Historic, archived document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
J
USDA United States
=S——_ Department of
pee 2a] Agriculture
A99.9 F7622UF
Ai (YW, Resource Bulletin NE-146
Forest Statistics
for New Hampshire:
1983 and 1997
Thomas Frieswyk
Richard Widmann
Abstract
A statistical report on the fifth forest inventory of New Hampshire conducted in 1996-98 by the
Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit of the Northeastern Research Station. Statistics for forest area,
numbers of trees, tree biomass, timber volume, growth, and change are displayed at the state and,
where appropriate, the county level. The current inventory indicates that there are approximately
9.0 billion cubic feet of growing-stock volume on 4.5 million acres of timberland in New Hampshire.
Foreword
The fifth inventory of New Hampshire was directed by John R. Peters, Project Leader of the Forest
Inventory and Analysis Unit. David J. Alerich supervised the data collection phase of the inventory.
He was assisted by Robert E. Ilgenfritz, Richard A. McCullough, and Lucretia B. Stewart, and
Kathryn M. Tillman at unit headquarters in Radnor, PA; and by Edward A. Doane, Brian M. LaPoint,
Jason W. Morrison, and Scott H. Tepke, who coordinated the activities of the following members of
the data-collection field staff in New Hampshire:
Michael A. Baer Robert Goodwin James Morin
Joseph Barsky William Groth Seth Partridge
Karl J. Benner Michael Haldeman Neil Pederson
Gabriel Bolton
Chris W. Brown
Lynn D. Brown
Erik Brischler
Colin Burgess
Allison M. Bush
Elizabeth Burrill
Thomas Byron
Amy Calehuff
Jason Carter
Shane Carter
Michael Effinger
Gerald Farrell
Matthew Gallucci
Edward Harrigan
Jeffery Harriman
Mary Honer
John Hoyt
Keith G. Kanoti
Patricia Kearnan
Brian LaPoint
Adrian Leighton
Michael Lingley
Kristen Lombard
Jeffery Martin
Victoria Mas
Kristin McCarthy
Gary Miner
David Pierce
Andrew Reed
Steven Schacht
Daniel Schultz
Jerome Scott
Leonard Simons
Maylon Smith
Mark Snodgrass
Scott Stockhaus
Glenn Tikkanen
Jeffery Tilley
Michael Ulsh
Christine Ziegler
Carol Alerich and Tom Frieswyk applied FINSYS (Forest Inventory SYStem), a generalized data
processing system, ORACLE SQLPlus, and SAS to process and analyze the information provided
by the field crews, and produced summary tables of estimates and errors for the state and counties.
Doug Griffith, Richard Goren and Michael Kazimer assisted in data entry and data management.
JB Cullen and Worthen Muzzey, along with other members of the New Hampshire Division of
Forests and Lands, collected and compiled data on public ownership and assisted in reviewing this
document for accuracy. Steve Mongan of LandVest Inc. also assisted in reviewing this document.
Vickie M. Sharon was responsible for administrative and secretarial services.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit thanks the landowners of New Hampshire and the New
Hampshire Division of Forests and Lands for their cooperation and assistance during this inventory.
Forest Statistics for New Hampshire:
1983 and 1997
Thomas Frieswyk, Forester
Richard Widmann, Forester
Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit
Northeastern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Newtown Square, PA
Visit our homepage at: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne
Published by: For additional copies:
USDA FOREST SERVICE USDA Forest Service
11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution
NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073-3294 359 Main Road
Delaware, OH 43015-8640
September 2000 Fax: (740)368-0152
Manuscript received for publication 10 April 2000
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Contents
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Highlights Volume
The total volume of all live trees more than 5-inches
Forest-Land Area in diameter increased by 2.1 percent. Growing-stock
Se volume increased by 5.8 percent, decreasing by 0.7
SSS cae a aaa acres aren as I of New percent in the Northern Unit and increasing by 12.6
Hae aoe Ne : Is ie ae fae = ae percent in the Southern Unit. The portion of volume
Se eS NS 8 Ale Sable A) suitable for sawlogs increased by 18.8 percent.
area decreased by 290,700 acres and other forest
land increased by 156,200 acres. Timberland area
represents 93 percent of total forest-land area.
Growing-stock volume
Thousands of acres at each invento
Northern unit f=
Timberland 4,682.2 4, | 4,692.0] o| 4, | 4,799.3] 3|/ "a. | 4,508.6 6
Other
forest land 165.6 111.9 293.1 159.0 315.2 Southern unit bee
4,847.8] 5,019.3) 4,985.1) 4,958.3] 4,823.8
83. | 83.9% 87.0%| 86.2% | 86.4%) 4% | 84.0% 0%
State
* Estimates of the total land area have changed because of new OR 2453" 2a) OME GEO mon uIO
measurement techniques and refinements in the classification of Billion cubic feet
small bodies of water and streams.
White pine continued to have the greatest volume.
Growing-stock volume of white pine, red maple, and
red oak increased by 10.0, 11.9, and 20.2 percent,
respectively. Hemlock had the largest volume
increase-- 230.3 million cubic feet or 38.2. percent.
The volume of spruce and balsam fir decreased by
18.2 and 20.4. percent, respectively.
Sawtimber-size stands increased by 17 percent and
now account for 52 percent of the timberland.
Poletimber-size stands declined by 31 percent and
now represent 39 percent of timberland. The area in
sapling/seedling stands accounts for 9 percent of the
timberland. Area in these conditions increased by 54
percent since the previous inventory.
Area of timberland by stand-size class Change in growing-stock volume, top five species
3
+10%
25 White pine peepee gree
o 2
g Red maple 3
§ Ls Be
Evi | 1983
Red oak ferme
ORE i 1997
0.5
0 mae Hemlock
Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling-Seedling
Sugar maple me +15%
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Billion cubic feet
Growth and Removals
On an annual basis, net growth of growing stock on
New Hampshire’s timberland has averaged 169.1
million cubic feet of wood and the average annual
harvest plus other removals has been 133.6 million
cubic feet. The ratio of net growth to removals has
averaged about 1.3: 1 over the past inventory
period.
On an annual basis, mortality has averaged 50.1
million cubic feet (0.6 percent) of the current
inventory.
Average annual net growth and removals of
growing-stock, top five species
White pine
Red maple
A oae _ Growth
Red oak
® Removals |
Hemlock
Sugar maple
0 10 20 30 40 50
Million cubic feet
Introduction
Under the authority of the McSweeney-McNary
Forest Research Act of 1928 and subsequent
acts, including the Renewable Resources
Planning Act of 1974 and the Renewable
Resources Research Act of 1978, the USDA
Forest Service conducts periodic inventories of
all states to provide up-to-date information on
the forest resources of the Nation. The initial
inventory of New Hampshire’s forest resources
was conducted in 1948. Succeeding inventories
were carried out in 1960, 1973, and 1983. This
report presents forest-resource data from the
fifth inventory, which was conducted in 1996-97.
This inventory was a cooperative effort of the
Northeastern Research Station, the New
Hampshire Division of Forests and Lands, and_
the landowners of New Hampshire.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit (FIA) of
the Northeastern Research Station conducted
the inventory on all lands, developed the
resource tables, and prepared this report.
The sampling procedure used during the current
inventory included the use of aerial photography,
the remeasurement of a sample of ground plots
established in earlier inventories, and the
establishment of new ground plots. For New
Hampshire, this procedure required’ the
photointerpretation and classification of 21,306
new photo points and 764 previously sampled
ground plot locations into land-use and cubic-
foot volume classes. Then, 764 ground plots
from the previous inventory were remeasured
and 166 new ground plots were established. Of
the total 930 plots, 652 were forested at plot
center. The data collected were summarized
using the FINSYS computer system developed
at the Northeastern Research Station.
In January of 1998, a series of ice storms in
northern New England and New York damaged
an estimated 900,000 acres in New Hampshire.
Nine counties were declared disaster areas and
FIA was asked to reinventory the area that was
most severely impacted. During the spring and
summer of 1998, 78 plots were selected and
remeasured within the damage footprint
identified by the State of New Hampshire. The
entire inventory was reprocessed incorporating
the updated data from the damage footprint. As
part of the agreement with the State of New
Hampshire only one set of inventory data will be
available and that data will contain the ice
damage update.
The resurvey of New Hampshire’s forest
resources involved several associated studies
and considerable analysis. Reports on the
state's private forest-land owners and its primary
forest-products industry also will be available,
and a report analyzing New Hampshire’s forest
resource in greater detail is being prepared.
The forest area, numbers of trees, biomass,
timber volume, growth, and change statistics in
this report summarize the information collected
(see Index to Tables in this report). Other
information or additional summaries may be
developed. For information about these, contact
the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, USDA
Forest Service, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite
200, Newtown Square, PA 19073 (Telephone:
610-557-4075; Fax: 610-557-4200).
Reliability of the Estimate
The data in this report are based on a carefully
designed sample of forest conditions throughout
New Hampshire. However, because the field
crews did not measure every tree or every acre
in the state, the data are estimates. The
reliability of the estimating procedure can be
judged by two important statistical measures:
accuracy and precision. Accuracy refers to the
success of estimating the true value; precision
refers to the clustering of sample values about
their own averages or to the variation among
repeated samples. We are interested primarily
in the accuracy of the inventory but in most
cases we can only measure its precision.
Although accuracy cannot be measured exactly,
it can be checked. Preliminary tables are sent to
other agencies and to outside experts familiar
with the forest conditions in the New Hampshire.
If questions arise, the data are reviewed and
reanalyzed to resolve differences. Great care is
taken to minimize sources of procedural error
through careful training of both field and office
personnel, frequent inspection of field and office
work, and application of the most reliable
inventory methods.
Because of the care exercised in the inventory
process, estimates of precision afford a
reasonable measure of the inventory's
adequacy. The precision of each estimate is
described by its sampling error. Sampling errors
are given with several tables in this report. The
others are available upon request:
Here is an example of how the sampling error is
used to indicate reliability. The estimate of
timberland for New Hampshire is 4,509,000
acres. The associated sampling error is 1.1
percent, or 49,599 acres. This means that if
there are no errors in the procedure, we are 68
percent confident that the true number of acres
is between 4,459,401 and 4,558,599 acres, or
4,509,000 + 49,599 (one standard deviation).
Similarly, we are 95 percent confident that the
true number of acres is within + 99,198 acres
(two standard deviations). County estimates are
less precise. In New Hampshire, for example,
while the sampling error for timberland at the
state level is 1.1 percent, the sampling error for
Rockingham County is 6.1 percent. In general,
as the size of the sample decreases the
sampling error, expressed as a percentage of
the estimate, increases. A high amount of
variance within a county increases the sampling
error.
For many of the tables in this report, both the
last column and last row are labeled "SE."
These figures are the sampling errors of the
column and row totals. The last sampling error
given (SE) is for the table total. To calculate the
approximate sampling error (SEj) for a table cell
(ij), use the following formula (this formula is
reliable only for estimating sampling errors
of individual cells in AREA tables):
SE, = 1/P4((P, (1- Pi))/n)””
where:
n =total number of sample plots of a
population
Pi = Ajj /A
Ai = cell estimate
A = total land area of a population
ij = row(i) and column()
Any estimate with a sampling error of 50 percent
or more is not significantly different from zero,
and estimates with errors of 25 to 50 percent are
suspect. Therefore, any estimates with errors
exceeding 25 percent should be used with
caution.
Comparison Between Inventories
To evaluate the condition of the forest resource,
it is useful to compare the current estimates with
those from ihe previous inventory. However, as
a result of ongoing efforts to improve the
efficiency of the inventory, we have made
several changes in procedures and definitions
since 1983. Because these changes make
inappropriate the direct comparison of sorne of
the current estimates with those published by
Frieswyk and Malley (1985), readers should use
caution when comparing the data in this report
with those in the 1983 report. In this report,
several tables containing 1983 data are provided
to allow comparisons. The changes in methods
and definitions follow.
To improve data consistency at the national
level, a standard plot design is being used by all
Forest Inventory projects in the country. The
new plot design, a cluster of four 24-foot-radius
subplots covering a 1/6-acre area, was
established at all selected plot locations, both
new and previously measured. Field crews
recorded different conditions on the plots if
certain attributes (land use, forest type, stand
origin, stand size, tree density, and/or owner)
differed from those at plot center. They
“mapped” these conditions by recording
information that described the boundaries of the
conditions. This mapping procedure is designed
to reduce bias in the estimates. In previous -
inventories, a ground plot was established
wholly within the land class (forest or nonforest)
that the plot was chosen to represent. The
condition (e.g. privately-owned northern-
hardwoods sawtimber timberland) that was
found at plot center was used to classify the
entire plot.
On all selected remeasured plot locations, a
subsample of the trees that were recorded in the
past were reconciled, and growth and removals
estimates were calculated using these data.
Condition mapping was ignored for calculations
of estimates of change because this procedure
was not used at the previous occasion.
Forest Inventory uses Bureau of Census
estimates of total land area in a state or county
as the basis for estimating land area by various
classes. For the 1983 report, 1980 Bureau of
Census data were used; in 1997, 1990 data
were available. Between 1980 and 1990, the
Bureau of Census changed its estimating
procedures. It now can identify as inland water
streams more than 200 feet wide and bodies of
water 4.5 acres and larger in area. Previously,
the minimum width was 660 feet for streams
and the minimum area was 40 acres for bodies
of water. This procedure results in a reduction
in total land area. For comparison of land area
between inventories, 1983 estimates of land
area by class were recalculated using 1990
land-area values from the Bureau of Census.
Stocking is a quantitative expression of live tree
stand density that may be expressed in absolute
terms, such as basal area per acre, volume per
acre, or number of trees per acre; or in relative
terms, such as a percent of a previously defined
standard’. For the 1983 inventory statistics, the
stocking value of a tree was calculated using the
basal area of the tree as a percent of 75 square
feet per acre, which is the basal area standard
for full use of the site”. Basal area stocking may
well describe current timber volume, but it is
inadequate to describe stand composition in a
multi-resource inventory in that it neither
adequately measures present site utilization nor
describes small-diameter stands. For the
Statistics in this publication, stocking is
calculated using relative density, which
represents site occupancy based on normal
yield tables. Basal area is diameter-dependent
only; whereas relative density reflects species
composition, stage of development and the
social position of the trees present. A relative
measure of stand density is a useful tool for
interpreting findings of extensive inventories,
such as those performed by Forest Inventory
and Analysis, where a wide variety of stands are
sampled. A procedure using relative density to
calculate stocking was developed and accepted
as a Standard to be used by all FIA projects in
the country.
Stand size is a classification (Sawtimber,
poletimber, seedling and sapling, or nonstocked)
of forest land based on the size of the trees that
dominate an area, and forest type is a
classification of forest land based on the species
found in the area. Stand size and forest type
are both calculated based on stocking of all live
trees, and therefore are affected by the change
in the procedure to calculate stocking. To allow
comparisons, this report includes several 1983
area tables showing estimates of area of
timberland by stand-size class and forest type
and forest-type group that are calculated based
on relative density. There are also tables that
show estimates of timberland area by forest type
and stand size for both 1983 and 1997, where
stocking is based on the basal area of all live
trees.
Forest type is a Classification of forest land
based on species that form a plurality of live-tree
stocking. Prior to 1995, basal area was used to
determine plurality of live-tree stocking.
Currently, forest type classification is based on
stocking values calculated using relative density.
There have been refinements with respect to
how several species (e.g.red maple and beech)
are allocated to local types since the previous
inventory and a programming error that affected
the white pine type was corrected.
Eighty-two percent of the plots that were visited
during the 1983 inventory were remeasured in
1996-98. The estimates of average annual net
growth and change are derived from this set of
data. These estimates afford an opportunity to
look at change in overall volume from occasion
to occasion and from plot to plot. The estimates
showing 1983 information are from the plots that
were selected at that occasion to produce an
estimate of the current area and volume.
‘ Amer, Stanford L. et al. 2000. National Algorithms for Determining Stocking Class, Stand
Size Class, and Forest Type for Forest Inventory and Analysis Plots. Unpublished document
on file at Northeastern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis, 11 Campus Boulevard,
Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA 19073.
* Author unknown. 1967. Forest Survey Handbook. Unpublished document on file at
Northeastern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200,
Newtown Square, PA 19073.
