ISSN: 0098-4590
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Scientist
Volume 42 Supplement 1
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Program Issue
THE FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ACADEMY
in conjunction with Pg
THE FLORIDA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
and the
FLORIDA SECTION OF THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS
featuring
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OFFSHORE DRILLING
ON THE FLORIDA SHELF
ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORIDA: TODAY AND DOWN THE ROAD
Florida International University
Miami, Florida March 22-24, 1979
1979
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
PROGRAM ISSUE PRICE $2.00
FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Inc.
810 East Rollins Street
Orlando. Florida, 32606
An Affiliate of AAAS
Officers for 1978-1979
President Harris B. Stewart, Jr., NOAA
President-Elect Joseph L. Simon, University of South Florida
Secretary H. Edwin Steiner, Jr., University of South Florida
Treasurer Anthony F. Walsh, Orlando Regional Medical Center,
Orange Hospital Division
Program Chairman Margaret L. Gilbert, Florida Southern College
Executive Secretary Harvey A. Miller, University of Central Florida
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Information i
Florida International University
Registration Information
Lodging
Food Service
Chronological Program of Events ii
General Session and Academy Social Hour iii
Section Programs and Abstracts of Papers i!
Agricultural Sciences 28533
Anthropological Sciences 1
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences 11
Biological Sciences 21
Engineering 34
Environmental Schemistry 38
Geology and Hydrology 41
Medical Sciences 46
Physical Sciences 47
Science Teaching 51
Social Sciences 52
Urban and Regional Planning 55
Junior Academy Program iv
Session of the American Association of Physics Teachers-—Florida Section 50
Maps Covers
North Miami Area C4
Florida International University Campus Cc 3
Local Arrangements Committee
Chairman John Sheldon
Hospitality Peren C. Marreana
Registration Sheila Weber
Physical Plant Collins Thurman
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Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) i 1979
FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
at
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MIAMI, FLORIDA
22,23,24 March, 1979
All registrants for the Senior and Junior Academy meetings and the meeting of
the American Association of Physics Teachers-Florida Section are welcome to
attend all sessions of all organizations.
Florida International University
The University is located west of downtown Miami at the intersection
of Tamiami Trail (U.S. 41) and SW 107 Avenue. The University can be
approached from the north by taking the Florida Turnpike south toward
Homestead (toll is collected to Homestead even if you get off early),
getting off at the Tamiami Trail (where additional exit toll is
collected) exit and going east. Access from the west is from U.S. Al.
Registration
Registration will be in the Anthenium 100 lobby 7:00-9:00 pm Thursday,
and in Owa Ehan 200 from 8:00 to 4:00, Friday.
Registration fee is $5.00 for members and $7.00 for non-members, with
the program. This fee is waived for students.
Lodging
PLEASE MAKE YOUR RESERVATIONS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BY CONTACTING THE
MOTEL OF YOUR CHOICE. A deposit of one night's rent or credit card
number will probably be requested. The meeting comes at a time when
the tourist business in Miami is very heavy and early reservations are
thus highly recommended. No rooms are reserved (after 1 January),
and rates given below are tentative quotes for persons identified with
the Florida Academy of Sciences.
Quality Inn South (305) 251-2000
14501 South Dixie Highway (U.S. 1) Single $29 Double $35
Miami, Florida 33176
Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge (305) 665-7501
1430 South Dixie Highway (U.S. 1) Single $28 Double $30
Coral Gables, Florida 33416
Runway Inn (305) 888-6411
656 East Drive Single $14 Double $18
Miami Springs, Florida 33166
Food Service
The cafeteria in University House will be open for breakfast on
Friday and Saturday, and for lunch on Friday. The meeting is being
held between University sessions, and most facilities will be closed.
Field Trip
The local committee is planning a field trip to Taylor Slough by
private car on Saturday. Details will be available at the
Registration desk.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) Lae 1979
Thursday
1:30 -
2:
3:00
6
ll:
ales
pm
Ww
pm
:10
:00
30
30
23
PROGRAM OF EVENTS
22 March 1979
Anthropology Section: OE 135
NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ABORIGINAL FLORIDA
Registration: Junior Academy Ramada Inn
Council Meeting PC 521
Junior Academy: Junior Literary Papers DM 100
Junior Academy: Senior Literary Papers DM 150
Registration: Senior Academy Anthenium Lobby
GENERAL SESSION: Academy Lecture Anthenium
Wine and Cheese Social Anthenium Walkway
23 March 1979
Registration: Senior Academy OE 200
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: PC 212
AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS
Anthropology Section: NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY OE 135
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: PC 211
THE AIRCRAFT AS A RESEARCH PLATFORM
Biological Section: FISH BIOLOGY PC 213
Biological Section: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR: I PC 214
Engineering Section PC 244
Environmental Chemistry OE 101
Geology and Hydrology Section: HYDROLOGY PC 246
Medical Sciences Section OE 102
Geology and Hydrology Section: HYDROLOGY PC 246
Physical Sciences Section PC 247
Science Teaching Section PC 249
Social Sciences OE 105
Junior Academy: Junior Experimental Papers DM 100
Junior Academy: Senior Experimental Papers (Biological) DM 150
Junior Academy: Senior Experimental Papers (Physical) DM 110
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: PC 212
NUMERICAL AND THEORETICAL MODELING IN TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: PROJECT STORMFURY PC 211
Agricultural Section Business Meeting PC 214
Biological Section Business Meeting PC 213
Science Teaching Section Business Meeting PC 249
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section Business Meeting Pc 211
Geology and Hydrology Section Business Meeting PC 246
Social Sciences Section Business Meeting OE 105
Engineering Section Business Meeting PC 244
Anthropological Section Business Meeting OE 135
March 1979
ACADEMY ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING Anthenium 100
Anthropology Section: OE 135
ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORIDA COMMUNITY COLLEGES TODAY
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: pC 2u%
HURRICANE WARNING, FORECASTING, AND PREPAREDNESS
Geology and Hydrology Section: GEOLOGY PC 246
Physical Sciences Section PC 247
Urban and Regional Planning Section OE 105
Florida
2:30 - 4:15
- 4:15
3:30
3:45 - 4:45
6:30
Saturday am
8:30
9:00
10:30 - 12:00
11:45
Scientist 42 (Suppl.) sal 1979
Biological Section: MARINE ECOLOGY PC 213
Biological Section: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR: IT. PG 214
Urban and Regional Planning Section Business Meeting OE 105
Anthropological Section: OE 135
PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY, PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, PRIMATE BEHAVIOR
Junior Academy Banquet Ramada Inn
24 March 1979
Agricultural Section PEeZt3
Biological Section: PLANT BIOLOGY PC 213
Junior Academy General Meeting Anthenium 100
American Association of Physics Teachers-Florida Section PC 247
Anthropological Section: OE 135
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY INTERNSHIPS AT THE MASTERS' LEVEL
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: Pe 201
CUMULUS RESEARCH IN FLORIDA
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Section: GENERAL OCEANOGRAPHY BG 212
Biological Section: LIMNOLOGY AND WETLANDS ECOLOGY PC 214
Biological Section: TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY PG 213
Agricultural Section PEe213
GENERAL SESSION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science
The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on the Florida Shelf.
ACADEMY SOCIAL HOUR
Plan to attend the wine and cheese social in the Athenium
Walkway immediately after the Academy Lecture.
Abbreviations of building names are used as follows: OE = Owa Ehan
PC
Primera Casa
DM
Deuxieme Maison
22 March, Thursday, 9:00 pm
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) iv 1979
THE FLORIDA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
FORTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION
Florida International University
Miami, Florida
March 22-24, 1979
State Director Carl Wilkinson, Stone Middle School, Melbourne
Assistant Director Jon Hall, Eau Gallie High School, Eau Gallie
Assistant Director Bill Lavinghouse, Melbourne High School, Melbourne
Director-Elect Dorothy Henley, Cardinal Gibbons High School, Ft. Lauderdale
Thursday, 2:00-5:00 pm Registration Ramada Inn, 3941 NW 22nd St., Miami
6:00-9:00 pm Junior Literary Papers Deuxieme Maison 100
Senior Literary Papers Deuxieme Maison 150
Friday, 9:00-12:00 Junior Experimental Papers Deuxieme Maison 100
Senior Experimental Papers Deuxieme Maison 150
(Biological)
Senior Experimental Papers Deuxieme Maison 110
(Physical)
6:30 pm BANQUET, Ramada Inn
Saturday, 9:00 am General Meeting Anthenium 100
ALL MEMBERS OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ARE WELCOME TO ATTEND SESSIONS
OF THE JUNIOR ACADEMY AND TO ATTEND THE BANQUET. Banquet tickets must be
purchased in advance.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl. ) L 1979
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTION
Thursday 1:30 pm Owa Ehan 135
MICHAEL J. HANSINGER, Chairman, Anthropological Sciences Section, presiding
1:30 pm ANS-1 The 1979 Theme. MICHAEL J. HANSINGER, Florida-Based Field
Associate, Yale University, Peabody Museum, Box 351, Ft. Myers, FL 33902.
1:45 pm ANS-2 Seminar: NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ABORIGINAL FLORIDA
Organizer: WILLIAM J. KENNEDY, Dept. of Anthropology, Florida Atlantic University,
Boca Raton, FL 32345.
1:45 pm ANS-3 Settlement Patterns of Prehistoric Sites on Sanibel-Captiva
Island, Lee County, Fl. WILLIAM J. KENNEDY, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida.
Summary of data and recent archaeological field work on Sanibel Island.
The focus will be on settlement patterns and site distribution both
temporally and spatially in relationship to a varied island ecosystem.
2:00 pm ANS-4 Archaeology of Bishop Harbor/Terra Ceia Island, Manatee County,
Florida. BRAD W. BURGER, New College of the University of South Florida,
Environmental Studies Program, 5700 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 33580. A survey
was made of a section of coastal Manatee County comprised of Bishop Harbor, Terra
Ceia Island, and Rattlesnake Key. Previous experience, interviews, and black &
white and infrared aerial photographs were used to locate areas of archaeological
potential. The areas were verified by field inspection and surface collections
were taken when applicable. Test excavations were made at six of the twenty-two
sites located. Survey and test results indicate an intense Safety Harbor
occupation, quite probably by the Tocobaga. The variety of sites represented
and generally excellent state of their preservation indicates a potential for
settlement and subsistence studies in the future.
2:15 pm ANS-5 Radiocarbon Dating, Coastal Archeology and Charcoal-A Potential
Problem. D.S. INTRONE, J.J. STIPP, Radiocarbon Dating Lab, Dept. of Geology, Univ.
of Miami, Miami, FL 33124 and CHARLES A. HARRY, The Archeological Society on the
Museum of Science, 3280 S. Miami Av., Miami, FL 33129. Archeological excavations
at the Key Largo Site, Key Largo, FL produced an excellent, apparently undisturbed,
sequence of clearly identifiable pottery types from Ft. Drum to Historic Period.
Charcoal carefully collected from each level was chemically pretreated to remove
common natural carbon contaminants, and then radiocarbon dated. The results were
unexpectedly disordered, with inversions and impossibly old ages. Sample and site
reevaluation has revealed the presence of a hard-tar substance absorbed into the
charcoal and associated as small pieces through the mound, necessitating the devel-
opment of new chemical cleaning techniques. Sources for the contaminant are under
investigation and will be discussed in relation to the environmental and/or cul-
tural significance.
2:30 pm Discussion.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 2 1979
2:45 pm ANS-6 Ceramic Chronology of the SW Calusa Subarea in the Gladese
Archeological Kegion. CHARLES A. HARRY, GARY AUDY, The Archeological Society of
the Museum of Science, 3280 S. Miami Ave., Miami, FL 33129, J.J. STIPP AND D.S.
INTRONE, Dept. of Geology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124. The new
pottery type, Turner River linear Punctate, along with unusually excellent ceramic
seriation has been excavated from a clear stratigraphic sequence associated with
charcoal and marine shell at the Turner River Site in SW Florida. This discovery
provides a unique opportunity for dating the Fort Drum pottery type and the little
known Goodland Ceramic Culture. Radiocarbon dates of 100 to 400 AD and 300 to
700 AD respectively were measured. These Periods have been successfully corre-
lated with new radiocarbon dates from the Key Largo Site.
3:00 pm BREAK
3:15 pm ANS-7 Crewleader Alternatives to Coercive Power. MARY-MARGARET TAYLOR
Department of Anthropology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Fl. 33431.
The utilization of power by crewleaders in the control, manipulation, and exploi-
tation of agricultural laborers was observed for 14 months in 6 South Florida
counties. It was found that the more successful crewleaders employed a multi-
dimensional power base with only a partial reliance upon the use of coercive power
to achieve their goals. This finding is in contrast to most of the previous
literature which stressed coercive power as the primary, and sometimes exclusive,
element in the power base foundation of crewleaders.
3:30 pm ANS-8 Colonization in Lowland Bolivia: The San Julian Project.
ALLYN M. STEARMAN, Florida Technological University, Box 25000, Orlando, Florida,
32816. For over 20 years the Bolivian government has been involved in colonization
programs to resettle indigenous groups of the densely populated highlands in the
lowland regions. For the most part, these programs have been extremely costly and
have exhibited high rates of abandonment. A new project, the San Julian colony,has
been attempted which presents an innovative resoonse to many of these earlier prob-
lems. This paper is a critical evaluation of the new colonization policy being
implemented in the Bolivian lowlands.
3:45 pm Discussion.
3:55 pm ANS-9 Summary. WILLIAM J. KENNEDY.
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Florida Scientist (Suppl.) 3 1979
Friday 8:45 am Owa Ehan 135
SYMPOSIUM IN NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Organizers: LESLIE SUE LIEBERMAN, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611 and RANDY FRANCES KANDEL, Dept. of Sociology/Anthropology,
Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, presiding.
8-45 am ANS-10 Introduction. L. S. LIEBERMAN and R. F. KANDEL
9:00 am ANS-11 Worldview of Health and Well Being: Its Effect on Nutrition
During Pregnancy and Lactation. JAYNE 0. LYONS, University of Florida, Anthropol-
ogy Department. Gainesville, Fl. 32611. The worldview of health and well being
found among the residents of San Juan Sacatepequez, Guatemala is presented. The
effects of this view of health are discussed as they pertain to the population
of pregnant and lactating women and their weanling offspring. Emphasis is placed
on the theory of hot and cold properties found in food, emotions and activities.
Other special properties that affect food and feeding behaviors are considered.
9:15 am ANS-12 Causal Factors of Malnutrition in Mojui dos Campos, Brazil: A
Preliminary Analysis. SUSAN VIRGINIA POATS, Department of Anthropology, University
of Florida. A nutrition survey carried out in a Brazilian middle Amazon village
during 1977-1978 found that 28.2% of 511 children under 72 months of age were mod-
erately to severely malnourished, and 45.2% were mildly malnourished according to
Latin American standards for weight and age. Results from the survey as well as
data from the author's field research prior to survey initiation revealed that the
eauses of malnutrition were imbedded in a complicated, interwoven mesh of social,
cultural, economic and institutional factors. A preliminary analysis of some
selected interrelated causal factors is presented here in addition to a brief
summary of the survey site, survey instrument utilized and the role played by the
anthropologist in the nutrition research project. Dr. A.F. Hartmen, Fundacé&o Es-
peranca, directed the project. Nutrition students from the Universidade Federal do
Parad, Brazil aided in the survey. NDEA-Title VI, University of Florida Foundation
and Fundac&’o Esperanca funded the author's research.
9:30 am ANS-13 Growth and Development, Nutrition and Activity Among Diabetic
Youngsters. LESLIE SUE LIEBERMAN, Dept of Anthropology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611. Ultrasonographic and anthropometric measurements were made
of body composition, height, weight and skinfolds in 150 children with diabetes
mellitus and in 87 control children matched for age, sex, and race. Diabetic
children weighed less, were significantly shorter, had lower bone densities,
reduced muscle mass and greater adiposity than control children. These growth and
developmental differences are discussed with regard to diabetes pathology, diet
and activity levels. This research was supported by Biomedical Research Support
Grant 216E38.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 4. 1979
9:45 am ANS-14 Diet, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Among the Florida Seminole.
SANDRA K. JOOS, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The incidence of adult-onset diabetes has increased dramatically since the 1950's
in this population, and constitutes a major health problem. Four months were spent
at the Brighton Indian Reservation identifying economic, social and cultural fac-
tors which influence dietary behavior, the incidence of obesity and diabetes, and
account for the inability of health care personnel to induce participation in self-
management through dietary modification and weight loss. Based on these factors,
suggestions are made as to how changes in dietary behavior and weight loss might be
achieved. This research was partially supported by a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of
Research.
10:00 am Discussion.
10:15 am BREAK
10:30 am ANS-15 Dietary Patterns and Styles of Social Involvement
Among Elderly Women in Dade County, Florida. RANDY FRANCES KANDEL,
Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Florida International Universi-
ty, Tamiami Trail, Miami, Florida 33199. Based upon dietary recal®
and social questionnaire data from an economically and ethnically
heterogeneous sample of elderly women in Dade County, Florida, this
paper examines the relationship between dietary patterns and quantity
and quality:-of social involvement. Implications of the data for life
satisfaction, social adjustment, health and nutritional status are
considered.
10:45 am ANS-16 Changing Dietary Conditions in Rural North Wales: A Historical
and Anthropological Overview. DWIGHT L. SCHMIDT. Anthropology Department,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611. Certain notable dietary changes
among indigenous populations in the rural uplands of Northern Wales are found
to be the result of long-term socio-economic and historical forces mediated by the
ecological limitations of the region. The changing conditions forced the Welsh
to rely more heavily upon the external market economy. Despite a period of insecur-
ity and poverty, this economic factor has stabilized and diversified the Welsh diet.
Contemporary socia! welfare and government programs have raised the standards of
living in Wales and allow the populace to successfully exploit the new market and
nutritional opportunities available to them.
11:00 am ANS-17 Slave Diet and Evidence of Supplements to the Standard
Allotment. TYSON GIBBS AND KATHLEEN CARGILL, Dept of Anthropology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Previous historical research suggests that slaves
supplemented their weekly rations with domestic and wild food stuffs. Our research
project, using archeological and zooarcheological data, shows concrete evidence
that slaves used supplemental food resources extensively. These additional
resources partially accounted for a relatively low incidence of nutritionally
related diseases and a high intrinsic rate of population increase in the
Southeastern coastal regions from 1800 - 1860.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) Dis 1979
11:15 am ANS-18 Supplemental Foraging in Free-Ranging Monkeys. ELIZABETH H.
SARRIS, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Despite seemingly adequate provisioning, free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta) at Silver Springs, Florida continually supplement their diet with leaves,
buds, twigs and dirt. Plant species consumed do not represent the full range of
species available indicating selectivity by the monkeys. Fecal analysis indicates
some insect eating. Consumption of other sources of animal protein (e.g. small
vertebrates or eggs) was never observed in the field or detected in the feces.
The difficulties of determining the nutritional significance of supplemental
foraging will be discussed. This research was supported by the Florida State
Museum and the University of Florida.
11:30 am Discussion.
11:45 am ANS-19 Summary. LESLIE SUE LIEBERMAN and RANDY FRANCES KANDEL.
12:00 n Annual Business Meeting of the Anthropological Sciences Section.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 1:30 pm Owa Ehan 135
SEMINAR ON ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORIDA COMMUNITY COLLEGES TODAY
Organizers: W. G. GLOVER, Edison Community College, Ft. Myers, FL 33901,
M. M. PARDI, Polk Community College, Winter Haven, FL 33880, R. E. PINDER, JR.,
Indian River Community College, Ft. Pierce, FL, D. E. SHAW, Miami Dade
Community College, Miami, FL 33176, S. CLAPHAM and R. H. FURLOW, Broward
Community College, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314.
W. GERALD GLOVER, presiding.
1:30 pm ANS-20 Introduction. W. GERALD GLOVER
£9 pa ANS=-21 jigging Up Anthropology. RAYMOND E. PINDER, JR., Indian
River Community College, Fort Pierce, Florida. Through the means of a
questionnaire, the paper will address the current state of Anthropology in the
community colleges in Florida. An attempt will be made to assess the status
of each of these programs; looking specifically at the enrollment, how many
courses are offered, how often, if an anthropologist is teaching them, and
what part of problems they experience in ''selling'' their discipline. Also, an
attempt will be made to assess the possibility of an Anthropology program at
those schools in which it is not presently offered. Based on the findings of
the survey, suggestions will be offered for raising the status of Anthropology
at the community college level in Florida.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 6. 1979
ae Death Education. MARCO M. PARDI, Polk Community College,
Winter Haven, Florida 33880. In this paper the anthropologist describes the
evolution and development of a death education program at Polk Community College
in Polk County, Florida. Included is an overview of the community role
involvement typical of such colleges and a working model for enhancing that
involvement jin any college/community setting. The social and institutional
resources usually available in the environment of most colleges are listed and
discussed as areas of need and as justification for the development of death
education programs at community colleges.
28) Iga Eos The Role of An Anthropologist in Human Service Development.
