,  I  after  Kerner.) 


Ehizophora  KHIZOPHORACE^E  301 

stigma.  Fruit  leathery,  surrounded  above  the  base  by  the 
reflexed  sepals,  1-celled,  1 -seeded.  Embryo  without  endosperm  ; 
cotyledons  doubled  up  together  ;  radicle  long  and  club-shaped, 
perforating  the  apex  of  the  fruit  while  still  on  the  tree,  descending 
towards  the  mud.  Mangrove. 

Species  3-5.      Common  on  muddy  tropical  sea-shores. 


R.  Mangle  L.  Sp.  PL  443  (1753)  &  Amcen.  v.  379  ;  Jacq.  Sel 
Stirp.  Amer.  141,  t.  89  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  132;  Wriylit  Mem.  273; 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  22  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  274  ;  EngL  in  PL 
Bras,  xii.pt.  2,  426,  t.  90;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  834;  Urb.  Si/mb. 
Ant.  iv.  437  &  viii.  474  ;  Guppy  Plants.  .  .  W.  Indies  &c.  96  ;  Britt. 
Fl.  Berm.  265  ;  Britt.  &  Mill*p.  Bah.  FL  308.  R.  utrincjue  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  211  ;  A.  Robinson  Ic.  inrd.  Mangle  pyri  &c. 
Sloane  Cat.  155  &  Hist.  ii.  63.  Candela  americana  &c.  Catesly 
Car.  ii.  t.  63.  Mangrove  Gosse  Nat.  Sojourn  Jain.  245. 

Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.      (Fig.  117.) 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  62 !  Houstoun !  Shakespear !  Ferry  River,  Ligrianea 
plain,  Campbell  \  also  Harris  I  Falmoutli,  Miss  A.  Moulton- Barrett  \  Port 
Morant,  Hitchcock. — Muddy  sea-shores  and  estuaries  in  West  Indies, 
tropical  continental  America,  West  Africa,  and  islands  in  Pacific. 

Tree,  10-50  ft.  high;  roots  shooting  out  above  the  base,  curving  out- 
wards and  downwards  into  the  mud  in  the  form  more  or  less  of  the 
quadrant  of  a  circle.  Leaves  7-15  cm.  1.  and  more,  shining  green  ;  stipules 
2 '5-4  cm.  1.  Calyx  about  1  cm.  1.  Petals  yellow.  7-8  mm.  L,  villose  on 
inside  chiefly  below  apex.  Stamens  8,  about  5  mm.  1.  Fruit  2 '5-3 -5  cm.  1. 
Seeds  usually  one,  occasionally  2  or  3  seeds  are  developed. 

The  wood  is  hard  and  makes  good  posts,  lasting  for  many  years  sunk 
into  the  earth ;  it  has  also  been  used  for  piles.  The  bark  is  used  for 
tanning  leather,  especially  sole-leather. 

2.  CASSIPOUREA  Aubl. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous.  Leaves  entire  or  sinuate-crenate, 
pinnate-nerved,  stipulate.  Flowers  solitary  or  clustered,  white, 
shortly  stalked  ;  pedicels  with  very  small  ovate  densely  pilose 
bracteoles  at  the  base.  Calyx  perigynous,  free,  bell-shaped, 
4-5-lobed,  in  Jamaican  species  outside  glabrous,  inside  densely 
covered  with  silky  adpressed  hairs.  Petals  4-5,  inserted  at  the 
bottom  of  the  calyx  at  the  base  of  a  cup-shaped  crenulate  disk, 
clawed,  spathulate,  fringed  above.  Stamens  10-40,  inserted  on 
the  margin  of  the  disk.  Ovary  densely  silky-pilose,  3-4-celled, 
sometimes  1-celled.  Style  simple,  with  stigma  3-4-lobed.  Fruit 
ovoid,  somewhat  fleshy,  3-4-celled,  at  length  opening  septicidally. 
Seeds  with  an  aril,  angled,  coat  leathery  ;  endosperm  fleshy  ; 
embryo  straight  with  Hat  cotyledons. 

Species  63,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  S.  America 
irom  Panama  to  northern  Brazil. 


302 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Cassipour<  <t 


Flowers  distinctly  stalked. 

Pedicels  about   5  nun.  1.      Leaves  brightly  shining, 

base  wedge-shaped 1.  C.  <'lli/>fica. 

Pedicels  about  3  mm.  1.     Leaves,  base  obtuse  2.   C.  Lriltoniana. 

Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Leaves  elliptical,  base  obtuse 3.   C.  subscssilis. 

Leaves  ovate,  base  subcordate  or  emarginatc 4.  C.  subcordata. 

1.  C.  elliptica  Pmr.  Encije.  Suppl.  //.  131  (1811);  Macf. 
Jam.  //.  '24  ;  Grisel.  FL  Br.  W.  JW.  L'74  (excl.  vars.  ft,  y)  ',  En</L 
in  FL  Bras.  .rii.  pt.  2,  430  (in  part,  with  reference  to  the 


Fig.  118. — Cassipourea  elliptica  Poir. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2. 

flowers  x  -.  D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  about  :'.. 

B,  Flower,  somewhat  enlarged. 

Jamaican  plant)  ;  Britt.  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Chib  xxxv.  339,  340. 
Legnotis  elliptica  Sio.  Prodr.  84  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  969,  t,  17. 
•Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  118.) 

In  fl.  March-Sept. ;  Wright !  Swartz  !  rocky  woods,  St.  Ann,  Purdie  ! 
Kempshot,  1100-1600  ft. ;  Fraywoods,  St.  James.  1650-1800  ft. ;  Kellits, 
Clarendon,  2000  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  10,330,  10,340,  11,158 ;  Kempshot, 
Britton,  2397,  2423.  _ 

Tree,  10-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  5- 5-8  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  acuminate,  some- 
times shortly  and  abruptly,  sometimes  with  long  narrow  tip,  base  wedge- 
shaped,  brilliantly  shining  ;  petioles  4-5  mm.  1.  ;  stipules  5-6  mm.  1., 
oblong-linear,  glabrous.  Flowers  in  threes  (to  fives)  ;  pedicels  about 
5  mm.  1.,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  globose  buds.  Calyx  :  tube 
3-3 '5  mm.  1. ;  lobes  2-2 '5  mm.  1.  Petals  white,  half  as  long  again 


Cassipourea  KHIZOPHORACE^E  303 

as  the  calyx,  fringe  flesh-coloured  (Swartz),  villose  with  white  hairs. 
Stamens  slightly  longer  than  the  calyx.  Style  lengthening  sometimes  in 
fruit  to  twice  as  long  as  calyx.  Capsule  ovoid,  3-cornered,  3-valved. 


C.  Brittoniana  Fawc.  &  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixiv.  14  (1926). 

Coco-plum  of  Troy. 

Woods,  Tyre,  near  Troy,  2000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,670. 

Tree  to  30  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-6  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  shortly  acuminate, 
base  obtuse;  petioles  3-4  mm.  1.;  stipules  4  mm.  1.,  lanceolate-oblong, 
glabrous.  Flowers  1-3  together,  greenish  ;  pedicels  3  mm.  1.  Calyx  : 
tube  2*  5  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  3'5  mm.  1.  Petals  :  fringe  villose  with  white  hairs. 
Stamens  longer  than  the  calyx. 

3.  C.  subsessilis  Britt.  in  Bull  Torr.  Bot.  Club  xxxv.  340  (1908). 

Near  Dolphin  Head,  1300  ft.  ;  Britton  2316  ;  also  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
10,307. 

Tree,  about  25  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-9  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  elliptical- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  base  obtuse  ;  petioles  4-7  mm.  1.  ;  stipules  5  mm.  1., 
lanceolate-oblong,  puberulous  with  adpressed  hairs.  Flowers  1  or  2 
together,  nearly  or  quite  sessile.  Calyx  :  tube  about  3  mm.  1.,  lobes 
3-3'5  mm.  1.  '  Stamens  about  as  long  as  calyx.  Capsule  l-3  cm.  1., 
oblong-conical,  glabrescent  (apparently  ripe). 

4.  C.  subeordata  Britt.  in  Bull  Torr.  Club  xxxv.  340  (1908). 

Marshy  ground,  Troy,  1600  ft.  ;  Britton,  488  ;  also  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
9466. 

Shrub  or  tree,  12  ft.  high.  Leaves  3  •  5-7  cm.  1.,  ovate,  shortly  acuminate, 
base  rounded,  subcordate  or  emarginate  ;  petioles  2-3  mm.  1.  ;  stipules 
8-9  mm.  1.,  ovate-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  glabrous  above.  Flowers  white, 
1-3  together,  subsessile.  Calyx:  tube  2-2'5  mm.  1.,  lobes  2-5-3  mm.  1. 
Stamens  about  as  long  as  calyx.  Capsule  as  in  C.  subsessilis. 


FAMILY  LXXXVIII.     COMBRETACE^. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  often  climbing.  Leaves  opposite,  alternate, 
or  rarely  whorled,  usually  simple,  stalked,  entire,  without 
stipules.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  sometimes  polygamo-dioecious 
or  unisexual,  usually  in  spikes,  racemes  or  heads,  rarely 
paniculate.  Calyx  more  or  less  deeply  divided  into  5  or  4  (6—8) 
lobes;  lobes  usually  valvate.  Petals  wanting,  or  4—5,  small. 
Stamens  4-5,  or  8,  or  10,  inserted  usually  on  the  calyx,  inflexed 
in  bud  ;  anthers  attached  at  the  middle.  Ovary  inferior, 
1 -celled;  style  and  stigma  simple,  but  stigma  4-lobed  in 
Laguncularia.  Ovules  usually  2-6,  hanging  from  the  apex  of 
the  cell  by  slender  stalks  (stalk  wanting  in  La<jmi<-nlaria). 
Fruit  leathery  or  drupe-like,  angled  or  winged,  1 -celled,  1-seeded, 
usually  not  opening,  endosperm  wanting.  Cotyledons  often 
lleshy  and  oily  ;  radicle  small,  superior. 

Species,  more  than  500,  natives  of  the  tropics  of  the  whole 


304  FI.OKA   <»F  JAMAICA  TerminaUa 

world,  less  tVc'ipu'iit    in  the  warmer  t'-mprratf  parts  of  India  and 
South   Africa. 


s  wanting.     Leaves  alternate. 
Flowers  in  spikes. 

Calyx  cut  to  middle  with  5  or  4  lobes,  soon  falling...  1.   TerminctUa. 
Calyx  toothed,  persisting.     Anthers  versatile  .........  2.  Buc'ulti. 

Calyx  toothed,  soon  falling.     Anthers  not  versatile. 

Ovary  narrowed  into  a  long  neck    .....................  3.  Buchmavia. 

Flowers  in  dense  heads  ..........................................  4.  Conocarpus. 

Petals  present.     Leaves  opposite. 

Calyx  persistent.     Fruit  angled  ...........................  5.  Laguncularin  . 

Calyx  soon  falling.     Fruit  winged  ........................  6.  Combretum. 

\.  TERMINALIA  L. 

Erect  shrubs  or  trees,  without  spines.  Leaves  alternate, 
often  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  often  with  glands  at 
base  beneath.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  male,  small,  usually 
green  or  white,  in  spikes  or  subcapitate.  Calyx  bell-shaped, 
usually  cut  to  the  middle  with  4  or  5  lobes,  soon  falling.  Petals 
wanting.  Stamens  10  or  8  in  2  series,  the  5  lower  opposite 
the  lobes  of  the  calyx,  the  5  upper  alternating  ;  anthers  versatile. 
Disk  epigynous,  hairy.  Ovary  lanceolate-cylindrical  or  sub- 
ovoid,  somewhat  constricted  under  the  calyx.  Ovules  2  (3). 
Fruit  flattened-ellipsoidal,  margins  acute  or  2-5-winged,  some- 
times samara-like,  1  -seeded,  with  thin  flesh  or  none  outside  ; 
stone  leathery  or  bony.  Cotyledons  convolute. 

Species  about  120,  natives  of  the  tropics. 

Large  trees.     Leaves  usually  more  than  14  cm.  1. 

Leaves    tapering    into    petioles.       Fruit    wilh    acute 

margins  .........................................................  1.  T.  latifolia. 

Leaves  auriculate  at  base,  not  or  rarely  tapering  into 
petioles.       Fruit    distinctly    but     very    narrowly 
winged    .........................................................        IT.  Catappa.'l 

Shrub.     Leaves  not  more  than  8  cm.  1  .........................  2.   T.  arbuscula. 

1.  T.  latifolia  Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  747; 
trees;  leaves  14-24  cm.  L,  tapering  into  the  petiole,  often  with 
glands  or  hair-tufts  in  the  nerve-axils  beneath  ;  fruit  with 

O  _^_^ 

margins  more  or  less  acute.  —  Macf.  Jam.  it.  17  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  276.  Arbor  maxima  t'orte  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  184  &  Hist. 
ii  130.  Tetracera?  foliis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  255  ;  A.  Eobinson 
Ic.  ined.  Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  119.) 

Broad  Leaf  Tree. 

In  fl.  Feb.-May  ;  common  in  woods  ;  Wright  !  Sivartz  !  Distin  !  St.  Mary, 
McNab  !  Purdie  !  Prior  !  Shafston,  500  ft.,  Harris  !  Cockpit  country,  N.  of 
Appleton,  in  wet  forest,  Norman  ! 

Tree  of  100  ft.  or  more;  branches  spreading  horizontally,  whorled. 
Leaves  becoming  glabrous  on  both  sides,  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  apex 
rounded  or  sometimes  broadly  and  shortly  acuminate;  petioles  2-3  cm.  1. 


Terminalia 


COM  BRET  ACE^E 


305 


Spikes  axillary,  closely  rusty-tomentose  when  young,  male  flowers  above, 
hermaphrodite   below.     Drupe   ovoid-ellipsoidal  with   one   side  flattened, 


Fig.  119. — Terminalia  latifolia  Sw. 

A,  End  of  branch  with  leaves  and  inflor-        •',  Portion  of  calyx  with  anthers  and  disk 

escence  x  \.  of  T.  C»f<ij>j><t,  much  enlarged. 

B,  Flower,  much  enlarged.  D,  Fruit  x  -. 

3-5  cm.  L,  2  cm.  br. ;  pericarp  pulpy  or  fleshy,  greenish-red.     Seed,  kernel 
white,  with  taste  of  sweet  almond. 

Affords  a  valuable  timber,  and  splits  readily  into  shingles.     Kernel  of 
seed  edible. 

[T.  Catappa  L.  Want.  519  (1771) ;  trees  ;  2-3  dm.  1.,  auriculate 
at  base,  rarely  tapering  into  petiole,  usually  with  a  gland  on 
each  side  of  the  midrib  at  the  base ;   fruit  rounded  at  apex  or 
acuminate,  with  the  margins  more  or  less  distinctly  winged.  - 
Wight  L.'.  t.  172;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3004;   Macf.  Jam.  ii.  16;   Griseb. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  276;  Eictil.  in  Fl.  Bran.  ziv.  pt.  2,  83,  t.  33, /.  1  ; 
Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.   iv.  438  ;   &  viii.   475  ;    Gupj>y  Plant*  <l'c.   in  th< 
West  Indies  116;    Britt.  FL  Berm.  260;    Britt.   &  MiUsp.  Bait. 
FL  302.     Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Indian  Almond. 

Introduced  and  naturalized  in  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America ;  a  native  of  the  tropics  of  the  Old  World. 

V.  X 


.  > 


06  FLORA.   OF   JAMAICA  Terminalia 


Tree  to  80  ft.,  with  whorlcd  horizontal  branches.  Leaves  shortly 
stalked,  obovato  or  obovate-oblong,  apex  rounded,  sometimes  apicular, 
glabrous  above,  pubescent  with  brown  hairs  or  glabrescent  beneath ; 
petioles  1  cm.  1.  Xf>ikes  axillary;  male  flowers  crowded  at  apex,  herm- 
aphrodite few,  subdistant  at  base.  Calyx  tomcntose  without,  densely  hairy 
within ;  lobes  triangular,  2  mm.  1.  Ovary  tomentose,  becoming  glabrous. 
Drupe  compressed-ellipsoidal,  4-6  cm.  1.,  about  3  cm.  br. ;  pericarp  with  a 
thick  layer  of  cork-like  buoyant  tissue. 

Bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and  contain  tannin.  The  natives  of 
India  make  Indian  ink  by  mixing  them  with  iron  salts.  The  kernels  are 
eaten  like  almonds ;  they  yield  by  pressure  a  valuable  oil  like  almond  oil ; 
and  the  residual  cake  is  a  good  food  for  pigs.] 

2.  T.  arbuscula  Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1788)  <fe  Fl.  Jnd.  Occ.  750; 
shrub ;  leaves  small,  acute  at  the  base,  petiolate,  without  glands ; 
Macf.  Jam.  il.  16.  Chuncoa  arbuscula  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
27o'(1860)  (in  part). 

On  the  hills  in  the  north  :  Swartz  ! 

Shrub,  6  ft.  high ;  stem  much  branched,  erect,  smooth.  Leaves 
4 '5-7  cm.  1.,  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  and  in  the  forks,  oblong  or 
lanceolate-oblong,  acute  at  base,  puberulous  when  young,  becoming 
glabrous ;  petiole  about  1  cm.  1.  Spikes  terminal,  many-flowered,  equalling 
the  length  of  the  leaves.  Calyx  5-lobed,  glabrous  without,  densely  hairy 
within.  Ovary  puberulous. 

Fruit  and  male  flowers  unknown.     (Swartz.) 

This  plant  is  only  known  from  Swartz's  specimens ;  one  in  Stockholm 
and  one  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  the  latter  without  flowers.  Although  the 
flowers  are  very  young,  and  no  fruit  has  been  seen,  there  seems  no  doubt 
that  the  plant  is  a  Terminalia. 

2.  BUCIDA  L. 

Tree ;  branch  lets  often  with  2  or  3  spines  at  the  apex. 
Leaves  alternate,  crowded  at  the  end  of  branches,  without 
glands.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  male  irregularly  mixed  on 
the  same  rhachis,  in  axillary  spikes.  Calyx  bowl-shaped, 
shallowly  5-toothed,  persisting.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  10 
in  two  series,  the  5  lower  opposite  the  calyx-teeth ;  anthers 
versatile.  Ovary  subovoid,  constricted  under  the  calyx.  Ovules 
2  or  3.  Disk  cpigynous,  of  5  fleshy  glands  round  the  base  of 
the  style,  shortly  hispidulous.  Fruit  fleshy-leathery,  obtusely 
5-angled,  drawn  up  into  a  neck  crowned  by  the  persistent  calyx. 
Cotyledons  convolute. 

Species  1  or  2,  natives  of  West  Indies,  Florida  Keys, 
Bahamas,  less  frequent  in  tropical  continental  America. 

B.  buceras  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1025  (1759);  Sw.  Obs.  180; 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  13;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  276;  Eichl.  in  Fl. 
Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  94,  t.  35,  f.  1  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  830  ;  Cook  & 
Coll.  in  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat'.  Hb.  mii.  96,  t.  20;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv. 
439  &  viii.  476  ;  M.  T.  Cook  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot,  Club  xxxv.  305  ; 
Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  300.  Cucurbita  arbor  forte  foliis  sub- 


Bucida 


COMBRETACE^E 


307 


rotundis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  208  &  Hist,  ii.  176,  t.  228, /.  3.     C 

oblongis.  .  .  iiascentibus  Sloane  Cat.  208  &  Hist.  ii.  176,  t.  169, /.  3. 
Mangle  julifera  foliis  subrotundis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  156  &  Hist, 
ii.  67,  £.  189,  f.  3.  Buceras  ramulis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  221, 


A 


Kg.  120.  —  Bucida  buceras  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and  in-        C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise,  enlarged. 

florescences  x  3.  D,  Embryo  cut  across  to  show  the  convo- 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  ;  d,  disk  ;  x  S.  lute  cotyledons,  enlarged. 

(A,  C,  D  after  Sargent.) 

t.  '23,  f.  1.  Terminalia  Buceras  Wright  in  SanvaUe  Fl.  Cub.  38 
(1868);  Sarg.  Silva  viii.  21,  t.  201.  Specimen  (type)  from 
Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnreus.  (Fig.  120.) 

Olive  Bark  Tree,  Black  Olive. 

In  salt  marshes  on  the  sea-coast  ;  Barham  Herb.  Sloane  clxii.  257  ! 
Sloane  Herb.  vii.  4,  110!  Houstoun\  Browne  \  Wright  \  Ferry  river, 
Brougliton  !  Shakespear  !  Cuming  !  McNab  !  Pwdie  !  Prior  !  Ferry,  Spanish 
Town  road,  100  ft.,  Campl>cll\  near  Falmouth  ;  Great  Morass,  Negril  ; 
Grant's  Pen  near  Albion  Estate;  Harrisl  Fl.  Jam.  5847,  7170,  10,244, 
10,816.  —  Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree,  30-60  ft.  high,  much  branched,  the  leaf-bearing  portions  of  the 
branches  thickened  and  showing  leaf-scars.  Leaves  to  9  cm.  L,  obovate  or 
oblanceolate,  tapering  to  the  base,  apex  rounded  or  broadly  pointed,  some- 
times emarginate,  when  young  finely  silky  hairy  on  both  sides,  or 
glabrescent  ;  petioles  to  2  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  tawny-tomentose.  Calyx 

x 


2 


80S  I  l.oKA    or    JAMAICA 

glabrous  within.     >•'////-•  with  tuft  of  hair-  at  base.     Druf'  about  G  mm.  L, 
ovate-conical,  ubli<j 

Owing  to  a  mite,  AYzn/i////^  .s/).,  the  ovary  sometimes  develops  iut 
long  liiuvir  u'all,  ofti-n  K'.  cm.  1.;  hence  the  name  buceras — bull's  horn. 

An  excellent  timber  tree,  though  with  narrow  trunk  ;  wood,  used  by 
cabinet-maker.-,  is  -raiiK-J,  light  yellow-brown,  sometimes  slightly  streaked 
with  orange,  the  thick  sapwood  being  clear  pale  yellow.  Bark  was  formerly 
u-ed  to  tan  leather. 

3.  BUCHENAVIA  Eicbl. 

Trees  or  erect  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate  or  crowded  at  the 
end  of  branches,  often  2-glandular  at  base.  Flowers  hermaphro- 
dite or  male,  irregularly  mixed  on  the  same  rhachis  in  spikes  or 
heads,  axillary  or  arising  out  of  scales  covering  buds,  shooting  at 
the  same  time  as  the  leaves.  Ovary  lanceolate-cylindrical, 
narrowed  into  a  long  neck.  Calyx  broadly  cup-shaped,  subentire 
or  very  slightly  5-toothed,  soon  falling.  Petals  wanting. 
Stamens  10,  in  2  series,  the  five  lower  opposite  the  calyx-teeth  ; 
anthers  fixed  at  the  enlarged  apex  of  the  filaments.  Disk 
epigynous,  5-lobed,  villose.  Ovules  2  or  3.  Fruit  a  drupe, 
acute  or  acuminate  ;  stone  bony.  Cotyledons  convolute. 

Species  about  8,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 
S.  America. 

B.  eapitata  EicJil.  in  Flora  xlix.  165  (1866)  &  in  FL  Bras. 
xiv.pt.  2,  96  ;  Urb.  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  439  &  viii.  475.  Bucida  eapitata 
VaJil  Edog.  Amer.  i.  50,  t.  8  (1796);  Gaertn.  Fruct.  Hi.  208, 
t.  217;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  14;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  277. 
Hudsonia  arborea  A.  Robinson  ex  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  ii.  310  (1814). 
Cucurbita  arbor  forte.  .  .lanugine  ferruginea  &c.  Sloane  Cat. 
208  <fc  Hist.  ii.  176,  t.  228,  /.  4.  Specimen  from  Ryan,  Mont- 
serrat,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Yellow  Sanders,  Mountain  Wild  Olive. 

On  limestone  hills  ;  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  iii !  Purdie  !  Prior  !  J.P.  2100, 
Morris  !  Ay  ton,  3000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6464;  steep  bank  of  Shooting 
river,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Norman,  197! — Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree,  20-60  ft.  high  ;  young  branches  and  leaves  rusty,  silky-tomentose, 
the  leaf-margins  ciliate  with  silky  hairs,  becoming  more  or  less  glabrous  ; 
leaf-bearing  portions  of  the  branches  thickened  and  bearing  leaf-scars. 
Leaves  4-6 '5 (-8)  cm.  1.,  obovate,  tapering  into  the  petiole,  at  length 
leathery,  more  or  less  shining ;  apex  rounded,  sometimes  emarginate ; 
petiole  to  1'5  cm.  1.  Inflorescence:  rhachis  and  ovary  rusty-tomentose ; 
flowers  in  somewhat  oblong  or  globose  heads.  Calyx  glabrous  without, 
style-base  with  a  tuft  of  hairs.  Drupe  glabrous,  pointed,  2  cm.  1. 

'Wood  of  light  yellow  colour,  takes  a  good  polish,  with  satiny  grain, 
durable,  used  to  make  bedsteads  and  other  furniture,  and  in  cabinet  work. 

4.  CONOCARPUS  L. 

Small  trees  or  shrubs,  erect  or  procumbent.  Leaves  alternate, 
entire,  with  two  glands  on  the  margins  at  the  base  of  the  leaATes, 


Conocarpus 


COMBRETACE/E 


309 


sometimes  with  glands  in  the  axils  of  the  nerves  beneath. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite  and  male,  minute,  densely  crowded  in 
heads  paniculate  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Calyx  cup-like, 
5-cleft  to  the  middle,  falling  after  a  time.  Petals  wanting. 
Stamens  10-5.  Disk  epigynous,  formed  of  5  fleshy  villose 
glands  surrounding  base  of  style.  Ovary  compressed,  constricted 
under  the  calyx,  villose.  Ovules  2  (3).  Fruits  scale-like,  winged, 
curved  outwards  and  downwards,  overlapping,  not  opening, 
1-seeded,  the  flower-head  becoming  a  cone-like  fruiting  head. 
Cotyledons  convolute. 

Species  1  or  2  in  West  Indies,  Florida  and  Keys,  Bahamas, 
tropical  continental  America,  and  west  tropical  Africa. 

C.  ereeta  L.  Sp.  PL  176  (1753)  &  Amoen.  v.  377  ;  Jacq.  Sel. 
Stirp.  Amer.  78,  /.  52,  f.  1  &  Ed.  pict.  t.  78  ;  Gaertn.  Fnn-t.  ii. 
470,  t.  177  ;  Sw.  Obs.  79  ;  Descourt.  FL  Ant.  vi.  68,  t.  399  ; 


Fig.  121. — Conocarpus  ereeta  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and  flower- 
heads  x  H. 
C,  Head  of  fruits  XI?. 


D 


B,  Flower  cut  above  the  calyx-tube  ;    </. 

the  lobed  disk  ;  X  8. 
D,  Single  fruit  X  2. 


Wi-iglit  Mem.  255;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  18;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  In.L 
'lll'\  Eicld.  in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  2,  101,  t.  35,  /'.  2  ;  Sarg.  Siha  v. 
24,  /.  202  ;  Cook  d-  Coll.  in  Contrib.  U.S.  N.  Hb.  v'rii.  124;  Guppi, 
Plants...  W.  Indies  &c.  201  ;  Jlritt.  FL  Jlerni.  260  :  Brltt.  t\-  J////.vy/. 
Bah.  FL  302.  C.  foliis  oblongis  Arc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  15;J  ; 
Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  135,  t.  144, /.  2  A:  Jr.  ined.  t.  3i5.  Alni 
fructu  laui-ifolia  ttc.  Shane  Cat.  135  A:  Hi*t.  ii.  18.  /.  101,  /.  2. 
Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  nanu-il  in  Solander's 
hand.  (Fig.  121.) 


310  n.nliA    OF   JAM AI<  A  Conocarpn>. 

Button  Tree,  Button  }1  a  1 1  gr  <  >  v  e,  Button  Wood. 

Mangrove  swamps,  also  sandy  and  rocky  shores;  Sloane  1  lerb.  v.  63  ! 
Houston  n  I  Unnon'l  ]\'right\  Brought  on  \  Shakcspcarl  Masson\  near 
Kingston,  McNabl  Priori  Ferry;  Lirne  Key;  Drunken  Man  Key; 
Campbell  1  Port  Antonio,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6049,6177  ;  Kingston;  Lucea  ; 
Hitchcock. — Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree  or  shrub,  10-20  ft.  high,  erect  or  prostrate  and  trailing  over  rocks  ; 
very  variable.  Leaves  4-7(-9)  cm.  1.,  lanceolate  to  elliptical,  acute, 
narrowed  into  petiole,  often  decurrent,  glabrescent  or  glabrous.  Calyx 
5-cleft  to  one-third,  about  1  mm.  1.  Fruit  7  mm.  across  the  wings  ; 
exocarp  thin,  impervious ;  endocarp  of  spongy  air-bearing  tissue  outside 
with  a  hard  layer  inside. 

Wood  very  hard,  heavy,  strong  and  close-grained,  dark,  yellow-brown, 
with  thin  lighter  coloured  sapwood ;  a  cubic  foot  of  dry  wood  weighs 
nearly  62  Ibs. ;  it  burns  slowly  like  charcoal,  and  is  highly  valued  for  fuel. 
Bark  bitter  and  astringent,  used  for  tanning,  and  in  medicine  as  an 
astringent  and  tonic  (Sargent).  Used  in  building  boats  and  barges,  also 
for  shelving,  being  very  durable  when  grown  on  dry  ground  ;  it  is  also 
used  to  make  charcoal  for  forges  (Cook  and  Collins). 

Var.  serieea  Griseb.  loc.  cit.  leaves  larger  (to  10  cm.  1.), 
lanceolate,  covered  with  silky  tomentum. — Mangle  foliis  .  .  . 
holosericea  &c.  Sloane  Hist.  ii.  67,  t.  187,  /.  2. 

Old  Harbour  Sloane  Herb.  vi.  64  !  Pedro  Bluff ;  coast  between  Portland 
Point  and  Rocky  Point;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9814. 

5.  LAGUNCULARIA  Gaertn.  f. 

Shrub  or  tree.  Leaves  opposite,  thick  and  leathery,  oblong, 
ovate-oblong,  or  elliptical,  obtuse,  faintly  veined,  with  minute 
glands  on  both  sides  near  the  margin  and  2  glands  at  apex  of 
petiole.  Flowers  mostly  hermaphrodite,  a  few  male  intermixed 
sometimes,  small,  distant  from  one  another  on  axillary  spikes 
and  on  a  terminal  panicle  usually  of  3  spikes,  the  central  one 
sometimes  3-branched ;  inflorescence  tomentose.  Bracteoles  2, 
scale-like,  below  the  calyx.  Calyx  cup-like,  5-cleft  to  the  middle, 
persistent.  Petals  5,  roundish,  soon  falling.  Stamens  10  in  2 
series ;  anthers  cordate,  versatile.  Ovary  crowned  by  the  disk  ; 
stigma  obscurely  2-lobed  Ovules  2.  Fruit  crowned  by  the 
calyx,  elongate-obovoid,  unequally  ribbed,  the  2  lateral  ribs 
produced  into  narrow  wings,  1 -seeded  ;  exocarp  leathery  outside, 
corky  inwards ;  endocarp  thin  and  brittle.  Seed  oblong ;  coty- 
ledons green,  convolute. 

Species  1,  native  of  the  shores  of  the  West  Indies,  eastern 
tropical  America,  and  tropical  W.  Africa. 

L.  raeemosa  Gaertn.  f.  Fruct.  Hi.  209,  t.  217  (1805);  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  19  :  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  276  ;  Eicld.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xw. 
pt,  2,  102,'*.  35,  f.  3;  Sarg.  Silva  v.  29,  t.  203;  Small  Fl. 
S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  831  ;  Cook  &  Coll.  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Hb.  viii. 
173,  t.  43 ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  440  &  viii.  477  ;  Guppy  Plants.  .  . 


Laguncularia 


COMBRETACE.E 


311 


W.  Indies  dx.  221;  Britt.  &  Milltp.  Bah.  Fl.  301.  Mangle 
julifera  foliis  ellipfcicis  ifec.  Sloanc  Hist.  ii.  66.  Conocarpus  foliis 
elliptico-ovatis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  159.  C.  racemosa  L.  $//sf. 


B 


Fig.  122. — Laguncularia  racemosa  Gaertn.  f. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and       B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  ;  6,  bracteole  ; 

flowers  X  f .  X  6. 

C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  ;  w,  \ving  ;  X  !}• 

ed.  10,  930  (1759)  ;  Jacq.  Sel  Stirp.  Amer.  80,  t.  53  &  Ed.  put. 
t.  79 ;  Sw.  Obs.  79.  C.  procumbens  L.  Amain,  v.  377  (non  Syst.). 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus.  (Fig.  122.) 

White  M  a  n  g  r  o  v  e. 

In  marshy  places  on  the  sea-coast;  Sloane  Herb.  vii.  3!  Wright  I 
Broughton\  Lane\  Ferry,  Campbell !  PortMorant;  Port  Antonio;  Hitch- 
cock ;  Lime  Key ;  Ferry ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5852,  8275,  8276.— Distribution 
of  genus. 

Shrubby  small  tree,  but  sometimes  reaching  60  ft.  in  height.  Leaves 
5-11  cm.  1.,  glabrous;  petioles  -5-2  cm.  1.  Calyx  2  mm.  1.  Petals  not 
longer  than  the  calyx,  roundish,  scarcely  clawed.  Fruit  l'5-2  cm.  1. 

"  This  plant  is  as  a  rule  merely  semi-viviparous ;  only  in  rare  instances 
does  one  find  the  radicle  protruding  from  the  fruit  on  the  tree.  Generally 
the  dark-green  embryo  does  not  effect  more  on  the  plant  than  the  rupture 
of  the  thin  seed-coats,  the  protrusion  of  the  hypocotyl  taking  place  shortly 
after  the  fruit  has  dropped  on  the  mud  or  into  the  water."  (Guppy.) 

Wood  heavy,  hard,  strong,  close-grained,  dark  yellow-brown  with 
lighter  coloured  sapwood  ;  a  cubic  foot  of  dry  wood  weighs  45  Ibs.  Bark 
contains  a  large  amount  of  tannic  acid,  and  is  sometimes  used  in  tanning 
leather,  and  as  an  astringent  and  tonic.  (Sargent.) 


FLORA    t'K    JAMAICA  Conthnlum 

6.  COMBRETUM  L. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  usually  climbing.  Leaves  usually  opposite, 
rarely  3  or  4  in  a  whorl,  stalked,  usually  membranous,  entire. 
Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  male  irregularly  mixed,  in  spikes  or 
racemes,  sometimes  on  one  side  only  of  the  rhachis,  the  spikes  or 
racemes  often  paniculate.  Calyx  bell-shaped,  4(-5)-cleft  or 
toothed,  soon  falling.  Petals  4  (5),  small,  inserted  between  the 
lobes  of  the  calyx,  and  falling  away  with  it.  Stamens  8  or  10,  in 
2  series.  Ovary  ovoid  or  oblong,  4-5-angled,  constricted  under 
the  calyx.  Ovules  2-6.  Fruit  leathery  or  somewhat  spongy, 
not  opening,  4-6-angled  or  4-6-winged,  wings  usually  mem- 
branous, 1 -seeded.  Cotyledons  angled,  folded,  twisted  and 
folded,  or  deeply  furrowed. 

Species  about  350,  from  tropical  and  subtropical  regions, 
excluding  Australia  and  Polynesia. 

Leaves  12-25  cm.  L,  9-11  crn.  br.,  elliptical,  shortly  and 
abruptly  acuminate,  base  auriculate,  auricles  over- 
lapping petiole  1.  C.  Bobinsonii. 

Leaves  8-12  cm.  L,  2 '2-3 '8  cm.  br.,  oblong  or  lanceolate, 

apex  obtuse,  mucronate,  narrowed  to  tbe  obtuse  base  2.  C.  Marchii. 

1.  C.  Robinsonii  Faioc.   &   Itendle  in  Jonrn.  Bot.   Ixiii.   115 
(1925).     Combretum   A.  Robinson    Mss.  d-  Ic.  ined.      C.  laxum 
Sw.  Obs.  143  (1791)  (non  Jacq.)  1 ;  Nacf.  Jam,  ii.  20.     C.  Jacquini 
Griseb.    Fl.   Br.    W.  Ind.    275    (I860)'  (only  with    reference    to 
Macf.  Jamaica).     (Fig.  123,  D.) 

Ked  Withe. 

Banks  of  river  to  windward  of  Lucea  and  in  morass  near  Pauls  Island, 
Westmoreland,  Robinson ;  thickets  at  west  end  of  island,  Macfadyen ; 
banks  of  Black  river,  near  Lacovia  (leaves  and  fruit  only)  Harris  \ 

Shrub,  stem  climbing  to  a  height  of  30-50  ft.  over  trees,  2  inches  in 
diam.,  bark  reddish-brown.  Leaves  12-25  cm.  1.,  9-11  cm.  br.,  elliptical, 
shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate,  base  auriculate,  auricles  overlapping  the 
short  ('5  cm.)  tomentose  petiole.  Calyx  cup-shaped,  4-toothed,  villose 
within.  Petals  4,  transversely  elliptical,  clawed,  whitish-yellow,  nearly  as 
long  as  the  calyx-tube.  Stamens  8,  of  varying  lengths,  as  long  as,  or 
slightly  exceeding,  the  petals.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens,  with  acute 
apex.  Fruit  4-winged,  3-4  cm.  L,  shortly  pedicellate.  Seed  4-furrowed, 
surface  rough. 

Flowers  not  seen ;  the  description  is  taken  partly  from  that  of  Robinson 
and  Macfadyen,  and  partly  from  Robinson's  drawing. 

2.  C.  Marehii  Fawc.  <t  Itendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixiii.  115  (1925). 
Type  in  Herb.  Kew.     (Fig.  123,  A-C.) 

Locality  in  Jamaica  not  stated,  March  1863  ! 

Shrub ;  branchlets,  when  young,  rhachis  and  branches  of  inflorescence, 
and  petioles,  pubescent-tomentose  with  brownish  hairs.  Leaves  8-12  cm.  L, 
2 -2-3 '8  cm.  br.,  oblong-lanceolate,  apex  obtuse,  mucronate,  narrowed  to 
the  obtuse  base;  petioles  4-6  mm.  1.  Flowers  densely  spicate  on  the 
spreading  branches  of  a  terminal  panicle,  8-15  cm.  1. ;  spikes  cylindrical, 


Combretum 


COMBRETACE^E 


313 


2-3  cm.  1.  Calyx  bowl-shaped,  with  4  shallow  lobes,  villose  within, 
sparsely  puberulous  outside,  about  1  mm.  1.  Petals  transversely  elliptical ; 
limbs  -5- -6  mm.  1.,  -7-1 '2  mm.  br. ;  claws  -2- -3  mm.  1.  Stamens  about 


B 


Fig.  123. — Combretum  Marchii  Fawc.  &  Keiidle. 

A.  Portion  of  flowering  branch  with  C,  Ditto  cut  lengthwise  x  11. 

leaves  and  inflorescence  X  §.  1>,  Fruit  of  C.  Robinsonii  X  jj. 

B,  Flower  x  5'. 

3   mm.  1.     Style   as  long  as   the   stamens.      Ovary   1-7  mm.  1.,  densely 
ferrugineo-tonientose.     Fruit  not  known. 

Quisqualis  indica  L.,  a  native  of  Malaya  and  northern  India,  is  common 
in  gardens  and  on  adjoining  fences.     It  is  remarkable  for  the  very  long 
calyx-tube  (1^-2^  inches  long).     The  5  petals  are  rose  or   scarlet;  seed- 
about  1  inch  with  very  sharp  angles,  scarcely  winged. 


FAMILY  LXXXIX.     MYRTACE^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  simple,  usually  entire,  opposite  (in 
AN'.  Indian  species),  rarely  alternate,  with  resinous  or  pellucid 
glandular  dots,  sometimes  small  with  one  or  more  nerves, 
sometimes  larger,  pinnate-nerved.  Stipules  usually  wanting. 


314  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Psidium 

Inflorescence  simple,  racemose,  or  racemose-paniculate,  rarely 
cymose,  axillary  or  subterminal  when  the  terminal  bud  is  not 
developed.  Bracts  solitary  at  the  base  of  the  peduncles,  or 
overlapping  when  the  lower  flowers  are  not  developed.  Bracteoles 
-  opposite,  often  quickly  dropping,  rarely  wanting.  Flowers 
generally  regular  or  subregular,  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous. 
Calyx  :  tube  (receptacle)  adherent  to  the  ovary  at  the  base  or 
even  to  the  insertion  of  the  stamens ;  limb  generally  equally 
divided  into  4-5  lobes  or  segments,  overlapping  in  bud,  some- 
times subentire  and  truncate,  or  undivided  in  bud  and  splitting 
valvately  in  the  flower.  Petals  4-5  (6),  or  fewer,  or  wanting, 
inserted  at  the  margin  of  a  disk,  in  the  bud  generally  broadly 
overlapping,  and  forming  a  globe,  the  outer  often  wholly 
enclosing  the  inner,  sometimes  more  or  less  united,  or  doubled 
together  like  a  cap,  which  drops  off  during  flowering.  Disk 
clothing  the  calyx-tube,  the  margin  bearing  the  stamens  forming 
a  thin  ring  or  broad  and  thick  almost  closing  the  mouth  of  the 
calyx.  Stamens  generally  indefinite,  inflexed  or  involute  in  bud, 
variously  inserted  in  one  or  more  series  on  the  disk.  Anther : 
connective  with  a  small  globular  gland,  or  sometimes  prolonged. 
Ovary  inferior,  or  sometimes  half -inferior,  sometimes  1 -celled, 
more  often  with  2  or  more  cells,  with  the  placentas  attached  to 
the  axis.  Style  simple  with  small  terminal  capitate  stigma. 
Ovules  2  or  more  on  each  placenta.  Fruit  sometimes  inferior  or 
more  or  less  superior,  sometimes  a  loculicidal  capsule,  (in 
~W.  Indian  species)  a  berry  or  drupe.  Seeds  one  or  more ; 
endosperm  usually  none. 

Species  about  2750,  mostly  in  the  tropics  and  Australia,  a 
few  in  the  temperate  regions  of  the  northern  hemisphere  and  in 
extra-tropical  Africa. 

Calyx-limb  in  bud  undivided,  during  flowering  splitting 

irregularly  or  down  to  the  disk 1.  Psidium. 

Calyx-limb  in  bud  undivided,  during  flowering  falling 

off  like  a  lid   2.  Calyptranthcs. 

Calx-limb  in  bud  with  4  or  5  lobes,  during  flowering 

not  splitting  deeper. 
Calyx-lobes  4.     Petals  4. 

Stigma   peltate,   thicker   than  style.     Ovule  1   in 

each  cell,  hanging  from  apex 3.  Pimenta. 

Stigma  small.     Ovules  few  to  numerous  in  each 

cell,  attached  to  the  partition-wall 6.  Eugenia. 

Calyx-lobes  5.     Petals  5.     Stigma  small. 

Ovules  6-7   in   each  cell,  attached   to   margin   of 

placenta  at  top  of  partition-wall  4.  Amomis. 

Ovules  2  in  each  cell,  side  by  side 5.  Mijrcia. 

• 

1.  PSIDIUM  L. 

Trees,    shrubs,    or   rarely   undershrubs.      Flowers  generally 
somewhat    large,    usually    1-3,    cymose,   on    axillary   peduncles. 


Psidium  MYRTACE.E  315 

Calyx-lobes  wanting  or  4  or  5  ;  undivided  in  bud  in  Jamaican 
species  ;  during  flowering  usually  splitting  valvately  to  the  disk. 
Petals  4  or  5,  spreading.  Stamens  numerous,  usually  in  indefinite 
series  on  a  broad  disk,  free.  Ovary  4-5(2-7)-celled  ;  stigma 
peltate  or  capitate ;  ovules  indefinite  in  each  cell,  attached  to  a 
central  placenta,  often  2-cleft.  Berry  crowned,  or  not,  by  the 
calyx.  Seeds  somewhat  kidney-shaped,  with  a  hard  coat; 
embryo  curved,  horseshoe-shaped,  or  almost  a  ring,  with  a  very 
long  radicle  and  small  cotyledons. 

Species  about  120,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  sub- 
tropical and  tropical  America,  one  cultivated  in  the  tropics  of 
the  whole  world. 

Leaves     elliptical,     elliptical-oblong,     or     elliptical- 
lanceolate. 

Leaves  (beneath),  inflorescence  and  young  branches 
pubescent  or  velvety.     Buds  constricted  under 
calyx. 
Lateral  leaf-nerves  many  (more  than  10)  ;  midrib 

and  veins  impressed  on  upper  surface 1.  P.  Guajava. 

Lateral  nerves  usually  less  than  10  ;  midrib  and 

veins  scarcely  impressed  on  upper  surface [P'.  guineense.~\ 

Leaves  and  inflorescence  glabrous.     Buds  not  con- 
stricted under  calyx  2.  P.montanum. 

Leaves  roundish. 

Leaves  petiolate.     Ovary  4-5-celled  3.  P.  albescens. 

Leaves  sessile.     Ovary  2-celled 4.  P.  Harrisianum. 

1.  P.  Guajava  L.  Sp.  PL  470  (1753)  &  Amcen,  v.  379  ;  Url).  in 
Engl.  Jalirl).  xlx.  565,  Sijmb.  Ant.  iv.  441  &  viii.  478;  Cook  &  Coll. 
in  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  Eb.  viii.  224  ;  Britt.  Fl  Berm.  262  ;  Britt.  <\- 
Millsp.  Bali.  Fl.  307.  P.  pyriferum  L.  82).  PL  ed.  2,  672  (1762) ; 
Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  L  350  ;  Wright  Mem.  278  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  it. 
20,  t.  72  ;  Bot,  Eeg.  t.  1079  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  106.  P.  pomiferurn 
L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  672  (1762);  Tussac  Fl.  Ant.  ii.  92,  t.  22. 
P.  Guava  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  241  (1860).  P.  fruticosum  &c. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  238.  P.  fragrans  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  108  (1850). 
Malo  punicge  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  198,  199,  200,  &  Hist.  ii.  161,  163. 
(Fig.  124.) 

Sloane  Herb.  vii.  87  1  Wright !  Cuming  !  McNab  !  Parnell !  Prior  \ 
Constant  Spring ;  Bog  Walk ;  Port  Morant ;  Hitchcock  ;  Green  Valley  ; 
Hope  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5117. — West  Indies,  tropical  continental  America  ; 
cultivated  in  Bermuda,  Florida,  and  Old  World. 

Shrub  or  tree,  15(-20)  ft.  high ;  young  branches  4-cornered,  these  and 
under  side  of  leaves,  peduncles  and  buds,  more  or  less  silky  with  adpressed 
hairs  or  velvety.  Leaves  5-12  cm.  L,  elliptical  to  oblong,  apex  acute  or 
obtuse,  generally  apiculate,  base  rounded  or  obtuse,  papery,  with  numerous 
minute  glandular  dots,  pellucid  in  very  young  leaves,  on  upper  surface 
glabrous  or  minutely  puberulous ;  midrib  and  nerves  impressed  on  upper 
surface,  very  prominent  beneath,  nerves  numerous ;  petiole  3-5  mm.  1. 
Flowers  solitary  or  3  together;  pedicels  1-2-5  cm.  1.  Buds  constricted 
under  the  calyx.  Calyx  at  length  cleft  irregularly;  lobes  1-1 '5  cm.  1. 


316 


n.oR.Y    OF    JAMAICA 


/'.s /<//// m 


/'.  ftils  !•")  -  on.  1.,  white,  with  little  smell.  J-'niif  pear-shaped  or  globose, 
::  r>  cm.  in  uiam.,  yellow,  with  red  or  yellow  pulp. 

A  form  with  narrow  nbluiig  leaves  is  /'.  (lutijiira  v.  Cujtirillinn  l\  i . 
A  I'rb.  in  F,ngl.  JuJirh.  :ri.r.  566  (/'.  jmunlitiii  Yah],  /'.  f/'<i<ir<i us  Macf.). 

Fruit  usually  stewed  with  su.uar  and  served  \\ith  milk,  or  used  to  make 
the  famous  jelly.  Bark  useful  for  tanning  leather.  A  decoction  of  the 


Fig.  124. — Psidliini  Guajava  L. 

A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf,  bud,  and        C,  Ovary  cut  across  X  0. 

ilower,  X  q.  D,  Fruit  x  5. 

B3  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  H.  E,  Seed  cut  to  show  the  embryo  X  7. 

bark,  young  leaves  and  unripe  fruit,  being  astringent,  has  been  given  as  a 
remedy  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Wood  small,  but  of  a  compact 
texture,  very  hard  and  tough,  used  for  cattle  yokes  and  agricultural 
implements  where  strength  and  elasticity  are  needed. 

[P.  guineense  Sw.  Prodr.  77  (1788)  &  Fl  Iml.  Occ.  881  ; 
Urb.  in  Engl.  Jaltrl).  xix.  567,  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  478,  &  ix.  82. 
P.  polycarpum  A.  Anders,  ex  Lamb,  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xi.  231, 
t.  17  (1815);  Berg  in  Fl,  Bras,  xiv.pt.  1,  398;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind,  241.  Specimen  from  Swartz  (cultivated  in  Hispaniola) 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Cultivated  or  subspontaneous;  J.P.  898  Hart  \  Davids  Hill,  Campbell  \ 
Resource ;  Hope  grounds,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6871,  6919 ;— also  in  W.  Indies, 
considered  indigenous  in  Cuba,  Trinidad,  and  tropical  continental  America. 

Slirub,  4  ft.  high;  branches  straggling  horizontally,  young  cylindrical 
or  compressed,  these,  and  leaves,  especially  on  the  under  side,  petioles, 
peduncles  and  buds,  densely  pubescent  or  velvety.  Leaves  6-13  cm.  L, 
elliptical  to  oblong-elliptical,  apex  obtuse,  or  rounded,  often  apiculate, 
base  wedge-shaped  to  rounded,  leathery  to  papery,  with  numerous  minute 


Psidium  MYRTACE^E  317 

glandular  dots  more  or  less  pellucid,  on  upper  surface  puberulous  ;  midrib 
impressed  011  upper  surface,  very  prominent  beneath ;  nerves  fewer  than 
in  P.  Guajava,  flat  or  slightly  prominent  on  upper  surface,  very  prominent 
beneath ;  veins  forming  a  flexuose  line  midway  between  the  nerves ; 
petioles  5-13  mm.  1.  Peduncles  solitary  or  twin,  1-3-  or  more-flowered. 
Buds  constricted  under  the  calyx,  not  divided.  Calyx  at  length  cleft 
irregularly.  Fruit  obovoid-globose,  ovoid,  or  subglobose,  about  2  cm.  in 
diam.,  yellow. 

Fruit  edible,  tastes  much  like  a  strawberry.] 

2.  P.  montanum  Sw.  Prodr.  77  (1788)  &  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  879  ; 
Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  351  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  108;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W. 
Ind.  242  ;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  567.  P.  arboreum  &c.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  239.  P.  Wrightii  Herb.  Lambert  ex  Wriglt  Mem.  278 
(1828). 

Wright  I  Macfadyenl  St.  Mary,  McNabl  Wilson !  Moneague,  Priori 
Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1278,  A/orris!  Chester  Vale,  Watt !  Tweedside,  Green 
river ;  near  Cinchona  ;  Chester  Vale  ;  Whitfield  Hall  (about  4000  ft.) ;  near 
Troy,  2000  ft. ;  Cato,  Chester  Vale,  3000  ft. ;  near  Guy's  Hill,  St.  Ann, 
1800  ft. ;  flan-is !  Fl.  Jam.  5026,  5122,  5156,  5201,  5333,  5408,  8769,  9406, 
10,016,  12,036. 

Tree,  30-50(-100)  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets  4-cornered,  glabrous  or 
sometimes  glabrescent.  Leaves  3-9  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or 
elliptical-lanceolate,  apex  acuminate,  sometimes  obtuse,  base  obtuse,  or 
wedge-shaped,  sometimes  rounded,  upper  surface  shining,  papery  or  some- 
what leathery,  with  numerous  minute  glandular  dots  more  or  less  pellucid, 
glabrous,  on  upper  surface,  midrib  impressed,  nerves  flat  or  impressed, 
veins  indistinct,  beneath  midrib  very  prominent,  nerves  slightly  pro- 
minent, veins  few,  somewhat  indistinct ;  petiole  3-6  mm.  1.  Floiuers  with 
fragrance  of  bitter  almonds,  solitary,  sometimes  forming  a  false  raceme, 
the  leaves  having  dropped,  or  remaining  small ;  pedicels  1-3  cm.  1.  Buds 
glabrous,  not  constricted  under  the  calyx,  not  divided.  Calyx  at  length 
cleft  irregularly  into  2  or  3  lobes  ;  lobes  4-5  mm.  1.,  white-villose  within. 
Petals  white,  about  1  cm.  1.  Fruit  subglobose,  green,  about  2  cm.  in  diam. 
Wood  hard,  tough,  variegated,  useful  for  gun-stocks,  &c.,  not  durable  in 
earth.  Fruit  edible,  very  fragrant,  and  is  considered  by  some  to  have  a 
more  delicate  flavour  than  the  common  Guava.  "  When  ripe,  it  perfumes 
the  air  for  a  considerable  distance  "  (Harris). 

P.  cordatum  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  242  (noil  Sims)  (so  far  as  regards 
the  Jamaican  specimen),  P.  ?  pulveruleiituni  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jalirb. 
xix.  567,  is  Pisonia  obtusata  Jacq.  fide  Urban  in  Symb.  Ant.  v.  442,  06s.  2. 

3.  P.  albescens  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  441  (1908). 

In  fl.  June,  July;  in  fr.  Nov. ;  Long  Mt.,  south  side,  road  to  Wareka, 
600  ft.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9583,  9998. 

Bushy  tree,  15-20  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets  glabrous,  whitish,  with 
small  brownish  glands.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  1.,  roundish,  obovate-roundish  to 
obovate,  leathery,  margin  slightly  recurved,  midrib  broadly  prominulous 
below,  narrowly  upwards,  lateral  nerves  proceeding  from  the  midrib  at  a 
very  acute  angle,  on  both  sides  prominulous,  marked  on  both  sides  with 
numerous  minute  glandular  dots  more  or  less  pellucid,  upper  surface 
shining,  lower  opaque  and  somewhat  paler ;  petiole  3-8  mm.  1.  Inflorescences 
axillary  and  apparently  terminal;  peduncle  1-5  mm.  1.,  1-6- flowered ; 
pedicels  10-4  mm.  1.  Buds  globulose,  not  divided,  apex  rounded.  Calyx 
glandular-granulate;  limb  6  mm.  1.,  bursting  irregularly  into  2  or  3  lobes 
down  to  the  disk.  Petals  5,  white,  soon  falling.  Ovary  4-5-celled. 


31  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 

4.  P.  Harrisianum  Urb.  Syml.  Ant.  vii.  294 

In  ft.  July  ;  Peckham  woods,   Clarendon,  2500  ft.,   Harris  I  Fl.   Jam. 
11,0 

•;ib,  9  ft.  high;  branches  glabrous,  grey,  with  longitudinal  chinks. 
3 '5-8  cm.  1.,  sessile,  roundish,  ovate,  or  obovate,  apex  rounded  or 
subtruncate,  base  rounded,  subtruncate,  or  subcordate,  midrib  on  upper 
surface  slightly  impressed  near  base,  becoming  prominent  above,  lateral 
nerves  spreading,  leathery,  margin  recurved,  covered  densely  on  both  sides 
with  dots  more  or  less  pellucid,  glabrous,  shining.  Inflorescence  terminal, 
racemose,  4-6  flowers  in  decussating  pairs  (in  the  single  specimen  seen) ; 
pedicels  about  3  mm.  1.  Buds  globulose,  not  divided,  with  rounded  apex. 
Calyx  outside  densely  glaudulose-granulate ;  limb  bursting  irregularly  to 
the  disk  in  2  or  3  irregular  lobes,  2 -5-3  mm.  1.  Petals  4,  leathery, 
glandular-dotted,  soon  falling.  Ovary  2-celled. 

P.  Cattleianum  Sabine,  Purple  Guava,  a  native  of  Brazil,  a  small 
tree  with  obovate-elliptical  leaves,  is  planted  for  its  fruit. 


2.  CALYPTRANTHES  Sw. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Flowers  small ;  peduncles  axillary  and 
subterminal,  cyniose  or  paniculate,  primary  and  secondary 
branches  of  the  panicles  usually  racemose,  the  ultimate  cymose. 
Calyx -tube  (receptacle)  prolonged  above  the  ovary.  Calyx-limb 
undivided  in  bud,  during  flowering  separating  like  a  lid,  but 
remaining  attached  at  one  point.  Petals  2-5,  very  small,  or 
wanting.  Stamens  indefinite,  free.  Ovary  inferior,  2-3-celled  ; 
ovules  2,  side  by  side,  attached  to  the  inner  angle  of  each  cell. 
Berry  crowned  by  the  receptacle.  Seeds  generally  1  or  2, 
subglobose ;  radicle  somewhat  long,  incurved ;  cotyledons  some- 
what large,  twisted  and  folded. 

Species  about  70,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical 
America. 

Leaves  small,   l'S-5   cm.   1.      Twigs   of    first  year 
2-keeled   or   2-winged.      Inflorescence   glabrous 
(but  peduncles  of  C.  Maxonii  tomentose). 
Leaves  more  or  less  acuminate.    Petioles  2-5  mm.  1. 
Twigs  2-keeled. 

Peduncles  solitary,  with  3-1  flowers    1.  C.  rigida. 

Peduncles  about  4  together,  with  15-30  flowers...     2.  C.  Fawcettii. 
Leaf-apex  obtuse  or  roundish.     Petioles  very  short 
or  none.     Twigs  2-winged 

Leaves  elliptical,  base  acute 3.  C.  Wilsonii. 

Leaves  ovate-roundish,  base  subcordate 4.   C.  Maxonii. 

Leaves  of  moderate  size,  2 '5-7  cm  1.  Twigs  of  first 
year  compressed  (2-edged,  sometimes  slightly 
tomentose  in  C.  pattens). 

Apex  of  leaves  obtuse,  sometimes  shortly  acumin- 
ate.    Inflorescence  not  tomentose  nor  velvety. 

^Midrib  prominent  on  upper  surface 5.  C.  Zuzygium. 

Midrib  impressed  in  lower  half  of  upper  surface ; 

peduncles  keeled   6.  C.  umbelliformis. 


Calyptrantkes  MYRTACE^  319 

Midrib  impressed  011  upper  surface;   peduncles 

compressed 7.  C.  impressa. 

Apex  long  acuminate. 

Inflorescence  glabrous 8.  C.  acutissima. 

Inflorescence  with,  reddish  velvety  indumentum    9.  C.  pattens. 
Leaves   somewhat  large,  5-15  cm.  1.,  apex  usually 
long  acuminate.     Twigs  of  first  year  compressed 
or  subcylindrical.     Inflorescence  usually  reddish 
velvety. 
Inflorescence    usually  longer  than  leaf.       Leaves 

4-9  cm.  1 10.  C.  chytraculia. 

Inflorescence  shorter  than  leaf. 

Leaves   beneath   at   base   and   on  midrib,   also 

petioles,  tcmentose,  to  10  cm.  1 11.  C.  Urbanii. 

Leaves  and  petioles  glabrous. 

Petioles  5-7  mm.  1.     Leaves  to  15  cm.  1.,  long 

acuminate  12.  C.  nodosa. 

Petioles   15-20   mm.  1.     Leaves  to  10  cm.  1., 

shortly  acuminate    13.  C.  Tussaceana. 

Leaves  very  large,  26-37  cm.  1.,  apex  long  acuminate, 

base  cordate  14.  C.  discolor. 

1.  C.  rigida   Sw.  Prodr.  80  (1788)   &   FL   Lid.    Occ.  .923; 
Griseb.   FL   Br.    W.    Ind.   233,  &   Gat.    Cub.   86  ;    Urb.   in  Engl 
Jahrb.  xix.  603.     Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Catherine  Peak,  St.  Andrew,  Swartz  ! — Cuba. 

Tree,  12-15  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  youngest  branchlets  2-keeled.  Leaves 
5-2 '5  cm.  1.,  ovate,  ovate-lanceolate,  or  elliptical,  apex  acutely  or  obtusely 
acuminate,  base  obtuse  to  wedge-shaped  ;  midrib  on  upper  surface  slightly 
impressed,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  on  upper  surface  not  evident  or 
slightly  impressed,  beneath  not  evident  or  slightly  prominent,  veins  not 
evident ;  with  minute  dots  on  both  sides  bat  scarcely  evident,  not  pellucid, 
leathery,  margin  slightly  recurved  ;  petiole  2-5  mm.  1.  Peduncles  solitary, 
axillary,  usually  about  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  somewhat  shorter,  erect, 
3(l)-flowered  ;  pedicels  as  long  as  the  flower.  Buds  globulose,  subglabrous. 
Flowers  white,  small.  Calyx  subglobose,  minutely  mucronate,  2  mm.  in 
<diam.  Petals  wanting.  Berry  subglobose,  minute,  1-seeded. 

2.  C.  Fawcettii  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl  Jahrb.  xix.  600  (1895). 

In  fl.  Sept.,  in  fr.  Feb.,  March;  near  Newhaven  Gap,  Blue  Mts., 
Sullivan  \  also  Harris !  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1500  ft.  Harris  & 
Brittonl  Crofts  Mt.,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.;  John  Crow  Peak,  Blue  Mts., 
6000  ft.,  Harris  1  Fl.  Jam.  5036,  5213,  5358,  10,775,  12,901. 

Shrub  or  tree,  7-30  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  branchlets  of  last  and  this  year 
2-keeled.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  apex  more  or  less 
acuminate  with  blunt  tip,  base  acute  or  somewhat  wedge-shaped  ;  midrib 
on  upper  surface  impressed,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  on  upper  surface 
slightly  impressed  or  not  evident,  beneath  slightly  prominent,  veizis  not 
evident,  with  numerous  minute  dots  on  upper  surface,  not  pellucid, 
leathery,  margin  recurved ;  petiole  3-5  mm.  1.  Inflorescences  paniculate, 
with  15-30  flowers,  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  slightly  overtopping  them, 
peduncles  about  4  together,  often  with  two  vegetative  branchlets,  umbel-like, 
at  the  ends  of  branches.  Flowers  at  the  apex  of  the  branchlets,  in  threes, 
sessile,  the  lateral  flowers  rarely  shortly  stalked.  Buds  obovoid,  3  mm.  1. 
Berry  globose,  5-6  mm.  in  diam.,  dark  red. 


.".20  FI.nUA    OK    JAMAICA  Calyptrantlirx 

3.  C.  Wilsonii  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  233  (1860).      Urb.  t<nn. 
clt.  603.     Specimen  named  by  Grisebach  in  Herb.  Ke\v. 

"  Eastern  peak  of  John  Crow  Hill,  near  Bath,  3000  ft."  Wilson  !  eastern 
slope  of  south  end  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Alts.,  Harris  &  Britton\  Fl. 
Jam.  10,747. 

Small  free  or  shrub,  10  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  youngest  branchlets  flat, 
2-edged,  with  longitudinal  wings,  with  a  gland  at  base  between  the  petioles. 
Leaves  2-3  cm.  1.,  1-5-1  cm.  br.,  elliptical,  apex  obtuse,  base  acute,  veins 
not  evident,  papery,  pellucid-dotted;  petioles  very  short.  Pedicels 
16-8  mm.  1.,  much  longer  than  the  flower,  very  slender,  2  together  or 
solitary  in  the  axils.  Calyx  3  mm.  1.,  scarcely  1  mm.  in  diam.,  ellipsoidal- 
linear,  acuminate.  Petals  wanting. 

4.  C.  Maxonii  Britton  <i-  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  cii.  296  (1912). 

In  fl.  June;  near  Troy,  Maxon  2896. 

Branches  of  last  year  glabrous,  2- winged,  2-forked.  Leaves  1  *  8-2  •  3  cm.  L 
&  br.,  sessile,  ovate-roundish,  apex  roundish,  base  subcordate ;  midrib  on 
upper  surface  impressed,  nerves  (and  veins)  on  upper  surface  slightly 
prominent  or  scarcely  evident,  beneath  prominent,  not  pellucid-dotted', 
leathery,  margin  more  or  less  recurved.  Inflorescences  2-3,  terminal ; 
peduncles  about  2  cm.  L,  brownish-tomentose,  bearing  3  heads  of  (to  12) 
sessile  flowers,  the  2  lateral  heads  more  or  less  stalked.  Buds  narrowly 
obovate,  with  brownish  hairs,  scarcely  2  •  5  mm.  1. 

We  have  not  seen  Maxon's  specimen. 

5.  C.  Zuzygium  Sw.  Prodr.  79  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  919, 
t.  5,  fig.  a-f ,  I.  (sub  C.  Syzygio) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  Ill;   Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ind.  232  (sub  C.  Syzygio) ;   Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  595. 
&  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  480  (sub  C.  syzygio) ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL 
307.     C.  rigida  Macf.  Jam.  ii.   110  (1850)  (non  Sw.).     Myrtus. 
Zuzygium  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1056  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  398,   379. 
Suzygium   fruticosum    &c.    Browne    Hist.    Jam.  240,  t.   7,  /.   2. 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnseus  Myrtus  Syzygiuin. 
(Fig.  125.) 

In  fl.  June- Aug. ;  Wright !  Macfadyen !  Moneague,  Prior  I  Port  Royal 
Alts.  (Silver  Hill,  near  Guava  Ridge,  Tweedside,  Chester  Vale,  near 
Bryans  Hill,  road  to  Sheldon) ;  Harris  1  Upper  Liguanea  plain  (Norwood, 
600  ft. ;  Cherry  Garden,  600  ft. ;  Mona  woodland,  1000  ft.) ;  Campbell !  also 
Harris !  Hope  Mines,  750  ft.  ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.  and  2500  ft.  ;  Potsdam, 
Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  2600  ft.;  Potsdam  Hill,  2200  ft.;  Chester  Vale,  Port 
Royal  Mts.,  3000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  between  Constant 
Spring  and  Bardowie,  800  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5027-5029,  5040,  5073- 
5075,  5178,  5324,  5338,  5549,  5735,  5766,  6541,  8366,  8550,  8718,  9752,  9804, 
10,022,  11,056,  12,103.— Florida  (fide  Britton),  Bahamas,  Cuba,  HispanTola. 

Shrub  8-10  ft.  or  tree  15-25  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  twigs  of  first  yeai% 
2-edged,  of  previous  year  usually  cylindrical.  Leaves  2  •  5-5  cm.  1.,  elliptical, 
sometimes  somewhat  obovate  or  ovate,  usually  shortly  and  abruptly 
acuminate,  with  blunt  tip,  base  running  down  into  the  very  short  petiole ; 
midrib  and  nerves  flat  or  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides,  veins  scarcely 
evident,  with  numerous  minute  dots  on  both  sides,  not  pellucid,  leathery, 
margin  more  or  less  recurved ;  petioles  2-4  mm.  1.  Inflorescences  longer 
(sometimes  shorter)  than  the  leaf,  with  numerous  white  flowers ;  peduncles 
1*5-4 '5  cm.  L,  rising  3-4  together  umbel-like  from  a  terminal  node  with 
two  vegetative  branches,  forming  a  raceme  or  panicle,  with  stalked  flowers 


Calyptranihes 


MYRTACE^E 


321 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flower- 

buds,  and  flowers,  x  §. 

B,  Flower-bud  X  4. 


Fig.  125. — Calyptranthes  Zuzyyium  Sw. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

D,  Fruit  with  the  persistent  calyx-lini!> 

X  2. 


at  ends  of  branches ;  pedicels  4-8  mm.  1.  Buds  obovoid-globose,  with 
rounded  apex  or  very  shortly  mucronate.  Calyx-tube  2-2  •  5  mm.  1. 
Petals  wanting.  Berry  globose,  7-9  mm.  in  diarn.,  with  3  or  4  seeds,  but 
only  one  becoming  mature. 

6.  C.   umbelliformis   Kr.   d-    Urb.   in  Engl.   Jalirl}.  xix.   596 
(1895). 

Vinegar  Hill,  Blue  Mts.  ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5300,  5998. 

Shrub  or  tree,  10-20  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  branchlets  of  first  year  com- 
pressed, not  keeled.  Leaves  4-5  cm.  1.,  broadly  rhombeo-oval,  oval,  or  the 
highest  oval-oblong,  apex  very  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  base  wedge- 
shaped  and  prolonged  into  the  petiole  ;  midrib  on  the  upper  surface  flat  or 
slightly  impressed  towards  the  base,  nerves  on  both  sides  flat  or  slightly 
prorninent,  veins  on  the  upper  surface  only  evident,  reticulate ;  with 
numerous  minute  dots  on  both  sides,  not  pellucid,  somewhat  leathery, 
margin  recurved  ;  petiole  4-6  mm.  1.  Inflorescences  many-flowered  (15-27), 
overtopping  the  leaf ;  peduncles  3-5  cm.  1.,  keeled  on  edges,  crowded  several 
together  (4-15),  umbel-like  at  the  ends  of  branches,  once  or  twice  3-forked 
with  3  sessile  flowers  at  apex.  Calyx-tube  top-shaped,  2 '5-3  mm.  1. 
Buds  narrowly  obovate,  apiculate,  3 '5-4  mm.  1.  Berry  depressed-globose, 
5-6  mm.  in  diam. 

7.  C.  impressa  Urb.  Synib.  Ant.  v.  442  (1908). 

In  fl.  Aug. ;  Mabess  river,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7701. 

Tree,  26  ft.  high,  glabrous ;  branchlets  of  this  year  somewhat  com- 
pressed, not  keeled.  Leaves  4-5' 5  cm.  1.,  variable  on  the  same  branch, 
shortly  obovate,  subrhomboid  to  ovate-elliptical,  apex  rounded  or  obtusely 
V.  Y 


322  FLORA  OF  JAMAICA  Calyptrcmthes 

acuminate,  running  down  as  a  margin  to  the  petiole  ;  midrib  on  upper 
.surface  impressed,  prominent  beneath,  nerves  on  both  sides  slightly 
prominent,  veins  on  upper  surface  very  slightly  prominent,  not  evident 
beneath ;  with  numerous  minute  dots,  not  pellucid,  leathery,  margin 
recurved;  petiole  8-5  mm.  1.  In/larescenccs  few-flowered,  overtopping  the 
leaf ;  peduncles  1  or  2,  4-7  cm.  1.,  with  1  or  2  vegetative  branches  whorled 
at  end  of  branches,  twice  3-forked,  the  extreme  branchlets  bearing 
3-flowered  cymules.  Flowers  sessile  or  very  shortly  stalked  (1*5  mm.  1.). 
Calyx-tube  top-shaped,  3  mm.  1. 

8.  C.  acutissima  Urb.  Syrub.  Ant.  vi.  22  (1909). 

In  fr.  March ;  Dolphin  Head,  1800  ft.,  Harris  Fl.  Jam.  10,270. 

