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Entomologist

Official Organ of the Florida Entomological Society

VOL. VI SUMMER NUMBER No. 1

JUNE, 1922

THE CORN LEAF-TIER, LEREMA ACCIUS S. & A.*

Geo. G. Ainslie,

Entomological Assistant, Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, Bureau

of Entomology.

The corn leaf-tier, Lerema accius S. & A., is one of a large
number of corn feeding species of insects which have never been
known to cause appreciable damage, but are still a potential pest
of this plant and of other economic grasses. It belongs to the
Hesveridae or skipper butterflies, several of which, in the South
are recognized as pests, among them the Bean Leaf Folder
(Eudamus proteus L.), and the Larger Ganna Leaf Roller (Cal-
podes ethlius Cramer).

The original description of the adult was published in a paper
on the “Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia” by Smith and Abbott
in 1797 under the name of Papilio accius. In 1872 Mr. S. H.

Scudder erected the genus Lerema with this species as the geno-
type. The most complete account so far published is one by this
same author in his “Butterflies of New England” in 1889. The
records of the Bureau of Entomology regarding this species are
very meager. Mr. R. A. Vickery reported finding a single small
larva on corn at Brownsville, Texas, Mr. W. R. McConnell noted
it at several points in Mississippi, and Mr. W. H. Larrimer
found larvae on two species of grasses at Chickasha, Oklahoma.

The above records, a few other scattered observations and a
series of rearings at Lakeland, Florida, during the winter and
spring of 1913 furnish the material for the following paper.

It is impossible to fix definite limits for the range of this
species. It was first described from Georgia, the exact local-
r ^ ity not being indicated. An attached note adds that “It is also
found in Virginia.” Scudder’s map of its distribution shows it

V *PubIished by Permission of the Secretary of Agriculture. *

We recommend the goods advertised in The Florida Ento-
mologist. Please mention Entomologist when |?^IIiWrOF THE

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al y Gux vey

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

The Florida Entomologist

to occur throughout a narrow strip of territory along the Gulf
and Atlantic coasts as far north as Massachusetts, and another
along the Mississippi River as far north as southern Illinois.
It has been found by Mr. Larrimer at Chickasha, Okla., by the
writer at Chattanooga and Leadvale, Tenn., and Clemson Col-
lege, S. C., all outside of the above limits and indicating that
its distribution is more general throughout the Southeastern
states than Scudder’s map leads one to believe. Like several
of its close relatives it is probably of tropical origin and habit
and if so its northern limit fluctuates from year to year with
the severity of the winter and the conditions favoring northward
flight during the summer.

The adult butterfly has a wing expanse of about 33 mm. and
in color is a dark, warm brown with six more or less rectangular
white spots on the fore wing of the female (in the male but
four and these much smaller). Three of the six in the female
are small and in a close, nearly straight row near the anterior
margin about two-thirds out from the base of the wing; two
others, of which the posterior is the larger, lie between this
group and the hind margin of the wing, and the last at the
upper edge of the cell. In different individuals the prominence
of these markings varies considerably but their relative size and
position are constant. The hind wing is uniform brown above,
and beneath both fore and hind wings shade to purple along
the distal margins. The butterfly is a strong flier and has the
erratic, zig-zag flight characteristics of its family.

The eggs are laid singly and widely scattered, usually on the
lower but sometimes on the upper surface of the leaf. Seldom
is more than one found on a plant and we have never seen two
on the same leaf. They are white with a pearly luster, sub-
hemispherical in shape and about two-thirds as high as wide,
with the basal angle rounded, diameter 1.2 mm., height .8 mm.
The chorion is finely reticulated. The rounded basal angle serves
to distinguish this from the otherwise very similar egg of Cal-
podes ethlius in which the wall joins the base with a sharp right
angle.

Since oviposition has never been observed, the exact length
of the incubation period is not known. Of eleven eggs taken
in the field at various times, seven hatched in nine days, two
in six days, and two in five days, indicating that nine days is
probably the normal period. A day or two after being laid the

Summer Number

egg takes on a creamy tinge, on the sixth day a faint mottling
appears near the apex and on the eighth day the dark head of
the young larva can plainly be seen through the shell. The
embryo lies coiled around the circumference of the egg with
the head a little to one side of the center. The first break in
the shell is made by pressure of the mandibles and the larva
then proceeds to cut an irregular hole in the apex, rotating with-
in the egg during the process. When the opening is as large
as its head the larva emerges. The entire operation occupies
some time, one larva which broke the shell at 8:00 A. M. having
just released itself at 3:00 P. M. In the meantime the head of
this larva changed from chocolate-brown to glistening black.
The empty egg-shell is translucent white, waxy and parchment-
like in texture except the flat base which is transparent.

After a brief survey of the immediate vicinity the newly
hatched larva returns to the egg shell and consumes it, leaving
only the disk-like base which it cannot be induced to touch even
when it has been loosened from the leaf. This little glistening
disk can almost invariably be found somewhere on each infested
plant. After breakfasting on the egg-shell the small larva se-
lects a location on the upper surface of the leaf, near the edge
and begins to construct its retreat by placing a layer of silk
fibers on the surface. The effect of this is quickly seen in the
gradual curling of the blade. When a groove has been thus
formed the opposite edges are connected by a silk fiber which
bridges the concavity. This fiber is added to until it forms a
strong strand and its contraction draws the edge over until it
touches the surface of the blade, after which other similar at-
tachments are formed at short intervals until a complete tube,
open at both ends is formed. In the finished retreat of a full
grown larva there are from five to twelve such fastenings. In
the instances observed by the writer the fold was always over
onto the upper surface of the leaf, but Mr. McConnell has noted
that at Greenwood, Miss., larvae feeding on sorghum folded the
leaf upward and downward in about equal numbers. The earlier
retreats are generally near the tip. Later the edges of a nar-
row leaf may be drawn together or the margin drawn over to
the midrib at any point along the blade. When the roll is com-
plete the larva cuts a deep narrow notch into the leaf at each
end and seals the ends. The skill with which the weak and
apparently helpless larva manipulates the thick, stiff corn leaf
is remarkable.

The P'lorida Entomologist

During the day the larva never leaves its refuge but feeds
on the leaf close to the ends of the tube or on the tube itself.
At night other parts of the leaf or even other leaves are eaten.
When one retreat is outgrown or consumed another is con-
structed near by. The feeding is spasmodic, sometimes nothing
being eaten for two or three days and then in a night almost
all of a small plant consumed. When ravenously hungry a larva
will cut holes and notches in a leaf without waiting to construct
a retreat. The larva at any age seems unable to cling to the
naked leaf surface but when moving about always swings its
head from side to side laying down silk fibers to which it clings.
In this manner it readily climbs a perpendicular glass surface.
Excrement is ejected with a snap which sends it to a distance
of two or three feet from the plant.

The newly hatched larva is pale yellow with glistening black
head and with a single narrow black cervical band separated a
short distance from the head and running down on each side
to- the latero- ventral margin where it ends in a small black dot.
The neck-like appearance, caused by a decided constriction of
the body just behind the head, is more conspicuous in the later
stages as is also the vertical position of the head. The body is
provided with scattering minute shining hairs, a pair of which
projecting caudad are somewhat larger than the rest. As the
larva feeds it assumes a greenish color which, in the second and
later instars, is covered with a glaucous, frost-like overcolor. A
darker green meso-dorsal lihe appears and the caudal end of the
body becomes flattened and boat-shaped, covering and conceal-
ing the caudal pair of legs. A pair of black dots on the third
segment from the caudal end becomes more conspicuous with
each succeeding molt. The surface of the head becomes granular
and sparingly hirsute and under a lens the skin of the body is
seen to be covered with minute black bristles.

There are five instars which may be distinguished by the

head widths as given below in

millimeters :

Instar

Average

Maximum

Minimum

First

0.6249

0.6530

0.6063

Second

0.9001

0.9328

0.7929

Third :

1.2599

1.3059

1.2126

Fourth

1.7492

1.8656

1.5858

Fifth

2.3599

2.5186

2.2387

These measurements were taken from a large number

of head

casts and while there is considerable- variation within each in-
( Continued on Page 10)

Summer Number

A NEW AND REMARKABLE FIG MIDGE

By E. P. Felt, State Entomologist, Albany, N. Y.

The remarkable form described below differs from all other
gall midges known to us by the forty-one antennal segments in
at least one sex, presumably in both, and in addition possesses
structural peculiarities which necessitate the erection of a new

Ficiomyia n. g.

The genus runs in our Key to the Chilian Scheueria Kieff,
from which it is easily separated by the much greater number
of antennal segments, the occurrence of distinct stems on the
flagellate antennal segments of both sexes, the absence of marked
reticulations in the circumfila and the claws being distinctly
longer than the pulvilli. The male genitalia present striking
peculiarities, evidenced in part by the subapical insertion of
the terminal clasp segment.

Type F. perarticulata n. sp.

Ficiomyia perarticulata n. sp.

The insects were reared from the fruits of Ficus aurea' by ^
G. F. Moznette of the Federal Bureau of Entomology, s{;ationed
at Miami, Fla., and forwarded under date of February 9, 1922.
Unfortunately, these specimens were somewhat broken in transit
and as a consequence, the descriptions given below are not com-
plete in certain details. The larger reddish females were much
more abundant in the sending than the few smaller, yellowish
males.

Male: — Length 2 mm. Antennae probably one-fourth longer
than the body, sparsely haired, light fuscous yellowish, probably
forty-one segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths
the length of the sub-cylindric basal enlargement, which latter
has a length almost twice its diameter, basally a sparse whorl
of moderately stout setae, sub-apically a somewhat thicker whorl
of long, bent setae; low circumfila occur at the basal third and
apically; terminal segments missing; palpi probably uniartic-
ulate; mesonotum fuscous yellowish; scutellum and postscutel-
lum yellowish ; abdomen fuscous yellowish ; wings hyaline, rather
thickly clothed with fuscous scales; sub-costa uniting with the
margin at the basal third, the nearly straight third vein at the
apex of the wing, the fifth at the basal fourth, its branch at
the basal third ; halteres pale yellowish ; coxae fuscous yellowish ;
legs mostly dark straw ; the distal tarsal segments pale straw ;
claws long, rather stout, unidentate ; the pulvilli about one-half
the length of the claws (Unguial characters probably true of all

The Florida Entomologist

legs and for both sexes) ; genitalia, basal clasp segment mod-
erately long, stout, with a spud shaped apical process having
a length nearly equal the diameter of the segment; terminal
segment sub-apical, moderately stout, slightly curved and with
a stout, chitinous spur apically; dorsal plate long, broad, very
deeply and triangularly divided, the lobes broadly triangular
and thickly clothed apically with long, stout setae ; ventral plate
long, very deeply and roundly emarginate, the slender, sub-
acute lobes with a length fully six times their width; harpes
moderately long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate;
the lobes broad, and broadly rounded apically ; style long, broad,
broadly rounded apically.

Female: — Length 2.5 mm. Antennae probably shorter than
the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, forty-one segments,
the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the sub-cylindric
basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-fourth greater
than its diameter, basally a thick whorl of long, stout setae ex-
tending to the tip of the segment; low circumfila at the basal
third and apically; terminal segment slightly produced, roundly
cuboidal and. with a length nearly one-half greater than its dia-
meter. Palpi : liniarticulate, the one segment having a length
nearly twice its diameter and bearing apically a sparse group
of rather long, stout setae ; mesonotum dark brown ; sub-median
lines yellowish; scutellum dark brown; postscutellum yellowish
brown; abdomen dark reddish brown; halteres pale yellowish;
coxae reddish brown ; femora a variable fuscous ; tibiae and tarsi
dark straw; the ovipositor about one-fourth the length of the
abdomen, fuscous yellowish; terminal lobes with a length about
three times the width, broadly rounded apically and with a few
sparse setae. Other characters probably as in the male.

Type Cecid. A 3228, N. Y. State Museum.

ANOTHER CAMPHOR THRIPS

J. R. Watson

Kary«ia gen. Nov. (Phloeothripidae, Cryptothripinae) .

Head longer than broad and longer than the pro thorax. Wings com-
paratively weak and short; membrane slightly narrowed in the middle.
Tibiae without teeth; tarsi of ? armed with a large curved tooth; fore
femora thickened in both sexes, without teeth near the apex. Antennae
8-segmented, segments 6 and 7 not united. Ocelli present, widely sep-
arated. Labrum sharp-pointed and extending beyond the remainder of the
broadly-rounded mouth cone. Bristles of the last abdominal segment long
and slender, extending beyond the tube, at least in the ?. Intermediate
antennal, segments little longer than the others. Cheek roughned but with-
out bristles. The new genus differs from Megalomerothrips (Watson) in
that the intermediate antennal segments are not elongated and the male
lacks the long tarsal tooth.