W. GERALD GLOVER, Edison Community College, Ft. Myers, Florida 33901. This
paper discusses a community-wide human service's training program developed by
an anthropologist. A community college is used as a vehicle for diffusion of the
innovation. Directions for anthropologists in community colleges and in human
service organizations are discussed.
2:30 pm Discussion.
2:45 pm BREAK
3:00 pm ANS-24 The Status of Anthropology In Florida's Community Colleges.
DENNIS E. SHAW, Miami-Date Community College, Miami, Florida 33176. Exactly what
is the status of anthropology at the community college level? How much
anthropology is being taught in community colleges? What is the background of
anthropology instructors in the community colleges, and how do they view them-
selves in relation to anthropologists at the senior institutions? To answer
these and other questions, the anthropologist surveyed the 38 community
colleges in the state of Florida. The data presented here are the results of
that survey.
3:15 pm ANS~-25 "Anthropology in the Community College Setting: A Case
Study''. STEPHEN CLAPHAM AND RICHARD H. FURLOW, Broward Community College, Fort
Lauderdale, Florida 33314. The status of anthropology at two-year institutions
appears ambiguous. At a time when many doctorates in the discipline are
prepared to seek a teaching post in a junior college, those in the curriculum
decision making process at the two-year schools deal with anthropology usually
with mixed feelings as to its viability as a social science offering. This
paper examines these trends and attempts to define some of the problems and
prospects involved in the teaching of anthropology at the two-year college.
What can be accomplished is illustrated by the anthropology program at Broward
Community College, Central Campus, which serves as a case study for the purposes
of this paper.
3): 305 pm Discussion and Summary.
3:45 pm PALEOANTHROPOLOGY, PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND PRIMATE BEHAVIOR
MICHAEL J. HANSINGER, presiding.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) Te 1979
a ee ANS-26 Possible Presence in Southern Africa of East African Taxa:
Homo habilis and Australopithecus boisei. MICHAEL J. HANSINGER, Florida-based
Field Associate, Yale Peabody Museum, P.O. Box 351, Ft. Myers, FL 33902. A
statistical analysis was made of length and breadth variates of 409 cheek teeth
of Plio/Pleistocene hominids. Samples used were Kenya National Museum specimens
_usually classified as H. habilis and A. boisei, and Transvaal National Museum
teeth assigned to A. africanus and A. robustus. Certain of the South African
distributions appeared anomalous. These included a lower first premolar, first
and second lower molars, and an upper third molar from Makapan; and upper first and
third molars from Sterkfontein. The anomalies are explained by teeth having
dimensions appropriate, within reasonable confidence limits, to populations of
H. habilis and A. boisei, as these are known in the East African record.
4:00 pm ANS-27- photogrammetric Determination of Cranial Capacity.
DANIEL R. HENDERSON, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL,
33432. Close range stereophotogrammetry was employed to create a
contour image of a human skull in profile. Areas were measured by
a polar planimeter and volume computed by formula. The result was
compared to anthropometric methods of estimating cranial capacity.
Since the photogrammetry produced an external measure of 1330 cubic
centimeters compared to a direct internal measure of 1140 cc, it
necessitated a correction factor to bring the estimate within an
acceptable range. Several techniques for correction were examined
and evaluted. Other possible applications of cranial photogrammetry
are discussed along with the limitations and practicability of the
photogrammetry methods for the physical anthropologist.
4:15 pm ANS-28 yale Caretaking of Infants in Primate Groups. CANDACE ALCORTA,
Florida Atlantic Univ., 8888 SE Rigdon Way, Hobe Sound, FL 33455. The participa-
tion of males in infant care among the primates is linked to both evolutionary and
ecological factors and is positively correlated with the intra- to inter-group
competitive ratio experienced by the primary social group. Not only does such
caretaking enhance offspring viability, but it further permits a reduction of
aggressivity within the social group by altering neonatal hormonal secretions,
thereby affecting later adult endocrine responses. As most primate societies are
comprised of kin groups, the raising of aggression thresholds in high intra-group
competitive situations would permit the operation of kin selection and secure
enhancement of reproductive success. Conversely, a clear correlation of high male
aggressivity and low male caretaking of young is demonstrable throughout the primate
order, including the social groups of man.
4:30 pm Discussion.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 8. 1979
Saturday 9:00 am Owa Ehan 135
SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY INTERNSHIPS AT THE MASTERS' LEVEL
Organizers: CURTIS W. WIENKER, J. RAYMOND WILLIAMS, and ALVIN W. WOLFE,
Dept. of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
ALVIN W. WOLFE, presiding.
9:00 am ANS-29 Introduction to Symposium on Applied Anthropology Internships
at the Masters Level. ALVIN W. WOLFE, Department of Anthropology, University of
South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Internships provide practical experience to
students at the master's level in medical anthropology, public archaeology, and ur-
ban anthropology in a program at the University of South Florida. Some ideas of
the range of projects and skills involved in applied anthropology are demonstrated
in the brief internship reports that make up this symposium. These reports should
also provide evidence of the prospects for developing professional anthropology at
this level.
9:10 am ANS-20. Applied Anthropology and Cardiovascular Disease in the Tampa Bay
Area. WENDY J. WALLACH, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida,
Tampa, Florida 33620. A synthetic estimate calculated at the Florida Gulf Health
Systems Agency indicates that the prevalence rate of hypertension is higher for
the Tampa region (22.1%) than for the nation (18.1%). The intent of this paper is
to develop recommendations for a model cardiovascular disease screening program in
the Tampa Bay Area in order to reduce the rate of heart disease. Data used in the
study were collected from national statistics, available literature and a local sur-
vey administered by the FGHSA. The synthetic estimate, calculated by the Agency,
was compared to the results of the survey in order to assess the present screening
programs. Recommendations directed toward a more effective and accessible program
according to the specific populations’ needs are presented. The study demonstrates
the valuable perspective and assistance an applied medical anthropologist can pro-
vide in the design of a disease screening program.
9:25 am ANS-31 The Psychological Effects of Crime on the Elderly. ANDREA
SHELTON, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
33620. Studies initiated by the Victim Assistance For Older Adults Program (VAP)
confirm findings of federally conducted surveys taken in major metropolitan areas-
elderly persons (aged 55 +) are more fearful of crime than any age group, although
they are victimized least in proportion to population size. The VAP provides
short term crisis intervention, support and referral services, victim advocacy,
and crime prevention information to all elderly victims of Par 1] crimes in
Hillsborough County, Florida. The program, which began in January, 1978, has
aided more than 2,500 victims to date. Still to be investigated are VAP findings
that suggest anxiety accompanies fear, especially among victims who have been made
aware of preventive measures that could have been taken to avoid the crime and
consequences.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 9. 1979
9:40 am ANS-32. An Analysis of the Socioeconomic Factors Ihat May Intluence Suc-
cesstui functioning in Families with Chronically I11 Children. VERA E. VANDEN,
Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620.
Thirty families participating in a public health care program for children with
chronic medical problems were interviewed over a three month period within the
clinic setting. A selected number were also interviewed more extensively at home.
Some of the socioeconomic factors considered are income, age, ethnicity, religion,
family composition, presence or absence of extended family and neighborhood support
systems, parental attitude toward the child's illness and the clinic, parental ex-
pectations for the child and for the outcome of health care. Consideration is also
given to the interrelationship between the public health system and levels of
functioning in families with chronically il] children.
9:55 am ANS-33 The Management of Cultural Resources at the Fletcher Avenue Park
Site, Hillsborough County, Florida. DAVID L. McCULLOUGH, Department of Anthro-
pology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. An archaeological in-
vestigation was conducted on the proposed site of the Fletcher Avenue park for
eight weeks during the summer of 1978. Site boundaries were located during the
early stages of park planning so that adverse impact from park development could
be minimized. Data recovery was designed to produce cultural-historical infor-
mation about the parks sites for use in on-site public displays. At the same time,
problem-oriented excavations will contribute to an understanding of regional
cultural processes in prehistory. Recommendations to park developers include site
preservation techniques whose long-term effectiveness can be measured in the future.
Scientific site preservation, coupled with public interpretation of the park's
cultural resources all contribute to an over-all program of management of cultural
resources at the Fletcher Avenue park.
10:10 am ANS-34 An Appraisal of Hardee County Archaeology: Hinterland or Heart-
land? BARRY R. WHARTON AND J. RAYMOND WILLIAMS, Department of Anthropology, Uni-
versity of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Hardee County is poorly understood
archaeologically, despite a spate of recent archaeological surveys performed on
large areas in the county's western portion. The county conveniently circumscribes
the middle reaches of the Peace River Valley which is located between the Central
Lake Ridge on the east and the Gulf coastal strand on the west. Far from being a
cultural buffer zone between the cultural centers of Tampa Bay and the Okeechobee
Basin, the county was occupied by sparsely-distributed Late Archaic hunter/gather-
ers. By Weeden Island times or later, a society organized at a chiefdom level of
sociocultural integration was centered in the eastern part of the county. Further
research of the chiefdom's probable seat, a large rectangular, flat-topped temple
mound and associated burial mound, should shed new light on the sociocultural de-
velopments of the late prehistoric Tampa Bay, Ft. Myers, and Lake Okeechobee areas.
40:25 am ANS-35 Report of excavations of the Fort Brooke Site (8-Hi-13) Conducted
by the University of South Florida's 1978 Summer Archaeological Field School. ELIZA-
BETH A. FISHER, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa,
Florida 33612. Excavations conducted in a portion of the Fort Brooke site located
in downtown Tampa revealed no subsurface structural remains of the fort period;
however, a quantity of fort-period artifacts were recovered. These findings, re-
vealed in a context of modern disturbance, provide some substantiation to the evi-
dence in available historical documents. The nature of the archaeological evidence
at the site demonstrates the nearby location of the fort, as well as some of the ~
circumstances of its existence. During the excavations a relatively intact ahorigi-
nal shell midden was also encountered. This aboriginal component consisted of
lithic tools and debris, along with animal remains and pottery, and is tentatively
associated with the late Weeden Island cultural period.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) LO’. 1979
10:40 am BREAK
10:50 am ANS-36 A Needs Assessment Study Among Migrant/Farmworkers in Southern
Hillsborough County. REUBEN D. FERNANDEZ, JR., Department of Anthropology, Univer-
sity of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. This paper presents some of the
findings of a needs assessment survey among migrant/farmworkers in rural southern
Hillsborough County. Tne study concentrates on educational levels, family size
and income levels of the predominately Hispanic target population. Some attitudinal
data are presented.
11:05 am ANS-37 Producing a Comprehensive Plan. C. MARTIN BANSPACH, Department
of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. In 1975, the
Florida Legislature adopted the "Local Government Comprehensive Planning Act. This
act requires all counties and municipalities to create a comprehensive plan to
guide future urban development. This paper concerns the application of anthro-
pological techniques and skills to the production of a comprehensive plan. The
paper demonstrates the integration of ethnography and ethnoscience into the urban
planning process. The perspective of this report is that of an interdisciplinary
approach, as practiced through a private consulting firm.
11:20 am ANS-38 Applied Anthropology in the Public School System: Folklore col-
lecting as « Methodology for Teaching Values Clarification. LARRY GOODWIN, Depart-
ment of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. This paper
is a presentation of both the various methods explored and utilized for teaching
folklore on the sixth grade level and the actual results obtained from an AAIP
internship at the Williams Elementary School, Tampa, Florida. The paper is ethno-
graphic in nature and deals with the training of two hundred and sixty children,
sixth grade classes, in the basics of both folklore collection and archiving. The
scope of the project included the use of the collected material as a vehicle for
teaching values clarification and the anthropological perspective, and utilizing
the basic fieldwork techniques as a methodology for addressing the basic problem
of student anomie.
11:35 am ANS-39 The Functions of Job Attitudes in a Bureaucracy. ANN M. PYTYNIA,
Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620.
An examination of the results of a five month study that concerned itself with work-
related activities and attitudes of non-supervisory white collar workers ina
bureaucratic setting. Problems and advantages of the ethnographic method of study
will be addressed. Job functions are related to attitudes towards supervisory per-
sonnel, job attitudes, and job tasks. Suggestions are made as to input by the non-
supervisory staff.
11:50 am Discussion
12:10 am ANS-40 1979 Anthropology Section Meeting, Summary. MICHAEL J. HANSINGER,
Chairman, Anthropological Sciences Section, 1978-79.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) TE 1979
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 8:45 am Primera Casa 211
Session A: THE AIRCRAFT AS A RESEARCH PLATFORM
C. B. EMMANUEL, Research Facilities Center, NOAA, Miami, presiding.
0 Ee The Aircraft as a Research Platform - Its Capabilities and
Potential. C. B. EMMANUEL, NOAA/ERL, Research Facilities Center, Miami, Florida.
A multiengine, long-range aircraft has the ability to support a multitude of
sophisticated research systems for atmospheric and oceanic studies. When coupled
to the aircraft navigation system, such research systems can, and do, afford the
investigator detailed spatial and temporal observations of the pertinent physical
Parameters. Indeed, to comprehend and appreciate the excellent research platform
that the aircraft affords one need only consider its capability for covering long
distances in short periods and for remaining on station for long periods of time.
In addition to a general discussion of research aircraft, emphasis is placed on the
present capabilities of the Research Facilities Center's aircraft as modern
efficient, and highly versatile research platforms capable of meeting even the
most stringent research requirements. Also, future requirements for improved
capabilities to meet the needs of new research problems now under consideration
will be addressed.
9:00 am AOS-2 The Research Systems Aboard the RFC Aircraft. JAMES D.
DU GRANRUT AND TERRY L. SCHRICKER, NOAA/ERL Research Facilities Center,
Miami, Florida. The research systems presently aboard the RFC aircraft will be
discussed in some detail. The presentation focuses on the operational environ-
ment, monitoring restrictions, response characteristics, resolution, sampling
rates, etc., of all sensors. Special emphasis is placed on weather radar,
cloud physics, radiation as well as atmospheric dynamics instrumentation.
a 88 The Data Collection and Processing Capabilities of the RFC
Aircraft. W. J. BROWN AND EDDIE A. BRUNSON. The WP-3D data acquisition system
samples 64ADC channels at a rate of 40 samples per second per channel. It also
collects information from the aircraft navigation system (dual Carousel IV with
Omega update) at the same rate. This information is filtered and then recorded
on magnetic tape. There are three HP-2100A systems aboard the aircraft: One is
used for the data collection and recording, the second for disc storage, graphics
and real-time analysis, the third for the weather radar data recording. Filtered
data are displayed on CRTs throughout the aircraft. Through interactive terminals
the investigator has control of the data reduction he/she wishes to perform in
real-time. A graphic subsystem exists which allows a wide range of versatility
in the presentation of the data.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 12: 1979
9:30 am Discussion
9:45 am BREAK
10:00 am. PROJECT STORMFURY
ROBERT SHEETS, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory,
NOAA, Miami, presiding.
10:00 am AOS-4 An Evaluation of Diagnostic Marine Boundary Layer Models Applied
to Tropical Cyclones. MARK D. POWELL, NOAA/National Hurricane and Experimental
Meteorology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Four diagnostic marine boun-
dary layer models were evaluated for applicability to the hurricane regime with the
goal of developing an operational method of estimating surface variables with re-
search aircraft flight level (500 m) data. Model evaluation consisted of comparing
model wind speed, temperature and dewpoint to "ground truth" buoy and ship data from
Hurricane Eloise (9/22/75) and Anita (8/30-9/2/77) and vertically stacked several-
level aircraft data in Eloise (9/17/75) and Caroline (8/30/75). Three of the models
were similar in estimating wind speed, giving an error of 12%. Temperature and dew-
point were estimated to an accuracy of +1°C. Model results also included surface
layer turbulent paramters, sea surface heat, momentum, and moisture fluxes and 10m
level neutral drag coefficients which were discussed in terms of range of magnitude
and comparison to previous studies. The model computed dissipation rate of turbu-
lent kinetic energy was found to compare favorably with measured values.
10:15 am AOS-5 Synoptic Analysis of an Easterly Wave. LAWRENCE N. LAHIFF, NOAA/
National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida
33124. A five day period of Caribbean synoptic data is analyzed. Use is also
made of satellite photos and film loops and data acquired from research aircraft.
Two methods of analysis are employed. One is the traditional hand analysis, the
other an objective line integral technique. The results from the different
methods are intercompared. The patterns of vertical velocities calculated are
compared to the depiction of clouds from the satellite and to the precipitation
depicted by the radar on the research aircraft.
10:30 am AOS-6 On the Structure and Natural Variability of Hurricanes. ROBERT
C. SHEETS, NOAA/National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, Coral
Gables, Florida 33124. Hurricane Anita and Ella aircraft data analyzed using
the variational approach are used to investigate the horizontal spatial and tem-
poral variability of selected parameters and "gust" characteristics of the wind
field as a function of height and storm intensity. Analyses of Hurricane Anita
data reveal a highly asymmetric convective element pattern and related wind
field during early stages of the storm's development. The "gust" factor is
quite large during this early stage and related to the cellular nature of the
convection. Later, as the storm attained more classical hurricane characteris-—
tics, the cellular structure of the convection and related wind gusts became
less dominant. Hurricane Ella data revealed similar characteristics.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 1b jp 1979
10:45 am AOS-7 In-Situ Comparison of Radar Reflectivities and Drop Spectra in
Hurricane Anita. PAUL T. WILLIS, NOAA/National Hurricane and Experimental Meteor-
ology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. For six hours on 1 Sept. 1977
quantitative 5 cm. radar measurements were made with the NOAA P-3 aircraft in Hurri-
cane Anita, while the storm was well developed and very intense. Also, two dimension-
al raindrop images were recorded with a P.M.S. optical spectrometer. The measured
radar reflectivities in several range gates, immediately ahead of the 3 km. altitude
flight track, are compared with the drop number density spectra computed from the
spectrometer data a few seconds later as the aircraft penetrated the same volume.
The radar reflectivities (Z), computed from the summation of the drop diameters
to the sixth power, are compared with the measured radar reflectivities. The data
span a wide range of dbZ values and agree fairly well except for regions of large
reflectivity gradient. Rainfall rates are also computed from the drop spectra and
a Z-R relationship derived from a fit to the data points.
11:00 am AOS-8 Rainfall Rates From Selected Hurricanes as Determined From
Digitized Airborne Radar. BILLY M. LEWIS, NOAA/National Hurricane and Experimental
Meteorology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Quantized radar reflectivity
(Z) recorded digitally onboard NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 1977 and 1978 hurricane
seasons are used to obtain estimates of rainfall rates (R) in several hurricanes.
These rainfall rate estimates are computed from an empirically derived Z-R relation-
ship. This Z-R relationship was determined from a drop size distribution obtained
from foil sample and Knollenberg spectra observations recorded on NOAA aircraft in
hurricanes. These 5 cm radar rainfall rate estimates will be presented as observed
geographically distributed about the hurricane center. The effects of precipitation
attenuation and radar beam filling affecting the rainfall rate estimates will be
discussed.
11:15 am Discussion
11:30 am Business Meeting of the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences
Section.
Friday 8:15 am Primera Casa 212
Session B: AIR-SEA INTERACTION
DUNCAN ROSS, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, NOAA, Miami,
presiding.
8:15 am AOS-9 Atmospheric Structural Variations Off Oregon That Resulted in Upwell-
ing. JEFF D. HAWKINS, FSU Dept. of Meteorology, Tallahassee, Florida 32306. The lower
atmospheric structural variations along Oregon's central coast are studied before and
during an upwelling event. The affect of these fluctuations on the surface ocean layer
are documented. A vast array of meteorological and oceanographic observations were
taken by aircraft, pibals, rawinsondes, buoys, land stations, and ships during the
Coastal Upwelling Experiment I (CUE-1) in the summer of 1972. The winds, currents, air
and water temperature from the surface ocean layer to 1.5 km (5000') are compared for
weekly periods of southerly winds (16-22 August) followed by NW winds (23-29 August).
The lower atmospheric layer was well mixed and the upper ocean layer was becoming
horizontally homogeneous during the southerly wind regime. A synoptic scale change
aloft on 22 August shifted all winds to the NW, causing the subsequent appearance of a
strong marine inversion, subsidence, clear skies, and intense inland surface heating.
The resultant large coastal temperature gradient precipitated well marked sea breeze
events. Increased equatorward and offshore flow brought about an intense upwelling event.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 14. 1979
8:30 am AOS-10 Measurement of Hurricane Surface Winds by Satellite Radar. PETER
G. BLACK, NOAA/National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, Coral
Gables, Florida 33124. The Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) obtained measure-
ments of the sea surface radar backscattering cross section, 09, at K-band in Hurri-
cane Fico. Wind vector computations were made from 3 different computer algorithms
over a swath 600 km wide parallel to the spacecraft subpoint track covering a range
of wind speeds from 5 to 26 m/s. Comparison of "surface truth" data from ships,
aircraft and cloud trajectories revealed that the initial SASS derived winds were
biased high by 4-8 m/s. However, details concerning the low level circulation
features were well resolved. Adjustments to the algorithms required to reduce the
bias will be discussed. These data suggest that satellite based measurements of
radar backscatter can be used to infer hurricane wind fields that will be useful in
defining storm location, radius of gale force and hurricane force surface winds.