These data have been used in current
procedures to recalculate estimates of area and
volume at the 1983 occasion so _ that
comparisons can be made. Although the data
set from which estimates of growth and change
are derived contains a portion of the plots from
which the 1983 recalculated estimates were
calculated, they are different data sets designed
to produce different types of estimates.
Inconsistencies in trends may result when the
annual change tables are compared with the
total change between the 1983 and 1997 tables.
Sampling errors have been included to indicate
the precision of the data.
In addition to the traditional data gathered to
estimate forest area and tree volumes,
information was collected to describe forest
wildlife habitat and forest-tree biomass.
Definitions of Terms
Acceptable tree. (a) Live sawtimber trees that do
not qualify as preferred trees but are not cull trees.
(b) Live poletimber trees that prospectively will not
qualify as preferred trees, but are not now or
prospectively cull trees.
Accretion. The estimated net growth on
growing-stock trees that were measured during
the previous inventory (divided by the number of
growing seasons between surveys to produce
average annual accretion). It does not include the
growth on trees that were cut during the period,
nor those trees that died.
Basal-area class. A Classification of forest land
based on basal area (cross-sectional area of a
tree stem at breast height in square feet per acre)
of all live trees of all sizes.
Board foot. A unit of lumber measurement 1 foot
long, 1 foot wide, and 1 inch thick, or its
equivalent. Intemational % inch rule is used as
the USDA Forest Service standard log rule in the
eastem United States.
Board-foot stand-volume class. A classification of
forest land based on net board-foot volume of
sawtimber trees per acre.
Bog/Marsh/Swamp. Land that has less than 10.0
percent stocking with live trees and which
characterstically supports low, generally
herbaceous or shrubby vegetation, and which is
intermittently covered with water during all
seasons; includes tidal areas that are covered
with brackish water during high tides.
Commercial species. Tree species currently or
prospectively suitable for industrial wood products;
excludes species of typically small size, poor form,
or inferior quality, such as hawthom and sumac.
Condition. A classification of a land area based
on land use, forest type, stand origin, and stand
size (see definitions).
County and municipal lands. Lands owned by
counties and _ local public agencies’ or
municipalities or leased to them for 50 years or
more.
Cropland. Land that currently supports
agricultural crops including silage and feed grains,
bare farm fields resulting from cultivation or
harvest, and maintained orchards.
Cubic-foot stand-volume class. A classification of
forest land based on net cubic-foot volume of all
live trees per acre.
Cull decrement. The net volume of rough or
rotten trees in the previous inventory that are
classified as growing-stock trees in current
inventory (divided by the number of growing
seasons between surveys to produce average
annual cull decrement).
Cull tree. A rough tree or a rotten tree.
Cull increment. The net volume of growing-stock
trees in the previous inventory that are classified
as rough or rotten trees in the current inventory
(divided by the number of growing seasons
between surveys to produce average annual cull
increment).
Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.). The diameter
outside bark of a standing tree measured at 4-1/2
feet above the ground.
Dry_ton. A unit of measure of dry weight
equivalent to 2,000 pounds or 907.1848
kilograms.
Dry ton stand-volume class. A Classification of
forest land based on net dry weight of the
aboveground components of all live trees per unit
area; uSually expressed in dry tons per acre.
Dry weight. The weight of wood and bark as it
would be if it had been oven-dried; usually
expressed in pounds or tons.
Farmer-owned lands. Lands owned by farm
operators, whether part of the farmstead or not;
excludes land leased by farm operators from
nonfarm owners.
Federal lands. Lands (other than National
Forests) administered by Federal agencies.
Forest industry lands. Lands owned by
companies or individuals that operate primary
wood-using plants.
Forest land. Land that is at least 10 percent
stocked with trees of any size, or that formerny had
such tree cover and is not currently developed for
a nonforest use. The minimum area for
classification of forest land is one acre. The
components that make up forest land are
timberland and all noncommercial forest land (see
definitions).
Forest type. A Classification of forest land based
on the species that form a plurality of live-tree
stocking.
Forest-type group. A Classification of forest land
based on the species forming a plurality of live-
tree stocking. A combination of forest types that
share closely associated species or site
requirements are combined into the following
major forest-type groups (the descriptions apply to
forests in this state):
a. White/red pine. Forests in which eastem
white pine, red pine, or eastem hemlock,
singly or in combination, make up the plurality
of the stocking; common associates include
red maple, oak, sugar maple, and aspen.
b. _Spruce/fir. Forests in which red, white,
black, or Norway spruces, balsam fir, northem
white-cedar, tamarack, or planted larch, singly
or in combination, make up a plurality of the
stocking; common associates include white
pine, red maple, yellow birch, and aspens.
c. Hard pine (also called loblolly/shortleaf
pine). Forests in which eastem redcedar or
pitch pine, singly or in combination, make up
a plurality of the stocking; common associates
include white pine, paper birch, sugar maple,
and basswood.
d. Oak/pine. Forests in which hardwoods
(usually hickory or upland oaks) make up a
plurality of the stocking and in which pines or
eastem redcedar contribute 25 to 50 percent
of the stocking.
e. Oak/hickory. Forests in which upland
oaks, hickory, yellow-poplar, black locust,
sweetgum, or red maple (when associated
with central hardwoods), singly or in
combination, make up a plurality of the
stocking and in which pines or eastem
redcedar make up less than 25 percent of the
stocking; common associates include white
ash, sugar maple, and hemlock.
f. Oak/gum/cypress. Bottomland forests in
which tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or
southem cypress, singly or in combination,
make up a plurality of the stocking and in
which pines make up less than 25 percent of
the stocking; common associates include
cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and
maple.
g. Elm/ash/red_ maple (also called
elm/ash/cottonwood). Forests in which elm,
willow, cottonwood, or red maple (when
growing on wet sites), singly or in
combination, make up a plurality of the
stocking; common associates include white
ash, sugar maple, aspens, and oaks.
h. Northem hardwoods (also _ called
maple/beech/birch). Forests in which sugar
maple, beech, yellow birch, black cherry, or
red maple (when associated with northem
hardwoods), singly or in combination, make
up a plurality of the stocking; common
associates include white ash, eastem
hemlock, basswood, aspens, and red oak.
i. _Aspen/birch. Forests in which aspen,
paper birch, or gray birch, singly or in
combination, make up a plurality of the
stocking; common associates include red
maple, white pine, red oaks, and white ash.
Gross growth. The sum of accretion and
ingrowth.
Growing-stock trees. Live trees of commercial
species classified as sawtimber, poletimber,
saplings, or seedlings; that is, all live trees of
commercial species except rough and rotten
trees.
Growing-stock volume. Net volume, in cubic feet,
of growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger
from a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top
diameter outside bark of the central stem, or to the
point where the central stem breaks into limbs.
Net volume equals gross volume less deduction
for cull.
Hard hardwoods. Hardwood species with an
average specific gravity of greater than 0.50.
Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually
broad-leaved and deciduous.
Harvested cropland. All lands from which crops
were harvested or hay was cut; all land in
orchards, citrus groves, vineyards, and nursery
and greenhouse products.
Idle farmland. Former cropland or pasture that
has not been tended for within the last 2 years
and has less than 10 percent stocking with live
trees (established seedlings or larger trees),
regardless of species.
Improved/maintained pasture. Land that is
currently used and maintained for grazing (not
including grazed cropland).
Indian lands. (a) Lands held in trust by the United
States or States for Indian tribes or individual
Indians. (b) Lands owned in fee by Indian tribes
whether subject to Federal or State restrictions
against alienation or not.
Industrial and commercial land. Supply yards,
parking lots, factories, etc.
Ingrowth. The estimated net volume of
growing-stock trees that became 5.0 inches d.b.h.
or larger during the period between inventones
(divided by the number of growing seasons
between surveys to produce average annual
ingrowth). Also, the estimated net volume of
growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger
that are growing on land that was reclassified from
noncommercial forest land or nonforest land to
timberland.
Intemational 1/4-inch rule. A log rule or formula
for estimating the board-foot volume of logs. The
mathematical formula is:
(0.22D? - 0.71D)(0.904762)
for 4-foot sections, where D=diameter inside bark
at the smali end of the log section. This rule is
used as the USDA Forest Service standard log
rule in the Eastem United States.
Land area. (a) Bureau of Census: The area of
dry land and land temporarily or partly covered by
water, such as marshes, swamps, and river flood
plains; streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals
less than 200 feet wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and
ponds less than 4.5 acres in area. (b) Forest
Inventory and Analysis: same as (a) except that
the minimum width of streams, etc. is 120 feet,
and the minimum size of lakes, etc. is 1 acre.
Land use. A Classification of land that indicates
the primary use at the time of inventory. Major
categories are forest land and nonforest land (see
definitions).
Merchantable stem. The main stem of the tree
between a 1-foot stump height and a 4-inch top
diameter (outside the bark), including the wood
and bark.
Mining and waste land. Surface mining, gravel
pits, dumps.
Miscellaneous private lands. Privately owned
lands other than forest industry and farmer-owned
lands.
Mortality. The estimated net volume of
growing-stock trees at the previous inventory that
died from natural causes before the current
inventory (divided by the number of growing
seasons between surveys to produce average
annual mortality) .
National Forest lands. Federal lands legally
designated as National Forests or purchase units
and other lands administered as part of the
National Forest System by the USDA Forest
Service.
Net change. The difference between the current
and previous inventory estimates of growing-stock
volume (divided by the number of growing
seasons between surveys to produce average
annual net change). Components of net change
are ingrowth plus accretion, minus mortality,
minus cull increment, plus cull decrement, minus
removals.
Net dry weight. The dry weight of woody matenal
less the weight of all unsound (rotten) material.
Net growth. The change, resulting from natural
causes, in growing-stock volume during the period
between surveys (divided by the number of
growing seasons to produce average annual net
growth). Components of net growth are ingrowth
plus accretion, minus mortality, minus cull
increment, plus cull decrement.
Noncensus water. Streams/rvers between 120
feet and 200 feet in width, and bodies of water
between 1 and 4.5 acres in size. The Bureau of
the Census classifies such water as land.
Noncommercial forest land. Reserved productive
forest land, Christmas tree plantations, other
forest land, and other reserved forest land (see
definitions).
Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically
small size, poor form, or inferior quality that
normally do not develop into trees suitable for
industnal wood products.
Nonforest land. Land that has never supported
forests, or land formerly forested but now in
nonforest use such as_ cropland, pasture,
residential areas, marshes, swamps, highways,
industnal or commercial sites, or noncensus
water.
Nonsalvable dead tree. A dead tree with most or
all of its bark missing that is at least 5.0 inches
d.b.h. and is at least 4.5 feet tall.
Nonstocked_ area. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with less than 10 percent of
minimum full stocking with live trees.
Other cropland. Includes cropland used for cover
crops and soil improvement (legumes).
Other farmland. All nonforest land on a farm
excluding cropland, pasture, and idle farmland;
includes farm lanes, stock pens, and farmsteads.
Other forest land. Forest land that is incapable of
producing 20 cubic feet per acre per year of
industnal wood under natural conditions, because
of adverse site conditions (formerly known as
unproductive forest land).
Other reserved forest land. Forest land that is
incapable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre per
year of industrial wood under natural conditions,
because of adverse site conditions, and is
protected through statute or administrative
designation.
Ownership class. A Classification of forest land
based on ownership and nature of business or
control of decisionmaking for the land. It
encompasses all types of legal entities having
ownership interest in the land, whether public or
private.
Pasture land. Includes any pasture land other
than cropland and woodland pasture. It can
include lands that have had lime fertilizer or seed
applied, or that had been improved by imigation,
drainage, or control of weeds and brush.
Pastured cropland. Includes rotation pasture and
grazing land that would have been used for crops
without additional improvement.
Pastured_ timberland. Land that is partially
developed, maintained, or managed for pasture
and grazing, but which continues to meet the
definition of timberland.
Poletimber stand. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of
minimum full stocking with live trees with half or
more of such stocking in poletimber or sawtimber
trees or both, and in which the stocking of
poletimber exceeds that of sawtimber.
Poletimber tree. A live tree of commercial species
meeting regional specifications of soundness and
form and at least 5.0 inches in d.b.h., but smaller
than a sawtimber tree.
Preferred tree. A high-quality tree, from a lumber
viewpoint, that would be favored in cultural
operations. General characteristics include grade
1 butt log (if sawtimber size), good form, good
vigor, and freedom from serious damage.
Recreation site. Parks, campgrounds, playing
fields, tracks, etc.
Relative stand density. A stocking classification
procedure that reflects species, stage of
development, and the characteristics of the trees
present in a stand.
Removals. The net growing-stock volume
harvested or killed in logging, cultural operations
(such as timber stand improvement) or land
clearing, and the net growing-stock volume neither
harvested nor killed but growing on land that was
reclassified from timberland to noncommercial
forest land or nonforest land during the period
between surveys. This volume is divided by the
number of growing seasons to produce average
annual removals.
Reserved productive forest land. Forest land
sufficiently productive to qualify as timberland but
withdrawn from timber utilization through statute
or administrative designation; land exclusively
used for Christmas tree production.
Rights-of-way. Highways, pipelines, powerlines,
canals.
Rotten tree. A live tree of commercial species that
does not contain at least one 12-foot sawlog or
two noncontiguous sawiogs, each 8 feet or longer,
now or prospectively, and does not meet regional
specifications for freedom from defect primarily
because of rot; that is, more than 50 percent of
the cull volume in the tree is rotten.
Rough tree. (a)The same as a rotten tree except
that a rough tree does not meet regional
specifications for freedom from defect primarily
because of roughness or poor form; also (b) a live
tree of noncommercial species.
Salvable dead tree. A tree at least 5.0 inches
d.b.h. that has died recently and still has intact
bark; may be standing, fallen, windthrown,
knocked down, or broken off.
Sampling error. A measure of the reliability of an
estimate, expressed as a percentage of the
estimate. The sampling errors given in this report
correspond to one standard deviation and are
calculated as the square root of the variance,
divided by the estimate, and multiplied by 100.
Indicated in statistical tables as “SE”.
Sapling. All live trees 1.0 through 4.9 inches
d.b.h.
Sapling/seedling stand. A stand-size class of
forest land that is stocked with at least 10 percent
of minimum full stocking with live trees with half or
more of such stocking in saplings or seedlings or
both.
Sawlog. A log meeting regional standards of
diameter, length, and freedom from defect,
including a minimum 8-foot length and a minimum
top diameter inside bark of 6 inches for softwoods
10
and 8 inches for hardwoods. (See specifications
under Tree-Grade Classification.)
Sawlog portion. That part of the bole of a
sawtimber tree between the stump and the sawlog
top.
Sawlog top. The point on the bole of a sawtimber
tree above which a sawlog cannot be produced.
The minimum sawiog top is 7.0 inches diameter
outside bark (d.o.b.) for softwoods and 9.0 inches
d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Sawtimber stand. A stand-size class of forest
land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of
minimum full stocking with all live trees with half or
more of such stocking in poletimber or sawtimber
trees or both, and in which the stocking of
sawtimber is at least equal to that of poletimber.
Sawtimber tree. A live tree of commercial species
at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods or 11.0
inches for hardwoods, containing at least one
12-foot sawiog or two noncontiguous 8-foot
sawlogs, and meeting regional specifications for
freedom from defect.
Sawtimber volume. Net volume in board feet, by
the Intemational 1/4-inch rule, of sawlogs in
sawtimber trees. Net volume equals gross
volume less deductions for rot, sweep, and other
defects that affect use for lumber.
SE. See Sampling error.
Seedling. A live tree less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. and
at least 1 foot tall.
Single-family house. House sheltering one family
and immediately adjacent managed land.
Snag. Standing dead tree with most or all of its
bark missing that is at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. and
at least 4.5 feet tall (does not include salvable
dead).
Soft hardwoods. Hardwood species with an
average specific gravity of 0.50 or less.
Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen
and having needles or scalelike leaves.
Stand. A group of forest trees growing on forest
land.
Stand origin. An indication of how the measured
stand originated: 100 percent natural, 100 percent
artificial, or a combination of both.
Stand-sizé class. A Classification of forest land
based on the size class (that is, seedlings,
saplings, poletimber, or sawtimber) of the stocking
of all live trees in the area.
