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Se A RBI SARA PR It tN NN A SOR Peg A = NAT re me
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@ veosements Forest Statistics for
ee Rhode Island — 1972 and 1985
Forest Service
Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station
Resource Bulletin NE-104 David R. Dickson
Carol L. McAfee
Abstract
A statistical report on the third forest survey of Rhode Island conducted in
1984 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station. Statistics for forest area, numbers of trees, timber volume, tree
biomass, wildlife habitat, and timber products output are displayed at the
state and county levels. The current inventory indicates that the state has
approximately 404 million cubic feet of growing-stock volume or 25.6 million
tons, net green weight of live trees, on 372,000 acres of timberland. For use
in trend analysis, this report includes estimates derived from reprocessing the
1972 data using current methods and standards.
Foreword
The third inventory of Rhode Island was under the overall direction of John R.
Peters, Project Leader of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit. Eric H.
Wharton assisted in the development and administration of the operating plan.
Charles T. Scott was responsible for the design of the inventory and sample
selection. David J. Alerich supervised the interpretation of aerial photos and
collection of data. He was assisted by Joseph G. Reddan. Members of the field
Staff were:
William C. Blish Patricia J. Lawler
Charles F. Brown IV Ronald J. Olsen
Vernon G. Gray, Jr. Ellen J. Schmidt
David R. Dickson and Carol L. McAfee applied FINSYS (Forest INventory SYStem) ,
a generalized data processing system, to the specific needs of the Rhode Island
inventory and produced summary tables for the state and counties. Thomas W.
Birch and Carol L. McAfee were instrumental in assuring that the area estimates
were consistent with the two previous inventories. Anne E. Cane prepared the
tables in this report for printing.
Robert L. Nevel, Jr., Richard H. Widmann, and Eric H. Wharton, with the
assistance of Thomas G. Bourn, Rhode Island Division of Forest Environment,
collected and compiled the data on timber products output and timber removals.
Carmela M. Hyland was responsible for administrative and secretarial services.
Marie Pennestri typed the text for this report.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit would like to thank the landowners of
Rhode Island for their cooperation and assistance during this inventory.
FOREST STATISTICS FOR
RHODE ISLAND--1972 AND 1985
The Authors
David R. Dickson, Forester, Forest Inventory
and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service,
Broomall, PA.
Carol L. McAfee, Forester, Forest Inventory
and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service,
Broomall, PA.
Manuscript received for publication 23 February 1988
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station
370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008
June 1988
CONTENTS
HIGHLIGHTS okiche ct te baci tae ee eee 1
FOrest “Ame Gi: ccc de. 5 cee ee ee eee 1
Timber: Voluime:c:..cse cee eee ]
Wildlife Heli alse assoc eee cease eee ee D
BONA GS'S: Scone eee i ane eee ee D
[INGFERG DIC GION eee Sees eee eee ee ae eres S
MaELVNSIING OF WIE IESTMVAITES sccocccssccesccccooov0se 3
COMPARISONSBEIWEENSINVENTORIBS esse-seeeeece 4
INDEX TO eRABIEES ek eet ee eee ee ee 4
SUG tis ese hic a a ae ee 4
COW MI ace Soaeass oasis see eenea terete crac eee eee ener 6
Core Table Cross-Reference ................0ee00. 8
RESOURCE WABIER Sw 52.2 co ee eee 13
LURE RAT URES CRE Dieta et cease eee eee eee 84
AP PEN De ice rte te ry call aceneee ete Rinne reap 84
Definition: Of MerniS eeu eee eee 84
LOC —Clracle CICSSHMEGUUOM <coascaoscccenoonces0900008 90
ilinee Species ofeRinodem|sicing sees eee 95
Relative Density, Relative Frequency,
Importance Value, and Species
Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems
Oy Species, INaoce Isieiel, VSS2ss000s5cc0e 94
Metric Equivalents of Units
USE MinmthiSeiNe pO rise secs nese eee eee Sis
*
Highlights
The report contains both 1985 and updated 1972 tables.
Forest Area
Rhode Island, with 404,800 acres of forest land, is
60 percent forested. Forest area is unchanged
since 1972.
Ninety—two percent of Rhode Island's forest land,
571,700 acres, is classified as timberland
(formerly known as commercial forest land).
Area of timberland has decreased 7 percent between
inventories.
The area of sawtimber stands has increased over 56
percent since the 1972 inventory; sawtimber stands now
total 167,500 acres or 45 percent of the timberland.
An 82 percent decrease in the area of seedling and sapling
stands has reduced these stands to 21,100 acres,
or 6 percent of the timberland.
Eighty—eight percent of Rhode Island's timberland is
privately owned.
Timber Volume
*
Growing—stock volume is 404 million cubic feet, an average
OiieOc7 cubic Teel per dere. his Is amo percent
increase over the 1972 inventory.
Sawtimber volume is 860.5 million board feet, an average
of 2,315 board feet per acre. This is a 36 percent
increase over the 1972 inventory.
Red oaks continue to be the dominant species in Rhode
Island's forests. Northern red oak accounts for 16
percent of the growing—stock volume and 18 percent of
the sawtimber volume. Other red oaks make up 26
percent of the growing—stock volume and 23 percent
of the sawtimber volume.
*
*
Red maple, with 22 percent of the growing—stock volume,
retained its second place ranking while increasing its
growing—stock volume by 47 percent to 90 million
cubic feet.
While white pine volumes are unchanged since the 1972
inventory, the total softwood growing—stock volume
decreased 20 percent to 56 million cubic feet; the
total softwood sawtimber volume decreased 11 percent to
176 million board feet.
Average annual net growth of growing—stock volume in
Rhode Island is 2.3 percent of the inventory.
Wildlife Habitat ~
*
Tree mast in Rhode Island is essentially an acorn
resource, dominated by red oak species.
White oak is the most common standing dead tree
species; northern red oak is the second most common.
These two species are also the most common dead
tree species with observed cavities.
Red maple is the most common live tree species with
observed cavities.
Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are the most common
understory woody—stemmed species in Rhode Island.
Biomass
*
The net green weight of all live trees on timberland
is 25.6 million tons or 68.9 tons per acre. Softwoods
account for 2.5 million tons or 6.6 tons per acre;
hardwoods account for 23.1 million tons or 62.3 tons
per acre.
Fifteen million tons, or 59 percent of the net green
weight of all live trees, is in growing—stock material.
1.3 million tons of biomass is contained in salvable
dead trees.
Introduction
Under the authority of the McSweeny-McNary
Forest Research Act of 1928 and subsequent acts,
including the Renewable Resources Planning Act
of 1974 and the Renewable Resources Research Act
of 1978, the USDA Forest Service conducts
periodic forest inventories of all states to
provide up-to-date information on the forest
resource of the Nation. The initial inventory
of Rhode Island's resources was conducted in
1952. The second inventory was carried out in
1672. This report presents the forest resource
Gata from tne third inventory completed in
1984. This inventory involved a cooperative
effort of the Rhode Island Division of Forest
Environment, the USDA Soil Conservation Service,
and the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis project of the
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station conducted
the inventory on all forest land, developed the
resource tables, and prepared this report.
The sampling procedure used during the current
resurvey utilized aerial photography, the
remeasurenment of a sample of the ground plots
established in the earlier inventories, and
establishment of new ground plots. In Rhode
Island this required remeasurement of 129 plots
from the earlier inventories, classification of
2,542 points on aerial photographs into land-use
and cubic-foot volume classes, and establishment
of 95 new ground plot locations as a subsample
of the photo points. The data collected were
summarized using the FINSYS computer system
developed at the Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station.
The resurvey of Rhode Island's forest resources
involved several associated studies and
considerable analysis. Reports discussing the
State's private forest-land owners and its
primary forest products industry are being
prepared. An additional report will also be
published containing detailed 1985 biomass
statistics.
The forest area, numbers of trees, timber
volume, biomass, and wildlife habitat statistics
shown in this report are but a summary of the
information collected. Other information or
additional summaries may be developed. For
information about these, contact the Forest
Inventory and Analysis Unit, USDA Forest
Service, 370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008
(phone 215-690-3037).
The four eastern Forest Experiment Stations have
agreed to include a set of 25 core tables in
each of their state resource bulletins. The
format of any one of these tables will be
identical for all 37 states in the Statious'
territories. Rather than being grouped as a
set, these core tables have been interspersed
throughout this publication according to their
level of data and content. A list of the core
table numbers and their corresponding numbers as
presented in this publication follows the index
of tables.
Reliability of the Estimates
The data in this report were based on a
carefully designed sample of forest conditions
throughout Rhode Island. However, because the
field crews did not measure every tree or every
acre in the state, the data are estimates. The
reliability of the estimating procedure can be
judged by two important statistical measures:
accuracy and precision. Among statisticians,
accuracy refers to the success of estimating the
true value, precision refers to the clustering
of sample values about their own averages or to
the variation among repeated samples. We are
mainly interested in the accuracy of the
inventory, but in most cases we can only measure
its precision.
Although accuracy cannot be measured exactly, it
ean be checked. Preliminary tables are sent to
other agencies and to outside experts familiar
with the resources of Rhode Island. If
questions arise, the data are reviewed and
reanalyzed to resolve the differences. Also,
great care is taken to keep all sources of
Procedural error to a minimm by careful
training of both field and office personnel,
frequent inspection of field and office work,
and application of the most reliable inventory
methods.
Because of the care exercised in the inventory
process, estimates of precision afford a
reasonable measure of the inventory's adequacy.
The precision of each estimate is described by
its sampling error. Sampling errors are given
with several tables in this report. The others
are available upon request.
Briefly, here is an example of how the sampling
error is used to indicate reliability: The
estimate of timberland for Rhode Island is
372,000 acres. Its sampling error is 2.4
percent, or 9,000 acres. This means that if
there are no errors in the procedure and we
repeated the inventory in the same way, the odds
are 2 to 1 (66 percent probability) that the
estimate would be between 363,000 and 381,000
acres (372,000 + 9,000). Similarly, the odds
are 19 to 1 (95 percent probability) that the
estimate would be within + 18,000 acres. It is
worth noting that the state estimates have the
smallest sampling errors and therefore are the
most precise or reliable. County estimates are
less reliable. In Rhode Island for example, the
sampling error for the state area tables is 2.4
percent; while the sampling error for Providence
County is 3.2 percent. Thus, county level
estimates are often considerably less reliable
than state level estimates. In general, as the
Size of the estimate decreases in relation to
the total, the sampling error, expressed as a
percentage of the estimate, increases.
Cc ‘ Bet I tori
To evaluate the condition of the forest
resource, it is useful to compare the current
estimates with those from the previous
inventory. However, for the comparisons to be
valid, the procedures used in the two
inventories must be similar. As a result of our
ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of the
inventory, we have made several changes in
procedures and definitions since 1972.
Because these changes make the direct comparison
of the 1985 estimates with those published by
Peters and Bowers (1977) inappropriate, data
collected in 1972 have been reprocessed using
the 1985 procedures and standards. Seven
state-level tables containing the recalculated
1972 data have been included in this report.
The tables provide area and volume data for
comparison and trend analysis. They are printed
in italic type to distinguish them from the
current tables. Tables of recalculated data at |
the county level could not be provided because
plots were selected at the state level in 1972;
therefore, individual counties do not have
enough plots to develop statistically sound
data. The changes that have had an effect on
the results of our computations follow.
The design used in this inventory, sampling with
partial replacement, involved the establishment
of new plots and the remeasurement of a sample
of the previously measured plots. Thus,
estimates, particularly those of small segments
of a population, may vary from occasion to
occasion, in part because of the change in the
sample. For example, the area of a minor forest
type may have been estimated at the previous
occasion from only two or three plots; if those
plots were not selected for remeasurement, the
change from occasion to occasion would differ
from the change based on a current sample that
by chance did include those plots. The sampling
errors presented in Table 57 should be used to
determine the reliability of all estimates and
particularly that of change in minor components.
A major change was made in the design of the
plots established in 1984. In addition to the
traditional data gathered to estimate forest
area and tree volumes, information was collected
to deseribe forest wildlife habitat, forest
soils, and forest tree biomass.
New height and volume equations were developed
for both growing stock and sawtimber (Scott
1979, 1981). These equations are derived by
nonlinear regression techniques; in 1972 linear
regression was used. The nonlinear method is
used because it yields estimates with smaller
errors between predicted and actual values.
Stand size is a classification of forest land
based on the size of the trees that dominate an
area, i-e., seedling/sapling, poletimber,
Sawtimber, or non-stocked. In the 1972
inventory only growing-stock trees were
considered in determining stand size; the 1985
procedure considers all live trees. This change
caused a shift in acres among classes,
especially between seedling/sapling and
poletimber.
The procedures used to determine forest type
have also been modified. In 1972, plots on
which red maple made up the plurality of
stocking were classified as elm/ash/red maple.
In 1985, such plots were examined more closely
and according to their moisture class and the
other species present, were placed in either the
red maple/northern hardwoods, red maple/central
hardwoods or elm/ash/red maple type.
The basic building block for estimating forest
area and timber volume has been changed from the
state level or geographic unit level, to the
county level. In the past, the statistics were
developed at the unit or state level and
prorated back to the county level on the basis
of distribution of photo-interpretation points.
Direct development of county-level data helps
users interested in more precise local data, but
can make comparisons with past county estimates
developed by the proration technique uncertain.
One of the prerequisites for developing direct
county-level statistics is that a county must
have at least 60,000 acres of timberland.
Counties that do not meet this criterion have
too few plots to allow reliable estimates. Such
counties were grouped with neighboring counties
to create a sampling base large enough to
provide reliable estimates. Plots in Bristol
and Newport Counties were combined with those in
Washington County to provide such a base.
Index to Tables
The following tables are divided into two major
sections: (1) State, and (2) County.
Recalculated 1972 tables are printed in italic
type.