Tree,  20  ft.,  glabrous;  branchlets  of  this  year  slightly  compressed,  not 
keeled.  Leaves  5-6'5  cm.  1.,  oblong-lanceolate  to  elliptical-oblong, 
acuminate  with  long  and  narrow  tip,  base  obtuse  or  rounded  contracted 
into  the  petiole  and  forming  a  margin  to  it  above  ;  midrib  on  upper  surface 
slightly  impressed,  nerves  on  upper  surface  not  evident,  scarcely  so  beneath, 
not  pellucid-dotted,  leathery;  petioles  5-6  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  (in  fruit) 
equalling  the  leaf,  apparently  few-flowered;  peduncle  2*5-5  cm.  1.  Berry 
globose,  dotted,  7-9  mm.  1.,  8-10  mm,  br.,  apparently  sessile  or  with  very 
short  pedicel,  the  branchlet  simulating  a  pedicel  7  mm.  1. 

9.  C.  pallens  Griseb.  (Vecj.  Kar.)  in  Goett.  Abh.  mi.  67  (1857) 
&  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  233  ;  Urb.  torn.  cit.  598  &  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  480  ; 
Britt.  d-  milsp.  Bali.  Fl.  307.     C.  chytraculia  Nutt.  Sylv.  i.  117, 
/.  26  ;  Sary.  Silv.  v.  36,  t.  205  (non  Sw.).     Eugenia  pallens  Poir. 
in  Lam.   Encyc.  Suppl.  Hi.   122   (1813).      Nuttall's  specimen  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

In  fl.  April -July ;  Wright !  Massonl  St.  Mary,  McNabl  near  mouth  of 
Yallahs  R.,  Priori  March  I  road  to  Wareka,  Long  Mt.,  Campbelll  north 
side  of  Long  Mt. ;  N.E.  of  Dolphin  Head;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5693,8943, 
10,313. 11,216.— Florida  and  Keys,  Cuba,  Cayman  Is.,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix, 
Guadeloupe. 

Shrub  12  ft.  or  tree  25  ft.  high ;  branches  slightly  2-edged,  when  young 
usually  more  or  less  slightly  reddish-tomentose.  Leaves  3-7 '5  cm.  1., 
lanceolate  to  elliptical,  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped,  with  very  short 
tomentum  on  young  leaves  especially  heneath  and  petioles,  later  glabrate, 
ashy-grey  colour  beneath ;  midrib  on  upper  surface  impressed,  nerves  and 
veins  flat  or  scarcely  prominent  on  upper  surface,  slightly  prominent 
beneath,  with  dots  scarcely  any  pellucid,  thick  papery,  margin  slightly 
recurved ;  petioles  4-8  mm.  1.  Inflorescences  with  reddish  velvety  tomentum, 
much  longer  than  the  leaf,  with  numerous  flowers  ;  peduncles  2*5-4  cm.  1., 
rising  2-5  together  umbel-like  from  a  terminal  node  or  from  axils, 
occasionally  accompanied  by  a  vegetative  branch,  forming  a  panicle  with 
clusters  at  ends  of  branchlets  of  sessile  or  shortly  stalked  flowers  ;  branches 
of  panicle  erect-diverging.  Buds  obovoid  with  rounded  apex,  velvety-tomen- 
tose.  Calyx-tube  2  mm.  1.  Petals  wanting.  Berry  globose-depressed, 
4  (or  more)  mm.  in  diam.,  dark  red. 

10.  C.  ehytraeulia  Sw.  Prodr.  79  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  921  ; 
3Iacf.  Jam.  ii.  Ill;  Griseb.  torn.  cit.  232;  Urb.  torn.  cit.  597. 
Myrtus  Chytraculia  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1056  (excl.  syn.  PhiJc.)  & 
Amoen.  v.  398,  379.  Chytraculia  arborea  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
239,  t.  37,  /.  2.  Chytraculia  Chytraculia  Millsp.  Field  Mus. 


Calyptranthes  MYRTACE^E  323 

Publ.  Bot.  ser.  ii.  80  (1900) ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  833.     Specimen 
in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Bastard  Green  Heart. 

Wright !  Macfadyen  \  March  !  Prior  !  Silver  Hill ;  Stoneleigh ;  Harris  ! 
Cokely,  Junction  Road,  Campbelll  Farm  Hill,  Blue  Mts.,  3500  ft., 
Cradivickl  Whitfield  Hall;  Chester  Vale;  Tyre  near  Troy,  1500  ft.; 
Peckham,  Clarendon,  2300  ft. ;  near  Guys  Hill,  St.  Ann,  1800  ft.,  Harris  ! 
between  Bath  and  Cuna-Cuna  Pass,  Harris  &  Britton  !  FL  Jam.  5031-5035, 
5037,  5082,  5085,  5100,  6276,  8654,  8678, 10,557, 11,069, 12,042.— Florida  and 
Keys,  Cozumel,  Cuba. 

Tree  or  shrub,  10-20  ft.  high ;  branchlets  of  this  year  compressed, 
tomentose  with  long  reddish-brown  hairs,  later  cylindrical,  glabrous. 
Leaves  4 '5-9  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  elliptical,  apex  acuminate  with  a  rather  long 
and  narrow  tip,  base  obtuse,  base  of  this  year's  leaf  usually  puberulous 
beneath  at  base  and  midrib,  later  glabrous  on  both  sides,  light  green 
beneath  ;  midrib  on  upper  surface  impressed,  nerves  and  veins  scarcely 
prominent  on  upper  surface,  slightly  prominent  beneath,  with  numerous 
minute  dots  seldom  evident  on  either  surface,  pellucid  or  not,  thick  papery, 
margin  flat  or  slightly  recurved;  petioles  4-7  mm.  L,  of  this  year's  leaves 
tomentose,  later  glabrescent  or  glabrate.  Inflorescences  with  reddish 
velvety  tomentum,  about  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  leaf  and  broader 
than  long,  with  numerous  white  flowers;  peduncles  2-4(-6)  cm.  L,  rising 
2-5  together  umbel-like  from  a  terminal  node  or  from  axils,  occasionally 
accompanied  by  a  vegetative  branch,  forming  a  panicle  with  clusters  at 
ends  of  branchlets  of  flowers,  sessile  or  very  shortly  stalked ;  branches  of 
panicle  diverging  more  or  less  horizontally.  Buds  obovoid,  niucronate, 
tomentose-villose,  becoming  glabrescent  above.  Calyx-tube  2  mm.  1. 
Petals  wanting.  Berry  globose,  5  mm.  in  diam. 

Wood  hard  and  heavy. 

11.  C.  Urbanii  Fawc.  &  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixv.  14  (1926). 

In  fr.  Sept. ;  on  banks  of  Black  river  between  Lacovia  and  Elarn, 
Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  9846  (in  fruit  only). 

Tree,  30  ft.  high ;  branches  of  last  year  glabrous,  of  this  year  tomentose, 
of  both  years  cylindrical  or  somewhat  compressed.  Leaves  9-10  cm.  L, 
oval-elliptical,  acuminate,  base  obtuse,  tomentose  beneath  near  base  and 
along  the  midrib;  midrib  impressed  on  upper  surface,  prominent  beneath, 
nerves  and  veins  on  upper  surface  flat  or  scarcely  prominent,  slightly 
prominent  beneath,  with  numerous  minute  dots  scarcely  evident,  not 
pellucid  except  in  young  leaves ;  papery  or  subleathery,  margin  flat ; 
petioles  6-7  mm.  1.,  tomentose.  Inflorescence  reddish-tomentose,  shorter 
than  the  leaf,  with  few  flowers;  peduncles  3 -5-5  cm.  L,  rising  3  together 
(vegetative  branches  wanting)  from  a  terminal  node,  apparently  with 
trichotomous  branching,  sometimes  thrice  repeated,  with  3  pedicellate 
flowers  at  apex;  pedicels  5-12  mm.  1.,  tomentose.  Berry  8  mm.  in  diam., 
black. 

12.  C.  nodosa  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  444  (1908). 

R  o  d  w  o  o  d. 

In  fl.  June,  in  fr.  July,  Aug. ;  Crown  lands  near  Troy  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
8711,  also  berries  collected  from  same  tree  in  July  of  same  year. 

Tree,  30  ft.  high,  branches  of  last  year  glabrous,  subcylindrical,  of  this 
year  not  developed  at  time  of  flowering;  nodes  near  apex  swollen, 
2-5-forked.  Leaves  7-15  cm.  L,  oval-elliptical  to  elliptical-oblong,  apex 
acuminate,  often  with  the  tip  long  and  narrow,  generally  narrowed  at 
base  and  running  down  into  the  petiole ;  midrib  on  upper  surface,  chiefly 

Y  2 


324  FI.OKA  OK  .i A.MAI i  A  Colyptranthc* 

near  the  base,  impiv— rd.  nerves  and  veins  slightly  prominent  on  both 
sides,  midrib  prominent  beneatb,  nerves  forming  a  continuous  marginal 
nerve',  with  MTV  numerous  minute  dots,  not  pellucid,  leathery,  margin 
slightly  ivrurved  or  tlat ;  petioles  7-5  mm.  1.,  glabrous.  lullorcwnccs 
reddish-tomentose,  much  shorter  than  the  leaf,  with  several  flowers ; 
peduncles  i^-5-3'5  cm.  1.,  rising  3-7  together  umbel-like  from  the  terminal 
nodes  without  accompanying  vegetative  branches,  2-8-forked,  each  braii'-h 
bearing  at  apex  a  cluster  of  sessile  flowers.  Buds  obovate,  reddish- 
tomentose  below,  glabrescent  above.  Calyx-tube  3  mm.  1.  J>crry  depressed- 
globose,  deformed  by  insect  attack. 

13.  C.  Tussaceana  Berg  in  Linnsea  xxvii.  25(1854):  Grim  It. 
io'in.   <-it.   233 ;    Urb.   torn.  cit.   597,  &,  Si/mb.   Ant.    v.    444  in  ob*. 
C.  rigida  Tits*.  FL  Ant.  Hi.  91,  t.  26  (1824)  (non  Sw.). 

In  fl.  Aug. ;  mountains,  St.  Ann,  Tussac. 

Tree,  15  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  narrowed 
to  both  ends,  glabrous,  veins  not  evident,  rigid ;  petioles  2-1  cm.  1. 
Inflorescences  shorter  than  the  leaves  ;  peduncles  1  or  2  in  axils  of  leaves, 
branching  trichotomously  or  racemosely,  with  3-6  sessile  flowers  at  apex 
of  branchlets.  Buds  top-shaped,  6  mm.  1.  Petals  wanting.  Fruit 
globose. 

We  have  not  seen  any  specimen  to  correspond  with  Tussac's  description 
and  figure. 

14.  C.  discolor  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  443  (1908). 

Mountain  Bay. 

In  fl.  Mar.-May  ;  slopes  of  Dolphin  Head  Mt.,  Harris  I  9264,  10,279. 

Shriib,  12-20  ft.  high;  branchlets  of  this  year  glabrous,  iTfur  rowed  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  internode.  Leaves  (about  1  ft.  1.)  26-37  cm.  1., 
7-10  cm.  br.,  elliptical-oblong,  narrowing  upwards  and  long  acuminate, 
apex  obtuse,  base  cordate;  midrib  on  upper  surface  flat  or  subimpres^ed 
below,  slightly  prominent  upwards,  nerves  and  veins  prominent  on  both 
sides,  nerves  forming  a  prominent  marginal  nerve ;  with  minute  pellucid 
dots,  glabrous  on  upper  surface,  with  very  minute  reddish  or  brownish 
hairs  beneath  esp.  on  midrib,  papery,  margin  flat ;  petiole  6-10  mm.  1. 
Inflorescences  9-10  cm.  1.  (No.  10,279)  to  3  cm.  1.  (No.  9264),  paniculate, 
puberulous  with  reddish  hairs;  peduncles  2  opposite,  each  1-1*5  cm. 
above  the  leaf-axil  and  subtended  by  oblong-lanceolate  bracts  about 
1-5  cm.  1.,  20  cm.  1.  (No.  10,279),  or  solitary  and  apparently  terminal, 
13  cm.  1.  (No.  9264).  Flowers  white,  numerous,  sessile,  in  clusters  at  apex 
of  branchlets  and  below.  Calyx-tube  bell-shaped,  1-5  mm.  1. 

3.  PIMENTA  Lindley. 

Tree,  very  fragrant.  Leaves  papery,  glandular  dots  on  both 
-ides.  Flowers  in  many-flowered  cymes,  branching  in  threes,  in 
the  upper  axils.  Calyx-tube  (receptacle)  shortly  prolonged  above 
the  ovary ;  limb  with  4  spreading,  persistent  lobes.  Petals  4, 
spreading.  Stamens  indefinite,  free.  Stigma  peltate-convex, 
much  thicker  than  the  style.  Ovary  2-celled ;  ovules  1  in  each 
cell  (very  rarely  2);  hanging  from  the  apex  of  the  inner  angle. 
Berry  crowned  by  the  calyx,  shortly  globose  to  globose-pea i- 
shaped,  with  2  (rarely  1)  seeds.  Embryo  involuto-spiral  in  two 


Piment't, 


MYRTACE.K 


325 


coils  or  two  and  a  half ;  cotyledons  very  short,   radicle    thick, 
very  long. 

Species  one,  native  of  Jamaica,  Cuba,  and  Central  America, 
<-ultivated  in  the  East  Indies. 

P.  offleinalis  Llndl.  Coll  in  text  to  t.  19  (1821) ;  Berg  Handb. 
PJicimi.  Bot.  Hi.  339  (excl.  var.  cumanensis)  (1855)  &  in  Linmea 
xxi-ii.  422;  Bentl.  <£  Trim.  Med.  PL  t.  Ill  ;  Niedenzu  in  EnrjL  & 


C 


D 


Fig.  128. — Punenta  oficinalis  Liudl. 

A,  Portion    of   branch  with    leaves    and       C  &  C',  Similar  figures  of  Amointi  caryo- 

fruit  X    .  phyllata  Kr.  &  Urb.  X  7. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  7.  D,  Berry     of     Pimento,   cut     lengthwise. 
B',  Ovary  cut  at  right  angles  to  B  X  7.  showing  section  of  embryo  and  an 

undeveloped  cell,  enlarged. 
(D  after  Engler.) 

Prantl  Pflfam.  lit.  pi.  7,  71,  fig.  F-H  ;  Urb.  in  Encjl.  Jalirlt.  zi.r. 
571.  P.  vulgaris  Lindl  in  Lond.  Enci/cl.  PI.  418  (1829);  Grisel. 
Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  240.  P.  Pimenta  Cockerell  in  Bull.  Ton:  Bot. 
Chib  xix.  95  (1892);  Britt.  FL  Perm.  263;  Britt.  <(•  Milly.  Bali. 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  J'ininifa 


FL  .">i).\  Mvrtus  arborea  &c.  S/oiinr  Cat.  101  it  ///*/.  //.  70, 
/.  191,  /'.  \  :~  IIi»ilt.  Barb.  1C..  /.  10*.  .M.Piraenta  L.  Sp.  PL 
472  (1753)  &  AWWBW.  v.  379;  H  >////</  ^ ///.  227;  So?.  0/;*.  202  : 
L«H.  Hurt.  Jam.  ii.  GO;  Tiinsur  FL  Ant.  iv.  32,  /.  12.  Carvo- 
phyllus  aroinaticus,  Americanus  folio  itc.  it  Oaryophyllus 
uromaticus,  Americanus  Lauri  Arc.  Plnlc.  Phyt.  t.  15:"),  //.  u,  1. 
C.  foliis  .  .  .  alternis  itc.  Browne  Hixt.  Jam.  247.  C.  Pimento 
Mill.  #/<•/.  rW.  S  (170^1.  Eugenia  Pimenta  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  285 
(1>S28);  JIayc.  Barb.  212;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  12").  Pimento  </OAW; 
Ata.  SO/CM™  04.  (Fig.  120.) 

Pimento,  All-spice  tree. 

SZoane  Herb.  vi.  77*  &  78!    Wright  \   Sliakcspearl  Bancroft  I    Distin* 

Mary,  Me  Nab  I  Parnelll  Portland,  Purdiel  Wilsonl  Priori  (also  a 
form  with  small  flowers  near  Moneague) ;  Bellevue,  4500  ft.,  Eggers,  3771  ! 
Port  Eoyal  Mts.,  Cradwick !  also  Harris  !  also  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins  \  near 
Falmouth,  Ewen  \  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  Harris  !  Lucea,  Hitchcock. 
FL  Jam.  5041,  5042,  5934,  5937,  7254,  7929,  8502,  10,507.  Form  with 
small  leaf  (4-5-5  cm.  L),  Hagley  Gap,  Fawcett ! — Distribution  of  genus. 

Tree,  30-40  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-14  cm.  L,  elliptical,  elliptical-oblong, 
apex  blunt,  usually  subemarginate ;  midrib  impressed  on  upper  surface, 
prominent  beneath,  nerves  and  veins  only  slightly  prominent  with  dots  on 
both  sides.  CaZ?/£-lobes  rounded  at  apex.  Petals  white.  Ovary  outside 
powdery-white  or  shortly  silky.  Berry  4-6  mm.  1.,  4-6 '5  mm.  in  diani., 
black,  pulpy,  sweet,  almost  tasteless.  Seeds  2  (1),  hot  to  taste. 

Wood,  flowers,  fruit,  leaves  are  aromatic.  Berries  while  still  green  and 
unripe  are  gathered  and  dried  for  export,  chiefly  used  as  a  condiment  in 
cookery  ;  they  have  a  warm  spicy  taste  like  cloves,  and  an  aromatic  odour 
resembling  a  mixture  of  cinnamon,  cloves,  and  nutmegs,  hence  called 
allspice ;  they  are  used  medicinally  for  their  aromatic,  carminative,  and 
stimulant  properties.  Wood  is  tough  and  close-grained,  used  for  cart 
shafts ;  saplings  are  made  into  walking-sticks.  For  insect  pests  and  injuiy 
by  picking,  see  Annual  Report  on  Dept.  Agric.  30  (1917). 

4.  AMOMIS  Berg. 

Shrub  or  tree,  very  fragrant.  Leaves  leathery,  glandular 
dots  beneath.  Flowers  in  many-flowered  cymes,  branching  in 
threes,  in  the  upper  axils  or  terminal.  Calyx-tube  (receptacle) 
prolonged  above  the  ovary  ;  limb  5-toothed,  persistent.  Petals  5, 
roundish,  soon  falling.  Stamens  numerous.  Stigma  minute, 
not  thicker  than  the  upper  part  of  style.  Ovary  2-celled. 
Ovules  0-7  in  each  cell,  attached  at  the  margin  to  the  peltate 
placenta  projecting  from  the  upper  part  of  the  partition.  Berry 
ovoid  or  obo void-globose,  crowned  by  the  calyx,  1 -2-celled,  with 
2-8  seeds.  Embryo  involuto-spiral,  the  spire  scarcely  more  than 
one  coil ;  cotyledons  very  short,  radicle  very  long. 

Species  1,  native  of  the  West  Indies,  Venezuela,  Guiana, 
cultivated  in  Bahamas,  Bermuda,  and  the  East  Indies. 

A.  earyophyllata  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  scix.  573  (1895); 
Cook  &  Coll.  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  viii  74 ;  Britt.  FL  Berm. 


Amomis  MYRTACE^E  327 

263.  A.  acris,  A.  Pimento  (inch  var.  jainaicensis),  A.  pinien- 
toides,  A.  oblongata  Berg  Handb.  PTiarm.  Sot.  Hi.  339,  340 
(1855)  &  in  Linnsea  xxvii.  417—421.  A.  jarnaiceiisis  Britt.  <{' 
Harris  in  Journ.  N.  York  Bot,  Gard.  xxi.  38  (1920);  Annual 
Report  for  1918-19,  Dept.  of  Agric.  Jamaica.  Myrtus  caryo- 
phyllata  Jacq.  Obs.  ii.  1  (1767)  (noii  L.).  M.  acris  Siv.  Prodr.  79 
(1788)  (excl.  var.  b.)  &  FI-.  Ind.  Occ.  909;  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  75. 
Caryophyllus  aromaticus  Ind.  Occident,  foliis  <fcc.  Pliik.  Plujt. 
t.  155,  /.  3.  C.  foliis  .  .  .  oppositis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  247. 
C.  racemosus  Mill.  Dirt.  ed.  8  (1768).  Myrcia  acris  DC.  Prodr. 
Hi.  243  (1828);  Mayc.  Barb.  209;  Marf.  Jam.  ii.  109  (cells 
wrongly  described  as  1-ovuled) ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3153.  Piruerita 
acris  Kostel.  Allg.  Med.  Pharm.  Fl.  iv.  1526  (1835);  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ind.  241;  Bentl.  <&  Trim.  Med.  PL  t.  110;  Bull.  Bot. 
Dept.  Jamaica,  No.  26,  8  (1891) ;  W.  Ind.  Bull.  iv.  126-128,  189- 
194  (1904);  Keiv  Bull  (1918)  158;  Agric.  News  sex.  340,  356, 
372  (1921) ;  Journ.  Soc.  Cliem.  Ind.  xl  9,  491  (1921).  P.  Pimento 
Griseb.  loc.-cit.  (1860).  (Fig.  126,  c,  c'.) 

Wild  Cinnamon,  Wild  Clove,  Bay  Burn  Tree,  Bay  Berry 
Tree. 

SZocwe Herb.  vi.  79!  Browne;  Swart z ;  Macfadyen;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2500  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  12,788,  12,876.— Distribution  of  genus. 

Shrub  or  tree,  30-50  ft.  Leaves  4-12  cm.  L,  variable  in  form  and  size, 
obovate-oval,  elliptical,  or  elliptical-oblong,  apex  obtuse  or  emarginate, 
sometimes  shortly  acuminate,  midrib  impressed  011  upper  surface,  pro- 
minent beneath,  nerves  and  network  of  veins  equally  prominent  on 
both  sides ;  petioles  4-12  mm.  1.  Calyx-lobes  very  broadly  triangular. 
Petals  white,  tinged  pink.  Ovary  glabrous  outside  (but  densely  white- 
tomentose  in  var.  grisea).  Berry  8-10  mm.  L,  5-7  in  diam.,  blackish 
when  ripe. 

Wood  somewhat  hard  and  heavy,  strong  and  durable,  fine  and  compact 
in  texture,  taking  a  high  polish  ;  heart-wood  brownish-red  or  almost  black, 
sap-wood  very  light  with  darker  lines ;  suitable  for  carpenters  and  cabinet- 
work. The  leaves  distilled  yield  an  essential  oil,  "  oil  of  bay,"  the  most 
important  ingredient  of  bay-rum;  information  on  economics  will  be 
found  in  literature  quoted  above. 

5.  MYRCIA  DC. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Flowers  generally  small ;  peduncles 
axillary  and  subterminal,  primary  or  secondary  branches  of  the 
panicles  generally  racemose,  ultimate  branches  cyrnose.  Calyx : 
tube  not,  or  more  or  less,  prolonged  above  the  ovary,  segments 
or  lobes  of  the  limb  usually  5.  Petals  usually  5,  spreading. 
Stamens  indefinite,  free.  Ovary  2(3-4)-celled ;  ovules  2,  side  by 
side,  in  each  cell.  Berry  crowned  by  the  remains  of  the  calyx- 
limb.  Seeds  generally  1  or  2,  subglobose ;  radicle  rather  long, 
incurved  ;  cotyledons  large,  twisted  and  folded. 

Species  about  500,  natives  of  subtropical  and  tropical  America 
(incl.  W.  Indies). 


328 


FLOKA    OF    JAM  A  I' "A 


Mi/rda 


Ant:         j -celled.     Leaves  not  torncntose. 

Tnflnresceno-e,  calyx-tube,  and  young  branchlets  silky- 

pubcrulous  or  pubescent 1.  37".  x 

Plant  glabrous 2.  M.  l<:ptoclada. 

Anther-  4-celled.     Under  surface  of  leaves  brown-tomen- 

•  3.  M.  Fenzliana. 

1.  M.  splendens  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  244  (1828)  (excl.  var.) ;  Gris^b. 
Fl.  J!r.  W.  Ind.   234  (in  part) ;    Urb.  in  EncjJ.  JaJtrb.  xix.  583  ; 
i.  Ant.  ir.  443  ct  viii.  479.     Myrtus  splendens  Sw.  Prodr.  7'J 


Fig.  127. — Myrcia  splendens  DC. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and 

inflorescences  x  -f. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  7. 


C,  Stamen  X  20. 

D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  4. 

E,  Stamen  of  M.  Fenzliana  X  20. 


(1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  907.  M.  foliis  ovato-lanceolatis  Plum.  PI. 
Amer.  (Burm.)  202,  t.  208,  f.  1.  Eugenia  periplocifolia  Jacq. 
Coll.  108,  t.  4  (1788).  (Fig.  127,  A-D.) 

Wright  \ — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Eico,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique, 
St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Tobago,  Trinidad. 

Shrub  10-20  ft.  high  or  tree  30  ft.  high;  youngest  branchlets  pubes- 
cent. Leaves  3-8  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  more  or  less  long 
acuminate,  base  rounded  or  obtuse,  occasionally  acute,  network  of  nerves 
and  veins  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides,  papery,  with  pellucid  dots ; 
petioles  2-4  mm.  1.  Inflorescence  and  calyx-tube  silky-puberulous.  Flowers 
white  (or  pink).  Calyx  not  prolonged  cup-like  above  the  ovary. 

2.  M.  leptoelada  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  244  (1828) ;  Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W.  Ind.  711  ;   Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  582,  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  443 


Myrcia  .MYRTACE^E  329 

<fe   viii.   479.     Aulomyrcia  leptoclada  Berg  in  Linnsea  xxvii.  40 
(1854)  (excl.  syn.  Poir.). 

Wright  (Hb.  Kew.) ! — Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico.  Guadeloupe,  Dominica, 
Martinique,  St.  Vincent,  Tobago,  Trinidad. 

Shrub  6-12  ft.  high,  or  tree  15-30  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  5-9  cm.  1., 
elliptical-oblong,  to  lanceolate,  acuminate,  network  of  nerves  and  veins 
prominent  beneath,  not  so  evident  on  upper  surface,  papery -leathery,  not 
or  obscurely  pellucid-dotted  ;  petioles  2-4  mm.  1.  Flowers  white,  fragrant. 
Calyx  prolonged  cup-like  above  the  ovary. 

The  occurrence  of  the  preceding  two  species  in  Jamaica  rests  only  on 
specimens  collected  by  Dr.  Wm.  Wright  and  labelled  as  from  Jamaica. 
The  geographical  distribution  in  the  West  Indies  is  not  opposed  to  this, 
and  Wright  collected  several  species  in  Jamaica,  not  found,  or  rarely,  by 
other  botanists. 

3.  M.  Fenzliana  Berg  in  Linnsea  xxvii.  121  (1855)  (nomen) 
&  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  1,  196  (1857).  Gomidesia  Lindeniana 
Berg  in  Linnsea  xxix.  208  (1857) ;  Griseb.  in  Mem.  Amer. 
Acad.  N.S.  viii.  180  (1861)  &  Cat.  Cub.  85;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jaltrb. 
xix.  605,  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  445  &  viii.  481.  (Fig.  127,  E.) 

In  fl.  May,  in  fr.  Sept. ;  below  Vinegar  Hill,  St.  George,  Blue  Mts., 
3000  ft.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6282,  ^4S.  6589,  7348.— Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto 
Rico,  St.  Kitts,  Montserrat,  tropical  South  America. 

Shrub  or  small  tree,  10-15  ft. ;  young  brauchlets,  inflorescence,  nerves 
and  veins  of  under  surface  of  leaves  covered  wiih  yellowish-brown 
tomentum.  Leaves  8-16  cm.  1.,  4-8  cm.  br.,  elliptical,  narrowed  to  both 
ends,  acuminate  with  long  narrow  tip  ;  upper  surface  somewhat  pubescent, 
with  midrib  and  nerves  slightly  impressed  and  veins  not  evident,  beneath 
midrib,  nerves  and  veins  prominent  and  tomentose  with  rather  long  hairs, 
leathery,  not  pellucid-dotted  at  any  rate  in  the  older  leaves ;  petioles 
6-8  mm.  1.  Panicles  one  or  two  in  axils  and  subterminal,  many-flowered. 
Buds  4  mm.  1.  Flowers  fragrant.  Sepals  broadly  deltoid,  acute,  1  •  5  mm.  1. 
Petals  roundish,  tomentose  on  back,  otherwise  glabrous,  white,  margin 
membranous.  Berry  globose,  puberulous,  with  2-4  seeds. 

6.  EUGENIA  L. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Inflorescence  sometimes  centripetal,  the 
1-flowered  pedicels  opposite,  axillary,  solitary,  clustered,  or  in  a 
short  raceme  (a  leafless  branch),  rarely  centrifugal,  with  the 
cymes  terminal,  dense,  or  in  terminal  or  lateral  panicles 
branching  by  threes.  Calyx :  tube  more  or  less  prolonged 
beyond  the  ovary  or  not  prolonged  ;  segments  of  limb  4  (5), 
distinct,  sometimes  ample,  overlapping,  sometimes  short  or 
scarcely  prominent  on  a  truncate  margin.  Petals  4  (5  or  more, 
or  none),  spreading  and  distinct,  or  converging  and  more  or  less 
united  to  form  a  lid.  Stamens  indefinite.  Ovary  2(3)-celled  ; 
ovules  indefinite  in  each  cell,  attached  to  a  placenta  not  or 
slightly  prominent  on  the  partition.  Berry  generally  sub- 
drupaceous  or  pulpy.  Seeds  generally  1-4;  embryo  thick  and 
fleshy,  radicle  short,  cotyledons  thick,  generally  more  or  less 
indistinguishable  from  one  another. 


330 


FI.nKA    or   JAMAICA 


/.'        •'/(/ 


1.  E.  hctcrochroa. 


Species  in»re   than   600,  trn>\vin^   in   ^reut   almndain-o   in    tin- 
Wr>t    Indies     and     subtropical    and    tropical    America,    and    in 

tropical  A^ia.  fewer  in  Australia  and  Africa. 

A.  Inflorescences  centripetal. 
a.  Sepals  4-5  mm.  1. 

solitary   in  axils  of  leaves.      Leaves 

1-5-3  cm.  1.'  

Flowers    solitary    in    axils   of   narrow   bract-, 
usually   several    close    together.  ives 

2-5-5  cm.  1. 
Leaves   lanceolate- oblong  to   oval-elliptical, 

apex  obtuse 

Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate 

Flowers   shortly   racemose ;    fruiting   pedicels 
3-3 '5  cm.  1. ;  rhachis  5-8  mm.  1.     Leaves 

5-7  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  shortly  ovate 

Flowers  in  clusters  at  nodes  (usually  leafless) 

or  on  trunks,  pedicels  5-13  mm.  1.   Leaves 

4-30  cm.  1. ;  petioles  long. 

Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-oblong  or  oval,  apex 

obtuse,  base  rounded  to  acute.     Sepals 

ovate  

Leaves  elliptical  or  oval-elliptical,  apex 
shortly  or  obtusely  acuminate,  base  ob- 
tuse or  roundish.  Sepals  roundish 

Leaves  elliptical  or  ovate-elliptical,  narrowed 
to  obtuse  apex,  base  cordate  or  sub- 
cordate.  Sepals  roundish  


2.  E.  lifjustrinn. 

3.  E.  uniflora. 


4.  E.  mandevillensis- 


5.  E.  Marchiana. 
G.  E.  ampli folia. 
7.  E.  lampropkylli. 


E.  alpina. 
9.  E.  Macnabiana. 


b.  Sepals  less  than  4  mm.  1. 

a.  Inflorescence  :  flowers  solitary  in  axils. 

Leaves  -5-1-5  cm.  1.,  ovate,  leathery  8. 

Leaves  1-1-5  cm.  1.,  linear,  membranous*... 
/3.  Inflorescences   racemose,  rhachis  more    than 

1  cm.  1.  (sometimes  less), 
a'.  Inflorescences  puberulous  or  tomentose. 
f  Infl.  2-5(-7)  cm.  1.     Pedicels  3-12(-15) 

mm.  1. 
Petioles  9-14  mm.  1. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  oblong-elliptical, 
scarcely  or  shortly  and  obtusely 
acuminate,  nerves  slightly  pro- 
minent above,  more  so  beneath. 

Sepals  3  mm.  1 10.  E.  Fadyenii. 

Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical, 
broadly  acuminate,  nerves  impressed 

above.     Sepals  1-5  mm.  1 11.  E.  sulcivenia. 

Petioles  3-8  mm.  1. 

Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical  to 
lanceolate,  long  and  narrowly  acu- 
minate, 3 '5-8  cm.  1.,  1-5-3  cm.  br., 
nerves  usually  impressed  above. 
Sepals  1*5-2  mm.  1 


12. 


E.  biflora. 

var.  virgultosa. 


*  The  position   of  E.  Macnabiana  is   uncertain,   as   the  flowers  are 
unknown. 


Eugenia 


MYRTACK 


331 


Leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate-elliptical 
or  elliptical,  more  or  less  obtusely 
acuminate,  3-7  cm.  1.,  1  •  5-3  cm.  br., 
nerves  scarcely  evident  or  slightly 
prominent  on.  both  sides.  Sepals 
l'S-2'5  mm.  1.,  to  3  mm.  1.  in  fruit  12.  E.  biflora. 

Leaves  elliptical  or  roundish-elliptical, 
generally  moderately  acuminate, 
4-6*5  cm.  1.,  2-3'5  cm.  br.,  nerves 
slightly  prominent  or  flat,  rarely 
slightly  impressed  above.  Sepals 
1-5-2  mm.  1.  12. 


Petioles  2-4  mm.  1. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate 
with  a  long  tip,  3-6  cm.  1.,  '7-1 '5 
cm.  br.,  nerves  not  evident  nor  im- 
pressed above.  Sepals  1-1 '2  mm.  1.  12. 


E.  biflora. 
var.  ludibunda. 


E.  biflora. 
var.  Wallenii. 


ft  Inn.  1-2  cm.  1.     Pedicels  3-7  mm.  1. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate  with  acute  tip,  5-7  cm.  1., 
midrib  furrowed-impressed,  nerves 
scarcely  or  not  evident,  dots  not 
evident  on  surface  but  subpellucid  .  13.  E.  brachythrix. 

Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  acu- 
minate with  obtuse  tip,  6-9  cm.  1., 
midrib  slightly  impressed,  nerves 
slightly  prominent,  dots  dense,  not 
evident  on  upper  surface,  slightly 
prominent  beneath,  pellucid  14.  E.  jamaicensis. 

Leaves  oval-oblong  or  oblong,  acu- 
minate with  tip  acute  or  sometimes 
apiculate  and  obtuse,  8-5(-ll)  cm. 
1.,  midrib  canaliculate-impressed, 
nerves  very  slightly  prominent  or 
subimpressed,  densely  tuberculate- 
dotted  15.  E.  Alexandri. 

Leaves  ovate-  or  oblong-elliptical, 
more  or  less  acuminate,  tip  acute  or 
mucronate,  6-9  cm.  1.,  midrib  im- 
pressed, nerves  and  veins  slightly 
prominent  or  impressed,  dots  pellu- 
cid, not  numerous,  not  conspicuous 
on  upper  surface  except  in  young 
leaves,  very  few  evident  beneath  ....  16.  E.  disticlia. 

b'.  Inflorescences     glabrous.      Rhachis    3-5-l 
cm.  1.     Leaves  acuminate. 


Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  tip 
obtuse.  Inflorescence  conspicuously 
glandular 17. 

Leaves  narrowly  ovate  or  ovate-oblong, 
tip  rounded,  pedicel  12-6  mm.  1.  ...  18. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  narrowly  ellip- 
tical, tip  obtuse,  pedicels  4-6  mm.  1.  19, 

Leaves  ovate,  tip  acute  or  mucronate  .  20, 


E.  Harrisii. 
E.  crcnata. 

E.  Nicholsii. 
E.  Rendlci. 


332  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 

inflorescences  shortened  racemose,  rhachis 
less  than  1  cm.  1. 

Leaves  obovate  or  oblanceolate.     Pedicels 

0--5  mm.  1.     Sepals  -5-1  mm.  1 21.  E.  buxifolia. 

Leaves  more  or  less  ovate  to  lanceolate  or 

elliptical. 

Leaves  moderately  acuminate. 
Sepals  1*5  mm.  1. 
Pedicels  1-3  mm.  1. 
Leaves  5-7 '5  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  ob- 
long-lanceolate, glabrous,  mid- 
rib furrowed-impressed.     Brac- 
teoles triangular  22.  E.  abbreviate. 

Leaves  3 '5-7  cm.  1.,  ovate-ellip- 
tical to  elliptical,  with  obtuse 
tip,  glabrous  but  puberulous  on 
midrib,  midrib  broad,  flat,  very 
slightly  impressed  near  base, 
slightly  prominent  near  apex. 
Bracteoles  triangular-roundish.  23.  E.  Scliulziana, 
Leaves  6-9  cm.  1.,  ovate-  or  ob- 
long-elliptical, puberulous  or 
glabrescent,  midrib  impressed. 

Bracteoles  ovate,  acute  16.  E.  disticha. 

Pedicels   4-8  mm.   1.     Leaves  3-5 
cm.   1.,   lanceolate    or   elliptical- 
lanceolate,  tip  acute,  mucronate.  24.  E.  Wilsonella. 
Sepals   1-1-2  mm.  1.     Leaves   3*5-8 
cm.  1.,  elliptical,  elliptical-oblong,  or 
ovate,  glabrous,  midrib  deeply  im- 
pressed.     Bracteoles   semicircular. 

Berry  oblong 25.  E.  glabrata. 

Sepals  -8  mm.  1.  Leaves  4-8(-ll) 
cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  broadly  ovate  to 
oblong,  glabrous,  midrib  impressed. 
Bracteoles  rounded.  Rhachis  rarely 

11  mm.  1.     Berry  roundish 26.  E.  axillaris. 

Leaves  shortly  or  scarcely  acuminate. 
Pedicels  1-7  mm.  1.    Sepals  1-2  mm.  1. 

Leaves  with  obtuse  tip. 
Midrib  deeply  impressed.     Pedicels 
4-7  mm.  1.     Leaves  6-9  cm.  1., 
elliptical  to  ovate-elliptical,  dots 

dense,  prominent 27.  E.  isosticta. 

Midrib  impressed  in  lower  half. 
Pedicels  5-7  mm.  1.  Leaves 
3-4 '5  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  narrowed 
to  both  ends,  dots  numerous, 
prominent  esp.  in  first  year  ...  28.  E.  Sloanei. 
Midrib  not  impressed  (or  rarely  im- 
pressed). Pedicels  1-5  nim  1. 
Leaves  1*5-8  cm.  1.,  ovate  to 

narrowly  lanceolate 29.  E.monticola. 

Pedicels  10-15  mm.  1.    Sepals  3*5-2-3 

mm.  1 30.  E.polypora. 

Leaves  acuminate  with  long  linear- 
lanceolate  tip.  Pedicels  8-16  mm.  1. 
Sepals  1  •  5-2  mm.  1 31.  E.  confusa. 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^l 

5.  Inflorescences  umbelliform,  rhachis  wanting. 
Midrib   of    leaf   not,    or   only   slightly, 
impressed  towards  base. 
Leaves  2-5-6  cm.  1.     Pedicels  5-17  mm.  1. 
Petioles  3-6  mm.  1.  Sepals  2  •  8-1  •  5  mm.  1. 
Leaves  2-5-6  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late, ovate-elliptical,  or   rhomboid. 

Pedicels  5-15  mm.  1 32.  E.  rhombea. 

Leaves  2-5-4  cm.  1.,  elliptical-lanceo- 
late to  lanceolate.  Pedicels  10-17 

mm.  1 33.  E.  clarendonensis. 

Petioles  2-3  mm.  1.  Sepals  1  mm.  1. 
Leaves  2  -  5-4  cm.  1.,  ovate,  elliptical, 
or  subrhomboid,  rarely  roundish. 

Pedicels  12-16  mm.  1 34.  E.  Broiunei. 

Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.     Pedicels  0-2-5  mm.  1. 
Leaves  5-7  cm.  1.,  ovate-elliptical  to 
elliptical-lanceolate.      Pedicels  0-1 
mm.  1.     Calyx-tube   prolonged   be- 
yond ovary.     Sepals  1  mm.  1 35.  E.  pycnoneura. 

Leaves  7-10  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  ellip- 
tical-oblong. Pedicel  1  •  5-2  •  5  mm.  1. 
Sepals  2-1  mm.  1 36.  E.  eperforata. 

B.  Inflorescences  centrifugal. 

Calyx-tube  subglobose,  not  prolonged  beyond 

ovary.     Flowers  small  37.  E.fragrans. 

Calyx-tube     top-shaped,     produced     beyond 

ovary.     Flowers  large. 
Flowers  crimson.   Leaves  elliptical  or  ellip- 
tical-oblong          [E.  malaccensis.'\ 

Flowers  white.     Leaves  lanceolate [_E.  Jambos.~\ 

1.  E.  heteroehroa  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vii.  299  (1912);  glabrous; 
leaves  l'5-3  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong,  occasionally 
obovate,  apex  rounded  or  subtruncate,  sometimes  slightly  eniar- 
ginate,  base  obtuse,  midrib  *  deeply  impressed,  nerves  on  upper 
surface  more  or  less  slightly  prominent,  not  evident  beneath, 
veins  not  evident,  with  dots  pellucid  in  leaves  of  the  first  year, 
thick  and  leathery ;  petioles  2-3  mm.  1. ;  flowers  solitary,  axillary, 
occurring  1-4  together,  umbel-like  at  the  apex  or  just  below  the 
apex  of  the  branches;  pedicels  7-10  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  4,  very 
unequal,  the  larger  semi-oval,  5  mm.  1.,  the  smaller  half -roundish, 
3  mm.  1. ;  ovules  several  in  each  cell ;  berries  globose,  10-12  mm. 
in  diam. 

In  fl.  July;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,989, 
11,017,  12,807. 

Shrub,  10  ft.  high ;  branchlets  of  the  first  year  glandular-granulate, 
when  older  densely  tuberculate-granulate.  Pedicels  glandular-granulate. 


*  The  description  of  the  midrib  here   and  later  refers  to  the   upper 
surface. 


FI.ollA   OF   JAMAICA  Eugenia 

.Bn.  •         !  ovate,  somewhat  obtuse,  1-1-5  mm.  1.     Petals  white.     Ovary 
glabrous. 

•2.  E.  ligustrina  WUhl  Sp.  PL  n.  962  (1800);  branchlets 
puberulous,  glabrescent;  leaves  2*5-5  era.  1.,  1-2  cm.  br., 
Lanceolate-oblong  or  oval-elliptical  to  oblanceolate  or  obovate, 
apex  obtuse,  base  acute,  midrib  usually  impressed,  nerves  and 
veins  slightly  evident,  leathery  ;  petioles  1-5  mm.  1.  ;  pedicels 
1-4  cm.  1.,  solitary  on  the  lower  part  of  branchlets  of  the  first 
vear  from  the  axils  of  the  upper  lanceolate-linear  or  narrowly 
spathulate  scales  5-10  mm.  1.  (the  lowest  scales  are  shorter  and 
more  crowded)  ;  sepals  4-5  mm.  1.,  recurved,  oblong-lanceolate ; 
ovules  in  each  cell  10-14;  berry  6-8  mm.  in  diam.,  globose, 
glandular-dotted,  otherwise  smooth. — Mayc.  Barb.  210;  Mac/. 
Jam.  ii  112;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  239;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb. 
xix.  618,  Si/mb.  Ant.  iv.  446  &  viii.  484.  Myrtus  ligustrina  Siv. 
Prodr.  78  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  885.  Stenocalyx  ligustrinus 
Berg  in  FL  Bras,  xiv.pt.  1,  343  (1857). 

In  fr.  June- Aug. ;  Wright  \  Falls  river,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  2000  ft., 
Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5231,  5768,  12,562.— West  Indies,  Brazil. 

Shrub  6-10  ft.  high,  or  tree  20  ft.  Petals  white,  8-12  mrn.  1.  Berry 
sweet,  scarlet.  Seeds  roundish,  1-3. 

Urban  identifies  with  this  "  Arbor  baccifera,  myrti  folio  latiore  &c."  of 
Sloane  Cat.  172  &  Hist.  ii.  107.  Sloane,  however,  says  "  the  fruit  stands 
on  a  small,  eighth  of  an  inch  long  foot-stalk,  is  like  black  cherries,"  which 
is  inconsistent  with  E.  ligustrina.  It  grew  in  woods  on  the  Red  Hills. 
Sloane  has  no  drawing  of  it,  and  there  is  no  specimen  in  his  Herbarium. 
It  seems  to  us  more  probable  that  it  should  be  placed  under  E.  disticha  DC., 
judging  from  the  length  of  the  pedicel  and  the  description  of  the  fruit. 

3.  E.  uniflora  L.  Sp.  PL  470  (1753)  (in  part);  glabrous; 
leaves  3 '5-6  cm.  L,  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  apex  usually 
shortly  acuminate,  base  obtuse  to  rounded,  sometimes  subcordate ; 
midrib  flat  or  slightly  impressed,  nerves  and  veins  evident  on 
both  sides,  with  numerous  pellucid  dots,  papery,  glabrous ; 
petioles  1-2  mm.  1. ;  pedicels  1*5— 3*5  cm.  I.,  solitary  or  several, 
approximate  on  branchlets  of  first  year  from  the  axils  of  scales ; 
sepals  recurved,  linear-oblong ;  ovules  in  each  cell  8-14;  berry 
depressed-globose,  8-furrowed  or  8-ribbed,  up  to  2  •  5  or  3  cm.  in 
cliam.— Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  239;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix. 
620  &  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  484  ;  Britt.  FL  Berm.  262  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp. 
Bah.  FL  304 ;  Bot.  May.  t.  8599.  Myrtus  brasiliana  L.  Sp.  PL 
471  (1753).  Philadelphus  arborescens  foliis  rnyrtineis  &c.  and 
P.  arb.  foliis  ovato-acuminatis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  240,  241. 
Plinia  pedunculata  Linn.  f.  SuppL  253  (1781);  Bot.  Mag.  473. 
Stenocalyx  Michelii  Berg  in  Linnaea  xxvii.  310  (1856)  &  in  FL 
Bras.  xiv.  pt.  1,  337.  There  is  a  specimen  of  this  species  in 
Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linmeus  Myrtus  brasiliana. 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^E  335 

Surinam  Cherry. 

In  fl.  Jan.,  in  fr.  March ;  Port  Royal  Mts.  March  !  Pleasant  Hill,  Port 
Royal  Mts. ;  cult.  Hope  Gardens  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5080, 10,811. — Guiana, 
Brazil,  Argentina  ;  perhaps  only  naturalized  in  West  Indies,  Bermuda,  and 
Bahamas ;  cultivated  in  tropics  of  Old  World. 

Shrub  to  13  ft.  or  tree  15-30  ft.  high.  Petals  white,  8-12  mm.  1. 
Berry  edible. 

Berries  used  in  making  preserves  and  jellies. 

4.  E.  mandevillensis  Urb.  Synib.  Ant.  vii.  306  (1912);  glabrous; 
leaves  5-7  cm.  1.,  3  '5-4'  5  cm.  br.,  ovate  or  shortly  ovate,  shortly 
acuminate  with  an  obtuse  tip,  base  rounded  or  truncate,  midrib 
slightly  or  scarcely  impressed,  nerves  on  upper  surface  scarcely 
prominent,  beneath  with  the  veins  a  little  more  evident,  with 
dots  not  pellucid,  leathery ;   petioles  6-8  mm.  1. ;    inflorescences 
shortly  racemose  with  3—6  flowers,  rhachis  5-8  mm.  1.,  sometimes 
growing    on  into  a   leafy  twig  with    flowers  below    and    leaves 
above;  pedicels  in  fruit  3-3 '5  cm.  1. ;    sepals  4,  very  unequal, 
the    larger   roundish  or  ovate-roundish,   5   mm.   L,  the    smaller 
2  mm.  1. ;  'berries  (unripe)  globose,  1  cm.  in  diam. 

With  unripe  fr.  in  Sept. ;  Marshall's  Pen,  near  Mandeville,  Harris  & 
Britton  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,600. 

Shrub  or  tree  to  15  ft.  high.  Berries  densely  granular-dotted,  not 
ribbed,  glabrous. 

5.  E.   Marehiana    Griseb.    Fl.    Br.    W.   Incl    238    (1860); 
glabrous;    leaves    9-20    cm.    L,    3 '5-10    cm.    br.,    ovate,  ovate- 
oblong,  or  oval,  apex  obtuse,  rarely  emarginate,  base  rounded, 
truncate,  or  acute  and  prolonged  a  little  into  the  petiole,  midrib 
impressed  or  towards  the   apex  a  little  prominent,  nerves  and 
veins  on  both  sides  more  or  less  prominent,  with  dots  not  pellucid, 
in  older  leaves  slightly  prominent,  leathery  or  papery-leathery ; 
petioles  10-20  mm.  1. ;  flowers  4-20  in  a  cluster  at  nodes  from 
which  the  leaves  have  usually  dropped;  pedicels  5-12  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals  4,   the  longer  ovate,    4-5  mm.   L,    the    shorter   crescent- 
shaped    or    semicircular  -  triangular     1  •  5-3  •  5     mm.     1.  ;    ovary 
2(3)-celled;  ovules  numerous  in  each  cell. —  Urb.  in  EngL  Jalirb. 
xix.  652. 

Manchester,  Purdie  !  March  !  above  Cinchona,  J.P.  1091,  Hart !  also 
C.  Niclwlls  !  Vinegar  Hill,  Blue  Mts.,  Cradwick  !  between  Morse's  Gap 
and  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  C.  Nicholls  &  Harris  !  Whitfield  Hall 
fields ;  Portland  Gap,  5550  ft. ;  Mabess  river,  Blue  Mts. ;  near  Troy ; 
Harris !  wooded  slope  on  S.E.  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  & 
Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  50U1,  5002,  5007,  5071,  5072,  5258,  7698,  8551,  10,693. 

Shrub  10  ft.  or  tree  20  ft.  high ;  branches  sometimes  ristulose. 
Bracteoles  roundish  or  broadly  triangular,  apex  rounded  or  obtuse,  united 
at  the  base,  1-5-3  mm.  •!.  Petals  7  mm.  1.,  about  5  mm.  br.  Berries 
ellipsoidal  or  globose,  17  mm.  L,  9  mm.  thick. 

It  is  possible  that  more  than  one  species  is  included  here,  but,  as  Urban 
indicates,  study  of  a  series  of  specimens  in  the  field  is  necessary. 


'.6  FL'iKA   OF   .JAMAICA  /.'•'. 


6.  E.  amplifolia   Urb.  #////</>.   Ant.  v.  445  (1DOS)  ;   glabrous; 
branchlets  listulose  ;  leaves  13-30  cm.  1.,  9-12  cm.  Dr.,  elliptical 
or    oval-elliptical,    apex    obtuse   or    shortly    and    very    obtusely 
acuminate,  base  obtuse  or  roundish,   midrib    impressed  tmvani^ 
the  base,  less  so  or  not  at  all  towards  the  apex,  nerves  and  veins 
on  both  sides  prominent,  with  dots  not  pellucid  in  older  leaves, 
papery-  leathery  ;  petioles   15-20  mm.  1.  ;    flowers  in  clusters  <>n 
trunk  and    at    nodes  of    old    branches;    pedicels   7-10    mm.    1.  ; 
-•pals  4,  the  larger  roundish,  5  mm.  1.,  the  smaller  semicircular, 
•">    mm.    1.  ;    ovules    several    in    each    cell  ;     berries    ellipsoidal, 
12-15  mm.  1.,  7-9  mm.  thick. 

In  fl.  Sept.,  in  fr.  Feb.-March  ;  Hopeton,  Westmoreland,  1000  ft.  ;  near 
Troy,  1400  ft.  ;  Harris  I  eastern  slopes  of  south  end  of  John  Crow  (Blake) 
Mts.,  Harris  &  Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  7050,  9476.  10,750. 

Tree,  15-20  ft.  high.  Dots-'of  leaves  prominent  beneath.  Bracteoles 
shortly  ovate-cordate,  united  at  base,  1'5  mm.  1.  Berries  densely  granular- 
dotted,  not  ribbed,  red,  glabrous,  1-seeded. 

7.  E.  lamprophylla  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vii  308  (1912)  ;  glabrous  ; 
leaves  9-18  cm.  1.,  3*  5-9  '5  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or  ovate-elliptical, 
usually  narrowed  towards  the  obtuse  apex,  base  rounded  emar- 
ginate  in  young  leaves,  cordate  in  old  leaves,  midrib  impressed 
from  base  to  apex,  nerves  in  young  leaves  on  upper  surface  a 
little  impressed  or  scarcely  prominent,  beneath  with  the  veins 
slightly  prominent,  in  old  leaves  nerves  and  veins  prominent  on 
both  sides,  with  more  or  less  pellucid  dots,  on  both  sides  slightly 
prominent,   leathery,   shining;    petioles    10-15   mm.    1.;    flowers. 
several   at   the   nodes   of    the    old    wood,    umbel-like  ;    pedicels 
7-13  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  4,  very  unequal,  the  larger  roundish,  5  mm.  1., 
the  smaller  semiluiiate,  3  mm.  1.  ;  ovules  many  in  each  cell. 

*/ 

In  fl.  July-Sept.  ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,955,  11.175. 

Tree,  25  to  40  ft.  high.  Young  leaves  bronze  on  upper  surface,  rose- 
coloured  beneath.  Bracteoles  united  at  base,  shortly  ovate,  obtuse,  2  mm.  1. 
Petals  pale  rose  colour,  7-8  mm.  1.,  5  mm.  br.,  roundish-elliptical,  ciliate. 
Stamens  pale  rose  colour. 

8.  E.  alpina  Willd.  Sp.  PL  ii  961  (1800);  young  branchlets 
more  or  less  pubescent  or  puberulous  with  brownish  hairs  ;  leaves 
•5-1  '5  cm.  1.,  3-4(-2)  in  a  whorl,  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  midrib 
impressed,  nerves  and  veins  not  evident,  dots  011  upper  surface 
impressed,  opaque,  leathery,  rigid,  glabrous  ;  petioles  1-2  •  5  mm.  1.  ; 
peduncles  pseudo-terminal  and  axillary,  solitary,  1  •  5—3  mm.   L, 
tomentose  ;  sepals  4,  3  mm.  1.,  broadly  ovate,  somewhat  acumin- 
ate ;  ovules  several  in  each  cell  ;  berry  6-8  mm.  1.  —  Macf.  Jam. 
ii.  113;  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Incl.  236;   Urban  in  Engl.  Jaftrb.  xix. 
608.     Myrtus  alpina  Sw.  Prodr.  77  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  883. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

In  fl.  May-Sept.  ;  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Swartz  !  McNab  !  Blue  Mt.  Peak, 
Purdiel  also  Priori  J.P.  877,  Monkey  Hill,  Blue  Mts.,  Morris  I  and  John 


Eugenia  MYRTACE.-I-:  337 

Crow  Peak,  Hart !  Blue  Mt.  Peak ;  Monkey  Hill ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5004- 
5006,  5648  ;  Sir  John  Peak,  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  3862  ! 

Shrub  or  tree,  6-20  ft.    Bracteoles  ovate,  acuminate,  tomentose,  3  mm.  1. 
Petals  4,  white,  longer  than  sepals. 

9.  E.  Maenabiana  Urb.  Si/ml.  Ant.  vi.  104  (1909);  branchlets 
with  minute  straight  hairs;  leaves  1-1*5  cm.  1.,  2  •  5-3  mm.  br., 
linear,  apex  rounded,  not  apiculate,  narrowed  to  the  base,  midrib 
on    upper    surface    not    evident   or    slightly    prominent,    nerves 
beneath  slender,  evident,  joined  together  along  the  margin,  with 
pellucid  dots,  membranous. — E.  oligandra  var.  Maenabiana  Kr.  & 
Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  613  (1895).     E.  rigidifolia  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Lid.  711  (1864)  (non  Eich.).  ' 

McNab  (specimen  not  seen). 

10.  E.  Fadyenii  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  En<jL  Jalrrb.  xix.  622  (1895); 
branchlets  of  the  first  year  more  or  less  brownish-tomentose  or 
glabrescent;  leaves  6-13  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical,  apex 
scarcely  or  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped 
or  acute  and  slightly  prolonged  into  the  petiole,  midrib  impressed, 
nerves  and  veins  on  upper  surface  slightly  prominent,  beneath 
more  so,  with  densely  crowded  pellucid  dots,  papery,  glabrous ; 
petioles  6-14  mm.  1.  ;    inflorescence  racemose,  brown-tomentose, 
or  glabrate,  7-11 -flowered,  2-5  cm.  1.,  rarely  paniculate;  pedicels 
3—12   mm.   1. ;    sepals   4,   somewhat  roundish,   larger   3  mm.   1.  ; 
ovules  10-14  in  each  cell. — E.  chrysophylloides  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  124 
(1850)  (non  DC.);   Griseb.  FL  Br.   W.  Ind,  238  (I860)  (under 
E.  Gregii  DC.).     Myrto  afnnis  arbor  Arc.  Sloane  Cat.  162  &  Hist, 
ii.  80,  t.  193,/.  2. 

In  fl.  July-Sept.,  in  fr.  Sept.-Dec. ;  near  Spanish  Town,  Sloane  Herb, 
vi.  77!  Salt  Hill,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadycn ;  Hopewell,  St.  Mary, 
Me  Nab  !  Prior  I  Mavis  Bank,  C.  NicJiolls  !  Port  Royal  Mts.  (Ginger  Piece, 
Falls  river)  ;  Four  Paths ;  Cornwall,  St.  Elizabeth ;  Harris !  Fl.  Jam. 
5008,  5009,  5039,  5251,  5453,  10,630,  10,638,  12,097.— Cuba. 

Shrub  or  tree,  10-25  ft.  Bracteoles  lanceolate,  not  united  at  base. 
Petals  white. 

E.  aeruginea  DC.  has  been  cited  by  Grisebach  as  occurring  in  Jamaica, 
but  we  have  not  seen  a  specimen.  It  is  a  native  of  the  W.  Indian  Islands 
from  Cuba  to  Trinidad.  It  differs  from  E.  Fadyenii  especially  in  the 
roundish  bracteoles  united  at  base. 

11.  E.  sulcivenia  Kr.  tO  Urb.  in  EngL  Jahrb.  xix.  632  (1895); 
branchlets  of  the  first  year  at  the  apex  puberulous  with  very 
short    spreading    hairs,   later    glabrescent  ;    leaves   7-10   cm.    1., 
3-5  cm.  br.,  ovate  or  ovate-elliptical,   apex  long  but  somewhat 
broadly  acuminate  with  rounded  or  obtuse  tip,  base  rounded  or 
rather  narrow,  subacute,  midrib   strongly  impressed,  nerves  on 
upper    surface    impressed,    beneath    slightly    prominent,    veins 
scarcely  or  not  evident,  with  frequent  pellucid  dots,  on  the  upper 

v.  z 


:;:;s  I-U>I;A  OF  JAMAICA 

.surface  subimpressed,  leatlieiy,  glabrous;  petioles  10-12  nun.  1.  ; 
iiiiloiv.sreiu-rs  '2  ~>  cm.  1.,  with  10— 16  flowers,  puberulous  j  bracts 
broadly  triangular  or  ovate-triangular,  obtuse  or  acute,  '8— !••'• 
nun.  1.  ;  prdiri-ls  :>-6  mm.  1.  ;  sepals:  the  longer  1*5  mm.  1.,  apex 
subtrum-ate,  the  shorter  slightly  apiculate ;  ovary  semiglobose  or 
semiovoid ;  ovules  17-22  in  each  cell;  berry  obliquely  globulose, 
~>  mm.  in  cliam. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Aug. ;  near  Newcastle,  5049,  Hart  I 

Bractcoles  triangular,  somewhat  obtuseTabout  '8  mm.  1.,  scarcely  united 
at  base.  Berries  glandular-granulate. 

12.  E.  biflora  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  276  (1828)  ;  young  branchlets 
puberulous  with  very  short  spreading  hairs  or  somewhat  silky  ; 
leaves  3-7  cm.  1.,  1  •  2-3  cm.  br.,  lanceolate  to  ovate-elliptical  or 
elliptical,  more  or  less  acuminate  with  tip  generally  rounded  or 
obtuse  (rarely,  5057,  acute),  base  wedge-shaped,  midrib  impressed, 
nerves  and  veins  very  slightly  prominent  or  scarcely  evident  on 
both  sides,  with  few  dots  more  or  less  pellucid,  on  upper  surface 
impressed  or  not  evident  or  slightly  prominent,  beneath  generally 
slightly  prominent  often  brownish,  glabrous  on  both  sides  or 
hairy  on  the  midrib  ;  petioles  3-8  mm.  1. ;  inflorescences  race- 
mose, axillary  or  pseudo-terminal,  2-4-  even  to  10-flowered, 
shortly  pubescent  or  tomentose,  1-7  cm.  1.  ;  pedicels  5-15  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals  1*8-2 '5  mm.  1.,  in  fr.  3  mm.  1.;  berries  6-10  mm.  in 
diarn. — E.  biflora  v.  pallens  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  629 
(1895).  E.  pallens  DO.  Prodr.  in.  284(1828);  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  237  (in  part).  E.  dumosa  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  123  (1850) 
(non  DO.).  Myrtus  biflora  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1056  (1759)  &  Amoen. 
v.  398,  379  ;  Lun.  Hort.  Jam.  i.  537.  Caryophyllus  fruticosus  <fcc. 
Browne  Hist.  Jam.  248,  /.  25,  /.  3.  C.  fruticosus  Mill.  Gard. 
Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Type  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn. ;  specimen 
from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Rod  wood. 

Browne  \  Swartz  \  Macfadyen  !  Purdie  !  March  !  J.P.  904,  Kings  House 
grounds ;  J.P.  1419  (in  part)  near  Cinchona,  Hart !  Blue  Mts.  ;  Port  Royal 
Mts. ;  near  Hope,  750-1000  ft. ;  Great  Goat  Is. ;  Hams !  between  Four 
Paths  and  Clarendon  Park,  Harris  &  Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  5012,  5018,  5019, 
5057,  5232,  5270,  5741,  5746.  5771,  5793,  5863,  5953,  8369,  8951,  9322, 
10,631,  10,632. 

Shrub  8-10  ft.  high,  or  tree  15  ft.  high.  Leaves  papery-leathery.  Petals 
4-5  mm.  1.  Ovary  on  outside  white-silky.  Berries  obliquely  obovate- 
globulose,  with  1  or  2  seeds. 

The  specimen  from  McNab  (in  Herb.  Hort.  Reg.  Bot.  Edin.)  cited  by 
Grisebach  (op.  cit.  239)  as  E.  floribunda  West,  is  probably  to  be  referred 
to  E.  biflora ;  it  consists  only  of  leafy  shoots. 

Var.  virgultosa  Kr.  &  Urb.  torn.  cit.  628  ;  leaves  3  •  5-8  cm.  1., 
l'5-3  cm.  br.,  ovate,  ovate-elliptical,  to  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
with  long  or  very  long  and  narrow  tip,  acute  or  somewhat  obtuse, 
on  both  sides  somewhat  pubescent  with  adpressed  hairs,  at 


Eugenia  MYRTACE.E  339 

length  especially  on  upper  surface  glabrescent,  on  upper  surface 
impressed  distinctly  or  slightly,  beneath  prominent,  with  pellucid 
dots  impressed  on  upper  surface,  usually  not  evident  beneath, 
papery-leathery;  petioles  3-7  mm.  1.;  inflorescences  with  8-10 
flowers,  puberulous  or  more  or  less  pubescent  with  aclpressed 
hairs;  pedicels  3-10  mm.  1.;  sepals:  the  longer  1*5-2  mm.  1. ; 
ovules  9-13  in  each  cell.— E.  virgultosa  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  280 
(1828)  (in  part) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  122  ;  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Ind.  237 
(in  part).  E.  acutiloba  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  281  (1828);  Macf.  Jam. 
ii.  123.  E.  virgata  Macf.  Jam,  ii.  121  (1850)?  Myrtus " virgul- 
tosa Sw.  Prodr.  79  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  905  (excl.  syn.  Plum.). 

Ho  d  wood. 

Wright  \  Swartz ;  Blue  Mts.,  Tussac  (in  Hb.  DC.) ;  Port  Eoyal  Mts. ; 
Bock  Fort ;  Portland  Gap ;  Purdie !  Blue  Mts.  and  Port  Royal  Mts. 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5014,  5015,  5022,  5044,  5079,  5084,  5185,  5200,  5240-5242 
(approaching  v&r.  ludibunda),  5243,  5248,  5268,  5289,  5291,  5301,  5336,5349, 
5365,  5368,  5418,  5469  ;  Morses  Gap,  Q.  E.  Nichols !— Northern  Brazil. 

Var.  ludibunda  Kr.  d  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  630  (1895) ; 
leaves  4-6*5  cm.  1.,  2-3*5  cm.  br.,  elliptical,  roundish-oval,  or 
obovate,  generally  moderately  acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  nerves 
6-10,  on  the  upper  surface  slightly  prominent  or  flat,  rarely 
slightly  impressed,  beneath  with  the  veins  more  or  less  prominent, 
with  dots  pellucid,  on  upper  surface  slightly  prominent  or  not 
evident,  beneath  prominent  or  scarcely  evident;  petioles  3-7(-12) 
mm.  1. ;  inflorescences  with  6-12  flowers  ;  pedicels  3-12  mm.  1.  ; 
bracteoles  roundish-ovate,  1-1*2  mm.  1.  ;  sepals :  the  longer 
1  •  5-2  mm.  1.,  roundish  or  semi-oval. — E.  ludibunda  Bertero  ms.  ex 
DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  280  (1828).  Myrtus  arborea  inodora,  foliis  latis 
subrotundis,  flore  albo  fructu  monopyreno  Sloane  Cat.  162  & 
Hist.  ii.  78. 

Near  Spanish  Town,  Sloane  Herb.  vi.  73 !  Wright !  Shakespear ! 
Macfadyen  !  Corby,  Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  Fawcett !  Gordon  Town  road,  800  ft. ; 
coastal  thickets,  Bluefields  ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  8591,  9687,  10,196.  The 
specimen  from  Corby,  Fl.  Jam.  96S7  (with  narrower  leaves),  and  that 
from  Bluefields,  Fl.  Jam.  10^196  (with  larger  leaves  up  to  10  cm.  1.  and 
3' 5  cm.  br.),  are  regarded  byurban  as  forms  of  this  variety.— Hispaniola, 
Porto  Rico,  St.  Cruz,  Antigua. 

Var.  Wallenii  Kr.  &  Urb.  torn.  cit.  629 ;  leaves  3-6  cm.  1., 
•7-1  *5  cm.  br.,  narrowly  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate 
with  a  very  long  drawn  out  tip  somewhat  obtuse  or  acute,  nerves 
on  the  upper  surface  not  evident  nor  impressed,  beneath  a  little 
prominent  or  slightly  evident,  on  both  sides  sparingly  hairy  or 
glabrescent,  with  pellucid  dots,  on  upper  surface  impressed, 
beneath  not  evident ;  petioles  2-4  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences  with 
7  (5-11)  flowers,  often  with  a  terminal  flower  ;  pedicels  3-7  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals  :  the  longer  1-1  •  2  mm.  1.,  roundish. — E.  Wallenii  3Iacf. 
Jam.  ii.  118  (1850).  E.  modesta  v.  jaraaicensis  Berg  in  FL 

z  2 


.">  40  FI.<  >K.v    OF   JAMAICA  /'-'".'/' 


Urn*,  .cir.  ft.  1.  •">  1  I  (l^r>7).      E.  Hartii  Kim'rxJi.  in  Sot.  Tidsskr. 
a»fi.  271,  /.  6,  /.  9u  (1888). 

In    11.   June-Dec.:    Cold   Spring;    Wallrnford  ;    Mac]<;          '    7J//r 
J.P.  10  IS  hiuh  mountain  thickets,  Hart  !  Blue  Mts.  and  Port  Royal  }h 
7/(//-m  !  Fl.  Jam.  5043,  5045-5047,  5077,  5078,  5081,  5083,  5129,  5±iL. 
5287,  5288,  5±)(>,  5299,  5357,  5364,  53G8,  5483,  5485,  5524,  5608,  5651,  57^ 

13.  E.  braehythrix  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  w.  23(1909);  branchk-ts 
of  first  year  densely  covered  with  very  short,  spreading,   simple 
hairs;  leaves  5-7  cm.  1.,  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate 
with  tip  long  and  rather  narrow,  more  or  less  narrowed  at  base 
into    the    petiole,  midrib  on  upper  surface    narrowly    furrowed- 
impressed,    nerves   on    upper    surface    scarcely   or   not   evident, 
beneath    nerves    and    veins    slightly    prominent,    marginal    vein 
1   or  2  mm.  from  margin,  dots  few,  not  evident  on  surface  but 
pellucid,  glabrescent  or  glabrate,  papery  or  somewhat  leathery  : 
petioles    2*5-4    mm.    1.  ;    inflorescences   axillary   and   terminal, 
racemose,    with    4-10    flowers,   1*5-2    cm.  L,    with  very'  short, 
adpressed  hairs  ;  bracts  acute  ;  pedicels  4—7  mm.  1.  ;  calyx  with 
short    and    adpressed    white    hairs  ;     larger    lobes    2    mm.    L, 
1'5   mm.   br.,    roundish,    apex    rounded,    smaller  half-roundish; 
ovules    in    each    cell    few  ;    berries    unripe,    obovoid,    densely 
glandular-granulate. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Aug.,  in  fr.  to  Dec.  ;  Spanish  River,  Blue  Mts.,  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5306,  5307,  5440. 

Infloy  o<  :,  nc\s  ^-ueraliy  solitary  from  the  axils,  at  the  apex  of  the 
branches  several,  shortly  or  very  shortly  pedunculate;  bracts  persistent, 
ovate  or  triangular,  '7-1  '4  rnm.  1.  Bracteoles  ovate-triangular,  acute, 
slightly  united  at  base.  Calyx-lobes,  glandular-granulate  with  short 
white  hairs. 

14.  E.  jamaieensis  Berg  in  Linnaea  xxvii.  237  (1856)  ;  young 
branchlets   puberulous   with    adpressed   white  hairs  ;  leaves  6-9 
cm.  L,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  often 
apiculate,  base  acute,  midrib  slightly  impressed,  nerves  on  upper 
surface  slightly  prominent,  nerves  and  veins  beneath  prominent, 
with  very  dense  pellucid  dots  not  conspicuous  on  upper  surface, 
very    slightly    prominent    beneath,    submembranous,    glabrous  ; 
petioles    5-7    mm.  1.  ;    inflorescences   with    6-10    flowers,  1-1  '5 
cm.  1.  ;    puberulous    with   very    short   adpressed  hairs  ;    pedicels 
4-7  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  subequal,  ovate  ;  ovules  in  each  cell  few.- 
Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  625. 