Standard cord. A unit of measure for stacked
bolts of wood, encompassing 128 cubic feet of
wood, bark, and air space. Fuelwood cord
estimates can be derived from _ cubic-foot
estimates of growing stock by applying an
average factor of 80 cubic feet of solid wood per
cord. For pulpwood, a conversion of 85 cubic feet
of solid wood per cord is used because pulpwood
is more uniform.
State lands. Lands owned by the state or leased
to the state for 50 years or more.
Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by
trees relative to the growth potential utilized by a
site. It is expressed as a percent of the “normal”
value presented in yield tables and stocking
quides. Two categories of stocking are used in
this report: all live trees and growing-stock trees.
The relationships between the classes and the
percentage of the stocking standard are:
nonstocked (0 to 9); poorly stocked (10 to 34);
moderately stocked (35 to 59); fully stocked (60 to
100); and overstocked (greater than 100).
Strip mine. Area devoid of vegetation due to
current or recent general excavation.
Stump. The main stem of a tree from ground level
to 1 foot above ground level, including the wood
and bark.
Timberland. Forest land producing or capable of
producing crops of industrial wood (more than 20
cubic feet per acre per year) and not withdrawn
from timber utilization (formerly known as
commercial forest land).
Timber products. Roundwood (round timber)
products and manufacturing plant by-products
harvested from growing-stock trees on timberland;
from other sources, such as cull trees, salvable
dead trees, limbs, tops, and saplings; and from
trees on noncommercial forest and nonforest
lands.
11
Timber _ removals. The growing-stock » or
sawtimber volume of trees removed from the
inventory for roundwood products, plus logging
residues, volume destroyed during land clearing,
and volume of standing trees on land that was
reclassified from timberland to noncommercial
forest land.
Top. The wood and bark of a tree above the
merchantable height (or above the point on the
stem 4.0 inches in diameter outside bark);
generally includes the uppermost stem, branches,
and twigs of the tree, but not the foliage.
Tract/multiple family housing. Multiple individual
residential units or attached units (e.g., apartment
buildings and condominiums) and immediately
adjacent managed land.
Transportation right-of-way. Land associated with
highways and railroads.
Tree class. A Classification of the quality or
condition of trees for sawlog production. Tree
class for sawtimber trees is based on their current
condition. Tree class for poletimber trees is a
prospective determination—a forecast of their
potential quality when they reach sawtimber size
(11.0 inches d.b.h. for hardwoods, 9.0 inches
d.b.h. for softwoods).
Tree grade. A Classification of sawtimber quality
based on guidelines for tree grades _ for
hardwoods, white pine, and southem pine. (Note:
Red pine was graded using the guidelines for
southem pine. All specifications are shown under
Tree-Grade Classification.)
Trees. Woody plants that have well-developed
stems and that usually are more than 12 feet tall
at maturity.
Unproductive forest land. See Other forest land.
Upper-stem portion. That part of the main stem or
fork of a sawtimber tree above the sawiog top to a
diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to the point
where the main stem or fork breaks into limbs.
Urban forest land. Forest land _ sufficiently
productive to qualify as timberland that is
completely surrounded by or nearly surrounded by
urban development (not parks), whether
commercial, industrial, or residential.
Utility right-of-way. Land associated with pipeline
or electric transmission lines; identified only if
vegetative cover differs from adjacent land use.
Veneer log or bolt. A roundwood product from
which veneer is sliced or sawn that usually meets
Volume suitable for pulpwood. The sound volume
(only rotten cull excluded) of growing-stock and
rough trees.
Windbreak/hedgerow. Linear areas, less than
120 feet in width, with predominantly tree and/or
shrub vegetation
certain minimum standards of diameter, length,
and defect.
References
Ferguson, Roland H.; Jensen, Victor S.. 1963. The timber resources of New Hampshire Resour. Bull.
NE-1. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 46p.
Frieswyk, Thomas S.; Malley, Anne M.. 1985. Forest statistics for New Hampshire—1973 and 1983.
Resour. Bull. NE-88. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station. 102 p.
Kingsley, Neal P. 1976. The forest resources of New Hampshire. Resour. Bull. NE-43. Upper Darby,
PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 71 p.
Larson, E. H.; Rettie, J. C.; Gilbert, A. M.; McGuire, John R. 1954. The forest statistics for New
Hampshire. For. Resour. Rep. 8. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service. 39 p.
Lund, H. Gyde (ed.). 1998. IUFRO Guidelines for designing multipurpose resource inventories:
A Project of IUFRO Research Group 4.02.02. IUFRO World Series, Vol. 8. Vienna, Austria:
IUFRO. 216 p.
Scott, Charles T. 1979. Northeastern forest survey board-foot volume equations. Res. Note
NE-271. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 3 p.
Scott, Charles T. 1981. Northeastern forest survey revised cubic-foot volume equations. Res. Note
NE-304. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station. 3 p.
Wharton, Eric H.; Griffith, Douglas M. 1998. Estimating total forest biomass in Maine, 1995.
Resour. Bull. NE-142 Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 50p.
12
Tree Species of New Hampshire (as encountered on field plots)
Scientific Name ***
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.
Juniperus virginiana L.
Lanx laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
_ Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.
Picea rubens Sarg.
Pinus resinosa Ait.
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus strobus L.
Thuja occidentalis L.
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.
Acer negundo L. *
Acer pensylvanicum L. *
Acer rubrum L.
Acer saccharinum L.
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Acer spicatum Lam. *
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle *
Amelanchier sp. Medic. *
Betula alleghaniensis Britton
Betula lenta L.
Betula papynfera Marsh.
Betula populifolia Marsh. *
Carya sp. Nutt.
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet
Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.
Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
Fraxinus americana L.
Fraxinus nigra Marsh.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.
Juglans cinerea L.
Malus sp. Mill. *
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch *
Populus balsamifera L.
Populus grandidentata Michx.
Populus tremuloides Michx.
Common Name(s)
Softwoods
balsam fir
eastern redcedar
tamarack (native)
white spruce
black spruce
red spruce
red pine
pitch pine
eastern white pine
northern white-cedar
eastern hemlock
Hardwoods
boxelder
striped maple
red maple
silver maple
sugar maple
mountain maple
ailanthus
serviceberry
yellow birch
sweet birch
paper birch
gray birch
hickory
bitternut hickory
pignut hickory
shellbark hickory
shagbark hickory
American beech
white ash
black ash
green ash
butternut
apple
blackgum
eastern hophornbeam
balsam poplar
bigtooth aspen
quaking aspen
13
Occurrence**
Tree Species of New Hampshire (continued)
Scientific Name ***
Prunus sp. L. *
Prunus pensylvanica L. f. *
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
Prunus virginiana L. *
Quercus alba L.
Quercus bicolor Willd.
Quercus coccinea Muenchh.
Quercus prinus L.
Quercus rubra L.
Quercus stellata Wangenh.
Quercus velutina Lam.
Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Salix sp. L. *
Sorbus americana Marsh. *
Tilia sp. L.
Tilia americana L.
Ulmus americana L.
Ulmus rubra Muh.
*** Names according to: Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees (native and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541.
Common Name(s}
cherry, plum
pin cherry
black cherry
chokecherry
white oak
swamp white oak
scarlet oak
chestnut oak
northern red oak
post oak
black oak
black locust
willow
American mountain-ash
basswood
American basswood
American elm
slippery elm
Washington, DC: U.S Department of Agriculture. 375 p.
** Occurrence is based on the proportion of the species among all live trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. or larger encountered on forest survey
Occurrence**
field plots: vr = very rare (<0.05%), r = rare (0.05 to 0.49%), c = common (0.5 to 4.9%), and vc = very commen (>5.0%).
* Noncommercial species.
14
Species Groups of New Hampshire
Species Group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
White oaks
Scientific name
Abies balsamea
Larix laricina
Picea glauca
Picea mariana
Picea rubens
Pinus resinosa
Pinus strobus
Thuja occidentalis
Tsuga canadensis
Juniperus virginiana
Picea abies
Pinus rigida
Acer saccharum
Acer rubrum
Acer saccharinum
Betula alleghaniensis
Betula papyrifera
Fagus grandifolia
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus nigra
Populus balsamifera
Populus grandidentata
Populus heterophylla
Populus tremuloides
Quercus alba
Quercus bicolor
Quercus prinus
Quercus stellata
Common name
balsam fir
tamarack (native)
white spruce
black spruce
red spruce
red pine
eastern white pine
northern white-cedar
eastern hemlock
eastern redcedar
Norway spruce
pitch pine
sugar maple
red maple
silver maple
yellow birch
paper birch
American beech
white ash
black ash
balsam poplar
bigtooth aspen
swamp cottonwood
quaking aspen
white oak
swamp white oak
chestnut oak
post oak
Species Groups of New Hampshire (continued)
Species Group Scientific name Common name
Red oaks Quercus coccinea scarlet oak
Quercus ellipsoidalis northern pin oak
Quercus phellos willow oak
Quercus rubra northern red oak
Quercus velutina black oak
Basswood Tilia americana American basswood
Elm Ulmus americana American elm
Ulmus rubra slippery elm
Other hardwoods Acer sp. maple
Acer pensylvanicum striped maple
Acer negundo boxelder
Acer spicatum mountain maple
Ailanthus altissima ailanthus
Amelanchier sp. serviceberry
Betula sp. birch
Betula lenta sweet birch
Betula populifolia gray birch
Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam
Carya sp. hickory
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory
Carya glabra pignut hickory
Carya laciniosa shellbark hickory
Carya ovata shagbark hickory
Castanea dentata American chestnut
Corus florida flowering dogwood
Crataegus sp. hawthorn
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash
Juglans cinerea butternut
Malus sp. apple
Morus rubra red mulberry
Nyssa sylvatica blackgum
Ostrya virginiana eastern hophornbeam
Prunus sp. cherry, plum
Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry
Prunus serotina black cherry
Prunus virginiana chokecherry
Quercus ilicifolia bear oak, scrub oak
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust
Salix sp. willow
Salix nigra black willow
Sassafras albidum sassafras
Sorbus americana
Tilia sp.
American mountain-ash
basswood
unknown or not listed tree
Tree-Grade Classification
HARDWOOD TREE GRADES
GRADING FACTOR TREE GRADE 1| TREE GRADE 2| TREE GRADE 3
Length of grading section ° (feet Best 12 eS so Best 12
2
Aidan
Time to) tees) Sino
2 Pas unlimited
5/6 4/6
Whenever a 14- or 16-foot section of the butt 16-foot log is better than the best 12-foot section,
the grade of the longer section will become the grade of the tree. This longer section, when
used, is the basis for determining the grading factors, such as diameter and cull deduction.
Minimum Diameter inside bark at top
of grading section (inches)
Clear cuttings on 3rd best face®
minimum length (feet)
number on face (maximum)
yield in face length (minimum)
Cull deduction, including crook and
sweep but excluding shake, maximum
within grading section
In basswood and ash, diameter inside bark at the top of the grading section may be 12 inches
and DBH may be 15 inches.
Grade 2 trees can be 10 inches diameter inside bark at the top of the grading section
if otherwise meeting surface requirements for small grade 1's.
A clear cutting is a portion of a face free of defects, extending the width of the face.
A face is one-fourth of the surface of the grading section as divided lengthwise.
Fifteen percent crook and sweep, or 40 percent total cull deduction are permitted in grade 2
if size and surface of grading section qualify as grade 1. If rot shortens the required clear
Cuttings to the extent of dropping the butt log to grade 2, do not drop the tree's grade to 3
unless the cull deduction for rot is greater than 40 percent.
17
Tree-Grade Classification (continued)
TIE AND TIMBER GRADE
SPECIFICATIONS
Scaling Diameter (inches 8 inches d.i.b. and larger
Length, without trim (feet) 12 feet and larger
no requirements: not graded on cutting
Clear cuttings basis
Maximum sweep allowance
Sound surface defects permitted Any number, if none has an average collar®
diameter that is more than one third of the
Single knots log diameter at the point of occurrence
GRADE FACTORS
One-fourth d.i.b. of small end for half logs,
and one-half d.i.b. for logs sixteen feet long
Any number, provided the sum of the collar
diameters does not exceed one third the log
diameter at the point of occurrence
Sound surface defects permitted
Whorled knots
Sound surface defects permitted Any number not exceeding knot
specifications, if they do not extend more
Knots than 3 inches into the contained tie or
timber
Unsound surface defects permitted? Any number and size if they do not extend
into contained tie or timber. If they extend
into the contained tie or timber, they shall
not exceed size, number, and depth of limits
for sound defects.
Knot collar is the average of the vertical and horizontal diameters of
the limb, or knot swelling, as measured flush with the surface of
the log.
Interior defects are not visible in standing trees. They are
considered in grading cut logs. No interior defects are permitted
except one shake not more than one-third the width of the contained
tie or timber, and one split not more than 5 inches long.
18
Tree-Grade Classification (continued)
EASTERN WHITE PINE TREE GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
GRADING TREE GRADE 1| TREE GRADE 2| TREE GRADE 3} TREE GRADE 4
FACTOR
Two full length or | NO GOOD FACES| NO GOOD FACES | Includes all trees
four 50% length REQUIRED. REQUIRED. not qualifying for
good faces' (In Maximum diameter| Maximum diameter] grade 3 or better
addition, knots on | of knots on three of knots on three and judged to have
balance of faces best faces: SOUND) best faces: at least 1/3 of their
shall not exceed RED KNOTS not to} SOUND RED gross volume in
size limitations for | exceed 1/6 of KNOTS not to sound wood
grade 2 sections) | scaling dia. or 3 exceed 1/3 of suitable for
inch maximum scaling diameter or| manufacture into
DEAD OR BLACK | 5 inch maximum? | standard lumber
KNOTS, including | DEAD OR BLACK
overgrown knots, KNOTS, including
not to exceed 1/12 | overgrown knots,
scaling dia. and 1- | not to exceed 1/6
1/2 inch max. scaling dia. and 2-
1/2 inch max.
(2) Maximum
weevil injury in butt
16 ft section
(3) Minimum face
requirements on
butt 16 ft section
(4) Maximum
sweep or crook in
butt 16 ft section
(5) Maximum total
scaling deduction
in butt 16 ft.
section (percent)
After the tentative grade of the section is established from face examination, the section will be reduced
one grade whenever the following defects are evident:
CONKS, PUNK KNOTS, AND PINE BORER DAMAGE ON THE SURFACE OF THE SECTION®
Degrade one grade if present on one face. Degrade two grades if present on two faces. Degrade three
grades if present on three or four faces.
(7) If the final grade of the grading section is 1, 2, or 3, examine the tree for weevil injuries in the
merchantable stem above 16 ft. If the total apparent weevil injuries exceed three, degrade the tree one
grade below the section ‘grade’. Otherwise the tree grade equals the final section grade.
Trees under 16 inches DBH require four full length good faces.
2 Scaling diameter is estimated at the top of the 16-foot grading section.
> No tree will be designated below Grade 4 unless net tree scale is less than one-third of gross tree
scale.
19
Tree-Grade Classification (continued)
SOUTHERN PINE TREE GRADES
Grade 1 - trees with 3 or 4 clear faces on the 16-foot grading section.
Grade 2 - trees with 1 or 2 clear faces on the 16-foot grading section.
Grade 3 - trees with no clear faces on the 16-foot grading section.
After the tentative grade is established, the tree will be reduced one grade for each of the following:
(1) Sweep. Degrade any tentative Grade 1 or 2 tree one grade if sweep in the lower 12 feet of the grading
section amounts to 3 or more inches and equals or exceeds one-fourth the diameter at breast height.
(2) Heart rot. Degrade any tentative Grade 1 or 2 tree one grade if conks, punk knots, or other evidence of
advanced heart rot is found anywhere on the tree stem.
NOTE: No tree can be degraded below Grade 3, provided the total scaling deductions for sweep and/or rot do
not exceed two-thirds the gross scale of the tree. Trees with total scaling deductions in excess of two-thirds
are classified as cull.
A face is one-fourth the circumference of the 16-foot grading section and extends the full length of the grading section.
Clear faces are those free from knots measuring more than 1/2 inch in diameter, overgrown knots of any size, and
holes more than 1/4 inch in diameter. Faces may be rotated, if necessary, to obtain the maximum number of clear
faces on the grading section.
One-log trees are graded by using the Southern Pine Log Grades. This is recommended because the entire
merchantable volume of the tree is contained in the graded section. The log grading system gives a more accurate
prediction of the lumber grade-yields for such trees than would the tree grading system.