State Tables
Area
Table No. Page
1. Land area by land class, Rhode Island,
AO B5ichs wietevteke cucte everevemereree sre Rterebye Ceeev ee ee eee TS
2. Area of timberland by forest type,
forest-type group, and stand-size class,
Rinoele Uses WWBosacccccss0ds & wb o.8 b8ie we ejerereul ed
3. Area of timberland by forest type,
forest-type group, and stand-size class,
Rhode) Tsdandy e19O5ieccleelereere es eae
4, Area of timberland by forest-type group
and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985......17
Table No. Page
5. Area of timberland by stand-size class
and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985......17
6. Area of timberland by board-foot stand-
volume class and ownership class, Rhode
ussenels WBasaandace Sad0oddd CooOoOaGddoOdoGdole
7. Area of timberland by stocking class of
growing-stock trees and ownership class,
Raverke aisulencls iWeyosedanase Mafetetareteverslcversrelaiciiais -18
8. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and cubic-foot stand-volume class, Rhode
Si ari rpm OO Sievatetoteversisreuste eielerevercveie/ sie ev eieusiow erersieverc2O
9. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and board-foot stand-volume class, Rhode
MST andrews Obreyerevaretarsvers aisle: Cicrareievcicrsvelorsie.e sie wieicre es lO
10. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and green ton stand-volume class, Rhode
aleSilicara Gramma Oo severeh eyaloielel cfoye. eveiere's « cls) 6 oe) sveve.e'e/s S000 021)
11. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode
Usligmel, Ui/Bosscoadadccoscdsaccsannd00006o0bbo 23
12. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode
PsWanGie 1965 aj<cle\els SORE R TE SO OTOL OIC OIC 23
13. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of growing-stock trees,
RHOG em lstandiny 9/2 cm sere icrsce\e/eie eye e)avein'e Rate oneeerése Qu
14. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of growing-stock trees,
RH Ode tistan Gr r119:05\c..1. 15 epere cleis)evers) aie ereie Bates Syeuenses 24
15. Area of timberland by forest-type group
and basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode
HTeSELATIGH, wali 9;G 5 rateire, cllehcye\s\.6 61.6 eiraoyaxoicheveveiecevarsvavoeie were eD
Number of Trees
16. Number of live trees on timberland by
species and ciameter class, Rhode Island,
HOG Demeester totese.cie.evelais aien0 e aieiel ers) cr aiers oie evevala ce 560 025
17. Number of live trees on timberland by
diameter class, tree class, and species
group, Rhode Island, 1985......... ROOD Once 27
18. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on
timberland by species and tree class, Rhode
Uslleracies WkeseaacogodT Sisiecetevots Sgairat oueteuetenehetpierersiaiere 28
19. Number of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Riege suse, WeacoconcgcoocooDCOOoe ayomesee 29
Table No. Page
Wildlife Habitat
20. Number of all live nut- and fruit-
producing trees on timberland by species and
diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985........... 30
21. Number of shrubs and saplings on
timberland by stand-size class, type of stem,
and mast type, Rhode Island, 1985............ 31
22. Number of standing dead trees on
timberland by species, condition class, and
diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985..... Srareovals 32
23. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.)
with observed cavities on timberland by
species and condition class, Rhode Island,
WWEBocoaccocccocac C0DoODnDCNSCOODOOUOCOUNHOGOOOND 33
24. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs
on timberland by species and stand-size class,
RCC sian, Wooaccesoncacoccco0og0eco0d Ge 34
25. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs
on timberland by species and forest-type
group, Rhode Island, 1985........... FP OORROS 36
26. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs
on timberland by species and browse-utilization
Class pmnnode micilandpelo Ober eciercelscietererstere -36
27. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) with
observed cavities on timberland by species and
presence of cavities, Rhode Island, 1985..... ho
Weight
28. Net green weight of all live trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Maeele Usllame. Isososcocagocc00d0cco00000C00 44
29. Net green weight of all trees on
timberland by class of timber and species
Beowia, WNC Usilenvals WWkecaccccacacovccoccdac 42
Volume
30. Net vclume of ali trees on timberiand
by class of timber and species group, Rhode
usiem@l, IDEs asachooocwodacasoeooesoOUGOGOOGET 43
31. Net volume of ali live, growing-stock, and
sawtimber trees on timberland by species group
and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985...... 45
32. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by forest-type group and stand-size
elassp Rhodes lstlandin GOS terete aielelelaiere elerere PRES
33. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by forest-type group and
basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode
WeWleyaGl5(1OEBa so occacc0s OI GOOD HA OOD OO OOUR oor 46
Table No. Page
34. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type group,
Rhode Island, 1985....... Save tayele ayelay sreveVererecetercis oun!
35. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and stand-size class,
Rhodewisilandh unl Oiicteleletolekeleretelchelelsleretereteleraterereretereate
36. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and stand-size class,
Rhode mlsilandi il GS 5reyperelerevarsieverelererensiekeleteneletetereterererecto
37. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and cubic-foot stand-
volume class, Rhode Island, 1985............-50
38. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
iach silat, WifBosccasaccoacdoagcooon0G05606 52
39. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Rhodepls land il OG ditereletereroteretetelelerciersheleleletererelerrere OS
40. Net volume of growing stock in the
sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Rhode Island, 1985..... Sie tavaver ete avevavete)evcverstere eve - 55
41. Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Rhod eulsiiand(;, W912 wisierevycrave cis s/o stcveieiese sielsrerereine oO
42, Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Rhodeytslandiss 10 S5iciereisreielereisiote Seis sevsvo\si(alieessyaievsis 57
43. Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species, size class, and
standard-lumber log grade, Rhode Island,
NOM 2s Voters sopotencyate(avehoreievela ravens atelslevevereseietereislereiasierahexe DO
4u, Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species, size class, and
standard-lumber log grade, Rhode Island,
TOES: 5:2. 5 averere weve lerarelarsrercrerecovedereke ferohe ererarsvereretararenererexe DO
Growth
45. Average annual net change of growing-
stock volume on timberland by species and
component, Rhode Island, 1971-84........+2+2+.-00
46. Average annual net growth and average
annual removals of growing-stock volume on
timberland by species, Rhode Island,
1971-84..... atevehekexercNavaverote axerersycieiets sseqoracaces dO
i7. Average annual net growth and average
annual removals of sawtimber vclume on
timberland by species, Rhode Island,
NO idl Ol yeveverenatevekenereyarere Ad aoorsdaaacdoodnoes6 nol
Table No. Page
48. Average annual mortality of growing-
stock and sawtimber volume on timberland by
species, Rhode Island, 1971-84......eseee2+-02
49. Average annual net growth and average
annual removals of growing-stock volume on
timberland by ownership class and species
group, Rhode Island, 1971-84........seses022203
50. Average annual net growth and average
annual removals of sawtimber volume on
timberland by ownership class and species
group, Rhode Island, 1971-84...........2.2.03
Timber Products Output
51. Output of timber products by product,
softwoods and hardwoods, and source of
material, Rhode Island, 1984..............+.04
52. Output of roundwood products by product,
softwoods and hardwoods, and source of
material, Rhode Island, 1984...... anonnopoodss
53. Timber removals from growing stock and
sawtimber on timberland by component and
softwoods and hardwoods, Rhode Island,
[9 Bc vevcvsve sre cicvelers co storey crarcierstetecctevera etebatmereretotereners Oli]
54. Volume of unused residues from primary
manufacturing plants by softwoods and
hardwoods, type of residue, and industry,
Rhodes tstands 19 Glereieretstersiercieloleteine eleietetareietetats Oil
Change
55. Change in area of timberland between
inventories by stand-size class,
Rhode) sland 4) 19 72—G5ielelelslercls)elelelel sles Seen teeeOo
56. Change in volume between inventories,
Rhode! Esdand ean Grex Obecicisicisieieiersisinieeistelste eres
Sampling Errors
57. Sampling errors for estimates in
various state-level tables, Rhode
sila, JG/2 ain Wisc oncasoce wis. 5 breye, e eaverorerereniO
County Tables
58. Land area by county and land class,
Rhode tistiecrric sme GG eters steleletcteraleletalets eretetetetstelatere isi
59. Area of timberland by ownership class
and county, Rhode Island, 1985......sccccecede
60. Area of timberland by county and forest-
type group, Rhode Island, 1985......cccccceedd
Table No. Page
61. Area of timberland by county and stand-
SiZ® Oless- Weece usulemcl, WWeoocccgaqqcocdoKT 73
62. Area of timberland by county and cubic-
foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island,
MOO yerevetetctevavevole cla cterexorelehsrarereic.verers scoocncocaccoolS
63. Area of timberland by county and green
ton stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985...74
64. Area of timberland by county and
stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode
UsilemGls WWEBacasocaccsoogocoodnCCOS soddd0000c 74H
65. Area of timberland by county and
productivity class, Rhode Island,
MOG keraroustetercierstetoreivere cleicsereicr ctorc¥ereteterciorouererctetctata. «fie 74
66. Wet volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by county and forest-type group,
RHOGemMUsMandisy WO G5iererelecievel sielelsiotere eterers sleteancoowe 75
67. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by county and stand-size class,
RHOG SwelisMamalswolG Ooisrerakevclevers overevorevaterecs s elete rs lete res 7s 75
68. Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and county, Rhode
Aas aMeaT eee Drazet oer ols ieretonarcters ereherese BP alaratefoneveueRevereveili O
69. Net volume of growing-stock and
sawtimber trees on timberland by county
and species group,Rhode Island, 1985......... TT
70. Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by county and forest-type group,
RrodemlsirriGdiaa19 O5)- apeyeialaraiclelatateleielalereterclovciale« ooelt
71. Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by county and stand-size class,
HOG Supls Vans 19 Octave eicreieleis s:s\civislesiceicisciewse sell l
72. Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberiand by species and county, Rhode
HLaSHIITAG PORMBTS CO aictarars cisieheret ciecevelavetetevehels;apsiste.cisvelspeveseseve 78
73. Number of all live nut- and fruit-~-
preducing trees on timberland by species and
county, Rhode Island, 1985.......... sonc000ne US
74. Number of seedlings, saplings, and
shrubs with observed browse and percent of
total on timberland by species and county,
Rhode Island, 1985...... Aeiapovece Soevers oe Se avatere claret OD
75. Number of standing dead trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species and
DOI, HUoclS aisle, WkeiqdoacagusscoDoGd5de 80
76. Index to land-use edge by type of land
use and county, Rhode Island, 1985...........81
77. Sampling errors for various county-level
estimates, Rhode Island, 1985..... paOObAOODGE 82
Core Table Cross-Reference
Core Statistical
fable table
1 Land area by county and land class, Rhode Island,
AQ G5 ssc aiciarciar 6: 8)saGlateibres cis einys.c sjayeroys elesiein eiminiele ere eiertieieeieieeie coO
2 Area of timberland by ownership class and county,
Rhode stand; 1985 2s0csn.cc cc scicc ssc ee s)eisie a) slsisicsjeies asic 9
3 Area of timberland by county and forest-type group,
Rhode Tsland, 19Bbsisccsccccctssscssessccscsweses tsicis nee sO
4 Area of timberland by county and stand-size class,
Rhode Island, 1985. sccsesccsssscsessssceescstasscasasseecol
5 Area of timberland by county and productivity class,
Rhode: Tsland!; 1985 icici ccis.s.c.cre 00,010,015 070101016) 6 016 seieie.eieceysic cies OD),
6 Area of timberland by county and stocking class of
growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1985.....sseseeee2222 04
i Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership
Glass; Rhode Tstand, 1985.0 occcuuciscciwcicc cis cece s s)clesielsisieisiset
8 Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock
trees and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985........ss..s07
9 Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group,
and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985.......s.sssseeee a23
10 Number of live trees on timberland by species and
diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985......2.c.esceesseesees510
11 Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species
and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985.....ss.sseseesee0019
12 Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by
species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985...........39
13 Net volume of growing stock in the sawlog portion of
sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter
Glass, Rhode island, 1985... osc cs se ciel « 0) s.ciais'c)s\s)eicias =paje4O
14 Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by
species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985........... 42
15 Net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber trees
on timberland by county and species group, Rhode
TS Mandy lO. Ooe erereleleveiiers eres ddeassis sas ecibs scree jest eee teen ee09
16 Net volume of all trees on timberland by class of
timber and species group, Rhode Island, 1985.............30
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Statistical
Net volume of all live, growing-stock, and sawtimber
trees on timberland by species group and ownership class,
HOG ewelesilandhwnt9 OG >rveteratetatelelskarstevelebeteraiciabelevelcterolelolelalevelelelelerersycyeS il
Average annual net growth of growing-stock and
sawtimber volume on timberland by county and species
ZPOUPcocecccevcsecccvrccssesecscvsesesevsecssssececes
Average annual removals of growing-stock and sawtimber
volume on timberland by county and species group...
Average annual net growth and average annual
removals of growing-stock volume on timberland by
species, Rhode Island, 1971-84...ccscescsccsesscee
Average annual net growth and average annual
removals of sawtimber volume on timberland by
species, Rhode Island, 1971-84. ...scsccccccccccccveceves ot]
Average annual mortality of growing-stock and
sawtimber volume on timberland by species, Rhode
rele, IGVIS vo oadcoocodn0s 000 d0000D dn OODdaDDDROODDOOO ONS
Average annual net growth and average annual
removals of growing-stock volume on timberland
by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island,
IGT IBocooascsoccousson caso dooce oNNIAG60G050008
Average annual net growth and average annual
removals of sawtimber volume on timberland by
ownership class and species group, Rhode Island,
ND faidiGal rove avaneveFexecievevevaiesavenctore.ekerede revoke eteKerereveveiers aiclotevererevs evec'elis
Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by
species, size class, and standard-lumber log grade,
Rhode Island,
1IMEHsaocoooccdsc090000cs00000000000000
table
-Not available
-Not available
slerslerereyet0
ocoo00 dy)
- 50
Ay
|
|
(i one , - _
sy il , “f y 7 ' 7
calwrng .0Wld CEs oe «tote
Giz saiact cl cS Sonkeoaee? ——
- ’ e - ¢
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en: vo ‘foe tres ee i
inset ey
oe - % ‘ee *, wy y vy
4 ns “53 0 potatt Seog ™ evi
ye > Shoe? ve . a avy
f “2 <sa% ay
e .
a7 t peo
f Seirs on e~ |
NY
rere Sar oS Suits ¢ pghilvn
ia é 7% ey: 3 ACE cay”
' pe a , beta staat enloage
7 SS - \ ‘J - Cie ian
4 in | :
if iy Mion Taig vgrwva “°° -3S
wai
Salavi ALVLS
oe TABERS
Land area by land class,
Rhode Island, 1985
Timberland 55.1%
Noncommercial
forest land 4.9%
Cropland 3.5%
Pasture ./%
Other nonforest
ela] §=SSute) %
12
Table 1.--Land area by land class, Rhode Island, 1985°
Land class Area
Thousand acres Percent
Timberland Soll 5 Dre
Noncommercial forest land:
Productive reserved 8.4 108
Unproductive? 20.5 3.0
Urban 4.2 56
Total forest 404.8 60.0
Nonforest land:
Cropland©& 23.5 3305)
Pasture 4.6 off
Other 242.2 35.8
Total nonforest 270.3 40.0
Total land areas 675.1 100.0
Rows and columns in all tables may not sum due to rounding.