Wright  I  ?    Scot  !    Cumin  g  ;    hill  north  of  Montego   Bay,  Harris  !  Fl. 
Jam.  10,320. 

15.  E.  Alexandri  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Engl  Jalirb.  xix.  626  (1895); 
young  branchlets  puberulous  at  apex  with  very  short  adpressed 
hairs;   leaves  8—  5(—  11)  cm.  1.,  oval-oblong  or  oblong,  acuminate 
with  tip  acute  or  sometimes  obtuse  and  apiculate,  base  subacute. 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^E  341 

obtuse,  or  rounded,  midrib  canaliculate-impressed,  nerves  on 
upper  surface  scarcely  prominent  or  subimpressed,  beneath 
prominent,  veins  beneath  slightly  or  scarcely  evident,  with  very 
dense  tuberculate  dots  on  both  sides  especially  beneath,  pellucid, 
unequal,  puberulous  with  very  short  hairs  on  upper  surface, 
subglabrous  beneath,  submembranous  or  papery,  margin  minutely 
crenate ;  inflorescences  axillary,  subsessile,  with  6-8  flowers, 
1—2  cm.  1.,  puberulous  with  very  short  and  adpressed  hairs ; 
pedicels  3—7  mm.  1. ;  sepals  :  the  larger  2-2*3  mm.  1.,  roundish 
or  semioval,  apex  rounded  or  subtruncate ;  ovules  in  each  cell 
numerous ;  berry  globose,  12—13  mm.  in  diam. — E.  disticha 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  237  (1860)  (in  part)  (non  DC.}.  Myrtus 
disticha  Boi.  Mag.  t.  867  (non  Sw.}.  Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

In  fl.  Jan. -July ;  Moneague,  Prior  \ 
\Shrub.      Bracteoles   shortly  trig 
Petals  5-6  mm.  1.     Berry  3-seeded. 


\Shrub.      Bracteoles   shortly  triangular-half-roundish,    slightly   united. 
>tms  5-6 


16.  E.  distieha  DC.   Prodr.- Hi.    274  (1828);   branchlets  of 
first  year   puberulous   above  with    very   short  hairs    or    silky ; 
leaves  6-9  cm  1.,  ovate-elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical,  more  or  less 
acuminate,  with  tip  acute  or  mucronate,  base  rounded,  midrib 
impressed,  nerves  on  upper  surface  very  slightly  prominent  or  im- 
pressed, beneath  with  veins  slightly  prominent,  with  pellucid  dots 
not  numerous,  not  conspicuous  on  upper  surface  except  in  young 
leaves,  very  few  evident  beneath,  puberulous  on  both  sides  at 
first,  glabrescent  later,  papery ;    petioles  2-4  mm.   1.  ;    inflores- 
cences axillary,  1-2  cm.  L,  or  shorter,  with  4-9  flowers,  puberu- 
lous with  very  short  adpressed  hairs  ;  bracteoles  ovate,  acuminate  ; 
pedicels  generally  1*5-3  mm.  1.;  sepals:  the  larger  1*5  mm.  1., 
roundish  with  rounded  apex  ;  ovules  about  15  in  each  cell ;  berry 
ovate  or  obovate. — Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.   237  (excl.  reference 
to  Jacq.)  ;   Urb.  in  Enyl.  Jahrb.  xix.  627.      Myrtus  disticha  Sw. 
Prodr.    78    (1788)    &  >/.    Ind.    Occ,    894;    Lindl    Coll.    t.    19. 
M.  horizontahs  Vent.  Malm.  t.  60  (1803). 

Bo  d  wood. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Feb. -May ;  Wright  \  Shakespearl  Moneague,  Priori 
March  !  Ugly  river,  Jenman !  Kentucky  Hill,  Bluefields  Mt.,  2000-2500  ft. ; 
Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,206  ;  near  Moneague,  Britton  2675  ! 

Specimens  from  Dolphin  Head,  Fl.  Jam.  9256  and  9259,  are  distin- 
guished by  stouter  and  slightly  longer  petioles ;  the  young  foliage  is 
described  as  "  brilliant  crimson." 

Shrub,  4-8  ft.  high.     Berry  red  to  purplish-brown,  with  2-4(-8)  seeds. 

17.  E.  Harrisii  Kr.  &  Urb.  in  Encjl.  Jalirb.  xix.  632  (1895); 
branchlets  of  the  first  year  glabrous  ;  leaves  5-8  •  5  cm.  1.  (3  •  5), 
1*5-4  cm.  br.,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  apex 
obtusely   acuminate,  base  obtuse   or  rounded,  sometimes  acute, 
midrib  impressed,  nerves  on  the  upper  surface  slightly  impressed, 


o4J  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Eugi 


beneath  slightly  or  scarcely  prominent,  veins  not  or  scarcely 
evident,  with  usually  numerous  impressed  dots  on  upper  surface, 
pellucid  dots  tV\\.  leathery,  glabrous  ;  petioles  6-ll'  mm.  1.  ; 
infloi  -essences  1—3*5  mi.  1.,  with  7-11  flowers,  glabrous,  axillary, 
M.litarv,  racemose,  sometimes  branched  from  the  base  and  sub- 
paniculate,  somewhat  rarely  two,  one  above  the  other,  generally 
with  a  subsessile  terminal  flower,  conspicuously  glandular  : 
peduncle  0—15  mm.  1.  ;  bracts  triangular,  obtuse,  *5—  1  mm.  1.  ; 
pedicels  5-12  mm.  1  ;  sepals  :  the  longer  roundish,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  1  '5-1  'JS  mm.  1.  :  the  shorter  sometimes  somewhat  pointed  ; 
ovary  glabrous  on  outside,  shortly  obovoid  ;  ovules  in  each  cell 
9-14  (tide  Urban);  berry  ovoid  or  obovoid,  2-7-seeded.  —  E.  dis- 
ticha  3/«r/.  Jam.  it.  114  (1850)  (non  DC.)  may  be  conspecific,  but 
we  have  not  seen  a  specimen. 

In  fl.  throughout  year,  chiefly  June-Sept.;  Purdie  ;  J.P.  1150,  Morris  \ 
J.P.  1419,  Hart  !  Latimer  road,  near  Cinchona,  Fawcett  \  Blue  Mts.  ; 
Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5010,  5017,  5020,  5021,  5056,  5058, 
5182,  5211,  5239,  5256,  5282,  5283,  5297,  5305,  5311,  5353,  5366,  5367,  5634, 
5732,  5739,  7258. 

Shrub,  5-16  ft.  high.  Bracteolcs  triangular,  acute  or  shortly  acuminate, 
•5-1  mm.  1.  Petals  rose  or  sometimes  white,  2*5-3  mm.  1.  Berries 
8-10  mm.  1. 

Var.  grandifolia  Kr.  &  Urb.  I.e.;  leaves  10-12  cm.  1.  ;  petiole 
12-16  mm.  1.  ;  bracts  triangular,  acute  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  1-2  mm.  1.  ;  pedicels  '5  mm.  thick;  flowers  larger; 
sepals  2  *  5-3  mm.  1. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Sept.  ;  Egnor  Gap,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5048. 

18.  E.  erenata  Bcr<j  in  Linnsea  xxvii.  226  (1856)  ;  glabrous; 
branchlets   of   the  first   year    glabrous    except   the   young   tips 
puberulous  ;   leaves  4-6  cm.  1.,  narrowly  ovate   or   ovate-oblong, 
narrowly  acuminate  with  a  rounded  tip,  base  acute  (or  obtuse), 
midrib  usually  impressed,  nerves  on  the  upper  surface  scarcely 
evident,  beneath  slightly  prominent,  dots  very  frequent,  pellucid, 
on    both    sides    prominent,    blackish    (in    old    leaves    becoming 
impressed   above),   papery   becoming    leathery,    margin   crenate  ; 
petiole  4—  o(—  13)  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences  l-2(-4)  cm.  1.,  racemose, 
with  5-20    flowers,  glandular,   glabrous   or   with    a    few   hairs  ; 
bracts  triangular,  obtuse,  '5-  '8  mm.  1.  ;  pedicels   12-6  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals  :  the  longer  1  •  5-1  •  8  mm.  1.  ;  petals  about  3  mm.  1.  ;  ovules 
few  in  each  cell.  —  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jalirb.  xix.   633.      E.   pallens 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  237  (1860)  (in  part)  (non  DC.). 

Near  Portland  Gap,  Blue  Mts.,  Purdie  \  near  Fairfield,  Wull- 
schlaegel,  836. 

Type  specimen  from  Wullschlaegel  not  seen. 

19.  E.  Nieholsii  Fawc.  <0  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixw.  14  (1926)  ; 
young  branchlets  puberulous;  leaves  5*5-3  cm.  1.,  1  '5-2  cm.  br., 
lanceolate  to  narrowly  elliptical,  acuminate,  tip  long,  obtuse,  base 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^E  343 

rounded  or  blunt,  midrib  impressed,  nerves  and  veins  scarcely 
evident  on  upper  surface,  slightly  prominent  beneath,  with  dots 
scarcely  pellucid,  impressed  on  upper  surface,  conspicuous  beneath 
in  younger  leaves,  glabrous,  leathery  ;  petioles  5-6  mm.  1.  ; 
inflorescences  terminal  and  axillary,  3-10-flowerecl,  racemulose, 
rhachis  of  terminal  1-3*5  cm.  1.,  of  axillary  4-10  mm.  1., 
glabrous,  glandular;  pedicels  4-6  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  2—1  '5  mm.  1., 
semicircular  to  roundish,  ciliate  ;  ovary  2-celled,  ovules  several 
(about  12)  in  each  cell;  berry  6  mm.  1.,  ellipsoidal,  4-seeded. 
Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Morses  Gap,  5000  ft.,  Blue  Mts.,  G.  E.  Nichols,  23  ! 

Bracteoles  1'2  mm.  1.,  ovate,  ciliate.     Petals  3  '5^4  mm.  1.,  elliptical. 


20.  E.  Rendlei  Urb.  Symb.  Ant,  mi.  302  (1912);  branchlets 
of  the  first  year  glabrous;  leaves  7-11  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acuminate 
with  an  acute  or  mucronate  tip,  base  rounded,  midrib  011  upper 
surface  deeply  impressed,  nerves  on  both  sides  not  or  scarcely 
evident,  with  numerous  pellucid  dots,  leathery,  glabrous,  margin 
entire;   petioles  5-10  mm.  1.;   inflorescences  axillary,  sessile  or 
shortly  stalked,  racemose  with  4  flowers,  1-2  '5  cm.  1.;  pedicels 
5-9  mm.  1.  ;   sepals  :  the  longer  narrowly  ovate,   2  mm.  L,  the 
shorter  half-roundish,  1  mm.  1.  ;  petals  4  mm.  1.  ;  ovules  few  in 
each  cell. 

Inn.  Mar.;  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1700  ft.,  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl. 
Jam.  10,768. 

Tree,  20  ft.  high.  Peduncle  almost  none  to  6  mm.  L,  glandular-granu- 
late, as  also  the  pedicels.  Sepals,  apex  rounded.  Petals  white.  Stamens 
white.  Ovary  glabrous. 

21.  E.  buxifolia  Willd.  Sp.  PI  ii.  960  (1800)  ;  branchlets  of 
the  first  year  with  short  or  very  minute  spreading  hairs,  some- 
times subglabrous   or  glabrous  ;    leaves   2  •  5-4  •  5   cm.   1.    (rarely 
more),   obovate  to  oblanceolate,  apex    rounded    or  at  least  less 
narrowed    than    at    the  base,    base   more   or    less   wedge-shaped, 
rarely  oval  with  obtuse  base,  midrib  not  impressed,  but  some- 
times from    about   the    middle  narrowly  furrowed,   nerves    and 
veins  slightly  prominent  above,  more  so  beneath,  the  lowest  sub- 
parallel  to  margin,  'with  dots  not  pellucid,  glabrous,  leathery; 
petioles   1-4  mm.   1.  ;  inflorescences   1-4  in  the  leaf  axils,  or  at 
nodes  where  leaves  have  fallen,  very  short  racemes,  2  mm.  L,  or 
flowers  in  clusters,  rarely  loosely-flowered  ;  pedicels  0-'5  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals  :    the  longer  •  6-1   mm.   1.,  semicircular  to  shortly  ovate  ; 
ovules  in  each  cell  generally  few  ;  berries  globose,   4-6  mm.  in 
diam.  —  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  116  ;  Nutt.  Sylvai.  108,  t.  29  ;  Sarg.  Silva 
v.  43,  t.  206  ;   Urb.  in  Engl.  JaJirb.  xix.  637  ;  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  448 
A:  rni.  486  ;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  832  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah. 
Fl.  303.     E.  lateriflora  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  236  (1860)  (excl. 
hab.  S,  Croix)  (non  Willd.}.     Myrto  afiinis  buxi  foliis  &c.  Sloane 
Cat.  162  &  Hist.  ii.  79,  t.  192,  /.  6.     Myrtus  buxifolia  Sw.  Pro<lr. 


344 


FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA 


78   (17>»   A:    FL  Intl.    Oft:   899.      Spi-rimms  from   Swart/  from 
Hispaniuln  and  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.      (Fig.  128.) 

R  o  d  w  o  o  d. 

In  fl.  June-Auu.;  Shane  Herb.  vi.  76!  Wriqlit  \  Masson\  Swartzl 
_!/,/.  ,/ !  Green  Valley,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  J.P.  90S,  jl/orn's !  Liguanea 

plain,  J.P.  903,  H«rt  !  Port  Royal  Mts. ;  Grove,  above  Hope,  800  ft.  ; 


Fig.  128. — Eugenia  litxlfoUa  Willd. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        (.',  Berry  cut   lengthwise,  showing  the 

flowers  x  - .  undeveloped  cell,  c,  and  the  seed, 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  with  most  of 

the  stamens  removed  x  7.  D;  Embryo  X  2. 

Lono-  Mt.,  700-800  ft. ;  between  Portland  Point  and  Rocky  Point ;  Harris  ! 
base  of  Long  Mt.,  Campbell !  Fl.  Jam.  5025,  5063-5065/5770.  6526,  8859, 
8641,  9018,  J0,017,  10,181. — Florida,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispumcla,  Porto 
Rico,  St.  Thomas,  bt.  Cruz. 

Shrub  4-16  ft.  or  tree  15-25  ft.  high.  Petals  l'S-2-5  mm.  1.,  white  or 
pink.  Berries  when  ripe  red,  afterwards  black.  Seed  1  (2). 

Wood  very  heavy,  hard,  strong,  close-grained,  but  of  small  size. 

22.  E.  abbreviata  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  ri  24  (1909);  branchlets 
of  first  year  glabrous  ;  leaves  5-7*5  cm.  1.,  ovate  or  elliptical  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  base  rounded  or 
gradually  narrowing,  midrib  furrowed-impressed,  nerves  on  upper 
surface  scarcely  prominent,  more  so  beneath,  veins  beneath 
slightly  prominent,  with  numerous  dots  somewhat  pellucid,  above 
slightly  impressed,  beneath  not  or  scarely  prominent,  stiffly 
papery  or  leathery,  glabrous ;  petioles  3-4  mm.  1. ;  inflorescences 
axillary,  with  2-4  flowers,  much  shortened,  3-7  mm.  1.,  sparingly 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^l  345 

puberulous,  with  peduncle  2  mm.  1.  or  none ;  pedicels  1-2  mm.  1., 
in  fruit  4  mm.  1.  :  sepals  :  the  larger  1  *5  mm.  1.,  roundish,  trun- 
cate at  apex  ;  ovules  few  in  each  cell ;  berry  globulose,  to  8  mm. 
in  diam. 

In  fl.  and  fr.  Feb.,  March;  Distinl  Manchester,  Purdiel  near  Grand- 
vale,  480  ft.,  Harris!  Fl.  Jam.  7101. 

Bracteoles  triangular,  slightly  united  at  base.  Calyx-tube  puberulous 
with  minute  adpressed  white  hairs.  Petals  3  mm.  1.  Berry  glabrate, 
densely  granulate. 

23.  E.  Sehulziana  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  vii  304  (1912);  braiichlets 
of  first  year  with  very  minute    spreading   hairs  (seen   under   a 
strong    lens);    leaves    3*5-7  cm.   L,  oval-elliptical    or    elliptical, 
acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  narrowed  to  the  base,  midrib  broad, 
flat,  very  slightly  impressed  towards  the  base,  slightly  prominent 
towards  the  apex,  nerves  on    upper  surface  slightly  prominent, 
beneath   nerves    and    veins    more    prominent,   joined    together 
2-3  mm.  from  margin,  with  dots  not  or  scarcely  pellucid,  a  little 
prominent  'or  on  upper  surface  not  evident,  glabrous  except  on 
the  midrib  which  is  very  minutely  puberulous,  papery  ;  petioles 
2  mm.  1. ;  inflorescences  racemosely  4-6-flowered,  much  shortened, 
rhachis  3-5  mm.  L,  densely  puberulous  with  very  minute  hairs; 
pedicels  3-1  '5  mm.  1. ;  sepals:  the  larger  roundish,  1*5  mm.  L, 
2  mm.  br.  ;  ovules  few  in  each  cell. 

In  fl.  Sept.;  near  Hopeton,  Westmoreland,  1350  ft.,  Harrisl  Fl.  Jani. 
976-x 

Tree,  30  ft.  high.  Inflorescences,  axillary  1  or  2,  with  one  above  the 
other,  the  lower  less  developed,  pseudoterminal,  peduncle  1-2  mm.  1. 
Bracteoles  triangular-roundish,  close  together  at  base,  but  not  united. 
Calyx-tube  very  minutely  puberulous. 

24.  E.  Wilsonella    Fawc.  d-  Hendle   in   Journ.  Bot.    Ixiv.   15 
(1926);  glabrate,  but  very  young  branchlets  puberulous;  leaves 
3-5    cm.  L,   10-17    mm.  br.,  lanceolate    or    elliptical-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  tip  acute,  base    acute   to   obtuse,  midrib    impressed, 
nerves    and    veins    scarcely  evident    on    upper    surface,   slightly 
prominent  beneath,  >with  dots  pellucid,  slightly  prominent  (when 
young)  or  impressed  or  not   evident   on  upper  surface,  slightly 
prominent  or  not  evident  beneath,  puberulous  on  upper  surface 
especially  on  midrib,  at  length  glabrate,  papery  ;  petioles  3  mm.  1. ; 
inflorescences    axillary,    with    4-6    flowers,    racemulose    or    sub- 
clustered,     much     shortened,     rhachis     2-0     mm.     L,     minutely 
puberulous    or    glabrate ;  pedicels    4-S  mm.  1.  ;    sepals   1  •  5-1  •  1 
mm.  L,  roundish,  ciliate,  apex  mucronate ;  ovules  few  (2-7)  in 
each  cell.     Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Wilson ! 

Inflorescence  sometimes  grows  on  into  a  leafy  shoot.  Bracteoles  1  •  5 
mm.  1.,  triangular,  acute,  united  below.  Calyx-tube  minutely  warty. 
Petals  3-3 '5  mm.  L,  glandular. 


FLORA    OF   JAM  Ah  A  /          ..la 

25.   E.  glabrata  ]H\  V'/W/-.  in.  -74  (182*)  :  young  brand  i! 
with  verv  minute  hairs  (glabrous  in  Jamaican  specimens);  lea-. 

8  cm.  ].,  elliptical,  elliptical-oblong,  or  ovate,  acuminate 
with  obtuse  tip,  l>ase  rounded  or  acute,  midrib  deeply  improved, 
nerves  on  upper  surface  slightly  <»r  scarcely  prominent,  beneath 
more  so,  veins  scarcely  evident  on  both  sides,  with  dots  not 
pellucid,  glabrous,  papery  ;  petioles  5-7  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences 
>lmrt  raceme^.  1-4,  clustered,  4-11  mm.  1.,  with  minute  hairs; 
pedicels  1-1  *o  mm.  1.  ;  bracteoles  minute,  semicircular;  sepals: 
the  longer  semioval,  1—1  '2  mm.  1.,  obtuse  or  rounded;  ovary 
minutely  puberulous  ;  ovules  in  each  cell  few  :  berries  oblong, 
10-13  mm.  1.  —  Vrb.  in  EngL  Jahrb.  xix.  642  &  Si/mb.  Ant.  rii.  487. 
Myrtus  glabrata  Sic.  Prodr.  78  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  903. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  from  Hispaniola  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

In  fr.  Jan.  -July;  Morris,  J.P.  1017!  Port  Royal  Mts.  (near  Chester 
Vale  ;  near  Woodcutters'  Gap  ;  Silver  Hill  Gap,  3600  ft.)  ;  Peckham  Woods, 
Clarendon,  2500-2800  ft.  ;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  5069,  5557,  5609,  5725,  5784, 
10.867.—  Cuba,  Hispaniola. 

The  Jamaican  specimens  are  in  fruit  only.  Urban  places  them  under 
E.  glabrata  provisionally,  and  thinks  that  possibly  they  may  be  only  a 
variety  of  E.  axillaris  Willd. 

Shrub  4-5  ft.  or  tree  (in  Jamaica)  15-30  ft.  high.  Petals  3  mm.  1. 
Berries  black. 


26.  E.  axillaris  Wilhl  %  PL  ii  960  (1800)  :  young  branchlets 
glabrous  ;  leaves  4-8  cm.  1.,  1  '5-5*5  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or  broadly 
"vate  to  oblong,  apex  obtuse  or  generally  obtusely  acuminate, 
base  acute,  prolonged  into  the  petiole,  rarely  rounded,  midrib 
deeply  impressed,  nerves  and  veins  scarcely  prominent  on  upper 
surface,  beneath  slightly  prominent,  with  dots  not  pellucid, 
glabrous,  papery-leathery  :  petioles  5-8  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences 
1-3,  clustered  in  axils,  very  short  racemes,  2-4  mm.  1.,  rarely 
longer  (-11  mm.  1.),  glabrous;  pedicels  1-1*5  mm.  1.  ;  bracteoles 
minute,  rounded,  united  below  or  nearly  to  apex  ;  sepals  :  the 
longer  '6-  '8  mm.  1.,  semicircular  or  semioval;  ovules  few  in 
each  cell;  berries  globose,  7-10  mm.  in  diam.  —  3Iacf.  Jam.  ii. 
115  ;  Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Ind.  236  ;  Urb.  in  EngL  Jahrb.  xix.  639, 
Synth.  Ant.  iv.  448  <fe  vni.  486;  Small  FL  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  832; 
Britt.  FL  Perm.  261  :  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bah.  FL  303.  E.  baruensis 
Jacq.  Coll.  Hi.  183  (1789)  &  Ic.  Bar.  Hi.  6,  t.  486.  E.  monticola 
Griseb.  loc.  cit.  (excl.  syn.  E.  fcetida)  ;  Sary.  Sih-a  v.  45,  t.  207 
(non  DC.).  Myrtus  axillaris  Sw.  Prodr.  78  (1788)  &  FL  Ind. 
Occ.  901. 

Rod  wood,   Brown   Leaf   Redwood. 

In  fl.  June-Nov.  ;  Sloane  Herb.  vi.  75  (in  part)  !  Wright  !  Port  Royal 
Mts.,  Macfadyen]  March  !  Ewarton,  Priori  Liguanea  plain,  J.P.  1083, 
Hart\  near  Cinchona,  J.P.  1451,  Hartl  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Blue  Mts., 
Peckham  woods,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  Middlesex,  St.  Ann,  1600  ft.  ;  Dolphin 
Head,  1800  ft.  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5013,  5052,  5054,  5060,  5066,  5070,  5076. 


Eugenia  MYRTACE^E  .",47 

5086,  5087,  5118,  5284,  5285,  5303,  5322,  5323,  5403,  5405,  5896,  10,268. 
11,172,  12,031  ;  near  Moneague,  Britton,  2674,  2766  !— Bermuda,  Keys  Is.', 
Florida,  Bahamas,  Cuba.  Cayman,  Hispaniola,  Mona,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Cruz, 
St.  Martin,  Saba,  St.  Eustache,  Antigua,  Guadeloupe,  Marie-Galante  Is., 
Baru  near  Cartbagena. 

Shrub  8-15  ft.  or  tree  15-40  ft.  high.  Petals  white,  strongly  scented, 
l'8-2(-3)  mm.  1.  Ovary  glabrous.  Berries  black,  1-seeded. 

Wood  is  heavy,  hard,  strong,  and  very  close-grained,  brown  often  tinged 
with  red;  a  cubic  foot  weighs  about  571bs.  (Sargent.) 

27.  E.    isostieta    Urb.    Symb.   Ant.    v/i.    305    (1912);   young 
branchlets  glabrous;  leaves  6-9  cm.  ].,   2 '5— 3*5  cin.  br.,  ovate- 
elliptical  or  elliptical,  more  or  less  acuminate  with  a  broad  and 
very  obtuse  tip,  base  gradually  narrowed  into  the  stalk,  midrib 
on   the    upper    surface    deeply    impressed,    nerves  on  the  upper 
surface    slightly    prominent,    beneath    together    with    the    veins 
prominent,    dots    very   dense  on  both  sides,  pellucid,    glabrous, 
papery-leathery  or  leathery;  petioles  7-10  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences 
axillary,  very  abbreviated,  shortly  racemose,  with  few  flowers  ; 
peduncle  scarcely  any,    rhachis   1-7  mm.   1.,  glabrous;    pedicels 
4-7  mm.  1. ;  sepals  ovate,  apex  obtuse,  the  larger  2  mm.  1.,  the 
smaller  1  •  5  mm.  1.  ;  berries  (unripe)  globose,    glabrous,   6    mm. 
in  diam.,  one-seeded. 

In    fr.    (unripe),    Sept. ;     hills    between    Browns    Town    and    Porus, 
Manchester,  Britton,  3280. 
No  specimen  seen  by  us. 

28.  E.  Sloanei   Urb.  in  Fedde's  Eepertorium  xiv.  338  (1916); 
shrub  8-10  ft.   high;  branchlets  verruculose,   young  branchlets 
brown,  with  minute  spreading  hairs,  older  ash-coloured  ;  leaves 
3-5  (6)  cm.  1.,  broadest  about  the  middle  or  a  little  below  the 
middle,   1-2 '8  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong,  apex  very 
obtusely  acuminate,  gradually  narrowing  into  the  petiole,  midrib 
impressed  in  lower  half,  nerves  and  veins  slightly  prominent  on 
both  sides,  leathery,  with  densely  crowded  dots  evident  on  both 
sides,    more    or    less   pellucid,   glabrous ;    petioles    2—3    mm.  1.  ; 
inflorescences  axillary,  sessile,  very  shortly  racemose,  rhachis  2-5 
mm.  1.,  apparently  with  6-12  flowers  ;  pedicels  of  fruit  5-8  mm.  L, 
glabrous;  sepals  (in* fruit):  the  longer  semioval,  l-2  mm.  L,  the 
shorter  broadly  triangular  ;  berries  spheroidal  (when   1-seeded), 
4*5-5  mm.  in  diam.,  sometimes  2 -seeded  and  then  transversely 
shortly  oval,  5 '5-6  mm.  in  diam.,  very  densely  glandular-dotted. 

Rod  wood. 

In  fr.  July-Sept. ;  March  \  Falls  river,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  2500ft. ;  below 
Flamstead,  St.  Andrew,  3000  ft. ;  near  Lacovia ;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2500  ft.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  5244,  12,561,  12,779,  12,896. 

**^*  ~^WM  T£_T"I '      *^ppv»- 

29.  E.  montieola  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  275  (1828) ;  branchlets  of 
first  year   puberulous  ;  leaves   variable  in  size  and  form,  1  •  5-4 
cm.  L,  '5—2  cm.  br.,  ovate  to  narrowly  lanceolate,   or  elliptical, 
apex  scarcely  acuminate,  obtuse,  rarely  with  long  and   narrow 


FLOJ    .    OF    JAMA! 

tip,    base    v.       _       h.-ipe.l.    midrib    nn    upper  surface    not   01-   r;ir> 
impressed,  nerves  ami  veins  on  upper  sin-face  slightly  prominent 
i.r  scarcely  evident,  beneath  slightly  prominent,  papery-leathery, 
dots    not    or    somewhat    pellucid,    .^'-ibmus  ;    petioles  .')  nun.   1.  ; 
inflorescences  shortly  racemose      •  ,  at  clustered,  glabrous, 

.')-!")  nun.  1.  ;  pedicels  1-5  nun.  1.  ;  bructeoles  minute,  rounded 
<>r  generally  triangular,  .  obtuse,  generally  free;  sepals:  the 
longer  1  —  1*3  mm.  1.,  semicircular;  ovules  few  in  each  cell; 
It-Tries  ulohose,  1-6  mm.  in  diam.  —  -3Ia<-f.  Jam.  ii.  117;  Urb. 
in  Kitifl.  JtiJirli.  .ii.c.  <)•")•"),  Sifinb.  Ant.  ic.  448  &  r'tii.  485. 
E.  buxifolia  Grixrb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  236  (1860)  (excl.  s>/n.) 
(non  Willd.).  Myrtus  monticola  Sw.  Prodr.  78  (1788)  £  FL  Lid. 
Occ.  ii  898. 

Specimen  from  S\vartz  from  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

In  fl.  July-Dec.  ;  high  rats.,  Swart  z  !  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadyen  \ 
Waters  !  Hagley  Gap,  Blue  Mts.,  Purdie  !  Yallahs  Valley,  Prior  !  March  I 
J.P.  1194,  1203,  Morris  !  Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  Blue  Mts.  ;  Red  Hills  ;  Stony 
Hill;  Potsdam;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5053,  5055,  5059,  5061,  5062,  5250,  5260, 
530::  '.  5309,  5313,  5329,  5380,  5397,  5-Io2.  5531,  612s!  6&82,  97  ,1,  9-'02, 
11,13  ar  Cinchona,  Miss  J.  ii.  Perkins  \  —  \Vest  Indie-. 

•  6-15  ft.   or  tree  15-35  ft.   high.      Bracteoles  minute,  generally 
free.     Petals  white,  2  mm.  1.     Berries  at  length  black. 

Var.  latifolia  Kr.  <(•  Urb.  torn.  tit.  636  (1895)  ;  leaves  4-8 
cm.  1.,  1-5-4-5  cm.  br.  E.  glabrata  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  118  (1850) 
(non 


Masson  !  Swartz  \  St.  Mary,  Me  Nab  !  Moneague,  Prior  !  Port  Royal 
Mts.;  Blue  Mts.;  Crofts  Mt.,  Clarendon;  Peckhani  woods,  Clarendon; 
Harris  !  neighbourhood  of  Castleton,  Tlwmpson  !  Fl.  Jam.  5051,  5103,  6747, 
8014,  9108,  11,226,  12,767.—  W.  Indies,  Mexico. 

% 

.  E.  polypora  u'rb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  vi.  24  (1909);  glabrous; 
leaves  6—8  cm.  1.,  3-5  cm.  br.,  ovate  or  narrowly  ovate,  apex 
very  shortly  acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  base  rounded  or  sub- 
truncate,  prolonged  a  little  into  the  petiole,  midrib  prominent, 
nerves  and  veins  on  both  sides  slightly  prominent,  with  dots 
very  dense,  pellucid,  papery-leathery  ;  petioles  7-10  mm.  1.  ; 
flowers  several,  axillary  in  an  umbel-like  raceme,  rhachis 
4  mm.  1.  ;  fruiting  pedicels  10-15  mm.  1.  ;  sepals  4,  the  larger 
roundish,  3-5  mm.  1.  in  fr.,  the  smaller  2  '3  mm.  1.  ;  berries 
globose,  12-15  mm.  in  diam. 

In  fr.  March;  Dolphin  Head,  1800  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,271. 

Tree  to  "60  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  to  1  ft.  in  diam.  Bracteolelfnot  united, 
•5  mm.  1.  Berries  densely  and  minutely  granulate-dotted,  not  ribbed, 
glabrous,  1-seeded. 

31.  E.  eonfusa  DC.  Prodr.  in.  279  (1828);  young  branchlets 
glabrous  ;  leaves  4-6  •  5  cm.  1.,  very  variable  in  form,  elliptical, 
ovate,  but  lanceolate  to  linear-lanceolate  in  the  Port  Royal  Mts. 
form  (E.  fill  for  mis),  long  and  narrowly  acuminate  with  acute  or 


Eugenia  MYHTACE.K  o49 

obtuse  tip,  base  obtuse  to  wedge-shaped,  midrib  impressed, 
nerves  and  veins  distinct  and  prominent  on  upper  surface,  less  so 
beneath,  with  numerous  dots,  a  few  pellucid,  shining  on  upper 
surface,  leathery,  glabrous ;  petioles  4-8  mm.  1.  ;  inflorescences 
axillary,  racemose-umbelliform,  rhachis  7-0  mm.  1.  ;  pedicels 
slender,  8-16  mm.].;  sepals  1*5-2  mm.  1.,  broadly  ovate; 
berries  subglobose,  5-6  mm.  in  diam. —  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jalirb.  xlj-. 
643  &  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  449  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  832  ;  Britt. 
&Millsp.  Bah.  Fl.  304.  E.  filiformis  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  116  (1850). 
E.  Garberi  Sarg.  in  Gard.  <t  For.  ii.  28,  /.  87  (1889)  and  Silva 
v.  49,  t.  209. 

In  fl.  Apr.  to  Sept. ;  below  Trafalgar,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadi/en  ! 
Prior !  Silver  Hill,  Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  near  Troy,  1500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
5525,  5675,  8684,  8740.— Florida,  Bahamas,  Porto  Rico  to  Dominica. 

Shrub  8-10  ft.  or  tree  to  20  ft.  high.  Bracteoles  nearly  1  mm.  1., 
narrowly  lanceolate.  Petals  about  twice  as  long  as  sepals,  white.  Berries 
scarlet,  1-seeded. 

32.  E.  rhombea  Kr.  d>  Urb.  in  Engl.  Ja/irb.  ccix.  644  (1895) ; 
young  branchlets  glabrous;  leaves  2 '5-6  cm.  1.,  1  •  2-3  cm.  br., 
ovate  to   lanceolate,   ovate-elliptical,    ovate-oblong   or  rhomboid, 
more  or  less  acuminate,  with  a  very  obtuse,  broad,  and  rounded 
tip,  base  rounded  to  acute,  midrib  slightly  or  scarcely  prominent 
in   upper  half,   slightly   furrowed   towards  the   base,   nerves   on 
upper    surface    scarcely    prominent,  beneath    with  a   few    veins 
slightly   prominent,    with   more    or    less   pellucid    dots,    papery- 
leathery  ;   petioles  3-6  mm.   1. ;   inflorescences  axillary,  umbelli- 
forrn,   1-3,  with    2-8  flowers;   pedicels   2-15  mm.  1.,  glabrous; 
the  longer  sepals  roundish,  about  2  •  5  mm.  1. ;  ovary  glabrous  ; 
ovules   many  in  each  cell ;  berries  globose  or  obliquely  globose, 
6-7  mm.  1.,   8-9   mm.  thick,   or  even  larger,  orange,  scarlet,  or 
black.— Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  832 ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  FL 
304  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.   ix.    106.     E.  procera  Nntt.  Sylva   i.   106, 
t.  28  (1842) ;  Sarg.  Silva  v.  47,  t.  208  (non  Poir.). 

In  fl.  July,  in  fr.  Nov. ;  Long  Mt.,  behind  Mona,  800  ft. ;  Long  Mt., 
south  side,  300  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  8849,  9618  -Florida,  Bahamas,  Cuba 
to  Guadeloupe.  , 

Shrub  10  to  12  ft.  or  tree  15  to  25  ft.  high. 

Wood  heavy,  hard,  close-grained,  light  brown.     (Sargent.) 

33.  E.    elarendonensis    Urb.    Symb.    Ant.    ml.    305   (1912); 
glabrous  ;  leaves  2*5-4  cm.  1.,  1  •  1-5  cm.  br.,  elliptical-lanceolate 
to  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  towards  the  obtuse  apex,  base 
obtuse  or  rounded,  midrib  impressed  towards  the  base,  nerves  on 
both  sides  little  prominent  or  scarcely  evident,  veins  not  evident, 
with  numerous  dots  but  not  pellucid  in  older  leaves,  leathery, 
shining  on   upper  surface ;  petioles   3-6   mm.  1. ;  flowers  in  the 
axils  of  leaves,  1-4  or  as  many  as  8,  umbel  liform  at  the  end  of 
branches;  pedicels   10-17  mm.  1.  ;    sepals  4,  very  unequal,  the 


350  FI.nKA    OK    JAMAICA 

laru'iT  ovatf-roundish,  2'.~)-2'S  nnn.  ].,  tlie  smaller  1  •  ~>-2  nnii.  1.  : 
ovulc^  uiaiiv  in  c.-idi  cell. 

In   fl.  -Inly;    IVrkhum    woods,  Clarendon,   2500   ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
10,967,  l<  \v])e). 

,  in  ft.  high.     Petals  4  mm.  1.     Anthers  rose-coloured. 

34.  E.  Brownei  Urb.  in  Fedde's  Repertorium  .<•/•///.  ;>G8  (1922)  : 
young  branchlets  with  very  minute  hairs;  leaves   2  •  5-4  cm.  1., 
1-2-2 '5    cm.     br.,    ovate,     elliptical,     or    subrhomboid,    rarely 
roundish  or  round,  apex  narrowed  or  acuminate  with  very  obtuse 
tip,  base  acute,  narrowed  into  the   petiole,  midrib  impressed  to 
beyond  the  middle,  slightly  prominent  towards  the  apex,  nervc- 
and    veins    somewhat    prominent    on  both    sides,    a    continuous 
arch   1—1*  5  mm.  from    the   margin,  with  very  numerous  pellucid 
dots,    glabrous,    papery ;    petioles    2-3    mm.     1. ;    inflorescences 
axillary,  with   2-4  flowers  umbelliform  ;  pedicels   12-16  mm.  1.  ; 
sepals:  the  larger   1   mm.   1.,   1'8  mm.  br. ;  ovules  very  few  in 
each  cell. 

In  fl.  Sept. ;  banks  of  Black  river  between  Lacovia  and  Elam  Wharf, 
Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  9848. 

High  shrub.     Petals  white,  3'5  mm.  in  diam.     Ovary  glabrous. 

35.  E.  pyenoneura  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  25  (1909) ;  branchlets 
glabrous;  leaves  5-7  cm.   1.,   1  •  8-2  •  5  cm.  br.,  ovate-elliptical  to 
elliptical-lanceolate,    apex    generally    long    and    very    narrowly 
acuminate,    tip    obtuse    or    acute,    midrib    flattish    and    a    little 
prominent,  nerves  15-20  on  each  side,  slightly  prominent  on  both 
sides,   veins  scarcely  evident,  with  dots  few,  pellucid,  papery  or 
papery-leathery  ;  petioles  6-7  mm.  1.  ;  flowers   1-3,  axillary,  sub- 
sessile  or  with  pedicels  to  1  mm.  1.  ;  tube  of  calyx  glabrous,  bell- 
shaped,  long-prolonged  above  the  ovary,  1  •  5  mm.  1.  ;  ovules  few 
in  each  cell. — E.  polyneura   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  v.  446  (1908)  (non 
Koord.  &  Veil.). 

In  fl.  Oct.  ;  Vinegar  Hill,  Blue  Mts.,  3500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7448. 

Tree,  25  ft.  high.  Leaves  glabrous;  petioles  puberulous  or  glabrate. 
Bracteoles  united  into  a  short  cup,  glabrous.  Calyx  :  tube  persistent  after 
flowering,  overtopping  the  ovary  by  many  times ;  lobes  roundish,  a  little 
shorter  than  the  tube,  1  mm.  1.,  falling  away  after  flowering  with  the 
petals  and  stamens.  Petals  roundish,  1'3  mm.  1.,  densely  ciliate  on  the 
margin. 

Wood  very  hard.     (Harris.) 

36.  E.  eperforata  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  25  (1909);  glabrous; 
leaves  7—11  cm.  1.,  2-5-5  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong, 
apex  shortly  acuminate  with  obtuse  tip,  base  acute  or  obtuse,  a 
little  prolonged  into  the  petiole,  midrib  flat  or  scarcely  impressed, 
nerves  on  upper  surface  scarcely  prominent,  beneath  slightly 
prominent  and  veins  scarcely  evident,  with  dots  not  pellucid, 
papery ;  petioles  5-7  mm.  1.  ;  flowers  at  nodes  with  and  without 
leaves,  and  also  near  the  apex  of  abortive  branches,  umbelliform 


Eugenia  MYKTACE^  351 

or  on  a  very  short  rhachis  (3-5  mm.  1.),  with  1-6  flowers  ; 
pedicels  1  •  5-2  •  5  mm.  1.  ;  calyx  glabrous,  the  larger  sepals 
roundish-semicircular,  2  inm.  1.,  apex  rounded,  the  smaller 
scarcely  more  than  1  mm.  1.  ;  ovules  numerous  in  each  cell. 
Type  in  Herb.  Kew. 

In  fl.  July ;  Green  Park,  St.  Ann,  Prior  ! 

Bracts  round  the  base  of  the  pedicels  several,  minute,  -5  mm.  1. 
Peduncle  wanting.  Bracteoles  roundish,  very  shortly  apiculate,  not 
united,  1-2-1-4  mm.  1.  Petals  4  mm.  1. 

37.  E.  fra grans  Willd.  82).  PL   ii.    964   (1800)    (excl.    syn. 
Jacq.  &  Aubl.} ;  young  branchlets  of  first  year  puberulous  ;  leaves 
1-5-7   cm.   1.,  variable    in    form    and    size,    roundish,    elliptical, 
obovate  to  obovate-roundish,  apex  rounded  or  obtuse,  base  wedge- 
shaped  or  obtuse,   often  prolonged  into  the  petiole,  midrib  im- 
pressed from  base  to  apex,  nerves  and  veins  on  upper   surface 
more  or  less  slightly  prominent,  beneath  more  prominent,  some- 
times not  evident  on  both  sides,  with  dots  pellucid  but  opaque  in 
thick  leathery  leaves,  papery  to  leathery,  puberulous  on  younger 
leaves  especially  on  upper  surface  along  the  midrib,  afterwards 
glabrate ;  petioles    puberulous    or    glabrate,    3-5(-8)    mm.     1.  ; 
inflorescences    cymose,  cymes    usually  of    3    flowers    on    a    long 
peduncle  which  sometimes  branches,  forming  a  panicle  ;  peduncle 
2-7  cm.  1. ;    pedicels  2-10  mm.  1.,    the    central    flower    sessile  ; 
ovules  many  in  each  cell. — Bot.  Mag.  t,  1242  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  121  ; 
Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.   xix.   663,    Symb.   Ant.  iv.   451    &  viii.   489. 
E.  balsamica  Jacq.  Fragm.  40,  t.  45,  /.   2  (about  1805)  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  113  (inflorescences  1-flowered).    E.  ?  dichotoma  DC.  Prodr. 
///.   278(1828);    Macf.  Jam.  it.   119;  Nutt.  Sylva  i.   103,  t.   27. 
E.  emarginata  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  113  (1850)  (non  DC.)  (inflorescence 
scarcely  an  inch  long,  1-flowered).     E.  rotundifolia  Macf.  Jam.  ii. 
114  (1850)  (form  with  subsessile  roundish  leaves,  base  sometimes 
subcorclate,    obscurely     crenulate,     inflorescence     1-2-flowered). 
E.  bracteata  Macf.  Jam.   ii.    120  (1850).      Myrtus  fragrans  Su:. 
Prodr.  79  (1788)  (excl.  syn.  Aubl)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  914.     Ana- 
moinis  fragrans  Grifeb.  FL  Br.    W.  Ind.  240   (1860)  ;  Britt.  FL 
Berni.   263.     A.  punctata   Griseb.   loc.  cit.     A.  dichotoma  Sarg. 
Silva  v.   32,  t.  204  ;  Small  Fl,  S.K  U.S.  ed.  2,  833.     A.  grandis 
Britt.  in    Bull.   Torr.  Bot.    CL    xxxvii.  355    (1910)    (form    with 
obovate  leaves  and  divergent  pedicels). 

In  fl.  nearly  all  the  year;  Swartz ;  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Macfadyen ; 
St.  Ann,  Purdie ;  Moneague  and  near  Mt.  Diablo,  Prior !  Greenwich, 
Port  Royal  Mts.,  J.P.  1450,  Hart !  Port  Royal  Mts. ;  Blue  Mts. ;  Great 
Goat  Is. ;  Peckham  woods,  Clarendon ;  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann  ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  5023,  5101,  5111,  5197,  5220,  5337,  5395,  5411,  5484,  9307,  11,086, 
12,008. — Florida,  Cuba,  Mona,  Hispaniola,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Jan,  Tortola, 
-i.  Martin,  Saba,  St.  Bartholomew,  St.  Kitts,  Antigua,  Guadeloupe. 

Shrub  10  ft.  or  tree  15-50  ft.  ;  bark  reddish-yellow,  aromatic.  Flowers 
white,  very  fragrant. 


35-  I'l.nKA   OF  JAMAICA  Eugenia 

[E.  malaccensis  L.  ,s/>.  P/.  470  (ITT):'))  ;  le.-ives  1 -.")-;>,  dm.  1., 
elliptical  or  elliptical-oblong,  acuminate  or  obiuse,  papery-leathery  : 
petioles  about  1  cm.  1.  :  inflorescences  in  short  dusters  at  nodes 
which  have  dropped  their  leaves,  flowers  jointed  to  verv  .diort 
pedicel-  :  calyx  :  tube  obconical,  produced  beyond  the  ovarv  : 
petals  and  stamens  crimson  ;  fruit  somewhat  pear-shaped,  about 
7  cm.  1.,  2 '5-5  cm.  thick,  pink  or  white. — Lunan  Hort.  Jam.  it. 
I'll  :  2Wm-  Fl.  Ant.  in.  S'J,  /.  25;  Urb.  in  Engl  Jaltrb.  xlx.  666. 
Jambosa  malaccensis  DC.  Prodr.  in.  286  (1828)  ;  Bot.  Mag. 
1.  4  108;  Gn'*rb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  235.  J.  purpurascens  DC.  loc. 

r/'t.  ;    Marf.   Jidil.   it.    105. 

Otaheite  Apple. 

l'rior\  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  11,900.  Naturalized,  introduced  from  Otaheite 
by  His  Majesty's  ship  "Providence"  in  1793.  Said  to  be  a  native  of 
Malaya,  but  apparently  only  found  now  cultivated ;  cult,  throughout 
tropics. 

Tree,  25-60  ft.  high.  Wood  soft,  a  cubic  ft.  weighs  38  Ibs.  Fruit  eaten 
raw,  cooked,  or  preserved  in  syrup.] 

[E.  Jambos  L.  Sp.  PL  470  (1753);  leaves  1-2-5  dm.  1.,. 
lanceolate-acuminate,  papery-leathery  ;  petioles  5-8  mm.  1.  ; 
inflorescence  a  terminal  corymb  of  4  or  5  flowers,  rhachis  2  •  5-0 
cm.  L,  flowers  large,  jointed  to  pedicels  (5-15  mm.  1.) ;  calyx: 
tube  obconical ;  petals  white  ;  stamens  yellowish-white ;  fruit 
subglobose,  about  3  cm.  in  diam. — Bot.  Mag.  t.  1696  ;  Descourt. 
Fl.  Ant.  r.  49,  t.  315;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jdhrb.  xix.  666.  Jambosa 
vulgaris  DC.  P/Wr.  ni.  286  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3356  ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii. 
105  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  235.  Type  in  Herb.  Hermann  ii.  20 
in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Rose  Apple. 

Naturalized ;  Wright  \  March  \  Prior  \  and  others ;  native  and  cultivated 
in  S.E.  Asia  to  Australia  ;  cult,  throughout  tropics. 

Shrub  to  12  or  14  ft.  or  small  tree.  Fruit  with  flavour  of  rose-water, 
sometimes  made  into  a  preserve.] 

Syzygium  Jambolanum  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  259  (1828) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  105 ; 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  II7.  Ind.  235;  Urb.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xix.  '669.  Eugenia 
Jambolana  l/aw.  Encycl.  Hi.  198  (1789) ;  Duthie  in  Hook.f.  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  ii. 
499  &  in  Watt  Diet.  Econ.  Prod.  Ind.  The  Jambolan  or  Damson 
tree,  has  elliptical,  leathery  leaves,  7-10  cm.  1. ;  the  flowers  clustered  on 
lateral  3-forked  cymes ;  calyx  prolonged  above  the  ovary,  entire  or  with 
only  a  slight  indication  of  lobes ;  petals  cohering  and  falling  away  like  a 
lid;  berry  in  cultivated  plants  often  as  large  as  a  pigeon's  egg,  purple- 
black,  edible,  somewhat  astringent. 

In  fl.  Jan. -April,  in  fr.  May;  Lanel  Westmoreland,  Purdiel  Distinl 
between  Kingston  and  Salt  Ponds,  Fawcett !  Mona,  700  ft.,  Harris !  FL 
Jam.  8146,  8931.  Native  of  East  Indies  and  Australia.  Naturalized  in 
West  Indies,  usually  cultivated. 

Wood,  is  reddish-grey,  close-grained,  and  durable.  Bark  affords  brown 
dyes,  and  a  kind  of  gum  kino  ;  it  is  astringent,  used  in  dysentery,  and  also- 
in  tanning.  Fruit  is  said  to  be  improved  in  taste  by  being  pricked, 
rubbed  with  salt,  and  allowed  to  stand  an  hour. 


MELASTOMACE^E  353 


FAMILY  XC.     MELASTOMACE^. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  erect,  a  few  (e.g.  Adelobotrys} 
climbing,  branches  opposite.  Leaves  opposite,  very  rarely 
whorled,  with  3-9  nerves,  the  lateral  curving  from  base  to  apex, 
or  3-plinerved,  &c.,  when  springing  from  above  the  base  (one- 
nerved  in  Mouriria),  with  parallel  transverse  nerves  or  veins 
more  or  less  at  right  angles  to  them  (very  numerous  and  close 
together  in  Blakea),  entire,  serrulate,  or  crenulate,  sometimes 
unequal-sided,  the  pairs  often  unequal ;  stipules  wanting. 
Inflorescences  spicate,  paniculate,  or  corymbose ;  in  a  few  the 
flowers  are  solitary  or  clustered.  Flowers  regular,  hermaphrodite. 
Calyx-tube  (receptacle)  free  or  adherent  to  the  ovary  by  longi- 
tudinal partitions,  or  partly  or  wholly  adherent ;  limb  truncate, 
lobed,  or  lid-like,  lobes  usually  overlapping.  Petals  as  many  as 
the  calyx -lobes,  inserted  in  the  mouth  of  the  tube,  overlapping. 
Stamens  usually  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  and  inserted  with 
them,  sometimes  as  many,  alternate  stamens  are  occasionally 
smaller  or  rudimentary,  inflexed  in  the  bud.  Anthers  2-celled, 
usually  with  a  pore  (rarely* 2  or  4)  at  the  apex ;  connective  often 
with  appendages  of  various  shapes.  Ovary  with  2  or  more  cells. 
Ovules  usually  indefinite,  aiiatropous,  attached  at  the  inner  angle 
of  the  cell.  Fruit  enclosed  by  the  calyx-tube,  capsular  or  berry- 
like,  bursting  irregularly  or  opening  loculicidally  by  valves. 
Seeds  without  endosperm,  minute,  but  large  in  Mouriria. 
Embryo  very  small,  rounded,  but  large  in  Mouriria. 

Species  nearly  3000,  natives  of  the  tropics,  very  many  in 
S.  America,  many  in  the  West  Indies,  fewer  in  Asia,  rare  in 
Africa  and  Polynesia. 

Leaves  with  3  or  more  nerves. 

Ovary   usually   free  from   calyx.      Fruit    a    capsule. 
Seeds  several  to  many,  minute. 

Flowers  small,  usually  solitary,  terminal  and  axil- 
lary. Herbs,  sometimes  shrubby.  Leaves  small     1.  Acisantliera. 
Flowers  small,  numerous  in   a  terminal   panicle. 

Herbs,  sometimes  shrubby.     Leaves  small 2.  Nepscra. 

Flowers  large,  terminal,  few.     Herbs  straggling  to 

12ft 3.  Arthrostema. 

Flowers   small,  numerous  in  a   terminal   panicle. 

Climbing  shrubs.     Leaves  large 4.  A dclobotrys. 

Flowers   large,   terminal   and   axillary.     Trees   or 

large  shrubs.     Leaves  large 5.  Mcriania. 

Ovary  adherent   more   or   less  to  the  calyx.     Fruit 
berry-like,   soft,  or  somewhat  hard  and  breaking 
up  irregularly.     Seeds  several  to  many,  minute. 
Inflorescences  terminal. 

Calyx-limb  falling  off  like  a  lid  when  bud  opens    6.  Conostcgia. 
V.  2    A 


354  KI.nKA   OF    JAMAICA  Acisantlio'.i 

Calyx-limb  not  lid-like. 

ilyx-limb  without  long  thread-like  processes. 
( 'ulvx-lirnb  not  spreading. 

Petals  forming  a  bell-shaped  corolla  7.   ChariantJmx. 

Petals  spreading  or  reflexed  8.  Miconia. 

Calyx-limb  spreading  in  fruit  9.   Tetrazygia . 

Calyx-limb  \vith  long  thread-like  processes. 

Calyx  with  scarcely  any  hairs 10.  Calycogonium. 

Calyx  hairy    11.  HcterotricJnim. 

Inflorescences  axillary  or  lateral  (rarely  terminal  in 

Osscsa) . 

Bracteoles  below  flowers  small  or  none. 
Petals  obtuse  or  notched. 

Connective  not  prolonged  below  anther-cells, 

or  rarely  shortly. 

Anthers  long,  with  1  minute  pore  at  apex...  12.  Clidemia. 
Anthers   somewhat   thick,   apex   with   long 

curved  beak  and  1  small  pore  13.  Henriettea. 

Connective  prolonged  below  cells,  and  jointed 
with  filament.     Anther-cells  short,  with 

1  or  2  gaping  pores  14.  Mecranium. 

Petals  with  acute  or  tapering  tip. 

Flowers  solitary  or  in  clusters  15.  Henriettella. 

Flowers  in  cymes  or  panicles  16.   Osscea. 

Bracteoles  4-6,  large,  opposite  in  pairs 17.  Blakea. 

Leaves  with  one  nerve.     Ovary  adherent  more  or  less 

to  calyx.     Fruit  a  berry.     Seeds  1-4,  large 18.  Mou,riria. 

1.  ACISANTHERA  P.  Browne. 

Herbs  or  small  shrubs.  Leaves  generally  small,  shortly 
stalked  or  sessile,  entire  or  serrulate.  Flowers  terminal  and 
axillary,  solitary  or  in  short  panicles.  Calyx  :  tube  bell-shaped  ; 
lobes  4-5,  acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube.  Petals  4-5, 
obovate  or  roundish.  Stamens  8-10,  unequal,  the  larger 
alternating  with  the  petals,  the  smaller  often  imperfect ;  anthers 
with  1  pore  at  apex,  connective  prolonged  below  the  cells  and 
forming  at  the  insertion  of  the  filament  a  2-lobed  appendage. 
Ovary  free,  3(2-4)-celled.  Capsule  2-4-valved.  Seeds  some- 
what ellipsoidal  or  shell-shaped,  covered  with  minute  pits.  The 
Jamaican  species  are  annual  herbs,  growing  in  damp  situations. 

Species  about  35,  natives  of  tropical  S.  America  and  the 
West  Indies. 

A.  quadrata  Juss.  ex  Poir.  Encyc.  Suppl.  i.  Ill  (1810); 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  38  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  269  ;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  vii.  130  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  453  &  viii.  490.  A.  erecta  &c. 
Browne  Eist.  Jam.  217,  t.  2l,  /.  1.  A.  recurva  Griseb.  loc.  cit. 
(so  far  as  the  Jamaican  specimens  are  concerned).  Rhexia 


Acisanthera 


MELASTOMACE^E 


355 


Acisanthera  L.  Amoen.  v.  396,  378.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn, 
with  name  in  Solander's  hand.  (Fig.  129.)  Specimens  from 
Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  &  Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  June-Sept.;  in  fr.  July-Dec.;  Browne  \  Wright !  Masson ! 
Swartz  !  Macfadyen;  Guys  Hill ;  St.  Thomas  in  Vale ;  St.  Ann;  McNabl 
Guys  Hill;  St.  Mary,  Purdiel  Wullschlaegel ;  Moneague  and  James 
Hill  Savanna,  Prior !  Troy,  1600-2200  ft. ;  Cornwall,  Lacovia,  300  ft.  ; 


Fig.  129. — Acisanthera  quadrata  Juss. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flowers, 

and  fruits,  X  §. 

B,  Flower  x  4. 


C,  Stamens  of  two  kinds  X  7. 

D,  Fruit  with  part  of  calyx  removed  x  2§. 

E,  Seed  X  30. 


Hollis  Savanna,  Clarendon,  2400  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  8825,  9460,  9758, 
12,094,  12,233,  12,840.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Central 
America,  Peru. 

A  much-branched  annual  herb,  9-16  in.  high ;  stem  and  branches 
acutely  4-angled,  glabroms  or  hairy  especially  at  nodes,  sometimes  glandu- 
lar. Leaves  1*5-1  cm.  L,  ovate-elliptical  to  lanceolate,  membranous, 
serrulate,  3-nerved,  glabrous ;  petiole  2-5  mm.  1.  Pedicels  solitary, 
1-2  mm.  1.  Calyx  :  tube  bell-shaped,  narrower  at  mouth,  2-5-3  mm.  1. ; 
lobes  2-3  mm.  1.  Petals  6  mm.  L,  apex  subretuse,  rosy-  or  purplish-mauve, 
soon  falling.  Larger  anthers  oblong-truncate.  Spur-like  lobes  of  the 
connective  acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  anthers.  The  smaller  stamens 
with  connective  below  very  shortly  2-lobed.  Ovary  3-celled.  Capsule 
3-valved.  Seeds  somewhat  kidney-shaped. 

2.  NEPSERA  Naud. 

Herb   or    small    slender    shrub,    erect,    branching.       Leaves 
ovate,  minutely  serrulate.      Panicles  forking   with  branches  in 

2  A  2 


356 


FI/MIA    OF   JAMAICA 


A'-  p««  ra 


thn  Flowers    small.      Calyx-lobes     1,    as    long    ,-i<    the    tube, 

persistent.  Petals  4,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute.  St-unens  8, 
uiHM|ual  :  anthers  unlike,  connective  prolonged  below  the  cells, 
and  produced  inwards  at  the  insertion  of  the  filament  into  a 
iMohed  appendage.  Ovary  free,  3-celled.  Capsule  3-valved. 
Seeds  short,  shell-like,  covered  with  large  shallow  pits. 

Species  1,  native  of  the  West  Indies,  Colombia,  Guiana, 
Brazil,  in  wei  places. 

N.  aquatiea  X<uid.  in  Ann.  ,SV.  N<(t.  *er.  3,  xiii.  28  (1849)  & 
xii.  t.  14,  /.  1  ;  Griscl.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  268  ;  Cogn.  in  Fl.  Bras, 
xiv.  pi.  .'».  L'31,  t.  53  &  in  DC.  Monoyr.  vii.  146  ;  Url>.  Sijmb.  Ant.  iv. 


Fig.  130. — Nepsera  aquatiea  Xaud. 


A,  End  of  floral  branch  with  leaves,  buds, 

and  flowers,  x  3. 

B,  Flower   with    part    of    perianth    and 

stamens  removed  x  4. 


C,  A  longer  stamen  seen  front  and  side- 

ways X  7. 

D,  Fruit  enclosed  by  calyx  x  4. 

E,  Seed  x  24. 


453  &  viii.  490.  Melastoina  aquatiea  Aubl.  Guian.  i.  430,  t.  169. 
(1775)  ;  Sw.  Prodr.  73.  Rhexia  aquatiea  Sw.  Fl.  Lid.  Occ.  650 
(1798).  Spennera  aquatiea  Mart,  ex  DC.  Prodr.  in.  116  (1828) ; 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  43.  Specimen  from  Aublet  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
(Fig.  130.) 

In  fl.  all  the  year;   Wrightl  hedges  in   Clarendon  Mts.,  Broughtonl 
Swartzl  Purdiel  Portland,  March  I  Moneague,  Priori  Claverty  Cottage, 


Nepsera 


MELASTOMACE^E 


357 


Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  978,  Hart  I  Port  Antonio,  Hitchcock;  Hollis  Savanna, 
Clarendon,  2400  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  12,248  ;  banks  on  roadside  between 
Port  Antonio  and  Moore  Town,  Normanl — West  Indies,  trop.  S.  America. 
Plant,  1-4  ft.  high ;  young  stem  more  or  less  glandular-hairy.  Leaves 
2-5-5(6)  cm.  L,  membranous;  3-nerved  with  a  marginal  and  an  outer 
obscure  nerve,  neither  reaching  apex.  Panicle  pyramidal,  1-3  dm.  1. 
Calyx  :  tube  2-3  mm.  1.,  lobes  as  long.  Petals  white,  6-8  mm.  1.  Pistil  and 
stamens  rosy- violet.  Capsule  globose,  3  mm.  in  diam. 


3.  ARTHROSTEMA  Ruiz  &  Pav. 

Herbs,  sometimes  shrubby  at  base.  Leaves  stalked,  mem- 
branous, serrulate,  5-7-nerved.  Flowers  cymose  at  the  ends  of 
branches  or  scorpioid,  rose  or  purple,  parts  of  the  flower  in  fours. 
Calyx  glabrous ;  tube  oblong  or  narrowly  bell-shaped ;  lobes 


Fig.  131. — ArthroatcDia  fragile  Lindl. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flowers,        C,  Fruit    opening  with  calyx    partly  re- 

and  fruit,  X  |.  moved  X  2. 

B,  Stamens  of  two  kinds  X  4.  D,  Seed  x  16. 

triangular,  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  persistent.  Petals 
obovate,  very  soon  falling.  Stamens  8,  more  or  less  unequal ; 
filaments  glabrous ;  anthers  wavy,  curved,  of  2  kinds,  the 
connective  of  the  larger  produced  below  the  cells,  and  at  the 
insertion  on  the  filament  prolonged  inwards  into  a  slender 
appendage  thicker  at  apex  with  3  small  teeth  ;  the  appendage  of 
the  smaller  anthers  forming  2  spur-like  lobes.  Ovary  free  or 


358  FLORA   01    JAMAICA  Arlhrostewa 

more  or  less  adherent,  4-celled,  glal>r<>u<.     Capsule  covered  with 
the  calyx-tube,  -1-valved.      Seeds  shell-like,  deeply  striate. 

Species    10,    natives   of   Jamaica,    Cuba,    Mexico,    Venezuela 
Colombia,  Peru. 

A.  fragile  Lindl.  in  Jonrn.  Hort.  Soc.  Hi.  74  ((-fig.  p.  75  (1848)  ; 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  35,  t.  2,  /.  21,6;   Cogn.  in  DC. 
x/i:    rii.    140.      Heteronoma  diversifolium   Link    d*   Otto,  Ic. 
PL  Ear.  t.  37  (non  DC.  nee  BentL).     (Fig.  131.) 

In  fl.  and  fr.  during  the  year;  Lapland  near  Catadupa,  1200  ft.; 
between  New  Market  and  Darliston ;  Masons  River,  2500  ft.;  near  Guys 
Hill,  St.  Ann,  1800  ft.;  Hollis  Savanna,  Clarendon,  2400  ft.;  Peckham, 
Clarendon,  2000  ft. ;  Fl.  Jam.  9193,  9930,  11,232,  12,037,  12,271,  12,827  ; 
Bower  Hill,  near  Lucea,  Norman  1 — Cuba,  Central  America. 

Stem  weak,  with  long  straggling  branches  trailing  over  bushes  or  along 
the  ground,  sometimes  to  a  length  of  12  ft. ;  branches  4-keeled,  sparsely 
covered  with  long  hairs  thicker  at  glandular  apex,  and  occasionally  with 
short  prickles.  Leaves  4-8  cm.  1.,  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  base  rounded 
or  subtruncate,  occasionally  subcordate,  5-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair  not 
reaching  apex  and  an  outer  obscure  nerve  at  base,  margin  ciliate-serrulate. 
Flowers  few,  long-stalked.  Calyx  7-9  mm.  1.,  glabrous.  Petals  2-2*5  cm.  1., 
rosy-pink.  Stamens  slightly  unequal.  Capsule  1-1*5  cm.  1. 

4.  ADELOBOTRYS  DC. 

Climbing  shrubs.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  large,  3-5-nerved, 
entire  or  serrulate.  Flowers  in  many-flowered  terminal  panicles. 
Calyx :  tube  bell-shaped,  narrower  at  mouth,  limb  spreading, 
with  uneven  margin  below  which  are  5  minute  teeth.  Petals  5, 
obovate,  cohering  between  themselves  and  with  the  stamens  at 
their  base.  Stamens  10,  equal ;  anthers  beaked,  with  1  pore, 
connective  not  prolonged  below  the  cells,  produced  outwards  at 
the  insertion  of  the  filament  into  an  erect  appendage.  Ovary 
free,  5-celled.  Capsule  as  long  as  the  calyx,  oblong,  5-valved. 
Seed-coat  prolonged  at  both  ends. 

Species  12,  natives  of  tropical  continental  America,  and  one 
of  Jamaica. 

A.  adseendens  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  67,  t.  5, 
/.  56  (1871);  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  419.  A.  scandens  Nacf. 
Jam.  ii.  99  (1850)  (non  DC.}.  Melastoma  scandens  Sw.  Prodr. 
69  (non  AubL).  M.  adseendens  Sw.  FL  Ind.  Occ.  772  (1798). 
Miconia  scandens  Ruiz  &  Pav.  Fl.  Peruv.  iv.  t.  395  (ined.). 
Davya  guyanensis  DC.  Mem.  Melast.  18,  t.  3  (1828).  D.  adseendens 
Griseb  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  265  (1860).  Specimens  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  &  Herb.  Stockholm.  (Fig.  132.) 

In  fl.  Feb. -April,  in  fr.  March,  April ;   Swartz  \   Wullschlaegel ;  mountain 
woods  on  north  side,  Macfadyen !    Wilson  \    Unity  Vale,  near  Moneague, 
Priori    John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  &  Britionl   Fl.  Jam.   10,729.- 
Central  America,  Guiana,  Bolivia,  Peru. 


Adelobotrys 


MELASTOMACE.E 


359 


Stem  emitting  roots,  so  attaching  itself  to  trunks  of  trees  and  climbing 
to  20  or  30  ft.,  sparingly  branched.  Leaves  10-15  cm.  1.  (-30  cm.  1.  in 
lower  leaves),  elliptical  or  ovate-elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base  rounded 
to  obtuse,  5-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  often  hidden  by  the  margin 


Fig.  132.— Adelobotrys  adscendens  Triana. 


A,  Leaf  X  5. 

B,  Flower  with  two  petals  removed 

X  4. 


C,  Fruit  enclosed  in  calyx  cut  length- 

wise X  4. 

D,  Seed  X  24. 


recurved,  ciliate  with  reddish  hairs,  and  with  minute  teeth ;  petioles 
1*5-3  cm.  1.,  reddish-pubescent.  Panicles  2-3  dm.  1. ;  pedicels  4-7  mm.  1. 
Calyx  5  mm.  1.,  increasing  to  6  or  7  mm.  in  fruit,  at  first  hairy,  later 
glabrate,  at  length  10-keeled.  Petals  6-7  mm.  1.,  white  tinged  with  pink. 


5.  MERIANIA  Sw. 

Trees  and  erect  shrubs.  Leaves  usually  long-stalked,  3-5- 
nerved.  Flowers  rather  large,  in  short  panicles  or  cymes,  or 
solitary,  terminal  and  lateral ;  parts  in  fives.  Bracts  '2  at  apex 
of  peduncle.  Bracteoles  2,  sometimes  wanting.  Calyx  persistent ; 
limb  double,  outer  lobes  long  and  narrow  (in  Jamaican  species). 
Stamens  10  ;  anthers  beaked,  opening  by  one  pore,  connective 
not  elongated  below  the  cells,  produced  outwards  at  the  insertion 
of  the  filament  into  a  minute  or  long  appendage.  Ovary  free, 


360 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


Pierian  in 


.">-.V(/elled.  Capsule  subglobose,  as  kmu  a.s  the  leathery  bell- 
^liaprd  tube  of  the  calyx,  3-5-valved.  Seeds  narrowly  oblong- 
pyramidal. 

Species  41,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  America. 

Leaves  8-16  cm.  1.     Bractcoles  wanting  or  very 

soon  falling  1.  M.  Icucantlia. 

Leaves  3-6  cm.  1.,  with  "2  swellings  at  base 
between  the  nerves  on  upper  surface. 
Bracteoles  persistent 2.  M.  purpurea. 

1.  M.  leueantha  Sw.  Fl  Ind.  Occ.  826,  /.  15,  /.  a.  (1798); 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  40  ;  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xocviii.  65,  t.  5,/. 
556  ;  Conn,  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  423.  M.  rosea  Tussac  FL  Ant. 


Fig.  1'!:;.— ,1/emuif'fl  leueantha  Sw. 


A,  Part    of    branch    with    leaves,    buds, 
flowers,  and  fruit,  X  5. 


view    of    ovules,    the     other     with 
placenta  cut  lengthwise,  x  2|. 

B,  Flower-bud  cut  lengthwise,  petals  re-        C,  Stamen  after  opening  of  flower  X  2-j-. 
moved,  with  anthers  still  bent  down,        D,  Fruit  with  two  valves  removed,  and 


one  cell  of    ovary  showing    surface 


persistent  placentas,  X  2§. 
E,  Ovules  X  30. 


/.  78,  t.  6  (1808)  ;  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  iv.  326,  t  303  ;  Griseb.  FL 
Br.  W.  Ind.  264  (so  far  as  description  refers  to  M.  lencantJia). 
M.  purpurea  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  42  (1850)  (non  Sw.).  Rhexia 
leueantha  Sw.  Prodr.  61  (1788).  Specimen  from  Swartz  named 


Meriania  MELASTOMACE^E  361 

by    him    in    Herb.    Mus.    Brit,    and    one   in    Herb.   Stockholm. 
(Fig.  133.) 

In  fl.  throughout  the  year  ;  Wright !  Swartz  I  Wiles  !  St.  Ann,  McNab  ! 
Portland,  Purdie !  Wilson !  March !  Prior !  J.P.  108S,  Morris !  Morse's 
Gap,  C.  Nichollsl  Clydesdale,  3500-4000  ft.,  Harris !  near  Cinchona, 
Fawcett !  The  small  form  (var.  nana  Naud.)  occurs  on  Bull  Head,  Fawcett ! 
Fl.  Jam.  3500,  6350,  7002,  8472.— Cuba  (the  small  form). 