Summer Number

Type K. weigeli.

K. weigeli, n. sp.

9. Color uniformly dark brown except the fore tibiae and tarsi and
antennal segment 3, which are brownish yellow.

Measurements: Total body length 1.4 mm. (1.2 to 1.6). Head, length

0.17, width 0.14 mm.; prothorax, length 0.12, width (including coxae)
0.25 mm.; mesothorax, width 0.23 mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.28 mm.;
tube, length 0.11, width at base 0.056, at apex 0.029 mm.

Antennae: total length 0.29 mm.

Segment

I- 1 1

2 1

3 1

4 1

5 1

6 1

1 8

Length

1 32 1

41 1

48 1

43 1

36 1

4~2

1 28

Breadth

127.5 1

27 1

26 1

28 1

22 1

‘ 217

1 12 microns

Head about 1.2 longer than wide and considerably longer than the pro-
thorax, smooth except for. a few longtitudinal lines ; cheeks slightly arched,
slightly converging posteriorly, roughened; post-ocular bristles about as
long as the eyes, knobbed, pale, no other prominent bristles on the head.
Eyes rather small, scarcely a third the length of the head, roughly triangular
in outline, dark. Ocelli large, yellov/ish brown, well separated ; posterior pair
situated opposite the middle of the eyes, close to, but not touching, their
margins; bordered by narrow orange crescents. Mouth cone reaching .6
the distance across the prosternum. Antennae about 1% as long as the
head, segment 1 concolorous with the head; 2 lighter brown, urn-shaped
with a broad pedicel; 3 yellowish-brown, almost triangular; 4 brown but
lighter than 5-8 which are uniformly dark brown, conspicuously the largest
segment; 6 conspicuously short and narrow, ovoid; 7 barrel-shaped; 8
conical. Bristles and sense cones pale and inconspicuous.

Prothorax (including coxae) fully twice as wide as long, trapezoidal in
outline; posterior angles well rounded, bearing a single* pale, knobbed
bristle of medium length, a somewhat longer one on each coxa, also knobbed ;
a minute bristle on each anterior angle.

Mesothorax somewhat narrower than the prothorax, sides converging
sharply posteriorly. Meta thorax, sides nearly straight and parallel. Wings
short, membrane reaching to about the middle of the abdomen, colorless
except for a brown area at the base; fringing hairs long but sparse, 2 or
3 interlocated ones. Legs short; fore femora much thickened, with a long
bristle and two shorter ones on the inner side; fore tarsus with a curved
tooth, which is variable in size.

Abdomen cylindical, segments 2-9 bearing .on each posterior angle a
knobbed, almost colorless bristle, which become progressively larger pos-
teriorly; segments 7-9 bear in addition from one to three pairs of pointed
bristles, two pairs of these on the ninth segment are much longer than
the tube, a pair of knobbed bristles nearly or quite as long as the tube
arises from the ninth segment adjacent to the base of the tube.

Male. Somewhat larger than the female; prothorax much smaller. Gen-
eral color brownish yellow, head, prothorax, and fore legs yellowish brown,
pterothorax and middle and hind legs light brownish yellow with darker
spots; abdominal segments 1 and 2 light yellow, 3, 4, 8, and 9 deep yellow,
3 and 4 with brownish anterior margins; 5 light brown, 6 dark brown, 7
yellowish brown, 5 and 6 forming a conspicuous dark band; tube brownish
yellow. Fore wings banded with brown in the middle and at the tips; no
interlocated hairs. Hind wings shaded with brown but not banded. Fore
femora enlarged but much smaller than those of the female. Terminal
bristles of the abdomen and of the tube much shorter than in the female.
Labrum shorter, barely exceeding the remainder of the mouth cone. No
tarsal teeth.

Described from two females and a male collected by Mr. C. A. Weigel
at New Orleans, La., February, ’22, from camphor infested with camphor
scale (Pseudaonidia duplex), and a single female and larva collected from
camphor at New Orleans by Mr. W. W. Yothers, June 24, 1921. Type in
the author’s collection.

^/?e

FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST

Official Organ of The Florida Entomological Society, Gainesville,

Florida.

J. R. Watson Editor'

WiLMON Newell Associate Editor

A. H. Beyer Business Manager

Issued once every three months. Free to all members of the
Society.

Subscription price to non-members is $1.00 per year in ad-
vance; 35 cents per copy.

A Correction. Thru an oversight the last number of the
Entomologist was marked No. 3 of Vol. V instead of No. 4.

MOSQUITO CONTROL IN FLORIDA

A very valuable bulletin has just been published by the Flor-
ida State Board of Health. It is entitled “Mosquitoes and Mos-
quito Control/' by Geo. W. Simons and Geo. F. Mosnette.

In a recent publication of the Russell Sage Foundation, “Sur-
vey of Florida County Jails,” by B. C. Riley of the General Ex-
tension Division, University of Florida, the statement is made
that “only half the jails have any screens.” This is indeed a
deplorable and dangerous condition of affairs. Not only is an
unscreened jail a cruel injustice to the prisoners but also a con-
stant menace to the health of the community in which it is sit-
uated. It could easily serve as a center of infection from which
malaria might spread over the town.

MEETINGS OF THE FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

March 27. The Society met with the Horticultural Seminar
in the office of the Nursery Inspector, Pres. Floyd of the Seminar
in the chair. Members present: Berger, Burger, Floyd, Lord,
Montgomery, Stone and Watson. Prof. Watson read a paper
on the “Correlation Between Sunspot Maxima and Florida
Freezes,” This was followed by a general discussion. Dr.
Burger discussed Current Notes on Plant Pathology with a re-
view of Smith’s “Bacterial Diseases of Plants.” Mr. Goodwin
was elected Business Manager of the Entomologist in the place
of Dr. E. W. Berger, resigned. 0. T. Stone, Sec’y Pro. Tern.

(8)

Summer Number

April 24. The Society met in the Plant Board offices with
Pres. Stirling in the chair. Members present: Berger, Beyer,

Brown, Lord, Merrill, Montgomery, Newell, O’Byrne, Stirling,
Watson. Mr. Brown gave an illustrated paper on “Protecting
Florida’s Horticulture.”

May 22. The Society met with the Horticultural Seminar,
Dr. E. W, Berger in the chair. Major W. L. Floyd, Prof, of
Horticulture in the University; Reginald Hart of the Plant
Board, stationed at Ft. Lauderdale ; Mr. Ed. L. Ayers, and Prof.
J. S. Rogers were elected to membership in the Society. Mr.
A. H. Beyer was elected Business Manager of the Entomologist.
Mr. Ayers gave the paper of the evening on Bordeaux Mixture.
He discussed the proper method of making the mixture and the .
causes of burning.

PERSONALS

R. N. Van Zwaluwenburg, entomologist of the United Sugar
Companies, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, was visiting Mr. Mer-
rill, May 28. He was on his way to Cuba to collect parasites of
the Sugar Cane Moth Borers.

The position of Extension Entomologist and Pathologist of
the Agricultural Extension Division has been filled by the ap-
pointment of Mr. Ed. L. Ayers of Texas. Mr. Ayers has had
much experience in Texas as Nursery Inspector and with com-
mercial horticultural firms.

Prof. J. S. Rogers, head of the Department of Biology in the
University, has left for Michigan on his summer vacation.

Mr. 0. T. Stone of the Nursery Inspection Office has moved
into his new house on West Union street.

ANOTHER APHID FROM GAINESVILLE

In connection with the host plant list of Gainesville aphids by
Mr. Mason, published in our last issue, Mr. Geo. G. Ainslie
calls our attention to Carolinaia cyperi Ainslie, the original de-
scription of which was published in the Canadian Entomologist
March, 1915. This was collected from nut grass at Gainesville
by Mr. Ainslie and is probably the species Mr. Mason records
on page 23 as Carolinaia sp.

The Florida Entomologist

A LADY-BEETLE NEW TO FLORIDA

Mr. Geo. F. Merrill adds to the list of Florida Coleoptera the
white lady-beetle Olla abdominalis Say. It was sent in from
Tampa. Its range has hitherto been given as Indiana to Texas
and west.

THE CORN LEAF-TIER, LEREMA ACCIUS S. & A.

(Continued from Page 4)

star, they do not overlap. In the first two instars the head is
black, in the last two it is strikingly banded with white in the
form of a narrow white band completely encircling the face on
the margin and an inverted white V on each side of the face.
In the last instar the vertex becomes reddish-brown. The third
instar, however, presents both black heads and those striped
with white as described for the fourth and fifth. This variation
may be due to sex though this was not proven. Two larvae
taken near together and having exactly the same head widths
showed this difference.

As the larva prepares to molt the new head is formed within
the body just caudad of the old one and shortly before the skin
breaks there appear to be two distinct heads, even the mark-
ings of the new one showing through the epidermis. All the
head casts are discarded unbroken except the last one which
ruptures along the frontal suture. The pellicles of all except
the last molt are very delicate and difficult to find. The larva
is pale gray when freshly molted.

A day or two before pupation the larva becomes covered with
a distinct while pulverulence. We have observed its first ap-
pearance as much as four days before pupation as two powdery
white areas on the ventro-lateral margin of the body just caudad
of the caudal pair of legs. From this point it spreads until the
whole body is covered. It is all carried away with the last
exuvium which remains attached to the head cast and is much
more bulky than any of the preceding.

Twenty larvae were reared, nine of them completely through
from egg to adult. The following table shows in days the length
of the different instars and the total larval life.

Summer Number

No. of
Larva

First

instar

Second Third
instar instar

Fourth Fifth
instar instar

Total

larval

Pupa

stage

Prob-

able

egg

Total

5 8

6 12

8 12

-16

-14

■17

16 8

-13

- 9

-11

-10

25-

Average 8.4

8.2

8.6

42.3

*These larvae were taken in Florida in November, 1912, and reared indoors at
Nashville, Tennessee. They are not included in the averages.

When fully grown the larva covers a portion of the surface of
a leaf with silk, suspends itself with a girdle about the thorax
and pupates in a fold of the leaf, head downward in most cases.
The larval skin breaks along the dorsal line from the head to
about the second abdominal segment and is worked back by the
pupa to its caudal extremity. The pupa is clear translucent
green, 27 mm., long and 5 mm. wide. The anterior end is drawn
out into a conical process 3 mm. long. The tongue lies in a
straight slender case along the ventral side. Four or five days
before emergence the wing pads and thorax assume an opaque
whitish color, the eyes begin to darken and finally become deep

The Florida Entomologist

purple. The body retains its pale color until a few hours before
emergence when it rapidly darkens from the head caudad. The
pupal case remains as a crumpled dingy-white skin attached to
the leaf. The duration of the pupal stage is shown in the table
on page 11. An individual reared at Brownsville, Texas, by Mr.
R. A. Vickery remained 11 days in the pupa and Mr. W. R.
McConnell noted seven at Greenwood, Mississippi, which emerged
in from seven to thirteen days. The maximum reached under
out-of-door conditions in Florida was 16 days and the lengthened
pupal period of the individuals reared at temperatures greatly
below normal at Nashville indicates some power of adaptation
to unfavorable conditions in this stage.

The writer has not had the opportunity to follow this species
throughout an entire year in the field and all the data at hand
concerning its seasonal history are fragmentary. February 11
a first instar larva was found at Brownsville, Texas. June 3 a
nearly full grown larva and June 17 a pupa were taken at
Greenwood, Mississippi. As early as June 1 a larva nearly full
grown, was found at Marion, South Carolina, and September
16 full grown larvae and pupae were found at Clemson College,
in the same state, on corn growing in an open greenhouse used
as an insectary and at the same place on September 25 on up-
land rice growing in the open. At Orlando, Florida, larvae
survived the mild winter of 1912-13 which was unusually warm
even for Florida, there being insufficient frost to injure corn
growing in the open. Mr. McConnell attempted without success
to carry larvae and pupae through the winter at Greenwood,
Mississippi, where they were exposed to freezing, but not se-
vere, temperatures. The great susceptibility to frost of the
similar and closely related species, Calpodes ethlius, and the
-probable tropical origin of this species lead to the conclusion
that it cannot survive severe freezing weather. If such be the
case the butterflies must travel for long distances and very
rapidly to reach so early in the summer the localities mentioned
above. The larvae in the table on page 11 are arranged in
approximate chronological order from November, 1912 to June,
1913, and the figures indicate that the time required for develop-
ment becomes less as the season advances. At none of the points
where this species has been noted do the records indicate any
distinct generations, furnishing further support to the theory
of its tropical origin ; for definite seasonal habits with long

Summer Number

quiescent periods, little or not at all affected by outside in-
fluences, are evidence of a long course of adjustment to condi-
tions as found in the temperate zone.