Ineludes 400 acres of reserved unproductive land
Source: 1982 Census of Agriculture.
Source: 1981 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
aodop
14
Table 2.--Area of timberland by forest type, ners type group, and
Stand-size class, Rhode Island,
1972
(In thousands of acres)?
Forest type and
forest-type group
Sawt imber
Red pine 6.3
White pine 19.0
White pine/hemlock -0
White/red pine group 20d
Pitch pine -0
Hard pine group -0
Wh. pine/no. red oak/wh. ash .0
Eastern redcedar/hardwood -0
Other oak/pine 6.3
Oak/pine group 6.3
Post, black, or bear oak 0
Chestnut oak -0
White oak/red oak/hickory 12.6
White oak 12.6
Northern red oak 6.3
Scarlet oak -0
Red maple/central hardwoods 31.6
Mixed central hardwoods 6.3
Oak/hickory group 69.5
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple 6.1
Elm/ash/red maple group 6.1
Red maple/northern hardwoods 0
Northern hardwoods group 0
Aspen -0
Aspen/birch group 30
All forest types 107.2
b
Stand-size class
Poletimber
G Gh
°
hm D Wr DoD Dd
ws)
CGNWADDA HM
-0
Hato
All
Sapling and classes
seedling Nons tocked
6.3 -0 12.6
0 0 28.7
6.1 -0 6.1
12.4 0 47.4
6.1 -0 18.6
6.1 0 18.6
0 0 6.4
6.1 -0 6.1
12.8 0 25.4
18.9 -0 37.8
18.9 -0 25.0
0 -0 6.4
6.1 -0 Sul 53)
6.4 -0 50.6
6.4 0 48.1
12.8 0 19.1
6.5 0 69.9
6.4 0 Zit
63.4 0 263.0
0 0 Mod
0 0 12.2
0 -0 0
12.5 .0 12.5
6.1 -0 6.1
6.1 -0 6.1
119.3 -0 397.6
"The data on all 1972 tables have been reprocessed so as to be comparable to 1985 data.
In this and other tables, a zero indicates that the data are negligible or the condition
was not encountered in the sample.
current Forest Service definitions.
A dash indicates that the condition is not possible under
Table 3.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and
stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
Forest type and
forest-type group
White pine
White/red pine group
Eastern redcedar
Pitch pine
Hard pine group
Wh. pine/no. red oak/wh. ash
Other oak/pine
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
Chestnut oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
White oak
Northern red oak
Searlet oak
Sassafras/persimmon
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class
= All
Sawtimber Poletimber Seis cla Nonstocked PIESSES
seedling
12.5 4.5 -0 -0 Ufo)
12.5 4.5 60) -0 17.0
3303} -0 -0 -0 3303}
0 9.2 0 -0 9.2
3.3 9.2 0 0 W2>55)
3.4 4.5 0 -0 7.8
18.0 3ol/ -0 0 Paloll
Bil o8} 8.1 .0 -0 29.5
9.6 29.4 6.8 -0 45.7
.0 2.2 -0 -0 2.2
10.2 Hilos 0 -0 22.0
6.8 18.8 3.4 5) 29.0
16.1 29.3 4.7 -0 50.1
19.3 26.0 .0 -0 45.3
-0 3.3 -0 -0 3.3
27.2 26.8 -0 -0 54.0
4.5 -0 -0 0 4.5
93.7 147.6 14.9 -0 256.1
Wo5 3)05) 0 -0 23.0
Uifo5 B65) 0 -0 23.0
oS : -0 -0 od
11.8 8.1 0 0 19.9
19.3 8.1 0 -0 27.4
0 -0 6.2 -0 6.2
0 -0 6.2 -0 6.2
167.5 183.1 21.1 -0 Sot
US
Area of timberland by ownership class,
Rhode Island, 1985
1%
Forest industry
12%
Other public
Other private 87%
16
Table 4.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership
elass,
Forest-type group
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
National Other Forest
Forest public industry
-0 4.8 -0
-0 3.4 -0
.0 3.4 -0
-0 26.3 44
-0 363} -0
-0 6.0 -0
0 -0 0
.0 45.2 44
Other
private
12.2
9.1
26.1
225.4
Piloll
21.4
6.2
322.2
All
classes
17.0
12.5
29.5
256.1
23.0
27.4
6.2
Soff
Table 5.--Area of timberland by stand-size class and ownership
class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stand-size class
Sawtimber
Poletimber
Sapling and seedling
Nonstocked
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
National Other Forest
Forest public industry
-0 29.2 -0
-0 16.0 4.4
0 -0 -0
-0 -0 -0
-9 45.2 4.4
Other
private
138.4
162.7
Pile
0
322.2
All
elasses
167.5
183.1
21.1
-0
B11 31
17/
18
Table 6.--Area of timberland by board-foot stand-volume class and
ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stand-volume class
(board feet per acre)
0 - 1,999
2,000 - 3,999
4,000 - 5,999
6,000 - 7,999
8,000 - 9,999
10 ,000+
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
National
Forest
Ownership class
Other
public
17
10
8
7
Forest
industry
Other
private
173.
90.
Bille
15.
10.
°
oO NO ££ AW ©
322.2
All
classes
195.7
100.9
39.7
23 |
10.2
2.2
SH all
Table 7.--Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock
trees and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stocking
elass
Nonstocked
Poorly stocked
Moderately stocked
Fully stocked
Overstocked
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
National
Forest
e). 40°. deff ce) ve
(2) ©) (Sy 12) |)
Ownership class
Other
public
Forest
industry
Other All
private elasses
-0 .0
30.6 33-5
104.5 116.1
128.1 152.3
58.9 69.8
32252 Bih lente
66%'Z—000'
666'l1—00S'1 N
66%‘1—000'L Z
Sv
6
oo
SS35¢508
SSOSS58509
SSOSoS SSS
ney
Q22
Q
5s
C867 ‘pueTs] epouy
LE
‘(et9e tad yaay o1qna) sseja
IUIN[OA—pueys JOOJ—oOIqno Aq pue[AIVqUMIT} Jo eoly
119
Table 8.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and cubic-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (cubic feet per acre)
Forest-type group oot
0- 500- 1000- 1500- 2000- 25004 classes
499 999 1499 1999 2499
White/red pine Boil -0 -6 1.8 6.6 5.3 17-0
Hard pine 5@) 12.5 -0 -0 -0 .0 12.5
Oak/pine 9.6 4.5 iloZ -0 4.3 -0 29.5
Oak/hickory 19.9 83.7 90.9 44.1 10.4 Tok 256.1
Elm/ash/red maple -0 4,2 9.0 -0 -0 9.9 23.0
Northern hardwoods .0 8.1 4.5 4.4 Sev, 1.8 27-4
Aspen/birch 6.2 -0 -0 -0 -0 0) 6.2
Total, all groups 38.4 112.9 116.0 50.3 29.9 24.1 Syl Se/
Table 9.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and board-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (board feet per acre)
All
HOPCEE Sty PevebeuR 0- 2000- 4000- 6000- 8000- jooope CLaSSe=
1999 3999 5999 7999 9999
White/red pine Bs 7 1.8 3.9 23.58) Byq10) 2.2 17.0
Hard pine 12.5 -0 .0 30) -0 -0 12.5
Oak/pine 14.0 11.2 4,3 -0 -O 0 29.5
Oak/hickory 138.0 80.0 27.2 3.6 {52 .0 256.1
Elm/ash/red maple 9.7 3.4 4.2 5.6 -0 -0 23.0
Northern hardwoods (255) 4.5 -0 10.5 -0 S10) Px pS!
Aspen/birch 6.2 -0 -0 5(0) 0) -0 6.2
Total, all groups 195.7 100.9 39.7 23 10.2 ZA 2. 371.7
eS SS ee SS eS ES EEE EE Eee eee ee
20
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——— ce a ea a NN Ae I
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21
G86l cLb61
ye e|dow's/ysp /w)q
%G 424}0
%69 As0x214/400
YR Tene Y %99 K10y>14/%00
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%6 auid/4D0
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‘dnois adAj—-}so10jJ Aq pue[AaquUIT} Jo early
22
Table 11.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode Island,
1972
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
All
HOVE SAVES (SOUS Poorly Moderately Fully Over- classes
NERS OEE stocked stocked stocked stocked
White/red pine 0 -0 ab 34.8 12.6 47.4
Hard pine -0 0 6.1 6.4 6.1 18.6
Oak/pine -0 0 6.4 25.4 6.1 37.8
Oak/hickory -0 Gel 35.4 164.9 56.6 263.0
Elm/ash/red maple -0 WAZ 50 0 0 WAH
Northern hardwoods -0 -0 6.4 -0 6.1 458)
Aspen/birch -0 -0 6.1 0 0 6.1
Total, all groups -0 18.3 60.3 ABI G 87.5 397.6
Table 12.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode Island,
1985
(In thousands of acres)
ee OEE eee Eee eee ee eee —E——————————E——E—————E
Stocking class
All
Forest-type gro
PS EECA Poorly Moderately Fully Over- classes
N tock
NESS ee stocked stocked stocked stocked
White/red pine 0 2.7 56) 1.8 11.9 17.0
Hard pine .0 -0 6.6 5.9 -0 12.5
Oak/pine -0 3.7 -0 22.4 3.4 29.5
Oak/hickory 0 6.3 63.2 2 Stenlt 62.9 256.1
Elm/ash/red maple -0 0 4,2 2.2 16.6 23.0
Northern hardwoods -0 50 2337/ 14.5 9.2 27.4
Aspen/birch -0 0 3.3 50 2.9 6.2
Total, all groups -0 12.7 81.7 170.5 106.8 Sialieyn
23
Table 13.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class
of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1972
Forest-type group
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
Forest-type group
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
24
Nonstocked
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
Poorly Moderately Fully Over-
stocked stocked stocked stocked
0 24.9 aaa) 0
0 P25 6.1 0
0 Sito 6.3 0
25.4 142.8 76.0 18.8
Geel 0 0 0
0 6.4 6.1 0
0 6.1 0 0
31.5 224.2 117.0 18.8
Table 14.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class
of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1985
Poorly Moderately Fully Over-
Nonstoecked
(DS) (2) (2) (Se) (To) (ee)
(In thousands of acres)
Stoeking class
stocked stocked stocked stocked
Boll -6 lo! 11.9
3.3 3.3 5.9 0
ofl 3.3 19.1 3.4
19.6 99.6 97.9 39.0
4.2 2.2 13.2 3.4
5 (0) Bio 1 14.5 9.2
0 Si3 -0 2.9
33.5 116.1 152.3 69.8
All
classes
47.4
18.6
Yas)
263.0
12.2
12.5
6.1
397.6
All
classes
17.0
12.5
29.5
256.1
23.0
27-4
6.2
371.7
Table 15.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and basal-area class (all live trees),
Rhode Island,
Forest-type group
1985
(In thousands of acres)
Basal-area class (square feet per acre)
50-99
6
100-149
150-199
All
classes
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
12.5
21.5
161.9
6.4
12.6
-0
215.5
17.0
12.5
29.5
256.1
23.0
27.4
6.2
Total, all groups
371-7
25
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26
Table 17.--Number of live trees on timberland by diameter class, tree class,
Diameter
elass
Seedlings
1.0- 2.9
3.0- 4.9
Total seedlings
and saplings
Total poletimber
9.0-10.9
11.0-12.9
13.0-14.9
Total small
sawtimber
15.0-16.9
17.0-18.9
19.0-20.9
21.0-28.9
29.0 and larger
Total larger
sawtimber
All classes
Growing Stock
Softwoods
15,727.9
6,328.6
6,793.3
28, 849.8
2,096.2
1,466.0
3,562.2
819.2
700.3
308.8
1,828.3
347.7
34 587.9
Hardwoods
871,889.
47,779.
22,252.
941,920.
nee
12,209.
6,657.
36,591.
4,009.
2,090.
6,100.
769.
420.
149.
180.
36.
1,556.
986,169.
and species group, Rhode Island,
4
0
4
1985
(In thousands of trees)
Softwoods
8.4
551.2
Hardwoods
144,894.00
15 031.3
1,424.5
161, 349.8
3,923.1
teil sient)
790.5
6,232.3
364.1
263.0
627.1
130.3
30.3
25.2
28.6
10.0
224.5
168,433.7
Total
1,032,511.3
69, 138.9
30 ,470.3
1,132, 120.5
24 ,005.2
15, 403.0
7,448.1
46 , 856.3
892.1
5,074.2
2,661.9
8,628.3
1,062.3
552.1
230.0
245.9
46.7
2,137.0
1,189, 742.0
27
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28
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29
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30
Table 21.-+Number of shrubs and saplings on timberland by stand-size
and mast type, Rhode Island,
Stand-size class
and type of stem
Sawtimber:
Shrubs
Saplings
Total sawtimber
Poletimber:
Shrubs
Saplings
Total poletimber
Sapling/seedling:
Shrubs
Saplings
Total sapling/seedli
Nonstocked:
Shrubs
Saplings
Total nonstocked
Total, all classes
*The data in all
1985
(In thousands of stems)
Nuts
1, 582).:7,
13,652.7
15,235.4
9,459.2
15,463.8
24 ,923.0
ng -0
40, 158.4
Mast type
Other seeds
330, 371.6
22,505.4
352,877.0
878,710.9
30, 430.5
909, 141.4
14, 233.1
11,711.9
25 ,945.0
0
-0
-0
1,287 ,963.4
Berries
1,479,424.6
6,285.1
1,485, 709.7
2,680, 303.0
4,473.2
2,684,776.2
163,678.1
1,221.3
164,899.4
-0
-0
-0
4, 335, 385.3
class, type of sten,
Other
species
554,974.7
-0
554 ,974.7
557 ,969.0
-0
557,969.0
20, 762.0
-0
20,762.0
0
-0
-0
1,133,705.7
Total
stems
2, 366 , 353.6
42, 443.2
2,408 ,796.8
4,126 ,442.0
50 , 367.6
4,176,809.6
198 ,673.2
12 ,933.2
211,606.4
6,797,212.8
wildlife habitat tables except Table 20 are derived from new plots only.