Shrub,  10-12  ft.  high  ;  young  branches  obtuse-angled  or  more  or  less 
4-sided.  Leaves  8-16  cm.  1.,  oblong-elliptical  or  elliptical,  apex  obtuse  or 
rarely  acute,  somewhat  rigid,  3-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair  on  lower 
surface,  minutely  serrulate  or  entire,  veins  beneath  very  numerous, 
transverse,  more  or  less  parallel ;  petioles  1-3  cm.  1.  Peduncles  solitary  in 
the  upper  axils.  Bracts  2  at  the  apex  of  the  peduncle,  oblong  or  broadly 
spathulate,  usually  3-nerved,  toothed  or  subentire,  1-5-3  cm.  1.  Bracteoles 
wanting  or  occasionally  present,  falling  very  soon,  12  mm.  1.,  narrowly 
spathulate,  1-nerved.  Calyx:  tube  7-10  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  shallowly  rounded, 
the  dorsal  processes  awl-shaped,  5-8  mm.  1.  Petals  2 '5-3  cm.  1.,  white 
tinged  with  red  at  base,  or  rosy. 

2.  M.  purpurea  Sw.  FL  Lid.  Occ.  829,  t.  15,  /.  b-i.  (1798): 
Tussac  FL  Ant.  i.  82,  t.  7  ;  Triana  loc.  cit.  t.  5,  /.  55a ;  Cogn. 
loc.  cit.  M.  rosea  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  41  (1850)  (noii  Tussac]. 
M.  bullifera  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  265  (1860).  Rhexia 
purpurea  Sn\  Prodr.  61  (1788).  Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  throughout  the  year;  Wright  I  Catherine  Peak,  Broughtonl 
Sliakespear  \  Massonl  Swartz  \  Bancroft !  Macfadyenl  McNab  I  Portland 
Gap,  Purdie  \  Port  Royal  Mts.,  March  !  Maroon  wood,  St.  George,  Moore  ! 
near  Woodcutters'  Gap,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  6287. — Colombia. 

Shrub  or  tree  to  20  ft.  high  ;  young  branches  terete.  Leaves  2'5- 
5'5(-8)  cm.  1.,  narrowly  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  3-nerved,  with  an 
outer  obscure  nerve,  and  with  2  swellings  on  the  upper  surface  between 
the  nerves  at  the  base,  minutely  serrulate  or  entire,  veins  beneath  very 
numerous,  transverse,  more  or  less  parallel;  petioles  '5-1 '5  cm.  1. 
Peduncles  2  or  3,  solitary  in  the  upper  axils.  Bracts  2,  at  the  apex  of  the 
peduncle,  oblong  or  spathulate,  1-3-cerved,  l'5-2  cm.  1.  Bracteoles  2, 
more  or  less  persistent,  linear-spathulate,  1-nerved.  Calyx :  tube 
4-6  mm.  1. ;  lobes  broadly  triangular,  the  dorsal  processes  slender. 
6-7  mm.  1.  Petals  2-3  cm.  1.,  crimson-purple. 

T 

6.  CONOSTEGIA  Don. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  large,  stalked,  3-5-nerved. 
Flowers  in  terminal  panicles,  branches  opposite,  cymose.  Calyx 
glabrous,  tube  bell-shaped  or  hemispherical,  limb  closed,  dropping 
off"  from  its  base  like  a  lid  when  the  flower  opens.  Petals  5-10, 
obovate,  obcordate,  or  oblong-obovate.  Stamens  10-25,  equal  ; 
anthers  with  one  pore,  connective  not  elongated,  without  appen- 
dage. Ovary  adherent  or  the  apex  free,  5-15-celled.  Berry 
with  numerous  seeds.  Seeds  obovoid,  smooth. 

Species  44,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  Central  and  tropical 
S.  America. 


1  !.(>!;  A    OF    .lAMAh'A  ConOifl,;jin 

i';kt  imply  branched. 

1  'lower-buds  large,  12-17  mm.  1. 
I'.inis   i:!-  I.-")  linn.    1.,  spindle-shaped,  usually   with 

acute  b;iso.     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate  ...............  1.  C.  ]>r<n-<-r<i. 

lUnU  l-J-17  mm.  1.,  somewhat  ovoid  with  obtuse  or 

rounded  base.     Lmvi  •>  dlipt  ical  .....................  2.   C.  Balbixiut<u. 

Flower-buds  medium,  8-10  mm.  1. 
Buds    10    mm.    1.,    lid    convex,    rounded.      Plant 

glabrous  .....................................................  3.  C.  GrisebacJtii. 

Buds  8-9  mm.  1.,  lid  convex,  rounded,  often  with 

mucro.     Plant  hirsute  .................................  4.   C.  sulkirsnta. 

Buds  8-10  mm.  1.,  lid  conical,  obtuse.     Plant  with 

bran-like  hairs  .............................................  5.   C.  rufescan*. 

Panicles  much  branched. 

Flower-buds  small,  5-8  mm.  1. 

Leaves    oblong    or    oblong-lanceolate,    base    acute. 

Plant  with  minute  stellate  hairs  .....................  6.   C.  nwntana. 

Leaves  ovate,  base  rounded.    Plant  subglabrous  ......  7.  C. 


1.  C.  proeera  D.  Don  in  Mem.    Wern.  Soc.   iv.  317  (1823)  : 
DC,    Prodr.   Hi.    174    (1828);    glabrous,    but   young   branchlets 
sometimes     brown-tomentose  ;     leaves     3-nerved     or     sometimes 
3-plinervecl,    usually    with    an    outer    obscure    nerve,    entire    or 
obscurely  and  minutely  toothed  ;  inflorescences  :  branches  slender, 
ascending;   buds   12-15  mm.  1.,  spindle-shaped,  lid  conical,  acu- 
minate ;     petals     6(-5),    rosy    or    white    tinged    with    crimson, 
10-12  mm.  1.  and  \>r.—Macf.  Jam.  ii.   69;    Griseb.  FL  Br.  IK. 
Ind.  253  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  699,  excl.  syn.  C.  Balbisiana 
Ser.      C.  gloriosa    J\Iacf.   Jam.   ii.    68?     Melastoma   proeera    Sw. 
Prodr.  68  (1788)  &   FL  Ind.  Occ.  764;    Bonpland  Melast.  118, 
/.  51.      Specimens  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  and  also  in 
Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  June-  Aug.  ;  high  mountains,  Swartz  !  Dancer,  Cumin  g  ;  between 
Farm  Hill  and  Radnor,  Macfadi/en  I  Cuna-Cuna  Pass,  Purdie  \  St.  Thomas 
in  East,  1000  ft,,  Wilson  \  March  \  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1402, 
Hart\ 

Shrub  8  ft.  or  tree  20-50  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-12  cm.  1.,  4-5'5(-6)  cm.  br., 
narrowly  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  obtusely  acuminate,  base  subacute, 
papery,  entire  or  sparingly  wavy-toothed,  often  bearded  between  the  axils 
of  nerves  at  base,  the  larger  cross-veins  sloping  slightly  upwards,  small 
veins  numerous,  forming  a  network  ;  petioles  1-5-3  cm.  1.  Panicles  about 
1  dm.  1.,  with  several  flowers  ;  lateral  pedicels  jointed  at  the  middle. 
Calyx-tube  5  mm.  br.  at  truncate  apex.  Petals  broadly  obovate-cordate. 
Anthers  about  18  (10-20),  3  mm.  1.  Style  about  6  mm.  1.  Ovary  usually 
6-5-celled. 

2.  C.  Balbisiana  Ser.  ex  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  174  (1828)  ;  glabrous  : 
young  branchlets  usually  with  enlarged  nodes;  leaves  3-plinervecl 
or    3-nerved    with    a    marginal    pair  ;    inflorescences  :     branches 
stout,  spreading;  buds  14-17  mm.  1.,  ovoid,  lid  broadly  conical, 
acute  or  apiculate  but  not  acuminate  ;  petals  of  a  rose  or  rosy- 
lilac  colour,   17-22  mm.   1.  and  br.     C.  proeera  var.  Balbisiana 
Griseb.  loc.  cit. 


Conostegia 


MELASTOMACE-ffl 


In  fl.  during  the  year  ;  Bertero  (fide  DC.) ;  St.  Ann,  McNab  !  Guys 
Hill  and  Union  Hill,  near  Moneague,  Prior !  between  Claremont  and 
Moneague,  Fawcett  \  Holly  Mount,  near  Ewarton,  2500-3000  ft.  ;  Soho, 
St.  Ann,  1400  ft.  ;  Harris  \  eastern  slopes  of  south  end  of  John  Crow 
(Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  &  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam.  6452,  8403,  8984,  8993,  10,730, 
12,024. 

Tree,  12-35  ft.  high.  Leaves  8-16  cm.  1.,  6-8-5  cm.  br.,  generally  broadly 
elliptical,  very  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate,  base  rounded,  parchment- 


G 


Fig.  134. — Conostegia  Balbisiana  Ser. 


A,  Leaf  x  ;i 

B,  Flower-bud  with  the  calyx-limb  re- 

moved, nat.  size. 

C,  Calyx  limb  removed  from  B,  nat.  size. 

D,  Flower,  nat.  size.       f 

E,  Petal,  nat.  size. 


F,  Stamen  X  3-J- 

G,  Berry    enclosed    in    the    persistent 

calyx  X  2. 

H,  Cross-section  of  ditto  x  2. 
I,   Seed  x  30. 


like,  entire  or  sparingly  wavy-toothed,  often  bearded  between  the  axils  of 
nerves  at  base,  larger  cross-veins  almost  horizontal,  small  veins  not 
numerous,  forming  a  network  of  somewhat  large  square  spaces  ;  petioles 
l'5-3'5  cm.  1.  Panicles  1-1  '5  dm.  1.,  with  several  flowers  ;  lateral  pedicels 
jointed  at  the  middle.  Calyx-tube  6  mm.  br.  at  truncate  apex. 

3.  C.  Grisebachii  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vli  700  (1891)  : 
glabrous;  leaves  3-nerved  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve;  buds 
10  mm.  1.,  6  mm.  br.,  ellipsoidal,  lid  convex,  apex  obtuse,  sub- 
rounded;  petals  5,  10-12  mm.  1. 

M arch  598  !  (in  Herb.  Griseb.  &  in  Herb.  Kcw.). 

Branchlets  4-cornered.      Leaves  7-11  cm.  1.,  4-6*5  cm.  br.,  elliptical. 


O 


6-4  FLOKA  OF  .JAM An  A  Conostegia 


apex  abruptly.  \vr\  shortly,  and  obtusely  ucr.minatr,  base  rounded,  ri'jid, 
nerves  briu-ath  promim-nt.     J'cinicli's  Bubcorymbiform,  few-flowered,  about 

1   dm.   1.  :    i'.'dii-i'ls  .r>  -It)  nnii.   1.,  lateral  jt/mu-d  at  the  middle.     Ant!i> 
:nm.  1.     Style  stout,  G-7  mm.  1.,  narrowing  to  ap< 

4.  C.  subhirsuta  7>'f.  Protlr.  Hi.  174  (1828);  young  hranrhli •• 
petioles,  nerves  on  under  surface  of  leaves,  and   panicle-branches 
hirsute  :  leaves  3-plinerved   besides  a  marginal  pair  and  an  outer 
obscure   nerve  ;   buds   8-9   mm.   1.,   lid  convex,   rounded,   usually 
with    a   short   blunt   muen>  ;    petals    8-10,    white,    7-8  mm.    1.- 
.!/"</<•/'.  Jam.  ii.  G7  :  Xan<i.  in  Ann.  Sri.  Nat.  ser.  3,  avi.  106  &,  xviii. 

'•./.  5  ;  Grixcl.  torn.  n't.  L'53  ;  Cogn.  in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  211, 
/.  46  it  in  DC.  Monoyr.  rii.  706  ;  Url.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  700. 

In  fl.  March-Oct. ;  Wiles;  Portland,  Macfadyen  ;  Waters  \  Guys  Hill, 
St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  McXabl  March  \  eastern  slope  of  south  end  John 
Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  &  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,72].— Cuba,  Hispaniola, 
( iuadel  upe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada, 
Trinidad,  Mexico,  Guatemala,  Colombia,  Brazil,  Paraguay. 

Shrub  or  tree,  10-18  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets  somewhat  stout, 
•i-cornered.  Leaves  12-20 cm.  L,  5-y  cm.  br.,  elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical, 
apex  narrowly  acuminate,  base  narrowed  or  somewhat  rounded,  entire  or 
with  small  wavy  teeth,  glabrous  except  nerves  beneath,  nerves  beneath 
prominent ;  leaves  of  a  pair  sometimes  unequal ;  petioles  2-4  cm.  1. 
Panicles  -5-1  dm.  L,  branches  corymbiform,  3-10-flowered.  Buds  6-7 
mm.  br.,  obovoid  or  subglobose,  at  length  glabrous.  Petals  obcordiform. 
Anthers  16-^5,  oblong,  2  mm.  1.  Ovary  12-15(-20)-celled.  Style  thick, 
3-4  mm.  1. ;  stigma  peltate. 

5.  C.  rufeseens  No  ml.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvi.  108  (1851) ; 
younn'  branchlets,   petioles,  under  surface  of  leaves,  and  inflores- 
cences with  buds  with  rusty  mealy    hairs ;    leaves    3-nerved    or 
3-plinerved    with   a   marginal   pair   and   occasionally   an  obscure 
outer  nerve  ;  buds  8-10  mm.  1.,  5  mm.  br.,  lid  conical,  somewhat 
obtuse;  petals  6,  about  10  mm.  L,  white. —  Griseb.  torn.  cit.  253; 
Cogn.  turn.  cit.  704.      C.  formosa  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  70  (1850). 

Infl.  March-Sept. ;  Wright !  nits.,  Swart z  \  woods,  St  Mary,  Hacfadyen\ 
Guys  Hill,  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  McNab  !  Cumin g  !  Portland,  Purdie  ! 
March  ! — Colombia. 

Shrub,  10-12  ft.  high;  younger  branchlets  4-cornered.  Leaves  8-12 
cm.  L,  4-6  cm.  br.,  ovate-elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or  somewhat  obovate- 
elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base  subacute  or  obtuse,  entire  or  with  wavy 
small  teeth,  nerves  beneath  prominent,  leaves  of  a  pair  unequal;  petioles 
1-4  cm.  1.  Panicle  :  branches  with  3-7  flowers  ;  pedicels  shorter  than  the 
flowers,  not  jointed.  Petals  obliquely  obovate,  truncate  above.  Anthers 
15-18,  narrow,  3  mm.  1.  .  Ovary  6-8-celled.  Style  somewhat  thick, 
6  mm.  1. ;  stigma  subpeltate. 

6.  C.  montana  D.  Don  in  Mem.  Wcrn.  Soc.  317  (1823);  DC. 
Prodr.   Hi.    175   (1828)  ;    young    branchlets,    petioles,   nerves  of 
leaves  beneath,  and  panicle-branches  with  minute  stellate  hairs, 
later  glabrate  ;  leaves  3-plinerved  besides  a  marginal  pair  and  an 
outer  obscure  nerve;  buds  6-8  mm.  1.,  3-4  mm.  br.,  lid  conical, 


Conostegia  MELASTOMACEvE  of)- 

bluntly  acute  ;  petals  5-6,  white,  5-6  mm.  1. — Macf.  Jam.  ii.  70  ; 
Naud.  tout.  cit.  109;  Griseb.  torn.  fit.  254;  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  701. 
C.  alpina  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  72  (1850).  Melastoma  montana  Sw. 
Prodr.  69  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  766.  Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  one  in  Herb  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  June-Sept. ;  Wright  I  Swartz  \  Wiles  \  Catherine's  Peak ;  woods, 
St.  George;  Macfadyen ;  Marchl  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1438,  Morris  !  also  New- 
castle, Hart  I  J.P.  2110,  Hart !  below  Vinegar  Hill,  St.  George,  3500  ft., 
Harris  I  below  Morse's  Gap,  Portland,  Miss  J.  B.  Perkins  I 

Shrub,  6-16  ft.  bigh  ;  young  branchlets  bluntly  4-cornered.  Leaves  7-10 
cm  1.,  oblong-elliptical  to  oblong-lanceolate,  shortly  abruptly  and  obtusely 
acuminate,  base  subacute  to  rounded,  suberttire,  leaves  of  one  pair  often 
unequal,  nerves  prominent  beneath;  petioles  l'5-3  cm.  1.  Panicles  4-8 
cm.  1.,  secondary  branches  somewhat  coryrnbiform  with  3-5  pedicels, 
much  shorter  than  tbe  flowers.  Buds :  lid  somewhat  swelling  over 
the  semiglobose  calyx-tube.  Petals  obovate,  retuse.  Anthers  14- 
15(10-16),  2  mm.  1.  Ovary  5-6-celled.  Style  3  mm.  1.,  slender;  stigma 
capitellate. 

7.  C.  superba  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvi.  108  (1851) 
(BonplandV  specimen  seen  by  Naudin) ;  sub'glabrous ;  leaves 
large,  3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  nerve  and  an  obscure  outer 
nerve;  buds  6-7  mm.  1.,  4 '5-5  mm.  br.,  lid  conical,  acute  to 
subacute;  petals  5-6,  white,  5-6  mm.  1. — Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
253;  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  701.  C.  glabra?  &  C.  alternifolia  ?  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  71  (1850).  C.  macrophylla  Naud.  torn.  cit.  112  (fide 
Cogn.).  Melastoma  superba  Bonpl.  ined.  ex  Don  in  Mem.  Weni. 
Soc.  317  (1823). 

Cuna-Cuna  road,  near  Cornwall  Barracks  ;  St.  George ;  woods  on  road 
from  Morse's  Gap ;  Macfadyen !  near  Petersfield,  St.  Mary,  McNab ! 
Wilsonl  March;  nortb  side  of  Cuna-Cuna  Pass,  Portland,  Harris  & 
Britton !  Fl.  Jam.  10,562. — Central  America. 

Shrub,  12-16  ft.  high;  younger  branchlets  4-cornered.  Leaves  I' 5- 
3  dm.  1.,  1-1 '5  dm.  br.,  elliptical  to  ovate-elliptical,  shortly  and  abruptly 
acuminate,  base  obtuse  or  rounded,  subentire  or  with  a  few  blunt,  wavy 
teeth,  parcbment-like,  nerves  and  transverse  veins  very  prominent  beneath, 
leaves  of  a  pair  usually  unequal;  petioles  3-5  cm.  1.  Panicles  1-1 '5 
dm.  1.,  many-flowered ;  ultimate  branches  with  several  flowers  umbelli- 
form ;  pedicels  3-4  mm.  1.  Petals  triangular-obovate,  retuse.  Anthers 
15-16(-10),  3  mm.  1.  Ovary  5-celled.  Style  slender,  4  mm.  1.  Stigma 
subcapitellate. 

7.  CHARIANTHUS  Don. 

Shrubs,  generally  glabrous.  Leaves  leathery,  entire,  3-5- 
nerved.  Flowers  in  terminal  paniculate  or  corymbose  cymes  : 
parts  in  fours.  Calyx-limb  persistent,  obscurely  lobed.  Petals 
free  but  forming  a  bell-shaped  corolla,  broadening  upwards. 
Stamens  8,  equal,  much  longer  than  the  petals ;  anthers  opening 
by  a  longitudinal  chink  or  by  a  pore,  connective  not  elongated 
and  without  any  appendage.  Ovary  not  free,  2-4-celled,  with 
glabrous'  apex ;  style  very  long  with  blunt  stigma.  Berry 
crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx.  Seeds  pyramidal. 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Charianthut 


Species  8,  natives  of  the  moimtains  in  the  West  Indies  and 
also  found  in  British  (luiana. 

Leaves  elliptical  to  ovate,  apex  blunt.  Anthers  with  one 

pore  at  apex.  Ovary  2-celled  1.  C.  Fadyenii. 

Leaves  narrowly  ovate,  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate. 

Anthers  with  longitudinal  chinks.  Ovary  4-celled...  2.  C.  tinifolius. 

1.  C.  Fadyenii  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  264  (1860);  Cogn.  in 
DC.  Monogr.  vii.  717.  Tetrazygia  Fadyeni  Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  i. 
.".79,  t.  12  (1849);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  57.  (Fig.  135.) 


Fig.  135. — Charianthus  Fadyenii  Griseb. 

A,  Portion    of    branch  with    leaves    and  B,  Flower    cut    lengthwise    with    petals, 
inflorescence  X  §  ;    a,  small  portion  stamens,  and  style  cut  off,  X  7. 

of  lower  surface  of  leaf,  enlarged.  C,  Berry  x  2. 

E,  Seed  x  11.  D,  Ditto  cut  across  X  2. 

In  fl.  Feb. -Sept. ;  road  from  Lluidas  to  St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale, 
Macfadyen  \  Mount  Diablo,  McNab  \  Pedro  district,  St.  Ann,  Purdie ! 
Marchl  Albion  Pen  and  Friendship,  St.  Ann,  Prior  1  Holly  Mount  near 
Ewarton,  2600  ft. ;  Dolphin  Head,  1500  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft. ; 
rocky  woodland,  Mulgrave,  St.  Elizabeth,  1300  ft. ;  Harris  !  FL  Jam.  6512, 
6513,  8883,  8994,  9254,  10,997,  11,181,  11,190,  12,373. 

Shrub  or  tree,  6-30  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  3-8  cm.  1.,  elliptical  to 
ovate,  apex  blunt,  base  rounded  to  acute,  3-plinerved  besides  an  outer 
obscure  nerve,  with  very  minute  black  dots  beneath  ;  petioles  8-12  mm.  1. 


Charianthus  MELASTOMACE^E  367 

Panicles  5-10  cm.  1.  ;  pedicels  8-12  mm.  1.,  jointed  below  the  apex.  Calyx 
5  mm.  1.,  obscurely  lobed.  Petals  4,  crimson  or  purple,  narrowly  oblong, 
broadening  upwards,  with  rounded  apex,  8-10  mm.  1.,  2  '5-3  mm.  br. 
Stamens  8,  11-12  mm.  1.  ;  anthers  4-5-5  mm.  1.,  with  one  pore  at  apex. 
Ovary  2-celled.  Style  2  cm.  1.  Berry  subglobose,  5  mm.  thick,  2-celled. 

"  This  is  the  most  beautiful  plant  I  have  seen  in  Jamaica."     (Purdie  in 
note  on  sheet  in  Hb.  Kew.) 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  flowering  shrubs  that  I  have  ever  met 
with  in  my  travels,  but  very  difficult  to  cultivate."  (Prior  in  note  on 
sheet  in  Hb.  Kew.) 

2.  C.  tinifolius  D.  Don  in  Mem.  Wern.  Soc.  iv.  329  (1823); 
Cogn.  torn.  cit.  715. 

McNab.  —  St.  Vincent  (?)  (Anderson  in  Herb.  Deless.). 

Leaves  5-1  cm.  1.,  2  -5-3  '5  cm.  br.,  narrowly  ovate,  shortly  and  obtusely 
acuminate,  base  subacute,  3-5-nerved.  Cymes  3-4  cm.  1.,  few-flowered  ; 
pedicels  4-6  mm.  1.,  purple.  Calyx  5  mm.  1.,  lobes  broadly  rounded, 
apex  minutely  apiculate.  Petals  crimson-purple,  12  mm.  1.  Anther-cells 
opening  by  longitudinal  chinks.  Ovary  4-celled.  Style  16-18  mm.  1. 

We  have  not  seen  a  specimen. 

8.  MICONIA  Ruiz  &  Pav. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  usually  opposite.  Flowers  generally 
in  terminal  panicles  or  corymbs  ;  hermaphrodite  (dioecious  in 
M.  rubens)  ;  flower-parts  usually  in  fives  (sixes  in  M.  inacropJiylla 
and  M.  dodecandra,  fours  in  M.  tetrandra).  Calyx-limb  truncate 
or  lobed,  sometimes  bursting  irregularly,  usually  persistent,  lobes 
short.  Petals  obovate  or  oblong  with  obtuse  or  notched  tip 
(ovate  in  M.  racemosa],  spreading  or  reflexed.  Stamens  twice  as 
many  as  the  petals,  but  only  4  in  M.  tetrandra  ;  anthers  usually 
with  one  minute  pore  at  apex,  but  with  a  chink  in  M.  chrysophi/lla, 
broadly  2-4-pored  in  §  5,  or  with  one  very  large  pore  in  §  6  ; 
connective  not  or  scarcely  prolonged  at  base,  2-auriculate  or 
2-tuberculate.  Ovary  generally  adherent,  2-5  celled  ;  ovules 
numerous.  Berry  1-5-celled,  with  one  or  more  seeds  in  each 

600,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical 


lefvejL  sometimes  with  3  or  5  nerves 
united    above   the    base    (3-plinerved    or    5- 
plinerved)  with  the  addition   of  one  or  two 
pairs  of  nerves  from  the  base.* 
Leaves  with  hairy  or  powdery  covering  beneath. 
Calyx  5-7  mm.  1.     Petals  6-8  mm.  1. 

Leaf-base  emarginate  or  subcordate   .........     1.  M.  macrophylla. 

Leaf-base  rounded  to  acute  ...................     2.  M.  dodecandra. 


*  The  marginal  pair  of  nerves  is  evenly  curved,  sometimes  indistinct, 
and  occasionally  does  not  reach  the  apex.  The  outer  nerve  or  vein 
bounding  the  network  of  veins,  usually  a  succession  of  arches,  is  obscure 
and  sometimes  coincides  with  the  margin. 

The  marginal  pair  which  does  not  reach  more  than  half-way  towards  the 
leaf-apex,  and  the  outer  obscure  nerve  or  vein  are  not  counted  in  the  Key. 


308 


FLORA    UK    .lAMAIi'A 


C'alyx  1  -5  -3  iniii.  1.     ivtiils  1-3  mm.  1. 

;lc  or  sul>-i^-ile.     Leaf-l>  !«• 
aurirulatr.      Panicle-branches 


1 1.   M .  it 

Leaves  stalk*  •>!. 

Leaf-base  emarginate-cordate.  Panicle 
with  flowers  on  one  side  only  of 
branches  7.  .17.  albicans. 

Leaf-base  narrowed.  Panicle  with  flowers 

crowded  on  branches 14.  M.  data. 

Leaves  hairy  or  powdery  only  on   nerves  and 
veins  beneath,  or  glabrous. 

Inflorescence  hairy  or  powdery. 

Calyx  6-7  mm.  1.     Petals  5  mrn.  1 3.  M.  fiirfuracca. 

Calyx  1-5-3  mm.  1.     Petals  1-4  mm.  1. 
Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Stem-branchlets  powdery  or  stellate- 
hairy. 

Leaves  5 -nerved.     Style  6-7  mm.  1., 

apex  thicker,  truncate    9.  M.  l<?vigata. 

Leaves  3-plinerved  with  a  marginal 
pair.      Style  4  mm.  1. ;    stigma 

peltate    10.  M.  zplcndcns. 

Stem-branchlets  slightly  puberulous  or 
glabrate.  Leaves  3-plinerved  with 
a  marginal  pair.  Style  5-6  mm.  1. ; 
stigma  subpeltate  11.  M.  prasina. 

Inflorescence  glabrous  or  glabrate. 
Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Flowers  more  or  less  on  one  side  or 
clustered  on  reduced  branches. 
Calyx  2  mm.  1.  Petals  2-2 '5  mm.  1.  13.  M.  ciliata. 
Flowers  on  all  sides  of  spreading 
branches.  Calyx  2 '5-3 '5  mm.  1. 
Petals  2-3  rnm.  1 11.  M.  prasina. 

Flowers  shortly  stalked.  (Marginal  pair 
of  nerves  rather  indistinct.)  Calyx 
1*5  mm.  1.  Petals  1-1-5  mm.  1 17.  M.  theazans. 

Leaves  3-nerved  or  3-plinerved. 
Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Flower-clusters  on  main  axis  of  inflorescence      4.  31.  triplinervis. 

Flower-clusters  on  short  reduced  branches  of 

inflorescence 5.  M.  multispicata. 

Panicle-branches  once  2-forked   8.  M.  trinervia. 

Panicle-branches  not  2-forked. 

Leaves    coppery-coloured,    scaly-pitted   be- 
neath    12.  M.  chnjsophylla. 

Leaves  not  scaly-pitted  beneath. 
Calyx  1  •  5-2  mm.  1. 

Flower-parts  in  4's  or  5's.  Style  1  •  5-2 
mm.  1. ;  stigma  peltate,  wider  than 
style.  Berry2mm.br 15.  M.  rub  ens. 


Miconia  MELASTOMACE^E  369' 

Flower-parts  in  4's.      Style  4  mm.  1. ; 

stigma  acute.     Berry  4  mm.  br.  ...  16.  M.  tetrandra. 
Flower-parts  in  5's.     Style  5-6  mm.  1. 

Berry4mm.br 11.  M.  prasina 

Calyx  2-3  mm.  1.     Flower-parts  in  5's.  var.  attenuata. 

Style  4  mm.  1. ;  apex  truncate.    Berry 

4-5mm.br 18.  M.  quadrangularis. 

Flowers  with  pedicels  8-12  mm.  1.  Calyx  5  mm.  1.  19.  M.  rigida. 

§  1.  Flower-parts  usually  in  sixes.  Calyx  5-7  mm.  1.,  at 
length  narrower  below  the  shortly  lobed  limb.  Petals 
obovate-oblong,  6-8  mm.  1.  Stamens  about  double  the 
number  of  petals :  anthers  long,  awl-shaped,  curved, 
with  one  minute  pore  at  apex ;  connective  not  or 
scarcely  prolonged  below  the  cells,  at  base  without 
appendage  or  in  front  sometimes  2-auriculate,  at  back 
usually  gibbous.  (Species  1—3.) 

1.  M.  maerophylla  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  103 
(1871) ;  Cogn.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  239,  t.  49  &  in  DC.  Monogr. 
vii.  734 ;    Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  455  &  mil.  493.     Chitonia  macro- 
phylla  D.  Don  in  Mem.    Wern.  Soc.  iv.  319  (1823)  (Melastoma 
maerophylla  Pavon  ms.J.     Diplochita  serrulata  DC.   Prodr.  i'/'i. 
177  (1828) ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  252  (in  part). 

Masson !  Wiles !  Moiieague,  Prior !  March !  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue 
Mts.,  J.P.  982,  Hart\  Brandon  Hill  road,  800  ft.,  Thompson  I  near 
Castleton,  600  ft. ;  Darliston,  1400  ft. ;  Hollis'  savanna,  Clarendon,  2400  ft. ; 
Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7639,  8043,  9827,  12,276.— Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico, 
St.  Thomas,  S.  Cruz,  Trinidad,  Mexico,  tropical  S.  America. 

Shrub  or  tree,  8-40  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets,  petioles  and  panicle- 
branches  densely  tomentose.  Leaves  1*5-3  dm.  1.,  base  emarginate  or 
subcordate,  sub-7-plinerved  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  puberulous  on 
upper  surface  at  length  glabrate,  beneath  densely  and  very  shortly  stellate- 
velvety,  margin  distinctly  crenulate-serrate ;  petioles  3-7  cm.  1.  Bracteoks 
6-7  mm.  1.,  very  soon  falling,  white  tomentose.  Flowers  sessile.  Calyx- 
stellate-tomentose.  Petals  whitish,  pale  yellow,  or  pink.  Filaments 
hirtellous.  Style  hairy  below,  11-13  mm.  1.  Berry  subglobose,  6  mm. 
in  diam.  t 

2.  M.  dodeeandra  Cogn.  in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  243  (1887) 
&  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  740;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  493.     Melastoma 
dodecandra  Desr.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  iv.  46  (1797-98).     M.  Tamonea 
Sw.  Prodr.  70  (1788)  <fc  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  783  (excl.  syn.).     M.  Swartz- 
iana    Etch,    in   Bonpl.    Melast.    74,   t.    33    (1811).       Diplochita 
Swartziaua    DC.    Prodr.    Hi.    177    (1828);    Macf.    Jam,    ii.   73. 
D.  Fothergilla  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  74  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ltd.  251 
(as  regards  specimen  from  Prior)  (non  DC.).     D.  rosea  Macf.  loc. 
cit.     Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm  named  by  him. 

Wright !  Liguanea,  Broughton !   Swartz  !    Port  Royal  and  St.  Andrew 
Mts. ;  banks  of  Rio  Grande  ;  Macfadyen  !  Morse's  Gap,  Blue  Mts.,  Purdic  ! 
V.  2    B 


370  FLORA   OK    .JAMAICA  Mironi» 

Clifton  Mount,  St.  Andrew,  4000  ft.,  Wilson  I  Mt.  Diablo;  Moncaguc  ; 
I'riorl  near  Cinchona.  -l.l\  K)7f>,  Morris\  Shingle  Heap,  St.  George, 
•Jlu)  ft.;  near  Vinegar  Hill,  St  George,  4200  ft.;  near  Woodcutters'  Gap, 
4000ft.;  Olive  river,  Christiana  district,  2500  ft.;  Peckbam,  Clarendon; 
JLirrisl  below  Hardware  Cap,  north  side,  Harris  &  Britton\  Fl.  Jam. 

\  r,;;i;o,  G442,  8241,  10,5:33,  11,095;  below  Vinegir  Hill,  Blue  Mts., 
Mis.--  -I.  7i.  Parkins !  —  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Martinique,  trop.  confc.  America. 

SJirub  or  tree,  10-50  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  and  panicle- 
branches  densely  tomentose.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  L,  base  subrounded, 
5-uerved  with  an  indistinct  marginal  pair,  upper  surface  glabrous,  beneath 
densely  and  very  shortly  stellate-velvety,  margin  entire  or  sometimes 
slightly  crenulate ;  petioles  2-6  cm.  1.  Pedicels  4-10  mm.  1.  Bracteoles 
6-7  mm.  L,  white  tomentose,  soon  falling.  Calyx  white  tomento-e. 
Petals  white  veined  with  crimson,  yellowish-white,  orange,  or  scarlet. 
Filaments  glabrous.  Style  10-12  mm.  1. ;  stigma  peltate.  Berry  sub- 
globose,  5  mm.  in  diam. 

3.  M.  furfuraeea  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  257  (1860) ;  Triana 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.   104 ;   Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  736. 
Melastoma   furfuraceum    Vahl    Eclog.    Am.    Hi.   13    &  Ic.  t.  22 
(1807). 

Masson !  Wiles  ! — Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Lucia, 
Venezuela. 

Shrub  or  tree  ? ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  and  panicle-branches 
covered  with  rusty  bran-like  hairs.  Leaves  1-3  dm.  L,  elliptical,  very 
shortly  acuminate,  base  obtuse  to  rounded,  margin  entire,  wavy,  or  with 
small  teeth,  glabrous  but  nerves  beneath  with  brown  bran-like  hairs, 
3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  two  of  a  pair  unequal ;  petioles  2-4  cm.  1. 
Panicle  with  short  branches;  flowers  lateral  with  short  (3  mm.l.)  pedicels, 
terminal  sessile.  Calyx  :  tube  slightly  furrowed,  glabrescent  with  minute 
stellate  hairs.  Petals  oblong,  obliquely  retuse,  5  mm.  1. 

§  2.  Flower-parts  usually  in  fives,  small  or  minute.  Calyx 
shortly  bell-shaped  or  sometimes  hemispherical.  Petals 
obovate,  usually  obliquely  retuse  at  apex,  at  length 
spreading  or  reflexed.  Anthers  somewhat  short,  linear, 
slightly  curved,  usually  slightly  nan  owed  upwards,  at 
apex  minutely  l(2)-pored,  connective  not  or  scarcely 
prolonged  below  the  cells,  at  the  base  2-auriculate  or 
2-appendaged.  (Spp.  4—11.) 

A.  Panicles  contracted ;  flowers  sessile,  in  clusters,  either  on 
the  main  axis  or  on  the  much  contracted  primary 
branches.  (Spp.  4,  5.) 

4.  M.  triplinervis  Ruiz  d-  Pav.  Syst.  i.  105  (1798);  Cogn.  in 
DC.  Monogr.  vii.  767.     M.  trinervis  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  257 
(1860)  (excl.  syn.  Sw.).     Cremanium  trinerve  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  94 
(1850). 

St.  Mary,  McNab  !  Mt.  Stewart,  Westmoreland ;  Woodside,  St.  Mary  ; 
Purdie  \  Wilson  1  Prior !  Toms  Cave  Wood,  Clarendon.  2500  ft. ;  Mabess 
valley,  Portland,  4000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,850, 12,877.— Mexico,  Peru. 


Miconia  MELASTOMACEJ-  371 

Shrub,  3-5  ft.  high;  glabrous;  young  branchlets  4-cornered  and  narrowly 
2-G-winged,  these  with  nerves  of  leaves  beneath  and  inflorescence  covered 
more  or  less  with  minute  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  l'5-2'5  dm.  1.,  elliptical- 
lanceolate,  tapering  at  both  ends,  base  running  into  petiole,  3-nerved  with 
an  outer  obscure  nerve;  petiole  '5-1  cm.  1.  Panicle  1-1-5  dm.  1. ;  clusters 
on  main  axis.  Calyx  2-5-3  mm.  1.  Petals  2  mm.  1.,  white.  Berry 
globose,  3-4  mm.  in  diam. 

">.  M.  multispieata  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xvi.  131  (1851); 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  257  •  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vli.  770. 
Cremanium  integrifolium  JIacf.  Jain.  it.  93  (1850). 

Lapland,  St.  James,  Pitrdiel  Pleasant  Valley,  Moneague,  Priori 
Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  Harris  \  Tweedside,  below  Moody's  Gap,  Blue 
Mts.  ;  south-eastern  slopes  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts. ;  Harris  &  Britton  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  6333,  10.540, 10,722 ;  St.  George,  Blue  Mts.,  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins  !— 
Trinidad. 

Bushy  tree,  18-25  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  panicle-branche?, 
and  calyx  densely  stellate-tomentose.  Leaves  1-1*5  dm.  1.,  elliptical  to 
oblanceolate,  shortly  acuminate,  base  rounded  or  obtuse,  subtriplinerved 
with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  stellate-tomentose  on  nerves  beneath,  other- 
wise glabrous;  petiole  1-2  cm.  1.  Panicle  -5-1  dm.  1. ;  clusters  on  very 
short,  reduced  branches.  Calyx  3-3*5  mm.  1.  Petals  broadly  obovate, 
2-3  mm.  1.  Berry  black,  broadly  subglobose,  5-7  mm.  in  diam. 

B.  Panicles  with  long  spreading  branches ;  branches 
interruptedly  spike-like  with  clusters  of  sessile  flowers. 
Leaves  sessile  or  subsessile,  subamplexicaul,  auriculate. 

6.  M.  impetiolaris  D.  Don  in  3Iem.  Wcrn.  Soc.  iv.  316  (1823)  : 
llacf.  Jam.  ii.  83  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  256  ;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  vii.  775  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  457  &  viii.  493.  M.  macro- 
phylla  JIacf.  Jam.  ii.  84  (1850)  (non  Triana).  Melastoma 
impetiolaris'  Sic.  Prodr.  70  (1788)  &  Fl  Ind.  Occ.  788  ;  Vdhl 
Eclog.  Hi.  22,  Ic.  t.  25  ;  Rich,  in  BonpL  Melast.  64,  t.  29. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  in  Herb.  Stock- 
holm. 

Browne !  (specimen  from  Linnseus  in  Herb.  Stockholm),  Wright ! 
Broughton  !  Swartz  \  Bath ;  Port  Royal  Mts.  ;  Mac  fad-yen  !  St.  Mary ; 
Moneague;  McNab\  Distinl  Seaford  Town,  Westmoreland,  Purdiel 
St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  Prior  1  March  !  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P. 
2020,  Hartl  near  Troy,  1500  ft.;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500ft.;  Harris  I 
Fl.  Jam.  8558,  11,090. — Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico, 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  Eustache,  Montserrat,  Guadeloupe,  Dominica, 
trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrub  or  tree,  8-25  ft.  high;  young  branchlets,  panicle-branches, 
under  surface  of  leaves,  and  calyx  densely  stellate-tomeutose.  Leaves 
l'5-3(-5)  dm.  1.,  long  and  narrowly  elliptical,  shortly  and  acutely 
acuminate,  margin  entire  or  wavy  with  minute  teeth,  3-plinerved  with 
union  of  nerves  close  to  base,  and  with  1  or  2  marginal  pairs,  on  upper 
surface  glabrous  or  occasionally  with  a  few  hairs  at  base  of  midrib. 
Panicles  pyramidal,  l'5-2'5  dm.  1.  Calyx  shortly  lobed,  2-5-3  mm.  1. 
Petals  white,  2-3  mm.  1.  Style  5-6  mm.  1.  Berry  globose,  4-5  mm.  in 
diam.,  at  first  scarlet,  at  length  blue. 

0    R    9 


31  L'  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Miconia 

C.  Panicles  pyramidal,  primary  branches  twice  or  thrice 
forked,  hranchlets  \viih  the  flowers  on  one  side. 
(Spp.  7,  8.) 

7.  M.  albicans  Tr'nnia  in  Trail*.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  116  (1871); 
Coijn.    in  DC.   JIoitiH/r.  lit.    785.      M.  holosericea  DC.   Prodr.   Hi. 
is'l   (1SL>8);    Macf.  Jam.   ii.   79;   Gruel.   Fl.  Br.   W.   Lt.l.   -J56. 
M.   rufesceiis  Macf.   J<un.   ii.   80   (1850)  (non  DC.).      Melastoma 
albicans  Sw.  Prodr.  70  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Ore.  786.     M.  holosericea 
Valtl  Eclog.  i.  42  (1796) ;  BonpL  Melast.  52,  53,  it.  23,  24  (non  L. 
nee  Sw.}.     Specimens  named  by  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and 
Herb.  Stockholm. 

Masson  \  Swartz  \  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  Macfadycn  \  St.  Elizabeth, 
NfNab\  Purdiel  Wullschlaegel ;  Moneague  ;  Linstead ;  Priori  Marsh  ! 
Bull  Head,  J.P.  1515,  Hart  I  also  Fawcctt\  also  Harris  !  Prospect  Hill, 
near  Castleton,  2i.OO  ft.,  Thompson\  Cinchona,  Watt\  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2500  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  7952,  8464,  10,073,  11,205,  12,26^.— West  Indies, 
trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrub,  6-15  ft. ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  under  surface  of  leaves, 
panicle-branches,  and  calyx  densely  covered  with  a  white  tomeutum  of 
minute  stellate  hairs  and  long  white  adpressed  hairs.  Leaves  6-14  cm.  L, 
ovate-elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical,  apex  a  short  pointed  tip,  base  ernar- 
ginate-cordate,  upper  surface  of  young  leaves  covered  with  stellate  bairs, 
at  length  glabrate  and  dark-coloured,  beneath  white  or  grey,  tomentose, 
3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  parchmenty;  petioles  '5-1 '5  cm.  1. 
Panicles  about  1  dm.  L,  terminal  and  also  sometimes  axillary.  Flowers 
sessile.  Calyx  2-5-3  mm.  L,  5-toothed.  Petals  2-5  mm.  L,  white 
or  yellowish.  Style  4-5  mm.  1. ;  stigma  funnel-shaped.  Berry  4-5  mm. 
in  diam.,  blue. 

M.  eriodonta  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  185  (1828)  is  cited  by  Cogniaux  in  Fl. 
Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  300  and  in  DC.  Monogr.  mi.  793  as  occurring  in  Jamaica 
collected  by  de  Tussac. 

\Ve  have  not  seen  any  specimen  from  Jamaica,  nor  does  the  species 
occur  in  any  of  the  West  Indian  Islands,  being  known  only  from  Guiana, 
New  Grenada,  and  Bolivia. 

The  leaves  are  3-nerved,  1-3  dm.  L,  at  length  glabrous  on  both  sides. 
The  flowers  are  crowded  on  one  side  of  the  panicle-branches.  The 
branchlets  are  terete,  stellate-tomentose. 

8.  M.  trinervia   D.  Don  ex  Loud.   Hort.  Brit.    174  (1830)  ; 
Triana  in   Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.   106  (1871)  (non  Griseb.  nee 
Cogn.)  ;  Fawc.  &  Hendle  in  Journ.  Sot.  Ixiv.  104.     M.  scorpioides 
Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvi.  243  (1851) ;  Cogn.  in  FL  Bras, 
xiv.  pt.  4,  283  &  DC.  Monogr.  mi.  782.     M.  anceps  Naud.  torn, 
cit.  150  (1851).      Melastoma  trinervia  Sw.  Prodr.  69  (1788)  & 
Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  774.     M.  ?  scorpioides  Scnlecht.  &  Cham,  in  Linnsea 
v.  564  (1830).      Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Mountains,  Sivartz  1  Troy,  2000  ft.,  Harris  ! — Trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrub  or  tree,  about  15  ft.  high ;  youngest  branchlets  alternately  very 
compressed  and  2-edged,  densely  covered  together  with  petioles  and 
inflorescence  with  stellate  or  scaly  hairs.  Leaves  1-5-2  5  dm.  L,  oblong- 
elliptical  or  obovate-elliptical,  shortly  and  acutely  acuminate,  base  decurrent, 


Miconia 


MELASTOMACE.E 


373 


3-plinerved,  lateral  nerves  near  margin,  without  an  outer  obscure  nerve, 
on  upper  surface  glabrous,  beneath  with  minute  stellate  or  scaly  hairs, 
membranous;  petioles  laterally  compressed,  1-2  cm.  1.  Panicles  l'5-2'5 
dm.  1.,  branches  short,  once  2-forked,  flowers  in  2  series  on  one  side  of  the 
branch,  sessile.  Calyx  covered  with  stellate  hairs,  2  mm.  1.,  limb  5-toothed. 
Petals  2*  5  mm.  1.  Style  6  mm.  1.,  slightly  thickened  at  apex.  Berry  sub- 
globose,  5  mm.  in  diarn. 

D,  Panicles  pyramidal,  occasionally  subcorymbiform. 
Flowers  not  wholly  on  one  side  of  panicle-branchlets. 
(Spp.  9-11.) 

9.  M.  Igevigata  DC.  Prodr.  in.  188  (1828);  Grisel.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  257  (in  part) ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  798  ;  Urb.  Symb. 


Fig.  136  —Miconia  Icevryata  DC. 

A.  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and        C,  Stamens  X  8, 

inflorescence  x  §.  D,  Calyx  and  ovary  cut  lengthwise  X  6. 

B,  Flower  X  4.  E,  Fruit  cut  across  x  6. 


74  FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA  11,'ct.niu 


Ant.  ii'.  -I")"  A'  /•///.  494.  Melastoma  hi-vigata  Linn.  N//*/.  IdL'L' 
(1759)*  il-  >'/'.  P/.  td.  "2,  f>59.  M.  fuliis.  .  .i-iiniulis  purpur 
.•rntiUis  limn-ne  Hint.  Jam.  1H9;  Sic.  Ols.  17G  ;  7>W.  Jlnj.  t.  363. 
M.  grossulurioick's  3////.  7>/c/.  eJ.  JS  (1768).  M.  penduiifolia 
Bonjil.  Jlt'litvt.  79,  /.  35  (1<S11).  M.  pyramidalis  De*r.  in  Lam. 
Encij,-.  u\  53  (1797-8);  lluupl.  Melatst.  48,  t.  '2i.  (irossularia 
fructu  non  spiiiosa,  malabathri  foliis  oblongis,  floribus  herbacri, 
rucemosis,  fructu  nigro  Sloane  Cat.  165  &  Hist.  i.  39.  Type  frmn 
Browne  in.  Herb.  Linn,  named  31.  In  n't/aid  by  Linnceus,  another 
specimen  of  the  same  species  from  Browne  named  M.  discolor  by 
Linnieus.  (Fig.  136.) 


Sloane  Herb.  vi.  97  1  Housto-un  !  Wright  !  Brougliton  \ 
Brou-ncl  Swartzl  Distinl  St.  Thomas  in  Vale;  St.  Mary;  HcHab  \ 
Macfadyen  1  Waters  \  Purdie  1  Gosse  !  Wilson  I  Moneague,  Prior  1  March  ! 
J.P.  959,  13S9,  Morris  \  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball  \  Newcastle,  J.P.  1435, 
Hart\  Prospect  Hill,  near  Castleton,  2000  ft.,  Thompson  \  Farm  Hill,  Blue 
Mts.,  3500  ft.  ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.  ;  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2600  ft.  ; 
Peckharn,  Clarendon,  2300  ft.;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6275,  7949,  8781,  8'J(.'-J. 
9364,  11,078;  Morse's  Gap;  Content  road,  Blue  Mts.,  1026;  Miss  J.  11. 
Perkins  1 

Shrub,  6-10  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  panicle-branches,  and 
calyx  with  minute  stellate  hairs  or  powdery  scales.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  1., 
ovate,  oblong-ovate,  or  lanceolate,  long  acuminate,  base  rounded  to  sub- 
acute,  glabrous  except  nerves  and  veins  beneath  powdery,  5-nerved  often 
with  an  obscure  nerve,  margin  entire  or  sometimes  with  minute  teeth, 
membranous;  petioles  1-3  cm.  1.  Panicle  '5-1  '5  dm  1.  Flowers  usually 
sessile,  somewhat  crowded.  Calyx  3-2  mm.  1.  Petals  4-3  mm.  1.,  white 
or  pale  pink.  Style  6-7  mm.  1.,  thickened  and  truncate  at  apex.  Berry 
globose,  blue  or  black,  slightly  10-ribbed,  3  mm.  in  diam.  Seed  obovoid, 
light  brown,  '7  mm.  1. 

10.  M.  splendens  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.Ind.  256  (1860);  Triana 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc  ccxviii.  107;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  800. 
M.  elliptica  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  88  (1850).  M.  obovalis  Naud.  in 
Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  scvi.  183  (1851)  ;  C<gn.  torn.  cit.  803.  Melastoma 
foliis  ovato-acuminatis  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  ^),  t.  140. 
M.  splendens  Sw.  Prodr.  70  (1788)  &  Fl.  2nd.  Occ.  789.  Specimen 
from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm  named  by  him. 

Masson  !  Swartz  !  Macfadyen  !  Ginger  Hill,  Purdie  !  Moneague,  Prior  ! 
March  I  Hopeton,  Westmoreland,  1000  ft.,  Harris  !  Castletou,  Thompson  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  7267.  —  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico. 

Shrub,  6-10  ft.  high;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  panicle-branches  and 
calyx  powdery  or  with  minute  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  2-3  dm.  1., 
9-12(-16)  cm.  br.,  elongate-elliptical  tapering  to  both  ends,  apiculate,  base 
acute  running  down  into  the  petiole,  generally  3-nerved  or  3-plinerved 
with  a  marginal  pair  evident  or  obscure  which  scarcely  reaches  the  apex, 
glabrous  except  that  the  nerves  beneath  are  more  or  less  powdery  ;  margin 
entire  or  wavy  with  minute  teeth,  papery  ;  petioles  1-5-5  cm.  1.  Panicles 
pyramidal,  1-2  dm.  1.  Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile,  clustered,  parts  in 


*  Sloane's  fig.   cited  as  a  synonym  refers  to  a  specimen  of  Zizyphus 
Chloroxylon  Oliv.  (see  p.  64). 


Miconia  MELASTOMACE^E  375 

fives.  Calyx  2-3  mm.  1.,  shortly  lobed,  limb  not  persistent.  Petals 
2-3  mm.  1.  Style  4  mm.  1. ;  stigma  peltate.  Berry  subglobose,  3  mm. 
in  diam. 

Swartz  describes  the  leaf  as  being  "  5-nerved,  not  counting  the  marginal 
pair  "  ;  the  leaves  of  his  specimen  are  of  the  usual  type  near  the  inflores- 
cence, 3-nerved  or  3-plinerved  with  1  marginal  pair. 

11.  M.  prasina  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  188  (1828) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  86  ; 
Griscb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  257  ;  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii. 
109;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  805  ;  Urb.  Sjjmb.  Ant.  iv.  458  & 
viii.  495.  Melastoma  prasina  Sio.  Prodr.  69  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  777. 
M.  laevigata  Aubl.  PI.  Guian.  i.  412,  t.  159  (1775)  (non  Linn.}. 
Specimens  from  Swartz  from  Hispaniola  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and 
from  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Swartz  \  Wiles  1  Marsh  near  Grosmond,  St.  Eli/abeth,  McNab  1  Potosi, 
near  Bath  ;  Moortown  ;  Macfadyen  !  Wilson  !  near  Moneague,  Prior ! 
March  !  Spring  Hill,  Portland,  2200  ft. ;  Olive  river,  Christiana  district, 
2600  ft.  ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.  ;  Harris  1  Prospect  Hill,  near  Castleton. 
2000  ft. ;  Golden  Spring,  800  ft.  ;  Thompson  1  Fl.  Jam.  6653,  7953,  7955, 
8036,  8243,  9363.— Cuba,  Is.  of  Piues,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Tortola, 
Grenada,  Trinidad,  Margarita,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrub  or  tree,  8-20  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets  slightly  puberulous  or 
glabrate.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  1.,  4-7  cm.  br.,  narrowly  elliptical  to  lanceolate, 
acute  or  somewhat  acuminate,  narrowed  to  an  acute  base,  subentire, 
glabrous,  3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  transverse  veins  prominent ; 
petiole  usually  somewhat  2-winged,  '5-1  '5  cm.  1.  Panicle  more  or  less 
powdery,  pyramidal,  '5-l-5  dm.  1.,  many-flowered.  Calyx:,  limb-margin 
wavy  or  shallowly  toothed,  3-3  •  5  mm.  1.  Petals  obovate,  white  or  yellowish- 
white,  or  pinkish,  rarely  pale  pink,  2-3  mm.  1.  Style  5-6  mm.  1. ;  stigma 
subpeltate.  Berry  black-purple,  10-ribbed,  to  4  mm.  thick. 

Var.  attenuata  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  806 ;  leaves  8-15  cm.  1., 
3-5  cm.  br.,  somewhat  rigid,  scarcely  acuminate,  entire,  3-plinerved 
occasionally  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  petiole  •  5-1  cm.  1.  ; 
calyx  densely  powdery. — M.  attenuata  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  186  (1828). 
M.  vsitikjla'  Jam-  ii.  89. 


,  Purdie  !  St.  Elizabeth,  McNab  I  Moneague,  Priori  near 
Troy,  20Uu  ft.  ;  Savannah,  Upper  Clarendon,  •J.'.CO  ft.  ;  Kellits,  Clarendon, 
2000  ft.;  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  8703,  9405,  11,107,  11,155;  between  Grange 
Hill  and  Glasgow,  Mr's.  E.  G.  Britton,  2884 !  near  Troy,  2000  ft., 
Miss  J.  E.  Perkins,  1412  ! 

§  3.  Flo\ver-parts  in  fives;  flowers  minute,  sessile.  Calyx  bell- 
shaped  ;  limb  truncate  or  obscurely  5-toothed.  Petals 
obovate,  rounded  at  apex.  Anthers  rather  short,  linear, 
straightish,  with  1  chink,  connective  shortly  prolonged 
below  the  cells,  without  an  appendage  at  base. 

12.  M.  ehrysophylla  Urb.  Syiub.  Ant.  iv.  459  (1910)  (only  as 
regards  the  synonyms,  not  the  Porto  Rico  plant)  viii.  760  &  in 
Fedde  Rep.  xvii.  406  (1921).  Miconia  fulva  DC.  Prodr.  Hi. 
180  (1828)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  857  (for  the  most  part). 


:'T6  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  Miconia 

M.  discolor  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  85  (1850).  Mrlnstoma  chrysophylla 
L.  C.  Itt'clt.  in  Act.  Soc.  7LW.  Nat.  Paris  i.  109  (1792).  M.  fuh.-. 
L.  C.  Eidi.  in  Hoiij'l.  Mt'laxt.  i'.",  /.  11  (1807).  Eurycli.-'-nia 
punctata  Griwl.  FI.  Br.  W.  Ind.  L'59  (1860). 

Near  Moncague,  ]'riur\ — Trinidad,  Guiana,  Bolivia,  Brazil. 

Shrub,  6-1G  ft.  high  ;  young  hranchlets  acutely  3-4-cornered  or  some- 
times somewhat  2-edged,  not  winged.  Leaves  1-2-5  dm.  1.,  2-5  cm.  br., 
the  upper  usually  3  or  4  together  in  a  whorl,  elsewhere  opposite,  narrowly 
elliptical  to  oblanceolate  or  lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  narrowing  to 
h:i<e,  usually  coppery-coloured,  beneath  covered  with  minute  glassy  stellate 
scales  attached  at  the  depressed  centre  giving  the  appearance  of  a  pitted 
surface,  3-plinerved  or  3-nerved  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  midrib  on 
upper  surface  narrowly  impressed,  transverse  nerves  beneath  flat,  margin 
wavy-crenate  ;  petioles  '5-1  cm.  1.  Panicles  10-13  cm.  L,  branches  oppo- 
site or  whorled.  Calyx  2  mm.  1.  Petals  1-8-2  mm.  L,  yellowish.  Ovary 
3-celled.  Style  4  mm.  1.  Berry  2 -5-3  mm.  in  diam. 

M.  punctata  D.  Don  is  reported  from  Jamaica  on  the  authority  of  the 
specimen  of  M.  chrysophylla  Urb.  from  Prior  cited  above  and  named  on 
the  sheet  in  Herb.  Kew.  by  Grisebach  Euryclicenia  punctata  Griseb.,  and 
the  identification  by  Grisebach  of  M.  discolor  Macf.  as  a  synonym.  How- 
ever, M.  punctata  is  easily  distinguished  from  M.  chrysophylla  Urb.  by 
the  anthers  opening  by  pores,  leaves  entire,  the  midrib  on  upper  surface 
somewhat  prominent  in  a  shallow  furrow,  the  transverse  nerves  beneath 
usually  prominent,  and  petals  larger,  2*5-3  mm.  1.  It  is  known  from 
Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Kico,  Guatemala,  Bolivia. 

§  4.  Flower-parts  in  fives  ;  flowers  small,  sessile.  Calyx  bell- 
shaped,  limb  truncate  or  obscurely  lobed.  Petals 
obovate,  apex  obliquely  retuse.  Anthers  short,  thickish, 
oblong,  straight  or  slightly  curved,  apex  obtuse  and  with 
one  minute  pore,  connective  not  produced  below  the 
cells,  without  appendage. 

13.  M.  ciliata  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  179  (1828);  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  vii.  867.  M.  racemosa  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xvi.  153 
(1851)  (in  part).  M.  racemosa  var.  ciliata  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  \\ .  Ind. 
258.  M.  racemosa  var.  Urbaniana  Cogn.  in  Urb.  Synib.  Ant. 
v.  448  (1908).  Melastoma  octandria  Mill.  Diet,  (1768)  (non 
M.  octandra  L.).  M.  ciliata  L.  C.  Rich,  in  Act.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Paris  1792,  109  &  in  Bonpl.  Melast.  62,  t.  28  (excl.  syn.). 

Purdie !  Guys  Hill,  Moneague,  Prior !  March  !  J.P.  2102,  Morris  ! 
Prospect  Hill,  near  Castleton,  2000  ft.,  Thompson*,  near  Cinchona,  Watt  I 
Kellits,  Clarendon,  2000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7954,  10,074,  11,154. 

SJirub,  9-16  ft.  high  ;  young  branches  more  or  less  4-furrowed,  glabrous. 
Leaves  1-2-5  dm.  L,  narrowly  elliptical,  oblong-elliptical,  or  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  narrowed  to  apex  or  acuminate,  base  blunt  to  rounded,  5-nerved 
with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  margin  with  minute 
teeth  and  ciliate,  papery ;  petioles  1-4  cm.  1.  Panicles  5-12  cm.  1. ; 
branches  opposite,  2-  or  3-forked ;  flowers  more  or  less  on  one  side, 
or  clustered  on  reduced  branches  ;  bracteoles  minute,  persistent.  Calyx 
2  mm.  1.  Petals  pink,  2-2-5  mm.  1.  Style  2  mm.  1.  Berry  3-4  mm. 
in  diam. 


Miconia  MELASTOMACE-dS  377 

§  5.  Flower-parts  in  fives,  in  M.  tetrandra  in  fours ;  flowers 
small  or  minute.  Calyx  1-2  mm.  1.,  bell-shaped,  trun- 
cate or  very  shortly  lobed,  lobes  outside  very  often 
minutely  toothed  or  tuberculate.  Petals  obovate  or 
oblong,  apex  rounded  or  slightly  notched.  Anthers 
short,  usually  somewhat  wedge-shaped,  straight,  apex 
truncate,  with  2  pores  (4  in  M.  thesezans),  connective 
more  or  less  prolonged  below  the  cells,  base  without 
appendage  or  with  2  tubercles.  (Spp.  14-17.) 

14.  M.  elata  DC.  Prodr.  in.  182  (1828) ;   Macf.  Jam,  ii.  81  ; 
Cogn.    in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.   903.      M.   eurychsenioides   Griseb.  in 
Mem.  Am.  Acad.  N.S.  viii.  185  &  Cat.  Cub.  99  (in  part).      Gros- 
sularise  .   .   .  folio    maximo  etc.   Sloane   Cat.   164  &  Hist.  ii.   84, 
t.  196, /.  1.     Melastoma  elata  Sw.  Prodr.  70  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  781. 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  90  !   Wright ! — Cuba. 

Tree,  30-40  ft.  high ;  young  branchlets  4-cornered  and  4-f urrowed, 
together  with  -petioles,  panicles,  and  calyx  densely  covered  with  minute 
rusty  scales  or  stellate  hairs.  Leaves  1-3  dm.  1.,  elliptical  to  oblong- 
elliptical,  abruptly  and  shortly  acuminate,  narrowed  to  base,  margin  wavy 
with  small  teeth,  beneath  stellate-tomentose,  5-nerved  with  an  obscure 
marginal  pair,  nerves  and  veins  very  prominent  beneath ;  petioles  2-4  cm.  1. 
Panicles  1-1-5  dm.  1.,  pyramidal;  flowers  sessile  crowded;  parts  in  fives. 
Calyx  2  mm.  1.,  obscurely  toothed.  Petals  about  1*5  mm.  1.  Style  2,  at 
length  4  mm.  1.  Berry  10-ribbed,  globose,  4-5  mm.  in  diam. 

15.  M.  rubens  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xvi.  169  (1851);  Cor/n. 
in  DC.  Monogr.   vii.   921.      M.  microbotrya  Naud.   torn.  cit.   195 
(1851).     Melastoma  rubens  Sic.  Prodr.  71  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ. 
797.     Cremaniurn  rubens  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  191  (1828) ;  Macf.  Jam. 
ii.  91  ;  Griseb.  torn.  cit.  261  (in  part).     Types  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Wright !   Swartz  !  Wiles  !  Bancroft !  Macfadyen  \  3IcNab  !  near  Radnor, 
Purdiel    4000   ft.,   Wilson,   841!    March,   594!    Albion,    St.  Ann,  Prior! 
Catherine  Peak,  4500  ft.,  Eggers,  3622  (in   part) !    above  Portland  Gap, 
5800  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  6340;  Blue   Mt.  Peak,  G.  E.  Nichols,  108!- 
Venezuela. 

Shrub,  5-10  ft.,  glabrous ;  branchlets  4-cornered,  furrowed,  reddish. 
Leaves  6-9  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  apex  acuminate  with  a  short  narrow  tip,  base 
acute,  3-nerved  or  3-plinerved  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  veins  pellucid, 
submernbranous,  network  of  veins  with  comparatively  few  meshes,  margin 
minutely  toothed;  petioles  1-1*5  cm.  1.  Panicle  pyramidal,  4-7  cm.  1. 
Floivers  dioecious,  subsessile  ;  parts  in  fours  or  fives.  Calyx  1-5-2  mm.  1., 
drying  black  in  herbarium  specimens.  Petals  white,  '7  mm.  1.,  obovate- 
roundish.  Style  1*5-2  mm.  1.;  stigma  peltate,  much  wider  than  style. 
Berry  globose,  2  mm.  in  diam. 

16.  M.  tetrandra  D.  Don  in  Loud.  Hort.  Brit.  174  (1830); 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.   922  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  460.       Mela- 
stoma tetrandra  Sia.  Prodr.   72  (1788);  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  795  &  Ic. 
t.  13.     Tetrazygia  tetrandra  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.   172  (1828);  Macf. 


'378  J'LOKA    UK    JAMAICA 

Jinn.  ii.  oil.  I'rrmaninin  letrandrum  Gri.^ch.  /•'/.  />/-.  IT.  Ind.  2'''J 
(1860).  Specimens  iYom  Swart/  in  Fli-rb.  .Mus.  Brit,  and  in 
I  Ici-1).  Stockholm. 


i'eaks  of  Blue  Mts.,  Xirnrt.:  \  Vinegar  Hill,  on  main  ridge  of  Blue  }i 
4300   ft.,  also   below  on    north   side,   3500   ft.,   Jl(irna\    PL    Jam.    640s  ; 
Trafalgar,  Blue  Mts.,  Miss  J.  R.  l'<  rlcins  !  —  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Guadeloupe, 
Dominica,  Grenada,  Trinidad. 

Tree  20-50  ft.,  or  sometimes  a  slirub  4-13  ft.  Ligh  ;  panicle-branches 
and  calyx  with  rusty-brown  powdery  covering.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  1., 
elliptical  or  ovate  or  narrowly  ovate-elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base 
usually  rounded,  often  emarginate,  3-plinerved  with  an  obscure  nerve 
hidden  by  the  revolute  entire  margin,  nerves  beneath  with  minute  scaly 
hairs  with  stellate  margin,  glabrate  on  the  upper  surface,  somewhat 
leathery;  petioles  2-3  cm.  1.  Panicle  pyramidal,  1-1-5  dm.  1.  Flou 
sessile  or  subsessile  ;  parts  in  fours.  Calyx  1-5-2  mm.  1.,  slightly  con- 
-tricted  below  the  toothed  or  subtruncate  limb.  Petals  white,  1*8  mm.  1. 
Stamens  4(-5).  Style  4  mm.  1.  ;  stigma  acute.  Berry  black,  globose, 
4  mm.  in  diam. 

17.  M.  thesezans  Cutjn.  in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  419  (1888), 
and   in   DC.   Monogr.  vii.   923   (and   p.   914  under  M.  vulcanica 
Naud.   so   far    as    the    Jamaican   specimen   is   concerned)  ;    Url. 
Si/inl>.  Ant.   vi.    106.      M.  milleflora  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  xvi. 
-'.->7  (1851);   Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  130.     Melastoma 
thesezans   Bonpl.  Melast.   17,  t.  9   (1807).      Cremanium  theezans 
DC.  Prodr.  in.  194  (1828).      C.  rubens  Grisel.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind. 
261  (1860)  (in  part,  nun  DC.). 

Ifacfadyenl  Pnrdiel  Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  J.P.  G50,  Morris  !  also  Hart  I 
also  Harrisl  FL  Jam.  9137;  Cinchona,  5000  ft.,  G.  E.  Nichols,  134  !  Clyde 
road,  near  Cinchona,  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins,  1217  !  —  Tropical  S.  America. 

Shrub,  4-16  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  6-12  cm.  1.,  narrowly  elliptical, 
acuminate,  base  acute,  3-nerved  or  sub-3-plinerved  with  a  marginal 
pair  rather  indistinct  and  an  outer  obscure  nerve  sometimes  coinciding 
with  the  margin,  veins  usually  pellucid  but  the  transverse  parallel  veins 
usually  not  pellucid,  papery,  network  of  veins  with  comparatively 
numerous  meshes,  margin  sometimes  minutely  toothed  ;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1. 
Panicle  pyramidal,  5-6  cm.  1.  ;  pedicels  short  or  almost  wanting.  Flower- 
parts  in  fives.  Calyx  5-lobed,  1-2-1-5  mm.  1.,  usually  drying  yellow  in 
herbarium  specimens.  Petals  yellowish-white,  obovate-roundish,  1-1-5 
mm.  1.  Anthers  with  4  pores.  Style  2*5-3  mm.  1.,  apex  thick.  Berry 
globose,  blue,  2-2-5  mm.  in  diam. 

This  species  is  the  food-plant,  in  the  Blue  Mts.,  of  the  very  beautiful 
moth  Urania  sloanei,  at  any  rate  near  Cinchona,  where  it  was  formerly 
very  abundant.  Gosse  mentions  the  Avocado  Pear  as  the  food-plant  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Bluefields. 

§  6.  Flower-parts  in  fives.  Calyx  2-5  mm.  1.  Petals  obovate, 
2-5  mm.  1.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals.  Anthers 
short,  obovoid  or  wedge-shaped,  with  one  very  large 
pore  prolonged  downwards  as  a  chink.  Berry  sub- 
globose,  4-5  mm.  in  diam.  (Spp.  18,  19.) 

18.  M.    quadrangular  is   Naud.    in  Ann.  Sc.   Nat.    scvi.    197 
(1851);   Cogri.  in  DC.  Prodr.  vii.  933.     Melastoma  quadrangulare 


Miconia  MELASTOMACE.i;  379 

Sw.  Prod.  69  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  770.  Chsenopleura  quadran- 
gularis.  Macf.  Jain.  ii.  96  (1850).  Pleurochaenia  quadrangularis 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  260  (1*60).  Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  &  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  Feb. -May ;  Blue  Mts.  ;  Swartz !  Wiles  1  Blue  Mts.  range, 
Macfadyen  !  McNab  1  Portland  Gap,  Purdie  !  Wilson  !  March  1  Blue  Mt. 
Peak,  Priori  Cinchona,  5000  ft..  J.P.  651,  Morris  \  also  Hart  I  near 
Vinegar  Hill,  4000  ft. ;  near  Woodcutters'  Gap,  4000  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
6357,  6434;  Catherine  Peak,  4000  ft.,  Eggers,  3600!  Clyde  stream, 
Miss  J.  R.  Perkins  1 

Shrub  or  tree,  12-20  ft.  high  ;  branchlets  acutely  4-cornered,  glabrous. 
Leaves  6-15  cm.  1.,  oblong-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  acuminate,  base  sub- 
acute,  3-nerved  with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  somewhat  rigid  ;  petioles 
1-2  cm.  1.  Panicles  glabrous,  pyramidal,  5-8  cm.  1.  ;  branches  close 
together,  ascending  ;  pedicels  wanting.  .FVower-parts  in  fives.  Calyx  2-3 
mm.  1.  Petals  white  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  2-3  mm.  1.  Style  4  mm.  1.  ; 
stigma  thick,  truncate.  Berry  glabrous,  4-5  mm.  in.  diam.,  purple. 

19.  M.  rigida  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  130  (1871); 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  rii.  929  ;  Urb.  Sj/mb.  Ant.  viii  497.  Mela- 
stoma  rigida ' SIP.  Prodr.  69  (1788)  ;  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  768  &  Ic.  ined. 
t.  67.  Cremanium  rigidum  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  93  (1850).  Pleuro- 
chsenia  rigida  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  260  (1860).  Specimens 
named  by  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Blue  Mts. ;  Wright !  Masson  !  Swartz  !  Hacfadyen  1  McNab  !  John 
Grant  Peak,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  1085,  Hart !  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Morris !  also  at 
7000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6337.— Hispaniola. 