SPRUCE, FIR, CEDAR, TAMARACK, AND HEMLOCK LOGS
Minimum Merchantability Sp ecifications for Grade One Log s
LENGTH? TOTAL SWEEP OTHER REQUIREMENTS
DEDUCTION PERMITTED
12'- 16’ in2 50% 25 % Sound knots not over 2” in diameter
foot multiples permitted. Shake permitted up to 20
% of gross scale if not combined with
other serious defect.
12-16’ in2 Sound knots not over 3” in diameter
foot multiples permitted. Shake permitted up to 20
% of gross scale if not combined with
other serious defect.
1 at small end of log.
? without trim.
TREE GRADE 5 (ALL SPECIES)
Any tree which does not make tree grade 1,2, or 3 (or 4) but is still a merchantable tree.
20
Field Plot Data Quality Standards
A quality assurance (QA) program is
performed to ensure that a final product will
meet the desired level of accuracy and
precision. Quality control (QC) procedures
are specific actions within the quality
assurance program that are designed to
maintain data quality within an acceptable
range. There are three basic aspects of any
QA program: error prevention, assessment
and appraisal, and_ correction. Error
prevention is achieved by developing
standardized methods, establishing
measurement quality objectives and data
quality standards, and applying calibration
techniques and training. Assessment and
appraisal is accomplished by performing
audits, debriefings and field personnel
feedback, data validation and verification,
and a remeasurement program for QC data
collection. The purpose of correction, the
last aspect of the quality assurance program,
is to use all of the information from the
prevention and assessment and appraisal
components to make improvements, where
needed, in the measurement system.
Our periodic resource inventories are
designed to satisfy specified precision
objectives. Much of our resource information
comes from a Statistically sound but very
small sample of actual ground conditions that
were selected to satisfy the precision
objectives. While there is no guarantee that
the data are completely error-free, it is
obvious that field errors must be kept to a
minimum. Establishing and adhering to a
quality assurance (QA) program- can
accomplish this objective. By setting
standards and monitoring fieldwork, we can
detect and correct, prevent, or eliminate the
repetition of most errors.
After the initial training period, periodic
inspections are made of every crew's
fieldwork by field supervisors. The number of
errors detected will partially determine
frequency of inspections. All instances of
error are analyzed and discussed with the
crew concerned. Supervisors monitor
progress and _ goals, and = minimum
acceptable performance levels are adjusted
as conditions warrant. In addition, a
21
percentage of all plots are subjected to a
second measurement as part of the quality
control program.
Tolerance levels are set depending on the
type of data item. When an item is obtained
by measurements that can be repeated with
uniform results by several individuals, close
tolerance limits that define acceptable data
are set. Some items require subjective
evaluation; the breadth of the tolerance limits
depends on the degree of subjectivity. When
an item requires a mutually exclusive
answer, crews are expected to complete the
item as best they can, based on their
training, instructions received, and evidence
on the plot, with zero tolerance for error.
Quality Control Program
The following procedures were followed to
obtain the QC tree data results.
Sample Size
* Four percent random sample of all plots
in state is selected.
Data Collection
* Crew 1 visits a plot.
x The plot is identified as QC by field
supervisor.
/* Crew 2 visits the same plot.
Compilation
*x Trees from both data sets (Crew 1 and 2)
are extracted from forested subplots.
* Trees are matched between sets based
on the following criteria:
1) Tree numbers for all
trees.
2) Distance, azimuth, and species for
all new or ingrowth trees.
remeasure
Comparison
x Tolerance limits from _ state field
instructions are used to compare the tree
data between Crew 1 and Crew 2.
* Four tree data item classes are grouped
prior to applying tolerance.
1) Six condition classes are reduced to
three: live, dead,
2) Six tree grades are reduced to four: 4) Three merchantability classes are
merchantable, tie & timber, cull, and reduced to two: sound and unsound.
dead.
3) Six tree classes are reduced to five:
preferred and acceptable, rough,
rotten, dead, and snag.
Results
* Percentage of data within tolerance limits, and
* Number of times data exceeded tolerance limits.
* Values are either within tolerance (1x) or exceed
tolerance (2x, 3x, or 4x).
New Hampshire QA Tree Data Resuits from
123 Subplots
Percentage of data within
tolerance Number of times data exceeded tolerance
Tree data item @ix @& @3x @4 1x 2x 3x 4x Records
Species — No tolerance 97% 55 1,599
Trees (missed) — No tolerance 99% (23) 1,599
Horizontal distance - .2 feet (+ or -) 72% 89% 94% 454 175 90 1,599
Azimuth - 2 degrees (+ or -) 73% 91% 95% 430 146 73 1,599
Tree history — No tolerance 96% 25 698
Diameter — .1 inch (+ or -) 91% 94% 96% 112 71 51 1,268
Ecotype - No tolerance 97% 32 1,180
Condition — No tolerance** 97% 40 1,249
Tree grade — No tolerance** 80% 65 318
Saw length — 4 feet (+ or -) 47% 68% 82% 92% 168 103 56 21. 318
Bole length — 4 feet (+ or -) 51% 75% 90% 96% 486 250 104 36 996
Total length - 10 feet (+ or -) 77% 96% 98% 245 47 17 1,084
Board foot cull — 10% (+ or -) 75% 87% 92% 93% 81 4 27 21 318
Board foot soundness _ -- 1 class (+ or -) 85% 89% 90% 92% 47 35 32 27 318
Cubic foot cull — 10% (+ or -) 78% 93% 97% 98% 221 72 33 18 996
Cubic foot soundness - 1 class (+ or -) 85% 87% 89% 92% 1530913055 2107, 83 996
Crown ratio — 1 class (+ or -) 83% 95% 169 52 996
Crown class — No tolerance 69% 313 996
General damage — Variable tolerance 96% 40 996
Special damage — Variable tolerance 86% 288 1,992
Tree class - No tolerance** 91% 118 1,249
Merchantability class - No tolerance** 89% 126 1,148
22
Metric Equivalents
1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters
1 acre = 0.404686 hectares
1,000 acres = 404.686 hectares
1,000,000 acres = 404,686 hectares
1 board foot = 0.00348 cubic meters
1 board foot = 3,480 cubic centimeters
1,000 board feet = 3.48 cubic meters
1,000,000 board feet = 3,480 cubic meters
1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meters
1,000 cubic feet = 28.317 cubic meters
1,000,000 cubic feet = 28,317 cubic meters
1 cord (wood, bark, and air space) = 3.6246 cubic meters
1 cord (Solid wood, pulpwood) = 2.4069 cubic meters
1 cord (solid wood, other than pulpwood) = 2.2654 cubic meters.
1,000 cords (pulpwood) = 2,406.9 cubic meters
1,000 cords (other products) = 2,265.4 cubic meters
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meters
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters or 0.3048 meters
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters
1 square foot = 0.0929 square meters
1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 square meters per hectare
1 cubic foot per acre = 0.0699 cubic meters per hectare
1 ton = 907.1848 kilograms
1,000 tons = 907.1848 metric tons
Breast height = 1.4 meters above ground level
Although 1,000 board feet are theoretically equivalent to 2.36 cubic meters,
this is true only when a board foot is actually a piece of wood with a volume
1/12 of a cubic foot. The International 1/4-inch log rule is used by the USDA
Forest Service in the East to estimate the product potential in board feet. The
reliability of the estimate obtained by conversion will vary with the size of the
log measure. The conversion given here, 3.48 cubic meters, is based on the
cubic volume of a log 16 feet long and 15 inches in diameter inside bark
(d.i.b.) at the small end. This conversion could be used for average
comparisons when accuracy of 10 percent is acceptable. Because the board
foot unit is not a true measure of wood volume and because products other
than dimension lumber are becoming important, this unit may eventually be
phased out and replaced by the cubic meter.
23
INDEX TO TABLES
The following tables are divided into four major
sections:
(1) State, (2) Northern Unit, (3)
Southern Unit and (4) County tables.
State Tables
10.
Area
Total land area by land use class, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, and stand-size class, New
Hampshire, 1983.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, and stand-size class, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and ownership class, New Hampshire,
1997.
Area of timberland by stand-size class
and ownership class, New Hampshire,
1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and cubic-foot stand-volume class of all
live trees, New Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and cubic-foot stand-volume class of
growing stock trees, New Hampshire,
1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and board-foot stand-volume class, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and basal-area class, New Hampshire,
1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of all live trees, New
Hampshire, 1983.
24
Lie
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
cee
19.
20.
2:
22.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of all live trees, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of growing-stock
trees, New Hampshire, 1983.
Area of timberland by forest-type group
and stocking class of growing-stock trees,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Number of Trees
Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on
timberland by species and tree class,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Number of standing dead trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species,
condition class, and diameter class, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Number of seedlings, saplings, and
shrubs on timberland by species and
stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Number of live trees (1.0+ inches d.b.h.)
on timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, New Hampshire,
1983.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, New Hampshire,
1997.
Volume
Net volume of all trees on timberland by
species and tree class, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of all live trees on timberland
by species and diameter class, New
Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of live trees on timberland by
species and diameter class, New
Hampshire, 1997.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Zt:
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and _— stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by forest type and stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock in the
sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species, size class, and
tree grade, New Hampshire, 1997.
Change
Average annual net change of growing-
stock volume on timberland by species
and component of change, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Average annual net change of sawtimber
volume on timberland by species and
component of change, New Hampshire,
1997.
25
Northern Unit Tables
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, and_ stand-size class,
Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, -and_ stand-size_ class,
Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997.
Number of live trees (1.0+ inches d.b.h.)
on timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, Northern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1983.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, Northern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of all trees on timberland by
species and tree class, Northern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of all live trees on timberland
by species and diameter class, Northern
Unit, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of live trees (5.0+ inches
d.b.h.) on timberland by species and
diameter class, Northern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and __ stand-size
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
47.
48.
49.
50.
31.
92.
53.
54.
59.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and stand-size
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by forest type and stand-size
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock in the
sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Average annual net change of growing-
stock volume on timberland by species
and component of change, Northern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Average annual net change of sawtimber
volume on timberland by species and
component of change, Northern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Southern Unit Tables
56.
57.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, and_ stand-size class,
Southem Unit, New Hampshire, 1983.
Area of timberland by forest type, forest-
type group, and_ stand-size_ class,
Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997.
26
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
Number of live trees (1.0+ inches d.b.h.)
on timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, Southern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1983.
Number of growing-stock trees (5.0+
inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species
and diameter class, Southern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of all trees on timberland by
species and tree class, Southern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of all live trees on timberland
by species and diameter class, Southern
Unit, New Hampshire, 1983.
Net volume of live trees (5.0+ inches
d.b.h.) on timberland by species and
diameter class, Southern Unit, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and _ stand-size
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and stand-size
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by forest type and stand-size
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
69.
70.
thle
t2:
73.
74.
75.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by species and forest-type
group, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of growing-stock in the
sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1983.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire,
1997.
Average annual net change of growing-
stock volume on timberland by species
and component of change, Southern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Average annual net change of sawtimber
volume on timberland by species and
component of change, Southern Unit,
New Hampshire, 1997.
27
County Tables
76.
Ute
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
Net land area by county, and land class,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by county and
ownership class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by county and forest-
type group, New Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by county and stand-
size class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Area of timberland by county and
stocking class of growing-stock trees,
New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by county and _ forest-type
group, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of growing-stock trees on
timberland by county and_ stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by county and _ forest-type
group, New Hampshire, 1997.
Net volume of sawtimber trees on
timberland by county and_ stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997.
Biomass of all trees and shrubs on
timberland, by county and class of
material, New Hampshire, 1997.
Biomass of all timber on timberland, by
county and class of material, New
Hampshire, 1997.
Sw dike, ai
aa ai: 4 tats sinning oO
+977
“ ‘ a, 4
~liperty aa eg rik sje — iG
aye Shi) ast “4 eh aie ake A
a6 i -
hae ay oe ‘hen Weta
centile toe! a be et
bi a
cuittuel ar
: ute |
.- _ Pebuss ‘bast =|
% | sidbe ey aire
steered fen | it Senna i
OB. ra ya brane
no , lea
erie i nite
; oe,
a Ge . Wher. x
an “ws ea = |
~9
SF;
£
2
bse \s ere
ral =>) en <— =f
STATE TABLES
ie
|
|
Coos
\ 96%
See Se
Grafton J
88% ier Carroll.
te 86% |
teil is Belknap
ay, 80
pun) Merrimack ~~. Strafford
82% ae ; 67%,
“Hillsboro Rockingham
Cheshire 71% | 70%
Loe
Percentage of land in forest by county, 1997
(State average = 84 percent)
Timberland area by stand-size class
New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
Sawtimber
41.7%
Poletimber
53.0%
Sapling/seedling
5.3%
Sawtimber
52.1%
Poletimber
39.2%
Sapling/seedling
8.6%
1997
a
Table 1.--Land area by land class, New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
b
(In thousands of acres)
Area
Land class
1983 Percent 1997
Timber land 4,799.3 84 4,508.6
Noncommercial forest land:
Reserved productive 102.5 2 148.6
Urban forest banc 0.0 <1 50.1
Other forest land 56.5 1 108.1
Reserved other forest land 0.0 <1 8.3
Total noncommercial ... 159.0 3 315.2
Total forest land 4,958.3 86 4,823.8 ©
Nonforest land:
Cropland 145.4 2 138.8
Pasture 80.8 1 52.5
Other 555.9 10 725.3
Total nonforest land 782.1 14 916.6
d
Total land area 5,740.4 100 5,740.4
F In this and other tables, a zero indicates that the data are
negligible or the condition was not encountered in the sample.
A dash indicates that the condition is not possible under current
Forest Service definitions.
Rows and columns in all tables may not sum due to rounding.
"Other forest land" formerly known as unproductive forest land.