31
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34
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35
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4l
Table 29.--Net green weight* of all trees on timberland by class of timber
and species group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of tons)
Species group
Class of
ERHIS Softwoods Hardwoods sel
groups
Sawtimber trees:
Sawlog portion 928.7 5, 301-5 6,236.2
Upper stem 115.4 1,344.9 1,460.3
Total 1,044.2 6,652.3 7,696.5
Poletimber trees 481.6 6,946.7 7,428.2
All growing stock 15 52501/ 13,599.0 15,124.7
Rough cull trees? 60.8 885 .6 946.4
Rotten cull trees -0 412.5 412.5
Salvable dead trees© 49.5 1,237.8 1,287.4
Saplings« 264.9 2,251.7 2,516.6
Stumps 22.8 389.8 412.5
Tops - growing stock 566.1 5,106.7 5,672.8
Tops = rough and rotten 23.5 521.8 545.2
All nongrowing stock 987.6 10, 805.8 11), 193-5
All classes 2,513.3 24, 404.8 26,918.2
@Ineludes bark and sound cull; excludes rotten cull.
DBole portion of trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.
CInecludes entire tree aboveground.
dof all salvable dead and all live trees 5.0 inches d.b-h.
and larger.
Table 30.--Net volume of all trees on timberland by class
of timber and species group, Rhode Island,
Class of timber
Sawtimber trees:
Sawlog portion
Upper stem portion
Total
Poletimber trees
Total growing stock
Rough trees:
Sawtimber size
Poletimber size
Total
Rotten trees:
Sawtimber size
Poletimber size
Total
Total, all live trees
Salvable* dead trees:
Sawtimber size
Poletimber size
Total
Total, all classes
@Includes noncommercial species.
(In millions of cubic feet)
Softwoods
Hardwoods
129.8
33.6
163.4
184.3
347.7
1985
All groups
167.0
38.5
205.5
198.5
404.0
20.7
456.5
43
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44
Table 31.--Net volume of all live, growing-stock, and sawtimber trees on
timberland by species group and ownership class, Rhode Island,
1985
Ownership class
Species group National Other Forest Other All
Forest public industry private classes
All live
(In millions of cubic feet)
Softwoods -0 15.1 oll 42.8 58.6
Hardwoods -0 51.2 4.7 321.3 SHWilok
Total, all groups -0 66.3 5.4 364.1 435.8
Growing stock
(In millions of cubic feet)
Softwoods -0 14.5 sill 41.0 56.3
Hardwoods 50 47.5 4.3 296.0 347.7
Total, all groups -0 62.0 5.0 337.0 404.0
Sawtimber
(In millions of board feet)@
Softwoods -0 47.8 2.2 125.8 175.8
Hardwoods -0 115.2 8.6 560.9 684.6
Total, all groups -0 163.0 10.8 686.7 860.5
*International 1/4-inch rule.
45
Table 32.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type
group and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
Forest-type
(In millions of cubic feet)
ooooe Sawtimber
White/red pine 29.8
Hard pine 1.4
Oak/pine 22.6
Oak/hickory 122.7
Elm/ash/red maple 238i
Northern hardwoods 23
Aspen/birch 0
Total, all groups 227.4
Stand-size class
Poletimber
Sapling and
seedling Nonstocked
2 0
-0 0
-0 .0
6.4 0
-0 0
0 0
sf .0
1 e 1 . 0
All
classes
Table 33.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type group
and basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode Island, 1985
Forest-type
group
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/bireh
Total, all groups
(In millions of cubie feet)
Basal-area class (square feet per acre)
50-99
100-149 150-199
15.4 16.8
.0 .0
9.1 .0
90.2 14.5
14.9 10.6
20.7 46
.0 .0
150.3 46.4
All
classes
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47
Table 35.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species
and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1972
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
Species Sawt imber Poletimber pe ae Nons tocked a
Red pine 8.6 -0 3.0 0 11.6
Pitch pine 2.4 7.0 Hog} 0 10.7
White pine 30.0 IG 3.6 0 45.3
Hemlock 5 -0 53 0 8
Other softwoods 0 18) .3 0 1.8
Total softwoods 41.6 20.2 8.5 0 70.3
Red maple 32.0 Bia t/ 5.4 0 61.0
Sugar maple -0 1.9 -0 0 1.9
Yellow birch Bat) 1 -0 0 6.0
Sweet birch 0 2.6 -0 -0 2.6
Paper birch -0 .0 5) -0 3G
Hickory 2.4 flo} -0 0 Salty
Beech 5 0 -0 -0 AD)
White ash 8 1.0 -0 a0 1.8
Aspen 0 .4 1.0 -0 1.4
Black cherry A) 0 9 -0 1.4
White oak 19.1 29.5 oS} 0 50.8
Northern red oak TASS Sil al LNA a0 48.5
Other red oaks 23.9 43.6 8.8 -0 76.0
Elm 0 Bt) .4 -0 -9
Other hardwoods oH 7.0 -0 30 12.5
Total hardwoods 101.9 143.6 Bf 0 269.2
8 See, 0 339.5
Total, all species 143.5 163.
Table 36.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species
and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
SIEEELSES Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling gud Nonstocked classes
seedling
Red pine 3.2 0 si -0 3.4
Pitch pine 8 5.5 0 -0 6.3
White pine 38.4 5.8 3 -0 AW 5
Hemlock -0 ont 0 -0 ai
Other softwoods ‘lois 5 52 0 2.0
44. 11.6 6 0 56.3
Red maple 56.8 32.9 = -0 89.9
Sugar maple 4 55 -0 -0 9
Yellow birch 4.3 od ae 0 6.0
Sweet birch 3.8 8 iil a(@) 4.6
Paper birch aS 0 0 -0 73
Hickory 3.4 2.8 22 -0 6.4
Beech 5.0 52 0 .0 5.2
White ash 13.8 2.0 -0 -0 15.8
Aspen Uoff efi -0 -0 3.4
Black cherry -6 51 -0 -0 at
White oak 19.5 18.4 5 0 38.5
Northern red oak 30.0 34.6 1.8 -0 66.3
Other red oaks 41.0 60.1 S8i/ -0 104.8
Elm Ai -0 -0 0 a/
Other hardwoods 2.0 2.3 -0 -0 4.3
Total hardwoods 183.3 157.9 6.5 (0) 347.7
Total, all species 227.4 169.5 Tot .0 404.0
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Table 38.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1972
(In millions of cubic feet)
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
All
classes
13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29+
1l.0-
12.9
7.0-
8.9
5.0-
6.9
Species
16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9
14.9
10.9
11.6
1.0
1.7
6.2
5.1
5.1
Red pine
10.7
3.2 2.5
5.0
2.1
Pitch pine
45.3
oG
3.5
2.9
Boe
8.7
7.4
4.2
4.0
White pine
Hemlock
1.8
Other softwoods
13.9 12.3 8.9 8.3 9.1 2.6 3.4 3.5 1.2 70.3
7.2
Total softwoods
61.0
8.0 4.6 3.2 4.8 1.3 2.6
9.9
12.6
14.0
Red maple
1.9
6.0
1.0
Sugar maple
1.1
1.2
Yellow birch
Sweet birch
2.6
2.3
Paper birch
Hickory
Beech
1.8
1.1
White ash
Aspen
1.4
1.4
50.8
1.1
Black cherry
White oak
2.1
6.9 7.4 1.6
2.2
4.1
10.6
15.4
6.3
11.2
1.4 48.5
4.0
12.3
9.7
13.5
Northern red oak
Other red oaks
Elm
6.9.
16.2
76.0
1.4
1.7 3.0
3.0
7.0
14.7
11.4
12.5
1.2
3.2 4.3 0 1.4
1.6
Other hardwoods
59.5 04.3 41.3 27.0 11.9 12.3 5.1 7.3 1.4 269.2
49.1
Total hardwoods
73.3 66.6 50.2 35.3 21.0 14.9 8.5 10.8 2.6 339.5
56.3
Total, all species
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sepeus TLV qt eapeuy € epeuy 2 epeuy =, epeuy = Sopeud TLTy qt epeuy = € epeuy Zz epeuy | epeay
qyuZTey yseouq 4e useqomeTG ySl< SOSSETO OZTS TIV
(2093 Paboq JO SUOTTTTW UT)
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pue ‘sseTo ezts ‘setoeds Aq pueTuequTy uo seeuq UeqUTIMeS JO SWNTOA 4ON--" th ETAPL
59
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60
Table 46.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of
growing-stock volume on timberland by species,
Rhode Island, 1971-84
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Species Net growth Removals
White pine 790 -857
Other softwoods -1,066 0)
Total softwoods -276 -857
Red maple 3,023 -689
Yellow birch 142 -147
Sweet birch 165 0
Hickory 358 -139
Beech 384 0
White ash 1,128 0
Aspen 156 0
White oak -575 -420
Northern red oak 2,525 -1,080
Other red oaks 3,154 -820
Other hardwoods -766 -46
Total hardwoods 9,694 -3, 341
Total, all species 9,418 -4,198
Table 47.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of
sawtimber volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island,
1971-84
(In thousands of board feet)*
Species Net growth Removals
White pine 3,218 -3,530
Other softwoods -1,532 0)
Total softwoods 1,686 -3,530
Red maple 6,739 -438
Sweet birch 612 0
Hickory 312 -195
Aspen 303 0
White oak 167 -1, 136
Northern red oak 10,589 -2,777
Other red oaks 5,309 -1,973
Other hardwoods 2,984 -363
Total hardwoods 27,015 -6, 883
Total, all species 28,701 -10,413
Se e —— —E——e—Ee—e—ee—E—e—eeeEee————e———e
*International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 48.--Average annual mortality of growing-stock and sawtimber volume
on timberland by species, Rhode Island, 1971-84
Species Growing stock Sawtimber
Thousand cubic feet Thousand board feet”
White pine -173 -680
Other softwoods -703 -1,619
Total softwoods -876 -2,299
Red maple =200 -407
Yellow birch 0 a
Sweet birch -12 0
Hickory -47 0
Beech 0 a
White ash -8 a
Aspen -127 0
White oak -739 -326
Northern red oak -77 0
Other red oaks -355 -1,411
Other hardwoods -777 -47
Total hardwoods =2, 342 -2,191
Total, all species -3,218 -4,490
a Included in Other hardwoods
DbInternational 1/4-inch rule.
Table 49.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of growing-stock volume
on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Growth Removals
Ownership SSS Se SS
class All All
Softwoods Hardwoods groups Softwoods Hardwoods groups
Public -148 1,726 1,578 0 -561 -561
Private -128 7,968 7,840 -857 -2,780 -3, 637
Total, all classes -276 9,694 9,418 -857 -3, 341 -4, 198
Table 50.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of sawtimber volume
on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84.
(In thousands of board feet)?
Growth Removals
Ownership ——
class All All
Softwoods Hardwoods groups Softwoods Hardwoods groups
Public 0 4,540 4,540 0 0 0
Private 1,686 22,475 24,161 -3,530 -6, 883 -10,413
Total, all classes 1,686 27,015 28,701 -3,530 -6,883 -10,413
“International 1/4-ineh rule.
63
Table 51.--Output* of timber products by product, softwoods and hardwoods, and source of material,
Rhode Island, 1984
(In standard units and thousands of cubic feet)
Output from Output from
Total output
Product < roundwood mill residues
and species Standard Units
group Number Thousand Number Thousand Number Thousand
of units ecubie feet of units ecubie feet of units cubic feet
Sawlogs
Softwood M board feet 2,354 360 0 0 2,354 360
Hardwood M board feet 4,290 679 0 0 4,290 679
Total M board feet 6,644 1,039 0 0 6,644 1,039
Veneer
Softwood M board feet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hardwood M board feet 50 8 0 0 50 8
Total M board feet 50 8 0 0 50 8
Pulpwood®
Softwood Standard cords 0 0 12 1 12 1
Hardwood Standard cords 0 0) 188 16 188 16
Total Standard cords 0 0 200 U7/ 200 17
Other products®
Softwood M board feet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hardwood a tboarderect 81 13 0 0 81 13
Total M board feet 81 13 0 0 81 13
ALL INDUSTRIAL
Softwood 360 1 361
Hardwood 700 16 716
Total 1,060 Uy/ 1,077
Fuelwood®
Softwood Standard cords 807 65 47 854 68
Hardwood Standard cords 93,547 7,484 267 21 93,814 7,505
Total Standard cords 94,354 7,548 314 25 94,668 7,573
ALL proDucts!
Softwood 425 5 429
Hardwood 8,184 37 8,221
Total 8,609 42 8,650
“The volume of wood received at manufacturing plants that used roundwood products.
Board feet is expressed on the International 1/4-inech rule basis and standard cords is expressed on a
rough wood basis (includes both roundwood and chips).
A standard cord of pulpwood is equivalent to 85 cubic feet of solid wood.
Includes pallet stock.
A standard cord of fuelwood is equivalent to 80 cubic feet of solid wood.
Does not include 96,000 cubic feet of softwood and 265,000 cubic feet of hardwood residues used for
agricultural bedding.