Shrub,  6-12  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  panicle-branches,  and 
calyx  covered  with  powdery  scales  or  hairs,  associated  on  inflorescence  and 
calyx  with  glandular  hairs.  Leaves  8-12  cm.  1.,  elliptical  to  ovate- 
elliptical,  base  rounded  or  emarginate,  3-nerved  with  an  outer  obscure 
nerve,  powdery-scaly  on  the  nerves  and  veins,  otherwise  glabrous,  margin 
with  very  minute  teeth,  rigid;  petioles  1-5-3  cm.  1.  Panicle  pyramidal, 
1-2  dm.  1. ;  pedicels  8-12  mm.  1.  Calyx  at  length  constricted  below  limb, 
about  5  mm.  1.  Petals  white,  4-5  mm.  1.  Style  4  mm.  1.  Berry  brown, 
scaly,  hairy,  5  mm.  in  diarn. 


9.  TETRAZYGIA  L.  C.  Rich. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees,  usually  scurfy  with  soft  scales. 
Leaves  stalked,  3-5-nerved.  Flowers  small,  many,  in  terminal 
panicles  or  corymbs,  white  or  tinge;!  with  purple.  Calyx  :  tube 
constricted  above  the  ovary,  limb  spreading,  4-5-lobed.  Petals 
4-5,  obovate,  obtuse.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  petals, 
equal ;  anthers  with  one  pore,  connective  not  prolonged  below 
the  cells.  Ovary  half-adherent,  3-6-celled  ;  style  narrowing  to 
a  stigmatic  point.  Berry  crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx. 
Seeds  numerous,  minute. 

Species  18,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  one  also  occurring  in 
British  Guiana. 


380 


ri.URA    OF   JAMAICA 


Tetrazygia 


Tarts  of  flowers  in  fives. 
Leaves  elliptical  to  elliptical-lanceolate,  3-plinerved. . .  1.   T.  pallens. 

Leave-  ovate,  3-nerved    "1.   7'.  ocata. 

Parts  of  i lowers  in  fours. 

Plant  hirsute 3.   T.  liispida. 

Plant  not  hirsute. 

Leaves  ovate 4.   T.  albicans. 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate    5.   T.  angustifolia. 

1.  T.  pallens  Conn.  In  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  724  (1891).  T.  el:-- 
agnnides  Hook,  in  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4383  (1848)  (non  DC.).  T.  angusti- 
flora  Griseb.  tout.  cit.  254  (I860)  (in  part).  Melastoma  pallens 


Fig.  137. — Tetrazygia  pallens  Cogn. 

A,  Leaf  x  g.  D,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  2g. 

B,  Flower  and  bud  x  11.  E.  Fruit  cut  across  X  2|. 

C,  Anther  X  4.  F,  Seed  X  10. 

Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  296  (1822).  Diplochita?  angustiflora  Bentli. 
PL  Hartw.  263  (1846).  Harrera  gerascanthoides  Macf.  Jam. 
ii.  61  (1850).  H.  trinervis  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  63  (1850). 
(Fig.  137.) 

In  fl.  May-Nov. ;  Masson  !  Port  Eoyal  Mts.  (Salt  Hill ;  Green  Valley) 
Macfadyen !  Waters !  McNab ;  St.  Thomas  in  Vale ;  Golden  Valley, 
St.  Andrew  ;  Pur  die  !  near  Stony  Hill,  Hartivcg,  1539  !  Wilson ;  Wull- 
schlaegel ;  March !  near  Moneague,  Prior !  Cherry  Garden,  Liguanea, 


Tetrazygia  MELASTOMACE^E  381 

E.  Campbell !  Stony  Hill,  Jenman  \  also  Fawcett  &  Harris  !  Halls  Delight, 
Port  Royal  Mts. ;  near  Troy,  2000  ft. ;  N.E.  of  Dolphin  Head ;  Peckham, 
Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  between  Constant  Spring  and  Bardowie,  800  ft. ; 
Harris  !  Montego  Bay,  McCatty  !  Fl.  Jam.  5512,  7462,  8744,  10,316,  10,961, 
11,176,  12,039.— Cuba,  Dominica. 

Tree,  20-60  ft.  high ;  younger  branchlets,  under  surface  of  leaves, 
petioles,  inflorescence  with  calyx  grey  tomentose  with  minute  stellate  or 
scaly  hairs.  Leaves  6-15  cm.  1.,  3-6 -5  cm.  br.,  elliptical  to  elliptical- 
lanceolate,  shortly  or  long  acuminate,  base  acute  to  subrounded,  3-plinerved 
with  an  outer  obscure  nerve,  papery,  petioles  1-3  cm.  1.  Panicles  many- 
flowered,  10-15  cm.  1. ;  pedicels  3-6  mm.  1.,  lateral  jointed.  Calyx 
6-7  mm.  1.,  limb  spreading,  with  5  very  short  obtuse  lobes.  Petals  5, 
white  or  pink,  narrowly  obovate,  apex  obliquely  subtruncate,  6-8  mm.  1. 
Anthers  5-6  mm.  1.  Style  12-15  mm.  1.  Berry  subglobose,  6-7  mm.  thick. 

2.  T.  ovata  Cogn.  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant  v.  447  (1908). 

In  fl.  Aug.;  Holly  Mount,  near  Ewarton,  2600  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl. 
Jam.  6450. 

Tree,  25  ft.  high ;  younger  branchlets,  under  surface  of  leaves,  petioles, 
inflorescence  with  calyx  tomentose  with  minute  stellate  hairs.  Leaves 
9-13  cm.  L,  ovate,  shortly  acuminate,  base  rounded,  3-nerved  with  an 
outer  obscure  nerve ;  petioles  2  •  5-4  cm.  1.  Panicle  pyramidal,  15-17  cm.  1. ; 
pedicels  very  short.  Calyx  6-7  mm.  L,  limb  spreading,  truncate  or 
obscurely  5-lobed.  Petals  5,  white,  obliquely  obovate,  7-8  mm.  1.  Anthers 
5-6  mm.  1.  Style  14-15  mm.  1. 

3.  T.  hispida  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  58  (1850);   Cogn.  torn.  cit.  723. 
Melastoma  hispida  Suo.  Prodr.   72  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.   Occ.   821. 
M.   glandulosa  Sw.   FL   Ind.    Occ.    799   (1798).     Heterotrichum 
hispidum    Griseb.    torn.    cit.    251    (1860).     H.    octandrum   Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  66  (1850)  (fide  Grisebach).     Specimen  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Stockholm,  with  name  Melastoma  glandulosa  Sw.     There 
is  also  a  leaf  and  a  portion  of  inflorescence  with  name  M.  hispida 
written  by  Swartz,  but  it  is  evidently  Clidemia  strigillosa  DC. 

In  fl.  May,  June;  Massonl  Swartz  I  Waters  I  McNabl  Wilson ! 
Wullsclilaegel ;  March  I  Goshen,  Moneague,  Prior !  Blue  Mt.  Peak, 
Hitchcock;  near  Troy,  2000  ft.;  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann,  2000  ft.;  Harris  I 
FL  Jam.  8735,  12,010. 

Shrub  or  tree,  12-25  ft.  high ;  younger  branchlets,  under  surface  of 
leaves,  petioles,  inflorescence  with  calyx  densely  hispid  with  short  hairs. 
Leaves  6-12  cm.  L,  ovate-elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base  rounded  or 
subcordate,  entire.  3-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair  of  nerves,  upper  surface 
with  short  bristly  hairs,  beneath  bearded  in  axils  of  transverse  nerves ; 
petioles  1*5-4  cm.  1.  Panicle  6-12  cm.  L,  loosely  pyramidal,  many- 
flowered;  pedicels  2-4  mm.  1.  Calyx:  tube  4  mm.  L,  lobes  4,  2  mm.  1. 
Petals  4,  obovate,  apex  obliquely  subtruncate,  rosy  or  white,  6  mm.  1. 
Anthers  oblong,  2-5  mm.  1.  Style  1  cm.  1. 

Wullschlaegel's  specimen,  less  hairy,  is  Grisebach's  var.  hcvius. 

4.  T.  albieans  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  .c.ri/ii.  100  (1871); 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  718.     Chitonia  albieans  Don  ex  Naud. 
in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xv.  339  (1851)  &  xvi.  t.  2-3, /.  2. 

Wiles  (in  Herb.  Deless.). 

Small  tree;  younger  branchlets  densely  covered  with  bran-like  hairs. 


FLORA    OK   JAMA!  Tetrazygt  • 

Leaves  6-8  cm.  1.,  3-5*5  cm.  br.,  ovate,  apex  somewhat  acute,  base  rounded, 
.r)-]»Hii.-rv.-(l,  beneath  nerves  prominent  and  surface  hoary-tomentose. 
Ptin;*.-!'  <  :  branchlets  thick,  compressed,  diverging,  at  apex  3-flowered. 

wers  S«<M!O,  spreading.  Calyx  tomentose  with  bran-like  hairs ;  tube 
7-8  mm.  1. ;  1;  .bcs  4,  3-4  rum.  1.,  triangular,  acuminate.  Petals  4.  Ovary 
G-celled.  Style  1  cm.  1. 

We  have  not  seen  a  specimen. 

r>.  T.  angustifolia  DC.  Prodr.  in.  172  (1828)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  rii.  7l'0  ;  Urb.  St/mb.  Ant.  iv.  454.  Melastoma  angusti- 
fnlia  'Sw.  Prodr.  71  (1788)  «k  Fl.  Ind,  Occ.  796;  Vahl  Eclog.  iit. 
25  ,v  7.-.  Amer.  t.  26  ;  Rich,  in  Bonpl.  Melast.  20,  t.  10.  Miconia 
an^ustif«»lia  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  258  (1860).  Specimen  from 
Swartz  from  Jamaica  in  Herb.  Stockholm.  Specimens  from 
de  Ponthieu  and  Ryan,  cited  by  Swartz,  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Swartz  1 — Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Cruz,  St.  John,  Tortola, 
Montserrat,  Guadeloupe,  Dominica,  Martinique,  Trinidad.  Swartz  gives 
habitat  in  Prodromus  as  West  Indies,  in  Flora  Ind.  Occ.  as  "  in  Jamaica, 
in  Insulis  Caribaeis  (de  Ponthieu)  Ins.  St.  Johannis  (Ryan)." 

Shrub  or  small  tree.  Leaves  4-6  cm.  1.,  4-8  mm.  br.,  narrowly 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  3-nerved,  veins  transverse,  ladder-like,  nerves  and 
veins  beneath  prominent,  grey-tomentose  beneath  with  minute  stellate 
hairs;  petioles  '5-1  cm.  1.  Panicles  2-6  cm.  1.,  branches  corymbiform, 
covered  together  with  calyx  with  minute  bran-like  hairs.  Flowers  many, 
small,  crowded,  stalked.  Calyx:  tube  1*5  mm.  1.,  lobes  4,  '8-1  mm.  1. 
Petals  4,  yellowish  or  rosy,  2  mm.  1.  Anthers  2  mm.  1.  Style  4  mm.  1. 


10.  CALYCOGONIUM  DC. 

Shrubs,  generally  velvety  -tomentose,  sometimes  glabrous. 
Leaves  somewhat  small,  oblong  or  lanceolate,  leathery,  entire, 
obscurely  3-5-nerved,  nerves  evident  beneath  (3-plmerved  in 

^P^l 


Jamaican  species).  Flowers  small,  solitary  or  a 
axillary  or  terminal.  Calyx  :  limb  truncate,  processes  4  (5,  6), 
thread-like,  inserted  below  the  margin  of  the  limb.  Petals  4  (5.  0), 
obovate.  Stamens  equal,  twice  as  many  as  petals;  anthers 
with  1  pore,  connective  not  elongated  and  without  any  appendage. 
Ovary  adherent,  3-4-celled.  Berry  globose.  Seeds  pyramidal. 
Species  22,  natives  of  the  West  Indies. 

Leaves  4-8  cm.  1.,  bearded  at  base  of  nerves  beneath. 

Pedicels  1-2  cm.  1  ...........................................  1.  C.  glabratum. 

Leaves  2-4  cm.  1.,  usually  glandular  at  base  of  nerves 

beneath.     Pedicels  very  short  or  wanting    .........  2.  C.  rhamnoideum  . 

1.  C.  glabratum  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  168  (1828);  Naud.  in  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvi.  84  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  245  ;  Cogn.  in 
DC.  Monoyr.  vii.  940.  Melastoma  glabrata  Sw.  Prodr.  71  (1788), 
FL  Ind.  Occ.  806,  &  Ic.  ined.  t.  39.  Specimens  from  Swartz  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 


Calycogoniuin 


MELASTOMACE-i; 


383 


In  fl.  during  the  year ;  Swartz  \  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Pitrdie !  Wilson ! 
Chesterfield,  3200  ft.;  Silver  Hill,  3500  ft.;  Harris!  Fl.  Jam.  5791,  6208, 
6289.— Cuba. 

Shrub,  4-10  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-8  cm.  1.,  2-3  cm.  br.,  elliptical  to 
lanceolate,  obscurely  3-plinerved  beneath  with  an  outer  nerve,  usually 
bearded  at  base  of  nerves  beneath,  otherwise  glabrous  ;  petioles  5-10  mm.  1. 
Pedicels  1-2  cm.  1. ;  solitary.  Calyx  :  tube  5  mm.  1.,  processes  4,  6-8  mm.  1. 
Petals  4,  obovate,  minutely  apiculate,  5  mm.  1.  Ovary  4-celled. 

2.  C.  rhamnoideum  Naud.  la  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvi.  ^-"» 
(1851)  ;  Griseb.  loc.  cit. ;  Coyn.  torn.  cit.  941.  C.  glabratum  J/ac/. 
Jam.  ii.  46  (1850)  (non  DC.).  (Fig.  138.) 

Rod  wood. 

In  n.  during  the  year ;  Port  Royal  Mts. ;  Halberstadt ;  near  Dunrobiu 
Castle,  Macfadyen !  Purdie !  March !  Clifton  Mount,  Port  Royal  Mts., 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6207  ;  Halberstadt,  Norman  ! — Cuba. 


rr, 


Fig.  138. — Calycogonium'yhamnoideum  Naud. 


A,  End  of  branch  with  leaves  and 

flower  X  s- 

B,  Flower  X  2jj. 
-r.amen  X  6. 


D,  Fruit  cut  across  beli )\v  x  ?,. 

E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  x  ';. 
I-1,  Seed  x  20. 


Shrub,  2-6  ft.  high.     Leaves  2-4  cm.  1.,  1-2-5  cm.  br.,  elliptical-oblong 
narrowed  to  base,  obscurely  3-plinerved  beneath,  usually  glandular  at  lias. 
of  nerves  beneath,  glabrous ;  petioles  2-6  mm.  1.     Flowers  sessile  or  sub- 
sessile,  solitary.     Calyx  :  tube  4-5  mm.  1.,  processes  4  or  5,  4-5  mm.  1. 
Petals  4  or  5,  obovate,  acute,  3-4  mm.  1.,  white.     Ovary  4-celled. 


384 


FLO  U  A    OF    JAM  AH 'A 


Hetcrotrichum 


11.  HETEROTRICHUM  DC. 

Shrubs,  usually  hispid  or  glandular.  Leaves  large,  stalked, 
3-5-ntTved.  Flowers  usually  in  terminal  panicles.  Calyx  :  tube 
usually  constricted  at  mouth,  lobes  5-9,  very  short,  processes 
thread-like,  usually  long.  Petals  5-9,  obovate,  obtuse,  large, 
spreading.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals,  equal;  anthers 
with  one  pore,  connective  not  elongated  and  without  appendages. 
Ovary  6— 12-celled,  more  or  less  adhering  to  the  calyx-tube,  or 
nearly  free.  Berry  leathery  or  fleshy,  crowned  by  the  calyx- 
limb.  Seeds  minute,  ovoid. 

Species  12,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  Colombia,  and  Guiana. 

Hairs  glandular.  Slower-parts  in  sixes.  Calyx  pro- 
cesses 5  mm.  1 1.  II.  umbellatum. 

Hairs  longer,  seldom  glandular.  Flower-parts  in  eights. 

Calyx  processes  2-3  mm.  1 2.  H.  octonum. 

1.  H.  umbellatum  Urb.  in  Fedde  Hep.  xv.  14  (1917).  H.  patens 
DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  173  (1828);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  64;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  vii.  956.  H.  niveum  DC.  loc.  cit. ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  IncL 


Fig.  I39.—Heterotrichum  umbellatum  Urb. 

A   Leaf  X  ?  c>  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  2§. 

B*  Terminal  branchlet  of  inflorescence,        D,  Ovary  cut  across  X  4. 
showing  flower  and  buds,  X  2.  E,  Seed  x  50. 


Heterotrichum  MELASTOMACEJ-  38." 

i'")l.  Melastoma  umbellata  Mill.  Diet.  cd.  8  (17G8).  M.  patens 
Sw.  Prodr.  68  (1788)  A;  Fl.  Lul  OM.  791.  M.  iiivea  Desr.  in 
Lam.  Encyc.  iv.  42  (1707)  ;  Bnn^l.  MM,,*t.  102,  t.  44.  Miller's 
type  from  Houstouii  in  Herb.  Mus  Brit.  Specimen  from 
Browne  from  Jamaica  "  ex  herbario  Liinuei"  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 
Specimens  from  Swartz  from  Jamaica  and  Hispaniola  in  Herb. 
Stockholm.  (Fig.  139.) 

American  Gooseberry. 

In  fl.  during  the  year;  Houstounl  Broughtonl  Dancer;  Blue  Mts., 
Masson  \  higher  mts.,  Swartz \  Wiles !  common  inints.,  Macfadyen;  McNab  \ 
St.  Thomas  in  Vale ;  near  Port  Antonio;  Purdic\  A.  W.  Land  Wilson  \  Abbey 
Green,  Blue  Mts. ;  Bath  ;  Worthy  Park ;  Prior  I  March  1  J.P.  915,  1390, 
Morris !  Port  Antonio,  Hitchcock ;  above  Abbey  Green,  45UO  ft. ;  Silver 
Hill  Gap,  H500  ft. ;  above  Gordon  Town ;  Tyre  near  Troy,  150U  ft. ;  Harris  \ 
near  Castleton  (Providence,  700  ft. ;  Prospect  Hill,  2JOO  ft. ;  Brandon  Hill 
road,  SOO  ft.)  Thompson*  Fl.  Jam.  6371,  6437,  7912,  7951,  8056,  8092,  8377, 
8652;  near  Troy,  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins  I  Cockpit  country,  north  of  Appleton, 
Norman  I — Cuba,  Hispaniola. 

Shrub,  6-12  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  and  inflorescence  incl. 
calyx  tomentose  with  minute  stellate  hairs  and  densely  covered  with 
glandular  long  coarse  hairs.  Leaves  6-16  cm.  L.  4-ll(-13)  cm  br.,  ovate 
to  ovate-elliptical,  acuminate,  cordate  or  subcordate,  5-nerved  with  a 
marginal  nerve  and  sometimes  an  extra  incomplete  one,  beneath  densely 
tomentose  with  minute  white  stellate  hairs  and  a  few  long  simple  hairs 
on  upper  surface  with  a  few  long  simple  hairs,  two  of  a  pair  subequal ; 
petioles  2-5  cm.  1.  Cymes  paniculate,  terminal,  5-11  cm.  1.,  with  several 
flowers  ;  pedicels  usually  long.  Flowers  :  parts  in  fives  or  sixes.  Calyx  : 
tube  6-8  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  scarcely  distinct,  processes  flexuose,  5-6  mm.  1. 
Petals  white  or  rosy  white,  10-15  mm.  1.  Antliers  about  4  mm.  1.  Berry 
globose,  black,  edible,  1  cm.  (or  more)  in  diani. 

2.  H.  oetonum  DC.  Prodr.  in.  173  (1828)  ;  Cogn.  torn.  cit. 
','•"> 4.  Melastoma  octona  Bonpl.  Melast.  7,  t.  4  (1806).  Staphidium 
oetonum  N<iud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Ndt.  ser.  3,  xvii.  306  (1852)  &  op.  cit. 
.ii.  t.  4,  /.  2.  The  specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm 
Melastoma  strigillosa  by  him. 

In  fl.  May;    Swartz  I   near  Troy,  2000  ft.,  Harris  I   Fl.  Jam.  8566.— 
trop.  cont.  America. 

6-10  ft.  high  ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  inflorescence  with 
stellate  tomentum  and  long  red  spreading  hairs  (about  8  mm.  1.) 
rareljlandular.  Leaves  6-15(-2o)  cm.  1.,  4-9(-15)  cm.  br.,  broadly  ovate, 
cordate,  5-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair  in  the  lower  part,  on  upper  surface 
with  long  red  adpres>ed  simple  hairs  with  minute  stellate-tomentose  hairs 
more  or  less  on  midrib  and  lateral  nerves,  beneath  densely  coveivd  with 
white  stellate  hairs,  leaves  of  a  pair  often  unequal;  petioles  2-4(-lo)  cm.  1. 
Panicle  with  several  flowers.  Flowers  :  parts  in  eights.  '  :  tube 

bell-shaped,  4-5  mm.  1. ;  lobes,  inner  very  short,  obtuse,  processes  '1  3 
rnrn.  1.  Petals  white,  8-9  mm.  1.  Anthers  about  4  mm.  1.  ticrnj  ovoid, 
7-8  mm.  1. 

12.  CLIDEMIA  D.  Don. 

Shrubs   hairy  or    tomentose,   occasionally   glabrous.     Leaves 
rather  large,  stalked,  occasionally  sessjle,  usually  ovate  or  oblong, 
o-7-iierved,  entire,  crenulate,  or  small  toothed.     Flowers  small 
v.  L'  c 


386  FLORA    UK   JAM  Air  \  <     demia 

or  minute,  in  panicle^.  racemes,  or  clusters,  or  solitary,  axillarv. 
very  rarely  Bubterminal,  sometimes  crowded  into  a  head,  white, 
pink,  or  purple  ;  parts  in  fours  or  fives,  rarelv  sixes.  Calyx  :  tube 
more  or  less  hell-shaped,  limb  usually  prolonged  beyond  the 
o\ary,  shortly  lobed  or  sometimes  truncate,  processes  often  loi 
Petals  usually  obovate  or  oblong.  Stamens  usually  equal,  twice 
as  many  as  petals;  anthers  linear  or  awl-shaped,  with  one 
minute  pore  at  apex;  connective  usually  not  prolonged  below 
the  cells  and  without  appendages,  or  with  '2  small  tubercles  at 
base.  Ovary  more  or  less  adherent  to  calyx-tube,  usually  with 
3,  4,  or  5  cells;  style  slender;  stigma  a  point  or  truncate  or 
sometimes  somewhat  capitate.  Berry  often  hairy,  crowned  with 
calyx-limb.  Seeds  usually  small,  not  curved. 

Species  105,  natives  of  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America. 

Flower-parts  in  5's  or  6's.     Leaves  with  more  than 

3  nerves. 
Leaves  with  hairs  not  swollen  at  base    ...............     1.  C.liirta. 

Leaves  with  hairs  on  upper  surface  swollen  at  base. 

Inflorescence  paniculate    ..............................     2.  C.  strigillosa. 

Inflorescence  spicate  ....................................     3.  C.  spicata. 

Flower-parts  in  4's. 

Leaves  with  more  than  3  nerves. 

Leaves  3-plinerved  with  another  pair  scarcely 

reaching  apex. 
Leaves  ovate.     Calyx-tube  3-4  rnm.  1  ..........     4.  C.phimosa. 

Leaves  elliptical.     Calyx-tube  1*5  mm.  1  ......     5.  C.  pilosa. 

Leaves  5-plinerved  with  1  or  2  pairs  of  marginal 

nerves  in  lowrer  part   ..............................     6.  C.  septuplinervis. 

Leaves  3-plinerved,  narrowly  elliptical  ...............     7.  C.  Grisebachii. 

Leaves  3-nerved. 
Leaves  narrowly  elliptical  .............................     8.  C.  crossosepala  . 

Leaves  lanceolate,  long  acuminate  ..................     9.  C.  capillaris. 

(The  outer  obscure  nerve  is  not  counted  above.) 


1.  C.  hirta  D.  Don  in  Mem.  Wern.  Soc.  iv.  309 
Jam.  ii.  44  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  246  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr. 
v'd.  986;  Millsp.  in  Field  Col.  3Iu.#.  Bot,  ii.  80;  Urb.  Symb. 
Ant.  iv.  463  &  viii.  501.  C.  erythropogon  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  157 
(1828)  ;  Cogn.  torn.  cit.  989.  Arbuscula  jamaicensis  quinquenervis 
&c.  PluJc.  Plnjt.  t.  264,  /.  1,  Aim.  40.  Melastoma  hirta  L.  82). 
PL  390(1753)  (excl.  syn.  Plum.):  Sw.  Obs.  175;  Bot.  Mag.  t. 
1971.  M.  crenata  Vahl  Eclog.  i.  41,  (1796)  in.  21,  Ic.  in.  t.  24. 
M.  sessiliflorum  Spreng.  Syst.  ii  304  (1825)  (non  Vahl). 
Staphidiuni  Wilsonii  Naud.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xvii.  311 
(1852).  Specimen  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  bv 
Linnceus.  Specimens  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 
Specimen  in  Herb.  Pluk.  in  Herb.  Sloane  xcix.  115.  (Fig.  140.) 

Browne  \   Wright  !  Masson  \  Swartz  !  Cwniny,  27  !     St.  Mary,  McNab  ! 
Port  Royal  Mts.,  Purdicl   Wilson  !  near  Moneague,  Prior  !  March  !  near 


Clidcmia 


MELASTOMACE^! 


387 


Castleton,  .I/orris!  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  10G7,  Hartl  Port 
Antonio,  Hitchcock;  also  Millspaugh ;  Brandon  Hill,  near  Castleton, 
1000  ft.,  Tltompson  !  near  Spring  Hill,  Portland,  2000  ft. ;  Tyre,  near  Troy, 
1500  ft. ;  between  New  Market  and  Darliston,  1100  ft. ;  Stony  Hill, 
1100  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6654,  8053,  8096,  8653,  9887,  11,128  ;  Thomson 
Gap,  Blue  Mts.,  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins ! — West  Indies,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Shrub, 4-12  ft.  high;  younger  branchlets,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyx 
hirsute  with  long  reddish  hairs  and  often  also  minute  stellate  hairs. 
Leaves  4-16  cm.  1.,  2-7  cm.  br..  ovate-elliptical,  ovate,  or  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  base  obtuse  or  rounded,  often  emarginate,  often  oblique. 


A,  Portion  of  brauch  with  leaves 

and  flowers  X  ii. 

B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  X  3. 


Fig.  140.— Clidemia  hirta  D.  Don. 

C,  Stamens  x  4. 

D,  Fruit  cut  across  x 

E,  Seed  x  20. 


subentire  or  minutely  crenulate,  5-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair  in  the 
lower  part,  or  3-plinerved  with  an  additional  pair  of  nerves  below  and  an 
obscure  marginal  pair,  hirsute  on  both  sides  (hairs  not  swollen  at  base), 
more  sparsely  on  mature  leaves,  two  leaves  of  a  pair  more  or  less  unequal  ; 
petioles  -5-2  cm.  1.  Cymes  few-flowered,  1-3  cm.  1.,  or  almost  reduced  to 
a  cluster,  axillary  and  terminal.  Flowers  subsessile,  or  pedicels  3-6  mm.  1.  ; 
parts  in  fives  (or  sixes).  Calyx  :  tube  to  5  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  about  1-5  mm.  1.  ; 
processes  to  5  mm.  1.  Petals  white,  often  with  a  tinge  of  pink,  7-10  mm.  1. 
Anthers  to  5  mm.  1.,  lanceolate;  connective  very  shortly  prolonged  below 
the  cells,  with  2  small  tubercles  at  base.  Ovary  5-celled.  Berry  hirsute, 
blue,  6-7  mm.  1.,  ovoid,  5-celled. 

c  2 


2 


r 


Kl.oKA    OF    JA.MAI-  A 


\':\r.  elegans  <iri*<b.  /<><•.  >-it.  •  large  ovate  or  nroadly  ovate 
cordate  leaves  with  very  evident  crenatures.  Melastoma  dedans 
Anil.  PL  Guian.  L  427,  /.  167  (177r,).  Clidrmia  elegans  D.  Don 

I  (1C.    Clt. 

j:>-oughton\  J'rior  :  near  Guys  Hill,  St.  Ann,  1800  ft.;  Peckham, 
(  larcudon,  2000  ft.;  H<irns\  Fl.  Jam.  12,038,  12,824.—  Distribution  of 
species. 

2.  C.  strigillosa  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  159  (1828)  ;  71/m/.  Jam.  ii.  44; 
C<><pi.   in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,   484   &  in  DC.  J\L>no<jr.  vii.   995  ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  464  &  viii.   501  ;  Fawc.  &  Itendh'  in  Joum. 
Bot.  Jxiv.  104.      C.  agrestis  Mac/.  Jam.  ii.  99  (1850).     Arbuscula 
jarnaicensis  pentaneuros  itc.  Pluk.  Plti/t.  t.  264,  f.  3.      Melastoma 
strigillosa  SUB.  Prodr.  71  (1788;,  FL  Lid.  Occ.  793  <fc  Ic.  ined.  68. 
Heterotrichum  viscosum  &  H.  dubium  Marf.  Jam.  ii.  65  (1850). 
C.  spicata  var.   strigillosa   Griseb.   FL   Br.  W.   Ind.   247   (1860). 
Specimens  from.  Wright  and  Masson  in  Herb.  Banks  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit,  named  by  Swartz.     Specimen  in  Plukeiiet's  Herb,  in 
Herb.  Sloane  xcix.  118  ! 

In  fl.  throughout  year;  Wright  \  Massonl  Swart  z\  Wiles  \  Wnllschlaegel; 
A.  W.  Lane  !  St.  Thomas  in  Vale  ;  Moneague,  St.  Ann  ;  Prior  I  March  ! 
Mt.  Airy,  3000-3500  ft.,  Harris  I  Bull  Head,  Faivcett  !  Fl.  Jam.  7458,  7564, 
8477.  —  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Guiana,  Peru. 

Shrub,  3  ft.  high,  younger  branchlets,  petioles,  and  peduncles  thickly 
covered  with  stellate-tomentose  hairs,  and  with  hairs  more  or  less  glandu- 
lar. Leaves  6-10  cm.  1.,  ovate,  acuminate,  base  rounded  and  slightly 
enaarginate-subcordate,  margin  with  unequal  small  teeth,  ciliate,  5-nerved 
with  a  marginal  pair  in  the  lower  part,  two  leaves  of  a  pair  subequal,  hispid 
on  upper  surface  with  long  hairs  swollen  at  base,  densely  tomentose  with 
short  stellate  hairs  beneath;  petioles  7-14  mm.  1.  Panicles  crowded  with 
many  flowers,  3-5  cm.  1.,  axillary  or  subterminal.  Flower-p&rts  in  fives  (or 
sixes).  Calyx  minutely  stellate-tomentose  with  short  hairs  sometimes 
glandular,  tube  3  '5-5  mm.  1.,  lobes  narrowly  ovate  with  rounded  apex, 
2-3  mm.  1.,  processes  a  little  longer  than  tube.  Petals  5-4  mm.  L,  greenish 
or  white,  purplish  when  dry.  Anthers  2*5  mm.  1.,  oblong,  connective 
scarcely  produced,  without  appendages  ;  filaments  3-5  mm.  1.  Berry 
black,  5-G-celled. 

3.  C.  spieata  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  159  (1828)  (non  Don)  •  Griseb. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  247  (in  part)  ;  Cogn.  in  FL  Bras.  xiv.  pt.  4,  485 
A:  in  DC.  Monoyr.  vii.  996.     Melastoma  spicata  Aubl.  PL   Guian. 
i.  423,  t.  165  (1775).     Specimen  from  Aublet  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Wullschlaegel  (fide  Cogniaux).—  Cuba,  St.  Thomas,  Trinidad,  trop. 
cont.  America. 

Shrub,  1-3  ft.  high  ;  younger  branchlets,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyx 
shortly  and  densely  tomentose  with  stellate  hairs  and  hirsute  with  long 
stiff  hairs  usually  not  glandular.  Leaves  6-10  cm.  1.,  4-5  cm.  br.,  ovate  or 
ovate-elliptical,  shortly  and  acutely  acuminate,  base  rounded,  margin 
minutely  toothed,  5-nerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  pair  in  lower  part, 
two  leaves  of  a  pair  more  or  less  unequal,  hispid  on  upper  surface  with  long 
hairs  swollen  at  base,  densely  tomentose  with  short  stellate  hairs  beneath  ; 
petioles  2-10  mm.  1.  Panicles  axillary,  usually  contracted  into  a  spike, 
4-7  cm.  1.  Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile  ;  parts  in  fives  or  sixes.  Calyx  : 


Clidemia  MELASTOMACE.K  389 

tube  3  mm.  1. ;  lobes  obovate-roundish,  l'5-2  mm.  1. ;  processes  3-4  mm.  1. 
Petals  white,  rose,  or  sometimes  purplish,  4  mm.  1.  Berry  blue-black, 
subglobose,  5  mm.  thick. 

We  have  not  seen  a  specimen  from  Jamaica. 

4.  C.  plumosa    DC.    Prodr.    Hi.   159   (1828)  ;    Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.    vii.    1019.     C.   Berterii    Griseb.    FL   Br.    W.   Ind.  247 
(1860).    Melastorna  plumosa  Desr.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  iv.  3 1  (1797-98). 
Sagrsea  Berterii  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  171  (1828);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  53. 

In  fl.  during  the  year;  Wiles !  Bertero ;  Cuna-Cuna  pass,  3000  ft., 
Wilson  I  Petersfield,  St.  Mary,  Me  Nab  I  Pnrdiel  Mansfield,  800  ft. ;  near 
Mabess  river,  3000  ft. ;  Harris  !  between  Mansfield  and  Devil's  river  ;  John 
Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1700  ft. ;  Harris  &  Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  5965,  7470,  9127, 
10,572,  10,762  ;  Miss  J.  B.  Perkins  !— Venezuela. 

Shrub,  5-9  ft.  high;  younger branchlets,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyx 
densely  villose-hirsute.  Leaves  1-2 '5  dm.  1.,  7-14  cm.br.,  ovate,  acuminate 
with  a  long  slender  tip,  base  rounded  to  truncate,  margin  with  small 
teeth,  3-plinerved  with  a  pair  scarcely  reaching  the  apex,  and  an  obscure 
marginal  pair,  two  leaves  of  a  pair  somewhat  unequal,  hirsute  on  both 
sides  with  adpressed  hairs ;  petioles  3-8  cm.  1.  Panicles  1  or  2  together, 
with  several  flowers,  usually  about  as  long  as  the  petiole.  Flower-psais  in 
fours.  Calyx :  tube  3-4  mm.  1. ;  lobes  very  short,  about  *5  mm.  1. ; 
processes  scarcely  3  mm.  1.  Petals  2 '5-4  mm.  1.,  greenish-yellow.  Berry 
edible. 

C.  umbrosa  Cogn.  is  reported  by  Cogniaux  to  have  been  collected  in 
Jamaica  by  Ryan,  but  the  locality  on  Ryan's  specimen  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit, 
is  "  insulffi  caribsese,"  i.e.  one  of  the  smaller  W.  Indian  Islands — Montserrat 
in  Vahl  Eclog.  iii.  27.  It  is  found  in  the  islands  from  Guadeloupe  to 
Trinidad.  It  is  at  once  distinguished  from  C.  plumosa  (which  it  resembles) 
in  the  processes  of  calyx  being  only  '5  mm.  1. 

5.  C.  pilosa  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  mi.  1023  (1891).    C.  Swartzii 
Griseb.     Fl.    Br.    W.    Ind.    248    (in    part).       Melastoma    pilosa 
Siv.  Prodr.  72  (1788)  <k  FL  Ind.   Occ.  819.     Sagrsea  pilosa  DC. 
Prodr.    iii.    171   (1828);   Macf.  Jam.  ii.  54.       Specimens   from 
Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Mountain  woods,  Sicartz  \   Guys  Hill,  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  McNab 
also  Pur  die  \ 

Shrub  or  small  tree ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyx 
hirsute.  Leaves  10-17  cm.  1.,  4 '5-7*5  cm.  br.,  elliptical,  acuminate,  base 
rounded,  entire,  3-plinerved  with  marginal  pair  scarcely  reaching  the  apex, 
and  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  two  leaves  of  a  pair  unequal,  on  upper  surface 
sparsely  hirsute  or  glabrate,  hirsute  beneath  especially  on  the  nerves  ; 
petioles  1-2-5  cm.  1.  Panicles  2-3  cm.  1.  .F/oicer-parts  in  fours.  Calyx: 
tube  1'5  mm.  1.,  shallowiy  lobed.  Petals  small,  somewhat  roundish,  white 
with  a  red  spot  at  base:  Filaments  red ;  anthers  white.  Berry  sub- 
globose,  hairy,  4-celled,  4  mm.  in  diam. 

6.  C.  septuplinervia  Cogn.  in  Fl.  Br<i*.  .do.  pt.  4,  506  (1S88) 
tfe  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  1008.     C.  crossosepala  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.   248   (1860)   (in  part).      Specimen  from  Wilson  named  by 
Grisebach  in  Herb.  Kew. 

In  fr.  Dec. ;  locality  not  stated,  Wilxon  ! — Colombia,  Peru. 

Younger   branchlets,   petioles,  under  side  of  leaves,  and  calyx  rusty- 


:'.0li  ri.niiA   oi-1  JAMAICA  Ctidemia 

powdery.      Leaves  l   •_!  dm.    1.,   elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,   acuminate, 
rowed  to  ba^e  and  -"inr.wliat  deciirrent  on  t  he  petiole,  entire,  5(/'<i-plinerved 
v,  ith    1   or   '2   p;iirs  of  marginal    nerves  in   lower  part,  glabrous  on  upper 
-ui'face,    two    of   a    pair    nii''<|iial;     petiolo   '5-2    em.    1.  nocrs   closely 

clustered  on  a  niucli  shortened  axillary  raceme  or  panicle;  parts  in  fours; 
pedicels  *5-l(-4)  mm.  1.  Cali/x :  tube  about  3  mm.  1. ;  lobes  triangular, 
scarcely  1  mm.  1.  ;  processes  from  below  the  apex  of  lobes  l'5-2  mm.  1.. 
with  long  glandular-capitate  hairs.  I'ttah  white.  Jli'rrit  Mibglobose,  4-5 
mm.  1.,  indigo-blue. 

7.  C.    Grisebaehii   Cog-n.   hi   DC.  Monogr.   vii.   1009  (1891). 
G.   crossosepala    Griscb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.    248  (1860)  (in  part). 
Sagraea  Grisebaehii  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  .rxviii,  139  (1871). 
Specimen  from  Wilson  in  Herb.  Kew. 

In  fl.  March  ;  Manchioneal,  Wilson,  476  ! 

Shrub,  8-10  ft.  high ;  branchlets  acutely  4-cornered,  young  branchlets 
and  petioles  hairy.  Leaves  4-11  cm.  1.,  narrowly  elliptical,  acuminate  at 
both  ends,  3-plinerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  usually  puberulous 
on  midrib  on  upper  surface,  sometimes  pubescent  on  nerves  beneath,  two 
of  a  pair  unequal ;  petioles  6-9  mm.  1.  Floivcrs  minute,  solitary  or  in 
clusters ;  flower-parts  in  fours  ;  pedicels  very  short  or  to  3  mm.  1.  Calyx 
1*5-2  mm.  1.  Berry  subglobose.  (The  single  specimen  now  bears  flowers 
in  bud  only.) 

8.  C.  crossosepala  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  248  (1860)  (in 
part)  ;   Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.    1010  (1891)  (under   C.  crosso- 
petala).     Sagraea  crossopetala   Triana  loc.  cit.  (1871).     Specimen 
£rom  Wilson  in  Herb.  Kew. 

Mansfield,  near  Bath,  Wilson,  472  I 

Shrub ;  young  branchlets  with  a  few  scattered  hairs,  petioles,  peduncles, 
and  calyx  with  minute  bran-like  scales.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  L,  narrowly 
elliptical,  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped,  entire,  3-nerved  with  an  obscure 
marginal  pair,  glabrous  or  sometimes  very  sparsely  pubescent  beneath, 
two  of  a  pair  generally  very  unequal;  petioles  -5-1-5  cm.  1.,  slightly 
furrowed  and  hirsute  on  upper  side.  Flowers  in  inconspicuous  clusters ; 
flower-parts  in  fours;  pedicels  1-2  mm.  1.  Calyx:  tube  cylindrical,  1*5 
•mm.  1.;  lobes  wanting;  processes  about  -5  mm.  1.  Petals  with  a  short 
bristle  at  apex. 

9.  C.   eapillaris   Griseb.   FL  Br.   W.   Ind.   249   (I860)    (non 
Don)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  1024.     C.  capillaris  v.  leiocalyx 
Cogn.  in  Urb.  Si/mb.   Ant.  v.   451   (1908).      Melastoma  capillaris 
Sw.  Prodr.  71   (1788),  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  808  &  Ic.  ined.  L  38.     Sagrsea 
capillaris  DC.   Prodr.   Hi.   170  ;    Macf.  Jam.  ii.  51.      Specimens 
from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Hills  above  hot  springs,  Bath,  Swartz !  Bertero ;  road  to  Raymond 
Hall,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  St.  Andrew,  Macfadycnl  Mansfield,  1200  ft., 
Wilson !  March  \  St.  Thomas  in  Vale  ;  near  Moneague  ;  Prior  !  near  Troy, 
1500  ft. ;  Resource,  near  Holly  Mount,  2000  ft. ;  Albion  Pen,  St.  Ann, 
2000  ft. ;  Harris  \  valley  of  Sulphur  river,  Bath,  Harris  &  Britton  \  Fl.  Jam. 
8543,  8895,  10,587,  12,007.— Cuba. 

Shrub,  3  to  10  ft.  high,  without  hairs  except  on  calyx  and  fruit ; 
branchlets  slender,  with  somewhat  enlarged  nodes.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  1., 


Clidemia 


MELASTOMACE-ffi 


31)1 


1-2  cm.  br.,  lanceolate,  long  acuminate,  entire,  3-nerved,  two  of  a  pair 
often  unequal ;  petioles  3-10  mm.  1.  Racemes  usually  clustered,  2-4 
cm.  L,  1-5-flowered.  Peduncles  and  pedicels  capillary,  sometimes  with  a 
few  scattered  glandular  hairs.  Flower-p&rts  in  fours.  Calyx :  tube  oblong, 
with  a  few  glandular-capitate  hairs  3-3 '5  mm.  1. ;  processes  -5  mm.  1. 
Petals  scarcely  1  mm.  L,  white.  Berry  7-8  mm.  1.,  deep  violet-blue,  some- 
times with  a  few  glandular-capitate  hairs. 


13.  HENRIETTEA  DC. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  stalked,  large,  oblong  or  lanceolate, 
entire,  3-5-nerved.  Flowers  in  clusters  at  leafless  nodes  in 
Jamaican  species,  or  solitary  or  in  panicles  ;  parts  in  fives  (or 


- 

'  •-j  •- 


Fig.  Ul.—Henriettea  ramijlora  DC.  aud  Ilen.-iettella  seaslli folia  Triaua. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  flowers  of  Hen- 

riettea  rami flora  X  -t. 

B,  Bud  of  ditto  X  2. 

C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  of  ditto,  petals 

having  fallen,  x  2. 

D,  Bud  of  Henriettella  sessilifolia  X  2. 


E,  Flower  of  ditto  X  2. 

F,  Fruit  of  ditto  cut  across  x  2. 

G,  Seed    of    ditto    with    epidermal    out- 

growths protruded  after  moistening 
X  20. 


sixes).  Calyx  :  tube  thick,  leathery  ;  limb  spreading,  lobed,  with 
a  minute  sharp  tooth  outside  beneath  apex  of  each  lobe.  Petals 
oblong  or  obovate,  clawed,  apex  usually  obtuse  or  rounded. 
Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals ;  anthers  (in  H.  ramijlora)  some- 
what thick,  apex  with  curved  beak,  with  one  pore  ;  connective 


•  < 


392  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Henriettea 


•  i 


not  prolonged   belmv  the  eells,  not   append  aged  at  tin- 

asionallv  spurred  on    the    hack.      <>\arv  •">(  <>)-eelled,  altoget  h<-r 
adherent  to  the  calyx-tithe.      Styk'  thicker  towards  apex  :   stigma 
truncate.      I'.erry  leathery-fleshy.     Seeds  oblong-pyramidal. 
Species  14,  natixes  of  Jamaica,  Colombia,  Guiana,   Brazil. 

H.  ramiflora  DC.  Pr<.,l,-.  Hi.  ITS  (1828)  ;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  11'. 
I  ml.  -46  (excl.  syn.  H.  grandifolia)  :  ('<"jn.  in  77.  ]}m*.  xiv.  /•/.  4, 
•"">•''>  1  u  in  DC.  Monogr.  ?•//.  1036  (excl.  //.  grandifolia).  Melastoma 
ramiflora  Sw.  Prcdr.  69  (1788)  &  FL  Lid.  On-.  TT5.  Type  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  141,  A-C.) 

Swampy  places  in  St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Masson !  also  Prior ;  March  ! 
—Trinidad,  Surinam. 

A  tree-like  slirub  or  tree,  20-30  ft.  high,  trunk  5-6  inches  in  diam. ; 
young  branchlets,  petioles,  and  calyx  with  adpressed  bristle-like  hairs. 
Leaves  10-15(-20)  cm.  1.,  elliptical  or  narrowly-elliptical,  apex  shortly  and 
acutely  acuminate,  narrowing  to  an  acuminate  or  obtuse  base,  3-plinerved 
with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  on  upper  surface  at  first  with  a  few 
adpress^  bristle-like  hairs  at  length  glabrescent,  beneath  covered  with 
brownish-yellow  tomentum  of  stellate  hairs  and  bristle-like  hairs  ;  petioles 
about  1  cm.  1.  Peduncles  2-3  mm.  1.,  1-flowered  10-15  in  a  cluster  at 
leafless  nodes.  Floicer-p&iis  in  fives.  Calyx:  tube  7  mm.  1.,  becoming 
constricted  above  in  fruit;  lobes  roundish-ovate,  about  2  mm.  1.  Petals 
pink,  unequal-sided,  one  side  with  a  minute  appendage,  8-10  mm.  1 
Anthers  7-8  mm.  1.  Style  10-12  mm.  1. 


14.  MECRANIUM  Hook.  f. 

Glabrous  shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  stalked,  3-plinerved, 
network  of  veins  fine-meshed.  Flowers  small  or  minute,  in  short 
branching  panicles,  axillary  or  at  leafless  nodes :  pedicels 
minutely  bracteolate  ;  parts  in  fours  or  fives.  Calyx  :  tube  bell- 
shaped  or  hemispherical ;  limb  short,  obtusely  lobed.  Petals 
obovate.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals  ;  anther-cells  short, 
gaping  with  1  or  2  large  pores,  connective  prolonged  below  the 
cells,  jointed  with  the  filament,  without  appendage.  Ovary 
adherent,  3-5-celled.  Berry  small,  globose.  Seeds  minute,  ovoid, 
somewhat  shell-shaped,  minutely  granulate. 

Species  9,  natives  of  the  West  Indies. 

Calyx-tube,  base  obtuse,  1-5-2  mm.  1.     Leaves 

ovate,     ovate-oblong,     oblocg-lanceolate, 

elliptical-lanceolate,  or  oblong-elliptical...  1.  3J.  amygdalinum. 
Calyx-tube,    base    acute,   3   mrn.   1.      Leaves 

lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  or  narrowly 

elliptical 2.  M.  virgatum. 

Calyx-tube,  base  obtuse,  2'5  mm.  1.     Leaves 

obovate-elliptical  to  elliptical 3.  M.  purpurasceiis. 

1.  M.  amygdalinum  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  139 
(1871)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Slonoyr.  vii.  981  (inch  vars.),  &  in  Urb.  Symb. 


Mecranium 


MELASTOMACE.E 


393 


Ant.  w.  463  «fe  viii.  500.  M.  amygdalinum  v.  Urbanianum 
m  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  27  (1009).  M.  integrifolium  Triana  loc. 
cit.  Melastoma  amygdalinum  Desr.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  iv.  •">•"» 
(179.V6)  :  Rich,  -in  Hoitpl.  3Ii'1ast.  82,  t.  36.  Cremanium  axillare 
N<icf.  Jam.  ii.  92  (1850).  C.  amygdalinum  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Lid.  261  (I860).  Osssea  brachystaehya  Naud.  in  Ann.  S<:. 
Nat.  xvii.  337  (1852).  O.  integrifolia  Naud.  loc.  cit.  (Fig.  142.) 


B 


Fig.  142. — J/e< •/•'(.)( ' H Hi  amygdaliiiiun  Triana. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        C,  D,  Stamens,  different  views,  x  21. 

inflorescence  X  %.  E,  Seed  x  30. 

B,  Flower  x  11. 

Massonl  Sivartzl  Moneague,  St.  Ann,  Macfadyen  !  Hanover,  PunJicl 
Betty's  Hope,  2500  ft.  above  Manchioiieal,  Wilson  !  March  !  Prior  \  Silver 
Hill  Gap,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  3500  ft.  ;  wooded  hill  N.E.  of  Dolphin  Head; 
Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.  ;  Harris  !  south  end  of  John  Crow  (Blake) 
Mts.,  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam.  G43G,  10,315,  10,735,  11,041.— Cuba, 
Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico. 

Shrub  or  bushy  tree,  5-18  ft.  high  ;  branches  often  enlarged  at  nodes. 
Leaves  5-10  cm.  1.,  1*5-4  cm.  br.,  ovate,  ovate-oblong,  oblong-lanceolate, 
elliptical-lanceolate,  or  oblong-elliptical,  acuminate,  base  obtuse  to  acute, 
sometimes  decurrent  into  the  petiole,  3-plinerved  with  an  obscure  marginal 
nerve,  the  lateral  nerves  prominent  beneath,  base  blunt  or  acute,  decurrent 
sometimes  on  the  midrib,  axils  of  nerves  sometimes  bearded,  transverse 
veins  at  right  angles,  fine-meshed,  margin  usually  entire  or  sometimes 
obscurely  crenulate,  membranous;  petioles  -5-2  cm.  1.  Panicles  1-3  cm.  1. 
Calyx  1-5-2  mm.  1.,  bell-shaped,  ovoid,  or  subhemispherical,  base  obtuse, 


FL"KA   or  .i.VMAlt  A  Mecranium 


minutely  -1-lobed.     1'cldh  4.  1-1  -.r»  mm.  1.,  a])cx  obtuse  or  notched, 

or  yellowish-i;rriMi.     Stdmcnn  S;  filaments  about  1  nun.  1.  ;  anther  witli 

connective  about  1  mm.  1.      .S7///V  "2  nun.  1  ,  stigma  capitate.      I-'ruit-  about 

mm.  in  diani.,  black,  globose,  skin  thin  with  seeds  showing  through. 

<1s  -6  mm.  1. 

The  Jamaican  specimens  recede  somewhat  from  Desrousseaux's  original 
description  of  the  specimen  from  Ilispaniola,  but  the  species  appears  to  be 
VITV  variable,  Cogniaux  having  noted  several  varieties. 

-.  M.  virgatum  Tr'mna  in  Trail*.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  140  (1871)  ; 
torn.  cit.  983.  Melastoma  virgata  tiw.  Prodr.  72  (1788)  A: 
Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  816.  Creraanium  virgatum  Griseb.  op.  cit.  261. 
Ossaea  purpurascens  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  49  (1850)  (non  DC.).  Sagraea 
virgata  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  52  (1850)?  Henriettea  racemosa  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  76  (1850).  Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  mountain  woods,  Swartz  ;  Catherine  Peak,  Macfadyen  \  Purdie  ! 
H  7/so7t  !  March  I  Castleton,  Morris  I  Bellevue,  4500  ft.,  Eggers,  3776! 
Abbey  Green,  Blue  Mts.,  4000  ft.,  Harris  \  Brandon  Hill,  100C  ft.,  near 
Castleton,  Thompson\  south-eastern  foothills  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts., 
Harris  &  Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  6274,  8061,  10,684  ;  Water  Works  glen,  Port 
Antonio,  Nor  man  I  —  Specimen  from  Shakespear  labelled  from  South 
America,  possibly  a  mistake  for  Jamaica. 

Shrub  or  tree,  12-20  ft.  high;  branchlets  enlarged  at  nodes.  Leaves 
7-17  cm.  1.,  2'5-5  cm.  br.,  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  or  narrowly 
elliptical,  acuminate,  base  acute,  margin  entire  or  slightly  wavy,  3-plinerved 
with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  nerves  beneath  prominent,  transverse  veins 
somewhat  close  together,  inclined  very  slightly  upwards,  network  fine- 
meshed,  papery  ;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  Panicles  numerous,  2-4  cm.  1., 
usually  at  leafless  nodes,  longer  than  the  petiole.  Calyx-tube  narrowly 
bell-shaped,  base  acute,  very  minutely  4-toothed  or  irregularly  truncate, 
3  mm.  1.,  2  mm.  br.  Petals  white,  apex  obtuse,  2  mm.  1.  Stamens  8. 
Style  5-7  mm.  1.  Berry  ovoid  with  truncate  apex,  4*5  mm.  1.  Seed 
•6  mm.  1.,  ovoid,  shell-like,  coat  rough. 

3.  M.  purpuraseens  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  139 
(1871)  ;  Cocjn.  torn.  cit.  982.  Melastoma  purpurascens  Sw.  Prodr. 
71  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  804  (non  Aubl.)  ;  Griseb.  op.  cit,  261. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 

Massonl  Swartz  \   Wiles;  near  Cinchona,  Blue  Mts.,  J.  P.  1255,  Morris  ! 

Shrub  or  small  tree;  branchlets  enlarged  at  nodes.  Leaves  4-3  cm.  1., 
2  '5-3  cm.  br.,  obovate  elliptical  to  elliptical,  apex  mostly  apiculate  on 
flowering  branches  to  shortly  acuminate  on  branches  without  flowers, 
base  subacute,  entire,  3-plinerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  nerve,  trans- 
verse veins  somewhat  close  together,  tending  slightly  upwards,  intermediate 
network  of  veins  with  very  fine  mesh,  usually  coloured,  papery  ;  petioles 
5-8(-12)  mm.  1.  Panicles  much  longer  than  the  petioles,  3-4  cm.  1. 
Calyx-tube  bell-shaped,  base  obtuse,  minutely  4-lobed,  about  2'5  mm.  1., 
2  mm.  br,  Petals  minute,  roundish,  white.  Style  5  mm.  1. 

15.  HENRIETTELLA  Naud. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  somewhat  leathery,  elliptical, 
oblong,  or  lanceolate,  3-5-nerved.  Flowers  in  clusters  at  leafless 


H>nrietteUu  MKLASTO.MACK.K  395 

• 

nodes  of  one-year-old  branches,  stalked  or  subsessile.  Flower- 
parts  in  fives.  Calyx:  tube  bell-shaped;  limb  truncate  or 
shortly  lobed.  Petals  ovate,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  usually  acute 
or  acuminate.  Stamens  10  ;  anthers,  apex  obtuse,  with  1  pore, 
not  beaked,  connective  not  prolonged  and  without  appendage  at 
base.  Ovary  adhering  by  almost  its  whole  surface,  4— 5-celled. 
Berry  4-5-celled.  Seeds  in  pulp,  irregularly  obovate-angled. 

Species  22,  natives  of  tropical  America,  including  the  West 
Indies. 

Base  of  leaves  sessile  or  subsessile,  auriculate 1.  H.  sessilifolia. 

Base  acute  or  acuminate. 

Leaves  glabrous 2.  H.  llacfadyenii. 

Leaves  hispid 3.  H.  fascicularis. 

1.  H.    sessilifolia    Triana  in    Trans.    Linn.  Soc.   xxviii.    143 
(1871)  ;     Cogn.    in    DC.    Monogr.    vii.    1039.       Melastoma   foliis 
amplioribus  ttc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  219,  /.  24, /.  1,  2  (excl.  syn.). 
M.  sessilifolia  L.  Syst.  ed.   10,   1022  &  Amcen.  i\  378.     Loreya 
trinitensis  Crueg.   in  Linnsea  xx.  108  (1847)  ;   Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W. 
Ind.  245.     L.   fasciculiflora  Nand.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xviii. 
110  (1852).     Henriettea  grandifolia   Macf.   Jam.  ii.   76  (1850). 
Type  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn.     (Fig.  141,  D-G.) 

Browne !  Jobs  Hill,  St.  Mary,  McNab  !  above  Fort  Stewart,  Purdie  ! 
Wilson !  south-eastern  foothills  of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  d; 
Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,678.— Trinidad,  Venezuela. 

Shrub,  10-20  ft.  high.  Leaves  2-3*5  dm.  1.,  elliptical,  subsessile,  apex 
obtuse,  nmcronate,  base  long,  narrow,  usually  ending  in  auricles,  3-pli- 
nerved  with  union  of  nerves  3-4 '5  cm.  above  base,  with  a  marginal  pair 
and  an  obscure  nerve,  usually  entire,  glabrous,  but  at  base  of  leaves 
beneath  and  along  midrib  and  nerves  with  short  adpressed  hairs  swollen 
below.  Pedicels  usually  3-7,  *  5-1  •  5  cm.  1.  Floicer -parts  in  fives.  Calyx 
4  mm.  L,  truncate.  Petals  8-10  mm.  L,  white,  roundish  or  irregularly 
oblong,  apiculate  or  somewhat  obtuse.  Anthers  4  mm.  1.  Stigma  conical, 
5-ridged.  Berry  pulpy,  subglobose,  5-6  rnm.  in  diam.  Seed  -8  mm.  L, 
somewhat  helmet-shaped,  the  base  like  an  inverted  dish  bearing  numerous 
short  flat  epidermal  outgrowths  which  protrude  when  wetted. 

2.  H.  Maefadyenii   Triana  in   Trans.   Linn.  Soc.  .c.i-viii.   143 
(1871);   Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  1040;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  4<)-~>. 

Locality  in  Jamaica  not  given,  Macfadyen  ! — Porto  Rico. 

Tree,  25-60  ft.  high  ;  branchlets  acutely  4-cornered.  Leaves  8-14  cm.  1., 
narrowly  elliptical,  apex  shortly  acuminate,  base  acute,  3-plinerved  with 
an  obscure  marginal  pair,  glabrous,  papery ;  petioles  1-2  cm.  1.  Pedicels 
5-8  mm.  1.  Fhwer-p&rta  in  fours  or  fives.  Calyx  subhemispherical, 
2  mm.  1. ;  the  narrow  limb  spreading. 

3.  H.   faseicularis    T/iana   in   Trans.  Linn.   Sue.   .r.ci-i/i.    143 
(1871)  ;   Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  1042.      Melastoma  fascicularis 
Sw.  Prodr.  71  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  801.      Henriettea  ramiflora 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  75  (non  DC.).     Ossaea  fascicularis  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  246  (1860).     Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Stockholm. 


FI.OKA   OF  .1 IMAICA  Henriettella 


Wright\  Massonl    Swarts]   Guys  liill.  St.  Thomas  in  Vale, 

l\i'\v    I 'ark.    I'urdii'l    Monea^iu1,   J'nnrl     Hopeton,    \\Vstniuivland;     Ti 
L500  i        i  Mt..  Clarendon,  2500  ft;    Harris\    PL  Jam.  7<)<J1,  sr,7;». 

11. •_'•">(».  -1'iiha.  1  lispaniola,  I'<>rt<>  ilico. 

7V.  i")  ft.  high ;    young  branchleN  and  prtio].-,  densely  covered 

with    hristle-like   hairs.      Leaves  s   ]ti  cm.   ].,  elliptical,  shortly  acuminate 

>oth  ends,  :-3-pliner\vd  with  a  marginal  pair,  entire,  hispid  on   both  si 
especially  on  the  midrib  and  nerves,  papery;  petioles  '7-1-5  cm.  1.    J' 
3-6  mm.   1.      /'7</,v<v-purts   in   fours.      CV//.V  -'•">  :'•    mm.   1.,    bell-shaped, 
obscurely   l-toothed.     Petals  white,  4  mm.  1..  triangular-lanceolate,  i' 
acuminate.      AntJicrs   2'5   mm.    1.       Style   5-0   mm.   1.  ;    stigma  scarcely 
thicker  than  style.    Berry  subglobose,  black,  0-7  mm.  1.     Seeds  1'5  mm.  1. , 
ovoid,  granulate. 

16.  OSSvEA  DC. 

Shrubs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  stalked  or  rarely  ?>  in  a 
whorl,  3-plinerved  in  Jamaican  species,  but  3-nerved  in  0.  Itirtella. 
Flowers  usually  small,  in  cymes  or  panicles  which  are  often 
clustered,  axillary  or  rarely  terminal,  few-flowered.  Flower- 
parts  in  fours  in  Jamaican  species,  except  0.  asperifolla — in  fives. 
Calyx-limb  usually  prolonged,  with  mouth  truncate  or  lobed. 
Petals  ovate-acuminate,  lanceolate,  or  awl-shaped,  generally 
cohering  in  bud  into  a  cone.  Stamens  twice  as  many  us  petals  : 
anthers  usually  linear,  sometimes  oblong,  with  one  pore  ;  con- 
nective not  or  very  shortly  prolonged  below  the  cells,  without 
appendage  or  obscurely  spurred  or  tuberculate.  Ovary  adhering 
almost  altogether,  4(3-5 )-celled.  Berry  globose,  4(3— 5)-celled, 
usually  fleshy.  Seeds  angular,  pyramidal,  or  obovoid. 

Species  50,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  continental 
America. 

Flowers  not  in  clusters. 

Leaves  3  cm.  1.  or  less 1.  0.  mlcroplnjlla. 

Leaves  more  than  3  cm.  1. 

Leaves  3-nerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  pair. 

Pedicels  very  short  2.  O.liirtella. 

Leaves  3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  pair. 
Leaves  membranous  to  papery. 

Leaves  on  both  sides  and  young  branchlets 
with  long  slender  hairs.  Lateral  pedicels 
2  cm.  1 3.  0.  liirsuta. 

Leaves  beneath  and  young  branches  minutely 

scurfy.     Fruit  8-ribbed  4.  0.  micrantlia. 

Leaves  leathery,  with  pyramidal  tubercles  on 
upper  surface,  minute  globose  tubercles 
beneath  5.  0.  asperifolia. 

Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile,  in  clusters. 

Leaves  3-plinerved,  usually  with  one  marginal  pair. 

Calyx  shaggy  with  long  bristle-like  hairs 0.  0.  glomcrata. 

Leaves  3-plinerved,  usually  with  two  marginal  pairs. 
Calyx  with  short  hairs,  themselves  covered  with 
very  minute  hairs 7.  0.  scabrosa. 


Ossaa  MELASTOMACE.K  397 

1.  0.  mierophylla   Triana   in   Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.   146 
(1871)  ;    Co'/n.  torn.  cit.    1059.      O.  pratensis  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  48 
(1850).      Melastoma  rnicrophj-lla  Sic.  Prodr.  72  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind 
Occ.  813.       Sagrjea    microphylla   DC.   Prodr.    Hi.    171    (1828); 
Naucl.    in  Ann.    Sc.    Nat.  ser.    3,  xviii.    95 ;   Macf.  Jam.  ii.   54. 
Clidemia  mierophylla  Griseb.  Fl.  _LV.   }\ .  Ind.   248.     Type  (from 
Masson)  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

In  fl.  May  and  Nov.;  Massonl  Bertero ;  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  Mac- 
fad  yen ;  Purdiel  March  I  Dove  Hall,  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  Priori  near 
Troy,  2000  ft.  ;  road  to  Dolphin  Head,  1200  ft. ;  near  Guys  Hill,  St.  Ann, 
1800  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9090,  9247,  12,039.— Cuba. 

Shrub,  2-5  ft.  high,  with  trailing  branches,  young  branchlets  and 
petioles  densely  hirtellous  with  short  brown  hairs.  Leaves  1-3  cm.  1., 
elliptical  or  ovate,  3-plinerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  on  upper 
surface  with  short  adpressed  bristle-like  hairs,  beneath  tomentose,  nerves 
and  cross-veins  hirtellous  ;  petioles  2-3  mm.  1.  Flowers  solitary,  or  2  or  3 
together,  or  forming  a  cyme  1-2  cm.  1.,  usually  with  3  flowers,  terminal 
one  sessile,  lateral  pedicelled,  pedicels  hirtellous,  about  1  cm.  L,  thread- 
like. Calyx  hirtellous;  tube  2  mm.  L,  lobes  linear-awl-shaped,  from  a 
broad  base,  bent  outwards,  scarcely  1  mm.  1.  Petals  oblong,  acutely 
acuminate,  4  mm.  1.  Style  oblong,  apex  awl-shaped,  2'5  mm.  1.  Berry 
about  5  mm.  1.,  blue-black,  hirtellous.  Seeds  smooth,  shining,  yellow, 
pyramidal,  about  1  mm.  1. 

2.  0.  hirtella  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xxviii.  146  (1871) ; 
Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii.  1057.      Melastorna  hirtella  Sto.  Prodr. 
72  (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  810.     Sagraa  hirtella  DC.  Prodr.  Hi. 
171  (1828) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  51.     Clidemia  hirtella  Griseb.  Fl.  Br. 
W.  Ind.  249  (1860)  (non  Griseb.  Cat.  Cub.  97).      Specimens  from 
Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  May-Oct. ;  higher  nits.,  Wiles !  Swartz  \  near  Bath  ;  Cuna-Cuna 
Pass,  3000  ft. ;  Wilson  ! 

Shrub,  3-6  ft.  high,  "  with  wand-like  branches "  (Wiles) ;  young 
branchlets  and  petioles  hirsute.  Leaves  4-8  cm.  1.,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
sparsely  ciliate  with  bridle-like  hairs,  on  upper  surface  glabrous,  beneath 
sparsely  hirsute,  3-nerved  with  an  obscure  marginal  pair,  under  side  much 
lighter  than  upper;  petioles  -5-1  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  '5-1  cm.  1.,  flowers 
solitary,  or  2-3,  cymose;  pedicels  about  1  mm.  1.  Calyx  1*5  mm.  L, 
shortly  toothed.  Petals  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate,  1  mm.  1.  Berry 
2- 5  mm.  L,  globose,  hairy,  deep  purple,  4-celled. 

3.  0.  hirsuta  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.ci-iii.  146  (1871) ; 
Cogn.   torn.  cit.    1058.      Melastoma  hirsuta  Siu.  Prodr.  72  (1788), 
FL  Ind.  Occ.  811    &  Ic.  incd.   t.  40.      Sagnea  hirsuta  DC.  Prodr. 
ii'.   .71  (1828);  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  55.      Clidemia  hirsuta  Grixeb.  Fl. 
Br.  W.  Ind.  248.      Specimens  from  Swartz  in  Herb.   Mus.  Brit, 
and  Herb.  Stockholm. 

In  fl.  Nov.-Jau. ;  hills  above  hot  springs,  Bath,  Sic<r,-t~l  near  Bath, 
M'< i.cfadycn I  Port  Royal  Mts.,  I'ltrdicl  }\'tl  <>n  !  between  Bath  and  Cuna- 
Cuna  Pass,  Harris  tO  Britton\  Fl  Jam.  10,54>. 

Shrub,  2-4  ft.  high,  with  straggling  branches;  young  brauchlets, 
petioles,  and  peduncles  hirsute  with  long  slender  purplish  hairs.  Leaves 


:'.9S  FLORA  OF   .JAMAICA  a>a 

5-9  cm.  1.,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  base  rounded,  often  oblique,  3-plinerved 
with  a  marginal  pair  which  does  not  reach  the  apex,  on  both  sidt-s  with 
long  slender  hairs  (not  tuberculatc),  beneath  especially  on  nerves  and 
veins,  subentire ;  petioles  '5-l'5  cm.  1.  CI/HU-H  1-3  cm.  1.,  few-flowered, 
terminal  flower  subsessile,  with  2  long-pedicellcd  lateral  flowers  or  with 
"2  branches  springing  from  just  below  it,  each  with  1  or  3  floweis.  Cali/.r 
very  hirsute :  tube  ovoid,  about  3  mm.  1. ;  lobes  linear-awl-shaped,  about 
5  mm.  1.  Petals  white,  Bcrnj  hairy,  black-purple. 

4.  0.  micrantha   31<tcf.  Jam.  ii.  49  (1850);  Coyn.  tout.  cit. 
1066.     Melastoma  micrantha  Sic.  Prodr.  71    (1788)  &  Fl.  Ind. 
Occ.  803.       Octopleura  micrantha  Griseb.  FL  Br.    W.  Ind.   260 
(1860);   Triana  torn.  cit.  146.     Specimens  from  Swartz  in  Herb. 
Mus.  Brit,  and  Herb.  Stockholm 

Swartsl  Wiles;  Ginger  Hill,  St.  Elizabeth;  St.  George;  Purdie\ 
Manchioneal,  2000  ft.,  Wilsonl  Prior;  between  Bath  and  Cuna-Cuna 
Pass;  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts,,  slope  below  big  level ;  Harris  &  Britton  \ 
Fl.  Jam.  10,556,  10,695. — Central  America,  Venezuela,  Ecuador,  Peru. 

Shrub  6-10  ft.  high,  or  tree  15  ft. ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  peduncles, 
and  calyx  slightly  scurfy.  Leaves  *5-l'5(-2)  dm.  1.,  elliptical  or  narrowly 
elliptical,  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  base  usually  acute,  membranous, 
margin  wavy  or  subentire,  sometimes  with  minute  teeth,  3-plinerved  with 
a  marginal  pair,  glabrous  above,  slightly  scurfy  on  nerves  and  veins 
beneath;  petioles  '5-3  5  cm.  1.  Panicles  3-5  cm.  1.,  branches  spreading^ 
pedicels  3-4  mm.  1.  Calyx  bell-shaped,  2  mm.  1.,  4-toothed.  Petals  white 
with  a  crimson  spot  at  base,  lanceolate,  3-4-5  mm.  1.  Berry  flattened- 
subglobose,  4  mm.  thick,  8-ribbed,  "when  ripe  snow-white,  pellucid" 
(Macfadyen). 

5.  0.   asperifolia    Triana    in   Trans.  Linn.    Soc.   xxviii.    147 
(1871)  (excl.  syn.  Griseb.  &  hab.  Cuba].     O.  Eggersiana  Urb.  in 
Fedde  Itep.  xvii.  406  (1921).     Clidemia  asperifolia  Naud.  op.  cit. 
xv ii.  342  (1852).     C.  hirsuta  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  45  (1850).     C.  lima 
Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Ind.  249  (1860)  (non  DC.).    Leandra  Eggersiana 
Cocjn.  in  DC.  Honogr.  vii.  641  (1891).     (Fig.  143.) 