The usefulness of these data sets as initial data sets for dynamical hurricane
prediction models is presently under study.
SN el a A Numerical Model of Upweliing Off Peru. JAMES J. O'BRIEN,
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306. An x-y-t, two-layer 8-plane nu-
merical model is used to examine upwelling off Peru from 14°S to 15930'S. The most
distinctive feature of the Peruvian upwelling circulation is a predominant poleward
flow. The model, when forced by wind stress only, shows no poleward flow. Forcing,
due to the effect of the atmospheric pressure gradient. is applied in the model and
results in the dominating poleward flow. In time, the effects of wind stress are
felt on the upper layer and an equatorward flow develops near the coast. Results
show that the observed upwelling maximum approximately 40 kilometers north of 15°S
is due to the effects of a broad flatish shelf. The upwelling maximum south of
15°S is the result of a mesoscale topographic feature, a seamount. Based on Ekman
dynamics, vertical cross-sections of the model results show strong poleward flows
with a narrow layer of equatorward flow near the coast. As a result of the effects
of rotation on this poleward flow, the vertical cross-sections reveal offshore flow
in the upper 40 meters and in a narrow layer over the shelf, with a thicker onshore
layer between the two. These circulation patterns agree closely-with observations.
9:00 am AOS-12 Numerical Forecasting of Hurricane Surges in Bays. W. C. THACKER,
NOAA/AOML/SAIL, 15 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149. Surges are anomalously high
tides which are caused by strong winds pushing the sea up against the land. To fore-
cast surges it is necessary to solve the hydrodynamic equations which govern the mo-
tion of the sea as it responds to the stresses of a hurricane. The highly populated
areas around bays and estuaries where these forecasts are most needed are difficult
to model because of their highly irregular coastlines and their variable bathymetry.
These difficulties can be overcome by basing the computations on an irregular grid
of triangular elements whose areas are proportional to corresponding depths with a
boundary that conforms closely to the coastlines of the bays and barrier islands.
This paper discusses fast finite-difference methods for irregular grids and a method
for automating grid construction.
9:15 am AOS-13 Density Instabilities in the Main Thermocline. FF. OSTAPOFF and
S. WORTHEM, NOAA/AOML/SAIL, 15 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149. Some 200 den-
sity profiles were obtained east of the Bahamas in November 1977. Special tech-
niques were employed to obtain vertical resolutions in temperature and conductivity
of better than 1 centimeter. It will be shown that the main thermocline structure
is characterized by "layers" and "sheets" (Woods, 1968). The density signature of
the sheets suggests that these instabilities are subject to "billowing" due to
Kelvin-Helmholtz shear instability (Thorpe, 1977) covering about 10% of the vertical
column in the thermocline. A conceptional model will be presented explaining the
Space-time evolution of a typical thermocline structure.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) LS, 1979
9:30 am Discussion
9:45 am BREAK
10:00 am NUMERICAL AND THEORETICAL MODELING IN TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
HUGH WILLOUGHBY, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory,
NOAA, Miami, presiding
10:00 am AOS-14 The Role of Nonlinearities in the Development of Easterly
Waves in an Inhomogeneous Environment. LLOYD J. SHAPIRO, NOAA/National Hurricane
and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. In order to
better understand the development of tropical easterly waves into tropical storms,
idealized numerical experiments have been made of the nonlinear evolution of a
barotropic Rossby wave. The simulations are designed to isolate and clarify the
role of advective nonlinearities in the development process. The inhomogeneous
basic state consists of a uniform easterly zonal flow together with a steady
vorticity source distribution that maintains an isolated vortex. The Rossby wave
develops due to interaction with the basic flow. Due to nonlinear vorticity ad-
vection, waves with a northwest-southeast tilt develop significantly more than
those with a northeast-southwest tilt. The role of nonlinearities in enhancing
development is discussed. The results will be related to the observed develop-
ment of tropical easterly waves.
10:15 am AOS-15 The Effect of Predicted Surface Temperature and Cumulus Convection
on the Florida Sea Breeze. JAMES M. GROSS, National Hurricane and Experimental
Meteorology Laboratory/NOAA, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. In preparation to do
three-dimensional simulations of the Florida sea breeze, some preliminary experi-
ments were performed with a two-dimensional version of the model. These experiments
were used to determine the effects of using a prediction equation for surface temp-
erature and cumulus parameterization. The results indicate that better simulations
of the sea breeze are possible when these effects are taken into consideration.
10:30 am AOS-16 The Initialization of a Mesoscale Hurricane Model with Real Data
for Hurricane Eloise (1975). MICHAEL FIORINO, National Hurricane and Experimental
Meteorology Laboratory/NOAA, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. A three-dimensional,
fine-mesh tropical cyclone model has been initialized with data from the opera-
tional analysis of the National Meteorological Center for Hurricane Eloise 0000
GMT 21 September to 0000 GMT 22 September of 1975. Several modifications were
made to the data set to insure a realistic specification of the boundary-layer
winds, moisture, and the storm vortex-steering flow interaction. The impact of
satellite estimates of surface winds, rainfall rates, and dynamic initialization
by "nudging" on model predictive skill was assessed. Track forecasts were
generally good. Dynamic initialization helped to develop mesoscale hurricane
features in the rainfall pattern and prevented the erroneous weakening of the
storm in the early portion of the forecast cycle. While satellite-sensed surface
winds had little effect on model results, the rainfall data significantly
upgraded the intensity prediction.
-
:
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 16. 2 eee
10:45 am AOS-17. Meteorological Factors in the COMSTAR Sateiiite Beacon Experiment*
D. DAVIDSON, D. D. TANG, GTE Laboratories, Inc., Waltham, MA 02154, and S. C. BLOCH,
University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Results of the continuing COMSTAR
satellite beacon experiment will be presented with particular emphasis on meteoro-
logical effects in the diversity solution to the problem of maintaining reliable
Space-earth communications. In 1977 three receiving terminals were established in
the Tampa area in order to study the propagation of the 19- and 29-GHz signals
from the beacons aboard COMSTARS D-1, D-2, and D-3, the last of which was success-
fully launched on June 29, 1978. The Tampa triad, located in a region of rainfall
which is very intense in summer, iS a natural environmental laboratory for this
study which involves scattering of electromagnetic waves from rain drops.
*Research supported by U. S. Army Research Office, GIE Laboratories, Inc., and
GTE Satellite Corp.
11:00 am AOS-18 A New Three-Dimensional Hurricane Model. ROBERT W. JONES,
National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory/NOAA, Coral Gables,
Florida 33124. Recent results are given of simulations of a mature hurricane
by a 12-layer, three-dimensional, nested grid hurricane model. This model is
unique because the latent heating to drive the hurricane is by the resolvable
scales of motion in contrast to parameterized cumulus heating. This model
has a liquid water budget with rain and elementary cloud physics included.
11:15 am Discussion
11:30 am Business Meeting of the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences
Section. Primera Casa 211.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 2:00 pm Primera Casa 211
HURRICANE WARNING, FORECASTING, AND PREPAREDNESS
JOHN HOPE, National Hurricane Center, NOAA, Miami, presiding
2:00 pm AOS-17 Regression Estimation of the Probability of Tropical Cyclone
Recurvature. PRESTON W. LEFIWICH, JR., NOAA, NWS, National Hurricane Center,
PO Box 8286, Coral Gables, FL 33124. Recurvature of tropical cyclones often poses
critical forecast problems. To provide an aid in early identification of such
situations, regression equations which estimate the protability of recurvature of
Atlantic tropical cyclones were developed. The Regression Estimation of Event
Probability (REEP) technique was applied for forecast periods of 36 and 72 hours.
Predictors include latitude, longitude, day number, maximum sustained wind, and
speed and direction of motion. Developmental procedures and results of tests
on independent cases from the 1978 Atlantic tropical cyclone season will be
discussed.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl. ) i 1979
2:30 pm AOS-18 On the Use of Objective Guidance in the Prediction of Tropical
Cyclone Motion. CHARLES J. NEUMANN, NOAA National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables,
FL 33124. The output from a number of objective models are routinely made avail-
able to the operational hurricane forecaster preparatory to the issuance of tropical
cyclone advisories. Both statistical and dynamical as well as the combined statis-
tical-dynamical models, the latter using the output from a numerical model in a
statistical prediction framework, are used. This paper reviews these various models
and comments on their overall utility from the point-of-view of timeliness, economy
and accuracy. It is shown that in areas with adequate tropospheric data coverage,
the purely dynamical and the statistical-dynamical models typically outperform the
purely statistical models. However, in areas of inadequate data coverage where
analysis is highly uncertain, the simpler statistical models typically out-perform
the more sophisticated models. Since the various tropical cyclone basins will con-
tinue to be characterized by both data-rich and data-poor areas, both statistical
and dynamical models will be needed to satisfy the needs of the forecaster.
3:00 pm BREAK
3:15 pm AOS-19 The Use of Hurricane Statistics in Hurricane Preparedness.
PAUL J. HEBERT, NOAA, National Weather Service, National Hurricane Center, P. O.
Box 248286, Coral Gables, FL 33124. Raw statistics on the temporal and spatial
frequency of hurricanes and their associated deaths and damages can be misleading.
Lists of such statistics have been compiled for the United States. These lists
reveal much useful information after various stratifications have been made.
Examples of this usefulness are presented for application to a broad spectrum of
hurricane preparedness ranging from building risk to disaster mitigation.
3:45 pm AOS-20 on the Accuracy of Hurricane Track Forecasts. CHARLES J. NEUMANN
AND JOSEPH M. PELISSIER, National Hurricane Center, P.O. Box 8286, Coral Gables, FL
33124. Trends in the accuracy of tropical cyclone track forecasts during the past
twenty-three years are examined. Accuracy is measured in terms of mean annual fore-
cast errors. Such errors are found to be functions of several factors besides
"skill". Although errors statistics show large year-to-year fluctuations, the long
term trend is characterized by significant improvement during the period 1959-1966
and a leveling-off period in recent years. The period of improvement coincided with
the development of objective analyses and forecast models and improvement in ob-
serving systems, including the advent of weather satellites. Reasons for lack of
continued improvement are more subtle, but the effects of such factors as inadequate
middle level steering information are assessed. Current hurricane prediction re-
search topics are discussed.
Saturday 9:00 am Primera Casa 211
Session A: CUMULUS RESEARCH IN FLORIDA
ROBERT SAX, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology
Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, presiding
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) ES: 1979
9:00 am AOS-21 The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment. ROBERT I. SAX, National Hur-
ricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, P. O. Box 248265, Coral Gables,
Florida, 33124. A cumulus modification experiment aimed at understanding atmos-
pheric convective processes with a view towards increasing rainfall has been carried
out in South Florida since 1970. Results of the first (exploratory) phase (1970-
1976) of the program indicate a strong probability that rainfall within the
13000 km target area has been increased through the seeding of cumulus clouds on
days selected for experimentation. A confirmatory phase of the program is cur-
rently underway with the objective of verifying the rainfall results. A descrip-
tion of the physical hypothesis, methodology, analytical procedures and results
will be provided. An overview of cumulus research carried out within the scope of
the overall program will also be provided with an emphasis on studies describing
characteristics of the South Florida cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) aerosol.
9:15 am AOQS-22 Patterns of Florida Summertime Convection. VICTOR WIGGERT and
GLORIA LOCKETT, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, P. 0.
Box 248265, Coral Gables, Florida, 33124. The weather radar at the National Hurri-
cane Center in Miami supplies rainshower echo data over a square domain ll x 104 km
centered on Miami. Based on a 16-day sample, echo areas, populations, volumetric
rain rates and area average rain intensities are shown to vary with time, with stage
in growth cycle, with merger (or lack thereof), with location (over land or water)
with strength of the mean lower tropospheric wind and with motion (or stationarity)
of the echoes. In general, the largest rain volumes, areas, and average intensities
tend to be from echoes which are merged, or over land, or stationary, or embedded in
light winds. There usually are more unmerged than merged echoes. Diurnal variation
of average area and population are greater for over land than over water echoes.
Average rain intensity of growing echoes exceeds that of dying echoes of the same
size.
2
9:30 am AOS-23 The Lightning Hazard in Florida. MICHAEL W. MATER, National
Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, P. O. Box 248265, Coral Gables,
Florida, 33124. During the period 1959 to 1976 lightning was responsible for a
reported 192 deaths and 453 injuries in the state of Florida. During that same
period hurricanes and tornadoes combined were responsible for 86 deaths in Florida,
less than half the total attributed to lightning. These casualty statistics com-
bined with a reported 5.4 million dollars of property damage in Florida during the
same period clearly indicate lightning is the state's leading natural hazard. This
paper shall present results of an analysis of 456 lightning fatality, injury and
damage reports contained in the monthly severe weather summary Storm Data. Temporal
and spatial patterns of lightning deaths and damage are examined and correlated with
population distribution and growth patterns as well as observed thunderstorm and
cloud-to-ground lightning frequencies.
9:45 am BREAK
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 19. 1979
i0:00 am AOS-24 Atmospheric and Hydrological Response to the South Florida
Surface Moisture Distribution. PATRICK T. GANNON, SR. AND ORESTES MAYO, National
Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, P. 0. Box 248265, Coral Gables,
Florida, 33124. Initial surface conditions are sought for a three-dimensional nu-
merical model simulation of the sea breeze of August 19, 1975. Within each 11 km x
11 km grid square over the South Florida domain, weighting factors were determined
for land, water, soil type, vegatation and cultural features. For permeable land
surfaces, a soil moisture program calculates drainage evapotranspiration and reverse
water flux to estimate surface soil moisture profiles. Evapotranspiration is esti-
mated from consideration of cloud cover as seen on satellite imagery, wind run
analyses and pan evaporation observations. Five sources of rainfall data are ex-
ploited for daily rain input. Surprisingly large spatial and temporal variations in
soil moisture content have interesting meteorological consequences. Cultural devel-
opment has created large climatological anomalies in sensible and latent heat
fluxes.
10:15 am AOS-25 The June 15, 1973 Tornado in the FACE Network. RONALD L. HOLLE
and MICHAEL W. MAIER, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, |
P. O. Box 248265, Coral Gables, Florida, 33124. A tornado was observed within a
NOAA research data network south of Lake Okeechobee on June 15, 1973. Study of the
surface wind and rainfall station records shows that outdrafts can be tracked from
two thunderstorms 25 km away from the eventual tornado site. The outdrafts met,
formed a new cloud line, and a tornado dropped from the growing cloud line for about
10 minutes. The tornado is described in terms of photographs, wind, radar, and
rainfall fields. In particular, this fairly typical summer tornado in Florida
formed in an environment of local forcing, no shear, weak winds and neutral stabil-
ity. These conditions are similar to those during waterspout formation situations
in Florida, but very different from the typical mid-latitude tornado environment.
This tornado study is apparently the first where such a storm passed through a dense
surface data network in the tropics or subtropics.
10:30 am AOS=26 A Geographic Approach to the Estimation of Evapotranspiration
in Southwest Florida Water Management District. CECIL E. PALMER, Southwest Florida
Water Management District, 5060 U. S. Highway 41 South, Brooksville, Florida 33512.
Four evapotranpiration (Et) estimating models (Penman - 1948, Blaney-Criddle - 1962,
Christiansen - 1966, and Thornthwaite - 1948) were evaluated in terms of suitability
to the area and data availability. The District was divided into one kilometer
square cells, and climatic, soil type and land use information assigned to each
cell. Soil Conservation Service runoff curves were used to estimate the percentage
of monthly rainfall lost by direct runoff. Potential and actual evapotranspiration
were estimated for each cell and output as a computer-generated map. Average Et
values for larger areas can develop by aggregating cells within the delimited area.
There is reasonable correspondence between estimated Et using Thornthwaite and
observed rainfall and runoff data.
Saturday 9:00 am Primera Casa 212
Session B: GENERAL OCEANOGRAPHY
DONALD ATWOOD, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratories, NOAA, Miami, presiding
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 20. 1979
9:00 am AOS-27 Identification and Characterization of Hard Bottom Areason the
Georgia-South Carolina Outer Continental Shelf. DAVID A. GETTLESON, Continental
Shelf Associates, Inc., P. 0. Box 3609, Tequesta, Florida 33458. Geophysical in-
strumentation, which included a side scan sonar, subbottom profiler and a precision
fathometer, was tested for its efficacy in mapping hard bottom areas within four
oil and gas lease blocks on the outer continental shelf off Georgia and South
Carolina. The identified hard bottom areas were observed with a towed underwater
television/still camera system and sampled with both biological and rock dredges.
The identified biological assemblages associated with the hard bottom areas are
described and discussed in terms of environmental variables.
9:15 am AOS-28 Results of a Monitoring Program for Exploratory Drilling Opera-
tions Near the East Flower Garden Bank, Gulf of Mexico. DAVID A. GETTLESON and
RUSSELL E. PUTT, Continental Shelf Associates, Inc., P. 0. Box 3609, Tequesta,
Florida 33458. The monitoring program consisted of (1) defining the spatial dis-
tribution of discharged drilling fluids and cuttings relative to the drillsite
through water and sediment sampling, sediment traps, and current meters; and (2)
assessing the apparent health of predominant reef-building corals in the Coral
Reef Zone of the East Flower Garden Bank before, during and after drilling opera-
tions through visual observations and photo documentation at a site located 4.32
nautical miles from the drillsite. Plume studies and benthic sampling results
demonstrated that detectable quantities of the drilling fluids were distributed to
a maximum distance of between 500 and 1000 meters from the drillsite by a direc-
tionally complex, low velocity water current. The results of the Coral Reef Zone
observations and photographic documentation indicated that the drilling operations
had no apparent effect on the monitored corals.
9:30 am AOS-29 Discovery and Geochemistry of a Major Subsurface 0i1 Layer in the
Tropical North Atlantic. GEORGE R. HARVEY AND ADOLPHO REQUEJO, Ocean Chemistry
Laboratory, NOAA, 15 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149. A 100m thick layer
of water containing 10mg/1 of weathered crude oil was discovered east of the Lesser
Antilles at a subsurface depth of 200m. The full dimensions of the layer are un-
known but at least 0.5 millions tons of oil is present. In addition to the oil,
the unique array of fatty acids and sterols associated with the layer is suggestive
of a resident microbial population. We estimate from the degree of weathering of
the parafinic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions that the oil has been in the sea
for 1-2 years. Theories on the source of this oily layer will be discussed.
9:45 am BREAK
10:00 am AOS-30 Problems Associated with Measuring Primary Productivity in the
Open Ocean. PETER ORTNER, Ocean Chemistry Laboratory, NOAA, 15 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149. To Geen primary productivity biological oceano-
graphers have typically conducted '*C-uptake experiments modeled upon dark/light |
bottle oxygen evolution experiments. A significant underestimate may be intrinsic
to open ocean estimates generated in this fashion. Experimental artifacts result
from following the recommended (Strickland and Parsons) analytical procedures and
subsequent calculations. Confounding effects include: trace metal poisoning,
heterotrophic uptake, cell leakage and carbonate disequilibria. Procedures rem-
edying these artifacts are discussed and some new approaches are adumbrated.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 2A. 1979
10:15 am AOS-31 Characteristic of a Submarine Geothermal Spring on the West
Florida Shelf. K. A. FANNING, P. R. BETZER, R. H. BYRNE, J. A. BRELAND AND R. R.
JOLLEY, University of South Florida, 830 First Street, South, St. Petersburg, FL
33701. The physical, chemical, geological and biological aspects of a submarine
aeothermal spring on the West Florida Continental Shelf were examined. Flow rate
measurements from a major discharge orifice at Mud Hole Submarine Spring (MHSS)
indicate that the flow rate of this spring is greater than 2.3 x 10° l/day, and
that the discharge rate is apparently influenced by tidal fluctuations. Trans-
missometry studies of the prominent turbidity plume at the spring show that the
olume originates very near a major discharge vent although the discharge itself is
initially clear. Although water discharges from the vent at about 36°C, the water
temperature of turbid surface water is often less than for surrounding surface
water. Undiluted water from the discharge has a salinaty averaging 34.9 °/oo,
fresher than,surrounding waters. It is depleted in Mq™ and is considerably en-
riched in Ca“". The discharge water has a very low concentration of dissolved
oxygen and significantly lowered pH and alkalinity. Some inorganic nutrients
(nitrate, ammonia and phosphate) are present at very low concentrations. Petro-
graphic analyses revealed an unusual abundance of semi-opaque, rounded, amorphous
appearing tan-colored particles 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm in size within the turbidity
plume. Benthic epifauna and nekton appear considerably enriched in the spring
area. Both MHSS and a second spring which has been discovered, Steward Spring,
have associated with them one or more large loggerhead sea turtles.
10:30 am AOS-32 Trace Metal Geochemistry of Florida Gulf Coast Sediments. JOHN H.
TREFRY, Dept.of Oceanography, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901
and PETER H. FELDHAUSEN, Dames and Moore, 7101 Wisconsin Ave.,Washington, DC 20014.