64
Table 52.--Output of roundwood products by product, softwoods and
hardwoods, and source of material , Rhode Island, 1984
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Product Growing-stock trees Rough Salvable
andespecics— eee and dead Other All
group Poletimber Sawtimber Total rotten trees sources sources
Sawlogs
Softwood 0 285 285 44 2 32 360
Hardwood 1 564 565 54 7 53 679
Total 1 849 850 95 9 85 1,039
Veneer
Softwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hardwood 0 i If 0 0) 1 8
Total 0 7 7 0 0 1 8
Pulpwood
Softwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0
Other products
Softwood 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0
Hardwood 0 12 12 1 0 0 13
Total 0) 12 12 1 0 0 13
ALL INDUSTRIAL
Softwood 0) 285 285 44 2 32 360
Hardwood 1 583 584 55 7 54 700
Total 1 868 869 96 9 86 1,060
Fuelwood
Softwood 0 6 6 7/ 19 23 65
Hardwood 86 543 629 1,979 2,188 2,688 7,484
Total 86 549 635 1,996 2,207 By (ii) 7,549
ALL PRODUCTS
Softwood 0 291 291 58 21 55 425
Hardwood 87 1,126 Wes 2,034 2,195 2,742 8, 184
Total 87 1,417 1,504 2,092 2,216 2,797 8,609
@Growing-stock trees, rough or rotten cull trees, and salvable dead trees are from tim-
berland only. Other sources include trees less than 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height
and tree tops and limbs from timberland, as well as any material from nontimberland or non-
forest land such as fencerows, pastureland, and urban areas.
65
‘Xe
00
bd
x
2 Xd
N
w
0 mM
fon)
n
A= ra)
2 S
5 rs)
oO n
L
(0)
iS
ww
Oo
OX»
XX
Weaceces
KS
foes 250505
esecectctetetcs
24%
Cull
material, Rhode Island, 1984
Salvable dead 26%
Output of roundwood products by source of
66
Table 53.--Timber removals from growing stock and sawtimber on timberland
by component and softwoods and hardwoods, Rhode Island, 1984
Growing stock Sawtimber
Component of
PIES TIBUE Neus) Softwoods Hardwoods on Softwoods Hardwoods NU
species species
-------- Thousand cubic feet-------- -------Thousand board Poatessoces
Roundwood products:
Sawlogs 285 565 850 1,862 3,563 5,425
Veneer 0) 7 7 0 4y 44
Pulpwood 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other products 0 12 12 0 15 75
Fuelwood 6 629 635 38 2,317 2,355
All products 291 1,213 1,504 1,900 5,999 7,899
Logging residues 19 65 84 122 410 532
Withdrawals 89 305 394 245 748 992
Total removals 399 1,583 1,982 2,267 Up USE 9,423
"Logging residue does not include material from tree tops and limbs. Land use change
includes land sufficiently productive to be classified as timberland, but withdrawn from
production through administrative designation, such as for wilderness or parks.
International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 54.--Volume of unused residues from primary manufacturing plants by
softwoods and hardwoods, type of residue, and industry,
Rhode Island, 1984
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Species group and Other All
type of residue Lumber Veneer industries industries
Softwoods ,
Coarse 3 0 0 3
Fine 3 0 0 3
Total 6 0 0 6
Hardwoods
Coarse 2 0 0 2
Fine 0 0 0 0
Total 2 0 0 2
All species
Coarse 5 0 0 5
Fine 3 0 , & 3
Total 8 (0) 0 8
ee ee ee eee
@Includes slabs, edgings, trimmings, veneer cores, and other material
suitaple for chipping.
Includes sawdust, shavings, and other materials considered unsuitable for
chipping.
67
Table 55.--Change in area of timberland between inventories by stand-size
elass, Rhode Island, 1972-85
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class 1972 1985 Change Change
Percent
Sawtimber 107.2 167.5 60.3 56
Poletimber flivaileenl 183.1 12.0 T
Sapling and seedling 119.3 ileal -98.2 -82
Nonstocked .0 -0 -0 0
All classes 397.6 SiAlnen -25.9 -7
Table 56.--Change in volume between inventories, Rhode Island, 1972-85
Growing-stock
Species group
1972 1985 Change Change
--- Millions of cubic feet --- Percent
Softwoods 70.3 56.3 -14.0 -20
Hardwoods 269.2 347.7 78.5 29
Total, all groups 339.5 404.0 64.5 19
Sawtimber
--- Millions of board feet* --- Percent
Softwoods 198.6 175.8 -22.8 -11
Hardwoods 435.6 684.6 249.0 57
Total, all groups 634.3 860.5 226.2 36
@International 1/4-inch rule.
G86l cLbL
26h 4equiya|Od oy Aequinea|od
AS) Buidos /Bulpaes Rexeroe ROS
%Z 4aquilyMos
%Gy Jequinmos
G86t pue 2Z6T ‘puels] spouy
‘sse[d azIs—pueys Aq puel[iaquity jo early
69
70
Table 57.--Sampling errors for estimates in various state-level tables,
1972 and 1985
Rhode Island,
(In percent)
Stand-size class
76 96
Area by
ees See Sawtimber
White/red pine 46
Hard pine 99
Oak/pine 46
Oak/hickory U0
Elm/ash/red maple 46
Northern hardwoods 46
Aspen/birch -
All groups ilictirentt
F Number of
Species and
diameter class a OSS
(Table 19)
(1"+) (5"+)
Red pine 96 96
Pitch pine UT 54
White pine 35 22
Hemlock 69 100
Other softwoods 56 all
Softwoods 25 20
Red maple 19 15
Sugar maple 75 75
Yellow birch 47 35
Sweet birch 6 34
Paper birch 100 100
Hickory 40 30
Beech 58 64
White ash 34 34
Aspen 52 52
Black cherry 68 74
White oak 14 14
Northern red oak 19 15
Other red oaks 19 13
Elm 82 82
Other hardwoods yy 59
Hardwoods 9 7
Total, all species 8.5 6.1
D.b.h. class (inches)
150) WO) Zo) 14
3.0 to 4.9 21
5.0 ito 6.9 9
oO tee) Soe) 9
9.0 to 10.9 8
a0) vO Wad) 10
13.0 to 14.9 11
15.0 to 16.9 16
7/o@ ie iisha©) 19
19.0 to 20.9 29
260 vO Aesin°) 25
29 + 66
All
Poletimber Seip ene Nonstocked CESSES
seedling
71 39
73 59
70 38
12 46 i
71 39
71 37
- ial 71
10.4 37.9 2.4
Growing-stock Sawtimber
volume volume
(Table 38 Table 39) (Table 41 Table 42)
70 94
45 55 50 53
30 29 30 33
71 100 96 -
71 74 101 83
27 26 26 31
24 16 33 23
100 66 - (2
54 30 87 if
72 38 - 58
101 100 - -
53 36 97 yy
100 72 99 83
64 48 73 59
78 52 74 62
73 65 73 =
20 13 26 23
20 14 38 17
15 12 21 16
71 73 101 100
3)\| 4O 51 50
9 Ul 15 10
oP 6.6 9.5 9.9
13 9 = -
11 9 = =
10 9 35 23
12 10 14 11
12 11 14 11
18 17 18 17
20 19 20 19
35 29 32 29
26 25 ay 5)
73 70 71 70
COUNTY TABLES
Providence
i Newport
COUNTY TABLES
72
Table 58.--Land area by county and land class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Forest land area
County Timberland Productive Urban Unproductive Total
reserved forest forest
Kent 66.1 6.1 0 53} 72.5
Providence 150.5 1.6 4.2 1.5 157.9
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 1S 5rre off -0 18.6 174.5
Total iol 8.4 4.2 20.5 404.8
Non-
forest
37.6
108.4
124.1
270.3
Table 59.--Area of timberland by ownership class and county, Rhode Island,
Ownership
class Kent
National Forest 0
Other federal 03}
State 8.3
County and municipal 0
Total public 8.6
Forest industry 0
Farmer Ball
Miscellaneous private:
Individual 43.0
Corporate . 0
Other 11.8
Total private 57.5
All ownerships 66.1
(In thousands of acres)
County
Providence Bristol/Newport/
Washington
0 .0
-0 3
8.9 17.0
10.4 -0
19.3 17 «3
1.8 2.6
14.2 12.9
101.0 87.8
Tol 19.1
Toll 1b 35
Siok 137.9
150.5 155.2
All
counties
Total
land
area
110.1
266.3
298.6
675.1
1985
Table 60.--Area of timberland by county and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Forest-type group
SSS All
County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Nortiern Aspen/ groups
red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwyods birch
Kent 3.9 5.9 9.6 3an5 5.6 Beir 0 66.1
Providence 2.4 -0 11.0 121.0 4.2 5.6 6.2 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington divers 6.6 8.9 101.8 Stent 13.2 .0 155.2
Total, all counties 17.0 iad) 29.5 256.1 23.0 27.4 6.2 ey flav
Table 61.--Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class
County Sapling and All
Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked classes
Kent 29.8 B32 3.0 0 66.1
Providence 52.4 80.0 18.1 -0 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 85.3 69.9 0 0) 155.2
Total, all counties 167.5 183.1 Din .0 371.7
Table 62.--Area of timberland by county and cubie-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (cubie feet per acre)
County 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Ath
= - e 2 Si 00 el s
499 999 1499 1999 2499 ad gees
Kent 15.6 16.3 13.8 3.9 8.7 8.7 66.1
Providence 13e3 34.8 45.3 29.8 13.9 13.2 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 9.4 61.8 56.9 17-4 7.4 2ae 155.2
Total, all counties 38.4 112.9 116.9 50.3 29.9 24.1 EHV
Table 63.--Area of timberlan= by county and gre_n ton stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (green tons per acre)
County All
0-49 50-99 100-149 150+ classes
Kent 3B0f/ 14.1 6.6 9.7 66.1
Providence 38}55) 75.9 41.2 .0 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 22.3 124.2 8.7 -0 155.2
Total, all counties 91.5 214.1 56.5 9.7 371.7
Table 64.--Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock
trees, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
County Poorly Moderately Fully Over- All
Nonstoecked stocked stocked stocked stocked classes
Kent -0 Soff 17.6 Bee 66.1
Providence -0 2.9 39.8 76.2 5 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington -0 26.9 X36 1/ 43.4 26.1 155.2
Total, all counties -0 33.5 11061 152.3 69.8 Silent
Table 65.--Area of timberland by county and productivity class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Productivity class (cubic feet/acre/year )
Very good Good Fair Poor All
County (120+ ) (85-119) (50-84) (20-49) classes
Kent -0 6.7 16.1 43.3 66.1
Providence 1.8 11s} 41.3 96.1 150.5
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 2.2 6.6 26.8 119.5 155.2
Total, all counties 4.0 24.6 84.2 258.8 Sialvents
74
Table 66.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county
and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Forest-type group
County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Northern Aspen/
red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwoods birch
Kent 8.5 5eT 3.2 26.0 8.3 14.7 -0
Providence 3.9 -0 16.5 150.3 10.6 6.8 off
Bristol/Newport/
Washington Bil oil Zo 1 8.6 92.1 10.1 13.9 -0
Total, all counties 33.4 8.8 28.4 268.3 29.0 35.4 off
Table 67.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and
stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
COREY Sawtimber Poletimber SEDANS 2g Nonstocked CHESS
seedling
Kent 41.9 24.0 5 -0 66.4
Providence 92.1 90.0 6.6 a0) 188.7
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 93.4 55.5. .0 .0 148.9
Total, all counties 227.4 169.5 {fol -0 404.0
All
groups
75
76
Table 68.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species
Species
Red pine
Pitch pine
White pine
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Soft maples
Sugar maple
Yellow birch
Sweet birch
Paper birch
Hickory
Beech
White ash
Aspen
Black cherry
White oak
Northern red oak
Other red oaks
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
and county, Rhode Island, 1985
ine)
°
=3W 3
0 0 6 °
Ww Ul
Cache O
a
e
ODVOOWWOONFf CON O £
(In millions of cubic feet)
County
Providence
_
inv)
e
OoNwoowrFfrFnonwwnorth
- £
°
J
e
; ae =
oo ol wo -
Oi. fol en te ure) Xe
—
~
=
Ov
188.7
Bristol/Newport/
Washington
—y
e
or ver 9
noOn~7 —=—MWM- =
00 0 0 eo e e
FOODOOOWO@MOM)0 FW VI
lo
All
Counties
[oo
\O
°
- OV
aleue) es, ie 20
a
= Ov @ Ww U1 U1 OV
°
9S OW
e
wWwNowumn fon fFwoaowvwo
ds
°
Table 69.--Net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber trees on timberland
by county and species group, Rhode Island, 1985
Growing stock Sawtimber
County Softwoods Hardwoods All groups Softwoods Hardwoods All groups
--------- Million cubic feet---------- ---------Million board foot =sssas=-
Kent 15.0 51.4 66.4 471.2 126.0 167.3
Providence 14.2 174.6 188.7 MG 7 326.1 367.8
Bristol/Newport/
Washington PAE | Zio 148.9 92.9 232.5 325.4
Total, all counties 56.3 347.7 404.0 175.8 684.6 860.5
@International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 70.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county
and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of board feet)*
Forest-type group
—EoEoaE—E—E—E—Ee——E—E—————E——— SS All
County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Northern Aspen/ groups
red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwoods birch
Kent 26.1 9.5 7.0 46.9 23.8 54.0 -0 167.3
Providence 7.6 -0 43.7 279.2 23.0 13.6 -6 367.8
Bristol/Newport/
Washington (Soil 5.6 15.6 187.1 18.7 25.3 a0) 325.4
Total, all counties 106.7 15.01 66.3 513.3 65.5 92.9 -6 860.5
@International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 71.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and
stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of board feet)*
Stand-size class
All
Geounty Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and Nonstocked elasaes
seedling
Kent 134.4 31.2 trail -0 167.3
Providence 259.1 95.9 12.8 -0 367.8
Bristol/Newport/
Washington 272.3 Baia .0 .0 325.4
Total, all counties 665.8 180.2 14.4 .0 860.5
*International 1/4-ineh rule.
77
78
Table 72.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species
and county, Rhode Island,
Species
Red pine
Pitch pine
White pine
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Red maple
Sugar maple
Yellow birch
Sweet birch
Paper birch
Hickory
Beech
White ash
Aspen
Black cherry
White oak
Northern red oak
Other red oaks
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
aInternational
1 PM
=
Nt hoe =
°
—- WwW
WFwo
oo Oo O OC
GCDOMANMNODOOWWWN OC ONO
126.0
167.3
1/4-inch rule.