High  mountains,  Wiles !  Macfadyen !  Purdie  \  Quashi  Hill,  about 
5000  ft.,  Eggers  ;  Silver  Hill  Gap,  3500  ft.,  Harris  !  south-eastern  foothills 
of  John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  Harris  &  Britton  I  Fl.  Jam.  6292,  10,682, 
10,773;  Trafalgar,  Portland,  Miss  J.  E.  Perkins  ! — Cuba. 

Shrub  4-8  ft.  or  tree  15-25  ft.  high;  young  branchlets,  nerves  of  leaves 
beneath,  petioles,  and  peduncles  densely  covered  with  adpressed  brown 
bristle-like  hairs,  thickened  below,  usually  not  tuberculate.  Leaves  4-8 
cm.  1.,  elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  base  subacute,  with  minute  teeth, 
3-plinerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  on  upper  surface  with  pyramidal  tubercles, 
sometimes  sharp-pointed,  beneath  with  minute  globose  tubercles,  some- 
times pointed,  network  of  veins  very  prominent;  petioles  '5-l'5(-2)  cm.  1. 
Cymes  paniculate,  terminal,  and  axillary  to  the  uppermost  pair  of  leaves, 
3-4  cm.  1.,  with  clusters  of  3  or  more  subsessile  flowers  at  end  of 
branches  of  inflorescence.  Floicer-pa.rts  in  fives.  Calyx  :  tube  3-3 '5 
mm.  1.,  covered  with  sharp-pointed  tubercles;  lobes  5,  blunt,  about  1  mm.  1. 
Petals  ovate,  acuminate,  3-4  mm.  1.  Anthers  :  connective  at  base  shortly 
spurred.  Ovary  5-celled. 

O.  lima  Triana  has  been  reported  from  Jamaica ;  it  was  first  described 
from  a  specimen  from  Hispaniola.  It  also  occurs  in  Cuba,  but  we  have 


Osscea 


MELASTOMACE/E 


399 


D 


Fig.  143. — Osscea  asperifolia  Triana. 

A,  Portion  of  flowering  branch  with        C,  Stamen  x  11. 

leaves  and  inflorescence  X  §.  D,  Fruit  cut  lengthM-i.se  X  11. 

B,  Flower  X  4.  E,  Seed  X  24. 

not  seen  any  specimen  from  Jamaica.  The  under  side  of  the  leaves  differs 
from  0.  asperifolia  Tr.  in  not  having  the  minute  globose  tubercles,  but 
is  grey-scaly  with  a  very  prominent  network  of  veins. 

6.  0.  glomerata  Triana  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  .c.vviii.  146 
(1871)  ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  vii  1059.  Sagrtea  glomerata  Nau<L 
in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  ser.  3,  xviii.  96  (1852).  S.  scabrosa  Naud.  tow. 
cit.  97  (excl.  syn.).  Clidemia  scabrosa  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind. 
248  (1860)  (in  part). 

In  fl.  Sept.-Dec. ;  Wiles !  Port  Royal  and  St.  David,  mts.,  Macfadyenl 
near  Dove  Hall,  St.  Thomas  in  Vale,  Prior !  Old  England,  Blue  Mt>.. 
3500  ft.  ;  Iron  Face,  Chester  Vale,  3000  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  6470, 
10,028. 

Slender  sJirub,  4-10  ft.  high;  young  branchlets  and  petioles  with  long, 
purplish,  thickish  hairs.  Leaves  4-10  cm.  L,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  apex 
acute  or  blunt,  base  blunt  or  subrounded,  3-plinerved  with  1  or  li 
marginal  pairs,  obscurely  crenulate,  on  upper  surface  with  short  tuber- 
culate  bristle-like  hairs,  beneath  more  or  less  densely  hirtellous,  tornentose, 
two  of  a  pair  sometimes  somewhat  unequal;  petioles  '5-1' 5  cm.  1. 
Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile,  several  forming  a  globose  cluster.  Cab/.'- 
shaggy  with  long  bristle-like  hairs  minutely  tuberculate  at  base ;  tube 
2-2-5  mm.  1.  ;  lobes  linear-awl-shaped,  2-2-5  mm.  1.  1  etals  white,  ovate 
or  lanceolate,  acuminate,  2-3  mm.  1.  Style  3  mm.  1. 


I  MO  FLU  I, 'A    or    .1  AM  A  H  A  Osscbd 

7.  0.  scabrosa  DC.  Pnxlr.  Hi.  169  (iSi'S;  ;  11,,,-f.  Jam.  /'/.  47  : 
'  "in.  font-  clt.  10GO.  Melastoma  subhirsuta  etc.  Itruirnt-  7//W. 
Jam.  219,  /.  24,  /.  3.  M.  scabrosa  /,.  ,s>-/.  1022  (17.V.J)  ,v 
J///<»//.  r.  37*;  Siv.  Ob*.  171.  SauTira  Lindciiiana  Naud.  tout. 
cit.  IM',  (1852).  Clidnuia  scabrosa  #rae&.  J-V.  Jir.  W.  Lid.  248 
(1860)  (in  part).  Type  from  Browne  in  Herb.  Linn. 

In  fl.  Nov.,  Dec.;  Browne  \  Sicartz\  Sulphur  river,  Bath,  Macfadyen] 
Wilton]  b<jt  \\vcii  Bath  and  the  hot  springs,  Harris  ttf  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam. 
10,570.— Cuba. 

SJirub,  3-12  ft.  high;  young  branchlets  and  petioles  densely  covered 
with  long  thickish  hairs,  themselves  bearing  very  minute  hairs.  Lcarr* 
4-13  cm.  1.,  ovate,  somewhat  acuminate  with  blunt  apex,  base  rounded 
or  emarginate,  3-plinerved  with  2  pairs  of  nerves  below,  not  reaching 
apex,  crenulate,  on  upper  surface  with  short  tuberculate  bristle-like  hairs, 
beneath  pitted,  hirtellous  on  nerves  and  veins,  two  of  a  pair  often  very 
unequal ;  petioles  2-6  cm.  1.  Flowers  sessile,  6-10,  closely  clustered  in 
axils,  sometimes  at  nodes  that  have  dropped  their  leaves.  Calyx  with 
similar  hairs  to  stem,  purplish ;  tube  2  mm.  1. ;  lobes  triangular  at  base, 
1-1 -5  mm.  1.  Petals  lanceolate,  acuminate,  2  mm.  1.,  white  tinged  with 
purple.  Style  crimson,  3  mm.  1.  Berry  globose,  hirsute,  4-celled. 

17.  BLAKEA  L. 

Shrubs  erect  or  climbing.  Leaves  subsessile  or  stalked,  large, 
somewhat  leathery,  elliptical  or  oblong,  acuminate,  subentire,  3-7- 
nerved,  the  transverse  veins  very  numerous  and  close  together. 
Flowers  rather  large,  axillary,  solitary  or  clustered  ;  bracteoles 
4-6,  opposite  in  pairs,  forming  an  involucre.  Calyx,  limb 
6-lobed.  Petals  6.  Stamens  12 ;  anthers  with  2  pores,  con- 
nective very  thick,  prolonged  into  a  spur.  Ovary  adhering  to 
the  base  of  the  calyx,  4-6-celled.  Ovules  numerous  in  the  cells, 
on  thick  placentas  fixed  at  the  interior  angle  of  the  cell.  Berry 
fleshy.  Seeds  ovoid-pyramidal. 

Species  38,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  Venezuela,  Colombia,, 
and  Peru. 

Leaves   5-14    cm.    1.,    elliptical    to   roundish-elliptical. 

Flowers  rosy,  crimson,  or  purple;  4-8  cm.  across...  1.  B.  trincrvia. 
Leaves  10-19  cm.  1.,  ovate  to  broadly  elliptical.    Flowers 

white,  6-8  cm.  across 2.  B.  Urbaniana. 

I.  B.  trinervia  L.  Syst.  ed.  10,  1044  (1759),  Arncen.  v.  379  & 
Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  635  (1762);  Sw.  Obs.  188;  A.  Eobinson  Ic.  ined. ; 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  451  ;  Tussac  FL  Ant.  Hi.  86,  t.  24  (t.  24  is  a  copy  of 
Browne's  drawing,  badly  coloured) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  95  ;  Gnseb. 
FL  ~Br.  W.  Ind.  263  (as  B.  trinervis) ;  Cogn.  in  DC.  Monogr.  mi. 
1071.  B.  fruticosa  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  323,  t.  35.  Specimen 
in  Herb.  Linn.,  name  in  Solander's  hand. 

Jamaica  Rose. 

In  fl.  throughout  the  year;  Wright  \  Massonl  Bertcro ;  St.  Mary; 
St.  Georges  Gap,  Blue  Mts. ;  McNabl  Moneague,  Priori  J.P.  656,  Morris 


Elakea 


MELASTOMACELdB 


401 


between  Claremount   and   Moneague,   Fawcettl   near  Woodcutters'  Gap, 
4000  ft.  •  near  Troy,  1500-2000  ft. ;  Amity  Hall,  St.  Ann,  1400  ft. ;  Harry 
Fl.  Jam.  6435,  8535,  8648,  12,029;  Hardware  Gap,  4000  ft.,  G.  E.  Nichols  \ 
near  Troy,  Miss  J.  E-  Perkins ! 

Shrub  climbing  on  trees ;  young  branchlets,  petioles,  nerves  of  leaves 
beneath,  and  peduncles  with  thick  brown  hairs  or  minute  scales.     Leaves 


Fig.  144. — Blakea  trinervia  L. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  and        B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  with  petals 
flowers  X  '-.  and  hracteoles  removed  X  1J. 

(',  stamens,  various  views,  x  I1. 

5-10  cm.  1.,  3-5  cm.  br.,  narrowly  elliptical  or  elliptical,  shortly  and 
abruptly  acuminate,  base  rounded  or  obtuse,  3-plinerved  or  3-nerved  with 
a  marginal  pair,  glabrous  on  both  sides  except  nerves  beneath ;  petioles 
1-3  cm.  1.  Flowers  solitary;  peduncles  3-6  cm.  1.  Bracteolcs  roundish, 
with  powdery-stellate  scales,  puberulous,  or  glabvate,  margin  above  the 
middle  tomentose,  with  many  longitudinal  nerves,  rigid,  l-5-2  cm.  1. 
V.  2  D 


402  FLORA   OK   .IAMAH  A  Blakea 

Calyx  crimson,  lobes  tomentosc  near  apex,  2-4  mm.  1.,  obtuse.  Petals 
2'5-3'5  cm.  1.,  of  a  bright  crimson.  Filaments  crimson;  anthers  yellow. 
1-5  cm.  I.,  crimson. 


Var.  Normanii  Faicc.  <0  Ib-ndlr  in  Joiirn.  Hot.  Ixiv.  10") 
(1920):  leaves  10-14  cm.  1.,  rrf)-^-:}  cm.  br.,  elliptical  to 
roundish-elliptical  ;  petals  smaller,  about  2  cm.'  1.,  purple. 
Hcv.  J.  Waters  I  Maude  ville,  Norman  \ 

•2.  B.  Urbaniana  Cogn.  in  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  vi.  27  (1909). 

Between  Askenish  and  Dolphin  Head,  900-2000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam. 
9244,  10,274. 

Shrub  climbing  on  trees;  young  branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles  with 
brown  powdery  scales  or  short  slender  hairs.  Leaves  10-19  cm.  1., 
5-9  cm.  br.,  ovate  to  ovate-elliptical,  somewhat  abruptly  and  shortly 
acuminate,  base  rounded,  3-plinerved  or  3-nerved  with  a  marginal  pair,  on 
both  sides  glabrous  or  beneath  at  base  very  slightly  puberulous  ; 
petioles  2-4  cm.  1.  Flowers  solitary  ;  peduncles  1-3  cm.  1.  Bracts  broadly 
elliptical-ovate,  outside  sparsely  powdery-stellate-puberulous  or  glabrate, 
with  many  longitudinal  nerves,  rigid,  1-5-2  cm.  1.  Calyx  broadly 
hemispherical,  1'5  cm.  br.,limb  wavy-lobed,  lobes  apiculate.  Petals  white, 
ovate-lanceolate,  3'5  cm.  1.  Style  2  cm.  1. 

18.  MOURIRIA  Juss. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees,  glabrous.  Leaves  sessile  or  shortly 
stalked,  entire,  one-nerved  or  somewhat  pinnate-nerved,  very 
rarely  subtrinerved.  Inflorescence  axillary.  Flowers  small, 
parts  usually  in  fives.  Calyx-limb  cup-shaped,  lobed  or  truncate. 
Petals,  apex  acute  or  acuminate.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the 
petals,  usually  exserted  ;  anther-cells  with  2  pores  or  chinks, 
connective  more  or  less  prolonged  below  the  cells,  thickened  and 
laterally  compressed  and  forming  a  spur,  with  a  gland  at  the 
middle  of  the  back.  Ovary  inferior,  usually  2-5-celled  ;  ovules 
2  or  more  in  each  cell,  inserted  side  by  side  at  the  inner  angle. 
Berry  globose,  drupe-like,  with  1-4  seeds,  often  crowned  by  the 
calyx-limb.  Seeds  roundish,  coat  often  adhering  to  the  cell  ; 
cotyledons  thick,  plano-convex,  radicle  small. 

Species  51,  natives  of  tropical  continental  America  and  of 
the  West  Indies,  one  only  in  Jamaica. 

M.  myrtilloides  Poir.  in  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  xxxiii.  163  (1824); 
Macf.  Jam.  ii.  11:  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  243;  Cogn.  in  DC. 
Monogr.  vii.  1125  ;  Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  viii.  504.  Myrti  folio  arbor 
cortice  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  162  &  Hist.  ii.  78,  t.  187,  f.  3.  Arbor 
foliis  cordatis  myrtineis  &c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  370?  Petaloma 
myrtilloides  Sw.  Prodr.  73  (1788)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  833,  t.  14. 
Specimens  from  Swartz  from  Hispaniola  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 
and  Herb.  Stockholm.  (Fig.  145.) 

Sloane  Herb.  vi.  69!  Wright  \  Lindsay  !  Wilson  !  March;  Moneague, 
Prior  1  between  Four  Paths  and  Clarendon  Park,  Harris  &  Britton  \ 


Mouriria 


MELASTOMACE.-E 


403 


Peckham,  Clarendon.  2500^  ft.,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  10,029,  11,097.— Cuba, 
Hispaniola. 

Tree  or  shrub,  12-25  ft.  high,  with  slender  branches.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  1., 
lanceolate,  apes  acute,  base  rounded  or  subcordate,  somewhat  oblique, 
one-nerved,  subsessile  or  sessile.  Flowers  usually  solitary,  about  8  mm.  1. ; 


Fig.  145. — Mouriria  myrtilloides  Poir. 

A,  Portion    of    branch    with    leaves    and        B,  Flowercutlengthwi.se  X  2j. 

flowers  X  ->  C,  Stamens,  side  view  and  back  view,  x  7. 

pedicels  2-4  mm.  L,  with  2  bracteole?  at  the  middle.  Calyx  yellow,  bell- 
shaped ;  lobes  ovate,  acute,  spreading-reflexed,  persistent.  Petals  white. 
Stamens  yellow ;  anther-cells  as  long  a ;  the  spur.  Style  exserted.  Berry 
globose,  l-(2)-seeded. 

Melastoma  malabathrieum  L.,  an  escape  from  Castleton  Garden,  is  a 
native  of  India.  It  is  a  spreading  shrub,  6  ft.  high ;  the  5-nerved  leaves 
5-12  cm.  L,  with  hairs  on  both  sides,  the  flower-buds  enclosed  by  large 
elliptical  bracts,  and  the  large  flowers  with  mauve-purple  petals  2-3-5 
cm.  1.,  sufficiently  distinguish  it  from  native  plants  belonging  to  this 
family. 

FAMILY  XCI.     ONAGRACE^]. 

Herbs,  rarely  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate ; 
stipules  very  small  or  wanting.  Flowers  usually  hermaphrodite 
and  regular,  axillary  and  solitary  or  spicate  or  racemose  towards 
the  ends  of  the  flowering  branches,  paniculate  in  a  few.  Calyx- 
tube  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary  and  deeply  cleft  above  into 
2-4  (5-6)  valvate  lobes.  Petals  generally  2-4  (sometimes  wanting 
in  Ludwigia},  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  disk  (when  present), 
twisted  in  bud,  soon  falling.  Stamens  usually  1-8,  inserted  witli 
the  petals,  in  1  or  2  series,  the  second  series  sometimes  without 
anthers.  Anthers  opening  towards  the  centre.  Disk  epigvnous. 

2   D   2  ' 


404  FLOKA   OF   JAMAICA  Jussicua 

Ovary  inferior,  usually  4-celled  (3-6-celled  in  Ludwigia).  Ovules 
numerous  in  the  cells,  sometimes  solitarv.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a 
berry  in  Fiu-hnni,  or  nut-like,  septicidally  or  loculicidally  4-valved, 
valves  separating  from  the  axis  t<>  which  the  seeds  are  attached. 
Seeds  numerous  (few  or  solitary),  usually  small  ;  endosperm 
wanting  or  a  very  thin  layer.  Embryo  usually  obovoid,  cotyle- 
dons compressed,  plano-convex,  radicle  small,  short,  straight. 

Species  about  470,   dispersed  everywhere  through  the   tem- 
perate regions  of  the  whole  world,  rarer  in  the  tropics. 

Calyx-tube   not   or   scarcely   prolonged   beyond    the   ovary. 
Capsule  septicidal. 

Stamens  twice  the  number  of  petals 1.  Jussieua. 

Stamens  the  same  number  as  petals 2.  Ludwigia. 

Calyx-tube  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary.     Stamens  twice  the 
number  of  petals. 

Capsule  loculicidal 3 .  (Enotli era. 

Berry  pulpy 4.  Fuchsia. 

1.  JUSSIEUA  L. 

Herbs,  rarely  shrubs,  very  rarely  small  trees ;  usually  growing 
in  wet  places,  sometimes  floating.  Leaves  alternate,  membranous, 
entire  (serrate  in  J.  sedoides)  •  stipules  '2,  very  small.  Flowers 
yellow  or  white,  axillary,  solitary ;  peduncle  with  2  bracteoles 
at  the  apex,  which  are  usually  small  or  represented  by  glands, 
conspicuous  or  somewhat  leafy  in  J.  peruviana.  Calyx-tube 
not  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary ;  lobes  4-6,  acute,  persistent. 
Petals  4-6,  inserted  under  the  margin  of  an  epigynous  disk, 
spreading.  Disk  4-5-lobed,  lobes  hairy.  Stamens  twice  as 
many  as  the  petals,  inserted  with  them.  Ovary  4-5(6)-celled  ; 
style  simple  ;  stigma  4-6-lobed  ;  ovules  indefinite,  inserted  at  the 
interior  angle  of  the  cells,  placentas  often  prominent.  Capsule 
terete  or  with  4-12  angles  or  ribs,  4-6-celled,  crowned  by  the 
calyx-lobes  and  disk,  loculicidally  and  septicidally  4-5-valved, 
valves  decaying  and  leaving  8-10  persistent  ribs.  Seeds  usually 
numerous,  affixed  to  the  margins  of  the  valves  or  to  placentas 
separating  from  the  valves  ;  cotyledons  obtuse  ;  radicle  short. 

Species  40,  natives  of  the  tropics,  especially  in  America. 

§  1.  Capsule  obconical.  Seeds  very  numerous,  in 
several  series,  horizontal,  narrowly  ellipsoidal,  with 
a  slightly  or  scarcely  prominent  raphe. 

Plant  shrubby,  erect 1.   J.  peruviana. 

Plant  floating 2.  J.  sedoides. 

§  2.  Capsule  prismatic,  4-cornered.     Seeds  as  above  ....  3.  J.  erecta. 
§  3.  Capsule    subcylindrical   or    obscurely   5-cornered. 
Seeds  in  one  series  in  the  cells,  narrowly  ellipsoidal, 
surrounded  by  thick  corky  endocarp. 

Plant  herbaceous  or  somewhat  woody,  erect 4.  J.  leptocarpa. 

Plant  creeping  or  floating 5.  J.  repens. 


Jussieua  ONAGRACE^E  405 

§  4.  Capsule  cylindrical.  Seeds  in  several  series,  with 
a  very  large  raphe  simulating  an  empty  cell  attached 
to  the  seed,  the  whole  externally  flattened-sub- 
spherical  with  a  groove 6.  J.  suffruticosa. 

(Seeds  should  be  perfectly  ripe,  especially  in  No.  6,  when  used  in 
the  Key.) 

§  1.  Capsule  obconical.  Seeds  very  numerous  in  the  cells,  in 
several  series,  narrowly  ellipsoidal,  slightly  curved,  with 
a  slightly  or  scarcely  prominent  raphe. 

1.  J.  peruviana  L.  Sp.  PI.  388  (1753);  Mich,  in  Fl  Bras. 
xiii.  pt.  2,  151  ;  Millsp.  in  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Bot.  ii.  81  ;    Urb. 
Symb.  Ant.   iv.   466   &  viii.   505;   Fa  we.    hi  Journ.   Bot.  Ixiv.   13 
(1926).     J.  hirta  Sw.  Obs.  143  (1791) ;  Vahl  Eclog.  ii,  31  ;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  30 ;   Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  273.     J.  grandiflora  Buiz  d- 
Pav.  Ic.  t.  382.     J.  macrocarpa  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  ft1  Sp.  vi.  102, 
t.  533  (1824).     J.  speciosa  Ridl.  in  Journ.  Bot.  lix.  259  (1921) 
(excl.  syn.  Tliwaites).     Lysimachia.  .  .major  etc.  Sloane  Cat.  85  & 
Hist.  i.  201,  t.   127,  /.  3.      Onagra  laurifolia  ifcc.   Feuillee  Journ. 
Obs.  ii.  716,  t.  9  (1714).    CEnothera  assurgens  hirsuta  &c.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  208.     GE.  hirsuta  &c.  Plum.  PL  Amer.  (Burm.)  t.  174, 
/.   2.      CE.  hirta  L.  Syst.  ed.   10,   998  (1759)  &  Amoen.  v.  378. 
Jussie  herissee  Descourt.  Fl.  Ant.  vi.  28,  t.  388. 

Sloane  Herb.  Hi.  125 !  Wright !  Wag  Water,  McNdb !  Hodges,  St. 
Elizabeth,  Purdiel  Ocho  Bios  ;  Moneague;  Priori  Port  Antonio,  Hitch- 
cock ;  also  Millspaugh ;  Charlton ;  Hollis  savanna,  2400  ft. ;  Harris !  Fl. 
Jam.  8514,  12,252 ;  near  Falmouth,  Miss  Moulton  Barrett  \  near  Troy, 
2000  ft.,  Miss  J.  E.  Perkins  !  Millbank,  Portland,  Norman  !— Florida, 
Cuba,  Is.  of  Pines,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Trinidad,  trop.  cont.  Amer. 

Snrnb,  5-10  ft.  high,  erect,  hairy.  Leaves  6-10  cm.  1.,  broadly  lanceo- 
late, entire,  acute  at  both  ends ;  petioles  1-4  mm.  1.  Pedicel  about 
1  cm.  1.  in  fl.  Bracteoles  8-13  mm.  1.,  sometimes  somewhat  leafy.  Flowers 
bright  yellow,  large ;  parts  in  fours,  occasionally  in  fives.  Calyx-lobes 
triangular-ovate,  acuminate,  9-12  mm.  1.,  later  to  16  mm.  1.  Petals  about 
twice  longer  than  the  calyx-lobes,  roundish,  emarginate,  with  a  short 
claw.  Capsule  2-2 '5  cm.  1.  Seeds  -6-'S  mm.  1. 

2.  J.  sedoides  Humb.  <f-  Bonpl.  PI.  Equin.  i.  13,  /.  3,  A  (1805) ; 
Griseb.  Fl  Br.  W.  Intl.  272  ;  Midi,  in  Fl.  Bras,  xiii  pt.  2,  158. 

Ponds,  St.  Elizabeth,  Purdie  !  Lacovia ;  between  New  Market  and  Dar- 
liston,  800  ft. ;  Shettlewood,  500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7243,  9872,  11,646.- 
Panama,  Ecuador,  Brazil,  Peru,  Paraguay. 

Herb  growing  in  ponds,  floating,  with  long  slender  roots  at  the  nodes. 
Leaves  becoming  crowded  at  the  top  of  the  stern ;  lirnb  7-14  mm.  1.  & 
br.,  rhomboidal,  toothed  on  upper  edges,  entire  below;  petioles  2-6  cm.  1. 
Flowers  yellow ;  parts  in  fours ;  peduncle  12-25  mm.  1. ;  erect  while  in 
flower,  afterwards  spreading  or  reflexed.  Calyx-lobes  6-7  mm.  L,  ovate. 
Petals  about  twice  as  long  as  calyx-lobes,  roundish-obovate.  Capsule  12- 
18  mm.  1.,  obconical.  Seeds  "Q  mm.  1. 


400  FhOKA   OF   JAMAICA  Jussi*  tut 

$  L'.   Cni'suk1  prismatic,  4-cornercd.     Seeds  as  in  §  1. 

3.  J.  erecta  L.  Sp.  PL  388  (1753)  &  Awn.  v.  378;  Gacrtn. 
Fruct.  L  159,  /.  31;  Lam.  Encyc.  332,  III.  t.  280,  f.  2;  Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  28;  Mich,  in  FL  Bras.  xlii.  pt.  2,  1GO;  AnoU  F/.  S.E. 
U.S.  eel  2,  839  ;  Urb.  St/mb.  Ant.  iv.  467  .V  i-iti.  505 ;  Fawc.  in 
Journ.  Sot.  Lur.  11  (1926).  J.  Onagra  Mitt.  Diet,  eel  8  (17O). 
J.  acuminata  Sio.  FL  Intl.  Occ.  745  (1798)  ? ;  Jlfar/.  it.  28  ? ;  £n«?fc. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  272  (in  part);  Mich.  torn.  clt.  163  (in  note  to 
J.  Urn  folia).  (Fig.  146,  F.) 

Wright  \  St.  Mary,  McNdb\  St.  Thomas  in  East;  Westmoreland; 
Purdie  !  Wag  Water  valley,  400-6CO  ft. ;  Thompson  \  also  Harris  !  Spanish 
Town ;  Johns  Hall,  Clarendon,  2200  ft.  ;  Harris  !  PI.  Jam.  6193,  7989, 
11,874,  12,836. — Florida,  West  Indies,  trop.  cont.  America  and  Africa, 
Madagascar. 

Stem  up  to  4  ft.  high,  much  branched,  angled  obscurely  by  the  decur- 
rent  petioles,  erect,  glabrous.  Leaves  5-8  cm.  L,  8-12(-24)  mm.  br., 
narrowly  lanceolate  to  broadly  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  those 
on  the  branches  sometimes  almost  linear,  roughish  on  the  margin  and 
sometimes  on  the  nerves  above ;  petiole  2-5  mm.  1.  Floicers  small,  sub- 
sessile  or  sessile  ;  parts  in  fours.  Calyx-lobes  lanceolate-ovate,  4-5  mm.  1. 
Petals  obovate-elliptical,  as  long  as  or  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx-lobes. 
Capsule  about  1'5  cm.  1.,  about  3  mm.  br.  Seeds  *4-'5  mm.  1. 

Micheli  (torn.  cit.  163)  includes  J.  acuminata  Sw.  as  he  has  seen  a 
specimen  from  Swartz  "in  herbario  Candolleano  " ;  Urban  does  so  also, 
as  he  has  seen  a  specimen  from  Swartz  in  Hb.  Holm,  which  appears  to 
him  to  be  only  a  juvenile  form.  Swartz  describes  the  species  as  with 
stem  6  inches  high,  not  branched,  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  petals  ovate, 
acuminate,  capsule  base  acuminate,  seeds  roundish.  Macfadyen  gives  a 
similar  description,  but  we  have  not  seen  any  specimen  to  correspond. 
J.  acuminata  of  Benth.  in  Hook.  Jn.  Bot.  ii.  316  (1840),  of  Oliv.  Fl.  Tr. 
Africa  ii.  489,  of  C.  Wright  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  478,  also  of  Griseb. 
(I.e.  in  part)  are  J.  linifolia'V&hl. 

§  3.  Capsule  subcylindrical  or  obscurely  5-cornered.  Seeds 
in  one  series  in  the  cells,  narrowly  ellipsoidal,  surrounded 
by  thick  corky  endocarp. 

4.  J.  leptoearpa  Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.  i.  279  (May,  1818); 
0.  Wright  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  477  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2, 
838 ;  Urb.  Sijnib.  Ant.  iv.  467  &  viii.  505.  J.  variabilis  Mey. 
Prim.  FL  Esseq.  174  (Sept.  1818);  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  272. 
J.  pilosa  E.  B.  &  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  vi.  101,  it.  532  a  &  b 
(1823) ;  Mich,  in  FL  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  2,  164.  (Fig.  146,  H.) 

Distin ;  Wullsclilaegel ;  March;  Moneague,  Prim- 1  Port  Antonio, 
Hitchcock. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Martinique,  Guadeloupe, 
Grenada,  Trinidad,  trop.  and  temp.  cont.  America,  trop.  Africa,  Mada- 
gascar. 

Plant  somewhat  shrubby,  pubescent  or  glabrous,  2-6  ft.  high  ;  branches 
spreading,  angled.  Leaves  on  stem  6-15  cm.  L,  on  branches  often  as  vshort 
as  2-5  cm.  L,  lanceolate,  tapering  towards  the  subsessile  base.  Flowers 
shortly  stalked;  parts  in  fives  (4-6).  Calyx-lobes  4-6  mm.  L,  ovate- 
lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Petals  about  as  long  as  calyx-lobes, 


Jussieua  ONAGRACEJ:  407 

obovate.  Stamens  unequal,  those  opposite  the  petals  shorter.  Capsule 
2*5—4  cm.  L,  endocarp  corky,  enclosing  the  seed,  forming  a  horseshoe- 
shaped  cell  round  each,  but  leaving  it  free  and  exposed  above  and  below. 
Seeds  *7  mm.  1. 

5.  J.  repens  L.  Sp.  PL  388  (1753);  Sw.  Obs.  172;  Ruiz  d- 
Pav.  Ic.  ined.  iv.  t.  382,  fig.  b. ;  Hook.  Bot.  Misc.  iii.  Suppl.  t.  40  ; 
Griscb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  272  ;  Midi,  in  FL  Bras.  xiii.  pt.  2,  166, 
t.  34,  f.  2  ;   Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  iv.  468  &  viii.  506  ;  Fa  we.  in  Journ. 
Bot.  Ixiv.   12  (1926).     J.  Swartziana  DC.  Prodr.  iii.  54  (1828); 
Macf.   Jam.    ii.   27.      Lysimachia   minor  etc.   Sluane    Cat.   85    et 
Hist.  i.  201,  t.  128, /.  2,  3.      (Enothera  herbacea  repens  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  208?     (Fig.  146,  G.) 

Sloane  Herb.  iii.  127 !  Brougliton !  Swartz  \  McNab !  Orange  Bay, 
Hanover,  Purdie  !  March !  Moneague,  Prior !  Port  Moraiit,  Hitchcock  ; 
Passage  Fort,  Campbell  \  Castleton,  Thompson  I — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto 
Rico,  tropics. 

Stem  creeping  in  mud,  or  floating  by  means  of  tufts  of  white  spongy 
bodies  at  nodes,  with  ascending  branches,  rooting  at  the  nodes.  Leaves 
l-4(-5)  cm.  L,  obovate,  spathulate  or  oblanceolate,  entire ;  petiole  shorter 
than  limb.  Flowers  yellow,  solitary,  axillary ;  parts  in  fives  ;  pedicels 
5-8  mm.  L,  increasing  in  fruit.  Calyx-lobes,  narrowly  lanceolate  or 
sublinear,  4-5(-7)  mm.  1.  Petals  obovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  calyx- 
lobes.  Capsule  l*5-2(-3)  cm.  L,  cylindrical,  usually  10-ribbed ;  endocarp 
thick,  hard,  surrounding  the  seeds  and  united  with  them.  Seeds  2-3  mm.  1. 

§  4.  Capsule  cylindrical.  Seeds  in  several  series,  with  a 
very  large  raphe  simulating  an  empty  cell  attached  to 
the  ripe  seed,  the  whole  externally  flattened-spherical 
with  a  groove. 

6.  J.  suffrutieosa  L.  Sp.  PL  388  (1753)  (excl.  syn.) ;  Griseb. 
FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  273  ;  Mich,  in  FL  Bras,  xiii.pt.  2,  169  ;  Britt.  & 
Millsp.    Bah.    FL    310;    Fawc.   in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixiv.    12    (1926). 
J.  pubescens  L.  Sp.  PL  ed.  2,  555  (1762)  (excl.  syn.  Sloane)-, 
Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768);  Fawc.  torn.  cit.  13.     J.  erecta  Mill.  loc. 
cit.    (non  L.).     J.    hirsuta  Mill.   loc.  cit.      J.   angustifolia  Lam. 
Encyc.   iii.    331    ct   III.   t.    280,  /.    3    (1789);     Griseb.    loc.    cit. 
J.  villosa    Lam.   loc.   cit.     J.   octonervia    Lam.    torn.    cit.    332    it 
El.  t.  280, /.  1  (1789);    Macf.  Jam.  ii.  29  ;    Mich.  torn.  cit.  170, 
t.    35.     J.    octovalvis    Sw.    Obs.    142    (1791)  ;    Millttp.    in   Field 
Columb.  Mus.  Bot.  ii.  81.     J.  erecta  Su>.  Obs.  173  (1791)?  (noni.). 
J.  palustris  Hey.  Prim.  Fl.  Esscq.  173   (1818)?;   Griseb.  FL  Br. 
W.    Ind.    272.'    J.   octofila   DC.  Prodr.   Hi.   57    (1828);    Macf. 
Jam.  ii.  30.     Lysimachia.  .  .foliis  glabris   etc.   Sloane   Cat.  85   ife 
Hist.  i.  37,  t.  11,  f.  1.      (Enothera  assurgens  glabra  etc.  Browne 
Hist.  Jam.  208?    '(E.  octovalvis  Jacq.  SeL  Stirp.  Amcr.  102,  t.  70 
(1763).     (Fig.  146,  A-E.) 

Houstoun  !  Wright !  Cuming  !  Distin  \  St.  Mary,  McNab  \  Moneague, 
Prior !  March  I  near  Gordon  Town,  Ball !  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts., 


408 


FI.oKA    UK    JAMAICA 


Jiissicua 


J.P.  970,  Hart\  Yullahs  valley,  1800  ft.;  Hope,  GOO  ft.;  Harris!  Mona, 
Liguanea  plain,  GOO  ft.,  Campbell  \  Halfway  Tree,  Aliss  Woodl  Golden 
Spring,  800  ft.;  Wards  Rock,  700  ft.;  Thompson]  Port  Morant ;  Port 
Antonio  ;  Hitcltcock  ;  near  Port  Antonio,  Norman  \  Fl.  Jam.  5785,  5807, 
5869,  7G3G,  7984,  8021.— Bahamas,  West  Indies,  warmer  regions  of  the 
whole  world. 

Plant  herbaceous,  often  woody  at  base,  villous-pubescent,  puberulous, 
or  glabrous;   stem  3-4  ft.,  erect,  branching;    branchlets  angled.     Leaves 


, A 


Fig.  146. — Jussieua  suffruticosa  L. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flower, 

and  young  capsule,  x  |. 

B,  Leaf    and    ripe  capsule  with  part  of 

pericarp  removed  x  §. 

C,  Style,  enlarged. 

D,  Ovary  cut  across,  enlarged. 

E,  Seed  ;   c,   embryo ;    r,  the  hollow   en- 

larged 'raphe  ;  x  20. 


F,  Seed  of  J.  erecta  L.  ;  r,  inconspicuous 

raphe  ;  x  20. 

G,  Seed  of  J.  repens  L.  surrounded  by  e, 

endocarp,  x  20. 

II,  Seed  of  J.  leptocarpa  Nutt.  lying  loose 
in  e,  eudocarp,  x  20. 

(r,  I)  after  Fl.  Bras.) 


3-10  cm.  1.,  narrowly  lanceolate  to  elliptical-ovate,  narrowed  at  both  ends, 
acute,  membranous ;  petiole  short,  3  mm.  1.  to  about  1  cm.  1.  Flowers 
shortly  stalked,  parts  in  fours.  Calyx  hirsute  or  puberulous  with  adpressed 
hairs,  or  glabrous,  or  only  ciliate  at  base  ;  lobes  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute  or  shortly  acuminate,  5-7-nerved,  5-12  mm.  1.,  3-8  mm.  br.  Petals 
obovate-wedge-shaped,  emarginate,  sessile,  generally  half  as  long  again  or 
twice  as  long  as  calyx-lobes.  Capsule  3-4-5  cm.  L,  cylindrical,  8-ribbed; 
pedicels  -5-1  cm.  1.  Seeds  with  raphe  attached  '7  mm.  in  diam. 


2.  LUDWIGIA  L. 

Annual    or    perennial    herbs,   aquatic    in    Jamaican    species. 
Leaves  opposite  or  alternate,  usually  lanceolate,  entire.     Flowers 


Ludwigia  ONAGRA.CE^E  409 

generally  axillary,  solitary,  and  sessile  or  shortly  stalked. 
Calyx  :  tube  not  produced  above  the  ovary  ;  lobes  4  (3-5),  acute. 
Petals  4  (3-5)  or  wanting,  inserted  under  the  margin  of  a  disk. 
Stamens  4  (3-5),  inserted  with  the  petals.  Ovary  4  (o)-celled  ; 
ovules  inserted  in  indefinite  series  on  placentas  prominent  from 
the  interior  angle  of  the  cells.  Capsule  crowned  by  the 
epigynous  disk  and  the  calyx-lobes,  rounded  or  with  4-5  ribs. 
angles,  or  wings,  opening  loculicidally  by  4  valves  (in  Jamaican 
species).  Seeds  very  numerous,  minute. 

"$  Species  about  30,  mostly  Xorth  American  (3  in  Jamaica),  a 
few  in  the  Old  World. 

Leaves  alternate  ..........................................  1.  L.  viicrocarpa. 

Leaves  opposite. 

Capsule  5-7  mm.  L,  tapering  at  base  .........  2.  L.  repcns. 

Capsule  3-4  mm.  1.,  rounded  at  base  .........  3.  L.  palustris. 

1.  L.  microcarpa  Mich.  FLBor.  Am.  i.  88  (1803);  Small  FL 
S.E.  U.S.  eil   2,  836  ;  Britt.  &  Millsp.  Bali.  FL  310.     Isnardia 
microcarpa  Poir.  in  Lam.  Encyc.  Suppl.  in.  188  (1813);  Griseb. 
Fl.Br.  W.Ind.  271. 

Moneague,  Prior;  Marsh  near  Black  River,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9935.  — 
S.  U.  States,  Bahamas,  Cuba. 

Perennial  herb,  glabrous  ;  sterns  simple  or  branched,  ascending  or 
trailing,  often  stolouiferous,  becoming  woody,  young  shoots  3-angled. 
Leaves  8-15  mm.  L,  alternate,  spathulate  or  obovate-spathulate.  Flowers 
sessile.  Sepals  triangular,  acute,  about  1  nmi.  1.  Petals  wanting. 
Capsule  obconical,  about  2  mm.  1. 

2.  L.  repens   Sw.  Prodr.   33   (1788),  FL  Ind.   Occ.    273,    tv 
Icon.  t.  8  ;   Urb.  Si/ml.  Ant.   viii.   507  ;  Britt.  d  MiU*p.  Bah.  FL 
309.     Isnardia  repens  DC.  Prodr.  Hi.  60  (1828);  3Iacf.  Jam.  ii. 
31  ;   Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  TT.  Lid.  271  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  267.     I.  natans 
Small   FL    S.E.    U.S.    835    (1903).      Oldenlandia   aquatica   Arc. 
Browne    Hist.    Jam.    146.       Specimen    from    Browne    in    Herb. 
Linn.,   the  sheet  pinned  to  the  sheet  of  the  European  Isnardia 

L.     (Fig.  147.) 


Browne  \  Shakcspear  !  Masson  !  Ferry,  Purdic  !  between  Porus  and 
Clarendon  Park,  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam.  10,627.  —  Bahamas,  Cuba, 
Hispaniola,  Mexico,  Bermuda,  southern  U.S.  (Carolina  to  Florida  and 
California). 

Herb,  1-6  dm.  L,  creeping  or  floating,  glabrous,  rooting  at  the  nodes, 
simple  or  sparingly  branched.  Leaves  opposite,  elliptical,  long-tapering  at 
base  to  a  short  petiole,  about  3  cm.  1.  including  the  petiole,  1-1  •  5  cm.  br. 
Flowers  greenish-yellow.  Calyx-lobes  4  or  5,  about  2  mm.  1.  to  3  mm.  in 
fruit,  ovate-triangular,  acute.  Petals  shorter  than  the  calyx-lobes,  incon- 
spicuous. Capsule  oblorg,  tapering  slightly  at  base,  more  or  less  4-angled, 
5-7  mm.  1. 


410 


FLOKA    OF   JAMAICA 


Ludwigia 


fig.  147. — Ludwigia  repens  Sw. 

A,  Portion    of   stem  with   roots,   leaves,        B,  Flower  (stamens  and  style  drawn  from 
flower-buds,  and  flowers,  X  -5.  a  bud)  x  4. 

C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  -.  D,  Fruit  cut  across  X  2. 

3.  L.  palustris  Ell.  Sketch  i.  211  (1817);  Urb.  Symb.  Aut. 
viii.  506.  Isnardia  palustris  L.  Sp.  PL  120  (1753);  Griseb.  Fl. 
Br.  W.  Ind.  271  ;  Eeiclib.  Ic.  Germ,  xxiii.  t.  22  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E. 
U.S.  ed.  2,  835  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Berm.  266. 

Moneague,  Prior. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  N.  America,  Bermuda,  Mexico, 
Peru,  west  and  south  Europe,  trop.  and  south  Africa. 

Herb,  1-5  dm.  L,  creeping  or  floating,  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite; 
elliptical,  tapering  into  a  long  slender  petiole,  1-5-4  cm.  1.  including  the 
petiole,  -4-2  cm.  br.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile.  CaZ?/a:-lobes  triangular, 
acute.  Petals  small,  reddish,  or  usually  wanting.  Capsule  4-sided, 
slightly  longer  than  broad,  rounded  at  base,  3-4  mm.  1. 


3.  (ENOTHERA  L. 

Herbs,    rarely    small    shrubs.      Leaves   alternate.       Flowers 
axillary,  solitary,  racemose,  or  crowded  into  a  head.     Calyx-tube 


(Enotliera 


OXAGRACEJS 


411 


long,  narrow ;  sepals  4,  reflexed.  Petals  4.  Stamens  8.  Ovary 
4-celled ;  ovules  inserted  at  the  interior  angle  of  the  cell,  hori- 
zontal or  ascending.  Capsule  4-celled,  4-valved  ;  valves  with  the 
partition  in  the  middle  separating  from  the  axis  which  carries 
the  seeds.  Seeds  indefinite,  attached  to  the  axis  or  the  partitions. 
Species  between  70  and  100,  natives  of  North  and  South 
America  beyond  the  tropics,  rarer  within  the  tropics,  one  species 
native  of  Tasmania ;  a  few  aliens  from  America  in  warm  regions 
of  the  Old  World. 

§  1.  Capsule   obovoid-club-shaped   with   a   stalk-like 
base,  angles  winged,  faces  ridged,  valves  obovate. 
Petals  pink  or  purplish,  10-13  mm.  1.     Body  of 

capsule  5-10  mm.  1 (E.  rosea. 

Petals  white,  turning  reddish,  2-3  cm.  1.,  obcor- 

date.    Body  of  capsule  15-17  mm.  1 [(E.  tetraptera.~\ 

§  2.  Capsule    oblong,    cylindrical-4-cornered,    sessile, 
valves  linear.     Petals  yellow,  turning  reddish. 
Petals    roundish-obcordate.      Calyx-tube   above 

ovary  6-7  cm.  1 [(E.  longiflora.~] 

Petals  roundish-obovate.    Calyx-tube  above  ovary 

3-4  cm.  1 [(E.  Drummondii.'] 

(E.  rosea  is  probably  native.  (E.  longifiora  was  introduced  before 
Macfadyen's  time,  and  was  said  by  him  to  be  common  in  mts.  of  St.  Andrew. 
The  others  were  introduced  by  Morris  in  1884. 

(E.  rosea  Soland.  in  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  3  (1789);  Bot.  Mag. 
t,  347;  JIac/.  Jam,  ii.  26;  Gnsel.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  273  &  Cat. 


D 


Fig.  14S.—(Enothera  rosea  Soland. 
A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flower-  0,  Fruit  X  1J. 


buds,  and  flowers,  x  5. 
B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x 


T),  Seed  x  22. 


411' 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


(Enothera 


Cub.  108.  CE.  rubra  C<iv.  Icon.  iv.  68,  /.  400  (1797).  Hart- 
maunia  rosea  G.  Don  in  Sweet  Hurt.  Jirit.  ed.  3,  236  (1839)  ; 
Small  PL  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  2,  843  ;  Britt.  Fl.  Perm.  269.  Type  in 
Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  148.) 

Bancroft ;  river  courses  of  Yallabs  and  Hope ;  mts.  of  St.  Andrew,  Port 
Royal  and  St.  David ;  Macfadycn ;  Purdie ;  Clydesdale  road,  J.P.  1026, 
1334,  Morris  \  Cinchona,  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  12,340. — Cuba,  soutb  central 
United  States,  Central  America,  northern  Soutb  America  and  Peru ; 
naturalized  in  India  and  other  countries. 

A  branched  erect  plant,  8  inches  to  2  ft.  high,  woody  at  the  base, 
young  parts  puberulous.  Leaves  entire  or  toothed,  upper  generally  lanceo- 
lato,  lower  lyrate,  3-4  cm.  1.  Sepals  7-9  mm.  1.,  tube  above  the  ovary 
5-6  mm.  1.  Petals  S(-13)  mm.  L,  broadly  obovate,  pink  or  purple,  entire. 
Stigma  4-lobed.  Capsule  5-10  mm.  1.,  obovoid-club-shaped  with  a  stalk- 
like  base,  angles  winged,  faces  ridged,  valves  obovate. 

4.  FUCHSIA  L. 

^ 

Shrubs,   underskrubs,   or  small   trees.      Leaves   opposite   (or 
alternate),   sometimes    whorled  ;    stipules  very   small.      Flowers 


B 


Fig.  149. — Fuchsia  boliviana  Carr. 


A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves,  flower-       B,  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  with  the  ovary 
buds,  and  flowers,  X  f.  removed,  slightly  less  than  nat.  size. 

C,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  1J. 


Fuchsia  OXAGBACEA;  4-13 

axillary,  long-stalked,  nodding  or  pendulous,  solitary  or  clustered, 
or  rarely  racemose  or  paniculate  at  apex  of  branches.  Calyx-tube 
prolonged  far  beyond  the  ovary  into  a  4-lobed  limb.  Petals  4. 
Stamens  8.  Ovary  4-celled  ;  ovules  attached  to  the  inner  angle. 
Berry  4-celled.  Seeds  angular  or  kidney-shaped.  Embryo  with- 
out endosperm. 

Species  about  90,  natives  of  Central  and  S.  America,  and  of 
Jamaica  and  Hispauiola. 

F.  boliviana  Carr.  in  R?r.  Hortic.  .civ! it.  150,  /.  (1876). 
F.  boliviana  var.  luxuriaiis  Johnston  in  Cuntrib.  Gray  Herb.  Ix.cv. 
38  (1925).  F.  cuspidata  Faicc.  tt-  Rendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  l.ciu.  105 
(1926).  (Fig.  149.) 

Near  Woodcutters'  Gap,  4000  ft. ;  Harris  I  Cinchona  Garden  (cult.)  ; 
Harrisl  also  Downes\  Fl.  Jam.  5825,  7605;  near  St.  Helens  Gap,  Cinchona, 
4900  ft.,  Maxon  &  Killip,  571. — Bolivia,  Guatemala. 

SJirub,  18-20  ft. ;  stem,  branches,  petioles,  under  side  of  leaves, 
peduncles  and,ovary  densely  covered  with  short  soft  hairs.  Leaves  7-18  cm.  L, 
opposite  or  3-whorled,  elliptical  to  oblong-elliptical,  tapering  to  apex,  base 
blunt,  often  oblique  and  unequal-sided,  entire,  with  inconspicuous  minute 
blunt  teeth,  sparsely  puberulous  on  upper  surface,  nerves  14-24  on  each 
side ;  petioles  l-4(-6)  cm.  1.  Floiccrs  pendulous,  solitary  in  axils  of  much 
reduced  leaves  at  ends  of  branches  forming  a  terminal  coryrnbiform  raceme 
or  panicle;  peduncles  1-1  •  5  cm.  1.  Buds  mucronate  at  apex  with  cusps 
of  calyx-lobes.  Calyx  dark  red,  outside  sparsely  puberulous ;  lobes  1'7- 
2'1  cm.  1.,  4  mm.  br.  at  base,  lanceolate,  apex  acuminate,  cuspidate;  tube 
4' 5-6' 5  cm.  1.,  increasing  in  diani.  evenly  to  7  mm.  br.  at  apex,  puberulous 
inside  over  whole  length.  Petals  1'5  cm.  L,  oblong,  acute,  light  red. 
Stamens,  the  longer  1'4  cm.  1.  ;  filaments  light  red;  anthers  creamy 
white.  Style  with  stigma  ultimately  as  long  as  the  calyx-lobes.  Ovary 
8-13  mm.  1.  Berry  linear-oblong,  1'S  cm.  1.,  4  mm.  br. 

[F.  coeeinea  Ait.  Sort.  Kew.  ii.  8  (1789). 

Naturalized ;  road  to  Greenhill,  4000  ft.,  Blue  Mts. ;  near  Cinchona, 
4500  ft. ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  5824,  9130.— Chili. 

Shrub,  l-3(-10)  ft.  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  3-4  cm.  L,  opposite  or  3- 
whorled,  lanceolate,  acute,  with  a  few  minute  sharp  teeth,  shortly  petioled. 
Flowers  solitary,  pendulous,  on  long  thread-like  peduncles.  Calyx  crimson  ; 
lobes  oblong,  acute,  1-5-2  cm.  1.;  tube,  free  part  shorter  than  lobes. 
Petals  obovate,  convolute,  dark  purple,  about  half  as  long  as  the  calyx- 
lobes.  Style  usually  longer  than  the  long  exserted  stamens  ;  stigma 
undivided.] 

FAMILY  XCII.     ARALTACE^E. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  very  rarely  herbs,  sometimes  high  climbing, 
generally  tomentose  with  stellate  hairs,  or  sometimes  hairy  or 
bristly  with  simple  hairs,  sometimes  spiny.  Leaves  usually 
alternate,  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  divided  palmately  or  pin- 
nately,  or  compound  digitately  or  pinnately  (Scictdophyllum)  or 
decompound.  Stipules  adnate  to  the  petiole,  sometimes  not 
distinct  from  the  dilated  base  of  the  petiole  embracing  the  stem, 
sometimes  united  within  the  petiole  and  produced  into  a  blade, 


414  FLORA   OF   JAMAICA  Sciadopliyllum 

sometimes  wanting.  The  heads,  umbellules,  spikes,  or  racemules 
of  flowers  racemose,  paniculate,  or  umbellate.  Flowers  herm- 
aphrodite, polygamous  or  rarely  diu'cious  ;  in  polygamo-dicecious 
plants  the  fertile  flowers  sometimes  occur  in  terminal  umbels, 
the  sterile  in  lateral  umbels.  Calyx  reduced  to  a  ring-like  or 
broadly  and  shortly  cup-like  limb.  Petals  free,  3  to  indefinite, 
generally  5,  usually  valvate  and  then  with  a  thickened  apex 
hook-like  or  bent  inwards,  and  easily  cohering  especially  in  the 
perfect  flowers,  sometimes  slightly  imbricate.  Stamens  usually 
as  many  as  the  petals,  and  inserted  with  them  within  the  margin 
of  the  calyx  around  the  epigynous  disk.  Ovary  inferior,  with 
1  or  more  cells.  Styles  as  many  as  the  cells  of  the  ovary. 
Ovules  solitary  in  each  cell,  hanging  from  the  top  of  the  cell, 
anatropous.  Fruit  generally  drupe-like,  sometimes  berry 4ike, 
endocarp  divided  into  1  or  more  distinct  pyrenes.  Seeds  solitary 
in  the  pyrenes,  hanging ;  endosperm  copious,  sometimes  ruminate. 
Embryo  next  the  hilum,  very  small ;  cotyledons  ovate  or  oblong. 
Species  about  700,  most  of  them  flourishing  within  the 
tropics,  a  few  in  temperate  regions. 

Leaves  digitately  compound 1.  Sciadophyllum, 

Leaves  simple. 

Flowers  in  heads 2.  Oreopanax. 

Flowers  in  umbels  3.  Gilibertia. 

\.  SCIADOPHYLLUM  P.  Br.  (Sciodaphyllum). 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  digitately  compound,  leaflets  entire  ; 
stipules  within  the  petiole,  often  elongated.  Branchlets  of 
inflorescence  (in  Jamaican  species)  forming  a  simple  raceme,  each 
branchlet  with  an  umbel  or  head  of  flowers  at  apex.  Bracts  at 
base  of  branchlets  and  of  umbels.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or 
polygamous.  Calyx-margin  truncate  or  wavy-toothed.  Petals 
5  (4),  valvate,  united  into  a  lid  which  soon  falls.  Stamens  as 
many  as  the  petals.  Disk  flattened.  Ovary  3-5-celled ;  styles 
distinct,  at  length  recurved,  or  sometimes  united  beyond  the 
middle  into  a  column.  Fruit  subglobose,  generally  angular  in 
drying,  at  first  fleshy  outside.  Seeds  with  endosperm  not 
ruminate. 

Species  25,  natives  of  tropical  America  and  the  West  Indies. 

Flowers  distinctly  pedicellate.     Inflorescence  pube- 
rulous   or  glabrabe  ;   umbel  bearing  branchlets 

to  12  mm.  1.     Calyx  truncate  1.  S.  Brownei. 

Flowers  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Inflorescence  white  powdery  tomentose  ;  umbel- 
bearing  branchlets  to  3  mm.  1.  Calyx-teeth 

minute  2.  S.  prcetermissum. 

Inflorescence  densely  white  hairy  tomentose ; 
umbel-bearing  branchlets  to  7  mm.  1.  Calyx- 
teeth  prominent  3.  S.  troyanum. 


Sciadophyllum 


ARALIACE^E 


415 


1,  S.  Brownei  Spreng.  Syst.  i.  953  (1825) ;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  191; 
Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  306;  Seem,  in  Journ.  BoL  Hi.  2GG  ;  Urb. 
Si/mb.  Ant.  I.  196.  Sciodaphyllum  foliis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam. 
190,  t.  19,/.  1,  2.  S.  heptaphyllum  Hitchc.  in  Miss.  Bot.  Gard. 
Hep.  iv.  91  (1893)  (excl.  syn.  L.).  Aralia  Sciodaphyllum  Sw. 


Fig.  150. — Sciadophyllum  Brownei  Spreng. 

A,  Compound    digitate    leaf    and    intior-  dropping  off ,  and  another  from  which 

escence  x  \.  the  corolla  has  fallen,  x  4. 

B,  Umbel-bearing     branchlet    with    two        C,  Open  flower  cut  lengthwise  x  7. 

flower-buds,  a  flower  with  the  corolla        D,  Fruit  x  4. 

E,  Fruit  cut  across,  showing  five  seeds,  X  7. 

Prodr.  55  (1788).  Hedera  Sciodaphyllum  Sw.  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.  519 
(1797).  Schefflera  Sciadophyllum  Harms  in  EngL-Prantl  Pflan- 
zenfam.  in.  8,  37  (1894).  (Fig.  150.) 

Massonl  mts.,  St.  Andrew,  Purdie !  Blue  Mts.,  Linden  1686!  Union 
Hill,  Moneague,  Priori  March  \  Blue  Mt.  Peak,  Hitchcock;  Catherine 
Peak,  4000  ft.,  Eggers,  3664!  Wallingford,  Moore  \  Morse's  Gap,  5000  ft. ; 


410  FLOKA    i  iK    .JAMAICA 

Hollymount,  3000  ft. ;  Harris  \  Fl.  Jam.  7560,  9010  ;  below  Thomson  Gap, 
Portland,  Blue  }It<.,  Miss  J.  R.  Perkins,  1223  ! 

Shrub  or  tree  to  20  ft.  high  ;  stems  several  or  solitary,  2-4  ins.  in  diam. 
Leaflets  7-13,  1-3  dm.  1.,  3-11  cm.  br. ;  very  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate, 
base  rounded  to  subcordatc,  glabrous ;  petiole  of  leaflets  2-8  cm.  1. ; 
petiole  of  leaf  1-5-3 '5  dm.  1.,  clasping  the  stern  at  base  and  united  to  the 
stipules.  Inflorescences  3-6  dm.  1.,  puberulous  or  glabrate,  axillary  near 
summit  of  stem  or  terminal;  branchlets  numerous,  3-12  mm.l.,  bearing  at 
apex  4-8  pedicellate  flowers;  pedicels  2-4  mm.  1. ;  buds  about  3  mm.  1. 
Calyx-limb  very  short,  wavy  or  with  an  occasional  very  short  tooth. 
Corolla  about  1-4  mm.  1.  Styles  5,  free,  about  1  mm.  1.  Fruit  5-angled. 
5-celled,  about  4  mm.  1. 

L'.  S.  prsetermissum  Norm,  in  Journ.  Bot.  Ixiv.  159  (1926). 

J.P.  884,  Morris  !  Morse's  Gap,  5000  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  6997. 

Tree  to  20  ft.  high.  Leaves  as  in  the  preceding  species,  but  perhaps 
not  attaining  to  the  largest  measurements.  Inflorescences  3 '5-4 '5  dm.  1.  ; 
rhachis  and  branchlets  white-torneiitose,  powdery  or  withjninute  hairs; 
branchlets  numerous,  2-3  mm.  1.,  bearing  at  apex  9-12  subsessile  flowers; 
buds  about  2  mm.  1.  Buds  :  Calyx  glabrate  or  sparsely  white-tomentose  ; 
teeth  about  '4mm.  1.  Corolla  l-3  mm.  1.,  bell-shaped,  glabrous.  Ovary 
2-8  mm  1.  Styles  5,  -4  mm.  1. 

3.  S.  troyanum  Url.  Syml.  Ant.  v.  451  (1908). 

Near  Troy,  2000  ft. ;  Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500-2800  ft.  ;  Harris  ! 
Fl.  Jam.  9369,  10,876,  11,052. 

Tree,  10-20  ft.  high.  Leaflets  9-12,  1-3  dm.  1.,  5-9  cm.  br.,  elliptical- 
oblong,  very  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate,  base  cordate  to  retuse,  upper 
surface  glabrous,  with  network  of  veins  usually  impressed,  puberulous  with 
dust-like  hairs  beneath  ;  petioles  of  leaflets  1'5-12  cm.  1. ;  petioles  of  leaf 
l'5-4  dm.  1.  Inflorescences  2-5  to  5' 5  dm.  1. ;  rhachis  and  branchlets 
tomentose  with  minute  white  hairs;  branchlets  numerous,  5-8  mm.  1., 
bearing  at  apex  5-15  subsessile  flowers ;  buds  5  mm.  1.,  3  mm.  br.  Calyx 
densely  white-tomentose;  tube  4  mm.  1. ;  lobes  1  mm.  1.,  triangular. 
Corolla  2 '5-3  mm.  1.,  conical,  white-tomentose.  Styles  5,  free,  2  mm.  1. 

2.  OREOPANAX  "Decne.  &  Planch. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  simple,  entire  (in  0.  capitatum),  or 
variously  divided.  Stipules  united  into  one  small  intra-axillary 
stipule,  more  or  less  united  to  petiole.  Branchlets  of  inflorescence 
paniculate  (in  0.  capitatum)  or  racemose.  Bracts  one  under  each 
peduncle ;  bracteoles  scale-like,  3  under  each  flower.  Flowers 
polygamo-dioecious,  sessile.  Calyx-limb  truncate,  with  minute 
distant  teeth.  Petals  5  (4-7),  valvate.  Stamens  as  many  as  the 
petals.  Disk  evident,  not  thick.  Ovary  3-5(6-1 2)-celled ; 
styles  free  or  more  or  less  united.  Fruit  globose,  berry-like. 
Seed  compressed,  somewhat  3-angled.  Endosperm  ruminate,  or 
sometimes  (in  0.  capitatum)  not  or  scarcely  ruminate. 

Species  80,  natives  of  the  West  Indies  and  tropical  con- 
tinental America,  chiefly  in  the  Ancles. 

0.  eapitatum  Dccne.  &  Planch,  in  Rev.  Hortic.  ser.  4,  Hi.  108 
(1854) }  Seem,  in  Journ.  Bot.  Hi.  270  (1865) ;  March,  in  Fl.  Bras. 


Oreopanax 


ARALIACE.E 


417 


xi.pt.  1,  253  ;  Urb.  Sijmb.  Ant.  i.  198  &  viii.  508.  Aralia  capitata 
Jacq.  Enum.  18  (1760),  Sel  Stirp.  Amer.  89,  t.  61  <fe  Ed.  pic.t.  46, 
t.  91  ;  Sw.  Prodr.  55.  Hedera  capitata  Smith  Ic.  pict.  rar.  4,  t.  4 


Fig.  151.— Oreopanax  capitatum  Decue.  &  Planch. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaf  and  lowest        (.',  Female  flower  cut  leimth\\  is  •  ;  .«,  rim 

branch  of  inflorescence  X  ".  of  calyx  ;  l>,  bracteoles  ;  X  7. 

B,  Male  flower;  b,  bracteoles  ;  x  7.  D,  Head  of  very  young  fruit  X  4. 

E,  Fruit  cut  lengthwise  X  4. 

(1790);  Sw.  PL  In<l.  Or.  516;  Nacf.  Jam.  //.  193.  Sciudo 
phyllum  capitatum  Grisel.  PL  .Z?r.  W.  Ind.  306  (1860). 
(Fig.  151.) 

V.  2    E 


41S  FLORA   OF   JAMAH  A  Orcopanax- 

Woman   \Voocl,  Throe  fingered  Jack,  Growing  Stick. 

Wright  \  r>rongliton\  )ia*son\  Jlnnniii'l<l !  Wilson  I  Man-It  \  Moneague ; 
Luidas  Vale;  Priori  J.P.  878,  Hart  I  Blue  Mts.,  Hitchcock;  Plato  road, 
3000  ft.,  Jl,trri»l  Fl.  Jam.  7684; 'Bobertsfield,  Blue  Mts.;  near  Troy, 
2000  ft.,  Miss  J.  II.  Perkins  I — llispuniola,  Antigua,  Montserrat,  Guade- 
loupe, Dominica,  Martinique,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  trop.  cont. 
America. 

7V«r  to  60  ft.  high,  or  shrub  15  ft.,  sometimes  epiphytic  on  other  trees. 
Leaves  on  flowering  shoots  1-2  dm.  1.,  simple,  entire,  glabrous,  elliptical 
or  ovate,  sharply  acuminate,  base  5-nerved,  rounded  or  wedge-shaped; 
petioles  5-12(-15)  cm.  1.  Inflorescences,  small  heads  borne  on  a  terminal 
panicle,  1-2  dm.  1.,  more  or  less  puberulous  in  all  its  parts  except  the 
petals.  Heads  5-6  mm.  in  diam.,  to  12  mm.  in  fruit.  Petals  white,  about 
1-5  mm.  1.  Styles  2  in  male  fl.,  free,  5-12,  free  and  recurved  in  female 
and  hermaphrodite  fls.  Berry  3-5  mm.  in  diam.,  globose,  5-celled,  with 
5-12  seeds. 

3.  GILIBERTIA  Ruiz  &  Pav.- 

Trees  or  shrubs,  glabrous.  Leaves  simple  and  entire  (in 
Jamaican  species),  rarely  3-5-lobed,  usually  clustered  at  end  of 
branches ;  stipules  very  small,  within  the  petiole,  or  wanting. 
Inflorescences  terminal,  composed  of  umbels  either  solitary  or 
arranged  in  a  short  raceme,  rarely  ending  in  a  compound  umbel. 
Peduncles  striate  or  angled,  at  apex  usually  dilated  into  a 
receptacle  for  the  insertion  of  the  pedicels.  Bracteoles  scale-like, 
crowded  in  the  receptacle  and  sometimes  forming  an  involucre 
externally.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous.  Calyx  sub- 
entire  or  minutely  toothed.  Petals  5-8,  valvate,  with  incurved 

ii 

apex.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals.  Disk  continued  in  the 
middle  into  a  stylar  column.  Styles  united  above  the  middle  or 
throughout  their  length,  very  rarely  almost  free.  Fruit  globose 
or  ovoid. 

Species  about  50,  natives  of  the  West  Indies,  tropical  America 
and  Asia,  China  and  Japan. 

Inflorescence  a  raceme  of  simple   umbels  with   a   com- 
pound umbel  at  apex 1.  G.  arborea. 

Inflorescence  a  simple  umbel. 

Leaves  broadest  at  or  below  the  middle.     Umbel  with 

more  than  40  fls. 
Leaves  ovate-oblong  or  narrowly  elliptical,  obtuse  at 

both  ends,  leathery,  nerves  and  veins  indistinct .     2.  G.  pendula. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  apex  acute  or  blunt,  base  running 

into  the  petiole,  papery  3.  G.  Swartzii. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  apex  acute,  base  obtuse,  leathery  .     4.  G.  elongata. 
Leaves  oval-elliptical,  breadth  a  little  more  than  half 
the   length,    acute   or   shortly   acuminate,    base 

rounded,  emarginate,  or  subcordate 5.  G.  ovalifolia. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate,  breadth  two-thirds  length, 
apex  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  base  cordate 

or  subcordate 6.  G.cordifolia. 

Leaves  broadly  elliptical,  shortly  subacuminate  at 
both  ends,  veins  distinct  beneath,  papery- 
leathery.  Peduncle  nodding,  5-7  cm.  1 7.  G.  nutans. 


Gilibertia 


AKALIACE^E 


419 


Leaves  elliptical,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  papery,  dense 
network   of   veins  prominent   on    both   sides. 
Umbel  with  20-50  fls.   Peduncle  erect,  3-4  cm.  1.     8.  G.  granclis. 
Leaves  broadest  above  the  middle.     Umbel  with  less 

than  20  fls. 
Calyx   and  ovary   7-8   mm.    1.       Leaves   obovate, 

leathery 9.    G.  grandiflora. 

Calyx  and  ovary  less  than  3  mm.  1. 

Leaves  obovate-elliptical   to  elliptical,  leathery. 

Calyx  with  ovary  2'5  mm.  1 10.  G.  blakcana. 

Leaves  oblong-elliptical  to  oblong-oblanceolate, 

papery.     Calyx  with  ovary  1-3-1  •  5  mm.  1....  11.  G.  filipes. 

1.  G.  arborea  March,  in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Belg.  xxx.  281  (1891) ; 
Urb.  Symb.  Ant.  i.  201,  iv.  469  &  viii.  508.     Aralia  arborea  foliis 


Fig.  152.—  Gilibertia  arborea  March. 

A,  Portion  of  branch  with  leaves  C,  Flower  X  7. 

and  inflorescence  X  J.  D,  Fruit  x  ~2. 

B,  Umbellule  X  3.  E,  Ditto  cut  across  X  2. 

c.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  189.      A.  arborea  L.  Syst.  x.  967  (1759)  & 
Amoen.  v.  396,  377  ;    Jacq.  SeL  Stirp.  Amer.  89  &  Hort.  Schoenbr. 

" 


4:20  FLORA  OF  JAMAICA  Gilibertia 

t.  r»l  ;  Sic.  Ob*.  119.  A.  foliis  ovatis  &r.  Phm,.  PL  A  m<  r.  (Bxrm.) 
139,  t.  MS.  Hedera  arborea  Sw.  FL  Ltd  0<r.  518  (1797); 
Mai-/.  Jam.  ii.  lUl'.  Sciadophyllum  Jacquini  Griseb.  FL  I3r.  II". 
JinL  .'ICG  (1860).  Dendropanax  arboreum  Decne.  <t  Planch,  in 
Rev.  Horlic.  ser.  4,  ///.  107  (1854);  Seem.  ///  Jnurn.  J>»t.  ii  301 
(excl.  Hedera  alaris  tfc  Dendropanax  alare)  ;  Britt.  in  BuU.  Terr. 
Bot.  CL  xxxix.  1.  (Fig.  152.) 

Galipee,  Angelica  Tree. 

Foot  of  Red  Hills,  Browne;  Wrightl  BrougJitonl  Massonl  Swartz\ 
Macfadyen\  Purdicl  Harticcgl  Wilson !  Moneague,  Priori  Marchl 
Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts.,  Morris  !  King's  House  ;  Mavis  Bank  ;  J.P.  976, 
1079,  1092,  Hart !  Latimer,  near  Cinchona ;  Wallenford,  2500  ft. ;  near 
Troy,  2200  ft.;  Holly  Mount,  Mt.  Diablo,  2500  ft.  ;  Peckham,  Clarendon, 
2500  ft. ;  Stony  Hill,"  1100  ft. ;  Harris  I  Castleton  Hill,  1000  ft.,  Thompson  I 
FL  Jam.  7610,  8031,  8708,  8976,  10,950,  11,051,  11,055,  11,144;  Port 
Antonio,  Hitchcock. — Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St. 
Vincent,  Grenada,  Margarita,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Tree,  15-40(-60)  ft.  high,  or  shrub.  Leaves  l-l'5(-2)  dm.  1.,  elliptical 
to  ovate-elliptical,  or  obovate-elliptical,  acuminate,  base  wedge-shaped  to 
rounded;  nerves  and  network  of  veins  prominent  on  both  sides ;  petioles 
1-8  cm.  1.  Inflorescences  a  terminal  raceme  of  a  few  simple  umbels  on 
ascending  peduncles,  ending  with  a  compound  umbel  of  about  4-6  rays ; 
peduncle  l'5-8  cm.  1. ;  pedicels  6-8  mm.  1.  Calyx  truncate  or  with  4  to  6 
short  sharp  teeth.  Petals  4-6,  acute,  greenish-white.  Fruit  5-6-angled, 
5-7  mm.  1. 

2.  G.  pendula  March,  ex  Urb.  Syrnb.  Ant.  i.  200  (1899). 
Hedera  pendula  Sw.  Prodr.  51  (1788),  Icon.  t.  9(?)  &  FL  Ind.  Occ.  i. 
512;  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  192;  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  306  (in  part) 
(excl.  reference  to  Wilson).  Dendropanax  pendulum  Decne.  <(• 
Planch,  in  Rev.  Hortic.  ser.  4,  Hi.  107  (1854);  Seem.  torn.  cit.  300. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Sicartz  ! 