Total and leachable Ba,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ni,Pb,V and Zn in more than 400 sediment samples
from the Florida Gulf Coast provide insight to the provenance and distribution of
these metals. Using trend surface
of increasing levels offshore and
this trend are sediment clays and
a 1 N HNO3 treatment show a trend
to the southwest and Cd,Ba and Cr
increased CaC03. A third data set,
analysis, total metal concentrations show a pattern
to the west. Independent variables responsible for
organic carbon. Leachable metal concentrations from
of increasing V,Fe,Zn and Pb to the west, Cu and Ni
to the south, the southward trend coincident with
percent metal leached, shows near complete metal
removal from the carbonate-rich central shelf with lower percent removal from near-
shore non-carbonate sands and outer shelf, clay-containing sediments, thereby indica-
ting areas and degrees of metal availability. Statistical ordination shows five dis-
tinct trace metal regions and several modes of metal accumulation.
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTION
(jointly with the AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES SECTION)
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 213
Session A: FISH BIOLOGY
WILLIAM $. ALEVIZON, Florida Institute of Technology, presiding
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 22s 1979
9:00 am BSS-1 Simulated Effect of a Fish Trap on Reef Fish. JAMES M. GROSS AND
P. SCHROEDER, South Florida Environmental Research Foundation, 11550 S.W. 108 Ct.,
Miami, FL 33176. Some controversy surrounds the use of fish traps on Florida reefs.
In order to examine their effects a simple numerical model was designed. The model
assumes that reef fish can be divided into two classes, catchable and uncatchable.
The reef has a carrying capacity and recruitment rate for each class. Entrapment is
a function of the number of catchable fish and the carrying capacity of the trap.
Preliminary results are obtained for a single trap which is pulled periodically, lost
indefinitely, and lost but opened after a long period of time.
9:15 am BSS-2 An experimental comparison of reef fish commmity structure on
Florida and Australian model reefs. JAMES A. BOHNSACK, Department of Biology,
University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124. Six model reefs were monitored in
Florida over a period of 41 months. Census results were compared to published
results from eight similar reefs constructed at similar latitude on One Tree Island
Reef, Australia. Similar values found for Florida (F) and Australian (A) reefs
were: total number of observed species (89 F vs. 85 A), total number of families
(31 F vs. 31 A), species per residency category (55 F vs. 58 A residents, 26 F vs.
22 A visitors, 8 F ys. 5 A transients), and mean number of individuals per monthly
census (X = 65.0, s“ = 824 F vs. X = 86.7, s“ = 2000 A). Despite a 50% larger
Australian species pool (517 vs, 800), Florida reefs had significantly more species
per monthly census (X = 17.1, s© = 12.4 vs. X = 12.8, s2 = 4.5) (p ~ O20B):
Environmental disturbance, via more extreme water temperatures in Florida, may
allow greater species packing in Florida, consistant with the intermediate
disturbance hypothesis. Supported by NSF, N.H.M.I., and the University of Miami.
9:30 am BSS-3 Fish Density as a Function of Reef Size. SCOTT P. BANNEROT,
Dept. of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124. A random visual
technique is used to assess diurnal density of coral reef fishes on a series of five
isolated patch reefs off Newfound Harbor Keys, Monroe County, Florida. Species are
divided according to diel activity pattern and the densities of the two groups are
compared to reef size. Diurnally inactive species density showed a significant
inverse relation to reef size, while diurnally active species density showed a
direct relation to reef size. Greater diversity and abundance of microhabitats on
larger reefs may cause higher diurnally active fish density. It is suggested that
diurnally inactive fish density is related to the ratio of reef area to nearby
foraging area, which is lower on smaller reefs. Within reef density variation is
higher for diurnally inactive species due to the patchy distribution of large
resting schools.
9:45 am BSS-4 A Description of the Fish Assemblage Associated with a Calcium
Carbonate Reef off the Florida Keys. DOUGLAS E. COLTON AND W. S. ALEVIZON, Florida
Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Fl 32901. The composition of the fish assem-
blage associated with a calcium carbonate reef located off Plantation Key, Florida
was investigated over an 11 month period and compared with a hard coral reef fish
assemblage in the immediate area. Fish species were censused through use of timed
visual observations made by a SCUBA diver. To obtain an indication of dominant
Species by day and night, species were ranked according to order of sighting. The
fish assemblage associated with the calcium carbonate reef was found to be similar
in species composition and richness to that of the nearby coral reef. However, the
two assemblages differed considerably both by day and night with regard to the
dominant species active at those times and the relative abundances of the component
species.
10:00 am BREAK
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 726 \ 1979
10-15 pss-5, ©e@sonal abundance, growth and reproduction of fishes
Gaueht by seining in McKay Bay, Tampa Bay System, FL. RAYMOND A.
SCHLUETER AND W. WAYNE PRICE, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606.
Thirty species of fish (14,297 specimens) were caught by seining
from May 1977 to August 1978 in 24 collecting trips. Large numbers
of species and individuals were present from May through July.
Lowest number of individuals was in late August and September.
Lowest diversity was in January and February. These changes were
apparently related to seasonal changes in water temperature and/or
seasonal migrations. Seasonal growth can be demonstrated for
Lagodon rhomboides, Leiostomus xanthurus, Mugil cephalus, and
Pogonias cromis. Reproductive data is given for Fundulus similis,
F. grandis, Cyprinodon variegatus, and Menidia beryllina. These
species have a protracted spawning season. Most spawning occurred
in spring, early summer, and to a lesser degree in late fall.
10:30 am BSS-6 Reclassification of the Teleostean Fishes Related to
The Echeneidae. LOUIS E. FISHER,JR. Florida Atlantic University,
Boca Raton, Fl. 33431. Monotypic classifications, when retained at
the family level, often lead to confusion in attempts to construct
phylogenies or to infer relationships between higher or lower taxa.
To a certain degree this problem is evident in past considerations of
Cobia (Rachycentron canadus) and the Remoras (Echeneidae). An exam-
ination of the behavior and a re-examination of the morphology and
osteology of Cobia and the Remoras was conducted. Photographs of the
fossil remora Opistomyzon glaronensis from the Upper Eocene of
Switzerland were examined and compared to Cobia and extant Remora
species. Based on these comparative findings it is suggested that all
three taxa be reclassified at the subfamily rank in the family
Echeneidae.
Friday 11:00 am Primera Casa 213 Annual Business Meeting of the Biological
Sciences Section.
Friday 11:00 am Primera Casa 214 Annual Business Meeting of the Agricultural
Sciences Section.
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 214
Session B: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR: I.
FRANK E. FRIEDL, University of South Florida, presiding
9:00 am BSS-7 Feeding Biology of Some Florida Sacoglossans. KATHE R. JENSEN,
Dept. Biol. Sci., Florida Inst. Techn., Melbourne, FL. 32901. Most sacoglossans
feed on the cell sap of siphonalean green algae, but some have very different
diets. Elysia evelinae feeds on the cell sap of Isthmia, a chainforming diatom.
Its radular teeth have thick borders and tip. Elysia serca feeds on Halodule wrigh-
tii, making a zig-zag pattern of emptied cells where it has been feeding. Its teeth
are identical to those of E. clena, with which it is probably synonymous, and with
those of E. catulus, which feeds on Zostera marina. The radula and alimentary sys-
tem clearly shows that the primitive Ascobulla ulla is a sacoglossan. It feeds on
several species of Caulerpa. The process of feeding in Oxynoe n. sp. and 0. antil-
larum is very complicated. Two enormous muscular bulges attached to the anterior
end of the pharynx are everted when feeding begins. They completely surround a
Caulerpa filament, which is pulled into the mouth, slit open by the radula, and the
cell sap sucked out. Mourgona germaeinae feeds on Cymopolia barbata. It ee ex-
tremely long barbed teeth, which fits into the holes in the algal ''skeleton".
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 2h. 1979
\
9:15 am BSS-8 Characteristics associated with chloroplast symbiosis in asco-
glossan molluscs. K.B.CLARK, H.M.STIRTS, And A. GOETZFRIED, Florida Institute of
Technology. Three families of Ascoglossa are presently known to contain species
that retain functional chloroplasts from algal foods. Pericardial veins and exten-
Sively ramified digestive gland diverticula are found in most plastid-retentive
species, suggesting that the families Volvatellidae and Juliidae may contain
plastid-retentive species. Plastid retention is correlated with tropical distrib-
ution, stable food resources, and extended embryonic development. The function-
ality of symbiotic plastids bears no direct relationship to retention time, but
is influenced by temperature and light intensity. Plastid symbiosis appears to
represent one characteristic of a broad set of adaptations that stabilize asco-
glossan populations.
9:30 am BSS-9 Behavioral Adaptations of Symbiotically Autotrophic Ascoglossa to
Light. S. WEAVER AND K. B. CLARK, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute
of Technology, Melbourne, Fl 32901. This study examined preferences to light quan-
tity and quality of several species of Ascoglossa to determine if species that re-
tain symbiotic chloroplasts show behavioral adaptations which could enhance photo-
a
synthesis. Observed were Costasiella lilianae and Elysia tuca, both chloroplast re-
tainers, and Oxynoe antillarum, a non-retainer. When allowed to choose between
darkness and light of various intensities, Oxynoe avoided light, Costasiella were .
strongly attracted to light of all intensities, and Elysia were attracted to light
at lower intensities but avoided higher intensities. When exposed to light of
different colors, Oxynoe showed no significant preferences, Costasiella preferred
shorter wavelengths of light, and Elysia preferred longer. Thus, chloroplast re-
taining species exhibited behavioral preferences to light intensity and wavelength
while non-retaining species did not. Light preferences may reflect a balance be-
tween photosynthetic benefit and predator avoidance.
9:45 am BSS-10 Growth rings in the ossicles of Nidorellia armata (Asteroidea:
Oreasteridae). JOHN M. LAWRENCE, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
Terminal ossicles of Nidorellia armata collected from the intertidal zone at
Panama City, Panama, show growth rings similar to those reported for the plates
of echinoids. The bases for the deposition of the growth rings is not known.
I thank Dr. Gordon Hendler for his assistance in collection.
10:00 am BREAK
10:15 am BSS-il Hermaphroditism in the starfish Luidia clathrata (Say)
(Echinodermata: Platyasterida). PAULA F. DEHN. Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL
33620. Normally the sexes of Luidia clathrata are separate. The numerous gonads
per ray are arborescent sac-like structures that are lined with germinal cells.
The gametes arise adjacent to the basal lamina. The ovaries give rise to oocytes
which grow and fill the lumen of the unspawned ovary. The testes give rise to
spermatogonia, which give rise to spermatocytes, spermatids, and mature sperm which
fill the lumen of the unspawned testis. In the hermaphroditic gonad, each acinus
gives rise to both oocytes and sperm. Both oocytes and sperm arise from the same
area along the basal lamina. In some acini oocytes dominate while in others sperm
are predominant. In acini which contain large numbers of both gametes the sperm
completely encircle the oocytes, which seemingly is an efficient packing arrange-
ment. Hermaphroditism is not usual. This report is of a single incident of a
hermaphroditic individual in more than 1200 individuals examined during the
reproductive seasons of 1974-1978.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 23 1979
10:30 am BSS-12 Respiratory electron transport activity during larval development
of Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). LARRY R. MCEDWARD, Univ. of
South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The energetic metabolism during larval development
was estimated by measuring the respiratory electron transport activity. The mean
activities (ug at O/h/mg protein) for five stages were: blastula, 2.51; gastrula,
2.03; prism, 2.14; two-arm pluteus, 2.86; four-arm pluteus, 1.13. The mean
specific activity of the four-arm pluteus was significantly lower than that of the
two-arm pluteus and the blastula. All other comparisons between means were not
significant (Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test, p < 0.05). The results
suggest that the known increase in oxygen utilization by larvae between hatching
of the blastula and development of the pluteus is due to an increase in the amount
of metabolically active tissue in the larva rather than to an increase in specific
electron transport activity.
Friday 11:00 am Primera Casa 213 Annual Business Meeting of the Biological
Sciences Section.
Friday 11:00 am Primera Casa 214 Annual Business Meeting of the Agricultural
Sciences Section.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 2:30 pm Primera Casa 213
Session A: MARINE ECOLOGY
ERNEST D. ESTEVEZ, New College of the University of South Florida, presiding
2:30 pm BSS-13 Recolonization of Intertidal Infauna Following Different
Frequencies and Areas of Small-Scale Disturbance. C.E. PROFFITT, J.L. SIMON, S.
VEST AND S. SZEDLMAYER, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa,
FL 33620. Experimental Sites were disturbed by removal of various numbers of 10 cm
diameter cores at different frequencies to simulate non-selective predation. While
infaunal species richness in control areas declined, increasing frequency of
disturbance led to elevated numbers of species over two weeks. Total densities in
control sites increased over week one and decreased over week two. At any one
sampling time, greater frequencies of disturbance tended to result in higher
densities. Increasing area of disturbance yielded lower species richness and total
density after two weeks than in controls or any other treatment. There was greater
within site species similarity in disturbed plots relative to controls, suggesting
disturbance may be permitting co-habitation over smaller areas than occurs in
undisturbed sites.
2:45 pm BSS-14 The relationship between sediment characteristics and the
distribution of Luidia clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). THOMAS S.
KLINGER, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The density and distribution
of Luidia clathrata in Charlotte Harbor, Florida show no significant correlation
with the grain size or the amino acid, carbohydrate, and organic levels of the
sediment. It is concluded that variations in the substratum are generally too
minute to significantly affect the distribution of L. clathrata.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 26. 1979
3:00 pm BSS-15 A Computer Simulation Model of Heavy Metal Cycling in the Turtle-
grass (Thalassia) Community. PETER SCHROEDER AND A. THORHAUG, South Florida Environ-
mental Research Foundation, 11550 SW 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33176, and Florida Interna-
tional University, Miami, FL 33199. An eight compartment mathematical model of
heavy metal cycling in turtlegrass flats has been written in BASIC and simulated on
a microcomputer. Coefficients of the model were based on experiments using radionu-
clides in microcosms held at different temperatures and salinities. Simulations are
presented of heavy metal uptake and release from biological compartments when long-
term low-level releases and short-term pulses are introduced to the environment.
3:15 pm BSS-16 Oil and Mangrove Forests: The Aftermath of the Howard Starr 071
Spill. ROY R. LEWIS, III, Mangrove Systems, Inc., 5700 Memorial Hwy., 202-D, Tampa,
FL 33615. On the morning of October 5, 1978, the M/V Howard Starr discharged 150,000
liters of oil (80% bunker c, 20% diesel) into Hillsborough Bay, Florida. Much of
the oil contaminated mangrove forests in Hillsborough Bay and localized invertebrate
mortalities (Melongena corona, Laeonereis culveri) were observed within 72 hours of
the spill. Death of oiled mangroves did not begin until 3 weeks after the spill and
are continuing. A joint investigation of the spill has been undertaken by the
Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission and the author. The inves-
tigation will continue for 12 months and will include vertical false color infrared
photography of the oiled forests at 6 month intervals. The results to date are
discussed in relation to other oi] spills in mangrove forests in Puerto Rico and
the U.S. Virgin Islands.
3:30 pm BREAK
3:45 pm BSS-17. Manatee (Trichechus manatu aliti -
fires in outh Florida. RR BERET T ROMS “4600 Rackenb ocho Cone. ised
Fl 33149. A study is being conducted of the relationship between manatee mortali-
ties and automatic flood control structures in Southeast Florida. From 4/74 to
12/78, 18 of 84 deaths were attributed to this cause, and this is probably an un-
derestimate of the total. Behavioral observations at structures where animals have
been repeatedly killed are providing information to clarify specific causes of
death and to propose preventative measures. At one dam, 68 sightings have been
made in 105.8 hours of observation in 1978. Animals approach the dam closely and
spend considerable time there. Manatees are seen more below the dam than above,
and the data suggests a diurnal pattern (p .01) of occurence. Causes of death are
crushing, drowning and separation of mother and young. Deaths may be decreased by
structures for preventing animals from passing upstream through the dam and by dam
operation changes. This source of mortality is easier to control than boat kills,
so should receive serious attention.
4:00 pm BSS-18 Patterns of Sea Turtle Mortality on the East-Central Florida
Coast, 1977-78. L. M. EHRHART, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Central
Florida, Box 25000, Orlando, FL 32816. Significant numbers of dead Atlantic logger-
head turtles (Caretta caretta) began to appear on Brevard and Volusia County beaches
in November and December, 1977, when at least 34 carcasses stranded. The observed
mortality rate subsided to approximately ome per week from January to September,
1978. In late September and early October massive mortality was observed. Records
of 84 carcass strandings, mostly from within the city limits of Cocoa Beach, were
cataloged in a ten-day period. Only one green turtle (Chelonia mydas) carcass was
reported; in June, 1978. Causes of the mortality remain obscure.
Research supported by NASA Contract No. NAS 10-8986.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 27 1979
4:15 pm BSS-45 Restoration of Impacted Florida Estuaries. ANITRA THORHAUG, Flor-
ida International University, Tamiami Campus, Miami, FL 33149. Many of the major
nearshore bodies of water have been badly impacted by man's activity and expansion
during the last 50 years. Juvenile or nursery stages of commercial and sports fish-
eries organisms are thus removed from the nearshore waters. In north Biscayne Bay,
damages since .1896 have resulted in denudation of the dominant vegetation. Three
meetings of community leaders concluded that restoration was not only feasible but a
high priority. The first two major plantings, after a series of test plots showing
feasibility, were done summer 1978. 40,000 Thalassia testudinum seedlings were put
in each of two sites with 4,000 plugs of Halodule wrightii. The Halodule wrightii
grew vigorously in all sites, as did Thalassia, with blades up to 18 cm, 4 roots per
plant up to cm two months after planting.
The support of the Dade County Water and Sewer Authority and the Dade Seaport is
gratefully acknowledged.
4:30 pm BSS-46 Pilinia earleae n. sp. from the Florida Gulf coast. SUSAN B.
GALLAGHER and HAROLD J. HUMM, Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg,
FL 33711 and Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Peters-
burg, FL 33701. Pilinia earleae (Chlorophyta, Chaetophorales, Chroolepidaceae) was
found in the Tampa Bay area of the Florida west coast in October, 1976, on the
tunic of an ascidian, later on dead mollusc shells, a nylon fishing line, plastic
strips, and as an epiphyte of Gracilaria foliifera, a red alga. It is described on
the basis of abundant material from the natural environment and laboratory cultures.
The type locality is the southernmost known for the genus in the western north
Atlantic ocean.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 28. 1979
Friday 2:30 pm Primera Casa 214
Session B: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR: II.
STEPHEN W. CARNEY, Connell, Metcalf, and Eddy, presiding
2:30 pm BSS-19 Patterns of Ossification in the Embryonic Chick's Columella.
S. A. BOHMER AND G. M. COHEN. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Fl 32901.
During embryonic and fetal development, the chick's columella (auditory ossicle)
transforms from cartilage to ossified bone. Until stage 40 (14th day) the columella
consists largely of hyaline cartilage. Then a zone of endochondral hypertrophi-
cation, the precursor of osseous tissue, appears immediately distal to the footplate
and is bordered distally and proximally by zones of proliferating cartilage. The
hypertrephication extends proximally into the footplate and distally along the
shaft. The osseous tissue forms vascularized sinuses centrally, which as red marrow
serve a hemopoietic function in the adult, and extends through the extracolumella.
By comparison, the extracolumella, which is attached to the tympanum distally and
the columella proximally, remains cartilaginous in the adult. Specimens were de-
calcified and embedded in paraffin; sections were selectively stained to reveal cell
and tissue types.
2:45 pm BSS-20 Cardiac Glycoside Storage in Two Species of Moths Occuring in
Florida. DAVID W. BLACK, South Florida Environmental Research Foundation, 11550
Southwest 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33156. A colorimetric assay based on 2,2',4,4'-tetra-
nitrodiphenyl was used to determine cardiac glycoside levels in adults of three
Species of moths that feed as larvae on the exotic ornamental shrub Nerium olean-
der L. Syntomeida epilais Walk. (Ctenuchidae) and Empyreuma pugione L. (Ctenuchidae)
were found to contain concentrations of cardiac glycosides greater than 10-5 moles
per gram dry weight. Such concentrations could afford protection against pre-
dation by birds. Composia fidelissima Bates (Pericopidae) lacked detectable cardiac
glycosides when reared on N. oleander. S. epilais was discovered to be feeding in
nature on a native vine, Urechites lutea (L.) Britt., which contains cardiac gly-
cosides. When reared on this native foodplant, the moths contain high concentra-
tions of cardiac glycosides.
3:00 pm BSS-21 Growth of Crocodile Hatchlings in South Florida Canals of Varying
Salinities. STEPHEN W. CARNEY, Connell Metcalf & Eddy, 1320 So. Dixie Highway,
Coral Gables, Florida 33134. Growth parameters of crocodile hatchlings (Crocodylus
acutus) have been measured for five months in a group of canals in south Florida.
During this period the average salinities in these canals ranged from 2.4 ppt ot
37.7 ppt. The relatively constant growth rates apparently are not affected by the
wide variation in ambient salinity. The monitoring of these animals is continuing.