1985
(In millions of board feet)®
County
Providence
~
=
ee
-
e
Ww
un Oo
G0 0 0
OH DAWO DTD OHANONOONA
~]0 fo
—3= = NOF
oo Oo
Bristol/Newport/
Washington
1
-—
e) Mel tele
OF WOOO UAW =
All
counties
9.2
11.4
150.6
-0
4.5
175.8
=)
Ov
YUN A
°
==
ANUA
uns :
ss
Oo Ul OD
a - A-~A ©
eo Oo Od
MH FoOOOUWWWT =| OVNNM A
Table 73.--Number of all live nut- and fruit-producing trees on
timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Species
Eastern redcedar
Hickory
Dogwood
Beech
Blaeckgum
Blaek cherry
White oak
Searlet oak
Pin oak
Northern red oak
Black oak
Sassafras
Total, all species
(In thousands of trees)
County
Providence
.0
195.9
.0
.0
.0
107.5
2,302.0
2,073.9
nO)
6,308.7
4,161.9
152.7
15, 302.6
Bristol/Newport/
Washington
22.2
543.0
108.6
439.1
198.6
642.7
3,463.3
4,549.0
-0
993.5
1,302.5
162.9
12,425.4
All
counties
222
75722
108.6
948.9
198.6
750.2
7,027.0
8,359.4
84.2
8,613.8
6,604.0
315.6
33, 789.7
Table 74.--Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs with observed browse and percent
of total on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Species
Red maple
Flowering dogwood
White ash
Pin cherry
Black cherry
Total trees
Spirea species
Blueberry speciess
Total deciduous shrubs
All species
Kent
Number
browsed
4,906.7
-0
17, 254.5
17,254.5
22,161.2
(In thousands of stems)
Percent
of total
(@) (2) (©) (s) (=)
County
Provide
Number
browsed
2,730.7
-0
9,394.6
-0
2,442.6
14,567.8
1565-3
-0
1,365.3
15 , 933-2
nce
Percent
of total
o--—
Bristol/Newport/
Washington
Number Percent
browsed of total
°
(2)
GOOONO
7,083.5
10, 248.9
Total
browsed
22, 640.0
1,365.3
24 , 338.0
25,703.3
48 , 343.3
79
Table 75.--Number of standing dead trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on timberland by
species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of trees)
County
Bristol/Newport/ All
Species Kent Providence Washington counties
Red pine 86.9 .0 50) 86.9
Pitch pine 590.0 0 0 590.0
White pine 10 .0 124.8 124.8
Other softwoods 0 .0 366.9 366.9
Total softwoods 676.9 50) 491.8 1, 1687
Red maple 0 363.9 146.3 510.2
Sweet birch -0 .0 54.3 54.3
Hickory 0 -0 54.3 54.3
White ash 0 106.0 131.0 23}1( 00)
Black cherry m0) 53300) .0 53.0
White oak 217.4 834.9 1,172.6 2,224.8
Northern red oak 254.0 1,O116%/ 116.8 1,382.5
Other red oaks Dilfot 317.1 229.0 663.2
Elm -0 195.5 0 195.5
Other commercial hardwoods Ae) 232.2 0 232.2
Noncommercial hardwoods -0 124.5 54.3 178.8
Total hardwoods 588.4 3,238.9 1,958.7 5,785.9
Total, all species 1,265.3 3,238.9 2,450.4 6,954.6
Table 76.--Index to land-use edge by type of land use and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Land-use edge type
Forest -
forest
shrub
agricultural/
herbaceous
eultural
Shrub -
agricultural/
herbaceous
eultural
Agicultural/herbaceous -
eultural
Hedgerow
Transportation
right-of-way
Utility
right-of-way
Aquatic
All types
Number of edge plots
Number of edge hits
55.9
16
501
(Edge hits per thousand acres)
County
Bristol/Newport/ All
Providence Washington counties
Lo 10.0 8.6
1.8 2.4 Bok
SjaZ 6.0 4.1
flalran(s 8.2 10.51
6 .8 6
tl a5) 6
8 2.0 oS}
5 30 1.6
10.8 15.0 13.8
2.9 ofl 6
8.8 13.2 1o®
48.7 61.8 5B.al0)
38 44 95
1,036 1,418 2,955
“Edge condition on an aerial photograph sampled by a line transect (Brooks and Sykes 1984).
81
82
Table
County
Kent
Providence
Bristol/Newport/
Washington
Total
77.--Sampling errors for various county-level estimates,
Rhode Island, 1985
(In percent)
Timberland Growing-stock
area volume
2.6 18.9
3.2 9.6
4.8 9.9
2.4 6.6
Sawtimber
volume
APPENDIX
83
Literature Cited
Brooks, Robert T.; Sykes, Karen J. 1984.
Sampling land use edge from aerial
photographs--line transect vs. circular
patterns. Res. Note NE-321. Broomall, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Stataoniy Op.
Peters, John R.; Bowers, Theresa M. 1977.
Forest Statistics for Rhode Island.
Resour. Bull. NE-49. Upper Darby, PA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 38 p.
Seott, Charles T. 1979. Northeastern forest
survey board-foot volume equations. Res.Note
NE-271. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Scott, Charles T. 1981. Northeastern forest
survey revised cubic-foot volume equations.
Res. Note NE-304. Broomall, PA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Appendix
Definition of Terms
Acceptable tree. (a) Live sawtimber trees that
do not qualify as preferred trees but are not
cull trees. (b) Live poletimber trees that
prospectively will not qualify as preferred
trees, but are not now or prospectively cull
trees.
Accretion. The estimated net growth on
growing-stock trees that were measured during
the previous inventory, divided by the number of
growing seasons between surveys. It does not
include the growth on trees that were cut during
the period, nor those trees that died.
al i/herb Al - Land with
herbaceous plant cover, both grasses and/or
forbs, including cropland, pasture land, and
natural grass lands.
Aquatic edge. An edge condition created when a
terrestrial land use abuts a lake, pond, river,
stream, or major wetland.
Basal area class. A classification of forest
land in terms of basal area (cross sectional
area of a tree stem at breast height in square
feet per acre) of all live trees of all sizes.
Board-foot. A unit of lumber measurement 1 foot
long, 1 foot wide, and 1 inch thick, or its
equivalent.
84
Board-foot stand-volume class. A classification
of forest land in terms of net board-foot volume
of sawtimber trees per acre.
Bog /M Ss - Land that has less than 10
percent stocking with live trees; and which
characteristically supports low, generally
herbaceous or shrubby vegetation, and which is
intermittently covered with water during all
seasons; includes tidal areas that are covered
with salty or brackish water during high tides.
Browse. Forage resource; defined here as
current twig growth of woody-stemmed plants
occurring between 1 and 8 feet in height.
Browse-utilization class. Four levels of browse
use; none, light (1-10 percent available),
moderate (11-40), and heavy (greater than 40
percent).
Cabin Jog. A relatively slender roundwood
product that is cut to standard sizes; meets
specifications of strength, straightness, and
soundness; and is finished for use in
constructing cabins, barns, and other buildings.
Cavity. A hollowed out space in a tree, either
natural or faunal caused; frequently used as a
nesting site or temporary refuge by many species
of wildlife.
Coarse pesidues. Manufacturing residues
suitable for chipping, such as slabs, edgings,
and veneer cores.
Commercial species. Tree species presently or
prospectively suitable for industrial wood
products. Excludes species of typically small
size, poor form, or inferior quality, such as
hawthorn or sumac.
Condition class. Classification of trees based
on live or dead and condition of top of the tree
(i.e. intact, broken, dead).
Cord. See Standard cord.
County and municipal Jands. Lands owned by
counties and local public agencies or
municipalities or leased to them for 50 years or
more.
Cropland. Land that currently supports
agricultural crops including silage and feed
grains, bare farm fields resulting from
cultivation or harvest, and maintained orchards.
Cubic-foot stand-volume class. A classification
of forest land in terms of net cubic-foot volume
of all live trees per acre.
Cull tree. A rough tree or a rotten tree.
Cull increment. The net volume of growing-stock
trees on the previous inventory that became
rough or rotten trees in the current inventory,
divided by the number of growing seasons between
surveys.
Cultural jJand. Land with human development as
the major land cover; includes industrial,
commercial, and residential land uses.
i r hei -Dishewis ee ne
diameter outside bark of a standing tree
measured at 4-1/2 feet above the ground.
Farmer-owned lands. Lands owned by farm
operators, whether part of the farmstead or not.
Excludes land leased by farm operators from
nonfarm owners.
Federal lands. Lands (other than National
Forests) administered by Federal agencies.
Fine residues. Manufacturing residues not
suitable for chipping, such as sawdust and
shavings.
Forest industry lands. Lands owned by companies
or individuals that operate primary wood-using
plants.
Forest land. Land that is at least 10 percent
stocked with trees of any size, or that formerly
had such tree cover and is not currently
developed for a nonforest use. The minimum area
for classification of forest land is 1 acre.
Forest type. A classification of forest land
based on the species that form a plurality of
live tree basal area stocking.
Forest-type group. A combination of forest
types that share closely associated species or
site requirements. The many forest types in
Rhode Island were combined into the following
major forest-type groups (the descriptions apply
to forests in Rhode Island): ;
a. White/red pine--forests in which white
pine, hemlock, or red pine make up the plurality
of the stocking, singly or in combination;
common associates include sugar maple, red
maple, red spruce, balsam fir, and paper birch.
b. Hard pine--forests in which eastern
redecedar or pitch pine, singly or in combination
comprise a plurality of the stocking; common
associates include oaks, gray birch, red maple,
and blackgun.
e. OQak/pine--forests in which northern red
oak or white ash, singly or in combination, make
up a plurality of the stocking but where white
pine contributes 25 to 50 percent of the
stocking; beech, red spruce, and sugar maple are
associates.
d. OQOak/hickory--forests in which upland oaks,
red maple (when associated with central
hardwoods), or hawthorn, singly or in
combination, make up a plurality of the stocking
and in which white pine makes up less than 25
percent of the stocking; common associates
include white pine, paper birch, red spruce,
beech, hemlock, sugar maple, and red maple.
e. Elm/ash/red maple--forests in which black
ash, elm, red maple (when growing on wet sites),
willow, or green ash, singly or in combination,
make up a plurality of the stocking; common
associates include balsam fir, red maple, aspen,
and white ash.
f. Northern hardwoods--forests in which sugar
maple, beech, yellow birch, red maple (when
associated with northern hardwoods), pin cherry,
or black cherry, singly or in combination, make
up a plurality of the stocking; common
associates include balsam fir, red spruce, paper
birch, hemlock, white ash, aspen, and basswood.
g. Aspen/birch--forests in which aspen, paper
birch, or gray birch, singly or in combination,
make up a plurality of the stocking; common
associates include balsam fir, red maple, red
spruce, white ash, and white pine.
Fuelwood. Round, split, or chipped woody
material (with or without bark) that is
converted to household, commercial, or
industrial energy.
Geographic unit. A county or a group of
counties within a state that is large enough to
provide an adequate sample that will yield
statistically reliable estimates of timberland
area, volume, and components of change.
Green ton. A unit of measure of green weight
equivalent to 2,000 pounds or 907.1848
kilograms.
Green ton stand-volume class. A classification
of forest land in terms of net green weight of
the aboveground components of all live trees per
unit area. It is usually expressed in green
tons per acre.
Green weight. The weight of wood and bark as it
would be if it had been recently cut. It is
usually expressed in pounds or tons.
Gross growth. The sum of accretion and
ingrowth.
Growing-stock trees. Live trees of commercial
species classified as sawtimber, poletimber,
saplings, or seedlings; that is, all live trees
of commercial species except rough and rotten
trees.
85
Growing-stock volume. Net volume, in cubic
feet, of growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h.
and larger from a 1-foot stump to a minimum
4 .0-inch top diameter outside bark of the
central stem, or to the point where the central
stem breaks into limbs. Net volume equals gross
volume, less deduction for cull.
Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually
broad-leaved and deciduous.
Harvested cropland. All land from which crops
were harvested or hay was cut and all land in
orchards, citrus groves, vineyards, and nursery
and greenhouse products.
Idle farmland. Former cropland or pasture that
has not been tended within the last 2 years and
that has less than 10 percent stocking with live
trees, (established seedlings or larger trees)
regardless of species.
Improved/maintained pasture. Land that is
currently used and maintained for grazing (not
including grazed cropland).
Indian lands. (a) Lands held in trust by the
United States or States for Indian tribes or
individual Indians. (b) Lands owned in fee by
Indian tribes whether subject to Federal or
State restrictions against alienation or not.
at trial 1m ial - supply yards,
parking lots, factories, etc.
Industrial ts. All roundwood products
except fuelwood.
In wth. The estimated net volume of
growing-stock trees that became 5.0 inches
d.b.h. or larger during the period between
inventories, divided by the number of growing
seasons between surveys.
International i1/4-inch rule. A log rule or
formula for estimating the board-foot volume of
logs. The mathematical formula is:
(0.22p°
- 0.71D) (0.904762)
for 4-foot sections, where D=diameter inside
bark at the small end of the log section. This
rule is used as the USDA Forest Service standard
log rule in the Eastern United States.
Land area. (a) Bureau of Census: The area of
dry land and land temporarily or partly covered
by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river
flood plains; streams, sloughs, estuaries, and
canals less than 1/8 statute mile wide; and
lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 40 acres
in area. (b) Forest Inventory and Analysis:
same as (a) except that the minimum width of
streams, etc., is 120 feet, and the minimum size
of lakes, etc., is 1 acre.
Land-use edge. A condition created by the
juxtaposition of two differing land uses.
86
Logging residues. The unused portions of
growing-stock trees harvested or killed in the
process of logging.
Manufacturing plant residues. Wood materials
that are generated when round timber (roundwood)
is converted into wood products. This includes
slabs, edgings, trimmings, bark, miscuts,
sawdust, shavings, veneer cores and clippings,
and pulp screening. If these residues are used,
they are referred to as plant byproducts.
Mast. Seed produced by woody-stemmed, perennial
plants, generally refers to soft (fruit) and
hard (nuts) mast.