Source: 1990 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
31
Percent
79
84
100
Table 2.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1983
(In thousands of acres)
Forest type
San-
timber
Red pine 24.1
White pine 343.0
white pine/hemlock 90.6
Hemlock 97.9
wWhite/red pine group 555.6
Balsam fir 39.3
Red spruce -0
Red spruce/balsam fir 27.2
White spruce -0
Tamarack 0
Spruce/fir group 66.5
Pitch pine 9.4
Loblolly/shortleaf group 9.4
wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash 93.8
Other oak/pine -0
Oak/pine group 93.8
Post, black, or bear oak 7.3
Chestnut oak 0
White oak/red oak/hickory 21.6
Northern red oak 48.4
Scarlet oak -0
Red maple/central hardwood -0
Mixed central hardwoods 96.4
Oak/hickory group 173.7
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple 0
Red maple( lowland) 0
Red maple(upland) 0
Elm/ash/red maple group -0
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch 753.8
Black Cherry -0
Red maple/northern hardwoods 141.7
Pin cherry/reverting field -0
Mixed northern hardwoods 107.7
Northern hardwoods group 1,003.2
Aspen 38.5
Paper birch 52.8
Gray birch 7.3
Aspen/birch group 98.6
All forest types 2,000.7
SE 4.8
Stand-size class
Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber seedling stocked
.0 -0 0
84.4 t3 -0
38.0 0 0
34.7 .0 0
157.1 WS -0
148.5 27.1 0
88.4 9.7 0
105.5 9.7 0
20.1 «0 0
10.0 -6 0
372.5 46.4 0
9.4 -0 0
9.4 0 0
76.2 -0 0
7.3 -0 0
83.5 0 0
14.5 -0 0
7.1 0 0
42.8 -0 0
114.1 8.4 0
7.1 0 0
23 Ai 0
160.3 6.9 0
353.3 32.4 0
20.8 8.5 0
14.2 2.9 -0
14.3 10.0 0
49.3 21.5 0
490.1 35.0 0
10.0 16.6 -0
502.8 5-3 0
10.0 25.35 0
178.8 16.2 0
1,191.7 98.4 0
127.4 14.5 0
201.4 10.7 0
-0 21.9 0
328.8 47.1 -0
2,545.5 253.0 0
3.9 16.8 0
32
ALL
classes
SE
oo-f
RROMWNON
* 8
ues ut
Ww wDoURDS oO
o
o
Table 3.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997
Forest type
Red pine
White pine
White pine/hemlock
Hemlock
White/red pine group
Balsam fir
Red spruce
Red spruce/balsam fir
White spruce
Spruce/fir group
Pitch pine
Loblolly/shortleaf group
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash
Other oak/pine
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
White oak
‘Northern red oak
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Red maple( lowland)
Red maple(upland)
Willow
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Black Cherry
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Pin cherry/reverting field
Mixed northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Aspen
Paper birch
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types
SE
(In thousands of acres)
Saw-
timber
1.8
322.4
154.8
121.6
600.6
31.6
20.5
35.3
11.6
99.0
10.4
71.6
2,346.0
3.6
Pole-
timber
4.9
49.0
36.3
45.6
135.8
127.6
34.0
86.0
-0
247.6
33
Stand-size class
Sapling and
seedling
-0
8.7
Non-
stocked
All
classes
Table 4.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
Forest- type a Ge a ee ee TN Se ME OS Tas a SE
; classes
group National Other Forest Other
Forest public industry private
White/red pine 19.4 55.0 6.9 668.8 750.1 7.2
Spruce/fir 102.0 19.3 115.7 173.1 410.1 Wea
Loblolly/shortleaf -0 322 -0 ee LOLS 15.5 56.0
Oak/pine 0 17.6 .0 187.6 205.2 15.7
Oak/hickory 21.9 59.4 -0 515.9 597.1 8.8
Elm/ash/red maple -0 17.2 : -0 55.1 (2.3 26.9
Northern hardwoods 329.8 156.9 307.2 1,407.0 2,200.9 Sal,
Aspen/birch 52.6 30.2 28.0 146.6 257.4 14.5
Total, all groups 525.6 360.9 457.7 3,164.4 4,508.6 1.1
SE 6.3 qe 8.2 2.0 vat
Table 5. Area of timberland by stand-size class and ownership class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
l
Stand-size class a ea. nn en ee ae SE
. classes
National Other Forest Other
Forest public industry private
Sawt imber 275.5 - 191.9 171.7 1,706.9 2,346.0 3.6
Poletimber 199.6 157.4 211.3 1,196.2 1,764.5 4.6
Sapling and seedling 50.5 11.6 69.7 257.4 389.1 10.9
Nonstocked .0 .0 5.0 3.9 8.9 71.3
Total, all classes 525.6 360.9 457.7 3,164.4 4,508.6 USL
SE 6.3 12.1 8.2 2.0 Vol
34
Table 6.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and all-live stand-volume
class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (cubic feet per acre)
All
Forest-type alasses SE
group 0- 500- 1000- 1500- 2000-
499 999 1499 1999 2499 2500+
White/red pine 14.4 15/2 69.3 118.2 126.0 407.0 750.1 7.2
Spruce/fir 66.6 48.3 17.6 107.4 53.6 116.5 410.1 Adie
Loblolly/shortleaf -0 -0 5.2 -0 5.2 5.2 15.5 56.0
Oak/pine 8.4 Wat: 18.1 23.5 44.0 109.5 205.2 LEIA
Oak/hickory 18.7 50.4 65.0 153.0 147.1 163.0 597.1 8.8
Elm/ash/red maple 9.9 23.4 24.1 6.0 6.2 2.9 72.3 26.9
Northern hardwoods 191.8 230.2 318.5 359.0 511.2 590.1 2,200.9 Sct
Aspen/birch 77.1 20.3 27.9 50.1 35.2 46.8 257.4 14.5
Total, all groups 386.8 389.5 545.5 817.1 928.6 1,441.0 4,508.6 last
SE 10.9 11.2 9.6 7.8 7.2 5.3 USL
Table 7.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and cubic-foot stand-volume
class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (cubic feet per acre) Atl
Forest-type SE
l
group 0- 500- 1000- 1500- —2000- Phere
499 999 1499 1999 2499 2500+
White/red pine 14.4 S722 89.9 103.8 121.8 383.1 750.1 7.2
Spruce/fir 66.6 48.3 52.2 88.9 54.4 99.5 410.1 11.1
Loblolly/shortleaf .0 .0 52 -0 5.2 5.2 15.5 56.0
Oak/pine 8.4 3.4 21.0 18.9 44.0 109.5 205.2 15.7
Oak/hickory 18.7 50.4 77.4 148.3 143.5 158.9 597.1 8.8
Elm/ash/red maple 14.5 18.8 25.4 10.8 -0 2.9 72.3 26.9
Northern hardwoods 205.5 258.2 356.5 401.1 455.3 524.3 2,200.9 3.7
Aspen/birch 77.1 20.3 44.8 33.2 42.3 39.7 257.4 14.5
Total, all groups 405.2 436.6 672.4 805.0 866.5 1,323.0 4,508.6 usu
SE 10.5 10.4 8.7 7.8 7.6 5.6 USL
35
Table 8.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and board-foot stand-volume
Forest-type
group
White/red pine
Spruce/fir
Loblolly/shortleaf
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
SE
class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In
thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (board feet per acre)
2000-
3999
119.5
90.9
0
12.6
150.2
24.1
538.4
60.2
995.9
6.9
Table 9.--Area of timberland
Forest- type
group
White/red pine
Spruce/ fir
Loblolly/shortleaf
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
SE
Hampshire, 1997
(In
Basal area
0- 50-
49 99
12.1 107.0
59.2 54.8
-0 552
6.9 25.8
21.0 143.8
9.9 52.1
244.7 577.8
5321 77.6
406.9 1,044.1 1,
10.5 6.6
4000- 6000-
5999 7999
139.1 100.8
100.4 44.9
5.2 0
31.8 17.8
159.9 77.2
6.2 153
468.1 263.8
22.9 13.8
933.6 519.6
hee 10.0
by forest-type group and basal-area class, New
thousands of acres)
8
000-
9999
72.1
12.0
-0
29.0
50.4
-0
129.3
16.2
309.0
13.7
class (square feet per acre)
100- 150- 200-
149 199 249
283.7 250.7 80
171.6 63.7 60
5.2 5.2
69.8 76.4 14
348.5 68.1 9
0 10.4
969.6 376.0 30
49.0 65.6 12
897.5 915.8 207
4.2 7.2 16.
36
NOWOODODONON
250-
299
11
SCcOoOOO ROO GM
ALL
classes
10000+
266.7 750.1
11.1 410.1
5.2 15.5
91.5 205.2
43.1 597.1
-0 72.3
180.5 2,200.9
i223 257.4
610.4 4,508.6
8.8 1.1
ALL
classes
300+
4.8 750.1
-O 410.1
.0 15:5
=0' ) 205.2
6.7 597.1
.0 T2235
1.8 2,200.9
AORN 25104
13.3 4,508.6
63.0 est
SE
SE
te
un O ON OO - N
Vn OO ON O —- N
Table 10.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all
live trees, New Hampshire, 1983
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
: = All
nSS eG SES classes
group Poorly Moderately Fully Over-
Nonstocked stocked stocked stocked’ stocked
White/red pine .0 48.1 219.8 408.7 43.4 720.0
Spruce/fir -0 39.5 158.1 258.1 29.7 485.3
Loblolly/shortleaf .0 .0 .0 18.7 -0 18.7
Oak/pine .0 14.4 53.3 102.6 vol 177.3
Oak/hickory 0 EE) 128.4 386.6 36.9 559.3
Elm/ash/red maple .0 30.9 15:25 14.3 10.0 70.7
Northern hardwoods 0 93.5 513.9 1,403.0 282.8 2,293.2
Aspen/birch -0 21.9 76.3 312.3 64.1 474.6
Total, all groups .0 255.9 1,165.2 2,904.1 474.1 4,799.3
SE -0 16.7 7.4 3.4 W257 8
Table 11.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of
live trees, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class rin
Forest-type
classes
group Poorly Moderately Fully Over -
Nonstocked stocked stocked stocked stocked
White/red pine 5.0 7.5 148.1 451.9 137.5 750.1
Spruce/fir 3.9 39.2 72.8 236.0 58.1 410.1
Loblolly/shortleaf -0 -0 52 5.2 52 1525
Oak/pine .0 2c2 46.5 134.9 21.6 205.2
Oak/hickory -0 15.5 113.0 409.6 59.0 597.1
Elm/ash/red maple .0 13/4 34.4 20.4 4.5 72.3
Northern hardwoods .0 55.6 445.1 1,373.0 327.2 2,200.9
Aspen/birch .0 4.5 69.6 132.1 51.2 257.4
Total, all groups 8.9 137.7 934.5 2,763.1 664.3 4,508.6
SE 71.3 20.0 6.9 3.0 8.9 low
37
SE
all
SE
7.2
11.1
56.0
15.7
8.8
26.9
3.7
14.5
1.1
Table 12.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of
growing-stock trees, New Hampshire, 1983
Forest- type
group
White/red pine
Spruce/fir
Loblolly/shortleaf
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
SE
Table 13.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of
growing-stock trees, New Hampshire, 1997
Forest-type
group
White/red pine
Spruce/ fir
Loblolly/shortleaf
Oak/pine
Oak/hickory
Elm/ash/red maple
Northern hardwoods
Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
SE
Nonstocked stocked
0
8.5
0
0
10.0
2.9
22.0
14.9
58.3
37.0
Nonstocked stocked
5.0
22.4
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
Poorly Moderately
stocked
122.6 275.3
152.3 188.2
.0 18.7
31.6 95.1
sl 260.7
50.5 -0
375.9 761.5
63.3 191.9
837.8: U. 791-5
8.8 55
Fully
stocked
314.3
136.3
20
50.6
238.6
Test
1,099.2
187.3
2,033.7
4.8
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
Poorly Moderately
stocked
68.0 284.2
113-3 157.3
-0 5.2
202 96.2
62.6 183.8
29.8 36.2
338.4 Cited
76.6 78.4
690.8 1,612.8
8.2 4.9
38
Fully
stocked
330.8
113.6
10.4
97.9
319.1
4.7
976.0
91.7
1,944.3
4.3
Over-
stocked
7.8
Over-
stocked
ALL
classes
ALL
classes
SE
SE
Timberland area by forest-type group and
percent change, New Hampshire, 1983-97
White /red pine eee ee +4.2%
-15.5%
Spruce/fir | | ™
Bae ~ 4983
Aspen/birch _ -45.8% i 199
Oak/hickory ee 46.8%
Other a +9.9%
0 0.5 1 125 2 2.5
Millions of acres
0°e £°9 0°9 0°e b°2 8°Y 0°2 0°e 2°97 -3S
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41
Table 16.--Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs on timberland by species
and stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997
Species
Balsam fir
Common juniper
Eastern redcedar
Tamarack
Spruce species
Red pine
Pitch pine
Eastern white pine
Canada yew
Northern white-cedar
Eastern hemlock
Maple species
Boxelder
Striped maple
Red maple
Silver maple
Sugar maple
Mountain maple
Alder species
Serviceberry
Bog rosemary
Chokeberry species
Azalea species
Barberry
Yellow birch
Sweet birch
Paper birch
Gray birch
American hornbeam
Hickory species
Bitternut hickory
Pignut hickory
Shagbark hickory
American chestnut
Sweetfern
Flowering dogwood
Alternate-leaved dogwood
Silky dogwood
Round-leaved dogwood
Panicled dogwood
Red-osier dogwood
Hawthorn species
American hazelnut
Beaked hazelnut
Leatherwood
American beech
White ash
Black ash
Green ash
Huckleberry
Witch-hazel
Large-leaved holly
Winterberry holly
Butternut
Sheep laurel
Mountain Laurel
Labrador tea
Common spicebush
Bush honeysuckle
Apple species
Mountain holly
(In thousands of stems)
Stand-size class
Saw- Pole- Sapling and
timber timber seedling
1,214,155 1,980,983 382,195
14,960 32,685 23,524
398 1,655 0
0 4,597 2,053
348,535 565,140 98,472
415 409 0
4,332 2,745 0
617,273 290,933 44,536
5,409 29,359 1,599
3,988 0 0
489,340 207,573 59,799
1,682 0 0
0 1,408 0
1,240,870 791,268 204,641
1,371,581 964,227° 529,280
1,227 489 3,254
1,337,703 855,225 485,975
444,976 458,754 67,603
262,844 334,042 278,456
57,144 63,451 6,713
16,827 0 0
4,676 0 0
0 102,620 0
21,536 42,732 34,638
705,814 491,467 247,535
69,579 67,218 14,662
350,085 250,842 368,023
36,731 154,551 91,108
27,018 4,243 0
3,311 1,617 0
2,189 0 0
2,313 3,551 0
13,947 2,820 1,617
40,656 16,331 0
56,553 4,597 14,309
4,146 1,412 0
32,263 4,059 6,586
3,091 12,076 6,621
12,344 0 21,780
2,823 1,315 1,621
165,998 35,274 226,781
23,217 37,404 1,402
187,890 46,814 0
207,418 46, 786 48,561
137,029 111,350 0
1,138,368 556,352 213,508
361,101 249,926 107,652
2,506 8,717 0
21,682 11,065 0
0 3,378 45 ,828
321,132 237,670 24,090
15,848 0 0
79,006 246,251 3,389
430 0 0
252,391 209,690 74,334
188,190 117, 162 6,319
0 24,519 12,175
9,589 72,575 0
77,953 184,188 46, 784
:9,038 1,884 33,251
89,380 106,477 99,217
42
Non-
stocked
DOOD TDDDGDADVTVGDODDODMDGDGVDOOODOODOOOMOOOCODOOOOCOOCOOCOOOOCOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCO0OCA0OO
ALL
classes
3,577,333
71,169
2,053
6,650
1,012,147
824
7,077
952,743
36,367
3,988
756,711
1,682
1,408
2,236,779
2,865, 088
4,970
2,678,903
971,333
875,342
127,307
16,827
4,676
102,620
98,905
1,444,816
151,459
968,951
282,389
31,261
4,928
2,189
5,865
18,384
56,987
75,460
5,558
42,907
21,789
34,124
5,760
428,053
62,023
234,704
302, 765
248,378
1,908, 228
718,679
11,222
32,747
49, 206
582,892
15,848
328, 646
430
536,415
311,671
36,694
82,165
308,925
44,172
295 , 073
SE
—_
BDNNWEARDUUNAWEUON EN AB aHWOKRONN —- A
FRONOBWNWONWODOEN DAN R= UDUDWDORNOWN=O0DDOANWEONDO
NUNROBNOCOCMH2 A ROAWRORWORNORDOODNNNVDODRF A WDNWRAOWD OM NO OO
WWOWDOD> OU =
38
WYUWa
-UUISO
.
Table 16.--continued
Species
Eastern hophornbeam
Balsam poplar
Bigtooth aspen
Swamp cottonwood
Quaking aspen
Cherry species
Pin cherry
Black cherry
Chokecherry
White oak
Swamp white oak
Northern pin oak
Scrub, bear oak
Willow oak
Chestnut oak
Northern red oak
Black oak
Buckthorn species
Rhododendron species
Smooth sumac
Staghorn sumac
Poison sumac
Currant species
Black locust
Rose species
Rubus species
Willow species
Black willow
American elderberry
Red-berried alder
Sassafras
American mountain ash
Spirea species
Sweet leaf
Basswood species
American basswood
American elm
Blueberry
Viburnum species
Maple-leaved viburnum
Hobblebush viburnum
Wild raisin
Arrowwood
Nannyberry
Blackhaw
Highbush cranberry
Unknown deciduous shrub
Unknown evergreen shrub
Unknown tree
ALL species
SE
(In thousands of stems)
Saw-
timber
31,942
0
17,311
0
88, 734
0
45 ,066
409,409
102,215
104,613
0
5 568
62,895
1,514
1,593
458,225
43,284
32,564
0
1,454
0
0
23,004
0
6,543
1,668, 729
2,752
0
2,999
13,542
1,655
32,257
476,761
2,613
0
38,001
31,789
1,055,859
77 ,486
248,086
1,175,977
135,483
118,850
1,382
6,469
4,535
80,369
9,496
11,214
18,743, 146
6.2
Stand-size class
Pole-
timber
47,126
5,488
6,681
2,591
122,468
1,344
151, 705
285 , 687
60,603
61,480
4,192
0
27,997
0
5,740
282,436
14,790
17,625
0
0
7,647
1,563
25,201
1,382
21,823
1,886, 043
33,003
0
2,783
11,374
0
119,928
304,073
2,613
0
5,201
15,551
853,615
32,323
89,589
712, 166
45 ,482
51,194
22,981
0
0
201,042
0
0
15,598,408
6.7
Sapling and
seedling
8,789
4,680
12,093
0
155,884
0
319,471
144,834
109, 127
13,712
0
0
103,233
0
398
54,126
7,996
1,400
91,317
0
21,785
0
0
0
0
4,058, 063
11,111
1,511
7,898
20,668
0
9,828
410,585
0
47,371
2,805
10,502
339,044
32,969
8,413
121,528
79,835
17,835
14,442
0
42,651
61,023
19,983
9,692
10,316,498
13.6
43
Non-
stocked
6,79
ooooooocoeo°dceodce°c°oc°cocoeMaq0c0cocoocoocococoocoocoe°cooc9o~eoeecooece~ocaoaoaoececaa~cacaeeaeaececCecCCcCeo
6,795
100.0
All
classes
87,857
10,169
36,085
2,591
367,085
1,344
516,242
839,930
271,945
179, 805
4,192
5,568
194, 125
1,514
7,731
794,787
66,070
51,590
91,317
1,454
29,432
1,563
48,204
1,382
28 , 366
7,612,835
46, 866
1,511
13,680
45,585
1,655
162,012
1,198,214
5,227
47,371
46,007
57,842
2,248,518
142,778
346, 089
2,009,671
260,801
187,879
38,805
6,469
47,185
342,434
29,479
20,906
44,664,847
3.7
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48
Volume of all live trees on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
(Volume increased by 2.1 percent for all species)
White pine +6%
Red maple
Hemlock
Red oaks
Sugar maple
Spruce
Paper birch
Yellow birch
Beech
Balsam fir
+ 0
Ash ae
-20%
Aspen
0 0.5 ‘ 1.5 2
Billions of Cubic feet
Table 21.--Net volume of all live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, New Hampshire, 1983
(In millions of cubic feet)
lu
2)
n
0)
—%9
—”
<o
~
oO
1
oO
-
N
1
=)
an
-
n~
Y
x 1
Dn! oOo
ov ~~
<= =
v
a
oO
(3) '
= So
2 .
wn
baad ——
o
n
ov
<= t
Oo oO
c .