3:15 pm BSS-22 physiological and Behavioral Responses to Social Stress in the
Bonnethead Shark scnyens tiburo. L. DRAPER, A. BEULIG AND J.DALEZMAN , ve Col
USF, Sarasota, FL 33580. Alterations in the behavior of sharks have ge me
an indication of stress in previous work. In this study, physiologica 1
investigated as a possible measure of stress and compared with emma
We observed the effects of group size on swimming speed and blood oe aee - = ae
Bonnetheads were captured by gillnet, acclimated for 2 weeks, then ee foe
as 6 isolates, 2 groups of 3, and a group of 6. Blood samples pon See
capture, prior to grouping, and after the six day experimental Aree : Se
indices were recorded 4 times daily for one-hour periods. Behaviora ene Gee 1
cate that isolation is the most stressful condition. iota showed me on
average swimming speed and greatest frequency of "climbing - Phy ie a
cators showed a significant group effect. Hematocrit decreased in the iso fe wh
group of six. The physiological measures corroborate the behavi ones pyc
reveal a significant effect of group size on stress in the Bonnethea .
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 29. 1979
3:30 pm BREAK
3:45 pm BSS-23 Behavioral Patterns of an Island-bound Colony of
Lemur catta: A Preliminary Study. BARBARA E. ROTHSTEIN, Crandon
Park Zoo, Key Biscayne, FL 33149. The behavioral repertoire of a
quasi-wild zoo colony of the ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta, is
being catalogued. The members of the colony show definite, pre-
dictable social patterns. Food sources provided by the zoo are
Onmfty partially utilized. The lemurs supplement this food with
island vegetation. Food habits are being studied by field obser-
vations and fecal analysis. Activity patterns show a modified
crepuscular pattern.
The author thanks the administrators and staff of the Crandon
Park Zoo for their support and encouragemnet.
4:00 pm BSS-24 A Method for Determination of Mutant Allelic Gene
Frequencies for Felis catus.ANDFEW S. MOUNT AND STEPHEN MONALOY,
University of Tampa, Box 14396, Tampa, FL 433606. The gene frequencies
for five mutant alleles were observed and calculated for 2 vonulation
of domestic cats in Burlington County, New Jersey. The study, due to
small sample size, made comparison to other vopulations unwarranted.
However, all observed alleles were found to be in concordance with
previous published data. A comprehensive and effective method of
Giagnosis and determination of mutant allelic frequencies was develovec
for the research.
Saturday 8:_v am Primera Casa 213
Session A: PLANT BIOLOGY
SHEILA D. BRACK-HANES, Eckerd College, presiding
8:30 am AGS-1 Yield and water use of selected vegetable crops with seep and drip
irrigation. A. A. CSIZINSZKY, Agricultural Research & Education Center, 5007-60th
St E, Bradenton, FL 33508. Experiments were conducted in the spring of 1978 to
compare the effect of seep and drip irrigation on the yield of broccoli, B. oleracea
var. italica cv. Green Comet Hybrid; sweet corn, Z. mays cv. Silver Queen and zuc-
chini squash, C. pepo cv. Seneca. Fertilizer rates were 15.37 kg of 18-0-25 and
5.53 kg of superphosphate per 100 row m in both irrigation systems. During their
respective Sache seasons broccoli received 759 1 of water per m2 in seep and
227 1 per mé in drip irrigation, sweet corn 1,025 1 per m2 and 357 1 per mé and
zucchini 1,131 1 per mé@ and 361 1 per m2. Yields of sweet corn and zucchini were
not significantly different. Broccoli had a significantly higher yield per plant
and yield per m2 of bed surface with seep irrigation. On a per kg of yield basis
the following amount of water was used: broccoli 2,020 1 in seep and 720 ‘i taedrep
irrigation, sweet corn 959 1 and 259 1, zucchini 251 1 and 60 1, respectively.
8:45 am BSS-25 Notes on Chapmannia floridana Torrey & Gray (Fabaceae).
ELIANE M. NORMAN, Dept. of Biology, Stetson University, DeLand, Fl 32720;
CHARLES R. GUNN, U.S.D.A., Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Beltsville, Md 20705; AND
J. STUART LASSETER, Dept. of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Ky
40475. Chapmannia Torrey and Gray, a monotypic legume endemic to Florida is
shown to have only perfect flowers, rather than sterile and fertile ones attributed
to the genus by most authors for the past one hundred and forty years. The species
will be described and illustrated, with accompanying notes on its habitat, dis-
tribution, reproductive biology, cytology and phylogeny.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 30. 1979
9:00 am BSS-26 Further investigations on the distribution of Stylosanthes hamata
L. (Taub.) in Florida. JOHN B. BROLMANN, Agricultural Research Center, P. 0. Box
248, Fort Pierce, Florida 33450. Stylosanthes hamata, a tropical legume was found
further north in Florida than previously reported. Ecotypes of different morphol-
ogy and with different chromosome number were found at various sites as far north
as Stuart. Two ecotypes grew well on flatwood soils at Fort Pierce. Most eco-
types grew on dune soils and have potential in preventing erosion in endangered
areas.
9:15 am BSS-27 Effect of Light Intensity on Growth of Baldcypress Seedlings.
JOAN A. BROWDER, B. MURPHY, AND P. SCHROEDER, South Florida Environmental Research
Foundation, 11550 SW 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33176. A study of baldcypress seedling
growth rates under different conditions of light intensity was performed to gain in-
Sight into the role of this species in succession in se US swamp forests. One hund-
red seedlings averaging 12.22cm in height from cotyledon at beginning of experiment
were separated into five different groups and exposed to 28, 32, 45, 80, and 100%
natural sunlight (NS) respectively for 92 days. Maximum average height increases
were achieved at 28 and 32% NS. Maximum average diameter and biomass increases oc-
curred at 80% NS. Greatest difference between treatment groups was seen in biomass
increase, which was 7.7X estimated original biomass at 28% NS and 11.6X estimated
original biomass at 80% NS. Results suggested that baldcypress is a "pioneer climax"
species, which is a species that will enter a stand in early successional stages
but will reproduce in its own shade,
9:30 am BSS-28 The Effects of Riboflavin Addition on the tkipme=
Induced Germination of Lettuce Seeds(Lactuca sativa var. Grand Rapids )
RAY MILLER, Florida Atlantic University, Dept. of Biological Ssemeneaar
Boca Raton, FL 33432. Light sensitive lettuce seeds were! ineubated
on Whatman #1 filter paper wetted with various concentrations of
riboflavin and exposed to various dosages.of blue, red, or far-red
light or placed in darkness. Increasing concentrations of ribertavam
and blue light dosage resulted in decreased germination. Inhibition
effects associated with riboflavin were overcome, to a marked degree,
by increasing dosages of red light. Possible explanations are
discussed:
9:45 am BSS-29 A new potential plant pest, exotic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.)
Hassk. TAYLOR R. ALEXANDER, 6900 S.W. 73 Court, Miami, FL 33143. Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa, locally called Downy Rose Myrtle, was reportedly introduced as a land-
scape plant to the Naples, FL area by Dr. Henry Nehrling, who started his horticul-
tural garden there in 1917. In the past several years the plant has undergone a
population explosion into the natural plant communities near Naples. Its invasion
potential in subtropical Florida appears to be comparable to that of Schinus
terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper) and Melaleuca quinquenervia (cajeput). The
extent of the invasion will be discussed.
10:00 am BSS-30 Suitability among 5 native or naturalized host plants as potential
refugia of citrus blackfly populations in southern Florida. BRYAN STEINBERG,
University of Florida ARC, 3205 SW 70 Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314. I
studied the survivorship of populations of the citrus blackfly on 5 species of native
or naturalized plants (Myrsine guianensis, Ardisia escallonioides, Ardisia solanacea,
Schinus terebinthifolius, Zanthoxylum fagara)in groups with and without a citrus
tree. Plant groups without a citrus tree were unable to support citrus blackfly
beyond 3 generations while those with a citrus tree were able to do so for at least
5 generations. Poor ovipositional attractiveness and low survival of immature citrus
blackfly on the native or naturalized plants are responsible for the results. It
appears that citrus blackfly will be able to sustain populations on native or
naturalized plants for only 3 generations unless infested by a citrus tree nearby.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) eae 1979
Saturday 9:00 am Primera Casa 214
Session B: LIMNOLOGY AND WETLANDS ECOLOGY
RICHARD L. TURNER, Florida Institute of Technology, presiding
9:00 am BSS-31 An Ecosystematic Analysis of Bruner's Sink, Osceola
rien ROBIN DB. HUCK,oP.0.: Box 2152, Satellite Beach, FL 32937.
Bruner's Sink, a cypress dome on the periphery of Jane Green Swamp in
central Florida, is dominated in the canopy by Taxodium_ ascendens with
an average dbh of 1 M and height of 48.8 M. In the subcanopy Magnolia
virginiana and Acer rubrum have the highest importance values while
the shrub layer is light but notable for the presence of Rhapido-
phyllum hystrix, a threatened species on the Endangered and Threatened
Michie, .S. Dept. of Int. The,inventory of vascular plants
totals 62 species, 13 of which are terrestial ferns which dominate the
herb layer. The discovery of this remnant stand, believed to be
virgin, suggests that under certain nutrient and moisture conditions,
without fire, cypress domes can develop into more complex layered
communities than are usually seen in the surrounding pinelands and
that T. ascendens can reach considerable size.
9:15 am BSS-32 Restoration and Revegetation of Exploratory Oil Well
Sites in the Wetlands of South Florida. KEVIN L. ERWIN, Florida De-
partment of Environmental Regulation, 2180 West First St., Suite 401,
Ft. Myers, Florida, 33901. Restoration Techniques and subsequent
revegetation are described for 3 abandoned oil well sites located with-
in the Lake Trafford/Corkscrew Marsh, Big Cypress Swamp, and Pumpkin
Bay/Ten Thousand Islands. Drilling site and access road restoration is
a permit condition required of all wetland facilities, by the Depart-
ment of Environmental Regulation and the Big Cypress Advisory Committee,
to reduce the long term adverse impacts on water quality and natural
resources. Generally, the natural revegetation of each site by
graminoids and herbs was in an advanced stage within 18 months of
completed site restoration. The limiting factor controlling the de-
gree of successful revegetation is that the natural ground elevation
be restored with a level contour.
9:30 am BSS-33 Littoral Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Lake Tarpon. LEONARD
F. BARTOS, Southwest Florida Water Management District, 5060 U. S. Highway 41
South, Brooksville, FL 33512. A four year study to investigate the effects of
lake level fluctuation on the limnology of Lake Tarpon included an analysis of
littoral zone benthic macroinvertebrates. No significant changes where attributable
to the fluctuating water levels. A significant change in the benthos did occur
from the introduction of Corbicula manilensis in 1975. An estuarine isopod (Munna
sp.) was collected sporadically. Distinct vertical distribution patterns within
the littoral zone were exhibited by the major benthic organisms.
9:45 am BSS-34 Factors affecting the vertical migration of zooplankton in Lake
Conway, Orlando, Florida. COMP, GARY S., AND THOMAS L. CRISMAN. Department of
Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
The diel migration patterns of zooplankton were investigated between December 1977
and November 1978. Monthly samples were collected at 1m depth intervals 7 times
over a 24 hour period. Upward migration began at sunset and continued through
midnight, when the zooplankton were evenly distributed throughout the water
column. Vertical migration was most pronounced during periods of lake stratifi-
cation. Migration appeared linked to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, degree
of stratification and food particle size and density.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 32. 1979
10:00 am BSS-35 Preliminary observations on the impact of acid precipitation on
the biota of Florida lakes. SCHULZE, RANDY L., AND THOMAS L. CRISMAN. Department
of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
Chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates were sampled
quarterly in 20 lakes (pH range 4.5-6.8) in northern and central Florida as part
of a continuing project investigating the effect of acid precipitation on the
chemistry and biology of Florida lakes. Of particular interest was the effect of
a regional decline in pH on the biotic species composition, community structure
and overall productivity of Florida lakes. The results of these investigations
will be useful in predicting the response of lacustrine ecosystems to a further
reduction in the pH of precipitation in the future.
10:15 am BSS-36 The Association of Chydorids (Cladocera) and Other Zooplankton
with Macrophytic Plants in the Littoral Zone of a Freshwater Lake. RHONDA K. EVANS,
1163 38th Street, Sarasota, Florida 33580. The abundance and composition. of
zooplankton associated with four types of macrophytic plants (Najas flexilis,
Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton zosteriformis/P. pectinatus, and Chara sp.) are
compared in order to gain an understanding of the total and relative abundances of
organisms and to determine the similarities and density relationships between each
community. Special attention has been paid to the species composition of the
Chydoridae (Cladocera).
10:30 am BREAK
10:45 am BSS-37 Lake Freshening and Fluctuation and Their Effects on the Vegeta-
tion of Lake Tarpon, Pinellas Co. T.F. ROCHOW, L.F. BARTOS AND W.D. COURSER, South-
west Florida Water Management District, 5060 U.S. Hwy. 41 S, Brooksville, FL 33512.
Freshening began on Lake Tarpon in 1969 after its estuarine connection was cut off.
In 1972 a five-year lake level fluctuation and drawdown schedule was implemented.
Biologists have completed 5 years of sampling vegetation and various water para-
meters. Eelgrass and overall vegetational coverage peaked soon after the study be-
gan presumably because of reduced salinity. Afterwards water hyacinths greatly pro-
liferated probably as a result of lake drawdown and the freshening trend; vegeta-
tional diversity also peaked at drawdown. For 2 1/2 years after peaking, vegeta-
tional cover dropped continuously to less than half its previous value. During the
last six months of the study, vegetational coverage turned sharply upward primarily
because of vigorous new eelgrass growth caused by an increase in water transparency.
11:00 am BSS-38 A Limnological Survey of Dade County Lakes. ROBERT L. POPE AND
PETER B. SCHROEDER, South Florida Environmental Research Foundation, 11550 S.W. 108
Ct., Miami, FL 33176. In 1969, a physical-chemical survey was made of 124 Dade
County rockpit lakes. In 1976, 72 of the same lakes were resampled. The purpose
was to provide baseline data for future studies on the change of quality of these
lakes. Parameters measured included alkalinity, Cl-, Cat*, Mgtt, Nat, Kt, SOQ,
total hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, percent shoreline development, and age.
Nitrite and Nitrate were included in the 1976 sampling program. Data are presented
on the mean and range for each parameter. Standard statistical methods were
applied to determine correlations between parameters. Although mean values were
higher in 1976, they are generally within the range of annual variation expected.
However, some lakes do show a marked change in character. In addition, comparisons
are made with selected lakes in north-central Florida.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 330 1979
11:15 am BSS-39 A Cluster Analysis Comparison of Dade County Rockpit Lakes of 1969
and 1976. PETER SCHROEDER AND R. POPE, South Florida Environmental Research Founda-
tion, 11550 SW 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33176. Various chemical and physical measurements
were made on 124 Dade County rockpit lakes during September 1969 by a volunteer team
of graduate students at the Department of Biology, University of Miami. Many of the
Same parameters were measured in 72 of the same lakes in September 1976 by a volun-
teer team from the Biology Department, Miami-Dade Community College South. In ad-
dition to standard statistical comparisons, the 1969 and 1976 data from the same
lakes were subjected to a multi-dimensional hyperspace distance program, which clus-
tered the lakes into groups and identified specific lakes as being representative.
In combination with the other types of statistical analysis, the clustering of the
lakes indicated long-term trends in lake water quality in Dade County.
Saturday 10:30 am Primera Casa 213
Session C: TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
TAYLOR R. ALEXANDER, University of Miami, presiding
10:30 am BSS-40 A.successional Survey of the Fire Climax Communities of
Myakka River State Park. LINDA L. MYTINGER, Environmental Studies Program, New
College, University of South Florida, Sarasota, FL 33580. Recovery rates of pine
and scrub flatwoods and palmetto prairie communities within the south Florida park
were studied in post fire time intervals of 1, 3, and 5 or more years. Two
dimensional representations of the data collected, through the use of both transect
and nested quadrat sampling methods, showed number of individuals, their height,
width, and spacial distribution, and species diversity. Comparisons of species
diversity, within and between community response, disturbance intensity and
frequency led to the conclusion that increased species diversity was a consequence
of continually changing conditions, e.g. fire. The "classical" concept of a
climax community as an area which maintains high species diversity as a result of
equilibrium conditions is discussed.
10:45 am BSS-41 Changes in vegetation following short-term pertur-
bations. RONALD H. HOFSTETTER AND TAYLOR R. ALEXANDER, Department of
Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124. The nature of
the changes in vegetation in several natural plant communities
following short-term impacts, e.g. fires in the early 1970's and the
freeze of January 1977 in southern Florida are described. The role
of such changes in determining the present and future nature of
natural communities is discussed.
11:00 am BSS-42 Tropical Hardwood Hammocks of the Big Cypress National Preserve.
DAVID W BLACK AND SALLY BLACK, South Florida Environmental Research Foundation,
11550 Southwest 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33156. In the course of obtaining baseline
information for long term vegetation studies of nlots in the Big Cypress National
Preserve twenty tropical hardwood hammocks were visited and studies. Information
Was gathered on tree species present, relative frequencies, and maximum sizes ob-
served. This study produced range extensions for several tree species and document-
ed the locations of many valuable hammocks in the newly established preserve. Dam-
age to hammocks was observed to be the result of fires and the activities of
hunters and indians. ¥
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 34. 1979
11:15 am BSS-43 The Utilization of Melaleuca quinquenervia Hammocks by Native
South Florida Small Mammals and Description of Their Population Dynamics.
WITOLD OSTRENKO, B. ROTHSTEIN and F. MAZZOTTI, Museum of Science, 3280 South
Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33129. Five different melaleuca habitats were trapped:
(1) mature forest-like melaleuca stand, (2) denser, younger trees, (3) dense
saplings, (4) open canopy-mixed graminoid community, (5) graminoid community.
Peromyscus Jossypinus es most often (2.3/ha) in the mature melaleuca forest
and were never found in dense saplings. Sigmodon hispidus was found only in the
open canopy (109/ha) and graminoid community (80/ha). Oryzomys atuatee the
rice rat, was found in small numbers (49/ha) in each of the habitats and was most
active in the wet season, while Sigmodon and Peromyscus went regionally extinct
and reappeared during the dry season. Food selection by Peromyscus and Sigmodon
was studied, using various parts of melaleuca and associate plant species.
total of 21 animal species have been found in association with habitat (1),
including 16 vertebrate and 5 invertebrate species.
11:30 am BSS-44 Computer Simulation of a Heron Colony and its Invasion by Cattle
Egrets. JOAN A. BROWDER AND P. SCHROEDER, South Florida Environmental Research
Foundation, 11550 SW 108 Ct., Miami, FL 33176. A computer model simulates nesting
success, emigration, and population expansion of a heron colony in which number of
birds is limited by the carrying capacity of the feeding area. Nesting success in
the model is affected by general mortality and predation from the edge of the colony.
Predation is treated as an exponential function of the ratio of the circumference of
the colony to its area. Emigration is a function of population size relative to car-
rying capacity. The model is extended to demonstrate the evolutionary advantage of
mixed colonies of species that do not compete for the same food source by simulating
the invasion of a native heron colony by Cattle Egrets. The model predicts that the
invasion of small colonies of native herons by Cattle Egrets will increase the dis-
persion rate of native heron fledglings.
11:45 am AGS-2 Biomass Energy from Eucalyptus grandis and Melaleuca quinquenervia
in South Florida. THOMAS F. GEARY AND JOSEPH R. SAUCIER, USDA Forest Service,
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Box 938, Lehigh Acres, FL 33936. In south
Florida, E. grandis, an Australian tree, grows rapidly in plantations (6.7 oven dry
metric tons/ha/yr is typical). M. quinquenervia, another Australian tree, invades
wetlands--naturally regenerating stands may become abundant. These trees could be a
substitute fuel for imported oil. However, bulk wood is costly to transport, and
local boilers cannot burn it directly. Pyrolysis converts wood into clean burning
fuels--charcoal, oil, and gas. Charcoal and oil are easy to transport and store.
Charcoal can be pulverized and slurried with oil for use in oil burners. The gas
must be used on the production site. The Georgia Institute of Technology, under a
U.S. Forest Service contract, pyrolyzed the two species in a pilot plant. Seventy
percent of the input E. grandis energy was recovered as charcoal and oil, and 212
as volatile oil and gas; 74% of M. quinquenervia energy went into charcoal and oil,
and 18% into volatile oil and gas.
ENGINEERING SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
;
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 35. 1979
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 244
DAVID R. JENKINS, Center for Building Technology, NEL, and University
of Central Florida, Orlando, presiding
9:00 am ES-1 REDUCTION PROCESS of HEMATITE (RED OCHRE) with CHARCOAL.
PRANCIS J. LECZNAR, 63%2 S.W. 10 St. POMPANO, F1 33068. The ratio of
influence of such factors as temperature, porosity and the time of
reduction of soft hematite,reduced with charcoal to magnetite has been
estabdilished : the time is directly proportional to the radius of the
grein end inversely to the temperature end porosity. The depth of the
reduced leyer increases with decrease in the radius of grain. The
reduced volume is proportional to the surface area of the grain.