Mining and waste land. Surface mining, gravel
pits, dumps.
Miscellaneous private lands. Privately owned
lands other than forest industry and
farmer-owned lands.
Mortality. The estimated net volume of
growing-stock trees at the previous inventory
that died from natural causes before the current
inventory, divided by the number of growing
seasons between surveys.
National Forest lands. Federal lands legally
designated as National Forests or purchase units
and other lands administered as part of the
National Forest System by the USDA Forest
Service.
Net change. The difference between the current
and previous inventory estimates of
growing-stock volume, divided by the number of
growing seasons between surveys. Components of
net change are ingrowth plus accretion, minus
mortality, minus cull increment, minus removals.
Net green weight. The green weight of woody
material less the weight of all unsound (rotten)
material.
Net growth. The change, resulting from natural
causes, in growing-stock volume during the
period between surveys, divided by the number of
growing seasons. Components of net growth are
ingrowth plus accretion, minus mortality, minus
cull increment.
Noncensus water. Streams/rivers between 120
feet and 1/8 mile in width, and bodies of water
between 1 and 40 acres in size. The Burea of
the Census classifies such water as land.
Noncommercial forest land. Productive reserved,
urban, and unproductive forest land.
Noncommercial species. Tree species of
typically small size, poor form, or inferior
quality that normally do not develop into trees
suitable for industrial wood products.
Nonforest Jand. Lard that has never supported
forests, or land formerly forested but now in
nonforest use such as cropland, pasture,
residential areas, and highways.
Nonsalvable dead tree. A dead tree with most or
all of its bark missing that is at least 5.0
inches in diameter at breast height and is at
least 10 feet in height.
Nonstocked area. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with less than 10 percent
of minimum full stocking with all live trees.
Other cropland. Includes cropland used for
cover crops; legumes, soil-improvement.
Other farmland. All nonforest land on a farm
excluding cropland, pasture, and idle farmland;
includes farm lanes, stock pens, and farmsteads.
Ownership class. A classification of forest
land based upon ownership and nature of business
or control of decisionmaking for the land. It
encompasses all types of legal entities having
ownership interest in the land, whether public
or private.
Pasture land. Includes any pasture land other
than cropland and woodland pasture. Can include
lands which had applied lime fertilizer, seed,
improved by irrigation, drainage, or control of
weeds and brush.
Pas c it - Includes rotation pasture
and grazing land that would have been used for
crops without additional improvement.
Pili il - Relatively slender structural
roundwood products that are cut to the maximum
length possible (within top circumference and
other specifications of strength, straightness,
and soundness) that when nearly buried in the
ground provide vertical or lateral support for
buildings, foundations, bridges, docks, and
other structures.
Plant byproducts. Wood products, such as pulp
chips, recycled from manufacturing plant
residues.
Poletimber stand. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of
minimum full stocking with all live trees with
half or more of such stocking in poletimber or
Sawtimber trees or both, and in which the
stocking of poletimber exceeds that of
Sawtimber.
Poletimber tree. Live trees of commercial
Species meeting regional specifications of
soundness and form and at least 5.0 inches in
d.b.h., but smaller than sawtimber trees.
Preferred tree. A high-quality tree, froma
lumber viewpoint, that would be favored in
cultural operations. General characteristics
include grade 1 butt log (if sawtimber size),
good form, good vigor, and freedom from serious
damage.
Productive reserved forest Jand. Forest land
sufficiently productive to qualify as
timberland, but withdrawn from timber
utilization through statute, administrative
designation, or exclusive use for Christmas tree
production.
Primary manufacturing plant. A plant that
converts round timber into wood products such as
woodpulp, lumber, veneer, cooperage, and
dimension products.
Pulpwood. Roundwood converted into 4- or 5-foot
lengths or chips, and chipped plant byproducts
that are prepared for manufacture into woodpulp.
Recreation site. Parks, campgrounds, playing
fields, tracks, etc.
Removals. The net growing-stock volume
harvested or killed in logging, cultural
operations--such as timber stand improvement--or
land clearing, and also the net growing-stock
volume neither harvested nor killed but growing
on land that was reclassified from timberland to
noncommercial forest land during the period
between surveys. This volume is divided by the
number of growing seasons.
Ri -of- . Highways, pipelines, powerlines,
canals.
Rotten tree. A live tree of commercial species
that does not contain at least one 12-foot
sawlog or two noncontiguous sawlogs, each 8 feet
or longer, now or prospectively, and does not
meet regional specifications for freedom from
defect primarily because of rot; that is, more
than 50 percent of the cull volume in the tree
is rotten.
Rough tree. (a) The same as a rotten tree,
except that a rough tree does not meet regional
specifications for freedom from defect primarily
because of roughness or poor form; also (b) a
live tree of noncommercial species.
Roundwood products. Logs, bolts, total tree
chips, or other round timber generated by
harvested trees for industrial or consumer uses.
Salvable dead trees. A tree at least 5.0 inches
in diameter at breast height that has recently
died and still has intact bark. The tree may be
standing, fallen, windthrown, knocked down, or
broken off.
Sampling error. A measure of the reliability of
an estimate, expressed as a percentage of the
estimate. The sampling errors given in this
report correspond to one standard deviation and
are calculated as the square root of the
variance, divided by the estimate, and
multiplied by 100.
87
Saplings. Live trees 1.0 inch through 4.9
inches d.b.h.
Sapling-seedling stand. A stand-size class of
forest land that is stocked with at least 10
percent of minimum full stocking with all live
trees with half or more of such stocking in
saplings or seedlings or both.
Sawlog. A log meeting regional standards of
diameter, length, and freedom from defect,
including a minimum 8-foot length and a minimum
diameter inside bark of 6 inches for softwoods
and 8 inches for hardwoods. (See specifications
under Log-Grade Classification).
Sawlog portion. That part of the bole of a
sawtimber tree between the stump and the sawlog
top; that is, the merchantable height.
Sawlog top. The point on the bole of a
Sawtimber tree above which a sawlog cannot be
produced. The minimum sawlog top is 7.0 inches
diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) for softwoods and
9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Sawtimber stand. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of
minimum full stocking with all live trees with
half or more of such stocking in poletimber or
sawtimber trees or both, and in which the
stocking of sawtimber is at least equal to that
of poletimber.
Sawtimber trees. Live trees of commercial
species at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods
or 11.0 inches for hardwoods, containing at
least one 12-foot sawlog or two noncontiguous
8-foot sawlogs, and meeting regional
specifications for freedom from defect.
Sawtimber volume. Net volume in board feet, by
the International 1/4-inch rule, of sawlogs in
sawtimber trees. Net volume equals gross volume
less deductions for rot, sweep, and other
defects that affect use for lumber.
Seedlings. Live trees less than 1.0-inch d.b.h.
and at ‘east 1 foot in height.
Shrub. Woody-stemmed perennial plant, generally
with no well-defined main stem and less than 12
feet in height at maturity; defined by species.
Shrub land. Land with shrub and/or tree cover
and an obvious herbaceous understory; average
canopy height of less than 25 feet and crown
closure of less than 70 percent.
- Single-family/custom house. Single-family
dwelling and the immediately adjacent managed
land.
Snag. Standing dead tree, with most or all of
its bark missing that is at least 5.0 inches in
diameter and at least 10 feet tall (does not
include salvable dead).
88
Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen
and having needles or scalelike leaves.
Stand. A group of forest trees growing on
forest land.
Stand area class. The area, contiguous to the
plot, that is of the same overall stand size and
major type group (hardwood, softwood, or uniform
mixture of both).
Stand-size class. A classification of forest
land based on the size class (that is,
seedlings, saplings, poletimber, or sawtimber)
of all live trees in the area.
Standard cord. A unit of measure for stacked
bolts of wood, encompassing 128 cubic feet of
wood, bark, and air space. Fuelwood cord
estimates can be derived from cubic-foot
estimates of growing stock by applying an
average factor of 80 cubic feet of solid wood
per cord. For pulpwood, a conversion of 85
cubic feet of solid wood per cord is used
because pulpwood is more uniform.
Standard-lumber log grade. A classification of
the quality of sawtimber volume based on
standard sawlog grades for hardwoods, white
pine, and southern pine. (Note: In Rhode
Island, red pine was graded using the southern
pine guidelines. All specifications are shown
under Log-Grade Classification).
State lands. Lands owned by the State or leased
to the State for 50 years or more.
Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by
trees, measured by basal area and/or number of
trees in a stand compared to the basal area
and/or number of trees required to fully use the
growth potential of the land (or the stocking
standard). In the Eastern United States this
standard is 75 square feet of basal area per
acre for trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger, or
its equivalent in numbers of trees per acre for
seedlings and saplings.
Two categories of stocking are used in this
report: all live trees and growing-stock
trees. The relationships between the classes
and the percentage of the stocking standard
are: nonstocked = 0 to 9, poorly stocked = 10
to 59, moderately stocked = 60 to 99, fully
stocked = 100 to 129, and overstocked = 130 to
160.
Strip mine. Area devoid of vegetation due to
current or recent general excavation.
Stump. The main stem of a tree from ground
level to 1 foot above ground level, including
the wood and bark.
Atal al! - Forest land producing or capable of
producing crops of industrial wood (more than 20
cubic feet per acre per year) and not withdrawn
from timber utilization. Formerly known as
commercial forest land.
Timber products. Roundwood (round timber)
products and manufacturing plant byproducts
harvested from growing-stock trees on
timberland; from other sources, such as cull
trees, sSalvable dead trees, limbs, tops and
saplings; and from trees on noncommercial forest
and nonforest lands.
Timber removals. The growing-stock or sawtimber
volume of trees removed from the inventory for
roundwood products, plus logging residues,
volume destroyed during land clearing, and
volume of standing trees on land that was
reclassified from timberland to noncommercial
forest land (See Table 53).
Top. The wood and bark of a tree above the
merchantable height (or above the point on the
stem 4.0 inches in diameter outside bark). It
generally includes the uppermost stem, branches,
and twigs of the tree, but not the foliage.
Tract/multiple family. Multiple individual
residential units or attached units (e.g.
apartment buildings, condominiums) and
immediately adjacent managed land.
Transportation right-of-way. Land associated
with highways and railroads.
Tree class. A classification of the quality or
condition of trees for sawlog production. Tree
class for sawtimber trees is based on their
present condition. Tree class for poletimber
trees is a prospective determination--a forecast
of their potential quality when they reach
sawtimber size (11.0 inches d.b.h. for
hardwoods, 9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods).
Trees. Woody plants that have well-developed
stems and are usually more than 12 feet in
height at maturity.
Unproductive forest land. Forest land that is
incapable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre
per year of industrial wood under natural
eonditions, because of adverse site conditions.
Un d uri resid - Plant residues
that are dumped or destroyed and not recovered
for plant byproducts.
Upper-stem portion. That part of the main stem
or fork of a sawtimber tree above the sawlog top
to a diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to
the point where the main stem or fork breaks
into limbs.
Urban forest land. Noncommercial forest land
within urban areas that is completely surrounded
by urban development (not parks), whether
commercial, industrial, or residential.
Utility right-of-way. Land associated with
pipeline and electric transmission lines;
identified only if vegetative cover differs from
adjacent land use.
Veneer log or bolt. A roundwood product from
which veneer is sliced or sawn that usually
meets certain minimum standards of diameter,
length, and defect.
V suitab 1 The sound volume
(only rotten cull excluded) of growing-stock and
rough trees.
Windb w. Linear areas, less than 120
feet in width; with predominantly tree and/or
shrub vegetation.
89
Log-grade classification
Methods of determining scaling deduction.
(Examples based on a 16-foot log with 20-inch scaling diameter)
forsee
\
CULL |
!
nig
Defect section (rule 1): Percent deduction = = = 25%
eee ape
60.
so) = 6-1/4%
Defect section (rule 2): Percent deduction = (&) (
a
Sweep (rule 3): Percent deduction = aa
= 30%
Crook (rule 4): Percent deduction = (30) (se) = 12-1/2%
fei tioeetl
Interior defect (rule 5):
(8) (10) 4
—_ x —
(20-1)2 16
Percent deduction = = 5-5/9%
In practice each elipse axis can be divided by (20—1)
BSE
16
From: Grosenbaugh, L.R. 1952. Shortcuts for cruisers and scalers. U.S.
Dep, Agric. For. Serv. South. For Exp. Stn. Occas. Pap. 126.
Thus 4 = 4.72 5, and (.4) (.5) (45) = 5%
90
o
STANDARD GRADES FOR HARDWOOD FACTORY LUMBER LOGS
Log grades
: ‘ [ne
Grading Factors F3
Butts &
uppers
Position in tree
Scaling diameter, inches
Length without trim, feet
Required clear Min. length, feet
cuttings‘ of each
of 3 best faces* Max. number
Min. proportion of
log length required
in clear cutting
Maximum For logs with jess
sweep & crook than 4 of end in
allowance sound defects
For logs with more
than 4 of end in
sound defects
Maximum scaling deduction
End defects although not visible in standing trees, are important in grading cut logs. Instructions for deal-
ing with this factor are contained in Forest Prod. Lab. Rpt. D 1737. ,
2Ash and basswood butts can be 12 inches if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s.
>Ten-inch logs of all species can be #2 if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s.
°A clear cutting is the portion of a face, extending the width of the face, that is free of defects.
4A face is 4 of the surface of the log as divided lengthwise.
"Otherwise #1 logs with 41-60% deductions can be #2.
‘Otherwise #2 logs with 51-60% deductions can be #3.
From: Vaughan, C. L., A. C. Wollin, K. A. McDonald, and E. H. Bulgrin. 1966. Hardwood log grades for
standard lumber. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-63.
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HARDWOOD CONSTRUCTION LOGS.”
Position in tree Butt & upper
Min. diameter, small end 8 inches +
Min. length, without trim 8 feet
Clear cuttings No requirements.
Sweep allowance, absolute 1/4 diameter small end for each 8 feet of length.
Any number, if no one knot has an average diameter above
Single knots the callus in excess of 1/3 of log diameter at point of occur-
rence.