= Mm
— Gre
“a
n
oO
~ !
o oO
< =
3) -
-
a
=
oO
-_ '
a oO
.
Oo
'
Oo
~
'
oO
.
w
foe
>
°
=
io)
n
a
oO
pt)
jos
2)
12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+
10.9
8.9
6.9
9.5
626.3
9 - A
2.0
2.0
6.4
1.0
190.4 141.7 82.7 26.0
178.1
Balsam fir
Tamarack
2.2
8
6.5
1.3
12.8
4.1
2.8
Wi
3.9
8.8
6.8
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
0
Aci?
3.0
152.6
2.9
141.2
4.8
AE)
89.2 52.0 29.4
140.5
4.6
9.5 8.5
252.8
12.9
275.7
194.2 231.1
122.3
White pine
8.6
650.9
0
.0
2.0
97.7 62.6 45.6 23.9 28.4
1.9
119.2
(4a)
102.1
2.6
98.6
ns
—-N
~
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
2.2 1.5
6.6 2.6 3.3
4.6
6.8 5.4
8.5
Other softwoods
640.1 600.9 454.7 333.0 256.5 152.9 246.8 44.1 3,932.9 4.1
663.2
540.8
Total softwoods
125.2 137.4 106.0 80.5 59.8 50.4 LIAL 61.0
300.1 Ai7e5 44.7
62.1
222.6
Sugar maple
Red maple
31.5
22.5
69.8
199.0
320.8
34.5
51.8
o
82.2
82.7
Mele?
81.9
166.2
54.1
110.5
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
8.1
10.4
630.2
0
2.0
5.4
4.4
8.2 5.5
38.7
22.3
wn
.
wt
w
97.0
490.2
91.0 78.2 77.4 57.4
39.1
Oat
44.5
50
14.9
40.7 41.2 20.5 8.8 248.4
46.9
31.8
White ash
2.5
0
8.3
3.9
50.5
2.0
30.8
2.9
52.2
3.5 6.2
82.4
6.4
47.3
Black ash
Aspen
16.6
80.3
6.0
68.3
9.5
94.9
15.4
131.2
13.5
137.8
15.5
139.3
10.4
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
65.7
1.1
1.3
Quite
1.5,
1.3
2.1
1.2
2.5
3.0
2.6
27.9
3.9
3.5
40.8
5.4
oe)
46.6
25
2.4
29.7
Other commercial hardwoods
Noncommercial hardwoods
NiZieit 555 1.8 lhe
35.1
a
G2n3e 5h0253
Mele tie dite: 838.5 593.0 387.0 260.3 120.5 196.5
725.0
Total hardwoods
86.4 9,335.2 1.7
T7851. 1,7 5%) 1,439.3 1) 047.:7. 720.0 516.9 273.4 443.3
1,265.8
Total, all species
Zialtt 3.0 3.7 4.7 5.8 (foth (hath Syst LEC
2.7
3.1
SE
SE
9.4
ALL
classes
29.0+
21.0-
28.9
19.0-
20.9
5.0
17.0-
18.9
9.4
15.0-
16.9
22.1
13.0-
14.9
11.0-
66.1
(In millions of cubic feet)
12.9
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
10.9
96.1
141.7
Table 22.--Net volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, New Hampshire, 1997
145.5
Species group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
3.8
2.8
2.1
41.4
4
0
9
3
ir2
ow
Ce
NO
ee
-—
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
514.3
283.3
5,564.9
on
1
15.7
4.9
17.9
75.1
135.4 3,967.7
210.5 9,532.5
4.5
326.5
3.4
2.2
384.2
2.9
50.8
249.5
633.7
8.4
6.9
0
163.8
1.6
226.0
7.6
3.2
41.6
3.1
189.6
415.5
8.4
157.8
1.9
17.3
70.1
1.6
254.3
4.3
7.6
74.6
6.8
286.7
541.0
6.5
28.6
2.7
245.5
102.3
8.0
402.2
18.3
3.7
80.7
10.3
428.4
830.7
4.7
15.8
275.8
133.5
3.4
513.5
48.5
12.7
149.7
29.4
153
734.9
1,248.5
3.7
6.3
233.8
2.4
155.9
4.0
577.8
48.6
14.0
168.2
30.9
1.9
970.8
3.2
1,548.6
8.4
3.5
552.3
12.3
142.3
1,105.4
65707
eth
3.8
5.3
533.1
10.2
100.1
948.4
1,481.5
2.6
5.1
135
576.0
3.1
388.7
964.8
Total softwoods
Other commercial hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Noncommercial hardwoods
Total, all species
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Sugar maple
Beech
White pine
Red maple
White ash
Black ash
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
Aspen
SE
Table 23.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, New Hampshire, 1983
(In millions of cubic feet)
lu
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9.5
606.1
182.3 139.1 81.3 25.5 6.4
170.5
Balsam fir
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602.1
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6.2 4.6 4.6 6.0 2.6 3.3 2.2 1.2
7.9
Other softwoods
4.2
27.6 3,662.9
611.9 612.8 575.5 431.9 314.4 240.2 142.5 229.3
476.9
Total softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
52
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
1.5
3.0
1.2
2.2
11.0
3.0
2.6
24.7
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1.1
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8.5
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9.9
172.5
1.3 0
1.1
47.2 41.7
34.0
Other hardwoods
2.9
27.7 4,844.6
1,025.4 1,047.9 772.9 538.0 340.9 221.1 100.2 149.3
621.1
Total hardwoods
1.9
55.4 8,507.5
1,637.2 1,660.7 1,348.4 970.0 655.3 461.2 242.7 378.6
1,098.0
Total, all species
2.9 2.8 3.1 3.9 5.0 6.3 8.4 8.6 20.2 1.9
3.5
SE
Table 24.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Ww
”
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12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+
10.9
9.4
43.5
482.2
141.7 94.5 64.3 22.1 9.4 5.0
145.1
Balsam fir
Tamarack
4.2
We
3.7
1.8
6.1
15 2.4
6.9
4.8
1.2
1.9
2.3
3.8
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
oo
Cail
239.5
99.4
8.1 6.3 15.8
174.7 223.5 274.4
3.8
138.7
an
wn
OND
~ ~
1.3
72.4
White pine
4.1 2.1
144.1 125.2
126.6
Sr
114.7
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
88.3
3.2 4.0 3.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 2.2
5.3
5.1
Other softwoods
3.9
98.0 3,798.8
528.3 520.0 552.8 501.5 381.6 242.4 20%, 374.9
385.6
Total softwoods
8.
4
7
6
13.1
762.9
307
465
517
466
276.5
22.2
15.7
70.1
37.2
8.6
36.6
26.1
13.4
1.9
39.5
56.8
25.9
26.7
13.5
4
71.1
46.9
22.6
60.7
19.1
83.3
139.7
55.2
52.1
56.6
129.7
186.8
74.6
102.8
159.8
309.9
82.6
139.4
99
299
72.6
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
53
43.9
12
5
254.1
0
.0
4.9
2.9
3G
45.3
3.2
40.8
16.9
3.1
48.5
12.1
48.6
12.0
166.2
(ae)
56.6
12.1
141.9
Cells
47.3
10.0
7.4
PaLGt/
43.7
White oaks
Black ash
Red oaks
Aspen
79.9 72.8
147.0
98.9
5.4
oe)
7.0
4.1
3.4
1.8
1.3
29.3
Basswood
Elm
STee
0
5.5
1.6
27.0
1.9
47.3
2.3
27.9
40.9
Other hardwoods
62.3 5,201.2 2.9
915.2 1,084.0 889.6 673.9 392.8 259.9 168.6 213.4
541.5
Total hardwoods
160.2 9,000.0 2.2
1,443.5 1,604.0 1,442.4 1,175.5 774.4 502.3 382.4 588.3
927.1
Total, all species
(aT 3.3 3.8 4.9 6.8 8.9 8.8 20.3 ce
(ath
3.2
SE
Table 25.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1983
Species group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
SE
Saw-
timber
142.6
3.2
2.6
4.6
201.9
46.1
1,187.3
6.7
430.2
20.4
2,045.6
382.6
468.7
274.5
174.4
307.9
111.3
4.5
84.2
33.9
320.8
9.5
10.1
74.3
2,256.7
4,302.3
Sit
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
Pole-
timber
458.2
8.4
35.1
1.3
400.9
2.5
476.9
4.9
171.7
Vis
1,577.0
276.0
694.3
184.7
424.4
98.2
125.5
15.4
214.2
38.2
385.6
9.5
3.9
91.2
2,561.2
4,138.2
4.6
Sapling and
seedling
5.3
2.8
20
1.0
6.1
66.9
22.2
54
stocked
o oro oo oo 8 CO .o
ALL
classes
606.1
14.4
37.7
6.8
608.9
49.4
1,687.1
11.6
602.1
38.7
3,662.9
662.6
1,167.9
461.4
599.2
406.9
238.9
19.9
299.4
lect
710.1
19.0
14.1
172.5
4,844.6
8,507.5
1.9
SE
37.1
42.4
69.6
38.3
49.7
47.8
Table 26.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
Species group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
SE
stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
151.6 310.6 20.0 .0
5.3 27, ail .0
252 8.1 5 -0
-0 .0 al .0
251.1 236.7 12.7 20
Stia2 12.5 aE) .0
We S576 277.7 15.0 -0
10.8 al 2.4 -0
634.2 194.8 3.4 .0
20.4 12.8 -6 .0
2,687.4 1,056.1 55.3 .0
499.6 251.3 12.0 -0
761.5 524.7 21.0 -0
303.8 155.0 6.8 -0
255.0 249.2 13.4 -0
327.3 132.0 ee: -0
170.1 99.5 6.8 .0
1.5) 4.6 -0 -0
92.2 LEMISTE 10.3 -0
51.0 24.3 -0 .0
546.8 298.8 8.2 .0
1253 7.0 -0 -0
7.1 1.8 4 .0
126.7 55.2.1 5.3 -0
3,155.0 1,955.0 91.3 -0
5,842.4 3,011.0 146.6 -0
4.1 5.9 Vad .0
55
ALL
classes
OFWWNHY -]- On Nw
NyNNWOW Re - VI
SE
9.4
43.5
43.6
100.0
9.5
33.7
5.9
59.6
8.3
51.1
3.9
8.9
4.4
7.5
6.6
8.9
13.1
43.9
12.2
15.9
6.6
31.2
37.2
10°5
2.9
2.2
Table 27.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest type and
stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
ALL
Forest type
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- clecscs
timber timber seedling stocked
Red pine 11.3 4.8 -0 0 16.1
White pine 925.6 76.9 6.2 -O0 1,008.8
White pine/hemlock 473.2 73.6 -0 .0 546.7
Hemlock 354.7 75.3 0 -0 430.0
White/red pine group 1,764.8 230.6 6.2 20) 25,0015
Balsam fir 48.9 229.7 24.1 -0 302.7
Red spruce 50.0 73.9 4.6 -0 128.5
Red spruce/balsam fir 73.2 184.4 1 -0 257.7
White spruce 30.5 -0 -0 -0 30.5
Spruce/fir group 202.7 488.0 28.8 -0 719.4
Pitch pine 22.9 11.8 -0 -0 34.7
Loblolly/shortleaf group 22.9 11.8 20 .0 34.7
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash 503.1 65.8 -0 -0 568.8
Other oak/pine 026 -0 -0 0 7.6
Oak/pine group 510.6 65.8 0 0 576.4
Post, black, or bear oak 9.9 -0 9 -0 10.9
White oak/red oak/hickory 140.4 26.8 -0 -0 167.2
White oak -0 2.5 -0 -0 2.5
Northern red oak 260.1 135.0 -0 -0 395.1
Red maple/central hardwood 30.8 21.9 -0 -0 52.6
Mixed central hardwoods 292.6 254.2 7.5 0 554.4
Oak/hickory group 733.8 440.4 8.5 Oo 8227
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple 14.2 7 252 3 tijent
Red maple( lowland) 15:5 16.5 0 0 31.9
Red maple(upland) 15.6 12.9 -0 0 28.4
Elm/ash/red maple group 45.2 30.0 2.2 -0 77.4
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch 1/550:5 769.7 26.9 -0 2,346.9
Black Cherry 14.8 2.3 2.3 .0 19.4
Red maple/northern hardwoods 502.2 548.7 28.9 20 07926
Mixed northern hardwoods 337.2 238.0 28.2 -0 603.3
Northern hardwoods group 2,404.54.) 1558.77 86.3 -0 4,049.4
Aspen 57.4 81.9 6.2 0 145.5
Paper birch 100.5 104.0 7.1 -0 211.5
Gray birch 0 0 1.4 -0 1.4
Aspen/birch group 157.9 185.9 14.7 -0 358.4
ALL forest types 5,842.4 3,011.0 146.6 -0 9,000.0
SE 4.1 5.5 17.5 -0 2.2
56
SE
Percent of growing-stock volume by forest-type group
New Hampshire, 1997
White /red pine
22.2%
Northern hardwoods _
45.0%
Oak/hickory
13.1%
Oak/pine
6.4%
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Sawtimber volume on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, New hampshire, 1983 and 1997
White pine
Hemlock
Red oaks
Red maple
Sugar maple
Spruce
Beech
Yellow birch
Balsam fir
Paper birch
Ash
Aspen
(Volume increased by 18.8 percent for all species)
©
3 4 5
Billion of board feet
6
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1997
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Millions of Acres
NORTHERN UNIT
TABLES
Grafton
Carroll
1500
[J 1983
Hi 1997
1000
500
0
Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling-Seedling
Northern Unit, area of timberland by stand-size class, 1983 and
1997
G
ee
Ca
—
ey)
A oan
a
O
a
Table 36.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class
Forest type no
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- classes
timber timber seedling stocked
Red pine 9.7 -0 -0 0 9.7
White pine 30.2 20.5 0 -0 50.7
White pine/hemlock 20.4 9.7 -0 0 30.1
Hemlock 19.0 9.7 0 -0 28.7
White/red pine group 79.3 39.9 0 -0 119.2
Balsam fir 39.3 148.5 27.1 0 214.9
Red spruce 20 69.8 9.7 -0 79.4
Red spruce/balsam fir 19.8 105.5 9.7 -0 134.9
White spruce 20 20.1 0 0 20.1
Tamarack -0 10.0 0 0 10.0
Spruce/fir group 59.2 353.8 46.4 .0 459.3
Pitch pine 9.4 9.4 0 -0 18.7
Loblolly/shortleaf group 9.4 9.4 -0 -0 18.7
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash 28.6 18.7 -0 -0 47.3
Oak/pine group 28.6 18.7 -0 -0 47.3
Northern red oak 19.4 49.8 8.4 -0 77.6
Red maple/central hardwood -0 .0 10.0 -0 10.0
Mixed central hardwoods BU 38.2 -0 .0 47.9
Oak/hickory group 29.1 88.0 18.3 0 135.5
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple -0 8.2 8.5 -0 16.7
Red maple(upland) -0 -0 10.0 -0 10.0
Elm/ash/red maple group 20 8.2 18.6 0 26.7
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch 559.6 332.2 28.0 0 919.8
Black Cherry -0 10.0 9.7 -0 19.7
Red maple/northern hardwoods 68.7 245.9 -0 -0 314.6
Pin cherry/reverting field -0 10.0 .0 0 10.0
Mixed northern hardwoods 28.5 48.0 8.9 0 85.4
Northern hardwoods group 656.7 646.1 46.6 -0 1,349.4
Aspen 38.5 76.3 7.0 -0 121.7
Paper birch 38.7 158.0 10.7 -0 207.5
Aspen/birch group Wwe. 234.3 UTAA -0 329.2
All forest types 939.5 1,398.4 147.5 -0 2,485.4
SE (fee) 5.4 23.4 .0 1.0
68
SE
Table 37.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
Forest type
Red pine
White pine
White pine/hemlock
Hemlock
White/red pine group
Balsam fir
Red spruce
Red spruce/balsam fir
White spruce
Spruce/fir group
Pitch pine
Loblolly/shortleaf group
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
Northern red oak
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Red maple( lowland)
Willow
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Black Cherry
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Pin cherry/reverting field
Mixed northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Aspen
Paper birch
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types
SE
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class ALL
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- classes
timber timber seedling stocked
.0 4.9 .0 -0 4.9
55.8 16.0 .0 .0 71.8
42.4 Ton .0 .0 49.5
57.6 4.9 .0 =0 62.5
155.8 32.9 0 0 188.7
31.6 127.6 43.0 20 202.2
12.3 10.6 10.2 .0 33.1
28.5 86.0 6.3 3.9 124.7
11.6 .0 0 .0 U6
84.0 224.2 59.5 3.9 371.6
10.4 552 .0 .0 15:35
10.4 52 -0 .0 15)-5)
18.1 15.8 1.4 0 35.3
18.1 15.8 1.4 0 35.3
.0 .0 5.2 .0 5.2
525 5.4 -0 .0 10.9
29.1 23.5 .0 .0 52.5
14 -0 .0 .0 1.4
29.1 52.6 .0 al) 81.8
65.0 81.6 522 .0 151.8
11.4 1.9 Ai) -0 13.3
6.7 .0 .0 -0 6.7
20 oO 1.6 .0 1.6
18.1 1.9 1.6 .0 21.5
539.2 378.7 66.7 0 984.5
7.4 .0 19.0 .0 26.4
104.1 Migs 34.0 .0 255.2
0 4.5 11.0 .0 15:5
38.2 52.0 23.6 .0 113.9
688.9 552.3 154.4 0 1,395.6
19.5 19.9 28.0 .0 67.4
32.4 53.6 19.9 -0 105.9
0 .0 6.9 .0 6.9
51.9 73.4 54.9 .0 180.2
1,092.2 987.2 276.8 3.9 2,360.2
5.7 6.1 12.9 100.0 1.7
69
SE
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74
Volume of all live trees on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, Northern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
(Volume decreased by 3.6 percent for all species)
Sugar maple
Red maple
Balsam fir
White pine
Spruce
-6%
Yellow birch
+6%
Paper birch
Beech
Hemlock +54%
Red oaks
Aspen
White Ash
0 200 400 600 800
Millions of Cubic feet
Table 42.--Net volume of all live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983
(In millions of cubic feet)
All
classes
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
SE
Species group
11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 1730 19.0- 21.0-
14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+
12.9
10.9
9.7
138.0 80.3 24.7 6.4 9 5
2.0
186.3
173.2
Balsam fir
Tamarack
4.1 1.3 8 1.0
12.8 6.5
2.8
2.9
6.8
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
27.0 28.7 35.8 41.2 23.1
20.9
28.2
4.1 ee) 2.0 4.4 1.9 3.3 2.2 1.2
(hae)
Other softwoods
402.3 350.5 267.0 159.9 108.0 81.4 43.7 81.5 13.4 1,867.0 6.1
359.3
Total softwoods
8.8
10.0
V152
14.