Phenomens of the topochemical reactions of cylindrical samples are
thusly expleined : it seems that the oxygem ions are attractively
running slong the straight lines during the oxidation of Fe to FeO
with simultaneous reduction of res to Fe Oe °
3
9:15 am ES-2 Methanol Combustion Utilizing Electrostatic Atomization. S. C.
KRANC, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
Methanol is frequently suggested as an attractive and viable alternate fuel. Experi-
ments have been conducted to demonstrate that methanol can be successfully atomized
and mixed with air prior to combustion by electrostatic disruption of the liquid
fuel. This is accomplised by using a high voltage (10-20 KVDC) field at a fine
nozzle. Two types of burners have been developed. In one the air is naturally
aspirated from the side and in the second the spray is injected into a fast stream
and stabilized by a bluff body. The performance of each is discussed and some
measurements of burner characteristics are reported.
ES-3 The Fconomics of Automated Energy Management Systems of. State
buiidings in Florida. ROBERT D. VOERING AND YASSER A. HOSNI, College of Engineering,
Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, Box 25000, Fl. 32816. This paper presents the
results of a study sponsored by the Florida State Energy Office to investigate the
feasibility of retrofit installation of Energy Management Systems in all State bldgs,
Initially all buildings were categorized by major functional area, Universities
Community Colleges, Office Buildings, Health and Rehabilitative Services and Correc-
tional Institutions. All buildings were then successively screened to identify the
most promising candidates for EMS. Evaluation criteria included profile of energy
usage, physical suitability of facilities for installation of EMS and life cycle
cost of proposed installations. The primary screening analysis was on the basis of
economics. To be recommended a candidate project had to have an LCC payback period
of less than the estimated life of the facility. The LCC model incorporated proj-
ected escalation of fuel cost, inflation factors and interest rate. A sensitivity
analysis was performed to identify the most critical variables in the economic analy$is
9:30 am ES-3
9:45 am ES-4 Energy Conservation Through Landscaping: A Case Study. DANNY
PARKER, MONA SULLIVAN AND JOHN H. PARKER, Physical Science Dept., Florida Inter-
national University, Miami, FL 33199. Air conditioning is now the largest single
end-use of energy in Florida residences. The reduction in energy used for air con-
ditioning that can result from maximally efficient landscaping has been investigat-
ed. This study has examined alternate vegetative landscape designs which (1)
modify microclimates through evapotranspiration and optimal shade patterns, (2) min-
imize air infiltration, and (3) minimize indirect energy inputs of fertilizers,
pesticides and water. These design concepts have been applied in the landscaping
of a mobile home in South Florida. A detailed energy analysis of the mobile home
was conducted before and after the landscaping utilizing infrared thermography,
temperature and head-load profiles, and electrical consumption patterns in order to
quantify the reduction in energy consumed in air conditioning. The study indicates
that precision landscaping can be a cost-effective energy conservation measure.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 36. 1979
10:00 am ES-5 Is Advanced Technology a Problem Solver or a Problem Creator?
FLORA C. WANG, Center for Wetlands, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
There is much concern in the world today with the evaluation of environmental, econ-
omical, and ecological impacts in engineering planning of public works. A real typ-
ical case is the Aswan High Dam of the Egyptian Nile, a modern engineering wonder
embodying the best engineering planning, design and construction. More importantly,
the dam fills a vital need of 35 million people. Viewed from ecological aspects,
the High Dam is a mixed blessing. Of the dam's three primary goals: irrigation,
hydropower and flood protection, only the last has been met. The dam has robbed
Egypt of 50 million-tons of rich fertile silt deposited annually by Nile floods.
Since the Nile no longer flushes clean, there is an increase in snail-carried dis-
ease, biharzia. Also, sardines, formerly found in the Mediterranean shoals at the
Nile's mouth have migrated to deeper waters due to the loss of flood-borne nutrition
Many expected and unexpected problems exist; therefore, has adequate progress been
made when we are now facing more complex problems created by our high technology?
10:15 am BREAK
10:30 am ES-6° Effluent Irrigation of Corn at Two Row Spacings. A. R. OVERMAN,
Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown for silage at row spacings of 36 in. (0.90 m) and 18
in. (0.45 m) on Lakeland fine sand using secondary municipal effluent. Irrigation
rates were 2 in./week to 8 in./week (50 mm/week to 200 mm/week). Yields and nutri-
ent uptake increased with application rate, while dry matter content and nutrient
content remained essentially constant. Dry matter yields were about the same for
the two row spacings, while nutrient uptake was slightly higher for the narrow rows.
Agreement was observed between these results and from 1972 using a different variety
at the same site.
10:45 am ES-7 Stress Intensities of Dental Blade Implants by Scattered Light
Photoelasticity. David R. Jenkins, College of Engineering, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Fl. 32816. Thomas E. Gordon Jr., D.D.S., 550 Bumby
Ave., Orlando, Fl. 32801. Results from scattered light photoelastic stress
determinations for titanium blade implants in simulated supporting peridontal
structures are reported. Maximum principal stress differences for three blade
designs are compared. Implants embedded in ployester resin were subjected to both
direct and angle loading and regions of large principal stress difference identified.
The technique is proposed as a method for comparing and evaluating, in a prelimary
way, various blade configurations since designs which induce large local stress
might be expected to loosen as the peridontal materials responds to the elevated
stresses.
11:00 am ES-8 Microprocessor Controlled Automation of the Winkler Titration.
J. S. BRUSHWOOD AND J. A. LLEWELLYN, University of South Florida, College of
Engineering, Energy Conversion and Mechanical Design Department, Tampa, FL 33620.
The most demanding step in the standard Winkler method for determination of dissolved
oxygen is probably the titration. This procedure requires skill in normal laboratory
conditions and can present a challenge to the analyst in a seaborne environment.
As the first step in development of a totally automated system, we have developed
a microprocessor controlled titration apparatus. The endpoint is sensed ampero-
metrically and titration controlled by an automated microburette. Strategies
for data logging and data manipulation processes, including smoothing and endpoint
decision techniques, will be presented. Results from different algorithmic
approaches are tested and compared. Possible extensions to electrolytic reagent
generation will also be discussed.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 37. 1979
11:15 am ES-9 The Utilization of Stepper Motors in Microcomputer Controlled
Ao»lications. R. J. DIAZ, D. O. HAMLIN, AND J. A. LLEWELLYN, University of South.
Florida, College of Engineering, Energy Conversion and Mechanical Design Department ,
Tampa FL 33620. The stepper motor is inherently well suited for microcomputer
controlled applications due to its discrete method of operation. This paper will
follow the development of a microprocessor controlled precision injection device
which utilizes stepper motors as the prime movers. The motor selection parameters,
Nerformance characteristics, and software and hardware requirements will be cxamined.
11-30 am £S-10 Performance of a Computer Controlled Microgasometric System.
W. J PRUDENTE AND J. A. LLEWELLYN, University of South Florida, College of
Engineering. Energy Conversion and Mechanical Design Department, Tampa, FL 32620.
A microgasometric apparatus presents a convenient and highly sensitive way of
studying the oxidation of hydrocarbons. This paper will discuss the analysis
and performance of a computer controlled system which has been designed to facilitate
the evaluation of catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation. Sensitivity analysis and
data on comparable manual and automatic systems measurements will be presented
together with error budget evaluations.
Friday 11:45 am Business Meeting of the Engineering Section
Note: The following two papers were late and will be given at. the close of the
Business Meeting or as replacements as time permits.
ES-11 Community Level Water Management Planning Tool. MICHAEL I. MUIGA,
Assistant Professor of Engineering, University of Central Florida, CEES Department,
Orlando, FL 32816. Increasing urbanization can have great effect on water quality
and quantity in a community. Many decisions are made regarding water management with-
out involvement of the community concerned. Policies and decision making must be im-
proved to -eachieve more effect so water management at community level if chronic and
acute risk of water quality and quantity is to be prevented. There is therefore need
to develop methodologies and alternatives which integrate socio-economic, environmen-
tal, technological and other related community factors in the water management stra-
tegies at the community level. A water management tool for decision makers at com-
munity level is the discussion of this paper.
ES-12 Community Health Analysis for Less Developed Countries. MICHAEL
I. MUIGA, Assistant Professor of Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
FL 32816. Frequently sanitary engineers, public health administrators and health
planners from Developed Countries (DC's) are called upon to serve as consultants in
Less Developed Countries (LDC's). Analyzing and developing community managerial
health alternatives is not an easy task for LDC's due to the shortage of historical
data. Hence, it is necessary to stratify the available community socio-economic and
other related components to provide data for developing community health planning
tool. This planning tool does not replace the engineer or health planner but rather
it allows consultants performing service in LDC's to concentrate their analysis and
experience on the identified community health analysis alternatives in the most ef-
fective way. The approach in this paper is an aid to planners and engineers in
using a system approach in identifying all the major alternatives in community health
analysis in LDC's.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 38. 1979
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on the
Florida Shelf.
Thursday 9:00 pm ACADEMY SOCIAL HOUR Anthenium Walkway
ALEXANDER PADVA, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Inc., Port Charlotte, presiding
Friday 9:00 am Owa Ehan 101
9:00 ECS-1 Seasonal Occurrence of Trace Metals in the Miami River and
Surrounding Shallow Aquifer. FRED W. CURTIS, JR., Drinking Water Quality Research
Center, Florida International University, Tamiami Trail, Miami, FL 33199. Water
samples were collected from the Miami River and adjacent test wells of varying
depth and distance from the river. Analysis was performed using atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. The sampling and analysis were conducted monthly from September
1978 through February 1979, which included portions of both the wet and dry seasons
locally. Levels of trace metals found under differing hydrologic conditions offer
some measure of aquifer-surface water interaction.
9:20 ECS-2 Lake Tarpon: Quantitative prediction of time necessary to
achieve potability. P.M. DOORIS AND L.F. BARTOS. Southwest Florida Water Manage-
ment District, 5060 U.S. Hwy. 41 So. Brooksville, Fl. 33512. The equations of
Lerman and Brunskill describing ion fluxes between lake sediment and water were
adapted for use in the Lake Tarpon system. Provisional water and chloride budgets
were prepared. Estimates were made of the time required for the sediment-dependent
chloride concentration of lake water to achieve a mean of 200 mg/1, well within
the quality criteria for potable water.
9:40 ECS-3 Oxygen Consumption by Iron-Organic Matter Interactions in Colored
Waters of Florida. Carl J. Miles, Black Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville,
FL 32611. Watural colored waters from various Florida sites were collected to study
a metal-organic interaction believed to be responsible for low dissolved oxygen con-
centrations in humic colored surface waters. Oxygen concentration was measured
periodically on samples incubated in the light and dark by the Winkler titration.
Oxygen consumption rates to 1.1 x 1076 mole/hr in the light were observed. Factors
increasing this rate were increasing iron concentration, pH, or light intensity.
Model organic compounds resembling natural organics were selected and oxygen con-.
sumption rates measured in iron spiked solutions. Carboxylic and some amino acids
showed significant rates in light incubated samples. Esterification of the carbo-
xylic groups in natural organics reduced the oxygen consumption rate. Reduction anc
oxidation of iron was observed in the presence of various model and natural orga-
nics and reduction was accelerated by irradiation with light. A possible overall]
reaction scheme is discussed.
10:00 ECS-4 Molecular Size Correlation of Natural Organics with Heavy Metals
and Precursors of Halogenated Methyl Groups. JALIL FOUROOZI, W.H. ANDERSON, AND
JAMES S. TAYLOR, University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816.
Natural occuring organics present in Lake Washington, a potable water source for 4
approximately_125,000, were fractionated in molecular size distributions of 103, 10°"
DD ox 10s 10° and 10°, Each of these fractionations was analyzed for color & TTHM
precursors using a 48 hour contact time and heavy metal concentrations before and
after treatment by magnesium coagulation. Preliminary results indicate that all co-
lor is produced by fractions with molecular sizes of 25,000 or greater. Magnes-—
ium coagulation removed 75-80% of the initial color and 75-80% of the organic car-
bon. This research was supported by the Engineering Industrial Experiment Station,
College of Engineering, University of Central Florida. “7.
Florida Scientist (Suppl.) 39. 1979
10:20 am BREAK
10:30 am Business meeting of the Environmental Chemistry Section jointly
with the Environmental Affairs Committee.
11:00 #£ECS-5 Emanating Power of Phosphate Materials*. BRUCE J. BUTLER,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611. In past years, a great deal of
research has gone into the possible radiological hazards of phosphate mining
operations. The gas, radon-222, is a potential radiological airborne hazard and
is generated by radium-226 found in phosphate ore. Emanation power is that frac-
tion of the trapped radon which escapes from the particles. Determining the
emanating power of a particular material is the first parameter used in predict-
ing the radon concentration in nearby air. The parameters which determine the
emanating power are radium concentration and particle size. The land types cur-
rently under investigation are clays, debris, sand tailings and overburden. Man-
made materials include slag and gypsum. All of these have been investigated.
An average experimental value of emanating power can be assigned to only the man-
altered materials--clays, sand tailings and debris.
*Work supported by the Florida Phosphate Council.
11:20 ECS-6 A Model of Rn-222 and Its Long-lived Daughter Isotope,
Pb-210, Transport in the Troposphere. HOWARD MOORE, Florida Inter-
national University, Miami, FL 33199. Published attempts to use
radon and radon daughter concentration data to calculate the mean
residence time of aerosols in the atmosphere have depended on the
particular pair of isotopes used. Estimates vary from 1 day to 1
month. A two dimensional model which allows concentrations of these
isotopes in the troposphere is presented. The model indicates a mean
tropospheric aerosol residence time of approximately 4 days.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
2:00 ECS-7 Responses of Chlorella and Selenastrum to Urban Runoff in Lake Eola.
HARVEY H. HARPER, YOUSEF A. YOUSEF, AND MARTIN P. WANIELISTA, Department of Civil En-
gineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
32816. The U.S. EPA sponsored a research project to determine Lake Eola impacts of
pollutants in stormwater runoff. Periodical water samples are being collected from
various locations in the lake, mixed and filtered through 0.45 u millipore filters for
limiting nutrient studies. Various concentrations of N, P, Fe were added and the
change in chlorophyll "a" using in vivo florescence techniques are measured. Also,
algal production in mixtures of stormwater and lake water at various ratios are being
studied. Unialgal species of green algae Chlorella and Selenastrum are used.
Initial results indicate that phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient.
Also, stormwater added to lake water in a ratio up to 1:3, would significantly in-
crease the productivity. Higher concentrations of stormwater would inhibit the algal
production. The impact of base flow and stormwater runoff from storm drains on var-
ious algal species will be investigated.
2:20 ECS-8 Affinity of Roadside Soils for Lead, Zinc, and Chromium. JOHN H.
BELL AND MARTIN P. WANIELISTA, University of Central Florida, CEES Department, P.O.
Box 25,000; Orlando, FL 32816. Fhe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the abil-
ity of highway soils to retain lead, zinc and chromium and to document some of the
soil properties and reactions which are responsible for this ability. This was done
by laboratory analysis of "in-situ" soils from the right-of-way area of 5 Central
Florida highways. The samples were analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity, or-
ganic matter content, grain size, and concentration of lead, zinc, and chromium.
Samples were fractionated by density for metal analysis revealing the importance of
soil components and/or heavy metal interactions. Metal retention was improved in
areas where organic matter was present and overland flow was allowed.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 40. 1979
2:40 ECS - 9 A Kinetic Model of Phosphorus Exchange in a Batch Reactor. A. R.
OVERMAN AND R. L. CHU, Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611. A model was developed which included Langmuir absorption
coupled with a first order chemical reaction. The system fitted within the frame-
work of heterogeneous catalysis. Steady state experiments in a batch reactor were
described very well by Langmuir-Hirshelwood kinetics. The maximum rate of reaction
Showed a linear correlation with the amount of soil in the reactor.
3:00 ECS-10 Column Chromatography of Icthyotoxins Obtained from
Gymnodinium breve Extracts. MICHAEL G. HEYL, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City
Island Park, Sarasota, Fl. 33577. For many years researchers have been using
chromatographic techniques to isolate toxic components from G. breve extracts.
At least a dozen different purification schemes have been published in the last
10 years, although the majority of workers have adopted an initial chloroform
or diethylether extraction. Recent work in our lab compared nine solvents
and three common column chromatography supports for the relative elution
efficiency of toxins contained in the crude chloroform extract. Results
discussed herein indicate that the toxins are very polar in nature, Suggesting
a reevaluation of extraction techniques may be in order. Several alternatives
to chloroform or diethyl ether extraction will be discussed.
3:20 BREAK
3:30 ECS-11 Agricultural Sources of Nonpoint Pollution on Coastal Plain Soils.
A. 8B. BOTTCHER AND L. B. BALDWIN, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. A review of studies which described the impact of
animal density, fertilization, irrigation and other agricultural practices on stream
water quality was made. Major problem areas were identified and abatement procedures
discussed.
3:50 ECS-412 Residues of the Pesticides Acephate and Methamidophos
used for Insect Control in Southern Florida. G.E. FITZPARRICK,* Une
versity of Florida Agricultural Research Center, 3205 SW 70 Ave.,
Ft. Lauderdale, FL. 33314. Pesticide levels in dooryard Citrus spp.
foliage attributable to the State-Federal citrus blackfly program
were evaluated in 2 line transects, each 1.8 KM in length, in Pompano
Beach, FL. A total of 18 trees in the 2 transects were sampled at
2-week intervals before, during, and after the pesticide application
period. Samples were analyzed by temperature-programmed gas chrom-
atography. Within one day after a single application residues as
high as 302.5 ppm acephate and 15.8 ppm methamidophos were detected.
However, there was rapid disappearance of the 2 toxicants from the
foliage. Residues ranged at or below 1 ppm for both compounds with-
in 30 days after the last of a series of 3 treatments.
4:10 ECS-13 Heavy Metal Concentration in mid-Biscayne Bay Sediments.
ROBERT M. JUDGE AND FRED C. CURTIS, School of Technology, Florida International
University, Tamiami Trail, Miami, FL 33199. Sediment samples were collected
from the mid-bay area and tested for the heavy metals cadmium, lead, mercury and
zinc. In addition, 9 samples were collected along the Intracoastal Waterway
from the northern to the southern end of the bay. The concentration of metals
showed no significant difference between the northern and southern samples.
The data collected do not support a currently popular belief that the north
bay is highly polluted by man's activities while the south bay is unpolluted
and in a virtually natural state.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 41. 1979
GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 246
HYDROLOGY
WALTER SCHMIDT, Florida Bureau of Geology, Tallahassee, presiding
9:00 am GHS-1 Implementation of the President's Water Policy Initiatives
Thomas J. Buchanan, U.S. Geological Survey, 441 National Center, Reston, Virginia
22092. President Carter announced his water-policy initiatives on June 6, 1978.
They include improved planning and efficient management of Federal water-resources
programs, a new national emphasis on water conservation, enhanced Federal/State
cooperation in water policy and in planning, and increased attention to environ-
mental quality. As a result of Presidential directives, 19 interagency task
forces have been set up to provide a mechanism for implementation of the water-
policy initiatives under the Secretary of the Interior. The task forces are
addressing improvements to the principles and standards for water-resources
planning, project review, water conservation, technical assistance, water
rights, non-structural flood control, flood-plain management, ground-water
supply, and instream flow. Implementation is planned as an open process
which actively seeks and effectively uses State and public participation.
9:15 am GHS-2 Marsh Area Effect on Water Budget Computation in Lake
Okeechobee. S. F. SHIH, University of Florida, Agricultural Research and
Education Center, Belle Glade, FL 33430. Lake Okeechobee in Florida is the second
largest fresh water lake in the United States. This lake is a main source of water
supply to south Florida. Unfortunately, the volume of lake storage seems question-
able. According to the records shown in the Corps of Engineers' water budget
computation, the lake has indicated a deviation of accumulated three and a half feet
of storage as compared to the record of storage based on the recorded stage changes
during the period 1972-74. Consequently, a study was initiated to investigate the
possible errors involved. Two methods were used to compute the water balance for
the lake. Method 1 is a simple arithmetical technique, and method 2 is a Thiessen
polygon procedure. Two cases of with and without considering the marsh area within
the lake were compared in each method. The results showed that the methods 1 and 2
did not give significant difference, but the case with marsh area consideration can
reduce the error about 50 percent.
_ Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 42, 1979
9:30 am GHS-3 Agricultural Irrigation Water Use During Drought Periods
in the Suwannee River Water Management District. RICHARD J. MUSGROVE
and JOHN L. SHOEMYEN, Suwannee River Water Management District, P. O.