In the spring of 1913 the generations were not distinct, for
eggs and larvae of all sizes were found at the same time. The
time required for the development of a generation, 65 days not
including the time required for mating and oviposition after
emergence, indicates that there may be several generations in
Florida in one year, and at least two as far north as the species
is likely to go. It is probable that it is a continuous breeder
in its permanent range and that it travels northward every
summer and is killed back every winter as is the case with
several others of our economically important insects. However,
the fact that Calpodes ethlius has reached and caused damage
at Washington, D. C., may indicate similar possibilities for this
species-.

The original account gave American wisteria (Bradleya frute-
scens (L.) Britton) as the food plant but a note adds that it
“is most commonly to be met with in the chrysalis state on the
blades of Indian corn, Zea mays, in which it enfolds itself.^’
Chapman found larvae in the leaves of Erianthus alopecuroides
(L.) Ell. at Apalachicola, Florida. McConnell found several
larvae feeding oh sorghum at Greenwood, Mississippi, and one
on a grass locally known as “tumble grass,” probably Panicum
capUlare, at Memphis, Tennessee. The writer found larvae
feeding in leaves of upland rice on the grounds of the South
Carolina Experiment Station at Clemson College and a single
one in a rolled leaf of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) at
the Florida Experiment Station at Gainesville. All other rec-
ords give corn as the food plant. Further observations are re*
quired to determine the possible food plants but, among culti-
vated crops, corn will probably head the list.

Three species of parasites have been reared, one from eggs
and two from larvae.

Xenufens ruskini Gir. Of eleven eggs taken on corn leaves
at Orlando, January 28, two were mottled and darker than the
rest. On February 10 they had become very dark and on the
20th 12 minute hymenopterons emerged from one egg, and on
the 25th, 10 from the other. They left through a small hole in

The Florida Entomologist

the apex. The empty shell retained its mottled appearance.
Another egg in the same lot appeared normal until February
4 when the shell showed faint mottling .which slowly increased
until 12 adult parasites emerged on March 10, 42 days after the
egg was collected. Eggs of Calpodes ethlius occurring in large
numbers on canna leaves at Orlando on February 17 were found
to be almost 100% parasitized and though most of the parasites
had emerged, enough were obtained from the several dozen eggs
collected to determine them as the same species attacking the
eggs of Lerema accius. The parasite was described by Girault*
from specimens reared from eggs of Eudamus proteus taken in
the same vicinity and at the same time it was 'found attacking
the eggs of Lerema accius.

Microdus sp. A small dwarfed larva of Lerema, taken in the
field at Lakeland, April 10, gave forth on the 15th a hymenopter-
ous grub which, after spinning a few threads, pupated in a
corner of the box in which its host had been confined. The
pupa was 8 mm. long, naked, white except for the eyes and
ocelli which darkened as development proceeded. On the 24th
the thorax turned yellow, and the adult emerged on the 26th.
The adult, which proved to be a female, had a reddish-brown
head and thorax, yellow abdomen and black wings.

Euplectrus insuetus Gahan. An undersized yellowish larva
taken in the field at Lakeland, April 10 almost at once gave
forth 16 white grubs which moved a few millimeters from the
dead body of their host and transformed to naked pupae at-
tached to the bottom of the box with their ventral sides upper-
most. On the 23rd the adults, small Chalcids, emerged. They
are black except for the dark eyes and the legs and cephalic
half of the abdomen which are pale yellow. From this material
the species was described by Mr. A. B. Gahanf as new.

Investigations during the more entomologically active part
of the year would undoubtedly reveal more parasites concerned
in the control of this species and it seems likely that the ordinary
scarcity of the larvae may be attributed to parasitic agency.

*Ent. News, Vol. 27, p. 6.
fProc. U. S. N. M. Vol. 48, p. 164.

Summer Number

CONSIDER THE FLY

The tops of the maples are red with buds; the warm forest
glades are dotted with' violets and white forget-me-notes (Hous-
tonias) ; an occasional sedge, and in the more sunny spots the
Sheep Sorrell (Oxalis), are in bloom; and in the deeper shade
the Twin Flower. It is early spring. (January 15.)

And as we rest here in this sunny glade in the forest Muscus
domesticus comes to keep us company. In our towns we call
him the ‘‘Typhoid Fly’^ and hire sanitary officers to deal with
him, to wage unceasing war against his young. In our dwell-
ings we call him the “House Fly.” We screen against him. We
trap him. We poison him. We swat him. But here in the
woods he is a harmless, sociable fellow — and so hardy! — the
first insect to crawl out on a cold morning, a real harbinger of
spring. He does not bite like his cousin the Stable Fly. And
why blame him for carrying our filth about? It is we who
furnish him with his germs. Like too many of us humans he
has been spoiled by too much “civilization.” Clean up our
towns and barns and he would cease to be a menace. Would he
cease to exist? Probably not, for I read that on some barren
South Pacific island, where the only vertebrate animal to fur-
nish him manure is a species of rat, he is present in abundance.
Verily he is a hardy rascal.

THREE SCALES NEW TO FLORIDA

Mr. Geo. Merrill has recently added to the list of the scale
insects of Florida three species, as follows :

Gymnaspis aechmeae Newst. was collected from Bromeliaceae
at Little River by Mr. Jeff Chaffin. It has also been taken at
Gotha.

Targionia sacchari (Ckll.) was taken from sugar cane at
Miami by Mr. E. L. Kelly.

Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke — Camellia Scale. On Camellia
Japonica. From Oneco to Tallahassee, Alabama, Georgia and
Mississippi.

The Florida Entomologist

WHAT’S IN A NAME? SOMETIMES CONSIDERABLE

A recent correspondent expresses himself as follows concern-
ing the new fumigant for borers in peach trees: Paradichloro-

benzene.

‘‘Say, why couldn’t the inventor have simply named the stuff
‘borer assassinator’; or, if he had to have a long name for it,
called it “Sickhimandgoinyourlengthandgethim benzene’? And
then we laymen could analyze the name.” — C. A. Finley.

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Now is the time to spray trees affected with rust mite,
scab or melanose. We handle the

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indefinitely if top is replaced after using. Dissolves readily
in any water. Add Dry Lime Sulphur to water and stir.
Five pounds to one hundred gallons water for rust mite,
equivalent to two gallons 33° Lime Sulphur Solution to
one hundred gallons of water. Prices range from 10% to
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Bordeaux Mixture
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Carbolic Acid, Crude
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Soluble Sulphur Compound
Sulphur Flowers, etc.

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IN OUR SPRAYING DEPARTMENT
we carry only the best and most reliable, such as Leggett s
Champion Duster, Lowell Compressed Air Sprayers and
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When writing to advertisers mention The Florida Entomologist

NOV 1 4 ^y22

Entomologist

Official Organ of the Florida Entomological Society

VOL. VI

AUTUMN NUMBER

No. 2

SEPTEMBER, 1922

NEW SPECIES OF CICADELLIDAE FROM THE SOUTHERN

U. S. (Homoptera)

Herbert Osborn

Deltocephalus limicolus, n. sp.

Dark gray with fuscous markings; numerous reticulate lines and cross
nervures on the eytra. Length, female 3.75 mm; male 3.6 mm.

Head wider than pronotum; vertex wider than long, one-half longer at
middle than next the eye, obtusely angulate; margin subangulate to front;
front broad, lateral borders curved; clypeus with sides nearly parallel;
cheeks broad and deeply sinuate. Pronotum as long as vertex, truncate
behind; scutellum small; elytral venation irregular, the clavus with numer-
ous irregular reticulations, and the anteapical cells broken by irregular
cross veinlets.

Color: Gray; vertex ivory whitish with four dots on the anterior bor-
der, two lunate spots midway and two rounded ocellate spots on the hind
border, fuscous. Pronotum fuscous with five gray stripes, the inner three
connected by cross-band near the front; scutellum with ivory spots each
side; elytral veins and veinlets mostly ivory white, the areoles mostly
fuscous, the first apical areole densely black, the others with whitish cen-
ters bordered with smoky; front pale fuscous with transverse whitish arcs
and a central whitish line; clypeus dull white with smoky borders; lorae
light yellow, with dusky margin; cheeks dull gray, legs fuscous, banded and
striped with dull white; abdomen beneath blackish, the borders of segments
and the outer part of pygofer lighter.

Genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short; hind border truncate or
slightly concave; pale whitish, bordered with fuscous; side plates conspicu-
ous. Male, valve short, transverse, broadly rounded behind; plates broad
at base, narrowing rapidly, terminating in acute thin slightly upturned tips
not attaining the tip of the pygofer.

Numerous specimens were collected at St. Petersburg, Fla., February
and March, 1921, on a creeping succulent plant growing in a tidal flat
and associated with fiddler crabs and snails. Type and paratypes in
author’s collection. Superficially this species bears some resemblance to
arundineus, but the details of the color pattern are different, the body
is more robust, and there are distinct differences in the genitalia.

Deltocephalus fusconotatus, n. sp. THE LIBRARY OE THE

Ivory whitish with numerous fuscous spots on pronotum, scutellum and
base of elytra. Length, male 3.5 mm. ’ *\n ^

Natural History Survey
Library

UNIVERSITY OF ILLI

The Florida Entomologist

Head slightly wider than pronotum; vertex as long as width between
the eyes, one-half longer at middle than at eye, margin acute toward the
apex; front narrow, tapering gradually to base of clypeus; clypeus long,
nearly twice as long as wide, sides nearly parallel; lorae short, distant from
border of cheek; cheeks broad, distinctly sinuate beneath the eye. Pronotum
as long as vertex; scutellum acuminate at tip; claval veins merging near
base, middle anteapical cell divided by merging of veins.

Color: Light gray or ivory white; vertex bordered anteriorly with black,
except at extreme tip; the outer part of the black line enclosing the ocellus.
Pronotum with three somewhat diffuse spots, scutellum with two dots on
the base, elytra with a basal dot and a dot before and back of the merged
veins, a costal spot near the base, another before the nodal vein and the
apical cells, fuscous or blackish; face with base of front densely black, the
remainder of front with clypeus, lorae and lower part of cheek, white; a
large squarish spot below the eye, reaching antennal pit, black; thorax and
abdomen white with a black dot on the pleural pieces, a black band at apex
of femora, and black dots on the hind tibiae, and black rings on the hind
tarsi.

Genitalia: Male, valve narrow, rounded behind; plates small triangular,
about one-half the length of pygofer.

Described from a single specimen, collected at “Cameron, La., Aug.
14-28, 1903’’, by Prof. J. S. Hine.

This is a handsome little species, somewhat resembling arnndineus, but
differing so much in the color pattern, especially on the face, that it seems
impossible to refer it to that species. There is also a distinct difference in
the male genitalia.

Lonatura notata, n. sp.

Pale straw color, with numerous black dots on pronotum, elytra and
abdomen. Length, female 4 mm; male 3.5 to 3.75 mm.

Head slightly wider than pronotum, distinctly produced, subconical;
vertex somewhat flattened, but convex, as long as width between the eyes,
nearly twice longer at the middle than next the eye; front narrowing rather
abruptly to clypeus; clypeus broad, about one-half longer than width at
base, scarcely widened at the middle; lorae elongate, the tips distant from
border of the cheek; cheeks narrow, the margin sinuate beneath the eye.
Pronotum about three-fourths as long as vertex, hind border slightly con-
cave; scutellum small, short; elytra scarcely reaching base of abdomen,
hind border truncate, leaving entire upper surface of abdomen exposed.

Color: Light straw; vertex with three pairs of faintly fuscous spots;
two dots on the anterior border, a larger spot at the lateral border, two
dots at base of scutellum, a large dot on clavus, a similar one at middle
of hind border of elytra, and eight series of dots on the abdominal seg-
ments, a dot on anterior femora, a line on the hind femora, dots on the
hind tibiae and tarsal claws dark fuscous or black.

Genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, concave behind, with a
central broad tooth notched at the apex; ovipositor scarcely exceeding the
pygofer. Male, valve short, rounded behind; plates small, triangular, acute
at tip, reaching half way to end of pygofer.

Described from specimens collected at St. Petersburg, Fla., March 5,
1921. Type and paratypes in author’s collection. I have also taken sped-

Autumn Number

mens at Ocean Springs and Pascagoula, Mississippi, during February, 1921.

The species occurs in the flat-woods association on native grass, and is
probably a grass feeder. Numerous black dots on the upper surface seem
to be a distinctive character. Only short-winged forms have been noted, so
that the venation of long-winged forms, if they occur, has not been seen.

Euscelis (Athysanus) fumidus n. sp.

Somewhat like magnus but much darker, smoky black, the entire sur-
face appearing suffused with a deep brown-black color. Length, male
6.25 mm.

Head wider than pronotum, vertex short, scarcely longer on middle than
next the eye, very obtusely rounded to front, front broad, subangulate at
antennae, narrowed abruptly to clypeus; clypeus nearly twice as long as
wide, cheek broadly rounded below the eye. Pronotum distinctly transversely
striate. Posterior border shallowly concave.

Color: Dark fuscous with small obscure yellowish irrorations; vertex
lighter, yellowish with fuscous irrorations; front lighter above, darker be-
low with obscure pale arcs; clypeus nearly black; lorae and cheeks blackish
smoky, the whole irrorate with minute yellowish dots. Pronotum scutellum
and elytra blackish with minute yellowish dots. Legs blackish with spines
somewhat lighter, venter blackish with a central row of light dots.

Genitalia: Male valve small, short, obtusely angulate behind; plates

small elongate triangular, tips acute, black, with a row of lighter bristles on
the margin.

One specimen, male (type) of this peculiar species from Chester, Ga.
This has the appearance of a Phlepsius and might be considered as related
to P. latifrons but it is evidently congeneric with magnus. It is distinctly
different from this species in the absence of the white band on the pronotum
and the white costa, as well as in the intense pitchy black color. If an
extreme form of magnus it will have to be recognized as a distinct variety.

Euscelis (Athysanus) drakei, n. sp.

Related to magnus and fumidus with a yellowish band behind the mid-
dle of pronotum and four milky spots on elytra. Length 6.25 mm, 6 mm.

Head wider than pronotum. Vertex very short, margins parallel; disc
convex rounded to the front; front convex except slight depression at base,
front about as broad as long, suture below ocellus distant from eye, obtusely
angled at eye; clypeus tip scarcely wider than base; lorae rather broad, not
reaching margin of cheek; cheek broad, sinuate below eye; pronotum broad;
anterior margin broadly arcuate, hind margin slightly concave, lateral
margin flaring and sharply carinate. Elytra densely reticulate, somewhat
rugose, scarcely exceeding tip of abdomen.

Color: Smoky brown to fuscous. Vertex tawny with minute fulvous
dots; upper portion of face like vertex; front below minutely dotted with
tawny; arcs faintly indicated; cheeks darker on the margins. Pronotum
dark brown to fuscous; posterior border somewhat darker, with a broad
yellowish band behind the middle, the whole minutely sprinkled with tawny
dots. Scutellum tawny with yellow dots. Elytra smoky, minutely dotted with
fuscous; two white patches on the middle of clavus and two on the inner
anteapical cell, the anterior just below claval spot.

The Florida Entomologist

Genitalia : P'’emale, last ventral segment scarcely longer than penulti-
mate; posterior border sinuous, the middle third and lateral lobes produced;
minutely notched on middlle, lateral lobes rounded.

Described from two spemines, females, (type and paratype) collected
at Gainesville, Fla., by C. J. Drake. Type in Osborn collection, Ohio State
University.

This species is very close to maynus O. & B. but aside from the con-
spicuous transverse spots on the elytra, the costa is not white and the
female segmient differs in form.

Euscelis (Athysanus) magnus var piceus, n. var.

Similar to magnus of typical form but with the coloration, except for
the white band on the pronotum and the costal border, of a deep pitchy black
and the female sgment with median notch much smaller. Collected by Mr.
H. L. Dozier at Pascagoula, Miss., Aug. 8, 1921.

Mesamia nervosus, n. sp.

Light yellow; vertex with an interrupted submarginal black border;
elytra with fuscous veins; five or more conspicuous cross veinlets in the
outer costal area. Length, female 4 mm.; male 3.5 mm.

Head slightly wider than pronotum; vertex nearly twice as wide as long,
rounded in front, about one-fourth longer at middle than next the eye,
distinctly angular to front; front narrowing nearly uniformly to base of
clypeus; clypeus narrow, nearly twice as wide as long, slightly widened to-
ward the tip; lorae rather narrow, with tip nearly reaching to the margin
of the cheek; cheek slightly sinuate below the eye. Pronotum two-thirds
longer than vertex, slightly concave behind; elytra with cross veinlets in
outer claval and costal cells; two cross veins.

Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellow tinged with green, vertex

with a conspicuous submarginal band interrupted at the middle behind
which is a fainter fuscous band in the female, scarcely apparent in the male;
disc of pronotum darker; elytra hyaline, the veins conspicuously dark fus-
cous or black, the cross veinlets of costa widening on the margin; api-
cal broadly blackish; beneath, face yellowish-green, a narrow black line
bordering the base of front; abdomen greenish, the segments above with
black spots or bands.

Genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about twice as long as pre-
ceding; apex broadly rounded with a faint notch at middle; male, valve
short, rounded behind; plates triangular with acute upturned tips; the disc
marked with a distinct impression paralleling the outer border.

Described from a female, (type) Sept. 27, 1921; and male, (allotype)
Sept. 9, 1921, collected by Mr. F. E. Guyton, Auburn, Alabama.

Also one female, (paratype), from Keatchie, La., June 14, 1905. This
latter dilfers from the type in having a less distinct second band on the
vertex, a more distinct yellow color to the pronotum, but otherwise is so
similar that it seems impossible to consider it a distinct species.

These specimens approach most nearly to Mesamia stramineus, Osb.,
but have a different shaped vertex and much more distinct venation.

Autumn Number

ADDITIONS TO THE THYSANOPTERA OF FLORIDA. X

J. R. Watson

54. Megalomerothrips eupatorii Watson.

Male. The female only of this species was originally described. (Fla.
Buggist, Vol. II, No. 3, Feb. 1919). We now have the male also. Much
darker in color than the female, almost jet* black. Fore tarsus with a very
large, slightly curved spine, 27 interlocated bristles on the fore wing. Taken
from the burrow of a cerambycid in a dead twig of avocado. Winter Haven,
Oct., 1921. An additional female was collected by Dr. E. W. Berger in
one of his colonies of cottony cushion scale. It may be predaceous.

57. Dictyothrips floridensis Watson.

Male. Considerably lighter in color than the female. Light brown with
traces of bright red hypodermal pigment. Abdomen very slender, darker
than the thorax. In the integument on the dorsal side of segments 2-7 are
numerous large pellucid dots which occupy about 14 the surface. These
peculiar dots seem to be entirely absent from the females.

Larvae light yellowish brown with much red hypodermal pigment.
Described from several males and larvae.

In addition to the type locality in the Plant Introduction garden at
Miami, this species has been collected in the Plant Introduction Garden at
Brooksville by W. B. Wood and H. L. Sanford of the U. S. Horticultural
Board. In addition to the original host. Guava, it was taken on Passiflora
sp., Rubus sp., Arracacia xanthorihisa, and Prunus sp. Since it has been
found only in the Plant Introduction gardens and its nearest relative is a
native of Mexico, it would seem quite probable that this is an introduced
species.

74. Heliothrips phaceoli Hood.

Abundant on Kudzu on the Station grounds, Gainesville, June, 1921.

75. Haplothrips gowdeyi Hood.

In Bidens blossoms. Ft. Myers, March, 1922. Hitherto known only from
the West Indies.

76. Haplothrips humilis Hood.

On compositae. Ft. Myers, March, 1921. Another southern species not
hitherto found in the United States.

77. Haplothrips merrilli Watson.

This species, described from specimens taken from cocoanuts from
Cuba, (Fla. Entomologist, Vol. IV, No. 1), was found by the writer under
the cap scales of cocoanuts at Ft. Myers, March, 1922.

78. Idolothrips tuberculatus Hood.

A male of this species was beaten from basswood (Tilia americana) at
Gainesville, April 14, 1922.

(Mr. H. L. Dozier has specimens of Idolothrips armatus collected at
Prairie, Miss., June 17, 1921, and Batesburg, S. C. It is quite probable
that this species also occurs in Florida.)

79. Zygothrips floridensis n. sp.

Color: Light yellowish brown with much purple hypodermal pigment.
Measurements: Total body length 1.2 mm.; head, length 0.20, width

0.15 mm.; prothorax, length 0.11, width 0.21 mm.; metathorax, width
0.24 mm.; abdomen, width 0.21 mm.; tube, length 0.10, width at base 0.06,

The Florida Entomologist

at apex 0.027 mm. Antennae: Segment 1, 24; 2, 44; 3, 67; 4, 56; 5, 46;
6, 40; 7, 44; 8, 27 microns; total length 0.36 mm.

Head: 1.3 longer than wide, vertex rounded, striate towards the pos-

terior margin; frons elevated; head widest just above the base; cheeks
slightly convex, bearing a few short hairs; postocular bristles short,
reaching but little past the posterior margins of the eyes. Eyes rather
large, slightly protruding; red by reflected light, black by transmitted;
non-pilose; facets large. Ocelli large, yellow, bordered with dark crescents;
situated on the elevated frons, the anterior directed forward, the posterior
pair widely separated, opposite the anterior third of the eyes from whose
margins they are well separated. Mouth-cone short, reaching about half way
across the prosternum; rounded at the tip. Antennae 1.8 times as long as
the head; dark brown except most of segment 3, basal half of 4, and the
extreme base of 5 which are a lighter, yellowish brown, segment 3 long
and narrow. All bristles very small. Sense cones somewhat larger but
colorless and inconspicuous.

Prothorax little more than half the length of the head, nearly twice as
wide as long; trapezoidal; a prominent bristle on each posterior angle.
These bristles have pale, dilated tips, all others are sharp pointed.

Pterothorax with sides nearly parallel; upper surface striated. Wings
moderately long; membrane quite markedly constricted above the middle,
colorless except for a trace of brown at the extreme base of the primaries,
fringed with comparatively few and short hairs, four interlocated ones on
the primaries. Legs rather long and slender, concolorous with the body
except the fore tibiae which are paler, fore femora not swollen, no spines
on the basal segments of the tarsi; hind tibiae each with a very thick,
heavy bristle near the end.

Abdomen rather long and slender, anterior segments with three or four
prominent bristles on each side, the median one or two sigmoid; on the
posterior segments these 'become curved but not sigmoid; a pair on the
ninth segment considerably longer than the tube. Tube rather wide for its
length; terminal bristles much longer than the tube. Male not seen. De-
scribed from a single female taken by Mr. Geo. B. Merrill from an unknown
shrub collected at Elfers by Mr. C. P. Sheffield, March, 1922. Type in the
author’s collection.

80. Hindsiana cocois Watson.

This insect was recently (Fla. Entomologist, Vol. V, No. 4, April,
1922) described from specimens collected from cocoanuts from Cuba taken
from quarantine at Key West. Mr. Mosnette has sent us five larvae taken
from under scales of cocoanuts at Miami, and Mr. George B. Merrill has
collected a half dozen specimens from a mango from Oneco, Fla. As in the
case of the other specimens, they were associated with scale insects. The
insect is probably predaceous.

81. Cryptothrips laureli Mason (Ent. News Vol. XXXIII, No. 7).

The Bay Thrips. On all species of the genus Tamala in Central Florida
from Frost Proof to Daytona. It probably occurs throughout Northern
Florida but seems to be absent from the bays on the lower East Coast.
Closely related to the Camphor thrips with which it was long confused.

Autumn Number

36. Symphothrips punctatus Hood and Williams.

Oneco, Fla., July, 1922, on mango infested with scales and Septobasidium,
George B. Merrill, Coll. This species has been taken at Key West from
under the cap scales of cocoanuts from Cuba. Originally described from
Orlando.

82. Hoplanddrothrips funnebris Hood.

“Fla.” Hood H7, P. 63. -

83. Hindsjana cocois Watson.

Orginally described irom Cuba (Fla. Entomoligst, Vol. 5, No. 4, April,
1922, P. 66). Collected from mango, Oneco, Fla., by Mr. Jno. W. Collins.