Tree  or  shrub,  10-12  ft.  high.  Leaves  10-5 '5  cm.  1.,  ovate-lanceolate, 
apex  obtuse,  base  obtuse,  nerves  indistinct,  scarcely  prominent  on  both 
sides,  veins  very  few,  leathery;  petioles  to  6  cm.  1.  Peduncle  to  3  dm.  1. 
and  more,  pendulous,  jointed ;  receptacle  7-8  mm.  br.,  cushion-like. 
Umbel  with  40-70  fls. ;  pedicels  about  15  mm.  1.  Calyx  2'5  mm.  1.  (hi 
bud),  subentire.  Petals  oblong,  acute.  Filaments  shorter  than  corolla. 
Style  simple.  Berry  with  5  seeds. 

3.  G.  Swartzii  Fawc.  &  Eendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Lciv.  158  (1896). 
Hedera  pendu]a  Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Ind.  306  (1860)  (in  part). 

Swartz  (with  label  attached  inscribed  Hedera  nutans] !  Wilson  (speci- 
men in  Herb.  Kew.  named  by  Grisebach  Hedera  pendula}  \  Xewhaven  Gap, 
Blue  Mts.,  J.P.  983,  Hart\  also  Harris  I  Claverty  Cottage,  Blue  Mts., 
J.P.  983,  Hart ! 

Leaves  7-14  cm.  1.,  lanceolate,  ovate-lanceolate  or  narrowly  elliptical, 
apex  acute,  sometimes  blunt,  base  acute,  running  into  the  petiole,  nerves 
together  with  network  of  veins  fiat  or  slightly  prominent  on  upper  surface, 
slightly  prominent  beneath,  papery  ;  petioles  to  4  cm.  1.  Peduncle  23-10 
cm.  1.,  jointed;  receptacle  somewhat  cushion-like,  concave  below,  5-7 
mm.  br.  Umbel  simple  with  50-70  fls.;  pedicels  15-18  mm.  1.  Petals 


Gilibertia  ARALIACE.K  421 

5  mm.  1.,  ovate-elliptical.  Filaments  7  mm.  1.  Ovary  turbinate,  about 
3  mm.  1.  Style  simple,  conical,  2'5  mm.  1.  Fruit  about  6  mm.  1., 
ellipsoidal,  5-augled. 

4.  G.  elongata  comb.  nov.     Dendropanax  elongatum  Britt.  in 
Bull.  Torr.  Lot.  CL  xxxix.  3  (1912). 

Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500-2800  ft.,  Harris !  Fl.  Jam.  10,874. 

Slender  tree,  25  ft.  high.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  1.,  2-5-6  cm.  br.  (6-8  cm.  1. 
at  base  of  peduncle),  leathery,  lanceolate  to  narrowly  elliptical,  apex  acute, 
base  obtuse  ;  nerves  flat  or  slightly  prominent  on  upper  surface,  together 
with  veins  prominent  beneath;  petioles  '5-8 '5  cm.  1.  Inflorescence  very 
young.  Peduncle  12  cm.  1.,  jointed;  receptacle  cushion-like,  concave 
beneath.  Umbel  with  about  -40  fls.  (small  buds). 

5.  G.  ovalifolia  Fawc.  tfc  Eendle  in  Journ.  Bot.  Lciu.  158  (1926). 
Dendropanax  pendulum  Britt.   in  Bull.   Torr.  Bot.    CL  xxxix.   2 
(1912). 

Lapland,  near  Catadupa,  2000  ft. ;  Mulgrave,  St.  Elizabeth,  1300  ft. ; 
Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  9188,  12,378. 

Shrub  12  'ft.  high,  or  tree  25  ft.  Leaves  to  13  cm.  1.,  about  half  as 
broad  as  long,  or  a  little  more,  oval-elliptical,  very  shortly  acuminate, 
acute  or  rarely  obtuse,  base  rounded,  emarglnate,  or  subcordate,  nerves 
together  with  veins  flat  or  slightly  prominent  on  the  upper  surface,  more 
so  beneath,  papery;  petioles  to  8  cm.  1.  Peduncle  26-20  cm.  1.,  jointed; 
receptacle  somewhat  capitate,  less  than  1  cm.  br.  Umbel  with  55-90  fls.  ; 
pedicels  15-18  mm.  1.  Calyx  subentire.  Petals  4  mm.  1.,  greenish, 
triangular,  acute.  Filaments  6  mrn.  1.  Style  simple,  2  mm.  1. 

6.  G.  eordifolia  comb.  nov.      Dendropanax  cordifolium  Britt. 
in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  CL  xxxix.  4(1912). 

Woodlands,  summit  of  Dolphin  Head,  about  1800  ft.,  Britton  & 
Rollick,  2856 ! 

Tree,  about  20  ft.  high.  Leaves  20  cm.  1.  or  less,  about  two-thirds  as 
broad  as  long,  broadly  ovate,  apex  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  base 
cordate  or  subcordate,  nerves  prominent,  papery ;  petioles  stout,  about 
1  dm.  1.  or  shorter.  Umbel  many-flowered.  Peduncle  inclined,  stout, 
12-15  cm.  1.,  not  jointed,  with  bracts  at  and  very  near  the  base.  Pedicels 
rather  slender,  2*5  cm.  1.  Calyx  subentire;  tube  4-5  mm.  br.  Petals 
white,  about  5  mm.  1.  Filaments  slightly  longer  than  the  petals.  Style 
of  young  fruit  very  broadly  conical,  2  mm.  1.  or  less. 

We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Britton  for  a  specimen. 

7.  G.  nutans  J/V/n-/*.  ex  Urb.  Syml.  Ant.  i.  201  (1899).     Hedera 
nutans  Suo.   Proflr.   51   (1788)  &  >/.  Ind.   Occ.  514:  Macf.  J.nn. 
ii.  193;   Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Intl.  306  (excl.  syn.  Al).      Dendro- 
panax nutans  Decnc.    <(•  Planch,    loc.   cit.  ;    Seem.    torn.   cit.   300. 
Specimen  from  Swartz  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit. 

Blue  Mt.  Peak,  7400  ft.,  Swartz  !  MacfuJijcnl  McSabl  J.P.  983  (in 
part),  Morris  [  Harris! 

Tree,  10-15  ft.  high.  Leaves  5-14  cm.  1.,  broadly  elliptical,  shortly 
subacumiuate  at  both  ends,  nerves  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides,  veins 
distinct  beneath,  papery-leathery;  petioles  to  6  cm.  1.  Peduncle  5-7 


41'J  FLOKA  OF  JAMAICA  Gilibertia 

cm.  1. ;  receptacle  8-10  mm.  br.,  cushion-like,  convex  above,  concave  below. 
Unil't'l  with  40  SO  fls. ;  pedicels  15-20  cm.  1.  Petals  4-5  mm.  1.,  ovate. 
.S7(/wcH.s-  -i'5  mm.  1.  Ovary  turbinate,  about  3  mm.  1.  Style  conical, 

2  mm.  1. 

S.  G.  grandis  comb,  nov.  Dendropanax  grande  Jiritt.  in  Hull. 
Tun:  Bot.  Cl  xxxix.  4  (1912).  Type  in  Herb.  Kou. 

In  the  forest  on  the  road  to  Grier  Park,  Moneague,  Prior  ! 

Tree,  40  to  50  ft.  high.  Leaves  to  15  cm.  1.,  elliptical,  apex  obtuse,  base 
obtuse,  nerves  about  8  on  each  side,  the  two  lowest  keeping  more  or  less 
at  same  distance  from  margin,  together  with  dense  network  of  veins  with 
small  meshes  slightly  prominent  on  both  sides,  papery;  petioles  stout,  to 
12  era.  1.  Peduncles  erect,  stout,  3-4  cm.  1. ;  receptacle  cushion-like,  about 
10  mm.  br.  Umbel  with  20-50  fls. ;  pedicels  rather  stout,  2  cm.  1.  Petals 
4* 5  mm.  L,  lanceolate-triangular.  Filaments  5  mm.  1.  Ovary  about 

3  mm.  L,  subhemispherical. 

Cited  by  Grisebach  op.  cit.  306  and  Urban  op.  cit.  201  under  the 
previous  species. 

9.  G.  grandiflora    comb.    nov.       Dendropanax    grandiflorum 
Britt.  in  Bull  Torr.  Bot.  Cl  xxxix.  3  (1912). 

Peckhani,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,994,  11,011,  11,028, 
12,791. 

Tree,  15-30  ft.  high.  Leaves  6-12  cm.  L,  3-7  cm.  br.,  obovate,  apex 
rounded  or  sometimes  bluntly  pointed,  base  wedge-shaped,  leathery ; 
petioles  1'3  cm.  1.  or  less.  Peduncle  2-5  cm.  1. ;  receptacle  5-6  mm.  br., 
flat.  Umbel  solitary,  or  sometimes  another  in  axil  of  uppermost  reduced 
leaf,  with  5-11  fls.;  pedicels  l'5-2  cm.  1.  Calyx  with  ovary  7-8  mm.  L, 

10  mm.  1.  in  fr. ;  calyx  truncate.     Petals  7  mm.  L,  oblong,  greenish-yellow. 
Style   4'5   mm.   1.,   increasing   to  5  or  6  mm.  in  fr.      Fruit  ellipsoidal, 
10-12  mm.  1. 

10.  G.  blakeana  comlt.   nov.     Dendropanax  blakeanum  Britt. 

in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  CL  xxxic.  4  (1912). 

John  Crow  (Blake)  Mts.,  1700  ft.,  Harris  &  Brittonl  Fl.  Jam.  10,761. 

Slender  tree,  25  ft.  high.  Leaves  4-10  cm.  L,  2-4-3  cm.  br.,  obovate- 
elliptical  to  elliptical,  apex  acute  or  very  shortly  subacuminate,  base 
wedge-shaped,  leathery;  }:>etioles  3  mm.  1. — 3  cm.  1.  Peduncle  about 

11  cm.  1. ;  receptacle  about  6  mm.  br.     Umbel  with  about  18  fls. ;  pedicels 
15-18  mm.  1.  to  20  mm.  in  fr.     Floifer-louds  just  before  opening  3  rnm.  1. 
Calyx  with  ovary  about  2- 5  mm.  1.  ;  calyx  truncate  or  wavy  with  rounded 
lobes.     Fruit  (fide  Britton)  subglobose,  5  mm.  in  diarn.,   the  persistent 
style  2'5  mm.  1. 

11.  G.  filipes  comb,  not:      Dendropanax  filipes  Britt.  in  Bull. 
Torr.  Bot.  Cl.  xli.  9  (1914). 

Peckham,  Clarendon,  2500  ft.,  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  11,057. 

Slender  straggling  slirub  to  10  ft.  high.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  L,  2-3 '5 
cm.  br.,  oblong-elliptical  to  oblong-oblaiiceolate,  apex  rounded  to  acute, 
base  obtuse,  upper  surface  shining,  papery;  petioles  4'5-'5  cm.  1. 
Peduncle  slender,  7-11  cm.  1. ;  receptacle  3  mm.  br.  Umbel  with  10-13 
fls.;  pedicels  slender,  14-19  mm.  1.  Calyx  with  ovary  1*3-1' 5  mm.  1. ; 
calyx  truncate,  wavy  or  toothed.  Petals  1-5-2  mm.  L,  oblong-lanceolate. 


Hydrocoiyle  UMBELLIFEK.K  423 


FAMILV  XCIIF.     UMBELLIFERJS. 

Herbs  often  reaching  a  considerable  size ;  stem  hollow. 
Leaves  alternate  or  occasionally  opposite  under  the  forks  of  the 
stem,  the  petiole  usually  dilated  at  the  base  into  a  sheath, 
entire,  generally  very  variously  palmately  or  pinnately  divided. 
Flowers  small,  umbellate  or  sometimes  in  heads  ;  umbels  simple 
or  more  often  compound,  terminal  or  lateral,  solitary  or  very 
many  in  a  panicle.  Bracts  under  the  outer  rays  of  the  umbel 
and  on  the  pedicels  of  the  umbellules  form  an  involucre  and 
involucels,  or  rarely  are  wanting.  Flowers  hermaphrodite  (in 
Jamaican  species)  or  polygamo-dicecious,  rarely  dioecious,  regular, 
or  subirregular  with  the  outer  petals  enlarged  forming  a  ray. 
Calyx  of  small  teeth  round  the  upper  edge  of  the  ovary,  or 
wanting.  Petals  5,  equal  or  the  outer  sometimes  larger. 
Stamens  5.  Ovary  inferior,  2-celled,  crowned  by  a  conspicuous 
disk.  Styles  2,  distinct.  Ovules  solitary  in  each  cell,  hanging 
from  the  apex,  anatropous.  Fruit  inferior,  dry,  generally 
crowned  by  the  disk  and  the  styles,  marked  by  longitudinal  ribs, 
between  which  are  the  canals  (vittse)  containing  essential  oil, 
separating  septicidally  into  2  carpels  (mericarps),  not  opening, 
1 -seeded,  the  inner  face  (commissure)  flat,  usually  leaving  the 
persistent  carpophore  free  from  the  carpels  from  the  base  to  the 
apex,  the  carpels  at  length  hanging  from  the  apex  of  the 
branches  of  the  carpophore.  Seed  adherent  to  the  pericarp ; 
endosperm  cartilaginous.  Embryo  small,  near  the  hilum  ;  radicle 
superior ;  cotyledons  short. 

Species  about  2700,  numerous  in  the  temperate  regions,  in 
the  tropics  chiefly  on  the  mountains. 

Umbels  simple.     Leaves  undivided,  peltate  or  cordate 1.  Hydrocotyle. 

Umbels  compound.     Leaves  much  divided 3.  Apium. 

Flowers  in  a  dense  head.     Plant  spiny 2.  Eryhgium. 


L  HYDROCOTYLE  L. 

Herbs,  sometimes  perennial,  prostrate  or  rooting  at  the 
nodes,  sometimes  annual  and  erect,  often  very  small.  Leaves 
entire,  palminerved  or  cut  palmately.  Stipules  small,  scarious. 
Umbels  usually  simple  or  the  flowers  also  in  distant  whorls 
below  the  terminal  umbel.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  tVw  (  r  none. 
Flowers  white  or  rarely  purplish,  sometimes  unisexual.  Treth 
of  the  calyx  minute  or  wanting.  Petals  entire,  valvate  or 
imbricate.  Disk  evident.  Fruit  compressed  from  the  side,  with 
narrow  commissure  ;  mericarps  compressed  from  the  side  ; 
primary  ridges  nerve-like ;  vithu  wanting  or  very  slender.  Seed 
compressed  from  the  side.  Penny-wort. 


424  FLORA    OF   JAMAICA  llij<l 

Spr<-i.->  about  75.  imMly  living  in  UK  list  or  swampy  ground, 
verv  widely  dispersed  through  tin-  warmer  and  tempi-rate  rr-infis 
i>f  the  world. 

Leave-  p.-ltate. 

Imloiv-i-t'iice  a  simple  terminal  umbel. 

wers  many,  pedicillate  1.  JT.  uinl<U<iii. 

Flowers  few,  subsessUe    -.  ILpusilla. 

Intlorescence  in  whorls   3.  H.  verticillata. 

Leaves  not  peltate,  base  cordate    4.  If.  aaiati-    , 

1.  H.  umbellata  L.  Sp.  PL  234  (1753);  leaves  peltate, 
roundish,  somewhat  kidney -shaped,  crenate,  to  5  cm.  aero-  : 
flowers  many,  with  long  pedicels,  usually  in.  a  simple  terminal 
umbel;  petals  valvate. — Sw.  Obs.  Ill:  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  1<X 
Grisrb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Lid.  307  ;  Urb.  in  FL  Urn*,  xi.  pt.  1,  269, 
/.  72,  f.  1:  Sifnib.  Ant.  if.  471  &  viii.  510;  Coult.  t\-  Hose  in 
Conirib.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  vii.  25  ;  Small  Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  ed.  L',  *58. 
H.  foliis  orbiculatis  peltatis  etc.  Browne  Hist.  Jam.  185.  Coty- 
ledon aquatica  Sloane  Cat.  93  A:  Hist.  i.  212.  Specimen  in  Herb. 
Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 

Cayrnanas  and  banks  of  Rio  Cobre,  Sloane  Herb.  iv.  35  !  Bronglito:i ! 
St.  Mary,  Pnrdic\  March  !  swamp  near  Unity  Vale,  Moneague,  Priori 
Temple  Hall,  800  ft.,  Harris  !  Ferry,  Campbell  !*F1.  Jam.  5901,  6163;  neii- 
Kingston,  Hitchcock. — West  Indies,  N.  and  S.  America,  Galapagos  Is., 
S.  Africa,  Madagascar,  and  Bourbon. 

A  creeping  herb,  glabrous.  Petioles  to  25  cm.  1.  or  more.  Peduncles 
equalling  the  petioles.  Bracts  of  tbe  involucre  rather  numerous,  very 
small,  broadly  ovate;  pedicels  4-12  mm.  1.  Fruit  about  2  mm.  1.,  about 
3  mm.  br. ,  notched  at  base  and  apex;  primary  dorsal  ridges  prominent, 
obtuse. 

2  H.  pusilla  A.  Rich  in  Ann.  gener.  Sci.  PJtys.  ii.  167,  t.  52, 
/.  2  (1820);  leaves  peltate,  roundish,  not  emarginate,  crenate, 
scarcely  reaching  1  '5  cm.  across  ;  flowers  few,  sessile  or  subsessile 
in  a  simple  terminal  umbel. —  Urb.  in  Fl.  Bras,  xi  pt.  1,  272,  /.  72, 
/.  2,  Sumb.  Ant.  iv.  471  ct  viii.  510. 

Macfadyen\  Mt.  Moses,  J.P.  2092,  Hart  I  Tweedside,  below  Moody's 
Gap,  Harris  &  Britton  !  Fl.  Jam.  10,542. — Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Peru, 
Brazil,  Uruguay,  Paraguay. 

A  small  slender  creeping  herb,  glabrous,  or  with  a  few  hairs  on  the 
under  side  of  the  leaves.  Petioles  1-3  •  5  cm.  1.  Peduncles  hair-like,  vary- 
ing in  length  like  the  petioles  ;  pedicels  to  1  mm.  1.  or  almost  wanting. 
Bracts  of  involucre  minute,  linear.  Petals  valvate,  '4-' 6  mm.  1.  Fruit 
•6- '8  mm.  L,  1'2-1'4  mm.  thick,  often  punctate,  ridges  rather  indistinct. 

3.  H.  vertieillata  Thunb.  Di*s.  Hijdroc.  5,  with  fig.  (1798); 
leaves  peltate,  roundish,  crenate,  1 '  5-5  cm.  across  ;  inflorescence 
of  several  few-flowered  whorls.  Urb.  in  Fl.  Bras.  xi.  pt.  1,  268, 
Sumb.  Ant.  iv.  471  &  viii.  509  ;  Coulter  &  Hose,  torn.  cit.  27  ; 
Small  loc.  cit. ;  Britt,  Fl.  Berm.  273  ;  Britt.  &  Jlillsp.  Bah. 
FL  312. 


UMI'.ELLIFETLK 


425 


In  marshy  places  ;  Wright  \  Sicartz  \  Grandvale,  Westmoreland,  500  ft. ; 
between  Llandovery  and  Runaway  Bay  ;  Harris  !  Fl.  Jam.  7094,  10,373. — 
Bermuda,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Porto  Rico,  Guadeloupe,  cont. 
America,  S.  Africa.  Sandwich  Is. 

A  creeping  glabrous  herb.  Petioles  3  to  nearly  20  cm.  1.  Peduncles 
generally  somewhat  shorter  than  the  petioles,  bearing  about  6  (or  less)  few- 
flowered  distant  whorls  ;  pedicels  0-2  mm.  1.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  very 
small,  ovate.  Petals  valvate.  Fruit  l'5-2  mm.  L,  3-3 '5  mm.  br.,  ridges 
prominent. 

4.  H.  asiatica  L.  Sp.  PL  234  (1753);  leaves  not  peltate, 
ovate-roundish,  base  heart-shaped,  more  or  less  deeply  cut  ; 
Griseb.  FL  Br.  W.  Lid.  307  ;  C.  B.  Claris  in  Hook.  f.  Fl.  B,it. 


Fig.  153. — IJycli'actit'/fe  n*iatica  L. 

A,  Portion  of   plant  bearing  flowers   and 

fruit,  nat.  size. 

B,  Young  inflorescence,  the  central  flower- 

Inid  only  is  seen  emerging  from  the 
involucre  of  two  bracts,  x  2£. 


C,  Inttores'-ence  in  which  lateral  flov. 

have  also  developed  X  '-'  . 

D,  Flower  X  4. 

E,  fruit  X  4. 

F,  Fruit  cut  across  ;  c,  cotyledons  ;  x  7. 


Ind.  iL  669.  H.  brevipes  DC.  Pro<l.  fa.  63  ;  11,,,-f.  Jam.  ii.  186. 
H.  humilior  foliis  semi-ellipticis  Arc.  Broicnc  J<i m.  1  >.">.  H.  rcpanda 
Pers.  Si/n.  i.  302  (1805).  Centella  asiatica  Url.  in  FL  llni*.  xi. 
jjf.  1,  287,  /.  78, /.  1  :  Bntt.  Fl.  Bn-m.  273.  C.  repanda  Smnll 
Fl.  S.E.  U.S.  859.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linm^us. 
(Fig.  153.) 

In  marshy  places;  J/V/.s.scw !    Erouglitonl  Bertero;  St.  ^lary,  I'm 
March  I  St.  Anns  Bay;  Tiddenham,  St.  Ann;  Prior!  Bull  Head,  J.P.  1522, 
Hart  I   Prospect    Hill,    near    Castleton,    2000   ft.,    Tliontpsoiil    near  Troy, 
1500  ft.,  Han-is  I  Fl.  Jam.  7956,  8557.— Warmer  regions  of  the  world. 


426 


FLORA   OF   JAM  A  K  A 


Hydrocotyle 


A  creeping  licrb,  rooting  at  nodes.  Leaves  to  4  cm.  ].,  4  cm.  l>r.  (or 
more),  coarsely  toothed,  hairy  when  vuiing,  or  becoming  glabrate ; 
pi  tioles  2-10  cm.  1.,  hairy  or  glabrous.  Injluresci'iicf  a  simple  umbel  in 
the  leaf-axils,  either  subsessile  or  on  peduncles  which  arc  usually  shorter 
than  the  petioles.  Jir<ic.tx  of  the  involucre  roundish  or  ovate,  rather  large, 
i>-4  mm.  1.,  embracing  the  flowers.  Petals  imbricate.  Fruit  roundish- 
kidney-shaped,  dark  brown ;  ridges  prominent,  branching,  forming  a  net- 
work, the  pericarp  much  thickened,  2 '5-3  mm.  1.,  4-5  mm.  br. 


2.  ERYNGIUM    L. 

Herbs   mostly   perennial.      Leaves  usually  with  spiny  teeth, 
undivided  or  lobecl  or  deeply  cut.     Flowers  sessile  in   heads  or 


Fig.  154.— Eryngium  fcetidv.m  L. 

A,  End  of  flowering  shoot,  nat.  size.  D,  Flower  cut  lengthwise,  the  petals 

B,  Radical  leaf,  slightly  reduced.  having  dropped,  x  16. 

C,  Head  of  flowers  X  2J.  E,  Fruit  x  10. 

dense  spikes,  each  flower  with  a  bract,  the  exterior  bracts 
forming  an  involucre,  hermaphrodite.  Calyx-teeth  stiff,  sharp. 
Petals  with  inflexed  point.  Disk  with  a  thick  margin.  Fruit 


Eryngium  UM  BELLI  FEK.-E  427 

only  slightly  compressed,  with  a  broad  commissure ;  primary 
ribs  equal,  scarcely  or  very  slightly  prominent — neither  ribs  nor 
vitta-  evident  in  West  Indian  species.  Carpophore  wanting. 

Species   220,   dispersed   throughout    temperate    and    warmer 
regions,  but    in    Africa    only  met   with    in    the    Mediterranean 


region. 


E.  foetidum  L.  Sp.  PI  232  (1753);  Sic.  Obs.  110;  J 
Jam.  ii.  187  ;  Griseb.  Fl.  Br.  W.  Ind.  308  ;  Oliver  Fl.  Trop.  Afr. 
ii/.  6;  Urb.  in  Fl.  Bra*,  ti.pt.  1,  301,  t.  79,  /.  2,  Synth.  Ant.  iv. 
472  &  viii.  511;  IVolff  in  Enyl.  Pfianzenreich  UmbeU/f.- 
San'tcnloid,  203;  Rendle  Class!/.  Fl.  >/.  ii.  415,  fig.  205. 
E.  foliis  angustis  serratis  &c.  Sloane  Cat.  127  &  Hist.  i.  264, 
t.  156,  /'.  3  A:  4.  Specimen  in  Herb.  Linn,  named  by  Linnaeus. 
(Fig.  154.) 

Spirit  Weed,  Fit  Weed. 

SlocDic  Herb.  v.  47,  48  !  Houstoiinl  BrougJitonl  Shakespear  \  Bancroft ! 
St.  Mary,  McX'abl  Phoenix  Park,  Moneague,  Priori  Golden  Valley, 
Thompson  \  Hope  Grounds,  700  ft.,  Harris  I  Fl.  Jam.  8042,  11,888 ; 
Hardware  Gap,  G.  E.  Nichols,  105  ! — West  Indies,  trop.  cont.  America. 

Biennial  herb,  1-2  ft.  high,  with  2-forked  branching.  Leaves  :  radical 
to  25  cm.  1.,  l'5-2'5(— 4)  cm.  br.,  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  apes  obtuse, 
clasping  the  stem  at  the  base,  coarsely  toothed,  teeth  mucronate  ;  lower 
stem-leaf  like  the  radical  leaves  but  smaller  and  more  deeply  toothed, 
the  rest  smaller  still  and  with  the  apex  3-5-cleft.  Flower-heads  cylindrical, 
tc  1*5  cm  1.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  5-6,  leaf -like,  to  3  cm.  1.,  unequal, 
lanceolate,  acute,  the  margins  entire  or  with  a  few  spiny  teeth.  Sepals 
•5-1  mm.  1.  Petals  '6- '7  mm.  1.  Fruit  covered  with  scales,  to  2  rnni.  1. 

3.  APIUM  L. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  glabrous.  Leaves  thrice-pinnate 
(or  pinnate).  Umbels  compound,  opposite  the  leaves  in  Jamaican 
species.  Involucre  and  involucel  wanting  in  Jamaican  species. 
Flowers  white.  Calyx-teeth  wanting.  Petals  ovate.  Fruit 
laterally  compressed.  Mericarps  with  5  ribs,  and  single  vittaa 
between  the  ribs. 

Species  about  30,  dispersed  throughout  almost  the  whole 
wt  >  rid. 

A.  leptophyllum  -P.  i-.  J/~>"7/.  ex  B<  ntli.  FL  Auxlr.  Hi.  372 
(1*66);  Sprae/ue  in  Journ.  Bot.  Lei.  129.  A.  ammi  L'rb.  in  FL 
Bras.  .'•>'.  pt.'l.  :U1,  /.  HI  (1879)  (non  Crantz)  &  Si/ ml.  Ant.  viii. 
512  :  Coult.  <(•  Rose  in  Contrib.  U.S.  Nat.  H<-rl>.  vii.  86  :  Small  FL 
S.E.  U.S.  e<L  2,  866.  Sison  ammi  Jacq.Hort.  Vindob.  ii.  95,  /.  200 
(1772)  (non  L.).  Helosciadium  leptophyllum  DC.  Pro'!,-,  /r. 
105  (1830);  M.irf.  Jain.  ii.  188  j  Griseb.  FL  7>V.  1!'.  L,,L  308. 
H.  Ammi  Brltt.  FL  Benn.  279  (1918)  ;  11,-ltt.  <(•  MUl^>.  Jl<iJt.  FL 
314.  Specimen  from  Jacquin  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  (Fig.  155.) 


428 


FLORA    OF    JAMAICA 


Coffee-pieces,  Port  Royal  Mts.,  Mucfadyenl  roadsides.   ETopj  : 
ur  Castleton,  C.IH)  ft.;    Walderston,  2(500    ft.;    7/arm-!    Fl.    .Jam. 

11,894,   12,759;    near   I  -1.  a-ant  Hill,  3600  ft.,  Af/s.s  J.  J:.  Perkins,  1J71  ! 

Bermuda, Bahamas,  Cuba,  llispaiiiola,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique,  I'.arbudos, 

trop.  cout.  America,  Australia. 

An.  erect  or  spreading  slender  glabrous  annual.    Leaves  thrice-ternately 

divided  into   numerous  linear   or   thread-like   segments,  the   lower   with. 


Fig.  155. — Apium  leptophyllum  F.  v.  Muell. 

A,  Branch  with  leaves  and  flowers  X  §.  C,  Flower  cut  lengthwise  x  34. 

B,  Umbellule  x  12.  D,  Fruit  X  17. 

rather  long  petioles,  the  upper  petioles  shorter,  a  sheath  at  the  base  of 
the  petioles.  Umbels  usually  sessile,  sometimes  with  peduncle  (1-2  crn.l.), 
opposite  the  leaves,  of  1-3  rays  (8-12  mm.  1.) ;  umbellule  bearing  8-15 
flowers;  pedicels  2-7  mm.  1.,  central  flower  sometimes  sessile.  Fruit 
1-5-2-5  mm.  1.,  ovoid,  slightly  laterally  flattened;  mericarps  with  5  pro- 
minent ribs,  one  vitta  in  each  narrow  furrow ;  carpophore  shortly 
2-forked  at  apex. 

The  following  species  are  escapes  from  cultivation  :- 

Arracacia  xanthorrhiza  Bancroft  in  Jamaic.  Journ.  iv.  18 
(1826)  (ex  Ind.  Ken:  /.  193).  A.  esculenta  DC.  Prodr.  iv.  244 
(1830);  Sot.  31ag.  3092:  Macf.  Jam.  ii.  189;  Cook  &  Collins  in 


Apium  UMBELLIFEK^E  429 

Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb.  viii.  84.  Conium  arracacha  Hook.  Exot. 
Fl.  ii.  152  (1825).  Arracacha.  Native  of  northern  S. 
America. 

Petroselinum  sativum  Hoffm.  Gen.  Umb.  177  (1814);  DC. 
Prodr.  iv.  102  (1830).  Apium  Petroselinum  L.  Sp.  PL  264 
(1703).  Parsley.  Native  of  S.  Europe. 

Fceniculum  vulgare  31  ill.  Gard.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768).  Fennel. 
Native  in  Europe,  N.  Africa,  W.  Asia  to  India. 

Pastinaca  sativa  L.  Sp.  PL  262  (1753).  Parsnip.  Native 
in  Europe  and  Siberia. 

Daucus  Carota  L.  Sp.  PL  242  (1753).  Carrot.  Native 
in  Europe,  N.  Africa,  N.  Asia,  W.  Asia  to  India. 


FAMILY  IIlA.     GAKRYACEJE. 

(Omitted  from  Vol.  iii.) 

Tree  or  shrubs,  with  4-angled  twigs.  Leaves  opposite,  entire 
or  with  undulate  margin,  pinnately  nerved  ;  petioles  united  at 
tlieir  base  by  a  ridge.  Inflorescences :  spikes,  sometimes  branched, 
of  unisexual  flowers,  deciduous  when  function  complete,  terminal 
and  axillary.  Flowers  small,  without  petals,  dioecious,  solitary  or 
3  together,  within  decussate  connate  bracts.  Male  inflorescence 
more  or  less  pendulous,  falling  when  pollen  is  shed  ;  flowers 
more  or  less  long-pedicelled ;  calyx  4-parted,  segments  valvate, 
cohering  at  the  top ;  stamens  4,  alternate  with  the  sepals, 
opening  longitudinally.  Female  inflorescence  erect,  falling  on 
ripening  of  fruit  ;  flowers  sessile  or  subsessile  ;  calyx  wanting  ; 
ovary  1 -celled,  styles  2,  ovules  2,  hanging  side  by  side  from  apex 
of  cell.  Berry  ovoid,  crowned  by  the  persistent  styles,  with  one 
or  two  seeds.  Seeds  with  copious  fleshy  endosperm  ;  embryo 
cylindrical,  minute,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  endosperm  ;  coty- 
ledons oblong. 

Species  15,  natives  of  south-western  United  States  and  Mexico, 
with  one  species  in  Jamaica  and  Cuba. 

GARRYA  Dougl. 
Characters  as  in  the  family. 

G.  Fadyenii  Hook.  Ic.  PL  t.  333  (1841) ;  Bcntlt.  Fl.  IIurtu-«j. 
266  ;  DC.  Prod,-,  .ni.pt.  1,  488;  }\'antj<riit  in  Engl.  Pflanzenreich, 
(larryaccse,    14.      Fadyenia    Hookeri    Endl.    Gen.    SuppL    iv. 
(1847)  ;   Griseb.  Fl.  Er.  W.  Ind.   2.^0  &  PL  Writ/lit.  In  Mem.  A,n. 
Acad.  U.S.  viii.  189.     (Fig.  156.) 


430 


FLOKA    <)F    JAM  MCA 


Garnjn 


Mitcf(i(h/cn  ;  .lfr.Y</642l  Purdlc  ;  Flamstcd  and  Trafalgar,  Port  Royal 
Mts.,  Hartweg,l570\  March;  J.P.  1097,  120G,  2117,  Hart  \  Flamstcd  Hill, 
3000ft.;  near  Bellevue,  4500  ft.;  Eggcrs,  3773!  near  Cinchona,  4800  ft., 
Harris!  I'i.  -fani.  12,414. — Cuba,  Hispauiola. 

A  shrub  or  slender  //•<•/•  to  25  ft.  high;  young  twigs  pubescent.  Leaves 
leathery,  narrowly  elliptical,  apex  more  or  less  obtuse  and  mucronulate, 


Fig.  156. — Garrya  Fadyenii  Hook. 

A,  Branch  of  male  inflorescence  X  §.  E,  Female  flower  cut  lengthwise  X  7. 

B,  Male  flower  x  7.  F,  Fruit  X  2. 

C,  Ditto  with  sepals  separated  to  show        G,  Seed  cut  lengthwise,  showing  embryo 

stamens  X  7.  X  4. 

D,  Portion  of  branch  with  female  inflor- 

escence X  §. 

3-7  cm.  1.,  to  3  cm.  br.,  glabrous,  shining  above,  thinly  covered  with 
curved  hairs  beneath  when  young,  becoming  glabrous ;  petiole  1-1-5  cm.  1. 
Inflorescences  densely  tomentose  throughout;  male  2-3  cm.  1.,  branching; 
female  to  5  cm.  1.,  with  lanceolate  bracts.  Fruit  drying  black,  globose, 
glabrate,  5-7  mm.  in  diam. 


INDEX 

(Synonyms  in  italics) 


PAGE 

AbelmoscJius  esculent  us  MocncJi  143 

moschatus  Medic.  .  .  .  142 

ABUTILON  Gaertn 97 

abutiloides  K.  Schum.  .  101 

offinis  &c.  Sloane  .  .  .  15G 

aliud  resicariiimdc.  Plum.  99 

americanum  Sweet.  .  .  101 

arboreum  dc.  Sloane  .  .  166 

crispum  Medic,  (fig.  42)  .  98 

elatum  Griseb 102 

fruticosumfoliisdc.  Sloane  164 


giganteum  Sweet 


102 


herbaceum  procumbcns  &c. 

Sloane     ' 165 

hirtum  Sweet  ....  98 

indicum  Sweet ....  100 

Jaci'j_uinii  G.  Don  .      .      .  101 

leiospermum  Griseb.  .      .  100 

lignosum  G.  Don    .      .      .  101 

lucianum  Sweet     ...  96 

pauciflorum  St.  Hil.    .      .  102 

pedunculare  Griseb.     .      .  102 

periplocifolium  Siveet .      .  95 

permolle  Sweet       .      .      .  101 

repens  dc.  Dill.       .      .      .  103 

striatum  Dicks.      .      .      .  103 

urnbellatum  Sweet      .      .  97 
vesicarium     crispum     &c. 

Dill 99 

Aceri      vel      Paliuro      affinis 

angusto  &c.  Sloane    ...  59 

Aceris  fructu  &c.  Sloane     .      .  251 

Achania  Malvaviscus  Sw. .      .  133 

pilosa  Sw 138 

ACISANTHERA  P.  Br.      .      .      .  354 

erecta  dc.  Browne  .      .      .  354 
quadrata  Juss.(Fig.  129)  354, 355 

recurva  Griseb,       .      .      .  354 

ADELOBOTRYS  DC 358 

adscendens    Triana    (Fig. 

132) 358,  359 

scandens  Macf. ....  358 

Akea  sulitaria  Stokes    ...  57 

Akee 57 

Akecsia  africana  Tussac    .      .  57 

Alcea  acctosa  dc.  Sloane     .      .  136 

cibaria  dc.  Pluk.    ...  87 

fruticosa      aquatica      tfc. 

Sloane  132 


PAGE 

Alcea — continued. 

liirsuta  &c.  Sloane.      .      .  142 

indica  &c.  Pluk.     .      .      .  127 
maxima  .  . .  fructu  2^'^a- 

gono    &c. ;    and     ,,     ,, 

decagono  dc.  Sloane      .  143 

moschata  dc.  Pluk.      .      .  142 
populi    folio    incano    &c. 

Sloane       .      .      .95,  96,  121 
populi    folio     villoso    dc. 

Sloane 120 

ALLOPHYLUS  L 49 

Cominia  Sw 50 

jamaicensis  Badlk.      .      .  51 

pachyphyllus  Eadlk.   .      .  51 

All-spicetree.      .      .      .  326 
Alni     fructu     laurifolia     dc. 

Sloane .  309 

fructu,     morifolia     dc. 

Sloane 157 

Althxa  americana  incana  dc. 

Pluk 166 

coromandeliana     angustis 

dc.  Pluk 119 

corymbosa  Sic 131 

flore  luteo  Sloane   .      .      .  117 
jamaicensis    arborea     dc. 

Pluk 133 

maderaspatana  &c.  Pluk.  116 

maritima  dc.  Browne  .      .  140 

orientalis  bidcns  dc.Pluk.  116 

racemosa  Sw 132 

Scammonii  dc.  Pluk. .      .  95 
spicata      betonicx      folio 

villoso  spica  breviori  a- 

laxiori  Sloane     .      .      .  110 
spicata  . .  .flore   luteo  &c. 

Sloane 106 

spicata    .    .    .  villosissimo 

Sloane 165 

uliginosa    frutesccns    dc. 

Browne 132 

virginiana  dc.  Pluk.   .      .  Ill 

American  Gooseberry.  385 

AMMANNIA  L 294 

coccinea  Rottb.      .      .      .  295 

latifolia  Griseb.      .      .      .  295 
latifolia  L.  (fig.  114)    .   294, 295 

sanguinolenta  Sw.       .      .  295 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


PAUB 

AMOMIS  Berg      ..... 

ris  Berg    .....     3_;7 
caryophyllata  Kr.  it  Url>. 

(fi0'.  1-26,  c,  c')      .      .825,  326 
jamaicensis  Britt.  <&  Harris  327 
<>bl«nij<if(t  Jicnj        .       .       .      327 
Pimento  JJerg    ....      oJ7 
jiimaituidcs  Berg    .      .      .     3^7 
AMPELEDACE^B  ....       73 
A:\irELOCissus  Plan-.h.       .      .       70 
Alexaudri  Urb.       ...       76 
Kobinsonii  Planch.      .      .       76 
Amyris  balsamifera  L.        .     .     141 
Hype  late  L  .....       60 

60 
60 
4 
5 

4 

6 
5 

351 
351 


A.  Robinson 
l;  'binsonii  DC.      .. 
AXACARDIACEJE       .. 
Anacardi  sp.  Rheedc      .. 

AXACARDIUM  L 

fructu  &c.  Browne       . 
occidentale  L.  (fig.  2) 
Anamomis  dichotoma  Sarg. 
fragrans  Griseb.     .      . 

grandis  Britt  .....  351 

punctata  Griseb.     .      .      .  351 

Anchovy  Pear.      .      .      .  209 

Angelic  a  Tree.      .      .      .  420 

Anguria  prima  Citmllus  &c. 

Sloane  .......  264 

Annatto     ......  206 

ANODA  Cav  .......  106 

acenfolia  DC  .....  107 

liastata  Schleclit.    .      .      .  107 

Antidote  Cocoon.      .      .  271 

Apcirincs  folio  dx.  Sloane  .      .  294 

APIUM  L  .......  427 

ammi  Urb  ......  427 

leptophylluni  F.  v.  Muell. 
(fig.  155)  ....  427,  428 

Petroselinum  L.  429 
Aporocactus  Jiagelliformis  Le- 

maire    .......  282 

AQUIFOLIACEJE.      ...  19 

Aralia  arborca  L  .....  419 

arborea  foliis  dc.  Browne  419 

capitata  Jacq  .....  417 

foliis  ovatis  <£c.  Plum.      .  420 

Sciodaphyllum  Sw.     .      .  415 

AKALIACEJE    .....  413 

Arbor  altissima  &c.  Broicne    .  200 

baccij'tra  foliis  &c.  Sloane  214 
baccifera,  laurifolia,  aro- 

matica  &c.  Sloane  .  .  207 
baccifera,  myrti  folio 

latiore  &c.  Sloane  .  .  334 
cortice  &c.  Browne  .  289,  290 
foliis  cordatis  myrtineis 

d'C.  Browne  402 


PAGE 

Arbor — contui/i. 

iint.i  linn  forte  d'C.  Sloan,'  .  \ 
minor      diri'tiut,      obscure 

nrcns  AC.  Browne    .     .  183 

Arbiiscnlti  jai)tfiie<  us! 

nc  uros  d'c.  PI  til; 388 

jamaicensis  guinquenervis 

d-c.  Pink 386 

Arracacha     

Arracacia  esculcnta  DC.     .      .  428 

xauthorrhiza  Bancroft     .  428 

ARTHROSTEMA  Ruiz  &  Pav.     .  357 
fragile  Lindl.  (fig.  131)  357,  358 

ASCYRUM  L 202 

crux-Andreas  L 203 

foliis  oblongis  d~c.  Plum.  .  203 

fniticosum  ct:c.  Broicne     .  203 
hypericoides  L.  (fig.  79) 

202,  203 

AUERODENDROX  Urb.    ...  xii 

jamaicense  Urb.     ...  xii 

Aulomyrcia  leptoclada  Berg    .  329 

AYENIA  L 160,  161 

Isevigata  Sw 162 

magna  L.  (fig.  61,  D,  T.)    .  160 

pusilla  L.  (fig.  61,  A-C)     .  161 

Baccifera  indica  &c.  Sloane     .  50 

Balsa  Wood 153 

Bunisteria  lupuloidcs  L.    .      .  7~2 

Bartramia  indica  L.     ...  82 

Lappago  Gacrtn.    ...  82 

BastardBryony.        .      .  77 

Cedar  ..      .      .      .  157,  158 

GreenHeart    .      .      .  323 

Lignum  Vitae  ...  07 

Mahoe       .      .           .      .  170 

Mahogany.      .      .      .  56 

BASTARDIA  H.  B.  &  K.       .      .  120 

bivalvis   H.  B.  &  K.  (fig. 

47,  B,  c) 121 

parvifolia  H.  B.  A  K..      .  IvQ 

spinifex  Tr.  &  Planch.      .  121 
viscosa   H.    B.  eV  K.  (fig. 

47,  A) 120 

Bay  Berry  Tree      .      .      .  327 

BayRuniTree.      .      .      .  327 

Beet  Wood 18 

BEGONIA  L 249 

acuminata  Dryand.     .      .  251 
acutifolia  Jacq.  (fig.  96)250,251 

acntifolia-Sw 252 

glabra  Aubl.  (fig.  96)    .      .  250 

hirtella  Link     ....  253 

humiiis  Dryand.    .      .      .  253 

jamaicensis  A.  DC.     .      .  252 

minor  Jacq 251 

nitida  Ait.  251 


INDEX 


PAGE 

BEGONIA — continued. 

obliqua  L 250,  251 

obli^ua  L'Herit.     ...  251 

peponifolia  Vis.      .      .      .  253 

Purdieana  A.  DC.  .      .      .  252 

parpurea  Sw 252 

scandens  Sic 250 

BEGOXIACE^E      ....  249 
Betonica  arborescens  foliis  dc. 

Pluk '  .      .      .108 

arborescens       Maderaspa- 

tana  dc.  Pluk.    .      .      .  168 

Bichy 170 

BIXA  L 205 

foliis  dc.  Browne    .      .      .  205 
Orellana  L.  (fig.  81)     .  205,  206 

BIXACEJE 205 

Black  Iron  Wood       .      .  65 

Olive 307 

Velvet 68 

BLAKEA  L 400 

fruticosa  &c.  Browne  .      .  400 

trinervia  L.  (fig.  144)     400,  401 

Urbaniana  Cogn.    .      .      .  402 

BLIGHIA  Koenig      ....  57 

sapida  Koen 57 

Blood  Wood.      .      .      .     IS,  189 

Boar  Tree 9 

Bohadschia  liumifitsa  Prcsl    .  230 

BOMB  AC  ACE  j£      ....  149 

Bombast    Makoe    .      .      .  153 

Bombax  aculcatum  L.  .      .      .  150 

cciba  Lun 150 

foliis     digitatis,    brachiis 

erecto-patentibiLS  Browne  150 

inerme  L 150 

occidentale  Spreng.      .      .  150 

orientale  Spreng.    .      .      .  150 

pentandrum  L.  150 

porrcctis  Browne    .      .      .  150 

pyramidalc  Cav.     .      .      .  153 

Bottle  Gourd     .      .      .      .  266 

Bradleia  A.  Robinson  .      .      .  223 

Break-axe  Tree.      .      .      .  90 

Broad  Leaf  Tree   .      .      .  304 

Broom  Weed.      .      .      .    85,108 

Broom      Weed,      Broad- 

leafed 112 

Brown  Leaf   R  o d-w o o d  .  346 

Jiryonr  d'Ameri^ue  Descourt  .  269 
Bryonia    alba   gcniculata   <tr. 

Sloane 77 

alb/i  triphylla  geniculata, 
foliis       crassis      acidi* 

Sloane 78 

alba      triphi/lla    maxima 

Sloane 78 

foliis  Jiirtis  dc.  Browne     .  269 
v. 


PAGE 

Bryonia — continued. 

guadtilupcnsis  Spreng.     .  256 

racemosa  Mill 269 

racemosa  &c.  Plum.     .      .  263 
Bryonoides    trifoliatum    indi- 

cum  dc.  Pluk 73 

Buceras  ramulis  &c.  Browne  .  307 

BUCHENAVIA  Kichl.       .      .      .  308 

capitata  Eichl.       .      .      .  308 

BUCIDA  L 306 

buceras  L.  (tig.  120)    .   306,  307 

capitata  Valil    ....  308 

Bull  Hoof 240 

Bur-bush 81 

B  u  r-w  e  e  d 81 

Burn-nose  Bark      .      .      .  288 

Burn  Wood 9 

Button  Mangrove     .      .  310 

Button  Tree      .      .      .      .  310 

Button  Wood    .      .      .      .  310 

BUXACE.E 1 

Buxi  folio  majore  &c.  Sloane  .  32 

Buxus  L 1 

bahamensis  Baker       .      .  3 

laevigata  Spreng.  (fig.  1)   .  2 
niacrophylla      Fawc.      & 

Rendle 3 

pulcJiella  Baill.      ...  2 

Purdiana  Baill.     ...  2 

Vahlii  Baill.  3 


CabbageBark.      .      .      .  176 

Cacao 160 

Cacao  Sloane 160 

C.  minus  Gaertn 160 

C.  guianensis  Aubl.       .      .      .  160 

C.  Theobroma  Tussac   .      .      .  160 

CACTACE^E 271 

Cactier  en  Eacj_uette  Descourt.  27-^ 

Cactus  alatus  Sw 2S6 

bracliiatus    d    articulatis 

articulis    oblongo-ovatis 

tt-c.  Browne    ....  277 

brachiatus    d   articulatnx 

articulis       ovatis       dv. 

J>n>wnc 277 

bracliiatus   d    articulatus 

snbincnnis  dc.  Browne  i^Ti 

cochenillifer  L.  274 

cylindraci'iis  ,ir.  Browne  .  27'J 
cijlindraccns  .  .  .  2>usillus 

dc.  Browne    .      .      .      .  282 
d, 'bills  dc.  Browns 

Dillcnii  Ker-Gtiwl.      .      .  273 
erect  us  .   .   .  tenuior      dc. 

Browne - 

Ficus-indica  L.     ...  278 

•2   F 


434 


OF    JAMAICA 


Cactus — contimi' 

.     .      .      .  \ 

us  1 2M 

Jnt)>:ilis  dr.  i'.iMinie     .      .  2-:'. 

incrm';*  dr.  I'iani.        .      .  2>4 

M.          In*  L - 

mi  fix  .1 «  .  y./  .      .      .  2>r> 

jv  -vs  Z/ 284 

•  ititicus     mi',  mis     dc. 

Browne 284 

lulnlus  Sir 284 

•eskia  L ^72 

•  •urianns  L 279 

Ph iillantli us  L.      .      .      .286 

polyanthos  Bot.  Mag.  .      .  i^TT 

sarmcntvxnx  dr.  Uroirnc   .  27:-! 

triangularis  L.  (fig.  108,  c)  280 

Tuna  L 276 

Calaba  dc.  Plum 200 

CALOPHYLLUM  L 199 

brasiliense  Camb.  .      .      .  200 

Burmanni  Wight  .      .      .  200 

Calaba  Jacq 200 

foli is  d~c.  Browne    .      .      .  1:98 
Jacquinii  Fa\vc.  &  Keiidle 

(fig.  77)     ....  199,  200 

longifolium  Willd.      .      .  200 

CALYCOGO^IDM  DC.      .      .      .  382 

glabratum  DC.       ...  BS2 

glabratum  Macf.    .      .      .  383 
rharnnoideum  Naud.  (fig. 

138) 383 

CALYPTRAXTHES  Sw.     .      .      .  318 

acutissirna  Urb.      .      .      .  322 

cliytraculia  Suit.  .      .      .  322 
chytraculia  Sw. 
discolor  Urb.     . 
Fawcettii  Kr.  &  "Crb. 
irnpressa  Urb.  . 
Alaxonii  Britt.  &  Urb. 
nodosa  Urb. 
pallens  Griseb. 
rigida  Macf. 


rigida  Sw. 

rigida  Tuss 

Syzygium  Sic 

Tussaceana  Berg    . 
umbelliformis  Kr.  &  Urb. 
Urbanii  Fawc.  &  Eeudle  . 
Wilsonii  Griseb. 
Zuzygium  Sw.  (fig.  125)  320, 
Camellia  sinensis  Kiintzc  . 

Tliea  Link 

viridis  Link 


324 

ai9 

321 
320 
323 
322 
320 
319 
324 
320 
324 
321 
323 
320 
321 
189 
189 
189 


COlliililh       . 

Us  dr.    . 
\ViutcruiKi < lacrtn. (fig. 

CANELLACK.1-:     .      .      . 

CARDIO>!'I  KMUM  L. 

corindum  L. 

grandiflorum  Sw.  (fig. 

hulicacabum  L. 

lialicacabum  L.  A, 

lialicacabum  L.  Herb. 

loxensr  A' mi th  . 

microcarpum  H.  B. 

mollc  K until 

scandens  etc.  Browne 

villosnm  &c.  Browne 

villosum  Mac/. 
CARICA  L. 


21) 


PAOK 

.     207 
82) 
207,  208 

.     207 

.       46 
.       18 

47 
48 
49 
18 

,  49 
48 
49 
48 

48,  49 
,  49 
244 
244 
246 
245 
246 
246 


:  K. 


244 


fronde  &c.  Browne 

jamaiceiisis  Urb     . 
Papaya  L.  (fig.  94) 

posoposa  L 

prosoposa  Lun. 
sylvestris  minor  lobisminus 
d-c.  Browne    ....     246 

CARICACEJE 243 

Carrot 429 

Carijoplujllus  aromaticus  Ind. 

Occ.  foliis  &c.  Pluk.  .     .     .  327 

r'"lio  &c.  Pink 326 

foliis. .  .altcrnis £c.  Browne  326 

fo His... oppositi s (£c .Browne  327 

fntticosus  d~c.  Browne       .  338 

fniticosus  Hill.       .      .      .  338 

Lauri  &c.  Pink.     .      .      .  326 

Pimento  Mill 326 

raccmoaus  Mill.      .      .      .  327 

C  a  s  h  e  w  T  r  e  e  6 


Candela  americana  Catcsby    .     301 

CANELLA  Sw 207 

alba  Murr.  _0i 


CASE  ARIA  Jacq. 

aculeata  Jacq.  . 

arborea  Urb. 

cuntracta  Urb.  . 

guianensis  Urb. 

hirsuta  Sw. 

liirta  Griseb. 

hirta  Sw. 

mollis  H.  B.  &  K.  . 

nitida  Jacq.  (fig.  84) 

odorata  Macf.    . 

par VI flora  Macf. 

rami flora  VaJtL 

serrata  Macf.     . 

scrrulata  Griseb.     . 

spinosa  Willd.  . 

atipularis  Vent. 

sylvestris  Sw.    . 
C  a  s  s  a  d  a  Wood. 


.  212 
.  215 
.  213 
.  221 
.  214 
.  216 
.  216 
.  215 
.  216 

212,  213 
.  215 
.  214 

215,  216 
.  213 
.  213 
.  215 
.  213 
.  214 
38 


INDEX 


435 


PAGE 

Cassia  Cinamomca  s.  Cinamo- 
inum     sylvestri     Barbadcn- 

sium  &c.  Pink 207 

CASSIPOUREA  Aubl.       .      .      .  301 
Brittoniana       Fawc.       & 

Rendle 303 

elliptica  Poir.  (fig.  118)     .  302 

subcordata  Britt.   .      .      .  303 

subsessilis  Britt.    .      .      .  303 

Cassuvium  ppmiferum  Lain.  .  6 

Cassuvium  Rumph.       ...  5 

Cassytha  filiformis  Mill.   .     .  2S4 

CAYAPONIA  Manso   ....  267 

racemosa  Cogn.  (fig.  103) .  268 

Ceanothus  asiaticus  L.  70 

Chtoroxylon  Nees  ...  64 

colubrinus  Macf.    ...  68 

ferreus  DC 65 

rcclinatus  L'Herit.      .      .  68 

Sarcomphalus  DC.      .      .  66 

sphxrocarpus  DC.       .      .  71 

Cedar,  Bastard       .      .  157,  158 

Ceiba     .      .      ...      .      .      .150 

CEIBA  Gaertn 150 

casearia  Medic.       .      .      .  150 

pentandra  Gaertn.  (fig.  56)  150 

Cenchramidea  &c.  Pink.    .     .  192 
jamaicensis  inori folia  <£c. 

Pluk 157 

Centelia  asiatica  Urb.  .      .      .  425 
repanda  Small .      .      .      .425 
Cephalocereus  Swartzii  Britt. 

&  Hose 279 

Cerasee 259,  260 

Cerasee,  Smaller.      .      .  260 
Ceratonia  affinis  siliqiiosa  <£c. 

Sloane 170 

CEREUS  Miller 278 

alatus  DC 286 

altissimus  <£c.  Trcw     .      .  279 
altissimns     gracilwr     Ac. 

Sloane 279 

crassissimus  etc.  Sloane    .  279 

eriophorus  Herb.  Berol.   .  280 
flagelliformis   Miller    (fig. 

108,  A,  B) 282 

gracilis  Miller  ....  279 

cjracilis  scandens  &c.  Trew  280 
grandifiorus     Miller    (fig. 

108,  D) 280 

minimus      scandens      tCc. 

Ehrct 282 

minima  serpens  (&c.  Sloane  2*2 

peruvianus  Britt.  &  Jrtose  279 

peruvianus  Miller  .      .      .  279 

»andus  Haworth       .      .  27') 

Swartzii  Griseb.  279 


triangularis  Haw. 


280 


PAGE 


379 


Chsenopleura    quadrafigularis 
Macf.    ....... 

Cliumxcistus  caule  hirsute  &c. 

Sloane  .......  230 

•urticfn  folio  <&c.  Sloane      .  229 
Changeable      Rose      or 

Hibiscus    .....  139 

CHARIANTHUS  Don.      .      .      .  365 

Fadyenii  Griseb.  (fig.  135)  366 

tinifolius  D.  Don   ...  367 

Chaw  Stick   .....  72 

Chayota  edulis  Jacy.     .      .      .  258 

Chew  Stick   .....  72 

Chitonia  albicans  Don       .      .  381 

macrophylla  D.  Don    .      .  369 

Chloroxylum  foliis  &c.  Browne  64 

Cho-cho     ......  258 

Chocolate    Tree     .      .      .  160 
Chytraculia        arborea       d~c. 

Browne       ......  322 

Chytraculia  Milhp.     ,      .  322 

CINXAMODENDROX  Endl.    .      .  208 

corticosum  Miers  (fig.  S3)  209 

Cionandra  racemosa  Griseb.    .  269 

CIONOSICYS  Griseb.        .      .      .  264 

pomiformis    Griseb.    (fig. 

101)     .      .      .      243,  264,  265 

Cissus  L  .......  76 

acida  L  ......  78 

alatus  Jac<i  .....  78 

cucurbitacea  Britt.      .      .  79 

rnicrocarpa  Vahl  (fig.  36)  78 

quadrangularis  L.  79 

rugosa  DC.  .      .      .      .      .  76 

sicyoides  L  .....  77 

trifoliata  L.       .      .      .      77,  78 

Cistns  urticx  folio  d'c.  Sloane  229 

CITRULLUS  Schrad.       .      .      .  263 

vulgaris  Schrad.     .      .      .  264 

Clematitis.  .  .angustod-c.  Plum.  238 

hederaceo  &c.  Plum.    .      .  238 
indica    flore    clavato    d~c. 

Plum.       .....  240 

indica  flore   punicco    C(T. 

Plum  ......  243 

indica    fructu    citriformi 

&c.  Plum.       .      .      .      .  236 

indica      Jursutii  Ida 

Plum.       .      .      .      .      .  237 

indica  lati  folia  £c.  Plum.  236 

minimo  Ac.  Plum.        . 

pallido  d~c.  Plum.  .      . 

CLEYERA  Choisy      ....  184 

tJicoidcs  Cltoi^f       .      .      .  is:, 
CLIDEMIA  D.  Don    .... 

ayrc*ti*  Mm-/.   .      .      .  •   .  388 

n.'i/'i.'rifcliti  Naud.  .      .      .  398 

Berterii  (.Sriscb.      ...  389 

O     ra     O 

JL    F    J 


436 


n.<>l;A    OF    .lAMAIi  A 


PAGE 

CLIDEMIA— confine  d. 

capillaris  Griseb.    .      .      .  390 

crossof)ctala  Cogn.  .      .      .  390 

crossosi^ala  Griseb       .   389,  390 

irijtliropogon  DC.  .      .      .  386 

Griesbacliii  Cogn..      .      .  390 

Jiirsuta  Griseb 397 

hirsute  Mncf 398 

hirta  D.  Don  (fig.  140)  386,  387 

hirtcUa  Griseb 397 

lima  Griseb 398 

microphylla  Griseb.     .     .  397 

pilosa  Cogn 389 

plumosaDC 389 

scabrosa  Griseb.      .      .  399,  400 

septuplinervia  Cogn.  .     .  389 

spicataDC 388 

strigillosa  DC 388 

Swartzii  Griseb.    .      .      .  389 

umbrosa  Cogn.        .      .      .  389 

Climbing  Melon   .      .      .  264 

Clove  11  Berries      .      .      .  216 

CLUSIA  L 191 

arbor ea  dc.  Browne     .      .  193 

clarendonensis  Britton     .  195 

fiava  Jacq 193 

flore  roseo  &c.  Plum.    .      .  192 

havetioidea  Planch.  &  Tr.  194 

major  L 192,  193 

rosea  Jacq.  (fig.  74)     .  192,  193 

siivicola  Britton     .      .      .  192 

stenocarpa  Urb.     .      .      .  194 

Co  by 56 

Coccinia  cordifolia  Cogn.   .      .  266 

grandis  Roem 266 

Cock  spur 216 

Cocoa 160 

Cogwood 64 

Cola 171 

COLA  Schott 170 

acuminata  Schott  &  Endl.  170 

Colocynth 264 

COLUBRIXA  L.  C.  Rich.      .      .  67 

asiatica  Brongn.     ...  69 

Colubrina  Millsp.  ...  68 

ferruginosa  Brongn.    .      .  68 

reclinata  Brongn.  (fig.  32)  68 

COMBRBTACB^.      ...  303 

COMBBETUM  L 312 

Jacquinii  Griseb.  .  .  .  312 

laxum  Siv 312 

Marchii  Fawc.  &  Rendle 

(fig.  123,  A-C)  .  .  312,  313 
Robinsonii  Fawc.  &  Rendle 

(fig.  112,  D)  .  .  .  312,  313 

Cominia  arborea  dc.  Browne  .  50 

•COMOCLADIA  L 10 

caudice  &c.  Broii'iic  11 


COMOCLADIA — 

cordata  I'.ritt.    . 
grandidentata  lii-itt.   . 
Hollickii  Britt.      .     . 
integrifol/ia  J<ic</.   . 
jamaicensis  Britt.  . 
parvifoliola  Britt.  . 


PAQB 

13 

.  14 
14 
11 
14 
13 

pilosa  Britt 

pinnatifolia  L.  (fig.  6)       .  11 

/>/<>]>iiiqua  Griseb.  ...  13 

juibescens  Engl.      ...  11 

troyensis  Fawc.  &  Rendle  14 

velutina  Britt 

Concombrc  cristophine  Desc.    .  258 

Condalia  fcrrea  Griseb.       .      .  65 

Congo  M ah oe    .      .      .      .  139 

Conium  arracacha  Hook.  .      .  429 

CONOCARPUS  L 308 

erecta  L.  (fig.  121) ...  309 
foliis    elliptico-ovatis    d'C. 

Browne 311 

foliis  oblongis  &c.  Browne  309 

procumbeus  L 311 

racemosa  L 311 

COXOSTEGIA  Don     ....  361 

alpina  Macf.     ....  365 

alternifolia  Macf.  .      .      .  365 
Balbisiana  Ser.  (Fig.  134) 

362,  363 

formosa  Macf.  ....  364 

glabra  Macf.     ....  365 

gloriosa  Macf.   ....  362 

Grisebachii  Cogn..      .      .  363 

macropliylla  Nand.     .      .  365 

montana  D.  Don    .      .      .  364 

procera  D.  Don      .      .      .  362 

rufescens  Naud.      .      .      .  364 

subhirsuta  DC.       .      .      .  364 

superba  Naud.        .      .      .  365 
Corchoro    affinis    chamxdryos 

d-c.  Sloane 85 

COKCHORUS  L 

acutangulus  Lam. . 
aestuans  L 

campestris  Macf.    . 

capsularis  L 

coreta  Elmgrcn.      ...  88 

hirsutus  L 87 

liirtus  var.  K.  Sclium.      .  86 

lanuginosns  Macf.       .      .  fe7 

linearis  Mill 85 

olitorius  L 87,88 

orinocensis    H.    B.    &   K. 

(fig.  38) 56 

pilob'olus  auct 

siliquosus  L 85 

Coreta    foliis    minoribus    d'C. 

Browne                        ...  85 


INDEX 


•">  — 


PAGE 

Cork  Wood 153 

Cotton 147 

Bourbon        .      .      .      .  149 

Chain  or  Kidney       .  147 

S.  American      .      .      .  149 
Sea       Island        and 

LongStaple       .      .  149 

Short  Staple    .      .      .  148 

Stainer 152 

Cotyledon  aquatica  Sloane      .  424 

Crantzia  l&vigata  Sw.  ...  2 
Cronanium         amygdatinum 

Griseb 393 

axilla  re  Macf 393 

integrifolium  Macf.     .      .  371 

rigidum  Macf.  ....  379 
ntbens  DC.  '     .      .      .   377, 378 

tetrandrum  Griseb.      .      .  378 

thcczans  DC 378 

trincrvc  Macf.   ....  370 

virgatum  Griseb.    .      .      .  394 

Crornanty' 56 

Crossopetalum      fniticulosum 

&c.  Browne 28 

pallens  Kuntze        ...  28 

RJiacoma  Crantz    ...  28 

Cuba  Bark 141 

Cucumber 263 

CUCUMIS  L 261 

acutangulus  L.  261 

africanus  Bot.  Reg.     .      .  259 

Anguria  L.  (fig.  100)    .      .  262 

angurix  &c.  Sloane      .      .  263 

Citrullus  Ser 264 

Colocynthis  Schrad.    .      .  264 

foliis  multipartitis  Browne  264 

jamaicensis  Bert.   .      .      .  263 

jamaicensis  Gaud.       .      .  263 

Melo  L 263 

minima  &c.  Sloane      .      .  256 

pnniceus  Sloane     .      .      .  260 

sativus  <&c.  Broicne      .      ,  263 

sativus  L 263 

subhirsutus  £c.  Browne    .  263 

sylvcstris  &c.  Pluk.      .      .  262 

trilobus  L 264 

Cucurbita  &c.  Sloane    .      .      .  266 
arbor   forte  foliis    subro- 

tundis  d~c.  Sloane    .      .  306 
arbor  forte  ....  lanttgine 

ferruginco  &c.  Sloane    .  308 

Citrullns  L 264 

fructu  maximo&c.  Broicne  2('>r> 

lugenaria  L 266 

oblongis  ....  nasccntibits 

Sloane 307 

lillosad'c.  Browne.      .      .  266 

CUCUBBITACE^B  253 


PACK 

Cuf  fey  Wood      .      .      .      .     217 

CUPANIA  L  .......       53 

Cupania  Plum  ......       55 


americana  Gaertn. 

americana  L 

apetala  Macf.    .... 

arborea  <&c.  Browne 

glabra  Sw.  (fig.  24)       .      . 

multijiiga  Rich. 

oppositifolia  Rich. 

saponarioides  Sic.        .      .52 

tomentosa  Sw 

CUPHEA  Adans 

ciliata  Koehne 

decandra  R.  Br. 

ignea  A.  DC 

Melanium  R.  Br.   . 

Parsonsia  R.  Br.  (fig.  113) 

petiolata  Koehne   . 

platycentra  Lemaire   . 

racemosa  Spreng.   . 

radicans  Macf. 

viscosissima  Jacq. 
Currant  Cactus     . 
CYRILLA  L 

antillana  Michx.    . 

racemiflora  L.  (fig.  8). 
CYRILLACE^E      .... 
Cytisus     arboreus    foliis    &c. 
Sloane 

Damson  Tr ee     . 
Daphne  Lagctto  Wright 

occidentalis  Sit'. 

tinifolia  Sw 

DAPHNOPSIS  Mart.  &  Zucc.     . 

americana  Urb. 

caribaea  Griseb. 

occidentalis    Kr.    &   Urb. 
(fig.  112) 

Swartzii  Meisn. 

tinifolia  Griseb. 

Daucus  Carota  L 

DA  VILLA  Vand 

brasiliana  DC. 

ciliata  A.  Rich. 

rugosa  Poir.  (fig.  65,  A-C) 

Sagnvana  A.  Rich. 
Davy  a  adscendcns  Griseb. 

guyancnsis  DC. 
D'Aycnia  pusilla  Mill. 
Dendropanax  (irlmrcuni  Dccnc. 
&  Planch 

blakeauum  Britt.    . 

cordifolinm  Jin  ft   . 

elongatum  Britt.    . 

jilipcs  Britt.       . 

grande  Britt 


55 

55 

56 

55 

54 

55 

56 

55 

55 

291 

293 

294 

292 

293 

292 

293 

292 

294 

292 

293 

285 

18 

18 

18 

18 

59 

352 

287 
289 
290 
288 
290 
290 

289 
289 
290 
429 
171 
172 
172 
172 
172 
358 
358 
1G1 

420 
4'22 
421 
421 
422 


438 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


Dendropanax  —  con  /inn,    . 

iiniiutijlonuH  Jtritt.      .      . 

Hittaiis  1  1,  i  /  e.  ii  Planch.  . 

i>,  minium  liritt.      .      .      . 

pendulum  Dc<  ne.<£  1'nmcli. 
Dildo     .      ...... 

DILLENIACEJE   .... 

Diplocltita  ?  angustitlora  Ucnth. 

Fothergilla  Mac/.  .      .      . 


PAQK 


-\-\ 


279 
171 
380 
369 


rulata  DC 

S  ana  DC.     .      . 

Doctor  Tree        .      .      . 

L 

angustifolia  Liun.f.  . 
Burmanniana  DC.  . 
jamaicensis  DC.  .. 
viscosa  Jacq.  (fig.  26)  . 


369 

369 

9 

57 

59 

59 

59 

58 


D  o  -\v  n  T  r  e  e     .....     153 
Dutchman's  Laudanum     240 


East  Indian  Ochra   .  .    .  261 

Ecliinomdocactus  Sloane   .      .  283 

EL.EODE^DRO^  Jacq.  f.  33 

attenuation  Griseb.      .      .  33 

dicecuni  Griseb.  (fig.  15)  .  33 

glaucum  Pers 35 

xylocarpum  DC.     ...  33 

Eriodcndron  anfractnosum  DC.  150 

EROTEUM  Sw 184 

liirsutum  Maza       .      .      .  187 

theteoides  Sw.  (fig.  70)      .  185 

undnlatum  Sw.      .      .      .  187 

ERYXGIUM  L 426 

fcetidum  L.  (fig.  154)  .   426,  427 
foliis  ancjnstis  scrratis  d~c. 

Sloane 427 

EUGENIA  L 329 

abbreviata  Urb.      .      .      .  344 

acutiloba  DC 339 

seruginea  DC 337 

Alexandri  Kr.  &  Urb. .      .  340 

alpina  Willd 336 

amplifolia  Urb.       .      .      .  336 

axillaris  Willd.       .      .      .  346 

balsamica  Jacq.      .      .      .  351 

barnensis  Jac  /.      .      .      .  346 

biflora  DC 338 

brachytbrix  Urb.    .      .      .  340 

bracteataMacf.  ....  351 

Brownei  Urb 

buxifolia  Griseb.    . 
buxifolia  Willd.  (fig.  128) 

343,  344 

chrysophylloid.es  Macf.      .  337 

clarejadonensis  Urb.    .      .  349 

confusa  DC.  348 


350 

348 


Kr<;  I:NIA  —  continual  . 
crenata  Berg     . 
dicliotiniin  I>C. 
disticba  DC 

!ri*<  •//. 


PAGE 


dnmosa 

emarninfitfi  Nacf. 
eperforata  Urb. 
Fadyenii  Kr.  &  Urb.   . 
fili  form  is  Macf. 
floribunda  West 
fragrans  Willd. 
glabrata  DC  ..... 

aJfibrafa  Macf.  .... 

Gregii  DC  ...... 