Drawer K, White Springs, FL 32096. The Suwannee River Water Management
District, located in northern Florida, experienced droughts during 1977
and 1978. Little or no rainfall occurred during critical plant growth
periods. Data collected through a complete field survey in 1978 re-
vealed sharp increases in irrigation water use due to high pumpage rates
and an influx of new systems. Some 225 of the 930 systems in the
District were installed during the 1977-1978 period. Comparisions of
evapotranspiration rates by several methods indicate water consumption
rates that approach 100% for irrigated row crops. Irrigation system
efficiencies show additional losses. Random sampling techniques will
be used to monitor the growth in irrigation. Crop water demand models
for the District are being developed.
9:45 am GHS-4 Analytical Techniques for Estimating Evapo-transpiration from
Melaleuca quinquenervia Stands. STEVE WOODALL, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Re-
Sources Lab., P.0. Box 938, Lehigh Acres, FL 33936. Estimates of evapo-transpIira-
tion based on diurnal fluctuations of groundwater in single observation wells are
discussed in relation to atmospheric parameters, foliar canopy characteristics, and
areal hydrology. Comparisons between melaleuca and other vegetation types are pre-
sented. Emphasis is given to the dangers of extrapolating from seedling lysimeters,
and to the site requirements for a definitive quantitative study. (Financtal assist-
ance for this work from the Florida Diyision of Forestry's melaleuca research pro-
gram is acknowledged. )
10:00 am BREAK
10:15 am GHS-5 An Evaluation of a Spray Irrigation Site, Tampa, Florida. JON E.
SHAW AND SAM B. UPCHURCH, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. A 93
acre spray irrigation field in Tampa, FL receives chlorinated secondary effluent at
the rate of approximately 2.2 mgd. Poorly organized waste plumes have developed
within the site due to the heterogeneity of the regolith. The heterogeneity re-
sults from irregular karst features, changes in grain size and permeability, changes
in adsorptive capacity, and soil plugging by Al and Fe hydroxides. Two dimensional
cross sections show chlorides to have a maximum amount of dispersal, nitrates a
minimal amount, and phosphate a minimal amount of movement. These ions continue to
increase in concentration as plugging occurs. 3
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 43... 1979
10:30 am GHS-6 An Electrical Resistivity Study to Locate the Saltwater-Freshwater
Interface in Coastal Citrus County, Florida. JUDY D. FRETWELL, U. S. Geological
Survey, Suite B-5, 4710 Eisenhower Blvd., Tampa, FL 33614. Vertical electrical sound-
ings were made in the gulf coast area of Citrus County, Fla., to locate the saltwater-
freshwater interface and to determine the feasibility of using this method to locate
future chloride monitor-well sites. The results also provide a baseline from which
future movement of the interface can be determined. Four geoelectric layers dominate
the study area. Three are associated with stratigraphic layers while the fourth cor-
responds to a zone of highly conductive saline water. Sites closest to the Gulf show-
ed fewer geoelectric layers due to shallow saline water. Results of the resistivity
study correlated well with geohydrologic data. Depths to the interface, based on
resistivity measurements at sounding sites, were found to be similar to those depths
obtained by applying the Ghyben-Herzberg principle at nearby sites. On the basis of
this study, electrical resistivity could provide a guide for the placement of future
monitor wells.
10:45 am GHS-7 Variation in pH of Ground-Water Samples Collected with Centrifugal
and Peristaltic Pumps. MARIO FERNANDEZ, JR., U. S. Geological Survey, Suite B-5,
4710 Eisenhower Blvd., Tampa, Fla., 33614. The effects of sampling techniques on
the hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) in ground-water samples were compared with those
of samples collected with a centrifugal pump and those from a portable peristaltic
pump. Most pH measurements of samples collected with the centrifugal pump were 0.1
to 0.8 pH units greater than those collected with the peristaltic pump. The dif-
ferences are probably due to degassing of samples when the centrifugal pump is used.
Thus, values of ground-water pH obtained with a peristaltic pump are considered more
reliable.
11:00 am GHS-8 Mapping the upper surface of the Floridan aquifer-Northwest
Florida. THOMAS KWADER, Northwest Florida Water Management District, Route l,
Box 3100, Havana, FL 32333. The Floridan aquifer is the main source of water for
industrial, agricultural, municipal, and domestic supplies in northwest Florida.
A map depicting the upper surface of the aquifer for northwest Florida has recently
been completed. In this area the aquifer consists of an off lap of tertiary lime-
stones and dolomites ranging in age from middle Eocene to Pliocene (deposited 45
to 1.5 million years ago), and the overlying permeable sediments of younger ages
which are in contact with the carbonate rocks. Most of the data used were obtained
from well cuttings and cores described and filed at the Florida Bureau of Geology.
Lithologic descriptions also were correlated with numerous borehole geophysical logs
on file at the Northwest Florida Water Management District and the United States
Geological Survey. Over 600 data points were contoured in the final map with the
aid of the U. S. Geological Survey 2-D Cal-Comp contouring program.
11:30 am Business Meeting of the Geology and Hydrology Section
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 2:00 pm Primera Casa 246
GEOLOGY
SAMUEL B. UPCHURCH, Geology Dept., University of South Florida, presiding
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 44, 1979
2:00 pm GHS-9 Biotic and Abiotic Parameters Affecting Diversity in Modern and
Ancient Benthic Diatom Assemblages of Florida. DAVID DEFELICE, Dept. Geology, FSU,
Tallahassee, FL 32306, & GEORGE LYNTS, Dept. Geology, Duke Univ., Durham, N.C.27708.
Study of benthic diatom communities in Florida Bay reveals that diversity In living
diatom populations is a function of several biotic and abiotic parameters. Among
the most important of these parameters is substrate, light quality, sediment parti-
cle size, and distance from land. Examination of a core recovered from Florida Bay
shows that although diatoms are quite common in surface sediment, they are absent
immediately below the surface horizon, leaving sponge spicules as the only siliceous
biogenic components in the sediment. Florida Bay, as a shallow water carbonate en-
vironment, is extremely undersaturated with respect to silica in the water column
and at the sediment-water interface. It is believed that diatoms dissolve almost Im
mediately after death, allowing for quick recycling and reutilization of silica in
a silica starved environment. Rapid dissolution and recycling would subsequently
impede any accumulation of dissolved silica in interstitial pore waters.
2:15 pm GHS-10 Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of the Neogene in Bay County,
Florida. MURLENE WIGGS, Dept. of Geology, FSU, Tallahassee, FL 32306, and WALTER
SCHMIDT, Florida Bureau of Geology, 903 W. Tennessee St., Tallahassee, FL 32304.
Bay County is located in the south central part of the Florida panhandle. Paleo-
environmentally, Bay County represents a transition zone between the shallow marine
sediments exposed in the northern part of the county, and the deeper marine carbon-
ates present along the coast. In addition, the Tertiary section expands and
plunges eastward toward the Apalachicola Embayment. Previous studies in Walton
County (west of Bay County) have shown that the Alum Bluff and Choctawhatchee
Stages and the Jackson Bluff Formation grade contemporaneously downdip into a se-
quence of Neogene carbonates called the Coastal Group. Recent examination of well
cuttings and cores has revealed that this is also true in Bay County. The presence
of a prolific microfauna (mostly foraminifera) within the Coastal Group enables the
time of deposition of these units to be established as Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene.
It.also aids in the correlation of these formations withothers in the Florida panhandle.
2:30 pm GHS-1]1 Paleoecology of, the Prinecrest Sand Member, Upper Tamiami Forma-
tion, Sarasota County, Florida. RICHARD L. HUMMELL AND TAYLOR V. MAYOU, University
of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Paleoecologic studies of the Pinecrest Sand
Member at Warren Brothers Newburn Road Shell Pit, Sarasota, indicates a shift from
a cold water to a warm water fauna during Pinecrest time. The Pinecrest Sand are ~
characteristically a grey, unconsolidated, locally fossiliferous, clayey sand. In
the study area, the unit represents intertidal and near shore deposition within a
broad barrier island-estuary complex. Mixed fossil communities preserved in the
south wall of the pit have been transported locally, however the vertical sequence
of fossils indicates a shift from a cold water to a warm water fauna. About 1/4
mile north, newly exposed areas within the pit contains in-place communities,
mainly Ostrea haitensis biostromes and a Vermicularia woodringi reef. These in-situ
communities show the same general faunal shift as seen in the south wall by trans-
ported fossils.
2:45 pm GHS-12
Future Oil Potential of the Lower Cretaceous Sunniland Formation
in South Florida. A. V. Applegate, F. A. Pontigo, Jr., and J. H. Rooke, 903 West
Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32304. The south Florida basin from which
hydrocarbon is produced out of the Sunniland Formation, is relatively unexplored
compared to the other producing areas in the continental United States. In the
period from 1943 through 1977, 161 wildcats were drilled to the Sunniland Formation |
or deeper resulting in the discovery of ten oil fields with original oil in place |
that the productive trend is restricted to a narrow belt trending NW-SE from |
Collier to Dade counties. In general, the hydrocarbon generating potential of
the Sunniland Formation grades from poor in the updip (NE) wells to very good to |
excellent in the dowdip (SW) wells.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) Le 1979
3:00 pm BREAK
3:15 pm GHS-13 Tufa Deposits in Warm Mineral Springs, Florida, (archeological
site 8S019). HARVEY |. SCHNEIDER, Dept. of Geology, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, FL 32306, W.A. COCKRELL, and LARRY MURPHY, Underwater Archeological
Research Section, Dept. of State, Tallahassee, FL 32304. Samples of tufa were
collected from underwater sink deposits in Warm Mineral Springs and examined for
mineralogy, trace elements, mineral fabric. The tufa grows in three different
habits; nodular, stalagtitic, and fibrous-branching. Tufa is presently
precipitating in the saity water (total dissolved solids=18,400 ppm) which is
saturated with CaCO,. The three habits are composed of calcite, however, solid
solution is present™only in the stalagtitic and fibrous-branching forms. X-ray
fluorescence analyses for Fe, Zn, Sr, Mn, and Mg indicate an increase in
concentration for the three habits with increased surface area from nodular to
stalagtitic to fibrous-branching. The increase in element concentration is due
to surface adsorption. Calcite optic axis orientations are perpendicular to
growth directions in all samples.
3:30 pm GHS-14 Asteroid Occurrences in Tertiary Limestones of Florida. TAYLOR
V. MAYOU AND RICHARD L. HUMMELL, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
Asteroids are relatively rare in the fossil record, largely because their skeletons
consist of loose plates which normally disarticulate and scatter with death. Al-
though starfish are not commonly preserved intact, isolated plates are probably
abundant. Few occurrences of asteroid plates have been reported, because they are
commonly overlooked or if recognized receive little attention. Isolated plates are
normally insufficient for identification of asteroid species, however with addition-
al work they are potentially useful as taxonomic and stratigraphic tools. Preiimi-
mary studies of Tertiary limestones in Florida have shown that isolated astercid
plates are common to locally abundant. Two families of asteroids are represented
in the fossils collected: the Astropectinidae of the Order Paxillosida, and the
Goniasteridae of the Order Valvatida.
3:45 pm GHS-15 Textural and Mineralogical Development of "Box-work" Geodes from
Tampa Bay. R. N. STROM, S. B. UPCHURCH, ANI) ABRAHAM ROSENZWEIG, University of South
Florida, SCA 203, Tampa, FL 33620. Recent dredging in Tampa Harbor has excavated
many examples of "box-work" like geodes. Each "box" or compartment contains a
highly individualistic mineral assembage indicating semi-closed environments in
each. Examination of the textures on the box interiors and the mineral-fillings
shows multiple stages in the development of these geodes. Some unusual textural
and mineralogical relationships and the developmental sequence found are used to
interprete the evolution of pore waters in argillaceous carbonate rocks.
4:00 pm GHS-16 p omorphic History of a Barrier Island Chain, Southwest Florida.
JUDSON HARVEY, New College Environmental Studies Program, 5700 Tamiami Trail,
Sarasota, FL 33580. A combination of photo-interpretive and quantitative methoas
were used to determine the extent of geomorphological change, over a 100 year
period, for the Charlotte Harbor Barrier Chain (Lee Co.). A sand budget was con-
Structed for this coastline using bathymetric survey techniques. The volume of
deposition nearly balanced that of erosion within the survey area, suggesting that
the sand supply is local and not replenished from offshore or longshore sources.
A historic trend of erosion was evident for the beaches. Shoreline changes were
examined and found to be in pattern with the morphology and dynamics of associated
tidal inlets.Short term erosion-accretion sequences on the beaches and the evolution
of a rhythmic shore geometry are related to inlet processes such as shoaling,
Wave shadowing and sand by-passing. This study was supported by the Environmental
Confederation of Southwest Florida.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 46. 1979
MEDICAL SCIENCES SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosensteil School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on the
Florida Shelf.
Thursday 9:00 pm ACADEMY SOCIAL HOUR Anthenium Walkway
Friday 9:30 am Owa Ehan 102
ROSEANN S. WHITE, University of Central Florida, Orlando, presiding.
9:30 MSS-1 Inhibition of Viral Tumorigenesis by Retinoic Acid Analog. JACK
W. FRANKEL, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612,
HARVEY V. SAMIS, VA Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL 33504, E. JAMES HORTON, National
Biologicals, Inc., Clearwater, FL 33632. Several retinoids (analogs of vitamin A)
exert therapeutic effects on chemical carcinogen induced benign and malignant
epithelial tumors of mice, and prevent growth of transplantable tumors in rats and
mice. We now report inhibition of a viral induced tumor by an aromatic analog of
retinoic acid. In a representative experiment, newborn hamsters were inoculated
subcutaneously with a strain (S-R) of avian Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). R-S RSV pro-
duces tumors in hamsters under this circumstance. At weaning, half of the animals
(controls) were inoculated intraperitoneally with diluent (peanut oil); the others
with the diluent plus retinoid. One hundred twelve days later, 83 percent of con-
trols exhibited palpable and/or visible tumors, and no tumors occured in any hamster
treated with the retinoid. Serological responses characteristic of R-S RSV tumori-
genesis were not detected in sera from non-tumor bearing animals in either group.
9:50. MSS—Z Ditferential Clotting Responses of Rabbits to Injections or
Homogenates from Wild-type and Tumorous-head Drosophilia melanogaster. David W.
Washington and A. B. Cox, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816. Two groups of New Zealand white rabbits were
injected with homogenates from Tumorous-head (Tuh) ‘and Wild-type (WI) Drosophila
melanogaster. A third group was used as a saline injected control. Blood collected
in both acute and chronic studies was subjected to various hematological and post
mortem studies. The Tuh injected group showed a five-fold increase in thrombocytes
(blood platelets) over the controls and a four-fold increase over the wild-type
group. Reduced clotting times were noted from acute to chronic studies in both
tumorous and wild-type studies; however, the magnitude of change between the two
groups was insignificant. The authors conclude that the reduced clotting times
reported in tumorous-head injected rabbits represent a decrease in bleeding time.
This was caused by the more effective plugging of the damaged vessel by the
increased number of platelets.
10:10 MSS-3 Development of a Radioimmunoassay for the Detection of Poliovirus
in Water. SHERIL K. CHARBA, R.J. WODZINSKI, and M.J. SWEENEY, Department of
Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816. An
indirect, solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is being developed for poliovirus rT
(PVI). Antisera to PVI has been prepared in New Zealand white rabbits and high-
titered, high avidity equine antisera to rabbit globulins has been prepared, pooled,
fractionated, and frozen. Horse anti-rabbit immunoglobulins have been radioactively
labeled by a modification of the Bolton-Hunter method at various levels of 1251
substitution. Polyvinyl microtiter wells have been coated with varying quantities
of PVI and experiments to decrease non-specific adsorption have been performed.
Preliminary data indicate that this system does quantitatively detect the presence
of poliovirus, and further experiments are being conducted to increase the
sensitivity of the assay.
10:30 Business Meeting of the Medical Sciences Section.
10:45 OTHER CONTRIBUTED PAPERS
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 47. 1979
PHYSICAL SCIENCES SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 247
EDWIN F. STROTHER, Florida Institute of Technology, presiding
9:00 am PSS-1 Verification of Rapid-Test Method for Solar Collector Evalua-
tion. H. S. ROBERTSON and RUSSELL PATERA, Department of Physics,” University of
Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. We have examined experimentally the sugges-
tion that the direct evaluation of the two parameters that appear in the effi-
ciency formula for solar collectors could yield an accurate representation of
collector performance over a wide range of operating conditions. If the para-
meters were independent of temperature, they could be determined with just two
sets of measurements. In practice, it was found that both parameters are slightly
temperature dependent, and some scatter of data seems common. We therefore rec-
ommend that each parameter be determined by four sets of measurements, distributed
over the expected operating range of the collector, and that the results be ex-
pressed as linearly varying functions of the input temperature. Results show that
the formulas so developed yield output temperatures and efficiencies in excellent
agreement with experimental results.
9:15 am PSS-2 Factor Analysis Applications in ESCA, R. A. GILBERT, J. A.
LLEWELLYN AND W. E. SWARTZ, JR., University of South Florida, College of Engineering,
Energy Conversion and Mechanical Design Department and Department of Chemistry,
Tampa, FL 33620. Factor Analysis is a statistical technique that provides a
relatively rapid means for determining if there are two or more components in an
ESCA peak. Deconvolution of ESCA spectra provides valuable information about the
chemical environment of the surface being analyzed. The principle component
method is outlined together with the deconvolution procedure and applications
to aluminium, aluminium oxide and other systems are discussed.
: pss- Secondary Bifurcations Near Multiple Eigenvalues. MANUEL A.
icra ESSE sleet Hiy-0f anes coral ;
; Depar ment of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124.
A method is presented to calculate the time dependent solutions of a class of non-
linear equations in the neighborhood of a degenerate critical point. Secondary
bifurcations are shown to occur along paths in this neighborhood.
9:45 am PSS-4 A Near Total Internal Reflection Acousto-Optic Hydrophone, K.J.
SWANSON, J.A. MEYERS, University of Central Florida, Department of Physics, Orlando,
Florida 32816. An acousto-optic modulator "sonar-hydrophone" has been designed upon
the principle,of near total internal optical reflection. The optical intensity of a
beam of 6800 A light is modulated at the interfaces of a plexiglass block and the
Surrounding H,0. A rough prototype has been built. Its design and the performance
Characteristics will be discussed. This work is supported by the Naval Research
Laboratory Underwater Sound Reference Division, Orlando, Florida.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 48. 1979
10:00 am PpSS-5 Plasma Density Measurements Made Using an Active Microwave
System. WILLIAM F. MOORE, Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral
Gables, Florida 33124. A heterodyned delay line oscillator for measuring
plasma densities is described and contrasted with other microwave diagnostic
techniques. Microwave reflections near the plasma are enhanced by a Fabry-
Perot resonator. Density measurement results will be discussed.
10:15 am PSS-6 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive, Absorptive Media: Correlation
Properties*. S.C. BLOCH, M. R. ROE, R. M. WITENHAFER, and J. WOLFOWITZ, Universi-
ty of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Information transmission in dispersive, ab-
sorptive media is of considerable practical, as well as theoretical, importance;
propagation of short pulses with broad spectra through atmospheric turbulence,
intense rainfall, and the ionosphere are examples of the former. Results of a com-
parison of propagation-delay definitions for severely distorted pulses are presen-
ted, and correlation properties of pulses in the whistler mode are discussed for
five propagation parameters as four are held constant and one varies, sequentially.
*Research supported by U. S. Army Research Office, GTE Laboratories, Inc. and
GTE Satellite Corp.
10:30 am Business Meeting of the Physical Sciences Section
10:45 am BREAK
Friday 11:00 am Primera Casa 247
ALEX G. SMITH, University of Florida, presiding
11:00 am PSS-7 The Diffuse Reflectance of the Ocean: The Theory of Its
Augmentation by Chlorophyl] a Fluorescence at 685 nm. HOWARD R. GORDON , Department
of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. The radiative
transfer equation is modified to include the effect of fluorescent substances, and
solved in the quasi-single scattering approximation for a homogeneous ocean contain-
ing fluorescent particles with wavelength independent quantum efficiency and a
gaussian shaped emission line. The results are applied to the in vivo fluorescence
of chlorophyll a (in phytoplankton) in the ocean to determine if the observed quantum
efficiencies are large enough to explain the enhancement of the ocean's diffuse
reflectance near 685 nm in chlorophyll] rich waters without resorting to anomalous
dispersion. The computations indicate that the required efficiencies are sufficiently
low to account completely for the enhanced reflectance. The validity of the theory
is further demonstrated by deriving values for the upwelling irradiance attenuation
coefficient at 685 nm which are in close agreement with the observations.
11:15 am PSS-8 Bifurcation and stability of a model chemical reactor.
JAMES C. NEARING, Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables,
Florida 33124. A model chemical system, the “Brussellator," is examined and
its equilibria discussed. The presence of structured solutions of small ampli-
tude is verified by a numerical scheme. (These agree with those found by a
standard analytical method.) The large scale solutions whose presence 1S 1n-
dicated in an analytic bifurcation scheme due to Goldstein, Huerta, and Nearing
are also found, and are in good agreement with the analytic method.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 49. 1979
11:30 am PSS-9 Noise Analysis of Radon Flux in Florida*. MEHDI ARABZADEGAN,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611. Radon Flux at the University has
been measured at weekly intervals for over two years. Due to the white noise or
random variations which exist in these data, the periodic components, if any,
cannot be readily identified. This white noise can be eliminated by autocorrela-
tion of these data. The autocorrelation function is an extension of the concept
of a mean square value over an interval of time. If the radon flux has a per-
iodic component, its autocorrelation function is also a periodic function with
the same period as the flux. If this periodic nature is observed, Fourier series
analysis will then be used to identify the significant temporal variations. This
method will be applied to data obtained at four sampling locations in Florida.