THE GREENHOUSE THRIPS OUT-OF-DOORS IN NORTH-
EASTERN GEORGIA

In August and early September the editor spent a fifteen days’
vacation in Rabun County, Georgia, mostly collecting thrips. The
most surprising capture was that of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis,
the green house thrips, from a wild shrub growing along a
stream near Clayton. With the exception of the southern end
of Florida (about Miami) this insect, in the United States, has
never before been taken outside of greenhouses or in the imme-
diate vicinity of greenhouses during the summer. But there are
no greenhouses within many miles of Clayton and no houses
very near the place of capture. The place and circumstances of
its capture leave no doubt that it is living out of doors there the
year around and point, strongly to it being a native of the re-
gion.

Rabun county is in the northeastern corner of Georgia and
this thrips was collected within seven miles of the North Carolina
line and at an altitude of about 2000 feet. The vegetation and
doubtless the climate of Rabun county is comparable to that of
Southern Ohio. If this thrips can live out of doors in Rabun
county, Georgia, it should, as far as cold is concerned, be able
to do so over a large portion of the United States.

It is, of course, more common in the tropics, and it is supposed
to have been introduced into northern greenhouses on plants
brought from the tropics. Evidently its native range extends
much further north than we have hitherto suspected and, per-
haps, instead of being imported from the tropics, it originally
entered the greenhouses from some local wild host.

J5he

FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST

Official Organ of The Florida Entomological Society, Gainesville,

Florida.

J. R. Watson Editor

WiLMON Newell Associate Editor

A. H. Beyer Business Manager

Issued once every three months. Free to all members of the
Society.

Subscription price to non-members is $1.00 per year in ad-
vance; 35 cents per copy.

ENTOMOLOGY AT THE AGENTS^ MEETING

The eleventh annual conference of the county demonstration
agents was held at the University from September 7 to 14. There
were four scheduled talks on entomological subjects and much
discussion during committee meetings, laboratory and informal
conferences.

Mr. W. W. Yothers outlined the life history of the rust mite.
At least 90% of them complete their life cycle, from egg to egg
in nine days. Exposure to sulphur kills them in fifteen seconds.

A very live topic was that of dusting citrus trees for the con-
trol of rust mite. Mr. DeBusk spoke of the results of some
dusting done in his county in cooperation with the Experiment
Station. The control on the dusted plots was as good as on the
sprayed plots and the cost was only about one fourth that of
spraying. Mr. Kime thought it might be necessary to dust two
or three times to secure as good a control as with spraying.
Other agents spoke of the satisfactory results of dusting in their
counties. Of even more importance than the cheapness of dust-
ing as compared with spraying is the rapidity of the operation.
In large groves, even tho spraying may be started at the first
sign of danger, much damage may be done before the entire
grove can be covered. Another point which might have been
mentioned is that of safety. Much fruit was burned last year
as a result of spraying during hot weather. Mr. Yothers re-
ported as good results from the use of straight flowers of sulphur
as with the mixture of sulphur and lime.

Mr. 'Yothers spoke of the work done at his laboratory on the
entomogenous fungi by Dr. Spear. He came to the conclusion
that the Red Aschersonia was spread mostly by the whitefly
crawlers. This points strongly to the conclusion that the best

(24)

Autumn Number

time to apply the fungus is when the maximum number of crawl-
ers are out, i. e. about a week after the culmination of the June
flight of adults. The yellow aschersonia, however, should ac-
cordingly, be applied about the middle of July. The same prin-
ciple applies to the scale-infesting fungi. They should be sprayed
on the trees when the maximum number of scale crawlers are
out.

Mr. A. C. Brown spoke on sweet-potato certification.

The committee on truck crops reported the control of aphids
to be one of their most serious problems.

RELATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO WING
DEVELOPMENT IN APHIDS^

By Arthur C. Mason

The generally accepted theory of most entomologists and
experimenters on the subject is that winged forms of aphids are
produced only when the continued existence of the apterous
forms, under conditions then existing, might prove disastrous
to the species. This occurs always in the fall in cold climates
when sexual forms are produced, the males of which are usually
winged, and also at any migrating season in the case of those
species which live on two or more different host plants. There
are also many other causes attributed to these adaptive varia-
tions. Among the factors which may be potent in acting as
effective stimuli for wing formation are crowding on the host
and hence lessening of the food supply, unusually high or low
humidity, early lowering of temperature in autumn, changing
constitution of the sap of the plants by chemical means, etc.

In collecting aphids it was noted that usually both winged and
apterous forms occurred in the same colony; also, in the life
history work with Myzus persicae, that some of them would be
winged and others apterous. In several cases plant lice which
were apterous when collected would develop wings when kept in
the laboratory for a day or two. The question often arose as to
why some of these forms were winged and some apterous when
living under the same conditions, and as to whether the en-
vironment of the aphids in the breeding jars had an effect on
this. Hence a series of experiments was planned to prove or
disprove some of these theories.

synopsis of Part IH of thesis entitled “Systematic and Biological Studies of
Some Florida Aphididae”, presented by the writer in 1915 to the University of
Florida for the degree of Master of Science. This is the third and concluding paper
of the series.

The P'lorida Entomologist

Species Used. For carrying on these experiments the follow-
ing three species of aphids were mostly used : Lachnus pini L.,
Myzus persicae Sulz., and Aphis gossypii Glov. These aphids
could be found in greater or less abundance at all times of the
year and both winged and apterous forms occurred naturally in
the colonies. They continued to reproduce viviparously all
through the winter and hence a supply of adults could always be
obtained. The last two species lived on a number of different
host plants and so could be raised under varying conditions.
Another species, Macrosiphum davisi, had been observed for a
year on the rose bushes and no winged forms ever occurred.
Hence some work was done to try to produce some individuals
with wings.

Effect of Injury to Host Plants

Starting out with what appeared to be the most promising
methods of securing results, some experiments were run to
determine the effect of injury of the host plant on the aphids.
For this work some small pine trees infested with Lachnus pini
were selected. The object was to injure the branches by girdling
or partial girdling so as to shut off the flow of sap in the branch
and determine the effect on the aphids.

Branch A was injured by cutting the bark and cambium layer
for one-third of the distance around it; branch B had the bark
cut through the cambium layer for two-thirds of the distance
around; branch C was a check, uninjured. On each of these
branches was placed a small colony of Lachnus pini in a cage.
Another small tree was completely girdled around the base and
a colony placed on it in a manner similar to the others. This
colony is designated as D. A third tree was uninjured and a
colony placed on it for a check, designated as E. These experi-
ments were begun in November and were run for about two
months, the results being recorded two or three times a week.
The number of winged forms found each time were counted and
the results tabulated.^ The table shows that winged forms were
produced in all the cages. On the first tree check colony C had
approximately as many winged forms as colonies A and B which'
were on injured branches. Colony D also had a large number of
winged forms but check colony E for a few weeks produced only
apterous forms. Later on, however, winged ones appeared.

^The tables are necessarily omitted because of lack of space and instead the
results are summarized. The photographs illustrating the work are also excluded.

Autumn Number

A little later the experiment was repeated. Colony F was
placed on another uninjured tree and colony G on a small tree
which was girdled in a manner similar to the tree in the previous
experiment. Colonies H and I were checks on uninjured branches
of another tree. These were carried on as the previous experi-
ments for several weeks with no decided results on wing produc-
tion by injuring the host plant. The checks produced winged aph-
ids about as consistently as did the injured limbs. Check colony E
appeared for a time to be an exception to this rule, and it was
thought that the tree on which they were living might be the
cause of this. Consequently some of the apterous aphids from
colony E were taken out and three new colonies started from
them. Colony J was placed on a branch near A and B on tree
No. 1, which had produced winged forms; colony K was placed
on a limb of the girdled tree No. 4 by the side of colony D which
had also produced winged forms; and colony L was moved to a
new limb of tree No. 5, near colony E, for a check and to counter-
act any effect of moving the aphids to other trees. As the results
show, winged aphids were produced not only in each of these
three colonies, but also a little later in the original colony E.

About two months after being girdled one of the trees was
turning very yellow from the effects. Therefore, two colonies of
aphids were placed in cages on limbs of this tree, and two other
colonies were placed on limbs of a healthy tree, as a check. All
four colonies were taken from the same colony containing both
winged and apterous forms. Here, also, during two months’
time, winged forms were found in the checks in about the same
ratio as in the colonies on the girdled tree. Therefore, the un-
healthy condition of a pine tree due to girdling or any change
which it may cause in the sap of the tree will not cause the aphids
on it to produce wings in increased numbers over those on
healthy trees.

Effect of Crowding on Wing Production. In many colonies
it was observed that no winged forms appeared until several
days after the colony was started, or until it had increased in
size and often covered the limb thickly. Consequently the ques-
tion arose as to whether or not the large number of aphids there
caused the production of wings, either directly, or indirectly, by
lessening the food supply. To investigate this point two colonies
were started on a girdled tree. The first one, colony M, was
placed on a limb of this tree on December 11 and allowed to

The P'lorida Entomologist

^row. A week later another small colony, (N), taken from the
same place as the others, was placed on another limb. Colony M
had a start on colony N and should be more numerous and show
any effects of crowding sooner than N. The results show no
difference. In fact colony M produced winged forms before N
was even started and while there were only a few aphids there,
and continued to produce them as long as the colony lived there.
Therefore crowding as a probable cause of wing production was
given up.

Effect on Myziis persicae of Injuring Cabbage Plants. This
experiment was tried in the greenhouse insectary and its object
was to see if unfavorable conditions of growth for a cabbage
plant will cause aphids of the species Myzus persicae growing
on it to produce wings and seek a new plant. Twelve potted cab-
bage plants were placed on the bench and covered with lantern
globes, and divided into three groups. The first four had a cord
tied lightly around the stem which would shut off the flow of sap
to some extent. The next four were given no water and allowed
to dry up. The third four were kept in a normal condition and
used as checks. Each of the plants had a number of aphids placed
on it and left for two weeks, the results being recorded each day
or two. As the table shows, winged forms were produced on all
of the plants without discrimination. In fact the total number
on the four plants of each group is about the same. The results,
therefore, do not argue in favor of the unhealthy condition of
plants causing wings.

Mature Aphids. Eight adult apterous Lachnus pini, which
had already produced some young, were placed on a cut stem
which had already become partially dried out. All died in less
than a week and produced no wings. It is hardly reasonable to
believe that an adult could develop wings.

Effect on Aphids of Adding Chemical Solutions to the
Food of the Host

Some experiments were next run to determine if changing
the sap of the host plant by adding chemical solutions to its food
would cause aphids on it to produce wings in order to seek a
new host. Some of these chemicals would undoubtedly be taken
up by the plant and consequently added to the dietary of the
aphids. First, some cabbage plants which were infested with
Myzus pey^sicae were watered with solutions of magnesium sul-
phate of varying strengths. Small pots were filled with clean

Autumn Number

white sand and some small cabbage plants, whose roots had been
washed clean of all earth, were placed in them. The object was
to remove all plant food, as far as possible, and give the plants
nothing but what was in the solutions added. The plants were
placed under lantern globes in the laboratory and divided into
four groups of two plants each. One lot was watered with a
1% solution, one with a 5% solution and one with a 10% solution
of magnesium sulphate, and the other with distilled water for a
check. The sand was kept moist by watering every day and the
results recorded daily. The 5% and 10% solutions were found
to be too strong and the plants soon died. Some winged forms
were found on all but two of the plants however.

The experiment was then repeated, this time using three per
cent solutions which would not affect the plants so quickly.
Eight cabbage plants were cleaned and potted as before and
divided into four groups. One group was watered with a 3%
solution of each of the following: magnesium sulphate, sodium
chloride, tannic acid, and one group with distilled water for a
check. In no case did the plants live more than a few days. They
soon began to turn yellow, probably from lack of food, and con-
sequently the aphids left them and started wandering around
and died. A& the table shows, wings were produced in some of
them, but without much consistency. Although the checks pro-
duced no winged forms, one plant in each of the other groups
showed none also. The experiment did not run over a long
enough period to be conclusive. There was not sufficient time
for the aphids to mature and show the effects of the chemicals.
Besides we cannot prove that the plants took up any of the
chemical solutions added, since the roots have the power of dis-
criminating between the available foods. Therefore some at-
tempts were made to rear them on cut stems in chemical solu-
tions.