Harrisii  Kr.  &  Urb.     . 
Hartii  Kiacrsk. 
beterocbroa  Urb.    . 
isosticta  Urb  ..... 

jamaicensis  Berg    . 
Jambolana  Lam.    . 
Jambos  L  ...... 

lampropbylla  Urb. 
la  trri  flora  Griseb.  . 
ligustrina  Willd.    . 
ludibunda  Bert. 
Macnabiana  Urb.  . 
malaccensis  L.        ... 

mandevillensis  Urb.    . 
Marchiana  Griseb. 
modesta  DC  ..... 

monticola  DC  ..... 

monticola  Griseb.   . 
Nicholsii  Fawc.  &  Rendle 
oligandra  Kr.  &  Urb.  . 
pallens  DC  ..... 

pallens  Griseb. 

pallens  Poir  ..... 

periplocifolia  Jacq.  .   . 
Pimento,  DC  ..... 

polyneura  Urb. 

polypora  Urb  ..... 

procera  Nutt  ..... 

pycnoneura  Urb.    . 
Rendlei  Urb  ..... 

rbombea  Kr.  &  Urb.    . 
rigidifolia  Griseb. 
rotundifolia  Macf. 
Schulziana  Urb.     . 
Sloanei  Urb  ..... 

sulcivenia  Kr.  &  Urb. 
uniflora  L  ...... 

rirgata  Macf.    .... 

virgultosa  DC. 
Wallenii  Macf. 
Wilsonella  Fawc.&  Rendle 
Eurycliscnia  punctata  Griseb.  . 


351 

34] 

342 

350 
337 
349 

351 
346 

348 
337 
341 
340 
333 
347 
340 


352 
336 
343 

334 
339 
337 
352 


335 
339 
347 
346 
342 
337 
338 
342 
322 
328 
326 
350 
348 
349 
350 
343 
349 
337 
351 
345 
347 
337 
334 
339 
339 
339 
345 
376 


INDEX 


439 


PAGE 

EXOTHEA  Macf 6L 

oblongifolia  Macf.        .      .       61 
paniculata  Radlk.  (fig.  28)       61 


F<!<ljienia  Hookcri  Endl.    .      ,  429 

Fennel 429 

FEVILLEA  L 209 

cordifolia  L.  (fir-;.  104)    209,  270 

foliis  d~c.  Browne    .      .      .  270 

scandens  L 270 

trilobata  L 270 

Ficus  indica  folio  trianoulari 
tCc.  Sloane.      .      .      .      .      .280 

Fit  Weed 427 

FLACOURTIACE.E    ...  211 
Flos  passionis  folio  . . .  fat i  Jo 

Sloane .237 

,,    folii     media     &c. 

Sloane    .      ,      .  240 
,,    major  pen-taphyllus 

'  Sloane    ...  243 
,,    minor  folio. ..minus 

Sloane    .      .      .  238 
,,    minor     folio  .   .   . 
profundius     d'c. 

Sloane    .      .      .  238 
,,    perfoliatus         &c. 

Sloane    .      .      .  242 

Foeniculum  vulgare  Mill.  .      .  429 

Frangula  sphaerocarpa  Griseb.  71 

FREZIERA  (Sw.)Choisy  (emend.)  186 

dioica  Macf.      ....  34 

Griesbachii    Kr.    &    Urb. 

(fig.  71) 187 

liirsuta  Sin 187 

theoides  Sic 185 

undulata  Sw 187 

Frutcx  baccif erf  olio  t  ('•<?.  Sloane  216 

foliis  majoribus&c.  Browne  287 

FUCHSIA  L 412 

boliviana  Carr.  (fig.  149) 

412,  413 

coccinea  Ait 413 

cuspidata  Fawc.  &  Rendle  413 


Galipee 420 

GARRY  A  Dougl 42'J 

Fadyenii  Hook.  (fig.  156) 

429,  430 

GARRY AC  Kfla        ....  429 

Gayoidc.s  cri.yuni  Small    .      .  99 

Genip  Tree 53 

Ghandimba  d'c.  Sloane       .      .  270 

Gilibertia  Ruiz  &  Puv.        .      .  418 

arborea  March.       .      .      .  419 

blakeana  Fawc.  &  Rendle  422 


• 
Gilibertia — continued. 

cordifolia  Fawc.  &  Rendle  421 

elongata  Fawc.  &  Rendle  421 

filipes  Fawc.  &  Rendle     .  4-_2 

gran  diflora  Fa  we.  &  Rendle  422 

grandis  Fawc.  &  Rendle  .  4^2 

nutans  March.        .      .      .  421 

ovalifolia  Fawc.  &  Rendle  421 

pendula  March.      .      .      .  420 

fcjwartzii  Fawc.  &  Rendle  420 

Glass  Wood 217 

God  Ochra 280 

Golden  Apple    .      .      .      .  236 

Gomidesia,  Lindeniana  Berg  .  329 

Gompliia  guianensis  Gri*eb.    .  176 

jamaicensis  J.  E.  Planch.  176 

laurifolia  Sic 174 

nitida  Valil       ....  176 

Gordonia  lisematoxylon  Sic.     .  l^1.) 

villosa  Macf.     ....  183 

Gossipium  arboreum <&c.  Sloane  150 

GOSSYPIUM  L 146 

acuminatum  Boxb.      .     .  147 

arboreum  L 148 

barbadcnse  var.  a  Griseb.  147 

barbadense  L.  (fig.  55)      .  149 

brasiliense  Macf.    .      .      .  147 
frutt'scens  .  .  .  barbadense 

Pluk 149 

frutescens  . . .  Provident ifj 

Pluk 149 

licrbacenm  cfc.  PluJc.   .      .  1 

birsutuni  L 14^ 

jamaicense  Macf.    .      .      .  148 

lapideum  Tussac    .      .      .  147 

maritimum  Tod.     .      .      .  149 

neglect um  Tod.       .      .      .  14  s 

oligospermum  Macf.    .      .  148 

peruvianum  Gav.  J 

procerius  d~c.  Browne  .      .  lt> 

punctatum  Schnm.      .      .  1 

purpurascens  Poir.      .      .  i 

religiosum  L I 

rcligiosum  Pad.     .      .      .  147 

tricuspidatum  Lam.    .     .  148 

GOUANIA  Jacq 72 

domingensis  L.       ...  72 

glabra,  Jaaj 72 

lupuloides  Urb.  (fig.  34)   .  72 

Granadilla 235 

Gran  adit  t:i L 

Grcenheart  .      .      .      .       64,68 

(illlASL : 

cuulitlora  L.  (fig.  116) 
Gross  it  la  ria  .  .  .  fntctii     niyro 

Sloane  ..."....  374 
Grossularias... folio  maximo  dc. 

Shane  .                              .      .  377 


440 


FLORA    OF   JAMAICA 


I'AGK 

Qrossularise— 

fnictn   ii 

<((-.  Sloanc     ....  G4 

frnct/i  mujn,' <(:c.  Shane  273 

< ;  r  owing  Stick       .     .     .  4 1  s 

GUAXTMA  Adans 157 

bubronni  T/iss.        .      .      .  157 

Gnazuma  Cocli'erell     .      .  157 

tomcntosa  H.  B.  d-  K.        .  157 

ulmifolia  Lam.  (fig.  59)    .  157 

Gnidonia  <tr.  Bruicne    .      .      .  221 

GUTTIFERJE 190 

OYMIXDA  Sarg 29 

Grit-xt'bacliii  Sarg.       .      .  29 

latifolia  Urb.  (fig.  12)       .  29 


Hxmocharis  Choisjf       .      .      .  188 

haematoxylon  Choisy  .      .  188 

Harrera •  gerascantlioid.es>  Macf.  380 

trincrvis  Macf.        .      .      .  380 

Harrisia  eriophora  Britt.  .      .  280 

gracilis  Britt 280 

undata  Britt 280 

Hartmannia  rose  a  G.  Don       .  412 

Heart-pea 47 

Hearts-ease       .      .      .      .  211 

Hcdera  arbor ca  Sir.       .      .      .  420 

capitata  Smitli .      .      .      .  417 

pendula  Griscb.      .      .      .  420 

pendula  Sw 420 

Sciodaphyllum  Sic.     .      .  415 

HEIMIA  Link  &  Otto     ...  296 

grandiflora  Hook.  .      .      .  297 
salicifolia  Link  (fig.  115) 

296,  297 

HELICTERES  L 155 

apetala  Jacq 169 

arbor    ind.    Occident.    &c. 

Pluk 155 

barbadensis  Jacq.  .      .      .  155 

brevior  Mill 156 

Isora  var.  &  L.        .      .      .  155 

jamaicensis  Jacq.  (fig.  58)  155 

spiralis  Northrop   .      .      .  156 

villosa  d-c.  Browne .      .      .  155 

Helosciadiiim  Ammi  Britt.      .  427 

leptopliyllum  DC.  .      .      .  427 

Hemp,  Deccan  or  Arabari  135 

Henna 297 

HEKRIETTEA  DC.  391 


grandifolia  Macf. 
racemosa  Macf. 
ramiflora    DC.    (fig. 

A-C)     .... 
ramiflora  Macf. 
HEXRIETTELLA  Naud.  . 
fascicularis  Triana 


141, 

.  391, 


395 
394 

392 
395 
394 
395 


HENKII  vi  i  I.LA — continual. 

^Incfadycnii  Triana     . 

scssilifolia  Triana  (fig.  141, 

D-G) 

Heteronoma diver sifolium  Link 

d  Otto 

HETEROTRICHUM  DC'.    . 

dubium  ^f(n:f.   .... 

liixpiduin  Griti'b.    . 

inri'iim  DC 

octandrum  ^[a<•f.    . 

octonum  DC 

patens  DC 

umbellatum  Urb.  (fig.  139) 

viscosnm  Macf. 
HIBISCUS  L 

Abelmoscbus  L. 

aqnaticus  Tnssac   . 

arborescens  &c.  Broicnc.    . 

arborens  Dcsv 

arborcjis  &c.  Browne  . 

Bancroftianus  Macf.  . 

bifurcatus  Cav. 

brasiliensis  L 

cannabinus  L 

clypeatus  L 

dominqcnsis  Jacq.  . 

elatus  Sw 

esculcntus  L 

foliis  cordatis  tt'c.  Plum.  . 

foliis  cordato-angulatis  d'C. 
Plum 

foliis    cordato  -  ovatis    &c. 
Plum 

foliis  trilobis  &c.  Plum.    . 

fnttescens  &c.  Browne 

'fruticosus      diffusus      &c. 
Browne 

liispidus  &c.  Browne   . 

lavateroides  Picric. 

lunarifolius  Willd. 

malvaviscus  L.       ... 

moscheutos  Wiight 

mutabilis  L 

pentaspermus  Bcrtero. 

pliccniceus  Jacq. 

pilosus    Fa  we.    &   Handle 
(fig- 52) 

populneus  L 

radiatus  Cav 

ramosus  £c.  Browne    . 

Kosa-sinensis  L.     . 

rufcscens  d~c.  Browne  . 

Sabdariffa  L 

spinifex  L 

spirnlis  Cav 

tampicensis  Moric. 

tiliaceus  L. 


PAGE 

395 
395 

358 
384 


384 

:;M 

385 

384 

384 

388 

134 

142 

139 

153 

140 

141 

138 

135 

136 

135 

139 

139 

141 

142 

129 

139 

137 
139 
133 

139 
142 
136 
138 
133 
142 
139 
143 
136 

137 
145 
136 
142 
138 
136 
136 
129 
137 
143 
140 


INDEX 


441 


PAGE 


HIBISCUS— continued. 
tomentosus  Mill.     . 

trilobus  Aubl 

Trionum  L 

tmncatus  Ricli. 
unilatcralis  Cav.    . 

vitifolius  L 

HIPPOCRATEA  L 

land  folia  Wilson    .      .      . 
malpigliise-folia,  Griscb.     . 
oblongataSolander  (fig.  16) 
ovata  '  Mac/.    .... 
HIPPOCRATEACE/E       .      . 
Hisingera  nitida  Hellenius     . 
Hog  Gum  Tree.      .      .      -9 

Hog  Plum 

HOMALIUM  Jacq 

integrifolium  Britton. 
racemosum  Jacq.  (fig.  89) 
H  o  o  p  W  1 1 h  e .      .      •      •      . 
Hudsunia  arbor ea  A.  Robinson 

HYDROCOTYLE  L 

asiatica  L 

brevipes  DC 

foliis    orbiculatis   peltatis 

&c.  Browne    .      .      .      • 

liumilior  foliis  semi-ellip- 

ticis  &c.  Browne. 
pusilla  A.  Rich. 

re  pan  da  Pcrs 

umbellata  L 

verticillata  Thunb. 
Hylenxa  jamaicensis  Miers 
Hylocercus  triangular  is  Britt. 

&  Rose 

Hypclata  paniculata  Camb.     . 

HYPELATE  Sw 

fntticosa  £c.  Browne  . 

trifoliata  Sw.  (fig.  27). 

HYPERICACEJE  .      .      .      . 

Icacina  dubia  Macf. 
ICACINACE^      ".     .      •      • 
ILEX  L.    .....-• 

cuneifolia  Hool;. 

dioica  Griscb 

iiorifera  Fa\vc.  &  Rendle  . 

Harrisii  Loes 

montana  Griscb.    . 

nitida  Maxim,  (fig.  9) 

obcordata  Sw 

occidentals  Macf. 

sideroxyloides  Gri^eb. 

subtriflora  Griseb. 

uniflora  Favvc.  &  Rendle, 

vaccinoides  Loes.  . 
ILICINE^E        .... 
Indian  Almond 


139 
138 
140 
138 
136 
140 
36 
37 
37 
36 
36 
35 
226 
,198 
16 
223 
•^24 
223 
70 
308 
423 
425 
425 


424 

425 
424 
425 
424 
424 
37 

280 
61 
59 
59 
59 

202 

39 
39 
20 
21 

22 
24 
22 
20 
22 
21 
21 
22 
21 
23 
24 
19 
3<  i.o 


Indian  Fig     

Iron  herbaceusdc.  Bn.irn.- 
Iron  Wood     .      .38,90,189, 
Itoucana  guiancnsis  Aubl. 
Irsiola  scandens  dc.  Browne    . 
scandens     foliis     &c.     A. 
Robinson        .... 
triphijlla  scandens  et  clavi- 
culata  d'c.  Browne   .      . 
tripliylla   scandens,  foliis 
ifc.  Browne    .... 
Isnardia  ?  folio  dc.  Browne    . 
microcarpa  Poir.    . 
natans  Small    . 

palustris  Ell 

repens  DC 

Isora crassiori  Plum.   .      . 

Itea  Cyrilla  Sw 


PAGE 

177 
349 
215 

77 

76 

78 

78 
294 
40'J 
409 
410 
409 
156 

18 


Jamaica  Rose    . 
Jamaica  Sumach. 

J  ambolan 

Jambosa  malaccensis  DC.  . 
•purpurasccns  DC. 

vulgaris  DC 

Jews  Mallow  .  .  .  • 
John  Bull  Tree  .  .  • 
Jussie  herissee  Dcscourt.  . 

JUSSIEUA  L 

acuminata  Siv. 

angustifolia  Lam. 

erecta  L.  (fig.  146,  F)  .  406, 

erecta  Mill 

erecta  Sw 

grandiflora  Ruiz  &  Par.  . 

hirsuta  Mill 

hirta  Sw.     .      . 
leptocarpa      Xutt 

146,  H  )      .      . 
lini folia  Valil 
macrocarpa  H.  B. 
octonervia  Lam. 
octovalvis  Sw.  . 
Onagra  Mill.     . 
palustris  Mey.  . 

peruviana  L 

pilosa  H.  B.  d  K.  . 

pubescens  L 

repens  L.  (fig.  146,  G)     407, 
sedoides  Humb.  &  Bonpl. 

speciosa  Ridl 

suffruticosa    L.  (fig.   146. 

A-K) 407, 

riabilis  Mey.       .      • 
villosa  Lam 

Kapok  


400 
9 

352 
352 
352 
352 

87 


(fig. 


_ 
K. 


145 
405 

404 
406 

408 
407 
407 
405 
407 
405 

408 

406 

405 

407 

407 

406 

407 

405 

406 

407 

408 

405 

405 

408 

406 
407 

152 


442 


FLORA    OF   JAMAI 


PAGE 


Kulu  ........      171 


Kuvi  i  i.l-i  ZKYA 

Prcxl 


53) 

Kjitiiitn  7Y<W  ... 

U  rb.  .          . 

ferreumUrb.  (fig.  80). 


(fig. 


L43 

J  ;:: 

1  13 
14:-'. 

(it 

65 


Lace  Bark 2*7 

LAJ.TIA  Loefl 220 

amcricana  L.    .  221 

<  i    idimia  Siv 217 

long i  folia  A.  Hick.       .      .  217 

Thamnia  L.  (fig.  67)    .      .  221 

LAGEXAIUA  Ser 265 

lagcnaria  Cocker.  .      .      .  266 

vulgaris  Ser 266 

Lagerstr&mia       Flos  -  lieyinse 

JU-tz 297 

speciosa  Pers 297 

LAGETTA  Juss 287 

lagetto  Nash  (fig.  Ill)   £87,  288 

lintcaria  Lam 287 

Lagetto 287 

LAGUXCULAEJA  Gaertii.  f.  .      .  310 

racemosa   Gaertn.   f.   (fig. 

122) 310,  311 

Landersia  pervaga  Macf.   .      .  256 

LAPLACEA  H.  B.  &  K.  .      .      .  187 

hsematoxylon  G.  Don  (fig. 

72). 188 

villosa  Griseb 188 

Lappula     Benghalensis     dc. 

Pink 82 

Bermudensis  etc.  Plulc.     .  83 

Laurifolia  arbor  dc.  Sloane    .  287 

Lcnints  CJiloroxylon  L.  64 

Wintcrana  L 207' 

Lavatera  alba  Lam.      .      .      .  297 

amcricana  L 101 

La\vsonia  inermis  L.     .  297 

Leandra  Eggersiana  Cogn.     .  398 

LECYTHIDACE^E      ...  297 

Leea  sambucina  Willd.      .      .  80 

Legnotis  elliptica  Sw.  .      .      .  302 
Lcmaireocercus   liystrix  Britt. 

&  Eose 279 

Lignum  durum       .      .      .  90 

Lindleya  mollis  H.  B.  &  K.     .  216 

LOASACEJE 247 

Loblolly  Tree.      .      .      .  55 

Loreya  fasciculiflora  Xand.     .  395 

trinitensis  Crucg.  .      .      .  395 
Loti  arboris  folio  angustiore  etc. 

Sloane 90 

Love  in  a  Mist  237 


PAOK 

I  -I  IAVIGIA  L  ...... 

]i;icrnc-;ir]i;i  Mich.  . 

palustris  Kll  .....  IK) 

repena  Sw.  (fig.  147)    .  40'J,  4lo 

LUFFA  Cav  .......  : 

acutangula  Roxb.  .     .     .  L('.l 

iaca  Mill.  • 

cyliudrica  M.  lloern.    .      .  L'>1 

fostida  Cav  .....  iiiil 

LUNANIA  Hook  ......  221 

polydactyla  Urb.    .      .      .  222 

racemosa  Hook.  (ii.          .  2-2 

Lupnlns  sylvestris  dec.  Pin:  .  .  72 

Lysimachia.  .  .foliis  glabris  dc. 

Sloane.      ......  407 

major  dx.  Sloane    ... 

minor  dc.  Sloane    ...  -    7 

non  papposa  dc.  PlnJ:.      .  88 

LYTHRACK.1-:        .... 

Lijtlirum  ciliatum  Sw. 

Melanin  m  L  .....  29i 

Parsonsia  L  .....  2'J3 

petrolatum  L  .....  293 


M  ah  oe,  Bastard     .      .      .  170 

Blue  or  Mountain    .  141 

Bombast        .      .      .      .  153 

Rose 133 

Sea-side  .      .      .      .  141,  145 

Smaller 132 

Maiden  Plum     .      .      .      .  11 

Malache  scabra  B.  CTi.  Vogcl  .  132 

troj/ana  Britt 132 

MALACHRA  L 122 

alcesefolia  Jacq.      .      .      .  124 

capital  a  Cav 124 

capitata  Griseb.      .      .      .  124 

capitata  L.  (fig.  48)     .      .  123 

capitata  Macf.  .      .  124 

capitata  Wright      .      .      .  126 

ciliata  Poir 125 

fasciata  Jacq 125 

humilis  Benth.        .      .      .125 

mexicana  Sclirad.  .      .      ,  123 

palmata  Moench     .      .      .  123 

radiata  Griseb.       .      .      .  125 

radiata  L 125 

rotundifolia  Schrank .      .  124 

urens  Poit 124 

Mali    pt-rsicw     Mamcyee     d'c. 

Sloane 200 

Malo  punicse.  Sloane      .      .      .  315 

Mains    Persica    maxima    dc. 

Sloane £01 

Malva  americana  L.  106 
americana      abutili      dc. 

Sloane  163 


INDEX 


443 


3Ialva  —  continue^. 

arborea  &c.  Slot, 

arborea  folio  d~e.  Sloane    . 

arborea      maritime       d'c. 
Sloane      ..... 

arborea...veluto  <fc.  Sloane 

atpi'ra  major  d'c.  Sloane  . 

assnrgcns    snbvillosa-  uv. 
Browne     ..... 

assurgens       rillosa       d'C. 
Bnnriii'      ..... 

bicornis  d'C.  Dill.    . 

caroliniana  L  ..... 

corchorifolia  Dcsr. 

coromandelianum  L.   . 

erecta   minor    carpinifolio 
&c.  Sloane      .... 

humilior  folds  &c.  Browne 

liumilior     snbvillosa     &c. 
Browne     ..... 

minima  aupina  tfc.  Browne 

minor...  coc'cincod-c.  Sloane 

minor  erecta  betonicx  folio 
dx.  Sloane     .... 

prostrata  Cav  ..... 

rotundifolia  L.        ... 

scoparia  Jacq  ..... 

spicata  L  ...... 

tricuspidata  Ait.    . 

vel  alcea  fruticosa  ribcsii 
&c.  Sloane      .... 
MALVACE.-E     ..... 
MALVASTRUM  A.  Gr. 

americanum  Torr. 

corchorifolium  Brittou     . 

coromandelianum  Garcke 
(fig.  44)     ..... 

Ilugelii  S.  Wats.     .      .      . 

spicatuna  A.  Gr. 

tncuspidatnm  A.  Gr.  . 
MALVAVISCUS  Dill  ..... 

arbor  c  us  Desc  ..... 

pilosus  DC  ..... 

pilosus  Macf  ..... 

populncus  Gaertn. 

Sagrseanus  Rich.  (fig.  51)  . 
Malvinda  bicornis  dx.  Dill.     . 

•nniconnx  dr.  Dill. 
MAMMEA  L  ....... 

americana  L.  (fig.  78)  . 

foliis  (f'c.  Browne    . 

Jitimilis  Vahl     .... 

maxima  &c.  Browne    . 
M  a  m  in  e  e    ...... 

Matnmillaria  simplex  Haw.    . 


L 


domcstica  Gacrtn. 
indica  L.  (fig.  3) 


I'AGE 

141 
133 

140 
139 
124 

106 

110 
116 
103 
105 
104 

119 
104 

104 
116 
116 

111 
103 
106 
106 
106 
104 

126 
92 
104 
104 
105 

104 
105 
106 
104 
132 
133 
138 
133 
145 
133 
114 
118 
200 
201 
201 
196 
201 
202 
284 
6 
7 
6 


Mangle  foliis ..Jtolosericca  &c. 


julifera  foliis  ellipticis  itr. 
Sloane 

julifera  foliis  subrotundis 
(&C.   Sloan?       . 

Pl/i'i  d'c.  Sloane 

Mango   

Mangrove 

MAPPIA  Jacq 

cirri  nix  Mi  cry      .      .      .      . 

racemosa  Jacq.  (fig.  18)    . 

Marcgrafia  Sw 

MARCGRAVIA  L 

brachysepala  Urb. 

Brownei  Kr.  &  Urb. (fig.  68) 

scandens  &c.  Browne  . 

umbellata  Griseb.   . 

umbellata  L 

MARCGRAYIACE.-E  .      .      . 
MATAYBA  Aubl.  ...... 

apetala  Radlk.  (fig.  25)     . 
MAYTKNUS  Molina  . 

brachycarpa  Kr.  &  Urb.    . 

clarendonensis  Brittou 

crassipes  UrD 

Harrisii  Kr.  &  Urb. 

jamaicensis 
(fig.  10) 

microcarpa 
Rendle 

vireiis  Urb.  . 
MECEAXIUM  Hook.  f.     . 

amvgdalinum  Triana 

v       •— ' 

142)      .... 

integrifolium  Triana 

purpurascens  Triana 

virgatum  Triaua     . 
MclaniitDi  ailiaccion 

hcrbaceuni  de.  Browne 
Melastoma  adscendens  Sic. 

albican*  Sn~ 

amygdalmum  Dcsr. 

angustifolia  Sw.     . 

capillaris  Siv 

chnjsophylla  L.  C.  Rich. 

ciliata  L.  C.  Rich. 

crenata  Vahl     .      .      .      . 

dodccandra  Dcsr.    . 

data  Sic 

fascicularis  .s'/'1. 

fol            awplioribiis      d'c. 
Broirne 

foliis  orato-acuniinatis  d'c. 
Plum 

foliis.  .  .raniulis  purpnra- 
scentibu*  Broirne 

fulc a  L.  L'. 


Kr.    &    Urb. 
Fawc.        & 


(fig- 

.   392 


PAGE 

310 
311 

307 

301 

7 

301 

39 

39 

39 

180 

17S 

179 
180 

180 
180 

178 
55 
55 
25 
25 
27 
27 
27 

25 

26 

27 

392 

,393 
393 
394 
394 
293 
293 
358 
372 
393 


376 


386 
369 

395 
395 
374 

374 

o76 


444 


FLOKA    OF    JAMAICA 


i — continual. 
fit  rf  it  nice nm  Valil 
ijhit»-(it(i  Sw. 

nuliiioxti  Sir. 
grossularioides  Mill.    . 
hirsute  Sic. 

liirta  L 

liirtclln  Sic. 
liispida  Sic. 

\osericea  Vahl 
impetiolaris  Sic. 
Lrriijata  Anbl.  . 
Ixvitjata  L.        ... 
macrophylla  Pav.  . 
malabatbricum  L. 
micrantlia  Sir. 
microphylla  Sw.    . 
montana  Sic.     . 
nivca  Dcsr. 
octandria  Mill, 
octona  Bonpl.    . 
pallens  Sprcng. 

patens  Sw 

pendulifolia  Bonpl. 
plnmosa  Desr.  . 

nnosa  Sw. 
prasina  Sw. 
procera  Sw. 
purpurascens  Sw.  . 
pyramidalis  Desr. 

quadrangulare  Sw. 

r  ami  flora  Sw.   . 

rigida  Sw 

rubens  Sw 

scabrosa  L.        ... 

scandens  Sw.    . 

scorpioides      Scldeclit. 
Cham 

sessiliflorum  Sprcng.  . 

sessilifolia  L.    . 

spicata  Aubl.     . 

splendcns  Siv.  . 

strigillosa  Siv.  . 

subhirsuta  &c.  Browne 

superba  Bonpl. 

Swartziana  Pdcli.  . 

Tamonea  Sic.   . 

tetrandra  Sw.  . 

tliexzans  Bonpl. 

trinervia  Sw.    . 

liinbcllata  Mill. 

virgata  Sw. 

MELASTOMAGEJB    .     . 
MELICOCCA  L 

bijuga  L 

paniculata  Juss. 
Mclicoccus  bijngatus  Jacq. 

foliis  d'C.  Broicne   . 


370 
382 

38] 

374 
397 
380 


:  ;>  i 

372 

371 

375 

374 

3G9 

403 

398 

397 

365 

385 

376 

385 

380 

385 

374 

389 

389 

375 

362 

394 

374 

378 

392 

379 

377 

400 

358 


.      372 

.     386 

xiii,  395 

.     388 

.     374 

385,  388 

.     400 

.     365 

.     369 

.     369 

.     377 

.     378 

.     372 

.     385 

.     394 

.     353 

53 

53 

61 

53 

53 


Melo  fructu  dc.  Browne 
MBLOCACTUS  Link  &  Otto 

communis  Link  &  Otto 
MELOCHIA  L 

crcnata  Vahl     .      .      . 


Mill  ..... 
domingensis  Jacq.  . 

frutexcens  &c.  Browne       . 

licrlncfu  (0c.  Browne  .      . 

hirsutci  Cav  ..... 

lupulina  Sw.  (fig.  62,  A-C) 

nodiflora  Sw  ..... 

pilosa  Fawc.  &  Rendle     . 

pyramidata  L.        ... 

serrata  St.  Bil.      ... 

tomentosa  L  ..... 

Turpiniana  H.  B.  &  K.    . 

vcnosa  Sw  ..... 

villosa  Fawc.  &  Rendle    . 
Melon   ....... 

Melon  Thistle  .      .      .      . 

MELOTHRIA  L  ...... 

fluminensis  Gardn.      .      . 

foliis  cordatis  £c.  Plum.  . 

guadalupensis  Cogn.  (fig. 
97)  ...... 

pcndula  L  ...... 

pervaga  Griseb.      .      .      . 

scandens  &c.  Browne  .  . 
MEXTZELIA  L  ...... 

aspera  L.  (fig.  95)  .      .  247 

foliis  &c.  Plum.      ... 

setis  &c.  Browne  .  .  . 
MERIANIA  Sw  ...... 

bullifera  Griseb.     .      .      . 

leucantha  Sw.  (fig.  133)    . 

purpurea  Macf.      .      .      . 

purpurea  Sw  ..... 

rosea  Macf.        .      .      .      . 

rosea  Tussac  .... 
MICOXIA  Ruiz  &  Pav.  .  .  . 

albicans  Triana      .      .      . 

anceps  Naud  ..... 

angustifolia  Griseb.     .      . 

attenuata  DC.        .      .      . 

chrysophylla  Urb.        .      . 

ciliata  DC  ...... 

discolor  Macf  ..... 

dodecandra  Cogn.  .      .      . 

elata  DC  ...... 

elliptica  Macf.  .... 

eriodonta  DC  ..... 

cunjclixnioides  Griseb.     . 

fulva  DC  ...... 

furfuracea  Griseb.        .      . 

holosericea  DC.      .      .      . 

impetiolaris  D.  Don    .      . 

laevigata  DC.  (fig.  136)      . 


PA< 

282 

1''- 
1 

14:'. 
1G5 


163 
164 
164 
165 
165 


164 
165 


256 
255 

255. 
255 
^56 
255 
247 
248 
248 
248 
359 
361 

360 
361 
361 
360 
367 
372 
372 
382 
375 
375 
376 
376 
369 
377 
374 

377 
375 
370 
372 
371 
373 


INDEX 


445 


MICONIA — continued. 
macrophylla  Macf. 
macrophylla  Triaua 
microbotrya  Naud. 

millc flora  Naud.     . 
multispicata  Naud. 
obovalis  Naud. 
2>alustris  Macf. 


I'AGE 

371 
369 
377 
378 
371 
374 
375 


prasina  DC 375 

puuctata  D.  Don   .      .      .  376 

quadrangularis  Naud.       .  37^ 

racc-mosa  Naud.      .      .      .  376 

rigida  Triana    ....  379 

rubens  Naud 377 

rufescens  Macf.       .      .      .  372 

scandens  Ruiz  d  Pav.       .  358 

scorpioidcs  Naud.  .      .      .  372 

splendens  Griseb.  .      .      .  374 

tetranda  D.  Don    .      .      .  377 

theeezans  Cogn.      .      .      .  37S 

trinervia  D.  Don   .      .      .  372 

trincrvis  Griseb:     .      .      .  370 

triplinervis  Ruiz  &  Pav.  .  370 

Mistletoe 285 

MODIOLA  Moench    ....  103 

caroliniana  (fig.  43)  G.  Don  103 

multifida  Moench  .      .      .  103 

Moluchia  pyramidata  Britton .  165 

tomcntosa  Britton  .      .      .  166 

MOMORDICA  L 258 

Balsarnina  L 260 

Charantia  L.  (fig.  99)  .  258,  259 

cylindrica  L 261 

glabra  &c.  Broivne .      .      .  260 

siibhirsuta  dc.  Browne     .  259 

zeylanica  Mill 260 

Momordique  Descourt.  .      .   259,  260 

Morass  Bark      .      .      .      .  133 
Moronobea  coccinea  Aubl.  .       9,  198 

Moschoxylon  A.  Robinson.      .  55 

Mosquito  Wood     .      .      .  9 

MOSQUITOXYLUM  Kr.  &  Urb.  .  9 
jamaicense  (fig.  5)  Kr.  A: 

Urb 9 

Mougcotia  hirsuta  H.  B.  d  K.  165 

inflate  H.B.&K.      .     .  163 

nodiJJora  H.  B.  &  K.  .      .  164 

polystachya  H.  B.  d  K.    .  164 

Mountain  Bay.      .      .  205,  324 

Kryouy 269 

Cinnamon.      .      .      .  209 

Ebony 68 

S  w  e  e  t  C  u  p   .      .      .      .  234 

Supplejack     .      .      .  44 

\V  i  1  d  O  1  i  v  e  .      .      .      .  308 

MOURIRIA  Juss 402 

my rtilloides  Poir.  (fig.  1 4  •>  i 

4U2,  403 


MUNTINGIA  L 

Calabura  L.  (fig.  39)    .      . 

fruticosa  dc.  Browne  . 

pcdunculis  unijloris  L.     . 

rosea  Karst 

Murucuia  occllata  Pers.     . 
MuskOchra 

Seed 

Mutton  Wood    . 
Myginda  latifolia  Sw.  . 

pallens  Banks  .... 

Rhacoma  Sw 

uragoga  Rich 

MYRCIA  DC 

rtcris  DC 

Fenzliaiia  Berg 

leptoclada  DC. 

splendens    DC.    (fig.  127, 

A-D) 

Myrobalanus  folio  d'c.  Sloane. 

minor  d'c.  Sloane   . 
Myroxylon  nitidum  Kuntze     . 

schsefferioides  Kr.  d:  Urb. . 

MYRTACE^E 

Myrti  folio   arbor  cortice  d'c. 

Sloane 

Murto  affinis  arbor  dc.  Sloane 

affi  1 1  i  a  bu  x  ifo  liisdc.  Sloane 

Mijrtus  acris  Sw 

alpina  Sic 

arborea  dc.  Sloane 

arborea  inodora  . .  .  mono- 
pyreno  Sloane     . 

axillaris  Sit) 

bi flora  L 

brasiliana  L 

buxifolia  Siv 

caryopliyllata  Jacq. 

Chytraculia  L. 

disticha  Bot.  Mag. 

disticJia  Sw 

foliis      uvato  -  lanceolatis 
Plum 

fragrans  Sw 

glabrata  Sw 

Jiorizontalis  }'cnt.  . 

ligustrina  Sw 

monticola  Sw 

L 

Sir 

rirgultosa  Sir 

Znzugium  L 


PAGE 

88 

89 

90 

90 

90 

243 

142 

142 

38 

29 

29 

28 

29 

327 

327 

329 

328 

328 

15 

17 

226 

227 

313 

402 
337 
343 
327 
336 
326 


339 

346 
338 
334 
343 
327 
322 
341 
341 


328 
351 
346 
341 
334 

326 
328 

339 
320 


Xi.rsr.r.A  Xaud 355 

iiqiKitifii  Naud.  (fig.  130).  356 
Nesxa  .^ilicifolia  11.  //.  d-  K.  .  297 
Nlunidirolxi  etc.  Plioii.  .  .271 
Nigh  t-b  looming  Cere  us  281 


440 


FLORA    OF   JAMA. 


PAGH 

PAJLEA  Sulm-I\vck     .       .       .      27  1 
cochenillifer     Salin-I  >yck 

.  106)  .     .     .      .274,  275 


OSS/KA  —  continu,    . 
hirtella  Triana 


01  HNA(  K.K     ..... 

(  khna  nitidii  Sic  ..... 

(  i  c  1  1  r  a     ....... 

O  c  h  r  a  ,  Musk,  or  Wild     . 
OCHROMA  Sw  ...... 

La(j<>2'i(x  Sic  ..... 

pyramidale  Urb   (fig.  57). 

tomentosa  Willd.    . 
Octoplenra  micrantha  Griscb.. 

(E^OTHERA  L.       . 

assunjcnx       glabra       <(c. 
Browne     ..... 

assurgcns      hirsuta       d'C. 
Browne     ..... 

DrurDm.ondii     .... 

hcrbacea  repens  Browne    . 

hirsuta  &c.  Plum.  . 

iiirta  L  ...... 

longiflora     ..... 

octovalvis  Jcu    .... 

rosea  Soland  ..... 

r  libra  Cav 

tetraptera    ..... 

Oldenlandia       a^uatica      dc. 
Browne       ...... 

Olive  Bark  Tree    .      .      . 
Onagra  lauri  folia  &c.  Fcuillee 
ONAGKACE^B        .... 

OPUSTIA  Miller  ..... 

cochinelifera  Mill. 

Dillenii  Haworth  . 

Ficus-indica  Miller 

humilis  Haw  ..... 

jamaicensisBritt.  &  Harr. 

major  spinosa  dc.  caules- 
cens  Sloanc    .... 

maxima  folio  dc.  Sloane  . 

non  spinosa  dc.  Sloane 

polyantha  Haw. 

pseudo-tuna  Salm-Dyck  . 

spinosissima  Miller 

Tuna  Miller  (fig.  107)  .      . 
OREOPAXAX  Decne.  &  Planch. 

capitatum       Decne.        & 
Planch,  (fig.  151)      .  416, 

Orleana  &c.  Pluh. 
OSS.EA  DO  ....... 

asperifolia  Triana  (fig.  143) 

398, 

brachystachya  Xaud.  . 

Eggersiana  Urb.     . 

fascicularis  Grifeb. 

glomerata  Triara  . 

hirsuta  Triana 


173 

170 
143 


152 


277 


152 
153 

410 

407 


411 
407 
405 
405 
411 
407 
411 
412 
411 

409 
307 
405 

403 
275 
274 
278 
278 
277 
277 

277 
274 
2S6 
277 
278 
277 
276 
416 

417 
205 
396 

399 
393 
398 
395 
399 
397 


lima  Triana 
micrantha  Macf.     . 
microphylla  Triana     . 
j  >ratc  ))*ix  Mticf. 
purnitntxci  ;;.s  Macf.      . 
-'.•abrosa  DC. 
Ota  heite  Apple 

Plum    ..... 

OURATEA  Auol  ..... 

elegans  Urb. 
guianensis  Engl.    . 
jamaicensis  Urb.    . 
laurifolia  Engl.  (fig.  66) 


nitida  Engl. 


397 
393 

398 
397 
397 
394 
400 
352 
17 
174 
175 
176 
176 
174 
175 


Palmis  affinis  &c.  Sloanc  .      .  298 

Pansy 211 

Pap  aw  Tree 244 

Papaya  Hughes        ....  244 
major    flore      et     fructu 

majoribus  &c.  Sloane    .  244 
major     fore      et     fructu 

minoribus  &c.  Sloane    .  244 

minor  &c.  Sloane  .      .      .  246 

sativa  Tuss 244 

Parsnip 429 

Paritium  datum  G.  Don    .      .  141 

tiliaccum  A.  Juss.        .      .  140 

ParoquetBur.        .      .      .  82 

Parsley 429 

Parsonsia  herbacea  &c.  Browne  293 

micropetala,  Hitchc.    .      .  292 

Parsonsia  Britt.  &  Mlllsp.  293 

petiolata  Paisby      .      .      .  293 

radicans  Hitchc.     .      .      .  293 

PASSIFLORA  L 232 

angustifolia  Sw.     .      .      .  238 

arbcrea  Pink 236 

biflora  Lam 239 

capsularis  L 240 

ciliata  Ait 237 

ciliata  Jacq 237 

coerulea  L 243 

coriacea  Juss 239 

divaricata  L 242 

edulis  Sims  (fig.  93)     .  233,  234 

erubescens  Macf.     .      .      .  240 

fcetida  L 236 

foliis       amplioribus      &c. 

Browne 235 

foliis  cordatis  &c.  Browne  236 

foliis  nitidis  &c.  Browne  .  238 

foliis  ovatis  &c.  Browne    .  235 
foliis     quinquelobis     pro- 

funde  &c.  Browne    .      .  243 


INDEX 


44' 


PASSIFLORA  —  continued. 

foliis       tenuiuribus       <&c. 

Browne     ..... 
foliis      trilobis      crnribus 

august  is  d'C.  Browne      . 
foliis  trilobis  cruribus  ob- 

lungis  etc.  Browne    .      . 
foliis    trilobis    m.dio    &c. 

Browne     ..... 

foliis  trincrviis  £c.  Browne 
gossypifolia  Desc.  .      .      . 

hede  racea  Cav.        ,      .      . 
heterophylla  Jacq.        .      . 
hexanguLaris   Wright  .      . 
incarnata  $  Bot.  lieg.       . 
lancifolia  Desv.       .      .      . 

laurifolia  L  ..... 

ligularis  Juss  ..... 

lineariloba  Hook.  f.     .      . 
longifolia  Lam.       .      .      . 

lunata  Sm  ..... 

luteaL  ...... 

lutca  L.        .      .      .      .  238, 

lijrn.'folia  Tuss.        .      .      . 

macrocarpa  M.ist.  .      .      . 

maliforrnis  L  ..... 

minima  L  ...... 

Murucuja  L  ..... 

normalis  L  ..... 

oblonga  DC  ..... 

oblongata  Sw  ..... 

pallidaL  ...... 

parviflora  Sw  ..... 

pdtata  Cav  ..... 

penduliflora  Bertero.        . 
perfoliata  Jacq.       .      .      . 

perfoliata  L  ..... 

quadrangularis  L.        .      . 
regalis  Macf  ..... 

riyidula  Jacq  ..... 

rotundifolia  L.        ... 

rotundifolia  L.  TL.'rb.        . 
rubra  L  ...... 

sexflora  Juss  ..... 

suberosa  L.        . 
Swartzii  Mast.        .      .      . 

tacsonioides  Griseb.     .      . 
tritiora  Maof  ..... 

vesicaria  L.       .... 

vcsicari/i  d'c.  Pin.':.       .      . 
villosa  Macf.     .... 

PASSIFLOBACEJB     .     .      . 
Pustiuaca  sativa  L.        ... 

PAULLINIA  L  ...... 

barbadensis  Jacq.  (fig.  2  .') 
caribasa 


PAGE 


cnrassavca 
divaricata  Stu. 


210 

242 
242 

241 
240 
237 
238 
238 
235 
234 
239 
235 
236 
238 
238 
239 
239 
240 
243 
235 
236 
238 
243 
242 
243 
242 
238 
238 
238 
240 
242 
241 
235 
239 
234 
241 
240 
239 
241 
23S 
241 
242 
241 
237 
237 
238 
231 
42'.) 
44 
44 
43 
46 
43 


PAULLINIA — continued. 
jainaicensis  Macf.  . 
L. 


PAGK 


2,  45; 


46 
46 


pinnata  L  ......       45 

sarmcntosa  <£c.  Browne     .       46 
seriana  Gaertn.       ...        45 

PAVONIA  Cav  ......      ; 

aristata  Griv  .....      1^9 

coinmnnis  St.  Hil.        .      .      129 
conjmbosa  Willd.    .      .      .     131 

fruticosa  Fawc.  &  Rendle     130 
pauiculata  Cav.      .      .      .     131 

pseudo-typhalsea    Planch. 
&Lind  ......     131 

racemosa  Sw  .....     132 

rosea  Schlecht.       .      .      .     130 

scabra  Presl      ....     131 

spicata  Cav  .....     132 

spinifex  Cav.  (fig.  50) 
troy  ana  Urb 
typhaltm  Car 
typhalxa  Macf.       . 
typhaleoides  H.  B.  & 

Penny  Wort        .      . 

PEEESKIA  Miller      .. 
aculeata  Miller  (fig 


K. 


125 
132 
130 
130 
130 

.   .  423 
..  272 
105) 

272,  273 
aculeata  flore  &c.  Plum.  .     272 
Pereskia  Karstcn    .      .      .     272 
portulacifolia  Haw.     .      .     273 
Petaloma  myrtilloidcs  Sic.       .     402 
Petroselinum  sativum  Hofini.     429 
Philadelphus  arborescens  foliis 
myrtineis  &c.  Browne      .      .     334 
arb.  foliis  ovato-acumina- 

tis  d~c.  Browne    .      .      .     334 
Phyllitidi      scandenti     affinis 
major  folio  crasso  subrotundo 
Sloane        ......     180 

scandenti  ....  minima  &c. 

Sloane      .....     180 

scandenti  .  .  .  minor    d'c. 

Sloane      .....     180 

PIMENTA  Lindl  .....     :;24 

acris  Kostel  .....     327 

officiualis  Lindl.  (fig.  126, 

A,  B,  B1,    D)       .        .        .        .       325 

Pimcnta  Cocker  ell  .  .  325 
Pimento  Griseb.  .  .  .  327 
vulgar  in  Lindl.  .  .  .  325 

Pimento    ......     326 

PIBIQUETV  Aubl  .....     230 
cistoides  Griseb.  (fig.  92) 

230,  231 

Pisum     cordatum     nou     vcai- 
carium  Sl<>t(u>'       .      .      .        !•"•. 
•  /  ••I'imum  (('•'/.  Sloane    . 

Pisonia  obtusata  Ja;:q.  .      ,      .     317 


448 


FLOI.'A    OF   JAMAICA 


I'lantd  fniticosa   scandeiis  ex 

citjnx     canlc     scij>iu>U's     <lr. 

,    .   ....... 

I'lcttrocli.-i'iiid   quadrangularis 
Griseb  ....... 

ridiild  Griseb  ..... 

Plinia  pedun-culata  Linn.  f.  . 
Poison  Cherry  .  .  . 
Pomifci'd  st'ii  2>otius  tfc.  Sloane 

Pomme  d'Or       .      .      .      . 
Pope's  Head       .      .      .      . 
Prickly  Pear     .      .      .  277 
Prickly  Withe        ... 

^^dcf.    .      . 
}\'<ilp.      .      . 

mon  fauns  Sw  ..... 

nitidus  VaJil  .... 
Pristimcra  granulosa  Miers  . 

oblong  at  a  Miers  ... 
Prunifi'ra  racemosa  <fc.  Sloanc 

seu      Nncipntnifera      &c. 

Pink..      .."... 

1'ninus  amcricana  Merian      . 

amcricana,     ossiculo     &c. 
Pink  ....... 

bmsiliensis  &c.  Sloanc     . 

racemosa       caudice       &c. 
Sloane      ..... 

Pseudorhipsalis  alata  Britt.  & 
Hose      ....... 

PSIDIUM  L  ....... 

albescens  Urb  ..... 

arborcum  &c.  Browne.      . 

Cattleianum  Sabine    .      . 

cordatum  Griseb.  .      .      . 

fragrans  Macf.        .      .  315 

fruticosum  &c.  Browne     . 

Guajava  L.  (fig.  124)   .  315 

Guava  Griseb  ..... 

guineense  Sw  ..... 

Harrisianum  Urb.        .      . 

montanum  Sw.       .      .      . 

polycarpum  A.  Anderson  . 

pomiferum  L  ..... 

pulverulent-urn  Kr.  &  Urb. 

puniilum  Vabl.      .      .      . 

pyriferum  L  ..... 

Wiiyhtii  Herb.  Lambert  . 
Ptelca  viscosa  L  ..... 
Pumilea  minima  &c.  Browne  . 

snbhirsuta  &c.  Browne     . 


I'AGK 


4G 


379 


334 

-'.  ' 
5 

236 

283 

,  278 

280 

20 

20 

20 

22 

37 

37 

52 

52 

15 


15 
12 
286 

317 
317 
318 
317 

,  316 
315 

,  316 
315 
316 
318 
317 
316 
315 
317 
316 
315 
317 
59 
229 
230 


Queen's  Flower  Tree     .     297 

QUIIXA  Aubl 204 

jarnaicensis  Griseb.  (fig.  80) 

204,  205 


172 


<c>uiM]iuilis  indica  L. 

Radix  fruticosa  (&c.  Sloanc 

1,'dton'ni  ii/n'tdln  Griseb. 
RedCanella 

.AI  usk  Wood       .      . 

Withe        .      .      .      . 

Wood   ...... 

RHACOMA  L  ...... 

Crossopetalurn  L.  (fig.  11) 
RHAMXACEJE  .... 
RHAMNIDIUM  Reissek  . 

dictyophyllum  Urb.     . 

fi'iTcutn  Sarg.   . 

jamaicense  Urb. 
RHAMXUS  L  ..... 

arborcscens  &c.  Browne 

arboreus  &c.  Browne    . 

colybrina  Jac</. 

domingensis 

cllipticus  Su~. 

ferreus  Vabl 

foli  is  cf'c.  Browne    . 

obscnrus  Schrank  . 

Sarcomplialus  L.   . 

sarmcntosus  <tr.  Browne 


I'.v.i: 

72 
56 
209 

55 
312 
56 
28 

C,-2 

xii,  71 
.  72 
.  65 
xii,  71 
.  70 
.  68 
.  68 
.  68 
.  72 
.  68 

65 
.  67 

68 
66,  67 

72 


spheerosperma  Sw.  (fig.  33)  71 

RHEEDIA  L.  .           ....  195 

lateriflora  L 196 

pendula  Urb 197 

sessiliflora  Planch,  (fig.  75)  196 

Blicxia  Acisanthera  L.       .      .  354 

leucantlia  Sic 360 

purpurea  Sw 361 

RHIPSALIS  Gaertn 284 

alata  K.  Schum.     .      .      .  286 
Cassutha  Gsertn 


(fig.  110) 
284 

Harrisii  Giirke 

janiaicensis  Britt. &  Harris 

parasiticus  Haiv.    . 

Swartziana  Griseb. 

Bwartziana  Pfcitj. 
RHIZOPHORA  L 

Mangle  L.  (fig.  117) 

ntrinquc  Ac.  Browne 
RHIZOPHORACE^:  . 
RHUS  L 

Cominia  L. 

INIetopium  L.  (fig.  4) 
Pdedleia  crenata  DC.    . 

in  flat  a  DC.        .      . 

janiaicensis  DC.     . 

nodi  flora  DC.   . 

serrata  Vent.     . 

vircjnltosa  Macf.     . 
Rock  Wood 


285 
286 
286 
284 
.  286 
.  286 
299 

300,  301 
.  301 
.   2'J'J 
8 

50 
9 

.  166 
.  163 
.  164 
.  164 
.  165 
.  164 
27 


IXDEX 


449 


PAGE 

Rod  wood  323,  338,  339,  341,  844, 

346,  383 
Romualdea  lancifolia  TV.  <£ 

Planch 37 

R  o  s  e  A  p  p  1  e 352 

RiDtit'x  syh'estris  scandens  d'C. 

Browne            .  251 


Sadymia  villosa  Griseb.     .      .  220 

Sagrfea  Berterii  DC.     .      .      .  389 

capillaris  DC 390 

crossopetala  Triana     .      .  390 

glomerata  Naud.     .      .      .  399 

Grisebachii  Triana      .      .  390 

liirsuta  DC 397 

hirtella  DC 397 

Lindeniana  Naud.       .      .  400 

microphylla  DC.    .      .      .  397 

pilosa  DC.  .      .      •      .      .  389 

scabrosa  Naud.       .      .      .  399 

virgata  Macf.    .      .      .      .  3J4 

SAMYDA  L 218 

acuminata  Urb.     .      .      .  218 

arborca  L.  Rich.    .      .      .  ill4 
foliis  ovatis  cum  acumine 

&c.  Browne    ....  214 
foliis    ovatis    villosis   <fr. 

Browne 216 

fruticosa  &c.  Browne  .      .  ^13 

glabrata  Sw 218 

Guidonia  L 216 

icosandra  Sw 217 

Major  cfc.  A.  Robinson     .  217 

multiflora  Cav.       .      .      .  -15 

nitida  L 213 

2)aruiflora  L 214 

pubescens  L.  (fig.  86)        .  219 

rosea  Sims 219 

serrulata  Andr.      .      .      .  219 

spinosa  L 215 

spinosa  foliis  &c.  Plum.    .  215 

tomentosa  Sw 215 

villosa  Sw 219 

Santa  Maria       .      .      .      .  200 

SAI'INDACEJE       ....  40 

SAPINDUS  L 51 

foli in  ar.  Browne    ...  51 

inxqualis  DC 51 

Mflicoccus  L 53 

rigidn*  Mill 51 

Saponaria  L 51 

SARCOMI -ii ALUS  Griseb.       .      .  66 

foil i*  <tr.  Browne  ...  60 

laurinus  Oriseb.  (fig.  31)  .  66 

retusus  Raf 67 

SAUVAGESIA  L I7ii 

Browuei  Planch,  (fig.  67)  177 
v. 


SAUVAGESIA — continued. 

erecta  L 

erect  a  Macf.      .... 
ScarletSeed 

SCHJEFFERIA  Jacq 

completa  Siv 

frutescens  Jacq.  (fig.  14)  . 

Marckii  Griseb. 

obovata  Urb 

Sclicfflera  Sciadophyllum 

Harms 

Schinus?  Melicoccus  L.    . 
Schmidelia  Cominia  Sw.  . 

glabrata  Griseb. 
SCIADOPHYLLUM  P.  Br. 

Brownei  Spreog.  (fig.  150) 

capitatum  Griseb.  . 

foliis  &c.  Browne   . 

lieptapliyllum  Hitchc. 

Jacquini  Griseb.    . 

praetermissum  Norm. 

troyanum  Urb. 

Screw  Tree    

Scutia  ferrea  Brongn.  . 
SECHIUM  Juss 

edule  Sw.  (fig.  98)        .      . 

fohis  cordato-angitlatis  &c. 

Browne 

Sclenicereus  grandiflorus  Britt. 

&  Rose 

SERJANIA  Plum 

angustifolia  Willd. 

divaricata  Griseb. 

divaricata  Schum. 

equestris  Macf. 

laevigata  Radlk.     . 

mexicana  Willd.  (fig.  19) 

paniculata  Griseb. 

spectabilis  Schum. 

Shoe-black 

SICAXA  Naud 

spherica  Hook.  f.  (fig.  102) 

256, 

Sicijos    edulis    (errore    editles) 
Jacq 

irlfoliata  L 

SlDA  L 

ab ut i folia  Mill, 
abutiloides  Jacq.    . 
acerifolia  Zucc.  (fig.  45)    . 
acuta  Burm.     .      .    • . 
aggregata  Presl 


alba  L. 


althxxfol'ui  Sic. 
atnci  icaiid  L.    . 

J.-nu. 

Mill. 


PAGE 

178 

177 
182 
31 
32 
32 
33 
33 

415 

53 

50 

51 

414 

415 

417 

415 

415 

416 

416 

156 

65 

253 
257 

257 

281 

41 

44 
44 
42 
43 
43 
42 
44 
42 
138 
266 

267 
257 

107 
112 
101 
107 

11!) 
110 
114 
112 
117 
101 
111 
114 


G 


450 


FLORA   OF   JAMAICA 


SlDA  —  cuntini 


/?.  K.  Fries 


,7</o/.     .       . 
BaUnsiana  DC.     .     .     . 

biralris  Car  ..... 

s  Car.        .      .      . 

L  ..... 

ca/rpinifolia  Linn,  f,   .     . 
ciliaris  L  ...... 

confcrta  LinJ:   .... 

contract  a  Li>  ... 

cordifolia  L  ..... 

crassifolia  I/JI<'rit.      .      . 
crispa  L  ...... 

divergcns  Grist  u.    ... 

dumosa  Sw  ..... 

data  Macf.        .... 

erecta  Macf.      .      .      .      . 

erect  a  glabra  etc.  Browne 
erecta        subvillosa       &c. 

Browne  ..... 
floribunda  H.  B.  &  K.  . 
florum  capitulis  dc.  L.  . 
foliis  cordatis  &c.  Plum.  . 
foliis  cordato-acuminatis 

serratis  &c.  Broirn<:       . 
foliis  cordato-ovatis  &c.  L. 

Ill 

foliis  palmatis  &c.  Plum. 
fragrans  L'Herit.  .      .      . 

fruticosa  Mill  ..... 

fruticulosa  &c.  Browne     . 
gigantea  Jacq  ..... 

glabra  Mill.       .... 

glomerata  Cav.       .      .      . 

glutinosa  Comrncrs.    .      . 
hastata  Sims    .... 

hederaefolia  Cav.    .      .      . 

hernandioides  L'Hi-r.       . 
hirsutissima  Mill.       .      . 
liirta  Lam  ...... 

li  irta  assurgens  dc.  Browne 
Inrta  urticata  &c.  Browne 
humilior  foliis  &c.  Browne 
Jiumilior       ramosa       dc. 

Browne     ..... 

indica  L  ...... 

jarnaicensis  L.        ... 

jamaicensis  Mill.  .      .      , 
lignosa  Cav  ..... 

linifolia  Juss  ..... 

Luciana  DC  ..... 

minor  Macf  ..... 

nervosa  DC  ..... 

ovata  Cav  ...... 

paniculata  L  ..... 

pcduncularis  Macf.     .      . 


PAGE 

117 
113 
]  l.'i 
ll'.i 
li^l 
115 
U4 
119 
115 
116 

96 
116 
101 

99 

96 
115 
102 
117 

95 

99" 
115 
124 
114 

115 

,  116 
126 
121 
130 
120 
102 
113 
109 
113 
107 
113 

95 
119 

'.H 
124 
110 
112 

115 
100 
Ill 
104 
101 
119 
96 
Ill 
1L3 
112 
114 
102 


alia  L. 

]>,  riplocifolia  M<«  ;'.     .      .  '.'<; 

}\'illd.      .       .       .  101 

:<>!.  Mag. 

C'nr  ......  112 

pilosa  Mill  .....  164 

pimpinellifolia  Mill.  .     .  Ill 

procu]7il)cns  S\v.     .      .      .  112 

pj'ramidata  Desportes      .  115 

radiata  L  ......  l^r, 

rhombifolia  L.  (fig.  40)     .  117 

rudcratti  Macf.        .      .      .  1  H 

salviaefolia  Presl     .      .      .  117 

savannarum  K.  Sell  am.  .  110 

sericca  Mill  .....  112 

spinosa  L  .....  Ill,  114 

siipulata  Car  .....  119 

supina  L^Hcni.      .      .      .  112 

trivialis  Macf  .....  119 

troyana  Urb  .....  1^0 

tilmifolia  Car  .....  113 

ulmifolia  Mill.        ...  119 

nmbcllata  L  .....  93 

urens  L  ......  HO 

villosa  Mill  .....  165 

viscosa  L  ......  121 

viscosa  Macf.     .      .      .      .  121 

Silk  Cotton'  Tree    146,150,1-02 

Silver  Wood  .....  217 

Sison  ammi  Jac-j  .....  427 

Sloana  Plum  ......  90 

SLOAXEA  L  .......  90 

emarginata  L  .....  90 

foliis  d'C.  Browne    ...  90 

jamaicensis  Hook.  (fig.  40)  90 

Snake  Withe     .      .      .      .  77 

Snake  Wood       .      .      .      .  68 

Soap  Berry  Tree.      .      .  52 

S  o  r  r  e  1  V  i  n  e  .....  78 

Spanish  Plum.      .      .      .  17 

Spirt  Weed    .....  427 

SPOXDIAS  L  .......  15 

cirouella  Tussac     ...  17 

cytherea  Sonner.    .  17 

diffusa  d'C.  Brou'nu      .      ,  17 

dulcis  Forst.  f.        ...  17 

foliis      paucioribus       dc. 

Browne     .....  15 

foliis  plurimis  dc.  Browne  15 

graveolens  Macf.     ...  15 

lutea  L  .......  15 

lutea  Macf.  .....  17 

macrocarpa  Enyl.  ...  17 

Monbin  L.   .     '.      .      .       15,  1  7 
Myrobalanus  L.      .      .       15,  17 

pseudomirobalanus  Tussac  15 

purpurea  L.  (fig.  7)  16 


INDEX 


451 


PAOB 

Spondylantha  aphylla  Presl    77,  78 

S  p  u  r  B  u  r  .      .      .      .      .      .  129 

Staphidium  octonum  Naud.    .  385 

•   Wihonii  Sand.       .      .      .  336 

Stapliylea  ?  conjmbosa  DC.     .  38 

occidentalis  Sw.      ...  38 

STAPHYLEACE.E      ...  37 

Staphylodendron  dr.  Plum.     .  59 

Stenocalyx  ligustrinus  Berg    .  334 

Michelii  Berg    ....  >>34 

STERCULIA  L.      ......  163 

acnminata  Bcauv.        .      .  170 

apetala  Karst.  (fig.  64,  E)  169 

earibseaR.Br.  (fig.64,A-D)  170 

carthaginensis  Cav.     .      .  169 

Helicteres  Po>.       ...  169 

Icira  Sw 1"0 

STERCULIACE;E       .      .  154 

Strainer  Vine        .      .      .  261 

Sugar  Bark 133 

Supplejack       .      .      .       4 1,  46 

Surinam  Cherry  .      .      .  335 
Suzyginm       fruticosum       &c. 

Browne       ". 320 

Sweet  Cup     .      .      .            .  236 

SYMPHcmA  Linn.  f.  197 
globulifera  Linn,  f .  (fig.  76) 

9,  19S 

Syzygium  Jambolanum  DC.  .  352 


Tea 189 

Terebinthus  folio  singulari  &c. 

Sloane 193 

TERMIXALIA  L 304 

arbuscula  Sw 306 

Buccras  Wright      .      .      .  307 

Catappa  L 305 

latifolia  Sw.  (fig.  119)     304,  305 

TERNSTRCEMIA  Linn.  f.       .      .  181 

calycina  Fawc.  &  Rendle  184 
granulata     Kr.      &     Urb. 

(fig.  69) 182 

Hartii  Kr.  &  Urb. .      .      .  183 

im-ridionalis  !   Sir.       .      .  184 

obovalis  Griseb.      .      .      .  182 

rostrata  Kr.  &  Urb.     .      .  184 

TEKXSTRCKMIACK.-E    .      .  1-1 

TETRACERA  L 173 

.'fi.iliix  dr.  Browne.      .      .  304 
jamaicensis   DC.   (fig.  65, 

D-F) 173 

volnbilis  Griseb.     .      .      .  1(3 

TETRASIPHON  Urb 30 

jamaicensis  Urb.  (fig.  13) .  31 

TETRAZYGIA  L.  C.  Rich.     .      . 

albicans  Triana      .      .      .  M^l 
angustirtora  Griseb.     .      .38 


TETRAZYGIA — continued. 

angustifolia  DC.     . 

elseagnoides  Hook.. 

Fadyeni  Hool: 

hispida  ]\Iacf 

ovata  Cogn 

pallens  Cogn.  (fig.  137)     . 

tetranda  DC 

Tliamnia  foliis  &c.  Browne 

Swartzii  Hitchc.    . 
THEA  L 

Bohca  L 

sinensis  L 

viridis  L 

THEACE/E 

THEOBROMA  L 

Cacao  L.  (fig.  60)   .      .      . 

foliis  d'c.  Browne    . 

foliis  scrratis  Plum.    . 

Guazuma  L 

THESPESIA  Solander 

populnea  Solander  (fig.  54) 
Thiodia  laetioides  Griseb.  . 
Three  fingered  Jack 
THYMELJEACE.E     .      .      . 

TILIACEJE 

Torch  Wood 

Tovomita  havetioides  Griseb.  . 
Toxicodcndron  arboreum  Mill. 

TreeCotton 

Triads  microphylla  Griseb.     . 
Tricera  baliamcnsis  Britton     . 

fasciculata  Griseb. 

l,-'vigata  Sw 

macropliylla  Britton   . 

Yaldii  Britton  .... 

Tricliosantlies  foliis  denticula- 

tis  &c.  Browne      .... 

pomiformis  Macf.  . 
Trioptcris  erecta  &c.  Browne   . 
TRIUMFETTA  L 

Bartramia  L.  (fig.  37) 

fructu  &c.  Plum.    . 

heterophylla  Lain. 

hispida  A.  Rich.     . 

indica  Lam 

Lappula  Hemsl.     . 

1  .;ippula  L 

Plumieri  Gui'rtn.   . 

rliombar folia  Sw.  . 

rhombifolia  Sic. 

rhowboiii'  ,.    . 

semitriloba  Jae ~\.  . 

Sloanei  Fawc.  &  Rendle  . 

suhril'u:-'!  dc. 

rillosa  dr.  Browne 
Tuna  major  dr.  Dill.     . 
r  d-c.  Dill. 


PAGE 


382 

- 
366 


331 

330 
377 
221 
221 
189 
189 
189 
1  s-j 
131 
158 
160 
157 
157 
157 
144 
144 
217 
418 
286 

80 
280 
194 

50 

143 

230 

3 

3 
2 

4 
3 

264 
264 

59 
80 
81 

- 

83 

81 

- 
84 

81 
81 

- 
82 

88 
81 

278 
274 


452 


FLORA    OF    .JAMAICA. 


Turk's  Cap     ..... 
Turk's  Head       .      .      .      . 

TUKNKKV  L  ....... 

acuta  Spreng  ..... 

dngiAStifolia  Mill.  .  .  . 
L  ...... 

diffusa  Wilkl.  .... 
olo  florens  dc.  Browne 

frnti'sci'HS  itlmilolia  1'lton. 

hispida  dc.  J'lnni..      .      . 

microplti/llct  lAvsr.  .      .      . 

Pumilea  L  ..... 

triylandulosa  Miltxp.  .      . 

ulmifolia  L.  (fig.  <J1)  .  . 
TURNERACE.E  .  ... 
TURPINIA  Vent  ..... 

occidentalis  G.  iJon  (fig. 
17)  ...... 


PACK 

283 
283 


•. 

230 
230 

'22'.) 
22'.* 
230 


VITIK  'Continued. 

-rn      .s///r<  -xtris 
Pluk. 


I'ACB 


dc. 


229 

228 

227 

37 

38 


UMBELLIFER.E  .      ...  423 

UREXA  L  .......  126 

aculcata  Mill  .....  127 

amcricana  Linn.  f.     .      .  126 

foliis  &c.  Browr.e    .      .      .  126 

fniticulosa  &c.  Browne     .  130 

lobata  L.  (fig.  49)  ...  126 

ret  ic  ula  (a  Macf.      .      .      .  126 

sinuata  L.    .            ...  127 

sinuata  Sic  .....  126 

Swartzii  Macf.       .      .      .  127 

Typhalsea  L  .....  180 

viminca  Cav  .....  126 

Urticx     folio     anomala     (C'c. 

Sloane  .......  161 

Unicu  Sloane     .....  206 

Vanrheedia  Plum  .....  196 

Velvet  Seeds      .      .      .      .  205 

VIOLA  L  ........  210 

Patrinii  DC  .....  211 

primulifolia  L.       ...  211 

tricolor  L  ......  211 

YIOLACE.E      ....  210 

VITACEJE    ......  73 

VITIS  L  ........  74 

Abutili  folio  dc.  Plum.     .  74 

caribn-a  DC  .....  74 

foliis  tcrnatis  &c.  Plum.  .  78 

fructu  minor  e  etc.  Sloane.  74 

indica  Sw  ......  74 

labrusca  L  .....  74 

sicyoides  Morales    ...  77 

si/lvestris  &c.  Broicne  .      .  74 
tilise  folia  Hurnb.  &  Bonpl. 

.(fig.  35)     .....  74 

tri  folia  minor  dx.  Plum.  .  78 

trifoliata  Bak.  .      .  78 


NV.ALTHEHIA  L 

Americana  L.  (fig.  63)        .  K'.T 

(tnynstifoi'ni  L.        ...  168 

calcicola  Urb Kis 

foliis  augustis  dc.  r.  "irn<;  168 
foliis      subroiundis      etc. 

Browne 168 

frnticosa  <rr.  I'>r<nrnc  .      . 

indica  L 

Wanika 56 

Warminyia  paitcijJora  Engl.   .  17 

A\"  a  t  e  r  L  e  ni  o  n    .      .      .      .  236 

Water  Melon      .      .      .      .  264 

Water  Withe     .      .      .      .  74 

Wattle  Wood     .      .      .      .  221 

West  Indian  Gherkin  .  263 

West  Indian  Goosebe  rry  273 

White   Cinnamon.      .      .  208 

W  h  i  t  e  L  o  g  w  o  o  d     .      .      .  224 

White  Mangrove  .      .      .  311 

White  Santa  Maria.      .  20C 

WhitewoodBark.      .      .  208 

Wild  Cassada    .      .      .      .  38 

Wild  Cerasee    .      .      .      .  269 
Wild  Cinnamon     .      .208,327 

Wild  Clove 327 

Wild  Cucumber    .      .      .  263 

Wild  Damson    .      .      .      .  185 

W  i  1  d  E  b  o  n  y        .      .      .      .  68 

Wild  Ginep 62 

Wild  Grape 74 

Wild  Lime 197 

W7  i  1  d  M  a  m  m  e  e  .      .      .  196,  200 

WT  i  1  d  Mam  m  e  e — S  a  p  o  t  a  182 

Wild  Melon 264 

Wild  Ochra 122 

Wild  Papa  w        .      .      .      .  216 

Wild  Supple  Jack      .      .  48 

Wild    Yam 77 

Winter  Berry    .      .      .      .  20 

Wintcrana  Canclla  L.        .      .  207 

WISSADULA  Medic 93 

amplissima  E.  E.  Fries   .  95 

contracta  R.  E.  Fries       .  95 

diver  gens  E.  G.  Bak.  .      .  96 
Fadyenii  Planch.    .      .     95,  9^- 

hernandioides  auct.     .      .  96 

hernandioides  Garcke       .  95 

periplocifolia  Presl  (fig.  41)  94 

rostrata  auct 96 

zeylanica  Medic.     ...  95 

Woman  Wood    .      .      .      .  418 

WT  o  o  d  S  o  r  r  e  1       .      .      .      .  249 

Wormia  Burbidgei  Hook.  f.     .  173 


INDEX  4~>:3 

PA(>E  PAGE 

XYLOSMA  Forst __         ZIZYPHUS  Juss 63 

Fawcettii  Urb.        .      .      .     226              chloroxylon  Oliv.  (fig.  29)  64 

nitidum  A.  Gr.  (fi£.  90)     .     226              emarginatus  Sic.    .      .      .  t'-j 

schrefferioides  A.  Gr.  .      .     220              Jujuba  Lam 64 

ZUELANIA  A.  Rich.        ...  216 
Guidonia  Britt.  &  Millsp. 

Yaws  Bush 77                   (fig- 85) 217 

Yellow  Sanders                    308              laetioides  A.  Rich.  -17 


LONDON : 

PRINTED  BY  WILLIAM  CLOWES   AND  SONS,   LIMITED, 
DUKE  STREET,  STAMFORD  STREET,  S.E.  I,  AND  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,   W.  L 


New  York  Botanical  Garden  Library 

QK231.F38c.2v.5  ger 

Fawcett,  William/Flora  of  Jamaica,  conta 


3   5185   00135   8801 


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