*Work supported by the Florida Phosphate Council.
11:45 am PSS-10 UV Photoabsorption Cross Section Measurements of Molecules
Important to Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry. E. F. STROTHER, Department of Physics
and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901. The
breakdown of many chloro- and flurocarbons in the upper atmosphere by photodissocia-
tion provides a source of halogen atoms which are capable of catlytically destroying
Stratospheric ozone. Significant photodissociation can occur over the wavelength
interval from 1800 to 2400 A. Measured absorption cross sections for several mole-
cules will be presented as a function of wavelength in the vacuum UV region. The
photon counting system used in this work will be described and the experimental tech-
niques discussed.
This work was conducted at the NASA Environmental Project Office, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, TX.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 2:00 pm Primera Casa 247
EDWIN F. STROTHER, Florida Institute of Technology, presiding
2:00 pm PSS-11 Investigations of Bifurcation Phenomena in Plasmas with
Stationary Striations. J.F. MAGNAN and WILLIAM B. PARDO, Department of Physics,
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124.
The formation of stationary striations in radio-frequency-excited inert gas
plasmas with zero D.C. magnetic field has theoretically been found to depend on
various bifurcation parameters which can be experimentally controlled.” Experiments
with the plasmas have shown several bifurcation phenomena. Results of experimental
investigations are presented.
*
R.A. Goldstein, M.A. Huerta and J.C. Nearing, Phys. Fluids (to be published).
2:15 pm PSS-12 Satellite Observations of Auroral Electrons and Protons During
Geomagnetically Quiet Times. JAMES R. SHARBER, Department of Physics and Space
Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901. Preliminary re-
sults of an analysis of ISIS-2 auroral particle data reveals that during quiet
times in the pre-midnight magnetic local time sector low-energy (5 eV to 13 keV)
electrons and protons are observed at approximately the same latitudes, typically
from = 68° up to = 80° invariant latitude on the nightside. The variation of energy
and intensity with latitude for both electrons and protons and other features
characteristic of the precipitation will be presented. Results show that although
the proton average energy is 5 or 6 times that of the electrons, the protons are
much less intense and contribute only about 10%0f the particle energy into the
auroral atmosphere.
Research supported by NSF Grant ATM77-15257 and Air Force Grant AFOSR 78-3625.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 50. 1979
2:45 pm PSS-13 Particle Precipitation Patterns Before and After Auroral Substorms.
MARK SISTILLI, JAMES R. SHARBER, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida
Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901. Using low energy (5 eV to 13
keV) electrons and proton data from the ISIS-2 earth-orbiting satellite a compar-
ison was made cf auroral particle precipitation patterns before and after several
geomagnetic substorms. With substorms onset there is a general equatorward shift of
auroral particle distributions as well as an increase in the particle energies. The
data also indicates that polar cap particle precipitation, often observed during
the quiet time before the substorm, subsides markedly with substorm onset. Finally,
these observations partially confirm theoretical predictions of particle accelera-
tion mechanisms in the Earth's magnetotail.
Research supported by NSF Grant ATM77-15257 and Air force Grant AFOSR 78-3625.
3:00 pm PSS-14 Geometric Derivation of the Orhit Equation. RUSSELL PATERA,
Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. The
problem of a particle interacting with a 1/r* central force field is solved. The
momentum charge of a particle moving in such a force field is independent of |r|.
This leads to a very stmple expression for the momentum charge in the scattering
process. The scattering problem reduces to solving an algebraic equation. The
results apply to both attractive and repulsive central forces. The results of the
repulsive force case is used to obtain a more general Coulomb scattering formula
and the shielded Coulomb cross section. The results for the attractive force case
is used to obtain the analytical solution of the particle's path where the initial
conditions are incorporated into the result.
3:15 pm PSS-15 Theory of Combined Synchrotron, Cerenkov, and Transition Radiation.
WU-YANG TSAI, Physics Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. 33124.
Even though synchrotron, Cerenkov, and transition radiation are well known and have
been extensively studied in the past, the importance of their combined effects has
not been recognized until recently by Tsai and his collaborators. Here we will like
to discuss some of the new features emerging from the interference among these radia-
tion processes, aS well as their applications to plasma physics, astrophysics, and
high energy physics.
3:30 pm PSS-16 An Explanation - Demonstration of the Green Flash. JOSEPH G.
HIRSCHBERG, Laboratory of Optics and Astrophysics of the Department of Physics,
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124.
Florida, with its unparalleled (in the contiguous 48 states) water boundary,
affords an excellent opportunity to view one of nature's most beautiful sights, the
Green Flash. The mechanism of this phenomenon, popular in the public imagination
since the publication of Jules Verne's romance, will be described. The Green Flash
will also be demonstrated in the lecture hall, using an optical model for the
atmosphere.
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS-FLORIDA SECTION
Saturday 9:00 am Primera Casa 247
WILLIAM M. MCCORD, Valencia Community College, presiding
9:00 am - 11:30 am Selected papers to be announced.
11:30 am Tie Recent New York Meeting of AAPT. STANLEY S. BALLARD,
University of Florida. Highlights are presented of the joint annual AAPT-APS meet-
ing held in New York on Saturday through Thursday, 27 January - 1 February, 1979.
Special attention is given to items of interest to members of the regional sections.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 51. 1979
12:00 n - 1:30 pm = Luncheon
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm Meeting of AAPT officers with South Florida Physics
teachers for final planning of April meeting
SCIENCE TEACHING SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 9:00 am Primera Casa 249
WITOLD OSTRENKO, Museum of Science, Miami, presiding
9:00 am STS-1 Science Teaching, An Answer to Unbalanced Curricula.
LEONARD J. GREENFIELD AND MARGOT SILVERMAN, Autosynthesis, Ince,
5600 SW 86 St., Miami, Fla. 33143. Using the scientific method and
grade-level mathematics, and drawing heavily on the natural sciences,
students are taught to unify the subject material they receive in
class in the arts and humanities, social sciences, and sciences, In
addition, they identify themselves and plan for thir future, Field
trips to selected places enable them to observe, measure, draw con-
conclusions, and to create pathways for investigation into areas
that interest them. Case histories are drawn from 2nd and 3rd grade
mixed classes and from smaller groups of Sth graders. Suqgetions are
made for all grade levels.
9:20 am STS-2 Academic Field Training by Total Immersion. J.J. STIPP AND F. NAGLE
Dept. of Geology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124. In 1975 we initiated an ex-
perimental undergraduate Geological field course to Guatemala. It differed from
courses offered elsewhere in that although shorter, it was about twice the level of
intensity, scope and participatory requirements. From the first day of orientation
until the final exam 4-weeks later there is essentially continuous involvement in all
aspects of geology on a 12-16 hr/day schedule physically moving over most of the
country. Training also includes: useful survival (tropical health and politics);
organization and logistics, individual and team special assignments with on-site oral
presentation by students; and constant participation. Emphasis is on the basics of
outcrop observation, interpretation, idea defence, and finally collation to an over-
all analysis of the country. Mental and emotional rest are simultaneously provided
by the variety of languages, cultures, and the spectacular examples of geological
phenomena. The concept and application of the course has each year proven to be ex-
tremely effective, both in the high degree of subject understanding and its retention.
9:40 am STS-3 The Museum as an Extension of the Classroom. JUNE M. DRUMMOND
Museum of Science Inc., 3280 South Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33129. Museums have
the opportunity to support teachers because of their specialist instructors and ad-
ditional resources. At present four different activities for teachers and their
classes are offered: 1. Guided Tours. 2. A “Discovery Room" for “hands on" expe-
riences. 3. "Explorations" - instruction in school or at the museum developed
around a requested topic. 4. "Florida Adventures" where our instructor meets the
class in the field. Saturday and vacation classes also reinforce and complement
school lessons.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl. ) 52, 1979
10:00 am BREAK
10:20 am STS-4 The Science Fair «= A Learning Experience. CHARLES WORTHINGTON,
Museum of Science, 3280 South Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33129. Science fairs are
based on sound educational principles. The opportunity for expressing a student's
creativity as an independent investigator is enhanced through this experience.
A completed project serves as an introduction into organized research, motivates
those seeking careers in science, and provides opportunities for peer acceptance.
Winning a science fair is not as important from an educator's point of view as
having students involved in the process of planning a project, practicing the
scientific method and producing a final product. Science fairs at the school,
county, state and international levels are means of receiving recognition for
individual achievement in science.
10:40 am STS-5 Outreach Traveler Program in Broward County, KATHY
LEGG AND FLORENCE B. PRICE, Discovery Center, 231 S.W. 2nd Avenue, Ft.
Laud., Fla. 33301. The Discovery Center is a participatory science
and art museum. During the Spring of 1978, the Discovery Center imple-
mented an Outreach Traveler Program in elementary schools for the
purpose of extending our participatory learning experience. The
Outreach Traveler Program is presented as an in-school "field trip"
for 2 or 3 days. Our staff trains volunteers selected by the hosting
school to assist in presenting the program to the children. Focusing
on the areas of chemistry, physics, nature studies and art, we offer
each student four hours of "hands on" participation. This year we
are committed to 15 schools providing approximately 32,000 contact
hours for the students of Broward County.
11:00 am STS-6 Dade County Public School Outreach Program from the Museum of
Seience. HARRY RYTTENBERG, Museum of Science Inc., 3280 South Miami Avenue, Miami,
FL 33129. Inaugurated in 1963, this program was designed to have a dual purpose;
to take museum artifacts to children who could not come to the museum and to have
a qualified science teacher available to visit schools. School demonstrations last
about 45 minutes and cover such topics as basic electronics, magnetism, and gyro-
scopes and also use live and mounted animals. This program has been so successful
that there are now two full-time Dade County Museum Liaison Teachers working out of
the Museum of Science reaching approximately 50 thousand children in the public
school system each year.
11:20 am Business Meeting of the Science Teaching Section
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
SOCIAL SCIENCES SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 53. 1979
Friday 9:00 am Owa Ehan 105
DAVID H. VANDERCAR, University of South Florida, presiding
9:00 am SSS-1 Cynicism Among Police in New York and Jerusalem.
SUZANNE FLEMING, School of Criminology, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, Fla. 23204. In 1967, Niederhoffer hypothesised that social-
ization in the police milieu produces a character trait he called cynicism.
He supported his hypothesis by applying a cynicism scale to a sample of
New York Police. This study hypothesised that the same development would
occur in a similar work environment. A scale was developed and applied to
a sample of Israeli police. The hypothesis was supported, indicating that
similar police milieux will produce similar types of socialization,
cultural differences notwithstanding.
9:15 am SSS-2 Loci of Focus in the Visual Scanning of Human Faces. S.W. JANIK,
M.L. GOLDBERG AND A.R. WELLENS, Dept. of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral
Gables, FL 33124. An experiment was conducted to test the assumption that people
tend to focus upon the eyes of another when looking in the direction of a person's
face, rather than upon other areas. Male subjects were shown a series of 4 color
and 4 black and white photographic slides during a social impression-formation task.
Each slide presented a head and shoulders full face view of either a man or a woman
expressing a positive or negative emotion. Each subject viewed the slides while
fitted within a Polymetric Eye Movement Recorder. Videotapes were made of each
subject's visual focus during his inspection of each slide. Independent ratings by
two judges indicated that subjects spent approximately 40% of their looking time
focused upon the eye region of facial photographs, with each of the remaining parts
of the face being looked at less. This result adds support to the notion that the
eye region represents a prime area of visual interest. In addition, subiects'
tendency to look at the left or right side of the facial stimuli was analyzed.
9:30 am SSS-3 Older People's Attitude Toward Community Development. WEN-FU SHIH,
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33432.: A survey to determine the
attitudes of the residents to community development was conducted by City of Boca
Raton, Florida, during March and April, 1978. The questionnaire was divided into
(a) current services and characteristics, (b) type of future development, (c)
citizen participation and (d) demographic information. The purpose of this research
is to compare the attitudes of retired and non-retired residents toward community
development. The data showed that the retired people are more active in voting and
other citizen participation than non-retired people. Moreover, the retired people
seem more satisfied with the community services.
9:45 am SSS-4 Individual Differences in Physiological and Verbal Responses
during Exposure to Violent Film Content. D.H. VANDERCAR And H.C. KARL, Dept. of
Psychology, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The physiological and
behavioral effects of exposure to filmed violence has recently attracted a great
deal of attention. In the present study physioloical response measures were
recorded from six groups of six subjects as they viewed the feature film Straw Dogs.
Of principle interest was the degree of correspondence between self-report and
Physiological measures of arousal. A significant negative correlation (r = -.86)
was found between self-report of emotional state and skin conductance level. The
degree of reported emotional arousal and the level of skin conductance were found
to be highly related to a subject's intellectual preference toward verbal vs non-
verbal information processing.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 54. 1979
10:00 am SSS-5 4 23 Year History of a Multi-handicapped Life. J. SCHEUERLE,
Dept. of Communicology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fl. 33620. Joyce was
the younger of two siblings with congenital arthrogryposis multiplex syndrome.
Medical prognosis gave her a life expectancv of less than 21 years with 15 of those
in a wheelchair. In addition to the cripling physical deformity, the child was un-
able to communicate intelligibly. In a Miami elementary school she was judged
incompetent and placed in special education classes until she was 16 years old.
Allowed to make her own decision to move into a regular high school, Joyce's life
belatedly began a more nearly normal course. She stubornly refused a wheelchair
in favor of crutches, and drove herself to chronic fatigue and ill health in
pursuit of an education. In spite of a hearing loss and cleft palate she finished
a baccalaureate degree and is now employed and self-maintaining. Slides and audio
tapes illustrate the developmental sequence.
10:15 am BREAK
10:30 am SSS-6 # Processing Partial Orders. S.A. WARNER AND R. A. GRIGGS, Dept.
of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. The constructivist
theory of memory assumes that linguistic input is not passively received but is
actively transformed into a more general holistic representation. A chief support-
ing line of research concerns the processing of order relations defined by
transitive operators. Even though only adjacent relations are presented during
acquisition, the farther apart two terms are on the judged dimension, the faster
the comparison can be made. An integrated representation with spacing of terms
along a mental continuum by either analog or linear transformations is implied.
Studies examining complex partial orders in which indeterminate relations exist
have not found normal distance effects. Two experiments investigating the role
of several factors on the processing of partial orders were conducted. Results
support the constructivist theory but indicate the importance of various scanning
strategies with larger, complex structures. A predisposition to incorrectly form
complete orders from incomplete information was also observed.
10:45 am SSS-7 Changes in Level of Expectation as an Under-Recognizea Explana-
tory and Integrative Concept. WILLIAM R. BROWN, Department of Sociology, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. The concept of "level of expectation" is
Shown to have far more explanatory power regarding attitude formation, attitude
change, and social behavior than has been generally recognized. Through viewing
changes in one's level of expectation as part of a central process, it is shown
that a number of theoretical constructs and explanations can be integrated and
understood in a larger frame of reference. For example, such well know constructs
as "relative deprivation ," "the law of supply and demand," and "generation gap"
are synthesized when viewed as spin offs involving changes in levels of expectation.
A schematic model is overviewed that allows the on-going social process of changes
of level of expectation to be related to attitude change as well as to overt
behavior.
11:00 am SSS-8 Recovery of the Ancient Maya Weather Cycles. CHARLES H. LACOMBE,
Sociology/Anthropology Dept., Florida International University, Miami, Fl. 33199.
Modern technology has not yet produced a reliable system for long range forecast-—
ing, due largely to lack of climatic data over a period of centuries on which
continuity to modern times can be based. The Maya had the capability of recording
shifts in weather patterns from at least 300 A.D. to 900 A.D., and developed
cyclical almanacs for this period that are included in their hieroglyphic codices.
This study of the weather almanacs in the codices presents evidence that the Maya
perfected a long range forecasting system based on a chronological association of
floods, droughts, storms and favorable weather, with concurrent events in their
Venus and eclipse calendars. The research indicates that this technique enabled
the Maya to regularize highly irregular weather patterns into predictable cycles
by inter-relating them with the fixed time frames of the Venus and eclipse
calendars that are given in the codices.
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 55. 1979
11:15 am SSS-9 The Perception of Natural Hazards: A Case Study. BARBARA
STABIN, New College Environmental Studies Program, 5700 North Tamiami Trail,
Sarasota, FL 33580. In assessing the accuracy of individual's appraisal of
natural hazards researchers have tended to identify magnitude and frequency of
the hazard as the crucial variables for testing. In this study the complexity
of the hurricane hazard:suggested other physical descriptors of the event(dura-
tion of danger, speed of onset, areal extent and type of physical damage,tem-
poral Spacing) might be used to understand individual appraisal of personal
vulnerability. On an outline map of the Sarasota area respondents were askedto
describe local physical impacts of a eategory five (Saffir-Simpson scale) hurri-
cane. Findings indicate that this type of graphic supplement to questionnaires
may provide unique insights for natural hazards researchers. The graphic study
was integrated into a larger questionnaire project conducted by Dr. Charlene C.
Levy, Division of Social Sciences, New College of U. S. F. with funding from
the Sarasota County office of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act.
Friday 11:30 am Owa Ehan 105 Business Meeting of the Social Sciences Section
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING SECTION
Thursday 7:30 pm Anthenium 100 GENERAL SESSION: The Academy Lecture.
Dr. WAYNE D. BOCK, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science. The Environmental Aspects of Offshore Drilling on
the Florida Shelf.
Friday 1:00 pm Anthenium 100 Annual Business Meeting of the Academy
Friday 2:00 pm Owa Ehan 105
MARK STERN, University of Central Florida, presiding
2:00 pm URS-1 Urban Growth and Florida's Politics, 1948-1978,
MARK STERN,Department of Political Science, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. An analysis of statewide electoral
patterns in Florida is undertaken with emphasis on Presidential
elections. Patterns of Democratic and Republican general electim
and primary election results are correlated with geographic
and socioeconomic characteristics of the state during the 1948-
1978 period. Continuities and discontinuities in voting patterns
are examined as they relate to shifts in the SES characteristics
of the population, with special emphasis on changing patterns
of urban/metropolitan voting behavior.
2:20 pm URS-2 personality Traits, Political Issues, Issue Types, and Belief
Systems. WILLIAM S. MADDOX and ANTHONY NARDELLA, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, Fl 32816. This exploratory project was designed to test the relationship
between selected personality traits and political attitudes at three levels. With
a sample of 200 Southern college students, we examined correlations between
scales of personal control, personal trust, self-esteem and attitudes at the
individual issues level, issue type level, and belief system level. We found
selected and moderate correlations between personality traits and individual
Issue positions, similar relationships between personality and types of issue
attitudes, and only a slight relationship between personality and the belief
system we labelled "libertarian."
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR
ARIES
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2:40 pm URS-3 Barrier Islands of Florida: An Assessment for Planning and Manage-
ment. DINESH C. SHARMA, National Science Foundation Resident, 1630 Park Ave., Ft.
Myers, FL 33901. Narrow strips of sand in front of gently sloping coasts are barrier
islands. They protect the mainland, bays, and estuaries from ocean waves and storms.
There are about 283 barrier islands in the U.S., of which 80 are in Florida. Inconm-
patible urbanization of these islands, some of it facilitated with government sub-
sidies, is closing public access to the islands and beaches, endangering lives md
property, and is adversely affecting the natural functioning of island resources. A
multi-media public education program is developed which describes the extent and
mature of the barrier islands of the U.S. and Florida; major problems and issues
affecting the island resources; innovative local, State, and Federal programs for
wise use and conservation of the islands; and available resources for technical
assistance for local communities. This project is funded by the National Science
Foundation, the Conservation Foundation, the Office of Coastal Zone Management, the -
U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Barrier Islands Coalition.
}
Florida Scientist 42 (Suppl.) 56. ‘||
3:00 pm URS-4 County Revenue Projections as a Function §f Socio-Economic Change
A Canonical Correlational Approach. HAROLD F. HILL, JR., Orange County Planning
Department, Orlando, Fl. and ROGER HANDBERG, University of Central Florida, OrJando,
Florida 32816. Previous studies attempting to relate county revenue source
funding levels to measurable socio-economic trends within the community nave not
proved especially enlightening. The vast majority of these studies have relied
on multiple regression analysis to assess the relationships between overal]
funding levels as a singular dependent variable and a set of socio-economic
variables as independent variables or predictors. This study attempts to take
this methodology one step further by assessing the relationship between a set of
revenue variables and a set of local socio-economic and demographic variables.
Canonical correlation analysis is used to measure these relationships and form a
base from which to project future revenue levels based on the canonical
relationships established in the historical data.
3:30 pm Owa Ehan 105 Business Meeting of the Urban and Regional Planning Section
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