Experiments ivith Cut Stems. Eight young orange tips were
cut from a tree and placed in small pots of clean white sand
which were covered with lantern globes and set in the green-
house on a shaded bench. On each of these cuttings were placed
a number of aphids of the species Aphis gossypii. Two of them
were watered with a 3% solution of each of the following chemi-
cals: magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride and citric acid; and
two were watered with distilled water for checks. The results
were recorded as long as the cuttings kept fresh and the aphids

The Florida Entomologist

lived on them. However after a few days the leaves wilted and
dropped and the aphids began to die. Some winged ones were
produced on all but one of the cuttings, but with no regularity.

A little later the experiment was repeated, this time with
Myzus persicae on orange cuttings. The cuttings were prepared
as described above. Three or four dozen aphids were placed on
each and watered with the same solutions as above and in the
same order. The results as recorded show that wings were found
in all but one, a cutting watered with sodium chloride solution.
This cutting did not last very long before the leaves turned brown
and dropped. In fact the cuttings watered with the chemical
solutions showed the effects sooner than the checks in all cases.
In this experiment the checks produced more winged specimens
than any of the others except those watered with magnesium
sulphate which produced about an equal number. Possibly this
can be explained by the fact that the cutting did not wilt so
quickly and hence more of the aphids had an opportunity to
mature. At, any rate, the wilting of the stems or the effect of
the chemicals cannot be said to produce wings.

Lachnus pini on Pine Cuttings. Four branches were cut from
a pine tree and placed in bottles one each containing a 3% solu-
tion of magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride and citric acid and
distilled water. On each of these branches were placed about
four dozen immature aphids of Lachnus pini which were allowed
to mature. The mouths of the bottles were plugged with cotton
and the whole bottle and stem covered over with a bell jar.
Results show that in all cases except the check a majority of the
aphids died while still immature and in the check also a large
number died before becoming adult. The greatest mortality was
noted on the stems kept in sodium chloride and citric acid. The
leaves soon began to dry up there and the aphids died. In all
cases however some winged ones were produced but most in the
check. Here also we can say this is due to the fact that more of
the aphids lived to become adult on the check.

Injections of Chemicals mto Plants. To make more sure of
getting the chemicals into the sap of the plant and thus adding
them to the food of the aphids, they were injected into the grow-
ing stems with a hypodermic needle. This method was used on
both cabbage plants and orange trees. Eight growing healthy
cabbage plants were potted and placed under lantern globes in
the open-air insectary. The same chemicals as used above were

Autumn Number

injected into the stems. In two each was injected magnesium
sulphate, sodium chloride and citric acid, in one distilled water
and in one nothing. On each of these plants were placed twelve
immature specimens of Myzus persicae about one week old. The
plants were watered and kept in a healthy condition, and the
aphids were allowed to mature there. The results show a few
winged ones for each of the solutions, but not conclusive in favor
of the chemicals. On one plant of each group all matured ap-
terous.

The same experiment was later tried by injecting some of
each of these chemicals into young orange tips and tying up in
each twelve immature Myzus persicae. Chemicals in same order
as above. Here, also some winged ones were produced in each
case, but most in the checks.

Trials ivith Rose Aphids. A species of green rose aphid,
probably Macrosiphiim davisi, had been watched for over a year
on rose bushes and no winged specimens were ever seen. There-
fore an attempt was made to produce wings on some of them:
Three cuttings of rose were made and placed in sand and wat-
ered: No. 1 with 1% magnesium sulphate. No. 2 with 5% mag-
nesium sulphate, and No. 3 with water. On each cutting was
placed several of the rose aphids. The rose cuttings however only
remained fresh for a few days, when they wilted and the leaves
fell. The aphids died and no wings were produced. The experi-
ment was repeated a little later, this time by changing the cut-
tings about every three days and transferring the aphids to the
fresh cuttings. In this way three generations were raised and
about thirty individuals in each. All were apterous. No winged
forms were produced not even in the second and third genera-
tions.

Effect of Chemicals on Plants. In all cases where cut stems
were placed in chemical solutions it was observed that the checks
in distilled water would last longer. A number of tests with cut-
tings used in solutions of varying strength of the above chemi-
cals showed this always to be the case. The chemical solutions
caused wilting the second day and dropping of the leaves in two
or three days. The checks stayed fresh for five days. In all
these cases the results were conclusive enough to show that the
chemical solutions do have a deleterious effect on the cut plants,
and plant physiologists agree on this point. Where the solution
is strong enough it will have an osmotic pressure, which will

The Florida Entomologist

draw the sap from the cutting and consequently cause it to turn
brown and wither. The fact that the checks always lasted longer,
and therefore the aphids lived longer, is sufficient cause for the
greater number of winged forms there. The experiment failed,
however, to show that the chemicals in the stems will cause the
aphids to produce wings, since the checks always produced as
large a number of winged forms.

(To be continued)

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When writing to advertisers mention The Florida Entomologist

/)/^

Florida

'Ghe

Entomologist

Official Organ of the Florida Entomological Society

VOL. VI

WINTER NUMBER

No. 3

DECEMBER, 1922

ON A COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTERA FROM
RABUN COUNTY, GEORGIA

i ■

J. R. Watson

A vacation of fifteen days spent in north-eastern Georgia dur-
ing the latter part of August and the first days of September,
1922, gave the writer an opportunity to compare the thrips fauna
of that region with that of Florida.

There are no records of any considerable collection of thrips
from this region. The nearest localities that have been inten-
sively studied are about Clarksville, Tenn., where Morgan has
collected, and about Washington, D. C., where Hood has done
much of his collecting.

Rabun County is in the north-eastern corner of Georgia. It
is high and mountainous, the elevations ranging from about 2000
feet to 3900. As to the vegetation: here we found most of our
boyhood friends (and enemies too — such as nettles and bur-
docks) of northern Ohio. But in the valleys one notes such
southern plants as bitterweed (Helenium tenuifolium) and sweet
gums and on the mountain sides the belated blossoms of the
sourwood (Oxydendron arbor eum) were conspicuous. On the
whole the vegetation is much like that of southern Ohio or
Kentucky.

The first observation to be made was the scarcity of thrips as
compared with Florida. They are by no means such an important
part of the fauna as with us. They do not force themselves upon
one^s attention. One must hunt for them, otherwise he would
scarcely discover their existence.

The most productive collecting was, as usual, in flowers. Even
such an unlikely blossom as the Indian pipe supplied us with one.

We recommend the goods advertised in The Florida ®Mo-
mologist. Please mention Entomologist whenT;^yu ^ite-w
advertisers.

^?ATUiiAL
HISTORY S3RYEJ
LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

The Florida Entomologist

But the Florida flower thrips (FranJdiniella bispinosa) was en-
tirely absent, its place being partly taken by its close relative F.
tritici. But this insect was by no means as common as ours. It
did not swarm in the blossoms, even of roses. Three or four per
blossom was the maximum. Still this was the most common
species. Numerous dissections of the heads of Compositae failed
to discover any Thrips abdominalis, so common in the heads of
composites in Florida.

Next after flowers these insects were most abundantly ob-
tained by sweeping grass and weeds. Our most common species
on grass, Haplothrips graminis, was entirely lacking. A new
species of Haplothrips was obtained from grass but the most
common species was Frankliniella fusca. This was much more
common than in Florida, where, it is known chiefly as a pest of
tobacco, and nearly as common as its relative F. tritici.

Beating and sweeping shrubs brought in very few specimens.
The most common was Leptothrips mali, the black hunter, a
predaceous species that was quite apt to be found on any plant
infested with plant lice. In vain were the young pines beaten for
our pine thrips Haplothrips pini.

In all twenty-three species were taken, four of which proved
to be new. Thrips quinciensis, Haplothrips gracilis, and Hop-
landrothrips flavoantennis have hitherto been taken only in
Florida. Thrips impar was described from Maryland and has
not hitherto been reported elsewhere. Frankliniella tenuicornis
has not heretofore been reported from America. Thus four spe-
cies have had their known range considerably extended.

It is thus seen that the Thysanoptera, like the plants, show a
mixture of southern and northern species.

A list of the species and their host plants follows:

THYSANOPTERA OF RABUN COUNTY, GEORGIA

Species Number Host Plants

taken

Aeolothrips bicolor Hinds 3.— Grass.

Sericothrips variabilis (Beach) 1.... Shrubs.

Chirothrips insolitus Hood 1.... Grass.

Malacothrips (?) 1.... Weeds.

Heliothrips fasciapennis Hinds 9. ...Grass (8), smartweed (Polygo-

num).

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche) 1.... Shrub.

Thrips quinciensis Morgan 2. ...in blossoms of Vernonia and

Polygala.

Winter Number

Thrips crenatus n. sp 3 ...Pine, Lespedeza, bitterweed.

Thrips impar Hood 6. ...Indian pipe, Lespedeza (4),

grass.

Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) 35....Grass (29), pine (2), Lespedeza

(4).

Frankliniella minuta (Moulton) (?).. l....Red Clover.

Frankliniella tenuicornis, Uzel 2. ...On grass (identified by R. C.

Treherne).

Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) 36... .A variety of blossoms.

Heterothrips auranticornis n. sp 16....Blossoms of Helenium.

Haplothrips rabuni n. sp 5.. ..Grass.

Haplothrips statices Holiday 4. ...Grass.

Haplothrips verbasci (Osb.) 14....Mullein.

Haplothrips angustipennis n. sp 2. ...Grass. , T

Haplothrips gracilis Watson 1

Leptothrips mali (Fitch) 16. ...On many shrubs and herbs.

Hoplandrothrips flavoantennes('TFats.^ 1....0ak.

Hoplandro thrips pergandei (Hinds).... l....Grass.

Idolothrips armatus Hood 1....0n wild cane (Arundinaria).

Thrips crenatus, n. sp.

Female. Length about 0.8 mm. (0.74 to 1 mm.). Color dark brown,
thorax lighter with a little orange hypodermal pigment. Without promi-
nent bristles except near the end of the abdomen.

Measurements: Head, length .075, width .105; Prothorax, length .113,

width .15; Mesothorax, width .207; Abdomen, width .214; Antennae, total
length .173 mm.

Antennal segment

1 1 1

1 2 1

3 1

1 4 1

5 1

1 6 1

Length

28 1

37 I

16 microns

Greatest width

18 1

16 I

7 microns

Head about a third wider than long and two thirds as long as prothorax
into which it is deeply retracted. Cheeks very slightly arched. Plainly
sculptured with transverse anastomozing lines, a row of minute bristles
behind each eye. Eyes dark, large, occupying about two-thirds the length
and .7 the width of the head; non pilose; facets large. Ocelli large, light
brown; widely separated, posterior situated opposite the posterior two-
thirds of the eyes; bordered by deep orange crescents. Antennae rather
short, from twice to two and a third times as long as the head. Segments
1 and 2 but little lighter than the head; 3-5 varying from yellowish brown
(lighter at the base) to dark brown concolorous with the others; 6 and 7
dark brown. 1 cylindrical, about as wide as long; 2 urn-shaped with a very
broad base, conspicuously wider than any of the others; 3 urn-shaped,
abruptly narrowed to a slender pedicel; 4 oval, 5 smaller, urn-shaped; 6
cylindrical; 7 conical. Sense cones and bristle all short, colorless, almost
invisible; a sense cone on the outer apical angle of segment 3 thick and
heavy.

Prothorax large, sides convex and diverging posteriorly, without sculp-
ture, a short, colorless bristle on each posterior angle.

The Florida Entomologist

Mesothorax sculptured in the middle of the dorsal surface, sides bulging.
Metathorax with nearly straight but diverging sides. Legs almost uni-
formly brown, but little lighter apically. Wings uniformly brown except for
a small colorless area about .2 the length from the base. Costal fringe of
hairs scanty, absent from basal half. »Veins rather prominent; costal
bearing from 23 to 26 bristles, the others from 5 to 7, scale 5.

Abdomen with a few short, brown bristles on segments 9 and 10. Dorsal
surface faintly sculptured. The posterior margin of each segment is bor-
dered with a series of about 20 rounded lobes. On the posterior segments
these are more difficult to detect.

Male not seen.

Described from three females taken in Rabun Co., Ga., on
Lespedeza, pine and bitterweed (Helenium). Readily recognized
by the dark color, short intermediate antennal segments and
crenated posterior borders of abdominal segments.

Type in the author’s collection. Paratype in the National
Museum.

Heterothrips auranticornis, n. sp.