Sound Any number if sum of knot diameters above the callus does
surface not exceed 1/3 of log diameter at point of occurrence.
defects
Any number provided none has a diameter over !/3 of log
diameter at point of occurrence, and none extends over 3
inches into included timber.”
Same requirements as for sound defects if they extend into
Unsound surface defects included timber.” No limit if they do not.
No requirements.
End None allowed; log must be sound internally, but will admit
defects 1 shake not to exceed 1/4 the scaling diameter and a longi-
Unsound tudinal split not extending over 5 inches into the contained
timber.
@These specifications are minimum for the class. If, from a group of logs, factory logs are selected first, thus leaving only non-
factory logs from which to select construction logs, then the quality range of the construction logs so selected is limited, and the
class may be considered a grade. If selection for construction logs is given first priority, then it may be necessary to subdivide the
class into grades.
>Included timber is always square, and dimension is judged from small end.
I
From: Rast, E. D., D. L. Sonderman, and G. L. Gammon. 1973. A guide to hardwood log grading (Revised). USDA For. Serv. Gen.
Tech. Rep. NE-1.
91
92
EASTERN WHITE PINE SAWLOG GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
GRADING FACTOR | LOG GRADE 1 | LOG GRADE 2 LOG GRADE 3 LOG GRADE 4
(1) MINIMUM SCALING ae
DIAMETER (inches) Me
LENGTH (feet )
(3) MAXIMUM WEEVIL
INJURY (number)
No GOOD FACES REQUIRED. | Includes all logs not
Maximum diameter of log knots on three best qualifying for No. 3
faces: or better and judged
to have at least
one-third of their gross
volume in sound wood
suitable for manu-
facture into standard
lumber.
10?
Two full length or
four 50‘, length
good faces.*
(In addition, log
knots on balance of
faces shall not
exceed size limita-
tions of grade 2
loys. )
SOUND RED KNOTS] SOUND RED KNOTS
not to exceed 1/6 not to exceed 1/3
scaling diameter and scaling diameter and 5
3 inch maximum. inch maximum.
DEAD OR BLACK DEAD OR BLACK
KNOTS including KNOTS including
overgrown knots not overgrown knots not
to exceed 1/12 scaling | to exceed 1/6 scaling
diameter and 11/ inch | diameter and 2!/, inch
maximum. maximum.
(4) MINIMUM FACE
REQUIREMENTS
(5) MAXIMUM SWEEP
OR CROOK ALLOW-
ANCE (percent)
(6) MAXIMUM TOTAL
SCALING DEDUC-
TION (percent)
After the tentative log grade is established from face examination, the log will be reduced in grade whenever the fol-
lowing defects are evident:
(7) CONKS, PUNK KNOTS, AND PINE BORER DAMAGE ON BARK SURFACE?
Degrade one grade if present on one face.
Degrade two grades if present on two faces.
Degrade three grades if present on three or more faces.
(8) LOG END DEFECTS: RED ROT, RING SHAKE, HEAVY STAIN AND PINE BORER DAMAGE OUTSIDE
HEART CENTER OF LOG:
Consider log as having a total of 8 quarters (4 on each end) and degrade as indicated below:
Degrade one grade if present in 2 quarters of log ends.
Degrade two grades if present in 3 or 4 quarters of log ends.
Degrade three grades if present in 5 or more quarters of log ends.
112 and 13 inch logs with four full length good faces are acceptable.
28 foot logs with four full length good faces are acceptable.
38 foot No. 3 logs limited to one weevil injury
+Minimum 50% length good face must be ar least 6 feet.
‘Factors 7 and & are not cumulative (total degrade based on more serious of the two). No log to be degraded below grade 4 if net scale
is at least one-third gross log scale.
From: Ostrander, M. D., and R. L. Brisbin, 1971. Sawlog grades for eastern white pine. USDA For. Serv.
Res. Pap. NE-205.
SOUTHERN PINE SAWLOGS
Grade 1. Logs with 3 or 4 clear faces.! Code 1.
Grade 2. Logs with | or 2 clear faces. Code 2.
Grade 3. Logs with no clear faces. Code 3.
After the tentative log grade is established from above, the log will be degraded one grade for each of the following, except that no
log can be degraded below grade 3.
1. Sweep. Degrade any tentative | or 2 log one grade if sweep amounts to 3 or more inches and equals or exceeds one third (1/3)
the diameter inside bark at small end. This is the final grade if there is no evidence of heart rot.
2. Heart rot. Degrade any tentative | or 2 log one grade if conk, massed hyphae, or other evidence of advanced heart rot is
found anywhere in it.
TA fare tcrama frre 8 2 cine ha Fane en on oA De edn Pen nn IP Dlmn Em i ns neal eo
__ A face is one-fourth of the circumference in width extending full length of the log. Clear faces are those free of: knots measur-
ing more than one-half inch in diameter, overgrown knots of any size, holes more than one-fourth inch in diameter. The faces may
be rotated if necessary to obtain the maximum number of clear ones.
From: Schroeder, J. G., R. A. Campbell, and R. C. Rodenbach. 1968. Southern pine sawlogs for yard and structural lumber. USDA
bor Serv. Res. Pap. SE-39.
Tree Species of Rhode Island (as encountered on field plots)
Scientific Name* Com Name(s Ocourrence”
Softwoods
Juniperus virginiana L. eastern redcedar c
Larix Mill. larch I
Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine e
Einue rigida Mill. pitch pine ©
Pinus strobus L. eastern white pine ve
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. eastern hemlock r
Hardwoods
Acer rubrum L. red maple ve
Acer saccharum Marsh. sugar maple ig
Betula alleghaniensis Britton yellow birch c
Betula lenta L. sweet birch eC
Betula papyrifera Marsh. paper birch r
Betula populifolia Marsh. | gray birch r
Carpinus caroliniana Walt .° American hornbeam r
Carya Nutt. hickory c
Cornus florida L. g flowering dogwood r
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech (o)
Fraxinus americana L. white ash c
Fraxinus nigra Marsh. black ash r
Nyssa _ sylvatica Marsh. blackgum e
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch® eastern hophornbeam r
Populus grandidentata Michx. bigtooth aspen e
Populus tremuloides Michx. quaking aspen r
Prunus serotina Ehrh. black cherry c
Quercus alba L. white oak ve
Quercus coccinea Muenchh. scarlet oak ve
Quercus palustris Muenchh. pin oak r
Quercus prinus L. chestnut oak c
Quercus rubra L. northern red oak ve
Quercus velutina Lam. black oak ve
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees® sassafras @
Ulmus americana L. American elm r
“Names according to: Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees (native and
naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 375 p.
oceurrence is based on the proportion of the species among all live trees 5.0 inches d.b-h. or
larger encountered on forest survey field plots: vr = very rare (<0.05%), r = rare (0.05 to 0.49%),
e = common (0.5 to 4.9%), and ve = very common (>5.0%).
e s 3
Noncommercial species.
Relative Density*, Relative Frecueney”. Importance Value’,
and Species Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems” by Species,
Rhode Island, 1985
Relative
Species Importance Species
Density Frequency Value Frequency
Eastern redcedar sill .87 49 8.00
Tamarack -O1 322 = alah 2.01
Red pine -05 -22 13 2.01
Pitch pine .36 1.09 57/2 10.01
Eastern white pine .18 4.56 2 37/ 42.01
Boxelder -02 -22 512 2.01
Red maple 3.04 8.90 5.97 82.01
Sugar maple .O4 .66 -35 6.01
Alder species OZ 22 tle 2.01
Azalea species Ad 52D .32 2.01
Barberry 94 44 .69 4.01
Yellow birch Ils) ao A\y VE 20.01
Sweet birch .20 1.74 .97 16.01
Paper birch -O1 -22 eels: 2.01
Gray birch 44 1.52 .98 14.00
Hickory species .16 .87 52 8.00
Pignut hickory .03 .87 45 8.00
American chestnut e OD) 1.09 52 10.01
American bittersweet = = = 2.01
Sweetfern 24 44 34 4.01
Flowering dogwood .18 .87 53 8.00
Silky dogwood 5 alal 22 BG 2.01
Hawthorn species -O4 .22 5113 2.01
American hazelnut 512 44 .28 4.01
Beaked hazelnut -02 22 ail2 2.01
American beech 24 . 87 .56 8.00
White ash 59 1.96 il 5 27/ 18.01
Black ash .02 -22 sil2 2.01
Teaberry - - - 4.01
Huckleberry 2.45 .22 1.33 2.01
Witch-hazel -90 1.96 1.43 18.01
Sheep laurel 2.55 2.82 2.69 26.01
Mountain laurel 1.35 .87 iL alal 8.00
Common spicebush .82 1.09 -96 10.01
Bush honeysuckle, oil “22 5 118} 2.01
Vine honeysuckle = = = 2.01
Black tupelo 24 .87 -56 8.00
Eastern hophornbgam .07 44 .25 4.01
Virginia creeper - - - 4.01
Bigtooth aspen -O1 22 oalil 2.01
Quaking aspen -O1 22 5 iLal 2.01
Pin cherry .07 -22 .14 2.01
Black cherry 1.84 4.99 3.42 46.01
Chokecherry B23) 44 -33 4.01
Relative Density”, Relative Beequeney Importance Value’,
and Species Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems’ by Species,
Rhode Island, 1985 (Continued)
Relative
Species ea al MDOT LANCE Species
Density Frequency Value Frequency
White oak 335 5// 9.33 6.45 86.01
Scarlet oak .86 4.99 2.93 46.01
Scrub, bear oak .O4 44 24 4.01
Pin oak On -22 caked 2.01
Chestnut oak .O4 R22 13 2.01
Northern red oak 1.46 7.38 4 42 68.01
Black oak f 1.68 6.95 h 32 64.01
Poison ivy - - - 16.01
Rubus species 48 1.52 1.00 14.00
American elderberry 1.48 .22 .85 2.01
Sassafras e .79 2.82 il Gul 26.01
Greenbrier = = = 32.01
Spirea species 9.72 2.39 6.06 22 (Ohi
American elm .09 44 27 4.01
Blueberry 45.09 8.68 26.89 80.01
Viburnum species .29 .66 47 6.01
Maple-leaved viburnum .87 .87 .87 8.00
Hobblebush viburnun 523 . 66 AW 6.01
Wild raisin ohtl .87 -59 8.00
Arrowwood AA .66 53 6.01
Blackhaw .O4 ee. oS} 2.01
Grape - - = 16.01
Unknown deciduous shrub 13.60 3.91 8.75 36.01
Unknown evergreen shrub 46 Ay 45 4.01
Unknown tree -02 SEE =e. 2.01
* (Total number of stems for a species/total number
of stems for all species) x 100.
(Frequency of a species/total of frequencies
of all species) x 100. Frequency = Number of plots
where a species occurs/total number of plots.
Average of relative density and relative frequency
of a species.
(Number of plots where a species occurs/total
number of plots) x 100.
Includes shrub and vine species and tree stems
less than 5.0 inches d.b.h.
Not included in calculations of importance value.
Metric Equivalents of Units Used in This Report
1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686
hectares
1,000 acres = 404.686 hectares
1,000,000 acres = 404,686 hectares
1 board foot~ = 0.00348 cubic meters or 3,480
cubic centimeters
1,000 board feet* = 3.48 cubic meters
1,000,000 board feet~ = 3,480 cubic meters
1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meters
1,000 cubie feet = 28.317 cubic meters
1,000,000 cubic feet = 28,317 cubic meters
1 cord (wood, bark, and air space) = 3.6246
cubic meters
1 cord (solid wood, pulpwood) = 2.4069 cubic
meters
1 cord (solid wood, other than pulpwood) =
2.2654 cubic meters
1,000 cords (pulpwood) = 2,406.9 cubic meters
1,000 cords (other products) = 2,265.4 cubic
meters
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meters
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters or 0.3048 meters
Breast height = 1.4 meters above ground level
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or
0.0929 square meters
1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568
squarre meters per hectare
1 ton = 907.1846 kilograms
1,000 tons = 907.1848 metric tons
“although 1,000 board feet is theoretically
equivalent to 2.36 cubic meters, this is true only
when a board foot is actually a piece of wood with
a volume 1/12 of a cubic foot. The International
1/4-inch log rule is used by the USDA Forest
Service in the East to estimate the product
potential in board feet. The reliability of the
estimate obtained by conversion will vary with the
size of the log measure. The conversion given
here, 3.48 cubic meters, is based on the cubic
volume of a log 16 feet long and 15 inches in
diameter inside bark (d.i.b.) at the small end.
This conversion could be used for average
comparisons when accuracy of 10 percent is
acceptable. Because the board foot unit is not a
true measure of wood volume and because products
other than dimension lumber are becoming important,
this unit may eventually be phased out and replaced
by the cubic meter.
Dickson, David R.; McAfee, Carol L. 1988. Forest
statistics for Rhode Island--1972 and 1985. Resour. Bull.
NE-104. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 96 p.
A statistical report on the third forest survey of Rhode
Island (1984). Findings are displayed in 77 tables
containing estimates of forest area, numbers of trees, timber
volume, tree biomass, and timber products output. Data are
presented at two levels: state and county.
ODC (745)--905.2
Keywords: Forest survey, inventory, area, volume, biomass.
Headquarters of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station are in Broomall, Pa.
Field laboratories are maintained at:
e Amherst, Massachusetts, in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts.
@ Berea, Kentucky, in cooperation with Berea College.
@ Burlington, Vermont, in cooperation with the University of Vermont.
@ Delaware, Ohio.
e Durham, New Hampshire, in cooperation with the University of New Hampshire.
@ Hamden, Connecticut, in cooperation with Yale University.
@ Morgantown, West Virginia, in cooperation with West Virginia University,
Morgantown.
@ Orono, Maine, in cooperation with the University of Maine, Orono.
e@ Parsons, West Virginia.
@ Princeton, West Virginia.
e@ Syracuse, New York, in cooperation with the State University of New York
College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry at Syracuse University,
Syracuse.
@ University Park, Pennsylvania, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania State
University.
@ Warren, Pennsylvania.
Persons of any race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, or with any handicap-
ping condition are welcome to use and enjoy all facilities, programs, and services
of the USDA. Discrimination in any form is strictly against agency policy, and
should be reported to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250.
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