412.1
520.7
589.7
431.6
thats
0
6
0.
4
31.5
3.4
2.5
2.7
38.
23.
29.7
5.3
41.5 68.0
38
2
6
26.2
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Sugar maple
Beech
Red maple
76
White ash
CABG
58.2
250,
48.0
5.0
27.1
Black ash
Aspen
24.5 15.0 4.6 1.4 3
38.5
74.8
1.2
16.4
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
20.4
162.8
12.8 3.9 4.5 1.1
19.2
37.1 30.3 20.7
16.7
1.4
0
0
0
1.2
0
0
Vou
6.0
8.6 Bal. 3.3
3.5
10.2
6.0
19.2
Other commercial hardwoods
Noncommercial hardwoods
1.2
&9
4.1
26.4 2,871.6
564.5 577.4 438.8 329.8 228.6 151.2 76.9 122.7
355.3
Total hardwoods
2.5
39.8 4,738.7
966.8 927.9 705.8 489.7 336.6 232.6 120.6 204.2
714.6
Total, all species
4.0 4.8 5.7 7.3 8.9 12.4 11.9 21.1 2.5
4.1
4.9
SE
Table 43.--Net volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
Species group
11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0-
12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+
10.9
9.8
136.7 92.4 61.2 18.6 9.4 5.0
135.6
Balsam fir
Tamarack
oO
N
Aon
4 3 4
371 10.
4 21 42.
95.1 39.9 426.1 12.0
58.3
2
4
18.7
w
1.9
i
ONO
(a9.
7
4
9
5
White spruce
Red spruce
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Red pine
White pine
1.6
at
Other softwoods
304.5 282.4 239.2 178.0 129.6 88.6 Bed 128.0 44.1 1,698.0 6.1
246.2
Total softwoods
tA 635.1 10.2
tf
8
8
0
130.2 116.3 75.0 dei 38.5 32.3 61.3
106.6 1 36. 24.1 10.4 12.2
6 3
7 6 1.0
42. 4
79.8
Wat
43.0
72.3
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Sugar maple
Beech
Red maple
il
2.5
8.7
White ash
0
2.3
32.2
CBT
26.8
Black ash
Aspen
33.0
30.7
12.5
1.6
29.8
9
26.7
White oaks
Red oaks
37.8
34.7
13.8
1.3
6s)
1.4
8
Basswood
Elm
6.2
3.1
4.2 Uist
8.8
3.0
6.0
9.4
4.8
12.8
Other commercial hardwoods
Noncommercial hardwoods
Se
39.4 2,871.4 4.3
479.5 546.2 492.4 384.4 242.2 154.0 96.3 138.8
298.2
Total hardwoods
3.4
83.5 4,569.4
784.0 828.6 731.6 562.3 371.8 242.6 153.8 266.7
544.4
Total, all species
10.0 12.7 13.1 31.1 3.4
fae
4.0 4.3 5.0 5.8
4.8
SE
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9.8
14.5
6.1
10.3
9.0
uoL
23.1
47.0
325.9
1,671.9
600.9
311.4
130.5
160.8
4.2
41.8
6.7
0
10.9
20
4.2
4.5
21.9
2.2
126.3
59.1
8.5
6.0
3.4
205
4.7
30.2
1.6
56.4
31.0
8.7
1.8
4.3
1.5
5.0
12.1
1.6
86.6
33.2
8.7
4.3
28.0
1.2
3.7
9.4
18.8
1.2
127.4
50.2
14.1
18.6
3.8
42.6
4.2
63.7
33.0
177.0
1.8
(In millions of cubic feet)
59.9
6.1
69.4
2.8
2.1
235.1
109.2
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
12.9
90.8
2.2
6.9
77.2
2.8
33.9
4.1
271.9
127.8
10.9
136.7
1.2
4.8
85.8
Fr
30.9
3.1
5.3
303.7
77.6
13
1.9
19.2
135.4
1.1
58.6
2.4
20.9
4.6
245.4
42.5
Table 45.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
Species group
White spruce
Red spruce
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Red pine
Sugar maple
Balsam fir
Tamarack
White pine
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
White oaks
Red oaks
Aspen
14.8
203.1
8.7
‘Oo w+
Basswood
Elm
4.4
3.5
46.2
325
33.2 2,649.5
4,321.4
31.0
(a
122.6
248.9
13.8
2.3
82.2
138.6
13.6
1.7
137.6
224.2
10.6
1.8
216.1
343.6
7.4
7.9
5.9
338.9
516.0
6.0
5.1
680.2
445.1
2.7
533.9
805.8
4.3
460.1
763.9
4.0
525.1
5.0
279.7
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
SE
Table 46.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
stand-size class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983
Species group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Northern white-cedar
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
SE
62.5
4.6
.2
6.7
1,290.3
1,979.5
8.0
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
Pole- Sapling and Non- Classes
timber seedling stocked
449.8 4.3 0 591.1
8.4 262 -0 13.8
554 -0 0 Sal,
-8 1.0 0 1.8
349.1 4.6 0 a1225
of -0 ~ 30 18.3
132.6 3.9 -0 341.3
4.9 -0 0 11.6
54.7 -0 -0 197.9
Miz2 ler, -0 27.4
1,047.3 17.2 0 1,753.6
187.7 3.4 -0 479.8
309.0 net -0 532.1
143.0 2.2 0 376.7
278.0 4 0 396.2
52.9 8 0 280.9
46.5 2.2 -0 116.5
6.3 .0 0 10.0
147.3 0 205.3
8 0 0 lei
95.0 0 -0 157.6
-0 -0 -0 4.6
1.9 .0 -0 2.1
23.2 6.5 0 36.4
1,291.7 V2 -0 2,599.3
2,339.0 34.4 0 4,352.9
6.4 32.8 0 2.7
80
SE
ath
38.5
42.4
70.9
10.6
58.7
16.4
49.7
14.4
65.0
6.3
12.5
9.3
10.6
11.4
14.3
25.1
38.6
17.0
80.6
20.8
68.7
53.8
22.7
4.4
CET 6
Table 47.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
stand-size class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
Species group A lasees SE
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
Balsam fir 138.7 297.3 19.7 .0 455.7 9.8
Tamarack 4.8 2.5 aU .0 Ufee) 47.0
White spruce 25.2 8.1 oe) :0 33.8 43.6
Red spruce 191.7 167.4 10.2 .0 369.3 10.7
Red pine 14.9 6.2 -0 -0 (A574 42.3
White pine 313.9 93.0 7.8 -0 414.7 12.0
Northern white-cedar 10.8 a 2.4 .0 13.3 59.6
Hemlock 269.7 55.8 3 -0 325.9 14.5
Other softwoods 18.3 12.4 .0 .0 30.6 56.2
Total softwoods 988.1 642.9 40.9 .0 1,671.9 6.1
Sugar maple 385.7 203.9 11.4 -0 600.9 10.3
Red maple 260.2 219.2 7.3 0 486.8 7.6
Yellow birch 246.8 111.9 4.0 .0 362.7 8.8
Paper birch 156.2 164.2 13.1 -0 333.5 9.0
Beech 221.7 83.5 6.2 .0 311.4 11.1
White ash 86.8 38.9 4.8 -0 130.5 23.1
Black ash 1.5 4.1 -0 -0 5.6 47.0
Aspen 61.2 90.6 8.9 .0 160.8 16.3
White oaks (hoe) 2.9 -0 -0 10.3 57.9
Red oaks 128.3 2.5 2.3 .0 203.1 14.8
Basswood 8.0 1.4 20 .0 9.5 54.9
Elm = 8 20 -0 Wee. 46.2
Other hardwoods 26.9 4.9 1.3 -0 33.1 31.2
Total hardwoods 1,591.1 999.0 59.4 .0 2,649.5 4.4
Total, all species 2,579.2 1,641.8 100.3 .0 4,321.4 3.5
SE 6.4 7.4 22.0 -0 3.5
Table 48.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest type and
stand-size class, Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
Forest type
Red pine
White pine
White pine/hemlock
Hemlock
White/red pine group
Balsam fir
Red spruce
Red spruce/balsam fir
White spruce
Spruce/fir group
Pitch pine
Loblolly/shortleaf group
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
Northern red oak
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Red maple( lowland)
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Black Cherry
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Mixed northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Aspen
Paper birch
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types
SE
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
ALL
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- Classes
timber timber seedling stocked
-0 4.8 0 .0 4.8
180.0 20.4 -0 -0 200.4
149.4 9.7 -0 -0 159.1
179.1 10.3 0 -0 189.4
508.6 45.2 -0 -0 553.7
48.9 229.7 24.1 -0 302.7
32.6 20.2 4.6 -0 57.4
63.4 184.4 1 a) 247.9
30.5 -0 0 0 30.5
LICeISE) 434.3 28.8 -0 638.5
22.9 11.8 -0 0 34.7
22.9 11.8 -0 0 34.7
61.7 26.9 -0 -0 88.6
61.7 26.9 0 -0 88.6
-0 -0 9 -0 9
6.0 9.4 -0 20 15.4
86.3 Set 20 .0 123.4
4.2 20 -0 -0 4.2
61.9 81.6 -0 -0 143.5
158.4 128.1 9 0 287.4
14.2 BL -0 .0 14.9
553: 20 .0 .0 53
19.5 Gh 20 -0 20.2
1,170.9 574.0 25:2 =O AON
14.8 -0 223 -0 USSU
232.4 197.8 21.8 -0 452.1
92.8 76.1 1223. -0 181.2
1,510.9 848.0 61.6 -0 2,420.5
43.7 50.2 5.6 0 99.5
78.1 96.8 225 -0 177.4
-0 -0 9 0 ae)
121.8 147.0 9.0 -0 277.8
2, D092 641-8 100.3 SOP 374252074
6.4 7.4 22.0 .0 3-5
82
SE
Percent of growing-stock volume by forest-type group
Northern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
Spruce/fir
14.8%
Northern hardwoods
56.0% _ Aspen/birch
6.4%
White /red pine
12.8%
— Oak/hickory
Other | 6.7%
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86
Sawtimber volume on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, Northern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
(Volume increased by 11.5 percent for all species)
©
0.5
Sugar meple RR ea rommmmmmmmmarrme, ~ 277
Hemlock ummm *227
Spree = | 16%
Yellow birch Ce ee -9%
Balsam fir Senta aera -23% E 1983
Red maple wi -5% aa 1997
Beech Ee Tae eT 0%
Red oaks SSEEgERes or 468%
Paper birch age -3%
Aspen ie +16%
A
1.5
Billions of Board feet
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91
Average annual growth and removals of growing-stock
volume
and ratio of growth to removals for selected species
on timberland, Northern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983-97
(Ratio of growth/removals for all species is 1.1 : 1)
Sugar maple
White pine
Red maple
Spruce
Hemlock
Balsam fir
Red oak
Yellow birch 0.8: 4 —_| Growth
0.4:4 @ Removals
Beech
Ash
Aspen
Paper birch
0 5 10 15 20
Millions of Cubic feet
Millions of Acres
SOUTHERN UNIT
TABLES
1500
1000
500
Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling-Seedling
Southern Unit, area of timberland by stand-size class, 1983 and 1997
cae Merrimack
Rockingh
( Hillsboro ae
| Cheshire \ Pcie >
oe
ae
Cc
a
®
ae
=p
=
O
Y)
Table 56.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983
Forest type
Red pine
White pine
White pine/hemlock
Hemlock
White/red pine group
Red spruce
Red spruce/balsam fir
Spruce/fir group
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash
Other oak/pine
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
Chestnut oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
Northern red oak
Scarlet oak
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Red maple( lowland)
Red maple(upland)
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Black Cherry
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Pin cherry/reverting field
Mixed northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Aspen
Paper birch
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types
SE
(In thousands of acres)
Saw-
timber
14.4
1,061.3
6.1
Stand-size class
Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber seedling stocked
-0 .0 0
63.9 3 .0
28.3 .0 .0
25.0 -0 .0
ANZ! U3 0
18.7 -0 0
0 -0 0
18.7 0 0
515 -0 -0
(a3 -0 -0
64.8 0 .0
14.5 .0 -0
Marl .0 -0
42.8 -0 -0
64.3 -0 -0
Ts .0 -0
es lise -0
122.1 6.9 -0
265.3 14.1
12.6 -0 0
14.2 2.9 Q
14.3 -0 0
41.1 2.9 -0
157.9 7.0 -0
.0 6.9 -0
256.9 523 -0
-0 25.3 -0
130.8 tes -0
545.5 51.8 0
Sti t.5 -0
43.4 -0 0
20 21.9 0
94.5 29.4 -0
1,147.1 105.5 0
5.8 23.4 .0
94
ALL
classes
SE
Table 57.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size
class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
Forest type
Red pine
White pine
White pine/hemlock
Hemlock
White/red pine group
Red spruce
Red spruce/balsam fir
Spruce/fir group
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash
Other oak/pine
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak
White oak/red oak/hickory
White oak
Northern red oak
Red maple/central hardwood
Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Red maple( lowland)
Red maple(upland)
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Black Cherry
Red maple/northern hardwoods
Pin cherry/reverting field
Mixed northern hardwoods
Northern hardwoods group
Aspen
Paper birch
Gray birch
Aspen/birch group
All forest types -
SE
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class All
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- ctasecs
timber timber seedling stocked
1.8 .0 0 .0 1.8
266.6 33.0 SIBTA 5.0 313.3
112.4 29.2 0 .0 141.6
64.0 40.7 .0 .0 104.7
444.8 102.9 8.7 520 561.4
8.2 23.4 .0 0 31.6
6.8 .0 0 0 6.8
ee) 23.4 .0 0 38.5
138.9 28.9 .0 -0 167.8
atl .0 -0 .0 2.1
141.0 28.9 -0 -0 169.9
4.9 -0 .0 .0 4.9
5 12:7 12.9 .0 -0 64.6
.0 4.4 -0 -0 4.4
77.8 48.2 .0 .0 126.0
10.9 11.3 .0 .0 22.1
108.2 98.1 AWhet -0 223.4
253.5 174.9 lienl 0 445.4
.0 0 6.4 0 6.4
10.8 18.5 -0 0 29.3
5 7.6 -0 .0 15.0
18.3 26.1 6.4 Ag 50.8
156.8 102.8 6.5 -0 266.0
0 1.8 .0 20 1.8
aac: 192.7 14.5 -0 319.2
5 -0 6.4 -0 6.4