Female. Color of the body a uniform deep brown, tip of fore femora, and
both ends of others, and of all tibiae, and most of the tarsi, brownish yel-
low. Antennal segments 3 and 4 yellow, conspicuously shaded with orange.

Measurements: Total length, females 1.2, male .8; head length, females

.112, males .107; width, females .15, males .133; Prothorax, length, females
.13, males .128, width, females .22, males .18; Mesothorax, width, females
.23, males .20; Abdomen, width, females .30, males .14; total, females .25,
males .22.

Antennal segments

1 1 1

2 1

3 1

1 5

^ 1

8 1

Length

■1 20

30 1

20 1

19 microns

Width

,.| 19

1 26 1

1 27

19 1

18 1

15 microns

Head about a third wider than long, widest behind the eyes. Cheeks
arched, roughened, and bearing a few short, stiff bristles. All the dorsal
surface behind the eyes striated with a half dozen anastomozing lines.
Frontal costa deeply emarginate. A row of four minute bristles behind
each eye and posterior ocellus. One in front of each posterior ocellus
and a minute one near the inner anterior angle of each eye, opposite the
anterior ocellus. Eyes dark, very large, occupying about .7 the length and
.8 the width of the head, non-protruding, pilose, facets very large. Posterior
ocelli very large, situated opposite posterior third of the eyes and touching
their margins. Anterior about half the diameter of the posterior and about
the size of the facets of the eyes; situated on the edge of the frontal emar-
gination and directed forward. Mouth cone reaching about half way across
the prosternum ; sides almost straight up to the prolonged but rounded apex.
Antennae 9-segmented, 2.2 as long as the head. Segment 1 short and thick,
concolorous with the head; 2 lighter; 3 and 4 yellow with considerable
orange pigment; 5 at least two-thirds yellow but dark brown at the extreme

Winter Number

base and apex; 6 brown but yellowish on basal half; 7-9 dark brown. 3
long wedge-shaped with a narrow base; 4 and 6-9 barrel-shaped; 5 oval;
4-6 with short broad pedicels; margins, especially of 3 and 4, conspicuously
crenate. Hairs and sense cones very pale, short and inconspicuous. A distal
ring of sensoria on segments 3 and 4.

Prothorax but little longer than the head and 1.7 as wide as long; widest
posteriorly. Anterior margin and sides nearly straight; posterior margin
much arched. Dorsal surface striated posteriorly. A short, thick spine on
each anterior angle and two on each posterior; a row of eight minute ones
along the anterior margin and about a score of others, scattered over the
dorsum. Legs rather slender. Fore femora but little thickened. Mem-
branes of fore wings dark brown except two minute areas near the base;
.075 mm. wide at the base (exclusive of scale) ; rather abruptly narrowed
at about a third of their length to half the sub-basal width; length ten
times that of the sub-basal width. Costal vein with about 31, anterior with
24 and posterior vein with 20 bristles.

Abdomen not pubescent but provided with a number of short bristles, a
row along the posterior margin of each segment being especially promi-
nent.

Males similar to the females but smaller. Fore femora considerably en-
larged.

Described from fourteen females and two males taken from
the heads of a composite (Helenium) in Rabun County, Ga. Type
in the author’s collection. Paratypes in the National Museum and
in that of the University of Florida.

Haplothrips rabuni, n. sp. ,

Female. Length about 1.5 mm. Color dark brown to black with some
reddish hypodermal pigment; antennal segment 3 and usually (but not
always) fore tarsi and apical inner portion of fore tibiae yellowish brown.

Measurements: Head, length .20, width .166; Prothorax, length .122,

width .241; Pterothorax, width .277; Abdomen, width .273; Tube length
.108; width at base .054, at apex .031 mm. Antennae, total length .27 mm.

Segment

1 1

2 !

3 1

4 1

1 5 1

6 1

7 1

Length

26 microns

Width

14 microns

Head longer than wide, broadest at the middle, cheeks gently arched,
slightly convergent posteriorly; vertex rounded, slightly produced. Post-
ocular bristles fairly long but, like all the other bristles of head and
thorax, almost or quite colorless and difficult to detect. Eyes medium sized,
occupying slightly more than a third of the length of the head, not pro-
truding, not pilose. Ocelli large, yellowish, the anterior on the extreme
vertex of the head and directed forward, the posterior pair opposite the
anterior third of the eyes. Antennae about a third longer than the head.
Segment 1 (and sometimes 2) concolorous with the head; 3 yellowish brown;
4 and 5 light brown without yellowish bases; 6-8 darker brown; 1 short-

The Florida Entomologist

cylindrical; 2 urn-shaped; 3-6 oblong elliptical, 3 quite markedly pedicellate,
4-6 with broader, shorter pedicels; 7 barrel-shaped, truncate at the apex
and broadly united with 8; 8 sub-conical. Sense cones and bristles short,
colorless and inconspicuous. Mouth cone blunt, reaching past the middle of
the prosternum.

Prothorax small, about .6 the length of the head and, including coxae,
twice as wide as long. Coxa bears a short but thick and brown bristle, the
only conspicuous one on the anterior portion of the body, others colorless,
mostly blunt at apex; a pair on each posterior angle of medium length.

Pterothorax considerably wider than prothorax. Sides slightly converging
posteriorly. Wings rather short, membrane reaching but little past the
middle of the abdomen; colorless except for a decidedly brown area at the
base of the primaries; primaries markedly narrowed in the middle, fringe
rather sparse, of medium length, with 6 or 7 interlocated hairs. Legs
rather slender, except fore tarsi and tibiae, concolorous with the body; fore
femora but slightly enlarged; fore tarsus with a small, short, acute tooth.

Abdomen rather long and slender, bristles rather short, light brown to
colorless and pointed. Tube rather short, terminal bristles but little longer
than the tube.

Male not seen.

Described from four females taken from grass and sedges
along a small stream at Clayton, Rabun County, Ga. Type in
the author’s collection. Paratypes in the National Museum and
in that of the University of Florida.

Close to H. graminis Hood, but differs in the shorter and
darker antennae, darker color, smaller prothorax, larger ptero-
thorax, longer, more slender abdomen, longer intermediate an-
tennal segments and colorless bristles.

Haplothrips angustipennis, n. sp.

Female. Body length about 1.3 mm. (from 1.14 to 1.46). Color almost
uniformly dark mahogany brown, fore tibiae and tarsi and intermediate
antennal segments yellowish brown.

Measurements: Head, length .185, width .151 ;• Prothorax, length .12,

width .25; Mesothorax, width .25; Abdomen, width .227; Tube, length .106;
width at base .061, at apex .031. Antennae, total length .29 mm.

Segment

1 1

1 2 1

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7 1

1 8

Length

1 37

50.5

38.5

26 microns

Width

1 24

16 microns

Head about a third longer than broad. Cheeks slightly arched, converging
slightly posteriorly, somewhat roughened and bearing a few short bristles.
Postocular bristles conspicuous, pointed, nearly as long as eyes. Eyes
large, occupying nearly half the length of the head, not pilose, facets
large. Ocelli large, larger than facets of the eyes, brownish yellow, posterior
pair situated opposite the anterior .4 of eyes and contiguous with their

Winter Number

margins; anterior directed forward. Mouth cone reaching about half way
across the prothorax, abruptly constricted near the base but very broadly
rounded at the apex. Antennae 8-segmented. Segment 1 cylindrical, con-
colorous with the head; 2 urn-shaped, abruptly constricted to a very broad
pedicel, concolorous with the head except the yellowish brown apex; 3
obovate, narrower than either 2 or 4, gradually narrowed to a broad base,
yellowish brown, darker along the sides and with a broad, colorless band
at the apex, usual sense cones present but colorless and inconspicuous; 4
ovate with a short, broad pedicel, basal third concolorous with 3, but re-
mainder darker, the colorless collar at the apex narrow; 5 and 6 barrel-
shaped, pedicel shorter and narrower than in 4, dark brown; 7 cylindrical,
sides but slightly arched and converging slightly apically; 8 unusually
large, margin conspicuously crenate. All antennal bristles thin, pale brown
and inconspicuous.

Prothorax (including coxae) about twice as wide as long, trapezoidal in
outline, much widened posteriorly, posterior margin arched, posterior angles
abruptly rounded and bearing a pair of sharp-pointed, light colored bristles
of medium length; coxae each bearing one short, dark, thick bristle and a
pair of very short, thofn-like spines; anterior angle with a short heavy
bristle.

Mesothorax broad, with very acute anterior angles and nearly straight
sides which <!onverge slightly posteriorly. Mesothorax somewhat narrower,
sides more arched and more constricted posteriorly. Wings rather weak,
membrane scarcely reaching the eighth abdominal segment, quite narrow
except at the extreme base, unusually deeply constricted for a Haplothrips,
to a diameter about half that nearer the apex. Fringing hairs moderately
long, seven interlocated ones. Legs rather slender, dark, fore femora but
little thickened; fore tarsus with a small tooth.

Abdomen long and slender, destitute of conspicuous bristles, those of the
ninth segment shorter than the tube. Tube of moderate size, sides slightly
concave, terminal bristles about as long as the tube.

Male not seen.

Described from two females taken from coarse marsh grasses
at Clayton. Type and paratype in the author’s collection.

Hoplandrothrips flavoantennis (Wats.)

The female only was originally described. (Liothrips flavo-
antennis, Ent. News, March 1916, p. 129.) A male was collected
in Georgia.

Male. Color uniformly dark brown except antennal segments 3-8, which
are bright yellow. (In some females also segment 8 is yellow, also segment
2 may be brown.)

Measurements: Total length 1.7 mm.; head, length .235 mm., width

.18 mm.; prothorax, length .13 mm., width including coxae .29 mm.; meso-
( Continued on page 47)

^he

FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST

Official Organ of The Florida Entomological Society, Gainesville,

Florida.

J. R. Watson Editor

WiLMON Newell Associate Editor

A. H. Beyer Business Manager

Issued once every three months. Free to all members of the
Society.

Subscription price to non-members is $1.00 per year in ad-
vance; 35 cents per copy.

THE ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI

October was an unusually rainy month in Florida. According
to the Weather Bureau the average for the state was 8.28 inches
above normal, and only one station in peninsular Florida (New
Smyrna) reported a deficiency. There was not a single day
without rain at some station. Due undoubtedly to this metero-
logical condition the entomogenous fungi have been unusually
efficient this fall thruout the citrus belt. A careful count of some
hundreds of citrus leaves at Gainesville showed that the fungi
had killed 97.2% of the fall brood of whitefly — a percentage of
kill seldom equalled in commercial spraying. In the order of
their efficiency the fungi ranked as follows: the brown fungus,
the red aschersonia, Microcera, the cinnamon fungus.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Bulletin 165 of the Experiment Station and the October num-
ber of the Quarterly Bulletin of the State Plant Board are of
unusual interest and importance to Florida and other cotton-
growing states. In this bulletin Mr. Geo. D. Smith presents ‘‘A
Preliminary Report Upon an Improved Method of Controlling
the Boll Weevil”. “The gist of the method may be summarized
in two sentences, as follows :

1. Remove all squares from the cotton plants about June 5
and destroy them.

2. Follow this at once with a thoro application of calcium
arsenate or lead arsenate, using a suitable dusting machine.”

Winter Number

These measures reduce the weevils to such small numbers
that the cotton is enabled to set a good crop of bolls before the
weevils again become abundant. Where this method of control
has been tried the past year practically as much cotton has been
harvested as would have been gathered were no weevils present.

The principle underlying this method of control is that to-
wards which the best practice in economic entomology is stead-
ily tending, viz., a very thoro cleanup of the insect and hence
less need of frequent repetition, as near an approach to eradi-
cation as is practicable rather than temporary palliatives. This
method of dealing with the boll weevil parallels quite closely the
latest recommendations for the control of the curculio in peaches
and plums, i. e., to pick up and destroy the drops with their
contained larvae as well as poisoning the adults.

Farmers’ Bulletin 950, by Philip Luginbill, treats of the South-
ern Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica 12-punctata) . Altho a common
insect in Florida, this beetle is with us not a serious pest of corn.
In the extreme northern part of the state it takes a small per-
centage of the young corn. The author recommends planting in
late April to escape damage from this insect. This beetle is
very common in oat fields about Gainesville from January to
March.

Dr. H. S. Davis, until a year ago head of the department of
zoology in the University, is the author of “A New Bacterial
Disease of Fresh Water Fishes” — Document 924, U. S. Bureau
of Fisheries.

Carl B. James, Horticulturist for the L. and N. Ry., has re-
cently published a very attractive and valuable bulletin on the
satsuma orange.

THE SCOLDING BUTTERFLY

Dear Friends of the Entom.ological Society:

When a person arrives in a new country, the first things that
attract his attention are the objects and customs to which he
is not accustomed in his own country. So it was with me when I

The Florida Entomologist

arrived in Brazil. I saw hundreds of interesting and important
things that the average Brazilian, who has lived among them
always, “never saw’’. Brazil, as you know, is noted for its mag-
nificent butterflies and gigantic insects of various orders. Some
of the unusual insects are credited with being extremely ven-
omous. I was told of one insect so venomous that if it lights
on the trunk of a tree, the tree dies from the effects. Entomolo-
gists, being extremely innocent, capture these insects with im-
punity. The thing I want to tell you about today is the Scolding
Butterfly, Ageronia feronia, L.

My friends in Florida will naturally think that I have gone
“louco” with the heat. But remember that in Brazil we are now
in mid winter, and some mornings the weather is dreadfully
cold (?). At least my Brazilian friends say that it is. And the
Centigrade thermometer says that the temperature is some seven
or eight degrees above zero. Now what I was going to tell you
about is the butterfly that has a voice. I am sending you a pho-
tograph that represents her sitting on, a palm tree. I know that
it is a female which does the talking because the voice is high
keyed and staccato. A male never could get up so much energy.

The scolding is done probably with organs similar to those
used by crickets or katydids. The sound is not quite as strong
as that of the big katydids nor of the big black cricket. Organs
similar to those possessed by these insects are located near the
base of the wings. They make this snapping noise only when on
the wing. Sometimes they scold their mate and sometimes they
scold the entomologist who is passing by.

Another peculiarity of this species is that it looks very much
like the lichens that inhabit tree trunks. The photograph I en-
close you brings out this peculiarity very strikingly.

Now if there is any entomologist present who doubts the
correctness of these observations, let him look up Holland and
also Sharp, who likewise became affected with the Brazilian
heat.

Very truly yours,

(Signed) P. H. Rolfs.

Vicosa, E. F. Leopoldina,

Minas Geraes, Brazil.

July 27, 1922.

Winter Number

HYMENORUS OBSCURUS AS A PEST OF CITRUS
(COL. CISTELIDAE)

J. R. Watson

Occasionally one sees on the bark of citrus and other trees a
dense colony composed of hundreds of little black beetles. The
beetles are oval in shape, less than a quarter of an inch long
and covered with grayish-brown hairs. In the late afternoon the
beetles leave their resting place and go in search of food which
consists mostly of lichens and other growths on the bark of the
trees. But it seems that they may occasionally become pests.
In July Mr. S. B. Jones of Orchid, Fla., sent in to the Experi-
ment Station a number of these beetles with the statement that
they had been feeding extensively on “June bloom’' and other
tender growth of his trees. In confinement they feed greedily
on tender citrus foliage.

The writer has also recently caught these beetles eating out
freshly inserted buds in a nursery. It would seem that this beetle
must be included among the minor pests of a citrus tree.

This beetle should not be confused with the downy darkling
beetle (Epitragus tomentosus) , which it considerably resembles
in shape and color. The latter is larger, never collects in colo-
nies, and is one of the most beneficial insects in a citrus grove.
Its food habits are very similar to those of lady beetles and in
many groves it is much more abundant than even the twice-
stabbed lady-beetle.

A NEW CITRUS INSECT

A caterpillar recently found feeding on the leaves of a young
grapefruit tree at Orlando, Florida, proved on rearing to ma-
turity to be Prodenia latifascia Walker.

Altho this insect probably is of no economic iniportance as a
pest, its presence seems to be a new record for citrus insects.
Hence this note may be of interest.

The identification was made by Mr. Wm. Schaus of the Na-
tional Museum, who says that P. latifascia Walker is essentially
a tropical insect found from Mexico to Argentina, including
Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, St. Lucia. The only previous records of
its breeding in the United States is one each from onions and
alfalfa in Texas. Nothing is known of its host plants in other
countries.

The Florida Entomologist

The insect belongs .to the cut worm family and resembles
somewhat, both in larval and adult form, some of our common
pests, as the sweet potato caterpillar, P. commelinae, and the cot-
ton boll cut worm, P. ornithogalli. When full grown the larva
was about 2 inches long and of a brownish gray velvety color
with a wide dark band down the dorsal surface and 3 narrow
golden brown stripes along each side; ventral surface greenish
brown.

It pupated July 31st in soil and the moth emerged August
17, 1922.

Arthur C. Mason.

THE PSOCID OF THE OAKS

Frank Stirling

Thruout the south-eastern United States, especially in Flor-
ida, the water oaks frequently take on a bright silvery-grey col-
oring which shows particularly on the larger limbs and trunks.
Close observation shows this to be caused by a silky web which
completely covers the surface. This web is of a bright, clear
color and glistens in the sun and on bright moonlight nights,
making an effect well worth noticing.

By removing a part of the web with a pen knife or sharp
stick one may, by carefully observing, note countless numbers
of a tiny insect. This little insect is known as a psocid (Psocus
sp.) and is related to the book-lice. These psocids are useful
rather than injurious, as they feed on fungus growths and
lichens which grow on the trunks and larger limbs of the oaks.
They apparently spin this fine, gauzy web for their protection
against birds and other enemies which would otherwise destroy
them.

This insect is reported as occurring in especial abundance on
water oaks in the vicinity of Lakeland, Orlando, Sorrento, Dade
City and Gainesville, Fla., along the Gulf Coast in the vicinity
of New Orleans, La., and near Mobile, Ala. To those not in-
formed the appearance of this grey, silvery covering is often
viewed with alarm.

The webs, together with the insects, will disappear after a
short time and the only effect upon the tree will be a cleaner
and healthier appearance of the bark.

Winter Number

A NEW THRIPS FROM CITRUS IN ALABAMA

J. R. Watson

Haplothrips harnedi, n. sp.

Female. Dark brown, 3rd antennal segment and distal half of tibiae
yellowish brown.

Measurements : .Total length 1.36; head, length .18, width .13; prothorax,
length .15, width .24; mesothorax, width .22; abdomen, width .27; tube,
length .108, width at base .057, apex .033.

Antennal segment

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5 1 6

1 7 1

Length

1 48

1 40 1 38

1 39 1

27 microns

Width

25 i

1 26

123.51 21

1 17.5 1

11 microns

Head a third longer than wide; dorsal surface with a few faint cross
striations; cheeks slightly convex, converging a little posteriorly. Post-
ocular bristles nearly as long as the eyes, with dilated, colorless tips. Eyes
medium sized, not protruding, not pilose, black, triangular in outline.
Ocelli medium sized, widely separated, anterior situated far forward, post-
erior pair opposite the anterior .4 of eyes and near their margins, bordered
by dark- crescents. Mouth cone broadly rounded, reaching scarcely to the
middle of the prothorax. Antennae 1.6 times as long as head; segments
1, 6, 7, and 8, concolorous with the head, 2 and 5 a little lighter, 4 consid-
erably lighter, 3 brownish yellow to yellowish brown with colorless apex;
sense cones colorless and inconspicuous, spines small, light brown.

Length of prothorax a little greater than width of head, width (including
coxae) 1.6 times the length. Prominent spines near the anterior angles,
on coxae, and near the posterior angles; all with dilated tips.

Pterothorax distinctly narrower than the prothorax, sides straight, con-
verging posteriorly. Legs rather short, femora lighter than the body; fore
pair slightly enlarged. Wings rather weak but membrane reaching the
fifth segment. Fringing hairs sparse, about three interlocated ones on
primaries.

Abdomen variable in shape. In some individuals excessively long and
slender, in others but little more than twice as long as wide. Bristles few;
some of those on the last segment have dilated tips but the longest have
acute tips. Tube rather small, sides rather abruptly dilated at the base;
terminal bristles short.

Male. not seen.

Described from nine females collected on citrus trees in south-
ern Mississippi and sent to the author by Prof. R. W. Harned.
Type in the author's collection. Paratype in the National
Museum.

Close to H. funki Watson, but differing in the darker color
of the tibiae, tarsi, and third antennal segment, smaller size,
relative lengths of antennal segments and especially the narrow
pterothorax.

The Florida Entomologist

PERSONALS

Dr. Carl J. Drake is now state entomologist of Iowa.

Dr. Wilmon Newell has been called north by the death of his
father.

Mr. W. L. Goethe is teaching science in the Live Oak High
School.

The potato growers of the Hastings district sent Dr. C. D.
Sherbakoff to Maine to select seed for them.

Mr. C. M. Berry spent part of the summer in New York State
inspecting sources of seed used by the Sanford growers.

Dr. W. S. Blatchley left Indianapolis on November 14 for Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. He expects to return to Dunedin the last of
March.

Mr. A. H. Beyer, assistant entomologist of the Experiment
Station, plans to spend several weeks at Harvard studying en-
tomogenous fungi.

According to Science Mr. John Belling, former plant breeder
in the Experiment Station and now of the Eugenics Laboratory
at Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., received the doctorate from the
University of Maine in June.

Dr. H. S. Dozier, former assistant in the Experiment Station,
is in charge of the camphor scale investigations of the U. S.
Bureau of Entomology and is stationed in New Orleans. He
received the doctorate from Ohio State in June.

REPORT OF MEETINGS OF THE FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGI-
CAL SOCIETY

September 25. The Society met in Language Hall at 4:30
o’clock. President Stirling in the chair. Those present were:
Beyer, Chaffin, Goodwin, Merrill, Montgomery, Rogers and Wat-
son. New members elected were : Miss Georgia Berger, teacher
of Biology in Tampa High School; Miss Bernice Dew and Ru-
dolph Baldwin, teacher and student in Alachua High School ; and
Mr. S. E. Neal, of the firm of Neal & Neal of Jacksonville.

Winter Number

The question of continuing the joint meetings with the Horti-
cultural Seminar was discussed and referred to the Executive
Committee.

Under “Brief and Timely Notes” Prof. Watson spoke of ob-
servations on the Mexican Bean Beetle in Rabun County, Geor-
gia, and the capture of the greenhouse thrips out of doors. Mr.
Goodwin reported the discovery of European Foul brood in
Seminole County.

The address of the evening was given by Dr. J. S. Rogers, on
the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan. This is
a research museum rather than an exhibition museum. Dr.
Rogers spoke of the progress made in surveys of the different
groups, particularly insects. The talk was very interesting and
showed that Dr. Rogers is doing a great part in the carrying
out of their plans by working up the family Tipulidae (crane
flies) of the order Diptera.

November 1. ' The Society met in joint meeting with the
Horticultural Seminar, Major Floyd in the chair.

Members present: Montgomery, O’Byrne, Chaffin, Beyer,
Lord, Watson, Berger, Stirling, Merrill, and Stone. Mr. E. R.
Mezgler of Hightown, N. J., was elected to membership.

The paper of the evening was by Professor Floyd on “A Pro-
posed Score Card for Judging Citrus Lands”. It was freely dis-
cussed by members present.

A. H. Beyer, Secretary.

ON A COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTERA FROM RABUN
COUNTY, GEORGIA

(Continued from page 39)

thorax, width .29 mm.; abdomen, greatest width .29 mm.; tube, length .16
mm., width at base .064 mm., at apex .034 mm. Antennae, total length .44
mm.; segment 1, 27; 2, 50; 3, 77; 4, 77; 5, 69; 6, 67; 7, 55; 8, 29 microns.

Head about 1.5 times longer than wide. Eyes large, occupying nearly
a third the length of the head and fully a third of the width, slightly pro-
truding, non-pilose, red by reflected light. Ocelli large, yellowish, situated
far forward. The anterior on the large frontal lobe between the bases of
the antennae and directed for\Vard. ’ The» anterior margins of 'the posterior
pair about opposite the anterior margins of the eyes. Mouth cone long,
tapering, almost reaching the 'mesosternum. 'Antennae long and slender.

The Florida Entomologist

nearly twice as long as the head. Segment 1 and base of 2 concolorous
with the head, apex of 2 lighter brown; remaining segments clear bright
yellow. Abdomen long and slender, tapering gradually to the 8th segment
and then more abruptly; bristles on the posterior angles of the segments
progressively longer, those on the 9th nearly as long as the tube. Tube long
and slender. Otherwise identical with the female.

Described from a single male taken from oak at Clayton.

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WTien writing to advertisers mention The Florida Entomologist

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

3 0112 001915005

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