92.9 92.0 26.9 -0 211.8
361.5 389.3 54.4 .0 805.3
10.6 26.1 6.4 0 43.1
9.1 5.8 14.7 0 29.5
A) .0 4.6 0 4.6
AOI 31.9 250 .0 five
1,253.8 777.3 hiZes 5202, 14825
4.7 (20 20.4 100.0 1
95
SE
_
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Volume of all live trees on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, Southern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
(Volume increased by 8.0 percent for all species)
White pine |, : : +4%
Red maple ce x 3 : +18%
Red oaks +15%
Hemlock +30%
Paper birch oe -13%
Sugar maple ll -19% 711983
Beech (22. +2% M1997
Ash +8%
Spruce ne +24%
Yellow birch +12%
-9%
Aspen
White oaks | “11%
|
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105
Table 66.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
Species group
Balsam fir
Tamarack
Black spruce
Red spruce
Red pine
White pine
Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Sugar maple
Red maple
Yellow birch
Paper birch
Beech
White ash
Black ash
Aspen
White oaks
Red oaks
Basswood
Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
SE
stand-size class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1983
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
3 classes
Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber seedling stocked
8.4 SU 0 15.0
-0 -6 0 -6
-5 -0 .0 Dat
51-8 1.4 0 96.3
1.8 -8 0 31.1
344.3 19.0 -0 1,345.8
117.0 o2 0 404.1
5.9 -0 0 US
529.8 23.1 -0 1,909.3
88.3 -6 -0 182.8
385.3 3.8 -0 635.8
41.7 -0 -0 84.7
146.4 -0 -0 203.0
45.3 -0 -0 126.0
79.0 .0 -0 122.4
9.1 -0 -0 9.9
66.9 22 -0 94.0
37.4 6 -0 71.6
290.5 3.8 -0 552.5
935 -0 -0 14.4
2.0 -0 -0 11.9
68.0 6 -0 136.1
1,269.4 9.5 -0 2,245.3
1,799.2 32.6 -0 4,154.6
6.6 29.9 0 2.5
106
SE
31.5
100.0
90.7
22.4
50.0
oe
10.9
44.3
5.6
13.9
6.5
14.6
10.4
15.2
16.4
83.3
22.5
17.4
7.4
33.1
28.0
11.0
3.6
2.5
Table 67.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and
stand-size class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
ALL
Species group aes SE
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
Balsam fir 12.9 13.2 3 -0 26.5 27.4
Tamarack 5 A .0 .0 uz, 62.7
Black spruce -0 -0 1 .0 1 100.0
Red spruce 59.4 69.3 2.5 -0 131.3 20.6
Red pine 16.3 6.3 aE) 0 23.1 51.7
White pine 1,243.7 184.7 UEC 0 1,435.6 6.7
Hemlock 364.4 139.0 Zant .0 506.5 10.0
Other softwoods 21 25 -6 -0 3.2 40.5
Total softwoods 1,699.4 413.2 14.4 .0 2,127.0 5.0
Sugar maple 113.9 47.4 of .0 162.0 17.8
Red maple 501.3 305.5 13.7 .0 820.4 57:5
Yellow birch 57.0 43.1 2.7 .0 102.8 13.5
Paper birch 98.8 85.0 ae -0 184.0 9.0
Beech 105.6 48.5 1.0 .0 155.0 14.7
White ash 83.4 60.6 2.0 -0 145.9 13.6
Black ash .0 2 -0 .0 ae) 100.0
Aspen 31.0 61.1 1.3 .0 93.4 17.7
White oaks 43.7 21.3 .0 .0 65.0 16.0
Red oaks 418.5 226.3 5.9 -0 650.7 7.4
Basswood 4.3 525 .0 .0 9.8 Sel
Elm 6.6 1.0 4 -0 8.0 42.4
Other hardwoods 99.8 50.2 4.1 -0 154.1 10.9
Total hardwoods 1,563.8 956.0 31.9 .0 25551.-7 3.6
Total, all species 3,263.2 1,369.2 46.3 .0 4,678.7 2.7
SE 5.2 8.0 27.9 .0 2af
107
Table 68.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest type and
stand-size class, Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
ALL
Forest type SE
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non- el aeece
timber timber seedling stocked
Red pine 11.3 0 -0 -0 Wes) 100.0
White pine 745.7 56.5 6.2 0 808.4 13.1
White pine/hemlock 323.7 63.9 0 -0 387.6 19.9
Hemlock 175/25 65.0 0 -0 240.5 26.7
White/red pine group 1,256.2 185.4 6.2 -0 1,447.8 8.8
Red spruce 17.4 53.6 -0 0 alist 44.8
Red spruce/balsam fir 9.8 -0 -0 -0 9.8 100.0
Spruce/fir group 27.5 53.6 -0 ; -0 80.9 41.2
Wh. pine/no.red oak/wh. ash 441.4 38.9 -0 -0 480.3 19.5
Other oak/pine 7.6 -0 -0 -0 7.6 100.0
Oak/pine group 449.0 38.9 -0 0 487.9 19.3
Post, black, or bear oak 9.9 -0 -0 -0 9.9 100.0
White oak/red oak/hickory 134.4 Ue -0 -0 151.9 32.0
White oak 20 2.5 -0 0 225 100.0
Northern red oak = 173.8 98.0 -0 -0 271.8 21.7
Red maple/central hardwood 26.5 21.9 -0 -0 48.4 52.8
Mixed central hardwoods 230.7 172.6 7.5 -0 410.8 16.5
Oak/hickory group 575.4 312.4 (5 .0 895.3 10.9
Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple -0 -0 252 -0 222 100.0
Red maple( lowland) 10.2 16.5 -0 -0 26.6 48.3
Red maple(upland) 15.6 12.9 -0 0 28.4 50.6
Elm/ash/red maple group Fae 29.3 2.2 0 57.2 33.9
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch 379.4 195.7 Hie: -0 576.7 15.2
Black Cherry 0 2.3 0 0 2:3 100.0
Red maple/northern hardwoods 269.8 350.8 een -0 627.7 13.4
Mixed northern hardwoods 244.4 161.9 15.8 0 422.2 18.0
Northern hardwoods group 893.6 710.7 24.6 300 a1,62859 7.7
Aspen AS a7 31.7 6 -0 46.0 39.8
Paper birch 22.3 Ur 4.6 -0 34.1 5555
Gray birch -0 -0 a5 -0 =5 100.0
Aspen/birch group 36.0 38.9 Sah -0 80.6 32.7
All forest types 3726322, 1,369.2 46.3 -0 4,678.7 Zeit
SE 5.2 8.0 27.9 -0 2.7
108
Percent of growing-stock volume by forest-type group
Southern Unit, New Hampshire, 1997
y _ White /red pine
A 30.9%
y
Northern hardwoods __/
% |
‘
X
na ‘. Oak/hickory
Other _ i
7.9% / | 19.1%
Spruce/fir | Oak/pine
1.7% 10.4%
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112
Sawtimber volume on timberland, for selected species and
percent change, Southern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983 and 1997
White pine
Red oaks
Hemlock
Red maple
Sugar maple
Ash
Beech
Spruce
Paper birch
Yellow birch
Aspen
White oaks
(Volume increased by 25.4 percent for all species)
+16%
| 1983
Hi 1997
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Billions of board feet
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117
Average annual growth and removals of growing-stock volume
and ratio of growth to removals for selected species
on timberland, Southern Unit of New Hampshire, 1983-97
(Ratio of growth/removals for all species is 1.5 : 1)
i ]
White a = = — ||
ea
Red maple aay 19:1
neon a 1.3: 1
Hemlock 18:1
Beech 3104
Ash _ 16724 Ea Growth
Sugar maple 16:1 e Removals
Aspen OIA 1
White oak Aedes
Spruce 'Z 3.8: 1
Yellow birch i. 601
Balsam fir I 23:1
Millions of Cubic feet
COUNTY TABLES
Grafton
Carroll
Spelman Tn
os \
Merrimack x Strafford
)
- iaockinanam
Ze)
Sullivan
( Hillsboro
| ice
9° 09L'S 9°916 g°E2e'y £°8 9°84L 2°85 9°80S'4 jeqo1
9°£68'2 6°SS9 2°1¢2'2 0" 0° 2°68 G*87L'2 3LUN UsayyNos
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120
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121
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122
Table 79.--Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class
ALL
County
: classes
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
Carroll 319.0 147.7 35.3 -0 502.0
Coos 383.6 476.8 172.8 3.9 1,037.1
Grafton 389.5 362.8 68.8 -0 821.1
Northern Unit 1,092.2 987.2 276.8 3.9 2,360.2
Belknap 126.2 65.9 8.8 -0 200.9
Cheshire 238.2 117.4 10.6 -0 366.2
Hillsborough 259.1 110.6 13.2 -0 _ 383.0
Merrimack 236.1 213.7 19.3 5.0 474.1
Rockingham 164.4 92.4 27.3 -0 284.2
Strafford 103.5 40.9 14.5 -0 158.9
Sullivan 126.3 136.4 18.5 -0 281.1
Southern Unit 1,253.8 777.3 112.3 5.0 2,148.5
Total 2,346.0 1,764.5 389.1 8.9 4,508.6
SE 3.6 4.6 10.9 71.3 ev
123
SE
Table 80.--Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees,
County
Carroll
Coos
Grafton
Northern Unit
Belknap
Cheshire
Hillsborough
Merrimack
Rockingham
Strafford
Sullivan
Southern Unit
Total
SE
New Hampshire, 1997
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
Poorly Moderately Fully
Nonstocked stocked stocked stocked
5.2 74.5 124.7 266.7
56.9 272.2 349.5 338.9
5.4 97.6 284.1 382.5
67.5 444.3 758.3 988.1
-0 31.1 91.3 78.6
-0 37.8 115.9 193.7
-0 34.1 151.6 186.5
5.0 55.5 199.1 204.1
9.9 23.8 123.9 109.7
1.6 38.6 61.6 53.5
5 25.8 110.9 130.0
18.0 246.6 854.4 956.1
85.5 690.8 1,612.8 1,944.3
25.0 8.2 4.9 4.3
124
Over-
stocked
30.8
19.7
51.4
102.0
All
classes
502.
1,037.
821.
2,360.
200.
366.
383.
474.
284.
158.
281.
0
1
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125
Table 82.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and
stand-size class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All
COUN classes
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
Carroll 876.6 220.4 9.3 -0 1,106.3
Coos 734.0 772.4 49.8 -0 1,556.1
Grafton 968.6 649.1 41.2 -0 1,659.0
Northern Unit 2,579.2 1,641.8 100.3 -0 4,321.4
Belknap 299.8 96.9 6.3 -0 402.9
Cheshire 614.7 229.0 2.6 .0 846.3
Hillsborough 705.2 206.7 9.2 .0 921.1
Merrimack 639.7 359.3 8.0 -0 1,007.0
Rockingham 421.3 175.4 5.0 -0 601.6
Strafford 270.6 56.8 5-3 20 332.7
Sullivan 311.9 245.2 10.0 -0 567.1
Southern Unit 3,263.2 1,369.2 46.3 -0 +,678.7
Total 5,842.4 3.01120 146.6 -0 9,000.0
SE 4.1 555 17.5 -0 2.2
126
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127
Table 84.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and stand-size
class, New Hampshire, 1997
(In millions of board feet)
Stand-size class
ALL
County SR OS a ae he EE SS OA a Te ae SE
z classes
Saw- Pole- Sapling and Non-
timber timber seedling stocked
Carroll 2,932.6 326.0 Wed -0 3,275.8 9.5
Coos 2,000.1 1,114.4 93.9 .0 3,208.5 8.0
Grafton 2,821.3 980.5 94.0 -0 3,895.9 7.8
Northern Unit 7,754.1 2,420.9 205.2 -0 10,380.2 4.9
Belknap 892.6 132.1 9.8 .0 1,034.5 16.4
Cheshire 1,870.0 408.8 6.7 -0 2,285.5 9.1
Hillsborough 2,320.4 319.9 15.1 -0 2,655.4 8.6
Merrimack 2,103.5 619.8 19.9 .0 2,743.2 8.5
Rockingham 1,374.5 339.1 V2 -0 1,724.8 10.9
Strafford 887.1 114.1 4.0 -0 1,005.2 14.0
Sullivan 954.3 468.2 23.9 0 1,446.4 Wille
Southern Unit 10,402.3 2,402.0 90.6 -0 12,895.0 4.0
Total 18,156.4 4,822.9 295.8 -0 PEACE 3.1
SE 4.4 6.2 24.9 -0 Sia
128
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130
Frieswyk, Thomas S.; Widmann Richard H. 2000. Forest statistics for New
Hampshire: 1983 and 1997. Resour. Bull. NE-146. Newtown Square, PA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 130 p.
A statistical report on the fifth forest inventory of New Hampshire (1996-1998).
Findings are displayed in 86 tables containing estimates of forest area, numbers of
trees, timber volume, growth, change, and biomass. Data are presented at three
levels: state, county, and region.
Keywords: Forest survey, inventory, area, volume, growth, change, biomass.
CRA
ue Printed on Recycled Paper
ae Headquarters
Headquarters of the Northeastern Research Station is in Newtown Square,
Pennsylvania. Field laboratories are maintained at:
Amherst, Massachusetts, in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts
Burlington, Vermont, in cooperation with the University of Vermont
Delaware, Ohio |
Durham, New Hampshire, in cooperation with the University of New Hampshire
Hamden, Connecticut, in cooperation with Yale University
Morgantown, West Virginia, in cooperation with West Virginia University
Parsons, West Virginia
Princeton, West Virginia
Syracuse, New York, in cooperation with the State University of New York,
College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry at Syracuse University
Warren, Pennsylvania
The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and
activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political
beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of
program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET
Center at (202)720-2600 (voice and TDD).
~ To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W,
Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call
(202)720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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